cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experiential Learning Through Classroom Experiments

This paper describes classroom experiments in cooperative behavior as examples of experiential learning in economics classes. Several games are briefly discussed and a new game in cartel behavior is presented. In this game, Students make production decisions as a cartel and earn revenues based on their own output decision and the output decision of the rest of the cartel. Cooperative behavior generates maximum profit for the group, but individuals have incentive to break from the group. The demonstration can be used to illustrate profit maximizing decisions for a cooperative oligopoly and for individual firms, to introduce strategic behavior and game theory, and to demonstrate the instability of cartels. The paper includes review of other papers and experiments in cooperative behavior, a description of and instructions for the cartel experiment, analysis of results of the experiment, and suggested questions and topics for classroom discussion.
Clinicians' Perceptions of Self-assessment in Clinical Practice

Background and Purpose. Self-assessment may be a way for clinicians to focus on continued clinical competence. Self-assessment is the clinicians' ability to assess their skills, identify their educational needs, evaluate their progress, and determine the strengths and weaknesses of their performance. The purpose of this study was to describe selected physical therapists' perceptions of self-assessment in their clinical practice. Subjects. The subjects were four practicing physical therapists who were willing to discuss the topic of self-assessment. Methods. A qualitative methodology using in-depth interviews generated the data for analysis. Results. The themes related to self-assessment of competence, patient outcome, and professional development were identified as a result of this study. Conclusion and Discussion. Within these three themes of selfassessment, the subjects wanted to improve themselves as clinicians to be better able to serve their patients.
Vagal and sympathetic components of the heart rate reflex in chronic portal vein stenosis.

The effects of portal hypertension and portosystemic shunting on autonomic components of the heart rate (HR) baroreflex and on skeletal muscle blood flow changes were investigated using the chronic portal vein-stenosed rat. Phenylephrine- and sodium nitroprusside-induced changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR, and skeletal muscle conductance (SMC) were assessed before and after muscarinic or beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Stenosed rats had lower MAP than sham-operated rats (90 +/- 3 vs. 81 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.05), and their portal pressure was higher (7.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 13.9 +/- 1.0 mmHg, P < 0.005). Phenylephrine pressor responses were reduced in stenosed animals, their associated bradycardic responses were enhanced [-1.912 +/- 0.109 vs. -1.427 +/- 0.148 beats per minute (bpm)/mmHg, P < 0.01], and their SMC responses were diminished. Methylatropine abolished bradycardic responses and enhanced pressor responses without affecting SMC. After propranolol, reflex bradycardic responses in stenosed rats were less ...
Relationships between the Structures of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates and Their Thermal and Oxidative Aging

Abstract Accelerated sulfur NR vulcanizate networks are known to contain poly-, di- and monosulfidic crosslinks, sulfur-containing main chain modifications including cyclic sulfides and pendent accelerator groups, and extra-network material, primarily vulcanization residues. Both oxidative and non-oxidative aging characteristics of the vulcanizate can be improved by use of an efficient or EV curing system. These systems utilize either a high accelerator to sulfur ratio or an accelerator in conjunction with a sulfur release agent to insert predominantly mono- and disulfidic crosslinks, and produce a minimum of main chain modifications. The resulting vulcanizates have excellent aging properties, but fatigue life is poor in comparison to that of a conventional vulcanizate. With a compromise between the conventional and EV curing systems, namely use of intermediate accelerator to sulfur ratios or mixtures of sulfur and sulfur donor, vulcanizates with good fatigue properties and improved aging characteristics ...
INTERSPECIFIC RECOGNITION AND DISCRIMINATION BASED UPON OLFACTORY CUES IN NORTHERN SWORDTAILS

Female Xiphophorus rnontezumae were attracted to olfactory cues from nonspecific and heterospecific (X. cortezi and X. nigrensis) males when given a choice between the stimulus and water. When given a choice between nonspecific and heterospecific cues, females only demonstrated a strong preference for the nonspecific stimulus when it was matched against X. nigrensis. Female X. nigrensis were attracted to olfactory cues from their close relative, X. cortezi, but did not respond to cues from the more distantly related X. montezumae. They preferred the scent of their own males to the olfactory cues of both heterospecific species. Our results indicate that X. cortezi and X. nigrensis share an apomorphic change in some aspect of their olfactory cue-receiver system that is not shared with X. rnontezurnae. We also uncovered an asymmetry in response based on olfactory stimuli in these fishes: X. montezurnae is moderately attracted to the cue from X. nigrensis, whereas X. nigrensis does not respond to the cue from X. montezurnae at all.
Link-Layer Throughput of FHSS with Interference Mitigation: Analysis and Cross Layer Design

We consider ad hoc wireless networks that use frequency hopping to provide multiple access capability among radios. In such systems, the multiple-access control (MAC) protocol must be designed to provide an appropriate level of simultaneous transmissions to efficiently utilize the channel, while not causing so much multiple-access interference that data transmissions cannot be decoded correctly. The transmission rates of the radios should be adapted based on the number of radios that simultaneously have data to transmit in the network. However, for most networks employing spread spectrum, it is difficult to determine the number of radios contending in the network at any particular time. In this paper, we present a method of estimating the number of radios in a system employing frequency-hopping spread spectrum by observing the interference activity at the physical layer of each radio. Each radio uses its locally generated interference estimate to adapt its transmission probability to maximize the sum throughput of the overall network. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate that this approach offers performance close to the maximum possible sum throughput.
The Word “Radian”

(1912). The Word “Radian”. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 19, No. 10-11, pp. 166-166.
Effect of stocking rate on predominant height of young Caribbean pine plantations in coastal Queensland

Summary The effect of stocking (stems/ha) on growth in predominant height of young Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea Morelet var hondurensis Barr, and Golf.) in coastal Queensland was examined. A strong negative relationship was found in most cases from about five to eleven years. The potential implications for management are discussed.
Analysis on Construction and Development of Communication System for Smart Distribution Grid

Construction of automatic communication system of domestic distribution system is analyzed in the first instance,including use of typical communication technologies and protocols.According to characteristics of smart distribution GRID(SDG),new requirements of SDG on communication technologies are presented afterwards;advantages of application of various communication technologies in distribution networks and the existing problems are analyzed and contrasted with each other in succession and acceptable environments are brought forward.Finally,prospect for development of communication technologies in SDG is discussed.
The Improvement of Airborne DF Adjust Method Based on Four-channel Amplitude Comparison

The four-channel amplitude comparison direction finding(DF) method is a popular DF method in airborne EW field.The principle of the method and the limitation of traditional adjust methods are presented.A useful improvement by analyzing the main factor that affects the amplitude of DF channel is introduced. The method is demonstrated by formula deduction,simulation and test.
Protein Phosphatase 2A Has Positive and Negative Roles in Autophagy

Autophagy is a ubiquitous, homeostatic process involving lysosomal-dependent recycling of intracellular macromolecules and organelles targeted by multi-lamellar vesicles. This multistep process involves a large network of molecules tightly regulated by post-translational mechanisms, including phosphorylation. One critical regulator of this pathway is protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Although referred to as a single enzymatic activity, PP2A encompasses multiple serine/threonine phosphatase enzyme complexes formed through the combination of a family of regulatory and scaffolding subunits with a common catalytic subunit. PP2A activity regulates autophagy at multiple checkpoints and can have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on this process. The final outcome of PP2A activity on autophagic responses is dependent on multiple factors, which include the specific PP2A enzyme activated, cell type, and the nature of autophagic trigger. Alterations in autophagy are increasingly associated with chronic diseases. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling this process may have important implications for designing therapies targeting autophagy.
Progression of Cerebral Atrophy and Hypometabolism in the presence of β-amyloidosis in mild cognitive impairment (S41.007)

OBJECTIVE: To define the role of β-amyloidosis in progression of cortical structure and function at the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage of sporadic late onset Alzheimer disease (AD). BACKGROUND: Even if β-amyloidosis is not the proximate cause of cognitive impairment in sporadic late-onset AD, β-amyloid may promote other neurodegenerative processes once cognitive impairment begins. DESIGN/METHODS: We examined 60 MCI and 115 cognitively normal (CN) participants in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging or Mayo Alzheimer9s Disease Center, who were >70 years and had serial imaging biomarkers. Participants were characterized as having abnormal or normal brain β-amyloidosis (A+ or A-) based on 11 C-Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PET), and N+ or N- based on an abnormally low hippocampal volume or hypometabolism in an AD-like pattern on 18 fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET. We examined regional MR and FDG PET changes in A+/N+ and A-/N+ groups. RESULTS: FDG ratios declined in medial and lateral temporal regions in the MCI A+/N+ group compared to the MCI A-/N+ group, whether "N+" was defined exclusively by one or the other neurodegeneration imaging method. Insular, medial parietal and lateral parietal declines in MCI A+/N+ were seen in some analyses. Volumetric longitudinal differences between MCI A+/N+ and MCI A-/N+ were limited to medial or lateral temporal regions. β-amyloidosis was associated with greater metabolic and structural changes in isocortex in MCI A+/N+ compared to CN A+/N+. There was no structural or metabolic pattern that was unique to MCI A-/N+. CONCLUSIONS: β-amyloidosis was associated with greater metabolic declines and volume losses in temporal and parietal isocortical regions in persons with MCI. Study Support: NIH grants P50 AG16574, U01 AG06786, R01 AG11378, Elsie and Marvin Dekelboum Family Foundation, Robert H. and Clarice Smith and Abigail Van Buren Alzheimer’s Disease Research Program of the Mayo Foundation Disclosure: Neurology, Deputy Editor, Dr. Jack has received personal compensation for activities with Janssen Pharmaceuticals as a consultant. Dr. Jack has received research support from the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Lundt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wiste has nothing to disclose. Dr. Weigand has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vemuri has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lowe has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer Pharmaceuticals as a consultant. Dr. Kantarci has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gunter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Senjem has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mielke has nothing to disclose. Dr. Roberts has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boeve has received research support from GE Healthcare. Dr. Machulda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Petersen has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer Inc. and Janssen Alzheimer9s Immunotherapy.
Fundamental limits for support recovery of tree-sparse signals from noisy compressive samples

Recent breakthrough results in compressive sensing (CS) have established that many high dimensional signals can be accurately recovered from a relatively small number of non-adaptive linear observations, provided that the signals possess a sparse representation in some basis. Subsequent efforts have shown that the performance of CS can be improved by exploiting structure in the locations of the nonzero signal coefficients during inference, or by utilizing some form of data-dependent adaptive measurement scheme during the sensing process. Our previous work established that an adaptive sensing strategy specifically tailored to signals that are tree-sparse can significantly outperform adaptive and non-adaptive sensing strategies that are agnostic to the underlying structure in noisy support recovery tasks. In this paper we establish corresponding fundamental performance limits for these support recovery tasks, in settings where measurements may be obtained either non-adaptively (using a randomized Gaussian measurement strategy motivated by initial CS investigations) or by any adaptive sensing strategy. Our main results here imply that the adaptive tree sensing procedure analyzed in our previous work is nearly optimal, in the sense that no other sensing and estimation strategy can perform fundamentally better for identifying the support of tree-sparse signals.
Solving parsons problems versus fixing and writing code

Prior research has shown that Parsons problems are an engaging type of code completion problem that can be used to teach syntactic and semantic language constructs. They can also be used in summative assessments to reduce marking time and grading variability compared to code writing problems. In a Parsons problem the correct code is provided, but is broken into mixed-up code blocks that must be assembled in the correct order. Two-dimensional Parsons problems also require the code blocks to be indented correctly. Parsons problems can contain extra code blocks, called distractors, which are not needed in a correct solution. We present a study that compared the efficiency, effectiveness, and cognitive load of learning from solving two-dimensional Parsons problems with distractors, versus fixing code with the same errors as the distractors, versus writing the equivalent code. We found that solving two-dimensional Parsons problems with distractors took significantly less time than fixing code with errors or than writing the equivalent code. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in the learning performance, or in student retention of the knowledge one week later.
Abraham’s Ordeal and Historical Change: From Sacrifice to Ethics

Shakespeare uses the figure of Abraham and the story of his near-sacrifice of Isaac (the Akedah) in three plays, written between 1593 and 1596 (Titus Andronicus, Richard II, and King John) that dramatize historical progress from the sacrificial economies of paganism and Catholic feudalism toward polities that must be reformed by covenant relations, beginning with the bond between fathers and sons. In Shakespeare’s implicit reading of the Akedah, Abraham struggles to bear the cross of his covenantal commitments to both God and his son, and, in suffering the ordeal, he sacrifices himself metaphorically instead of sacrificing Isaac literally. Kietzman shows how this struggle becomes the new political ordeal in her analyses of Aaron in Titus Andronicus, York in Richard II, and Hubert in King John.
Potential Therapies for Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Robust evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders has now been derived from cell culture and animal models, identification of human genetic defects in disease, and measurements of markers of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in patients with neurodegenerative disease. Is this a potential target for neuroprotection? Studies of in vitro models of neuronal toxicity, and of animal models of neurodegenerative disorders, have been encouraging, demonstrating potential neuroprotective effects of compounds such as Coenzyme Q10, a potent antioxidant and component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Animal studies have also demonstrated how critical disturbances in cellular processes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, such as calcium homeostasis, may be modifiable. With this data in mind, the critical question is now whether interventions predicted to enhance mitochondrial function, alleviate oxidative stress, and/or abrogate harmful downstream effects, will translate into novel therapies capable of improving patient outcomes. A number of clinical trials have now been undertaken in humans with Parkinson’s disease, Parkinson Plus disorders, Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Friedreich’s ataxia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we examine the rationale behind these studies, describe the study outcomes, and discuss potential roadblocks in this process of bench-to-bedside translation. We also examine how recent leaps in understanding mitochondrial biology have identified novel targets for neuroprotective interventions, such as the Sirtuins, the (ARE)-Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway, and PGC-1α (alpha). Finally, although much farther down the road, the possibility for gene therapy is now beginning to be explored.
Statistical Consistency for Ranking

In this chapter, we introduce the statistical consistency of learning-to-rank methods. In particular, we will introduce the existing results on statistical consistency under different ranking frameworks, and with respect to different true losses, e.g., the pairwise 0–1 loss, the permutation-level 0–1 loss, the top-k loss, and the weighted Kendall’s τ loss. Then we will make discussions on these results and point out the ways of further improving them.
Pax-6, Prox 1, and Chx10 homeobox gene expression correlates with phenotypic fate of retinal precursor cells.

Methods. Sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded eyes were obtained at a range of developmental stages. In situ hybridization was carried out on tissue sections using digoxigenin-labeled sense and antisense RNA probes that recognize chicken Pax-6 and Prox 1 (whose sequences were already available), and chicken ChxlO (which was cloned and sequenced as part of this study). Selected developmental stages were also studied by immunocytochemistry with antibodies against Pax-6 and Prox 1, and by Northern blot analysis using 32 Plabeled probes. Results. Until embryonic day (ED) 5, in situ hybridization shows widespread, diffuse distribution of all three genes. Between ED 6 and ED 8, however, they acquire distinct, topographically specific patterns of expression. The Prox 1 signal is predominantly expressed in the prospective horizontal cell layer of the neuroepithelium, decreases vitreally, and is absent from ganglion cells and die prospective photoreceptor layer. Pax-6 is strongly expressed only in the prospective ganglion-cell and.amacrine-cell regions at the same stages, and is not detected in prospective photoreceptors. ChxlO expression becomes concentrated in the future bipolar-cell region of the inner nuclear layer. Similar patterns are maintained by ED 15 through ED 18, after cell differentiation has taken place. Pax-6 and Prox 1 immunoreacn've materials showed nuclear localization and a pattern of laminar distribution equivalent to diat seen by in situ hybridization. Conclusions. These results suggest that the differentiated fate of retinal precursor cells may be influenced by Pax-6, Prox 1, or ChxlO; this hypothesis is now being tested using dissociated chick embryo retinal cell cultures. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:1293-1303. A he mature neural retina contains an assortment of postmitotic, differentiated cell types that occupy precise positions within its distinctively laminated structure. At early stages of embryonic development, however, the retina consists of a simple, pseudostratified
SOME ASPECTS OF THE PHARMACOLOGY OF PHENCYCLIDINE

ABSTRACT The effects of phencyclidine [PCP,.l-(l-phenylcyclohexyl)-piperidine] and two of its metabolites, l-(l-phenylcyclohexyl)-4-hydroxy piperidine (4-OH pip PCP) and l-(l-phenyl-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-piperidine (4-OH cyclo PCP) were compared on rat locomotor activity and gross behavior in the dog. The two PCP metabolites produced some locomotor stimulation in the rat but were not as potent as PCP. The 4-OH pip PCP metabolite showed about 1/10 the activity of PCP; 4-OH cyclo PCP was even less potent in increasing rat locomotor activity. In the dog 1.0 mg/kg i.v. PCP produced a biphasic response with an initial phase of anesthesia and a subsequent phase of severe emergence delirium; in larger doses anesthesia with convulsions was observed. Equimolar doses to 1.0 mg/kg PCP of 4-OH pip PCP caused only slight ataxia and disorientation, while 4-OH cyclo PCP showed no effect. However, in ten times this dose 4-OH cyclo PCP was a frank cohvulsant, while 4-OH pip PCP was a less intense convulsant and produced some disorientation like PCP. Diazepam, diphenhydramine, droperidol, mecamylamine, physostigmine, 9-amino-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (THA), and scopolamine were tested as PCP antagonists when given prior to PCP in both the rat and dog. In the rat droperidol (0.32 mg/kg i.p.) and THA (10 mg/kg i.p.) significantly reduced the locomotor stimulant effects of PCP. In the dog these agents in a dose of 1.0 mg/kg i.v. as pretrea tment did not dramatically alter the PCP induced state. The plasma pharmacokinetics of PCP were determined in both the dog and monkey using gas chromatography-mass fragmentography in the electron impact mode (GC-MF-EI). In both species PCP (1 and 1.1 mg/kg i.v.) produced a complex exponential decline in the plasma levels with up to 2–3 phases. Compared to the monkey, the dog exhibited a pronounced emergence delirium during which time significant PCP plasma levels were detected. Very preliminary observations suggest that acidification of the urine in some human subjects may enhance urinary excretion. Carefully controlled animal studies are now being planned.
Lymphocyte Production and Life-span in the Bone Marrow of the Guinea Pig

Guinea pigs were given 14 daily injections of 3H-thymidine to label a proportion of cells with a slow rate of turnover in addition to rapidly proliferating cells. In the bone marrow the only unlabeled cells were some reticular, endothelial, and plasma cells, damaged cells, and 14.1% of small lymphocytes. Six weeks after discontinuation of 3H-thymidine 7% of the marrow lymphocytes remained labeled. In guinea pigs injected every 4 hr with 3H-thymidine for 4 days to label all cells entering DNA synthesis, 14.4% of small lymphocytes remained unlabeled along with some reticular, endothelial, phagocytic, monocytoid, damaged, and plasma cells. The pattern of appearance of labeled lymphocytes was consistent with the kinetics of transitional cells that function as their precursors. Thus, in the bone marrow of the guinea pig the majority of lymphocytes have a short lifespan and a rapid turnover, whereas about 14% turn over more slowly and 7% have a life-span exceeding 4 wk. In this respect the kinetics of marrow lymphocyte production differs from that of the rat.
Modeling near ground-state cooling of two-dimensional ion crystals in a Penning trap using electromagnetically induced transparency

Penning traps, with their ability to control planar crystals of tens to hundreds of ions, are versatile quantum simulators. Thermal occupations of the motional drumhead modes, transverse to the plane of the ion crystal, degrade the quality of quantum simulations. Laser cooling using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT cooling) is attractive as an efficient way to quickly initialize the drumhead modes to near ground-state occupations. We numerically investigate the efficiency of EIT cooling of planar ion crystals in a Penning trap, accounting for complications arising from the nature of the trap and from the simultaneous cooling of multiple ions. We show that, in spite of challenges, the large bandwidth of drumhead modes (hundreds of kilohertz) can be rapidly cooled to near ground-state occupations within a few hundred microseconds. Our predictions for the center-of-mass mode include a cooling time constant of tens of microseconds and an enhancement of the cooling rate with increasing number of ions. Successful experimental demonstrations of EIT cooling in the NIST Penning trap [Jordan et al., [Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 053603 (2019)] validate our predictions.
Navigating the Process of Curriculum Redesign in Sociology: Challenges and Lessons from One Program:

The American Sociological Association has produced a wide range of reports and materials addressing curricular best practices. Collectively, those materials are an invaluable resource for guiding r...
INFLAMMATION AND CIRCULATING NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE LEVELS IN HUMANS

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are cardiac derived hormones that promote natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation. Preclinical evidence suggests that non-hemodynamic triggers for NP release exist, with a few studies implicating inflammatory cytokines, e.g. interleukin-6 (IL6). The impact of inflammation
ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HOLLOW SPHERES AND PHOSPHATIDIC ACID VESICLES

The nonlinearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation was numerically solved for hollow spherical shells having the dimensions and properties of phosphatidic acid vesicles, and bearing charges on both the inner and outer surfaces of the shell. By assuming electroneutrality inside the shell, we obtained the electrostatic potential inside and outside of the shell, as well as the inner and outer degrees of dissociation of the surface charges. Physically measurable parameters were computed from the potential as a function of vesicle size, salt concentration, etc. The degree of dissociation, under all circumstances, was less on the inside than on the outside surface. At low salt (<.001M) and low vesicle concentration, the potential is larger inside than outside the vesicle, and co-ions are effectively excluded from the interior. At high particle concentration, the potential becomes larger outside than in; and at still higher particle concentration, the co-ion concentration is greater inside than outside. Comparison of experimental and computed pH titration curves for phosphatidic acid vesicles showed good agreement for salt concentrations ≥0.01M but gave significant unexplained deviations at lower salt concentrations.
MP09-01 HOW LONG SHOULD PROSTATE-MRI BE DELAYED AFTER PROSTATE BIOPSY TO MINIMIZE HEMATOMA ARTIFACT?

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Prostate MRI is commonly used to evaluate a rising PSA after a prostate biopsy. However, the optimal timing of post-biopsy MRI is debated due to conflicting reports on t...
‘Tayyari Jeet Ki’: The Production of Childhood as a Cultural Trope of Developmentalism

The chapter explores the cultural investment in the notions of development that make grand political ideologies relevant through everyday practice. Through wide range of materials including films, magazines and advertisements, this chapter delineates how childhood becomes the site of performing caste/class-based differences and not simply a stage of natural development of man. The use of visual representation is meant to emphasize the recent focus on the middle-class child as the repository of natural talent that must be nurtured through ‘proper’ parental investment. In the wake of education seemingly becoming more accessible to members of lower castes, the production of difference is redesigned. The disillusionment with the Nehruvian model of development has given way to notions of developmentalism that require dangerous yet potentially rewarding engagement with ‘modernity’. The performance of childhood is integral to the production of the new middle-class citizenship.
Simultaneous Tracking of Orbcomm LEO Satellites and Inertial Navigation System Aiding Using Doppler Measurements

A framework for simultaneously tracking Orbcomm low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites and using Doppler measurements drawn from their signals to aid a vehicle&#226;&#8364;&#8482;s inertial navigation system (INS) is developed. The developed framework enables a navigating vehicle to exploit ambient Orbcomm LEO satellite signal Doppler measurements to aid its INS in a tightly-coupled fashion in the event global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals become unusable. An overview of the extended Kalman filter-based simultaneous tracking and navigation (STAN) framework is provided. Experimental results are presented showing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aiding its INS with Doppler measurements drawn from two Orbcomm LEO satellites, reducing the final position error from 31.7 m to 8.9 m after 30 seconds of GNSS unavailability.
Species Composition and Abundance of the Natural Enemies of Sugarcane Aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehnter) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on Sorghum in Texas

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), is an emergent sorghum pest in the United States. This study was designed to identify which natural enemy species are present in aphid populations in sorghum in Texas, and to track the seasonal population trends of the aphid and its natural enemies on sorghum hybrids that differ in susceptibility to the aphid. From 2015 through 2016, sugarcane aphid and its natural enemies were sampled weekly in plots of aphid-susceptible and partially aphid-resistant sorghum hybrids at two field sites in Nueces County and Burleson County, Texas. In 2015, aphids and natural enemies had greater peak abundance on the susceptible hybrid than on the resistant hybrid. Peak abundance of most natural enemies tended to lag behind that of aphids by one to two weeks. Natural enemy taxa observed at both field sites included two primary parasitoid wasp species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae: Aphelinus nigritus Howard stat. rev.; Braconidae: Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson)), one species of hyperparasitoid (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), ten lady beetle species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and three morphospecies of dusky lady beetle (Coccinellidae: Scymninae), three hoverfly species (Diptera: Syrphidae), five green lacewing species (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), brown lacewings (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae: Hemerobius), and minute pirate bugs (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae: Orius insidiosus (Say)). Aphelinus and Coccinellidae were the numerically dominant natural enemy groups in all sorghum hybrids, followed by Chrysopidae and Syrphidae. Aphids mummified by Aphelinus were hyperparasitized by Syrphophagus aphidivorus at a rate of approximately 90%. Natural enemy densities were similarly proportionate to aphid densities on both aphid-susceptible and aphid-resistant plants. Overall, the continuity of natural enemy species composition and population trends supports that these natural enemies responded positively to sugarcane aphid on sorghum.
Benchmark AFLOW Data Sets for Machine Learning

Materials informatics is increasingly finding ways to exploit machine learning algorithms. Techniques such as decision trees, ensemble methods, support vector machines, and a variety of neural network architectures are used to predict likely material characteristics and property values. Supplemented with laboratory synthesis, applications of machine learning to compound discovery and characterization represent one of the most promising research directions in materials informatics. A shortcoming of this trend, in its current form, is a lack of standardized materials data sets on which to train, validate, and test model effectiveness. Applied machine learning research depends on benchmark data to make sense of its results. Fixed, predetermined data sets allow for rigorous model assessment and comparison. Machine learning publications that do not refer to benchmarks are often hard to contextualize and reproduce. In this data descriptor article, we present a collection of data sets of different material properties taken from the AFLOW database. We describe them, the procedures that generated them, and their use as potential benchmarks. We provide a compressed ZIP file containing the data sets and a GitHub repository of associated Python code. Finally, we discuss opportunities for future work incorporating the data sets and creating similar benchmark collections.
A 55-Year-Old Woman with Little Finger Numbness and Pain for 6 Months

Ulnar neuropathy is the second most common entrapment neuropathy. The nerve dysfunction has been known as a source of discomfort for over two centuries. The nerve has long tortuous course and can be compressed at multiple spots from the arm all the way to the hand. The three main mechanisms of physical damage to the nerves are compression, stretching, and traction. The nerve dysfunction is quite often related to repeated physical activity endured at work or playing professional sports. Clinical features can range from mild intermittent symptoms of pain to severe persistent pain or muscle atrophy. Diagnostic workup includes physical examination, electromyography, and/or imaging technique to evaluate and confirm presence of entrapment. Treatment ranges from conservative management with splinting of the elbow or wrist to surgical decompression of the nerve at the site of compression. The evidence is limited for any injection therapy. Surgical decompression offers the best long-term solution for this condition.
Evaluating the effect of prior authorizations in patients with complex dermatologic conditions.

Background In dermatology, prior authorizations can delay treatment, decrease patient adherence, and deter providers from advocating for their patients. Patients with complex dermatologic conditions, often requiring off-label treatments, may face particularly significant insurance barriers. Objective Evaluate the effect of prior authorizations in patients with complex dermatologic conditions. Methods This prospective cohort study assessed patients treated by a dermatologist during 5 months who specialized in complex dermatology. Patients included were older than 18 years, treated at V.P.W.'s rheumatology-dermatology clinic, and prescribed a medication or ordered a diagnostic procedure that elicited an insurance prior authorization. Data on prior authorization outcome, administrative time, and delay to treatment were collected. Results Of 51 prior authorizations, 51% were initially denied, with systemic medications more likely denied than topical ones (P Limitations Single-center, single-provider patient panel. Conclusion Patients with complex dermatologic conditions face a significant barrier to care because of prior authorizations. The administrative burden for provider practices to address these prior authorizations is substantial and may warrant a streamlined system in collaboration with insurers.
Delivery of Automated External Defibrillators via Drones in Simulated Cardiac Arrest: Users' Experiences and the Human-Drone Interaction.

Abstract Background Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in the United States is approximately 10%. Automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) are effective when applied early, yet public access AEDs are used in Objectives To describe user experiences with AED-equipped drones in a feasibility study of simulated OHCA in a community setting. Methods We simulated an OHCA in a series of trials with age-group/sex-matched participant pairs, with one participant randomized to search for a public access AED and the other to call a mock 9-1-1 telephone number that initiated the dispatch of an AED-equipped drone. We investigated user experience of 17 of the 35 drone recipient participants via semi-structured qualitative interviews and analyzed audio-recordings for key aspects of user experience. Results Drone recipient participants reported largely positive experiences, highlighting that this delivery method enabled them to stay with the victim and continue cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Concerns were few but included drone arrival timing and direction as well as bystander safety. Participants provided suggestions for improvements in the AED-equipped drone design and delivery procedures. Conclusion Participants reported positive experiences interacting with an AED-equipped drone for a simulated OHCA in a community setting. Early findings suggest a role for drone-delivered AEDs to improve bystander AED use and improve outcomes for OHCA victims.
Low prevalence of bone mineral density testing in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and glucocorticoid exposure.

SummaryPatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures due to systemic inflammation and glucocorticoids (GCs). Professional organiza...
Cambio climático global, ecología política y migración*

La sensibilidad de las comunidades a choques ambientales y de otro tipo ha empeorado por restructuraciones institucionales y sociales de gran envergadura en las ultimas decadas, a lo que se suma que el cambio climatico continuara teniendo gran impacto en el sustento y en la vida de dichas comunidades, especialmente en las que dependen mas de “servicios ecosistemicos”. En este contexto, los impactos economicos, politicos y sociales del cambio climatico (por ejemplo, en conflictos por la tenencia, uso y usufructo de recursos como la tierra, el agua y los minerales) se seguiran reflejando en la posibilidad o el impedimento de antiguas y nuevas formas de migracion y desplazamiento. Este numero especial de la Revista de Estudios Sociales se enfoca en cinco estudios relacionados con el tema, los cuales aqui presentamos.
Fast Automated Stereo-EEG Electrode Contact Identification and Labeling Ensemble.

INTRODUCTION Stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) has emerged as the preferred modality for intracranial monitoring in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients being evaluated for neurosurgery. After implantation of SEEG electrodes, it is important to determine the neuroanatomic locations of electrode contacts (ECs), to localize ictal onset and propagation, and integrate functional information to facilitate surgical decisions. Although there are tools for coregistration of preoperative MRI and postoperative CT scans, identification, sorting, and labeling of SEEG ECs is often performed manually, which is resource intensive. We report development and validation of a software named Fast Automated SEEG Electrode Contact Identification and Labeling Ensemble (FASCILE). METHODS FASCILE is written in Python 3.8.3 and employs a novel automated method for identifying ECs, assigning them to respected SEEG electrodes, and labeling. We compared FASCILE with our clinical process of identifying, sorting, and labeling ECs, by computing localization error in anteroposterior, superoinferior, and lateral dimensions. We also measured mean Euclidean distances between ECs identified by FASCILE and the clinical method. We compared time taken for EC identification, sorting, and labeling for the software developer using FASCILE, a first-time clinical user using FASCILE, and the conventional clinical process. RESULTS Validation in 35 consecutive DRE patients showed a mean overall localization error of 0.73 ± 0.15 mm. FASCILE required 10.7 ± 5.5 min/patient for identifying, sorting, and labeling ECs by a first-time clinical user, compared to 3.3 ± 0.7 h/patient required for the conventional clinical process. CONCLUSION Given the accuracy, speed, and ease of use, we expect FASCILE to be used frequently for SEEG-driven epilepsy surgery. It is freely available for noncommercial use. FASCILE is specifically designed to expedite localization of ECs, assigning them to respective SEEG electrodes (sorting), and labeling them and not for coregistration of CT and MRI data as there are commercial software available for this purpose.
Macrocyclic Complexes Derived from Four cis ‐L 2 Pt Corners and Four Butadiynediyl Linkers; Syntheses, Electronic Structures, and Square versus Skew Rhombus Geometries

The dialkyl malonate derived 1,3-diphosphines R2 C(CH2 PPh2 )2 (R=a, Me; b, Et; c, n-Bu; d, n-Dec; e, Bn; f, p-tolCH2 ) are combined with (p-tol3 P)2 PtCl2 or trans-(p-tol3 P)2 Pt((C≡C)2 H)2 to give the chelates cis-(R2 C(CH2 PPh2 )2 )PtCl2 (2 a-f, 94-69 %) or cis-(R2 C(CH2 PPh2 )2 )Pt((C≡C)2 H)2 (3 a-f, 97-54 %). Complexes 3 a-d are also available from 2 a-d and excess 1,3-butadiyne in the presence of CuI (cat.) and excess HNEt2 (87-65 %). Under similar conditions, 2 and 3 react to give the title compounds [(R2 C(CH2 PPh2 )2 )[Pt(C≡C)2 ]4 (4 a-f; 89-14 % (64 % avg)), from which ammonium salts such as the co-product [H2 NEt2 ]+ Cl- are challenging to remove. Crystal structures of 4 a,b show skew rhombus as opposed to square Pt4 geometries. The NMR and IR properties of 4 a-f are similar to those of mono- or diplatinum model compounds. However, cyclic voltammetry gives only irreversible oxidations. As compared to mono-platinum or Pt(C≡C)2 Pt species, the UV-visible spectra show much more intense and red-shifted bands. Time dependent DFT calculations define the transitions and principal orbitals involved. Electrostatic potential surface maps reveal strongly negative Pt4 C16 cores that likely facilitate ammonium cation binding. Analogous electronic properties of Pt3 C12 and Pt5 C20 homologs and selected equilibria are explored computationally.
Down-Regulation of a Profibrotic Transforming Growth Factor-β1/Cellular Communication Network Factor 2/Matrix Metalloprotease 9 Axis by Triamcinolone Improves Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis.

Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a progressive fibrotic disease characterized by life-threatening airway narrowing. Although the molecular underpinnings are unknown, previous reports showing that subglottic serial intralesional steroid injections (SILSIs) improve clinical outcomes suggest a steroid-sensitive pathway in iSGS. Herein, a prospective study was conducted to determine the changes in profibrotic markers during SILSI to identify steroid-sensitive profibrotic drivers. Seven newly diagnosed patients with iSGS were recruited for SILSI. Subglottic biopsies before and after SILSI treatments were evaluated for histologic and molecular markers by confocal microscopy and RT-qPCR. At baseline, iSGS subglottises contained abundant vimentin-positive/α-smooth muscle actin–negative fibroblasts, intermingled with a matrix of fibronectin and types I and VI collagen. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was up-regulated primarily in glandular epithelium. Cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2) was mainly up-regulated in stromal fibroblasts surrounding TGF-β1–positive glandular structures. SILSI improved iSGS by reducing fibroblast infiltration and increasing matrix remodeling. Mechanistically, SILSI counteracted the effects of TGF-β1 by inducing matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) expression while repressing CCN2 expression, without affecting TGFβ1 levels. Treatment of primary iSGS-derived fibroblasts with TGF-β1 recapitulated aspects of the disease in vivo, demonstrating that the induction in CCN2 and repression of MMP9 are caused by changes in histone acetylation induced by TGF-β1. Triamcinolone counteracted the coregulation of these genes by impairing SMAD2/3 binding to promoter regions, and not through histone acetylation. In conclusion, this study shows that SILSI counteracts a dysregulated TGF-β1/CCN2/MMP9 axis involved in iSGS development.
Overcoming Nuclear Winter: The Cutting-edge Science of Bone Healing and Regeneration in Irradiated Fields.

Background The incidence of cancer worldwide is expected to be more than 22 million annually by 2030. Approximately half of these patients will likely require radiation therapy. Although radiotherapy has been shown to improve disease control and increase survivorship, it also results in damage to adjacent healthy tissues, including the bone, which can lead to devastating skeletal complications, such as nonunion, pathologic fractures, and osteoradionecrosis. Pathologic fractures and osteoradionecrosis are ominous complications that can result in large bone and soft tissue defects requiring complex reconstruction. Current clinical management strategies for these conditions are suboptimal and dubious at best. The gold standard in treatment of severe radiation injury is free tissue transfer; however, this requires a large operation that is limited to select candidates. Methods With the goal to expand current treatment options and to assuage the devastating sequelae of radiation injury on surrounding normal tissue, our laboratory has performed years of translational studies aimed at remediating bone healing and regeneration in irradiated fields. Three therapeutics (amifostine, deferoxamine, and adipose-derived stem cells) have demonstrated great promise in promoting healing and regeneration of irradiated bone. Results Amifostine confers prophylactic protection, whereas deferoxamine and adipose-derived stem cells function to remediate postradiation associated injury. Conclusions These prospective therapeutics exploit a mechanism attributed to increasing angiogenesis and ultimately function to protect or restore cellularity, normal cellular function, osteogenesis, and bone healing to nonirradiated metrics. These discoveries may offer innovative treatment alternatives to free tissue transfer with the added benefit of potentially preventing and treating osteoradionecrosis and pathologic fractures.
Nativity Differences in Awareness and Knowledge About HPV Infection and Vaccination Among U.S. Adults: Findings from a National Population-Based Sample.

Foreign-born populations in the United States suffer multiple disparities related to human papillomavirus, including higher cervical cancer mortality and lower HPV vaccination. No nationally based studies have examined the relationship between nativity with HPV and HPV vaccination awareness and knowledge, especially examining acculturation, an immigration-specific process affecting health-related behaviors. We assessed nativity differences in HPV awareness and knowledge, and awareness of HPV vaccination using data from a population-based sample of adults in the U.S. (n = 2415). Among foreign-born respondents, we also assessed the association of acculturation with outcomes. Awareness of HPV and HPV vaccination were lower among foreign-born respondents compared to U.S.-born respondents. Knowledge of HPV was similar between populations. Acculturation was not associated with any of the assessed outcomes. Findings suggest HPV-related awareness deficits among foreign-born U.S. residents, highlighting a need for culturally-appropriate HPV prevention efforts.
Discrete cis-acting element regulates developmentally timed gene-lamina relocation and neural progenitor competence in vivo.

Summary The nuclear lamina is typically associated with transcriptional silencing, and peripheral relocation of genes highly correlates with repression. However, the DNA sequences and proteins regulating gene-lamina interactions are largely unknown. Exploiting the developmentally timed hunchback gene movement to the lamina in Drosophila neuroblasts, we identified a 250 bp intronic element (IE) both necessary and sufficient for relocation. The IE can target a reporter transgene to the lamina and silence it. Endogenously, however, hunchback is already repressed prior to relocation. Instead, IE-mediated relocation confers a heritably silenced gene state refractory to activation in descendent neurons, which terminates neuroblast competence to specify early-born identity. Surprisingly, we found that the Polycomb group chromatin factors bind the IE and are required for lamina relocation, revealing a nuclear architectural role distinct from their well-known function in transcriptional repression. Together, our results uncover in vivo mechanisms underlying neuroblast competence and lamina association in heritable gene silencing.