cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intellectual Property: A Human (Not Corporate) Right

This chapter seeks to distinguish between intellectual property rights the existing legal mechanisms for intellectual property protection – and the right to intellectual property. The right to intellectual property is a human right. Intellectual property rights, instrumental in nature and codified in legal frameworks around the world, are not. Rather, intellectual property rights as they exist are both over- and under-inclusive in their protection of the right to intellectual property. However, the right to intellectual property exists for everyone, and a human rights perspective on IP should change the framework by which we evaluate and construct the legal system, expose the flaws of a system designed to primarily protect corporate interests, and present possibilities for a more inclusive approach.The analysis begins in Part l with a discussion of the human right to the moral and material interests of creators, as that right has been embodied in an international human rights framework over time. In Part 2, I discuss intellectual property rights - their importance and relevance to the human rights detailed in Article l5(1)(c) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. Creations of the mind are not only fundamental to personhood and community, but they serve as a primary economic vehicle on the global stage and have the potential to facilitate the ability of creators to access an adequate standard of living in remote areas and disadvantaged communities. In Part 3, I discuss General Comment 17 of the CESCR, which gives guidance and effect to the human rights provisions found in Article 15(1)(c). I conclude that for the rights in Article 15(l)(c) to be realized, they must be perceived as a fundamental aspect of intellectual property law and policy. Protection and respect for the moral and material interests of creators, the right to intellectual property, is a human right; and as such, human rights discourse must inform intellectual property policy. This conclusion has implications both for the intellectual property law community and the human rights community: to forget that human creators are at the centre of scientific and artistic innovation works to the detriment of effective IP policy; to avoid the legal mechanism by which the rights of creators are protected works to the detriment of human rights.
Validity of Self-Reported Pre-Pregnancy Weight and Body Mass Index Classification in an Integrated Health Care Delivery System.

Background Self-reported weight prior to pregnancy is prone to error. We utilised a measured pre-conceptional weight from the electronic health record (EHR) to investigate error in recalled pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) category and compared how associations between pre-pregnancy BMI and pregnancy outcomes varied by using the two measures. Methods We assessed differences in means, correlations, and categorisation of pre-pregnancy BMI for 5092 singleton pregnancies delivered between 2007 and 2013 in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Associations between measured and self-reported BMI category and gestational diabetes, infant size for gestational age, and exceeding the Institute of Medicine gestational weight gain recommendations were assessed. Results Overall, the two measures assigned the same BMI category for 86.7% of women with higher risks of misclassification for overweight (Relative Risk (RR): 3.38, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.79, 4.10), obese class I (RR: 3.81, 95% CI 3.07, 4.75), and obese class II (RR: 1.80, 95% CI 1.28, 2.55) women compared to normal weight women. However, associations between self-reported or measured BMI category and several pregnancy outcomes were similar. Conclusions Despite misclassification, self-reported and measured pre-pregnancy weights were similarly associated with perinatal outcomes in this study population. Our results illustrate the value of the EHR for recording measured pre-pregnancy weight for use in research.
In Pursuit of Understanding Gender Strategy

Gender strategy may help us better grasp the perplexing phenomenon of working women who continue to struggle with managing career and the non-paying workload of household duties and childcare responsibilities. Gender strategy is composed of emotion management, self-perception and strategy of action. The topic of gender strategy primarily emerged from research conducted by Arlie R. Hochschild in the 1970s and 1980s but has since remained a dormant construct. A valuable tool to enlist gender strategy’s ability to predict and help explain behavior may be Hochschild’s gender ideology model. The rise in dual income households over the past several decades represents the increase of women entering the work force. Along with the employment opportunities came the disproportionate increase in non-work responsibilities for females versus males at home. Early research on dual income households and life balance for women led to groundbreaking work on emotion and the discovery of how couples coped with the changing roles women faced at home. Current research continues to look at these same issues that challenge women in dual income households in today’s society. Implications from conducting research employing gender strategy may help build a practical foundation that creates better understanding and expectations of roles for both men and women. This paper recommends gender strategy as an area of research and identifies methods for additional study.
Heterovalent Clusters: Ln4Se(SePh)8 (Ln4 = Sm4, Yb4, Sm2Yb2, Nd2Yb2)

The heterovalent (2 Ln2+, 2 Ln3+) tetranuclear (DME)4Ln4Se(SePh)8 clusters (Ln = Sm, Yb, Nd(III)/Yb(II), Sm(III)/Yb(II); DME = dimethoxyethane) can be prepared either by the reduction of Se−C bonds with Ln or by the reaction of Ln(SePh)2 with elemental Se in DME. The Sm(II) compound is difficult to isolate because it slowly redissolves after precipitation. The Yb4 compound and Nd2Yb2 compounds are considerably more stable, and can be isolated in higher yield. For the Ln = Sm4, Yb4, Sm2Yb2, and Nd2Yb2 clusters, low-temperature structural characterization reveals a square array of four metal ions with a crystallographically imposed disorder that renders the Ln(II) and Ln(III) sites indistinguishable; the Nd2Yb2 compound also crystallizes in a lattice-solvated unit cell in which there are distinct Ln(II)/Ln(III) metal ions. Connecting the four metals in all structures is a selenido ligand that caps the square array of Ln ions, and pairs of SePh ligands that bridge each of the four edges, with a chelating DME...
Simple Figure of Merit for Diodes in Optical Rectennas

Harvesting infrared and visible light energy using optical rectennas—diode-coupled optical antennas—is strongly dependent on the diode current–voltage characteristics. Predicting the conversion efficiency is an arduous procedure that involves calculating the efficiency by solving the nonlinear diode circuit using the theory of photon-assisted tunneling (PAT). Because of the complexity of the calculations, many rectenna diodes have been reported without indications of how well these diodes will actually function in a rectenna. To provide a quick assessment of the diodes’ usefulness in optical rectennas, we provide a figure of merit ( FOM ) that incorporates the diodes’ current–voltage and capacitance, the antenna radiation resistance, and the illumination parameters.
"But Who, They?": Pynchon's Political Allegory

While many books on Pynchon appeal to conceptual paradigms to make their points, The Postmodernist Allegories of Thomas Pynchon depends on organizing principles to govern it. This, Deborah Madsen says, is among her reasons for using the context of the allegorical tradition–that it provides a stable set of terms with which to investigate Pynchon's postmodernism (2). The book formulates an intelligent argument that is largely coherent and unflagging in language and focus. It succeeds in articulating what is sure to become a standard interpretation of Pynchon's work. But having raised such large topics as postmodernism, allegory, and narrative, and having engaged to discuss all of Pynchon's fiction, the book chews more than it can digest in 134 pages. It may be that all ambitious books fail to some extent in this way, and must gesture towards topics beyond their reach; Madsen's book courts this charge because it ignores a few relevant theoretical and literary contexts (while unfurling to some length the banner of theoretical/contextual engagement), and because it generalizes where it should work more with the text.
Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and thiamphenicol residues in milk by gas chromatography with electron capture detection

A gas chromatographic (GC) method is described for determining residues of chloramphenicol (CAP), florfenicol (FF), and thiamphenicol (TAP) in raw milk, with meta-nitrochloramphenicol (mCAP) as internal standard. Milk is extracted with acetonitrile, centrifuged, evaporated, reconstituted in water, and passed through a C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) column. The SPE column is eluted with 60% methanol, and then the eluate is evaporated and derivatized with Sylon BFT ?N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide [BSTFA]-trimethylchlorosilane [TMCS], 99 + 1?. After derivatization, toluene is added directly to the sample, followed by water, to quench the derivatization process. After centrifugation, the organic layer is carefully removed. Analytes are determined by GC with electron capture detection (ECD). Milk was fortified with fenicols (the collective name for CAP, FF, and TAP) at 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ng/mL (target level = 10 ng/mL). Overall recoveries were 92, 100, and 104% for CAP, FF, and TAP, respectively. Overall interassay (between-day) variabilities were 6.1, 6.7, and 6.0% for CAP, FF, and TAP, respectively. Raw milk samples containing incurred residues of FF were also analyzed.
The pattern of campaniform sensilla on the wing and haltere of Drosophila melanogaster and several of its homeotic mutants

A detailed mapping and description of campaniform sensilla on the wing and haltere of Drosophila melanogaster is provided. Six types of sensilla are distinguished. Similarities in the pattern of their distribution on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of each appendage, as well as between the wing and haltere, are apparent. These data are used to assess the quality of homeotic transformation in several mutants of the bithorax complex in which the halteres are transformed into wings. Flies homozygous for abxbx3pbx produce a complete inventory of wing sensilla on the homeotic appendage. In abx, bx3 and bx3pbx homozygotes the transformation of haltere into wing is incomplete, and each mutant shows characteristic fields of haltere and wing sensilla. It appears that specific regions of the anterior haltere compartment require different combinations of mutant alleles to produce a distinct homeotic transformation. Furthermore, the pbx mutation appears to influence expression of the bx3 mutation within the anterior compartment.
Body Temperatures and Behavior of Captive Cheirogaleids

The behavior of dwarf and mouse lemurs is of particular interest to primatologists since some species are thought to resemble the earliest prosimians in terms of their small body size and bush habitat (Charles-Dominque and Martin, 1970; Cartmill, 1972). Species of both dwarf and mouse lemurs are said to exhibit lethargy (von Weidholz, 1932; Petter, 1962), but no study of the thermoregulatory physiology of these prosimians has been reported. I report here the preliminary results of a laboratory study conducted in an effort to determine possible daily or annual patterns of change in the body temperatures or behavior of the lesser mouse lemur, Microcebus murinus, and the fat-tailed dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus medius.
The Impact of External Factors on Virtual Teams: Comparative Cases

Practitioners and researchers need to pay attention to how corporate organizing structures are impacting and are impacted by virtual work environments. Virtual teams are powerful organizing mechanisms, but they are not without limitations. This chapter reports on two cases in which dynamics outside the virtual project teams powerfully affected the teams. These cases, both based on studies of real project teams operating inside corporations, highlight the desirability of understanding virtual teams in context. While external factors are not unique to teamwork, their role has not been explored in depth in research on virtual teams. Dynamic forces outside teams seem more difficult to anticipate and to identify when team members are working virtually, and these powerful but invisible dynamics can be frustrating to virtual team leaders and members. Concluded in this chapter is that contrary to initial expectations, virtual teams are not This chapter appears in the book, Virtual Teams: Projects, Protocols and Processes, edited by David Pauleen. Copyright © 20 4, Idea Group Inc. permis ion of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING The Impact of External Factors on Virtual Teams 71 Copyright © 2004, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. replacing traditional forms of organizing. They are coexisting with traditional forms and dynamics, such as business drivers, hierarchies, departments, strategic priorities, and business needs. This coexistence can be fraught with conflict.
Human Rights as Liberatory Social Thought

Eze focuses on the macro instances of human rights abuses in society as seen through the lens of the abuse of women and children. “Human Rights as Liberatory Social Thought” engages Atta’s Everything Good Will Come (2004) and Swallow (2010). Eze examines the breakdown in intersubjectivity between men and women as well as in society as a whole. It pays particular attention to the dignities of children and the rights of women as correlative to that in society. “Human Rights as Liberatory Social Thought” concludes by showing the connection between patriarchal abuses in the family and military abuses in society.
Stem Cell Transplant without Growth Factor In Multiple Myeloma: Engraftment Kinetics, Bacteremia, and Hospitalization.

Abstract 3469 Introduction: Stem cell transplantation is important in the management of multiple myeloma. In the United States, the standard of care is administration of growth factors to accelerate neutrophil recovery after stem cell transplant. The need for growth factors after transplant has not been investigated recently. Patients: We analyzed a cohort of 166 patients at our institution who underwent autologous transplant for multiple myeloma without receiving growth factors after transplant and compared them with 498 patients who received standard filgrastim beginning on posttransplant day 5. TABLE Results: A neutrophil count of 500/μL was achieved in a median of 12.5 days in patients receiving growth factor, compared with 13.5 days in those not receiving growth factor ( P P =.12) in both groups, despite a lower median number of CD34+ cells infused in patients who did not receive growth factors. Incidence of nonstaphylococcal bacteremia was identical in both groups. The median hospital stay was 3.5 days shorter in the group not receiving growth factor. Bacteremia impacted platelet but not neutrophil engraftment. Figure 2 Conclusion: It is feasible and reasonable to perform autologous stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma without administering growth factors. Estimated savings would be $4,600 for each transplanted patient. Growth factor administration is not required for a safe outcome and decreases the number and severity of some of the fluid-related complications after transplant such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, allergic reactions, alveolar hemorrhage, and rarely splenic rupture. Disclosures: Gertz: Celgene: Honoraria; Millenium: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Lacy: Celgene: Research Funding. Dispenzieri: Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Binding Site: Honoraria. Kumar: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding; Merck: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Genzyme: Consultancy, Research Funding; Cephalon: Research Funding.
The molecular basis of mTORC1-regulated translation

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a master regulator of cell growth throughout eukaryotes. The pathway senses nutrient and other growth signals, and then orchestrates the complex systems of anabolic and catabolic metabolism that underpin the growth process. A central target of mTOR signaling is the translation machinery. mTOR uses a multitude of translation factors to drive the bulk production of protein that growth requires, but also to direct a post-transcriptional program of growth-specific gene expression. This review will discuss current understanding of how mTOR controls these mechanisms and their functions in growth control.
Characterization of extreme ultraviolet laser ablation mass spectrometry for actinide trace analysis and nanoscale isotopic imaging

We demonstrate a new technique for trace analysis that has nanometer scale resolution imaging capability: Extreme Ultraviolet Time-of-Flight Laser Ablation Mass Spectrometry (EUV TOF). We describe the characterization of this technique and discuss its advantages. Using the well-standardized NIST 61x glasses, the results show the EUV TOF spectra contain well defined signatures of U, Th, and their oxides, with far fewer spectral interferences than observed in Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS TOF). We demonstrate that the ratio of U and Th ions to the oxide ion signatures is adjustable with EUV laser pulse energy. Sample utilization efficiency (SUE) which measures the ratio of detected ions to atoms in the ablated volume was used as a measure of trace analysis sensitivity of EUV TOF. For U and Th, SUE is 0.014% and 0.017%, respectively, which is comparable to SIMS TOF in the same mass range. In imaging mode EUV TOF is capable to map variations in composition with a lateral resolution of 80 nm. Such high lateral resolution enabled mapping of the isotope distribution of 238U and 235U in closely spaced micron-size uranium oxide particles from isotope standard materials. Trace elemental sensitivity and nanometer spatial resolution gives EUV TOF great potential to dramatically improve the state-of-the-art laser ablation/ionization mass spectrometry and elemental spectro-microscopy for applications such as geochemical, forensic and environmental analysis.
Multiscale crystal defect dynamics: A coarse-grained lattice defect model based on crystal microstructure

Abstract Crystal defects have microstructure, and this microstructure should be related to the microstructure of the original crystal. Hence each type of crystals may have similar defects due to the same failure mechanism originated from the same microstructure, if they are under the same loading conditions. In this work, we propose a multiscale crystal defect dynamics (MCDD) model that models defects by considering its intrinsic microstructure derived from the microstructure or material genome of the original perfect crystal. The main novelties of present work are: (1) the discrete exterior calculus and algebraic topology theory are used to construct a scale-up (coarse-grained) dual lattice model for crystal defects, which may represent all possible defect modes inside a crystal; (2) a higher order Cauchy–Born rule (up to the fourth order) is adopted to construct atomistic-informed constitutive relations for various defect process zones, and (3) an hierarchical strain gradient theory based finite element formulation is developed to support an hierarchical multiscale cohesive (process) zone model for various defects in a unified formulation. The efficiency of MCDD computational algorithm allows us to simulate dynamic defect evolution at large scale while taking into account atomistic interaction. The MCDD model has been validated by comparing of the results of MCDD simulations with that of molecular dynamics (MD) in the cases of nanoindentation and uniaxial tension. Numerical simulations have shown that MCDD model can predict dislocation nucleation induced instability and inelastic deformation, and thus it may provide an alternative solution to study crystal plasticity.
Monoclonal Antibodies for Atopic Dermatitis: Progress and Potential

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex and heterogeneous inflammatory skin disorder with a profound symptom and lesional burden. Moderate-to-severe AD is particularly challenging to manage, as topical treatments are often inadequate and the systemic immunosuppressants are limited by concerns of toxicity and tolerability. Recent AD research has elucidated the mechanisms and immunologic factors involved in AD pathogenesis. These breakthroughs have led to the development of multiple therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that are directed against specific immunologic targets. This review provides an overview on the pathogenesis of AD as well as the rationale for the targets of various monoclonal antibodies. Additionally, this review explores the efficacy and safety of use for various monoclonal antibodies in the management of AD, as well as the potential role of these agents in the treatment of AD.
Teaching Race and Social Justice at a Predominantly White Institution

At our predominantly white university, students often shy away from controversial conversations. How can the classroom encourage students to value and engage in potentially explosive conversations?...
Identifying Human Trafficking Victims on a Psychiatry Inpatient Service: a Case Series

Human trafficking is a serious and prevalent human rights violation that closely intersects with mental health. Limited empirical attention has been paid to the presentations and identification of trafficking victims in psychiatric settings. The primary goal of this paper is to describe the varied presentations of trafficking victims on an urban inpatient psychiatric unit. A literature review was conducted to identify relevant empirical articles to inform our examination of cases. Adult inpatient cases meeting criteria for known or possible human trafficking were systematically identified and illustrative cases were described. Six cases were identified including one male and five females. Two had been labor trafficked and four were suspected or confirmed to have been sex trafficked. The cases demonstrated a tremendous diversity of demographic and psychiatric identifying factors. These cases indicate the importance of routinely screening for trafficking victims in inpatient psychiatry settings. Identification of cases is a requisite step in providing informed and evidence-based treatments and enabling the secondary prevention of re-exploitation. Additional research is warranted given the limited current empirical research on this topic area.
The Association between Heavy Episodic Drinking and Gender Orientation among U.S. College Students: The Significance of Masculinity.

ABSTRACTBackground: Heavy episodic drinking (HED) remains a public health concern among college students. Sex differences are routinely reported in the literature although some evidence of convergence in drinking patterns has been observed. The association between sex and gender-orientation in HED remains unclear because sex and gender are often conflated. Objective: We examine the intersection of sex, gender-orientation and HED to determine if gender-orientation alone and/or in conjunction with sex play a role in HED among college students. Methods: Data were collected using a web-based self-administered survey made available to students enrolled in courses at a mid-sized Midwestern public university during the Fall of 2013 and the Spring of 2014 (N = 793). Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between HED, sex, and gender orientation (measured using the short-form Bem Sex Role Inventory). Results: Our findings indicate that, regardless of sex, a masculine gender-orientation...
Closed-loop control of zebrafish behaviour in three dimensions using a robotic stimulus.

Robotics is continuously being integrated in animal behaviour studies to create customizable, controllable, and repeatable stimuli. However, few systems have capitalized on recent breakthroughs in computer vision and real-time control to enable a two-way interaction between the animal and the robot. Here, we present a “closed-loop control” system to investigate the behaviour of zebrafish, a popular animal model in preclinical studies. The system allows for actuating a biologically-inspired 3D-printed replica in a 3D workspace, in response to the behaviour of a zebrafish. We demonstrate the role of closed-loop control in modulating the response of zebrafish, across a range of behavioural and information-theoretic measures. Our results suggest that closed-loop control could enhance the degree of biomimicry of the replica, by increasing the attraction of live subjects and their interaction with the stimulus. Interactive experiments hold promise to advance our understanding of zebrafish, offering new means for high throughput behavioural phenotyping.
Standing Balance on Unsteady Surfaces in Children on the Autism Spectrum: The Effects of IQ.

Abstract Background Postural stability difficulties are commonly reported in people on the autism spectrum. However, it is unclear whether unsteady surfaces may exacerbate postural stability difficulties in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Understanding balance on unsteady surfaces is important because uneven surfaces are commonly encountered in daily life. Methods Twenty-one youth on the autism spectrum and 16 youth with typical development (ages 6–16 years, IQ ≥ 79) stood on both a fixed and unsteady (tiltable) platform, and center of pressure was measured. Results The group with ASD exhibited differentially more postural sway on the unsteady surface compared to the group with typical development. However, there was substantial variability within the ASD group. Follow-up analyses suggested that much of the variability in postural sway in the ASD group was accounted for by IQ. Conclusions Clinically, these findings suggest that not all individuals with ASD struggle more with postural stability on unsteady surfaces. Instead children and adolescents with ASD and below-average IQ may have particular difficulty on unsteady surfaces and may require accommodations. Further, these findings lay the groundwork for future research to investigate the underlying mechanisms of poorer balance across the autism spectrum.
“Avant-Garde Film” Goes Digital Video: How Does the United States Fund Digital Video Art and Experimental Filmmaking?

This chapter examines some of the history and theory regarding funding of digital video art and experimental filmmaking. It aims at discerning changes in practices and definitions driven by the current pervasion of digital technologies. I argue that some of the aesthetic styles and content formats of digital video art and experimental film have been co-opted both by “mainstream” Hollywood cinema and by independent and do-it-yourself (DIY) video culture . I shall discuss that this process of technology-driven “mainstreaming” not only redefines the culture of digital video art and experimental filmmaking but also opens up new opportunities for the artist and, importantly, challenges the existing funding ecosystem for digital video art and experimental filmmaking. Relying on interviews with contemporary filmmakers, correspondence with funders, and literature on the topic of funding in digital video art and experimental filmmaking in the United States, the chapter explores that public funding, in the US context, requires digital video art and experimental film artists to work with small budgets, piecemeal funding from local and private sources and support from academia.
Cardiovascular screening of Olympic athletes reported by chief medical officers of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games

Objective The IOC recommends periodic cardiovascular screening of athletes, but the adoption of these recommendations is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate and compare cardiovascular screening practices of countries participating in the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. Methods A list of chief medical officers (CMOs) was compiled by the IOC during the 2016 Olympic Games. CMOs were requested to complete an online survey about cardiovascular screening of their countries’ Olympic athletes. Comparisons of screening practices were made by categorising countries by continent, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and size of athlete delegation. Results CMOs for 117/207 (56.5%) countries participating in the 2016 Olympic Games were identified. 94/117 countries (80.3%) completed the survey, representing 45.4% of all countries and 8805/11 358 (77.5%) of all 2016 Olympic athletes. Most of the countries surveyed (70.2%) perform annual cardiovascular screening. Among the survey respondents, all or most athletes from each country were screened at least once with the following components: personal history (86.2% of countries), family history (85.1%), physical examination (87.2%), resting ECG (74.5%), echocardiogram (31.9%) and stress test (30.8%). Athletes were more likely to be screened with ECG in countries with relatively larger athlete delegation (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.80, p=0.023) and with higher GDP per capita (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.57, p=0.014). Conclusion Most of the responding countries perform annual cardiovascular screening of Olympic athletes, but there are differences in the components used. Athletes from countries with larger athlete delegations and higher GDP per capita were more likely to be screened with ECG.
Efficient Wireless Power Transfer for Heterogeneous Adaptive IoT Systems

To support the demand for energy autonomy, many of the future IoT edge devices will be powered from non-conventional, energy harvesting and wireless power sources. While convenient, sustainable, and robust, wireless power transfer (WPT) exhibits limited efficiency compared with the traditional wired power approaches, presenting a primary design challenge for practical IoT systems. Non-radiative mid-range WPT from a single power source to several power loads and from several power sources to a single power load has recently been experimentally demonstrated. Alternatively, WPT among multiple, simultaneously transmitting and receiving devices is a primary concern in future IoT systems with numerous interconnected heterogeneous objects. Furthermore, the dynamic nature of certain distributed IoT systems has a significant effect on WPT interactions among the numerous, mobile in space power devices. WPT that exploits the lossless characteristics of strong-coupled resonant regime is explored in this work as a method for efficiently transferring power among multiple, dynamically connected and disconnected IoT end devices. The efficiency of the power transfer is investigated in dense and sparse IoT systems in terms of the number of IoT devices located within limited space. Based on the results of this work, interactions among wirelessly powered devices have significant effect on the power transfer. Efficiency of power transfer increases with increasing transmitter-receiver coupling. Alternatively, densely clustered power transmitters or receivers may degrade the system-wide power transfer and efficiency. Intuition behind systematically optimized utilization of the WPT-based energy budget in future IoT systems is also provided.
Giant-cell tumor of the tendon sheath arising from the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee: A case report and review of the literature

The localized form of a giant-cell tumor of the tendon sheath is uncommon and rarely intraarticular. While the sonographic findings are nonspecific, the magnetic resonance (MR) findings can be diagnostic. Relatively homogeneous iso- or marginal hyperintensity on T2-weighted sequences, lack of susceptibility effects due to hemosiderin, the demonstration of a fibrous capsule and the absence of adjacent joint involvement may help to differentiate localized and diffuse forms of giant-cell tumors of tendon sheaths and pigmented villonodular synovitis.
Pathologic Changes in Olfactory Neurons in Alzheimer's Diseasea

Olfactory deficits and degenerative changes in central olfactory pathways are prominent in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that peripheral olfactory neurons that reside in the nasal epithelium would show degenerative changes similar to the characteristic pathologic features of AD brain. Immunohistochemical studies of nasal tissue taken at autopsy reveal extensive degeneration in the sensory epithelium as well as abnormal neurites that share immunoreactive epitopes with dystrophic neurites and neurofibrillary tangles of the AD brain. The neuritic masses are stained with well-characterized monoclonal antibodies that do not normally stain olfactory neurons but which are very reactive with dystrophic neuritic structures and neurofibrillary tangles in AD brain. These include antibodies to phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated neurofilament subunits, tau, and also ALZ50, which is characteristically reactive with AD but not with normal brains. Such changes are present in 81% of AD patients. Similar accumulations of ectopic neurites are found in the olfactory epithelium of about 22% of non-demented patients. Preliminary statistical analysis fails to reveal any age-linked association. It has been proposed that the aged monkey is a good model for AD inasmuch as amyloid accumulations similar to those of humans are found in monkey brain. We examined a series of 13 rhesus monkeys, including aged animals with behavioral deficits. Although the olfactory epithelium was very similar to that of humans, no abnormal olfactory structures were observed. Aged rhesus monkeys do not appear to be a good model for the neuritic abnormalities of AD.
Mechanisms of Immune Modulation by Xenobiotics

This article discusses the current state of an important aspect of toxicology, namely, the effects of xenobiotics on the mammalian immune system. Historically, immunotoxicology has emphasized the suppressive effects of xenobiotics and radiation on the immune system, and thus, mechanisms of immunosuppression have been intensely investigated. Research of drug-induced hypersensitivity also has a long history. Conversely, research into immune-enhancing effects (commonly summarized under the terms immunostimulation or immunomodulation) of xenobiotics and physical agents has only been intensified during the last decade. A similar paucity of information applies to xenobiotic-induced autoimmunity. This article provides a broad overview on immunosuppressive effects of toxicants, while focusing on recent research on immunostimulatory autoimmunity-inducing effects of xenobiotics. Special emphasis is placed on discussing the mechanisms that govern the effects of xenobiotics on the immune system and on future research directions.
Last year of life of adolescent young adult (AYA) oncology patients: Inpatient utilization.

e18047Background: Studies of AYA oncology patients’ end-of-life care utilization are critical as cancer is the leading cause of non-accidental AYA death and end-of-life care contributes significant...
Filling in the phylogenetic gaps: Induction, migration, and differentiation of neural crest cells in a squamate reptile, the veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus)

Neural crest cells comprise a migratory progenitor cell population that differentiate into cell types such as neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, pigment cells, hormone secreting cells in glands, and skeletal and connective tissue in the head, thus making important contributions to most tissues and organs throughout the vertebrate body. The evolutionary appearance of neural crest cells is considered synonymous with the origin of vertebrates and their subsequent diversification and radiation. While the comparative biology of neural crest cells has been studied for a century and a half beginning with their discovery by Wilhelm His in 1868, most of our understanding of their development and function has come from a small number of species. Thus, critical gaps exist in our understanding of how neural crest cells mediate evolution and development. This is particularly true with respect to squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes, amphisbaenians), which account for approximately one-third of all living tetrapods. Here, we present veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) as a model system for studying neural crest cell development in squamates. Chameleons exhibit various morphological specializations associated with an arboreal lifestyle that may have been facilitated through neural crest cells acting as a conduit for evolutionary change.
Neuromuscular Control of Vertical Jumps in Female Adolescents

Background:Poor landing mechanics are considered deficits in neuromuscular control and risk factors for lower extremity injury. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) has been used to assess the n...
Complications During Mechanical Thrombectomy: Pitfalls and Bailouts

Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke has evolved significantly in the last few years, becoming the standard of care for selected patients. However, there are some potential complications that every neurointerventionalist should take into consideration when performing these procedures. In this chapter, we aim to discuss some of the most important complications during mechanical thrombectomy and provide practical tips to avoid pitfalls and to correctly treat them.
Vocal Turn-Taking Between Mothers and Their Children With Cochlear Implants.

Objectives The primary objective of the study was to examine the occurrence and temporal structure of vocal turn-taking during spontaneous interactions between mothers and their children with cochlear implants (CI) over the first year after cochlear implantation as compared with interactions between mothers and children with normal hearing (NH). Design Mothers' unstructured play sessions with children with CI (n = 12) were recorded at 2 time points, 3 months (mean age 18.3 months) and 9 months (mean age 27.5 months) post-CI. A separate control group of mothers with age-matched hearing children (n = 12) was recorded at the same 2 time points. Five types of events were coded: mother and child vocalizations, vocalizations including speech overlap, and between- and within-speaker pauses. We analyzed the proportion of child and mother vocalizations involved in turn-taking, the temporal structure of turn-taking, and the temporal reciprocity of turn-taking using proportions of simultaneous speech and the duration of between- and within-speaker pauses. Results The CI group produced a significantly smaller proportion of vocalizations in turn-taking than the NH group at the first session; however, CI children's proportion of vocalizations in turn-taking increased over time. There was a significantly larger proportion of simultaneous speech in the CI compared with the NH group at the first session. The CI group produced longer between-speaker pauses as compared with those in the NH group at the first session with mothers decreasing the duration of between-speaker pauses over time. NH infants and mothers in both groups produced longer within- than between-speaker pauses but CI infants demonstrated the opposite pattern. In addition, the duration of mothers' between-speaker pauses (CI and NH) was predicted by the duration of the infants' between-speaker pauses. Conclusions Vocal turn-taking and timing in both members of the dyad, the mother and infant, were sensitive to the experiential effects of child hearing loss and remediation with CI. Child hearing status affected dyad-specific coordination in the timing of responses between mothers and their children.
The Role of Sleep in Psychological Well-Being in Athletes

Sleep is an important factor that can directly influence the mental well-being of athletes. There exists a number of theories regarding the purpose of sleep, though data and consensus opinion supporting these theories remain limited. Sleep consists of a number of different phases, and a disruption of the sleep cycle can impact sleep quality and function in athletes and active people. Sleep can be both a precipitant and a consequence of mental health disorders, and there are a number of sleep-specific disorders that can impact athletic performance. Sleep optimization begins with understanding the problem at hand, conducting appropriate studies if needed, and providing education and treatments to reduce or eliminate risk factors and maladaptive behaviors. A number of medications may impact sleep type and sleep quality and, in some instances, may be used to promote sleep onset and treat insomnia.
The persistent protest cycle: A case study of contained political incorporation:

For more than a decade, widespread protests have erupted within South Africa’s impoverished black townships and informal settlements. The mobilizations resembled what Sidney Tarrow refers to as a ‘...
Laboratory assessment of the direct oral anticoagulants: who can benefit?

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban, are widely used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation as well as for prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Although DOACs do not require routine laboratory monitoring of anticoagulant effect, there are special situations in which laboratory assessment may be warranted. Laboratory tests include quantitative assays, which measure plasma DOAC levels, and qualitative or semi-quantitative assays, which may be used to screen for the presence of clinically relevant DOAC levels. Indications for laboratory assessment include emergent indications (serious bleeding, urgent surgery, acute ischemic stroke with consideration of thrombolysis) and elective indications (extremes of bodyweight, renal hypo- or hyperfunction, liver disease, suspected drug-drug interactions, suspected gastrointestinal malabsorption). In general, quantitative assays that measure DOAC levels may be used for elective indications, whereas screening assays may be necessary for emergent indications if a quantitative assay with sufficiently rapid turnaround time is not available. Therapeutic ranges for DOACs have not been defined. In lieu of therapeutic ranges, data from pharmacokinetic studies may be used to determine whether a patient’s plasma DOAC level falls within the expected range. If it does not, a change in therapy may be warranted. Depending on the clinical scenario, a change in therapy may involve adjustment of the DOAC dose, a change to a different DOAC, or a change to a different class of anticoagulant.
Estimating Operational Age of an Integrated Circuit

Recycling of used ICs as new replacement parts in maintaining older electronic systems is a serious reliability concern. This paper presents a novel approach to estimate the operational age of CMOS chips by measuring IDDQ, the quiescent current from power supply or the total leakage current in steady state. This current decreases as the circuit ages, largely due to the increase in the magnitude of the PMOS transistor threshold voltage caused by negative bias temperature instability (NBTI). We exploit the fact that the impact of NBTI on an individual transistor depends upon the operational stress based upon the duration of its ON state. Novelty of our technique is a normalized difference, ΔI, computed from current measurements at two input test patterns and is proposed as a self referencing circuit age indicator. The first pattern is chosen such that its IDDQ is controlled by a large number of minimally stressed PMOS transistors; for the other the IDDQ is controlled by approximately equal number of highly stressed PMOS transistors. The difference between these two IDDQ values increases with the circuit age. This approach requires no hardware modification in the circuit and, hence, can be applied to legacy ICs. Simulation results show that we can reliably identify recycled ICs that have been used for as little as six months.
Friction, Competition, or Cooperation? Menu of Choice for the United States and China—A Power Transition Perspective

This chapter analyzes the relations between the United States and China in the twenty-first century in the context of power transition theory. The theory predicts violent or peaceful transitions of global leadership based on two factors: power parity/predominance and status quo satisfaction/dissatisfaction. In light of the theory, the chapter systematically examines the power distribution between the United States and China as well as their institutional similarities or dissimilarities and areas of potential conflict and cooperation.
Mapping the SV40 Integration Sites in SV40-Transformed Human Cells

Since somatic cell hybrids between rodent cells derived from continuous cell lines and human cells lose (segregate) human chromosomes (Weiss and Green, 1967), it becomes possible to map human genes to specific human chromosomes (Ruddle, 1973) by determining whether the expression of a given human phenotype segregates concordantly with the presence of a specific human chromosome in the hybrid cells. Cells derived from different mammalian species, including man (Girardi et al., 1965), can be transformed by the small DNA tumor virus, simian virus 40 (SV40). The SV40 genome becomes covalently linked to cellular DNA in these cells (Sambrook et al., 1968), which also express a nuclear tumor (T) antigen (Black. et al., 1963), apparently coded by a viral gene (Tegtmeyer, 1974), and a tumor specific transplantation antigen on the cell surface (Habel, 1965). Fusion of T antigen-positive with T antigen-negative cells results in the production of heterokaryons which express T antigen in the nuclei derived from both parent cells (Steplewski et. al., 1968) and in the production of T antigenpositive and negative hybrid cells (Weiss, 1970).
Catecholamine enhancement of Aeromonas hydrophila growth.

Several species of bacteria have been shown to respond to the administration of norepinephrine and other catecholamines with increased growth (in culture) and virulence. In this study, we examined the effects of catecholamines on the growth of cultures of Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative bacillus found in brackish water. Bacterial cultures were maintained in tryptic soy both, then washed free of medium and transferred to a bovine serum-supplemented minimal salts medium. Treatment of A. hydrophila cultures with 10(-3)to 10(-5)M norepinephrine resulted in dramatic increases in growth at 24 h and longer, as assessed by spot plate analysis on tryptic soy agar plates. Norepinephrine-treated cultures had 4.5 log greater bacterial numbers than control cultures. Epinephrine, dopamine and isoproterenol were shown to be similarly effective in enhancing growth of A. hydrophila, over narrower concentration ranges. Acetylcholine supplementation of cultures did not alter the growth of A. hydrophila. Serotonin slightly enhanced Aeromonas growth when administered at very high concentrations (10(-3)M). The increased growth observed after catecholamine administration may alter the capacity to infect an animal under stressful conditions, and is another potential mechanism by which a stress response can affect susceptibility to disease.
ASIA, EAST | Historical Archaeology

This article provides a brief overview of historical archaeology in China, Korea, and Japan that discusses the context within which historical archaeology developed in each; the nature of the historical sources and how this has affected their use; some of the major research questions of interest to historical archaeologists in these countries; and a few of the major historical archaeological projects.