cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved fracture prediction using different fracture risk assessment tool adjustments in HIV-infected women.

Objectives:A fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) using clinical risk factors (CRFs) alone underestimates fracture risk in HIV-infected men. Our objective was to determine whether accuracy of FRAX would be improved by considering HIV as a cause of secondary osteoporosis, and further improved with ad
Dyhard-DNN: even more DNN acceleration with dynamic hardware reconfiguration

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have demonstrated their utility across a wide range of input data types, usable across diverse computing substrates, from edge devices to datacenters. This broad utility has resulted in myriad hardware accelerator architectures. However, DNNs exhibit significant heterogeneity in their computational characteristics, e.g., feature and kernel dimensions, and dramatic variances in computational intensity, even between adjacent layers in one DNN. Consequently, accelerators with static hardware parameters run sub-optimally and leave energy-efficiency margins unclaimed. We propose DyHard-DNNs, where accelerator microarchitectural parameters are dynamically reconfigured during DNN execution to significantly improve metrics of interest. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach on a configurable SIMD 2D systolic array and show a 15--65% performance improvement (at iso-power) and 25--90% energy improvement (at iso-latency) over the best static configuration in six mainstream DNN workloads.
EFFECT OF SPINDLE ACCELERATION ON THE FRICTION OF HEAD-DISK INTERFACE

We systematically studied the effect of disk acceleration on the friction of the head-disk interface in a hard disk drive. As a result, we found that the fricuonal energy can be reduced by the way in which head passes through a region of relatively low linear speed with a relatively high acceleration. We also found that the kinetic fiictional force is independent of the acceleration, and the curve of the frictional force's dependence on linear velocity is well correlates witii the disk surface roughness or lubricant thickness. In addition, we studied the dependence of the static friction force on the spin-up spindle acceleration. The peak stiction force is strongly correlated the loading rate of the external force, especially when the contact area is wide.
Evolution and Games: Replicator Dynamics

We present a selective survey of work on evolutionary models of dynamics in games. We focus on the continuous time replicator dynamics and report convergence results for specific classes of games.
Human Dignity in Brazilian Law: A Founding Principle of Laws and Court Judgements

Following the democratization of Brazil, the country’s legal system evolved towards that of a Romano-Germanic one, with its adoption of the 1988 Constitution. The new Constitution raised the principle of the dignity of the human person to the rank of a “pillar”, on which rest other fundamental rights, ones that serve as guidelines for the interpretation and application of the law. After its incorporation into legislative and regulatory texts, the principle of dignity aims to strengthen or supplant gradually the rights already in existence. In the context of legal issues related to biomedicine, this principle has a prominent place. Before discussing its application within biomedical legal contexts, it is important to recognize its widespread significance and legal applications within case law, in general. In order to demonstrate the applications and significance of this principle in Brazilian law, it is important to note its legal recognition by the law and by case law (1), before focusing on the specific application of this principle in relation to biomedical practices (2).
Identification of expression and function of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in colonic smooth muscle

The insulinotropic effects of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are mediated via GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) present on pancreatic β cells. GLP-1 causes a decrease in the motility of stomach and intestine which involves both central and peripheral nervous systems. The expression and function of GLP-1R in gastrointestinal smooth muscle, however, are not clear. Muscle strips and isolated muscle cells were prepared from mouse colon and the effect of GLP-1(7-36) amide on acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction was measured. Muscle cells in culture were used to identify the expression of GLP-1R and the signaling pathways activated by GLP-1(7-36) amide. GLP-1R was expressed in the mucosal and non-mucosal tissue preparations derived from colon, and in smooth muscle cell cultures devoid of other cells such as enteric neurons. In colonic muscle strips, the addition of GLP-1(7-36) amide caused dose-dependent inhibition of acetylcholine-induced contractions. The effect of GLP-1(7-36) amide was partly inhibited by the neuronal blocker tetrodotoxin and nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor l-NNA suggesting both NO-dependent neural and NO-independent direct effects on smooth muscle. In isolated colonic smooth muscle cells, GLP-1(7-36) amide caused an increase in Gαs activity, cAMP levels, and PKA activity, and inhibited ACh-induced contraction. The effect of GLP-1(7-36) amide on Gαs activity and cAMP levels was blocked by NF449, an inhibitor of Gαs, and the effect of GLP-1(7-36) amide on contraction was blocked by NF449 and myristoylated PKI, an inhibitor of PKA. We conclude that colonic smooth muscle cells express GLP-1R, and GLP-1(7-36) amide inhibits acetylcholine-induced contraction via GLP-1R coupled to the Gαs/cAMP/PKA pathway.
An Investigation of Structural and Optical Properties of CuS Thin Film Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition

Thin film of copper sulfide (CuS) with three molar concentrate of Thiouria (NH2)2CS (TU) (0.03,0.05 and 0.08) M and Copper Chloride CuCl2.2H2O with molar ratio (0.01) M have been prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique on glass substrates at (75?C), for one hour. As deposition and annealed films were studied, the results of X-ray diffraction showed that the films were polycrystalline with Hexagonal structure. The optical properties of CuS thin films recording by the transmittance and absorbance spectrum for wave length range (300-1100) nm, the results showed that the transmittance increases with increasing molar concentration of Sulfide source (TU) for as deposited and annealed films. It is noticed that the electronic transitions is directly allowed transition and the values of energy gap ranging between (1.3 ? 2.2) eV corresponding to increasing of molar concentration of Thiouria. The purpose of the research is to study the compositional, optical and electrical properties of the prepared films and study the effect of sulfur exporters, On the structural and optical properties.
Suggestibility and false memories in relation to intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analytic review.

BACKGROUND A systematic literature review was conducted to evaluate previous research that examined intellectual disability (ID) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in relation to memory distortions (i.e. suggestibility and false memories). There were two goals for the current study; the first goal was to identify significant trends in past literature that fulfilled previously established selection criteria. The second goal was to establish reliability and effect sizes for suggestibility and false memory for samples with diagnoses of ID or ASD. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Articles that were selected for inclusion in the current study were required to have a clinically diagnosed sample, as well as a non-clinical control group. Studies were also required to have a post-hoc power score higher than .30 to prevent the effects of underpowered studies and limit the potential for publication bias. Selected studies were also required to have provided pertinent information required to complete the analyses (e.g. means, standard deviations, p-values, or correlation coefficients). Any study that did not provide the required information was excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Two empirical Bayes omnibus analyses revealed a significant effect for participants diagnosed with ID (z = 6.10, p < .001), which supported the researchers' hypothesis. The results indicated increased susceptibility toward memory suggestibility and false memories when compared with the general population. However, the results of the analyses did not support the researchers' hypothesis regarding participants diagnosed with ASD. The analyses indicated that participants diagnosed with ASD displayed decreased suggestibility and were less likely to develop false memories (z = -2.37, p = 0.018).
Nutrition and Disease

Good health is a prerequisite to acheiving a high level of productivity. An important component that has an impact on nutritional and health management is stress associated with factors such as weaning, shipping, inclement weather, and disease outbreaks. Therefore, sound nutritional management can preempt or minimize adverse effects of stress. This article addresses nutritional management of stressed cattle and problems of acidosis and bloat during the finishing phase.
Associations between BMI, waist circumference, central obesity and outcomes in type II diabetes mellitus: The ACCORD Trial.

Abstract Aims Our study aimed to investigate associations between BMI, waist circumference (WC), and central obesity (CO) with outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes using data from the ACCORD trial. Methods WC was assessed as a continuous variable. CO was derived as a dichotomous variable using cutoffs from the World Health Organization. BMI was assessed as a continuous and categorical variable using BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2 as normal weight, 25–30 kg/m2 as overweight, and >30 kg/m2 as obese. Incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and all-cause mortality were assessed. Cox proportional hazards were used to assess associations between our predictors and outcomes after adjusting for confounders. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. Results BMI and WC were associated with CHF [HR (95%CI): 1.41 (1.28–1.56), p ≤ 0.001; 1.43 (1.30–1.58), p ≤ 0.001 respectively] and all-cause mortality [HR (95%CI): 1.20 (1.11–1.30), p ≤ 0.001; 1.22 (1.13–1.37), p ≤ 0.001 respectively], though CO was not associated with any outcome after adjustment. No associations were seen between any adiposity metric and ASCVD. Conclusion Both BMI and WC independently capture the risk associated with adiposity in type 2 diabetes. However, those considered overweight and obese by BMI, and those with CO were not independently associated with outcomes in this cohort.
Management of Seizures in Brain Metastases

Managing epilepsy is integral to diagnosing and treating patients with brain metastases from various systemic malignancies. Seizures are a common symptom in this vulnerable patient population, who often require neurological expertise in conjunction with their oncological care. It is crucial to understand the etiology and diagnostic workup of seizures before formulating an appropriate treatment plan. This chapter provides an overview of seizures in patients with brain metastases, discussing the efficacy of several antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and the need to balance their respective side effect profiles and interactions with various chemotherapies. In addition to exploring the role of surgery and radiation and their effects on seizure control, we also expand on other important clinical considerations in patients with seizures, including driving restrictions, prophylaxis, and care at the end of life.
Has the road to global accounting convergence come to an end

This paper provides a critical review of the convergence of global accounting standards by the FASB and IASB with a focus on the influence that standard setters and regulators have had on its progress. The two boards have sustained a long history of cooperative development and committed, in 2002, to give their best efforts to make their existing financial reporting standards fully compatible. In recent years, the movement has lost momentum with many projects discontinued and no new items added to the agenda. The goal of a single set of accounting standards seems less realistic as regulators and standard setters come to fully comprehend the challenges and extent of required training, varying national characteristics, and shared decision making which prevent full agreement. Recent changes in leadership have shifted the focus away from international standards further indicating that the road to global accounting convergence may, indeed, have come to an end.
Characterizing the Risk of IPO Long‐Run Returns: The Impact of Momentum, Liquidity, Skewness, and Investment

We study 6,686 initial public offerings (IPOs) spanning the period 1981-2005 and find that the new issues puzzle disappears in a Fama-French three-factor framework. IPOs do not underperform in the aftermarket on a risk-adjusted basis and do not underperform a matched sample of nonissuers. IPO underperformance is concentrated in the 1980s and early 1990s, and IPOs either perform the same as the market or outperform on a risk-adjusted basis from 1998 to 2005. We find that outperformance in the later period is driven by large firms. Factors for momentum, investment, liquidity, and skewness help to explain aftermarket returns, although size and book-to-market tend to proxy for skewness. IPO investors receive smaller expected returns due to negative momentum and investment exposure and in exchange for higher liquidity.
Compile-And-Run Prompts in Digital Programming Assessments

Code writing prompts are common on exams in programming courses. Such prompts often collect student answers via pseudocode. For some students this is uncomfortable because they are unable to compile and test their code like on assignments. Our study aims to learn how students perceive different types of programming assessment questions. We collected survey responses from students in a Data Structures course, one before and another after an exam with a coding question where students could elect for a pseudocode essay response or compile-and-test environment response. Results show most students initially preferred running code, but some reconsidered after the exam. The most common reason students preferred pseudocode was that they did not have enough time for correct syntax. This work has important implications for programming assessment and use of code writing prompts in the classroom.
The Case of the Florida Lemon: Options for the Buyer or Trap for the Consumer: The Florida Motor Vehicle Warranty Enforcement Act

The State of Florida is just one of the fifty states and the District of Columbia which have enacted a state Lemon Law. This paper outlines the provisions of the Florida statutory scheme that covers both the sale and lease of vehicles that are found to be “lemons.” The Florida Lemon Law is also known as “The Motor Vehicle Warranty Enforcement Act,” as it must be viewed in light of legal provisions relating to warranties. The Florida Lemon Law determines what defects or conditions will trigger the operation of a warranty and whether and under what circumstances the warrantor (generally, the manufacturer) may attempt to remedy or “cure” any defective condition. The paper also outlines the procedures for resolving a dispute between a dealer or automobile manufacturer and an unsatisfied customer when the customer is seeking either a refund or a replacement vehicle for a “lemon.”
What to Wear: The Filtration Performance of Alternative Materials Used to Construct Do-It-Yourself Masks

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that much of the world, including the United States, is ill-prepared for the material demands of a global crisis. In response to this shortage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), we have conducted filtration efficiency and pressure drop testing of a range of common materials used for constructing do-it-yourself masks, including an allergen filter, a vacuum bag, a heavy-duty tool wipe, and a standard cotton bandana, as well as a standard 3-ply surgical mask, a medical drape and an industrially available composite filter material. Size-resolved percent penetration of each material by particles with diameters ranging from 25 to 500 nm was measured at three face velocities (0.72 cm s(-1), 4.30 cm s(-1), 13.0 cm s(-1)). The allergen filter performed best, only allowing the penetration of 5% +/- 3% of the 300 nm particles through the material at a face velocity of 13.0 cm s(-1), comparable to human breathing during heavy physical work. In comparison, the surgical mask and the cotton bandana allowed 39 +/- 1% and 51% +/- 1% of the 300 nm particles to pass through at the same face velocity, respectively. According to the calculated filter quality, the best choices for mask construction are the allergen filter, industrial composite filter, and the vacuum bag. Structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), image analysis, and thickness measurements to investigate physical characteristics which improve filtration. This study shows that certain household and commercially available materials and combinations can be used in the construction of highly effective face masks.
Development of Polycrystalline Diamond Compatible with the Latest N-Polar GaN mm-Wave Technology

Integration of diamond on GaN can ease the challenges associated with thermal management of GaN-based power amplifiers which need to base on highly scaled transistors to push toward higher frequenc...
Sexual Minority Vulnerability and Fear of Victimization

After emerging as an issue of concern nationally in the last half-century, fear of crime has remained a prominent issue among Americans. Researchers have since begun to explore some of the more com...
A Commentary on the U.S. FDA Adaptive Design Draft Guidance and EMA Reflection Paper from a Regulatory Perspective and Regulatory Experiences

Fixed design confirmatory trials rely on emerging and reliable prior data and knowledge to provide necessary assumptions about the key design parameters including nuisance parameters. Traditionally, a fixed design has been the gold standard for its simplicity, validity, and ability to provide an unbiased estimate of the treatment effect. To allow for pre-specified flexibility in an ongoing trial, a simple two-arm controlled trial with a single primary efficacy endpoint, the repeated significance testing involving multiplicity adjustment becomes more complex than a fixed design approach. The repeated significance testing recognized in group sequential design and analysis was proposed as early as the randomization ratio adaptation in late 1960s (Zelen 1969), e.g., Armitage et al. (1969).
Outcome of Mini-percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Renal Stones in Infants and Preschool Children: A Prospective Study

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of Miniperc for renal stones in preschool-age patients. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first prospective study on this subject. Reports on Miniperc are still few and mostly retrospective using a sheath size of ≥18Fr, which is still relatively large for young children. Patients and Methods From January 2012 to May 2013, Miniperc was performed for 26 children (≤6 years old) with renal calculi Results Primary SFR, SFR after retreatment, and SFR after auxiliary extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) were 77%, 85%, and 92%, respectively. Retreatment rate was 8%. Auxiliary ESWL was done in 11%. Complications were bleeding (8%), hematuria and blood transfusion (4%), renal pelvis perforation (4%), leakage (8%), and fever (15%). Operative time was significantly prolonged in multiple (>2) stones ( P = .006), calyceal stones ( P = .002), or stone size ≥30 mm ( P = .022). SFR was significantly lower in children with >2 stones ( P = .028) and increased stone size ≥30 mm ( P = .014). Conclusion Miniperc is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for pediatric renal stones using 14Fr access sheath. SFR was significantly lower in children with >2 stones or increased stone size ≥30 mm. This was overcome by retreatment and auxiliary ESWL.
Differential effects of CD30 activation in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and Hodgkin disease cells

CD30 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily that is expressed on activated lymphocytes, as well as on neoplastic cells of Hodgkin disease (HD) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). A number of reports have shown that, depending on cellular context, CD30 signaling can exert a variety of effects, ranging from cell death to cellular proliferation. In the present study this disparity was examined, using a number of ALCL- and HD-derived cell lines. Activation of CD30 led to the induction of apoptotic death of ALCL cells, along with the selective reduction of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 and impairment in the ability of these cells to activate the pro-survival transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). In contrast, HD cells, which constitutively express NF-kappa B, were not susceptible to CD30-induced apoptosis but could be sensitized following ectopic overexpression of a superdominant I kappa B. These studies suggest that NF-kappa B plays a determining role in the sensitivity or resistance of lymphoma cells to CD30-induced apoptosis, which may have important consequences in the clinical treatment of CD30-positive neoplasia. (Blood. 2000;96:4307-4312)
Polarized quantum dot emission in electrohydrodynamic jet printed photonic crystals

Tailored optical output, such as color purity and efficient optical intensity, are critical considerations for displays, particularly in mobile applications. To this end, we demonstrate a replica molded photonic crystal structure with embedded quantum dots. Electrohydrodynamic jet printing is used to control the position of the quantum dots within the device structure. This results in significantly less waste of the quantum dot material than application through drop-casting or spin coating. In addition, the targeted placement of the quantum dots minimizes any emission outside of the resonant enhancement field, which enables an 8× output enhancement and highly polarized emission from the photonic crystal structure.
k-Nearest Neighbor Classification

The k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) method is one of the data mining techniques considered to be among the top 10 techniques for data mining [237]. The k-NN method uses the well-known principle of Cicero pares cum paribus facillime congregantur (birds of a feather flock together or literally equals with equals easily associate). It tries to classify an unknown sample based on the known classification of its neighbors. Let us suppose that a set of samples with known classification is available, the so-called training set. Intuitively, each sample should be classified similarly to its surrounding samples. Therefore, if the classification of a sample is unknown, then it could be predicted by considering the classification of its nearest neighbor samples. Given an unknown sample and a training set, all the distances between the unknown sample and all the samples in the training set can be computed. The distance with the smallest value corresponds to the sample in the training set closest to the unknown sample. Therefore, the unknown sample may be classified based on the classification of this nearest neighbor.
(1R,5R)‐(+)‐Verbenone of High Optical Purity

(1R,5R)-(+)-verbenone of high optical purity reactant: (1R)-(+)-α-Pinene (25.0 g, 0.183 mol intermediate: mixture of acetates product: verbenone Keywords: hydrolysis, esters and lactones; oxidation, CHOH CO; oxidation, miscellaneous; rearrangements; benzene; bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) azodicarboxylate, explosion hazard; diethyl azodicarboxylate, explosion hazard; dimethyl azodicarboxylate, explosion hazard; lead tetraacetate, cancer suspect agent; sodium dichromate dihydrate, highly toxic, cancer suspect agent
Gene therapy in the central nervous system

Gene therapy for neurological diseases faces many challenges from the anatomy of the brain, that is, its physical encasing by the cranical cavity, and its separation from the bloodstream by the blood brain barrier. This has forced the development of particular ways of delivering genes directly into the brain, to deal with limitations that are not encountered when delivering genes to other organs, such as the liver that can be accessed more easily. Further, the brain is composed of a variety of specialized cell types, such as neurons and glial cells, many of which are postmitotic, this imposing further challenges on the safety standards for gene transfer into the CNS (central nervous system). We here review recent advances in the strategies to develop safe and efficient gene transfer into the CNS for the treatment of degenerative, inherited, and malignant diseases of the brain, and how to make such therapies safe in the presence of potential inflammatory and immune responses. Keywords: brain; AAV; adenovirus; lentivirus; Parkinson's disease; glioma; inflammation
Improving event-to-sink throughput in wireless sensor networks

Disaster relief is an important application of sensor networks, in which bursting data needs to be collected in a short period to the sink through a multi-hop wireless network. In general, packets containing the reported data have few correlations among each other, such that meaningful information can be inferred from partially received packets. For better understanding of monitored events, it is more important to capture the total number of unique reports rather than to reliably deliver each individual packet. Therefore, in the case of monitoring disaster filed with bursting data, communication channel throughput has higher priority than the channel reliability. Under this circumstance, we revisit the sensor network transport protocols, which use hop-by-hop recovery to provide reliable data transmission over unreliable links. We found that the complex recovery mechanism, while assuring high reliable individual packet delivery, reduces channel throughput when measured data is reported at high rate. To provide optimal data transport in a sensor network with bursting data generation, we propose a light weight sink centric transport protocol, which maximizes the channel throughput by minimizing the interference of packet recovery process. We implement the sink centric transport protocol in TinyOS and evaluate its performance in the TOSSIM simulator. The comparison shows that our proposed approach outperforms the hop-by-hop recovery approach in terms of event reporting throughput and transmission costs.
Similarities between Solar Flares and Laboratory Hot Plasma Phenomena

Similarities exist among fine structure details (and re-related phenomena) of solar flares and of the current sheath in a plasma coaxial accelerator. The production mechanism of x-ray and high-energy particles can be consistently related to the decay process of a filamentary magnetic structure in both solar and laboratory phenomena. Build-up and explosive decay of this structure are described by a self-consistent theory for fields and phase-space densities.
Islanding detection and transient over voltage mitigation using wireless sensor networks

Islanding condition happens when a DG units continues to energize a part of the grid while that part has been isolated from the main electrical utility. In this situation if the DGs power exceed the load then Transient Over Voltages (TOVs) occurs. Because of the adverse effects of the islanding and TOVs, power system sections must detect, mitigate the over voltage, and disconnect the DG systems from the grid if it is necessary. This paper proposes a communication method based on wireless sensor networks for islanding detection. Also a defined number of loads are added to the power system section in order to mitigate the over voltage in the islanding condition. The effectiveness of the method is discussed and conclusion is offered.
Investigation of the Mechanism of Electron Capture and Electron Transfer Dissociation of Peptides with a Covalently Attached Free Radical Hydrogen Atom Scavenger.

The mechanisms of electron capture and electron transfer dissociation (ECD and ETD) are investigated by covalently attaching a free-radical hydrogen atom scavenger to a peptide. The 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-l-oxyl (TEMPO) radical was chosen as the scavenger due to its high hydrogen atom affinity (ca. 280 kJ/mol) and low electron affinity (ca. 0.45 eV), and was derivatized to the model peptide, FQX^(TEMPO)EEQQQTEDELQDK. The X^(TEMPO) residue represents a cysteinyl residue derivatized with an acetamido-TEMPO group. The acetamide group without TEMPO was also examined as a control. The gas phase proton affinity (882 kJ/mol) of TEMPO is similar to backbone amide carbonyls (889 kJ/mol), minimizing perturbation to internal solvation and sites of protonation of the derivatized peptides. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the TEMPO-tagged peptide dication generated stable odd-electron b and y type ions without indication of any TEMPO radical induced fragmentation initiated by hydrogen abstraction. The type and abundance of fragment ions observed in the CID spectra of the TEMPO and acetamide tagged peptides are very similar. However, ECD of the TEMPO-labeled peptide dication yielded no backbone cleavage. We propose that a labile hydrogen atom in the charge reduced radical ions is scavenged by the TEMPO radical moiety, resulting in inhibition of N-Cα backbone cleavage processes. Supplemental activation after electron attachment (ETcaD) and CID of the charge-reduced precursor ion generated by electron transfer of the TEMPO-tagged peptide dication produced a series of b + H (b^H) and y + H (y^H) ions along with some c ions having suppressed intensities, consistent with stable O-H bond formation at the TEMPO group. In summary, the results indicate that ECD and ETD backbone cleavage processes are inhibited by scavenging of a labile hydrogen atom by the localized TEMPO radical moiety. This observation supports the conjecture that ECD and ETD processes involve long-lived intermediates formed by electron capture/transfer in which a labile hydrogen atom is present and plays a key role with low energy processes leading to c and z ion formation. Ab initio and density functional calculations are performed to support our conclusion, which depends most importantly on the proton affinity, electron affinity and hydrogen atom affinity of the TEMPO moiety.
SANE: a protection architecture for enterprise networks

Connectivity in today's enterprise networks is regulated by a combination of complex routing and bridging policies, along with various interdiction mechanisms such as ACLs, packet filters, and other middleboxes that attempt to retrofit access control onto an otherwise permissive network architecture. This leads to enterprise networks that are inflexible, fragile, and difficult to manage. To address these limitations, we offer SANE, a protection architecture for enterprise networks. SANE defines a single protection layer that governs all connectivity within the enterprise. All routing and access control decisions are made by a logically-centralized server that grants access to services by handing out capabilities (encrypted source routes) according to declarative access control policies (e.g., "Alice can access http server foo"). Capabilities are enforced at each switch, which are simple and only minimally trusted. SANE offers strong attack resistance and containment in the face of compromise, yet is practical for everyday use. Our prototype implementation shows that SANE could be deployed in current networks with only a few modifications, and it can easily scale to networks of tens of thousands of nodes.
The Impact of Hardware Models on Shared Memory Consistency Conditions

Shared memory systems provide a contract to the programmer in the form of a consistency condition. The conditions of atomic memory and sequential consistency provide the illusion of a single memory module, as in the uniprocessor case. Weaker conditions improve performance by sacrificing the simple programming model. Consistency conditions are formulated without reference to details of the hardware on which programs execute. We define the notion of a hardware model, a set of limitations on the communication network (e.g., message delay assumptions) and processing nodes (e.g., amount of available memory). We examine the effects of several models on a representative set of consistency conditions. In each model, we show how the conditions are related, and show that some are not appropriate for that model. Our study is carried out through relatively complete implementations, state machines which exactly capture the possible behaviors of all implementations in a given model. In addition to elucidating properties of the consistency conditions, these state machines can be used in proofs of correctness, when a particular hardware model is assumed.
Immunogenic Dialyzable Factor Derived from a Ribosomal Fraction of Salmonella typhimurium

The preparation, properties, and immunogenicity of the dialyzable factor from a ribosomal fraction of Salmonella typhimurium are described. The ribosomal fraction was purified to eliminate O-antigenic components, by affinity chromatography (Sepharose-anti-O antibody conjugates used as immunoadsorbent). The dialyzable factor was obtained in the concentrated dialysate of the purified ribosomal fraction which was alternately frozen in dry-ice acetone and thawed in an 80 C water bath, for a total of five or six cycles. When this preparation was tested for its ability to protect mice against challenge with 1,000 LD50 of the homologous bacteria, it afforded 100% protection at a dose equivalent to 5.0 μg of RNA. The protection conferred by this factor was mainly cell mediated but immune serum enhanced this immunity despite the fact that no antibodies were detected in it. The protective activity of this factor was sensitive to RNase digestion but resistant to proteolytic enzymes. Ion exchange chromatography of this factor with DEAE-Sephadex A-25 (in 7 M Urea-0.02 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5) resulted in a single A260 peak which was found to be immunogenic. Chemical analysis of this peak after it was concentrated and desalted revealed that this immunogenic fraction was composed mainly of mixed nucleotides. The data indicate that protective immunity conferred by a ribosomal vaccine is associated with RNA but may not require the intact RNA molecule.
Effect of Friction on Unbonded Elastomeric Bearings

This paper describes a theoretical analysis of a type of thermal expansion bridge bearing which could be used as a lightweight low-cost elastomeric seismic isolator for application to housing, schools, and other public buildings in earthquake-prone areas of the developing world. The analysis covers the effect of the frictional resistance of the supports on the vertical stiffness of this type of isolator. The most important aspect of these bearings is that they do not have end plates, which reduces their weight, but also means that they are not bonded to the upper and lower support surfaces and are held in place only by friction. This at first sight might seem to be a deficiency of this design, but it has the advantage that it eliminates the presence of tensile stresses in the bearings. It is these tensile stresses and the bonding requirements that arise from them that lead to the high costs of conventional isolation bearings. A theoretical analysis of the response of these bearings to vertical load shows that slip between the unbonded surfaces and rigid supports above and below can have a significant influence on the vertical stiffness and the internal pressure distribution.
On the vibrational force fields of the ground state of trans- and cis-polyacetylenes

Abstract The QCFF/PI method results of the CC stretch force constant calculations in the ground electronic state of trans- and cis-polyacetylene are reported and the force fields of the two isomers are discussed in terms of interactions between local oscillators.
Numerical simulation of high Rayleigh number convection

A direct numerical simulation of thermal convection between horizontal plane boundaries has been performed, at a Rayleigh number Ra=9800Ra c , where Ra c is the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convection. The flow is found to be fully turbulent, and analysis of the probability distributions for temperature fluctuations indicates that this is within the “hard turbulence” regime, as defined by the Chicago group. Good agreement is shown to exist between their experiments and the present simulation.
Effects of para-chlorophenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan on alcohol intake in the rat

Abstract Para-chlorophenylalanine, the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor that depletes serotonin selectively, increased alcohol intake in rats. 5-Hydroxytryptophan, the serotonin percursor, reduced alcohol intake. These findings suggest that alcohol preference in the rat may be related to the brain tryptaminirgic system.
Accounting for absorption saturation effects in pulsed infrared laser-excited photothermal spectroscopy

Equations that relate photothermal lens focal lengths and photothermal deflection angles to saturation absorption coefficients are derived. These equations are derived for two-level absorbers with both homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened transitions. Initial and time-dependent photothermal lens signals are calculated. Equations describing the zero-time signals are exact to within the simplifying assumptions of the derivation, while the time-dependent signals are approximate. The approximation is performed by the use of a finite series of Gaussian functions to model the temperature change profile distorted by nonlinear absorption. The excitation irradiance-dependent signal behavior for rectangular and exponential excitation pulse time profiles for homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened transitions are compared. Absorbed energies are used to calculate effective absorbances obtained by the use of conventional and photothermal lensing spectrometry. The conclusions drawn from these comparisons are that pulsed laser photothermal spectroscopy is sensitive to the excitation laser’s pulse temporal profile and the transition broadening mechanism.
Paper, memory and a good story: How Smolensk got its ‘October’

Historical accounts and popular memory of the October Revolution in Smolensk are based upon a relatively small number of memoirs by local Bolsheviks who climbed the Soviet bureaucratic ladder in the 1920s. These functioned to create a myth‐history that legitimated Soviet rule and tied Smolensk's history into that of Petrograd. This shaping of the myth history, though, was also a consequence of shortages of ‘relevant’ documentation, contests over whose memory held value, and debate over how best to tell the story. The forging of this myth therefore demonstrates the interaction of ideology and the more prosaic concerns of local politics.
Ectopic Thyroid Presenting as a Liver Mass

b b v l A woman presented for evaluation of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Physical exam and labs were unemarkable. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed intrauterine firoids but incidentally showed a mass in the liver. The patient as referred to our institution for further evaluation. Abdominal computed tomography revealed an exophytic 5.7y 5-cm mass contiguous with the medial segment of the left obe of the liver, adjacent to the portal vein. The lesion enanced in the arterial phase and washed out in the portal enous phase (Figure A; arrow indicates mass). It did not dislace normal hilar structures. The patient had no known liver isease and had normal liver chemistries and -fetoprotein. On ltrasound, the lesion appeared as a heterogeneous, ovoid mass ith a central focus of increased echogenicity and a well-cirumscribed margin. An ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirate nd core biopsy revealed both normal, non-neoplastic liver issue as well as macrofollicular sheets of benign thyroid tissue nd colloid (Figure B). Specimen cross-contamination during reparation of the slide was excluded, and the findings were onfirmed by 3 pathologists. Thyroid ultrasound, thyroid raionuclide scan, and thyroid function tests were normal except or a small multinodular goiter. Ectopic thyroid is defined as the presence of benign thyroid issues at sites other than anterior or lateral to the second, hird, and fourth tracheal rings. Most cases can be explained by n arrest of migration or excessive descent of the thyroid anlage t any point along its migratory path during development. Ectopic thyroid has been reported in the duodenum (2 cases), ejunum (1 case), pancreas (2 cases), and porta hepatis (2 cases).1,2 In these locations, the presence of thyroid follicles can e explained as a metaplastic or heteroplastic phenomenon, ecause the proximal segment of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, entral pancreas, and the thyroid all share a common embryoogic origin from the foregut endoderm.3 This is a reported case of ectopic thyroid within the liver itself. The case highlights features of embryologic development and is unique with regard to the size of the lesion, age of the patient, and its location within the liver.
RELIGION, RACE, AND BRIDGE BUILDING IN ECONOMIC JUSTICE COALITIONS

Religious organizations regularly perform key bridge building and political activation tasks in the racialized landscape of living wage organizing in the U.S. As bridge builders, they mediate the varied concerns and cultures of labor, immigrant, and black civil rights organizations through ideology translation, relational repair, and inclusion monitoring. Religious organizations' social location and indigenous leadership development also cultivates levels of political participation among poor people and people of darker colors that often outstrip their economic and educational demographics. Drawing on participant observation and national level data on political engagement, this article assesses the strengths and constraints that religious organizations bring to race conscious organizing in the new coalitions of social movement unionism.
Influence of Exchange Ions on the b-Dimensions of Dioctahedral Vermiculite

The 1–5 µ size fractions of different ground muscovites were treated for a 30-day period for K+ removal with a pH 7.5 solution containing sodium tetraphenylboron. The initial K+ contents ranged from 211 to 219 me/100 g. After the extraction period, the final K contents ranged from 21 to 37 me/100 g. The apparent structural charge on the expanded material decreased to values ranging from 156 to 184 me/100 g, which are within the charge range for natural vermiculites. The b-dimensions of these laboratory-produced vermiculites were found to vary with the exchange ion and with the hydration state of the ion. For hydrated samples, saturation with Cs+, Li+, and Mg2+ ions increased the observed b-dimension in comparison to that of the corresponding parent mica, whereas saturation with Sr2+ and La3+ ions had little effect on b. After dehydration at 350°C, only Cs+-saturated samples had a b-dimension greater than that of the parent mica. The observed b-dimension for the dehydrated samples was found to be a direct function of the crystal radius of the interlayer ion. Apparently, as the ion dehydrates, the surface oxygen triads rotate until some of the oxygens “lock” onto the ion, limiting the minimum b-dimension. Before dehydration, however, the water of hydration in the interlayer region is evidently held with sufficient energy to limit rotations of the oxygen triads that give rise to a decrease in b. When Li+ and Mg2+ ions occupy the interlayer region, their water network apparently even produces a slight increase in the observed b-dimension.
A psychosomatic study of five children withduodenal ulcer

Summary Five children with roentgenologicallydemonstrated duodenal ulcer were studied by a clinical team composed of a psychiatrist, a clinical psychologist, and a psychiatric social worker. Marked emotional problems were found in each of the children and it was felt that these emotional problems were significant in relation to their ulcers. The personality problems lay mainly in the areas of (1) unmet needs for affection and emotional security, (2) difficulties in being assertive of their hostile feelings, and (3) their resultant passivity and subnormal assertiveness, with a desperate need to secure affectionate approval from the persons around them. The advantage of a comprehensive medical and personality evaluation in the treatment of children with peptic ulcer is discussed.
Measurement and Analysis of Shocks to Products Packaged in Pails in Single Parcel Ground Shipments

The objective of this study was to measure and analyse the shocks and impacts experienced by pails in the single parcel distribution environment, with and without a secondary corrugated shipper. The study was conducted in the FedEx Ground shipping environment in the USA. Instrumented 5 gal pails were shipped with and without an outer corrugated box, and with and without handling (precautionary warning) labels, from East Lansing, Michigan to destinations in California and New York. Data recorders were used to collect and analyse shock distribution data (drop heights, drop orientations and number of drops). The results showed that the precautionary labels had no effect in improving the handling or reducing the drop height levels for both corrugated boxes and pails in this environment. Pails without boxes experienced 10 drops per one-way trip with an average drop height of 0.23 m (9 in). Pails with boxes experienced 18 drops per one-way trip with a higher average drop height of 0.30 m (12 in), which amounted to 80% more drops at a 25% higher drop height level than pails without boxes. Impact orientations of pails without boxes showed that 60% of the drops occurred on the sides, and 40% on the bottom. Pails shipped in corrugated boxes showed 22% of the drops occurred on the bottoms, 34% on the side faces, 28% on edges and remaining 16% on the corners. The data collected was analysed to develop pre-shipment package performance tests that can be conducted in a lab environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of indomethacin and its two primary metabolites in urine

Quantitation of total amounts (i.e., free compound plus glucuronide conjugate) of indomethacin (INDO) and its deschlorobenzoyl (DBI) and desmethyl (DMI) metabolites in human urine is described. An aliquot (0.4 ml) of urine is incubated with glucuronidase (1000 U, 2 h, 37° C) and extracted with 5 ml of dichloromethane containing the internal standards: the fluoro analogue of INDO, F-INDO, and indole-3-propionic acid (IPA). The organic phase is concentrated, dissolved in mobile phase and aliquots are injected onto the high-performance liquid chromatograph. INDO and DMI are measured with UV detection at 264 nm over a linear range of 0.25–125 μg/ml. Retention times for DMI, F-INDO and INDO are 4.0, 6.8 and 12.1 min, respectively, using a C, reversed-phase column with an acetonitrile-O.1 M acetate, pH 5.0 (30:70) mobile phase at a 2.5 ml/min flow-rate. DBI is measured using fluorescence detection (excitation = 305 nm, emission = 370 nm) over a linear range of 0.26–12.5 μg/ml. Retention times for DBI and IPA are 4.5 and 7.8 min, respectively, on the same C8 column with an acetonitrile-0.025 M acetate, pH 4.0 (22:78) mobile phase at a 2.0 ml/min flow-rate. Inter- and intra-day precision were smaller than 10% for INDO, DMI and DBI over the concentration ranges indicated.