cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The View from Seminary: Using Library Holdings to Measure Christian Seminary Worldviews

Within the seminary education system, the library remains an important source of data for students to draw upon as they formulate their worldviews. Library holdings reflect the topics and ideologies the seminary wishes to impart to its students and provides a glimpse into the worldview of the seminary. This study examines the library holdings of more than 50 seminaries from different countries and denominations to depict the various worldviews conveyed to current seminary students. The study reveals that geographic location, size of the library, and level of Internet usage are three significant factors that shape the content of the library holdings and, through that, the worldview of the seminary.
Court vs. Congress: Judicial Interpretation of The Civil Rights Acts and Congressional Response

In the space of eight weeks during the spring and summer of 1989, the United States Supreme Court handed down seven decisions that restrictively interpreted provisions of the 1866 and 1964 Civil Rights Acts that prohibit employment discrimination.1 On February 7, 1990, identical bills were introduced in the House and Senate that would, if passed into law as the Civil Rights Act of 1990, overrule in whole or in part these decisions as well as three other rulings handed down in 1986 and 1987.2 The bills also admonish the Court that:
Thromboelastography After Murine TBI and Implications of Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Knockout

The source of coagulopathy in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is multifactorial and may include adrenergic stimulation. The aim of this study was to assess coagulopathy after TBI using thromboelastography (TEG), and to investigate the implications of β-adrenergic receptor knockout. Adult male wild type c57/bl6 (WT) and β1/β2-adrenergic receptor knockout (BKO) mice were assigned to either TBI (WT-TBI, BKO-TBI) or sham injury (WT-sham, BKO-sham). Mice assigned to TBI were subject to controlled cortical impact (CCI). At 24 h post-injury, whole blood samples were obtained and taken immediately for TEG. At 24 h after injury, a trend toward increased fibrinolysis was seen in WT-TBI compared to WT-sham although this did not reach significance (EPL 8.1 vs. 0 %, p = 0.18). No differences were noted in fibrinolysis in BKO-TBI compared to BKO-sham (LY30 2.6 vs. 2.5 %, p = 0.61; EPL 3.4 vs. 2.9 %, p = 0.61). In addition BKO-TBI demonstrated increased clot strength compared to BKO-sham (MA 76.6 vs. 68.6, p = 0.03; G 18.2 vs. 11.3, p = 0.03). In a mouse TBI model, WT mice sustaining TBI demonstrated a trend toward increased fibrinolysis at 24 h after injury while BKO mice did not. These findings suggest β-blockade may attenuate the coagulopathy of TBI and minimize progression of intracranial hemorrhage by reducing fibrinolysis and increasing clot strength.
Evolution and Interaction of Dislocations in Intermetallics: Fully Anisotropic Discrete Dislocation Dynamics Simulations

In this study, the origin of large ductility that is seen in recently discovered rare-earth intermetallic compounds: YCu, YAg and YZn is explored by using fully anisotropic 3D dislocation dynamics simulations. The stability of the glide dislocations, the behavior of the Frank-Read sources and the strength of junctions are evaluated and compared to those seen for the common intermetallics, NiAl and Fe-25Al.
Techniques for Constructing an Endoconduit

An endoconduit is an alternative percutaneous technique that can be used to deliver a thoracic endograft in a patient with a small, calcified, or tortuous vessel instead of the conventional ilio-femoral conduit. This technique can be applied in high-risk patients that have a relative contraindication to conventional open surgical techniques under general anesthesia. The endoluminal conduit technique allows aggressive balloon dilation of long segments of ilio-femoral stenosis without the risk of vessel rupture. The endoluminal graft conduit can be custom-assembled using grafts diameters of at least 8 mm and preferably 10 mm and can be back-loaded into a delivery sheath and deployed via a femoral arteriotomy into the common iliac artery covering the origin of the internal iliac artery.1,2
An Evaluation of HIRS Near-Surface Air Temperature Product in the Arctic with SHEBA Data

AbstractThe accuracy of cloud-screened 2-m air temperatures derived from the intersatellite-calibrated brightness temperatures based on the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) measurements on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) series is evaluated by comparing HIRS air temperatures to 1-yr quality-controlled measurements collected during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) project (October 1997–September 1998). The mean error between collocated HIRS and SHEBA 2-m air temperature is found to be on the order of 1°C, with a slight sensitivity to spatial and temporal radii for collocation. The HIRS temperatures capture well the temporal variability of SHEBA temperatures, with cross-correlation coefficients higher than 0.93, all significant at the 99.9% confidence level. More than 87% of SHEBA temperature variance can be explained by linear regression of collocated HIRS temperatures. The analysi...
Methods to Evaluate Sweet Potatoes for Resistance to the Banded Cucumber Beetle in the Field

Roots of highly susceptible, intermediate, and highly resistant breeding lines of sweet potato were infested in the field with eggs of Diabrotica balteata LeConte. The eggs were applied in a 0.125% agar-water suspension. Since large numbers of eggs were needed, cold storage tests were conducted before the field tests. Eggs kept at 10°C in the agar-water suspension for 16 and 32 days had viabilities of 96 and 60%, respectively. Therefore, eggs used in the field were stored no longer than 16 days. Plants were exposed to the eggs at five infestation levels, at the preroot and root enlargement stages, and in protective barriers and cages to contain the insects. The results showed that damage was highest without the aid of the barriers and cages when plants were infested in field plots at preroot enlargement with 1,000 eggs per plant. This technique will be useful for evaluating sweet potato lines for insect resistance.
Ionic Liquid Electrochemical Synthesis of Earth Abundant Monophase Chalcostibite p-CuSbS2 Photo-absorber Thin films for Heterojunction Solar Cells With n-ZnO

Single step synthesis of monophase CuSbS2 thin films by electro-deposition in ionic liquid electrolyte based on choline chloride and urea (ChCl:U) eutectic mixture is described. The formation of binary CuxS and SbxSy film phases using CuCl2 and SbCl3 precursors along with Na2S2O3 as sulfur source in ChCl:U are established as -0.59 V and -0.36 V vs. Pt, respectively by cyclic voltammetry and used to optimize CuSbS2 thin films growth potential and precursor composition. CuSbS2 films deposited at -0.65 V vs Pt with 1:1 Cu to Sb precursor ratio at 80°C are highly crystalline in chalcostibite orthorhombic structure. Deviant Cu/Sb ratio at 1:0.71 and 1:1.4 reveal inclusion of Cu3SbS3 and Sb2S3, respectively. Direct 1.65 eV band gap for single phase CuSbS2 film and with inclusive secondary phases at 1.73±0.1 eV and 2.13 eV is observed. As-deposited CuSbS2 films are p-type and n-p hetero-junction device in the n-ZnO/p-CuSbS2/Ag structure shows rectifying I-V curves and dependence on the CuSbS2 film growth conditions.
Chronic Blockade of the Androgen Receptor Abolishes Age-Dependent Increases in Blood Pressure in Female Growth-Restricted Rats

Intrauterine growth restriction induced via placental insufficiency programs a significant increase in blood pressure at 12 months of age in female growth-restricted rats that is associated with early cessation of estrous cyclicity, indicative of premature reproductive senescence. In addition, female growth-restricted rats at 12 months of age exhibit a significant increase in circulating testosterone with no change in circulating estradiol. Testosterone is positively associated with blood pressure after menopause in women. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that androgen receptor blockade would abolish the significant increase in blood pressure that develops with age in female growth-restricted rats. Mean arterial pressure was measured in animals pretreated with and without the androgen receptor antagonist, flutamide (8 mg/kg/day, SC for 2 weeks). Flutamide abolished the significant increase in blood pressure in growth-restricted rats relative to control at 12 months of age. To examine the mechanism(s) by which androgens contribute to increased blood pressure in growth-restricted rats, blood pressure was assessed in rats untreated or treated with enalapril (250 mg/L for 2 weeks). Enalapril eliminated the increase in blood pressure in growth-restricted relative to vehicle- and flutamide-treated controls. Furthermore, the increase in medullary angiotensin type 1 receptor mRNA expression was abolished in flutamide-treated growth-restricted relative to untreated counterparts and controls; cortical angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA expression was reduced in flutamide-treated growth-restricted versus untreated counterparts. Thus, these data indicate that androgens, via activation of the renin-angiotensin system, are important mediators of increased blood pressure that develops by 12 months of age in female growth-restricted rats.
Study on the epidemiological characteristics and etiological surveillance of hand-foot-mouth disease in Zhoukou city Henan province

Objective Theaimofthisstudywastoevaluatetheepidemiologicalcharacteristicsofhand-foot-mouth disease and corresponding pathogenic species in Zhoukou city, and provide basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive methodology was used for the study of the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease, and analytical statisticswasused fortheanalysisoftheresultsin pathogenicanalysis. Results From2008 to 2012, a totalof18991 cases ofHFMD were reported in Zhoukou city, and the annual report incidence rate was 37.69/10 million. There were significant differences among the incidence rate of each annual report( χ2=5 376.56, P0.05). From March to June, the incidence rate was 74.16%. Group of three-year-olds accounted for 89.92%, scattered children cases accounted for 91.65%. Among 410 laboratory diagnosed cases,EV71 positive rate was 64.63%, CA16 positive rate was 5.86%, and positive rate for other enterovirus was 29.51%. The ratio of EV71, CA16 and other enteric virus was significantly differentamong different years, different months, and different cases(P0.05).Conclusion From 2008 to 2012, the incidence rates for hand-foot-mouth disease decreased year by year in Zhoukou city. The incidence showed pronounced seasonal peaks. Scattered children were the main susceptible group, and EV71 was the main pathogenic strain.
Winning the Jackpot: Jobs Dividends in a Multipolar World

In an intriguing book on the methodology and dynamics of knowledge creation, Firestein (2012) makes the point that the most promising and fruitful approaches in hard sciences are generally not those that try to build on the existing body of truths but rather those that focus on things that are still unknown. As a neuroscientist, he draws on his own experience to advocate tolerance for radically different pursuits, “the pleasures of scientific mystery, and the cultivation of doubt.” He writes: “When I sit down with colleagues over a beer at a meeting, we don’t go over facts. We don’t talk about what’s known. We talk about what we’d like to figure out, about what needs to be done.” The celebration of uncertainty has led him to rehabilitate ignorance, seen as a particular condition of knowledge and the most critical part of the scientific enterprise.
Analysis of Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites by Liquid Chromatography

Abstract To achieve quantitative measurements of neurotransmitters, researchers employ analytical methods based on balancing the amenability and limitations of a technique for a specific application. In particular, in vivo microdialysis sampling has proven indispensable toward improving our understanding of the biological roles mediated by diverse neuroactive compounds. This chapter discusses the development and application of liquidchromatography methods for analysis of a broad range of neurotransmitters and their metabolites from tissue and dialysate samples in both experimental and clinical settings. Liquid chromatography-based methods are capable of resolving neurotransmitters from complex biological matrices and offer flexibility in coupling to various detection techniques, such as mass spectrometry, electrochemical, and fluorescence. Improved column technologies and separation conditions offer increased efficiency for chromatographic resolution, decreased separation time, improved temporal resolution, and enhanced multianalyte capability. Together, microdialysis sampling and liquid chromatography-based methods continue to be principle techniques widely employed to examine neurotransmitter function in the central nervous system.
Awakening the dragon’s and elephant’s media: Comparative analysis of India’s and China’s journalism ethics

As the unipolar military world order has shifted to a multipolar economic world order, China and India have emerged as major actors in global geopolitics. While there is substantial scholarship ava...
Ga-substituted Li7La3Zr2O12: An investigation based on grain coarsening in garnet-type lithium ion conductors

Abstract Gallium substituted garnet-type Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 has been synthesized via a sol-gel (SG) and solid-state reaction (SSR) routes. The results of scanning electron spectroscopy measurements showed that the SG process produced statistically smaller powder particles than the SSR route. A structural transformation from tetragonal to cubic phase occurs at an elevated level of Gallium doping, resulting in a cubic structure for Li 5.5 La 3 Zr 2 Ga 0.5 O 12 (0.5Ga-LLZO). To facilitate the comparison of sintering procedures, powders of Ga-doped LLZO were sintered by both a conventional sintering process and a spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. For pellets sintered by SPS at 950 °C for 5 min, grain coarsening was limited due to the short sintering duration. However, grain coarsening was observed in the SPS pellets sintered at 950 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C for 5 h in air. The ionic conductivity was determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at temperatures in the range of 20 °C–100 °C. The total ionic conductivity was found to increase with increased relative density and larger grain size. The highest total ionic conductivity at room temperature was found to be in the range of 5.81 × 10 −5 S/cm (E a = 0.41 eV) in this work.
Body Weight Misconception and Maintenance Among Female African American College Students

The purpose of this study was to compare self-reported weight classifications with objectively measured body mass index (BMI) and weight management motivations among female African American (AA) st...
Ride Quality Within Conventional and Delta-Wing Trail Aircraft in Formation Flight

This paper investigates the ride quality for persons located within a trail aircraft flying in formation behind a lead aircraft to obtain fuel savings. As the trail aircraft flies at the optimum lo...
Iterative Combinatorial Symbol Design for Spatial Modulations in MIMO VLC Systems

This letter presents an iterative combinatorial symbol design algorithm for the generalized spatial modulation (GSM) in visible light communication systems. An approach that is fundamentally different from the available low complexity design methods is adopted by jointly considering both spatial and intensity bits in the symbol design. The proposed method is compared against existing symbol design methods for both photodiode array and camera receivers in terms of error performance and implementation complexity. The algorithm is shown to outperform several GSM symbol design methods, providing many decibels of performance gain. The proposed algorithm is also applicable to generalized space-shift keying and spatial modulation.
Can Explicit Instructions Reduce Expressions of Implicit Bias? New Questions Following a Test of a Specialized Jury Instruction

Judges, lawyers, and court staff have long recognized that explicit, or consciously endorsed, racial prejudices have no place in the American justice system. However, more subtle biases or prejudices can operate automatically, without awareness, intent, or conscious control. Members of the court community are beginning to identify this subtler form of racial bias, or implicit racial bias, as a partial explanation for persistent racial disparities in the criminal justice system. In the absence of empirically vetted interventions, some judges have created and currently use their own specialized jury instructions in hopes of minimizing expressions of such bias in juror judgment. However, depending on how these instructions are crafted, they may produce unintended, undesirable effects (e.g., by increasing expressions of bias against socially disadvantaged group members among certain types of individuals, or by making jurors feel more confident about their decision(s) without actually reducing expressions of bias in judgment). To prevent the distribution and implementation of jury instructions that may do more harm than good, any instruction of this kind must be carefully evaluated. In the present study, the authors sought to examine the efficacy of one specialized implicit bias jury instruction. Mock jurors who received the specialized instruction evaluated the strength of the defense’s case in subtly different ways from those who received a control instruction, but the instruction did not appear to significantly influence juror verdict preference, confidence, or sentence severity. Interestingly, the authors were unable to replicate with this sample the traditional baseline pattern of juror bias observed in other similar studies (c.f., Sommers & Ellsworth, 2000; Sommers & Ellsworth, 2001), which prevented a complete test of the value of the instructional intervention. Authors address several possible explanations for this failure to replicate, explore the possibility of shifts in cultural awareness and in the spontaneous correction for bias, and discuss implications for future work.
Anomalous Behavior of the Curve-Number Infiltration Model

AbstractThe curve-number (CN) infiltration model is widely used in translating rainfall hyetographs into runoff hydrographs. The model is anomalous in that it does not place any limit on the infilt...
Comparison of Accuracy of Alternative Models for Biochemical Pathways

During the past two decades, three new theories have been developed for the representation and analysis of biochemical phenomena: Biochemical Systems Theory, originated by Savageau (1969ab, 1970, 1971, 1972), Metabolic Control Theory, originated by Kacser & Bums (1973) and Heinrich and Rapoport (1974, 1975), and the theory originated by Crabtree & Newsholme (1978, 1985, 1987), which I shall call Flux-Oriented Theory (cf. Sorribas & Savageau, 1989b). All three theories have the ultimate goal to yield insight into the function and regulation of biochemical systems. In particular, they all intend to answer the question of how component and global properties are related to each other or, in other words, how the function of an integrated biochemical system can be deduced from kinetic observations of the component parts. Comparisons on the basis of the underlying theory (Savageau, Voit & Irvine, 1987ab), of results from application to the same systems (Sorribas & Savageau, 1989abc), and of the specific operations involved in the execution of an analysis (as described by Savageau in Chapter 4 of this book) all have shown that these three theories are related variants based on the Power-Law Formalism, even though some of the specific aims and applications of each approach may appear to be different.
Subtle Eyelid Retraction after Lower Blepharoplasty.

Summary Background Lower blepharoplasty is one of the commonest cosmetic surgeries performed in the United States. The delicate balance of the lower eyelid may be detrimentally altered in lower blepharoplasty, leading to lower eyelid retraction with the attendant functional and cosmetic consequences. Marginal reflex distance-2 (MRD2) is an insensitive measure for subtle lower eyelid retraction, and the MRD2 at the lateral limbus (MRD2limbus) and tarsal marginal show (TMS) may be more sensitive in identifying eyelid retraction and eversion. Methods This is a cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing lower blepharoplasty with skin pinch removal, laser resurfacing, or skin pinch removal with prophylactic lateral canthal resuspension. Mean follow-up was 22.1 weeks. Results There was no significant difference in MRD2 after surgery after either laser resurfacing, skin pinch, or skin pinch with canthoplasty, either after surgery or between groups. MRD2limbus was significantly increased after surgery in the skin pinch only group (p Conclusions MRD2limbus and TMS are more sensitive markers for lower eyelid retraction than MRD2. Subtle eyelid retraction and eversion occur after anterior lamellar work and can be prevented with prophylactic lateral canthal resuspension.
The African Incense Trade and Its Impacts in Pharaonic Egypt

Among ancient Egypt’s most prized imports were resins and other aromatics obtained mainly from or through Nubia and Punt, an area that included the African and Arabian shores of the southern Red Sea. Egyptian texts emphasized the association between these places and the imports of aromatics, indicating that the use of incense and other types of aromatics was likely a foreign introduction to ancient Egypt. This paper surveys the Egyptian terminology for specific and general forms of incense and proposed modern identifications. It presents the evidence for Egyptian contact with Punt in the context of the incense trade and shows the importance of African aromatics within several spheres of Egyptian culture from the late Predynastic to Ptolemaic times. Egyptian religious practices embraced incense as a signifier of the divine, and Nubian gods in the Egyptian pantheon were intimately associated with incense. Apart from religion, aromatics played important roles in the political realm, and both the aromatics trade and processing were a state enterprise. We explore the political, economic, and commercial networks that shaped the importation of aromatics in ancient Egypt and the implications for understanding cultural appropriation and intercultural entanglement between Egypt and its southern neighbors.
SSA Solutions case study : being our customers' first choice

Deutsche Post World Net (DPWN) is a post and telegraph (P&T) company in Germany that went through the metamorphosis from being a P&T company to one of the world's leading logistics service providers. They commenced their operations in the year 1999, and as a cash-rich company they chose inorganic growth by acquiring companies in a similar field. Most notably, one of those acquisitions was one of the world's largest logistics companies DHL. It then went on to rebrand itself as DP DHL.
Continuous dose-response modeling and risk analysis with the gamma and reciprocal gamma distributions

Kodell and West (1993) describe two methods for calculating pointwise upper confidence limits on the risk function with normally distributed responses and using a certain definition of adverse quantitative effect. But Banga et al. (2000) have shown that these normal theory methods break down when applied to skew data. We accordingly develop a risk analysis model and associated likelihood-based methodology when the response follows either a gamma or reciprocal gamma distribution. The model supposes that the shape (index) parameter k of the response distribution is held fixed while the logarithm of the scale parameter is a linear model in terms of the dose level. Existence and uniqueness of the maximum likelihood estimates is established. Asymptotic likelihood-based upper and lower confidence limits on the risk are solutions of the Lagrange equations associated with a constrained optimization problem. Starting values for an iterative solution are obtained by replacing the Lagrange equations by the lowest order terms in their asymptotic expansions. Three methods are then compared for calculating confidence limits on the risk: (i) the aforementioned starting values (LRAL method), (ii) full iterative solution of the Lagrange equations (LREL method), and (iii) bounds obtained using approximate normality of the maximum likelihood estimates with standard errors derived from the information matrix (MLE method). Simulation is used to assess coverage probabilities for the resulting upper confidence limits when the log of the scale parameter is quadratic in the dose level. Results indicate that coverage for the MLE method can be off by as much as 15% points and converges very slowly to nominal coverage levels as the sample size increases. Coverage for the LRAL and LREL methods, on the other hand, is close to nominal levels unless (a) the sample size is small, say N < 25, (b) the index parameter is small, say k ≤ 1, and (c) the direction of adversity is to the left for the gamma distribution or to the right for the reciprocal gamma distribution.
Distribution or Diversion? Distribution of Local Public Goods in the Presence of Clientelist Brokers:

In this article, I argue that, in clientelist regimes, money officially allocated to local public goods will sometimes be diverted to private handouts, and that the extent of diversion will be syst...
Frugivorous Monkeys Feeding in a Tropical Rainforest: Barí Ethnobotanical Ethnoprimatology in Venezuela

The Bari, an Amerindian society in the Sierra de Perija between Venezuela and Colombia, have a mixed subsistence economy that integrates horticulture with fishing and hunting. Hunting produced just a quarter of the meat consumed in the 1970s, and although monkeys accounted for less than 6% of that amount, they still play an important cultural role. In the Bari territory, four species of monkey are known to exist: white-bellied spider (Ateles hybridus), red howler (Alouatta seniculus), white-fronted capuchin (Cebus leucocephalus), and gray-handed night monkeys (Aotus griseimembra), all of which are quite abundant. In an ethnobotanical study in Bari homeland, out of all trees censused (N = 3664) in 5.4 hectares of forest, 2476 individual trees (67.8%) provide food for monkeys. One hundred and two species of tress provided food for many animals, including monkeys. As humans “anthropogenically” create “cultural forests,” primates must be doing something very similar, by making their forest a “primatogenical” one. Therefore, most Neotropical forests are primatogenical since monkeys and humans disperse fruits of most trees, but monkeys still do most of it. Therefore, the preservation of these monkeys is key to the future of this forest, which could support larger fauna. Based on this research, primates are likely to be essential species in the reproduction of two-thirds of the Bari forest.
Histone Deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) influences maturation and mitochondrial dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons.

Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is a major HDAC protein in the adult brain and has been shown to regulate many neuronal genes. Aberrant expression of HDAC2 and subsequent dysregulation of neuronal gene expression is implicated in neurodegeneration and brain aging. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons (hiPSC-Ns) are widely used models for studying neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, however the role of HDAC2 in hiPSC-N differentiation and maturation has not been explored. In this study, we show that levels of HDAC2 progressively decrease as hiPSCs are differentiated towards neurons. This suppression of HDAC2 inversely corresponds to an increase in neuron-specific isoforms of Endophilin-B1, a multifunctional protein involved in mitochondrial dynamics. Expression of neuron-specific isoforms of Endophilin-B1 are is accompanied by concomitant expression of a neuron-specific alternative splicing factor, SRRM4. Manipulation of HDAC2 and Endophilin-B1 using lentiviral approaches shows that knock-down of HDAC2 or overexpression of a neuron-specific Endophilin-B1 isoform promotes mitochondrial elongation and protects against cytotoxic stress in hiPSC-Ns, while HDAC2 knock-down specifically influences genes regulating mitochondrial dynamics and synaptogenesis. Furthermore, HDAC2 knock-down promotes enhanced mitochondrial respiration. Collectively, our study demonstrates a role for HDAC2 in hiPSC-neuronal differentiation, highlights neuron-specific isoforms of Endophilin-B1 as a marker of differentiating hiPSC-Ns, and demonstrates that HDAC2 regulates key neuronal and mitochondrial pathways in hiPSC-Ns.
Improving compliance with guidelines for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy through an electronic health record alert: A retrospective chart review.

Abstract Objectives Improve appropriate and timely administration of rapid acting antihypertensive medication for the management of hypertensive emergency in pregnancy with utilization of an automated electronic health record (EHR) alert in an academic birthplace. Study design An automated alert was incorporated into an existing EHR that notified providers of a documented severe range blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 110 mmHg. Retrospective chart review was utilized to evaluate appropriate intervention before and after implementation of the alert (referred to as pre-implementation and post-implementation cohorts). Main outcome measures The primary outcome was appropriate administration of rapid-acting antihypertensive medication for the management of hypertensive emergency. Secondary outcomes included: appropriate administration of intravenous (IV) magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis, initiation of oral antihypertensive medication postpartum, and appropriate timing of follow up for blood pressure evaluation following discharge. Results Of 98 patients identified as having hypertensive emergency in the pre-implementation cohort, 34 (35%) received treatment with a rapid acting antihypertensive medication within one hour compared with 54 of 104 (55%) of patients in the post-implementation cohort (35% vs 55%, RR 1.40 95% CI 1.07–1.82). Significantly more patients followed up for a blood pressure check within one week of discharge (41% vs 31%; p = 0.02). There was not a significant effect on the administration of IV magnesium sulfate or initiation of oral medications postpartum. Conclusion An automated EHR alert improved timely administration of rapid-acting antihypertensive medications for hypertensive emergency and has the potential to improve compliance with national preeclampsia guidelines.
Abstract 1431: Role of emt biomarkers in mediating osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

Osimeritinib (OR), a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor is a first-line therapy in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients. Resistance to OR treatment may occur due to acquired C797S mutations, MET amplifications and ALK rearrangements and other mechanisms not clearly defined. EMT may be one of the reasons for TKI resistance. EMT is a process by which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal characteristics that increase invasiveness. We hypothesize that loss of E-cadherin during EMT, results in abnormal localization of p120 catenin, an E-cadherin regulating protein, and Kaiso factor, a repressor of Wnt signaling, promoting oncogenesis. Protein arginine methyl transferase 1 (PRMT1) an EMT regulator catalyzes methylation of Twist1, which represses E-cadherin. However, their role in OR resistance is still unknown. We have made parental (P) NSCLC cells, H2170, H358, H1975 and H3255 resistant to OR. MTT assays were performed on the parental cells and OR resistant cells which showed that the H2170OR, H3255OR, H358OR, H1975OR cells had IC50 for OR, 2.8-14 fold higher in comparison to parental cells, respectively. We further performed qPCR to study the modulation of EMT biomarkers in OR cells as compared to parental cells and found upregulation of PRMT1, p120 catenin and Kaiso factor by 1.5-3.67 fold respectively in H1975 cells and 1.5-5.73 fold in H3255 cells. Immunofluorescence studies in H1975OR cells for expression of PRMT1 showed that there was 3.18 fold increase as compared to 2.21 fold increase in Erlotinib resistant H1975 (H1975ER) and 4.77 fold increase in H3255OR as compared to 2.27 fold increase in H3255ER. After transfection with p120 siRNA we found that OR efficacy was increased by 33% in comparison to mock siRNA and OR treated cells. The percentage wound closure after 24 hours was found to be 26.2% in the p120-catenin siRNA transfected cells as compared to 7.4%.in mock siRNA transfected cells (p Citation Format: Kavya Sri Racherla, Katrina Dovalovsky, Neelu Puri. Role of emt biomarkers in mediating osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1431.
Two steps, one ligand: How PPARγ binds small-molecule agonists

In this issue of Structure,Shang and Kojetin (2021) present insights into the binding mechanism of artificial agonists to the PPARγ nuclear receptor. These data support a two-step model with induced fit and conformational selection aspects. This mechanism may exist in related receptors, providing new opportunities for drug development.
Do Local Governments Really Have Too Much Power? Understanding the National League of Cities’ Principles of Home Rule for the Twenty-First Century

This Article is an explanation and defense of the National League of Cities’ (NLC) Principles of Home Rule for the Twenty-First Century, which the authors participated in drafting. The Principles both articulates a vision of state-local relations appropriate to an urban age and, as with previous efforts stretching back to the Progressive Era, includes a model constitutional home rule article designed to serve as the foundation for state-level constitutional law reform. The Article explains the origins of the Principles project, outlines the major components of the model constitutional provision, and defends the model against a set of criticisms common to this and past reform efforts. Necessitated by the increasingly hostile relationship between cities and their states, the Principles is meant to reset the state-local relationship to better align local legal authority with the actual role that local governments play in contemporary governance. Cities currently do not have sufficient authority to address the basic problems of urban governance. And the global pandemic has illustrated the widening gap between cities and their states over even the most basic of public health and safety issues. Cities are seeking to address these and other constituent concerns but are regularly stymied by state law often aggressively deployed to punish local officials and limit their democratic responsiveness. A reformed home rule is an essential aspect of the states’ “internal federalism” and crucial to addressing the challenges of twenty-first century governance.
Block copolymer micelle formation in a solvent good for all the blocks

To produce desired aggregate structures of copoly- mers, the copolymer is usually first dissolved in a common solvent that dissolves all the blocks. However, a solvent hav- ingtheexact samesolubilitytoalltheblocksofacopolymeris rare. Hence, it is extremely important to know whether the block copolymer forms micelle in a common solvent, and if it does, to know the micelle's structure. In this study, we used polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) dissolved in dimethyl formamide (DMF) as a model system to address block copolymer micelle formation and its structure in a solvent good for all the blocks as DMF dissolves both PS and P4VP. Our atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) results clearly demonstrated that PS-b-P4VP with a wide range of molecular weight and P4VP composition in DMF forms a spherical micelle. Furthermore, contact angle measurements and TEM results clearly show that the micelle has a PS core and a P4VP corona. In com- paring the dry micelle and the micelle in DMF, we discovered that the micelle core is significantly swelled by DMF. Our findings suggest that soft-core micelles widely exist for block copolymers in solvents good for all the blocks but with significant selectivity between different blocks.
Lie Groups and Lie Algebras

A Lie group is a manifold that is also a group such that the group operations are smooth. Classical groups such as the general and special linear groups over ℝ and over ℂ, orthogonal groups, unitary groups, and symplectic groups are all Lie groups.
A review of the North and Central American Megachile subgenus Argyropile Mitchell (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

We provide a synopsis of Megachile subgenus Argyropile, describe a new species from Mexico and Guatemala, present descriptions for previously unknown males, and explore the internal phylogeny of the group. We also provide an illustrated key in Spanish and English to all of its species. Seven species, including Megachile longuisetosa Gonzalez & Griswold, new species, are recognized herein. Females of M. longuisetosa can be separated from other species of Argyropile by the combination of the following characters: mid basitarsus with anterodistal margin strongly, acutely projected, mesoscutal-mesoscutellar suture with distinct pubescent fascia, and apical margin of sixth sternum abruptly bent dorsally and males by the sixth tergum with preapical carina and apical margin entire, fifth and sixth sterna with simple, unmodified setae, and apex of gonoforceps with long setae. The males of Megachile sabinensis and M. rossi, are described and illustrated for the first time. Megachile asterae and M. tulariana are considered as new synonyms of M. parallela. In a cladistic analysis, two most parsimonious trees were obtained for Argyropile, from 13 morphological characters. Two clades were clearly differentiated: one clade includes M. sabinensis and M. subparallela, while the other one includes the remaining species. The phylogenetic relationship of the new species and the biology of the subgenus are discussed.
Maternal Administration of Vitamin K Does Not Improve the Coagulation Profile of Preterm Infants

The effect of maternal administration of vitamin K1 on cord blood prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, activity of factors II, VII, and X, and antigen levels of factors II and X in infants less than 35 weeks' gestation was evaluated. Pregnant women in preterm labor were randomly assigned to receive 10 mg of vitamin K1 intramuscularly or no injection. If delivery did not occur in 4 days, the dose of vitamin K1 was repeated. Women who continued their pregnancy 4 days beyond the second dose received 20 mg of vitamin K1 orally daily until the end of the 34th week of gestation. The birth weights of infants ranged from 370 to 2550 g and gestational age ranged from 22 to 34 weeks. The prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, factors II, VII, and X activity, and factors II and X antigen levels were not statistically different in either group of infants. Intraventricular hemorrhage occurred in 25 of 51 control infants and 25 of 47 vitamin K-treated infants. More control infants had grade III intraventricular hemorrhage on day 1 (P = .032), but on day 3 and 14 of life, the severity of intraventricular hemorrhage was comparable in both groups. Infants in whom an intraventricular hemorrhage developed were significantly smaller, younger, and more critically ill than infants without intraventricular hemorrhage. Administration of vitamin K1 to pregnant women at less than 35 weeks' gestation does not improve the hemostatic defects nor does it reduce the incidence or severity of intraventricular hemorrhage in their infants.
The biology and pathology of the familial Parkinson's disease protein LRRK2

Parkinson's disease (PD) is typically a sporadic illness, but the past decade has witnessed the identification of mutations responsible for multiple familial forms of the disease. The proposed functions of some of these genes (e.g., E3 ubiquitin ligase, redox-dependent chaperone) have led to the hypothesis that dysfunction of protein quality control pathways contributes to PD neurodegeneration. However, the key signaling events that act downstream of misfolded proteins to cause cell death remain poorly defined. The discovery of the familial PD kinase leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) holds great promise for the elucidation of signaling events relevant to PD neurodegeneration. This review will summarize current knowledge of the clinical and cell biological features of LRRK2, the most common inherited cause of Parkinsonism.
Reduction of lipid-laden macrophage index after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in cystic fibrosis patients after lung transplantation.

Background Lipid-laden macrophage (LLM) index could be potentially useful in assessing gastroesophageal (GE) reflux and aspiration after lung transplantation (LT) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods A retrospective review of CF patients undergoing LT and/or laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2011, was performed. Results Seventeen CF patients (nine women), mean (±SD) age 27.9 ± 7.5 yr, underwent LT with mean (±SD) pre-transplant FEV1 of 20.9 ± 5.0% predicted. Seventy percentage (12/17) of patients underwent LNF without complications within 1–2 wk of LT. After LT, but prior to antireflux surgery, there was no significant difference in the mean (±SD) baseline LLM index (154 ± 41 vs. 146 ± 51, p = NS) between patients who were to undergo LNF and patients who did not. After LNF, a significant reduction in the mean (±SD) LLM index occurred following the procedure (154 ± 41–74 ± 54, p < 0.0001) while each patient reported resolution of symptoms of GE reflux, whereas 40% (2/5) undergoing only medical treatment reported resolution of symptoms. Conclusions Significant reduction in the LLM index occurred after LNF in CF patients after LT that correlated with resolution of clinical symptoms of GE reflux.
Abstract 2430: Gastric cancer cell lines with c-Met gene amplification are sensitive to growth inhibition by the bivalent c-Met antibody LA480

Gastric cancer is common in Asia, and advanced disease is typically incurable. Development of effective treatments for gastric cancer is thus a high priority to address this highly unmet clinical need. c-Met gene amplification resulting in c-Met overexpression and pathway activation has been highly linked to tumor progression and metastasis. It has been reported that approximately 10-20% of gastric tumors have increased copy numbers of the MET gene. c-Met- amplified gastric cancer cell lines that are dependent on an activated c-Met pathway for cell growth have been reported to be highly sensitive to growth inhibition by small molecule inhibitors of c-Met. We report that LA480, a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for c-Met, can directly inhibit HGF-independent in vitro cell proliferation of three c-Met- amplified Asian gastric cell lines (MKN45, SNU-5, and NUGC-4), in a dose-dependent manner. After 48 hours of treatment with LA480, 60-70% percent inhibition of 3 H-thymidine incorporation was observed. For one of these gastric lines (NUGC-4), sensitivity to LA480 increases with continuous passage of the culture. This increased sensitivity to LA480 over time appears to be associated with increased expression of cell surface c-Met and increased constitutive phospho-Met expression. In addition to inhibiting proliferation of c-Met- amplified Asian gastric lines, LA480 also directly inhibited proliferation of a c-Met- amplified gastric cell line (Hs 746T) from a Caucasian patient. These data suggest that targeting c-Met amplification with LA480 may be a promising treatment for gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2430.
The effect of surface contact activation and temperature on plasma coagulation with an RNA aptamer directed against factor IXa

The anticoagulant properties of a novel RNA aptamer that binds FIXa depend collectively on the intensity of surface contact activation of human blood plasma, aptamer concentration, and its binding affinity for FIXa. Accordingly, anticoagulation efficiency of plasma containing any particular aptamer concentration is low when coagulation is strongly activated by hydrophilic surfaces compared to the anticoagulation efficiency in plasma that is weakly activated by hydrophobic surfaces. Anticoagulation efficiency is lower at hypothermic temperatures possibly because aptamer-FIXa binding decreases with decreasing temperatures. Experimental results demonstrating these trends are qualitatively interpreted in the context of a previously established model of anticoagulation efficiency of thrombin-binding DNA aptamers that exhibit anticoagulation properties similar to the FIXa aptamer. In principle, FIXa aptamer anticoagulants should be more efficient and therefore more clinically useful than thrombin-binding aptamers because aptamer binding to FIXa competes only with FX that is at much lower blood concentration than fibrinogen (FI) that competes with thrombin-binding aptamers. Our findings may have translatable relevance in the application of aptamer anticoagulants for clinical conditions in which blood is in direct contact with non-biological surfaces such as those encountered in cardiopulmonary bypass circuits.
Rheological properties of corn meal dough / Propiedades reológicas de la pasta de harina de maíz

The rheological properties of cooked corn meal dough were determined by squeezing flow, steady shear, and dynamic shear rheological methods. Under biaxial extension, the material exhibited strain- thinning behavior and the normal stress difference could be modeled as a function of biaxial strain rate, with a flow behavior index, n, of 0.38-0.52 and the biaxial consistency coefficient, Kb, ranging from 4.63 x 107 to 9.75 x 107 Pa.s". Steady and dynamic shear studies suggest that the dough exhibits shear-thinning behavior at a shear rate range of 1-40 s-1 and more viscous-like characteristics under dynamic conditions (0.5-10 s-1 frequency). Particle size distribution of the corn meal may affect some of the rheological properties (K b, K, n) of the cooked dough. Further research is necessary to establish correlation between material variation and product quality for improvement of processes such as extrusion, baking or frying.