cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field Efficacy Assessment of Transgenic Roundup Ready Wheat

Herbicide tolerant crops provide farmers access to a new weed control option of nonselective herbicide such as Roundup 1 . A wheat transgenic event 33391 was produced via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a donor cultivar Bobwhite wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and was identified as a commercial candidate to develop Roundup Ready wheat 2 . The objective of this study was to assess field efficacy of the transgenic event in spring wheat production regions in North America. Transgenic event 33391 was tested in field trials at 14 locations in 1999, 13 locations in 2000, and 14 locations in 2001. All trials were split-plot designs with multiple rates of Roundup treatment. No vegetative or reproductive damage was observed with the application of 4 L ha -1 Roundup at the 3- to 5-leaf stages. No yield reduction was observed with Roundup treatment. The transgenic event with or without Roundup application yielded as high as the nontransgenic Bobwhite. These results indicate that the wheat transgenic event 33391 has at least 2x tolerance to the nonselective herbicide Roundup.
Assessing the Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors and Training Needs Related to Infant Feeding, Specifically Breastfeeding, of Child Care Providers

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and training needs of child care providers on infant feeding practices, specifically breastfeeding. Needs assessment surveys for child care directors and infant room teachers were developed, tested and mailed to the 277 Colorado child care centers licensed to care for infants (≤12 months); 1,385 surveys were mailed. A total of 267 surveys were received for an overall response rate of 20%. The majority (79%) of infant room teachers and directors reported low knowledge on ways to adequately store breastmilk and formula. Perceived attitudes on the advantages and disadvantages of breastmilk versus formula as well as behaviors associated with offering working mothers a supportive breastfeeding environment (e.g. breast pumps available at center, offer mothers a place to breastfeed) were also examined. Directors and infant room teachers desired updated infant feeding information for themselves, co-workers and parents. They wanted English and Spanish information regarding breastfeeding, formula feeding and introducing solid foods. Eighty-six percent of directors and 67% of teachers stated they have Internet access at work. Eighty-eight percent of directors and 79% of teachers would be interested in an infant feeding website. According to the results of the needs assessment, child care directors and infant room teachers are in need of current, accessible infant feeding information. Child care directors and infant room teachers desired a website with bilingual and best practice infant feeding information specific to the needs of child care providers.
Superior recall of letters in the right visual field with bilateral presentation and partial report.

Summary The present investigation addresses itself to the question of whether a right visual field effect would emerge under conditions of bilateral letter presentation and partial report. Tachistoscopic trials consisting of eight letters, four in each field, were presented for 100 msec., to twenty right-handed adults. S s were instructed to report the content of only one field on each trial. Under these conditions a right field superiority was obtained and an interaction between field and stimulus position. The field asymmetry appears to reflect the operations of cerebral dominance while the interaction suggests the influence of mnemonic factors.
Theoretical Study of the Tautomeric/Conformational Equilibrium of Aspartic Acid Zwitterions in Aqueous Solution

The present study is the first attempt at the theoretical calculation of the tautomeric/conformational equilibrium for a zwitterionic α-amino acid in aqueous solution. The gas-phase zwitterionic structure for aspartic acid (Asp) does not correspond to a local minimum on the potential energy surface. The optimized geometry was determined for the dihydrated zwitterion at the HF/6-31G* level. Single-point calculations for the isolated zwitterion, with the geometry optimized for the dihydrate, were performed up to the QCISD(T)/6-31G* and MP2/6-311++G** levels. Vibrational-frequency-dependent thermal corrections were calculated for the dihydrates. Relative hydration free energies of the isomeric species were calculated using the free energy perturbation method implemented in Monte Carlo simulations. In a second approach, relative free energies were calculated using the self-consistent isodensity polarizable continuum model (SCIPCM). In aqueous solution, aspartic acid forms two tautomeric zwitterions (α and β),...
Direct serum inorganic phosphate determination

Abstract A simple serum microinorganic phosphate determination is described which obviates protein precipitation. Chylous or turbid specimens can also be processed, but a sample blank must be included. The latter treatment is simple and is required only infrequently. Two sets of specimens were investigated for their inorganic phosphate content. One set included clear or slightly opalescent serums while the other set consisted of chylous and turbid specimens. Both sets were analyzed for phosphate content by the new direct technique with the sample correction applied to only the second set. In addition, phosphate concentration was determined in all specimens from both sets using a protein precipitation technique considered here as a reference procedure (3). The results obtained for both sets by the direct technique correlated well with those obtained by the reference method. Jaundiced specimens do not present a problem because the yellow color due to bilirubin does not absorb at the wavelength used. The red hemoglobin color does not interfere for the same reason. However, grossly hemolyzed specimens are not suitable because of the high phosphate content in erythrocytes.
Trapped-Particle Instability

A simple model for a new instability resulting from particles trapped in a large-amplitude electrostatic wave is invoked to explain the generation of satellite frequencies in a recently reported experiment by Wharton, Malmberg, and O'Neil. The model predicts satellites on the large-amplitude wave at a frequency separation proportional to $\sqrt{E}$, where $E$ is the amplitude of the large wave. The predicted growth rates reasonably account for the observed growth of these satellites.
Critique of parton-model calculations of azimuthal dependence in leptoproduction.

In leptoproduction the outgoing hadron jet has an asymmetry about the direction of the momentum transfer of the leptons, measured relative to the plane containing the lepton momenta. In the naive parton model the asymmetry arises from the transverse momentum of the constituent quarks. In calculating the cross section, including the asymmetry, one must not simply take the sum of the cross sections on the individual quarks, but instead follow a slightly different procedure. Failure to do so produces not only the wrong answer, but an answer inconsistent with Lorentz invariance.
Optimization of operating room allocation using linear programming techniques

Abstract Background New and innovative approaches must be used to rationally allocate scarce resources such as operating room time while simultaneously optimizing the associated financial return. In this article we use the technique of linear programming to optimize allocation of OR time among a group of surgeons based on professional fee generation. Study design For the period of December 1, 2000, to July 31, 2002, the following individualized data were obtained for the Division of General Surgery at Duke University Medical Center: allocated OR time (hours), case mix as determined by CPT codes, total OR time used, and normalized professional charges and receipts. Inpatient, outpatient, and emergency cases were included. The Solver linear programming routine in Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corp.) was used to determine the optimal mix of surgical OR time allocation to maximize professional receipts. Results Our model of optimized OR allocation would maximize weekly professional revenues at $237,523, a potential increase of 15% over the historical value of $207,700 or an annualized increase of approximately $1.5 million. Conclusions Our results suggest that mathematical modeling techniques used in operations research, management science, or decision science may rationally optimize OR allocation to maximize revenue or to minimize costs. These techniques may optimize allocation of scarce resources in the context of the goals specific to individual academic departments of surgery.
The usefulness of buccal swabs for mutation screening in patients with suspected corneal dystrophies

Abstract Purpose To make ophthalmologists aware of the usefulness of buccal swabs for the collection of cells from which DNA may be extracted to be used in genetic screening of patients with known or suspected inherited ocular disorders, such as corneal dystrophies. Design Illustrative interventional case report. Methods Buccal epithelial swabs were collected from a 3-year-old boy with a presumed corneal dystrophy and his unaffected parents. Swabs were mailed to a laboratory where transforming growth factor-β–induced gene ( TGFBI ) mutation screening was performed. Main outcome measures Results of sequencing TGFBI exons 4 and 12. Results Transforming growth factor-β–induced gene mutation screening in a child with bilateral anterior corneal stromal opacification revealed the following changes in exon 12: 1667T>C (Phe540Phe), 1684C>A (Ala546Asp), and 1699C>A (Pro551Gln). The child's father demonstrated the 1667T>C nucleotide substitution, but neither parent demonstrated the 1684T>C or the 1699C>A changes. Conclusions Buccal swabs provide the ophthalmologist with a simple, inexpensive means of collecting and transporting cells from which DNA may be extracted to be used to either confirm or refute diagnoses solely on the basis of clinical features. In this case, the diagnosis of an atypical variant of lattice corneal dystrophy was made on the basis of the identification of previously reported mutations in TGFBI .
On functions of bounded deviation II

On etudie les fonctions sur le groupe du cercle T dont les restrictions a un intervalle I ont des coefficients de Fourier qui sont O(1/n) uniformement dans I
Reading glasses will prime vision, but reading a pair of glasses will not

In a lexical decision task with two primes and a target, the target was preceded 300 msec by the second prime (P2) which in turn was preceded by a brief forward and backward masked first prime (P1). When P1 and P2 were unrelated, reaction times were faster when the target was related to P2 (e.g.,wave SALT ... pepper) than when the target was unrelated to P2 (and P1—e.g.,wave LOAN ... pepper). However, this semantic priming effect was reduced to statistically nonsignificant levels when P1 and P2 were repetitions of the same word. That is, priming did not occur forsalt SALT ... pepper relative toloan LOAN ... pepper. This reduction in priming was observed whether P2 and the target were strongly or weakly related. These findings raise problems for current accounts of semantic priming.
Shear Strengths of Heated and Unheated Mixtures of MgSO4 and CaSO4 Powders. Model Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Filter Cakes

Shear strengths were measured (at 22 °C) for powders of MgSO4, CaSO4, and their mixtures both before and after heating at 750 °C for 1 h. The strengths were significantly greater for the heated samples and for samples that contained MgSO4. The compound Mg2Ca(SO4)3 was detected in the heated mixtures. The experiments were motivated by the hypothesis that excessively hard and strong deposits observed in the hot-gas filtration vessel of a first-generation pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) system were formed by solid-state diffusion and formation of “necks” at points of contact between MgSO4 and/or CaSO4 particles. The experimental results support this hypothesis and predict which limestone/dolomite minerals should be chosen as SOx sorbents.
Freshwater snails alter habitat use in response to predation

This study compared snail habitat use in Michigan lakes that contain a predator, the molluscivorous pumpkinseed sunfish,Lepomis gibbosus, with snail habitat use in adjacent lakes lacking pumpkinseeds. Snails in lakes with pumpkinseeds used the covered portion of standardized substrates more often than did snails in lakes lacking pumpkinseeds. The hypothesis that covered habitats provide a refuge from fish predation was experimentally tested by stockingPhysellainto artificial pools and manipulating the presence of cover and pumpkinseeds. After 3 days, survivorship ofPhysellawas 15-fold higher in pools containing a covered habitat. To test for the existence of chemically mediated predator avoidance behaviours inPhysella, they were exposed to water that had been in contact with (1) pumpkinseeds and (2) crushed conspecifics.Physelladid not change their habitat use when exposed to water that had been in contact with pumpkinseeds, but increased their refuge use two-fold over controls when exposed to water that had been in contact with crushed conspecifics. The effects of habitat structure on the type of predator avoidance response used byPhysellawas tested by exposing them to mortality risk in wading pools with and without covered habitats.Physelladid not move to the surface in response to mortality risk if a covered habitat was available, but in the absence of a covered habitat they responded to mortality risk by moving to the water's surface. Possible consequences of flexible behavioural choices by snails for population and community-level processes are discussed.
Dynamic thermal management for FinFET-based circuits exploiting the temperature effect inversion phenomenon

Due to limits on the availability of the energy source in many mobile user platforms (ranging from handheld devices to portable electronics to deeply embedded devices) and concerns about how much heat can effectively be removed from chips, minimizing the power consumption has become a primary driver for system-on-chip designers. Because of their superb characteristics, FinFETs have emerged as a promising replacement for planar CMOS devices in sub-20nm CMOS technology nodes. However, based on extensive simulations, we have observed that the delay vs. temperature characteristics of FinFET-based circuits are fundamentally different from that of the conventional bulk CMOS circuits, i.e., the delay of a FinFET circuit decreases with increasing temperature even in the super-threshold supply voltage regime. Unfortunately, the leakage power dissipation of the FinFET-based circuits increases exponentially with the temperature. These two trends give rise to a tradeoff between delay and leakage power as a function of the chip temperature, and hence, lead to the definition of an optimum chip temperature operating point (i.e., one that balances concerns about the circuit speed and power efficiency.) This paper presents the results of our investigations into the aforesaid temperature effect inversion (TEI) and proposes a novel dynamic thermal management (DTM) algorithm, which exploits this phenomenon to minimize the energy consumption of FinFET-based circuits without any appreciable performance penalty. Experimental results demonstrate 40% energy saving (with no performance penalty) can be achieved by the proposed TEI-aware DTM approach compared to the best-in-class DTMs that are unaware of this phenomenon.
Consensus rules based on decisive families: The case of hierarchies

Abstract The notion of a decisive family of voters has played an important role in the analysis of various consensus functions defined on preference profiles. This role remains when the domain shifts to profiles of hierarchical classifications. The main result of this paper is a characterization of consensus rules defined on hierarchies where the output clusters are determined by a decisive family of sets.
Microfluidic switching system for analyzing chemotaxis responses of wortmannin-inhibited HL-60 cells

The chemotaxis of phosphoinositide kinase-3 (PI3K)-inhibited differentiated HL-60 cells stably expressing CXCR2 was studied in a microfluidic switching gradient device that can generate stable and well-defined forward and reverse gradients. Wortmannin, a widely used PI3K inhibitor, was added during cell preparation and the experiment process. The studies quantify the chemotaxis gradient and the effects of a change in the direction of a CXCL-8 gradient on cell migration. PI3K-inhibited HL-60 cells migrated more efficiently toward the gradient before gradient switching than after, as measured by the effective chemotactic index. The inhibited HL-60 cells also showed that inadequate polarization, slower response time, and reduced cell populations can follow the gradient change. We observed that the role of PI3K in directing cellular response to gradient reversal was important in cell polarization and directional sensing associated with gradient switching.
Developing resources to support a national computer science curriculum for K-12

This session will continue efforts by the ACM and Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA) to create a comprehensive body of resources to support the implementation of a national K-12 computer science curriculum. The ACM K-12 Computer Science Curriculum Committee, with input from the Computer Science educational community, published a Model Curriculum [1] in 2003. The Model suggests a four-level curriculum. Level-I topics, primarily for the K-8 years, closely follow the well-defined ISTE Standards [2]. Level-II topics are suggested for all students in grades 9 or 10 and are comprised of introductory computer science content. Level-III topics focus on analysis and design with emphasis on the scientific and engineering aspects of computer science. The Level III course is intended for students who may be interested in continuing their education in computer science at the college level. AP Computer Science and special topics courses comprise Level-4. This special session will focus on the learning objectives and activities for Level III of the K-12 Computer Science Model curriculum. Attendees will be invited to provide critical feedback that will help move the curriculum project forward.
Comprehensive Background Calibration of Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters

A dynamic path-mismatch calibration operating on direct derivative information (DDI) augments the reference-path equalization technique of that treats static mismatch errors in time-interleaved (TI) analog-to-digital converters (ADC). The approach results in a comprehensive background calibration of interleaved ADC arrays suitable for digitizing wideband inputs. The DDI of the analog input is produced by a passive high-pass filter (HPF) followed by a zero-crossing comparator, and subsequently utilized in the process to extract the dynamic mismatch profiles of the TI conversion paths, i.e., timing skew, bandwidth mismatch, etc. A zero-forcing algorithm drives the adaptive tuning procedures of the converter front-end circuits to eliminate the mismatch errors at source. The non-idealities of the DDI circuitry and their impact on the calibration performance are discussed. Behavioral simulation of an 8-bit, 20-GS/s TI-ADC reveals that signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio (SNDR) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) over 47 dB and 70 dB, respectively, can be routinely obtained for single-tone inputs from DC to Nyquist after calibration, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed technique.
Robotic gastrointestinal surgery: early experience and system description.

Background and Purpose: Robotic technology has recently been introduced to gastrointestinal laparoscopic surgery. Its addition offers the promise of opening more procedures up to minimally invasive surgery. One system is described and illustrated in detail using antireflux surgery as an example. Patients and Methods: Seventy patients underwent robotically assisted gastrointestinal surgical procedures. These procedures were antireflux surgery (25), bowel resection (18), cholecystectomy (8), Heller myotomy (5), splenectomy (5), exploratory laparoscopy (4), adrenalectomy (1), pyloroplasty (1), and resection of a gastric mass (1) and duodenal (1) and colonic (1) polyps. Results and Conclusion: Seventeen percent of patients required conversion to either an open or a standard laparoscopic procedure. This early experience with an the first Food and Drug Administration-approved general surgery robotic surgical system showed that it is safe and effective, the system has significant promise.
Glyoxalase I activity and immunoreactivity in the aging human lens

Glyoxalase I (GLOI) is the first enzyme of the glyoxalase system that catalyzes the metabolism of reactive dicarbonyls, such as methylglyoxal (MGO). During aging and cataract development, human lens proteins are chemically modified by MGO, which is likely due to inadequate metabolism of MGO by the glyoxalase system. In this study, we have determined the effect of aging on GLOI activity and the immunoreactivity and morphological distribution of GLOI in the human lens. A monoclonal antibody was developed against human GLOI. GLOI immunoreactivity was strongest in the anterior epithelial cells and weaker in rest of the lens. Cultured human lens epithelial cells showed immunostaining throughout the cytoplasm. In the human lens, GLOI activity and immunoreactivity both decreased with age. We believe that this would lead to promotion of MGO-modification in aging lens proteins.
Novel biological therapies for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

The therapeutic management of multiple myeloma (MM) for the last several decades has mainly involved regimens based on use of glucocorticoids and cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. Despite progress in delineating the activity of such regimens, at either conventional or high doses, MM has remained an incurable disease, without substantial improvement in the median overall survival. This has sparked major interest in the development of novel therapies that in part capitalize on recent advances in our understanding of the biology of MM, including the molecular mechanisms by which MM cell-host bone marrow (BM) interactions regulate tumor-cell growth, survival, and drug resistance in the BM milieu. The development of in vitro and in vivo models of MM-stromal interactions has allowed not only for better characterization of these molecular phenomena but also for identification of specific therapeutic strategies to overcome these interactions and achieve an enhanced anti-MM effect, even against MM resistant to conventional therapies. Herein, we review the latest progress in the development of these novel anti-MM therapies, with major focus on therapies which have translated from preclinical evaluation to clinical application, including thalidomide and its more potent immunomodulatory (IMiD) derivatives, the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (formerly known as PS-341), and arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3 ).
Sometimes a Little Paranoia Can Be a Good Thing: Thoughts on the Future of Schools, Colleges, and Departments of Education

Abstract The authors present some thoughts on the future of schools, colleges, and departments of education. First, possible threats to traditional teacher and administrator preparation and continuing education programs are identified and discussed. Then a beginning list of discussion points for rethinking the future of these programs are offered. The underlying theme is this emerging set of challenges can most effectively be met with a mindset tinged with “a little paranoia” as opposed to apathy, defensiveness, or smugness.
Numerical exploration of coherent excitation in three-level systems

A great deal of effort has been applied to understanding population dynamics within a variety of coherent excitation schemes. The goal in such studies has been to understand the conditions necessary for efficient transfer of population from one state to another. While many theoretical treatments include the effects of natural lifetimes that are present in any given system, some neglect this important aspect when considering specific cases. Adiabatic approximations are also widely made. Additionally, it is often difficult to envision how the different parameters controlling efficient population transfer are interrelated or even which parameters are the most critical, especially when the decay lifetimes are taken into account. This work describes a numerical study of coherent excitation applied to a $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ ladder system where spontaneous decay rates are included, and adiabaticity is not assumed. A useful method is introduced to explore the interdependence of various excitation parameters. The efficiency of population transfer as a function of several experimentally controllable parameters is explored, and other general trends are summarized.
Pastoral supervision today

The introduction of clinical pastoral education as a prerequisite to many forms of ministry and the initiation of D. Min. programs in theological schools call for a reappraisal of the process and substance of pastoral supervision. Effective models of supervision for D. Min. programs have not yet been identified, yet a CPE model is inherent in the requirements for the degree. The meaning, goals, content, and styles of supervision are discussed. A scale is included to assist students and supervisors to evaluate supervisory conferences.
Abstract 4772: Novel transforming ErbB2 mutations in leukemia

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA The ErbB2/Her2 type 1 transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase heterodimerizes with ligand-bound EGFR, ErbB3, or ErbB4 to activate multiple signaling pathways. ErbB2 is commonly amplified in breast, stomach, cervical, and bladder tumors and point mutations are found in many cancers. However, little is known about aberrant ErbB2 in hematologic malignancies. Deep sequencing was performed on primary leukemia patient samples and point mutations were identified within the extracellular receptor binding domains and the intracellular C-terminal region of ErbB2. Expression of these mutations in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts exhibited a transformed morphological phenotype and in Ba/F3 pro-B cells led to IL-3-independent growth and differential signaling within the MAPK and PI3K pathways. Further characterization of the mutations will assess migration properties, differential sensitivity to ErbB-family drug inhibitors, and heterodimer formation using bimolecular fluorescence complementation microscopy. Overall, this work identifies novel transforming ErbB2 mutations and may provide insight into effective therapy for leukemia patients harboring ErbB2 mutations. Citation Format: Jamie Keck, Brian Druker. Novel transforming ErbB2 mutations in leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4772. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4772
The analysis of complex nmr spectra by multiple resonance techniques

Abstract The complete analyses of complex proton nmr spectra by double and triple resonance techniques are illustrated for AA′BB′MM′XX′ and ABCDMXY systems. The single resonance spectra of cis -4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride and 1-methyl- cis -4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride consist of so many overlapping multiplets that individual features are unrecognizable. However, by multiple resonance techniques it is possible to obtain good estimates for all the coupling constants and chemical shifts for these molecules.
RETHINKING CULTURE: TOWARD A PEDAGOGY OF POSSIBILITY IN WORLD LANGUAGE EDUCATION

This article advances a pedagogy of possibility for world language educators based on a redefinition of culture. To better link culture and language, the following qualities are proposed: being a conscienticized and reflective individual, seeking cultural and linguistic legitimacy, and developing intercultural communicative competence. By exploring the multiple ways that culture has been discussed in various fields, this study arrives at a conceptual understanding of culture that extends beyond products, practices, and perspectives (National Standards in Foreign Language Education Project, 1999) by looking closer at elements of power.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and chest pain. Results of laparoscopic antireflux surgery.

Laparoscopic fundoplication cures heart-burn and regurgitation in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) but its effect on the chest pain that is also experienced by some patients is less clear. Confusion stems from the fact that it is difficult to determine preoperatively whether the chest pain is actually caused by the reflux. Therefore, we designed a study in patients with GERD and chest pain that would assess the value of pH monitoring in establishing a correlation between the symptom and the disease, the predictive value of pH monitoring on the results of surgical treatment, and the outcome of laparoscopic fundoplication on chest pain in patients with GERD. Of 487 patients who underwent laparoscopic fundoplication for GERD at our institution between October 1992 and July 2000, 165 (34%) complained of chest pain in addition to heartburn and regurgitation. Their symptoms had been present for an average of 118 months. The pH monitoring tracings were analyzed for a correlation between episodes of reflux and chest pain. The mean length of follow-up was 13 months. Among the 165 patients with chest pain, the relationship between pain and reflux during pH monitoring was as follows: 39 patients (group A) experienced no chest pain during the study; in 28 patients (group B), chest pain correlated with reflux in ≥40% of instances; in 98 patients (group C), chest pain correlated with reflux in ≥40% of instances. Chest pain improved post-operatively in 65% of group A patients, 79% of group B patients, and 96% of group C patients (group C vs A and B: p<0.05). Heartburn and regurgitation resolved or improved in 97% and 95% of patients, respectively. These data show that pH monitoring helped to identify a relationship between chest pain and reflux; and when the two coincided, the chest pain was relieved by antireflux surgery.
The prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms in a rapidly changing bilingual culture: An exploratory study

This study was done in Goa, India, to measure symptom prevalence as it related to sociocultural integration in two groups, Christians and Hindus, representing two different levels of exposure to change. From 1510 until 1961, Goa remained under the Portuguese and part of the originally Hindu population converted to Christianity. While all could speak the native Konkani, the Portuguese language and Latin European culture penetrated the two groups to varying extent, more deeply among Christians. In 1961, the Portuguese rule in Goa was suddenly terminated after an Indian military action lasting less than 24 hrs. Since then, Goa has been exposed to the sudden decline in the status of the Portuguese language and of Latin European culture. Goa provided a unique opportunity to study the relationships between integration and symptom prevalence in two groups having similar socioeconomic status and sharing similar dominant sentiments but exposed to different implications of the same change. Social data, data on health status and on symptoms were collected through interviews in Portuguese and Kankani. In each group, symptom prevalence was directly related to private religiousness and inversely related to public religiousness, the latter being taken as an indicator of integration. The results suggest that public health planning for exposure to change should take into account not only the rate of change but also the quality of change. The conclusions of this study are tentative.
Evidence for the importance of the nucleon-nucleon spin-orbit interaction in the inelastic excitation of high spin states in 90Zr

Abstract A microscopic calculation of the inelastic scattering of 61.2 MeV protons to the 6+ and 8+ states in 90Zr has been carried out which includes the central, tensor and spin-orbit parts of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. The two-body spin-orbit force is found to play an important role in exciting these high spin states.
Desensitization of adenylate cyclase in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor

Desensitization or decreased response to the same (homologous) or other stimuli (heterologous) is a well known process. Homologous desensitization to TSH has been demonstrated in normal thyroid tissue. Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) transfected with normal human TSH receptor (hTSHR) DNA, in contrast, have been reported not to desensitize. The purpose of our investigation was to determine whether CHO cells transfected with hTSHR desensitize in response to TSH and postreceptor stimulation. CHO cells were stably transfected with plasmid DNA containing hTSHR; nontransfected CHO cells served as the control. TSH (10 mU/ml), 5'-beta,gamma-imido-triphosphate [Gpp(NH)p; 0.1 mM], sodium fluoride (NaF; 10 mM), forskolin (10 microM), and (Bu)2cAMP (100 microM) were used to determine whether homologous or postreceptor heterologous desensitization of adenylate cyclase activity occurred in CHO-transfected cells. Intracellular cAMP accumulation was determined by RIA. Cells were incubated with TSH (to stimulate TSH rec...
Female Site Familiarity Increases Fledging Success in Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus)

ABSTRACT. Reproductive success commonly improves with age in birds. However, it is difficult to determine whether this phenomenon is due to breeding experience or other age-related factors because most potential explanatory factors are positively correlated. Using a 17-year database, we investigated how age, breeding experience, location experience, and pair-bond experience influenced Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) reproductive success in the Great Lakes region. Reproductive success was measured as number of offspring fledged per pair for 415 successful nests during 1993–2009. We controlled for individual and site variation with random effects and tested for increased reproductive success associated with age, prior breeding experience, prior location experience, and prior pair-bond experience using generalized linear mixed models. Reproductive success increased with location-specific breeding experience of females and declined when females moved to a new location. After statistically controlling for t...
Scaling the construct androgyny : reply to Willemsen

Miller and Kottke reply to Willemsen's 1993 critique of Kottke's 1988 paper. We believe that Willemsen may have overstated the purpose of Kottke's study. Kottke's intention was not to develop a new measure of androgyny or to provide a definitive answer to whether masculinity and femininity are bipolar concepts but rather to show that the concept of androgyny requires additional theoretical and empiriral clarification, particularly in its measurement
Characteristics of dairy calf ranches: Morbidity, mortality, antibiotic use practices, and biosecurity and biocontainment practices

The utilization of farming operations specializing in rearing dairy heifer calves has increased since the early 1990s. However, these operations have not been as well characterized as US dairy operations with respect to demographic and health-related measures, particularly during the preweaning period. The objective of this study was to characterize morbidity, mortality, antibiotic use, and biosecurity and biocontainment practices on operations rearing preweaned heifers only or preweaned heifer and bull calves (mixed) in the United States. A cross-sectional survey was performed using a standardized method that included a preletter, initial survey, postcard follow-up, and second survey delivered by mail. Additional follow-up contacts were attempted by telephone. Descriptive statistics for morbidity, mortality, antibiotic use, and biosecurity and biocontainment practices were computed at both the operation and calf levels. The overall response rate was 50%. Crude yearly mortality averaged 6.9% at the calf level, with the median operation reporting 3.6% mortality. Diarrhea was experienced by 18% of calves, with 73% receiving an antibiotic. The median operation reported 20% diarrhea morbidity with 83% receiving an antibiotic. Respiratory disease was experienced by 9.0% of calves, with 82% receiving an antibiotic. The median operation reported 5.3% respiratory morbidity, with 100% receiving an antibiotic. Heifer-only and mixed operations did not differ in operation median morbidity, mortality, or antibiotic treatment rates. Written antibiotic protocols were available on 65% of operations. Medicated milk replacer was used by 56% of operations. Passive immunity was routinely measured by 46% of operations. Direct contact between calves in housing units was not allowed by 45% of operations. Of all farms informed of disease concerns at the source farm, 76% changed their daily routine as a result. Almost all operations uniquely identified calves and recorded mortality. The heifer-only and mixed operations in this study were similar to US dairy operations for key health, antibiotic use, and biosecurity and biocontainment metrics. This research provides initial estimates of key demographics usable by calf ranches, veterinarians, and other professionals serving this segment of the US dairy industry.
Turning point for US diets? Recessionary effects or behavioral shifts in foods purchased and consumed

Background: In the past decade, the United States has seen declining energy intakes and plateauing obesity levels. Objective: We examined whether these observed trends suggest a longer-term shift in dietary and health behavior that is independent of adverse economic conditions. Design: We used nationally representative cross-sectional surveys on intake and longitudinal household food purchase data along with random-effects models to address this question. Data included individuals in NHANES 2003–2004 to 2009–2010 (children: n = 13,422; adults: n = 10,791) and households from the 2000–2011 Nielsen Homescan Panel (households with children: n = 57,298; households with adults only: n = 108,932). Results: In both data sets, we showed that children decreased their calories the most. Even after we controlled for important socioeconomic factors, caloric purchases fell significantly from 2003 to 2011 (P < 0.001), particularly for households with children. The Great Recession was associated with small increases in caloric purchases, in which a 1–percentage point increase in unemployment in the local market was associated with a 1.6–4.1-kcal · capita−1 · d−1 (P < 0.001) increase in total calories purchased. Results also indicated shifts in caloric purchases were driven more by declines in caloric purchases from beverages than food. Conclusions: US consumers have exhibited changes in intake and purchasing behavior since 2003 that were independent from changing economic conditions linked with the Great Recession or food prices. Public health efforts in the past decade may have contributed to this trend.
Relationships among attitudes and subjective norms: Testing the theory of reasoned action across cultures

This study investigates the relationship between attitudes toward a behavior and subjective norms in the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Unique to this research, attitudes toward a behavior are divided into social and personal attitudes in order to test an explanation for the moderate to high correlation between attitudes and subjective norms reported in previous research. As expected, only social attitudes toward a behavior are significantly related to subjective norms. The finding indicates that the overlap between attitudes and subjective norms in TRA research occurs when the attitudes studied are social in nature. Additionally, members of a collectivistic culture tend to score higher on subjective norms and social attitudes, but the high score on subjective norms and social attitudes does not necessarily contribute to predicting behavioral intention. It is suggested that cross‐cultural differences on the absolute strengths of attitudes and subjective norms may not translate to the differences in the ...
First flight of the ASTROCULTURE™ experiment as a part of the U.S. Shuttle/MIR program

A number of space-based experiments have been conducted to assess the impact of microgravity on plant growth and development. In general, these experiments did not identify any profound impact of microgravity on plant growth and development, though investigations to study seed development have indicated difficulty in plants completing their reproductive cycle. However, it was not clear whether the lack of seed production was due to gravity effects or some other environmental condition prevailing in the unit used for conducting the experiment. The ASTROCULTURE (TM) flight unit contains a totally enclosed plant chamber in which all the critically important environmental conditions are controlled. Normal wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and development in the ASTROCULTURE (TM) flight unit was observed during a ground experiment conducted prior to the space experiment. Subsequent to the ground experiment, the flight unit was transported to MIR by STS-89, as part of the U.S. Shuttle/MIR program, in an attempt to determine if super dwarf wheat plants that were germinated in microgravity would grow normally and produce seeds. The experiment was initiated on-orbit after the flight unit was transferred from the Space Shuttle to MIR. The ASTROCULTURE (TM) flight unit performed nominally for the first 24 hours after the flight unit was activated, and then the unit stopped functioning abruptly. Since it was not possible to return the unit to nominal operation it was decided to terminate the experiment. On return of the flight unit, it was confirmed that the control computer of the ASTROCULTURE (TM) flight unit sustained a radiation hit that affected the control software embedded in the computer. This experience points out that at high orbital inclinations, such as that of MIR and that projected for the International Space Station, the danger of encountering harmful radiation effects are likely unless the electronic components of the flight hardware are resistant to such impacts.
Effects of ascorbic acid on hepatic nuclear binding of L-tryptophan

Abstract This study investigated the in vitro effects of ascorbic acid on nuclear L-tryptophan receptor binding of rat liver. Ascorbic acid at 10 −6 M to 10 −4 M inhibited the in vitro 3 H-tryptophan binding to hepatic nuclei and nuclear envelope receptors. Addition of dithiothreitol, a protective agent for sulfhydryl groups, did not affect the inhibitory binding. Addition of L-leucine did reduce the inhibitory binding. Addition of NaCl (0.125 × 10 −4 M) did not influence the inhibitory binding effect of ascorbic acid but decreased the inhibitory effect of the NaCl on nuclear tryptophan binding. In vivo administration of ascorbic acid before or along with L-tryptophan decreased the L-tryptophan-induced stimulation of hepatic protein synthesis.
Visual search enhances subsequent mnemonic search.

We examined how the performance of a visual search task while studying a list of to-be-remembered words affects subsequent memory for those words by humans. Previous research had suggested that episodic context encoding is facilitated when the study phase of a memory experiment requires, or otherwise encourages, a visual search for the to-be-remembered stimuli, and theta-band oscillations are more robust when animals are searching their environment. Moreover, hippocampal theta oscillations are positively correlated with learning in animals. We assumed that a visual search task performed during the encoding of words for a subsequent memory test would induce an exploratory state that would mimic the one that is induced in animals when performing exploratory activities in their environment, and that the encoding of episodic traces would be improved as a result. The results of several experiments indicated that the performance of the search task improved free recall, but the results did not extend to yes–no or forced choice recognition memory testing. We propose that visual search tasks enhance the encoding of episodic context information but do not enhance the encoding of to-be-remembered words.
Rapid Scan Spectrometers for the Diagnostics of Transient Plasmas

An observation that a symmetrical configuration of off-axis paraboloidal mirrors produces an excellent image of an extended slit, while an unsymmetrical configuration produces poor images, has led to a modification of the original Sandia rapid scan spectrometer and to the design of a new wide range, rapid scan spectrometer. The new instrument employs a high speed rotating mirror in a Littrow arrangement to obtain a spectral scan speed double that of the original spectrometer; e.g., with a 600-lines/mm grating, a spectral scan speed of ~410 A/μsec is obtained at 1000 rps. Techniques for obtaining an accurate calibration of the spectral scan speed are described, and some examples of spectra which were recorded from a xenon and a hydrogen plasma are shown.
Structural diversity in a family of copper(I) thioether complexes.

Copper(I) complexes of the tridentate thioether ligands [PhB(CH2SCH3)3] (abbreviated PhTt), [PhB(CH2SPh)3] (PhTtPh), [PhB(CH2StBu)3] (PhTttBu), and [PhB(CH2SpTol)3] (PhTtpTol) and bidentate thioether ligands [Ph2B(CH2SCH3)2] (Ph2Bt), [Et2B(CH2SCH3)2] (Et2Bt), and [Ph2B(CH2SPh)2] (Ph2BtPh) have been prepared and characterized. The solution and solid state structures are highly sensitive to the identity of the borato ligand employed. Ligands possessing the smaller (methylthio)methyl donors, [PhTt] and [Ph2Bt], yielded tetrameric species, [(PhTt)Cu]4 and [(Ph2Bt)Cu]4, containing both terminal and bridging thioether ligation. The ligands containing the larger (arylthio)methyl groups, [PhTtPh] and [PhTtpTol], form monomeric [PhTtAr]Cu(NCCH3) in solution and one-dimensional extended structures in the solid state. Each complex type reacted cleanly with acetonitrile, pyridine, or triphenylphosphine generating the corresponding four-coordinate monomer, of which [PhTtPh]Cu(PPh3), [PhTtpTol]Cu(PPh3), and [Et2Bt]Cu(P...
Screening for mutations by expressing patient cDNA segments in E. coli: homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency.

Deficiency of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) causes the most common form of inherited homocystinuria. We developed a simple CBS expression system in E. coli to screen for pathogenic mutations in affected individuals. Portions of patient cDNAs were amplified by PCR and used to replace the corresponding segments of normal human CBS cDNA in the bacterial expression plasmid pHCS3. Hybrid CBS was expressed in E. coli and the segments of patient's cDNA which extinguished CBS activity were sequenced to identify the mutation. The first study of a pyridoxine-responsive patient using this screen revealed that of the clones which contained either the middle or the 3′-portion of his cDNA, about half were devoid of catalytic activity. Subsequent sequencing of the affected segments confirmed a compound heterozygosity for a maternal T833C transition (I278T) and for a paternal AC transversion in the intron 11 splice acceptor. The latter mutation leads to an in-frame deletion of exon 12 (nt 1224-1358, amino acids W408 to G453). This bacterial expression system proved to be a rapid screening method for localizing pathogenic mutations in CBS, allowing us to sequence the affected portions of mutant cDNA within 7–10 days of harvesting cultured fibroblasts. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Managing Citations With Cost-Free Tools

As faculty members receive more access to more electronic collections, they are forced to deal with the issue of bibliographic management. Historically, dealing with print material has been relativ...