cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenomics and lung transplantation: clinical implications.

under-immunosuppression, with loss of the graft, and over-immunosuppression, with infection and lymphoproliferative disease as the result. Therefore, considerable effort has been put into the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the antirejection agents used in organ transplantation. Blood concentration monitoring has permitted the rational use of difficult-to-use agents such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus. The use of complex drug regimens in transplant patients has also been dependent upon monitoring of the PK of the immunosuppressants to adjust for frequent drug–drug interactions. At the same time, blood concentration monitoring alone does not prevent many of the more serious side effects of the immunosuppressants. For example, diminished renal function even in non-renal transplants is a persistent problem, and ultimately affects almost 30% of all patients on long-term cyclosporine or tacrolimus. Therefore, lung transplant patients require the individualization of immunosuppression and freedom from adverse drug effects that is promised by pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenetic associations now suggest that treatment algorithms for
The Cold-War Origins of the Value of Statistical Life

This paper traces the history of the "Value of Statistical Life" (VSL), which today is used routinely in benefit-cost analysis of life-saving investments. Schelling (1968) made the crucial move of thinking in terms of risk rather than individual lives, with the hope to dodge the moral thicket of valuing "life." But as recent policy debates have illustrated, his move only thickened it. Tellingly, interest in the subject can be traced back another twenty years before Schelling's essay, to a controversy at the RAND Corporation following its earliest application of operation research to defense planning. RAND wanted to avoid valuing pilot's lives, but the Air Force insisted they confront the issue. Thus, the VSL is not only well acquainted with political controversy; it was born from it.
Can volumetric ADC measurement help predict response to Y90 radioembolization in HCC

Aim: To compare changes in RECIST, anatomical volume, mRECIST, and volumetric diffusion-weighted Imaging parameters (3D apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements), with pathological analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by 90Yttrium radioembolization (Y90). Methods: 21 patients were treated by Y90 as a sole treatment modality for solitary, >2 cm HCC that underwent liver transplantation. MRI at baseline, 1 and 3 months post-Y90, and tumor pathological findings on explants were reviewed in all patients. Results: Compared to baseline (RECIST/volume: 3.6 cm/17.7 cm3), RECIST and volume were not modified after Y90 (1 month, p = 0.28/0.09 RECIST/tumor volume; 3 months, p = 0.28/0.54). In contrast, mRECIST (3.3–1.4 cm, p < 0.001), mean ADC (0.185–1.093 mm2/s × 10−3, p = 0.04), and ADC standard deviation (STD) (0.041–0.201 mm2/s × 10−3, p = 0.0496) changed as earlier as 1 month post-Y90. ADC STD % change was higher in ADC responding lesions than non-responding lesions at 1 month (p = 0.002) and 3 months (p = 0.008). All lesions exhibited necrosis on pathological analysis (11 partially viable, 10 complete pathological necrosis (CPN)) but no imaging criterion was able to predict CPN. mRECIST (±ADC) at 1 (κ ± ADC = 0.08/0.06) or 3 months (κ = −0.06/−0.06) were poor predictors of pathological response. Conclusion: As soon as 1 month post-treatment, mRECIST and volumetric ADC performed better than traditional size RECIST or volumetric parameters in detecting imaging response to Y90; however, CPN cannot be predicted by any criteria. Improvements in methodologies to assess response and identification of better surrogates are awaited.
Cross-fixation transfer of motion aftereffects with expansion motion.

It has been shown that motion aftereffect (MAE) not only is present at the adapted location but also partially transfers to nearby nonadapted locations. However, it is not clear whether MAE transfers across the fixation point. Since cells in area MSTd have receptive fields that cover both sides of the fixation point and since many MSTd cells, but not cells in earlier visual areas, prefer complex motion patterns such as expansion, we tested cross-fixation transfer of MAE induced by expanding random-dots stimuli. We also used rightward translational motion for comparison. Subjects adapted to motion patterns on a fixed side of the fixation point. Dynamic MAE was then measured with a nulling procedure at both the adapted site and the mirror site across the fixation point. Subjects’ eye fixation during stimulus presentation was monitored with an infrared eye tracker. At the adapted site, both the expansion and the translation patterns generated strong MAEs, as expected. However, only the expansion pattern, but not translation pattern, generated significant MAE at the mirror site. This remained true even after we adjusted stimulus parameters to equate the strengths of the expansion MAE and translation MAE at the adapted site. We conclude that there is cross-fixation transfer of MAE for expansion motion but not for translational motion.
Recurrence of a popliteal venous aneurysm

We report the case of a 40-year-old man with a recurrent popliteal vein aneurysm diagnosed 2 years after initial lateral aneurysmectomy. Definitive management consisted of popliteal vein aneurysm resection and reconstruction with an interposition spiral vein graft. Our case suggests that aneurysm vein resection and interposition vein graft should be the preferred surgical option. Also, patients treated may benefit from longer follow-up in light of the potential morbidity from recurrence if undetected.
Activity gesture spotting using a threshold model based on Adaptive Boosting

Gesture spotting is the task of detecting and recognizing gestures defined in a vocabulary. The difficulty of gesture spotting stems from the fact that valid gestures appear sporadically in a continuous gesture stream, interspersed with invalid gestures (movements that do not correspond to any gesture contained in the vocabulary). In this paper, a novel method for designing threshold models from valid gesture models learnt through Adaptive Boosting is proposed. This threshold model is adaptive in nature and discriminates between valid and invalid gestures. Furthermore, a gesture spotting network consisting of the individual gesture models and the threshold model is proposed to perform the task of spotting and recognition simultaneously. This technique is evaluated in the context of spotting and recognizing activity gestures (hand gestures) from continuous accelerometer data streams. The proposed technique results in a precision of 0.78 and a recall of 0.93 out performing the HMM based threshold model which resulted in 0.4 and 0.81 precision and recall values.
Perception And Displays For Teleoperated Robots

In remote or teleoperational tasks involving humans and robots, various aspects of the remote display system may greatly influence the individual's interactions with the teleoperated entity. This dissertation examined various configurations of display systems on several measures of operator performance, physiological states, and perceptions of the task. Display configurations included altering the camera placement (attached to the robot or placed overhead), screen orientation (horizontal or vertical), and screen size (small or large). Performance was measured in terms of specific task goals, accuracies, strategies, and completion times. Physiological state was assessed through physiological markers of arousal, specifically heart rate and skin conductance. Operator perception of the task was measured with a self-reported perception of workload and frustration. Scale model live simulation was used to create a task driven environment to test the display configurations. Screen size influenced performance on complex tasks in mixed ways. Participants using a small screen exhibited better problem solving strategies in a complex driving task. However, participants using the large screen exhibited better driving precision when the task required continual attention. These findings have value in design decisions for teleoperated interfaces where the advantages and disadvantages of screen size must be considered carefully. Orientation of the visual information seems to have much less impact on the operator than the source of the information, though it was an important factor of the display system when taken together with screen size and camera view. Results show strong influence of camera placement on many of the performance variables. Interestingly, the participants rated a higher frustration in the overhead condition, but not a higher task load, indicating that while they realized that the task was frustrating and perhaps they could have done better, they did not recognize the task as overloading. This was the case even though they took longer to complete the task and experienced more errors related to turning in the overhead camera condition. This finding may indicate a potential danger for systems in which the operator is expected to recognize when he or she is being overloaded. This type of performance decrease due to added frames of reference may be too subtle to register in the operator's self awareness
Pathophysiology of plaque instability: Insights at the genomic level

Abstract Atherosclerosis and plaque rupture represent complex "traits" of unknown cause that involve multiple genes and their variants. Novel genomic technologies provide us with the tools that will allow for the identification of groupings of genes that determine either susceptibility or resistance relative to the development of atherosclerosis and its thromboembolic complications. This information may, in turn, lead to a clearer understanding of the cause and risk for atherosclerosis. Diagnostic tools, as well as preventive and therapeutic strategies, will be derived from such heightened understanding of the disease process. With this chapter, we have presented the current state of knowledge of atherosclerosis genomics. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Researching Mutual Help Group Participation in a Segregated Society

Mutual help organizations are strongly influenced by the context in which they exist. Therefore, research on mutual help group participation among minority groups must take into account such contextual variables as racial and cultural segregation and the differing roles/attitudes of professionals and local gatekeepers in Black and White communities. To develop this argument, a study of 12-step mutual help group involvement after substance abuse treatment was conducted. One year after treatment intake, African American (n = 233) and White (n = 267) substance abusers were attending 12-step groups at comparable rates, but different factors predicted attendance for each racial group. Among Whites, more severe substance abuse problems and legal problems negatively predicted mutual help group involvement, whereas being treated in a residential setting and being treated for a longer period predicted mutual help group involvement positively. Among Blacks, length of treatment positively predicted mutual help invol...
CHARACTERISTICS OF A NON-COMPLEMENT-DEPENDENT C3-REACTIVE COMPLEX FORMED FROM FACTORS IN NEPHRITIC AND NORMAL SERUM

When serum from a patient with membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis and normal serum are mixed at 37°C, C3 is rapidly broken down to two more rapidly migrating components. In the mixture, a heat-labile pseudoglobulin, designated as the C3 nephritic factor or C3NeF, reacts with a pseudogolbulin in the normal serum, designated as cofactor, to form a C3 inactivator. By analogy with the cobra venom factor, the C3 inactivator is most likely a complex of the nephritic factor and cofactor. The complex has been designated as the C3 lytic nephritic factor or C3LyNeF. The reaction which results in the Formation of C3LyNeF requires the presence of Mg++, is highly temperature sensitive but occurs very rapidly at 37°C. In 20 min at 37°C, C3LyNeF can break down over 80% of the C3 in a mixture of normal and nephritic serum. The two-step reaction which leads to C3 breakdown has an optimum pH ranging from 6.0 to 9.0. Experiments employing serum depleted of C4 and C2, as well as certain characteristics of the C3NeF system provide evidence that C3 breakdown with nephritic serum is not dependent on complement-inactivating immune complexes or on the action of convertase (C4, 2). Data relating rate of C3 breakdown to the concentrations of C3NeF, C3, and C3LyNeF in the reaction mixture are similar to those for the reaction of enzyme with substrate. The biological significance of C3LyNeF in the production of glomerular inflammation has not been established.
The lateralization of language comprehension using event-related potentials.

Abstract Event-Related Potentials were recorded over occipital and parietal scalp from left- and right-handed adults presented with a language and a non-language visual stimulus using a divided field, “oddball” paradigm. The major finding of interest was that the P300 component was larger over the left than the right hemisphere of the right-handers when the language stimulus was presented to the left hemisphere; there were no hemispheric differences for the left-handers, regardless of field of presentation. These results are discussed in the context of developing noninvasive measures to lateralize language function.
Thermophilic Aerobic Wastewater Treatment in Continuous-Flow Bioreactors

Thermophilic aerobic biological wastewater treatment was investigated at 55°C in continuous-flow bioreactors using a synthetic wastewater containing gelatin and α-lactose as principal organic constituents. By operating multiple continuous-flow bioreactors at different hydraulic residence times (HRTs), the maintenance constant (kd) was calculated to be 0.046 day−1, a value approximately 10-fold lower than that previously reported for thermophilic processes but similar to that for mesophilic treatment. Investigation into the bacterial community structure by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S ribosomal RNA genes revealed that the dominant phylotypes in the bioreactors changed as a function of HRT. Cell reactivity, measured as the specific content of protein and RNA, declined as HRT increased. Catabolic enzyme activities specific to the principal organics in the synthetic wastewater, however, increased at higher HRTs. In conclusion, the performance of thermophil...
Beyond community college accountability: using data to investigate best practices for institutional improvement

The Voluntary Framework of Accountability (VFA) launched in 2011 is the first national system of community college accountability. Sponsored by the American Association of Community Colleges (AACC) in collaboration with the Association of Community College Trustees and the College Board, the VFA will shortly report to the public on measures of student progress and learning outcomes and on measures of workforce, economic, and community development. The author of this paper proposes that AACC move beyond community college accountability toward creating and sustaining, among college administrators, a common culture of VFA data use to investigate best practices for institutional improvement. To advance this proposition, the discourse presented centers on a proof-of-concept model. The study uses longitudinal data to illustrate its potential for community college administrators to identify best practices for improving institutional performance in first-year college retention.
Comparative studies on the toxicity of washed cells of Bacillus megaterium and Brewers' yeast.

Data are given on the continued oral ingestion of dried cells of Bacillus megaterium and brewers' yeast by rats for four hundred days. No toxic effects were observed in rats ingesting diets containing up to 20 per cent of B. megaterium or brewers' yeast as judged by growth response, hemoglobin values, organ weights, and histopathological examination of the visceral organs.
Neural Network Implementation of a Mesoscale Meteorological Model

Numerical weather prediction is a computationally expensive task that requires not only the numerical solution to a complex set of non-linear partial differential equations, but also the creation of a parameterization scheme to estimate sub-grid scale phenomenon. This paper outlines an alternative approach to developing a mesoscale meteorological model – a modified recurrent neural network that learns to simulate the solution to these equations. Along with an appropriate time integration scheme and learning algorithm, this method can be used to create multi-day forecasts for a large region.
The Gendered Burden of Development in Nicaragua

The recent political “left turn” in Latin America has led to an increased emphasis on social policy and poverty alleviation programs aimed at women. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews in a rural village in Nicaragua, I argue that one of the consequences of such programs is an increase in women’s daily workload, which I call the gendered burden of development. By exploiting women’s unpaid community care labor, these non-governmental organizations (NGO) and state-led programs entrench established gender roles and responsibilities. Furthermore, through their selective interventions, these programs reinforce the neoliberal ideal of self-sufficiency in women’s everyday lives, contributing to the formation of a particular kind of developmental subject who assumes responsibility for her own hardships. Although these programs have produced some tangible improvements in women’s lives, they ultimately do little to alter the structural conditions affecting the precariousness of women’s survival.
Screen Printed Frequency-Selective Surfaces on Rigid, Flexible and Elastic Substrates

A series of frequency-selective surface (FSS) arrays based on nested split-ring triangle resonators have been fabricated using screen printing. A silver-filled polymer thick film (PTF) paste was selected as the active medium for the FSS arrays as it has good compatibility with the various substrates employed and is in itself naturally flexible. Substrates included FR4 boards and polyimide (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and silicone sheeting. Compared to arrays fabricated from Cu-clad FR4 board, the screen-printed arrays are resonance shifted owing to the magnitude of the dielectric constant and thickness of the various substrates. In addition, the quality factors of the screen-printed arrays are reduced compared to those fabricated from the more conductive Cu resonators. Despite these limitations, screen-printed arrays have considerable potential as components for low-cost flexible and conformal microwave devices.
Guidelines for safe storage and handling of high toxic hazard materials: A new CCPS Publication

The methodology of the work is discussed. An overview of safety procedures for dealing with high toxic hazard materials is provided.
Spirometry for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Spirometric testing is one of the oldest clinical tests still in use today. It is a straightforward test that has the patient maximally exhale from total lung capacity. The key measurements are the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)) and the maximum exhaled volume (vital capacity [VC]). Spirometric testing utility, however, depends heavily upon the quality of equipment, the patient cooperation, and the skill of the technician performing the test. Spirometry should thus be considered a medical test and not simply a vital sign that can be performed by minimally trained personnel. In obstructive lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the characteristic changes in spirometry are a reduction in the FEV(1) with respect to the vital capacity (FEV(1)/VC ratio). Using this measurement can diagnose the presence and severity of airway obstruction. This can be used to guide therapies and predict outcomes. Using spirometry to screen for obstructive lung disease, however, can be problematic, and the effect of screening on outcomes has yet to be demonstrated.
TRIM5α degradation via autophagy is not required for retroviral restriction

ABSTRACT TRIM5α is an interferon-inducible retroviral restriction factor that prevents infection by inducing the abortive disassembly of capsid cores recognized by its C-terminal PRY/SPRY domain. The mechanism by which TRIM5α mediates the disassembly of viral cores is poorly understood. Previous studies demonstrated that proteasome inhibitors abrogate the ability of TRIM5α to induce premature core disassembly and prevent reverse transcription; however, viral infection is still inhibited, indicating that the proteasome is partially involved in the restriction process. Alternatively, we and others have observed that TRIM5α associates with proteins involved in autophagic degradation pathways, and one recent study found that autophagic degradation is required for the restriction of retroviruses by TRIM5α. Here, we show that TRIM5α is basally degraded via autophagy in the absence of restriction-sensitive virus. We observe that the autophagy markers LC3b and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A) localize to a subset of TRIM5α cytoplasmic bodies, and inhibition of lysosomal degradation with bafilomycin A1 increases this association. To test the requirement for macroautophagy in restriction, we examined the ability of TRIM5α to restrict retroviral infection in cells depleted of the autophagic mediators ATG5, Beclin1, and p62. In all cases, restriction of retroviruses by human TRIM5α, rhesus macaque TRIM5α, and owl monkey TRIM-Cyp remained potent in cells depleted of these autophagic effectors by small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 genome editing. Collectively, these results are consistent with observations that the turnover of TRIM5α proteins is sensitive to autophagy inhibition; however, the data presented here do not support observations that the inhibition of autophagy abrogates retroviral restriction by TRIM5 proteins. IMPORTANCE Restriction factors are a class of proteins that inhibit viral replication. Following fusion of a retrovirus with a host cell membrane, the retroviral capsid is released into the cytoplasm of the target cell. TRIM5α inhibits retroviral infection by promoting the abortive disassembly of incoming retroviral capsid cores; as a result, the retroviral genome is unable to traffic to the nucleus, and the viral life cycle is extinguished. In the process of restriction, TRIM5α itself is degraded by the proteasome. However, in the present study, we have shown that in the absence of a restriction-sensitive virus, TRIM5α is degraded by both proteasomal and autophagic degradation pathways. Notably, we observed that restriction of retroviruses by TRIM5α does not require autophagic machinery. These data indicate that the effector functions of TRIM5α can be separated from its degradation and may have further implications for understanding the mechanisms of other TRIM family members.
STAC: spatial task assignment for crowd sensing with cloaked participant locations

We propose to demonstrate STAC, a tool for spatial task assignment with cloaked locations in crowd sensing applications. The need for systems such as STAC becomes critical when participants of crowd sensing applications hesitate to share their locations due to privacy concerns. In such applications, STAC enables effective task assignment capabilities without compromising the location privacy of workers and volunteers. STAC implements novel algorithms that handle uncertain task assignment, which is a challenging problem involving uncertain locations of participants as a result of location cloaking. We will demonstrate, from both synthetic and real data, that our methods achieve high sensing coverage with low cost using cloaked participant locations. We will also demonstrate a location-based mobile Q&A application that utilizes STAC for task assignment.
Ω 1 as an initial segment of the c -degrees

By an “inverse iteration” of Sacks forcing over a model of V = L , we produce a model in which the degrees of constructibility of nonconstructible reals have order type
Hard Amorphous Carbon Films Deposited by ArF Pulse Laser Ablation of Graphite at Room Temperature

Hard amorphous carbon films have been deposited by ArF pulsed laser ablation of graphite at room temperature, with the laser power density of 5×108 W/cm2. The films prepared in the high vacuum environment possess remarkable diamond-like properties with a hardness up to 38 GPa and an optical energy band gap of 2.4 eV. The properties of the films doped with nitrogen vary with the nitrogen content, but improve interface adhesion, resulting in the extension of the film thickness limit to a greater range. The results suggest that the properties of the laser ablation deposited diamond-like carbon films depend not only on the laser power density, but also strongly on the laser wavelength or photon energy.
The Effects of Sex and Gender Role Orientation on Approach-Based Coping Strategies Across Cultures: A Moderated Mediation Model

This study explores the mediation effect of gender role orientation on the influence of sex on coping strategies and how the mediation effects differ across the two cultures of the United States and China. A total of 478 respondents (243 Americans and 235 resident Chinese) participated in this study. Employing Hayes’ (2013) PROCESS for testing moderated mediation models using conditional process analysis, we found that femininity mediated the influence of sex on both emotional and instrumental coping, and the mediation effects were significantly different between American participants and Chinese participants. We also found that national culture moderated the influence of sex on coping strategies when gender role orientation was being held constant. This study adopts an integrated model of sex, gender role orientation, culture, and coping. This model allows us to examine both general and specific relationships among interested variables, which contributes to existing literature in several ways.
Revenue Maximization via Nash Implementation.

We consider the problem of maximizing revenue in prior-free auctions for general single parameter settings. The setting is modeled by an arbitrary downward-closed set system, which captures many special cases such as single item, digital goods and single-minded combinatorial auctions. We relax the truthfulness requirement by the solution concept of Nash equilibria. Implementation by Nash equilibria is a natural and relevant framework in many applications of computer science, where auctions are run repeatedly and bidders can observe others’ strategies, but the auctioneer needs to design a mechanism in advance and cannot use any information on the bidders’ private valuations. We introduce a worst-case revenue benchmark which generalizes the second price of single item auction and the F2 benchmark, introduced by Goldberg et al., for digital goods. We design a mechanism whose Nash equilibria obtains at least a constant factor of this benchmark and prove that no truthful mechanisms can achieve a constant approximation.
Antibody-mediated immunodepression in New Zealand black mice.

SummaryPassive administration of hyperimmune antiserum into syngenic NZB recipients produced a marked depression of spleen anti-SRBC plaque formation. This antiserum was equally effective in BALB/c mice, depression persisting in both strains for as long as 2 months following ip injection of 0.02 ml serum. These observations would suggest that the immunological hyperresponsiveness previously described for NZB strain mice does not derive from a deficiency in 7S antibody-mediated feedback inhibition of the immune response. Transfer of serum from 1-year-old Coomb's positive mice and from 7-month-old ANA-positive animals into preautoimmune baby NZB recipients was without effect on the subsequent course of development of antinuclear antibody and of Coomb's reactivity. The inability to alter the course of autoantibody formation by such passive transfer of sera may involve a number of factors which are discussed.
The Dirac Equation as Guide to Nonrelativistic Hamiltonian Terms

Abstract This chapter is written in recognition of the many contributions to electronic structure theory by my long-time friend and colleague Frank E. Harris. In December 2014, Frank's many contributions, in particular, to the mathematical aspects of chemical physics were celebrated at a conference in Playa del Carmen, Mexico. The developments discussed here have mathematical aspects close to Frank's interests. Some terms in the nonrelativistic Hamiltonian for electronic systems have their origin in relativistic theory. The derivation of such terms has a long history and this chapter adds nothing new, but tries to highlight some of the important published early approaches to this problem.
Amphetamine Containing Dietary Supplements and Acute Myocardial Infarction

Weight loss is one of the most researched and marketed topics in American society. Dietary regimens, medications that claim to boost the metabolism, and the constant pressure to fit into society all play a role in our patient’s choices regarding new dietary products. One of the products that are well known to suppress appetite and cause weight loss is amphetamines. While these medications suppress appetite, most people are not aware of the detrimental side effects of amphetamines, including hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, and in certain instances acute myocardial infarction. Here we present the uncommon entity of an acute myocardial infarction due to chronic use of an amphetamine containing dietary supplement in conjunction with an exercise regimen. Our case brings to light further awareness regarding use of amphetamines. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion of use of these substances when young patients with no risk factors for coronary artery disease present with acute arrhythmias, heart failure, and myocardial infarctions.
Automatic targeted-domain spatiotemporal event detection in twitter

Twitter has become an important data source for detecting events, especially tracking detailed information for events of a specific domain. Previous studies on targeted-domain Twitter information extraction have used supervised learning techniques to identify domain-related tweets, however, the need for extensive manual labeling makes these supervised systems extremely expensive to build and maintain. What's more, most of these existing work fail to consider spatiotemporal factors, which are essential attributes of target-domain events. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised method for Automatical Targeted-domain Spatiotemporal Event Detection (ATSED) in Twitter. Given a targeted domain, ATSED first learns tweet labels from historical data, and then detects on-going events from real-time Twitter data streams. Specifically, an efficient label generation algorithm is proposed to automatically recognize tweet labels from domain-related news articles, a customized classifier is created for Twitter data analysis by utilizing tweets' distinguishing features, and a novel multinomial spatial-scan model is provided to identify geographical locations for detected events. Experiments on 305 million tweets demonstrated the effectiveness of this new approach.
Concepts of Soil Formation and Soil Survey

Soils are a product of the environment in which they form. The integrated effects of climate, organisms, initial parent material, and topography produce processes that, over time , differentiate soils that are characteristic of those combined environmental influences. Soil-forming processes include additions, most notably organic matter, and losses, such as dissolved ions that are leached from the soil to groundwater . Soils are also shaped by the processes of translocation, such as clay particles being moved to the subsoil by percolating water and transformation, as in the soil structural units created by shrink–swell activity. The imprint of the soil-forming factors and processes is reflected in the soils that occur on landscapes. The goal of soil survey is to model and record this imprint. The geographic pattern of soils is mapped by differentiating parts of the landscape that have experienced different combinations of soil-forming factors. Delineation with similar soils are grouped as a map unit for description and interpretation. The scale at which soils are identified and delineated depends on the intended land use. In the USA, soils are identified using the USDA Soil Taxonomy and soil survey information is available in hard copy reports and online.
Feeling like an “Alien” or “Family”? Comparing students and faculty experiences of diversity in STEM disciplines at a PWI and an HBCU

AbstractThis qualitative exploration of diversity experiences among undergraduate and graduate students and faculty in STEM disciplines at a predominantly White institution (PWI) and a historically Black college or university (HBCU) in a Mid-Atlantic state finds that the level of diversity and inclusiveness may matter to how Students of Color experience inclusion in their academic programs. Participants at the PWI described feeling excluded, voicing concerns about institutional struggles with creating an inclusive campus climate; whereas, participants at the HBCU perceived STEM disciplines to be diverse and viewed their programs and the institution as supportive of their needs.
Gender Differences in Commitment to State Employment: The Role of Coworker Relationships

Using survey data from a large sample of state employees, this research investigates gender differences in affective organizational commitment to state employment. Following relational cohesion theory, I hypothesize that perceived emotional support among workers within the workplace is positively associated with affective commitment to state employment. I also expect that women’s greater commitment to state employment compared with men is due to their higher levels of perceived coworker support. The results of the analyses largely support the hypotheses and suggest that public-sector managers would do well to encourage the development of supportive relationships among employees.
Investigating the Functional Consequence of White Matter Damage: An Automatic Pipeline to Create Longitudinal Disconnection Tractograms

Neurosurgical resection is one of the few opportunities researchers have to image the human brain both prior to and following focal damage. One of the challenges associated with studying brains undergoing surgical resection is that they often do not fit the brain templates most image-processing methodologies are based on, so manual intervention is required to reconcile the pathology and the most extreme cases must be excluded. Manual intervention requires significant time investment and introduces reproducibility concerns. We propose an automatic longitudinal pipeline based on High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging acquisitions to facilitate a Pathway Lesion Symptom Mapping analysis relating focal white matter injury to functional deficits. This two-part approach includes (i) automatic segmentation of focal white matter injury from anisotropic power differences, and (ii) modeling disconnection using tractography on the single-subject level, which specifically identifies the disconnections associated with focal white matter damage. The advantages of this approach stem from (1) objective and automatic lesion segmentation and tractogram generation, (2) objective and precise segmentation of affected tissue likely to be associated with damage to long-range white matter pathways (defined by anisotropic power), (3) good performance even in the cases of anatomical distortions by use of nonlinear tensor-based registration in the patient space, which aligns images using white matter contrast. Mapping a system as variable and complex as the human brain requires sample sizes much larger than the current technology can support. This pipeline can be used to execute large-scale, sufficiently powered analyses by meeting the need for an automatic approach to objectively quantify white matter disconnection.
Preliminary Field Experience with the DVLNAV Integrated Navigation System for Manned and Unmanned Submersibles

Abstract This paper reports the development and field testing of DVLNAV, an interactive progranl for precision three-dimensional navigation of underwatervehicles. We report the results of prelinlinary field trials of DVLNAV with the Jason II underwater robot. The performance of bottom lock doppler navigation is evaluated with respect to long baseline acoustic navigation.
Race, Emotional Reliance, and Mental Health:

Prior research shows that emotional reliance, an indicator of interpersonal dependence, is an important psychosocial risk factor for mental health problems. However, few have considered black-white...
Organizational Behavior Management: Systems Analysis

In this chapter, we introduce Behavioral Systems Analysis (BSA), which is an approach to performance improvement in organizations. BSA blends ABA with the General Systems Theory-an approach to understanding organizational systems by examining the relationships between parts of the system, as well as the relationships between the system and the external environment. We give a brief history of the field, introduce the three levels of BSA (organizational, process, and performer), and give examples of its most commonly used tools. We then illustrate, through examples from previous studies, the use of these tools at each of the three levels of analysis. We end this chapter with some suggestions for future research in the area of BSA.
Shellshock Vulnerability Exploitation and Mitigation: A Demonstration

This paper presents a step-by-step demonstration for the exploitation of CVE-2014-6271, affecting the ‘Bourne Again Shell’ (Bash). By design, Bash cannot be accessed via a web server; yet a flaw in its source code provides attackers the ability of Arbitrary Code Execution (ACE) over a Common Gateway Interface (CGI). In this paper, we demonstrate how Shellshock vulnerability can be exploited, as well as outlining mitigation strategies.
Groundwater Exploration in the Solar System: “the Restless Hunt for Life”

Water on Mars, on Jupiter Icy Moons, on Asteroids and perhaps even more water on more bodies of our solar system—Are water and life unique to Earth? The last decade of planetary exploration suggests that the liquid water, uniquely characterizing, our blue planet is potentially a transitional phase that other bodies of our solar system may have gone through or will be transiting to during their evolution.
Psychosocial implications of unconventional natural gas development: Quality of life in Ohio's Guernsey and Noble Counties

Abstract As unconventional natural gas development (UNGD) activities such as “fracking” have proliferated across the U.S., research has begun to examine their impacts on human life. Much scholarship has centered on possible health and environmental impacts. However, a range of plausible psychosocial impacts has begun to emerge. Utilizing grounded theory methods and data from qualitative interviews with residents of two counties in Appalachian Eastern Ohio (Guernsey and Noble), we examined the quality of life (QoL) impacts on residents, who live and work amid UNGD. QoL impacts were reported in five core categories, specifically psychological stress, social stress, environment, physical health, and traffic. Psychological stress was a particularly salient theme, as residents living near UNGD found themselves anxious about the uncertainties of fracking; frustrated by interactions with oil and gas industry officials; stressed about noise or light pollution; and, in some instances, facing the possibility of moving from the region.
Exploitation of Apoptotic Regulation in Cancer

Within an organism, environmental stresses can trigger cell death, particularly apoptotic cell death. Apoptotic cells, themselves, are potent regulators of their cellular environment, involved primarily in effecting homeostatic control. Tumors, especially, exist in a dynamic balance of cell proliferation and cell death. This special feature of the tumorous microenvironment-namely, the prominence and persistence of cell death-necessarily entails a magnification of the extrinsic, postmortem effects of dead cells. In both normal and malignant tissues, apoptotic regulation is exerted through immune as well as non-immune mechanisms. Apoptotic cells suppress the repertoire of immune reactivities, both by attenuating innate (especially inflammatory) responses and by abrogating adaptive responses. In addition, apoptotic cells modulate multiple vital cell activities, including survival, proliferation (cell number), and growth (cell size). While the microenvironment of the tumor may contribute to apoptosis, the postmortem effects of apoptotic cells feature prominently in the reciprocal acclimatization between the tumor and its environment. In much the same way that pathogens evade the host's defenses through exploitation of key aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, cancer cells subvert several normal homeostatic processes, in particular wound healing and organ regeneration, to transform and overtake their environment. In understanding this subversion, it is crucial to view a tumor not simply as a clone of malignant cells, but rather as a complex and highly organized structure in which there exists a multidirectional flow of information between the cancer cells themselves and the multiple other cell types and extracellular matrix components of which the tumor is comprised. Apoptotic cells, therefore, have the unfortunate consequence of facilitating tumorigenesis and tumor survival.
The role of rhythm in adaptation to dysrhythmic speech, continued

Rhythm cues have been shown to be important for deciphering speech in adverse listening conditions, even when the rhythm cues are corrupted. In an initial attempt to document the relationship between rhythm perception and processing of a naturally dysrhythmic speech signal, we found that listeners with expertise in rhythm perception were not advantaged with initial intelligibility of ataxic dysarthria but were significantly advantaged with adaptation to the degraded speech signal [Borrie, Lansford, and Barrett, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 60, 561–570 (2017)]. We speculated that listeners with skills in rhythm perception are better able to exploit experience (familiarization) with the degraded speech, learning something useful about corrupted rhythm cues for subsequent processing. This current study investigated whether the relationship between rhythm perception and perceptual adaptation of dysrhythmic speech, observed in our previous study with ataxic dysarthria, holds for other forms of dysrhythmic speech. Here, we replicate our original study with two different forms of dysarthria: the largely irregular and unpredictable speech of hyperkinetic dysarthria secondary to Huntington’s disease, and the relatively regular and predictable speech of hypokinetic dysarthric speech secondary to Parkinson’s disease. Results will bear on models of dysrhythmic speech perception as well as clinical practice.Rhythm cues have been shown to be important for deciphering speech in adverse listening conditions, even when the rhythm cues are corrupted. In an initial attempt to document the relationship between rhythm perception and processing of a naturally dysrhythmic speech signal, we found that listeners with expertise in rhythm perception were not advantaged with initial intelligibility of ataxic dysarthria but were significantly advantaged with adaptation to the degraded speech signal [Borrie, Lansford, and Barrett, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 60, 561–570 (2017)]. We speculated that listeners with skills in rhythm perception are better able to exploit experience (familiarization) with the degraded speech, learning something useful about corrupted rhythm cues for subsequent processing. This current study investigated whether the relationship between rhythm perception and perceptual adaptation of dysrhythmic speech, observed in our previous study with ataxic dysarthria, holds for other fo...
Reconstructing Flood Inundation Probability by Enhancing Near Real-Time Imagery With Real-Time Gauges and Tweets

Flood inundation probability is critical for situation awareness, flood mitigation, emergency response, and postevent damage assessment. Current flood inundation mapping approaches can be categorized into real-time (RT) and near-RT (NRT) processes based on the timing of data acquisition. However, the intrinsic limitations of each category largely hamper their applications for flood mapping. Taking the 2015 South Carolina flood in downtown Columbia as a case study, this paper proposes a flood inundation reconstruction model by enhancing the NRT normalized difference water index (NDWI) derived from remote sensing imagery with the RT data including stream gauge readings and social media (tweets). Splitting into three modules: water height module, global enhancement module, and local enhancement module, the proposed model first incorporates the gauge readings and the NDWI image to reconstruct a macroscale flood probability layer, which is then locally enhanced using the verified flood-related tweets. The final output of the model matches well with the U.S. Geological Survey inundation map and its surveyed high-water marks. Results suggest that by enhancing NRT imagery with RT data sources, the proposed flood inundation probability reconstruction model renders a more robust, spatially enhanced flood probability index for emergency responders to quickly identify areas in need of urgent attention.
Expressive Speech-Driven Lip Movements with Multitask Learning

The orofacial area conveys a range of information, including speech articulation and emotions. These two factors add constraints to the facial movements, creating non-trivial integrations and interplays. To generate more expressive and naturalistic movements for conversational agents (CAs) the relationship between these factors should be carefully modeled. Data-driven models are more appropriate for this task than rule-based systems. This paper provides two deep learning speech-driven structures to integrate speech articulation and emotional cues. The proposed approaches rely on multitask learning (MTL) strategies, where related secondary tasks are jointly solved when synthesizing orofacial movements. In particular, we evaluate emotion recognition and viseme recognition as secondary tasks. The approach creates shared representations that generate behaviors that not only are closer to the original orofacial movements, but also are perceived more natural than the results from single task learning.
Outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. XVII. Specificity of transport process catalyzed by the λ-receptor protein in Escherichia coli

Abstract The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria contains (a) “porin” proteins that form transmembrane channels and allow diffusion of various hydrophilic, small molecules (Nakae, J. Biol. Chem., 251, 2176–2178, 1976), and (b) proteins which catalyze the specific transport of unique classes of compounds, e.g. the λ-receptor protein facilitates the diffusion of maltose and maltotriose (Szmelcman et al., Eur. J. Biochem., 65, 13–19, 1976). When strains of Escherichia coli , B r and K-12 containing the λ-receptor but not porin were constructed and compared with those containing neither of them, it was found that in the former strains the transmembrane diffusion of glucose and lactose, but not of histidine and 6-aminopenicillanic acid, was significantly accelerated. These results suggest that λ-receptor may facilitate the diffusion of sugars other than maltose.