cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Performance in Normal Newborns

Left ventricular function was assessed in 72 normal neonates (age 5-15 days, weight 6-10 lbs) using the echocardiographically determined mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF). Comparison between mean VCF determined echocardiographically and angiocardiographically in nine infants with congenital heart disease yielded a correlation coefficient of +0.97 (P < 0.001). For the group of normal newborns, mean VCF averaged 1.51 ± 0.04 (se) circumferences/sec with a range of 0.92 to 2.2 circ/sec. Sub-group values were: <12 hrs (N = 13) 1.48 ± 0.08 circ/sec; 12-24 hrs (N = 16) 1.46 ± 0.05 circ/sec; 24-48 hrs (N = 26) 1.44 ± 0.06 circ/sec; 48-72 hrs (N = 19) 1.57 – 0.06 circ/sec; 72-150 hrs (N = 8) 1.61 ± 0.11 circ/sec. The differences between age groups were not significant statistically. In contrast, VCF was noted to be depressed significantly in the first hour of life when normal infants were evaluated serially. These studies validate ultrasound determinations of internal shortening velocity in t...
Abstract B7: Annexin V inhibits local but not systemic murine fibrosarcoma growth by blocking phosphatidylserine

Introduction: Phosphatidylserine (PS), a phospholipid expressed on the cytoplasmic surface of plasma membrane, becomes externalized during apoptosis and regulates immune activation. During our previous studies, we found that live tumor cells can express PS on the cell surface. We hypothesized that PS expression allows tumors to escape immune destruction, and blocking PS with annexin V (AnV) would retard tumor growth. Materials and methods: CMS5 fibrosarcoma tumor cells were engineered to secrete AnV. Balb/c mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 105-106 CMS5 cells. Tumor growth was determined. Data was analyzed using student t-test. Results: WT tumors grew significantly faster than AnV secreting tumors, with average size of 0.876 cm3 compared to 0.320 cm3 (p<0.05) in immune competent but not in SCID mice. To test whether AnV secreting tumors are intrinsically altered we inoculated mice with a mixture of 25% AnV secreting and 75% WT tumor cells. Growth of mixed cell tumors was identical to AnV secreting tumors, and was significantly smaller than WT tumors, 0.876 cm3 compared to 0.324 cm3 (p<0.05). To determine whether the effect of AnV was local or systemic mice were inoculated with tumor cells on each flank. Regardless of the type of tumor on the opposite side, WT tumors grew significantly faster than AnV secreting tumors with average size of .684 cm3 versus 0.345 cm3 (p<0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated blocking tumor PS with AnV retards local tumor growth. The effects of AnV require an intact immune system. These findings suggest that PS promotes tumor tolerance and blocking PS with AnV may be used in future immunotherapy studies.
Isolation, cloning and deduced amino acid sequence of a novel glycoprotein from the haemolymph of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta

A low-abundance haemolymph protein from adult male Manduca sexta was purified to homogeneity. The 29,000 Da glycoprotein is synthesized in the fat body, is present in both male and female, and is present during all stages of development. Antiserum against the 29 kDa protein was raised in a rabbit and used to screen an M. sexta larval fat body cDNA library. An 880 base pair clone was isolated and found to contain the full-length transcript. Sequencing of the cDNA revealed an open reading frame of 699 bases beginning from the possible translation initiation site. The deduced 233-amino acid polypeptide contains an apparent 17-amino acid signal peptide and three potential N-glycosylation sites. The function of the 29 kDa protein is unknown.
The Impact of Importance and Distribution on Information Exchange in Team Decision Making: Preliminary Results

This research investigates the effects of information importance and distribution on its exchange in a synchronous distributed team environment. Data are being collected in laboratory studies where subjects interact through a computer-mediated decision support system. This paper presents the major research hypotheses, a theoretical framework for the study, describes the methodology, and presents preliminary results for two of the hypotheses. This research aims to make a significant contribution to understanding information exchange in teams.
Biology and larval feeding impact of Hypena opulenta (Christoph) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): A potential biological control agent for Vincetoxicum nigrum and V. rossicum

Abstract A classical biological control program has been initiated against the invasive European swallow-worts Vincetoxicum nigrum and Vincetoxicum rossicum in North America. The noctuid moth Hypena opulenta , discovered feeding on V. rossicum in forests of southeastern Ukraine, is currently under evaluation as a potential biological control agent. In this study the life cycle of H. opulenta and factors affecting diapause induction were evaluated. Additionally, larval impact of H. opulenta on Vincetoxicum spp. performance was tested to determine whether future screening is worthwhile. Adults of H. opulenta begin oviposition 2 days after emergence and produce approximately 600 eggs. Larvae develop through five larval instars and overwinter as pupae. Pupal diapause is facultative, resulting in at least two generations per year. Diapause induction is affected by photoperiod and seasonal changes in plant quality as evidenced by increasing diapause induction when larvae are grown under a short day photoperiod and on senescing plants in the fall. Feeding by two larvae per plant caused reductions in aboveground biomass to V. rossicum resulting in decreased reproductive output (flower, seedpod, and seed production). Only flower production of V. nigrum was negatively affected by larval feeding. The results of this study indicate that H. opulenta is a promising agent against forested populations of V. rossicum and warrants completion of host specificity testing and examination of population dynamics of H. opulenta . This practice of conducting impact assessments of herbivores that are apparent specialist feeders prior to conducting the full battery of host specificity tests should improve agent selection by reducing the costs associated with screening ineffective agents.
Hemiplegic migraine in childhood: Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects

Focal neurologic deficits, particularly hemiplegia, are occasionally observed in the pediatric migrainous population during the headache attack and are often mistaken for other neurologic or neurosurgical conditions. Clues to the correct diagnosis, illustrated by three patients in this report are: (1) rapid spontaneous recovery from the acute neurologic deficit, (2) striking electroencephalographic abnormalities, frequently consisting of focal slow waves during the acute stage, with rapid resolution, (3) significant past history of recurrent episodes, and (4) positive family history of migraine. Review of previously reported cases indicates that cerebral arteriography in the acute stage should be avoided if the clinical syndrome is typical. Preliminary results of prophylactic treatment with propranolol are encouraging; smaller dosage than those previously recommended sometimes can be effective.
Some consequences of the octet dominance model

Consequences of the octet dominance model based upon the tadpole diagram have been investigated. Especially the decays ω → 2π, K+ → 2π, and the mass difference between K 2 0 and K 1 0 have been computed.
Effects of vitamin A supplementation and weaning age on serum and liver retinol concentrations, carcass traits, and lipid composition in market beef cattle.

Abstract Angus crossbred steers ( n = 48) were either early-weaned (EW) at 137 days or weaned at a traditional age (TW) of 199 days to determine effects of weaning age and dietary vitamin A on serum and liver retinol, carcass traits, and lipid composition. Steers from both weaning ages were allotted to receive either 42,180 IU vitamin A/day (HA) or no supplemental vitamin A (NA). Early-weaned and TW steers consumed vitamin A treatments for 235 and 175 days, respectively. Serum and liver retinol of HA steers were dramatically higher ( P P > 0.10) between NA and HA steers, but HA steers had numerically greater ( P ⩾ 0.10) fat thickness (1.05 vs. 0.87 cm). Marbling score and %IMF fat were numerically ( P > 0.10) higher for EWNA than EWHA steers. Ratio of marbling score/12th rib fat thickness was greater ( P = 0.08), and ratios of either marbling or %IMF per unit of 12th rib fat thickness, days on finishing diet, unit of HCW, and tenth of yield grade consistently favored steers fed NA, particularly EW steers. Proportions of serum fatty acids changed ( P longissimus muscle did not change. Restricting vitamin A during finishing has potential to increase carcass marbling and to decrease waste fat, particularly for EW.
Google Books and WorldCat: a comparison of their content

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare Google Books with WorldCat and to assess some other functionalities of Google Books.Design/methodology/approach – Over 500 random samples generated from WorldCat were searched on Google Books. The search results were used to compare the coverage between Google Books and WorldCat, to estimate the successful link rate to a local library catalogue, the percentage available as full view, snippet, and preview on Google Books, and other services of Google Books.Findings – Google Books can retrieve almost all the books catalogued in WorldCat. Its “Find in a library” link to a local library catalogue works 75 percent of the time. Fewer than 10 percent of Google Books items have free full views, and about 15 percent have snippets and previews, respectively. Previews are much more useful than snippets. Google Books probably indexes books that it does not possess in digital form, in addition to indexing all the books that it has acquired in digital form.Originality/v...
Nucleation and Growth during Al2O3 Atomic Layer Deposition on Polymers

Nucleation and growth during Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD) were explored on a variety of polymer films at 85 °C. Al2O3 ALD was performed using sequential exposures of Al(CH3)3 [trimethylalumi...
Evaluation of metaflumizone granular fly bait for management of houseflies.

The housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a pest of great veterinary and public health importance. In this study, the efficacy of metaflumizone granular fly bait was assessed on first generation (F1) housefly adults raised from flies collected at a cattle feedlot in Kansas. All bioassays were conducted as choice tests, with flies having ad libitum access to water, granular sugar and bait. A commercial methomyl-based bait (Golden MalrinTM) was used as positive control; no bait (water and granular sugar only) was used as negative control. Fly mortality was recorded on days 2, 7 and 14. The metaflumizone bait was significantly more slow-acting than the methomyl bait (mortality rates after 2 days of exposure were 49.9% and 57.9%, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in cumulative mortality later in the bioassays. Cumulative mortality rates on days 7 and 14 were 96.1% (metaflumizone), 91.4% (methomyl) and 99.0% (metaflumizone), 97.6% (methomyl), respectively. Our results demonstrate that the metaflumizone granular fly bait may be an effective modality for incorporation into management programmes for houseflies in and around livestock production facilities as well as in residential settings.
Expression of an intracisternal A-particle-like element in rat ovary

We have isolated a rat intracisternal-A particle element (IAP)-like element (IAP-LE) from ovarian granulosa cells that appears to be identical to the rat EST clone AA964260. The compiled cDNA sequences contain several putative in-frame translation initiation codons with the largest capable of encoding a 365 amino acid protein with a reverse transcriptase domain in the N-terminus as well as a bipartite nuclear localization signal sequence in the middle. Northern blotting shows a major approximately 7 Kb transcript and a minor approximately 5 Kb transcript that are abundantly expressed in the ovary. In situ hybridization histochemistry using ovaries from gonadotropin-treated immature rats and regularly cycling adult rats show that this transcript is predominantly localized to granulosa cells of all healthy follicles, including primary follicles, and to newly-formed and healthy corpora lutea. This cell-specific expression pattern of the IAP-LE gene is distinct from those of the several known retroviral elements, suggesting the potentially novel functional importance of the IAP-LE gene. Taken together, our results demonstrate abundant and cell-specific expression of a novel IAP-LE in rat granulosa cells.
Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Female and Male Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence: Gender Differences in Stages and Processes of Change

The Transtheoretical Model has been recently applied to men seeking services at battering intervention and prevention programs (Eckhardt, Babcock, & Homack, 2004; Murphy & Baxter, 1997). This study considers whether women arrested for intimate partner violence differ from male perpetrators in terms of stages of change and processes of change. No gender differences were found regarding stage of change. In general, all individuals presenting for treatment were in the early stages of change. The use of various processes of change was strongly related to stage of change, with individuals in the more advanced stages of change using more behavioral and experiential strategies to become nonviolent. However, except for the use of social liberation strategies, there were no gender differences in the use of the various processes. These findings suggest that the Transtheoretical Model may apply to female perpetrators equally as well as to male perpetrators. Intervention programs designed for male batterers using the Transtheoretical Model may also be helpful in the treatment of women arrested for domestic violence.
Correlates of Same-Sex Sexuality in Heterosexually Identified Young Adults

Currently, little is known about heterosexually identified individuals who nonetheless acknowledge same-sex interests. To address this shortcoming, the prevalence of same-sex attractions, fantasies, and experiences among heterosexually identified college students was examined, as well as differences between those who are exclusively heterosexual in their interests and those who are nonexclusive because they report some same-sex attractions or fantasies. Students (N = 243) at a large, Northeastern university completed an online survey providing information about their sexual orientation identity; same- and other-sex attractions, fantasies, and behaviors; and demographic, sexual history, and sexual attitudes variables. Compared to exclusive heterosexual women, nonexclusive women were more liberal in their political and sexual attitudes and had greater sexual experience. Nonexclusive men were virtually indistinguishable from exclusive heterosexual peers on assessed variables. Results are discussed in terms o...
Identification of a partition region carried by the plasmid QpH1 of Coxiella burnetii

Summary Coxiella burnetii is an intracellular bacterial pathogen which causes Q fever in humans and other animals. Most of the isolates found carry plasmids which share considerable homology. Unfortunately all of these plasmids remain cryptic. Initial attempts to look for secreted or membrane proteins encoded by these plasmids using TnphoA mutagenesis revealed an open reading frame on the EcoRI-fragment C of the plasmid QpH1. Upstream DNA sequencing of the TnphoA insertions revealed a deduced peptide sequence with homology to the SopA protein which is encoded by the F plasmid in Escherichia coli. Maxi-cell analysis showed that fragment C encoded two proteins: one was 43.5 kDa in size and designated QsopA, and a second was 38 kDa in size. These proteins are similar in molecular weight to the SopA and SopB proteins, which are essential components of the partition mechanism of the F plasmid. The region appears to be conserved in plasmids QpRS, QpDV, and QpDG, but is absent in a plasmidless isolate in which plasmid sequences have integrated into the chromosomal DNA. Complementation studies demonstrated that fragment C has a plasmid partitioning function and can restore maintenance stability of the partition-defective mini-F plasmid. These data suggest that fragment C carries the plasmid partition region of the plasmid QpH1.
Design of steel MRF connections before and after 1994 Northridge earthquake

Abstract This paper presents the studies of pre-Northridge and post-Northridge earthquake welded beam-to-column connections used in typical steel moment-resisting frames (MRFs). The purpose of these studies is to give explanations on both fracture locations and failure modes of the aforementioned connections in rational ways. The stress concentration at the juncture of welded beam flange and column flange is analysed by three-dimensional elastic–plastic finite elements. The result clearly explains why the weak beam flange breaks off right at the weld due to triaxial actions in that region with no apparent yielding. The effect of backing bar in connection failure is analysed by fracture mechanics methods. The unfused backing bar surface next to the column flange is interpreted as an artificial crack. During the bending of a beam, the tension in the flange opens the artificial crack and initiates the rupture. The stress intensity factors at the artificial crack tips of both top and bottom backing bars are calculated by the J-integral method. The result explains why the rupture primarily started at the bottom flange but not at the top flange. The analytical cyclic load–deflection curves are compared with the SAC 2 full-size specimens tested at UC Berkeley. Good agreements between the analytical results and the experimental tests are found. Two remedy designs using a dog bone and reinforcing plates are presented at the end. Experimental results demonstrated their merits over the conventional design: large ductility without any brittle fracture.
Convolution-Generated Motion as a Link between Cellular Automata and Continuum Pattern Dynamics

Cellular automata have been used to model the formation and dynamics of patterns in a variety of chemical, biological, and ecological systems. However, for patterns in which sharp interfaces form and propagate, automata simulations can exhibit undesirable properties, including spurious anisotropy and poor representation of interface curvature effects. These simulations are also prohibitively slow when high accuracy is required, even in two dimensions. Also, the highly discrete nature of automata models makes theoretical analysis difficult. In this paper, we present a method for generating interface motions that is similar to the threshold dynamics type cellular automata, but based on continuous convolutions rather than discrete sums. These convolution-generated motions naturally achieve the fine-grid limit of the corresponding automata, and they are also well suited to numerical and theoretical analysis. Because of this, the desired pattern dynamics can be computed accurately and efficiently using adaptive resolution and fast Fourier transform techniques, and for a large class of convolutions the limiting interface motion laws can be derived analytically. Thus convolution-generated motion provides a numerically and analytically tractable link between cellular automata models and the smooth features of pattern dynamics. This is useful both as a means of describing the continuum limits of automata and as an independent foundation for expressing models for pattern dynamics. In this latter role, it also has a number of benefits over the traditional reaction?diffusion/Ginzburg?Landau continuum PDE models of pattern formation, which yield true moving interfaces only as singular limits. We illustrate the power of this approach with convolution-generated motion models for pattern dynamics in developmental biology and excitable media.
The hubble constant.

The Hubble constant is the constant of proportionality between recession velocity and distance in the expanding universe. It is a fundamental property of cosmology that sets both the scale and the expansion age of the universe. It is determined by measurement of galaxy The Hubble constant is the constant of proportionality between recession velocity and development of new techniques for the measurements of galaxy distances, both calibration uncertainties and debates over systematic errors remain. Current determinations still range over nearly a factor of 2; the higher values favored by most local measurements are not consistent with many theories of the origin of large-scale structure and stellar evolution.
Evidence for phosphorylation of human parainfluenza virus type 3 C protein: mutant C proteins exhibit variable inhibitory activities in vitro

The P mRNA of human parainfluenza virus type 3, like other members of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae, gives rise to several polypeptides, one amongst them, the C protein, which is involved in inhibition of viral RNA synthesis as well as counteracting the host interferon signaling pathway. As a further step towards characterizing the function of C protein we present evidence to demonstrate the phosphorylation of C protein. Evidence for this observation emerged from deletion mapping studies coupled with mass spectroscopy analysis confirming residues S7, S22, S47T48 and S81 residues as the phosphorylation sites within the NH2-terminus of C protein. Here, we utilized a HPIV 3 minigenome replication assay and real time RT-PCR analysis to measure the relative RNA levels synthesized in the presence of mutant C proteins. Mutants S7A and S81A displayed low levels of RNA while mutant 5A that was devoid of all these phosphorylation sites exhibited high RNA level in comparison to wild type C during transcription. Interestingly, high levels of RNA were observed in the presence of S81A and mutant 5A during replication. Taken together, our results indicate that phosphorylation may differentially affect the inhibitory activity of C protein thereby regulating viral RNA synthesis.
Editorial - Continuing the Tradition of Excellence in 2010 and Beyond

The IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control has been publishing important research results in the field of Systems and Control for over 50 years and it is an internationally recognized flagship publication in the field. As the new Editor-in-Chief the author is looking forward to leading the TRANSACTIONS in 2010 and beyond, through its next editorial cycle, maintaining its tradition of excellence and at the same time introducing modest changes, he hopes, for the better.
Atmospheric transmission model through autonomous visibility measurement

Performance of deep space optical communications is impacted by atmospheric outages. By monitoring intensities of known stellar objects with calibrated telescopes, atmospheric attenuation statistics can be recorded. This paper describes a program to develop an atmospheric transmission model for optical communications by making autonomous visibility measurements of known stellar objects from three locations in the southwest United States. The model will be used in link margin analyses for optical communications channels. The statistics will be updated on a quarterly basis and calibrated using image data taken over a long period of time. This calibration is expected to allow extrapolation to other ground-based locations through the use of global weather data bases.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The variability of the sun's ultraviolet radiation

Abstract The intensity of continua and emission lines which form the solar UV spectrum below 2100 A is variable. Continua and emission lines originating from different layers in the solar atmosphere show a different degree of variability. Coronal emission lines at short wavelengths are much more variable than continua at longer wavelengths which originate in lower layers of the solar atmosphere. Typical time-scales of solar UV variability are minutes (flare induced), days (birth of active regions), 27 days (solar rotation), 11 years (solar cycle) and perhaps centuries, caused by long-term changes of the solar activity. UV intensity variations have been determined by either absolute irradiance measurements or by contrast measurements of plages vs. the quiet sun. Plages are the main contributor to the solar UV variability. Typical values for the solar UV variability over a solar cycle are:
Space–time foam and cosmic-ray interactions

Abstract It has been proposed that propagation of cosmic-rays at extreme-energy may be sensitive to Lorentz-violating metric fluctuations (“foam”). We investigate the changes in interaction thresholds for cosmic-rays and gamma-rays interacting on the CMB and IR backgrounds, for a class of stochastic models of space–time foam. The strength of the foam is characterized by the factor ( E / M P ) a , where a is a phenomenological suppression parameter. We find that there exists a critical value of a (dependent on the particular reaction: a crit ∼3 for cosmic-rays, ∼1 for gamma-rays), below which the threshold energy can only be lowered, and above which the threshold energy may be raised, but at most by a factor of two. Thus, it does not appear possible in this class of models to extend cosmic-ray spectra significantly beyond their classical absorption energies. However, the lower thresholds resulting from foam may have signatures in the cosmic-ray spectrum. In the context of this foam model, we find that cosmic-ray energies cannot exceed the fundamental Planck scale, and so set a lower bound of 10 8 TeV for the scale of gravity. We also find that suppression of p→pπ 0 and γ→e − e + “decays” favors values a ≳ a crit . Finally, we comment on the apparent non-conservation of particle energy–momentum, and speculate on its re-emergence as dark energy in the foamy vacuum.
Measurement of Forced Expiratory Flows and Lung Volumes

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the information that measurements of forced expiratory flow can provide in spontaneously breathing and mechanically ventilated infants. 2. Delineate how lung volume can be measured. The measurements of forced expiratory flows and lung volumes are important to the evaluation of patients who have respiratory symptoms. Until recently, measurements have been restricted to adults and children old enough to cooperate with testing maneuvers. Newer techniques have enabled such measurements to be made in infants and led to improved understanding of normal lung and airway growth during infancy and early childhood, when dramatic changes occur. The measurements have had important clinical uses in the evaluation and treatment of infants who have respiratory disease, but their use has been limited because they require specialized equipment and expertise as well as sedation of the infant. In this article, we discuss the techniques required for measurement of forced expiratory flows and lung volumes, their limitations, and applications in clinical practice. Detection of airflow obstruction, by physical examination or by quantitative measurement techniques, is facilitated by increasing expiratory flow rates. Measurement of forced expiratory flows is useful because flow rates are inversely proportional to the fourth power of the radius of the airway and, therefore, are indicative of airway size when flow is limited. Disease states affecting the airways, including asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), or congenital lesions such as pulmonary hypoplasia or vascular airway compression, are expected to decrease expiratory flow. Infants typically are sedated for testing to maintain relaxed breathing with a face mask placed over the mouth and nose. This sedation often is perceived by parents and physicians as one of the barriers to such testing. (1) However, sedation can be achieved safely using oral chloral hydrate at a dose of 80 to 100 mg/kg. …
Effect of stimulus position and velocity upon the maintenance of smooth pursuit eye velocity

The relative contributions of retinal slip velocity and position errors to the generation of smooth pursuit eye movements were examined in three rhesus monkeys. Recognizing the unlikelihood of producing a pure retinal slip velocity or position error signal, these two stimulus parameters were combined under open-loop conditions. Both slip velocity and position error were used by the monkey to maintain an established eye velocity. Both parameters had the greatest effects upon eye velocity when they were in the same direction, enabling the monkey to maintain an established pursuit velocity. When slip velocity and position error were in the direction opposite to the initial pursuit, eye velocity reversed direction and moved very quickly towards zero. When the two parameters were in opposite directions, their effect upon eye velocity was minimized.
Histiocytosis X: otologic presentations

Summary Histiocytosis X is a relatively rare disease presenting as 3 clinical syndromes: eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, and Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease. Although the clinical expressions of the disease differ, the underlying histopathology appears to be the same. Since the disease frequently involves and not infrequently presents in the head and neck region, it is particularly relevant to the otolaryngologist. We have recently treated two young children presenting with bilateral otorrhea. Although histiocytosis X was entertained early in the evaluation of these patients, the diagnosis was difficult and prolonged in both cases. One case ultimately required electron microscopic study to confirm the diagnosis. Important aspects of the diagnosis are reviewed. Treatment of histiocytosis X includes surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. These treatment strategies are discussed, with particular emphasis on the management of the ear involvement.
Molecular Transport in Micro-Volumes Simulating Salivary Retention Areas

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA TRANSPORTO MOLECULAR IN MICRO-VOLUMINES SIMULANTE AREAS DE RETENTION SALIVARI.—I spatios restringite, solutiones es retenite e protegite contra displaciamento per capillaritate. Le transporto in tal areas es multo lente quando le solution del area de retention e le medio circumjacente es iso-osmotic. Differentias del concentration osmotic inter solutiones interne e externe esseva utilisate pro determinar le velocitates del transporto. Esseva constatate que tal differentias osmotic es multo efficace in le transporto de massa. In un micre compartimento le proportion del existente grande superficie con le micre volumine pare esser un obstaculo pro le alteration o le protection del parietes continente si un transporto de massa non occurre frequentemente.
Information and consumer credit in Central and Eastern Europe

Abstract We present a critique of Behavioral Economics, the dominant approach to reforming the regulation of retail credit, and propose a new approach to managing uncertainty in consumer lending. This new approach draws on a different model of decision-making, Distributed Cognition, to improve contract origination, and it takes inspiration from the Legal Theory of Finance with respect to contract enforcement. We develop a set of stylized arguments about information-related problems and their possible solutions in Central and East European markets, discussing separately measures to protect lenders, such as requiring collateral, collection, screening and data sharing, and those to protect consumers, including disclosure, data privacy and regulation of automated individual decisions. Then we move to enforcement and using the empirical case of the Hungarian foreign exchange mortgage crisis we illustrate the importance of elasticity of law.
Prothrombin profragment-1 optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism

Abstract The circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion of profragment-1. (MW 24,000) derived from human prothrombin (MW 72,000) as a function of pH and in the presence and absence of added calcium ions suggests that related conformational changes occur. As pH is increased from 3.0 an ORD trough at 232 nm becomes less negative and beginning near pH 5 a Cotton effect at 225 nm predominates. An ORD Cotton effect near 245 nm decreases in intensity upon addition of calcium ions. Between pH 4.9 and 5.9 profound changes are observed in the CD spectra of profragment-1 over the range from 228 nm to 260 nm. Over this same wavelength range calcium ions added at neutral pH induced changes to a spectrum morphology similar to that evinced by profragment-1 at pH 4.9 in the absence of calcium ions.
An Efficient Asymptotic Approach for Assessing Fatigue Reliability

By applying the cumulative fatigue damage to the random process reliability problem, and the introduction of a proposed concept of unified equivalent stress mean level in fatigue life prediction, a technical reliability model for the random process problem under fatigue failure is proposed. The technical model emphasizes efficiency in the design choice and focuses on the accuracy of the results. Based on this model, an asymptotic method for fatigue reliability under random process loading is developed. The proposed method uses the recursive iteration algorithm to achieve results which include reliability and its corresponding mission life. The method reconciles the requirement of accuracy and efficiency for the random process reliability problems under fatigue failure. The accuracy and analytical and numerical efforts required are compared. Through numerical example, the advantage of the proposed method is demonstrated.
FACTORS AFFECTING STREPTOMYCIN YIELDS

ALTHOUGH HIGH YIELDS of a desired fermentation product can often be obtained by empirical manipulations of the environment in which a given organism is expected to be productive, it is more satisfying scientifically to base such control, if possible, on a closer acquaintance with the nature of the fermentation. For instance, high yields of penicillin are accompanied by characteristic metabolic changes in the medium; both can be attained by changing the physical or chemical milieu of the organism (cf. Jarvis and Johnson, 1947). Early experiments with Streptomyces griseus seemed to support the hypothesis that streptomycin production would follow a similar pattern (Garner et al., 1950); however, subsequent results showed that the relation between high streptomycin yields and gross metabolism, at least as embraced by our studies, was obscure more often than not. Waksman et al. (1946) first reported some of the changes occurring, during growth of a streptomycinproducing organism. They found a gradual rise in pH of the culture on a glucose, peptone, meat extract medium, and an increase in ammonia and amino nitrogen; accumulation of streptomycin paralleled the growth of the organism. Gottlieb and Anderson (1947) used a vegetative inoculum, which gives more rapid growth, and found that the peak of streptomycin production lagged behind the growth peak. Synthesis of streptomycin proceeded only in the presence of oxygen, and there was no correlation between pH changes and streptomycin production. Dulaney and Perlman (1947) compared the chemical changes that occurred during the submerged growth of organisms in Waksman's medium and media that contained high levels of either phosphate or carbohydrate. The growth phase was accompanied by reduction of soluble medium constituents, a high oxygen demand, and little streptomycin production. This was followed by an autolytic phase in which inorganic phosphorus and soluble nitrogen were released, the oxygen demand dropped, and streptomycin was produced. Added phosphate reduced streptomvcin yields, while high levels of carbohydrate had little effect aside from prolonging the growth phase. We have isolated a culture capable of giving relatively high yields and have attempted to analyze
3,7-Dideacetyl-khivorin

The title compound, a d-seco limonoid (systematic name: 1α-acet­yloxy-14,15β:21,23-diep­oxy-3α,7α-dihydr­oxy-4,4,8-trimethyl-d-homo-24-nor-17-oxochola-20,22-dien-16-one), C28H38O8, was isolated from the stem bark of African mahogany Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae). The six-membered rings show chair, boat and half-chair conformations, while the furan ring is planar. The crystal packing is stabilized by both intra- and inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Switched-capacitor lowpass filters based on recursive running sum cells

An efficient implementation of recursive running sum filters by switched-capacitor techniques is presented. To improve the frequency selectivity of these cells, a novel recursive sharpening procedure is proposed. The resulting building blocks are completely stray-insensitive and exhibit very low element sensitivities.
Primes in arithmetic progression

A method for a computer search of primes in arithmetic progression is described. Six sequences of length 16 and 21 sequences of length 15 were found as well as numerous sequences of lengths 13 and 14.
Geochemistry of the rare-earth elements in hypersaline and dilute acidic natural terrestrial waters: Complexation behavior and middle rare-earth element enrichments

Rare-earth element (REE) speciation was modelled in acid (2.9 ≤ pH ≤ 3.5), hypersaline groundwaters from Australia and from the Palo Duro Basin in Texas, USA, using a combined specific ion interaction (Pitzer model) and ion pairing model. The free metal ion species (i.e. Ln3+) is the dominant form of dissolved REEs in these systems, accounting for 40–70% of the dissolved metal in groundwater from Lake Tyrrell (Victoria, Australia), 50–90% of the REEs in groundwater from Lake Gilmore (Western Australia), and always > 90% of each REE in the Texas groundwaters. (Lakes Tyrrell and Gilmore are actually dry lakes that act as groundwater discharge zones.) The abundance of the free metal ion species increases in these waters with increasing ionic strength and with decreasing pH. The free metal ion species is followed in abundance by REE-sulfate and REE-chloride complexes that account for: 20–50% and 10–15%, respectively, of the dissolved REEs in the groundwaters from Lake Tyrrell; 15–30% and 5–20%, respectively, in the groundwaters from Lake Gilmore; and < 3% and < 7%, respectively, in the Palo Duro Basin groundwaters. The groundwaters of the Lake Tyrrell system and the Palo Duro Basin are enriched in the middle REEs (MREEs) compared to both the light REEs (LREEs) and the heavy REEs (HREEs). (Only Nd, Sm, and Dy were determined in the Lake Gilmore groundwaters and, consequently, it is unclear whether these acid groundwaters are also enriched in the MREEs.) Previous investigators suggested that Fe-rich organic flocs, REE-phosphate complexation, and solid-liquid exchange reactions between terrestrial waters and MREE-enriched surface FeMn coatings, suspended particulates, or secondary mineral phases within aquifer materials, may promote the development of MREE enrichments in natural waters. We propose that organic colloids and REE-phosphate complexes are insignificant in acidic natural waters in regards to MREE enrichments. Instead, solid-liquid exchange reactions or dissolution of surface coatings, suspended particulates, and/or secondary phases as well as sulfate complexation, more likely controls the development of MREE enrichments in acidic natural terrestrial waters.
How and When to Decide on Revascularization in Stable Ischemic Heart Disease

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. While an invasive strategy of early revascularization reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes, there is no convincing evidence that this strategy leads to an incremental survival advantage for patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) beyond that achieved by optimal medical therapy. Two landmark trials, COURAGE and BARI 2D, suggest that a strategy of aggressive medical therapy is a reasonable initial approach to such patients. However, there remain certain groups of patients, those with at least moderate ischemia on baseline stress testing, where there is still clinical equipoise. Major society guidelines favor revascularization based on observational data and trials of CABG conducted decades ago, yet data from modern randomized trials are lacking. Ongoing trials such as ISCHEMIA should provide clinicians with evidence to guide selection of the appropriate initial management strategy for patients with SIHD.
Testing the Ginzburg-Landau approximation for three-flavor crystalline color superconductivity

It is an open challenge to analyze the crystalline color superconducting phases that may arise in cold dense, but not asymptotically dense, three-flavor quark matter. At present the only approximation within which it seems possible to compare the free energies of the myriad possible crystal structures is the Ginzburg-Landau approximation. Here, we test this approximation on a particularly simple 'crystal' structure in which there are only two condensates {approx}{delta}exp(iq{sub 2}{center_dot}r) and {approx}{delta}exp(iq{sub 3}{center_dot}r) whose position-space dependence is that of two plane waves with wave vectors q{sub 2} and q{sub 3} at arbitrary angles. For this case, we are able to solve the mean-field gap equation without making a Ginzburg-Landau approximation. We find that the Ginzburg-Landau approximation works in the {delta}{yields}0 limit as expected, find that it correctly predicts that {delta} decreases with increasing angle between q{sub 2} and q{sub 3} meaning that the phase with q{sub 2} parallel q{sub 3} has the lowest free energy, and find that the Ginzburg-Landau approximation is conservative in the sense that it underestimates {delta} at all values of the angle between q{sub 2} and q{sub 3}.
The Length to Which an Earthquake Will Go to Rupture

Abstract Using a database of 22 historical strike-slip surface rupture earthquakes, an apparent upper limit is observed in the number of steps through which an earthquake is likely to rupture. The number of ruptures is also observed to decrease as a function of the number of steps through which the respective earthquakes propagated. The observations may be important for assessing the expected length of earthquake ruptures where fault sections interact on mapped fault systems.
Tissue distribution of microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases and their inducibility by phenobarbital in house fly, Musca domestica L.

Abstract The tissue distribution of cytochrome P -450 microsomal monooxygenases are known to vary between insect species, but have not been reported from house fly ( Musca domestica L.). We investigated the levels of cytochrome P -450s, cytochrome b 5, cytochrome P -450 reductase, cytochrome P -450 lpr and 4 cytochrome P -450 monooxygenase activities in the abdominal tissues from house fly and the relative responsiveness of individual tissues to the monooxygenase inducer phenobarbital (PB). The monooxygenase activity of the whole abdomen is primarily due to activities in the fat bodies, proximal intestine and Malpighian tubules. In general, PB induces the monooxygenases in most tissues, although the level of induction varies between tissues and assays. The largest induction was seen in the fat bodies for 7-ethoxycoumarin o -deethylation and aldrin epoxidation assays where PB caused > 50-fold increase in activity. Our results clearly indicate that although the whole abdomen generally reflects an average of the individual tissues, the monooxygenase activities and responsiveness to induction vary dramatically from one tissue to another. The pattern of tissue distribution of monooxygenases in the house fly relative to other insects is discussed.
Reproductive performance of yellowtail rockfish, Sebastes flavidus

Field and laboratory studies were conducted for 3 years on the yellowtail rockfish, Sebastes flavidus, from Cordell Bank, California, in order to characterize the reproduction of this species whose northern stocks have declined. Research findings included reversal of the sex ratios and male-female ages and sizes at age throughout the annual cycle, heavier and longer females at age than males after sexual maturation, maturation of females at 6 and males at 8 years, long reproductive lifespans, distinct male and female gonadosomatic index patterns over the annual cycle, age- and size-specific fecundity, no difference between potential and realized fecundity and the seasonal changes associated with gonadogenesis. The reproductive profile of the Cordell Bank yellowtail rockfish provided a base for comparison with northern populations that appeared to differ, especially in age and size.
Fast, accurate variation-aware path timing computation for sub-threshold circuits

In this work, we propose a fast tool to compute the variation (σ/μ) of delay for any logic path in a synthesized design for any given process corner. The proposed method does not require deep understanding of device physics, prior knowledge of the design, or extensive Monte Carlo simulation, and it provides good accuracy with less than 11% error. We also demonstrate the importance of using variation estimation methods to identify critical paths in sub-threshold designs, as the logic path with longest nominal delay may not have the greatest stochastic delay (μ+xσ).
Petrotectonic evolution and melt modeling of the Peñon Blanco arc, central Sierra Nevada foothills, California

The Penon Blanco arc of the Jurassic-Triassic arc belt in central California is composed of the Jasper Point Formation, Penon Blanco Formation, and coeval Don Pedro intrusive suite, all exposed in the core of the Cotton Creek anticline. The Jasper Point Formation consists of ∼900 m of massive to pillowed lavas and up to 50 m of depositionally overlying chert and transitional basalts. It passes upward into the Penon Blanco Formation, which is made up of ∼700 m of crystal-lithic basaltic tuff, 1–3.5 km of augite-rich volcaniclastic rocks, and up to 3.5 km of massive to brecciated flows of augite-phyric basalt. The Penon Blanco Formation is paraconformably overlain by the Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian Mariposa Formation, which provides a minimum age of juxtaposition for the Penon Blanco arc against the inboard Calaveras Complex. New geochemical data from the Penon Blanco arc show that the two volcanic suites are geochemically distinct. Jasper Point basalts are tholeiitic and are characterized by high large ion lithophile element (LILE) abundances, moderate high field strength element (HFSE) and heavy rare earth element (HREE) abundances, and low Ti/V ratios. Penon Blanco basalts are calc-alkaline, have higher LILE abundances, lower HFSE and HREE abundances, and lower Ti/V ratios. Geochemical modeling of melt sources indicates that both units formed by melting of a depleted spinel-bearing mantle source at 30–60 km depth by low to moderate amounts of partial melting (∼3%–5% for Jasper Point and 5%–7.5% for Penon Blanco). The geochemical modeling and field data suggest that the Jasper Point basalts are similar to normal mid-ocean-ridge basalt (N-MORB) and were associated with forearc rifting, while the Penon Blanco basalts represent the transition to arc volcanism and head-on subduction. This model is consistent with interpretations for a single ensimatic arc on the Jurassic margin of North America.
Economic Grand Rounds: Experience With Mandated Use of Generic Medications for Patients Covered by the Mental Health Safety Net

Reducing pharmacy costs without increasing adverse outcomes would relieve some pressure on mental health budgets. This column describes the experience of a publicly funded provider network in a Michigan county that mandated generic use of psychotropic medications to address financial challenges. The percentage of brand-name medications and cost per prescription declined with the policy change, resulting in lower total pharmacy expenditures. No increase was noted in prescriptions per patient or psychiatric hospitalizations. Changes were sustained after the initial implementation period. Mandating generic use may be feasible as a tool for constraining pharmacy costs in mental health budgets.