cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laughing at finitude: Slavoj Žižek reads Being and Time

“Laughing at Finitude” interprets Slavoj Žižek’s intellectual project as responding to a challenge left by Being and Time. Setting out from discussions of Heidegger’s book in The Parallax View and The Ticklish Subject, the essay exfoliates Žižek’s response to the Heideggerian version of a “philosophy of finitude”—both finding the central insight of Žižek’s work in Heidegger’s radical proposal for “anticipatory resoluteness” and developing Žižek’s critique of Being and Time as indicating Heidegger’s retreat from that proposal within the very book where it appears. Žižek reads Being and Time’s existential thematic as proposing a radical subjectivism and, unlike other Heidegger-critics, praises this aspect of the project. Indeed, Žižek claims that the weakness of Being and Time as a whole is that it is insufficiently radical in its subjectivism. For him, Heidegger is a thinker of ambiguous value, one who develops a program from whose own demands he hides. “Laughing at Finitude” both articulates this accusation of self-deception in Heidegger and examines the imperatives necessary to avoid it, for a dialectical shift from the “tragic” voice in existential treatments of finitude and for a revolutionary collectivist re-conception of social “Mitsein.” It suggests, in the process, Žižek’s own intellectual itinerary.
Study on Exploitation Potential Evaluation of Reserved Land Resources Suitable for Cultivation in Wuhua County of Guangdong Province

The exploitation potential evaluation of reserved land resources suitable for cultivation is a scientific basis to conduct the land development and consolidation. Combining with the actual situation of Wuhua county of Guangdong province, based on the suitable evaluation for cultivation, this paper selects five evaluation factors from the perspective of project implementation such as the terrain slope, the road density, the irrigation condition of surrounding farmland, the nearest distance to farmland and the map spot area of the nearest farmland to build the evaluation index system, and evaluate the exploitation potential of the reserved land resources. According to the area of supplementary cultivated land and the grading unit of the administrative village, the exploitation potential of the reserved land resources in Wuhua is divided into three partitions. The evaluation results show that the exploitation potential of Wuhua county is 731 hectares under the productivity level of present and foreseeable period, including other grassland, inland beach and bare land, mainly distributed in the basin and river valley of midland. The potential grading results show that the potential area of gradeIis 586.54 hectares, which terrain is flat and given the first priority to exploitation; the potential area of gradeIIis 128.84 hectares, which distribution is scattered and is given the second priority to exploitation; the potential area of grade III is 15.62 hectares, which mainly distributed in mountainous region and could be alternative to exploitation. The research results can provide a reference for development and arrangement planning of reserve land resources in Wuhua county.
Modulation of brain protein phosphorylation by the S-100 protein.

Abstract The effects of the nervous system specific protein, S-100, on protein phosphorylation in rat brain is examined. The S-100 protein inhibits the phosphorylation of several soluble brain proteins in a calcium dependent fashion. The most potent effect exhibited by S-100 was on the phosphorylation of a protein having a molecular weight of 73,000. The data suggest that the calcium binding S-100 protein, for which a function has not yet been assigned, may modulate calcium dependent phosphorylation of selected brain proteins.
Extreme-Ultraviolet and X-Ray Spectroscopy of a Solar Flare Loop Observed at High Time Resolution: A Case Study in Chromospheric Evaporation

We present extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray light curves and Doppler velocity measurements for a GOES class M2 solar flare observed in NOAA Active Region 9433 on 2001 April 24 at high time resolution with the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) satellite (9.83 s) and the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) and Hard X-Ray Telescope (HXT) on board the Yohkoh satellite (9.00 s). Coordinated imagery with SOHO's Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope and the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer satellite reveal that the CDS slit was centered on the flare commencement site; coordinated magnetograms from SOHO's Michelson Doppler Imager are consistent with this site being the footpoint of a flare loop anchored in positive magnetic field near the outer edge of a sunspot's penumbra. CDS observations include the preflare quiescent phase, two precursors, the flare impulsive and peak phases, and its slow decline. We find that (1) the average wavelengths of O III, O IV, O V, Ne VI, and He II lines measured during the preflare quiescent phase are equal (within the measurement uncertainties) to those measured during the late decline phase, indicating that they can be used as reference standards against which to measure Doppler velocities during the flare; (2) the EUV lines of O III, O IV, O V, and He II exhibit upflow velocities of ~40 km s-1 during both precursor events, suggestive of small-scale chromospheric evaporation; (3) the Fe XIX EUV intensity rises and stays above its preflare noise level during the second (later) precursor; (4) the maximum upflow velocities measured in Fe XIX with CDS (64 km s-1) and in Ca XIX (65 km s-1) and S XV (78 km s-1) with BCS occur during the flare impulsive phase and are simultaneous within the instrumental time resolutions; (5) the Fe XIX EUV intensity begins its impulsive rise nearly 90 s later than the rise in intensities of the cooler lines; (6) hard X-ray emission arises nearly 60 s after the cool EUV lines begin their impulsive intensity rise; and (7) the EUV lines of O III, O IV, O V, and He II exhibit downflow velocities of ~40 km s-1 during the flare impulsive phase, suggesting momentum balance between the hot upflowing material and the cool downflowing material. Our observations are consistent with energy transport by nonthermal particle beams in chromospheric evaporation theory.
COMPARING PROJECTIVE WITH SELF-RATING MEASUREMENT SCALES: AN APPLICATION TO CUSTOMER-ORIENTATION MEASURES '

Summary.-Within a sales context, measurement scales are often used to support both academic research and managerial decision making. Improvement in measurement scales should lead to the development of better theories as weU as more effective managerial decisions. This paper examined a projective measurement technique as an alternative to traditional self-report measures. Data were collected on customers' orientation from three perspectives, a direct self-report by salespeople, a projective technique by salespeople, and a customer-orientation measure completed by retail buyers. A total of 484 salespeople and 484 retail buyers participated in the study, responding to an adaptation of the Selling Orientation Customer Orientation scale. Comparisons of the scores among the three groups were made. The mean from the projective scale was between the mean for the direct scale and the mean €or the buyer scale. ALSO, the self-report measure produced the smallest variance while the projective scale produced the largest variance. These results indicated support for the projective technique in reducing self-report bias. Within a sales context, measurement scales are often used to support both academic research and managerial decision making. An improved understanding of sales-related phenomena is dependent on improved measures. In applied settings, the results of aptitude, personality, or behavior-based measures may affect hiring decisions (Hunter & Hunter, 1984), influence both the design and effects of training programs, and contribute to the evaluation of salespersons' performance (Jackson, Keith, & Schlacter, 1983). Improved measurement also will provide greater understanding of other important phenomena surrounding saIes issues such as turnover, organizational commitment, and role perceptions as well as development of better theories in the literature. This study examined the measurement of sales behaviors and aptitudes using a projective technique as an alternative approach to traditional self-report measures. Results obtained with the projective approach were compared with self-report scores. The benefits of the projective technique, including potential reduction of bias inherent in self-report measures, are discussed. This technique may also represent a form of quasitriangulation since it provides an additional method for measuring constructs. Prior research on cus
A psychophysical investigation of global illumination algorithms used in augmented reality

The overarching goal of this research was to compare different rendering solutions in order to understand why some yield better results specifically when applied to rendering synthetic objects into real photographs. A psychophysical experiment was conducted in which the composite images were judged for accuracy against the original photograph. In addition, iCAM, an image color appearance model was also used to calculate image differences for the same set of images. Conclusions obtained included the effect of global illumination on the accuracy of the final composite rendering. Also, it was discovered that the original rendering with all of its artifacts is not necessarily an indicator of the final composite image's judged accuracy. Finally, initial results show promise in using iCAM to predict a relationship similar to the psychophysics, which could eventually be used in-the-rendering-loop to achieve photorealism with minimized computation.
High-performance local area communication with fast sockets

Modern switched networks such as ATM and Myrinet enable low-latency, high-bandwidth communication. This performance has not been realized by current applications, because of the high processing overheads imposed by existing communications software. These overheads are usually not hidden with large packets; most network traffic is small. We have developed Fast Sockets, a local-area communication layer that utilizes a high-performance protocol and exports the Berkeley Sockets programming interface. Fast Sockets realizes round-trip transfer times of 60 microseconds and maximum transfer bandwidth of 33 MB/second between two UltraSPARC 1s connected by a Myrinet network. Fast Sockets obtains performance by collapsing protocol layers, using simple buffer management strategies, and utilizing knowledge of packet destinations for direct transfer into user buffers. Using receive posting, we make the Sockets API a single-copy communications layer and enable regular Sockets programs to exploit the performance of modern networks. Fast Sockets transparently reverts to standard TCP/IP protocols for wide-area communication.
Turnbull 2000: corporate governance and the financial sector

Corporate governance in the financial services sector is influenced by factors peculiar to the industry. The author assesses the influence of analysts and points out that reporting timetables across the industry mean that peer pressure becomes an unusually influential factor. He assesses how this year’s reporting is likely to progress and provides advice to businesses in the financial services sector on how to enhance their corporate governance disclosures.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm Treated With Surgical Correction and Concomitant Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Idiopathic pulmonary artery aneurysm is a rare clinical entity, and therefore the natural course and clinical management are not well established. We present the case of an elderly woman with a symptomatic idiopathic pulmonary artery aneurysm who underwent surgical repair along with simultaneous coronary artery bypass grafting. With long-term follow-up presented in this report, we describe the safety and durability of surgical repair.
Rapid recurrence of geographic atrophy after full macular translocation for nonexudative age-related macular degeneration.

Objective To report the recurrence of geographic atrophy (GA) in a patient with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) after full macular translocation. Design Observational case report. Methods Review of the clinical, photographic, and angiographic records of a patient with GA who underwent full macular translocation. Main Outcome Measures Progression of GA. Results A 73-year-old man with GA secondary to nonexudative AMD underwent a macular translocation with 360 peripheral retinectomy (MT 360) in his left eye. On postoperative month 4, fundus photography showed subtle alterations of the pigment underneath the translocated foveal region. On postoperative month 9, the visual acuity worsened to preoperative levels and there was frank retinal pigment epithelium atrophy involving the new macular region. Conclusions The rapid recurrence and development of GA in the translocated fovea after MT 360 raise new questions regarding the pathogenesis of GA. They also raise concerns regarding the use of MT 360 in the management of nonexudative AMD.
Examining mealtime behaviors in families of young children with type 1 diabetes on intensive insulin therapy

This study examined mealtime behaviors in families of young children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) on intensive insulin therapy. Behaviors were compared to published data for children on conventional therapy and examined for correlations with glycemic control. Thirty-nine families participated and had at least three home meals videotaped while children wore a continuous glucose monitor. Videotaped meals were coded for parent, child, and child eating behaviors using a valid coding system. A group difference was found for child request for food only. There were also associations found between children's glycemic control and child play and away. However, no associations were found between parent and child behaviors within meals and children's corresponding post-prandial glycemic control. Results reinforce existing research indicating that mealtime behavior problems exist for families of young children even in the context of intensive therapy and that some child behaviors may relate to glycemic control.
An Ethnographic Approach to Targeted Sampling: Problems and Solutions in AIDS Prevention Research among Injection Drug and Crack-Cocaine Users

Recruiting large samples from "hidden populations" of injection drug and crack-cocaine users who are not in drug treatment has been a troubling methodological problem that has increased in significance in the face of the AIDS pandemic. This article describes a sampling strategy developed for AIDS prevention research in Montgomery County (Dayton) Ohio that combines targeted sampling with the systematic derivation of proportional sampling quotas. The ethnographic mapping of drug use indicators by outreach workers plays a key role in the sampling design. The triangulation of independent drug use indicators enables us to estimate the relative density of drug users throughout the county and generate proportional sampling quotas for three sampling zones. The sampling strategy has a range of potential applications.
Can wrist blood pressure oscillometer be used for triage in an adult emergency department

Study objective We compare the performance of a wrist blood pressure oscillometer with the mercury standard in the triage process of an emergency department (ED) and evaluate the impact of wrist blood pressure measurement on triage decision. Methods Blood pressure was successively measured with the standard mercury sphygmomanometer and with the OMRON-RX-I wrist oscillometer in a convenience sample of 2,493 adult patients presenting to the ED with non–life-threatening emergencies. Wrist and mercury measures were compared using criteria of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and the British Hypertension Society (BHS). The impact on triage decisions was evaluated by estimating the rate of changes in triage decisions attributable to blood pressure results obtained with the wrist device. Results Wrist oscillometer failed to meet the minimal requirements for recommendation by underestimating diastolic and systolic blood pressure. Mean (±SD) differences between mercury and wrist devices were 8.0 mm Hg (±14.7) for systolic and 4.2 mm Hg (±12.0) for diastolic measures. The cumulative percentage of blood pressure readings within 5, 10, and 15 mm Hg of the mercury standard was 32%, 58%, and 72% for systolic, and 40%, 67%, and 83% for diastolic measures, respectively. Using the wrist device would have erroneously influenced the triage decision in 7.6% of the situations. The acuity level would have been overestimated in 2.2% and underestimated in 5.4% of the triage situations. Conclusion The performance of the OMRON-RX-I wrist oscillometer does not fulfill the minimum criteria of AAMI and BHS compared with mercury standard in the ED triage setting.
Large scale modal analysis on a vector computer

Modal analyses are integral parts of control system analyses. Many of these types of computations are computation intensive even for small systems. For large systems, there are no generally accepted algorithms for modal analysis. Such algorithms are still subjects of research. In this paper we consider one family of modal algorithms and discuss their implementations on a particular vector/parallel computer. Simple examples are used to illustrate some of the key considerations.
Sub-THz beam-forming using near-field coupling of Distributed Active Radiator arrays

The paper demonstrates Distributed Active Radiator (DAR) arrays as a novel way of beam-forming at sub-THz frequencies in CMOS. Near-field coupling is shown to be a scalable method for mutually locking multiple DARs to beam-form and generate high EIRP. As proofs of concept, 2×1 and 2×2 arrays of DARs, mutually synchronized through near-field coupling, are implemented in 65nm bulk CMOS. The paper also shows beam-forming near 200GHz for the 2×2 array with broadside EIRP of −1.9 dBm, total radiated power of 54 µW and beam-scanning range for approximately ± 30° in each of the two orthogonal directions in 2D space.
Deterioration in cardiometabolic risk markers in obese women during depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use.

Abstract Background Highly effective contraception is essential in obese women, but it should not increase their risk of developing or worsening obesity-related cardiometabolic illness. The purpose of this 18-week prospective experimental study was to compare the impact of subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC) on cardiometabolic markers in obese and normal-weight women. Methods Normal-weight [body mass index (BMI) 18.5–24.9 kg/m2] and obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2) women received injections of 104 mg DMPA-SC at baseline and 12 weeks later. Markers of cardiometabolic risk measured at baseline and 18 weeks after the first injection included body morphometry, fasting blood tests, and oral and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIGT). Results At baseline, median gravidity, BMI, abdominal circumference, and acute insulin response to intravenous glucose were higher and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and insulin sensitivity (SI from FSIGTs) were lower in the 10 obese participants than the five normal-weight women (p≤.05 for each). While there was no significant difference between median baseline and follow-up values among normal-weight women, the difference between median baseline and follow-up among the obese cohort was significantly higher for BMI and lower for HDL cholesterol and insulin sensitivity (SI) (p≤.05 for each). The absolute changes for routinely measured clinical laboratory values of metabolic decline were no different among the normal-weight vs. obese women. The difference in absolute change in β-cell compensation for insulin resistance [disposition index (DI)] was significant between the two groups at follow-up, with the normal-weight group experiencing an increase in DI while the obese group experienced a decline in DI (188.5 vs. −286, p=.04). Conclusions Obese women have an increased baseline cardiometabolic risk when compared with normal-weight women at baseline. There was a significantly greater decline in β-cell compensation for insulin resistance in obese women on DMPA. Our data suggest potential deleterious effects of DMPA on glucose regulation in obese women. Further studies should elucidate the long-term cardiometabolic consequences of DMPA use in obese women.
Testing neonate-infant membrane oxygenators with the University of Texas neonatal pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass system in vitro

Neurologic complications are already well documented after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedures in neonates and infants. Physiologic pulsatile flow CPB systems may be the alternative to the currently used steady-flow CPB circuits. In addition to the pulsatile pump, a membrane oxygenator should be chosen carefully, because only a few membrane oxygenators are suitable for physiologic pulsatile flow. We have tested four different types of neonate-infant membrane oxygenators for physiologic pulsatility with The University of Texas neonate-infant pulsatile CPB system in vitro. Evaluation criteria were based on mean ejection time, extracorporeal circuit (ECC) pressure, and upstroke of dp/dt. The results suggested that the Capiox 308 hollow-fibre membrane oxygenator produced the best physiologic pulsatile waveform according to the ejection time, ECC pressure, and the upstroke of dp/dt. The Minimax Plus and Masterflo Infant hollow-fibre membrane oxygenators also produced adequate pulsatile flow. Only the Varia...
Foreword: Manual Therapy

Gurus, science, and critical thinking—these terms all have applicability to the topic of this special issue: manual therapy. In this issue, we define manual therapy as more than a specialty area in physical therapy that uses passive movement techniques or mobilization. Rather, we intend to include an eclectic set of evaluation and treatment procedures for individuals with musculoskeletal problems. Many of these evaluation and treatment systems for musculoskeletal dysfunction have evolved from the practice and experience of numerous clinicians; however, the scientific evidence to support the efficacy of manual therapy intervention is limited.…
Implementing security policies using the Safe Areas of Computation approach

The World Wide Web is playing a major role in reducing business costs and in providing convenience to users. Digital libraries capitalize on this technology to distribute documents that are stored in their servers. Online banks capitalize on this technology to reduce their operating costs and to offer 24 hour services to their clients. These two services are examples of services that require a high degree of security. Therefore, they require a higher level of protection than the existing technologies commonly used in the World Wide Web. An approach that can be used to protect Internet transactions, called Safe Areas of Computation, was described in (dos Santos and Kemmerer, 1999). This paper describes the access control lists used by the Safe Areas of Computation approach, the operations on these access control lists supported by the approach, and how the access control lists can be customized for implementing many different security policies. This paper also describes example policies that can be used to protect digital libraries and online bank services. The paper uses the bank services as an example of how the generic security policies supported by the SAC approach can be composed.
Measurements of the Influence of Soot Radiation on In-Cylinder Temperatures and Exhaust NOx in a Heavy-Duty DI Diesel Engine

It is generally accepted that thermal (Zeldo'vich) chemical kinetics dominate NO formation in diesel engines, so control of temperature is critical for reducing exhaust NOx emissions. Recent optical engine data revealed that when the start of injection (SOI) was retarded to very late timings, combustion luminosity decreased while exhaust NOx emissions increased, causing a "NOx bump." This data suggested that changes in radiative heat transfer from soot may affect in-cylinder temperatures and subsequent NOx formation. In this study, soot thermometry measurements of in-cylinder temperature and radiative heat transfer were correlated with exhaust NOx to quantify the role of radiative heat transfer on in-cylinder temperatures and NOx formation. The engine was operated at low-load conditions, for which the premixed burn was a significant fraction of the total heat release. Soot thermometry showed that radiative cooling reduced flame temperatures by 25-50 K for early SOI, reducing exhaust NOx by 12-25%. Near the NOx bump, radiative cooling was essentially absent, and the NOx reduction was thus removed. Radiative cooling alone, however, was found to be insufficient to be solely responsible for the observed changes in NOx emissions. Thermodynamic analysis showed that in the slow-mixing limit, compression-heating of burned gases for the large premixed-burn conditions near the NOx bump can also increase temperatures by about 25 K, for a further 12% increase in NOx. The data also shows that these two factors can contribute to other exhaust NO observations, such as the intake temperature optimum for minimizing NOx emissions. Finally, although it was not directly measured, the rate of post-flame mixing was identified and examined as a third primary factor affecting in-cylinder temperatures and NOx formation in diesel engines.
CTFS: a new lightweight, cooperative temporary file system for cluster-based Web servers

Previous studies showed that I/O could become a major performance bottleneck in cluster-based Web servers. Adopting a large I/O buffer cache on separate server nodes is not a good performance-cost scheme and sometime infeasible because of the high price and poor reliability. Current native file systems do not work well for the poor performance. Specialized file systems suffer a poor portability problem. In this paper, we present a new light-weight, cooperative temporary file system (called CTFS) to boost I/O performance for cluster-based Web servers. CTFS has the following advantages: (a) consists of a peer-to-peer cooperative caching system using user-level communication technique to eliminate repeated file requests and conduct aggressive remote prefetch; (b) runs in the user space to achieve a good portability; and (c) organizes a group of files with good associated access locality together to form a cluster unit on disk and thereby providing a sustained high I/O performance without degradation. Comprehensive trace-driven simulation experiments show that CTFS achieves up to a 37% better entire system throughput and reduces up to 47% total disk I/O latency than those in asynchronous FFS for a 64 node cluster-based Web server.
Development Status Of Silicon IR detectors

The present performance status of silicon IR detectors, including spectral response, detectivity and operational temperature for use in the 2-2.5, 3-5 and 8-14 pm principal windows of the atmosphere, are summarized and discussed. In general, all of the detectors are background radiation noise limited below some temperature which is a function of the background flux density. This temperature is tabulated for the detectors for a background provided by a 30° field of view of the 300K background. These temperatures are in general lower than required for equivalent intrinsic detectors, but the special properties of silicon when they are mated to CCDs, particularly for the longer wavelengths, including the electrical impedance and the character of the noise may offset the temperature advantage of the intrinsics when used in imaging arrays.
DECISION TREE FOR ADJUVANT RIGHT VENTRICULAR SUPPORT IN PATIENTS RECEIVING A LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE

Background Right ventricular (RV) failure is a significant complication after implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). It is therefore important to identify patients at risk a priori. However, prognostic models derived from multivariate analyses have had limited predictive power. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the records of 183 LVAD recipients between May 1996 and October 2009; of these, 27 later required a RVAD (RVAD + ) and 156 remained on LVAD only (RVAD − ) until transplant or death. A decision tree model was constructed to represent combinatorial non-linear relationships of the pre-operative data that are predictive of the need for RVAD support. Results An optimal set of 8 pre-operative variables were identified: transpulmonary gradient, age, right atrial pressure, international normalized ratio, heart rate, white blood cell count, alanine aminotransferase, and the number of inotropic agents. The resultant decision tree, which consisted of 28 branches and 15 leaves, identified RVAD + patients with 85% sensitivity, RVAD − patients with 83% specificity, and exhibited an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87. Conclusions The decision tree model developed in this study exhibited several advantages compared with existing risk scores. Quantitatively, it provided improved prognosis of RV support by encoding the non-linear, synergic interactions among pre-operative variables. Because of its intuitive structure, it more closely mimics clinical reasoning and therefore can be more readily interpreted. Further development with additional multicenter, longitudinal data may provide a valuable prognostic tool for triage of LVAD therapy and, potentially, improve outcomes.
Estimation of the Aerosol Phase Function in Backscatter from Simultaneous Satellite and Sun-Photometer Measurements

Abstract The backscatter part of the aerosol phase function PA(χ), where χ is the scattering angle, is difficult to measure from the ground. Experimental data for χ > 120° are not reported in the literature. Customarily, PA(χ) is calculated from Mie theory using an aerosol size distribution either prescribed or estimated by inversion of spectral or almucantar/aureole measurements. These results clearly require validation using direct measurements. In this paper, an empirical phase function of atmospheric aerosol over the ocean is estimated in backscatter (χ > 130°) from coincident measurements of upward radiance in channel 1 (0.63 μm) of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellites and sun-photometer aerosol optical thickness, δASP. This study uses 31 sun-photometer measurements, collected during two oceanic cruises over the North Atlantic in 1989 and 1991. The accuracies of both satellite radiances and sun-photometer δASP are wel...
Dynorphin selectively augments the M-current in hippocampal CA1 neurons by an opiate receptor mechanism.

Most electrophysiological studies of opioids on hippocampal principal neurons have found indirect actions, usually through interneurons. However, our laboratory recently found reciprocal alteration...
Bringing Technology to School: An Online Resource Guide for the School Social Worker

SUMMARY The Internet can assist social workers and other human service professionals to obtain information that may potentially benefit both themselves and their clients. There is little doubt among those who are familiar with the Internet that this electronic medium has revolutionized the way we communicate and access knowledge. This article provides school social workers and other human service professionals with links to resources that can be incorporated into practice by offering specific Web pages related to school social work practice.
Performance: Excellence: Jump Heading in Soccer: Increase Power & Distance

(1994). Performance: Excellence: Jump Heading in Soccer: Increase Power & Distance. Strategies: Vol. 7, No. 7, pp. 19-22.
Some Chemical Components of Drosophila Melanogaster Egg Shell. II. Amino Sugars and Elements

Glucosamine constitutes at least 0.6 percent of the Drosophila egg shell. Spectrographic analysis shows the presence of 18 elements. Calcium is most abundant, followed by sodium, phosphorus and iron. Magnesium, silicon, copper, aluminum, and barium come next while boron, nickel, tin, manganese, lead, strontium, zinc, and chromium are weakly indicated.
Disaster Governance in Small Urban Places: Issues, Trends, and Concerns

A growing number of scholars have heeded calls for an urban research agenda grounded partly in the experiences of small urban places. This chapter makes a similar appeal to disaster researchers who have developed frameworks for thinking about urban disasters based largely on the experiences of larger cities. Disaster risk is also growing rapidly in small urban places, far from centres of trade, culture, and politics. Governing disaster risk in small cities will be an essential part of managing Asia’s urban transition. I identify four unique characteristics of small cities important for disaster risk management. First, small cities are physically, politically, and culturally distant from capitals and other centres of power and influence. Second, small cities accumulate disaster risk in similar ways to larger urban centres, but without the attendant growth in infrastructure or governance capacity. Third, urbanization in smaller cities outpaces environmental learning. That is, the centres of environmental “memory” that are key to long-term risk governance may be absent. Finally, small cities often lack the redundancy that is the hallmark of resilient urban systems. I illustrate my arguments with evidence from three landslide-prone small cities in West Bengal, India. I conclude that more research is needed to understand what the growth of small cities means for disaster risk in rapidly urbanizing countries like India. Our conventional approaches to urban disaster risk management may be ineffective in smaller cities. The concept of disaster governance holds promise, however, because of its inclusion of a wider set of actors and institutions.
Pressure pulse-decay tests in a dual-continuum medium: Late-time behavior

Abstract The pressure pulse-decay test has been one of the most widely used techniques to measure permeability for low-permeability rocks including shale, largely because relatively simple analytical solutions to fluid flow in a rock sample (characterized as a single continuum) exist for analyzing late-time test data. This work develops a new analytical solution for analyzing late-time pulse-decay test data for dual-continuum rock samples, motivated by the possibility that shale matrix (not including fractures) may exhibit dual- or multiple-continuum gas-flow behavior owing to its wide spread pore size distributions and property differences between organic and inorganic components of the shale matrix. This issue has important implications for characterizing and modeling gas flow in shale, because a dual-continuum medium involves more flow parameters and requires more complex modeling approaches than a single-continuum medium. Our new analytical solution shows that the relationship between gas pressure measurements from a pulse-decay test and permeability remains the same for both single- and dual-continuum systems, suggesting that shale-matrix permeability data in the literature, previously obtained from pulse-decay tests, are valid although the corresponding shale samples ought to be treated as dual-continuum instead of a single continuum system. In addition, our analytical solution relates mass transfer (between the two continua) to pressure change during late-time of a test. This relationship, with a clear and intuitive physical interpretation rooted in the mass balance principle, provides a simple and practical analysis technique to identify dual-continuum behavior from pulse-decay test data and to estimate mass transfer coefficient between the two continua if the dual-continuum behavior exists. The usefulness of the analytical solution is demonstrated by satisfactory matches with several pulse-decay test data sets. The data analysis results also indicate that not all shale samples exhibit dual-continuum gas-flow behavior regardless of their make-up and complex pore structures.
An exploration of the effects of language policy in education in a contemporary Puerto Rican society

During the Spanish regimen, Puerto Rican education was limited and restricted to Spanish language as the medium of instruction. It was not until the U.S. colonization of the island that public education was introduced. As a result, English replaced Spanish as medium of instruction in the new educational system. Immediately after, Puerto Rican elitists and politicians ignited a political movement against using English (Algren de Gutierrez, 1987), resulting in a language battle fought through a series of educational language policies. In the end, policymakers enacted a language policy that reinstated Spanish as the official language of Puerto Rico’s education system. Consequently, policymakers also strengthened the use of Spanish instruction in Puerto Rican schools and universities while English was taught as a subject through all grade levels (Canino, 1981). Thus, this policy secured the island’s status as a “monolingual Spanish speaking society”. In addition, the enactment of this language policy also legitimized English as a de jure second official language, with the possibility of recognizing Puerto Rico as a “bilingual speaking society”. This paper discusses the impact of these language policies on the use of Spanish and English in education and presents a case study of Guaynabo City to exemplify the effects of these language policies on a contemporary Puerto Rican society and its acceptance of or resistance to becoming an English-speaking society.
Fabrication of Terahertz Components Using 3D Printed Templates

A new fabrication process for passive terahertz components is introduced. Molds are 3D printed on a commercially available 3D printer using rigid opaque material Vero White. An injection molding machine is used to melt low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethelene (HDPE) pellets to fill the molds. Sample components are designed in ANSYS HFSS and fabricated using the new process including a set of lenses, various dielectric ridge waveguides, a photonic crystal filter, and probes. Samples are then measured using a frequency domain terahertz system and compared to their expected performance from simulation.
A H.P. 8409-B Based Power Sensor Calibration System

Accurate manual calibration of RF/microwave power sensors (Thermistor, Thermoelectric and Diode Bridge mounts) is quite complex. The complete calibration process requires the measurement of both the complex impedance and Effective Efficiency of the device under test. The Calibration Factor and Statement of Uncertainties are calculated. The entire procedure can be streamlined by using computers to reduce data and to produce the Report of Calibration. Precision manual measurements at twenty-four frequency points (50 MHz to 18 GHz) usually take about six man-hours to complete. This paper describes an automated system that will produce comparable results in approximately twenty minutes. The system combines the Hewlett-Packard 8409-B Vector Automated Network Analyzer and the Hewlett-Packard 436A-E10 Power Sensor Calibration System. The resulting system is more than just a simple combination. The system is currently used to calibrate a wide variety of thermistor, thermoelectric and diode bridge mounts manufactured by Hewlett-Packard, Wavetek and Boonton Electric. The list can be easily expanded to include other such devices. The system operates from 50 MHz to 18 GHz with a crossover point at 2 GHz.
ETHICAL CLIMATE AND RULE BENDING: HOW ORGANIZATIONAL NORMS CONTRIBUTE TO UNINTENDED RULE CONSEQUENCES

Rules help ensure consistent employee behaviour, yet rule bending occurs in public organizations every day. Previous research indicates that rule bending is influenced by organizational structure and personal characteristics (DeHart-Davis 2007). This present study considers the influence of organizational norms on rule bending by exploring the impact of ethical climate, which signals to employees the best course of action when faced with situations that are ethical in nature (Victor and Cullen 1987, 1988). To investigate this relationship, survey data from employees of a large American local government are analysed. Results from a structural equation model show that three ethical climates – ‘organization interest’, ‘team interest’, and ‘rules/SOP’ – significantly influence rule bending. Findings suggest that organizational norms play a critical role for employee behaviour and public managers can consider rule bending and ethical climate as impetuses for organizational change.
Social Entrepreneurs' Rhetorical Strategies

Social entrepreneurs seek to address normative inefficiencies by fostering broad scale change in industry practices. Rhetoric provides such entrepreneurs with a powerful instrument to overcome resi...
Influence of iron metabolism on manganese transport and toxicity

Although manganese (Mn) is critical for the proper functioning of various metabolic enzymes and cofactors, excess Mn in the brain causes neurotoxicity. While the exact transport mechanism of Mn has not been fully understood, several importers and exporters for Mn have been identified over the past decade. In addition to Mn-specific transporters, it has been demonstrated that iron transporters can mediate Mn transport in the brain and peripheral tissues. However, while the expression of iron transporters is regulated by body iron stores, whether or not disorders of iron metabolism modify Mn homeostasis has not been systematically discussed. The present review will provide an update on the role of altered iron status in the transport and toxicity of Mn.
Article 58 and Precautions against the Effects of Attacks in Urban Areas

The conduct of hostilities in urban areas is inherently difficult, particularly with respect to the protection of civilians. International Humanitarian Law places restraints on both attackers and defenders. While much is written about the obligations of attackers with respect to protecting civilians, much less attention has been paid to the defender’s obligations. These obligations, routinely referred to a “passive precautions” or “Precautions Against the Effects of Attacks” and are codified in Article 58 of Additional Protocol I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions (API). Article 58 requires parties, “to the maximum extent feasible,” to remove civilians and civilian objects from the vicinity of military objectives, to avoid locating military objectives within or near densely populated areas, and to take other necessary precautions to protect civilians and civilians objects from the dangers resulting from military operations. Even though they are limited by only requiring those actions which are feasible, the obligations placed on the defender are far from trivial and, if applied in good faith, would certainly provide much needed protections to civilians in armed conflict, particularly in times of urban conflict. However, this ever-increasing urbanization s is creating significant pressure on the doctrine of precautions in the defense, stretching the “feasibility” standard beyond its capacity to adequately protect civilians. On the other hand, the emergence of advancing technology provides a mechanism for defenders to more easily and more fully comply with their obligations to segregate or protect the civilian population. For the customary obligation of “precautions against the effects of attacks” to maintain its effectiveness, particularly in urban areas of conflict, the understanding of feasibility and what is “practicable” in current urbanized armed conflicts will have to expand, increasing the practical responsibilities on the defender, including through the use of modern technology. Moreover, imposing criminal responsibility when appropriate and feasible precautions are not taken will add to the doctrine’s enforceability and rectify the perceived imbalance between responsibilities of the attacker and the defender.
Testing Moderately Parallel Environments for an Ocean Modeling Application

Due to the high costs of accessing massively parallel and vector environments, as well as the overworking of high-performance computers, there is now a need for a different approach to parallel computing. The feasibility of ocean modeling in a moderately parallel environment is tested using a 2-D (vertically-integrated) ocean circulation model. The parallel algorithm is based on the Glenda message-passing software and follows the master-worker paradigm. It is evaluated on both internal and external communication environments. The numerical experiments show that the internal communication environment is only slightly more efficient than the external communication environment. This is due to a combination of shared memory problems in the internal communication environment and to inefficiencies in the message-passing software. The tests also demonstrate how efficiency depends on the domain sub-divisions. Most importantly, they show that both environments effectively outperform their sequential counterparts, reducing the program elapsed time, and offering quicker access to the model outputs. The parallel version provided a time-saving alternative to the sequential version of the same model on both internal and external communication platforms. This research supports the conclusion that both environments are a viable alternative to single-CPU machines and that moderately parallel environments are feasible computer platforms for ocean modeling applications.
Neurologic and cranial manifestations of Erdheim-Chester disease (P2.390)

Objective: To describe the neuroradiologic features of a cohort of patients with Erdheim-Chester disease. Background: Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare non-Langerhan cell histiocytosis that is diagnosed based on histopathology demonstrating CD68+, CD1a− foamy histiocyte infiltration associated with fibrosis. Design/Methods: We used our institution’s medical record diagnostic linkage system to identify all patients assessed at Mayo Clinic Rochester from January 1, 1990, through July 31, 2016, who had pathologically confirmed diagnosis of Erdheim-Chester disease. Data was abstracted by retrospective chart review. Results: Erdheim-Chester disease was identified in 51 cases, with 38 having neuroimaging, including CT head (n=17), MRI head (n=36) and MRI spine (n=14). Among those with imaging, average age at diagnosis was 55 years. Male to female ratio was 22:16. Median duration of follow-up was 3 years (range 0–17 years) with 10 patients confirmed deceased. Radiographic central nervous system involvement occurred in the brainstem (9/38), cerebellum (7/38), dura (5/38), infundibulum (14/38), spinal cord (2/14) and spinal epidural (1/14) locations. Orbital disease occurred in 12 cases (32%), with intraconal (7), extraconal (2), extraocular muscle (1), and globe (3) involvement. Radiographic sinusitis occurred in 24 cases (63%). Diagnostic tissue was obtained from brain parenchyma/dura (4), orbital (8), abdominal (3), retroperitoneal (6), thoracic (8), bone (12), and other (5) tissue. Among 24 patients tested, 50% were positive for the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene. Conclusions: CNS and cranial manifestations are an important component of Erdheim-Chester disease. We suggest that all patients suspected of Erdheim-Chester disease have MRI brain and entire spinal to clarify the extent of disease. Disclosure: Dr. Parks has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goyal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Go has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tobin has nothing to disclose.