cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expansile cribriform Gleason pattern 4 has histopathologic and molecular features of aggressiveness and greater risk of biochemical failure compared to glomerulation Gleason pattern 4.

Background Molecular testing of prostate cancer biopsies with Gleason pattern 4 suggests the expansile cribriform pattern is more aggressive than the glomerulation pattern. These two extreme patterns have not been compared at prostatectomy. We hypothesized that at prostatectomy the expansile cribriform pattern would be associated with histopathologic and molecular features of aggressiveness and with greater risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) than the glomerulation pattern. Methods In a retrospective cohort study, radical prostatectomy reports with expansile cribriform pattern or glomerulation pattern were analyzed for percentage of total pattern 4, extraprostatic extension (EPE), positive lymph nodes, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), and intraductal carcinoma (IDC). Cases with pattern 5 or with both expansile cribriform and glomerulations patterns present were excluded. The electronic medical record was reviewed for BCR-free survival and for Decipher test results. Results Of 1020 radical prostatectomies from July 2015 to July 2018, 110 (11%) had either expansile cribriform or glomerulation pattern present. The expansile cribriform group was associated with more histopathologic features of aggressiveness, with higher average total percentage pattern 4 (43.7 vs 27.0, P = .002), a trend of greater extensive EPE (32.7% vs 17.2%, P = .06), a trend toward statistical significance of higher rate of SVI (11.5% vs 3.4%, P = .1), greater positive lymph nodes (9.6% vs 0%, P = .02), and a higher percentage of cases with or suspicious for IDC (23.1% vs 8.6%, P = .04). The risk of BCR was 4.4 (1.3-15.4) fold greater for the expansile cribriform group vs the glomerulations group (P = .02). For the 38 patients who underwent Decipher testing, the expansile cribriform group had a high-risk assay category mean score whereas the glomerulations group had an average risk assay category mean score (0.61 vs 0.47, P = .02). Conclusions In a comparison of prostatectomy cases with expansile cribriform pattern to those with glomerulation pattern, the expansile cribriform pattern was associated with more histopathologic features of aggressiveness, greater risk of biochemical failure, and higher scores with a molecular classifier (Decipher) test. These findings underscore the importance of reporting the types of pattern 4 and supports the argument that men with expansile cribriform likely require more aggressive management.
Lower-limb venous distension reflex and orthostatic tolerance in young healthy humans.

Earlier reports suggest that limb venous distension evokes reflex increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and blood pressure (BP) (i.e., venous distension reflex). Our recent report a...
Predictors of Progression-Free Survival and Local Tumor Control after Percutaneous Thermal Ablation of Oligometastatic Breast Cancer: Retrospective Study.

Abstract Purpose To describe ablation of bone, liver, lung, and soft tissue tumors from oligometastatic breast cancer and to define predictors of local progression and progression-free survival (PFS). Materials and Methods A total of 33 women (mean age 52 ± 12 years old; range, 28–69 years), underwent 46 thermal ablations of liver (n = 35), lung (n = 7), and bone/soft tissue (n = 4) metastases. Mean tumor diameter was 18 ± 15 mm (range, 6–50 mm). Ablations were performed to eradicate all evident sites of disease (n = 24) or to control growing sites in the setting of other stable or responding sites of disease (n = 22). Patient characteristics, ablation margins, imaging responses, and cases of PFS were assessed. Follow-up imaging was performed using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, or positron-emission tomography/ CT. Results Median PFS was 10 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.2 –14.5 months), and time to local progression was 11 months (95% CI, 5–16 months). Eight patients (24%) maintained no evidence of disease during a median follow-up period of 39 months. Ablation margin ≥5 mm was associated with no local tumor progression. Longer PFS was noted in estrogen receptor-positive patients (12 vs 4 months; P = .037) and younger patients (12 vs 4 months; P = .039) treated to eradicate all sites of disease (13 vs 5 months; P = .05). Eighteen patients (55%) developed new metastases during study follow-up. Conclusions Thermal ablation of oligometastatic pulmonary, hepatic, bone, and soft tissue tumors can eliminate local tumor progression if margins are ≥5 mm. Longer PFS was observed in patients who were estrogen receptor-positive and patients who were younger and in whom all sites of disease were eradicated.
Abstract 2979: The effect of interferon gamma on melanoma progression under MAPK inhibitor therapy

About half of metastatic cutaneous melanoma harbor a mutation in the BRAF protein, causing constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway. Currently, patients with such mutation are treated with MAPK pathway inhibitors (MAPKi) targeting the mutant BRAF and its downstream MEK proteins. However, within a span of 6-12 months, these patients will relapse, and their tumors will acquire resistance to this treatment. In this project, we aim to understand the role of IFN gamma (IFNg) to help us determine if the resistance phenotype differs between cells exposed with MAPKi alone versus cells treated with MAPKi and IFNg. Previous literature has reported on the development of a dedifferentiated resistance phenotype which was characterized by a downregulation of MITF and an upregulation of AXL proteins. However, the patient-derived transcriptomic data comparing paired tumors pre- and post-MAPKi therapy did not show such changes in MITF or AXL levels. We posit that the discrepancy may be because most of the earlier studies on MAPKi resistance were done in vitro or immune-suppressed in vivo models. Melanoma biopsies from patients responding to MAPKi treatment showed a substantial increase in the tumor-infiltrating T cell and other immune cells. One of the most dominant immune factors produced by the T cells is the interferon gamma (IFNg). Intriguingly, our data show that IFNg, in the presence of MAPKi, can suppress the dedifferentiation switch that is induced by MAPKi-alone. Specifically, through serial western blots, we discovered that MAPKi and IFNg reduced the previously reported AXL upregulation and MITF downregulation in four different mutant BRAF melanoma lines. RNA sequencing from the same time points revealed that melanoma treated with MAPKi and IFNg upregulate IFN-stimulated genes that are typically expressed by immune cells; this leads us to believe that some novel transcriptomic programs have been activated by the combination of MAPKi and IFNg. By solely examining one immune factor, IFNg, we discovered one potential explanation for the discrepancy in the prevalence of MAPKi-induced dedifferentiation phenotype in the patient-derived melanoma samples. We are in the midst of performing drug screening experiments on MAPKi and IFNg-resistant melanoma lines in order to discover novel therapeutic vulnerabilities that were not observed with MAPKi-alone. Finally, by taking into account the secreted factors in the tumor microenvironment, our study can provide a more accurate depiction of MAPKi resistance evolution in mutant BRAF melanoma patients. Citation Format: Kevin Chen, Rachel McMillan, Mona Chatrizeh, Willy Hugo. The effect of interferon gamma on melanoma progression under MAPK inhibitor therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2979.
Nonlinear Cosmological Structure Formation

I present a general discussion of the evolution and model-dependence of both the linear and nonlinear power spectrum of density fluctuations. The features of the linear power spectrum in cosmological models with cold dark matter (CDM) and cold+hot dark matter (C+HDM) are reviewed, and useful analytical approximations are summarized. Cosmological numerical simulation results are then used to illustrate the process of nonlinear gravitational clustering and to compute the nonlinear power spectrum. An analytical approximation relating the linear and nonlinear power spectrum in C+HDM models is presented.
Optimal Regulation of Postural Movements in a Biomechanical Model with Feedback Latencies

Maintaining balance during quiet standing is a challenging task for the neural control mechanisms due to the inherent instabilities involved in the task. Researchers have often used inverted-pendulum (IP) models to investigate control of postural balance. In this study, we develop an optimal control model for regulation of postural movements. The model includes an IP representation of standing human in the sagittal plane. A hill-type muscle model with anatomic parameters is used to generate stabilizing ankle moments. The regulation of postural movements involves proprioceptive feedback from the muscle spindle (MS) and golgi tendon organ (GTO). The sensory elements with physiological latencies are included in the neuromechanical model. Neural activation commands are generated by a PID controller that is optimally tuned using linear quadratic regulator (LQR) design. Computer simulations are used to judge the efficacy of the controller to impart postural stability to the delay model for regulating postural adjustments.
Cytotoxicity of Cultured Canine Primary Hepatocytes Exposed to Itraconazole Is Decreased by Pre-treatment With Glutathione

Objective: To identify the effect of glutathione (GSH) on cell survival in a novel in vitro model of itraconazole (ITZ)-associated hepatotoxicity using canine primary hepatocytes. Sample: Commercially sourced, cryopreserved male dog (Beagle) primary hepatocytes from a single donor. Procedures: Using a sandwich culture technique, canine primary hepatocytes were exposed to serial dilutions of ITZ. Calcein AM, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and neutral red were investigated as potential cell viability assays. Hepatocytes were then pre-incubated with GSH, exposed to serial dilutions of ITZ, and cell viability determined at 4 and 24 h post-ITZ exposure. Each condition was performed in technical triplicate and the effect of time, GSH concentration, and ITZ concentration on % cytotoxicity assessed using a multivariate linear regression model. Tukey's post-hoc test was used to detect individual differences. Results: The neutral red cell cytotoxicity assay was chosen based on its superior ability to detect dose-dependent changes in viability. Hepatocyte cytotoxicity significantly increased with ITZ concentration (P < 0.001) and time (P = 0.004) and significantly decreased with GSH treatment (P < 0.001). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: This in vitro model demonstrates dose- and time-dependent ITZ-induced cytotoxicity, which is similar to clinical changes observed in canine patients and in in vivo rodent studies. Pre-treating with GSH is protective against in vitro cell death. These results suggest that GSH precursors may have a role in the management or prevention of ITZ-associated hepatotoxicity in dogs. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate their utility for this adverse drug reaction.
Journalism Civic Self-Efficacy: Predicting Political Participation Among Secondary-School Journalism Students

This study builds on the communication mediation model of political socialization and self-efficacy research, and focuses on journalism civic self-efficacy, an individual’s confidence in using jour...
Origins of Possession: Owning and Sharing in Development

Introduction: making sense of human possession Part I. Psychology: Principles of Human Possession: 1. Experiencing possession 2. Claiming ownership 3. Possession and ownership transfer 4. Symbolic spinoffs of possession Part II. Development: Human Ontogeny of Possession: 5. First possession 6. Ownership in development 7. Sharing in development Part III. Culture: Human Possession in Context: 8. Culture and possession 9. Possession in children across cultures Conclusion: great transformation.
Dielectronic Recombination Measurements using the Electron Beam Ion Trap

We have measured the dielectronic recombination cross-sections for a variety of highly charged ions using the Electron Beam Ion Trap at Livermore. This device is ideal for the study of electron-ion interactions, and most of these processes can be observed simultaneously. We have recently begun using a high-resolution spectrometer that provides state-selective data resolving individual resonances. Generally, the agreement between our data and theory has been good.
USING EXPRESSION GENETICS TO STUDY THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF ETHANOL AND ALCOHOLISM

Recent simultaneous progress in human and animal model genetics and the advent of microarray whole genome expression profiling have produced prodigious data sets on genetic loci, potential candidate genes, and differential gene expression related to alcoholism and ethanol behaviors. Validated target genes or gene networks functioning in alcoholism are still of meager proportions. Genetical genomics, which combines genetic analysis of both traditional phenotypes and whole genome expression data, offers a potential methodology for characterizing brain gene networks functioning in alcoholism. This chapter will describe concepts, approaches, and recent findings in the field of genetical genomics as it applies to alcohol research.
If You Don’t Know Me by Now: The Failure of Care in “Bartleby, The Scrivener”

"Bartleby, the Scrivener" is one of the most haunting tales of the nineteenth century. Criticism has centered on analysis of both the narrator and Bartleby himself, taking up the question of whether or not the narrator ultimately fulfills his moral obligations to Bartleby. I believe an approach to the story, however, which takes as its starting point a critique of the medical model of disability helps elucidate this issue. This approach makes it clear that given his situation in a world which values a medically inspired model of understanding difference, the narrator, benevolent as he may be, can never do enough for Bartleby, because, given this situation, he can never ask the right questions of Bartleby or posit appropriate solutions for him. I conclude my argument with a consideration of critical complicity in this issue as critics attempt to classify Bartleby, thereby following in the narrator's misguided footsteps.
The TOL (pWW0) catabolic plasmid.

Because it is the best-characterized example of a TOL plasmid, a detailed review of the physical nature of pWW0, its catabolic enzymes, and genetic structure is provided to develop a fundamental understanding of the molecular biology of catabolic plasmids. In addition, a current model for regulation of gene expression is presented, demonstrating the versatility and complexity that is associated with this plasmid as well as the potential complexity of other plasmid-encoded catabolic systems
Differential effects of selective and non-selective muscarinic antagonists on gastrointestinal transit and bowel function in healthy women.

Background The gastrointestinal effects of antimuscarinic drugs used to treat overactive bladder may be related to the selectivity of these agents for M3-muscarinic receptor subtypes. We compared the effects of non-selective (fesoterodine) and M3-selective (solifenacin) antimuscarinics on gastrointestinal transit in healthy women. Methods Gastric emptying (GE), small-intestinal transit (colonic filling at 6 h), colonic transit [geometric center at 24 h (GC24; primary endpoint) and 48 h (GC48)], and bowel habits were assessed by scintigraphy and bowel diaries before and after randomization to fesoterodine 8 mg, solifenacin 10 mg, or placebo (2 : 2 : 1) for 14 days. An interim analysis to finalize sample size was conducted. Key Results After 60 subjects [placebo (n = 12), fesoterodine (n = 25), solifenacin (n = 23)] completed the study, the study was terminated due to a prespecified criterion (sample size ≥452.5 needed to provide ≥80% power to demonstrate superiority of fesoterodine over solifenacin in GC24). Compared with baseline, (i) placebo delayed small-intestinal, but not colonic, transit, (ii) fesoterodine significantly increased GE t1/2vs placebo (17.0 min; P = 0.027), and (iii) fesoterodine and solifenacin delayed small-intestinal (−36.8% and −21.8%, respectively, P 0.05 vs placebo). Solifenacin increased stool hardness from baseline (P = 0.010 for difference vs fesoterodine); stool frequency was comparable. Conclusions & Inferences In healthy women, fesoterodine had greater effects on small-intestinal transit and solifenacin had greater effects on colonic transit; the latter finding may explain why solifenacin, but not fesoterodine, increased stool hardness. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00892034).
Water Defluoridation with Activated Alumina

Adsorption of fluoride ion from aqueous solution by activated alumina was carried out in six 2-l reactors under different pH values and ratios of initial fluoride ion to activated alumina. The results of the present study indicate that for optimum removal of fluoride ion the system pH should be maintained at pH5. Also, at the optimum pH condition, the rate of fluoride adsorption onto activated alumina increases as the ratio of fluoride ion concentration to activated alumina dosage decreases. However, no remarkable change in adsorption rate constant was found when the ratio indicated previously exceeded 10\u-² mg/mg of fluoride ion of activated alumina. Fluoride ion adsorption could be modeled by the Langmuir Isotherm.
Low cost, multi-kilohertz pulse generator for non-equilibrium plasma-based air purification

A low cost and compact pulsed power supply was developed to drive a sliding discharge-based plasma reactor with >15 kV pulsed voltages at repetition rates of multi-kilohertz. In the first stage of the pulsed power generation, a small DC voltage (e.g. 12 V) was converted to 2.5 kV AC at 50 kHz using a commercially available oscillator circuit, followed with an AC-DC conversion into ∼18 kV DC using a four-stage Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier. The second stage of the pulse formation of ∼18 kV pulses with a ∼20 ns rise time was achieved using a spark gap-switched, self-regulated capacitive discharging circuit. A sliding discharge reactor was powered with the high voltage pulses with varying pulse repetition rates and pulse voltages. Up to 4 kHz of the pulse repetition rate was tested for the sliding discharge reactor at an average power of 3 W. The ozone production by the compact plasma system as a function of voltage, pulse repetition rate, and gas flow rate is discussed. Utility of the device as plasma chemical reactor was demonstrated with the help of an example of ozone synthesis form air.
The Dance Section --- Then and Now

(1943). The Dance Section --- Then and Now. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 14, No. 7, pp. 360-392.
Review of Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures by Ben C. Gerwick Jr.

This is one of the most definitive references available on marine construction. This comprehensive book covers all major aspects of the construction process for a variety of waterborne structures, including marine, offshore, coastal, riverine, and arctic engineering structures. The late Professor Gerwick has substantially revised the previous edition of his Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures book by extensively augmenting this third edition to include recent developments in these rapidly expanding engineering fields. With the added chapters and improvements, the third edition becomes a necessary reference book for all marine and civil engineers and corporations involved in planning, building, and maintaining structures in water environments. This book is an authoritative guide because it addresses many aspects of the current state of practice in easily understandable style, presenting the most comprehensive treatment of the construction process for marine and offshore structures. The author starts with design factors and planning considerations and describes many issues affecting the building of different types of structures in a marine environment. In addition, the book includes chapters on construction and maintenance of coastal and inland waterway structures and pays special attention to recent advances for ice-resistant structures, dams and locks, and bridge foundations. A number of the latest developments in materials and techniques are also described in this new edition that should be of great interest to engineers in the oil and service industries, as well as marine construction planners, designers, and contractors. To retain the volume’s standing as a complete authoritative resource, the author has incorporated into this edition many changes related to techniques, tools, and materials that have found their way into marine and offshore engineering practice. Topics with expanded coverage include construction equipment, marine operations, steel and concrete offshore platforms, cables and flexible or rigid pipelines and risers, tubes tunnels , walls, piles, rubble-mound breakwaters, precast armor units in coasts, repairs and strengthening existing structures, and removal and salvage. The author also provides new information on novel technologies, methods, materials, liquefaction of loose sediments, scour and erosion, ultra-high-performance concrete, H-piles and high-performance steel, cracking and corrosion, and construction in remote areas. He presents an interesting insight to archaeological concerns and damage from sabotage and terrorism, since these are important elements of the construction process. For marine construction planners, designers, contractors, ocean, coastal, and marine engineers involved in constructing waterborne structures, this book describes effec-
Phase II trial of paclitaxel by 24-hour continuous infusion for relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: Southwest Oncology Group trial 9246.

PURPOSEThe Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) recently conducted a multiinstitutional phase II trial to determine the complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) rates, toxicities, and progression-free and overall survivals of patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) treated with a 24-hour continuous infusion of paclitaxel at a dose of 175 mg/m2.PATIENTS AND METHODSSixty-six patients with relapsed NHL who had received minimal prior therapy (one prior chemotherapy regimen for intermediate- to high-grade NHL [44 patients] or one or two prior regimens for low-grade NHL [22 patients]) were premedicated with dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, and cimetidine and then treated with continuous intravenous infusion paclitaxel over 24 hours every 21 days.RESULTSEleven of 66 patients (17%) achieved rigorously documented objective remissions, including two CRs (3%) and nine PRs (14%). In addition, another five patients (8%) achieved apparent PRs on a single computed tomographic (CT) scan. Responses were br...
Optical supervised filtering technique based on Hopfield neural network

Abstract Hopfield neural network is commonly preferred for optimization problems. In image segmentation, conventional Hopfield neural networks (HNN) are formulated as a cost-function-minimization problem to perform gray level thresholding on the image histogram or the pixels’ gray levels arranged in a one-dimensional array [R. Sammouda, N. Niki, H. Nishitani, Pattern Rec. 30 (1997) 921–927; K.S. Cheng, J.S. Lin, C.W. Mao, IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 15 (1996) 560–567; C. Chang, P. Chung, Image and Vision comp. 19 (2001) 669–678]. In this paper, a new high speed supervised filtering technique is proposed for image feature extraction and enhancement problems by modifying the conventional HNN. The essential improvement in this technique is to use 2D convolution operation instead of weight-matrix multiplication. Thereby, neural network based a new filtering technique has been obtained that is required just 3 × 3 sized filter mask matrix instead of large size weight coefficient matrix. Optical implementation of the proposed filtering technique is executed easily using the joint transform correlator. The requirement of non-negative data for optical implementation is provided by bias technique to convert the bipolar data to non-negative data. Simulation results of the proposed optical supervised filtering technique are reported for various feature extraction problems such as edge detection, corner detection, horizontal and vertical line extraction, and fingerprint enhancement.
Material and Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient Polymer Light Emitting Diodes

Polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) have great potential to compete with LCD displays that are currently used for computer and television screens. The efficiency and stability of PLEDs still need to be improved in order to fully realize the advantages of low cost and ease of fabrication provided by organic materials. Our effort in improving the PLED's performance have been focused on two parallel approaches: 1) Modify the interface between polymer and the charge‐injection electrodes for more efficient device structures; 2) Enhance the efficiency of PLEDs through the development of new conjugated materials with balanced charge‐transporting properties. In this paper, we review our recent progress on the interface engineering between polymer and electrodes to optimize charge‐injection, ‐transport, and ‐recombination in PLEDs, as well as on the material engineering to tune the emission color, electron affinity, and charge mobility.
Objects, places, and perception

In Clark (2000), Austen Clark argues convincingly that a widespread view of perception as a complicated kind of feature-extraction is incomplete. He argues that perception has another crucial representational ingredient: it must also involve the representation of "sensory individuals" that exemplify sensorily extracted features. Moreover, he contends, the best way of understanding sensory individuals takes them to be places in space surrounding the perceiver. In this paper, I'll agree with Clark's case for sensory individuals (§1). However, I shall argue against his view of sensory individuals as places (§2). Instead, I'll propose and defend an alternative account of sensory individuals that construes the latter as (visual) objects (§§3-5).
Successful management of liver abscesses in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) using corticosteroids

Liver abscesses in CGD are generally refractory to antibiotics and drainage procedures. Hepatic resection after failing medical therapy has been the accepted treatment. Recent literature has demonstrated a beneficial effect of corticosteroids in CGD. We report successful management of multiple, difficult to drain liver abscesses in a 10 year old child with CGD, using corticosteroids. There are no formal guidelines for steroid use in CGD liver abscesses in children. There was no clinical or radiological recurrence of the abscesses after discontinuation of steroids.
Internal cleavage of the human cytomegalovirus UL37 immediate-early glycoprotein and divergent trafficking of its proteolytic fragments.

The human cytomegalovirus UL37 gene encodes at least three isoforms, which share N-terminal UL37 exon 1 (UL37x1) sequences. UL37 proteins traffic dually into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and to mitochondria. Trafficking of the UL37 glycoprotein (gpUL37) in relation to its post-translational processing was investigated. gpUL37 is internally cleaved in the ER and its products traffic differentially. Its C-terminal fragment (UL37COOH) is ER-localized and N-glycosylated. Unlike conventional ER signal sequences, its N-terminal () fragment is stable and traffics to mitochondria. Inhibition of N-glycosylation did not block pUL37 cleavage and dramatically decreased the levels of but not of UL37COOH. pUL37M, which differs from gpUL37 by the lack of residues 178–262 and hence the UL37x3 consensus signal peptidase cleavage site, traffics into the ER and mitochondria, but is neither cleaved nor N-glycosylated. This finding of a relationship between ER processing and mitochondrial importation of UL37 proteins is unique for herpesvirus proteins.
Conformational flexibility of dinucleoside dimers during unwinding from the B-form to an intercalation structure

Intra-dinucleoside dimer conformational energy calculations were performed on a series of conformations corresponding to the unwinding of a dinucleoside dimer from the B-form type structure. Conformational states were characterized in terms of the distance, d, between parallel bases. All 16 possible sequences for (G) and (C) and/or (A) and (T) bases were considered. Both free space, and free space plus aqueous solvation energies were computed. It was found that the B-form like conformer is the most stable structures in free space and in an aqueous medium. However, the energy as function of d is base pair sequence dependent. This sequence dependence suggests a possible inherent specificity for intercalation of the dinucleoside dimer with a drug molecule.
RELATIONSHIP OF THE EPIDERMAL PERMEABILITY BARRIER TO IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS

Stratum Corneum: Dead or Alive Shall I compare thee to a rubber sheet Protecting man from toxins, drought, and heat, Where mortal bricks and lipid mortar meet To build a multilayered wall so neat, That with thou living membranes can't compete? Or rather-to a horny piece of meat That makes saran wrap look quite obsolete, Boosting repair as calciums deplete; That senses, signals, and controls the beat of epidermal life from head to feet? Dead or Alive, whichever be the creed, O, cornified delight, would thou indeed By either of these labels be so sweet As to keep us forever off the street? HARRY BODDE, PhD LEIDEN-AMSTERDAM CENTER FOR DRUG RESEARCH LEIDEN UNIVERSITY LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS (IN MEMORIAM)
A sensory feedback circuit coordinates muscle activity in Drosophila

Drosophila larval crawling is a simple behavior that allows us to dissect the functions of specific neurons in the intact animal and explore the roles of genes in the specification of those neurons. By inhibiting subsets of neurons in the PNS, we have found that two classes of multidendritic neurons play a major role in larval crawling. The bipolar dendrites and class I mds send a feedback signal to the CNS that keeps the contraction wave progressing quickly, allowing smooth forward movement. Genetic manipulation of the sensory neurons suggests that this feedback depends on proper dendritic morphology and axon pathfinding to appropriate synaptic target areas in the CNS. Our data suggest that coordination of muscle activity in larval crawling requires feedback from neurons acting as proprioceptors, sending a "mission accomplished" signal in response to segment contraction, and resulting in rapid relaxation of the segment and propagation of the wave.
RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT PARTICULARLY FROM THE RUSSIAN OCTOBER SERIES.

The intensive series of bomb tests fired by the USSR during October (1958) affords a unique opportunity to test whether stratospheric radioactive fall-out from injections made at polar latitudes differs appreciably in distribution or fall-out raies from that due to equatorial explosions, such as the United States and the United Kingdom have fired. The Russian October series is esifmated, on the basis of assumptions previously described, to have added aboui 12.5 to 15 megatons equivalent of fission products to the stratosphere. The previous inventory on the same basis was about 18 megatons equivalent if polar debris falls out in aboui l year instead of 5. The Russian addition amounted io a sudden increase of about I50 per ceni in the Northern Hemisphere, if one takes the previous stratospheric burden to have been uniformly distributed. The Department of Defense has teniatively concluded on the basis of data which it has collected, together with the Atomic Energy Commission's stratospheric balloon data, that the residence time for Polar shots is about one year or less and that equatorfal debris has a residence iime of about three years. The hydrogen bombs fired over Johnson Island made tritium water in large quantities in the stratospheremore » and it is to be expected if the simple uniform model for equatorial injections is correct, that the rains all over the world will show a stratospheric iritium drip as well as the stratospheric strontium-90cesium-l37 fission produci drips which have been occurring for years. But this stratospheric tritium drip probably will have had its zero time in Augusi of 1958 since earlier tropospheric firings probably added relatively less. This iritium should be useful in studying the normal hydrological cycles of the atmosphere and hydrosphere and the circulation patterns of the oceans. The Russian October shots having been fired in cold dry Polar afr may have left more in the stratosphere than other tropospheric explosions and this coupled with the shorter residence time of the Martell iheory should add appreciably to the Johnson Island tritium water fall-out in the Northern Hemisphere. (C.H.)« less
Hypercube matrix multiplication

Abstract We present a parallel divide-and-conquer matrix multiplication algorithm whose natural communication structures is the hypercube. The complexity of the algorithm is O(log n) using n3/2 processors and O(n) using O(n2) processors. We show how to use the algorithm for practical computing giving a time of O(n3/p) using a p processor hypercube. The practical algorithm maps a sub-matrix of each original matrix to each processor. The sub-matrix result in each processor is in the correct processor and form to be used in a subsequent matrix multiply without additional communication.
Seismic source mechanisms and ground motion models

Abstract A summary of the recently developed analytical models for the prediction of strong ground motions is presented in this paper. The models are classified into two groups: The first describes root mean square, peak values and Fourier spectra of ground accelerations and velocities, whereas the second develops power spectral densities, cross correlation coefficients and spatial variations of ground motions. Several source models used in the inverse problem, namely the problem of inferring source mechanisms from recorded data, are also discussed.
Polanyi and the Role of Tradition in Scientific Inquiry

A characteristic of the modern mind is a disdain for tradition. Polanyi argues that neglecting the role of tradition leads to philosophical incoherence as well as moral and political chaos. Polanyi’s postcritical philosophy represents an attempt to show how tradition plays a vital role in the process of discovery. Ultimately, a coherent account of the sciences, as well as the humanities, is only possible when tradition is acknowledged as indispensable.
The impact of routing and storage policies on warehouse efficiency

Order picking, the activity by which a number of goods are retrieved from a warehousing system to satisfy a number of customer orders, is an essential link in the supply chain and is the major cost component of warehousing. The critical issue is to simultaneously reduce the cost and increase the speed of the order picking activity. The main objectives of this paper are: evaluate various routing heuristics and an optimal routine in a volume‐based and random storage environment; compare the performance of volume‐based storage to random storage; and examine the impact of travel speed and picking rates on routing and storage policy performance. The experimental results show the solution gap between routing heuristics and optimal routing is highly dependent on the travel speed and picking rate, the storage policy, and the size of the pick list. In addition, volume‐based storage produced significant savings over random storage, but again these savings are dependent on the travel speed and picking rate.
Social isolation and gender

This study investigated the relationship between gender and social support. It was found that men were more isolated than women although there were no gender differences in perceived adequacy (i.e., satisfaction with one's social support network) or network size. Given that both the adequacy and network size variables were associated with socially desirable responding but the isolation variable was not, the results suggest that the behaviorally oriented indicator of isolation was a better measure of the degree of social isolation than traditional subjective scales currently used by many researchers. This suggests that traditional measures of social support that incorporate the dimensions of network size and perceived adequacy of one's social support system need to control for socially desirable responding and that measures can and need to be developed that are not significantly influenced by this response set bias. Hence, the assessment of social support may need to be more multifaceted than is currently undertaken in many studies. Our finding that men reported being more isolated than women may be a function, in part, of the fact that the majority of the sample (76.7%) was single/did not live with a partner. Previous research has found that men generally get their emotional needs met by their spouses/partners while women often get their emotional needs met by their female friends. Consistent with the literature, and given that most of our respondents were single, this study supports the contention that men are generally more socially isolated than women because they do not create adequate emotional intimacy when they are not in partnership with a significant other.
Kaposi's sarcoma: Report of five cases treated with radiotherapy

Five patients with Kaposi's sarcoma seen and treated at the Louisiana State University Medical Center in Shreveport from 1970 to 1984 are presented. A complete response was observed in two patients who received extended-field irradiation. Results obtained with external beam radiotherapy for this disease from other reported patients series are summarized.
Constraint guided scheduling—a short history of research at CMU

Abstract This paper describes the historical evolution of the isis/opis/cortes family of knowledge-based scheduling systems developed at Carnegie Mellon University. At the core of the isis/opis/cortes family is an approach to automatic scheduling that provides a framework for incorporating the full range of real-world constraints. Given the conflicting nature of the domain's constraints, the problem differs from typical constraint satisfaction problems. One cannot rely solely on propagation techniques to arrive at an acceptable solution, since no feasible solution may exist. Rather, constraints must be selectively relaxed in which case the problem solving strategy becomes one of finding a solution that best satisfies the constraints. Secondly, constraints on the available capacity of resources forces a scheduling system to divert its attention opportunistically between a job-centered perspective and a resource-centered perspective.
High-performance liquid chromatographic method for determining thiopental concentrations in twelve rat tissues: application to physiologic modeling of disposition of barbiturate.

Abstract A sensitive, selective and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of thiopental concentrations in twelve rat tissues was developed using thiamylal as the internal standard. Samples were homogenized in phosphate buffer, extracted into pentane and chromatographed on a microparticulate octadecyl reversed-phase column using ultraviolet detection at 290 nm. A simple digestive step with collagenase prior to homogenization facilitated analysis of thiobarbiturate in skin. Thiopental extraction recovery from fat exceeded 90%. Assay sensitivity was greater than 1 μg/ml for tissue and plasma samples as small as 50 μl. This assay has been applied to physiologic pharmacokinetic studies. The paper also presents typical concentration-time profiles of thiopental in four tissues taken from 74 rats given 20 mg/kg thiopental.
Incorporation and redistribution of arachidonic acid in diacyl and ether phospholipids of bovine aortic endothelial cells

The present experiments characterized the incorporation and redistribution of arachidonic acid in diacyl and ether phospholipids of bovine aortic endothelial cells. Confluent cultures were either continuously labeled or pulse labeled with [14C]arachidonic acid. Major lipid classes and ether-linked subclasses of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. During continuous labeling, total incorporation of arachidonic acid reached a peak at 8 h and was essentially constant up to 24 h. After 8 h, net label in total PC declined, whereas that in total PE continued to rise. In pulse labeling experiments radioactivity in diacyl PC continuously declined with concomitant increases in both diacyl- and alkenylacyl PE. The data demonstrate that transfer of arachidonic acid from diacyl PC to both diacyl- and alkenylacyl PE occurs in endothelial cells. In contrast to previous observations in platelets, transfer of arachidonic acid to alkenylacyl PE did not require agonist stimulation. This pathway may contribute to the enrichment of endothelial cell PE with arachidonic acid with the potential for subsequent metabolism to prostacyclin.
Epigenetic modulation of endogenous tumor suppressor expression in lung cancer xenografts suppresses tumorigenicity

Epigenetic changes involved in cancer development, unlike genetic changes, are reversible. DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors show antiproliferative effects in vitro, through tumor suppressor reactivation and induction of apoptosis. Such inhibitors have shown activity in the treatment of hematologic disorders but there is little data concerning their effectiveness in treatment of solid tumors. FHIT, WWOX and other tumor suppressor genes are frequently epigenetically inactivated in lung cancers. Lung cancer cell clones carrying conditional FHIT or WWOX transgenes showed significant suppression of xenograft tumor growth after induction of expression of the FHIT or WWOX transgene, suggesting that treatments to restore endogenous Fhit and Wwox expression in lung cancers would result in decreased tumorigenicity. H1299 lung cancer cells, lacking Fhit, Wwox, p16(INK4a) and Rassf1a expression due to epigenetic modifications, were used to assess efficacy of epigenetically targeted protocols in suppressing growth of lung tumors, by injection of 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (AZA) and trichostatin A (TSA) in nude mice with established H1299 tumors. High doses of intraperitoneal AZA/TSA suppressed growth of small tumors but did not affect large tumors (200 mm(3)); lower AZA doses, administered intraperitoneally or intratumorally, suppressed growth of small tumors without apparent toxicity. Responding tumors showed restoration of Fhit, Wwox, p16(INKa), Rassf1a expression, low mitotic activity, high apoptotic fraction and activation of caspase 3. These preclinical studies show the therapeutic potential of restoration of tumor suppressor expression through epigenetic modulation and the promise of re-expressed tumor suppressors as markers and effectors of the responses.
The synergistic anion-binding sites of human transferrin: Chemical and physiological effects of site-directed mutagenesis

A defining feature of all transferrins is the absolute dependence of iron binding on the concomitant binding of a synergistic anion, normally but not necessarily carbonate. Acting as a bridging ligand between iron and protein, it completes the coordination requirements of iron to lock the essential metal in its binding site. To investigate the role of the synergistic anion in the iron-binding and iron-donating properties of human transferrin, a bilobal protein with an iron binding site in each lobe, we have selectively mutated the anion-binding threonine and arginine ligands that form an essential part of the electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding network holding the synergistic anion to the protein. Preservation of either ligand is sufficient to maintain anion binding, and therefore iron binding, in the mutated lobe. Arginine is a stronger ligand than threonine, and its loss weakens carbonate and therefore iron binding, but maintains the ability of nitrilotriacetate to serve as a carbonate surrogate. Replacement of both ligands abolishes anion binding and consequently iron binding in the affected lobe. Loss of anion binding in either lobe results in a monoferric protein binding iron in normal fashion only in the opposite lobe. Both monoferric proteins are capable of transferrin receptor-dependent binding and iron donation to K562 cells, but with diminished receptor occupancy by the protein bearing iron only in the N-lobe.
Lithium and sodium insertion reactions of phosphate tungsten bronzes

Abstract Lithium insertion reactions of monophosphate tungsten bronzes, (PO 2 ) 4 (WO 3 ) 2 m and diphosphate tungsten bronzes K(P 2 O 4 ) 2 (WO 3 ) 2 m indicate that a maximum of two Li/W and one Na/W may be inserted in these materials. The phosphate tungsten bronzes are three-dimensional network structures made up of slabs of ReO 3 -type WO 6 octahedra connected by phosphate groups with large interconnected cavities. Ion-exchange reactions of selected members of K(P 2 O 4 ) 2 (WO 3 ) 2 m show that potassium which occupies the large hexagonal tunnels in the lattice may be exchanged for various alkali metal cations. Upon lithium insertion, the metallic host materials become insulating. This is attributed to the filling of the π* conduction band formed by the overlap of Wt 2g − 5d and oxygenπ − 2p orbitals.
Interactive simulation modeling of automated storage retrieval systems

Owing to the complexity and enormous cost involved in Automated Material Handling Systems, there is a growing need to use computer simulation in both the physical system and control software design of such systems. Simulation models can be developed to test not only the final system configuration, but also each installation phase. This paper describes the development of an interactive and flexible simulation software for Automated Storage/Retrieval Systems( AS/RS) of the Miniload variety. A modular approach is taken in the development of the simulation software so that the user, through an interactive capability to model an menu, has the AS/RS by selecting a combination of modules that define the AS/RS. The user then enters the values of the system variables specified for each module. This user-defined simulation model is translated into a simulation language source code and then executed.
A inteligência brasileira na virada de 1920/30: encontros e desencontros entre artistas e educadores

A ausencia de um maior numero de estudos academicos que explorem a relacao entre Literatura e Educacao constitui uma das motivacoes propositivas deste texto; isto porque, afora as metodologias de ensino da literatura, nao se tem muita coisa aproximando pedagogos e literatos. Assim, Literatura e Educacao serao consideradas pela visao alargada da Historia, refletindo sobre os problemas referentes ao pensamento educacional brasileiro e contribuindo para a compreensao critica das ideias que influiram sobre a nossa cultura. Com relacao aos personagens desta narrativa, o estudo estara centrado em dois dos mais expressivos intelectuais da epoca: Fernando de Azevedo e Mario de Andrade, cuja importância para a educacao e a literaturas nacionais dispensa maiores apresentacoes. Quanto ao periodo enfocado, conhecido em nossa historia como virada dos anos de 1920 e 1930, a opcao e justificada por se constituir numa especie de incubadora das ideias germinais da intelligentsia do pais, como se procurara evidenciar ao longo da exposicao.
Effect of insulin on growth hormone (GH) induction by cortisol in rat pituitary tumor cells.

Abstract We have studied the effect of insulin on DNA synthesis and the induction of growth hormone (GH) by cortisol in the GH 1 line of rat pituitary tumor cells. Insulin alone did not increase GH production at any concentration tested. Insulin potentiated the cortisol-induced GH synthesis at physiologic doses and pharmacologic doses, but intermediate levels of insulin were inhibitory. Thymidine incorporation showed a similar biphasic response to varying insulin concentrations.