cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Turkish Folklore and Oral Literature: Selected Essays of Ilhan Basgoz

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Ilhan Basgoz Year: 1998 Pages: iii + 383 Publisher: Indiana University Turkish Studies
Design trade-offs of a symmetric linearized CMOS LC VCO

Trade-offs in a CMOS LC symmetric VCO design with spiral inductors and bulk-tuned PMOS capacitors are presented. Source-degeneration resistors used to linearize the negative resistance generator provide additional design degrees of freedom, trading the close-in phase noise with the phase noise at large offsets. Measured tuning range around 2.15 GHz is 3.5% due to the limitation of the well resistance of the bulk-tuned capacitors. Spiral inductors with Q of 2.5 at 2 GHz limit the phase noise to -126 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset from a 2.19 GHz carrier. The VCO implemented in a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology consumes 4 mA from a 3 V supply.
Dermatology and Pruritus Ani

Perianal skin is subject to virtually all of the diseases that affect skin and mucosa. The differential diagnosis of disease in perianal skin is broad (Table 16-1) and includes a variety of diagnoses. These diseases almost never present solely within the perianal area; however, there are common diseases such as psoriasis that may present in the perianal area without obvious ties to other areas of the body unless a careful search is made. Certain diseases have specific causes and well-recognized treatment protocols (e.g., psoriasis, candida, and Bowen’s disease), other diseases have less well-defined causes and all too often where therapy is established it is poorly defined. Recognition of important treatable causes requires a disciplined, organized approach to diagnosis with careful and complete history, physical exam, and the frequent use of biopsy. This chapter’s objective is to lay out a strategy to facilitate accurate diagnosis and successful treatment of perianal and anal skin conditions.
What is Wartime

This is a short review of Mary Dudziak’s book War Time. Dudziak’s thought-provoking analysis employs a remarkable variety of material in placing the Cold War and the post-9/11 “war on terror” in a productive relationship, noting the ambiguity of both as a “wartime.” The book also, less successfully, suggests that some conventional wars, such as World War II, had the same ambiguous character. This contention is not essential to the book’s suggestive theme of the problems caused by an apparently endless state of wartime in a constitutional democracy. Nevertheless, Dudziak’s dogged effort to show that all of our pre-9/11 reality was an endless wartime sends her analysis off track. Further, her thesis of a “wartime frame,” a perspective advanced by officials to justify the expansion of government power by reassuring the public that wartime is temporary, is too broad and undifferentiated to explain the constitutional problems we experienced during the Cold War and since 9/11.
Assisting H1N1 and Ebola Outbreak Response through High Performance Networked Epidemiology

Summary form only given, as follows. The H1N1 pandemic of 2009 and the ongoing Ebola outbreak in West Africa serve as a reminder of the social, economic and health burden of infectious diseases. The ongoing trends towards urbanization, global travel, climate change and a generally older and immuno-compromised population continue to make epidemic planning and control challenging. Recent quantitative changes in high performance pervasive computing have created new opportunities for collecting, integrating, analyzing and accessing information related to large urban social systems, disease surveillance and global logistics and supply chains. The advances in network and information science that build on this new capability provide entirely new ways for reasoning and controlling epidemics. In this talk I will overview of the state of the art in computational networked epidemiology with an emphasis on computational thinking and on the development of high performance computing oriented decision-support environments for planning and response in the event of epidemics. I will describe how such systems can be used to support near real-time planning and response during the 2009 H1N1 swine flu and the recent Ebola Outbreak in West Africa. Computational challenges and directions for future research will be discussed.
Show and Tell

The classical analytic stance has been that of the blank screen, with the analyst maintaining anonymity. This article discusses the conceptual bases for this position and how these conceptual issues are undergoing modification. These changes impact upon the role of analytic anonymity and consequently upon the nature of the analyst’s self-disclosure. The article focuses on the writer’s personal experience with self-disclosure in the context of therapeutic work.
Electrophysiological properties of identified classes of lamprey spinal neurons

1. As part of a continuing analysis of the mechanisms of the central pattern generator underlying fictive swimming in lamprey, a systematic survey of electrophysiological properties of lamprey neurons was made in the in vitro spinal cord preparation with the use of intracellular current-clamp recordings. A total of 70 neurons was included in the study, representing 6 classes of spinal neurons. The classes were myotomal motoneurons, three classes of interneurons involved in fictive swimming [lateral interneurons, nerve cells with contralateral and caudal projecting axons (CC interneurons), and excitatory interneurons], and two classes of interneurons involved in sensory processes (edge cells and giant interneurons). The recordings were done in quiescent preparations. 2. There was little or no significant difference among the cell classes with regard to resting potential, threshold potential, action-potential amplitude, or action-potential duration. 3. The voltage versus current relationships for the cells were fairly linear near resting potential, although most cells showed a slight tendency to rectify with depolarization above resting potential. This tendency was strongest among edge cells and lateral interneurons and weakest among motoneurons and CC interneurons. The input resistances, membrane time constants, and rheo-bases for the cell classes showed significant differences among some classes. For example, CC interneurons and excitatory interneurons had significantly higher input resistances than the other cell classes. 4. The late afterhyperpolarization following the action potential tended to be larger in amplitude with an earlier peak and a longer duration in edge cells and giant interneurons than in the other cell classes. 5. All cells responded to depolarizing current injections by firing action potentials, and almost all cells fired action potentials throughout the 400-ms current pulse. The cells exhibited adaptation resulting in increasing interspike intervals during the current pulse. The adaptation, however, was insufficient to terminate firing before the end of the current pulse. The relationship between frequency of firing and input current was generally monotonic with a tendency to saturate at higher current levels. 6. The general conclusion from this study is that the spinal neurons that partake in fictive swimming (motoneurons, lateral interneurons, CC interneurons, and excitatory interneurons) are similar in their resting and action-potential mechanisms. Their most prominent differences are in size-related properties. The sensory-related interneurons, especially the edge cells and to some extent the giant interneurons, exhibited more pronounced differences in their resting and action-potential properties when compared with the other cell classes.
Predicting task-specific webpages for revisiting

With the increased use of the web has come a corresponding increase in information overload that users face when trying to locate specific webpages, especially as a majority of visits to webpages are revisits. While automatically created browsing history lists offer a potential low-cost solution to re-locating webpages, even short browsing sessions generate a glut of webpages that do not relate to the user's information need or have no revisit value. We address how we can better support web users who want to return to information on a webpage that they have previously visited by building more useful history lists. The paper reports on a combination technique that semi-automatically segments the webpage browsing history list into tasks, applies heuristics to remove webpages that carry no intrinsic revisit value, and uses a learning model, sensitive to individual users and tasks, that predicts which webpages are likely to be revisited again. We present results from an empirical evaluation that report the likely revisit need of users and that show that adequate overall prediction accuracy can be achieved. This approach can be used to increase utility of history lists by removing information overload to users when revisiting webpages.
Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update

After a short description of the uses of pineapple as folk medicine by the natives of the tropics, the more important new pharmaceutical applications of bromelain, reported between 1975 and 1978, are presented. Although the exact chemical structure of all active components of bromelain is not fully determined, this substance has shown distinct pharmacological promise. Its properties include: (1) interference with growth of malignant cells; (2) inhibition of platelet aggregation; (3) fibrinolytic activity; (4) anti-inflammatory action; (5) skin debridement properties. These biological functions of bromelain, a non-toxic compound, have therapeutic values in modulating: (a) tumor growth; (b) blood coagulation; (c) inflammatory changes; (d) debridement of third degree burns; (e) enhancement of absorption of drugs. The mechanism of action of bromelain affecting these varied biological effects relates in part to its modulation of the arachidonate cascade.
Relationships between sand input from rivers and the composition of sands from the beaches of Southern California

During the period from 1967 through 1972, a sampling programme was completed to determine the economic potential of heavy metals in the beach and river sands of the southern California coastal zone. These samples were employed to test the hypothesis that sand composition in a given beach cell is dominantly controlled by the provenance draining into that cell and is not strongly influenced by longshore leakage from upcurrent cells. Sample sets obtained before and after the exceptional flood of 1969 made it possible to compare the sediment supplied by normal river flow with that supplied by a major flood. Multivariate statistical analysis of the heavy mineral distribution of southern California beaches and rivers indicate that the sand composition of the two northern cells is controlled by the dominantly sedimentary Transverse Range provenance, whereas the composition of the three southern cells is controlled by the dioritic Peninsular Ranges. Some leakage occurs between the two northern cells around the Point Dume-Hueneme-Mugu Canyon Zone, whereas no important southward mixing occurs between cells around the Palos Verdes-Redondo Canyon Zone. Even though the Santa Clara River flows mostly through sedimentary terrains, samples from this river strongly reflect the granodioritic source present in its headlands. Although the basic sand composition within each cell persists during major flooding, leakage between cells may increase following flooding and the compositional packages present may show evidence of greater mixing.
Monoaminergic presynaptic axons and dendrites in rat locus coeruleus seen in reconstructions of serial sections.

Locus coeruleus was studied in rats pretreated with intraventricularly administered 5-hydroxydopamine ½ to 3 hours prior to conventional aldehydeosmium fixation. Presynaptic profiles in locus coeruleus neuropil were classified according to the characteristics of their vesicle populations and other features, as in our previous report. Similar categories of endings were observed, and the sites of postsynaptic innervation were identical to those described previously, that is, a majority of synapses were made with dendrites between 0.5 and 2.5 micrometers in cross-sectional diameter, a significant proportion was seen ending onto somatic and dendritic spines, with a relative paucity of synapses made with spine-free membrane of somata and large dendritic trunks. There were no significant differences between different morphological categories of afferent terminals and their spatial distribution onto various postsynaptic targets on locus coeruleus neurons. In addition to various membrane-bound compartments of the cytoplasm, three categories of synaptic endings were labelled by the synaptic marker, while all others were unlabelled. One of these was identified previously as containing small, rounded synaptic vesicles and an unusually large number of large, dense core vesicles. The synaptic vesicles were lightly labelled with scattered, small, eccentrically placed opaque cores inside the synaptic vesicles, apparently randomly distributed throughout the terminal. This terminal is thought to be serotonergic. A second category of labelled synapse has been previously identified as that derived from small, unmyelinated axons having clusters of pleomorphic synaptic vesicles in which the vesicles are heavily labelled by 5-hydroxydopamine. These are believed to represent catecholaminergic synaptic endings derived from recurrent collaterals as well as extrinsic catecholaminergic innervation of locus coeruleus. A final category of heavily labelled profile was identified as presynaptic dendrites, which, along with recurrent catecholaminergic axon collaterals, probably play an important part in the intrinsic regulation of nucleus locus coeruleus. When 59 labelled synapses were examined in adjacent serial sections, every vesiclecontaining profile was associated with a synaptic contact having characteristic membrane specializations. A similar result was obtained when 132 other unlabelled terminals of different categories were examined in serial sections.
A Study Of Surface Particulate Contamination On The Primary Mirror Of The Hubble Space Telescope

Photographs of the Hubble Space Telescope's primary mirror after cleaning in June 1984, have been analyzed. Prior to the cleaning, approximately 2.5% of the mirror aperture area was obscured by dust. Particle sizes ranged from 25 micrometers diameter up to about 250 micrometers. These particles are what settled out on the mirror while covered in a class 10K clean room over a period of 2.5 years. After the cleaning operation, the primary mirror had no more than 0.7% of its area obscured by particles of dust. These particles are predominantly less than 50 micrometers in diameter.
A duality theorem for the automorphism group of a covariant system

In this paper we examine the covariant representation theory of a covariant system (A, G) introduced by Doplicher, Kastler and Robinson. (A is aC*-algebra andG is a locally compact group of automorphisms ofA.) We define the concept of left tensor product of two covariant representations. Loosely stated, our duality theorem says thatG is canonically isomorphic to the set of bounded operator valued maps on the set of covariant representations of the covariant system (A, G) which preserve direct sums, unitary equivalence and left tensor products. We further show that the enveloping von Neumann algebraA(A, G) of the covariant system (A, G) admits a (not necessarily injective) comultiplicationd such that (A(A, G),d) is a Hopf von Neumann algebra. The intrinsic group of this Hopf von Neumann algebra is canonically isomorphic and (strong operator topology) homeomorphic toG.
On the growth-of-waviness in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: Viscoelastic bifurcation and imperfection sensitivity

The time-dependent, local microbuckling of fibers in polymer composites is modeled in the context of viscoelasticity. The instability or growth-of-waviness-type analysis is carried out for bifurcation (initially straight fibers), as well as for imperfection sensitivity (initially wavy fibers). The concept of dominant wavelength, previously defined for viscoelastic bifurcation by Biot, is generalized for viscoelastic imperfection sensitivity. A parametric study is presented to encompass a wide range of physically useful values to study the effects of matrix properties, fiber-matrix interfacial conditions, and time-dependent loads on dominant wavelengths. A marked difference is observed between the viscoelastic bifurcation and imperfection sensitivity dominant wavelength results. The bifurcation dominant wavelength is seen to depend negligibly on matrix properties, yet highly on the applied load and the interfacial conditions. On the other hand, the imperfection sensitive dominant wavelength is strongly dependent on matrix properties, while negligibly on load and interface conditions.
Morphology of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons as a function of age and hormonal condition in the male rat.

Previous work in many laboratories has shown that luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons display a range of shapes from smooth-contoured to extremely irregular or ‘thorny’ To determine if these forms reflect or can be modified by the gonadal steroid milieu, the morphology of LHRH neurons was examined in male rats from each of four experimental groups: adult (2–3 months); aged (23 months) and adult castrate (2–3 months, castrated for 4 weeks) with or without testosterone replacement. The region studied extended from the level of the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca posteriorly through the lateral preoptic and anterior hypothalamic areas, throughout which region the majority of LHRH neurons reside. Neurons were divided into groups based on the degree of irregularity of their profiles (‘thorniness’). The total numbers of neurons did not differ among the experimental groups and smooth-countoured neurons predominated. However, there were fewer thorny LHRH neurons in the castrate animals than in the other experimental groups. LHRH neurons in the young adult and aged intact rats and testosterone-replaced animals did not differ in their morphology. These results suggest that LHRH neurons in the male rat tend to lose somatic or dendritic spines under conditions in which gonadal steroids are dramatically reduced. It also appears that the levels to which testosterone is reduced in the aged rat are not associated with a decrease in the incidence of spine-like projections on LHRH neurons.
Subtype specificity of the muscarinic receptor-stimulated GTPase response in the rat cortex.

Abstract Subtype selective agonists and antagonists were used to examine the pharmacology of the low- K m GTPase response in the rat cortex. The M 2 -selective agonist oxotremorine, which is a weak partial agonist for M 1 receptors in the brain, stimulated low K m GTPase activity with an EC 50 value of 1.0 μM. Oxotremorine was nearly a full agonist and demonstrated no partial agonist activity in the presence of optimal concentrations of the agonists carbachol or oxotremorine-M, which stimulate all muscarinic responses. These data suggest that the GTPase response is associated with M 2 receptors. Pirenzepine (M 1 -selective) and AF-DX 116 (M 2 -selective) inhibited oxotremorine-stimulated GTPase activities in cortex with IC 50 values of 4.0 and 2.2 μM, respectively. Since pirenzepine is substantially more potent than AF-DX 116 for binding muscarinic receptors in the cortex (Messer et al., J. Med. Chem., 32 (1989) 1164), M 2 receptors contribute more to the GTPase response than M 1 receptors.
Capture-Recapture Methodology: Direct and Inverse Sampling

Summary.-Capture-recapture methods can be valuable tools for psychological research; however, many textbooks on psychological methods, statistics, and samphg either do not include capture-recapture methods or present biased or inefficient estimators. In this paper, unbiased capture-recapture estimators are provided for both direct and inverse samphg without replacement. The estimation of the total size of a target population is of great importance in a variety of psychological contexts, including estimates for funding, implementation, intervention, and evaluation. An efficient approach to estimating the total size of a target population involves capture-recapture in which a random sample of subjects from a target population is selected, identified, and returned to the population. After allowing time for the identified subjects to disperse into the population, a second random sample is selected from the target population and the proportion of previously identified subjects is noted. The total number of identified subjects in the first sample, the total number of subjects in the second sample, and the number of previously identified subjects in the second sample can be used to estimate the size of the target population. First used by Laplace (1786) to determine the population of France from the number of births in selected parishes, capture-recapture methodology achieved its greatest utility in the estimation of wildhfe populations
A second auditory area in the non-cortical telencephalon of a reptile.

Abstract Injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into a caudocentral portion of the non-cortical telencephalon of Caiman known as the dorsolateral area (dorsal ventricular ridge) resulted in retrogradely labeled neurons throughout the entire extent of the ipsilateral nucleus reuniens. HRP-positive cells were most numerous in nucleus reuniens pars diffusa with only sparse labeling of neurons in nucleus reuniens pars centralis. The results of the present experiment, when compared with those of a prior study that determined the telencephalic connections of nucleus reuniens pars centralis, suggested that those two forebrain areas are separate. Staining with succinate dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase revealed that nucleus reuniens pars centralis and pars diffusa and their respective telencephalic projection areas can be differentiated on the basis of histochemical features. These findings in Caiman suggest that certain thalamic and telencephalic auditory areas in birds and crocodilians are most likely the result of common ancestry rather than examples of parallel evolution.
Secular changes in rotation and gravity: Evidence of post-glacial rebound or of changes in polar ice?

Abstract Observed linear trends in the position of the Earth's rotation axis, in the length-of-day, and in the Earth's gravity field have often been interpreted as evidence of post-glacial rebound. These observations have been used, together with dynamical models of the rebound, to provide constraints on the Earth's viscosity profile. We use results from a numerical rebound model to discuss these constraints. We also discuss the possibility that some of the observed secular effects could be due to on-going or recent changes in ice sheet volumes. For Antarctica, we conclude that the effects could easily be as large as, or larger than, the effects of post-glacial rebound.
RCA's technical excellence programs

Abstract RCA Corporation, headquartered in New York City, employs approximately 6000 engineers in its domestic and foreign operations. Most of the company 's business is hightechnology electronics applied to such diversified fields as communications, entertainment, and military defense. Rapid technological change is characteristic of RCA's business and presents a continual challenge to both engineering managers and engineers. How to maintain technical viability and defeat technical obsolescence led the company to develop a method involving engineer committees. These committees of non-supervisory engineers are delegated responsibility for developing programs that enhance the technical viability of their peers and themselves. It is a kind of bootstrap effort which has produced positive results during its six years of existence. Since there appears to be nothing about the method which is unique to any one company, it may have international applicability.
Young women's antisocial behavior and the later emotional and behavioral health of their children.

OBJECTIVES. Antisocial and criminal behavior are increasing among US youth, especially among females. Thus, questions arise concerning whether youthful female deviant behavior eventually will have negative behavioral and emotional consequences for the later children of these women. METHODS. Associations between the severity of early female antisocial behavior (including both drug-related and non-drug related offenses) and the later behavioral and emotional health of the children of these women were examined among 1425 mother-child pairs of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. RESULTS. Multiple linear regression procedures indicated a significant positive relationship between the severity of the mothers' early non-drug-related offenses and the later severity of the children's scores on the Antisocial, Hyperactive, Anxious/Depressed, Headstrong, Peer Conflict/Social Withdrawal, Immature Dependency, and Total Problem subscales of the Behavior Problem Index. CONCLUSIONS. This study demonstrated an assoc...
Novel Use of Glidescope Indirect Laryngoscopy for Insertion of a Minnesota Tube for Variceal Bleeding

Abstract Background With improvements in endoscopic and interventional radiologic therapies, insertion of gastroesophageal balloon tamponade catheters, commonly known as Sengstaken-Blakemore or Minnesota tubes, is a rarely performed procedure for esophageal or gastric variceal bleeding. In small hospitals or freestanding emergency departments, endoscopic or interventional radiology (IR) therapies might not be available, so patients with exsanguinating variceal bleeding must be stabilized or temporized for transport to larger hospitals. Occasionally, tamponade devices are necessary as a rescue therapy for failed endoscopic or IR therapies or can be used as definitive therapy in select cases. In addition to being rarely performed, there are multiple technical complications associated with blind insertion of tamponade catheters. Discussion We describe a novel use of indirect laryngoscopy using a Glidescope for assisting in placement of a Minnesota tube in 4 patients with exsanguinating esophageal bleeding. Conclusions: Insertion of a Minnesota tube for bleeding esophageal or gastric varices is an uncommon, technically challenging procedure that can be lifesaving, and is something emergency physicians, intensivists, and gastroenterologists should be capable of performing. Addition of indirect laryngoscopy may help to improve rapid, safe, and successful placement of these devices.
Menin Is Required for Optimal Processing of the MicroRNA let-7a

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1) is an inherited syndrome that includes susceptibility to pancreatic islet hyperplasia. This syndrome results from mutations in the MEN1 gene, which encodes menin protein. Menin interacts with several transcription factors, including JunD, and inhibits their activities. However, the precise mechanism by which menin suppresses gene expression is not well understood. Here, we show that menin interacts with arsenite-resistant protein 2 (ARS2), a component of the nuclear RNA CAP-binding complex that is crucial for biogenesis of certain miRNAs including let-7a. The levels of primary-let-7a (pri-let-7a) are not affected by menin; however, the levels of mature let-7a are substantially decreased upon Men1 excision. Let-7a targets, including Insr and Irs2, pro-proliferative genes that are crucial for insulin-mediated signaling, are up-regulated in Men1-excised cells. Inhibition of let-7a using anti-miRNA in wild type cells is sufficient to enhance the expression of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) to levels observed in Men1-excised cells. Depletion of menin does not affect the expression of Drosha and CBP80, but substantially impairs the processing of pri-miRNA to pre-miRNA. Ars2 knockdown decreased let-7a processing in menin-expressing cells but had little impact on let-7a levels in menin-excised cells. As IRS2 is known to mediate insulin signaling and insulin/mitogen-induced cell proliferation, these findings collectively unravel a novel mechanism whereby menin suppresses cell proliferation, at least partly by promoting the processing of certain miRNAs, including let-7a, leading to suppression of Irs2 expression and insulin signaling.
Photoemission and x-ray-absorption study of boron carbide and its surface thermal stability

We present a photoemission and x-ray-absorption study on boron carbide which identifies the spectroscopic features of this material, discussing them in connection with current structural models. A study on the surface thermal stability is also performed, revealing that despite the high melting point of boron carbide $(\ensuremath{\sim}2600\mathrm{K}),$ significant surface modifications occur in the material at about 1800 K. At this temperature the surface becomes covered with a graphite layer formed from bulk segregation of carbon, leaving boron-rich boron carbide buried beneath the graphitic surface.
Crystallization of Ribulose, 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase of High Specific Activity from Anther-Derived Haploid Plants of Nicotiana tabacum

Bhaskaran, S., Burdick, P. J. and Smith, R. H., 1987. Crystallization of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase of high specific activity from anther-derived haploid plants of Nicotiana tabacum. —J. exp. Bot. 38: 270-276.
Separation of fission products based on ionic liquids: Task-specific ionic liquids containing an aza-crown ether fragment

A new class of task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) based on the covalent attachment of imidazolium cations to a monoaza-crown ether fragment has been synthesized and characterized. The efficacy of these TSILs for the biphasic extraction of Cs(+) and Sr(2+) from aqueous solutions has been evaluated. The extraction properties of these TSILs can be influenced by the structures of the covalently attached imidazolium cations, which highlight the possibilities to enhance or tune the selectivities of crown ethers toward target ionic species through the covalent coupling with the imidazolium cations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ryanodine-affinity chromatography purifies 106 kD Ca2+ release channels from skeletal and cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum

Abstract A 106 kD protein was isolated from skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles and shown to have the properties of SR Ca2+ release channels, including blockade by 5 nM ryanodine. In view of extensive reports that the ryanodine-receptor complex consists of four 565 kD junctional feet proteins (JFPs) and is the ‘physiological’ Ca2+ release channel, we prepared ryanodine-affinity columns to isolate its receptor site(s). Conditions known to maximize the association and dissociation of ryanodine to SR proteins were respectively used to link, then elute, the receptor(s) from ryanodine-affinity columns. The method purified a protein at about 100 kD from both rabbit skeletal and canine cardiac SR vesicles. The skeletal and cardiac proteins isolated by ryanodine-affinity chromatography were identified as the low molecular weight Ca2+ release channel through their antigenic reaction with an anti-106 kD monoclonal antibody. Upon reconstitution in planar bilayers, both skeletal and cardiac proteins revealed the presence of functional SR Ca2+ release channels. Surprisingly, ryanodine-affinity columns did not retain JFPs but purified 106 kD Ca2+ release channels which are a minor component (0.1–0.3%) of SR proteins.
Metabolic assessment of a neuron-enriched fraction of rat cerebrum using high-resolution 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy

This study explored the utility of 1H and 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study a neuron-enriched preparation made from rat cerebrum. The preparation contained high concentrations of N-acetylaspartate and gamma-aminobutyric acid and low concentrations of glutamine, indicating that it was in fact rich in neuronal cytosol. This was confirmed by immunohistochemical studies with antibodies to neuronal and glial markers. A method of metabolite quantification based on the creatine signal yielded metabolite concentrations similar to those of rat cerebrum, whereas concentrations based on the metabolite/protein ratio were five times lower, suggesting that much protein in the preparation was not associated with functioning cytoplasm. The metabolic competence of the preparation was assessed by quantitative measurements of its ability to convert 1-13C-glucose into lactate, glutamate, aspartate, and other metabolites under well oxygenated conditions for 30 min. Calculated from the creatine standard, the mean glycolytic rate was the same as in a synaptosomal preparation studied under similar conditions and the same as rat cerebrum in vivo. Tricarboxylic acid cycle flux occurred at half the rate observed in the synaptosomal preparation and 16% of the basal cerebral metabolic rate in vivo.
Accounting for graded performance within a discrete search framework

This article presents a process account of some typicality effects and related similarity-dependent accuracy and response time phenomena that arise in the context of supervised concept acquisition. We describe Symbolic Concept Acquisition (SCA), a computational system that acquires and activates category prediction rules. In contrast to gradient representations, SCA performs by probing for prediction rules in a series of discrete steps. For learning new rules, it acquires general rules but then incrementally learns more specific ones. In describing SCA, we emphasize its functionality in terms of accuracy and efficiency and motivate its design within the set of symbolic mechanisms and memory structures defined by the Soar architecture (Laird, Newell & Rosenbloom, 1987). For replicating human behavior, we first show how SCA exhibits some typicality effects in the course of learning responding faster and more accurately to more typical test examples. Then, using data from human experiments, we evaluate SCA's qualitative predictions on accuracy and response time on individual dataset instances. We show how SCA's predictions correlate with human data across three experimental conditions concerning the effect of instruction on learning strategy.
Prophetic Dialogue: A Historical Perspective Bending Time in History to Rediscover the Gospel:

Prophetic dialogue becomes a historical and theological rubric that breaks down the modern categories of past, present, and future when interpreting Christian history. Prophetic dialogue suggests a...
Relation of Doppler transmitral flow patterns to functional status in congestive heart failure

We analyzed the relation of Doppler transmitral flow patterns and New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification in 60 consecutive patients with heart failure (44 men and 16 women; mean age 58 +/- 13 years) with left ventricular ejection fraction of < 40 percent. Of the study population, 40 patients with mild to moderate heart failure underwent symptom-limited exercise testing. The relation of transmitral flow pattern and exercise tolerance was also analyzed. Doppler echocardiography was performed in all patients. The patients were subdivided into nonrestrictive and restrictive groups according to the pattern. The univariate analysis showed a relation for left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.01 by analysis of variance testing) and transmitral flow pattern (p = 0.0003 by chi-squared test) with NYHA classification. When the multivariate regression analysis was performed, only the restrictive pattern by Doppler emerged as an independent determinant of the advanced NYHA class (p = 0.005). In mild to moderate congestive heart failure, patients with nonrestrictive pattern exercised significantly longer than those with the restrictive pattern by an average of 133 seconds (p = 0.003) despite comparable reductions in ejection fraction. Thus the restrictive transmitral flow pattern by Doppler is a noninvasive marker for severe symptoms and diminished exercise tolerance in heart failure patients.
Maintenance of cortical bone in human parathyroid hormone(1-84)-treated ovariectomized rats.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effects of human parathyroid hormone(1-84) (hPTH) followed by maintenance treatment with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), risedronate (Ris), or a reduced dose of hPTH (LowPTH) on cortical bone in the ovariectomized (ovx) rat. Eight groups of ovx and one group of intact female rats (3.5 months) were left untreated for 11 weeks. For the following 12 weeks, four groups received subcutaneous injections of hPTH (75 microg/kg per day on 3 days/week) and four groups received vehicle. Treatments were then changed to E(2) (10 microg/kg per day on 2 days/week), Ris (3 microg/kg per day on 3 days/week), LowPTH (25 microg/kg per day on 3 days/week), or vehicle. Bone tissue was collected at weeks -11 (baseline), 0 (ovx effect), 12 (hPTH effect), 24, 36, and 48 (maintenance effect). Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the diaphyseal femur and total cross-sectional area (Tt.Ar), marrow area (Ma.Ar), cortical area (Ct.Ar), and periosteal and endocortical bone formation of the tibia were measured. Ovariectomy resulted in lower BMD (weeks 0-48), unaffected BMC, and greater Tt.Ar (weeks 12 and 36), Ma.Ar (week 48), and Ct.Ar (weeks 0 and 12) compared with intact rats. Endocortical and periosteal bone formation were greater in the ovx than in the intact rats up to 23 weeks postovariectomy. Treatment of ovx rats with hPTH for 12 weeks resulted in greater cortical BMD, BMC, and endocortical bone formation than in intact or ovx controls. In ovx rats pretreated with hPTH and then treated with Ris for 36 weeks, BMD and BMC were greater and Ma.Ar was smaller than in ovx controls. In ovx rats pretreated with hPTH and then treated with LowPTH, BMD, BMC, Ct.Ar, and endocortical bone formation were greater and Ma.Ar was smaller than in ovx controls. Treatment of hPTH-pretreated rats with E(2) for 36 weeks did not affect cortical BMD, BMC, and Ct.Ar, although periosteal bone formation was lower in the E(2) group compared with the ovx group. Thus, in ovariectomized rats, cortical bone gained by 12 weeks of hPTH treatment was maintained for up to 36 weeks by treatment with risedronate or low-dose hPTH, but not with 17beta-estradiol.
Wave propagation in an elastic/viscoplastic hollow sphere☆

Abstract An analysis of the dynamic problem of a hollow sphere is presented. The medium is assumed elastic/viscoplastic, satisfying Mises condition, isotropic hardening and viscoplastic incompressibility. The cavity is subjected to a radially applied and continuously maintained impact load. The analysis for viscoplastic waves is based on the method of characteristics and a generalized form of Malvern's theory for strain-rate dependent materials. A bilinear shear stress-shear strain curve is considered and calculations are carried out on the IBM 7094 computer. The paper examines the influence of the important parameters governing spherical wave propagation on the response of the sphere; these parameters include the level of strain hardening, the viscosity coefficient, Poisson's ratio and the geometry of the sphere. It is shown that the degree of strain hardening has a significant effect on the amplitude of the oscillations with the period unaffected. The viscosity coefficient becomes more influential as the wall thickness of the sphere increases.
The initiation and progression of sickle cell nephropathy

renal failure might shed light on general mechanismsthat can be applied to other diseases. I will focus this dis-cussion on homozygous (SS) SCD, not on the manyvariants of this disease in which SS hemoglobin is com-bined with other hemoglobin subtypes.The major pathologies in SCD-associated renal failureare papillary necrosis (PN), focal segmental glomerulo-sclerosis (FSGS), and type 1 membranoproliferative glo-merulonephritis (MPGN) [7]. A frequent complicationof SCD, PN was documented in 15% to 40% of patientswith SCD undergoing urography to work up symptomsor urinary abnormalities, usually gross hematuria [8, 9].Moreover, the frequency of PN among asymptomaticSCD patients who systematically underwent urographywas 67% [10]. When PN is detected incidentally in SCD,it seldom is associated with a measurable decline in GFR[10], but we will look at how PN might set the stage forsubsequent renal failure in SCD. By contrast, renal biop-sies in patients [5, 7, 11, 12] and autopsy studies [13]suggest that FSGS is the most common cause of renalfailureinSCD.Moreover,clinicopathologicstudiesshowthat the early lesion of most forms of SCD nephropathyisglomerularenlargement withprogressivedevelopmentof perihilar FSGS [7, 11]. These data support FSGS asthe major cause of SCD nephropathy (Fig. 1). AlthoughMPGN in SCD is morphologically similar to the classicvariety of this disease, few cases have the characteristicimmune deposits, particularly in the early stages [7, 11].The etiology of MPGN in SCD is poorly understood,but it is not the major cause of renal failure in SCD [7].Consequently, the focus of this discussion will be onFSGS as the major cause of SCD nephropathy and onPN as the possible prodrome for the subsequent appear-ance of FSGS.
Chromosomal conditions in congenital heart disease.

Summary Chromosome studies were made in 100 patients with congenital cardiovascular disease. Twelve patients had Down's syndrome with trisomy G. Four patients had Turner's syndrome with karyotype 45/XO. In one patixt, isozhromosomy or pericentric inverrion of the Y chromosome was found, and was also found in the paternal grandfather, the father and the brother, none of whom had malformations. One patient who also had severe extracardiac malformations, had partial trisomy of a group C chromosome and translocation C/D. Trans-location C/D was found in the father and sister, who were phenotypically normal. In the remaining 82 patients, normal chromosomal conditions were found, although 2 patients had presumably insignificant chromosomal variations.
Selective retrosigmoid vestibular neurectomy without internal auditory canal drill-out: an anatomic study.

Objective It is well established that selective vestibular nerve section by means of the retrosigmoid or posterior fossa approach can be accomplished with or without drill-out of the internal auditory canal (IAC) by virtue of the presence or absence of a surgically accessible cleavage plane between the vestibular and cochlear nerves. Some reports have indicated that a majority of patients would be amenable to successful separation of the vestibular nerve from the cochlear nerve medial to the IAC, thus obviating the need for IAC drill-out and associated complications. However, other reports have indicated routine difficulty in finding a satisfactory vestibulocochlear cleavage plane within the cerebellopontine angle. This in situ cadaver study was undertaken to determine whether normal anatomic relationships support the hypothesis that selective vestibular nerve section can be accomplished by means of the posterior fossa approach without the need for concomitant IAC drill-out in a majority of circumstances. Methods A retrosigmoid approach to the posterior fossa was performed bilaterally on 36 intact human cadavers. After displacement of the cerebellum, an operating surgical microscope was used to visualize the cerebellopontine angle in the surgical position. The ability to develop a satisfactory cleavage plane between the vestibular and cochlear nerves without the need for drill-out of the IAC was established in each case. Results Seventy-two vestibulocochlear nerve bundles in 36 intact human cadavers were analyzed. A vestibulocochlear nerve cleavage plane within the cerebellopontine angle amenable to neurectomy medial to the porus of the IAC was observed in 81% left and 69% right vestibulocochlear nerve bundles (average, 75%). The facial nerve was found deep or anterior to the vestibulocochlear nerve bilaterally in all cases examined. The anterior inferior cerebellar artery, or a branch of the artery, was found to cross the plane between the facial and vestibulocochlear nerve bundles within the lateral cerebellopontine angle in 47% of the cases on the left and in 50% of cases on the right. Conclusions A vestibulocochlear nerve cleavage plane amenable for selective vestibular nerve transection without drilling the IAC was found in 75% of the 72 cerebellopontine angles studied. The facial nerve consistently lies deep or anterior to the vestibulocochlear nerve within the cerebellopontine angle with the retrosigmoid approach. These findings support the rational and feasibility of avoiding drill-out of the IAC in the majority of circumstances when performing selective vestibular neurectomy by means of the posterior fossa approach for Meniere's syndrome and other vestibular disorders.
Observed well-being among individuals with dementia: Memories in the Making, an art program, versus other structured activity.

This manuscript analyzes the use of the Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-Being Observation Tool© in observing seven domains of well-being among individuals with dementia. We observed the well-being of 12 individuals while they engaged in Memories in the Making©, an art program for persons in the early and middle stages of the disease that encourages self-expression through the visual arts. This was then compared to the observed well-being in the same individuals during participation in more traditional adult day center activities, such as current events and crafts. Results indicated that the individuals demonstrated significantly more interest, sustained attention, pleasure, self-esteem, and normalcy during participation in Memories in the Making; additionally, there were no differences in negative affect or sadness between the two types of activities. Directions for future research are also discussed.
HgCdTe Photon Trapping Structure for BroadbandMid-Wavelength Infrared Absorption

This work investigates the use of photon trapping structures in HgCdTe detectors for use in mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) detectors. Model results based on finite-difference time-domain electromagnetic simulation and a finite-element model of electronic performance are compared with Fourier-transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and measured device performance results. Reduced fill factor devices with lowered dark current and no appreciable decrease in quantum efficiency are demonstrated. This is compared against devices with reduced fill factor but no photon trapping capability, which exhibit reduced dark current but also reduced quantum efficiency.
OBSERVATION OF GIANT DIPOLE RESONANCES BUILT ON STATES OF HIGH ENERGY AND SPIN

Spectra of ..gamma.. rays in the 2--30-MeV range have been observed following /sup 40/Ar-induced reactions leading to the /sup 122/Te, /sup 150/Gd, and /sup 164/Er systems. Shoulders in the spectra for E/sub ..gamma../>10 MeV are interpreted as arising from the giant dipole resonance and are consistent with statistical-model calculations using the giant-dipole-resonance strength function. Their observation offers the possibility of studying nuclear shapes and dynamics as functions of temperature and spin.
Hematuria in children

W I w H T H E introduction of the chemically impregnated dip sticks, the detection of hematuria and certain other urinary abnormalities has become very easy. Establishing the cause of hematuria and its clinical significance is not as easy, but both cause and significance can and should be established in most cases. Radiologic studies can provide safe and convenient visualization of the upper and lower urinary tracts. The percutaneous renal biopsy has become a reasonably safe and sure means of obtaining renal tissue for pathologic study. I t is important for the clinician to know what each of these procedures will reveal and under what circumstances the information obtained may be useful in establishing the correct diagnosis. The aim of this discussion is threefold: (1) to list and briefly describe the clinical disorders of infants and children in which