cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of stream drift mechanisms: an experimental and observational approach

Laboratory experiments were conducted with the periphyton-grazing mayfly Baetis tricaudatus to test the hypothesis that stream drift results from the passive removal of individuals from substrates. This hypothesis accounts for entry into the water column and diel drift periodicities, based on changes in the positioning of individuals on substrates and changes in their activity rates. A factorial design that incorporated food abundance (low or high), food distribution (low, intermediate, or high degree of patchiness), and forager hunger level (starved or well fed) was used to produce contrasting diel behavioral patterns necessary to test the hypothesis. Nymph behavior was monitored during the day and night using time-lapse cinematography and direct visual observations. Nymphs fed ad libitum had greater activity rates and greater proportions of individuals on top surfaces at night than during the day. Starved nymphs showed little day-night variation in activity or positioning behavior, and their behavior during the day was similar to that of fed nymphs at night. Therefore, if drift-entry was passive, diurnal drift of starved nymphs should have been greater than or equal to nocturnal drift of fed nymphs in comparisons made within food levels. In all cases this prediction was not supported. These results refute the passive drift-entry hypothesis and support the alternative hypothesis of active entry into the water column. Drift patterns and foraging behaviors in these experiments and in an additional set of experiments were analyzed to identify proximate factors responsible for active drift-entry by Baetis. Drift was greatest at night and at the low food level. Periphyton patchiness and nymph hunger level did not significantly affect drift in the factorial experiments. In additional experiments, over a wide range of food abundance (2.5 x 105 to 107 diatom cells/cm2), the proportion drifting at night was significantly greater than zero when food was patchily distributed on substrates, but not when food was uniformly distributed. Based on these results and behavioral observations suggesting that food patches were less readily encountered with increasing degree of patchiness, I suggest that active drift is a component of Baetis food searching behavior and that individuals abandon habitats by entering the water column when their estimate of habitat quality falls to some threshold level.
Time to Eliminate The Penny From The U.S. Coinage System: New Evidence

The heart of Lombra’s analysis is his estimate of the losses to consumers if the penny were eliminated and cash prices were rounded up or down to the nearest nickel. Using data from the price book of a typical convenience store, he shows that the last digit for over eighty percent of prices is a nine. Simulating 5000 purchases of from one to three items across the full spectrum of the 3585 items in the price book, he estimates that 60 percent of the transactions result in rounding upward if three items are purchased and up to 93 percent are rounded upward if one or two items are bought. As a lower bound, if half of the 106 billion annual consumer transactions were made with cash and 60 percent were rounded upward, consumers would collectively lose $318 million per year. As an upper bound, if 83 percent of transactions use cash and 93 percent have prices rounded upward, the loss to consumers would be $818 million annually. The fi rst limitation of this analysis is that it is unknown how many items (and in what combinations) consumers purchase from convenience stores. The “rounding tax” is lower as more items are purchased, but information on how many items are purchased was unavailable to Lombra and many purchases involve more than three items. More problematically this calculation assumes that all such transactions are not taxed. Chande and Fisher’s [2003] simulations show that the “rounding tax” essentially disappears in Canada where all items are taxed. Convenience stores’ goods are taxed in the United States, too. According to the Federation of Tax Administra
Temporary prostatic urethral stenting as a provocative tool to determine surgical eligibility in complex bladder outlet obstructed patients: our initial experience.

Background/Aims: To evaluate the usefulness of a temporary prostatic urethral stent to determine which complex surgical patients would benefit from definitive surgical management of their benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed our benign prostatic hyperplasia database and identified all patients that received at least one temporary prostatic urethral stent between April 2008 and December 2010. Results: Forty SpannerTM stents were placed in 20 patients. Mean age was 78.1 years and prostate size was 62.1 cm3. Urinary retention was present in 60% (12/20) of patients. No statistically significant changes in mean maximal flow rate, average flow rate, and post void residual was noted. Seven patients (35%) did well with the stent and progressed to definitive surgical management whereas 10% of the cohort (2/20) leaked urine with the stent in place and subsequently went back to catheter management. Another 30% (6/20) were unable to tolerate the stent while 1 patient passed away unrelated to the stent. Conclusions: The use of the temporary prostatic urethral stent provided a good provocative test that enabled patients to experience what their voiding status would be if they were to undergo definitive surgical management.
Interactions between mucopolysaccharides and cationic polypeptides in aqueous solution: Hyaluronic acid, heparitin sulfate, and keratan sulfate

Circular dichroism spectroscopy has been used to study the interactions of hyaluronic acid, heparitin sulfate, and keratan sulfate with cationic polypeptides. The results indicate that the presence of these mucopolysaccharides has an effect in the conformation of poly(L-lysine) and poly(L-arginine), such that the former adopts the “random” form and the latter takes up the α-helical conformation, rather than the “charged coil” form expected at neutral pH. The relative strengths of the interactions can be judged from the melting temperatures above which they are disrupted. Both the stoichiometry and the strength of the interactions depend on the position, number, and type of anionic groups attached to the polysaccharide backbone. Such considerations place the six common mucopolysaccharides in order of increasing strength of interaction: hyaluronic acid < chondroitin 4-sulfate < heparitin sulfate < chondroitin 6-sulfate < keratan sulfate ⩽ dermatan sulfate. These differences should be paralleled by differences in the interaction of the mucopolysaccharides with collagen and fibrous proteins.
Jonathan Edwards and the Limits of Enlightenment Philosophy

Jonathan Edwards has most often been considered in the context of the Puritanism of New England. In many ways, however, he was closer to the thinkers of the European Enlightenment. In this book. Leon Chai explores that connection, analysing Edwards's thought in light of a number of the issues that preoccupied such Enlightenment figures as Locke, Descartes, Malebranche, and Leibniz. The book comprises three parts, each of which begins with a detailed analysis of a crucial passage from a classic Enlightenment text, and then turns to a major theological work of Jonathan Edwards in which the same issue is explored.
A Palliative Operation for Certain Infants with Aortic Arch Interruption

Abstract A palliative operation for young infants with Type B aortic arch interruption was performed in 4 babies under 1 month of age. A tubular synthetic graft was placed between the main pulmonary artery and the descending aorta, thus creating an artificial ductus. Following this, the pulmonary artery was banded to decrease pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary artery pressure and the ductus arteriosus was ligated. Two infants weighing 1.9 and 3.5 kg. at the time of operation survived and are improved 18 and 36 months postoperatively, respectively.
Some cyclic virtually irreducible lattices

Abstract Virtually irreducible lattices which satisfy a simple rationality condition and have positive height are constructed for elementary abelian 2-groups. The non-existence of such lattices would have implied part of Brauerʼs height zero conjecture. A characterization of rank 6 lattices for the elementary abelian group of size 16 is given.
Solvent osmotic stresses and the prediction of Case II transport kinetics

Abstract The rate controlling step in Case II transport kinetics is the swelling which occurs at the internal moving boundary. A physical model describing the swelling kinetics of glassy polymers in liquids is presented here. Using a thermodynamic argument, the stress induced by the penetrant on the glassy matrix is evaluated in terms of the penetrant concentration. The velocity of the swelling front is expressed in terms of the solvent stress, using the same functional relationship which gives the mechanical craze propagation rate, in terms of the mechanical stress. The resulting model permits the prediction of the kinetics of the swelling front from an independent characterization of mechanical properties.
Toxicity of Methyl Parathion, Parathion, and Monocrotophos Applied Topically to Populations of Lepidopteran Pests of Cotton

The LD50 for topical applications of methyl parathion to larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), reared from a field collection made near Brownsville, Texas, was 0.44 mg/g, 20 times higher than that for tobacco budworms collected earlier in the season from the same field (0.022 mg/g), in 1967. The LD50 for topical applications of monocrotophos to larvae of the tobacco budworm reared from larvae collected from the Brownsville field was 1.21 mg/g. This value was about 12 times greater than that obtained for a laboratory strain (0.10 mg/g). Parathion was more toxic than methyl parathion to larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), but not to larvae of the bollwonn, H. tea (Boddie). An attempt to select for resistance in laboratory strains of the bollwonn with monocrotophos and methyl parathion, the tobacco budworm with parathion and monocrotophos, and the beet armyworm with parathion by topical applications was not successful; the strains demonstrated increased susceptibility.
The Baby Blanket or the Briefcase: The Impact of Evangelical Gender Role Ideologies on Career and Mothering Aspirations of Female Evangelical College Students

This study examines the relationship between the Evangelical gender role ideologies termed Complementarianism and Egalitarianism and mothering and career aspirations among Evangelical female college students. We surveyed 134 women from two colleges in the United States, one in the Midwest and one in the South. Using a cross-sectional, self-report survey design, we examined the interaction between career aspirations and mothering aspirations as well as the impact of Evangelical gender role ideologies on both types of aspirations. Results indicated that career and home aspirations were negatively correlated. Mothering aspirations were shown to be significantly affected by conservative gender role ideology. These findings suggest that aspirations for one’s mothering role may be influenced by ideological positions.
Aerial image contrast using interferometric lithography: effect on line-edge roughness

Interferometric lithography affords the unique ability to independently control dose, pitch and aerial image contrast during photolithographic exposure. In this report, we describe the use of a deep-UV interferometric lithography exposure tool to study the impact of aerial image contrast on resists imaging properties. A wide range of high resolution resists materials was surveyed, including positive- and negative-tone systems, chemically amplified and conventional diazonaphthoquinone imagining chemistries, and aqueous- and solvent-developed systems. In all cases, resist line- edge roughness was observed to increase as aerial image contrast was decreased, though the precise behavior varied with resist material. Polymer molecular weight was systematically varied with resists materia. Polymer molecular weight was systematically varied in a negative- tone chemically amplified resist formulation. The results indicate that molecular weight is a significant factor influencing the magnitude and type of line-edge roughness at low aerial image contrast.
Large and small time local controllability

A control system is small time locally controllable, (STLC), along a rest solution p if for any t/sub 1/, /spl alpha/>0 all points in a neighborhood of p can be attained in time t/sub 1/ by use of measurable controls u having values. >
Pretreatment anemia is correlated with the reduced effectiveness of radiation and concurrent chemotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer.

Purpose Pretreatment anemia is an adverse prognostic variable in squamous cell head-and-neck cancer (HNC) patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone. Tumor hypoxia is an adverse parameter for treatment with RT alone or with RT and concurrent chemotherapy (CCT). Tumor hypoxia is more prevalent in patients who present with pretreatment hemoglobin (Hgb) concentrations less than 13 g/dL. RT/CCT improves survival over RT alone in advanced HNC, and its use is becoming more widespread. This study was performed to evaluate whether pretreatment Hgb less than 13 g/dL was correlated with treatment outcome in patients with advanced HNC treated with a uniform regimen of RT/CCT. Methods and materials The study population consisted of patients with AJCC Stage III or IV, M0 HNC who were treated with 70 to 72.5 Gy accelerated hyperfractionated RT (1.25 Gy b.i.d.) and CCT consisting of 2 cycles of CDDP (12–20 mg/m 2 /d × 5 days) and continuous infusion 5-FU (600 mg/m 2 /d × 5 days) during Week 1 and Week 6. A planned break in RT occurred during Week 4. These patients were enrolled on the experimental arm of a prospective randomized trial that compared this regimen to hyperfractionated irradiation alone from 1990 to 1996. RT/CCT was delivered as standard therapy from 1996 to 2000. The primary endpoint was failure-free survival (FFS). Secondary endpoints included local-regional control and overall survival. Results One hundred and fifty-nine patients were treated from 1990 to 2000. The median (25–75%) pretreatment Hgb was 13.6 (12.2–13.5) g/dL. Hgb was 13 g/dL or higher in 105 patients and less than 13 g/dL in 54 patients. Primary tumor sites included oropharynx (43%), hypopharynx/larynx (36%), oral cavity (9%), and nasopharynx (6%). Seventy-eight percent of the patients with Hgb 13 g/dL or higher and 92% of the patients with Hgb less than 13 g/dL had a primary tumor stage of T3 or T4 ( p = 0.01). Node-positive disease was present in 74 of 105 (70%) of patients with Hgb 13 g/dL or higher patients and in 36/54 (67%) of patients with Hgb less than 13 g/dL patients. Median follow-up of surviving patients was 42 months (range, 4–128 months). Five-year FFS was 75% for patients with Hgb 13 g/dL or higher vs. 50% for patients with Hgb less than 13 g/dL had a ( p Conclusion Pretreatment Hgb less than 13 g/dL is correlated with adverse outcomes in advanced HNC patients treated with RT/CCT. Whether anemia actually causes poor outcomes remains unknown. The therapeutic effect of anemia correction is being evaluated in prospective trials.
Family Assistance Attitudes and Family Cultural Conflict: A Comparative Study of Second-Generation Asian American and Native-Born European American Emerging Adults

Research shows that ethnic minority and immigrant youth hold stronger attitudes about helping their families compared with native-born European American peers. Though often portrayed as burdensome, there has been limited empirical research on how family assistance attitudes affect the mental health among diverse emerging adults. We examined the influence of various attitudes toward family assistance on family cultural conflict, a mental health risk factor. Results from our survey showed that secondgeneration Asian Americans (N 328) rated family assistance as more important than nonimmigrant European American (N 343) college students, and that this was partly explained by differences in interdependent self-construal. As predicted, higher levels of self-expectations of daily family assistance were associated with lower self-reported family cultural conflict among second-generation Asian Americans but not among native-born European Americans. Findings suggest that for second-generation Asian Americans who are emerging adults, an incongruency between self- and family expectations for assistance may be more predictive of mental health risk than for nonimmigrant European Americans. Potential implications for mental health prevention among ethnic minority, immigrant-emerging adults are discussed.
Surface Hydrophobicity and Protein Cross-Linking in Rice Subjected to Varying Drying and Tempering Conditions

: Rough rice was subjected to 25 °C or 60 °C drying with or without 3 h of tempering at 16.9% relative humidity to obtain rice flours. Proteins extracted from these flours were evaluated for surface hydrophobicity, molecular size, and protein cross-linking via lysine-carbohydrate interaction and formation of S-S bond. Drying at 60 °C significantly increased glutelin surface hydrophobicity (P < 0.05), but did not affect moisture, protein, glutelin components and their molecular sizes, and cystine and available lysine contents in comparison with drying at 25 °C. Therefore, drying at 60 °C is considered ineffective to cause protein cross-linking and glutelin changes in molecular size.
THE MEANING OF RACE TO EMPLOYERS

The unemployment problems of blacks in the United States have been the subject of considerable research in the social sciences since the 1980s. One way of studying the barriers to employment faced by blacks has been to interview employers, face to face, and directly ask them about their racial attitudes. These studies have concluded that a majority of employers believe that blacks, compared with other racial and ethnic groups, are uncooperative, unreliable, and lack sufficient skills for entry-level employment. The present study critically reexamines employer racial attitudes toward blacks and other groups through a case study of employer hiring in the electronics industry in Los Angeles. Using a different set of interview questions, employers reported (1) that blacks are reluctant to accept unskilled jobs due to a higher reservation wage, not because they lacked skills or a work ethic, (2) that employer racial attitudes varied by level of occupational skill, and (3) that affirmative action regulations modified the hiring process such that employers were less likely to rely on negative racial stereotypes in their hiring and more likely to rely on objective criteria when screening job seekers. I conclude by suggesting that employer racial attitudes are dynamic and, in large measure, shaped by institutional relationships within the workplace.
Complex Trapped Modes of the Helmholtz Equation in Cross, S, and U Bends

The Helmholtz equation with zero boundary conditions is important in the vibration of membranes, simply-supported plates, and electromagnetic and quantum waveguides. Trapped modes, with a lowered frequency and limited local effect, may exist for infinite strips with local bends or enlargements. Infinite strips with a cross bulge, with an S bend and with a U bend are studied using an efficient eigenfunction expansion and domain decomposition method. As the bulge become larger, more trapped modes with more complexity appear. Some geometries do not support trapped modes at all. These results are new.
What Incongruent Counterparts Show

: In a recent paper, Robert Hanna argues that Kant's incongruent counterparts example can be mobilized to show that some mental representations, which represent complex states of affairs as complex, do so entirely non-conceptually. I will argue that Hanna is right to see that Kant uses incongruent counterparts to show that there must be a non-conceptual component to cognition, but goes too far in concluding that there must be entirely non-conceptual representations that represent objects as existing in space and time. Kant is deeply committed to the thesis that no representation of a complex state of affairs as complex can be entirely non-conceptual. For Kant, all representations of complex states of affairs as complex (including those of incongruent counterparts) are conceptually structured. I present an interpretation of the Transcendental Aesthetic according to which Kant not only aims at Leibnizian and Newtonian accounts of space and time, but also Hume's. Hume's account fails to make representations of complex states of affairs sufficiently determinate. Kant offers an account later in the Critique that is meant to correct this failing by requiring that all representations of complex states of affairs as complex be conceptually (inferentially) structured.
The Keap1-BTB Protein Is an Adaptor That Bridges Nrf2 to a Cul3-Based E3 Ligase: Oxidative Stress Sensing by a Cul3-Keap1 Ligase

The Nrf2 transcription factor promotes survival following cellular insults that trigger oxidative damage. Nrf2 activity is opposed by the BTB/POZ domain protein Keap1. Keap1 is proposed to regulate Nrf2 activity strictly through its capacity to inhibit Nrf2 nuclear import. Recent work suggests that inhibition of Nrf2 may also depend upon ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. To address the contribution of Keap1-dependent sequestration versus Nrf2 proteolysis, we identified the E3 ligase that regulates Nrf2 ubiquitination. We demonstrate that Keap1 is not solely a cytosolic anchor; rather, Keap1 is an adaptor that bridges Nrf2 to Cul3. We demonstrate that Cul3-Keap1 complexes regulate Nrf2 polyubiquitination both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of either Keap1 or Cul3 increases Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, leading to promiscuous activation of Nrf2-dependent gene expression. Our data demonstrate that Keap1 restrains Nrf2 activity via its capacity to target Nrf2 to a cytoplasmic Cul3-based E3 ligase and suggest a model in which Keap1 coordinately regulates both Nrf2 accumulation and access to target genes.
Phantom , a New Subclass of Mutator DNA Transposons Found in Insect Viruses and Widely Distributed in Animals

Transposons of the Mutator (Mu) superfamily have been shown to play a critical role in the evolution of plant genomes. However, the identification of Mutator transposons in other eukaryotes has been quite limited. Here we describe a previously uncharacterized group of DNA transposons designated Phantom identified in the genomes of a wide range of eukaryotic taxa, including many animals, and provide evidence for its inclusion within the Mutator superfamily. Interestingly three Phantom proteins were also identified in two insect viruses and phylogenetic analysis suggests horizontal movement from insect to virus, providing a new line of evidence for the role of viruses in the horizontal transfer of DNA transposons in animals. Many of the Phantom transposases are predicted to harbor a FLYWCH domain in the amino terminus, which displays a WRKY–GCM1 fold characteristic of the DNA binding domain (DBD) of Mutator transposases and of several transcription factors. While some Phantom elements have terminal inverted repeats similar in length and structure to Mutator elements, some display subterminal inverted repeats (sub-TIRs) and others have more complex termini reminiscent of so-called Foldback (FB) transposons. The structural plasticity of Phantom and the distant relationship of its encoded protein to known transposases may have impeded the discovery of this group of transposons and it suggests that structure in itself is not a reliable character for transposon classification.
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors evoke distinct responses in simultaneously recorded neurons of the raphé-pontomedullary respiratory network.

The brainstem network for generating and modulating the respiratory motor pattern includes neurons of the medullary ventrolateral respiratory column (VRC), dorsolateral pons (PRG) and raphe nuclei. Midline raphe neurons are proposed to be elements of a distributed brainstem system of central chemoreceptors, as well as modulators of central chemoreceptors at other sites, including the retrotrapezoid nucleus. Stimulation of the raphe system or peripheral chemoreceptors can induce a long-term facilitation of phrenic nerve activity; central chemoreceptor stimulation does not. The network mechanisms through which each class of chemoreceptor differentially influences breathing are poorly understood. Microelectrode arrays were used to monitor sets of spike trains from 114 PRG, 198 VRC and 166 midline neurons in six decerebrate vagotomized cats; 356 were recorded during sequential stimulation of both receptor classes via brief CO2-saturated saline injections in vertebral (central) and carotid arteries (peripheral). Seventy neurons responded to both stimuli. More neurons were responsive only to peripheral challenges than those responsive only to central chemoreceptor stimulation (PRG, 20 : 4; VRC, 41 : 10; midline, 25 : 13). Of 16 474 pairs of neurons evaluated for short-time scale correlations, similar percentages of reference neurons in each brain region had correlation features indicative of a specific interaction with at least one target neuron: PRG (59.6%), VRC (51.0%) and raphe nuclei (45.8%). The results suggest a brainstem network architecture with connectivity that shapes the respiratory motor pattern via overlapping circuits that modulate central and peripheral chemoreceptor-mediated influences on breathing.
Myocardial matrix metalloproteinase activity and abundance with congestive heart failure

The left ventricular (LV) myocardial collagen matrix has been proposed to participate in the maintenance of LV geometry. Thus alterations in the composition of the LV myocardial collagen matrix may...
Interrogating the Peripheries: The Preoccupations of Fourth Generation Transitional Justice

In the last three decades, the field of transitional justice has moved from the margins to the center of international attention and policy making. Some two decades after the term was coined, it has been normalized, institutionalized, and mainstreamed. Yet even as the field as a whole moves from the periphery to the center, embraced by global institutions like the United Nations, issues that have long lingered at the edges of the field itself remain little changed. Thus, for example, transitional justice continues to privilege civil and political rights over economic and social rights; international rules and standards over local and cultural norms and practices; and legal and technocratic solutions over political and contextual ones. Building upon Ruti Teitel’s notion of a “transitional justice genealogy,” this article argues that a new phase or “fourth generation” of transitional justice preoccupations has arisen, characterized in part by an increasing willingness to grapple with those issues that have historically sat at the periphery of transitional justice concern. While these concerns are not entirely new, they have taken on increasing prominence in recent years. Working through the dilemmas they raise at the level of theory, policy, and practice will be an important step in the development of the field of transitional justice in the years to come.
SINGLE BOOK REVIEWS

Cross-Cultural Collaboration: Native Peoples and Archaeology in the Northeastern United States. Jordan E. Kerber, ed. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006. 384 pp.
A lipopolysaccharide-inducible macrophage gene (D3) is a new member of an interferon-inducible gene cluster and is selectively expressed in mononuclear phagocytes

We previously reported the isolation and char- acterization of cDNA clones encoding novel lipopolysac- charide (LPS)-inducible mRNAs from murine peritoneal macrophages. We now present the complete coding se- quence of a cDNA previously termed D3. Analysis of mul- tiple clones from a murine macrophage cDNA library provided a complete cDNA sequence of approximately 1.6 kb. The corresponding RNA contains a single open read- ing frame encoding a hydrophilic protein composed of 425 amino acids and is characterized by a region includ- ing three perfect and two imperfect repeats of a seven- amino-acid sequence. Based on nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence, this mRNA is a new member of a previously described multigene cluster of interferon- inducible genes termed the Mouse 200 series genes. This new sequence most closely resembles gene 204 because both D3 and 204 genes have segments containing the seven-amino-acid repeat sequence. The Mouse 202 and 204 genes, however, have an approximately 200-amino- acid carboxyl-terminal domain that is absent in the LPS- inducible macrophage-derived cDNA. In addition, D3, 202, and 204 can all be distinguished from one another by virtue of unique 3' noncoding regions 200-300 base pairs in length. The D3 unique sequence is largely res- tricted to the smallest of the three size classes of this gene family expressed in macrophages and is not detected in interferon- or platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated fibroblasts. Overall, three separate mRNAs have now been described, each of which has three or more of a possible seven nucleotide sequence domains. Although the func- tion(s) of the members of this gene family remains unknown, the multiple forms inducible by diverse stimuli and their restricted cell type expression suggest diverse and important physiologic roles for their products in inflammation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 53: 563-568; 1993.
Pediatric Hand Injuries

Abstract The hand is one of the most frequently injured parts of a child's body. Thorough knowledge of the pediatric hand anatomy is necessary to guide the evaluation and management of children presenting with hand injuries. Appropriate and timely management strategies have important functional and cosmetic outcomes and thus should be individualized to the patient's skeletal maturity, injury type, and severity, avoiding complications such as physeal damage and/or growth arrest. Ultimate outcome depends upon initial care. All pediatric hand fractures require close follow-up with the proper specialists for long-term monitoring. After emergency department evaluation, patients and families should be provided with complete and clear instructions including when to return to care, anticipatory guidance, and cast or splint care.
The impact of Aerial applications of ultra-low volume adulticides on Culex tarsalis populations (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kern County, California, USA, 1982.

Three ultra-low volume (ULV) adulticide sprays applied at 3-day intervals failed to alter the relative abundance or age structure of Culex tarsalis populations sufficiently to interrupt virus transmission in Kern County, California, USA. Adulticides were applied by single-engine, fixed-wing aircraft during late afternoon. Mortality among caged sentinels indicated acceptable coverage of the 260–365-ha study areas. Laboratory susceptibility tests, field-cage exposures, and mark-recapture studies indicated that a foothill Cx. tarsalis population was susceptible to chlorpyrifos, while a valley population from an agricultural area was partially resistant to chlorpyrifos and resmethrin. Relative abundance of Cx. tarsalis, Aedes melanimon , and Cx. quinquefasciatus at CDC light traps baited with dry ice and located in the center of the spray zone decreased during all adulticide applications when compared to unsprayed comparison traps. However, suppression was transient and Cx. tarsalis abundance never declined below the minimum threshold presumed to be necessary for the maintenance of arbovirus transmission. The minimum infection rates for Hart Park and Turlock viruses in female Cx. tarsalis did not change during chlorpyrifos applications in foothill and valley study areas. However, the minimum infection rate of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in female Cx. tarsalis declined concurrently with resmethrin adulticiding at a valley study area.
Heterogeneity of Scaffold Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering

Tissue engineering (TE) offers a potential solution for the shortage of transplantable organs and the need for novel methods of tissue repair. Methods of TE have advanced significantly in recent years, but there are challenges to using engineered tissues and organs including but not limited to: biocompatibility, immunogenicity, biodegradation, and toxicity. Analysis of biomaterials used as scaffolds may, however, elucidate how TE can be enhanced. Ideally, biomaterials should closely mimic the characteristics of desired organ, their function and their in vivo environments. A review of biomaterials used in TE highlighted natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and decellularized organs as sources of scaffolding. Studies of discarded organs supported that decellularization offers a remedy to reducing waste of donor organs, but does not yet provide an effective solution to organ demand because it has shown varied success in vivo depending on organ complexity and physiological requirements. Review of polymer-based scaffolds revealed that a composite scaffold formed by copolymerization is more effective than single polymer scaffolds because it allows copolymers to offset disadvantages a single polymer may possess. Selection of biomaterials for use in TE is essential for transplant success. There is not, however, a singular biomaterial that is universally optimal.
Monitoring and analysis on occupational hazards in a certain phosphorus chemical plant

Objective To investigate the factors of occupational hazards in a certain phosphorus chemical plant and their influence on the employees′ health to provide the scientific basis for formulating the corresponding preventive measures.Methods The fixed-point monitoring method was adopted to conduct the on-site inspection and the physical examination in employees in 2007,2009 and 2011 respectively.The obtained data were performed the comprehensive analysis.Results In the inspections of the 4 main pollution indexes including P2O5,dust,noise and thermal radiation,the average qualified rate of P2O5 was highest(89.66%),while which of thermal radiation was lowest(78.78%).Among the different workshops in the plant,the qualified rate of P2O5 in the refining workshop was lowest(78.95%).The posts before refining furnace were affected by dust and thermal radiation,their qualified rates were 84.62% and 58.82% respectively.The qualified rates of the 4 main pollution indexes in the control room were totally over 90%.In the occupational physical examination of the employees,the detection rate of hypertension was highest(13.88%),followed by abnormal listening(9.98%).Exceeding standard of the monitoring indexes and obviously abnormal physical examination results in the blast furnace operators and furnace maintenance operators were significantly higher than those for the refining workers and the posts in the control room.Conclusion The factors of occupational hazards have been greatly declined by improving working conditions.But the discharge of poisonous and harmful factors should be further controlled,the measures of noise reduction and dust elimination should be further strengthened and the working environment should be improved for decreasing the occupational hazards.
The dietetic technician: paraprofessional as knowledge worker.

The emergence of the paraprofessional role is a development whose “time has come” in this age of societal change.
Assessing ureteral wound healing by pressure flow technique.

AbstractBilateral ureteral anastomoses were performed on dogs with either chromic catgut, polyglycolic acid (PGA), polyglactin 910 or polypropylene suture. The infusion pressure technique of Whitaker was employed at 4 and 7 months after operation to assess ureteral function. The pressure flow data indicated that ureteral function was best when PGA sutures were used to accomplish the anastomosis. The results of this study suggest that the infusion pressure technique is useful in evaluating ureteral wound healing.
Implementing Positive Behavior Support in Preschools: An Exploratory Study of CW-FIT Tier 1.

Challenging behavior in preschool is a serious concern for teachers. Positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS) have been shown to be effective in reducing such behaviors. Class-Wide Function-Related Intervention Teams (CW-FIT) is a specific multi-tiered intervention for implementing effective classroom management strategies using PBIS practices. CW-FIT has been shown to be effective in elementary classrooms but has not yet been evaluated with younger age groups. CW-FIT Tier 1 is a group contingency utilizing social skills training, teacher praise, and positive reinforcement to improve student behavior. The present study examined the effects of CW-FIT Tier 1 implementation on student group on-task behavior and on teacher praise and reprimand rates in four preschool classrooms. A single-subject delayed multiple baseline design with embedded reversals was used to evaluate impact. Results indicated the intervention increased student group on-task behavior and teacher praise to reprimand ratios. Both...
American Narcissus: Lacanian Reflections on DeLillo’s Americana

Don DeLillo’s first novel, Americana (1971), is assembled from a toolkit of psychological tropes. Critics have long recognized the novel’s debts to (and parodies of) Sigmund Freud, leading one critic to dub protagonist David Bell as “the American Oedipus.” The present article reconsiders the novel from the perspective of Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalytic theories. Several of Lacan’s key concepts—including his seminal articulation of the Mirror Stage, his revisions to Freud’s Oedipus Complex, his emphasis on lack as the engine of desire, as well as his reflections on dreams, fantasies, and the gaze—help shed new light on DeLillo’s splintered portrait of postmodern subjectivity in Americana . The article uses Lacan to explain how and why each of David Bell’s attempts at indulging his incestuous maternal desires ends in disappointment, with particular emphasis on his three failed attempts at restaging the primal scene. Lacanian psychology provides a conceptual framework and useful taxonomy for understanding the shifting desires, misrecognitions, obfuscations, deflections, projections, and self-reflections of the American Narcissus, David Bell.
Decreased sensitivity to vasoconstrictors in aortic rings after acute exposure to nitric oxide.

Nitric oxide (NO) has been postulated as a regulator of vascular reactivity, and the current study tested the hypothesis that NO-induced decreased sensitivity to vasoconstrictors persists following...
From prairie to energy frontier

Fermilab, the scientific research facility, has for the past 37 years transformed a 10-square-mile patch of the Illinois prairie into the frontier of high-energy particle physics. Fermilab, the book, is the first written history of this unique place, covering both the birth of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and its journey to its current position as a world centre of "megascience". Yet Fermilab is far from being a dry historical account. It spans the entire spectrum of what is required to establish a cutting-edge facility and perform research there – from organizational aspects and technological choices to the sociology and politics of funding and site selection. The creation of Fermilab was a far cry from the establishment of a shining light on the prairie; rather, it was a practical solution for passionate researchers, driven to do physics amid the real-world constraints of shrinking federal science budgets.
The influence of subcutaneous fat on the relationship between body composition and ultrasound-derived muscle quality

Ultrasound echo intensity (EI) values are a popular assessment of muscle quality. The relationship between EI and total (%fat) and regional (%fatlimb) body composition was examined in 40 men, prior to and after accounting for subcutaneous fat thickness. Uncorrected EI values suggest that muscle quality improves (r = -0.329 to -0.224; P = 0.038-0.165) with greater %fat and %fatlimb. However, corrected EI values indicated that muscle quality decreases (r = 0.711 to 0.798; P < 0.001) with greater %fat and %fatlimb.
Myeloablative busulfan with cyclophosphamide (BuCy) versus busulfan with fludarabine (BuFlu) in myeloid neoplasms.

7041 Background: BuCy is considered a standard myeloablative conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However its use is limited by significant regimen re...
The Effects of Trade Secret Protections on Financial Reporting Opacity: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Firms rely on trade secret protections to preserve intellectual property. Using a stylized model, we argue that financial disclosure and trade secret protection are complements: firms release higher quality financial information when trade secret protection is stronger. We find empirical support for our prediction using the staggered passage of trade secret laws across U.S. states via the Uniform Trade Secret Act (UTSA) as a natural experiment. Firms increase earnings quality and have stronger earnings response coefficients following the UTSA passage. Results are stronger for firms in more competitive industries, smaller and higher growth firms, suggesting that firms that faced higher ex-ante proprietary disclosure costs benefit more from trade secret protections and improve their public disclosure.
A cyber-enabled spatial decision support system to inventory Mangroves in Mozambique: coupling scientific workflows and cloud computing

Mangroves are an important terrestrial carbon reservoir with numerous ecosystem services. Yet, it is difficult to inventory mangroves because of their low accessibility. A sampling approach that produces accurate assessment while maximizing logistical integrity of inventory operation is often required. Spatial decision support systems SDSSs provide support for integrating such a sampling design of fieldwork with operational considerations and evaluation of alternative scenarios. However, this fieldwork design driven by SDSS is often computationally intensive and repetitive. In this study, we develop a cyber-enabled SDSS framework to facilitate the computationally challenging fieldwork design that requires the efficacious selection of base camps and plots for the inventory of mangroves. Our study area is the Zambezi River Delta, Mozambique. Cyber-enabled capabilities, including scientific workflows and cloud computing, are integrated with the SDSS. Scientific workflows enable the automation of data and modeling tasks in the SDSS. Cloud computing offers on-demand computational support for interoperation among stakeholders for collaborative scenario evaluation for the fieldwork design of mangrove inventory. Further, this framework allows for harnessing high-performance computing capabilities for accelerating the fieldwork design. The cyber-enabled framework provides significant merits in terms of effective coordination among science and logistical teams, assurance of meeting inventory objectives, and an objective basis to collectively and efficaciously evaluate alternative scenarios.
What it's like to teach physics

After graduating in 1996 from Nottingham I University with a degree in medical physics, I wanted to find a job in which I could apply the knowledge that I had learne – and yet enjoy my work as much as I had done at university. It might sound an impossible task, but I quickly realized that teaching was the answer. What swung it for me was that teaching offered 20 weeks of holiday a year–not quite as many as an undergraduate but the closest I could come up with–and the fact that both my parents had enjoyed happy and successful careers in education.
Effect of Exposure to Cold on Fluid and Electrolyte Exchange

Experimental evidence has been accumulating during the past twenty years to suggest that exposure of mammals to cold air is accompanied by a voluntary dehydration (21). In this regard, the rat has received a considerable amount of attention.
EXCAP exercise effects on cognitive impairment and inflammation: A URCC NCORP RCT in 479 cancer patients.

9504 Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the most troublesome side effects experienced by patients, arises due to chronic inflammation, and impairs quality of life (QOL). We conducted a...
Sequence stratigraphic evolution of the Mensa and Thunder Horse intraslope basins, northern deep-water Gulf of Mexico—Lower Cretaceous through upper Miocene (8.2 Ma): A case study

Thunder Horse and Mensa are two of the largest fields of oil or gas, respectively, in the northern deep-water Gulf of Mexico. The fields are present in adjacent intraslope minibasins, located approximately 12 mi (19 km) apart in Mississippi Canyon. Both fields illustrate important complexities of deep-water sedimentation. Analysis is based on the integration of wire-line logs, biostratigraphy, and a 378-mi2 (979-km2), three-dimensional seismic data set. Thunder Horse and Mensa reservoirs were deposited during themiddle to lateMiocene.Changes in paleobathymetry controlled the reservoir deposition, initially as salt withdrawal and later as turtle structures. From 125 to 24 Ma, the lithologies in both intraslope basins are interpreted as dominantly deep-water marls with interbedded shales. From 24 to 14.35 Ma, major input of deep-water siliciclastic sediments began. Sands were deposited in amalgamated sheets and amalgamated channel-fill units within the two major paleobathymetric lows; by contrast, shales were deposited across paleobathymetric highs. Between 14.35 and 13.05 Ma, the Thunder Horse turtle formed, creating a paleobathymetric high. Channelized sands were diverted around and deposited on the flanks of the structure. Meanwhile, to the north at Mensa, thick channelfill sediments continued to be deposited. From 12.2 to 8.2 Ma, the lithologies throughout the entire area are dominantly overbank shales with thin channel-fill sands, suggesting that large volumes of sand bypassed the study area farther downslope to the south. Finally, at 9.0 Ma, Mensa's sheet-sand reservoir represents a different setting; sands were deposited near the crest of the Mensa turtle, which had subtle bathymetric expression. Copyright © 2017 The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.
Review of 2017 Diabetes Standards of Care

Diabetes is a complex medical condition that requires evidence-based care. This article discusses the current diabetes screening, diagnostic criteria, and treatment recommendations for patients with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and prediabetes.
Abstract TP266: Infiltrated CD36+ Monocytes/Macrophages are the Main Phagocytes in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Stroke induces the infiltration of peripheral monocytes/macrophages [MMs] into the injured brain. As MMs share common lineage markers with resident microglia [Mig], defining their res...