cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elder Maltreatment Items, Subgroups, and Types: Policy and Practice Implications

An examination of 288 validated instances of elder maltreatment suggests that these phenomena pose questions as diverse as those faced in identifying child and spouse maltreatment. A partial typology is offered to guide further investigations. Implications for policy and practice suggest a cautious approach to value-laden issues while recognizing the need for intervention.
HOW THE ADMINISTRATION GROWS: A Longitudinal Study of Growth in Administration at Four Universities

Despite numerous speculations regarding the rampant growth of administrative sectors in higher education little concrete research has been generated. The current study takes an objective look at the increase in numbers of administrative personnel at four regional universities in Kentucky during an 11-year period. A tally of the numbers of titles included in university personnel rosters during that time indicates that the growth in numbers of administrators and administrative staff exceeded that of most other indicators of university growth such as numbers of faculty, numbers of students, and numbers of graduates. Suggestions are offered for the causes of the marked growth in administrative sectors. The methodology used in this study could be replicated in other types of institutions.
It's always snack time: An investigation of event scripts in young children.

This study examined whether young children include eating in their cognitive scripts for various events, and whether food-related scripts are associated with body mass index (BMI) percentile. Data were collected in a structured interview format. Participants, recruited from area preschools and day cares, provided a four-activity sequence for each of three events, and responses were recorded verbatim. Forty-four children (45% female) participated, with an average BMI percentile of 73.3% (SD = 25.9). Data were binarily coded to indicate whether each response was food-related. Frequencies were obtained, and responses were correlated with BMI percentile. Over 22% of the activities in the children's scripts involved food. The number of food-related activities reported was positively correlated with children's BMI percentile (r = 0.53, p = 0.03). Results provide preliminary evidence that food features prominently in young children's event scripts and that children with higher BMI percentiles may possess scripts that feature more food-related themes. Future researchers should investigate the causal nature of this relationship.
Impact of DNA hairpin folding energetics on antibody-ssDNA association.

Abstract Deposition of anti-DNA antibodies in the kidney contributes to the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus. Antibodies that bind to hairpin-forming DNA ligands may be particularly prone to deposition. Here we report the first structure of a Fab complexed with hairpin-forming DNA. The ligand used for co-crystallization is 5′-d [CTG(CCTT)CAG]-3′, which has a predicted hairpin structure consisting of a four-nucleotide loop (CCTT) and a stem of three base-pairs. The 1.95 A resolution crystal structure of Fab DNA-1 complexed with this ligand shows that the conformation of the bound ligand differs radically from the predicted hairpin conformation. The three base-pairs in the stem are absent in the bound form. The protein binds to the last six nucleotides at the 3′ end of the ligand. These nucleotides form a loop (TTCA) closed by a G:C base-pair in the bound state. Stacking of aromatic side-chains against DNA bases is the dominant interaction in the complex. Interactions with the DNA backbone are conspicuously absent. Thermodynamics of binding are examined using isothermal titration calorimetry. The apparent dissociation constant is 4 μM, and binding is enthalpically favorable and entropically unfavorable. Increasing the number of base-pairs in the DNA stem from three to six decreases binding affinity. These data suggest a conformational selection binding mechanism in which the Fab binds preferentially to the unstructured state of the ligand. In this interpretation, the ligand binding and ligand folding equilibria are coupled, with lower hairpin stability leading to greater effective binding affinity. Thus, pre-organization of the DNA loop into the preferred binding conformation does not play a major role in complexation. Rather, it is argued that the stem of the hairpin serves to reduce the degrees of freedom in the free DNA ligand, thereby limiting the entropic cost attendant to complexation with the Fab.
Temporal variations in lake water temperature: Paleoenvironmental implications of lake carbonate δ18O and temperature records

Abstract δ 18 O and “clumped isotope” measurements of lacustrine carbonates provide important records of past terrestrial climate and paleoelevation. However, one of the primary challenges interpreting these data is constraining the relationship between mineral formation temperature and seasonal and mean annual climate. We examined surface water temperature records from 88 lakes across the globe to develop transfer functions that relate seasonal water surface temperature to mean annual air temperature. These transfer functions provide a means of reconciling proxy measures of water temperature with annual climatic conditions. Mean annual surface water temperature is related to mean annual air temperature (MAAT=−0.0318× T Water 2 +2.195× T Water −12.607; R 2 =0.96) independent of lake size, with consistently higher mean water temperatures than air. N. Hemisphere Spring (April–June) mean lake surface temperatures (MAAT=−0.0097× T Water 2 +1.379× T Water −8.227; R 2 =0.94) are only slightly warmer than MAAT for lakes in all climate zones, while summer water temperatures (JJA) (MAAT=−0.0055× T Water 2 +1.476× T Water −18.915; R 2 =0.90) may be 10–20 °C warmer than MAAT for cold climate lakes. Comparison of carbonate stable isotopic data from sites with different timescales of carbonate formation, such as found along latitude or elevation gradients, can lead to large over- or underestimates of past temperature. Accurate paleoclimatic interpretation of isotopic proxies or use of temperature proxy constraints (i.e., fossil leaves) to estimate lake temperature and calculate water δ 18 O thus requires appropriate application of water temperature–air temperature transfer functions, particularly when considering ancient cool, high elevation lake systems.
Conduction Processes in High Value Thick Film Resistors

This paper describes conduction processes in thick film resistors made from 1 M&#x03A9;/square and 10 M&#x03A9;/square pastes. Conductivity as a function of temperature indicates activation energies in the order of 1 meV. At high fields, conductivity is increased. These results are interpreted on the basis of a model where the main resistor characteristics are determined by hopping conduction in a narrow impurity band in the glass phase of the resistor.
Incentive effects of choosing a therapist.

Investigated the effects of offering clients (N = 55) a choice of therapeutic style on show rate and reactions to the initial interview. Individuals who called for an appointment were assigned randomly to Choice and Attention-Control conditions. Choice Ss were informed that they would be assigned to a therapist who identified with one of two descriptions of therapy styles from which they could choose. Based on this choice, these persons were scheduled with the next therapist in line who had identified him/herself with the selected style. Attention-Control clients were informed about the range of services available at the clinic and paired with a therapist regardless of style on the usual rotating basis. A significantly higher proportion of Choice than Attention-Control Ss kept their scheduled appointments. However, no significant differences were found on client and therapist evaluations of the initial interview.
Corporate Governance, Auditing, and Reporting Distortions

Conventional wisdom suggests that independent boards limit earnings distortions and promote accurate reporting. In contrast, this study indicates that having insiders on boards enhances reporting integrity. The central result is that strengthening board independence curtails earnings overstatements but heightens the likelihood of understatements. This asymmetry occurs because reinforcing board independence on one hand limits the CEO�s ability to overreport but on the other hand encourages the auditor to rely on the board�s monitoring and consequently economize on effort. The reduced effort impairs the auditor�s ability to verify high earnings and, because auditors favor conservative reports when in doubt, leads to increased incidence of conservative understatements.
Effect of Glossopexy on Speech Sound Production in Robin Sequence

The management of Robin sequence may include glossopexy, in which the tongue is attached to the lower lip and mandible for anterior lingual positioning to resolve upper airway obstruction. The procedure is performed early in infancy and reversed at the time of palatal repair near 1 year of age. This period is critical to prespeech vocalization. The effect of glossopexy on speech sound production was investigated in 17 children with Robin sequence who had glossopexies. Analysis suggested that glossopexy may temporarily affect the development of prespeech skills and sound production. The onset of babbling and initiation of first words was often delayed in the subjects in comparison with syndrome-matched children who had not undergone glossopexy. Tongue-tip sounds were often produced with the tongue blade, but production was perceptually normal. The early delays were temporary and the only long-term effect of glossopexy was a tendency to produce tongue-tip sounds with the tongue blade.
Take Two Iron Chelators and Call Me in the Morning.

In a report by Hadziahmetovic et al,1 oral administration of an iron chelator deferiprone (Ferriprox), which was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration, showed substantial protection against retinal degeneration both in a chemically induced (NaIO3) mouse model as well as in a rd6 mouse, which exhibits a hereditary, slowly progressing retinal degeneration that mainly affects the RPE and photoreceptor cells. These authors previously demonstrated that this iron chelator can spare the retina from iron overload-induced degeneration, has no appreciable retinal toxicity in humans or mice, and is readily absorbed upon oral administration.2 Deferiprone has been used for the management of thalassemia major3 and is currently in clinical trials in the United States for treatment of contrast-induced acute kidney disease and for slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease (http://www.cormedix.com/pipeline_CRMD001.php). Drug repurposing is a current buzz phrase in translational medicine. The most recent work by Hadziahmetovic et al1 may lead to such repurposing of deferiprone and thus represents another potential application of chelator-based therapeutics. While the mechanism of action of deferiprone in reducing the extent of retinal degeneration is not fully understood and may, in fact, involve multiple mechanisms, it likely involves suppression of free radical oxidation reactions catalyzed non-enzymatically by free iron. Development of drugs that target these kinds of reactions is an area of intensive research, including bifunctional molecules that are both chelators and free radical scavengers.4 The results of such studies are promising and have clear potential clinical implications for management of a broad spectrum of human retinal degeneration, both hereditary and acquired.
TH‐D‐210A‐08: On the Importance of Correcting Anatomical Deformations in Prostate Cancer Patients

Purpose: To assess the effects of target, rectum and bladder anatomical deformations on targeting accuracy of prostate and postprostatectomy cancer patients undergoing IG‐IMRT. Methods: Localization with online kV‐CBCT was performed. The target and OARs positional/volumetric changes were evaluated and couch shifts were applied. For patients with large target/OARs volumetric changes compared to planning CT, arising from medications, diet, and/or ongoing RT, repeated localization CB scans were performed following an interventional procedure, shifts were then evaluated, and the IMRTtreatment was subsequently delivered. The interventional procedure involves the insertion of a rectal catheter or rectal deflation, and/or bladder filling. A total of 160 pre‐/post‐intervention shifts from 14 patients in the lateral/LR, vertical/AP, and longitudinal/SI directions were compared. The percentage of shifts larger than 5 mm in all directions was also compared. CTV‐to‐PTV expansion margins were estimated based on the pre‐ and post‐intervention localization data. Results: Systematic/S and random/s shifts from pre‐versus post‐intervention data (in mm) were: LR, 0.2±2.8 vs. 0.4±2.9; AP, −0.7±5.3 vs. −1.1±3.6; SI, 0.6±3.7 vs. −0.5±2.5. The mean 3D shift distance was 6.4±3.1 vs. 4.8±2.4 with a p‐value < 0.05. The percentage of preintervention shifts larger than 5 mm were 7.5%, 31.3%, and 16.3% in the LR, AP, and SI directions, respectively, compared to 8.8%, 15.0%, and 6.3% for post‐intervention. Large anatomical variations were observed for rectum and/or bladder, suggesting that localization without intervention may not be sufficient to ensure accurate targeting and sparing of rectum/bladder. Conclusion: Localization data from pre‐ and post‐intervention procedures show that for treatments that do not include intervention to correct for rectum/bladder anatomical variations, the CTV‐to‐PTV margin required is larger by 5 mm, and more rectum/bladder volumes are potentially at risk of radiation‐induced acute or late toxicity..
Successful Inclusion Teaching Social Skills Through Curriculum Integration

Meeting the instructional needs of exceptional students in general education classrooms is a complex process. The typical, traditional curriculum used in general education classrooms may not addres...
A semi-analytical method to study the temperature evolutions of a slab and a semi-infinite target for plasma immersion ion implantation

The problems of heating a slab of finite thickness and a semi-infinite target with repetitive high negative bias voltage pulses in contact with a plasma are solved by using the two-dimensional Laplace integral transform technique. The plasma is composed of a collisionless presheath and sheath on an electrically negative biased wall, which partially reflects and secondarily emits ions and electrons. The heating of the workpiece from the plasma accounting for the presheath and sheath is determined by kinetic analysis. This work proposes a semi-analytical model to calculate the temperature evolutions and the melting times of the front surface of a slab and a semi-infinite target, and provides quantitative results applicable to control the temperature evolutions and the melting times. The predicted surface temperature of the slab as a function of time is found to agree well with experimental data. The effects of dimensionless pulse parameters, including the pulse duty cycle and pulse bias voltage, on the melting time and heating rate of the front surface are obtained. The results show that the temperatures and heating rates of the front surface of the slab and target increase with pulse parameters. The melting times to initiate the melting at the front surface are strongly dependent on the pulse parameters. The heat flux transport to workpiece from plasma is important to increase the surface temperature of the workpiece when the bias voltage is switched-off for low pulse duty cycle and low pulse bias voltage. The temperature of the workpiece is underestimated when not accounting for the heating effects during the pulse-off duration for low value of pulse parameters.
The Job Satisfaction of Older Workers

Older workers re-entering the workforce and those changing jobs are coming to play an increasingly important role in the labor force, especially as part-time workers. Yet the work orientation and job satisfaction of these workers has not been studied. Do ‘situational’ factors such as skill and pay matter for this subgroup of workers, and if so, which ones? If significant factors exist, can their effect be explained by the mediating influence of ‘dispositional’ factors like work values? This paper explores these questions in a study of 198 older workers who had begun new, mostly part-time jobs. Regression analysis shows that the intrinsic indicators for skill and autonomy have a positive effect on job satisfaction. No extrinsic factor was significantly related to satisfaction, indicating that these workers are more than ‘instrumentally’ oriented. This support for a ‘situational’ interpretation of the impact of work, especially intrinsic features, was sustained in analyses which incorporated work values. To the extent that the growing number of part-time jobs are relatively low-skilled, and to the extent that older workers in new jobs are influenced most by intrinsically rewarding work, there appears to be a growing mismatch between an occupational niche and those who are being sought to fill it.
High school sweethearts: A study in separation and commitment

(1975). High school sweethearts: A study in separation and commitment. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology: Vol. 4, New Clinical-Community Practices, pp. 45-46.
Absorption of the Air for Light of Short Wave-lengths

IN his welt-known work on the absorption of the air for light of very short wave-lengths, Schumann has concluded that the opacity is due to oxygen, and that this gas, in thickness of a few millimetres, absorbs completely all wave-lengths shorter than about 1800 tenth-metres.
Native Americans in the Pennsylvania School Curriculum

In the 2000 U. S. Census, 18,348 people in Pennsylvania indicated that they were Native Americans, an increase of nearly 50% since 1990; another 34,302 identified themselves as "part-Indian." These numbers likely reflect a trend towards a greater acceptance of Native American status in the United States generally and in Pennsylvania in particular. This trend has been going on since the 1960s with the rise of the Red Power movement, and a changing American society that increasingly saw Native Americans as environmentally friendly and historically wronged. Today, in Pennsylvania, hardly a weekend goes by without a powwow or a tribal gathering somewhere in the state. In our on-going research with Pennsylvania's Native Americans since 2004, we have found them to be both proud of their identity and heritage and increasingly frustrated with the lack of recognition they receive from the state and the larger, non-Indian population. Pennsylvania is one of very few states that neither contains a reservation nor off...
Ferroelectric materials for microwave and millimeter wave applications

Ferroelectric materials are nonlinear dielectrics, having a dielectric constant which is a function of the electric field. The nonlinear behavior of these materials makes them candidates for the realization of advanced high frequency devices which can operate up to the millimeter range. Ferroelectrics have been successfully employed in many optical devices, but their application at high frequency has been limited, mostly due to the large bias voltage required to significantly change the electrical properties of the bulk material. However, today there are several new techniques available to produce ferroelectric thin films and thin ceramics which only require low or medium bias voltage. These processes open the way for development of a new family of devices which are fully compatible with conventional analog and digital electronic circuits. Use of tunable dielectric material finds applications in many new devices including tunable phase shifters, tunable filters, and tunable beam scan antennas. High quality thin films and thin ceramics of PbTiO3 (PTO), BaTiO3 (BTO), BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST), and PbxCa1-xTiO3 (PCT) have been produced and characterized. A 2.5 GHz tunable phase shifter, realized using BTO in microstrip configuration, is proposed and tested.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Site-Specific Scaling Relations for Hydrocarbon Adsorption on Hexagonal Transition Metal Surfaces

Screening a large number of surfaces for their catalytic performance remains a challenge, leading to the need for simple models to predict adsorption properties. To facilitate rapid prediction of h...
Reversible inhibition of RNA phage replication and macromolecular synthesis by levorphanol.

Abstract Reproduction of RNA phages MS2 and Q β and the synthesis of phage RNA and protein are markedly inhibited (>99%) by levorphanol. Even at concentrations which are virtually without effect on the host, phage yield is decreased 85–90%. Levorphanol is most effective when added before or at the time of infection, but no inhibition is observed when it is added 30 minutes or more after infection. Inhibition of phage reproduction is reversed when, even after exposure to levorphanol for an hour, the infected cells are washed free of drug. An effect of levorphanol on an early event in phage replication is postulated.
The distribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase in the retinal pigmented epithelium from chicken embryo is polarized in vivo but not in primary cell culture.

The polarity of retinal pigmented epithelia (RPE) from chicken embryos was studied in primary cell culture. Since cultured RPE approximates the morphological polarity of RPE in vivo, we investigated whether this polarity extends to the distribution of plasma membrane proteins that are peculiar to RPE. In contrast to other epithelia, the Na+,K+-ATPase of RPE is located in the apical rather than basolateral plasma membrane. To examine this property, we cultured RPE on extracellular matrix-coated filters. Primary cultures were compared to embryonic RPE in situ using electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence of frozen sections. The viability and morphology of RPE was improved by using a serum-free medium containing a bovine pituitary extract in conjunction with an extracellular matrix coating derived from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumors. Cultured RPE mimicked the morphology of RPE in vivo with microvilli and junctional complexes on the apical pole and infoldings along the basolateral plasma membrane. Functional tight junctions formed as demonstrated by an EDTA-sensitive, transepithelial electrical resistance, and by the retention of [3H]inulin added to the apical chamber. In 2 hr, only 4–6% of the [3H]inulin crossed the monolayer, compared to 24% in control filters. Despite these features of polarity, the Na+,K+-ATPase was detected in both apical and basolateral membranes by immunofluorescence. In embryonic eyes in which the neural retina was removed, the Na+,K+-ATPase was confined to the apical membrane. In addition, the polarity of cultured RPE was probed with vesicular stomatitis virus. In contrast to other epithelia, budding virus particles were observed emerging from the apical, as well as basolateral, domain further suggesting the cultured cells were only partially polarized. These data indicate that structural criteria are inadequate to determine if cultured RPE have become polarized in the same manner as the epithelium in vivo.
Requirements of a solar diffuser and measurements of some candidate materials

If the solar spectral irradiance and the orientation and directional reflectance of a solar diffuser are known, then the spectral radiance of the diffuser is readily calculated and it can be used for the accurate absolute calibration of a satellite sensor. However, the solar diffuser is exposed during in-flight satellite sensor calibration to high-energy ultraviolet irradiance, particle impacts and atomic oxygen effects. This paper describes desirable solar diffuser characteristics and the results of proton and UV irradiation on the directional-hemispheric spectral reflectance, the bidirectional spectral reflectance factor and the polarization properties of candidate diffuser materials.
On the regional stabilization of locally unstable predator-prey relationships.

The stabilizing effects of interhabitat migration and local population extinction are established by an analysis of the variable Pi, where P, refers to the proportion of habitats occupied by species i. This is followed by an analysis of the qualitative nature of changes in regional and local factors and their influence on establishing stable or unstable conditions. It is seen that the appropriate balance between interhabitat migration and local population extinction is capable of stabilizing an otherwise unstable predatorprey interaction in a wide variety of situations. 1. Intmduction The original equations of Lotka (1925) and Volterra (1926) relate predator density to prey density and predict structurally stable permanent oscillations. These solutions are unrealistic from a biological point of view because the trajectories are dictated by the boundary conditions. Addition of density dependent negative feedback to each population yields a system which exhibits damped oscillations. However, at least a few real cases are known where populations of predator and prey undergo oscillations of ever increasing amplitude until the system goes extinct. In fact it is this qualitative result which is most commonly obtained in artificially constructed laboratory situations of predator-prey interactions. Rozenzweig & MacArthur (1963) extended these basic equations by exploring the qualitative effects of adding positive density dependent feedback to the prey population. This results in unstable oscillatory conditions, as commonly observed in most laboratory systems. Thus, in general, mathematical models give the qualitative results that predator-prey systems should have damped oscillations if both predator and prey exhibit intraspecific negative density dependent feedback, unstable oscillations if the prey exhibits positive density dependent feedback. Lloyd (personal communication) has shown, for arthropod communities T.B.
Strategies used by breast cancer survivors to address work-related limitations during and after treatment.

Abstract Background The primary objective of this exploratory study was to delineate the broad range of adjustments women breast cancer survivors draw upon to minimize cancer-related limitations at the workplace. The study also analyzed whether survivors used strategies to address work-related limitations in isolation or in combination with other strategies, and whether they used formal or informal strategies. Methods Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 women who were employed at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer and who continued to work during treatment or returned to work. Interviews were conducted 3 to 24 months after diagnosis. An iterative process was used to systematically analyze the data (the transcripts) using qualitative methods. Findings Participants who worked during or after treatment adjusted their work schedule, performed fewer or other tasks, modified or changed their work environment, reduced non-work activities at the workplace, used cognitive prompts, and acted preemptively to make work tasks manageable after their return to work. Survivors used multiple adjustments and drew upon both formal and informal tactics to minimize or prevent cancer- or treatment-related effects from negatively affecting job performance. Conclusions Knowledge about the broad range of both formal and informal strategies identified in this study may enable health care and social services providers, as well as cancer survivors and employers, to identify a wide range of specific strategies that may reduce the negative effects of work-related limitations in specific work settings. Insights gained from this analysis should inform future research on work and cancer survivorship.
Isolation and mapping of the rabbit DM genes.

Proper peptide presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded class II antigens is dependent on the products of the MHC DM loci. We identified the rabbit orthologues (RLA-DMA and -DMB) of human HLA-DMA and -DMB and found that they have 76.9% and 78.8% identity with HLA-DMA and -DMB, respectively. Like classical class II MHC genes, RLA-DM genes are more closely related to human HLA-DM genes than to mouse H2-DM. Among the DM family, there is a high degree of variability at the amino terminus of the DMa chains, and length variability in the cytoplasmic tails of both DMα and DMβ. The rabbit DM genes are coexpressed with class II genes in lymphoid tissues, as are the DM genes of other mammals. The RLA-DM locus maps to the class II region of the rabbit MHC, and is flanked by the DP and DOB loci. Despite having some similarities to class II genes of bony fishes, the DM family represents a separate branch of the MHC class II family.
Use of runs statistics for pattern recognition in genomic DNA sequences.

In this article, the use of the finite Markov chain imbedding (FMCI) technique to study patterns in DNA under a hidden Markov model (HMM) is introduced. With a vision of studying multiple runs-related statistics simultaneously under an HMM through the FMCI technique, this work establishes an investigation of a bivariate runs statistic under a binary HMM for DNA pattern recognition. An FMCI-based recursive algorithm is derived and implemented for the determination of the exact distribution of this bivariate runs statistic under an independent identically distributed (IID) framework, a Markov chain (MC) framework, and a binary HMM framework. With this algorithm, we have studied the distributions of the bivariate runs statistic under different binary HMM parameter sets; probabilistic profiles of runs are created and shown to be useful for trapping HMM maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs). This MLE-trapping scheme offers good initial estimates to jump-start the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm in HMM pa...
Relation of the discrete subaortic stenosis position to mitral valve function.

1. Daliento L. Total correction of tetralogy of Fallot: late clinical follow-up. Ital Heart J 2002;3:24–27. 2. Rhodes J, Dave A, Pulling MC. Effect of pulmonary artery stenoses on the cardiopulmonary response to exercise following repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:1217–1219. 3. Carvalho JS, Shinebourne EA, Busst C, Rigby ML, Redington AN. Exercise capacity after complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot: deleterious effects of residual pulmonary regurgitation. Br Heart J 1992;60:57–65. 4. Dudekem Y, Rubay J, Ovaert C. Failure of right ventricular recovery of fallot patients after pulmonary valve replacement: delay of reoperation or surgical technique? J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:2008–2009. 5. Cheung YF, Leung MP, Lee JW, Chau AK, Yung TC. Evolving management for critical pulmonary stenosis in neonates and young infants. Cardiol Young 2000;10:186–192. 6. Yetman AT, Lee KJ, Hamilton R, Morrow WR, McCrindle BW. Exercise capacity after repair of tetralogy of Fallot in infancy. Am J Cardiol 2001;87: 1021–1023. 7. Unnithan VB, Wilson J, Buchanan D, Timmons JA, Paton JY. Validation of the Sensormedics metabolic cart for pediatric exercise testing. Can J Appl Physiol 1994;19:472–479. 8. Wasserman K. Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febinger, 1994:44. 9. O’Connor BK, Beekman RH, Lindauer A, Rocchini A. Intermediate-term outcome after pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty: comparison with a matched surgical control group. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;20:169–173. 10. Gatzoulis MA, Clark AL, Cullen S, Newman CG, Redington AN. Right ventricular diastolic function 15 to 35 years after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Restrictive physiology predicts superior exercise performance. Circulation 1995; 91:1775–1781.
Major element, rare earth element, and sulfur isotopic composition of a high-elevation firn core: Sources and transport of mineral dust in central Asia

[1] The arid region extending from the Caspian Sea into China contains some of the most extensive dust aerosol production areas in the world. Major element (Al, Fe, Ca, and S), rare earth element (REE), and isotopic (δ34S and δ18O) data from a 14.4-m-long firn core recovered on the Inilchek Glacier (Tien Shan Mountains, Kyrgyzstan; 5100-m elevation) are presented and used to investigate the composition, sources, and transport of mineral dust to this central Asian site. The combination of geochemical compositions points to three distinct types of mineral deposits (loess, calcium carbonate, and gypsum), which do not covary in a linear fashion during the period recorded in the firn core, (1992–1998). Loess, identified by its REE composition, is characterized by distinct large-scale deposition events and by ubiquitous background deposition at other times. Significant interannual-scale variability is evident, with the two largest loess events occurring within a single accumulation year, (1997) and background conditions prevailing during 1994–1996. REE compositions, specifically Nd/Yb ratios, point to multiple sources and transport directions of loess to Inilchek Glacier. Nonloess sources provide a significant fraction of the total Ca and S deposited at the Inilchek Glacier. Hence the downcore profiles of Ca and S reflect variability in the deposition of calcium carbonate and gypsum. Differences in the sulfur isotopic composition (δ34S) of high dust period (+15.0‰) and low (background) dust period (+5.4‰) samples provide strong evidence for two sources of sulfate. The former isotopic composition reflects a marine evaporite source of which there are many to the west of the Tien Shan Mountains. The latter composition indicates that a major portion of the atmospheric SO42− was derived from anthropogenic emissions. While the deposition of non-loess Ca (calcite) and non-loess S (gypsum) is also high during the periods of high loess deposition, there is pronounced Ca and S variability during background loess periods, (1994–1996). We suggest that the observed geochemical variability in the firn core can be explained by changes in local- to regional-scale atmospheric circulation and associated transport from multiple dust sources (western Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan versus the Taklimakan Desert, China).
Designs for micro-structured semiconductor neutron detectors

Perforated semiconductor diode detectors have been under development for several years at Kansas State University for a variety of neutron detection applications. The fundamental device configuration is a pin diode detector fabricated from high-purity float-zone refined Si wafers. Perforations are etched into the diode surface with inductively-coupled plasma reactive ion etching and backfilled with 6LiF neutron reactive material. The perforation shapes and depths can be optimized to yield a flat response to neutrons over a wide variation of angles. The intrinsic thermal neutron detection efficiency depends strongly upon the geometry, size, and depth of the perforations. Here three basic geometry models are compared. The energy deposition spectra and detection efficiency are estimated for rod-shaped perforations, linear trench perforations and for perforations leaving silicon pillars. These three designs are found to have distinct differences in their capabilities. Besides model calculations, practical considerations for fabricating such neutron detectors are also discussed.© (2008) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning

Two simple methods that are clinically useful for analyzing impaired memory and learning are selective reminding or restricted reminding. These new methods provide simultaneous analysis of storage, retention, and retrieval during verbal learning because they let the patient show learning by spontaneous retrieval without csnfounding by continual presentation. Because selective reminding and restricted reminding let the patient show consistent retrieval without any further presentation, they also distinguish list learning from item learning, so that impaired memory and learning can be analyzed further in terms of two stages of learning (item and list).
Enteropathogens associated with pediatric diarrhea in Mexico City

Enteropathogens were investigated as possible agents in pediatric diarrhea occurring in Mexico Cityduring the summer of 1975. Pathogens were identified in 47 (76%) of 62 cases. Rotavirus particles were detected in 16 cases. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was detected in 29 cases; 11 were positive for heatlabile enterotoxin and 18 were positive for only the heat-stable form of enterotoxin. Multiple pathogens were found simultaneously in 15 (24%) of the study population. This study indicates that the etiology of pediatric summertime diarrhea in Mexico City is diverse. ETEC and RV were the most frequently encountered pathogens, yet they frequently occurred together and with other pathogens. ST-only strains of toxigenic E. coli were as frequently recovered as LT- E. coli suggesting that both forms of ETEC must be sought in future field studies.
Investigation of the carrier escape and capture processes in InGaAsN quantum well lasers

Carrier escape times in InGaAsN and InGaAs quantum wells lasers were measured by pump-probe transmission methods, and the findings showed good agreement with thermionic carrier escape model.
Studies of vertebral coronal cleft in rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata

Dissection and serial section-reconstruction preparations from vertebrae with coronal cleft of a 25/12>-year-old girl with rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata are described. The cartilage plate be...
MAO inhibition and the effects of centrally administered LSD, serotonin, and 5-methoxytryptamine on the conditioned avoidance response in rats.

Pretreatment with the MAO-inhibitors iproniazid, clorgyline, or deprenyl abolishes the effects of LSD on the conditioned avoidance response (CAR) in rats. The effects of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT) are greatly potentiated by these substances. Brain levels of LSD are not affected by MAO inhibition whereas levels of 5-HT and 5-MT are significantly elevated. It is postulated that the decreased behavioral response to LSD is the result of ‘MAO inhibitor-induced’ changes whereas the increased response of 5-HT and 5-MT results from increased brain levels of these compounds.
Generating Self-Scheduling Code for Nonloop Parallelism

This paper examines nonloop parallelism at both fine and coarse levels of granularity in ordinary Fortran programs. Dynamic self-scheduling algorithms are developed for acyclic task graphs containing both data- and control-dependences, along with the compiler optimizations necessary to make these practical. It is shown that practical algorithms based on atomicfetch-and-? operations to a single shared variable, similar in spirit to dynamic loop dispatching algorithms, are possible for acyclic task graphs. Further, they generalize easily todoacrossloops. A key requirement is the use of compiler algorithms to optimize the task graphs. We show that although exact redundant dependence removal is theoretically NP-hard, the practical complexity on actual codes is small. Performance-related measurements are given to characterize the algorithms on a set of standard benchmark codes.
Resolution of radiolabeled molecular species of phospholipid in human platelets: Effect of thrombin

Resolution of individual molecular species of human platelet 1,2-diradyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines and 1,2-diradyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamines by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) allowed a thorough analysis of those phospholipids labeled with [3H]arachidonic acid. Approximately 54% and 16% of the total incorporated radiolabel was found in choline glycerophospholipids and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids, respectively, with ca. 90% of this being found in the 1,2-diacyl molecular species. Eighty percent of [3H]-arachidonic acid incorporated into 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in resting platelets was equally distributed between 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl and 2-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, while 70% of the radiolabel in 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine was found in 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. Thrombin stimulation (5 U/ml for 5 min) resulted in deacylation of all 1-acyl-2-[3H]arachidonoyl molecular species of 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethanolamine. There was also a slight increase in 1-O-alkyl-2-[3H]arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and a significant increase in 1-O-alk-1′-enyl-2-[3H]arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine molecular species of over 300%. Thus, HPLC methodology indicates that arachidonoyl-containing molecular species of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are the major source of arachidonic acid in thrombin-stimulated human platelets, while certain ether phospholipid molecular species become enriched in arachidonate.
Linear-Dendritic Poly(ester)-block-poly(ether)-block-poly(ester) ABA Copolymers Constructed by a Divergent Growth Method1

The divergent synthesis of amphiphilic linear-dendritic block copolymers, LDBCs, that contain linear poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, and dendritic poly(benzyl ester)s is explored in this report. First [G1]- and second [G2]-generation LDBCs are constructed from PEG with a molecular weight of 5000 Da and 3,5-dioxy benzoate as the fundamental dendritic repeat unit. The synthetic strategy is based on the initial coupling of the protected monomer 3,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)benzoyl chloride to PEG (yield 98%) followed by removal of the silyl protective groups under mild conditions to give (HO) 2 [G1]-PEG5K-[G1](OH) 2 , yield 97%. Subsequent coupling of the acid chloride monomer proceeds with 96% yield, and the final deprotection yields 94% of pure (HO) 4 [G 2 ]-PEG5K-[G 2 ](OH)4. Two different chemical reactions (acid-alcohol and alcohol-halide interaction) are evaluated as possible routes to facile surface modification of the aromatic polyester monodendrons.
Child-Sex Tourism, HIV/AIDS, and Social Justice in India

And because I am happy and dance and sing, they think they have done me no injury. —William Blake, Songs of Experience Basanti is fourteen years old. But she has probably seen more of the world tha...
Scalable synthesis and surface stabilization of Li2MnO3 NWs as high rate cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

Li2MnO3 nanowires (NWs) are synthesized using a scalable two-step process involving a solvo-plasma technique, utilizing inexpensive precursors such as commercially available MnO2 microparticle powders and KCl, followed by a solid state lithiation process. Lithium manganese oxide (Li2MnO3) nanowires exhibited high capacity retention of 120 mA h g−1 in the 2–4.5 V voltage window even at high C-rates such as 20 C. The specific capacity of the Li2MnO3 NWs gradually increased with cycling and subsequently stabilized. Further, the Li2MnO3 NW cathodes exhibited no loss in the capacity for 100 cycles with close to 100% coulombic efficiency. Most importantly, single crystalline Li2MnO3 nanowires with short transport length scales for Li, O and Mn atoms along the radial direction allow for the formation of a thick and conformal LiMn2O4 shell resulting in increased capacity, excellent capacity retention and high coulombic efficiencies.
Diffraction from Embedded Reflectors in Li-Baker HFGW Detector

Abstract Recent experimentation and speculation about the design of a sensitive detector for high-frequency gravitational waves (HFGW) has centered around a number of principles. Those detectors that have been built so far have not yet realized sensitivity sufficient to investigate the cosmic high-frequency relic gravitational wave background, analogous to the cosmic microwave background. A proposal for a more sensitive HFGW detector due to Baker and based upon a principle first enunciated by Li and co-workers has become known as the Li-Baker detector. Its possible design details are currently the subject of scientific debate. One significant aspect concerns the design of the reflector(s) needed to direct the photons produced by the incident HFGW towards a set of microwave receivers. If the reflector(s) is(are) placed within a Gaussian microwave beam, then they become sources of diffraction that can potentially overpower the required signal because the diffracted power will not be distinguishable from photons produced by interaction with the HFGW. This means that diffraction is potentially a source of shot noise at the microwave receivers and, if extreme, may also swamp the receivers. In this paper some estimates of this diffraction are obtained and the design of the reflector(s) is discussed. The Li-Baker detector must be designed in such a way that the diffraction reaching the microwave receivers is reduced as far as possible by employing a suitable geometry and highly absorbent walls for the interaction volume.
Customized warranty policies for heterogeneous populations

Warranty policies are typically optimized under the assumption that customer populations are homogeneous—each customer's time to failure is calculated from the same probability distribution. A more realistic approach to the study of optimal warranty duration leads to the consideration of heterogeneous customer populations, where customers can be divided into groups, with each group following a separate failure distribution. This situation can be addressed in two ways. First, the individual failure distributions can be used to find optimal warranty durations for each customer group. Second, the distributions of the groups can be mixed to form a single distribution, used to optimize a warranty policy for the entire population. In this study, our objective is to analyze the economic impact of implementing a customized warranty policy. We begin by calculating failure distributions for each customer group that are dependent on the differentiating customer characteristic as well as one for the entire population. In addition, we develop a demand curve that is a function of the warranty duration and a profit function that utilizes demand, population, and failure properties to determine the total profit generated by each customer group. We can maximize this profit by changing the duration of the warranty to find an optimal warranty policy for each of these customer profiles. The same profit optimization is then used to develop a warranty policy for the overall distribution situation. We find that the implementation of customized warranty policies increases the profitability of the system when operating under the assumption that customization does not change the demand profile.
Sample size calculations in randomised trials: mandatory and mystical

Summary Investigators should properly calculate sample sizes before the start of their randomised trials and adequately describe the details in their published report. In these a-priori calculations, determining the effect size to detect—eg, event rates in treatment and control groups—reflects inherently subjective clinical judgments. Furthermore, these judgments greatly affect sample size calculations. We question the branding of trials as unethical on the basis of an imprecise sample size calculation process. So-called underpowered trials might be acceptable if investigators use methodological rigor to eliminate bias, properly report to avoid misinterpretation, and always publish results to avert publication bias. Some shift of emphasis from a fixation on sample size to a focus on methodological quality would yield more trials with less bias. Unbiased trials with imprecise results trump no results at all. Clinicians and patients deserve guidance now.