cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preaching to the Choir: The Responsibility to Share WIE Research with Female Students

Research conducted over the last few decades by engineering educators and social scientists has culminated into a rich and diverse cache of knowledge about the issues facing women in engineering. While this knowledge is shared extensively among university and industry personnel, it is not systematically disseminated to the population that such information most directly affects: the women engineering students themselves. This paper introduces the concept of "preaching" - the sharing of women in engineering research knowledge with women engineering students - and asks if it is our right and responsibility to preach. While there exist a few compelling reasons to keep research findings behind closed doors, this paper argues that there are a multitude of communication, edification, and coping benefits to preaching. This paper also discusses the utilization of various research findings for the purpose of preaching. As a theoretical introduction of preaching, the discussion presented here is the first step in developing a fresh set of tools for the retention of women in engineering
Vascular remodelling after cardiac transplantation: a 3-year serial intravascular ultrasound study.

AIMS: To assess the time-course of intimal hyperplasia and vascular remodelling, and their relative contributions on luminal narrowing in transplant coronary artery disease (TCAD) by a 3-year serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Serial IVUS examinations were performed in 90 cardiac transplant recipients at 1.4+/-0.6 months after transplantation and again annually thereafter for 3 years. From 90 arteries, 304 sites were matched from baseline to the third year post-transplant. Based on the change in external elastic membrane (EEM) area +/-10% at 1 year, 304 sites were divided into three groups: sites with no remodelling (52%); early constrictive remodelling (26%); and early compensatory enlargement (22%). Greater intimal growth was seen at 1 year in sites with early compensatory enlargement, whereas there was no change in intimal area in sites with early constrictive remodelling. Over 3 years, the cumulative lumen loss was greater in sites with early constrictive remodelling than in sites with early compensatory enlargement or no remodelling (P<0.001). When luminal narrowing occurred for each annual interval, the contribution from the decrease in EEM area was greater than that due to intimal thickening (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: During the first 3 years post-transplant, the largest intimal growth occurs in the first year, mostly in sites with early compensatory enlargement. The contribution to luminal loss in TCAD is greater from constrictive remodelling than from intimal hyperplasia. The type of remodelling pattern that occurs in transplanted coronary arteries within the first year post-transplant may be a predictor of the progression of luminal narrowing during subsequent years.
The Doha Round and Preference Erosion: A Symposium

The trade and welfare impacts of multilateral liberalization on individual countries and groups within countries depend on many factors-including the depth of liberalization by trading partners, the extent of countries' own reforms, the responsiveness of investors to changes in relative prices and market opportunities, and actions by governments to reduce real trade costs. The magnitude of erosion will depend on a variety of factors, including the product and country coverage of preferential schemes, the level of most favored nation restrictions in the markets granting preferential access, the administrative costs associated with using preference programs, the incidence of any preference rents, the depth of liberalization realized in Doha, and the existence of and changes in reciprocal trade agreements. Moreover, the value of preferences is better measured by income earned-what matters is the impact on the price actually received by the exporters because the pass-through of preferential access is likely to be incomplete.
Antegrade thoracic stent grafting during repair of acute Debakey type I dissection promotes distal aortic remodeling and reduces late open distal reoperation rate

Objective Previously, we showed that antegrade stent grafting of the descending thoracic aorta during DeBakey type I dissection repair improves distal aortic remodeling. We assessed midterm outcomes of this reconstructive strategy compared with standard open repair. Methods DeBakey type I dissections (non-Marfan, nontotal arch cases only) from 2005 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred eighty patients underwent standard open repair (standard group), and 62 patients underwent open repair plus stenting (stented group). Open repair entailed ascending aorta plus transverse hemiarch reconstruction under circulatory arrest, with variable aortic root work. Data was prospectively maintained. Results Preoperative parameters were similar. Patients in the stented group had longer circulatory arrest time and higher utility of antegrade cerebral perfusion ( P P = .51), stroke (5% vs 8%; P = .6), and paraplegia (0% vs 1%; P = 1) were similar in the stented versus standard groups. Mean follow-up was 2.7 ± 2.3 and 2.2 ± 2.1 years. Actuarial survival in stented versus standard groups at 1 and 7 years was 86% versus 81% and 76% versus 60% ( P = .5). Thoracic aorta false lumen obliteration was improved in the stented group (82% vs 39%; P P = .1). Endovascular distal aortic reintervention rate was higher in the stented group (18% vs 3%; P = .008), with zero mortality. Conclusions Antegrade stent graft deployment during acute DeBakey type I dissection repair is safe method to promote distal aortic remodeling without increasing postoperative or midterm mortality. This technique provides increased freedom from open distal aortic reoperations compared with standard open repair.
Novel cellulose derivatives. IV. Preparation and thermal analysis of waxy esters of cellulose

Cellulose esters with linear aliphatic acyl substituents ranging in size from C12 (lauric acid) to C20 (eicosanoic acid) were prepared in homogeneous solution (DMAc/LiCl) using a novel synthetic method based on the use of a mixed p-toluenesulfonic/carboxylic acid anhydride. The resulting waxy cellulose esters had a high degree of substitution (DS), between 2.8 and 2.9, and showed little degradation. Thermal analysis of these cellulose derivatives by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) revealed a series of transitions that represented motion by both ester substituents and cellulosic main chain. Broad crystallization and melting transitions attributed to side-chain crystallinity were observed in the range between −19 and +55°C; these side-chain Tm and Tc transition temperatures increased by 10°C per carbon atom of the ester substituent. The Tg of these derivatives increased linearly with increasing substituent size from 94°C for C12 (cellulose laurate) to 134°C for C20 (cellulose eicosanoate). Evidence of “main-chain” crystallization was not observed for these samples, except in the case of peracetylated C12 and C14 esters, which had Tm values of 96°C and 107°C, respectively. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Statistical Theory for the Strength of Twisted Fiber Bundles with Applications to Yarns and Cables

This paper describes a statistical model for the strength of twisted bundles of stiff fibers. The model evolves from the classic model for bundle strength and is most applicable for short bundles with low friction between filaments; however, the model is believed to yield insight into the strength behavior of longer yarns and cables. The individual filaments follow helical paths and are assumed to vary randomly in strength and slack. In twisted yarns the filament slack is introduced to model the resulting effects of incomplete filament migration during twisting, though certain parameters are difficult to estimate experimentally. As bundle size increases, bundle strength is asymptotically normally dis tributed, and the asymptotic mean and variance are given. In a first application we consider the strength of twisted yarns under typical assumptions for stiff aramid fibers. Random variation in fiber strength and imperfect fiber migration yield dramatic reductions in yarn-strength efficiency as the yarn helix...
Component Contracts in Service-Oriented Architectures

For SOAs to reach their full potential, the basic interoperable framework must accommodate meaningful quality-of-service contracts. Work on both industry-specific standards and semantic Web services is still needed to fully meet that goal. At the core of service-oriented architectures (SOAs) are distributed software components provided or accessed by independent third parties. Because access is not limited to a specific organization, explicit component contracts and universally adopted standards must support third-party access. Although such contracts could cover any technical or business aspect of service interaction, the current focus is on quality-of-service (QoS) policies. From an SOA point of view, we must consider two separate aspects of the use of QoS policies: interoperability between components, which is the subject of the Web services specifications stack; and composition, which composition models, such as the service component architecture (SCA).
Uncertain prospects: rates of return in the baseball draft.

This study uses a unique data set and valuation method to quantify returns to teams in baseball’s high-stakes, high-risk amateur draft. Thanks to teams’ monopsony power over draftees and low-senior...
Technologically evolving industrial equipment fabricators: their foreign involvement

In the United States fabrication shops build equipment to client specifications. Once their growth and profitability were closely aligned with those of their clients who were generally the larger firms. Now that most of these clients import their needs from abroad, fabrication shops need to compete on their own in both domestic and foreign markets. In order to help them achieve their goal, we need to have some understanding of their internal development and further identify possible barriers to their foreign involvement. To this end, a conceptual model with several operational and planning variables, to discriminate fabrication shops that service foreign markets from those that do not, is postulated and empirically tested. Policy implications of the study findings are discussed briefly. Limitations of the statistical procedures and possible future work are outlined.
A two-barrier compartment model for volume flow across amphibian skin

The amphibian skin has long been used as a model tissue for the study of ion transport and osmotic water movement across tight epithelia. To understand the mechanism of water uptake across amphibia...
Democracy and violence in Brazil

Democracy has expanded remarkably throughout the world during the last quarter of the twentieth century. In 1972, there were fifty-two electoral democracies, constituting 33 percent of the world's 160 sovereign nation-states. By 1996, the number had risen to 118 electoral democracies out of 191 states, or 62 percent of the total, for a net gain of 66 democratic states. Among the larger countries with a population of one million people or more, the number of political democracies nearly tripled during the same period. We derive these data on electoral democracies from the annual world surveys that Freedom House has compiled systematically since 1972. Although crucial in its own right, we are critical of the electoral approach in evaluating democracy, as will become clear below. If it took two hundred years of political change from the Age of Revolution to 1970 to generate about fifty new democratic states, it has taken only ten years since the mid-1980s to yield the same number again. This movement of political democratization has swept over every region of the globe, taking root in societies with very different cultures and histories, from Papua New Guinea to Botswana, Brazil, and Bulgaria. In the one region where it has not transformed the nature of national rule, the Middle East, it has nevertheless generated a plethora of local democratic projects and debates. At the end of the millennium, democracy has indisputably become a global value adopted by the most diverse societies.
Power allocation and relay selection in cooperative wireless networks

We propose in this paper, a strategy to minimize the total transmit power in a decode-and-forward (DF) multi-user, multi-relay cooperative uplink, such that each user satisfies its data rate. The base station performs optimal relay selection and also allocates optimal source and relay transmit powers by using the proposed algorithm. The relay selection is based upon the instantaneous user to base station channels, inter-user channels and also the target rates of the users. The simulation results indicate significant power savings over a non-cooperative uplink, under proposed joint relay selection and power minimization algorithm in a DF cooperative uplink when using a space-time coded cooperative diversity.
New tools in an old trade: CS1 pilus morphogenesis.

CS1 pili serve as the prototype for a large class of serologically distinct pili associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that cause diarrhoea in humans. The four genes essential for CS1 pilus morphogenesis, cooB, A, C and D, are arranged in an operon and encode structural and assembly proteins unlike those of other pilus systems commonly associated with Gram-negative bacteria. CS1 pili are composed primarily of the major pilin subunit, CooA, which determines the serological type of the pilus. The major pilin subunit is assembled into pili by the proteins CooB, CooC and CooD. CooD is both a minor component found at the pilus tip and an essential assembly protein, whereas CooC is an outer membrane protein thought to be involved in pilin transport. CooB is a novel periplasmic chaperone-like protein that forms intermolecular complexes with and stabilizes the major and minor pilins. Unlike other pilin chaperones, CooB also stabilizes the outer membrane component of the assembly system, CooC. The proteins of CS1 pili have no significant homology to those of the well-characterized Pap (pyelonephritis-associated) pili and related systems, although most of the features of pilus morphogenesis are similar. Therefore, these appear to be among the rare cases of convergent evolution. Thus, for CS1 pili, enterotoxigenic E. coli use new protein ‘tools’ in the old ‘trade’ of forming functional pili.
Dynamic Observation of Atomic-Level Events in Cadmium Telluride by High Resolution Tem

ABSTRACTA conventional 120 keV high resolution TEM equipped with a TV camera has been used to make lattice resolution video recordings of cadmium telluride in the orientation.The motion of dislocations and the migration of atomic species at the edge of the crystal have been studied. These processes are thought to be induced in the crystal by localized heating of the specimen by the electron beam. The observations are made on a TV monitor at a total magnification of 15 million times.
Validating outdoor workers' self-report of sun protection.

Abstract Background. Few studies assessing sun safety behaviors have used validated survey instruments. Using an observational strategy, this study measured the validity of self-report of occupational sun protection behaviors. Methods. Postal workers ( N = 1,036) self-reported their frequency of protective clothing and sunglasses use during the past 5 workdays on Likert scales ranging from “Never” to “Always”. Responses were dichotomized by Always vs. all other responses. Data collectors observed these same behaviors during mail delivery several days before survey administration. Agreement between the two measures was computed. Results. Self-report for all items was significantly related to observed behaviors, with Kappa values in the good to excellent range (Kappas = 0.51–0.83). Conclusions. For outdoor postal workers, survey items assessing recent occupational use of sun-protective items had high levels of validity.
Trajectory sensitivity analysis of hybrid systems

The development of trajectory sensitivity analysis for hybrid systems, such as power systems, is presented in the paper. A hybrid system model which has a differential-algebraic-discrete (DAD) structure is proposed. This model forms the basis for the subsequent sensitivity analysis. Crucial to the analysis is the development of jump conditions describing the behavior of sensitivities at discrete events, such as switching and state resetting. The efficient computation of sensitivities is discussed. A number of examples are presented to illustrate various aspects of the theory. It is shown that trajectory sensitivities provide insights into system behavior which cannot be obtained from traditional simulation.
When a test is too good: how CT pulmonary angiograms find pulmonary emboli that do not need to be found

#### Summary box For decades clinicians have been taught that pulmonary embolism—defined by the National Institutes of Health as a “sudden blockage in a lung artery”1—always matters and to be vigilant because a missed embolism can be fatal.2 When a patient presents with shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, tachycardia, or signs of right heart strain, clinicians are trained to think “pulmonary embolism.” Because these symptoms and signs are neither sensitive nor specific, scoring systems (such as the Wells criteria) have been developed to help clinicians decide which patients to scan,3 although …
Chalcogenide-Based Memristive Device Control of a Lego Mindstorms NXT Servo Motor

We have developed, fabricated, and packaged memristive devices comprised of chalcogenide materials and used these devices in practical simple circuit applications in order to characterize their operational behavior. In this work, we describe the use of these memristive devices in the control of a LEGO Mindstorm NXT servo motor. By characterizing the behavior of our memristive devices within well controlled and isolated tests, we have successfully built a memristor programming and reading circuit out of commonly available off the shelf parts and explored the behavior of our memristive device by using a LEGO Mindstorms NXT’s 10-bit analog to digital converter to read the state of the memristor. Using the NXT, we are able to stream data to a computer for large-time-scale memristive behavior logging and to control the speed of an NXT servo motor with the state of a memristor.
Josephson Effect in Low-Capacitance Tunnel Junctions

In a broad discussion of Josephson junctions, many regimes exist, distinguished by the relative magnitudes of various parameters. Characteristic energies are the Josephson energy E j , the charging energy E c = e 2/2C, and the thermal energy k B T. Equally important are the characteristic resistances: the normal state resistance R n , the quantum resistance1 R q = h/4e 2 = 6453 Ω, and the impedance of free space Z o = 377 Ω. The fact that Z o ≪ Rq implies that quantum effects are hard to observe, even in high resistance junctions, unless the junction is buffered from the low electromagnetic impedance of its leads. Recently, several groups have accomplished this to a considerable extent by inserting physically small isolating resistors of high resistance in series with the leads in the immediate vicinity of the junction. Because of stray capacitance effects, however, effective high impedance filters at microwave frequencies are not simple to achieve, and the extensive and systematic early experiments of the Harvard group were made with essentially direct connection to leads, which presumably acted as transmission lines characterized by characteristic impedances of order Z o . These data could be, and were, explained in terms of quantum effects related to delocalization of phase by single electron charging energies. Now, with the general recognition of the importance of transmission line effects and the development of more comprehensive theories, the interpretation of these data needs to be reexamined.
The Russian Orthodox Church and Society: Moral Cooperation or Ethical Conflict?

The past and the present of Russian society clearly demonstrate a lack of social ethics. By social ethics, we have in mind the self-regulation of social relations, not through coercion exercised by legal institutions but with the help of social actors' own inner mechanisms for coordinating interactions. These mechanisms develop out of complex means of coordinating traditions, social ideals, and relevant social goals and a collective view of reality. Only at first glance does this permanent discourse (discussion, criticism, and acknowledgment of values) appear to go on spontaneously. It also has an institutional dimension, which is determined by norm-setting institutions. There must be a certain distance between political and legal institutions that service values and norm-setting institutions that create them. The failure to establish such distance can paralyze the socio-ethical discourse, turning it into a totalitarian diktat. 1
Ratite Production as an Agricultural Enterprise

Economic principles relating to the production of ratites are reviewed. This article will consider expenses, overhead and profitability when evaluating a ratite enterprise.
The incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis. II. A 13-year survey including 2 years during which blood donors were screened by means of liver function studies.

Incompatibility, bacterial contamination, and transmission of homologous serum hepatitis (H.S.H.) are generally regarded as the most common causes of severe, or possibly fatal complications, directly attributable to blood transfusions. The importance of H.S.H. in this respect is emphasized by the following data. In this hospital, the last death attributable to transfusion of incompatible blood occurred in April 1941. The incompatibility was the result of Rh sensitization in a woman who had had 3 erythroblastotic newborns, and who was transfused because of severe hemorrhage, following abortion. The patient received blood from her husband without regard to Rh type; the incomplete Rh antibodies escaped detection because at that time only the saline crossmatch was performed. From that date of July 31, 195G, there have been 24,464 consecutive transfusions of whole blood or packed cells without a death which could be reasonably attributed to transfusion of incompatible blood on the basis of our method of followup of all transfusions. During the same period, transfusion of heavily contaminated
Aluminas Rehydration and Dehydration

In this review paper, results on the Al2O3-interactions will be critically examined. The synthesis of alumina precursors rich in structural defects can be operated in an aqueous solution containing ligands with high affinity for % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngB % PrgifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0x % c9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8fr % Fve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaacaqGbb % GaaeiBamaaDaaaleaacaqGHbGaaeyCaaqaaiaaiodacqGHRaWkaaaa % aa!3D02! $${\text{Al}}_{{\text{aq}}}^{3 +} $$ or by restricted hydrolysis of Al-alkoxides. Calcination of the gels yields transition aluminas containing four (IV), five (V) and six (VI) fold coordinated aluminum. The pore-size distribution, the Alv content and the degree of crystallinity are controlled by the degree of condensation of the oligomer species in the gel. In a dehydrated alumina two kinds of AlIV with isotropic chemical shifts at ~73 and 58 ppm, respectively, are present. The distorted AlIV (chemical shift at 58 ppm) and Alv are surface species. Upon water chemisorption the distorted AlIV line disappears while the Alv line is reinforced. As bulk rehydration progresses the Alv line intensity decreases. It is only partially restored upon recalcination. Thus, hydration-rehydration cycles cure the solid from its defects and increase crystallinity. The onset of rehydration is the chemisorption of water on the surface Lewis sites just as Lewis sites result from a thorough dehydration.
Characterization of an NADH-Dependent Persulfide Reductase from Shewanella loihica PV-4: Implications for the Mechanism of Sulfur Respiration via FAD-Dependent Enzymes .

The NADH-dependent persulfide reductase (Npsr), a recently discovered member of the PNDOR family of flavoproteins that contains both the canonical flavoprotein reductase domain and a rhodanese doma...
The study of adjustable spathic micro-laser(SMLD)

Based on the rate equations of Cr4+: YAG passively Q-switched Nd3+:YAG micro-laser,the laser output characteristics of the spathic micro-laser were studied numerically.The factors of the reflection of output couple,the initial transmission of the absorber,the pumping speed and the pumping area were studied numerically respectively.The calculations show that the pulse width of the output pulse is made certain when the laser module is confirmed.And also when the pumping area is changed,the pulse energy,peak power and pulse repetition are changed.However,the change of pumping velocity can only change the pulse repetition.At last,the concept design of the adjustable spathic micro-laser was made.
Delayed Rupture of Type I Posterior Urethral Injury: Case Report

Type I posterior urethral injuries are a frequently noted but infrequently reported entity in the setting of pelvic fracture. Almost all of these injuries will do well with Foley catheter drainage. However, the urethral integrity as established by admission retrograde urethrography is not an unalterable state and serious septic sequelae may be noted if the evolving injury is unrecognized. We report a case of delayed rupture of a type I posterior urethral injury causing infection of the pelvic hematoma and subsequent sepsis.
The effect of aqueous progesterone on operative adhesion formation.

Progesterone (P) has been shown to have antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. This study was designed to evaluate these effects on operative adhesion formation. Forty guinea pigs received standardized injuries to their uterine horns. Four groups were examined. Normal saline was used as an irrigant in the first, or control, group. Aqueous P (50mg or 1ml) was dripped over the injured site and instilled intraperitoneally in the second group. The third group received intramuscular aqueous P (3.3 mg/kg body weight) 1 day postoperatively, the day of surgery, and either 6 or 13 days postoperatively until reexploration. In the fourth group 1ml of 32% dextran 70 (Hyskon) was administered in the same manner as aqueous P in the second group. The animals in all groups were reexplored 1 or 2 weeks after the initial surgical procedure, and the adhesions were scored. Adhesion formation was significantly reduced ( P
HIV protease mutations leading to reduced inhibitor susceptibility.

Human immunodeficiency viruses have infected millions of people world-wide, and infection almost invariably leads, over a several year time frame, to progression to AIDS with high mortality.
Meiotic Maturation of Mouse Oocytes in Vitro

“Meiotic maturation” of mouse oocytes takes place during the final phase of oogenesis and refers specifically to the process of nuclear progression from the diplotene (“dictyate”) stage of the first meiotic prophase to metaphase II. Meiotic maturation is characterized by dissolution of the nuclear (germinal vesicle) membrane, condensation of diffuse chromosomes into distinct bivalents, alignment of chromosomes on the metaphase I spindle, separation of homologous chromosomes and emission of the first polar body, and arrest of nuclear progression at metaphase II (Fig. 1). In the sexually mature female mouse, fully-grown oocytes in Graafian follicles resume meiosis and undergo meiotic maturation just prior to ovulation. The resumption of meiosis can be mediated by a hormonal stimulus in vivo or simply by the release of oocytes from their ovarian follicles into a suitable culture medium in vitro (1,2).
Don’t Know What You’ve Got ’Til It’s Gone: Evidence in Stem Cell Experiments

As Chapter 2 showed, exemplary methods for identifying stem cells share a basic structure of three stages (Figure 3.1). The starting point is a multicellular organism — the source of cells. From this source, cells are extracted and the values of some of their characters measured. These cells (or a sample thereof) are then manipulated so as to realize capacities for self-renewal and differentiation. Each experiment involves two manipulations. In the first, cells are removed from their original organismal context and placed in a new environment in which their traits can be measured. In the second, measured cells are transferred to yet a third environmental context, which allows stem cell capacities to be realized. Finally, the amount of self-renewal and differentiation is measured. Stem cell experiments43 thus consist of two manipulations, each followed by measurements. The objects manipulated are cells from some organismal source.
Ellison From the Heart of Europe

The use of birth and rebirth as a trope to represent historical change or to demarcate historical periods is not new. But the metaphor has held the USA in a particularly tight grasp since the late nineteenth century. At the end of Reconstruction in 1877, the fires that forged the USA’s present sense of modernity burned particularly hot. The country’s identity as a modern place with modern people is partially bound up with the ascendant valuation of rational, scientific modes of inquiry and industrial capitalism. Alongside this industrial modernity, American scholars and industrialists also yoked the country’s identity to newly forged intellectual ties to classical Renaissance antiquity. It is in the late nineteenth-century historiography of Jacob Burckhardt and his The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1867) that we first find the identification of the Italian medieval period as a “renaissance.” And as Jonathan Arac writes in “F.O. Matthiessen: Authorizing an American Renaissance”, Burckhardt’s intellectual influence had an effect on the way Americans undertook classical studies as well as the way Americans saw themselves connected to the ancient past (94).
A Sketching-Based Approach for Debugging Using Test Cases

Manually locating and removing bugs in faulty code is often tedious and error-prone. Despite much progress in automated debugging, developing effective debugging techniques remains a challenge. This paper introduces a novel approach that uses a well-known program synthesis technique to automate debugging. As inputs, our approach takes a program and a test suite (with some passing and some failing tests), similar to various other recent techniques. Our key insight is to reduce the problem of finding a fix to the problem of program sketching. We translate the faulty program into a sketch of the correct program, and use off-the-shelf sketching technology to create a program that is correct with respect to the given test cases. The experimental evaluation using a suite of small, yet complex programs shows that our prototype embodiment of our approach is more effective than previous state-of-the-art.
Improve timing margins on multi-rank DDR3 RDIMM using read-on die termination sequencing

Modern computer systems have large amounts of DRAM running at fast cycle times. JEDEC standards for DDR3 DRAMs set the bounds of operation, but there is significant opportunity for maximizing the operating performance and reliability by optimizing the electrical parameters and the register settings across the many DIMMs in a system. Specifically, it is essential for the system designers to maximize the setup and hold timing margins for robust system operation. In this paper the hold timing of the data bus read operation is investigated. The methodology is presented and applied to setting the On-Die Termination (ODT) start/stop delay settings for optimal operation. The settings are verified by hardware characterization that confirms the updated delay settings improve the timing margin by performing a timing schmoo and observation of the waveforms with a logic analyzer and oscilloscope.
Human blood cell separation using bulk acoustic waves in a machined PMMA microchannel

Prior research demonstrated the separation of particles using bulk acoustic waves coupled from PZT (lead zirconate titanate) transducers into a PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate)) prism containing a microfluidic channel. By directing fluid flow at an angle to a standing acoustic node field this device creates a field of drag and acoustic forces that separates particles based on both size and compressibility. This technology has been further developed both through rapid prototyping enabled by CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining, and simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2a to enable the separation of human blood cells, and has been used to demonstrate the separation of red blood cells (RBCs) from white blood cells (WBCs), aggregated RBCs from free RBCs, and has shown different cell paths between stiffened RBCs and control RBCs. Applying this technology to human blood cell separations in the high-throughput, low-cost, low-volume device has potential as a point-of-care diagnostic tool. Specifically, the separation of RBCs from WBCs enables diagnosis of systemic infections; the separation of RBCs by differential compressibility enables diagnosis of parasitic RBC infection including malaria.
Not Just for Oprah Anymore: Incorporating Book Clubs into Political Science Classes.

AbstractThis article describes a four-part book club in a political parties, campaigns, and elections course. Self-reported survey data and anecdotal evidence suggest that the book club was a succe...
An alternative separation procedure for 90 Sr age dating using DGA Resin

The likelihood of an attack by a terrorist organization using a radiological dispersal device (RDD) is much higher than that of an attack with an improvised nuclear device or true nuclear weapon, as much less technical expertise is required to build an RDD. Consequently, there has been an effort to develop methods for age-dating radiological sealed sources in recent years. One such procedure, described by Steeb et al., is used for determining the age of 90Sr sources. That procedure utilized a rather expensive extraction chromatography resin and was based on an uncommon apparatus with limited sample capacity for the separation step. The procedure also left the Zr fraction contaminated with the radioactive 90Y daughter nuclide. The present work investigates using an alternative separation scheme that utilizes a less costly resin in a widely available column configuration and results in the isolation of 90Sr’s stable granddaughter, 90Zr, without 90Y contamination. This allows the zirconium quantification to be done with a mass spectrometer outside the radiological environment and increases the number of instruments capable of making the measurement, which could allow measurements to be made more quickly.
Alignment of Athletic Training Doctoral Education and Faculty Workload

Context: Evidence suggests that doctoral education is incongruent with faculty positions, but this has yet to be specifically examined in athletic training. Objective: To gain understanding of the ...
What makes skeletal muscle striated? Discoveries in the endosarcomeric and exosarcomeric cytoskeleton.

One of the most iconic images in biology is the cross-striated appearance of a skeletal muscle fiber. The repeating band pattern shows that all of the sarcomeres are the same length. All of the A b...
THU0730-HPR A systematic review of online interventions for addressing psychological distress in rheumatoid arthritis and other long-term conditions

Background Psychological distress in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with severity of disease activity and poor treatment outcomes. Online interventions have the potential to reach large numbers of patients. Objectives The aims of this study were to identify online interventions for psychological distress and determine their effectiveness in RA and other long-term conditions. Methods The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsychINFO Jan 2007-Jul 2017). Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of effectiveness of interventions to address psychological distress in adults. Titles and abstracts were screened independently by 2 reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed by 3 reviewers using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool. Data were extracted independently by 4 reviewers. Meta-analysis was not possible due to clinical heterogeneity of the included studies. Effectiveness of interventions is reported with effect sizes based on between-group differences in the primary outcomes at the end of each study. Results The review included 11 RCTs in the following conditions: arthritis,2 multiple sclerosis,2 diabetes6 and irritable bowel syndrome.1 The quality of most RCTs was poor due to attrition, selective reporting and limited follow-up. Eight disease-specific and 3 generic interventions were identified. Cognitive behavioural therapy was the most common intervention type. All interventions were online but support delivery and outcome measures varied significantly, Nine of the 11 interventions were shown to be effective, including 2 for RA. Most interventions were not available outside of the trial. Conclusions The findings are inconclusive due to the overall bias of the included studies and insufficient evidence in RA. More good quality RCTs are required to determine effectiveness of online interventions in RA. Acknowledgements This study was funded by Arthritis Research UK. Disclosure of Interest None declared
NCGE GeoCamp Iceland: Exploring Iceland's Changing Landscapes and Diverse Environments

The National Council for Geographic Education GeoCamp Iceland is a unique field experience designed to energize, inspire, and edify experienced and novice geography teachers. The 2015 institute (nineteen participants from fourteen states) was designed for K–12 educators and in 2017 (twenty-one participants from eighteen states and Washington, DC) was broadened to include higher education faculty. The intentional mix of instructional levels and diverse subject-matter expertise enriches everyone's experience, and the learning activities draw on participants' creativity, instructional methods, and background knowledge. The institute provides a structure for exploring Iceland while learning geography through experiential learning and inquiry
Fermi liquid state and enhanced electron correlations in the new iron pnictide CaFe$_4$As$_3$

The newly discovered CaFe$_4$As$_3$ system displays low-temperature Fermi liquid behavior, with enhanced electron-electron correlations. At high temperatures, the magnetic susceptibility shows Curie-Weiss behavior, with a large temperature-independent contribution. Antiferromagnetic ordering is observed below T$_N$ = (88.0 $\pm$ 1.0) K, possibly via a spin density wave (SDW) transition. A remarkably sharp drop in resistivity occurs below T$_2$ = (26.4 $\pm$ 1.0) K, correlated with a similarly abrupt increase in the susceptibility, but no visible feature in the specific heat. The electronic specific heat coefficient $\gamma$ at low temperatures is close to 0.02 J mol$^{-1}_{Fe}$ K$^{-2}$, but a higher value for $\gamma$ ($\sim$0.08 J mol$^{-1}_{Fe}$ K$^{-2}$ can be inferred from a linear C$ / $T \textit{vs.} T$^2$ just above T$_2$. The Kadowaki-Woods ratio A$/\gamma^2$ = 55$*10^{-5}$ $\mu \Omega$cm mol$^2$ K$^2 $mJ$^{-2}$ is nearly two orders of magnitude larger than that of heavy fermions.
Assessing Forward-, Reverse-, and Average-Entailer Indices on Natural Language Input from the Intelligent Tutoring System, iSTART.

This study reports on an experiment that analyzes a variety of entailment evaluations provided by a lexico-syntactic tool, the Entailer. The environment for these analyses is from a corpus of self-explanations taken from the Intelligent Tutoring System, iSTART. The purpose of this study is to examine how evaluations of hand-coded entailment, paraphrase, and elaboration compare to various evaluations provided by the Entailer. The evaluations include standard entailment (forward) as well as the new indices of Reverseand Average-Entailment. The study finds that the Entailer’s indices match or surpass human evaluators in making textual evaluations. The findings have important implications for providing accurate and appropriate feedback to users of Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
The Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia exhibits impaired systolic function and global longitudinal strain during pregnancy.

Abstract Background Preeclampsia (PE) is a disorder prevalent in 3–8% of pregnancies, characterized by hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction, including hypertrophy and impaired global longitudinal strain (GLS), which indicates reduced contractility and tissue injury. Despite several clinical studies highlighting impaired cardiac function in these women, the underlying mechanisms have not been studied, in part, due to lack of an appropriate animal model. The Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) rat model produces a PE-like phenotype, including adverse cardiac remodeling. However, whether this translates to impaired cardiac function is not known. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that placental ischemia in the RUPP rat leads to impaired left ventricular (LV) systolic function and GLS. Study design RUPP (n = 10) rats underwent surgery to induce placental ischemia on gestational day (GD) 14. Sham (n = 10) and RUPP rats had indwelling carotid catheters placed on GD 18, and blood pressure and echocardiography measurements were made on GD 19. Results The RUPP group exhibited increased mean arterial pressure compared to the Sham group (123 ± 3 vs. 97 ± 2 mmHg, P Conclusions Cardiac dysfunction and impaired strain are present in RUPP rats during pregnancy. These findings represent an animal model of PE that could be used to understand the mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction in this disease and ultimately, improve or prevent cardiac abnormalities in these patients.
The seasonal distribution and concentration of antibiotics in rural streams and drinking wells in the piedmont of North Carolina

Abstract The present study investigated 16 residential, rural well sites and respective nearby streams in the Piedmont of North Carolina over three different seasons to determine antibiotic presence and concentration. Fifteen antibiotics were detected in stream surface water, groundwater, and stream sediment compartments. Antibiotics detected representing penicillin, sulfonamide, macrolide, aminoglycoside, lincosamide, and quinolone groups. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamerazine (SMR), danofloxacin (DAN), and erythromycin (ETM) were the most commonly detected among samples throughout the sampling period. Concentrations reported in the study ranged from 0 to 1740 ng/L in surface water and groundwater, and 0t378 μg/kg in stream sediment. There was a seasonal influence on antibiotic concentrations in each environmental compartment. Fall had the highest antibiotic concentrations for surface water and stream sediments overall, and groundwater concentrations were highest in the winter. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the correlation between environmental variables. Antibiotic concentrations correlated with groundwater pH, surface water pH, and surface water temperature. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), used to display seasonal and environmental compartment data, demonstrated no discernible trend in the distribution of antibiotics over time. Human health risk assessments based on risk quotients (RQs). RQs from groundwater assessment shown no risk to children 6–11 years old, or adults 18 years old or older. Results from this study illustrate that the occurrence of antibiotics in streams and groundwater in the Piedmont of North Carolina is widespread and provide a basis for future studies investigating the occurrence of antibiotics in rural areas, especially where animal density is high. This work is important because it contributes to the paucity of information on antibiotic pollution in rural areas, and because it illustrates the importance of using a combined targeted and non-targeted approach to antibiotic pollution in streams and groundwater.
Shifting the Lens: An Implementation Study of a Community-Based and Social Network Intervention to Gender-Based Violence

Responding to the call to "shift the lens" and expand gender-based violence remedies beyond individualized direct services and law enforcement remedies, anti-violence providers have struggled to redefine and redirect intervention approaches. This implementation study leverages the framework of implementation science to investigate an exploratory statewide initiative based on the Creative Interventions model and aimed to build organizational and regional capacity to implement community-based or social network interventions within provider organizations. Using data from nine organizations, this mixed-methods study identifies factors related to implementation of this innovative approach including organizational motivation, capacity, and perceived needs related to adoption and implementation.
Personal Experience in Concept Generation of New Products

The Designers create a new product for attention and differentiation. How do designers start the design process, given that they want to come up with a yet non-existent product? The concept generation phase in design is not a case of problem-solving but as a starting point for a journey of exploration. Designers have started to explore how the use of personal experience can help them accomplish the most important goals of design – that is, communicating their intentions, creating the context for the product form, drawing attention to their product, and constructing something new. The research aimed to explore the distinctive practice of professional designers and to document what inspired them in their creative process. The result of this research provided a basis for developing a design framework using images, stories, and personal experiences to support the concept generation of new products.
A model for ultimate bearing capacity of piles in unsaturated soils under elevated temperatures

Geo-energy applications such as energy piles can expose unsaturated, deep foundation soils to elevated temperatures. This paper presents a closed-form equation for the ultimate bearing capacity of piles in unsaturated soils subject to elevated temperatures under drained conditions. For this purpose, a temperature-dependent effective stress model was incorporated into calculations of skin resistance and end bearing resistance of piles. The proposed temperature-dependent model is an extension of the modified β method for determining the ultimate pile bearing capacity of unsaturated soils under drained conditions. Employing the proposed model, a parametric study was carried out to evaluate the ultimate pile bearing capacity for hypothetical clay and silt soils at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 55 °C. For both clay and silt, the results indicated that the ultimate pile bearing capacity varies with an increase in temperature. Different trends with temperature were observed for clay and silt. A monotonic increase in pile resistance was observed in clays. For silt, the pile resistance increased at relatively low matric suction whereas it decreased at higher matric suctions.