cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Medical Treatment of Heart Failure and Coronary Heart Disease

Heart failure (HF) is a physiologic state in which the heart either cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body or requires an elevated filling pressure to meet these needs. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cause of HF, and the progression of CAD to HF can vary from abrupt cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction to the insidious development of left ventricular failure in patients with chronic coronary heart disease. In cases of acute HF, treatment may include revascularization, correcting any reversible causes, various medications, and mechanical circulatory support. Treating chronic HF involves the up-titration of multiple oral medications that are often commenced in the hospital, with a view to achieving long-term clinical stability and a stable outpatient volume status. Chronic heart failure care also involves managing many comorbidities, including arrhythmias, which are common in the heart failure population. Managing these patients long-term involves the application of defibrillator therapies, timing the initiation of mechanical circulatory support therapies, and considering heart transplantation or palliative care strategies in selected patients.
An animal model to predict the immunogenicity of murine V regions in humans

Clinical trials with genetically engineered chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated that mouse variable regions differ dramatically in their degree of immunogenicity. These observations led us to search for an animal model that could predict mouse variable region (V region) immunogenicity prior to human clinical trials. We selected monoclonal antibodies 17-1A and B72.3 for study because human trials have demonstrated the very low immunogenicity of the mouse 17-1A V region and the high immunogenicity of the mouse B72.3 V region. Random-bred New Zealand white rabbits were injected intravenously with mouse 17-1A, B72.3, or both using a dose and schedule comparable to human trials. After initial injection only two of ten rabbits developed an antibody response to mouse 17-1A, while all five animals receiving a second injection developed antibody that was entirely mouse constant region-specific. On the other hand, nine of ten rabbits demonstrated an antibody response to initial infusion of mouse B72.3 that was greater than 90% specific for the complementarity-determining region components of the V regions. Competitive inhibition with isolated heavy and light chains demonstrated specificity for heavy or light chains (approximately 60%) or a requirement for both (40%). Thus, as in humans, the V region of 17-1A elicited little or no immune response in rabbits, while the V region of B72.3 was highly immunogenic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Alternatives to abstinence: the practice of (un)safe sex in prison

Correctional rules and regulations requiring sexual abstinence for prison inmates, coupled with unsupported beliefs about the risks of condom provision, keep most inmates in a dangerous muddle of criminalized sexual expression, covert efforts at erroneous myth-based safe sex practices, and high risk of sexual disease contraction and transmission. With the vast majority of inmates eventually released to re-enter communities across the US, these health concerns are not quarantined to the correctional environment, but rather contribute to what has been described as the hidden epidemic in public health . Using inmate voice from a large-scale national examination of inmate sexual behavior, the current study explores inmates’ attempts at ‘safe sex’ in an environment where sexual behavior, though prohibited, frequently occurs, and where no sex is the only accepted form of ‘safe’ sex. Inmates identify many approaches to safe sexual practice including barrier protection, partner selection, and risk reduction strat...
Maximum acceptable weight of lift as a function of material density, center of gravity location, hand preference, and frequency.

The effects of material density, center of gravity location, hand preference, and frequency on maximum acceptable weight of lift were determined experimentally in a laboratory study. Using the psyc...
Robust tracking controller design for high-speed machining

For robust high-speed tracking, a combination of a feedforward controller and a feedback controller is used. A disturbance estimation problem for a closed-loop servo system is formulated and a modified disturbance observer is developed to accommodate the presence of an existing closed-loop servo system. The robust feedback controller based on a disturbance observer compensates external disturbances, unmodeled dynamics, parameter variations, and mechanical nonlinearities. It provides robustness and ideal feedback characteristics for feedforward tracking controllers based on the zero phase error tracking controller (ZPETC). Performance enhancement was achieved by adding feedforward friction compensation. Through experiments, it has been demonstrated that the robust tracking controller compensated well for the adverse effect due to nonlinear friction, and achieved an excellent tracking performance.
Cytomorphologic and immunophenotypical features of acinar cell neoplasms of the pancreas.

BACKGROUND Acinar cell neoplasms of the pancreas are rare but when encountered, the diagnosis is often established based on cytology specimens. Diagnostic accuracy is important because acinar cell carcinomas are aggressive yet may mimic tumors with different outcomes and management. METHODS The authors identified all patients with a diagnosis of acinar cell neoplasm in the institutional database; assessed cytomorphology and immunocytochemistry for trypsin, chymotrypsin, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and MIB-1; and compared all cytology and final histological diagnoses for diagnostic discrepancies. RESULTS Cytological features were described for 16 histologically proven malignant acinar cell neoplasms: acinar cell carcinoma (8 cases), mixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinoma (6 cases), mixed acinar-ductal carcinoma (1 case), and pancreatoblastoma (1 case).The majority of aspirates from acinar cell cystadenomas were nondiagnostic or negative (5 of 6 cases; 83%). Acinar and neuroendocrine differentiation that was detected by immunocytochemistry in >20% of tumor cells was found to be correlated with mixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinoma histology. Cytohistological correlation included 32 patients with 17 discordant diagnoses (53%). The following preoperative cytology diagnoses proved to be acinar cell neoplasms on resection: neuroendocrine tumor (5 cases), adenocarcinoma (5 cases), atypical ductal cells (2 cases), solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Three aspirates diagnosed as acinar cell carcinoma by cytology proved to be chronic pancreatitis (2 cases) and ductal adenocarcinoma (1 case). CONCLUSIONS Acinar cell carcinoma has a distinctive cytological appearance but is frequently misdiagnosed on cytology. Immunocytochemistry is useful for identifying acinar differentiation. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:459–70. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Hollow lantern slides illustrating crystal structure

The structure of simple crystals can be illustrated by enclosing a layer of bearing balls in a hollow lantern slide and projecting the shadow pattern.
Porcine Submaxillary Mucin Forms Disulfide-linked Multimers through Its Amino-terminal D-domains

COS-7 cells expressing 1,360 residues from the amino terminus of porcine submaxillary mucin were used to determine whether this region, containing the D1, D2, and D3 domains, is involved in forming mucin multimers. Analysis of the proteins immunoprecipitated from the medium of transfected cells by reducing SDS-gel electrophoresis showed a single N-glycosylated protein with no indication of proteolytically processed forms. Without prior reduction, only two proteins, corresponding to monomeric and disulfide-linked trimeric species, were observed. The expressed protein devoid of N-linked oligosaccharides also formed trimers, but was secreted from cells in significantly less amounts than glycosylated trimers. Pulse-chase studies showed that the disulfide-linked trimers were assembled inside the cells no earlier than 30 min after protein synthesis commenced and after the intracellular precursors were N-glycosylated. Trimer formation was inhibited in cells treated with brefeldin A, monensin, chloroquine, or bafilomycin A1, although only brefeldin A prevented the secretion of the protein. These results suggest that trimerization takes place in compartments of the Golgi complex in which the vacuolar H+-ATPase maintains an acidic pH. Coexpression in the same cells of the amino-terminal region and the disulfide-rich carboxyl-terminal domain of the mucin showed that these structures were not disulfide-linked with one another. Cells expressing a DNA construct encoding a fusion protein between the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of the mucin secreted disulfide-linked dimeric and high molecular weight multimeric species of the recombinant mucin. The presence of monensin in the medium was without effect on dimerization, but inhibited the formation of disulfide-linked multimers. These studies suggest that disulfide-linked dimers of mucin are subsequently assembled into disulfide-linked multimers by the amino-terminal regions. They also suggest that the porcine mucin forms branched disulfide-linked multimers. This ability of the amino-terminal region of mucin to aid in the assembly of multimers is consistent with its amino acid identities to the amino-terminal region of human von Willebrand factor, which also serves to form disulfide-linked multimers of this protein.
Incorporating health outcomes into environmental justice research: The case of children's asthma and air pollution in Phoenix, Arizona

Abstract Asthma is a health condition that is also an environmental justice issue. Using an environmental justice frame, this paper explores socio-demographic, indoor hazard, and air quality factors that contribute to disparities in asthma hospitalizations. Multivariate Poisson regression models predicting asthma hospitalizations at the zip code level are employed to examine the case of metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona (AZ). Controlling for socio-demographics, indoor hazards, and toxic releases from industry, ozone was the strongest predictor of asthma hospitalizations. This paper contributes to the project of inserting health measures into quantitative environmental justice studies.
Influence of Neutron and Gamma Whole-body Irradiation of Lactating Cows on the Chloride Content of the Milk

THE lactation and radionuclide metabolism of dairy cattle after lethal doses of gamma and neutron radiation have recently been investigated by Cragle et al.1. One of the effects of radiation is a general body infection, and the composition of milk might be expected to be similar to that produced by cows with mastitis, that is, to show an increase in chloride concentration. This has been shown to influence palatability of the milk. Chloride determinations were made by titration against silver nitrate of milk samples produced by the cows used in the work of Cragle et al. Some of the samples contained added or induced radioactivity, and no organoleptic analyses were made in these cases.
Long-term studies on the effects of nonvolatile organic compounds on porous media surface areas

This paper investigates the long-term behavior of porous media contaminated by nonvolatile organic compounds (NVOC) in terms of specific interfacial surface area. Specifically, a natural sand, Moffett sand (MS), was contaminated with naphthalene and the surface area was measured repeatedly over time using nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques. A field-contaminated sand affected by lamp-black material (LB) from former manufactured gas plant operations was also studied. Lampblack is a carbonaceous skeleton containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other hydrocarbons. It is hypothesized that soils contaminated by these types of chemicals will exhibit significantly less surface area than their clean counterparts. The surface areas for the contaminated MS samples increased toward their clean-MS values during the 700-h aging period, but achieved the clean values only after pentane extraction or heating at 60 degrees C. Heating at 50 degrees C failed to achieve a similar recovery of the clean-MS surface area value. Nonspecific mass loss tracked the increase in surface area as indirect evidence that naphthalene loss was the cause of the surface area increase. For the LB samples, aging at 100 degrees C produced a slight decrease in surface area and mass while aging at 250 degrees C caused the surface area to increase roughly threefold while the mass decreased by approximately 1%. These results suggest that, under moderate heating and over the time scale of this investigation, there is a redistribution of the complex contaminant mixture on the solid matrix. Greater temperatures remove mass more efficiently and therefore exhibited the surface area increase expected in this experiment.
Enhancement of the Compressive Strength of Kevlar-29/Epoxy Resin Unidirectional Composites:

This paper examines the compressive and tensile strength of Kevlar-29/Derakane composites using as-received Kevlar-29 and a thermally enhanced version of the fiber. Previous studies have shown that thermal enhancement results in a form of Kevlar-29 with significantly better compressive strength at a cost of 10—20% of its tensile strength. This study compared the mechanical properties of unidirectional composites made using as-received and thermally enhanced forms of Kevlar-29 fibers. The composites made with the thermally treated fiber showed a decrease in tensile strength roughly proportional to the difference in tensile strength of the fibers. Although the improvement in the compressive strength of the composites made with the thermally treated fibers was statistically significant, it was less than anticipated. A change in predominant failure mechanism also occurred with most as-received fiber-based composites failing from a debonding/pull-out mechanism, while composites made with the thermally enhanced...
Aesthetic and affective effects of vocal and traffic noise on natural landscape assessment

Abstract National parks have mandates both to preserve and protect natural settings and to assist visitors in viewing and interacting with those settings. Considerable scholarship has examined the trade-offs between preservation and recreation goals, such as protection of a natural setting when some visitors want to experience it from noisy aircraft or ground vehicles. The current project expands on previous noise research that showed the presence of aircraft noise to be detrimental to aesthetic and affective environmental assessments. Participants rated 25 scenes under quiet conditions or while hearing 45 dB(A) or 60 dB(A) of either natural sounds (bird calls, breeze through foliage), natural sounds with aircraft sounds, natural sounds with ground traffic sounds, or natural sounds with human voices. Results indicated that the presence of any anthropogenic noise–air traffic, ground traffic, or voices–negatively impacted environmental assessments, and more so at louder levels, while the natural soundscape had little to no effect on assessments. Additionally, the presence of air traffic, ground traffic, and human voices significantly decreased participant ratings of serenity while also increasing ratings of hostility. These effects were strongest for scenes that were high in scenic beauty. Results are discussed in the context of sound quality management in national parks and other settings.
Co-Destructive Factors of Marginal Periodontitis and Repetitive Mechanical Injury

When repetitive mechanical injury was produced in combination with marginal periodontitis a significant loss of connective tissue attachment did not occur as compared with specimens in which periodontitis alone was produced. It seems unlikely, therefore, that there is a "co-destructive" factor effect on the loss of connective tissue attachment. The amount of alveolar bone lost as a result of marginal periodontitis was increased by the addition of repeated mesiodistal jiggling of the teeth. This could represent an irreversible "co-destructive" effect or could merely be a functional adaptation of the periodontium.
Differential requirements of calcium for oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial nitric-oxide synthase under hypoxia: impact on the regulation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption.

Abstract Studies with isolated mitochondria are performed at artificially high pO2 (220 to 250 μM oxygen), although this condition is hyperoxic for these organelles. It was the aim of this study to evaluate the effect of hypoxia (20–30 μM) on the calcium-dependent activation of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (or 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase; OGDH) and mitochondrial nitric-oxide synthase (mtNOS). Mitochondria had a P/O value 15% higher in hypoxia than that in normoxia, indicating that oxidative phosphorylation and electron transfer were more efficiently coupled, whereas the intramitochondrial free calcium concentrations were higher (2–3-fold) at lower pO2. These increases were abrogated by ruthenium red indicating that the higher uptake via the calcium uniporter was involved in this process. Mitochondria at high calcium concentration microdomains may produce nitric oxide, given the K0.5 of calcium for OGDH (0.16 μM) and mtNOS (∼1 μM). Nitric oxide, by binding to cytochrome oxidase in competition with oxygen, decreases the rate of oxygen consumption. This condition is highly beneficial for the following reasons: i, these mitochondria are still able to produce ATP and support calcium clearance; ii, it prevents the accumulation of ROS by slowing the rate of oxygen consumption (hence ROS production); iii, the onset of anoxia is delayed, allowing oxygen to diffuse back to these sites, thereby ameliorating the oxygen gradient between regions of high and low calcium concentration. In this way, oxygen depletion at the latter sites is prevented. This, in turn, assures continued aerobic metabolism which may involve the activated dehydrogenases.
RF Superconducting Properties of Thin Films on Niobium

We are investigating the RF properties of thin films of materials which are known to have low secondary emission coefficients, such as NbC, NbN and TiN. Preliminary measurements on the latter material have been performed by depositing a 15 nm film on parts of a doubly re-entrant Nb cavity designed to favor electron multipacting which, in the uncoated cavity, occurs copiously between the posts'tips. The measurements performed with TiN films sputtered onto Nb indicate that the RF current losses are increased by the presence of the films while the dielectric losses are negligible, within the measurement sensitivity of the system. The electron multipacting cannot be excited between the posts coated with the material tested.
Health care seeking for abdominal bloating and visible distention.

Summary Background While knowledge has accumulated regarding health care seeking in several functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), little is known about health care seeking in those with bloating and distention. Aim To identify predictors of health care seeking for bloating and distention. Methods The validated Talley Bowel Disease Questionnaire was mailed to a cohort selected at random from the population of Olmsted County, Minnesota; 2259 subjects (53% females; mean age 62 years) answered questions about bloating and distention. The complete medical record of each respondent was reviewed. Logistic regression was used to compare consulting for bloating and distention with consulting for other GI symptoms, and nonconsulters. Results A total of 131 (6%) subjects in the community consulted a physician for bloating or distention. Older age [odds ratio (OR), 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5, 2.1], higher somatic symptom scores (OR, 2.0; CI: 1.4, 2.8), lower education level (OR, 2.7; CI: 1.2, 5.6), early satiety (OR, 2.0; CI: 1.1, 3.8) and abdominal pain (OR, 2.4; CI: 1.6, 3.7) were associated with people seeking health care for bloating or distention vs. non-consulters. Similarly, older age (OR, 1.4; CI: 1.2, 1.7), chronic constipation (OR, 2.0; CI: 1.2, 3.2) and visible distention (OR, 3.0; CI: 1.8, 4.9) had greater odds of presenting for bloating or distention compared with presenting for other GI symptoms; somatic symptoms were not a predictor (OR, 1.1; CI: 0.8, 1.5). Conclusions Factors that lead people to present for bloating and distention are similar to those for other GI symptoms visits; however, specific biological rather than somatic features may predict visits for bloating and distention.
Heterodyne detection experiments at 118.6 um in Ge:Ga

The observation and quantitative measurement of optical heterodyne detection in the far infrared (IR) (λ=118.6 μm) using a Ge:Ga detector are reported. The experimental results fall below theoretical predictions; the discrepancy is explained in terms of the NEP of the detector used and the low value of local oscillator power available in the experiments.
Exploring the Integration of Social Justice into Social Work Research Curricula

The Council on Social Work Education mandates that social justice content be integrated throughout social work curricula. Although much has been written about integrating social justice into practice, policy, and human behavior and social environment courses, little attention has been given to research methods courses. This study surveyed a national sample of social work research faculty members to examine how they conceptualize and integrate social justice into their research courses. Findings show that a majority support this integration. However, they do so from general ideas of social justice. They use both traditional and creative pedagogical methods involving lectures, use of critical theories, and multimedia. Implications for social work education and future directions for research are discussed.
Direct derivation of radiation resistance of a vibrating panel

Rayleigh's radiation formula is used to derive the radiation resistance of a vibrating panel. The result is compared to those obtained by other authors using different analyses: viz., a transform method and a coupled oscillator method.
Morbidity and Mortality of Portal Hypertension

Portal hypertension occurs in several aetiologically distinct disease states associated with either increased flow or increased resistance in the portal venous system. The morbidity and mortality observed are the result of ascites formation, impaired hepatic metabolism, encephalopathy and, most ominously, variceal haemorrhage. Patients with conditions in which there is relatively little hepatic parenchymal damage (non-cirrhotic portal hypertension) tend to have fewer episodes of encephalopathy and are better able to tolerate bleeding episodes than those patients with underlying cirrhosis. Similarly, the development of ascites varies with respect to the aetiology of the portal hypertension. This chapter discusses the natural history of the various disease states that manifest portal hypertension, thus allowing critical evaluation of the various therapeutic modalities used in its treatment.
High frequency magnetic toroidal core loss measurement fixture

A technique for loss characterization of toroidal inductor cores under high power is proposed, and implemented for the frequency range of 2 MHz to 30 MHz. A power-boosted impedance analyzer is used to measure the impedance of the device being tested. The method uses a custom fixture which creates a single-turn inductor with a toroidal core and allows compensation for the winding parasitics so the core losses can be measured. The approach is implemented for excitation levels of up to 10 A; implementation details and experimental results of measuring two ferrite cores using the setup are presented and compared to core loss models supplied by the manufacturer. The setup supports multiple test fixtures and can also be used for general large-signal impedance measurements.
Large interventricular septal aneurysm with thrombo-embolism in a healthy woman.

A 59-year-old Hispanic woman with no significant medical history presented with a stroke while travelling on a South East Asian cruise. Work up included an echocardiogram showing a large multilobulated aneurysm (arrow) with a base measuring 2.2 cm (green line) with several smaller lobulations in the parasternal long-axis view ( Panel A …
Prostaglandins and arachidonic acid in nervous and reproductive tissue from virgin and mated female crickets teleogryllus commodus

Heads from virgin ♀ crickets. Teleogryllus commodus, yielded 76 ng/head of PGE2, whereas those from mated ♀ ♀ contained approximately double the amount. Smaller but detectable quantities of PGE2 were present in abdominal nerve cords of virgin females. Ovaries from virgins contained 26 ng/organ PGE2, 30 ng/organ PGF2α, and 42 ng/organ PGA2. Moreover, spermathecae from virgin ♀ ♀ showed about 3.5 times more PGF2α than was found in similar extracts from mated females. Parallel studies of the fatty acid complements of matching tissues indicate that arachidonic acid is present in all tissues where prostaglandins are found. Importantly, arachidonic acid is shown to increase in these tissues following mating. These data lead to the hypothesis that parental polyunsaturates may be elongated and desaturated in insects by way of pathways that have been described in mammals. RESUME Prostaglandines et acide arachidonique dans les tissus nerveux et reproducteurs des femelles vierges et fecondes des grillons (Teleogryllus commodus) Des tětes de femelles vierges du grillon, Teleogryllus commodus, ont donne 76 ng/těte de PGE2, tandis que les tětes de femelles fecondees en contenaient approximativement le double. Des quantites plus faibles mais decelables de PGE2 ont ete obtenues de la chaine nerveuse abdominale de femelles vierges. Les ovaires de vierges contenaient 26 ng/organe de PGE2, 30 ng/organe de PGF2α et 42 ng/organe de PGA2. Cependant, les spermatheques de femelles vierges contenaient environ 3,5 fois plus de PGF2α que celles des femelles fecondees. L'etude parallele des teneurs en acides gras montre que l'acide arachidonique est present dans tous les tissus ou l'on a trouve des prostaglandines. Il faut souligner que le taux d'acide arachidonique croit dans ces tissus apres l'accouplement. Ces donnees conduisent a l'hypothese que les polyunsaturates parentaux peuvent ětre allonges et desatures chez les insectes de la facon qui a ete decrite chez les mammiferes.
Plasmodium: A Quantitative Molecular Assay for Detection of Sporogonic-Stage Malaria Parasites

We present a molecular assay to detect malaria parasites during sporogonic development in the mosquito host. Specific primers for Plasmodium-specific small-subunit ribosomal RNA sequences not present in mosquito RNA were used in a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. A synthetic RNA quantitative competitor was made which included targets for two primers and a target sequence for a hybridization probe which is also present in the natural parasite ribosome. The heterobifunctional Tth polymerase was used to carry out both reverse transcription and DNA-dependent polymerase chain reaction in a single reaction tube. Ookinetes and sporozoites, the stages from the beginning and end of sporogonic development, respectively, were both recognized in the assay. The assay was calibrated for quantitation of sporozoites by making a standard curve with counted sporozoites. The linear range of the calibrated assay allowed accurate quantitation of parasite number over at least two orders of magnitude, from 10 to 1000 sporozoites, in each RT-PCR reaction.
A Bending Beam-Based Path Planning Method Suitable for Mobile Robots in Sensor Network Environments

This paper introduces a novel distributive path planning method, the bending beam method, for mobile robots moving in environments monitored by wireless sensor networks. The proposed method is inspired by the deflection analysis of bending beams. The initial and goal positions of a mobile robot are connected by a virtual beam. The in-between obstacles are replaced with the effective loads acting on the beam. The resulting robot path is represented by the deflection curve of the beam under those loads. Following the principle of superposition, the beam deflection under all the loads is equal to the sum of the deflections caused by the individual loads acting on the beam separately. In an environment covered by a wireless sensor network, each sensor node monitors the obstacles (stationary and moving) in its neighborhood. By letting each sensor node compute the deflections of the virtual beam caused by only those neighboring obstacles, the computation load for the global robot path planning can be distributed among the sensor nodes. Thus, the path planning becomes a highly parallel computation procedure. The robot only needs to collect the results from the sensor nodes and sum them up to generate its path. Moreover, the robot path can be dynamically modified by the sensor nodes in the case of moving obstacles. As a result, the proposed method may substantially reduce the time complexity of the sensor-based motion planning for mobile robots in dynamic environments, with the assistance from sensor networks.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Anticipatory coarticulation in the speech of adults and young children: acoustic, perceptual, and video data.

Three experiments investigated anticipatory lingual and labial coarticulation in the [sV] productions of children and adults. Acoustic, perceptual, and video data were used to trace the development...
Development of functional nanoprobes for optical near-field characterization

Subwavelength optical imaging can be accomplished by scanning a nanoscale aperture or a nanoprobe containing a locally defined nanoscale optical source. Currently, most such methods, including various implementations of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), form near-field images by measuring the intensity of optical signals generated by optical transmission, scattering or fluorescence. Here we report the development of a nanoprobe that can extend NSOM functionalities by focusing on the dynamical aspects of light emission (such as fluorescence lifetime measurement) and nonlinear optical processes (such as second harmonic generation). Our nanoprobes consist of a silica fiber taper, a single nanowire or a nanotube, and appropriate functional nano-optical structures. The fabrication, characterization and potential applications of such nanoprobes are discussed.
A genetic algorithm approach to interactive narrative generation

We discuss the design of the Hybrid Evolutionary-Fuzzy Time-based Interactive (HEFTI) storytelling engine. HEFTI uses genetic algorithms at its core to recombine and evaluate story components generated from a set of story templates. The system allows authors to rely on HEFTI to perform recombination, mutation and selection operations that generate logically congruent variants of the original story via traversal, generation and deletion of (links in) the story elements.
Scanning tunneling microscopy of coexisting 2D crystalline and 1D stacking-disordered phases at the chiral-liquid-crystal-graphite interface.

Scanning tunneling microscopy study or monolayers or the chiral-liquid-crystal-forming molecule W7 shows the coexistence or two phases having unit cells or opposite chiral symmetry, one a 2D crystalline phase and the other a 1D stacking-disorder phase exhibiting the kind or structural ambivalence characteristic or bulk liquid crystals. The interrow interactions in the stacking-disorder phase can be described using a one-dimensional three-state Potts model with extended interrow interactions
Radiology: Criteria for Determining Response to Treatment and Recurrence of High-Grade Gliomas

The development of radiologic criteria for the assessment of response to treatment in high-grade gliomas (HGGs) has evolved considerably over the past few decades since the original response criteria based on computed tomography imaging. Accuracy and objectivity in the assessment of response to treatment of HGGs is necessary for altering treatment regimens, establishing accurate provider communication, and improving the quality of clinical trials. Future studies assessing emerging advanced neuroimaging techniques will facilitate the development of even more accurate evidence-based radiologic response criteria.
Enabling Double Patterning at the 32nm Node

Most semiconductor manufacturers expect 193 nm immersion lithography to remain the dominant patterning technology through the 32 nm technology node. Conventional immersion lithography, however, is unlikely to take the industry to 32 nm half-pitch. Various double patterning techniques have been proposed to address this limitation. These solutions will combine design for manufacturability (DFM) and advanced process control (APC) strategies to achieve desired yield. Each strategy requires feeding forward design and process context and feeding back process metrics. In this work, we discuss interim solutions for control of double patterning lithography (DPL).
Prolonged immunoglobulin and platelet infusion for treatment of immune thrombocytopenia

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) may be associated with serious hemorrhage. We describe 2 patients who received intravenous immunoglobulin given as a 24-hr continuous infusion with a concomitant continuous infusion of platelets. This regimen was rapidly effective in increasing platelet counts in both patients.
Facile activation of dihydrogen by an unsaturated heavier main group compound.

The germanium alkyne analogue Ar‘GeGeAr‘ (1, Ar‘ = C6H3-2,6(C6H3-2,6-Pri2)2) reacts with 1, 2, or 3 equiv of dihydrogen at room temperature, and at 1 atm pressure, to afford a mixture of the products Ar‘HGeGeHAr‘ (2), Ar‘H2GeGeH2Ar‘ (3), or Ar‘GeH3 (4). The relative amounts of each product are governed by the number of equivalents of hydrogen used. A mechanism for the initial step in the reaction is proposed. The appearance of 4 among the reaction products was accounted for in terms of either its dissociation to monomers or isomerization to the bridged Ar‘Ge(μ-H)2GeAr‘. The reactions were monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The products 2, 3, and 4 were characterized by X-ray crystallography, and 4 was synthesized independently by the reduction of Ar‘Ge(OMe)3. These reactions represent the first direct addition of hydrogen to a closed shell unsaturated main group compound under ambient conditions.
A scenario optimization model for dynamic reserve site selection

Conservation planners are called upon to make choices and trade-offs about the preservation of natural areas for the protection of species in the face of development pressures. We addressed the problem of selecting sites for protection over time with the objective of maximizing species representation, with uncertainty about future site development, and with periodic constraints on the number of sites that can be selected. We developed a 0–1, linear optimization model with 2 periods to select the sites that maximize expected species coverage subject to budget constraints. The model is based on the idea that development uncertainty can be characterized by a set of scenarios, each of which is a possible second-period development outcome for the set of sites. We also suggest that our 2-period model can be used in a sequential fashion that is consistent with adaptive planning. Results are presented for the Fox River watershed in Chicago.
Reactions of acid halides and chloroformates involving an intermediate with dimethylformamide

Various authors have studied the Lewis acid adducts of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) illustrating the reactivity of the carbonyl oxygen l-4 . Hall5 isolated 1:l crystalline salts + following the treatment of DMF with acyl bromides which were formulated as (CH3)2N = CHOCOR Xon the basis of c' rntal analysis data, conductivity experiments and formation of anilides on further treatment with aniline. Pattison et al 6 --* have previously reported that substituted aryl chloroformates (la and lb) react in the presence of excess DMF to produce carbon dioxide and aryloxy-substituted irmnonium salts (3a and 3b) (eq. 1). These in turn were founJ to rcxt with methanol to generate DMF, the corresponding phenol and methyl chloride (eq. 2). + X-C6H40COCl + HCON(CB3)2 B (CH ) N CHO-C6H4-X + Cl + CO2 32 (es. 1)
Undiminished resieual effects designs and their suggested applications

In change-over designs with residual effects, it is assumed that the residual effect of each treatment is carried over, to all succeeding periods, undiminished and designs are provided for that situation. Combinatorially Overall Balanced Residual Effects Designs are introduced and their analysis is sketched. These designs may likely find applications in ordering questions in schedules and questionnaires.
Restructuring English and Society through an Integrated Curriculum: Ruth Mary Weeks's A Correlated Curriculum

Some scholars trace the start of writing across the curriculum to the 1970s. However, in 1929, when appointed president of the National Council of Teachers of English, Ruth Mary Weeks initiated A Correlated Curriculum (1936), a significant interdisciplinary project that specifically viewed English as the mechanism for achieving an integrated curriculum. Although her goal was not fully realized, Weeks's efforts are important in their attempts to open education to broader classes of students, to promote learning as a collaborative process, to prepare all students to meet the demands of transforming social and industrial circumstances, and, ultimately, to restructure industrial America.
Effects of wind and air trajectory directions on atmospheric concentrations of persistent organic pollutants near the Great Lakes.

Three different regression models involving air temperature, time, and either wind direction or parametric or nonparametric air trajectory direction were used with concentrations of four representative persistent organic pollutants to quantitate the atmospheric transport of these compounds to the Great Lakes. The local wind and parametric trajectory models predicted an optimal source direction for each compound, whereas the nonparametric trajectory model was based on a hypothesized source region. All three regressions were used to calculate the factor by which the partial pressures of each compound measured at five sampling sites increased when the air came from a particular source direction. Dieldrin, chlordane, polychlorinated biphenyl, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon partial pressures were used with each of these regressions, and the correlation coefficients (r 2 ) were evaluated for each model, for each compound, and for each regression term. In general, with the exception of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at some sites, the explanatory powers of the regressions were not improved by the inclusion of any of these directional terms.
Relationship between predicted maximal oxygen consumption and running performance of college females.

The intent of this investigation was to determine the relationship between predicted maximal oxygen consumption and running performance for 6, 9, and 12 min duration in college women between the ag...
A universal cloning method based on yeast homologous recombination that is simple, efficient, and versatile.

Cloning by homologous recombination (HR) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an extremely efficient and cost-effective alternative to other methods of recombinant DNA technologies. Unfortunately, it is incompatible with all the various specialized plasmids currently used in microbiology and biomedical research laboratories, and is therefore, not widely adopted. In an effort to dramatically improve the versatility of yeast gap-repair cloning and make it compatible with any DNA plasmid, we demonstrate that by simply including a yeast-cloning cassette (YCC) that contains the 2-micron origin of replication (2 μm ori) and the ura3 gene for selection, multiple DNA fragments can be assembled into any DNA vector. We show this has almost unlimited potential by building a variety of plasmid for different uses including: recombinant protein production, epitope tagging, site-directed mutagenesis, and expression of fluorescent fusion proteins. We demonstrate the use in a variety of plasmids for use in microbial systems and even demonstrate it can be used in a vertebrate model. This method is remarkably simple and extremely efficient, plus it provides a significant cost saving over commercially available kits.
Body fat distribution in Alaskan Eskimos of the Bering Straits region: the Alaskan Siberia Project.

Body fat distribution in Alaskan Eskimos of the Bering Straits region: the Alaskan Siberia Project
Elasto-plastic finite element analysis of squaring circular tube

Abstract The flow rule of Prandtl-Reuss was adopted and incremental elasto-plastic finite-element analysis formulation of Coulomb's friction law combining the finite deformation theory was established, and Lagrangian formulation for simulating the squaring process of circular tube was updated. Incremental Coulomb's friction law was used in the global stiffness matrix to solve the sliding-sticking state of friction at the boundary contact interface. During the squaring process, the linear factor rmin was adopted to solve the non-linear boundary problems of changing node contact and separation, elasto-plastic transient situation in an element and the non-linear constitutive behavior of material so as to make each reasonable increment of the punch meet the demand of calculation for linear increment. The squaring process of circular tube, load distribution and final shape of work piece after unloading were simulated by this mode and compared with research data. It is known that the circular tube with higher geometrical ratio (R/t) could be pressed into symmetric square tube without collapse. This result can provide reference for the analysis of this process and evaluation and improvement of product defects.
The elastic interaction of divacancies and extended dislocations in F.C.C. metals

The energies and the forces resulting from the interaction of dislocations having orientations ranging from pure screw to pure edge and divacancies existing along the various 〈110〉 directions in f.c.c. metals have been computed. The interaction energy is maximum when the divacancy is along the Burgers vector of a perfect dislocation in purely edge orientation. The maximum interaction force occurs when the divacancy exists along a direction perpendicular to the Burgers vector of a perfect edge dislocation. Splitting of a dislocation even to a small extent (by a few atomic distances) significantly lowers the interaction energy and the interaction force. The computed energy values were used to estimate the maximum binding energy between a divacancy and a dislocation, a divacancy and a tetrahedral stacking fault, and the hardening coefficient. The estimated values of these were compared with experimental results obtained in as-quenched gold. On a calcule les energies et les forces resultant de l'interaction des dislocations dont l'orientation varie de parfaitement helicoidale a parfaitement lineaire et des bilacunes suivant les differentes directions 〈110〉 dans les metaux cubiques a faces centrees. L'energie d'interaction atteint un maximum lorsque la bilacune suit le vecteur Burgers d'une dislocation dont l'orientation est parfaitement lineaire. La force d'interaction maximale correspond a une bilacune perpendiculaire au vecteur Burgers d'une dislocation lineaire parfaite. La separation d'une dislocation, měme tres faible (quelques distances interatomiques), reduit considerablement l'energie d'interaction et la force d'interaction. Les valeurs d'energie calculees servent a evaluer l'energie de liaison maximale entre une bilacune et une dislocation, puis une bilacune et un defaut d'empilement tetraedrique, ainsi que le coefficient de durcissement. Les valeurs prevues sont comparees a des resultats d'essais sur de l'or brut de trempe.
Role of substrate material in failure of crown‐like layer structures

The role of substrate modulus on critical loads to initiate and propagate radial cracks to failure in curved brittle glass shells on compliant polymeric substrates is investigated. Flat glass disks are used to drive the crack system. This configuration is representative of dental crown structures on dentin support in occlusal contact. Specimens are fabricated by truncating glass tubes and filling with epoxy-based substrate materials, with or without alumina filler for modulus control. Moduli ranging from 3 to 15 GPa are produced in this way. Critical loads for both initiation and propagation to failure increase monotonically with substrate modulus, by a factor of two over the data range. Fracture mechanics relations provide a fit to the data, within the scatter bands. Finite element analysis is used to determine stress distributions pertinent to the observed fracture modes. It is suggested that stiffer substrate materials offer potential for improved crown lifetime in dental practice.
Spatial Studies of Planetary Nebulae with IRAS

The infrared sizes at the four IRAS wavelengths of 57 planetaries, most with 20-60 arcsec optical size, are derived from spatial deconvolution of one-dimensional survey mode scans. Survey observations from multiple detectors and hours confirmed (HCON) observations are combined to increase the sampling to a rate that is sufficient for successful deconvolution. The Richardson-Lucy deconvolution algorithm is used to obtain an increase in resolution of a factor of about 2 or 3 from the normal IRAS detector sizes of 45, 45, 90, and 180 arcsec at wavelengths 12, 25, 60, and 100 microns. Most of the planetaries deconvolve at 12 and 25 microns to sizes equal to or smaller than the optical size. Some of the planetaries with optical rings 60 arcsec or more in diameter show double-peaked IRAS profiles. Many, such as NGC 6720 and NGC 6543 show all infrared sizes equal to the optical size, while others indicate increasing infrared size with wavelength. Deconvolved IRAS profiles are presented for the 57 planetaries at nearly all wavelengths where IRAS flux densities are 1-2 Jy or higher.
In situ monitoring of laser cleaning by coupling a pulsed laser beam with a scanning electron microscope

Lasers have proved to be effective tools for material processing at the micron and nanometer scales. In particular, laser interaction with nanostructures offers the unique advantage of highly localized excitation and heating. In this study, a short-pulsed laser beam is coupled to a scanning electron microscope, without disturbing the microscopy function, in order to study in situ laser cleaning of individual submicron particles from a silicon substrate. The substrate conditions before and after particle removal were inspected by electron microscopy. The mechanisms of particle removal and the underlying dynamic coupling of the laser radiation associated with particle cleaning are investigated.
EIGHTEEN NEW SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN SCENOPINIDAE (DIPTERA)

i Eighteen new Australian Scenopinidae are described. The keys to the genera in which they fall are revised to accommodate them. The characters of the males of the genus Riekiella have been established. As is the case in Africa, South America and south western United States, the typical habitat for many genera of scenopinids appears to be confined to the hotter more arid areas of the continent, namely northern Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia. The new species described contain eleven new Scenopinus, namely S. bicuspis, S. cristafrons. S. downsi, S. harlevi, S. mendumae. S. millarae. S. limbunyai, S. lunulanotafrons. S. sanfordi. S. triquetrus. and S. trigelasinus; six new Riekiella. namely R. cetrata, R. cornuta. R. cuspidata, R. denticulata. R. nicholsi and R. woodwardi; Paramonova bushi is the only new species from this genus.