cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Striking a balance: training medical students to provide empathetic care.

Introduction Medical students face many challenges as they progress through training, some of which refer to learning how to manage the stresses and anxiety of confronting illness and suffering. In trying to relieve anxiety, they may develop maladaptive responses that lead to a decrease in their level of empathy for patients. Education should aim to teach students how to deal with their responses so that they can tolerate patients' distress and treat them effectively. Aims This paper will address central dilemmas in students' attitudes towards patients during clerkships and suggest positive developmental goals to strive for in this formative time. It may be used as a reference tool for medical student educators and medical students to elucidate the educational tensions in teaching and learning about how to provide empathetic care. Conclusion Students and teachers can benefit from an awareness of the tension between the poles of pathology and health, not knowing and too much knowing, vulnerability and denial and reaction and inaction. Medical students can learn adaptive methods of managing their anxiety about dealing with illness and death and strike a balance in their approach to patients.
MP core: algorithm and design techniques for efficient channel estimation in wireless applications

Channel estimation and multiuser detection are enabling technologies for future generations of wireless applications. However, sophisticated algorithms are required for accurate channel estimation and multiuser detection, and real-time implementation of these algorithms is difficult. This paper presents architectural design methods for wireless channel estimation which can be leveraged to enable real-time multiuser detection. We redesign the matching pursuit (MP) channel estimation algorithm to reduce the complexity while maintaining the estimation accuracy. Furthermore, we develop a parameterized intellectual property (IP) core, which provides a hardware implementation of the MP algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and ef- ficiency of the new algorithm and IP core for channel estimation. The implementation of our MP core on a modern, high performance reconfigurable system is about 216 times faster than running the algorithm on a state of the art microprocessor. The MP core possesses the speed required for performing true multiuser detection, enabling future generations of wireless communication applications.
Predictive subset testing for IC performance

Predictive subset testing is based on a statistical model of parametric process variation. In this Monte Carlo approach, a statistical process simulation, coupled with circuit simulation, is used to determine the joint probability distribution of a set of circuit performances. By evaluating the joint probability distribution, rather than assuming the performances to be independent, correlations that exist between them can be exploited and the number of performances that need to be explicitly tested can be reduced. Once a subset of performances for explicit testing has been identified, regression models for the untested performances are constructed, and, from the confidence intervals, limits are assigned for the tested performances. In this manner, the values of the untested performances can be predicted, reducing test complexity and cost. >
Analysis and Synthesis Techniques of Oriented Communication Nets

An oriented communication net is a communication network in which channel capacities between pairs of terminals are not symmetrical. Such a system can be represented by an oriented graph. The concept of a minimum-valued cut is used to determine the terminal-capacity matrix which gives the maximum possible communication between any ordered pair of terminals. Necessary conditions for a terminal capacity matrix to be realizable as an oriented communication network are obtained. These conditions are shown to be sufficient when the order of the terminal capacity matrix is three or less. They are not sufficient for higher-order cases in general. Synthesis techniques based on matrix partition and matrix addition are used to realize any three-by-three terminal capacity matrix with extensions to some higher-order cases.
Effect of controlled asymmetry on the switching characteristics of ring-based MRAM design

It was suggested that the shape effects are responsible for the vortex formation and chirality in circular ring elements. We found that the introduction of well-controlled asymmetry into permalloy rings provides precise control of the switching mechanism and leads to improved switching characteristics.
Bilateral teleoperation of a wheeled mobile robot over delayed communication network

We consider bilateral teleoperation of a wheeled mobile robot over communication channels with constant delays. Our main objective is to enable humans to control the mobile robot much as they drive a car: i.e. by operating a master haptic joystick, they can control the linear velocity and heading angle of the mobile robot, much like they do so with the gas pedal and steering wheel. Passivity of the closed-loop system is also enforced so that, even with communication delays, humans can stably and safely teleoperate the wheeled mobile robot with force-reflection. A semi-experiment (i.e. real master/simulated slave) is performed to validate the proposed framework
Behavioral-Level Test Development

An argument is made that the economics of test development in the LSI-VLSI era require creation and use of test development software aids that operate from high-level behavioral circuit models. Behavioral models are defined to be abstract specifications of the circuit function. Problems with the use of current-day gate-level software aids are discussed. Suggestions are given for implementing behavioral-level test generation tools. Recent work in this area at Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is discussed.
A Request for Information concerning Newly Reported Meteoritic Falls

The cooperation of all persons concerned, in supplying 7 essential items of information regarding newly reported meteoritic falls, is solicited, for the reasons stated.
Acetylcholine receptor gating is influenced by the polarity of amino acids at position 9' in the M2 domain.

Ligand-gated ion channels contain a conserved leucine at position 9′ (L9′) in the M2 transmembrane domain. We used multiple substitutions at this position in the γ subunit of the mouse acetylcholine receptor (AChR) (γL9′) to examine the role of residue polarity at this position in the gating process at both the macroscopic and single-channel levels. The midpoint of the macroscopic dose-response relationship (EC50) and the channel closing rate constant, α, decreased as the polarity of the residue at that position increased, suggesting a stabilization of the open state of the channel. Both parameters showed similar dependencies on the polarity of the substituted residue. These data support the notion that during AChR gating, the amino acid at the 9′ position moves into a polar environment, and that interactions between this residue and the polar environment determine the stability of the open state. Since this residue is conserved in all other members of the ligand-gated ion channel family, we suggest that a similar mechanism applies to the other members of the family.
Monotonic and Transient Creep Experiments for Single Phase Gamma TiAl at Intermediate Temperatures

Monotonic creep experiments (constant stress and constant temperature) of a single phase {gamma} Ti{sub 47}Al{sub 51}Mn{sub 2} were conducted within a temperature region where the yield stress anomaly is observed (500 C--600 C). The creep strength was found to have a normal temperature dependence. In addition to the monotonic creep experiments, temperature change experiments were performed. The creep activation energy obtained by the transient experiments was found to be significantly lower than that obtained from the monotonic experiments. TEM observations indicate that the microstructure evolves throughout creep, and no evidence of the formation of subgrains was observed. Instead, the mobility and the multiplication of ordinary dislocations were found to play a dominant role in intermediate temperature creep of single phase {gamma}TiAl.
IDDQ testing in low power supply CMOS circuits

The I/sub DDQ/ current testing for low power circuits is investigated. Two examples of low power circuits are considered. One involves strictly a decrease in supply voltage, the other reduces supply voltage simultaneously with a scaling down of transistor parameters. Based on the theoretical and simulation results, the gap between faulty I/sub DDQ/ and fault-free I/sub DDQ/ can be seen to decrease in low power supply circuits. For I/sub DDQ/ testing to be effective, the gap should be discriminative. A method of partitioning is provided to solve this problem.
Thema: Byzantine-fault-tolerant middleware for Web-service applications

Distributed applications composed of collections of Web services may call for diverse levels of reliability in different parts of the system. Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) is a general strategy that has recently been shown to be practical for the development of certain classes of survivable, client-server, distributed applications; however, little research has been done on incorporating it into selective parts of multi-tier, distributed applications like Web services that have heterogeneous reliability requirements. To understand the impacts of combining BFT and Web services, we have created Thema, a new BFT middleware system that extends the BFT and Web services technologies to provide a structured way to build Byzantine-fault-tolerant, survivable Web services that application developers can use like other Web services. From a reliability perspective, our enhancements are also novel in that they allow Byzantine-fault-tolerant services: (1) to support the multi-tiered requirements of Web services, and (2) to provide standardized Web services support for their own clients (through WSDL interfaces and SOAP communication). In this paper we study key architectural implications of combining BFT with Web services and provide a performance evaluation of Thema using the TPC-W benchmark.
POLITICAL RECRUITMENT IN SARAWAK: A CASE STUDY OF LEADERSHIP IN A NEW STATE*

TN ADDITION to the ultimate objective of providing personnel for I governmental posts, the process of political recruitment provides information about the values of a society, the distribution of political influence and its fluctuations, and the process of policy formulation. Prior to the moment when any group gains political power, the field of potential political actors is narrowed by a continuing screening process. Dominant values of the society as a whole and those of individual groups largely determine the attributes required for initiation into roles culminating in a future leadership position. Factors such as religion, ethnic origin, social class and status, family name, etc. are crucial in the preliminary selection. By analyzing the background of political decision-makers we begin to understand the requirements for leadership in a particular culture and the factors which constitute political influence.' Considerable emphasis is placed upon the role of political recruitment in both Western and non-Western countries as an indicator of social change, since the character of leadership generally reflects the dominant values and power structures of society. As change occurs, the characteristics of a newly recruited leadership indicate which geographic, cultural, or economic groups are gaining or losing access to the political system and which values are becoming dominant for the society as a whole. If, for example, a society is engaged in a gradual but continuous process of industrialization and modernization, we would expect to see a change from purely ascriptive
A Comparative Trial of a Combination of Clomipramine (Anafranil) and Insidon and Limbitrol

In an earlier clinical trial we showed that in the treatment of anxiety as seen in a popu­ lation of general practice patients, opipramol (Insidon, Geigy) and chlordiazepoxide (Lib­ rium, Roche), had similar therapeutic efficacy (Murphy, Donald & Beaumont 1970). Clo­ mipramine (Anafranil, Geigy) has been shown by many investigators to be a potent anti­ depressant. Since anxiety and depression frequendy co-exist in the type of psychiatric disorder most commonly seen in general practice, combination products of anti­ depressant and anxiolytic have been intro­ duced. We, therefore, decided to examine the value of a combination of Anafranil and Insidon in the treatment of these mixed states, and in order to do this conducted a double blind trial in which this combination was compared against an already acknowledged effective combination, Limbitrol (Roche), which contains amitryptyline and chlordiaze­ poxide.
Studies on the Images of Truncated Periodic Targets formed by a Human Eye in the Presence of SCE-I

The intensity distribution in the diffraction images of truncated, one-dimensional periodic incoherent objects formed by a human eye in the presence of SCE-I are obtained. Image modulations and average irradiance have been determined.
Coulomb excitation measurements of reduced E 2 and E 4 transition matrix elements in Dy 1 5 6 , 1 5 8 , Er 1 6 2 , 1 6 4 , and Yb 168

The reduced $E2$ and $E4$ transition matrix elements were measured for $^{156,158}\mathrm{Dy}$, $^{162,164}\mathrm{Er}$, and $^{168}\mathrm{Yb}$ via Coulomb excitation with $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles at energies below those where nuclear effects are expected to contribute significantly. Charge deformation parameters ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}^{c}$ and ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{4}^{c}$ were extracted from these matrix elements by assuming the charge distribution to have a deformed Fermi distribution form with quadrupole and hexadecapole components. Values of $〈{0}^{+}\ensuremath{\parallel}(E2)\ensuremath{\parallel}{2}^{+}〉$ of 1.929, 2.161, 2.238, 2.341, and 2.402 eb were found for $^{156,158}\mathrm{Dy}$, $^{162,164}\mathrm{Er}$, and $^{168}\mathrm{Yb}$, respectively, with \ensuremath{\lesssim}1% uncertainty. The values of $〈{0}^{+}\ensuremath{\parallel}M(E4)\ensuremath{\parallel}{4}^{+}〉$ for these same respective nuclei are ${0.21}_{\ensuremath{-}0.20}^{+0.16}$, ${0.16}_{\ensuremath{-}0.15}^{+0.10}$, ${0.16}_{\ensuremath{-}0.26}^{+0.14}$, ${0.12}_{\ensuremath{-}0.13}^{+0.12}$, and ${0.19}_{\ensuremath{-}0.19}^{+0.14}$ ${\mathit{e}\mathrm{b}}^{2}$.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{156,159}\mathrm{Dy}(\ensuremath{\alpha},{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}})$, $^{162,164}\mathrm{Er}(\ensuremath{\alpha},{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}})$, $^{168}\mathrm{Yb}(\ensuremath{\alpha},{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}})$, ${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}=12\ensuremath{-}13$ MeV; measured Coulomb excitation cross sections relative to elastic cross sections at ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{lab}}=150\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$; deduced $〈{0}^{+}\ensuremath{\parallel}M(E2)\ensuremath{\parallel}{2}^{+}〉$, $〈{0}^{+}\ensuremath{\parallel}M(E4)\ensuremath{\parallel}{4}^{+}〉$, using rotational model; extracted charges deformation parameters ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}^{c}$, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{4}^{c}$ from rotational model and Fermi charge distribution. Enriched targets.
Levetiracetam in Landau-Kleffner Syndrome

A 5-year-old girl with seizures and progressive language deterioration and a diagnosis of Landau-Kleffner syndrome was benefited by treatment with levetiracetam at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.
A 3-D Numerical Model for Ablation Phenomena and Thermal Stress Evolution During Laser Machining

A full 3-D transient model is developed for the ablation phenomena and thermal stress evolution during laser cutting and/or drilling of ceramic plates. The computational methodology is based on the Galerkin finite element method along with the use of a fixed grid algorithm to treat the thermal ablation resulting from an applied laser source. The present model is able to model any complex ablation operations involving discontinuity in geometries, as encountered in laser cutting and laser drilling operations. This is an advantage over the front tracking method by which the ablation moving interface is precisely tracked in time and which is useful for simple geometries. The laser ablation model is coupled with a thermal stress model to predict the evolution of thermal stresses, which arise due to a rapid change in thermal gradient near the laser beams. Model predictions compare well with the available data in literature for a simple configuration. Results obtained from model for both dual pulsed laser cutting and single laser drilling are discussed.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Review of Select Practice Parameters, Evidence-Based Treatment Algorithms, and International Guidelines for Hereditary Angioedema

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare bradykinin-mediated disease that is characterized by recurrent attacks of subcutaneous or submucosal edema, which can be life threatening. HAE affects all ethnic groups equally and does not differentiate between age, sex, or race. However, the availability of therapies varies amongst countries resulting in a lack of uniformity of care. Not only is there a disparity of medication availability, but since HAE is a rare disease, it is frequently overlooked and the diagnosis is missed. Even with diagnosis, treatment and management is often less than optimal. For these reasons, it is essential to have practice parameters and guidelines. In this chapter, we focus on recent guidelines. These guidelines deal with recognition, diagnosis, medical care, patient management, and assessment, all which are essential to provide optimal care to people with a rare and orphan disease. The intent of the guidelines, and thus this chapter, is to reduce morbidity and mortality, and restore a normal quality of life for the patient with HAE. We will review the guidelines from various regions of the world as well as international group recommendations. In addition, specific patient populations such as the pregnant, elderly, and juvenile require modified treatment regimens, and for this reason, we have included these data as well. The intent of this chapter is to aid the practitioner in holistic care of the patient with HAE in order to ultimately provide the best standard of care possible.
A Study on the Value Generation of Industrial Heritage from the Perspective of STS

As a product of technological evolution and upgrade,industrial heritage is built on the social choices and needs of heritage value,whose value is reproduced and realized in the cultural transmission and continuation. Industrial heritage demonstrates its inherent human creativity and technological achievements by providing typical research materials of technical invention,industrial development and technological culture. It allows of no delay to have a deep understanding of the foundations for industrial heritage generalization,explore its existing values and deep-seated essence,raise people's consciousness of industrial heritage,and promote effective protection and application.
Protective effect of magnesium on brain with acute ischemia and reperfusion injury

AIM: To dynamically observe the protective effect of magnesium on the brain with ischemia and reperfusion injury in the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) rat model using the device of laser Doppler flowmetry(LDF).METHODS: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats(280-300 g) were used to establish MCAO model with the conventional line-embolism method.The rats were divided into 4 groups according to the initial time of peritoneal injection of magnesium sulfate(MgSO4).The rats in MgSO4 groups were treated with 25% MgSO4 at 160 mg/kg at time points of 20 min,30 min and 40 min after ischemia.The rats in control group were treated with the same volume of normal saline.The real-time fluctuation of the local cerebral blood flow(CBF) was dynamically monitored by LDF.The degree of nervous functional defect was evaluated by calculating the neurological impairment score of the rats after suffered from 2 h ischemia and followed with 24 h reperfusion.All the rats were killed with an end breaking method,and the volumes of brain infarction were evaluated by TTC staining at the brain slices obtained by autopsy.RESULTS: The fluctuating features in 3 MgSO4 treatment groups were as follows: when reperfusion began,the local CBF appeared and increased smoothly,then approached to its baseline step by step,and kept at the stable level in the whole reperfusion period.The CBF in control group fluctuated sharply in the whole reperfusion period associated with the heart beating,which was significantly different from those in MgSO4 treatment groups.The average volume of brain infarction in MgSO4 treatment groups was 26.5%,36.5% and 24.5%,respectively,and was 54.0% in control group.The local nervous defect scores in MgSO4 treatment groups were 5.670±1.003,8.670±1.211 and 7.170±1.472,respectively,and was 11.170±0.983 in control group.CONCLUSION: Vasomotor functional improvement might be one of the protective mechanisms of magnesium on the brain with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in acute ischemic stroke.
Congestive Heart Failure in the Infant: A Functional Approach

Presentation of a functional basis for congestive heart failure and the adaptive mechanisms available in infants and discussion of the clinical manifestations and biochemical alterations in terms of the altered functional state provide the basis for a rational approach to management.
The potential role of homocysteine in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI): review of current evidence and plausibility of action.

Several millions of patients with coronary heart disease worldwide are treated by means of percutaneous interventions each year. Above all conventional balloon dilation and implantation of uncoated stents are, however, only of limited success as reflected by 6-month restenosis rates of 50% (balloon dilation) and 25-35% (bare-metal stent). It is therefore of utmost importance to identify high-risk groups and explore further secondary-prophylactic measures for the prevention of restenosis. A large body of evidence suggests that elevated homocysteine and/or folate and B-vitamin deficiencies are relevant risk factors for restenoses due to their proatherothrombotic potential. Hyperhomocysteinemia is an ideal target as this parameter can be lowered easily, safely and at a low cost by means of folate and B-vitamin supplementation. The results of published studies exploring a potential correlation between homocysteine levels and the risk of restenosis and those of interventional studies for the reduction of the risk of restenosis have not yet lead to consistent conclusions. However, a critical assessment can by no means exclude the plausibility of postinterventional lowering of homocysteine levels. This review aims at providing insight into the current evidence and biological plausibility of homocysteine-lowering therapy in regard to PCI-related vascular damage. Currently available clinical observational and interventional studies are reviewed in detail.
Roll-to-Roll Nanomanufacturing of Hybrid Nanostructures for Energy Storage Device Design.

A key limitation to the practical incorporation of nanostructured materials into emerging applications is the challenge of achieving low-cost, high throughput, and highly replicable scalable nanomanufacturing techniques to produce functional materials. Here, we report a benchtop roll-to-roll technique that builds upon the use of binary solutions of nanomaterials and liquid electrophoretic assembly to rapidly construct hybrid materials for battery design applications. We demonstrate surfactant-free hybrid mixtures of carbon nanotubes, silicon nanoparticles, MoS2 nanosheets, carbon nanohorns, and graphene nanoplatelets. Roll-to-roll electrophoretic assembly from these solutions enables the controlled fabrication of homogeneous coatings of these nanostructures that maintain chemical and physical properties defined by the synergistic combination of nanomaterials utilized without adverse effects of surfactants or impurities that typically limit liquid nanomanufacturing routes. To demonstrate the utility of thi...
Metabolism of Infected Cells

Information on the metabolism of the nucleic acids and proteins in virus-infected cells is fundamental to an understanding of the mechanisms of virus synthesis and assembly; it may also aid in the understanding of some of the causes that underlie cellular pathology and may provide a rational approach to the chemotherapy of virus infection.
The Devil is still in the Data: Persistent Spatial Data Handling Challenges in Grassroots GIS

In the past decade we have seen tremendous expansion and diversification of the loosely-knit ‘community’ of GIS users. Simpler user interfaces, more powerful desktop applications, declining relative costs, and the increasing availability of digital geospatial data have lowered barriers to GIS adoption and use for some new users. The growing involvement of community activists, local-level civic institutions, and non governmental organizations in governance roles has also contributed to this diversification of GIS users. Many of these groups, in urban and rural settings around the world, have begun to use GIS and geospatial data to inform their planning, problem solving and service delivery activities. Participatory GIS (PPGIS) research has devoted nearly a decade of work to understanding the needs, resources and constraints of these grassroots GIS users and examined how their GIS applications are shaped by the social, political, and economic contexts in which they occur. Researchers have developed conceptualiza-
Does inversion affect boundary extension for briefly-presented views?

ABSTRACTInverting scenes interferes with visual perception and memory on many tasks. Might scene inversion eliminate boundary extension (BE) for briefly-presented photographs? In Experiment 1, an upright or inverted photograph (133, 258, or 383 ms) was followed by a 258 ms masked interval and a test photograph showing the identical view. Test photographs were rated as “same”, “closer”, or “farther away” (5-point scale). BE was just as great for inverted as upright views at the 133 and 383 ms durations, but surprisingly was greater for inverted views at the 258 ms duration. In Experiment 2, 258-ms views yielded greater BE when the study photographs were always tested in the opposite orientation, indicating that the difference in BE was related to encoding. Results suggest that scene construction beyond the view boundaries occurs rapidly and is not impeded by scene inversion, but that changes in the relative quality of visual details available for upright and inverted views may sometimes yield increased BE ...
Bridging Aesthetics and Positivism in IS Visual Systems Design with Neuroscience: A Pluralistic Research Framework and Typology

In this paper, we proposed a neuroscience-based general framework for IS visual systems design that uses neuroscience as the bridge that systematically integrates the principles of design aesthetics and principles of positivistic functionalities into a comprehensive model. Based on our general conceptual model, we also provide a detailed typological framework for the practical IS visual systems design.
Complexities in Measuring Teacher Noticing: Commentary

With the growing research base on teacher noticing has come a similar expansion of methodologies used to measure teacher noticing. The six chapters in this section reflect a range of methodologies, and this commentary is organized around three methodological considerations showcased in the chapters: (a) adoption of a conception of teacher noticing, (b) design of data-collection tools, and (c) choice of data analysis lenses.
Moving horizon control and estimation of a hybrid process

Abstract A moving horizon method is presented for use in control and estimation of dynamic processes. System disturbances are treated as faults which occur in discrete combinations. Process measurements are used to formulate and solve a Mixed Integer (MI) optimization problem on-line for estimating unmeasured fault/disturbance levels. The estimated disturbances are then used to update a Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm. Analysis of the mixed integer estimation method is provided. The control and estimation method is applied to a carbon dioxide absorber simulation case study.
Proteomic characterization of paired non-malignant and malignant African-American prostate epithelial cell lines distinguishes them by structural proteins

While many factors may contribute to the higher prostate cancer incidence and mortality experienced by African-American men compared to their counterparts, the contribution of tumor biology is underexplored due to inadequate availability of African-American patient-derived cell lines and specimens. Here, we characterize the proteomes of non-malignant RC-77 N/E and malignant RC-77 T/E prostate epithelial cell lines previously established from prostate specimens from the same African-American patient with early stage primary prostate cancer. In this comparative proteomic analysis of RC-77 N/E and RC-77 T/E cells, differentially expressed proteins were identified and analyzed for overrepresentation of PANTHER protein classes, Gene Ontology annotations, and pathways. The enrichment of gene sets and pathway significance were assessed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Signaling Pathway Impact Analysis, respectively. The gene and protein expression data of age- and stage-matched prostate cancer specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed. Structural and cytoskeletal proteins were differentially expressed and statistically overrepresented between RC-77 N/E and RC-77 T/E cells. Beta-catenin, alpha-actinin-1, and filamin-A were upregulated in the tumorigenic RC-77 T/E cells, while integrin beta-1, integrin alpha-6, caveolin-1, laminin subunit gamma-2, and CD44 antigen were downregulated. The increased protein level of beta-catenin and the reduction of caveolin-1 protein level in the tumorigenic RC-77 T/E cells mirrored the upregulation of beta-catenin mRNA and downregulation of caveolin-1 mRNA in African-American prostate cancer specimens compared to non-malignant controls. After subtracting race-specific non-malignant RNA expression, beta-catenin and caveolin-1 mRNA expression levels were higher in African-American prostate cancer specimens than in Caucasian-American specimens. The “ECM-Receptor Interaction” and “Cell Adhesion Molecules”, and the “Tight Junction” and “Adherens Junction” pathways contained proteins are associated with RC-77 N/E and RC-77 T/E cells, respectively. Our results suggest RC-77 T/E and RC-77 N/E cell lines can be distinguished by differentially expressed structural and cytoskeletal proteins, which appeared in several pathways across multiple analyses. Our results indicate that the expression of beta-catenin and caveolin-1 may be prostate cancer- and race-specific. Although the RC-77 cell model may not be representative of all African-American prostate cancer due to tumor heterogeneity, it is a unique resource for studying prostate cancer initiation and progression.
Velocity Optimization of Pure Electric Vehicles with Traffic Dynamics Consideration

As Electric Vehicles (EVs) become increasingly popular, their battery-related problems (e.g., short driving range and heavy battery weight) must be resolved as soon as possible. Velocity optimization of EVs to minimize energy consumption in driving is an effective alternative to handle these problems. However, previous velocity optimization methods assume that vehicles will pass through traffic lights immediately at green traffic signals. Actually, a vehicle may still experience a delay to pass a green traffic light due to a vehicle waiting queue in front of the traffic light. In this paper, for the first time, we propose a velocity optimization system which enables EVs to immediately pass green traffic lights without delay. We collected real driving data on a 4.0 km long road section of US-25 highway to conduct extensive trace-driven simulation studies. The experimental results from Matlab and Simulation for Urban MObility (SUMO) traffic simulator show that our velocity optimization system reduces energy consumption by up to 17.5% compared with real driving patterns without increasing trip time.
Non-surgical management of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States, 2004–2015: an NCDB analysis

Background: Surgical resection is the standard of care for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), but only a minority of patients are managed surgically. Other modalities, including external beam radiation (XRT), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and radioactive implants (RIs) have been employed with significant heterogeneity of prognosis reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographics of patients with ICC managed non-surgically and compare prognosis in patients managed surgically to those that underwent XRT, RFA, or RI. Methods: All patients diagnosed with ICC from 2004 to 2015 in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) were reviewed. Patient demographics, treatments, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Results: Of the 6,140 patients with ICC, 4,374 (71%) did not undergo surgery. Patients managed non-surgically were typically older, treated at community centers, more likely to have severe fibrosis or cirrhosis, and present with higher stage disease. The strongest association to receipt of XRT, RI, or RFA modalities was treatment at an academic center. Increased clinical stage was associated with decreased use of RFA; a significantly higher proportion of patients with stage IV disease were given no local therapy. RFA associated with a statistically significant survival benefit over no local therapy only in stage I disease (2.1 vs . 0.7 years, P=0.012) as well as XRT over no local therapy (1.7 vs . 0.7 years, P=0.009). No survival benefit was realized for any treatment in stage II disease. Patients with stage III disease had a survival benefit from XRT versus no local therapy (0.9 vs . 0.6 years, P=0.029) and RI over no local therapy (1.2 vs . 0.6 years, P=0.013). Patients with stage IV disease only demonstrated survival benefit from RI over no local therapy (0.9 vs . 0.3 years, P=0.014). Conclusions: The majority of patients with ICC in the United States continue to be managed non-surgically. RFA was associated with improved survival only in stage I disease. XRT was associated with improved survival in stage I & III disease, while RI was associated with improved survival in stage III and IV disease.
Leuconostoc species endocarditis in an intravenous drug user.

Abstract Infective endocarditis is a potentially lethal infection, which predominantly affects the atrioventricular valves. Rapid identification and management is critical to reduce morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Herein, we present a case of a 24-year-old man with Leuconostoc species infective endocarditis of the aortic valve. Disease course was complicated by several septic emboli to the brain, central retinal artery, and spleen. This case serves to remind clinicians that Leuconostoc species, which are typically not pathogenic to human species, can cause infective endocarditis in individuals with a history of intravenous drug use.
Quintuple: A Tool for Introducing Quantum Computing Into the Classroom

In May 2016 IBM released access to its 5-qubit quantum computer to the scientific community, its “IBM Quantum Experience” since acquiring over 60,000 users from students, educators and researchers around the globe. In the time since the “IBM Quantum Experience” became available, a flurry of research results on 5-qubit systems has been published derived from the platform hardware. Quintuple is an open-source object-oriented Python module implementing the ideal simulation of “IBM’s Quantum Experience” hardware. Quintuple quantum algorithms can be programmed and run via a custom language fully compatible with the “IBM’s Quantum Experience” or in pure Python. Over 40 example programs are provided with expected results, including Grover’s Algorithm and the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. Quintuple’s implementation is aimed at students and educators wishing to incorporate quantum computing into the classroom and enables students to follow a quantum computing calculation step-by-step and to verify hand calculations. For these students and educators, Quintuple contributes to the study of 5-qubit systems and the development and debugging of quantum algorithms for deployment on the “IBM Quantum Experience” hardware.
Chapter 8 Sea Level Change

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the current ability of satellite altimetry for precisely measuring long-term sea-level variations, identifies limitations, and suggests future improvements. Satellite altimetry provides a means of overcoming the limitations of tide-gauge measurements because the measurements are truly global in distribution and tied to the earth's center-of-mass in a well-defined reference frame defined by the satellite tracking stations, in combination with other precise geodetic techniques. However, satellite altimetry is subject to its own unique set of errors, such as satellite orbit errors, errors in computing the atmospheric delay and sea-state corrections, and instrument errors. For many years, these errors severely limited the analysis of long-term changes in sea level using satellite altimetry, and T/P was the first mission with sufficient accuracy to allow real changes in mean sea level to be detected. A series of T/P-Jason-class satellite-altimeter missions should be able to measure the long-term rate of sea-level rise with about a decade of measurements, provided the instruments are precisely monitored using global positioning system (GPS)-positioned tide gauges.
Interplay Between Socioeconomic Status and Otitis Media Disease Burden in Resource-rich and Resource-poor Nations.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To characterize global differences in otitis media (OM)-related disease burden between socioeconomically advantaged and disadvantaged nations. METHODS Using the Global Health Data Exchange, worldwide OM burden was evaluated using age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000 individuals in 183 countries from 1990 to 2015. Countries were organized by socioeconomic status using Human Development Index (HDI) values collected from the United Nations Development Program. Gini coefficients and concentration indices were employed to analyze disparities in OM disease burden. RESULTS From 1990 to 2015, the mean DALY rate across all nations decreased by 21.9%. When considering disease burden in relation to socioeconomic status, age-standardized DALYs decreased as HDI values increased (p < 0.001). For both children and adults, DALY rates were significantly different between HDI groups (p < 0.01). Gini coefficients decreased from 0.821 in 1990 to 0.810 in 2015, indicating a modest reduction in international health inequality. Global disparities in OM disease burden, as measured by the concentration index, worsened from 1990 to 2010 before showing a small trend reversal in 2015. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first analysis investigating socioeconomic-related global disparities in OM disease burden using HDI values, Gini coefficients, and concentration indices. While the overall mean decrease in DALY rate from 1990 to 2015 is encouraging, the net decrease in concentration index during this period suggests less-developed nations continue to shoulder a disproportionate burden. Greater resource allocation to resource-poor nations may be warranted, as disease burden negatively impacts these countries to a greater degree.
Aristotle on the perception of universals

Aristotle claims that ‘although we perceive particulars, perception is of universals; for instance of human being, not of Callias-the-human-being’ (APo II.19 100a16–b1). I offer an interpretation o...
Characterization of Damping Properties in 3D Printed Structures

Current research on the effectiveness of a subordinate oscillator array (SOA) as a broadband mechanical filter relies on adequate knowledge of the SOAs material properties. Recent studies have shown a high sensitivity of these structures to disorder. A desire to produce large numbers of arrays to test this sensitivity to disorder motivated a transition from metal to 3-dimensional printed plastic SOAs. Irregularities associated with the curing process of the 3D printed polymers, as well as a general inconsistency of material properties of plastics, in turn highlighted the need for characterization of properties of 3D printed materials, especially those properties related to damping. As part of this study, several 3D printed plastic cantilevers, varying in material, printing technique, and printing orientation, are measured. Quantities of interest include the Young's modulus and density, as well as phenomenological properties, like the quality factor of specific designs. An ASTM standard test method for property determination is implemented with a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) to test each polymer. In addition to the ASTM protocol, tests are conducted in vacuum to distinguish internal damping mechanisms of the cantilever from external fluid mechanisms. Results are compared to both analytic and numeric predictions and published theory.
Presentation of Information Uncertainty from IoBT for Military Decision Making

The goal of this paper is to investigate uncertainty of information introduced at the final decision point and ways this information can be presented to potentially improve decision making. Uncertainty expressions and representations from different fields of study will be explored in this paper. While uncertainty is important to all types of decision making there is a focus on a simple task that is representative of a military relevant task in this paper. Supporting this effort will be the results from a recent experimental study where information from simulated Internet of Battlefield Thing (IoBT) devices were presented to Soldiers for a simplified decision making task with and without an uncertainty of information value given at preset decision making points. The presentation of this information was done in the Android Tactical Assault Kit (ATAK) which is a mapping engine that allows precision targeting, intelligence on surrounding land formations, navigation, and situational awareness. For this experimental study the software was modified to add a decision making component within the ATAK interface. Analysis of the data will help influence additional directions for future research and experimentation.
Perturbation of the interactions of calmodulin with GRK5 using a natural product chemical probe

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) are responsible for initiating desensitization of activated GPCRs. GRK5 is potently inhibited by the calcium-sensing protein calmodulin (CaM), which leads to nuclear translocation of GRK5 and promotion of cardiac hypertrophy. Herein, we report the architecture of the Ca2+·CaM-GRK5 complex determined by small-angle X-ray scattering and negative-stain electron microscopy. Ca2+·CaM binds primarily to the small lobe of the kinase domain of GRK5 near elements critical for receptor interaction and membrane association, thereby inhibiting receptor phosphorylation while activating the kinase for phosphorylation of soluble substrates. To define the role of each lobe of Ca2+·CaM, we utilized the natural product malbrancheamide as a chemical probe to show that the C-terminal lobe of Ca2+·CaM regulates membrane binding while the N-terminal lobe regulates receptor phosphorylation and kinase domain activation. In cells, malbrancheamide attenuated GRK5 nuclear translocation and effectively blocked the hypertrophic response, demonstrating the utility of this natural product and its derivatives in probing Ca2+·CaM-dependent hypertrophy.
Predictors of Hearing Aid Use in the Advanced Digital Era: An Investigation of Benefit, Satisfaction, and Self-Efficacy.

Untreated sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has been linked to depression, social isolation, anxiety, and a reduction in health-related quality of life (QoL), and is independently associated with cognitive decline. Only one in five persons with SNHL pursues amplification; 76–97% of those having hearing aids report regular or occasional use. Although hearing aid use during all waking hours is advocated for children, recommendations for adults are not as clear. Treatment outcomes, including benefit, satisfaction, and self-efficacy with hearing aids, may be predictors of self-reported hearing aid use, which is useful in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine average hours of self-reported daily hearing aid use by adults and if treatment outcome measures of benefit, satisfaction, and self-efficacy with hearing aids can predict self-reported daily hearing aid use in adults. The present study was a prospective cross-sectional survey with retrospective chart review. The study sample consisted of 152 experienced adult advanced digital technology (ADT) hearing aid users between 18 and 90 years of age who were patients in a two-office private practice in California. A postal survey was sent to 500 experienced adult ADT hearing aid users. Participants completed the Visual Analog Scale for Daily Use of Hearing Aids (VASuse) and validated measures of (1) self-efficacy, (2) satisfaction, and (3) benefit. Retrospective data were collected for all respondents via chart review. Multivariable linear regression was used to explore relationships between treatment outcomes and hearing aid use. Experienced hearing aid users wore their hearing aids an average of 12.0 h/day. Daily hearing aid use was significantly associated with residual participation restriction (RPR) on the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) item 5 (p = 0.02). The VASuse was significantly associated with the IOI-HA factor 1, “Me and My Hearing Aids” (p = 0.03), an aggregate measure of satisfaction, benefit, and QoL. Participants reported wearing their hearing aids an average of 12.0 h/day. Self-reported daily hearing aid use was associated with a combination of satisfaction, benefit, and increased QoL, and with RPR. The interconnectedness of satisfaction, benefit, and QoL positively affected hearing aid use, and greater levels of RPR seemed to discourage hearing aid use. If hearing aid owners are inconsistent or nonusers, then counseling and outcome measures should be used in the domains of satisfaction, benefit, and QoL. Future research should involve additional ADT hearing aid users with different experience levels across various study sites.
Teaching game design and game programming through interdisciplinary courses

We provide an experience report on experimental methods for teaching interdisciplinary courses on game and software design. We are working with two groups of students: an interdisciplinary group that studies game design and a group of computer science majors that studies game programming. Teams are formed across the two groups, and the groups collaborate to create game software. The designers learn about the process by which software is created, and the programmers learn how to effectively communicate with non-technical colleagues on a project. Formal team management processes were adopted at the beginning of the projects, but we found that external factors prevented the effective use of such professional approaches: the more informal approaches have required less oversight and time investment, have increased morale, and have not negatively impacted productivity. Our approach is compared to some other published work. We include our recommendations for adopting this interdisciplinary approach, and these recommendations are based on student feedback, the literature, and instructors' analysis.