cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Brush Stroke Synthesis Toolbox

A core component of natural media painting is the generation of brush strokes that have expressive qualities similar to real brush strokes, and subsequently there are many different approaches that have been explored in the research community. As a brush stroke is a physical phenomenon consisting of many stiff bristles in sliding contact with a canvas, simulation has been a popular approach, considering mesh and spline based models and physical and data-driven dynamics. Because of the difficulty of high fidelity physical simulation, an alternative approach is to acquire the dynamic shape of real bristle brushes during strokes, and then playback those deformations directly, driven by user input. Regardless of whether simulation or acquisition is used, the result is a discrete set of instantaneous brush shapes, which then must be combined into a continuous brush stroke. Available options include stamping and sweeping, with both raster and vector output capabilities. At the end of this chapter, the reader will have in his or her toolbox all the necessary tools to tailor brush stroke generation to particular input, output, and performance requirements.
Experimental improvement of 750-keV H- beam transport at LANSCE Accelerator Facility

Abstract The 750-keV low-energy beam transport of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) Linac consists of two independent beam lines that facilitate simultaneous injection of H + and H − beams into the linear accelerator. The efficiency of beam transport within this structure is largely controlled by the effects of space-charge neutralization. In this paper, we report a series of experiments that were performed to determine the level, as well as the required timescale for the onset of beam space charge neutralization. Measurements performed along the structure indicate significant variation of neutralized space charge beam dynamics in the beamline, and the corresponding results have been used to substantially improve beam transport with diminished beam losses. The analysis of experimental and theoretical data employed in optimization of beam performance in the transport line is discussed.
Suicidal Ideation in Bereavement: A Systematic Review

Background: Bereavement is associated with impaired mental health, increases in adverse health behaviors, and heightened risk of suicidal ideation, attempts, and death by suicide. The purpose of this literature review was to explore associations between cause of death and suicidal thoughts among bereaved individuals. Our aim was to compare incidence of suicidal ideation by cause of death and identify gaps in this literature to guide future research and clinical intervention. Methods: PRISMA-P guidelines were used to structure an electronic literature search in the PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases. The search focused on English language studies that were published before February 2019 and sought to compare rates of suicidal ideation among bereaved people who lost a loved one to suicide, accidental overdose, cancer, dementia, cardiovascular disease, and HIV/AIDs. Results: Nine articles were identified with suicide as cause of death, zero articles for accidental overdose, zero articles for cardiovascular disease, seven articles for cancer, one article for dementia, and one article for HIV/AIDs. Given the limited number of articles generated by our search, a formal meta-analysis was not appropriate. However, a comparison of results did suggest that suicide bereavement was associated with the highest rates of suicide ideation (14.1% to 49%). Stigma, isolation, avoidance behaviors, and psychological distress were associated with suicidal thoughts among bereaved individuals, regardless of the deceased’s cause of death. Conclusions: Findings of this literature search revealed significant gaps in the literature, especially regarding thoughts of suicide in bereaved survivors of accidental overdose and cardiovascular disease. Results suggest that multiple causes of death are associated with suicidal ideation in bereavement, but that suicide bereavement may be the cause of death associated with the highest risk of suicidal ideation. More research is needed to understand the ways in which cause of death influences prevalence, risk, and protective factors associated with suicidal thoughts among bereaved individuals.
Etiological and clinical characteristics of 457 children with lobar pneumonia in Henan

Objective To investigate the distribution of respiratory pathogens and its clinical characteristics of lobar pneumonia in children in Henan. Methods A total of 457 cases of large lobar pneumonia were collected from January 2006 to Dcecmber 2016, and there were 1 375 samples collected from these patients, including serum, sputum, pharynx swab and alveolar lavage fluid. Then these specimens were detected by bacteria culture, real time fluorescent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of antibodies and virus isolation, respectively. The age, sex, onset month were analyzed statistically. Results A total of 311 were positive in 457 patients (mycoplasma, bacteria, or virus positive), the positive rate was 68.05% (311/457), the pathogenic mycoplasma positive accounted for 45.66%(142/311), the virus and the bacteria accounted for 29.90%(93/311), 24.44%(76/311) respectively. Children under 3 years old had higher bacterial infections, the mycoplasma infection was higher in preschool age (3-7 years old). The proportion of viral infection was compared with the three age groups, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The clinical features of children with lobar pneumonia were higher onset rate in winter and spring. Children under 14 years old were susceptible, there were 165 cases (36.10%) between 3 and 5 years old, and the ratio of male to female was 1.63. Conclusions Lobar pneumonia in children is a multi-pathogen disease in Henan, mainly occurred in preschool and school-age children. Key words: Lobar pneumonia; Adenovirus; Epidemiology
High-frequency Reference System Implementations Utilizing Mirror-encapsulated BAW Resonators

This paper introduces TI's mirror-encapsulated bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator technology and two novel system applications. Similar to other BAW resonators, the dual-Bragg acoustic resonator (DBAR) utilizes piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AIN) thin film between two metal electrodes. However, the DBAR operation requires no cavity on either side of the resonant body. This unique micro-acoustic resonator technology enables cost-effective system integration in mass production. The first system application is a novel network synchronizer based on an integrated ultra-low noise voltage-controlled BAW oscillator (VCBO). When operating as a jitter cleaner, the synthesized output clock rms jitter can be reduced to less than 60 fs (12 kHz–20 MHz). The second application uses this 2.5 GHz DBAR-oscillator as a high-frequency reference clock, achieving a ±30 ppm Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) compliant crystal-less radio.
Diagnosing and treating occult vesicoureteric reflux using PIC cystography: Is it influenced by abnormalities on DMSA?

Summary Background Positioning the Instillation of Contrast cystography (PICc) is used to identify occult vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) despite optimized bladder and bowel function and without VUR demonstrated on conventional imaging. Aim To determine the incidence of finding occult VUR in such patients usingPICc and the benefit, if any, of treating it. We also assessed if this was influenced by abnormalities on the pre-operative DMSA. Patients and methods This was a retrospective review of PICc in our hospital between 2016 and 2018 and involved three paediatric urologists. The primary indication for PICc was two or more culture proven UTIs despite optimized bladder and bowel function and no reflux on voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) or indirect radionuclide cystography (I-RNC). All children had a preoperative DMSA scan to document any abnormalities. PICc was performed in a standardized way to each ureteric orifice. If occult reflux was found, it was treated concomitantly by cystoscopic injection of Deflux®. To assess the influence of the pre-operative DMSA status, the cohort was subdivided into two groups based on the DMSA scan: Group 1-abnormal DMSA, Group 2-normal DMSA. The median follow-up was 26 months (range 3–39 months). Results PICc was performed in 25 patients [23 females and 2 males; median age: 7 years (range 2–16 years; IQR = 4)]; 17 from Group 1 and 8 from Group 2. Occult VUR was identified in 22 patients (88%); 15/17 (88.2%) in Group 1 and 7/8 (87.5%) in Group 2 (p = 0.9). After cystoscopic treatment, 21/25 (84%) became infection free and this was not influenced by the preoperative DMSA status (p = 0.6). Fig 1. Discussion In this challenging group of patients, looking for and treating occult reflux appears to be clinically useful and beneficial. The ability to test and treat at the same sitting is an added advantage of PICc. The DMSA results did not influence the diagnostic or therapeutic aspect of the process. Our results concur with other published literature. Conclusion There is a high incidence of finding occult reflux using PICc in this cohort of patients. Concomitant cystoscopic treatment led to 84% of children becoming infection free on follow up. Abnormalities on DMSA did not influence either the likelihood of finding occult reflux or the likelihood of successful treatment. Download : Download high-res image (234KB) Download : Download full-size image Summary fig. .
DPCLS: Improving Partial Cache Line Sparing with Dynamics for Memory Error Prevention

On modern systems, memory failures constitute around half of the total hardware failures and negatively impact system reliability, availability, and serviceability. Partial cache line sparing (PCLS) is an error-prevention mechanism in memory controllers. PCLS statically encodes the locations of the faulty nibbles of bits into a sparing directory along with the corresponding data content for replacement during memory accesses. Due to the limited number of spare entries in memory controllers, the error-prevention capability of PCLS is weak. In this paper, we propose a new approach, dynamic PCLS (DPCLS), to overcome the weakness of PCLS. Different from the static error location encoding in the sparing directory in PCLS, DPCLS exploits the temporal localities in memory errors and uses a simple policy to dynamically admit and evict the faulty nibbles spared in the directory. Empirical evaluation demonstrates that DPCLS outperforms PCLS by avoiding more errors at the same cost of snare resources.
Library and Information Science Journal Editors’ Views on Query Letters

Query letters may offer an effective way to increase author engagement in the scholarly communication process, yet they are not a common practice in library and information science (LIS). A survey and interviews were conducted with LIS journal editors to explore experiences, attitudes, and opinions concerning query letters. Results indicate query letters can be of great benefit to both authors and editors, if approached properly. Yet editors expressed varying levels of enthusiasm and offered some divergent opinions. Such editorial inconsistencies may contribute to authors’ uncertainty and anxiety. Thus, this article concludes with ideas for empowering authors and improving editor-author communication.
Modeling Theories and Theorizing Models: an Attempted Replication of Miller-Cotto & Byrnes’ (2019) Comparison of Working Memory Models Using ECLS-K Data

Working memory is an essential mechanism in the cognitive learning process. However, its definitions and mechanisms remain a topic of debate. Miller-Cotto and Byrnes (Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(5), 1074–1084, 2020) reported a comparison of three models of working memory to determine which best accounted for data obtained from a national US dataset of young children over time (Early Childhood Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten). In comparing these models, which they derived from competing theories of working memory, they found that (1) one of the tested models best fit the available data and (2) the model parameters were similar across content domains, concluding that one specific theory of working memory was best supported. The study reported here is an attempted replication of this work. We implemented a multi-phase effort at replication, first undertaking a review of the literature surrounding competing theories of working memory to aid interpretation of results, then attempting a direct replication, and lastly applying an alternative modeling technique to appropriately differentiate between between- and within-person variance. Neither effort succeeded in fully replicating the original findings. Instead, we found that parsing between- and within-person variance is an essential strategy for appropriately interpreting the relationships between working memory and domain learning. Doing so led to support for different models across domains, and interpretation of aspects of these models through the lens of relevant theory suggested alternative strategies for examining these issues in future research.
Cardiorespiratory responses to acute bouts of high-intensity functional training and traditional exercise in physically active adults.

BACKGROUND High-intensity functional training is a popular form of exercise, but little is known about how it compares to more traditional exercise patterns. METHODS Thirty healthy, physically active adults (15 males, 15 females) performed a high-intensity functional training workout (HIFT) and a traditional workout (TRAD). Cardiorespiratory responses were measured during and for 15 min after each workout. RESULTS Peak heart rate (males: 187 ± 7 vs. 171 ± 10 bpm, p < .001; females: 191 ± 9 vs. 175 ± 6 bpm, p < .001), peak VO2 (males: 3.80 ± 0.58 vs. 3.26 ± 0.60 L/min, p < .001; females: 2.65 ± 0.26 vs. 2.36 ± 0.21, p < .001), and average 15 min recovery VO2 (males: 1.15 ± 0.20 vs. 0.99 ± 0.17 L/min, p < .001; females: 0.77 ± 0.10 vs. 0.71 ± 0.07 L/min, p = .019) were significantly higher in HIFT vs. TRAD. Aerobic energy expenditure was significantly higher in HIFT compared to TRAD in males (9.01 ± 1.43 vs. 8.53 ± 1.38 kcal/min, p = .002) but was not significantly different between the two workouts in females (6.04 ± 0.53 vs. 5.97 ± 0.50 kcal/min, p = .395). Post-exercise systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly higher than pre-exercise SBP following both HIFT (males: 124 ± 13 mmHg pre to 154 ± 28 mmHg post, p < .001; females: 110 ± 7 mmHg pre to 140 ± 15 mmHg post, p < .001) and TRAD (males: 124 ± 13 mmHg pre to 142 ± 16 mmHg post, p = .002; females: 112 ± 8 mmHg pre to 123 ± 10 mmHg post, p = .002), however, HIFT led to a greater increase compared to TRAD in females (p = .001). Post-exercise diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly lower than pre-exercise DBP following both HIFT (males: 77 ± 9 mmHg pre to 64 ± 6 mmHg post, p < .001; females: 71 ± 8 mmHg pre to 64 ± 7 mmHg post, p = .011) and TRAD (males: 82 ± 7 mmHg pre to 72 ± 7 mmHg post, p < .001; females: 73 ± 8 mmHg pre to 65 ± 8 mmHg post, p < .001). Mean arterial blood pressure was unchanged following both workouts. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity functional training may be an effective form of exercise for caloric expenditure and may elicit greater cardiorespiratory stress than traditional exercise.
Characterization of heat exposure-associated escape behaviors and HSP gene expression in bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.).

Background Heat can be effective for bed bug elimination. However, in some cases bed bugs survive heat treatments. The objectives of this study were to determine the behavioral responses of bed bugs to rising harborage temperatures (23.0-49.0 °C) and identify which heat shock protein (HSP) genes are expressed after heat exposure. First, a custom-made copper arena and harborage were used to determine the escape behaviors of six bed bug populations. Next, HSP gene expression responses of select populations were determined after heat exposure using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results Analysis of the 25 min behavioral experiment data found that harborage top temperatures associated with 25%, 50% and 75% probabilities of bed bugs to flee the harborage did not differ significantly between populations. Also, the percentage of insects that escaped from heated areas and survived (4.0-12.0%) was not different between populations. However, when specific temperatures at which successful escapes occurred were statistically compared, the Poultry House population was found to flee the harborage at statistically higher temperatures (43.6 ± 0.5 °C) than others (40.5 ± 0.6-42.0 ± 0.7 °C). The RT-qPCR experiments revealed that the HSP70.1, HSP70.3, and Putative Small HSP genes were significantly up-regulated 15 min, 2, and 4 h post-heat exposure and decreased back to baseline levels by 24 h. Conclusions This study shows that when harborage top temperatures approach 40.0-43.0 °C, bed bugs will disperse in search for cooler areas. This work implicates the HSP70.1, HSP70.3, and Putative Small HSP genes in heat induced stress recovery of bed bugs.
Quality: Initiatives You Should Know About But May Not Have Heard About

Unless you are spending your working time under the protection of and within the shelter of the proverbial rock you should be aware of the advancing impress of the concept, methods and policy demands of quality as it impinges on the practice of Medicine in the U.S. in general and the practice of radiology in your facility in particular. The facts and the folklore relating to quality are no longer recondite matters. Whatever your views on the Affordable Care Act, you know that measurements of quality are going to be matters for which you must become knowledgeable. For example, in a recent issue of JACR there is an article entitled “Medicare’s Physician Quality Reporting System: Early National Radiologists Experience and Near-Future Performance Projections”, which is a report on the utilization of Medicare’s Pay for Performance program known under the acronym PQRS. The program enables bonuses to be paid by those who comply with reporting and documentation obligations which are detailed and specific. The earliest bonuses to those who comply, that is those issued from 2007 to the present, will then reduce in amount through 2014. Then the “stick” of penalties will replace the “carrot” of financial awards by 2015. In the following year it will amount to 2 % of Medicare payments to individual physicians. It is clear that this program has “teeth” and that all of us, current participants and non-participants alike, should be aware of them for their financial implications for one thing and for the maintenance of our professional qualifications including MOC satisfaction for another. But while this particular initiative will garner our attention, more and more, I wish to alert you to another one, a program for which I suspect most of you have not heard about when unless you actively (1) practice in an academic environment and (2) are intimately involved in resident education and their accreditation obligations.
Stress and Religion

The relationship between religion and stress was a founding concern in sociology dating back to Durkheim's landmark research on suicide. The pathways through which religion and stress are connected are complicated, however, making research on the subject difficult. Existing literature demonstrates some positive influences of religious belief and participation on stress and distress, but the mechanisms of these effects are not precisely understood, nor is the research comprehensive. This entry presents several of the ways in which religion is believed to interact with stress. Unique challenges involved in the study of religion and stress are also discussed in addition to the opportunities for contemporary social scientists to make meaningful contributions to the subject. Keywords: health lifestyles; religion; social control; social support; stress
Fluid Plasma Simulation of Coupled Systems: Ionosphere and Magnetosphere

The coupling between the magnetosphere and the ionosphere is of major importance for the magnetospheric dynamics. The interaction of a highly collisionless plasma with a strongly collision dominated plasma requires an extension of the usual fluid plasma equations, to include the transport which dominates the ionospheric dynamics. Presented is a newsim ulation model which includes the ionospheric transport as source terms in the set of fluid plasma equations. Various aspects of the ionospheric influence are illustrated with the two-dimensional simulation of the formation and evolution of a field-aligned current layer in the ionosphere.
To reduce or abstain? Substance use goals in the treatment of veterans with substance use disorders and comorbid PTSD

Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUD) frequently co-occur. Previous research demonstrates the utility of goals in attaining improved SUD outcomes, however, no previous studies have examined goal choices in the context of integrated treatment for comorbid PTSD and SUD. Objectives The present study investigated correlates of treatment entry goals to either reduce or abstain from substance use. Methods Participants (N = 60) were treatment-seeking veterans with current PTSD and SUD. Participants completed self-report and clinician-rated measures of substance use, PTSD, and affective symptoms as part of a larger randomized controlled trial. Results Half (30/60) of participants endorsed a treatment entry goal to reduce substance use (reducers). Compared to participants who endorsed a treatment entry goal of abstinence (abstainers), reducers were significantly younger, more likely to be employed, more likely to have served in recent military conflicts (Operations Enduring/Iraqi Freedom), and endorsed significantly fewer symptoms of alcohol dependence. Conclusions and Scientific Significance The findings demonstrate clinically relevant differences based on treatment entry goals, suggesting that individuals are often able to choose conceivably appropriate treatment goals based, most notably, on the severity of their SUD. Collaboratively engaging patients in establishing treatment goals that are consistent with their beliefs and desires in conjunction with empirical findings is particularly relevant in the context of treatment for SUD and PTSD where many patients are ambivalent about treatment and attrition is common. (Am J Addict 2015;XX:XX–XX)
Lubrication of selected salivary molecules and artificial salivas.

The lubrication regime displayed by human salivas (parotid and submandibular-sublingual), purified salivary molecules (the mucins MG1 and MG2 and α-amylases), and selected artificial salivas (Oracare D, Saliva Substitute, and Orthana) was assessed in vitro using a friction-testing device. Thin-film (boundary) lubrication was observed for all of the salivary samples and two of the artificial salivas examined. Oracare D, a glycerol-based artificial saliva, was the exception since it lubricated by a thick-film (hydrodynamic) regime. On a molar basis, the best lubricants of the purified salivary molecules were MG1 > MG2 ≈ nonglycosylated α-amylases ≈ glycosylated α-amylases.
Social comparisons by young children in classroom contexts

This paper describes and analyzes several examples, drawn from an on‐going research investigation, to examine the antecedents and consequences of social comparison exchanges, manifested by young children in preschool settings. Data is drawn from naturalistic observations of 3, 4, and 5‐yearold children, enrolled in three classrooms of two nursery schools, serving predominantly white middle class families. The data provide variegated descriptions of the social components of comparison behaviors in naturally occurring classroom contexts. The children were regulating their play, undirected by a teacher. Social comparisons occurred in these classrooms because the children themselves thought of them. †The research reported here was funded by a grant from the Maris B. and Mary )Higgins( Proffitt Endowment, Indiana University, Bloomington. I would like to express my appreciation to Mary Beth Childers for assisting with data collection and analysis.
Pseudo‐corner theory: a simple enhancement of J2‐flow theory for applications involving non‐proportional loading

A simple modification of J2‐flow theory is made which enables it to approximately represent the reduced stiffness and increased plastic flow of corner‐theory response to non‐proportional loading. The key idea involves making the plastic modulus a function of the loading direction. A concise radial‐return type numerical algorithm is presented for the constitutive integration.
Allocative efficiency and diversification under price-cap regulation

Abstract This paper shows that the effect of price-cap (PC) regulation and modified price-cap (MPC) regulation on the allocative efficiency and diversification of core and non-core goods depends crucially on (i) whether core and non-core goods are complements, substitutes, or independent, and (ii) whether the non-core market is perfectly or imperfectly competitive. Under PC regulation, efficient production of the core good is impossible unless the non-core market is perfectly competitive. Further, we show that the regulated firm may or may not supply less output in the non-core market under MPC than under PC regulation, depending upon, in part, whether the scheme of common cost allocation is based on either a monotonic method or a relative revenue method. Also, a perfectly competitive non-core market implies core-market over production distortion under MPC. We discuss implications for the entry of the ‘Baby Bells’ into long-distance and cellular markets.
A Comparison of Two Methods of Analysis of Mixtures of Nomnal Distributions1

Distributions of extensively replicated physical measurements are often found to be leptokurtic to the Normal. Many of them can be regarded as mixed Normals. The special case of a binary mixture, with a common parameter of location but with different scale parameters, is here examined analytically. Two methods of dichotomy are compared: the Pearson-Cohen method, requiring the sixth moment, and another method based on an estimate of the central ordinate of the distribution. The latter seems to be the better, to judge by trials on computer-generated mixtures whose parameters are known.
Keystone Symposia on Epigenomics and Chromatin Dynamics: Keystone resort, CO, January 17-22, 2012.

Keystone Symposia kicked off the start of 2012 with two joint meetings on Epigenomics and Chromatin Dynamics and a star-studded list of speakers. Held in Keystone, CO, January 17–22, and organized by Steven Jacobsen and Steven Henikoff and by Bradley Cairns and Genevieve Almouzni, respectively, there was plenty happening in these sessions that it did not seem to matter that the ski-slope conditions were not ideal.
1,4-Additions of the highly functionalized copper reagents RCu(CN)ZnI · 2 BFP3 to trisubstituted enones. A new BF3 promoted cyclization reaction

Abstract The new copper reagents RCu(CN)Zn I · 2 BF3 1 containing various functional groups like esters, cyanides, chlorides or enoates react with β, β′- disubstituted enones to afford the Michael adducts 4–7 in high yields (81–98%). Cyano-substituted 1,4-adducts undergo a new cyclization reaction leading to the very stable bicyclic difluoroboron enolates 11a–11c which could be converted into the bicyclic diketones 12 under mild basic conditions. The X-ray structure of 11b is reported.
Recovery function of short latency components of surface and depth recorded somatosensory evoked potentials in the cat

Recovery functions of early components of surface and depth recorded somatosensory evoked potentials were studied in the cat. At interstimulus intervals of 50 msec or less differentiation of surface components was optimal. Component I showed less decrement at all ISI's than did component II and recovery curves of both were distinctly different from those of components III (anterior) and IV and the cortical SEP. The latter three potentials had similar recovery curves. Comparisons of latencies and recovery curves of surface recorded potentials with those of depth recorded potentials indicate that component I principally reflects activity in posterior column, that potentials in medial lemniscus, cuneate nucleus, and lateral cuneate nucleus contribute to component II, that the major generator for the contralateral component III is the ventral postero-lateral nucleus of the thalamus, and that component IV is largely due to activity in the sensory radiation. The results of this study support previous observations and conclusions about the origin of short latency, surface recorded somatosensory evoked potentials preceding the cortical SEP.
Transition-Structure Catalog of Organic Reactions

Modern organic chemistry textbooks contain qualitative Lewis-structure drawings of transition structures. Missing from these drawings are estimates of partial bond lengths. A catalog of accurate density functional ground and transition structures for radical abstraction, substitution, elimination, oxidation, and pericyclic reactions is provided in the Supporting Information and discussed here. These xyz transition-structure coordinates can be conveniently and easily viewed in a variety of free and commercial viewers and provide the ability to quantitatively discuss bonding changes in organic reactions. In addition to the lowest-energy-pathway transition structures, this catalog also provides higher-energy-pathway transition structures, for example, backside and frontside SN2 transition structures as well as anti and syn E2 transition structures.
The Logic of School Gardens: A Phenomenological Study of Teacher Rationales

Despite the importance of teachers to the school garden movement, we still know very little about what drives particular teachers to incorporate a school garden into their pedagogy. In response, this article reports the findings of a study designed to investigate the internal processes and products involved in rationalising and sustaining teachers’ use. Analysis of interviews with three primary teachers — Laura, Meredith, and Clare — indicate that a powerful rationale is formed when teachers read their childhood memories, often idealised, against their observations of children today. This rationale is strengthened by opportunities afforded by the garden itself, which allows teachers to enact their deepest beliefs about teaching and learning and resist external controls. This study also provides evidence that a school garden can easily evoke nostalgia. The article ends by re-theorising this nostalgia as part of the ‘cultural logic’ (Enfield, 2000) of school gardens, while suggesting nostalgia's productive uses.
Progressivism at Risk: Electing a President in 1912

Introduction 1912: Progressive Crossroads Republican Fragments The Roosevelt Legacy The Taft Years Seeking the Republican Nomination Behaving Like Democrats Woodrow Wilson The Democratic Primary The Convention in Baltimore Wilson's Active Opposition The Bull Moose at Armageddon Eugene V. Debs: Educating for Socialism The 1912 Presidential Campaign Setting the Wilson Image The Roosevelt Crusade The Retiring Taft Debs's Critique Campaign Roundup Postmortem and Aftermath Understanding Victory and Defeat The Progressive Legacy Bibliographic Essay Index
Constructing the vertebrate genome: evidence from eels that LINEs mobilize SINEs.

It has been speculated that long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), mobile elements present in vertebrate genomes, could mobilize other types of sequences in trans. Now we have a direct demonstration that LINEs can mobilize short interspersed nuclearelements (SINEs).
Difficulties for the particle interpretation of positron anomalies in high-Z collisions

Abstract Production of a new spinless particle, and its subsequent decay to e + e − , has been proposed as the origin of narrow positron peaks observed in collisions of a variety of very heavy nuclei. It is shown that none of the conventional mechanisms for producing such particles in these collisions is compatible with experimental observations.
Influence of selected water soluble carbohydrates on the dissolution profile of prednisolone

AbstractThe utilization of three water soluble carbohydrates as carrier to improve the dissolution rate of prednisolone was studied. Coprecipitates and physical mixtures of the drug and the carriers in three different proportions were prepared and their dissolution profile was compared with the dissolution profile of the pure drug. The remarkably fast and erratic dissolution of prenisolone observed from the coprecipitates was possible due to the conversion of prednisolone into its metastable or amorphous form durning the coprecipitation process. The dissolution rate of the drug from the physical mixtures was much higher than from the pure drug itself. Effect of aging of the coprecipitate on the dissolution profile showed an increasing tendency of the dissolution curve to match with that of the corresponding physical mixture.
Reliability and accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography dental measurements

Introduction Dental measurements are an integral part of the orthodontic records necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment planning. In this study, we investigated the reliability and accuracy of dental measurements made on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) reconstructions. Methods Thirty human skulls were scanned with dental CBCT, and 3-dimensional reconstructions of the dentitions were generated. Ten measurements (overbite, overjet, maxillary and mandibular intermolar and intercanine widths, arch length available, and arch length required) were made directly on the dentitions of the skulls with a high-precision digital caliper and on the digital reconstructions with commercially available software. Reliability and accuracy were assessed by using intraclass correlation and paired Student t tests. A P value of ≤0.05 was used to assign statistical significance. Results Both the CBCT and the caliper measurements were highly reliable (r >0.90). The CBCT measurements tended to slightly underestimate the anatomic truth. This was statistically significant only for compounded measurements. Conclusions Dental measurements from CBCT volumes can be used for quantitative analysis. With the CBCT images, we found a small systematic error, which became statistically significant only when combining several measurements. An adjustment for this error allows for improved accuracy.
Effects of ambient water in the combustion enhancement of heavily chlorinated hydrocarbons: Studies on droplet burning

An experimental and computational investigation has been conducted on the oxidation and combustion of chlorinated hydrocarbon droplets in a hot, oxidizing environment, with emphasis on the effects of ambient water on the droplet burning intensity. The experimental results demonstrated that the presence of a small amount of water in the environment, say 5–10% by volume, can substantially increase the droplet burning rate and reduce the droplet ignition and extinction temperatures of heavily chlorinated, hydrocarbons (HCHCs) and their mixtures whose chlorine-to-hydrogen ratio is close to unity. The computational simulation with detailed chemistry and transport yields good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental results and identifies that this beneficial effect of water arises from its reaction with the Cl atoms, producing the active hydroxyl radicals that subsequently promote the CO to CO 2 conversion and generate the H atoms needed to initiate radical-chain branching. From the practical viewpoints, it is suggested that while the presence of water in combustion environments can potentially enhance the destruction efficiency and combustion stability in halogenated-waste incinerators, it can, however, diminish the effectiveness of halogen-based fire-retarding or fire-suppressing agents.
Antibodies against estradiol-binding lysosomal lipoproteins gain access to the nuclear compartment of preputial gland cells under estrogen influence.

The influence of estrogen in provoking nuclear recompartmentation of lysosomal components in hormone-sensitive cells was investigated by immunological analyses of isolated nuclei from the preputial glands of ovariectomized rats. Fixed smears were prepared from ultrapurified nuclei freed of outer membrane, 2–30 min after iv injection of placebo-control solution or submicrogram amounts of estradiol-17β. Cytoplasmic contamination was negligible in such preparations, as monitored by vital staining with acridine orange. On challenge with immunoglobulin G directed toward a group of lysosomal high density lipoproteins which have been shown to bind estradiol-17β specifically, control preparations exhibited minimal indirect immunofluorescence that was essentially confined to the nuclear periphery. In contrast, a high proportion of the nuclei exposed for as little as 2 min to estradiol-17β but not to the relatively inert 17α-congener, displayed generally more intense immunofluorescene was distributed over the entir...
Science and Survival

IN an article on page 613 of NATURE for Oct. 29, headed “Science and Survival,” the reviewer of a book called “The Bridge” asks certain pertinent questions which deserve an answer. Unanswered, they may suggest to a student of the book erroneous hypotheses which will lead him astray. I appreciate the fairness of the review: my object is only to furnish the additional information virtually asked for, in the interests of truth.
Bridging Prevention and Health: Exploring Community Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Honduras.

This qualitative study rooted in community-based participatory research principles utilized semi-structured interviews with 2 focus groups (n = 9) with female healthcare volunteers (FCVs) and 3 male key informants who were community leaders (MCLs). The study aimed to examine how a rural Honduran community defines and responds to intimate partner violence (IPV) in order to lay the foundation for future interventions. Based on grounded theory, the authors assessed for common themes across transcripts. Authors found that a number of participants denied the existence of IPV. Perspectives on the causes and definitions of IPV varied between FCVs and MCLs. All participants affirmed the need for intervention and many participants mentioned healthcare and legal systems as potential venues to ameliorate IPV. The results highlight potentially important differences between FCV and MCL perspectives that may inform future interventions. Findings suggest healthcare workers can play a role in IPV prevention and intervention in rural Honduras.
Nonsteroidal tissue selective androgen receptor modulators: a promising class of clinical candidates

The androgen receptor (AR) is a nuclear hormone receptor that, upon binding to testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and other endogenous androgens, supports the development, growth and maintenance of masculine features through activation of anabolic and androgenic metabolism. The AR has been demonstrated to be a productive therapeutic target. AR ligands in clinical practice include androgenic steroids, antiandrogenic steroids and antiandrogenic nonsteroidals. Of primary importance for this review are nonsteroidal selective AR modulators (SARMs) that have tissue-specific agonist and/or antagonist activities. The AR has a myriad of peripheral and central functions that can be modulated in a pleiotropic and tissue-specific fashion using the increasingly diverse collection of SARMs discussed herein. This suggests that SARMs will have a high level of clinical utility for a wide variety of health conditions. The patent literature focusing on SARMs is reviewed and reveals multiple chemical classes in various ...
Automated derivation and parallel computer implementation of renormalized and active-space coupled-cluster methods

Our recent efforts that have led to an automated derivation and computer implementation of the renormalized and active-space coupled-cluster (CC) methods with Tensor Contraction Engine (TCE) are summarized. The TCE-generated renormalized and active-space CC computer codes are parallel and applicable to closed- and open-shell references, enabling accurate calculations of potential energy surfaces along bond-breaking coordinates and excited states displaying a significant multi-reference character. The effectiveness of the new codes in describing electronic quasi-degeneracies is illustrated by the renormalized CC calculations of the potential energy curve of HCl and the active-space CC calculations for the low-lying excited states of the Be3 system. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Reactions of hydrogen peroxide with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mutant human copper-zinc superoxide dismutases studied by pulse radiolysis

Mutations in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) have been implicated in the familial form of the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease). We have expressed and purified recombinant human wild type (hWT) and G93A (hG93A) CuZn-SOD, and we have used pulse radiolysis to measure their superoxide dismutase activities and their rates of deactivation upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide or heat. Both hG93A and hWT CuZn-SOD were found to have high SOD activities in their copper and zinc containing as-isolated forms as well as when remetallated entirely with copper (CuCu). Rates of deactivation by hydrogen peroxide of the as-isolated hWT and hG93A enzymes were determined and were found to be similar, suggesting that the FALS mutant enzyme is not inactivated at a higher rate than wild type by generation of and subsequent reaction with hydroxyl radical, ⋅OH, when it is in the CuZn form. However, rates of deactivation by hydrogen peroxide of the CuCu derivatives of both hWT and hG93A were significantly greater than those of the copper and zinc containing as-isolated enzymes. Rates of thermal deactivation were also similar for the mutant and hWT as-isolated CuZn forms but were greater for the CuCu derivatives of both enzymes. Reactions of hydrogen peroxide with the Cu(II)Cu(II) derivative of the WT enzyme demonstrate that the copper ion in the copper site is reduced much more rapidly than the copper in the zinc site, leading to the conclusion that reaction of hydrogen peroxide with Cu(I) in the copper site is the source of deactivation in the CuCu as well as the CuZn enzymes.
Irradiated cubic single crystal SiC as a high temperature sensor

Radiation is known to cause point defects formation in different materials. In the case of cubic SiC single crystal radiation flux on the order of 2⋅10 20 neutrons/cm 2 at 0.18 MeV causes over 3% volume lattice expansion. Radiation-induced strain (measurable by X-Ray diffraction) can be relieved when the annealing temperature exceeds the temperature of irradiation. Based on this effect the original technology of maximum temperature measurement was developed a while ago. Single crystal SiC sensor small size (200-500 microns), wide temperature range (150-1450 °C), “no-lead” installation, and exceptional accuracy make it very attractive for use in small, rotating and “hard-to-access” parts, including, but not limited to gas turbine blades, space shuttle ceramic tiles, automobile engines, etc. With the advances in X-Ray diffraction measurements, crystal and thin film growth techniques, it is the time to revise and update this technology. Modeling radiation damage, as well as annealing effects are also beneficial.
Predictors of outcome in 100 consecutive laparoscopic antireflux procedures

Abstract Background: Published success rates for surgical intervention in gastroesophageal reflux disease exceed 90%. The goal of this study was to determine if any preoperative factors could accurately predict postoperative symptom relief. Methods: One hundred consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic antireflux surgery completed a detailed preoperative questionnaire, and underwent endoscopy, manometry, and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Two surgeons performed all procedures in a standardized fashion. At least 2 months following operative intervention, a single interviewer, blinded to all preoperative information and procedure performed, recorded Visick and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease–Health-Related Quality of Life scores for all patients. All follow-up was performed within 3 years of antireflux procedure. Results: The surgical success rate, as defined by Visick scores of 1-2, was 91%. Three variables were predictive of postoperative success: age Conclusion: The study shows that surgical strategies can reproducibly control gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms in more than 90% of patients. The optimal surgical candidate is a patient under the age of 50 whose typical symptoms completely resolve with acid suppression therapy.
Immunological systematics of the extinct quagga (Equidae)

It has been debated whether the extinct quagga was a distinct fourth species of African zebra or whether it was merely the southern variant of the Plains zebra (Equus burchelli). Using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique, we have shown that proteins remaining in quagga skins from museums are much more similar to serum proteins of the Plains zebra than to those of the other two extant zebras.
Beta-diketone, alcohol and hydrocarbons of barley surface lipids

Abstract Glaucous lines of barley have the β-diketone, hentriacontan-14,16-dione, in their surface lipids. The aliphatic alcohol of barley surface lipid is 1-hexacosanol, and the principal hydrocarbons have carbon numbers 25, 27, 29, 31 and 33. There is no apparent biosynthetic relationship between the primary alcohol and the β-diketone; however, there may be some relationship between the β-diketone and the hydrocarbons.
Mechanisms by which quipazine, a putative serotonin receptor agonist, alters brain 5-hydroxyindole metabolism☆

Abstract Quipazine (2-[1-piperazinyl] quinoline maleate) was shown to increase serotonin and decrease 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in whole brain, several brain regions, and the spinal cord of rats 1 hr after its administration (10 mg/kg, i.p.). In animals with transected spinal cords, quipazine induced stronger activation of extensor reflexes than 5-hydroxytryptophan, chlorimipramine, or Lilly 110140. This response could be blocked by methiothepin. In slices of rat cerebral cortex, quipazine inhibited the uptakes of [3H]-serotonin (EC50 = 10−6 M) and [3H]-norepinephrine ( EC 50 = 2 × 10 −6 m ); it was equipotent with Lilly 110140 in inhibiting serotonin uptake, but less potent than chlorimipramine ( EC 50 = 10 −7 m ). Quipazine administration to rats did not inhibit monoamine oxidase activity, and actually elevated brain tryptophan levels. These observations suggest that the effects of quipazine on brain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations could have been caused by direct activation of central serotonin receptors (which would secondarily decrease impulse flow along serotonergic neurones), or by the inhibition of serotonin reuptake, or by both mechanisms.
"Towards a frontier of spatial scientometric studies" by SONG Gao with Martin Vesely as coordinator

The research field of spatial scientometrics is dedicated to measuring and analyzing science with spatial components (e.g., location, place, mapping). It involves the study of spatial patterns, impacts and trends of scientific activities (e.g., co-publication, citation, academic mobility) based on bibliographic databases. Because of the dynamic nature of this field, researchers from interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary domains constantly contribute qualitative, quantitative and computational approaches and technologies into scientometric analysis. This article aims to giving a brief overview about this field by analyzing the publications in (spatial) scientometrics collected from the Scopus database and introduces recent frontier researches which integrate advanced spatial analysis and geovisualization with Semantic Web technologies.