cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinicians and the economic evaluation of health

Papers dealing with the economic evaluation of health care have proliferated in the clinical literature. They provide an evidence-based element to help policy makers allocate resources among competing projects. These studies are generally done from a the perspective of a health provider (public or practice) or a public health professional, they do not take into account the special nature of the patient-physician relationship. The value of these studies for a clinician caring for an individual patient is questioned because the perspective used and the values measured represent those of society or a health provider, not those of patients. In addition, since cost-effectiveness analysis fails to take into account important societal ethical beliefs that are relevant to the care of individuals, its application to individual care is limited. Physicians should use these analyses when working as private or public policy makers, not as clinicians. The English version of this paper is available too at: http:// www.insp.mx/salud/index.html
Improving obstetrician-gynecologist implementation of smoking cessation guidelines for pregnant women: An interim report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

The relationship between smoking during pregnancy and adverse outcome has been well reported in the literature for many years. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, with the support of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has implemented a project designed to increase the number of obstetrician-gynecologists who offer the evidence-based 5 A’s smoking cessation intervention for pregnant women. This effort, as a part of the National Partnership to Help Pregnant Smokers Quit, is derived from a model for improving integration of evidencebased guidelines into routine medical care (Orleans, Barker, Kaufman, & Marx, 2000). This interim report describes the results from a survey of Ohio obstetrician-gynecologists on smoking cessation during pregnancy, the development and dissemination of clinician resources on smoking cessation, and plans to evaluate the impact of these activities among obstetrician-gynecologists.
“They do not know much, but then, you have to cover the syllabus”: The quality imperative – a dilemma for teachers in early grade multilingual classrooms in Kenyan primary schools

The centrality of language in any education system cannot be overemphasised. Wolff (2006: 50) sums this up by stating that “language is not everything in education, but without language everything is nothing in education”. As such, language mediates knowledge acquisition even when the content of education is not language. The question then arises as to which language is best to use in education. There are no straight answers to this, as education in most countries of the world takes place in multilingual contexts. In Kenya, the language-in-education policy supports the use of the learner’s first language as the language of instruction in the first three years of school. The policy, however, remains largely unimplemented for various reasons, among them the multiplicity of first languages that may be represented in one classroom. This article reports on some outcomes of a recently completed doctoral study that investigated teachers’ attitudes, skills and strategies in their management of linguistic diversity in multilingual classrooms. Specifically, the article reports on what informs teachers’ language choices and prioritisations beyond the policy rhetoric. The study disclosed that the language of examinations and textbooks, the pressure to cover the syllabus, and individual teachers’ language repertoires primarily determine which languages are prioritised and how they are used. The findings suggest that quality education for all may remain elusive in multilingual contexts until the language question has been adequately addressed.
Cyanide excites medullary sympathoexcitatory neurons in rats

Microinjections of cyanide (300 pmol) into the cardiovascular portion of the rostral ventrolateral reticular nucleus (RVL) of anesthetized rats (paralyzed and ventilated) produced a pressor response (26.5 +/- 1.6 mmHg, n = 7) and a transient depression of phrenic nerve discharge (90 +/- 8%, n = 5). Microiontophoretic applications of cyanide (less than or equal to 100 nA, 5-40 s) excited the RVL-spinal sympathoexcitatory neurons (31 out of 31). The response was dose dependent, reversible, independent of the baroreflex input to these neurons, and different from the responses of units with spontaneous discharge synchronized with the lung inflation or with unidentified function. The cyanide-induced excitation of the RVL-spinal sympathoexcitatory neurons was reversibly abolished by CO2+, applied iontophoretically at a dose at which the baroreflex inhibition of these neurons was not markedly affected whereas iontophoretic applications of kynurenic acid, a glutamate receptor antagonist, did not alter the response of the RVL-spinal sympathoexcitatory neurons to cyanide. It was concluded that cyanide induces a rapid Ca(2+)-dependent response of the RVL-spinal sympathoexcitatory neurons, which may underlie the cellular mechanism of these neurons in responding to ischemia-hypoxia.
Planting date and in-row plant spacing effects on growth and yield of cabbage under plastic mulch

Abstract Florida is ranked third in total cabbage production in the U.S. and it is traditionally grown on bare ground with subirrigation. The use of plastic mulch and drip irrigation is widespread for other vegetable crops and can enhance water and fertilizer use efficiency and yield. The objective of the study was to evaluate plant growth, yield and head quality traits of cabbage using three plant populations and four planting dates on a plastic mulch system. Cabbage was transplanted in mid September (SEP), mid October (OCT), early November (NOV), and early December (DEC) in the 2013–14 and 2014–15 growing seasons, spanning the entire planting season for commercial operations in northeast Florida. There was no interaction among planting dates and plant populations for total and marketable yields or biomass. For both seasons, the SEP and OCT plantings showed a faster growth rate than NOV and DEC during the first 70 days after transplanting; however, differences in total biomass accumulation were only seen in 2013–14. Biomass decreased quadratically in 2013–14 with an increase in in-row spacing. Average marketable yield for both years was 62.7, 60.5, 46.2, and 58.6 Mg ha −1 for SEP, OCT, NOV and DEC, respectively. As plant population decreased, marketable yield increased linearly in 2013–14 while no differences were seen in marketable yield among plant population treatments during 2014–15 season. Plant growth rate and yield were correlated to growing season average air temperature and solar radiation. The SEP, OCT and DEC planting dates benefited from more favorable weather conditions, while low air temperatures and reduced solar radiation had a negative effected on cabbage yield for the NOV planting.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of secondary tumors involving the pancreas: An institution's experience.

Background: Pancreatic masses may seldom represent a metastasis or secondary involvement by lymphoproliferative disorders. Recognition of this uncommon occurrence may help render an accurate diagnosis and avoid diagnostic pitfalls during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). In this study, we review our experience in diagnosing secondary tumors involving the pancreas. Materials and Methods: The electronic database of cytopathology archives was searched for cases of secondary tumors involving the pancreas at our institution and a total of 31 cases were identified. The corresponding clinical presentations, imaging study findings, cytological diagnoses, the results of ancillary studies, and surgical follow-up, if available, were reviewed. Results: Nineteen of the patients were male and 12 female, with a mean age of 66 years. Twenty-three patients (74%) had a prior history of malignancy, with the latency ranging from 6 months to 19 years. The secondary tumors involving the pancreas included metastatic carcinoma (24 cases), metastatic sarcoma (3 cases), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2 cases), and plasma cell neoplasm (2 cases). The most common metastatic tumors were renal cell carcinoma (8 cases) and lung carcinoma (7 cases). Correct diagnoses were rendered in 29 cases (94%). The remaining two cases were misclassified as primary pancreatic carcinoma. In both cases, the patients had no known history of malignancy, and no ancillary studies were performed. Conclusions: Secondary tumors involving the pancreas can be accurately diagnosed by EUS-FNA. Recognizing uncommon cytomorphologic features, knowing prior history of malignancy, and performing ancillary studies are the keys to improve diagnostic performance and avoid diagnostic pitfalls.
Accessing Materials: Review of the MacCrate Report’s Fundamental Lawyering Skill: Search

A general review of the history of search in legal research and its application to the fundamental lawyering skill found in 3.2(d) of the MacCrate Report. Includes key elements of effective legal search and some areas of growing concern in the field.
Epidemiological Concepts for Entomologists

The science of epidemiology had a modest beginning in the collection of data on the occurrence of epidemic disease. The “father” of epidemiology, William Farr, was a statistician to the 1st Registrar General of England and Wales ca. 1837. He studied the frequency of deaths ascribed to epidemic diseases such as smallpox in certain intervals of time, and attempted to rationalize epidemic curves so that they could be used for predictive purposes. The methods utilized by Farr and later workers have now been extended to disease in general so that epidemiology is no longer the science of epidemic disease. It now embraces the study of the occurrence of disease in populations, both infectious and non-infectious disease, both epidemic and non-epidemic disease. As epidemiological methods have been created, modified, and codified, the science has developed its own distinctive terminology which frequently utilizes familiar terms but defines them in more or less unusual ways. The purpose of this communication is to point out some of the special meanings given by epidemiologists to terms that are commonly used in different senses by ordinary people such as entomologists. This is done in the hope that communication between entomologists and epidemiologists will be facilitated.
The structure of the β leonis debris disk

We combine nulling interferometry at 10 μm using the MMT and Keck Telescopes with spectroscopy, imaging, and photometry from 3 to 100 μm using Spitzer to study the debris disk around β Leo over a broad range of spatial scales, corresponding to radii of 0.1 to ~100 AU. We have also measured the close binary star o Leo with both Keck and MMT interferometers to verify our procedures with these instruments. The β Leo debris system has a complex structure: (1) relatively little material within 1 AU; (2) an inner component with a color temperature of ~600 K, fitted by a dusty ring from about 2-3 AU; and (3) a second component with a color temperature of ~120 K fitted by a broad dusty emission zone extending from about ~5 AU to ~55 AU. Unlike many other A-type stars with debris disks, β Leo lacks a dominant outer belt near 100 AU.
Conceptualizing Migration: From Internal/International to Kinds of Membership

Current typologies of migration tend to distinguish sharply between international and internal migration. While some defend this cleavage as vital for emphasizing the politics of international migration, others view it as inhibiting the development of theory by unnecessarily privileging the nation-state as a unit of analysis. The conceptual gap between internal and international migration appears to depend on the level of analysis and context. Where migration behavior involves decisions made by individuals or households, international migration generally is explained as another form of long-distance migration. At the macro-analytic level, however, the context of migration matters. If analysts still view migration in behavioral terms or as a response to population growth or development, international migration remains an extension of long-distance migration. But when analysts emphasize migration in legal or political terms, as an outgrowth of the competition of political economies or as a function of the state’s ability to determine who qualifies for membership, international migration is viewed as differing fundamentally from internal migration. One way to clarify the argument would be to shift to a different cleavage, the distinction between authorized and unauthorized migration, as perhaps more salient to migrants now than the difference between internal and international migration. Unauthorized migration can have enormous consequences for migrants, and as the Chinese hukou system of household registration has shown, it is not confined to international movement.
Analysis of PPD Test Results of 514 Children

Objective To know the children's tuberculosis immune conditions after inoculating BCG.Method Immunization effect of 514 children after they had BCG inoculated for 3 months was examined using the PPD tests.Result The positive rate from Jixi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,village clinics,the extraneous children were 89.4%,60.82%,54.55%.There was significant difference of the positive rates among different age groups.The size of scars and the positive rates were in direct ratio.There was no significant difference of the positive rate between male and female.Conclusion We should strengthen the technology training on inoculating staffs,reinforce the management of extraneous children and improve the quality of inoculation.
Electrical properties of phrenic motoneurons in the cat: correlation with inspiratory drive

1. Resting membrane potential (Vmp), input resistance (Rn), rheobase (Irh), and after hyperpolarization duration (AHPdur) and amplitude (AHPamp) were measured in 38 phrenic motoneurons of anestheti...
Space from Hilbert Space: Recovering Geometry from Bulk Entanglement

We examine how to construct a spatial manifold and its geometry from the entanglement structure of an abstract quantum state in Hilbert space. Given a decomposition of Hilbert space H into a tensor product of factors, we consider a class of “redundancy-constrained states” in H that generalize the area-law behavior for entanglement entropy usually found in condensed-matter systems with gapped local Hamiltonians. Using mutual information to define a distance measure on the graph, we employ classical multidimensional scaling to extract the best-fit spatial dimensionality of the emergent geometry. We then show that entanglement perturbations on such emergent geometries naturally give rise to local modifications of spatial curvature which obey a (spatial) analog of Einstein’s equation. The Hilbert space corresponding to a region of flat space is finite-dimensional and scales as the volume, though the entropy (and the maximum change thereof) scales like the area of the boundary. A version of the ER=EPR conjecture is recovered, in that perturbations that entangle distant parts of the emergent geometry generate a configuration that may be considered as a highly quantum wormhole.
Report on the National Information Literacy Survey : Documenting progress throughout the United States

L'article presente les resultats d'une enquete nationale sur les programmes en culture de l'information (CI) dans les etablissementr d'enseignement superieur aux Etats-Unis. L'enquete a pour objectif de rassembler des informations fiables afin de soutenir le developpement de ces programmes, de comparer differentes experiences dans divers types d'institutions, et de montrer le succes de l'integration de la CI dans les cours. Les questions adressees aux etablissement portent aussi bien sur la definition de la CI que sur les pratiques d'integration, les normes, les groupes impliques dans la mise en place (comme les bibliotheques), l'existence d'un cursus specifique, l'impact pour les etudiants, les obstacles, etc.
Huxley and the New Age

Not long after Huxley had made some of his own observations, he began to read F.L. Kunz’s journal, Main Currents of Modern Thought, a sort of intellectual’s digest outlining interconnections between recent science and religion.1 Huxley subscribed in 1943, but, though intrigued by some ideas, was not entirely convinced by what Kunz’s journal had to say. He described it to his brother Julian as ‘a very curious publication’ which suffered from a certain naivete (Letters 488. 1943). Nevertheless, Kunz managed to gather an impressive array of contributors, including von Weizsacker, Eugene Wigner, von Bertalanffy, Stockhausen, and Heisenberg (who in his later years was apparently known in some quarters as ‘the Buddha’).2
Shape-Adaptive Embedded Coding of Ocean-Temperature Imagery

An embedded wavelet-based coder for the shape-adaptive coding of ocean-temperature data is described. The proposed coder, 3D binary set splitting with k-A trees (3D-BISK), is based upon the popular bitplane-coding paradigm and is specifically designed for shape-adaptive coding. Other similar coding methods use octree-based set partitioning; however, 3D-BISK employs a simpler set decomposition based on k-A trees which makes it more flexible when considering shape-adaptive coding. The performance of 3D-BISK is compared to prominent shape-adaptive coders and superior performance is demonstrated for a variety of ocean-temperature datasets.
A combined machine-learning and graph-based framework for the 3-d automated segmentation of retinal structures in sd-oct images

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a non-invasive imaging modality that allows for the quantitative study of retinal structures. SD-OCT has begun to find widespread use in the diagnosis and management of various ocular diseases. While commercial scanners provide limited analysis of a small number of retinal layers, the automated segmentation of retinal layers and other structures within these volumetric images is quite a challenging problem, especially in the presence of disease-induced changes. The incorporation of a priori information, ranging from qualitative assessments of the data to automatically learned features, can significantly improve the performance of automated methods. Here, a combined machine learning-based approach and graph-theoretic approach is presented for the automated segmentation of retinal structures in SD-OCT images. Machine-learning based approaches are used to learn textural features from a training set, which are then incorporated into the graph- theoretic approach. The impact of the learned features on the final segmentation accuracy of the graph-theoretic approach is carefully evaluated so as to avoid incorporating learned components that do not improve the method. The adaptability of this versatile combination of a machine-learning and graph-theoretic approach is demonstrated through the segmentation of retinal surfaces in images obtained from humans, mice and canines. In addition to this framework, a novel formulation of the graph-theoretic approach is described whereby surfaces with a disruption can be segmented. By incorporating the boundary of the "hole" into the feasibility definition of the set of surfaces, the final result consists of not only the surfaces but the boundary of the hole as well. Such a formulation can be used to model the neural canal opening (NCO) in SD-OCT images, which appears as a 3-D planar hole disrupting the surfaces in its vicinity. A machine-learning based approach was also used here to learn descriptive features of the NCO. Thus, the major contributions of this work include 1) a method for the automated correction of axial artifacts in SD-OCT images, 2) a combined machine-learning and graph-theoretic framework for the segmentation of retinal surfaces in SD-OCT images (applied to humans, mice and canines), 3) a novel formulation of the graph-theoretic approach for the segmentation of multiple surfaces and their shared hole (applied to the segmentation of the neural canal opening), and 4) the investigation of textural markers that could precede structural and functional change in degenerative retinal diseases.
Beyond 'Because I Said So': Reconciling Civil Retroactivity Analysis in Immigration Cases with a Protective Lenity Principle

The federal courts, including the Supreme Court, have repeatedly struggled with the question of retroactivity in civil cases generally and in the immigration context specifically. Today, more than fifteen years after IIRIRA took effect, questions regarding its retroactive application remain unresolved and subject to different answers depending on the court considering them. This Article will look at the question considered by the Supreme Court in Vartelas in Holder, whether the current version of seeking admission in INA § 101(a)(13) can be retroactively applied to individuals who engaged in some conduct prior to the change that, at the time, would not have had immigration consequences but today renders them removable, as a case study for the application of the civil retroactivity analysis in immigration cases. Part II will briefly introduce the concept of retroactivity as it has previously been applied in civil, and particularly in immigration, cases. Part III will address the structural and substantive changes made by the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act that led to this situation. Part IV will examine how other courts, including the Board of Immigration Appeals and various Circuit Courts of Appeal, have addressed the question. Finally, in Part V, the Article will, using the Supreme Court’s consideration of this issue in Vartelas v. Holder, propose a solution to the current incoherence of the civil retroactivity doctrine and application in immigration cases. I will argue that the Court’s analysis in Vartelas and in all questions of retroactivity in immigration cases should be informed by a principle of construing all ambiguity in favor of the noncitizen.
Chapter 14 – How to Record and Report Your Experiments

Scientists need to manage a menagerie of lab notes, printouts, and electronic files to keep track of their experiments. In this chapter, we review the technologies and considerations for recording experiments and saving lab notes. We then go step by step through the many issues involved in writing up a scientific article for publication—including who should be a coauthor, how to report methods and results accurately and completely, and how to discuss the findings in a persuasive manner.
Abstract 2943: Protective Effects of QiHong Capsule on Viral Myocarditis Infected by Coxsackievirus B3

Background : Viral myocarditis is an important human disease that affects about 5% to 20% of the population. Coxsackieviruses B 3 (CVB 3 ) is dominant causative agent for viral myocarditis. So far, not many effective treatments are available for the disease. The main components of QiHong capsule (QH) have been traditionally used to control common cold and other virus-induced disorders in China. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral effects of QH on CVB 3 in vivo and in vitro . Methods and Results: The effect of QH in vitro was evaluated in HeLa cells or cultured rat neonatal cardiac myocytes infected by CVB 3 , Ribavirin was chosen as positive control. Our results showed that QH possesses potent antiviral effects on CVB 3 in vitro by XTT and plaque forming assay (IC 50 was 7.16 ± 0.8 and 2.63 ± 0.5 μg/ml, respectively). CC 50 was 16-fold higher in QH treated cells than in Ribavirin treated cells (QH: 1648 ± 219 μg/ml vs. Ribavirin: 103 ± 14 μg/ml). Time course studies demonstrated that antiviral effect of QH was mainly found during 0 – 4 h of the infection. We further explored the mechanism of QH in CVB 3 and found that QH effectively blocked the attachment and penetration of CVB 3 into cells. To confirm the antiviral effect of QH in vivo , 4- week- old male Balb/C mice (n = 125) were used and inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of CVB 3 suspension (10 PFU) or saline as control (n = 25). At 48h postinoculation, the infected mice were administered intragastrically with QH either 200 mg·kg −1 ·d −1 , 600 mg·kg −1 ·d −1 or 1800 mg·kg −1 ·d −1 , with Ribavirin (90 mg·kg −1 ·d −1 , PO) as positive control and saline as sham treatment group (n = 25 in each above group). After 28 days, QH treatment increased the survival rate from 16% (vehicle) to 64% (QH: 1800 mg·kg −1 ·d −1 ) by the Kaplan-Meier method. In addition, QH protected the cardiac pathological changes induced by CVB 3 , and decreased myocardial virus titer significantly (vehicle: 3.6 ± 1.7 vs. QH: 1.9 ± 0.9, p 0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that QH is a very promising potent antiviral agent with a highly significant effect on survival and pathological changes in CVB 3 -induced myocarditis.
Contemporary Advances in Myocardial Metabolic Imaging and Their Impact on Clinical Care: a Focus on Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

The purpose of this review is to give a brief historical context and overview of cardiac substrate metabolism, including recent discoveries, and then delve into newer advances in positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial metabolic imaging. Some of the recent discoveries of cardiac metabolism involve the pleiotropic effects of metabolism of minor substrates, such as ketones and branch chain amino acids. Contemporary advancements in cardiac imaging include the following: novel radiotracers, new technologies, and evidence showing how patient-specific attributes, such as sex and age, affect myocardial metabolism. Myocardial metabolism is a dynamic field with several new advances. PET imaging has allowed us to better quantify and understand the complexities of the heart’s metabolism and the effects of different conditions and therapies on the heart, as well as detect potentially life-threatening infections in heart failure patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs).
Uncoupling Obesity from Cancer: Bromodomain Co-regulators That Control Inflammatory Networks

As the epidemic of overweight and obesity spreads, the number of ­individuals at risk for metabolic complications of obesity, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, is expected to increase. Importantly, the risks of complications are not evenly distributed, because not all obesity is biochemically identical. Here we describe “metabolically healthy obese” humans and animal models that show remarkable protection from insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, despite severe obesity. A hallmark of these patients and animals is their reduced inflammatory profile, which we hypothesize confers protection not only from cardiometabolic risk in obesity but also from obesity-associated cancers. Research is urgently required to investigate the basis for this protection, to identify treatment options and prevention strategies for at-risk populations. We explore novel insights into chromatin-based, transcriptional co-regulator mechanisms that link apparently unrelated diseases, with the idea that certain molecularly targeted strategies could moderate multiple risks in obesity. We voice concern that low socioeconomic status citizens are particularly at risk for cardiometabolic disease and obesity-associated cancer, in part because many such individuals live in inflammatory and obesogenic environments. An integrated and hypothesis-driven approach is needed to study and protect these vulnerable and underserved populations from the rising tide of obesity-associated cancer.
A tale of two case studies: using integrated methods to support rigorous requirements specication

Integrated formal and informal specification techniques (FISTs) have been the focus of a number of research projects since the mid-eighties. Research in this area aim at producing specification techniques that integrate concepts and notations used in mature formal specification techniques (FSTs) and popular graphical modeling methods such as Structured Analysis (SA) and Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA). In this paper we illustrate, using the results of two case studies, two roles FSTs can play in the context of less formal graphical requirements modeling and analysis techniques. In the first case study discussed an extended Petri Net model is used to prototype a textbook SART (SA/Real-Time) model. In this case, the formal model acts as a prototype, and is used to dynamically validate the requirements expressed in the SART model. In the second case study an integrated OOA method (Fusion) and FST (Z) is used to create requirements models that are graphical and analyzable. In this case, the formal models act as more precise representations of the requirements captured by the graphical models.
Feasibility and acceptability of metformin to augment low milk supply: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background:Metformin improves insulin action, but feasibility in treating low milk supply is unknown.Research aim:To determine the feasibility of a metformin-versus-placebo definitive randomized cl...
Quenching autofluorescence in the alimentary canal tissues of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) for immunofluorescence labeling.

Immunofluorescence has been widely used to localize microbes or specific molecules in insect tissues or cells. However, significant autofluorescence is frequently observed in tissues which can interfere with the fluorescent identification of target antigens, leading to inaccurate or even false positive fluorescent labeling. The alimentary canal of the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli Sulc, exhibits intense autofluorescence, hindering the application of immunolocalization for the detection and localization of the economically important pathogen transmitted by this insect, "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" (Lso). In the present study, we tested the use of irradiation, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and Sudan black B (SBB) treatments to reduce the autofluorescence in the B. cockerelli alimentary canal tissues. Furthermore, we assessed the compatibility of the above-mentioned treatments with Lso immunolocalization and actin staining using phalloidin. Our results showed that the autofluorescence in the alimentary canal was reduced by irradiation, H2 O2 , or SBB treatments. The compatibility assays indicated that irradiation and H2 O2 treatment both greatly reduced the fluorescent signal associated with Lso and actin. However, the SBB incubation preserved those target signals, while efficiently eliminating autofluorescence in the psyllid alimentary canal. Therefore, herein we propose a robust method for reducing the autofluorescence in the B. cockerelli alimentary canal with SBB treatment, which may improve the use of immunofluorescence labeling in this organism. This method may also have a wide range of uses by reducing the autofluorescence in other arthropod species.
Locating multiple capacitated semi-obnoxious facilities using evolutionary strategies

Abstract This paper presents a model for the semi-obnoxious, multiple capacitated facility location problem on a Euclidean plane. Even though this problem arises often in public planning, this is the first known paper solving this class of problem for more than one facility in continuous space where capacity is considered. The problem is solved using a bi-objective evolutionary strategy algorithm that seeks to minimize social and non-social costs. The effects of under and over capacitating the facility are included in the cost functions. Two case study problems are solved, one involving the siting of fire stations in a college town, the other locating solid waste transfer stations in a major metropolitan area. The solutions produced by the model are compared to the real-world placement of the facilities. The algorithm yields many non-dominated solutions covering the whole range of values for both objectives in a short amount of time. Also considered are the effects of adding multiple facilities sequentially as happens in a real-world, phased implementation that spans years, as opposed to placing the facilities all at once.
Recent Advances and Current Challenges in Applying Source-Sink Theory to Species Conservation

The source-sink paradigm has been a powerful tool for focusing theoretical and empirical explorations of population dynamics in heterogeneous landscapes. The prevalence of suspected source-sink dynamics in empirical studies would lead to the conclusion that sources and sinks are common. However, important questions remain about how source-sink dynamics have been assessed in past studies and the degree to which current approaches apply to atypical populations and dynamic landscapes. We reviewed 432 papers that directly addressed source-sink dynamics between 1985 and 2018. We found that the majority of studies focused on birds, mammals, and forested systems. In recent years, however, the number of aquatic invertebrate and marine studies increased, as did the tendency to focus on conservation or management goals and to report population trends. Although 79% of papers claimed to identify source-sink dynamics, only 13% of studies based their assessment on all four measures of reproduction, mortality, immigration, and emigration. Nearly 23% of all studies used neither demographic nor movement metrics to make conclusions about the presence of source-sink dynamics. Source-sink theory and practice has matured and is increasingly relevant for species conservation and management. However, we lack a clear understanding of the conditions under which limited data can defensibly support source-sink assessments and be scaled up to the extent at which resource decisions are made. In the absence of this, future studies will need to take a more rigorous approach to defining sources and sinks to better gauge the prevalence of source-sink dynamics.
High C-rate performance of LiFePO4/carbon nanofibers composite cathode for Li-ion batteries

Abstract Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were incorporated into LiFePO4 composite cathode through conventional slurry formulation. Pristine LiFePO4 and modified LiFePO4 cathode samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, and cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical measurements at room temperature showed LiFePO4/CNF composite to exhibit a higher specific discharge capacity of ~ 150 mAh g−1 at 0.1C, excellent high rate performance at > 5C capability rates, and better cycling stability with 98.4% capacity retention at 5C after 200 cycles. The improved high C-rate performance of the LiFePO4/CNF composite cathode can be attributed to long-range conductive networks formed through bridges created by the CNFs. The enhanced battery performance indicates promise for high-power applications.
p53-Hsp90 Axis in Human Cancer

The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that is abundantly expressed in cancer cells and plays a pivotal role in correct folding and functions of a variety of oncogenic clients. Hsp90 is up-regulated in response to cellular stresses that cancer cells encounter, such as heat, hypoxia and nutrient deprivation, conditions commonly associated with the tumor microenvironment. P53 is the tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in nearly 50% of all human cancers. When mutated p53 not only lose its tumor suppressive function but also gain novel oncogenic activities via gain-of-function mechanisms leading to increased genomic instability, chemoresistance, and metastasis, which promote tumor progression. In contrast to wild-type p53, mutant p53 is protected from degradation via interaction with Hsp90 leading to marked stabilization of mutant p53 protein in cancer cells. Recent in vivo studies unequivocally have proven that the stabilization of mutant p53 is crucial pre-requisite for its oncogenic functions. The pharmacological targeting the pathways involved in the stabilization of mutant p53, in particular, the Hsp90 chaperone complex, recently attracted a lot of attention as a promising therapeutic approach to treat mutant p53 harboring cancers.
Clock Skew Optimization

Conventional synchronous circuit design is predicated on the assumption that each clock signal of the same phase arrives at each memory element at exactly the same time. In a sequential VLSI circuit, due to differences in interconnect delays on the clock distribution network, this simultaneity is difficult to achieve and clock signals do not arrive at all of the registers at the same time. This is referred to as a skew in the clock. In a single-phase edge-triggered circuit, in the case where there is no clock skew, the designer must ensure that for correct operation, each input-output path of a combinational subcircuit has a delay that is less than the clock period. In the presence of skew, however, the relation grows more complex and the task of designing the combinational subcircuits becomes more involved.
Multicultural Experiences and the Secondary Transfer Effect of Intercultural Attitudes

Abstract. This research investigates whether multicultural experiences (MCEs) (1) improve attitudes toward primary outgroups, (2) improve attitudes toward secondary outgroups (the “secondary transf...
Utilization and Cost Effects of the VHA Caring for Older Adults and Caregivers at Home (COACH) Program.

Since 2010, the Veterans Health Administration has initiated a home-based Caring for Older Adults and Caregivers at Home (COACH) program to provide clinical support to dementia patients and family ...
Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation (Nora's Lesion) of Mandible With Recurrence: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) is a rare benign lesion exhibiting radiographic and histologic features that can be mistaken for malignancy. Most cases have been reported in the small tubular bones of the hands and feet, but involvement of the skull and jaws is extremely rare. Here, we present a case of BPOP involving the mandible in a 23-year-old male that, after initial excision, recurred within 18 months. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the third published case of BPOP arising in the mandible.
Precision half-life measurement of Al 25

A new precision half-life measurement of $^{25}\mathrm{Al}$ was conducted using the TwinSol $\ensuremath{\beta}$-counting station at the University of Notre Dame. The new measured value of ${t}_{1/2}^{\mathrm{new}}=7.1657(24)$ s is in good agreement with the most recent measurement, while being 3 times more precise. Using these new measurements, an evaluation of the $^{25}\mathrm{Al}$ half-life has been performed, leading to an average half-life of ${t}_{1/2}^{\mathrm{world}}=7.1665(26)$ s, which is 5 times more precise than it's predecessor and has a more satisfactory Birge ratio of 1.1. To aid in future measurements of correlation parameters, a new Fermi to Gamow-Teller mixing ratio $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and correlation parameters for this mixed transition have been calculated assuming the standard model validity using the new world half-life.
Comparative Analysis of the Gravitational Capture Potential for the Terrestrial Planets and Planet Neptune

The gravitational capture potential for a planet can be assessed fairly accurately by mapping the geometry of the stable capture zones (SCZs) in two dimensions for the planet-planetoid combination. Major factors that determine the geometry of SCZs are (1) distance from the Sun and (2) eccentricity of the orbit of the planet. If the orbit of the planet is nearly circular like those of Venus and Earth, then the stable capture potential is more easily assessed because the dimensions of the Hill sphere remain fairly constant over the annual cycle. If the orbit of the planet has significant eccentricity, then the dimensions of the Hill sphere gradually change over the annual cycle and satellite escape into heliocentric orbit can occur more easily. In this case of elevated heliocentric eccentricity, the geometry of the resulting SCZ will be diminished. In general, retrograde SCZs are larger in two-dimensional extent than prograde SCZs. However, retrograde orbits are inherently more unstable than prograde orbits. The differences are obvious when running encounter simulations in which insufficient energy is dissipated for stable capture. For prograde encounters with insufficient energy dissipation for capture, the encountering planetoid escapes back into a slightly changed heliocentric orbit and it can have more encounters with the planet in the future. In the case of retrograde encounters with sufficient energy dissipation to keep the planetoid in the vicinity of the planet for several orbits but not enough for capture, the planetoid does not escape back into heliocentric orbit but collides with the planet. These collisions can be grazing collisions (low probability) or solid collisions (high probability) which result in the elimination of the encountering planetoid.
Robust stability of melatonin circadian phase, sleep metrics, and chronotype across months in young adults living in real-world settings.

Appropriate synchronization of the timing of behaviors with the circadian clock and adequate sleep are both important for almost every physiological process. The timing of the circadian clock relative to social (ie, local) clock time and the timing of sleep can vary greatly among individuals. Whether the timing of these processes is stable within an individual is not well-understood. We examined the stability of circadian-controlled melatonin timing, sleep timing, and their interaction across ~ 100 days in 15 students at a single university. At three time points ~ 35-days apart, circadian timing was determined from the dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO). Sleep behaviors (timing and duration) and chronotype (ie, mid-sleep time on free days corrected for sleep loss on school/work days) were determined via actigraphy and analyzed in ~ 1-month bins. Melatonin timing was stable, with an almost perfect relationship strength as determined via intraclass correlation coefficients ([ICC]=0.85); average DLMO timing across all participants only changed from the first month by 21 minutes in month 2 and 5 minutes in month 3. Sleep behaviors also demonstrated high stability, with ICC relationship strengths ranging from substantial to almost perfect (ICCs = 0.65-0.85). Average DLMO was significantly associated with average chronotype (r2 = 0.53, P <.01), with chronotype displaying substantial stability across months (ICC = 0.61). These findings of a robust stability in melatonin timing and sleep behaviors in young adults living in real-world settings holds promise for a better understanding of the reliability of previous cross-sectional reports and for the future individualized strategies to combat circadian-associated disease and impaired safety (ie, "chronomedicine").
Direct 3D printing of multi-level voxel models

Abstract We present a direct method for the additive manufacturing of multi-level voxelized models that achieves a better surface finish. We have developed a new multi-level marching squares algorithm to identify the boundary of the multi-level voxelized model. We have also developed methods to use the multi-level voxelization to perform the infill operation based on user-defined infill density. We directly generate the GCode that is input into the 3D printer for printing. Our method overcomes the issues associated with the slicing operation for standard CAD models. In addition, we can directly print thresholded voxel models that are output from CT or MRI scans to get a physical 3D representation of medical data. We show that our method performs well by directly printing test models of multi-level voxel representation of complex CAD geometries, and cardiac CT data.
Insurance status and survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A National Cancer Database study before and after the Affordable Care Act.

6539Background: The impact of insurance status on survival in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common aggressive lymphoma, has not been evaluated after the implementation of the Affo...
The reluctant analyst

We estimate the dynamics of recommendations by financial analysts, uncovering the determinants of inertia in their recommendations. We provide overwhelming evidence that analysts revise recommendations reluctantly, introducing frictions to avoid frequent revisions. More generally, we characterize the sources underlying the infrequent revisions that analysts make. Publicly available data matter far less for explaining recommendation dynamics than do the recommendation frictions and the long-lived information that analysts acquire but the econometrician does not observe. Estimates suggest that analysts structure recommendations strategically to generate a profitable order flow from retail traders. We provide extensive evidence that our model describes how investors believe analysts make recommendations, and that investors value private information revealed by analysts' recommendations.
Beyond Signaling and Human Capital: Education and the Revelation of Ability †

We provide evidence that college graduation plays a direct role in revealing ability to the labor market. Using the NLSY79, our results suggest that ability is observed nearly perfectly for college graduates, but is revealed to the labor market more gradually for high school graduates. Consequently, from the beginning of their careers, college graduates are paid in accordance with their own ability, while the wages of high school graduates are initially unrelated to their own ability. This view of ability revelation in the labor market has considerable power in explaining racial differences in wages, education, and returns to ability.
A Critical Analysis of Current Practices and Beliefs Underlying General Physical Education Programs in Higher Education

Abstract This study was made to determine a current set of concepts which physical educators believe should characterize the purposes of the modern college program of general physical education. A review of current literature was conducted to identify and define those concepts which seemed to be characteristic of the purposes of the general college program of physical education. From this literature a structured interview guide was developed. Sections I and II of this guide contained questions concerning the current status of this program. Questions designed to elicit opinions with regard to selected aspects of the general college program of physical education also were included. Section III contained statements of concepts currently appearing in the literature of higher education. The data were obtained by the personal interview and the mailed questionnaire technique. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed to compare responses among three groups of respondents: a group of physical educators who were se...
Clinical and laboratory effects of nortestosterone. I. The management of anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

This paper gives the authors experience with the synthetic progestational steroids norlutin(17-alpha-ethinyl-19-nortestosterone) and methalutin(17-alpha-methyl-19-nortesterone) in the control of anovulatory cycles. The diagnosis of anovulation was made by curettage or endometrial biopsy prior to uterine bleeding in older patients and by pregnanediol determination or basal body temperature in younger. A fern test was usually done on the cervical mucus prior to therapy. Negative fern tests indicate different therapy. Amernorrhea in patients treated had varied from 35 days to 2 years. Each compound was given 2 mg orally over a 4-day period in cases of dysfunctional bleeding due to anovulation. Some patients received a second course when they had gone 5 weeks without another menstrual flow. Withdrawal flow followed promptly after cessation of medication in 20 of 22 patients treated. No side effects were noted. Also these drugs in doses used converted an estrogen-primed endometrium into a secretory pattern with withdrawal flow after cessation of therapy.