cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metal-nitroxyl interactions. 18. Spin-labeled copper carboxylate dimers and monomers

Abstract EPR spectra of spin-labeled copper carboxylate dimers and monomers were obtained in room-temperature solutions and in frozen glasses at about −180°C. At room temperature the copper-nitroxyl interaction in the dimer results in severe broadening of the nitroxyl signal and a decrease in nitroxyl relaxation time. In the frozen-glass spectrum of the dimer the nitroxyl relaxation time is decreased by interaction with the copper but the lineshape changes are dominated by nitroxyl-nitroxyl interactions. In 1:1 pyridine: toluene solution the dimers dissociate into monomers. The spectra of the monomers in solution and in frozen glasses have g and A values which are averages of those expected for the copper and nitroxyl electrons, indicating that the electron-electron exchange interaction is large relative to the g -value differences and the nuclear hyperfine interactions.
Minsky and Keynes on speculation and finance

Abstract Is Hyman Minsky's “Financial Instability Hypothesis” actually an interpretation of Keynes General Theory? Yes and no. Yes, they both describe an economy dominated by monetary forces in which employment and output dance to the expectations of financial players via speculation. But, no, they do not contain the same analytical structure. Keynes' theory specifies static positions of equilibrium. Minsky's analysis investigates the dynamic processes of the business cycle. Minsky's work might be viewed as the business cycle theory Keynes hinted at, but never completed.
Conformal mappings for internal viscous flow problems

Abstract Isolated occlusions in a straight channel or pipe can be described analytically in a fashion that allows efficient, accurate computation of nonlinear flow fields through conformal transformations.
Ice-age hurricanes and tropical storms

We compare Pleistocene tropical cyclones with present-day storms in this study through the use of a three-dimensional numerical model simulating hurricane development and processes1. The characteristics of Atlantic ice-age tropical storms are derived from reconstructions of the 18,000 BP climate (the Last Glacial Maximum or LGM) and the GISS (Goddard Institute of Space Studies) General Circulation Model's LGM simulation2,3. The simulation results indicate that although the structure of the ice-age atmosphere was colder and more stable, it had the potential to support development of tropical cyclones. Such storms, however, would be substantially weaker than contemporary storms. This investigation demonstrates the value of integrating numerical models of varying spatial scales in climatic research.
Fate and transport of ethylenediaminetetraacetate chelated contaminants in subsurface environments

Abstract Decontamination efforts during weapons production has historically involved the generation of mixed waste that was composed of organically chelated radionuclides. Waste disposal has traditionally involved shallow land burial, and not until recently has the subsurface migration of the organically complexed contaminants (co-contaminants) become a significant concern. The objective of this study was to provide an improved understanding of the geochemical processes that control the fate and transport of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) chelated contaminants in heterogeneous subsurface environments. A batch technique was utilized to investigate the kinetics and mechanisms of Co(II)EDTA2− and Sr(II)EDTA2− interaction with naturally heterogeneous saprolites and laboratory prepared pyrolusite (β-MnO2) coated SiO2. The interaction of Co(II)EDTA2− with the subsurface media was characterized by a Mn-oxide induced oxidation of the co-contaminant to form Co(III)EDTA−. The Co(III)EDTA− complex exhibited time-dependent adsorption on the subsurface material, and this adsorption process was unaffected by differences in ionic strength. The oxidation reaction of Co(II)EDTA2− to Co(III)EDTA− by subsurface Mn-oxides was catalytic such that significantly more Co(II)EDTA2− was oxidized relative to the net Mn (IV) reduced. The interaction of SrEDTA2− with the subsurface media was characterized by a solid phase induced dissociation of the co-contaminant. Subsurface Fe and Al sources effectively dissociated the SrEDTA2− complex, and Fe(III)EDTA− and AI(III)EDTA− were formed. Competition of Al and Fe for complex formation with EDTA was time-dependent and controlled by the availability of the Al and Fe sources and the stability of the metal-EDTA complexes. The contaminant Sr remained unchelated and existed as a reactive, divalent cation. The implications of the EDTA chelate on the fate and transport of contaminants in subsurface environments are discussed.
Capacity of semiconductor electrodes with multiple bulk electronic states Part I. Model and calculations for discrete states

Abstract The differential capacity of a semiconductor electrode with multiple doping states has been investigated through model calculations. Deep states in the band gap that are not ionized at flatband conditions become ionized as a function of increasing potential drop in the space charge layer. The creation of an additional source of charge in the form of these ionized states causes an increase in the capacity near the potential at which these states are ionized. The charge of the deep donors is treated as a potential-dependent function. It is shown that the slope of a Mott-Schottky plot can be used to evaluate the dopant concentration only when the charge density function is constant.
Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p'-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass.

In this study, largemouth bass (LMB) were subchronically exposed to p,p′-DDE or dieldrin in their diet to evaluate the effect of exposure on expression of genes involved in reproduction and steroid homeostasis. Using real-time PCR, we detected a different gene expression pattern for each OCP, suggesting that they each affect LMB in a different way. We also detected a different expression pattern among sexes, suggesting that sexes are affected differently by OCPs perhaps reflecting the different adaptive responses of each sex to dysregulation caused by OCP exposure.
Bioluminescent imaging and histopathologic characterization of WEEV neuroinvasion in outbred CD-1 mice

Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV; Alphavirus) is a mosquito-borne virus that can cause severe encephalitis in humans and equids. Previous studies have shown that intranasal infection of outbred CD-1 mice with the WEEV McMillan (McM) strain result in high mortality within 4 days of infection. Here in vivo and ex vivo bioluminescence (BLM) imaging was applied on mice intranasally infected with a recombinant McM virus expressing firefly luciferase (FLUC) to track viral neuroinvasion by FLUC detection and determine any correlation between BLM and viral titer. Immunological markers of disease (MCP-1 and IP-10) were measured and compared to wild type virus infection. Histopathology was guided by corresponding BLM images, and showed that neuroinvasion occurred primarily through cranial nerves, mainly in the olfactory tract. Olfactory bulb neurons were initially infected with subsequent spread of the infection into different regions of the brain. WEEV distribution was confirmed by immunohistochemistry as having marked neuronal infection but very few infected glial cells. Axons displayed infection patterns consistent with viral dissemination along the neuronal axis. The trigeminal nerve served as an additional route of neuroinvasion showing significant FLUC expression within the brainstem. The recombinant virus WEEV.McM.FLUC had attenuated replication kinetics and induced a weaker immunological response than WEEV.McM but produced comparable pathologies. Immunohistochemistry staining for FLUC and WEEV antigen showed that transgene expression was present in all areas of the CNS where virus was observed. BLM provides a quantifiable measure of alphaviral neural disease progression and a method for evaluating antiviral strategies.
Protection of Aquatic Biodiversity in California: A Five-tiered Approach

Abstract Aquatic biodiversity is being lost at an even more rapid rate than terrestrial biodiversity, especially in arid regions such as California. In the United States, it is increasingly obvious that the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) cannot adequately deal with this loss. To help solve this problem, we have developed a five-tiered approach for aquatic conservation in California that should be applicable to other regions as well: (1) immediate ESA listing of species likely to be extirpated in the next 20 years; (2) implementation of restoration-oriented management strategies for clusters of declining species that inhabit the same habitats or drainages; (3) creation of a system of drainages and habitats called Aquatic Diversity Management Areas that provides systematic, statewide protection of aquatic biodiversity; (4) designation of a system of key watersheds, starting with seven pilot watershed projects that represent a diversity of challenges; and (5) development of schemes for bioregional land...
Stimulation of methane emission by carbon dioxide enrichment of marsh vegetation

THERE is substantial evidence that many plants respond to increased concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide by increasing their productivity1–4. This observation has led to the suggestion that, by taking up CO2, the terrestrial biosphere might mitigate the potential greenhouse warming associated with anthro-pogenic CO2 emissions5. Whiting and Chanton6 have found, how-ever, that for wetlands of varying productivity around the world, higher net primary production is associated with higher emissions of methane—another important greenhouse gas. Here we present measurements of methane emissions from a marsh that has been exposed to twice the present ambient concentration of atmospheric CO2. We find that over a one-week period, the CO2-enriched sites had significantly higher emissions of methane than the control sites. Our results suggest that future increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration may lead to significant increases in methane emis-sions from wetlands.
Conductivity anisotropy and transverse magnetoresistance of Nb Se 3

The first-transverse de conductivity measurements on a member of the transiton-metal trichalcogenides (Nb${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$) are presented. The conductivity anisotropy $\frac{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{b}}{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}}$ (where $b$ is the chain axis) was obtained using the Montgomery technique, and varies from 10 to 20 as a function of temperature. The transverse resistivity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}$ also shows anomalies associated with the charge-density-wave transitions at ${T}_{1}$ (142 K) and ${T}_{2}$ (58 K). However, these anomalies are smaller than the corresponding ones in ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{b}$. The quantity $\frac{{R}_{H}(0)}{({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{b}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c})}$, where ${R}_{H}$ is the Hall constant, demonstrates explicitly the freeze-out of thermally excited quasiparticles below each transition. We show that at both transition gaps appears on the hole surface, and the hole concentration decreases rapidly. The transverse magnetoresistance at low fields has also been measured. Its monotonic power-law decrease with increasing temperature shows explicitly that the resistivity anomalies are due to changes in the carrier concentration, and not in the lifetimes.
Insect response to mixture and monoculture patches of Michigan old-field annual herbs.

1. The response of insects to the presence of discrete arrays of mixture and monoculture plots of weed species normally dominant in first-year Michigan old-fields was studied. 2. Plant species used were Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Panicum capillare and Setaria viridis. 3. Two experiments were implemented, one with pure stands of each species and the other with mixture stands of equiproportionate numbers of each plant species (Fig. 1). 4. Sucking insects had significantly higher weights, lower diversities and greater expressions of dominance in Chenopodium stands (Tables 2 and 3) (Fig. 2). Chewing insects showed a similar response with regard to weight (Fig. 2), but not with respect to diversity and evenness indices (Tables 2 and 3). Non-herbivorous insects did not differentiate between the species when in pure stands. 5. Although there was a significantly greater mean weight of sucking insects in the mixture plots, none of the insect guilds differed significantly among the mixture treatments with respect to the parameters tested (Tables 2 and 3). 6. Results of this study support the C4 avoidance hypothesis (Caswell et al., 1973), especially with regard to sucking insects. 7. Continued studies investigating plant-insect interaction are discussed.
IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES TO GROWTH HORMONE THERAPY IN GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY

In order to determine the role of growth hormone (GH) on immunological functions, several kinds of lymphocyte subsets and killer cell activities including natural killer (NK), interferone-augmented NK, and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) celles were studied in 12 children and 12 adults with GH deficiency. The results were compared with age-matched normal controls. Adult patients had been previously treated with hGH in childhood. In child patients, NK and LAK activities were significantly low before hGH therapy, but they increased to normal levels after one year of hGH therapy. However, a significant low percentage of Leu 7+ cells was observed both before and after hGH therapy in 11 children. In adult patients, NK activities were normal, but interferon-augmented NK activities and LAK activities were low. However, LAK activities increased after one month of hGH therapy. These results suggest that in children GH deficiency may cause the defective killer cell activities, and that hGH therapy may recover the function of killer cells, though the number of killer cells remained at a low level. In adult patients, short term hGH therapy resulted in normalization of LAK activities but did not resulted in normalization of other cellular immunological abnormalities. Therefore, GH is thought to be indispensable to develop and maintain some killer cell activities.
Structural Hegemony in Sub-Sahara Africa: Implications for Readjustment of Polarized Economic Regions

Uneven development in space in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) has been attributed to inequalities in comparative advantage within the neoclassical framework of free and competitive markets. The role of structural hegemony, centered in primate cities with controls on allocation and mobilization of development resources throughout the post-colonial state in SSA, has been largely ignored in the literature. Policies and plans for development that were based on the assumption of free and competitive markets in Africa have been frustrated because they did not take into account the role of structural hegemony and associated biases in determining the spatial pattern of costs and benefits of production within incorporated state economic systems. This paper develops a framework which would characterize uneven development in SSA as a function of competitive (or neoclassical) forces of spatial inequality, and hegemonic (structural) forces of spatial inequity. The increasing dominance of hegemonic forces, which have progressively submerged competitive forces of production and distribution, are blamed for slowing down progress in SSA and are seen as the principal constraint in structural readjustment. A brief illustrative case study of Ethiopia and Zimbabwe is provided to verify the hegemonic process and to demonstrate its two dominant forms of spatial polarity in SSA.
Bias of cartilage T2 values related to method of calculation

Purpose To determine how different methods for calculating T2 affect the resulting T2 values of patellar cartilage.
Prevention of Heat-Coagulation, Mercuric-Precipitation of Proteins, and of Precipitation of Alkaloids by Colloidal Dyes:

ConclusionsCertain colloidal dyes, namely, congo red, vital red, trypan red, mercurochrome, rose bengal and sodium fluorescein, strikingly prevent the heat-coagulation and mercuric-precipitation of horse serum and egg albumin, and also the alkaloidal precipitation by Mayer's reagent. These powerful protective actions in vitro appear to be associated with the physical (colloidal) properties of these dyes, in agreement with a similar mechanism of protection exerted by some of these dyes on the actions of potent toxins and drugs in vitro. The possible significance of the mechanism of these common protective phenomena, for chemotherapy in general, is briefly discussed.
Military Logistics: Insights for Business Logistics

During the last 30 years the environments faced by the business logistics manager have dramatically increased in complexity. The integration of logistics processes with organizational strategy, increasing complexities of partnership/channel relationships, and the increasingly international scope of business logistics processes are examples of these complexities. The military logistics literature addresses complex issues of integrating logistics with strategy and tactics; co‐ordinating world wide supply operations; co‐ordinating an industrial base with military needs; and managing cycles of mobilization, warfare, and demobilization. Summarizes the development of business logistics thought, reviews the military logistics literature, and develops insights from the said literature that appear relevant to business logistics thought.
Inversion of Membrane Protein Gating Models in Bioelectricity

In recent years we have seen a dramatic increase in the complexity of Markov model configurations. While single protein data allow to directly estimate the Markov transition rates from the data it is not possible to do so with macroscopic data. In several instances experimental constraints does not permit single protein measurements. This limitation combined with the complexity of Markov model configurations makes the estimation problem a non-trivial one.Here we address the task of finding the Markov rates from macroscopic data. We assume the transition rates functions of one independent variable (e.g. the membrane voltage). We do not constrain the dependence to any particular form. Indeed the dependence of the transition rates with respect to the independent variable is represented with Bsplines. The method we introduce is truly non-linear. The Bspline coefficients are obtained applying a sequence of nonlinear transformations to the data.Set of currents obtained in voltage clamp stimulation protocols (or clamp of the independent variable) are represented by exponential time series. We first introduce a generalization of Prony's method that allow to obtain unambiguously the coefficients and arguments of the exponential time series associated to each current. We show that the estimation of the Markov rates from the coefficients and arguments of the exponential time series constitutes an inverse eigenvalue problem. We introduce a procedure that allows to solve this eigenvalue problem with a sequence of nonlinear transformations. We apply the method to currents produced by a given Markov model which allows us to judge the accuracy of the procedure. An interesting outcome of our analysis is that the Markov rates are not unique if a minimal and complementary data set is not produced.
A simplified approach to the treatment of medical emergencies in the dental office

The ability to recognize cardinal physical signs and to use correct drugs and equipment is necessary for the dentist who may be called on to evaluate on emergency situation and treat the patient . Important signs to watch for and the technics of using mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, a manual resuscitator bog, closed-chest cardiac massage, and cricothyreotomy ore discussed. Emergency equipment and drugs should be available to improve the chances of effective care.
Multi-robot coverage and exploration on Riemannian manifolds with boundaries

Multi-robot coverage and exploration are fundamental problems in robotics. A widely used, efficient and distributable algorithm for achieving coverage of a convex environment with Euclidean metrics is that proposed by Cortes which is based on the discrete-time Lloyd's algorithm. This algorithm is not directly applicable to general Riemannian manifolds with boundaries that are non-convex and are intrinsically non-Euclidean. In this paper we generalize the control law based on minimization of the coverage functional to such non-Euclidean spaces punctured by obstacles. We also propose a practical discrete implementation based on standard graph search-based algorithms. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed algorithm by solving efficient coverage problems on a sphere and a torus with obstacles, and exploration problems in non-convex indoor environments.
Fine structure of epidermal differentiation in the mouse.

The structure of the epidermis of mice from nine days in utero to adult has been studied with the electron microscope. During fetal development the epidermis increases in thickness and four structurally distinct regions are present by 15–17 days in utero. Fetal epidermis differs from adult epidermis by the presence of large, tripartite keratohyalin granules in the superficial layers. Such structures are absent in adult epidermis. Furthermore, there are fewer tonofilament bundles in fetal epidermis, and no cornified layer containing 100 A keratin fibers is found in the fetal stages. A peridermal layer is also present in the fetus.
Codes of conduct for Catholic clergy in the United States: The professionalization of the priesthood

Professional codes of conduct for priests are being implemented in all US Catholic dioceses/eparchies as a result of Articles 6 and 12 in the Charter for the Protection of Children & Young People; a document promulgated by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Many dioceses/eparchies are adopting the Virtus Model Code of Pastoral Conduct endorsed by the National Catholic Risk Retention Group, Inc. This paper will focus on the ramifications of codes of conduct for priests, and particularly the Virtus Model Code of Pastoral Conduct.
Effect of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-ethyluracil on mitochondrial functions in HepG2 cells

Abstract The effects of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β- d -arabinofuranosyl)-5-ethyluracil (D-FEAU) on mitochondrial functions were examined in HepG2 cells. D-FEAU between 0.1 and 10 μM had no apparent inhibitory effect on cell proliferation for 2-week period; however, D-FEAU caused a decrease in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 2.7 μM. A 20.9% of increase in lactic acid production was observed after the cells were incubated with 10 μM of D-FEAU for 4 days without substantial effect being detected at 0.1 and 1 μM. In addition, no significant changes on mitochondrial morphology were observed in the cells treated with 10 μM of D-FEAU for 14 days under the electron microscope.
Intracranial pressure and outcome in adult encephalitis

The relationship between intracranial pressure (ICP) and outcome was studied in 10 adults with encephalitis. Eight had biopsy-proven herpes simplex encephalitis, one had acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, and in one case the cause of encephalitis was unknown. Monitoring of ICP was instituted because of clinical deterioration or computerized tomography evidence of brain swelling, and was begun a mean of 7 days after the onset of symptoms and continued for a mean of 9 days. All five survivors, but only one of the five fatalities, had an initial ICP of less than 12 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). Four patients with a mean daily ICP of less than 20 mm Hg survived, whereas five of six patients with higher ICP's died (p less than 0.05). Peak ICP did not occur until the 12th day of illness on average. The Glasgow Coma Scale score at the time the ICP monitor was inserted did not correlate with outcome. Intracranial pressure monitoring in severe encephalitis may be a useful adjunct for therapy and an indicator of prognosis.
Embolotherapy for expanding duodenal hematoma

Nonoperative management is currently the recommended initial treatment of duodenal hematomas resulting from blunt abdominal trauma, except in those patients who have persistent hemorrhage which leads to transfusion requirement or hemodynamic instability. This case report describes the use of transcatheter embolization to manage a patient with persistent hemorrhage. This procedure may expand the indications for conservative management.
Back-to-School Health Promotion:

This review discusses school-based health promotion, including evidence-based perspectives on the school's feasibility as a venue for lifestyle risk reduction and disease prevention efforts. Future directions for inquiry and implications for empirically driven public policy initiatives are addressed. Language: en
Polarization effects of a europium complex in stretched polyethylene

Polarization effects in photoluminescence spectra of Eu3+ ions in tris(dinaphthoylmethane) (monophenanthroline)europium(III) complex [abbreviated hereafter as Eu(dnm)3phen] dispersed in stretched polyethylene (PE) reveal quasi-uniaxial alignment of the molecular complex, not present in the unstretched PE. The ligand field structure of Eu3+ 5D0–7F2 transition in the Eu(dnm)3phen single crystal differs from that of a single molecule in stretched PE, indicating rearrangement of the organic ligands upon stretching.
Trends in patterns of treatment of childhood cancer in Los Angeles County.

To assess the proportion of children with cancer who have been managed by mainstream pediatric cancer programs, population-based cancer incidence data for Los Angeles Country (LAC) children (under 20 years of age) for the years 1972 through 1987 were linked with patient records of children registered with the two national cooperative pediatric oncology groups, Children's Cancer Study Group and Pediatric Oncology Group. The proportion of children with cancer who were registered by cooperative groups increased markedly over time: 9% of LAC children younger than 15 years of age who were diagnosed with cancer in 1972 were registered with cooperative groups, compared to 52% of those diagnosed in 1980 and 62% of those diagnosed in 1987
NMR relaxation processes of 31P in macromolecules

31P-Nmr relaxation parameters (spin-lattice relaxation time, linewidth, and nuclear Overhauser effect) were obtained at three different frequencies for poly(U) and a well-defined (145 ± 3 base-pair) fragment of DNA in solution. Data sets for the two samples were analyzed by theories which included relaxation by the mechanisms of 31P chemical shift anisotropy as well as by 1H-31P dipole–dipole interaction. Neither data set could be satisfactorily described by a single correlation time. A model of a rigid rotor most nearly fits the data for the DNA molecule. Parameters obtained from the least-square fit indicate (1) that the DNA undergoes anisotropic reorientation with a correlation time τ0 = 6.5 × 10−7 sec for the end-to-end motion, (2) the ratio of diffusion constants D∥/D⊥ is 91, and (3) that the linewidth is due to chemical shift dispersion to the extent of 0.5 ppm. Some deviations of the calculated from the observed values suggested that significant torsional and bending motions may also take place for this DNA. Another model which contains isotropic motion but with a broad distribution of correlation times was required to fit the data for poly(U). A log − χ2 distribution function of correlation times [Scheafer, J. (1973) Macromolecules6, 881–888] described well the motion of poly(U) with the average correlation time τ = 3.3 × 10−9 sec and a distribution parameter p = 14.
Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. report of two cases and clinicopathologic review

An unusual syndrome of hepatosplenomegaly and fever followed by rapid deterioration and death has been described in 38 children from 21 families. Pancytopenia, liver dysfunction, and bleeding developed prior to death from hemorrhage, sepsis, or lymphocytic meningitis. This report reviews the literature and adds a set of twins to the reported cases.
The experimental and theoretical gas phase acidities of adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, thymine and halouracils

Abstract The gas phase acidities GPA (ΔH (298) for deprotonation) of the most stable tautomers of adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil and thymine are evaluated. New GPA are obtained from electron impact spectra and acid dissociation constants measured in dimethylsulfoxide for A, U and 5-FU. The average experimental GPA are: [N1 H] C 340(2); T 333(2); U 333(2); 5-FU 329(4); [N9 H] A 333(1); G 332(4); all in kcal/mol. Only cytosine is a weaker acid than HCl in the gas phase. The most acidic hydrogens in the nucleotides are replaced by the sugar in DNA and RNA. The experimental N3 H GPA are G 334(4); U 347(2), T 347(4), while the predicted N3 H 5-FU GPA is 343 kcal/mol. The NH H GPA are: C 346(4); A 352(2); G 336(4) (all in kcal/mol). These are supported by semi-empirical multiconfiguration configuration interaction calculations. The predicted C8 H acidities of G and A and the C6 H of T are about the same, 360(2) kcal/mol. The remaining CH acidities are 370–380 kcal/mol. The 5-halouracils are predicted to be more acidic than HCl.
The impact of managed care and practice size on primary care physicians' perceived ability to refer.

Objectives: To identify the determinants of primary care physicians' perceived ability to refer patients, to compare perceived ability to refer between solo/two-physician practices and group practices, and to determine the impact of managed care on perceived ability to refer.Methods: Multivariate analysis using a dataset derived from the Community Tracking Study Physician Survey, 1996-1997. The variables used to explain physicians' perceived ability to refer included physician and practice characteristics as well as aspects of the financial arrangements of managed care. The sample was stratified by practice size. A likelihood ratio test was performed to determine whether there were differences in practice characteristics and managed care financial arrangements that could explain variations in perceived ability to refer between physicians in solo/two-physician and group practices.Results: Perceived ability to refer did not vary much between physicians in solo/two-physician practices and those in group prac...
A Stochastic Method for Characterizing Ground-Water Contamination

It is becoming widely recognized that field-scale ground-water contaminant plumes are irregular and difficult to predict. Factors which complicate the characterization of such plumes include geological variability, data limitations, and uncertainties about the source of contamination. This paper describes a new approach to site characterization which accounts for variability and uncertainty in a systematic way. The site characterization procedure extracts more information from limited data by combining field measurements with predictions from a stochastic ground-water model. The model provides prior estimates of the mean and standard deviation of solute concentration throughout a contaminated site. These estimates are updated whenever new measurements of hydraulic conductivity, head, and/or concentration become available. The updated concentration standard deviation estimates may be used to guide the placement of sampling wells and to evaluate the accuracy of the site characterization. If updating and data collection are carried out sequentially, over a series of discrete sampling rounds, the sampling network can evolve in response to new information. A case study described in the paper illustrates how the characterization procedure can be applied to a typical field site.
Limitations of PET/CT in determining need for neck dissection after primary chemoradiation for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate PET/CT in predicting residual nodal disease after primary chemoradiation (CRT) for head and neck cancer (HNSCC) with N2 disease o
Transient cortical abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging after status epilepticus: case report.

INTRODUCTION Transient neuroimaging findings associated with seizure activity have received relatively little attention in the neurosurgical literature. These abnormalities may mimick neoplastic or ischemic changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), possibly leading to additional studies and surgical treatment. CASE DESCRIPTION A 17-year-old right-handed male was transferred to emergency room in status epilepticus. A MRI obtained 5 months before admission was negative. On the day of admission, he had multiple intermittent upper-left extremity partial seizures and prolonged secondary generalized seizures. An electroencephalogram (EEG) showed frequent epileptiform discharges over the right hemisphere posteriorly. A MRI study performed 2 days after admission revealed non-hemorrhagic abnormalities involving the right occipital region that were hyperintense on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2 weighted sequences. The apparent diffusion coefficient map was unremarkable. Follow-up MRIs, 3 and 11 months after admission, showed complete resolution of these lesions. CONCLUSION Imaging findings after status epilepticus may raise suspicion of ischemic or neoplastic lesions. These findings may be reversible. Further follow-up imaging may prevent unnecessary intervention.
Comparison of dissolution under oxic acid drainage conditions for eight sedimentary and hydrothermal pyrite samples

The abiotic oxidative dissolution behaviors of eight natural pyrite samples, five sedimentary and three hydrothermal, from various geological environments were compared under oxic conditions at pH 3 and 6 in a highly controlled batch reactor dissolution system. The three sedimentary pyrite samples associated with coal had greater specific surface areas and also exhibited greater apparent dissolution rates and extent than the other two sedimentary and three hydrothermal samples under both pH conditions. However, after normalizing for surface area, the dissolution rate constants for the different pyrite samples were similar; the greatest difference was between the two non-coal sedimentary pyrite samples. Pyrite morphology and the presence of trace metals could contribute to the differences in dissolution behavior as reflected in the normalized dissolution rates. The sulfur:iron ratio observed in the aqueous solution at pH 3 increased with time, but was always less than 2.0 (predicted from the stoichiometry of dissolution) for all the pyrite samples during the 24-h experimental duration. This can be explained by the disproportionation dissociation of thiosulfate, an initial product of pyrite dissolution, to elemental sulfur and sulfate which does not occur in a 1:1 ratio. The results of this work indicate the importance of extracting and using the specific pyrite(s) relevant to particular mining areas in order to understand pyrite dissolution rates and the influence of environmental conditions on those rates.
Prognostic importance of surgical margins in advanced laryngeal squamous carcinoma

The prognostic significance of the status of surgical margins remains unclear in patients with cancer of the larynx. Methods. To further evaluate this issue, a cohort of 159 surgically treated patients with advanced (stage III, IV) squamous carcinoma of the larynx who were part of a prospective multi-institutional clinical trial (VA Laryngeal Cancer Study Group) were studied. Results. All patients underwent total laryngectomy (n = 144) or supraglottic laryngectomy (n = 15) followed by radiotherapy. Surgical margins were assessed intraoperatively and reported on final pathology as either clear (n = 134), tumor within 5-10 mm of the surgical margin (n = 6), less than 5 mm from the surgical margin (n = 8), or involved (n = 11). Postoperative complications, especially fistula rates, were significantly associated with margin status (p =.04 and p =.004, respectively). No significant differences were detected in patterns of recurrence (p =.584) or time to recurrence (p =.712) according to margin status. Patients with close or involved margins received significantly higher doses of radiation (p =.0017), as prescribed in the protocol. Patient survival percentages were 50% for clear margins, 57% for close margins, and 27% for involved margins (p =.286). When grouped by margins >5 mm or <5 mm, patients with wider margins tended to have prolonged disease-free survival (p =.1413) and overall survival (p =.1879). Conclusions. Despite the small number of patients with histologically proven close margins (16%) in this trial, the data suggest that high-dose postoperative radiation does not eliminate the benefit of obtaining widely clear surgical margins. Better methods of assessing and obtaining wide surgical margins may translate into added survival benefit and lower complication rates.
Applying Person-Environment Theory to Vocational Behavior.

Abstract Person-environment is acknowledged to be at the heart of vocational psychology and career development. Comments upon the emphases of selected papers in this special issue are made, focusing upon the need for substantial improvements in the measurement of the environment and the techniques for quantitatively comparing the fit between the person and environment.
The unit-cell dimensions of human enamel apatite: Effect of chloride incorporation

Abstract In order to explain the expanded a-axis of human enamel apatite (9.441 A) compared to that of synthetic (prepared at 900 °C) or mineral (Holly Springs, Ga.) OH-apatite ( a = 9.422 A ), the incorporation of chloride in apatites prepared from aqueous systems at 70–100 °C was studied. These synthetic (Cl, OH)-apatites were prepared either by precipitation or by hydrolysis of monetite, CaHPO4 in NaCl solutions. The incorporation of chloride into the apatite structure (Cl-for-OH substitution) is reflected in the expansion in the a-axis and contraction in the c-axis dimensions. In aqueous systems (100 °C) chloride incorporation is limited to 40 mole per cent (= 3 wt per cent) while from solid state systems (1000–1600 °C), 100 mole per cent (= 6.7 wt per cent Cl) substitution is possible. The chloride incorporation in aqueous systems is further limited when CO3 or F is also present in solutions from which the (Cl, OH)-apatites form. Results from these studies indicate that chloride incorporation in biological apatites is very limited. The expansion of the a-axis dimension of human enamel apatite can be partially attributed to some Cl-for-OH substitution and the rest of the expansion must be explained by other manners of substitution (e.g. HPO4-for-PO4; H4O for OH).
Differential expression analysis of Digital Gene Expression data: RNA-tag filtering, comparison of t-type tests and their genome-wide co-expression based adjustments

Deep sequencing techniques have shown a promising impact on biomedical studies. Based on a recently published two-sample Digital Gene Expression (DGE) data set, we compared three widely used t-type tests for the differential expression analysis. Both the 'soft' and 'hard' filtering strategies were considered. For the 'hard' filtering strategy, we also considered a genome-wide co-expression based adjustment for each t-type test. Our results suggest that excluding RNA-tags at an appropriate level of data variability can improve the control of false positives. Furthermore, the genome-wide co-expression based adjustments consistently provide comparably low levels of false positive control for different exclusion criteria.
Palmer's century sermon, New Orleans, January 1, 1901

Palmer's Century Sermon was prompted by requests from the citizens of New Orleans that he deliver an address dedicated to the Twentieth Century. In addition to the content of the sermon, this article examines Palmer's proofs, organization, style, delivery, and audience reaction. The Century Sermon was a fitting conclusion to the long career of one of the South's great pulpiteers.
The synthesis and biological activity of several ethyl 1-acylindole-3-acetates

Abstract Several ethyl 1-acylindole-3-acetates have been synthesized and their biological activities in three plant systems ascertained. The 1-dichloroacetyl derivative was as active as the parent ester in the tomato ovary growth assay. The 2-chloropropionyl, 3-chloropropionyl, 4-nitrobenzoyl, and 4-aminobenzoyl derivatives were least active. The acetyl and chloroacetyl derivatives were of intermediate activity. The dichloroacetyl radical increased the activity of the parent ester as measured by delay in abscission of debladed bean petioles. The acetyl, chloroacetyl, and nitrobenzoyl compounds were less active, but more active than the parent compound. The 2-chloropropionyl, 3-chloropropionyl, and 4-aminobenzoyl derivatives were no more active than the parent ester and acid. All of the 1-acyl derivatives, except the acetyl, were as active in the Avena straight growth assay as both indole-3-acetic acid and ethyl indole-3-acetate over the range of concentrations used. Ethyl 1-acetylindole-3-acetate was of equivalent activity only at 1 × 10 −5 M. The possible implications of these results in the concepts of structural requirements for auxin activity are discussed.
The spherical spectrum of a graded ring

We introduce a functor Sph, the spherical spectrum, which assigns to a graded ringG a space Sph(G) of homogeneous orderings ofG. It combines ideas of concrete geometry in theN-sphere defined by positively homogeneous polynomial equations and inequalities with the abstract notion of the real spectrum of a ring to give a counterpart for real semialgebraic geometry of the functor Proj.
Augmented Block Householder Arnoldi Method

Computing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a large sparse nonsymmetric matrix arises in many applications and can be a very computationally challenging problem. In this paper we propose the Augmented Block Householder Arnoldi (ABHA) method that combines the advantages of a block routine with an augmented Krylov routine. A public domain MATLAB code ahbeigs has been developed and numerical experiments indicate that the code is competitive with other publicly available codes.
Influence of Sulfur Fertility on Wheat Yield Performance on Alluvial and Upland Soils

Abstract: In recent years, sulfur (S) deficiencies in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have become more common, particularly on coarse‐textured soils. In Study I, field experiments were conducted in 2001/2002 through 2003/2004 on Mississippi River alluvial soils (Experiment I) and an upland, loessial silt loam (Experiment II) to evaluate the influence of spring S rates of 0, 5.6, 11.2, and 22.4 kg ha−1 and a fall rate of 22.4 kg sulfate (SO4)‐S ha−1 on grain yield of three varieties. In Study II, field experiments were conducted in 2001/2002 and 2004/2005 on alluvial soils to evaluate the influence of spring S rates of 0, 5.6, 11.2, and 22.4 kg SO4‐S ha−1 in fields where S‐deficiency symptoms were present. Grain yield response to applied S occurred only on alluvial, coarse‐textured, very fine sandy loam soils (Study II) that had soil SO4‐S levels less than the critical level of 8 mg kg−1 and organic‐matter contents less than 1 g kg−1 in the 0‐ to 15‐, 15‐ to 30‐, and 30‐ to 45‐cm depths. Soil pH increa...
Reliability Research of Fiber-Access Devices Monitoring System on Fault Tree

The method of fault tree analysis is an important method for complex system reliability analysis of large scale. Fiber-access devices monitoring system is an important system of electric power communication transmission. Firstly it introduces the method of fault tree analysis, and then use the fault tree modeling technique for the fault tree to model refers to the fault of optical access equipment monitoring system, and carries on the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. It provides theoretical basis for system improvement and maintenancs.
Blood Pressure and Egg Formation

ABSTRACT THEORETICAL considerations suggest that blood pressure may influence the following characteristics of the egg. (1) Yolk weight. The membranous structure of the follicle indicates that filtration is involved in the transfer of material from the blood to the developing ovum (see review by Romanoff and Romanoff, Chap. 4). Since blood pressure can influence filtration rate (see reviews in Bard, pp. 37–39, 148 et seq.; Wiggers, p. 846), some relationship between blood pressure and the quantity of material transferred is possible. (2) Albumen weight and score. Although the glandular structure of the oviduct (Romanoff and Romanoff, Chap. 4) points strongly to active cellular mechanisms controlling protein deposition, the transfer of the 88% of the albumen which is water (Romanoff and Romanoff, p. 316) may well be influenced by physical forces, i.e., filtration and blood pressure. (3) Egg weight. Changes in yolk and albumen weight should be reflected in whole egg . . .
The effect of 22-oxacalcitriol on serum calcitriol.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) regulates its own levels in circulation by affecting its rates of synthesis and degradation, 22-Oxacalcitriol (OCT), a vitamin D analog with low calcemic activity, decreases circulating PTH levels, one of the regulators of renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase, and stimulates vitamin D degradation in vitro. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of OCT administration on serum levels of 1,25D. In normal rats, OCT administration (4-200 ng, ip, daily for 5 days) caused a dose-dependent reduction in serum calcitriol levels. At a dose of 200 ng, OCT reduced serum 1,25D from 34.5 +/- 2.7 to 10.9 +/- 0.7 pg/ml (P less than or equal to 0.01) without significant changes in ionized Ca or phosphorus levels. The contribution of the suppression of PTH by OCT to the reduction of serum 1,25D was examined by administering OCT to parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats. Two hundred nanograms of OCT, ip, daily for 5 days significantly reduced serum calcitriol from 29.7 +/- 7.6 to 9.1 +/- 0.5 pg/m...
Hematologic and Biochemical Reference Intervals for Mountain Goats (Oreamnos americanus): Effects of Capture Conditions

We evaluated 90th percentile reference intervals for hematologic and biochemical analytes from 45 mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) and determined the effects on these levels from sex, age, capture method, capture intensity, capture month, and region of the Washington Cascade Range. Mountain goats captured by helicopter darting had a lower percent neutrophils and higher percent lymphocytes than did those captured by darting from the ground. Helicopter darted mountain goats had higher levels of sodium, anion gap, osmolality, and hemolytic index and lower carbon dioxide than ground darted mountain goats. Pursuit intensity (distance and elevation gained) positively affected percent lymphocytes, and anion gap and negatively affected mean cell hemoglobin, percent neutrophils, and carbon dioxide. Alkaline phosphatase decreased with age. Hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, percent basophils, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio, and mag...
Broadband superfluorescent emission of the (3)H(4) ? (3)H(6) transition in a Tm-doped multicomponent silicate fiber.

We report the observation of amplified spontaneous emission in the 3H4 → 3H6 transition of Tm+3 in a Ta2O5-doped multicomponent silicate fiber. The evolutions of the spectral shape, output power, and center wavelength were measured as a function of fiber length and pump power in the previously unstudied high-power range, where saturation effects dominate. An output power of 1 mW has been achieved at 1.91 μm with a bandwidth of 77 nm.