cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Margin Practices in Oral Cavity Cancer Resections: Survey of American Head and Neck Society Members.

Objectives/hypothesis To investigate the definition of a clear margin and the use of frozen section (FS) among practicing head and neck surgeons in oral cancer management. Study design Cross-sectional survey. Methods We designed a survey that was sent to American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) members via an email link. Results A total of 185 (13% of 1,392) AHNS members completed our survey. Most surgeons surveyed (96.8%) use FS to supplement oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma resections. Fifty-five percent prefer a specimen-based approach. The majority of respondents believe FS is efficacious in guiding re-resection of positive margins, with 81% considering the new margin to be negative. More than half of respondents defined a distance of >5 mm on microscopic examination as a negative margin. Conclusions To avoid oral cancer resections that result in positive margins on final analysis, and thus the need for additional therapy, most surgeons surveyed use FS. A majority of surveyed surgeons now prefer a specimen-based approach to margin assessment. Although there is a debate on what constitutes a negative margin, most surgeons surveyed believe it to be >5 mm on microscopic examination. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 131:782-787, 2021.
Weed and Feed: Congregational Crabgrass and Liturgical Formation

It was Lawrence Hoffman who brought to my attention something particular I had taken for granted as universal through the ages. The twentieth century was a time of asking “what does it mean?” with ...
An efficient pulse detector and pulse width estimator for waveform characterization

In order to characterize transmissions from a specific radar system, a surveillance team must first detect and then characterize the received radar pulses. Hence, pulse detection and pulse width estimation represent two critical functions of the surveillance activity. We present three procedures for efficiently performing both pulse detection and pulse width estimation. The first procedure leverages an edge detector based on a Haar wavelet filter, the second exploits the ratio of leading and trailing moving averages, and the third incorporates a novel formulation of the ratio that simplifies calculation of the detection threshold. The design features of the algorithms that engender computational efficiency are outlined, and effective methods for determining detection thresholds are described. The techniques are compared and contrasted using measured data from the CCDC U.S Army Research Laboratory’s Advanced Electronic Warfare Lab. Favorable results are obtained for signal-to-noise ratios of approximately 1.7 and 3.0 dB.
Controlled Fabrication of Quality ZnO NWs/CNTs and ZnO NWs/Gr Heterostructures via Direct Two-Step CVD Method.

A novel and advanced approach of growing zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) directly on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene (Gr) surfaces has been demonstrated through the successful formation of 1D–1D and 1D–2D heterostructure interfaces. The direct two-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method was utilized to ensure high-quality materials’ synthesis and scalable production of different architectures. Iron-based universal compound molecular ink was used as a catalyst in both processes (a) to form a monolayer of horizontally defined networks of SWCNTs interfaced with vertically oriented ZnO NWs and (b) to grow densely packed ZnO NWs directly on a graphene surface. We show here that our universal compound molecular ink is efficient and selective in the direct synthesis of ZnO NWs/CNTs and ZnO NWs/Gr heterostructures. Heterostructures were also selectively patterned through different fabrication techniques and grown in predefined locations, demonstrating an ability to control materials’ placement and morphology. Several characterization tools were employed to interrogate the prepared heterostructures. ZnO NWs were shown to grow uniformly over the network of SWCNTs, and much denser packed vertically oriented ZnO NWs were produced on graphene thin films. Such heterostructures can be used widely in many potential applications, such as photocatalysts, supercapacitors, solar cells, piezoelectric or thermal actuators, as well as chemical or biological sensors.
A ruptured ectopic pregnancy in a patient with an intrauterine device: A case report

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are used worldwide. The 2 types that are used are the levonorgestrel IUD and a copper containing IUD. This is a case study of a 30-year-old female with a levonorgestrel IUD who was diagnosed with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy in the emergency department (ED). Point-of-care urine pregnancy test and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) were vital in making this diagnosis and should be utilized in patients assigned female at birth who present with abdominal pain.
Role of Membrane Dysfunction and Altered Calcium Homeostasis in the Pathogenesis of Irreversible Myocardial Injury

The initial consequences of impaired coronary blood flow in the ischemic myocardium are decreased oxygen-dependent energy metabolism, decreased high-energy phosphate content, acidosis, accumulation of lactate and other metabolites, K+ efflux, electromechanical uncoupling, and depressed myocardial function. A major issue is how the initial metabolic alterations, if they persist, lead to irreversible myocardial injury or necrosis. A large body of evidence supports the conclusions that progressive membrane damage, including damage to the sarcolemma and organellar membranes, is the essential factor in the conversion from reversible to irreversible injury in myocardial ischemia and related conditions, and that altered calcium homeostasis may have an important role in the pathogenesis of the membrane damage (Nayler, 1981).
New Dimensions of Telecommunications Competition

During the 1980’s Japan and the countries of Europe have all taken steps to reduce the extent of domination of the telecommunications service sector by the former monopoly provider. Many reasons can be put forward for this trend: a general swing in the political climate in favour of more decentralised management of the economy; technological developments which have made the range of services which can be provided by telecommunications systems wider; and the convergence of telecommunications with two other activities, namely computing and broadcasting, which have made it necessary to rethink certain regulatory boundaries. Trends such as these have caused practically all the countries of the industrialised world to reappraise the appropriate scope of the monopoly of the PTT within the telecommunications sector.
Flagellate Cryptobia branchialis (Bodonida: Kinetoplastida), ectoparasite of tilapia from the Salton Sea

An infestation of young tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus Peters, by the flagellate Cryptobia branchialiswas observed at the Salton Sea, California, in September, 1997. This is the first report of C. branchialis in a highly saline water-body (43 g l−1). Ultrastructure of C. branchialis as well as its effect on the gills of tilapia were studied using the scanning and transmission electron microscopy. No direct effect of C. branchialis on the epithelial cells of fish gills was observed. However, alterations of gill general structure, such as deposition of copious mucus on the gill surface, swelling of filaments, reduction of respiratory lamellae and their transformation into short club-shaped structures were found in infected fish. This suggests mortality of young tilapia may arise from decreased gill function in response to Cryptobia infestation.
Selection of Virtual Machines Based on Classification of MapReduce Jobs

The MapReduce Computing paradigm has become a very popular and useful tool since its introduction. Many large companies including Facebook, IBM, Yahoo, Twitter, and Google have found intuitive ways to incorporate MapReduce into their current needs and operations. A driving force of the growth in the popularity of MapReduce is the need for a system to handle and process large data. MapReduce is a distributed system, which can handle large quantities of data by adding more servers to a cluster. With large data sets only getting larger, there has been a need to increase the size of the currently running MapReduce clusters. This growth in the current clusters can lead to some problems. Often, newly added servers are not the same type of server used by a cluster. This is a problem because MapReduce and its open source implementation called Hadoop both assume that the servers in the cluster are all the same. Due to these issues, many researchers in the past have tried to focus on making the scheduling within MapReduce better for heterogeneous clusters. More recently, the idea of cloud computing has become popular. The idea is to run virtual machines within a cluster of servers. Since these machines are virtual, we can spin up as many identical machines as the project calls for. While this seems like a good fix to the heterogeneous MapReduce cluster problem, it leads itself to other issues that we will address. This paper will address a major issue in selecting virtual machines that maximize the speed of a MapReduce job.
San Francisco science exercise and teaching note

The exercise is a practical application in entrepreneurship emphasizing the entrepreneurial implications of social capital. Students are asked to outline the steps they would take to build a new company based on information found in the Jerry Sanders case (HBS Case: 9-489-021 and HBS Teaching Note: 5-400-008). Students are then asked to assume the role of key stakeholders relevant to San Francisco Science's viability and success. As they work through these stakeholder scenarios, information about the industry network is revealed. This creates a teaching opportunity concerning the importance to entrepreneurs of analyzing social networks and strategically managing relationships within them.
Mössbauer study of behavior of oriented single crystals of riebeckite at low temperatures and their magnetic properties

A series of powdered and oriented single crystals of riebeckite-arfvedsonite have been examined with the Mossbauer technique above and below the magnetic ordering temperatures. Using fitted spectra that result in essentially similar quadrupole pairs, site occupancies were determined for 5 samples. Fitted spectra of oriented single crystals are associated with inequal pairs. The quadrupole splitting and isomer shifts are indistinguishable from those of the powdered samples. For the purpose of determining site occupancy paramagnetic spectra at L.N. temperatures appear to have little advantage over those obtained at room temperatures. The use of cryogenics to obtain magnetic hyperfine splitting increases experimental times several fold; however we conclude that in most cases the additional information and greater accuracy of Fe+2/Fe+3 warrants the additional effort.
Multiple intracellular routes in the cross-presentation of a soluble protein by murine dendritic cells

Soluble heat shock fusion proteins (Hsfp) stimulate mice to produce CD8 + CTL, indicating that these proteins are cross-presented by dendritic cells (DC) to naive CD8 T cells. We report that cross-presentation of these proteins depends upon their binding to DC receptors, likely belonging to the scavenger receptor superfamily. Hsfp entered DC by receptor-mediated endocytosis that was either inhibitable by cytochalasin D or not inhibitable, depending upon aggregation state and time. Most endocytosed Hsfp was transported to lysosomes, but not the small cross-presented fraction that exited early from the endocytic pathway and required access to proteasomes and TAP. Naive CD8 T cell (2C and OT-I) responses to DC incubated with Hsfp at 1 μM were matched by incubating DC with cognate octapeptides at 1–10 pM, indicating that display of very few class I MHC-peptide complexes per DC can be sufficient for cross-presentation. With an Hsfp (heat shock protein-OVA) having peptide sequences for both CD4 + (OT-II) and CD8 + (OT-I) cells, the CD4 cells responded far more vigorously than the CD8 cells and many more class II MHC-peptide than class I MHC-peptide complexes were displayed.
The UVM virtual memory system

We introduce UVM, a new virtual memory system for the BSD kernel that has an improved design that increases system performance over the old Mach-based 4.4BSD VM system. In this paper we present an overview of both UVM and the BSD VM system. We focus our discussion on the design decisions made when creating UVM and contrast the UVM design with the less efficient BSD VM design. Topics covered include mapping, memory object management, anonymous memory and copy-on-write mechanisms, and pager design. We also present an overview of virtual memory based data movement mechanisms that have been introduced in BSD by UVM. We believe that the lessons we learned from designing and implementing UVM can be applied to other kernels and large software systems. Implemented in the NetBSD operating system, UVM will completely replace BSD VMin NetBSD 1.4.
The American style of development aid to Liberia

There is a growing corpus of literature on the critical issue of the various styles used by donors in giving development aid to recipient states in various parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. This article seeks to contribute to the body of literature by examining the nature and dynamics of the American style of development aid to Liberia and the resulting implications for the latterâ€™s social and economic development. Using the realpolitik model as its analytical framework, the article situates the American style of development aid giving within the broader context of Liberia-United States (US) relations. Based on this foundation, the article then interrogated the flows of US development aid to Liberia from 1946â€“2013. The findings indicate that the American style of aid giving is ostensibly designed to serve the economic, political, military and strategic interests of the US. In this vein, Liberia is required to serve as a foot soldier in the promotion of American national interests in the former and elsewhere. Accordingly, in terms of the implications for social and economic development, for the past six decades American development aid has not helped to advance the material conditions of Liberiaâ€™s subaltern classes. However, in order to change this situation, the US would need to rethink the realpolitik foundation of its development aid programme and the Liberian government would need to press for such a policy rethinking. However, both of these possibilities are highly unlikely, given the USâ€™ determination to prosecute its imperial project and its clientelist relationship with the Liberian government.
Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Brain Death

To the Editor: The case report on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in brain death by Lovblad and Bassetti1 in the February issue of Stroke may be appealing but deserves elaboration. The DWI studies in the case report shows widespread ischemia, and the MR angiography shows absence of flow in the intracranial portion of the carotid arteries. However, it is not stated in the report whether there was flow void in the extracranial carotid arteries. Its presence may have suggested a diagnosis of bilateral carotid artery occlusion (eg, due to dissection) resulting in bilateral hemispheric infarction as the cause for the patient’s coma. Additionally, the authors did not comment on whether there was flow in the basilar artery. This information may have been available to the authors but was not commented on in the text. However, much more disturbing is that this communication wrongly suggests that an imaging modality can diagnose brain death even when the clinical examination shows some remnant of brain stem reflexes. We are not certain what the authors meant by “The neurological examination after the MRI showed an intubated comatose patient who had deteriorated neurologically.”1 It is possible that the patient had met the criteria for brain death, but the authors did not provide details on clinical testing. Brain death is the irreversible loss of function of the brain and brain stem.2 3 The diagnosis of brain death in adults in the United States is not, as the authors stated, “usually supported by confirmatory tests.” The article quoted here did not propose that view.2 The guidelines proposed by the American Academy of Neurology stated that “… confirmatory test is not mandatory but desirable when specific components of the clinical testing cannot be reliably performed. …”3 Differences in recommendations for confirmatory tests after a …
Objectivity without objects: a Priorian program

The issues I explore in this paper are best introduced by the table with which it begins. The left-hand entry in each row gives expression to a kind objectivity; the right-hand entry affirms the existence of a special kind of object. When philosophers believe in any of the entities on the right, it is typically because they think them necessary to ground the facts on the left. By the same token, when philosophers deny any of the facts on the left, it is often because they cannot bring themselves to believe in the associated kind of object on the right. My project is to explore the extent to which it is possible to have the objectivity without the objects—for example, absolute motion without substantival space, objective predication without universals, objective synonymy without propositions, and objective modality without possible worlds. Each of these combinations would have been congenial to A.N. Prior.
Diet and physical activity counseling during ambulatory care visits in the United States

Background. Research is limited regarding national patterns of behavioral counseling during ambulatory care. We examined time trends and independent correlates of diet and physical activity counseling for American adults with an elevated cardiovascular risk during their outpatient visits. Methods. The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) provided 1992–2000 national estimates of counseling practices in private physician offices and hospital outpatient departments. Results. Rates of diet and physical activity counseling among visits by at-risk adults exhibited a modest ascending trend from 1992 to 2000, with the biggest growth found between 1996 and 1997. Throughout the 1990s, however, diet counseling was provided in <45% and physical activity counseling in ≤30% of visits by adults with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, or diabetes mellitus. Lower likelihood of either counseling was significantly associated with patients who were ≥75 years of age, seen by generalists, and those with fewer risk factors. Also, diet counseling was less frequently provided during visits by whites vs. ethnic minorities and by men vs. women. Conclusions. Despite available national guidelines, diet and physical activity counseling remain below expectations during outpatient visits by adults with an elevated cardiovascular risk. Given recent trends, immediate, satisfactory improvement is unlikely without future innovative interventions.
Neurospora circadian rhythms in space - A reexamination of the endogenous-exogenous question

To test the functioning of circadian rhythms removed from periodicities of the earth's 24-hour rotation, the conidiation rhythm of the fungus Neurospora crassa was monitored in constant darkness during spaceflight. The free-running period of the rhythm was the same in space as on the earth, but there was a marked reduction in the clarity of the rhythm, and apparent arrhythmicity in some tubes. At the current stage of analysis of our results there is insufficient evidence to determine whether the effect seen in space was related to removal from 24-hour periodicities and whether the circadian timekeeping mechanism, or merely its expression, was affected.
The hydrogen reduction of uranium tetrafluoride in molten fluoride solutions

Abstract The H2 reduction equilibrium of UF4 UF 4 (d)+ 1 2 H 2 (g)⥂ UF 3 (d)+ HF (g) has been measured in selected molten fluoride solutions from 500–800°C. Absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine UF3 and UF4 concentrations in equilibrium with a gas mixture containing HF in approx. 1 atm H2. By measuring all components as a function of temperature and melt composition, equilibrium quotient expressions for the reduction, log10 Q R = a − b T have been obtained where a = 3.771, 3.587, 3.133 and b = 8900, 8225 and 7296 for e the LiFBeF2 solutions of 66−34, 57−43 and 48−52 mole% compositions, respectively. For a LiFBeF2ThF4 (72-16-12 mole%) solution, log10 QR = 3.952–9183/T where Q is in atm 1 2 . By defining the standard state for each solute so that its activity coefficient is unity when it is present in very low concentration in LiFBeF2 (66−34 mole%), activity coefficient ratios, γ UF 4 γ UF 3 , for the other solvents have been calculated from the above expressions. These data have extended previous activity coefficients over wider temperature and solvent ranges.
“A paradise of my own creation”: Frankenstein and the improbable romance of polar exploration

(2003). “A paradise of my own creation”: Frankenstein and the improbable romance of polar exploration. Nineteenth-Century Contexts: Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 295-314.
Automated unsupervised multi‐parametric classification of adipose tissue depots in skeletal muscle

To introduce and validate an automated unsupervised multi-parametric method for segmentation of the subcutaneous fat and muscle regions to determine subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) areas based on data from a quantitative chemical shift-based water-fat separation approach.Unsupervised standard k-means clustering was used to define sets of similar features (k = 2) within the whole multi-modal image after the water-fat separation. The automated image processing chain was composed of three primary stages: tissue, muscle, and bone region segmentation. The algorithm was applied on calf and thigh datasets to compute SAT and IMAT areas and was compared with a manual segmentation.The IMAT area using the automatic segmentation had excellent agreement with the IMAT area using the manual segmentation for all the cases in the thigh (R(2): 0.96) and for cases with up to moderate IMAT area in the calf (R(2): 0.92). The group with the highest grade of muscle fat infiltration in the calf had the highest error in the inner SAT contour calculation.The proposed multi-parametric segmentation approach combined with quantitative water-fat imaging provides an accurate and reliable method for an automated calculation of the SAT and IMAT areas reducing considerably the total postprocessing time.
Explicit Guidance of Aeroassisted Orbital Transfer Using Matched Asymptotic Expansions

An explicit guidance of aeroassisted orbital transfer by using the method of matched asymptotic expansions is presented. The aeroassisted orbit transfer comprises three consecutive phases: a descending phase entering atmospherewithanegativee ightpathangle,atransatmospherice ighttodepleteitsexcessenergy,andanascending e ight targeting the desired apogee. Feedback control via lift modulation is used to guide the vehicle during the atmospheric e y-through, whereas a matched asymptotic solution for the exit trajectory is available to aim the apogee of the target orbit, thus determining the pull-up condition. The feedback control ensures the stability of a trajectory around the nominal trajectory by compensating for the nonlinear terms in the motion of the vehicle. When the method of matched asymptotic expansions is used, the control algorithms for the explicit guidance are derived and tested against the 1976 U.S. Standard Atmosphere. Simulation results indicate that the control algorithms can effectively control the trajectories in both the lower atmosphere and in the exit phase under the targeting dispersions of atmospheric variations.
Relationship of Fashion Awareness and Clothing Economic Practices

The Sproles Consumer Interest and Priorities questionnaire was administered to the 3,036 members of Home Economists in Business (HEIB) in order to test the hypotheses that the data would reveal: (1) significant correlations between fashion awareness and clothing economic practices, and (2) identifiable con sumer profiles, concerning economic attitudes and activities, applicable to in dividuals exhibiting either high or low fashion awareness. Positive correlations were observed between fashion awareness responses and the concepts that: (1) clothing quality is more important than price, (2) shopping for clothing is a plea surable activity, and (3) much time is devoted to shopping for clothing. Signifi cant differences were observed between persons exhibiting either high or low fashion awareness in the degree to which: (1) shopping for clothing was per ceived as a pleasurable activity, (2) time was devoted to shopping for clothing, (3) clothing was purchased on impulse, and (4) the monetary aspects of clothing were emphasized.
Angular magnetoresistance provides texture information on high-Tc conductors

Abstract Angular magnetoresistance measurements are performed by rotating a superconductor to an angle θ in a fixed magnetic field, while monitoring the resistance R . It is argued theoretically that for fields well above the lower critical field, H ⪢ H cl, the bulk resistivity of the conductor is independent of θ if the crystallites of which it is composed are randomly oriented. Non-random orientation (a key aspect of texture) is revealed, therefore, by variations of R with θ. Dips in R indicate that the field is parallel to the copper oxide planes in a significant fraction of the current-carrying crystallites. C -axis, a -axis, and other textured film conductors are used to illustrate the technique. The angular magnetoresistance is found to be an important supplement to conventional texture determinations by microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
Effect of Thin Y-O and Si-O Films on In-situ Formed CaO Coatings on V-4%Cr-4%Ti in Liquid 2.8 at.% Ca-Li *

We are developing electrically insulated coatings for the liquid-metal/structural-material interface of the breeder blanket for magnetic fusion reactors. Our earlier experimental studies indicated that sintered Y2O3 is compatible with liquid Li. In continuing studies, we have deposited thin (0.2 and 0.8 μm) yttrium films on V-4Cr-4Ti structural material by physical vapor deposition (PVD). Annealing the thin Y-metallic PVD film on O-charged V-4Cr-4Ti at 750°C for 17 h formed an oxide film by the solid-state reaction between O and Y. Both energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction indicated that the Y-metallic films converted to either YVO3 or Y8V2O17 after annealing. When these samples were exposed in 2.8 at.% Ca-Li at temperatures of 700°C for 99 h, a uniformly microstructured CaO layer was formed on the top of the Y-V oxides, but localized Y was not detected by cross-sectional EDS analysis. The addition of Si was found to minimize the V incorporation in the in-situ forming film.
Introduction to the Commentaries on Snyder v. Phelps: The Problems and Promises of Protecting Abhorrent Speech

(2012). Introduction to the Commentaries on Snyder v. Phelps: The Problems and Promises of Protecting Abhorrent Speech. Free Speech Yearbook: Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 1-2.
Intrarenal distribution of rabbit PKC zeta

Intrarenal distribution of rabbit PKC zeta. To elucidate roles of protein kinase C (PKC) ζ in rabbit kidney, PKC ζ was cloned from a rabbit kidney cortex cDNA library. Sequencing revealed a 2113 nt insert with an open reading frame encoding a protein of 591 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence is 93.7% identical with rat PKC ζ . In situ hybridization in rabbit kidney with a riboprobe generated from the cloned cDNA, showed PKC ζ mRNA is highly expressed in proximal tubule, thick limb, and collecting duct. No message was detected over glomerular cells. Immunohistochemical studies using a monoclonal antibody against PKC ζ confirmed this distribution with low expression in vascular elements and high expression in tubule epithelium. Confocal microscopy showed diffuse cytosolic immunoreactivity in confluent cultured cortical collecting ducts (CCDs). However, in subconfluent cells, immunoreactivity was restricted to the peri-nuclear area. This differential distribution of PKC ζ in the CCD suggests that PKC ζ action be involved in growth and differentiation of the collecting duct. In conclusion, PKC ζ is differentially expressed in the rabbit kidney with high expression in the tubule epithelium and little expression in vascular elements. These studies suggest an important role for PKC ζ along the nephron.
On entry of new firms in socialist economies: Evidence from Bulgaria

AN IMPORTANT PART of recent attempts at 'restructuring' in East European economies has been the desire of reformers to stimulate the entry of new firms (economic units), as well as more diverse forms of economic organisation. However, the role that the new firms are to play is not well defined. At a minimum, they are expected to help meet consumer demand, which has been notoriously neglected by the large state enterprises. More ambitious claims are that, combined with procedures for the exit of loss-making firms, they will create a competitive dynamic, spurring large state firms to greater efficiency or replacing them. To Westerners, policies to foster the entry of new firms often appear indicative of broader shifts in economic policy-away from centralised, state control of resource allocation and towards decentralised market allocation. Unfortunately, the partial nature of available data' in sometimes fast-changing situations makes it difficult to evaluate the real impact of new firm entry on the functioning of previously centrally planned economies or to draw any general conclusions about the relationship between the evolution of other reform policies and the potential of new firms to generate significant economic benefits. For example, Nuti (1989) describes and evaluates new laws designed to promote the expansion of a new cooperative sector in the USSR and McIntyre (1988a) provides an informative account of earlier proposals concerning new firms and their outcomes in Bulgaria. Most work perhaps has appeared for Hungary, with a host of studies, including Laky (1984), Revesz (1986) and Falus-Szikra (1985), examining diverse facets of the emergence of new firms.2 However, authors seldom attempt to evaluate the impact of the new sectors on the overall functioning of the economy.3 In this paper we attempt to present a total picture of entry in Bulgaria that is both more current and more complete than other accounts. In particular, whereas under previous reforms new 'firms' in Bulgaria in fact have been mainly relatively independent units within existing large state-owned enterprises, more recent measures provide for diverse forms of economic organisation. As a basis for this study we have assembled data culled from various official sources, both published
Persistence of an immunoreactive MUC1 protein at the feto–maternal interface throughout pregnancy in the mare

A polyclonal human mucin-1 (MUC1) antibody was used to stain immunohistochemically for the presence of MUC1 on the endometrium and fetal membranes in mares between 20 and 309 days of gestation. Western blot analysis demonstrated the presence of a protein equivalent in size to a human MUC1 isoform, MUC1/Y, in equine endometrium, allantochorion and amnion. At all stages of gestation examined immunoreactivity to the MUC1 antibody was detected on the apical surface of the lumenal epithelium of the endometrium and the epithelium lining the mouths and apical regions of the endometrial glands. Furthermore, it persisted unchanged on the surface of the lumenal epithelium lying beneath the highly-invasive chorionic girdle component of the trophoblast before, during and after development of the endometrial cups. The MUC1 immunoreactive protein was also present on the trophoblast and other components of the fetal membranes during the post-fixation, pre-attachment period of gestation (20-40 days) and it persisted on the apical surface of the non-invasive trophoblast of the allantochorion before, during and after attachment, microvillous interdigitation and development of the microcotyledonary epitheliochorial placenta. Hence, the delayed placentation response in mares appears to occur independently of the persistence of an immunoreactive MUC1 protein at the feto-maternal interface.
In situ experimental studies of Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) downstream from agricultural watersheds: Nutrient loading, foliar uptake, and growth

Recent studies in Conesus Lake, New York, documented significant decreases in the biomass of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) near the mouths of streams draining sub-watersheds where reductions in nutrient loading occurred as a result of the implementation of agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs). In situ experiments were conducted to further investigate the relationship between stream loading, foliar uptake, and growth of Eurasian watermilfoil. In two of three experiments, plants cropped to a height of approximately 50 cm had the lowest growth (g/m2) downstream from a sub-watershed where major BMPs had been implemented (80% and 0%). In sub-watersheds where minimal or no BMPs were introduced, plants showed significantly higher growth as biomass increased (216% and 22%). In a second set of experiments, shoots of Eurasian watermilfoil plants were incubated for 24 h in ambient lake water and in lake water with enriched concentrations of nitrate and soluble reactive phosphorus comparable to rain event stream effluent concentrations and then allowed to grow in situ for a 2-week experimental period. For all experiments combined, the shoot biomass increased significantly in the enhanced nutrient treatments when compared to the ambient treatment at the Sand Point macrophyte bed (reduced loading) but not at the Eagle Point macrophyte bed (high loading). Overall, the results indicate that foliar uptake of nutrients in stream effluent can contribute to the growth of Eurasian watermilfoil and reinforce the hypothesis that reductions in stream loading through agricultural BMPs can help reduce macrophyte growth in the lake littoral.
A membrane protein from IFN-β-treated Daudi cells causes a cessation in cell growth

Abstract An interferon-induced 17 kDa protein has been partially purified from the membranes of interferon-β-treated Daudi cells. A fraction containing the 17 kDa protein purified 200 fold causes an inhibition of growth of Daudi, Namalva and Hela cells. The same fraction purified from the membranes of untreated cells causes no inhibition of cell growth. This interferon-β-induced protein is located on the exterior of Daudi cells for it can be labeled with [ 125 I] iodine catalyzed by lactoperoxidase. These results suggest that interferons induce a cell surface protein whose role is to cause an inhibition of cell growth.
National Health Information Infrastructure: a primer for nurse researchers.

On July 21, 2004, at the National Health Information Infrastructure (NHII) Summit, Tommy Thompson, Secretary of Health and Human Resources, and David Brailer, National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, released a framework for strategic action toward the goal of delivery consumer-centric and information-rich health care (Thompson & Brailer, 2004). In this column, we describe the NHII and the strategic action framework within the context of nursing research and identify opportunities for nursing research.
Calcium-activated chloride channels anoctamin 1 and 2 promote murine uterine smooth muscle contractility

Objective To determine the presence of calcium activated chloride channels anoctamin 1 (ANO1) and 2 (ANO2) in human and murine uterine smooth muscle (MUSM) and evaluate the physiologic role for these ion channels in murine myometrial contractility. Study Design We performed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to determine whether ANO1 and 2 are expressed in human and murine uterine tissue to validate the study of this protein in mouse models. Immunohistochemical staining of ANO1 and 2 was then performed to determine protein expression in murine myometrial tissue. The function of ANO1 and 2 in murine uterine tissue was evaluated using electrophysiologic studies, organ bath, and calcium flux experiments. Results ANO1 and 2 are expressed in human and MUSM cells. Functional studies show that selective antagonism of these channels promotes relaxation of spontaneous MUSM contractions. Blockade of ANO1 and 2 inhibits both agonist-induced and spontaneous transient inward currents and abolishes G-protein coupled receptor (oxytocin) mediated elevations in intracellular calcium. Conclusion The calcium activated chloride channels ANO1 and 2 are present in human and murine myometrial tissue and may provide novel potential therapeutic targets to achieve effective tocolysis.
Las Comadres : Rendering Research as Performative:

As a method for placing Latina college students at the center of research, authors present a dramatic, or performative, text illuminating participants’ life stories. The dramatic text serves as a f...
An analysis of the differences between density‐of‐use ranking and raw‐use ranking of library journal use

Reports of journal titles ranked by use with space and cost information included for each title can provide a means for making certain objective journal collection development decisions. Each title can be assessed in relation to the others and the data for all titles can be cumulated so that decisions can be made at various cutoff points. Simple ranking of titles by raw use (RUR) may be inadequate and should be adjusted by some measure to allow for how much of the title is available to the user at the time of the collection of the use data. If the raw-use frequency of a title is divided by the actual linear shelf space of the title's file, a “density-of-use” frequency is obtained. If these frequencies are then ranked, a “density-of-use rank” (DUR) is formed. Some differences between RUR and DUR have been analyzed. Some evaluation of the quality of the differences has been made. There were significant changes in title ranking above random chance when an RUR was adjusted to become a DUR. At 80% of the total use of the entire collection, the number of titles in the DUR increased almost twofold over those in the RUR. Furthermore, less linear shelf space was used and the cost increase was not great. The number of potential unsatisfied title uses at two different cutoff levels in the rankings was less in the DUR.
Peripheral inflammation is associated with increased dynorphin immunoreactivity in both projection and local circuit neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat lumbar spinal cord.

Abstract The present study combined the retrograde transport of fluorescent tracers with the immunocytochemical identification of dynorphin A(1–8) in superficial dorsal horn neurons to examine whether peripheral inflammation-induced dynorphin increases are found in local circuit neurons only or also in neurons projecting at least to the caudal mesencephalon. Evidence is presented that complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation produces a large increase in the number of lamina I dynorphin-containing projection and non-projection neurons, and in the number of lamina II dynorphin local circuit neurons.
Adolescents with chronic disease and use of technology for receipt of information regarding health and disease management

Adolescents with chronic disease (ACD) use Internet resources from both vetted and non-vetted sources to make medical decisions. Technology offers much promise in engaging ACD regarding disease management-related behaviors and health decisions but further study and guidance is needed. With widespread use of the Internet, there are concerns regarding how ACD users may access Internet information about health and how such technology use may affect the patient-physician relationship. This study provides empirical evidence about ACD use of technology-sourced health information for medical decision-making and on the relationship between technology use and patient-physician relationships. Empirical data regarding health and technology were collected from ACD using self-report surveys. Participants were asked to evaluate a new drug/device for treatment of their disease with access to Internet resources and their Internet use was evaluated. Fifty-eight ACD participated and reported accessing the Internet 7 days (median) per week, with 67 % reporting access to social networking sites. Eighty-three percent ACD accessed both vetted and non-vetted Internet sources when seeking information to decide whether to use a new medication/device. Eighty-two percent of ACD indicated that they would use Facebook to receive information about disease management. Females and adult ACD were more likely than counterparts to express willingness to discuss personal health experiences and disease-related information on Facebook. Patient-physician relationships did not appear to be related to technology use.
Carboxyl functionalization of ultrasmall luminescent silicon nanoparticles through thermal hydrosilylation

Functionalization of ultrasmall semiconductor nanoparticles to develop new luminescent probes that are optically bright, stable in aqueous environments, and sized comparably to small organic fluorophores would be of considerable utility for myriad applications in biology. Here, we report one of the first examples of thermal hydrosilylation between a bi-functional alkene and ultrasmall (∼1 nm) H-passivated silicon nanoparticles (Si-np-H) to prepare strongly luminescent, water stable, carboxyl functionalized nanoparticles (Si-np-COOH). Nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and photoluminescence spectroscopy are used to characterize the Si-np dispersions. Based on the SEC and FTIR data, a reaction scheme is proposed to account for side products formed through a free radical cross-linking mechanism. The Si-np-COOH may find use in applications such as biomolecular labeling and biological imaging.
Minimizing Power Transmission Losses by Reactive-Volt-Ampere Control

Power transmission load flow studies are generally based on the assignment for each bus of either voltage or reactive volt-amperes. Reduced system loss may be obtained by more critical voltage adjustment. For each variable voltage bus an optimum voltage is found which gives minimum loss in the neighborhood of the bus. An iterative procedure with a damping factor appropriate to the system is used in the final determination. Trial computations show significant savings.
Neonatal diagnosis of orotic aciduria: An experience with one family

2. Ulick S: Diagnosis and nomenclature of disorders of the terminal portion of the aldosterone biosynthetic pathway. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 43:92, 1976. 3. Royer P, Lestradet H, deMenibus CH, Vermeil G: Hypoaldosteronisme familial chronique ~. debut neo-natal. Ann Pediatr (Paris) 8:133, 1961. 4. Visser HKA, Cost WS: A new hereditary defect in the biosynthesis of aldosterone: Urinary C2~-corticosteroid pattern in three related patients with a salt-losing syndrome, suggesting an 18-oxidation defect. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 47:589, 1964. 5. David R, Golan S, Drucker W: Familial aldosterone deficiency: Enzyme defect, diagnosis, and clinical course. Pediatrics 41:403, 1968. 6. R6sler A, Rabinowitz D, Theodor R, Ramirez LD, Ulick S: The nature of the defect in a salt-wasting disorder of Jews of Iran: J Clin Endocrinol Metab 44:279, 1977. 7. Veldhuis JD, Kulin HE, Santen R J, Wilson TE, Melby JC: Inborn error in the terminal step of aldosterone biosynthesis: Corticosterone methyloxidase type II deficiency in a North American pedigree. N Engl J Med 303:117, 1980. 8. Kowarski A, Katz H, Migeon C J: Plasma aldosterone concentration in normal subjects from infancy to adulthood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 38:489, 1974. 9. Siegler RL, Crouch RH, Hackett TN Jr, Walker M, Jubiz W: Potassium-renin-aldosterone relationships during the first year of life. J PEDIATR 91:52, 1977. 10. Pratt JH, Holbrook MM, Dale SL, Melby JC: The measurement of urinary tetrahydroaldosterone by radioimmunoassay. J Steroid Biochem 8:677, 1977. 11. Mattox VR, Nelson AN: Determination of urinary tetrahydroaldosterone glucosiduronic acid by radioimmunoassay. J Steroid Biochem 14:243, 1980. 12. Zurbriigg RP: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In Gardner LI, editor: Endocrine and genetic diseases of childhood and adolescence, ed 2. Philadelphia, 1975, WB Saunders, p 476.
Quid-pro-quo exchanges of outside director defined benefit pension plans for equity-based compensation

The independence of outside directors is critical to corporate board effectiveness. We examine a unique period in corporate governance when outside directors' defined benefit pensions are replaced with increases in equity. Firms with pension plans significantly underperform their industry in terms of stock returns. Firms terminating the pension plans in exchange for equity have significant increases in stock returns relative to their industry subsequent to the change. All samples outperform the ROA and ROE industry medians both before and after the change in compensation, indicating pressure from organized investors likely comes from stock performance, not accounting performance. Investor rights pressure and outside director com- pensation and not takeover risk or institutional ownership best explain firms altering outside director compensation, with board of director effectiveness improving.
Physical Modeling of Wind Instruments

A major theme of musical acoustics has been to understand, through physical models of self-sustained oscillation, how wind instruments function. The first significant advance in scientific understanding was associated with Helmholtz, who identified how wind instruments produce tones as a relevant scientific problem. Yet, by this time, the orchestral string and wind instruments had, with few exceptions, already congealed into their modem forms. Adaptation ceased. The revolution in design of Western musical instruments between the late 18th and 19th centuries occurred essentially without the benefit of a mature science of acoustics.
Effect of flow partition on wall shear in a cast of a human coronary artery

The effect of flow partition on wall shear was determined in a cast of a human coronary artery. A laser Doppler anemometer was used to measure the time varying velocities at selected sites close to the walls of the cast. Shear rates were derived by dividing the measured velocities at each site by the perpendicular distance from measurement site to the wall. At the bifurcation of the left main coronary artery into its anterior descending and circumflex branches the shear at sites near the outer walls of the two branches was more strongly affected by the flow partition than at sites on the flow divider and near the walls of the left main coronary artery.
Genetically engineered T cells to target EGFRvIII expressing glioblastoma

Glioblastoma remains a significant therapeutic challenge, warranting further investigation of novel therapies. We describe an immunotherapeutic strategy to treat glioblastoma based on adoptive transfer of genetically modified T-lymphocytes (T cells) redirected to kill EGFRvIII expressing gliomas. We constructed a chimeric immune receptor (CIR) specific to EGFRvIII, (MR1-ζ). After in vitro selection and expansion, MR1-ζ genetically modified primary human T-cells specifically recognized EGFRvIII-positive tumor cells as demonstrated by IFN-γ secretion and efficient tumor lysis compared to control CIRs defective in EGFRvIII binding (MRB-ζ) or signaling (MR1-delζ). MR1-ζ expressing T cells also inhibited EGFRvIII-positive tumor growth in vivo in a xenografted mouse model. Successful targeting of EGFRvIII-positive tumors via adoptive transfer of genetically modified T cells may represent a new immunotherapy strategy with great potential for clinical applications.