cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monks, Monarchs and Materialists

The work by Willem B. Bollee presents a critical edition and richly annotated English translation (pp. 15-221) of 'The Story of Paesi' (Pkt.: Paesi-kahanayam, Skt.: Pradesi-katkanaka), which forms the kernel of the Jaina canonical book of 'King's questions' (Pkt.: Rayapaseniya, Skt.: RâjaprasnTl, RP), §§ 667[47] 817[84]). A version of an ancient philosophical dialogue between a materialist governor and a philosophically inclined monk is here preserved in the Ardha-magadhI Prakrit. The edition is supplemented with a 'Glossary of selected words' (223-305), 'Index rerum' (pp. 307-316), list of quotations (p. 317); an 'Appendix' contains a relevant extract of Haribhadra's Samarâicca-kahâ 164, 18 ff. The title of the second supplementary book of the Jaina Canon (Pkt.: uvanga, Skt.: upâiiga), from which the philosophical dialogue stems, is in itself problematic and has several variants (Pkt.: Rayapaseniya / Râyapasanaiayam i Rayapasenaijja / Râyappasenaiyya / Râyappase naijja / Râyapasenijja / Râyapaseni; sanskritised: Râjaprasrii j Râjapra sniya / Râjaprasiya-sutra). Accordingly, the understanding of the title meaning can vary, e.g. Rayapasenaijja (derived from the causative form) would mean: 'what has been prompted by king's question' (i.e. 'Replies to royal questions'), or Râyapasenijja—'the contents of the king's questions'. One of the sanskritisations, Râjaprasrii, would imply: 'A book of king's questions' (from râjaprasnâh). It has been suggested by Leumann (1883:2), Leumann (1885:536) and Bollee (p. 9) that the title may reflect the king Paesi's name: the early Pkt. title may thus have been Râyapastiiya (Skt.: Râjaprasniya), transformed into Rayapaseniya in later Prakrit; thus, the title was subsequently con taminated under the influence of the popular Buddhist Pâli legend of the king Pasenadi (Pkt.: Pasenai, Skt.: Prasenajit), whose vassal was Payasi (vide infra). However, it seems that that °pasiniya of the title may
Energy level density of nuclei

Abstract We consider the calculation of the nuclear level density parameter a = 1 6 π 2 g s (ϵ F ) , where gs(ϵ) is the smoothed single-particle level density and ϵF is the Fermi energy. We present an exact (quantum mechanical) calculation of gs(ϵ) for bound and continuum states using a Green function approach with Strutinski smoothing. The accuracy and applicability of semiclassical approximations, such as the Thomas-Fermi (TF), TF+ħ2 correction and the local density approximation (LDA) are investigated using finite and infinite single-particle potential wells with sharp or smooth surfaces.
On Viscoelasticity and Standing Waves in Tires

Abstract Based on the classical ring on foundation model for the tire, the effect which structural damping has on the development of the standing wave phenomenon is investigated. In particular, the model employed consists of a rotating ring on foundation where, in addition to including Coriolis effects, Kelvin‐Voigt‐type viscoelasticity is admitted in both the ring and foundation. Enforcing strict periodicity in space and time, the exact solution is obtained to the stated problem. Several parametric numerical experiments employing this solution are reported. These demonstrate that the standing wave phenomenon in tires is essentially a viscoelastic‐type resonance response.
No associative biases in the first name cued recall procedure for eliciting personal networks

Abstract One thousand five hundred twenty-five respondents from a representative sample of adult residents of the state of Florida (USA) participated in a telephone survey on personal networks (McCarty et al., 1995). McCarty et al. (1995) elicited samples of alters from respondents' personal network with a first name cued recall interview procedure. This paper reports an assessment of associative biases involved with this technique in a further evaluation of the representativeness of the alter samples elicited with this method. Associative biases would be present if successively recalled alters are more likely to know each other or belong to the same social context (e.g., work, family, school) than alters not recalled successively. Such biases, if present, could influence the characteristics, and thus the representativeness, of the set of alters elicited, such as the density of ties. Analyses indicate that there are no associative biases in the first name cued recall procedure. Future research should investigate the possibility of associative biases in other methods for eliciting personal networks.
Chloroacetylenes as Michael acceptors. I. mechanism of enolate dichlorovinylation.

Abstract The condensation of certain enolates with trichloroethylene to yield α-dichlorovinyl ketones has been shown to proceed by way dichloroacetylene as an obligatory intermediate.
The Incorporation and Fate of [35S]-Sulfate in the Jelly Coat of Xenopus laevis Eggs

[“SI-sulfate injected into ovulating Xeno pus laevi.s was incorporated into eggs and egg jelly coats. The extent of [“SI incorporation was dependent on the dose administered and time the eggs were ovulated after injection. The radioactivity was incorporated predominately into the innermost jelly coat layer J1; J1 contained the majority if not all of the sulfate in the jelly coat as determined by chemical analysis for sulfate. The [“SI incorporated was chemically in the form of sulfate esters as determined by chromatography of acid hydrolysates. Hydrolysis rates the [“SI-sulfate from the jelly coat macromolecules and the infrared absorption spectra of jelly suggested that sulfate was present as sugar ester of a secondary axial hydroxyl group, most likely on the C4 position of Gal, Ga1NAc, or Fuc residues. The sulfated jelly coat macromolecules were not incorporated into the egg during its passage through the oviduct nor into the embryo during development up to the hatching stage.
Importance of second-order statistics for predicting target detectability

Target detection models are an important means of evaluating military systems and tactics. The models currently in use within the United States rely solely on first-order statistical measures of targets and backgrounds. Using a series of computer-generated images, this paper demonstrates that such measures ignore perceptually important information having a significant impact on detection of targets by personnel using unaided eyes, direct view optics, or electro-optical devices. Second-order statistical measures are proposed as a means of improving model performance. The paper provides a brief synopsis of current research tying second-order statistical measures to target detection models.
Influence of carotid and aortic baroreceptors on neurosecretory neurons in supraoptic nuclei.

Abstract (1) The effects of arterial baroreceptor stimulation on the activity of ‘identified’ neurosecretory cells in supraoptic nuclei (SON) of the hypothalamus were investigated in anesthetized cats. (2) Stimulation of baroreceptors by distension of an ‘isolated’ carotid sinus greatly inhibited SON activity. A linear relationship was found to exist between stimulus intensity (an increase in the sinus pressure) and the degree of inhibition of SON neuron activity. This inhibitory effect was abolished by section of the sinus nerve. (3) The inhibitory effect of baroreceptors on SON neuron activity was most pronounced in the first 5 sec during stimulation, and the effect became less when the stimulus lasted for a long period. At the end of stimulation there was a transient reversal of the response. (4) The excitation of aortic baroreceptors by occluding descending aorta strongly inhibited SON neuron activity. (5) Occlusion of carotid arteries augmented the SON neuron activity. Electrical stimulation of the sinus nerve caused an excitation or an inhibition of SON neurons, depending on the stimulus intensities. Apparently these stimuli produced different degrees of excitation in baro- and chemoreceptors. (6) Combination of chemo- and baroreceptor stimulations revealed that the excitatory effect exerted by chemoreceptor stimulation on SON neurons was reversed or blocked by baroreceptor activation, indicating the powerful inhibitory influence of baroreceptors.
Communication concerns of college undergraduates in basic speech communication courses

This study was an investigation of the communication concerns of undergraduate students in two basic speech communication courses, public speaking and interpersonal communication. It was discovered that such students do have concerns which fit the framework of concern for self, task, and impact. While only limited support was found for a developmental sequence in these concerns over one academic quarter, there were significant differences among the common categories, and particularly between students in basic interpersonal and public speaking courses.
How Course Portfolios Can Advance the Scholarship and Practice of Management Teaching

The authors believe the development, peer review, and sharing of course portfolios can significantly improve the scholarship and teaching of management. To make this case, they provide background information about course portfolios, including origins, defining features, purposes, and potential benefits. They then identify actual portfolio projects and resources that are currently publicly available, including an Organizational Behavior course portfolio they developed. They conclude with recommendations for further action by business schools, individual faculty members, and professional organizations such as the Organizational Behavior Teaching Society and the Academy of Management.
An examination of the relationship between drinking status after treatment and the self-evaluation of the alcoholic

Abstract A repeated measures design examined the relationship between post-treatment drinking status and the alcoholics' evaluation of themselves when sober and when drinking. The self-evaluation ratings of 78 alcoholics in a residential psychotherapeutic treatment program were measured at intake (time 1), and at follow-up, three to six months after treatment (time 2). Four hypotheses were tested which posited: (1) sober self-ratings would be higher at follow-up than at intake; (2) drinking self-ratings would be lower at follow-up than at intake; (3) sober/drinking differences would be greater at follow-up than at intake; and (4) the nondrinkers would evidence more significant differences (in the above) than the drinkers. The t -test yielded a marginally significant sober rating ( t (46) = − 1.93, p = 0.03). There was a significant time by sober/drinking interaction ( F (1,44) = 5.57, p = 0.03), but there was no significant group effect. The first three hypotheses were accepted, the fourth was rejected.
Facial trigeminal synkinesis associated with a trigeminal schwannoma.

Article abstract The authors describe the clinical and electrophysiologic findings in a patient with synkinesis between muscles innervated by the facial and trigeminal nerves after resection of a trigeminal schwannoma. Conventional facial nerve conduction and blink reflex studies were normal. Stimulation of the supraorbital and facial nerves elicited reproducible responses in the masseter and pterygoid muscles, confirming a peripheral site of aberrant regeneration of the facial and trigeminal nerves.
Laminar boundary layer flow and heat transfer past a flat plate for a liquid of variable viscosity

A solution for the problem of incompressible laminar boundary-layer flow and heat transfer with variable viscosity is presented. Because of the variation of viscosity with temperature the velocity and temperature fields interact mutually. This necessitates the simultaneous solution of the momentum and energy equations. The analysis is carried out for the case where heating begins at the leading edge of the plate. The results show the effect of the important variable property parameters on the friction factor and the heat transfer coefficient. These parameters are seen to be the temperature dlfference between wall and free stream, the viscosity temperature variation law, and the Prandtl number at the wall. The results are applicable to liquids. (auth)
Electrophoretic separation of forms of rat growth hormone with different bioassay and radioimmunoassay activities: comparison of intraglandular and secreted forms

Abstract Rat adenohypophysial tissue and medium in which pituitary explants had been incubated were processed by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis (pH 9.5). Eluates of 6 regions of the gel columns were tested for growth hormone (GH) by a bioassay (BA; rat tibia test) and a radioimmunoassay (RIA). In the tissue, both assays detected most of the GH (80–99%) in segments with an R f range of 0.30–0.56. In the medium, both assays recorded a more cathodal distribution of most of the hormone (85–96%) in the R f region 0.00–0.42. The BA/RIA ratios of the segment containing the prominent stainable GH band (R f range 0.30–0.42) varied from 0.6–1.8 in tissue and medium. The tissue contained slow migrating (R f range 0–0.29) GH that had a high BA/RIA ratio (11.1–25.7). The medium contained high ratio GH (32.7–33.8) in a more anodal location (R f 0.57–0.68). Purified rat prolactin (RP-I) was not active in either the BA or the RIA. The results indicate that rat GH exists in electrophoretically heterogeneous forms which differ in their BA/RIA activity ratios. The proportion of these forms stored in adenohypophysial tissue and secreted by the gland may differ.
Effects of hypothalamic lesions on the secretion and storage of hypophysial luteinizing hormone.

Hypothalamic lesions in the median eminence of the tuber cincrcum produced a syndrome of constant vaginal diestrus (CD), accompanied by atrophic ovaries and uteri and a significant decrease in weight of the pars distalis. The ovaries of these rats were characterized by failure of follicular development and the persistence of large corpora lutea. Lesions in the rostral hypothalamus, on the other hand, produced a syndrome of constant vaginal estrus (CE), accompanied by atrophic ovaries, and enlargement of uteri and pars distalis. The ovaries of these rats were filled with large follicles, and there was a scarcity of corpora lutea or their remnants. Using the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method, LH was measured in plasma and pars distalis before and after ovariectomy in normal rats and those with hypothalamic lesions. No detectable LH was found in plasma from normal rats, but detectable quantities of the hormone were found one to 16-weeks postovariectomy. Hypothalamic lesions producing CD or CE prevented ...
Development of Doxycycline MIC and Disk Diffusion Interpretive Breakpoints and Revision of Tetracycline Breakpoints for Streptococcus pneumoniae

A study was performed to derive susceptibility testing interpretive breakpoints for doxycycline with Streptococcus pneumoniae and to reassess breakpoints for tetracycline using the requirements defined in Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document M23-A3. Tetracycline and doxycycline MICs and disk diffusion zone sizes were determined on 189 isolates selected from the 2009-2010 CDC Active Bacterial Core surveillance strain collection according to the testing methods described in CLSI documents M07-A8 and M02-A10. Tetracycline and doxycycline MICs and zones were compared to each other directly, and the reproducibility of MICs and zone diameters for both drugs was determined. Scattergrams of tetracycline MICs versus corresponding zone diameters and doxycycline MICs versus zones were prepared, and analysis indicated that the present CLSI tetracycline MIC and disk breakpoints did not fit the susceptibility data for doxycycline. Doxycycline was 1 to 3 dilutions more potent than tetracycline, especially in strains harboring the tetM resistance determinant. tetM was detected in ≥ 90% of isolates having tetracycline MICs of ≥ 4 μg/ml and in ≥ 90% with doxycycline MICs of ≥ 1. Limited pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data coupled with application of the error-rate bounded method of analysis suggested doxycycline-susceptible breakpoints of either ≤ 0.25 μg/ml or ≤ 0.5 μg/ml, with intermediate and resistant breakpoints 1 and 2 dilutions higher, respectively. The disk diffusion zone diameter correlates were susceptible at ≥ 28 mm, intermediate at 25 to 27 mm, and resistant at ≤ 24 mm. Revised lower tetracycline MIC breakpoints were suggested as susceptible at ≤ 1 μg/ml, intermediate at 2 μg/ml, and resistant at ≥ 4 μg/ml. Suggested tetracycline disk diffusion zones were identical to those of doxycycline.
Examination of the factors that influence the technological adoption intentions of tomorrow's new media producers

In a world awash with digital media, employers in mass communication professions are increasingly searching for and hiring employees with both traditional and new media production skills. As such, post-secondary institutions have, en masse, begun to incorporate instruction on multimedia production into their curricula. Despite this widespread integration of new media into coursework, administrators, instructors, and students are still searching for best practices as they relate to efficient and effective delivery of instruction. In light of such needs, this study used the technological acceptance model and structural equation modeling to explore, on a longitudinal basis, the psychological factors that influence mass communication students' adoption of new media production technologies. Our results demonstrated that subjective, normative influences play an increasingly powerful role in student adoption decisions over time. Furthermore, the data indicated that usefulness perceptions were the strongest predictor of student decisions to adopt new media production technologies. Technological adoption intentions of college students were examined longitudinally.Results indicated social influence plays an increasingly strong role of the adoption process.Utilitarian factors accounted for the bulk of the explained variance in adoption intentions.Hypothesized model accounted for 42% and 58% (respectively) of variance in adoption intentions.
Age-related disease penetrance in a large medullary thyroid cancer family with a codon 609 RET gene mutation

Background: Familial medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a form of type 2 multiple endocrine neoplasia in which individuals develop MTC as the sole phenotypic manifestation of their disease. A previous study has suggested that patients with familial MTC may have a later age of onset (and more indolent course) of MTC than is observed in individuals with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. Methods and Results: The age-related penetrance of MTC, C-cell hyperplasia, and a positive pentagastrin test for carriers of a codon 609 mutation of the RET gene in a large MTC family was determined. Pentagastrin testing and surgical pathology findings for patients who had thyroidectomies were correlated with RET sequence analysis findings. The penetrance of this mutation for the development of MTC was 0% at age 20, 10% at age 30, 50% at age 45, and approximately 100% at age 60. The ages of onset of C-cell hyperplasia and a positive pentagastrin stimulation test were similar, and both preceded the age of onset of MTC. Carriers of the mutated gene in this family had a later age of onset of disease than has been reported for families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and 2B syndromes. Conclusions: These results may have implications for the clinical management of MTC families with a 609 mutation.
Identification of Eimeria bovis merozoite cDNAs using differential mRNA display

Differences in gene expression between Eimeria bovis sporozoites and first-generation merozoites were analyzed using the technique of differential mRNA display. Approx. 5% of the sequences detected in first-generation merozoites appear to be unique relative to sporozoites. Several of the bands corresponding to merozoite-specific gene expression were isolated and cloned. Northern blot analysis revealed that the cDNA fragments DMZ-7, DMZ-8 and NMZ-6 hybridized to mRNAs expressed at > 50-fold higher levels in merozoites relative to sporozoites. A fourth cDNA fragment, NMZ-4, hybridized to a mRNA expressed at 3-fold higher levels in merozoites. Further characterization demonstrated that expression of DMZ-8 in E. bovis-infected bovine cells begins as early as 12 h after sporozoite invasion and continues throughout the entire 14 days of first-generation schizogony. Sequence analysis of each of the four merozoite cDNAs failed to identify any significant similarity to any entries in the GenBank database, suggesting that these developmentally regulated genes may be unique to coccidian parasites.
Heterogeneity of immunoreactive prolactin in the rat brain.

Abstract Three immunoreactive prolactin proteins (24Kd, 16Kd, and 12Kd) were identified in the rat brain using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and western blot analyses. In male and female brains, the primary prolactin protein has a molecular weight of 24Kd which is similar to that of pituitary prolactin. Two additional proteins with apparent molecular weights of 16Kd and 12Kd were also identified and were found in greater concentrations in the brain than in the pituitary, and were more predominant in the female brain. In addition, brain extracts proteolytically modify the 24K dalton PRL resulting in the formation of two fragments with apparent molecular weights of 16 and 8Kd. These data indicate that the prolactin identified in the rat brain is similar to pituitary prolactin, and suggests, that like other PRL target tissues the brain may have the capacity to proteolytically modify prolactin.
Functional recovery following nerve injury and repair by silicon tubulization: comparison of laminin-fibronectin, dialyzed plasma, collagen gel, and phosphate buffered solution.

Abstract Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the potential for enhancement of peripheral nerve regeneration by the manipulation of the neural microenvironment with laminin-fibronectin solution (LF), dialyzed plasma (DP), collagen gel (CG), or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) in a silicon tubulization repair model. Method: A rat sciatic nerve model of injury and repair was used to study the effects of exogenous matrix precursors (contained in LF or DP), CG or PBS on nerve regeneration. A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left sciatic nerve transection and repair by silicon tubulization. The silicon tubules were either left empty (E), or filled with solutions of LF, DP, CG, or PBS. Nerve function was assessed preoperatively and then postoperatively, every 10 days for 90 days using sciatic functional indexes (SFI). On postoperative day 90, the sciatic nerves were harvested for histologic analysis and the posterior compartment muscles of each animal were harvested and weighed. Molecular analysis for two proteins associated with neural regeneration was performed on the nerve segments. Results: All five animal groups demonstrated equivalent functional recovery. Comparison of the rate of recovery and mean maximal recovery between each group revealed no statistically significant differences, with P-values ranging from 0.30 to 0.95. Posterior compartment muscle masses were similar in all groups except for LF, whose animals had muscle masses 8–9% lower than CG, PBS, or E (P
Are we seeing the beginnings of Inflation

Phantom cosmology provides a unique opportunity to ``connect'' the phantom-driven (low energy meV scale) dark energy phase to the (high energy grand unified theory scale) inflationary era. This is possible because the energy density increases in phantom cosmology. We present a concrete model where the energy density, but not the scale factor, cycles through phases of standard radiation/matter domination followed by dark energy/inflationary phases, and the pattern repeating itself. An interesting feature of the model is that once we include interactions between the ``phantom fluid'' and ordinary matter, the big-rip singularity is avoided with the phantom phase naturally giving way to a near exponential inflationary expansion.
Zn(2+)-dependent misfolding of the p53 DNA binding domain.

The DNA binding domain (DBD) of p53 folds by a complex mechanism that involves parallel pathways and multiple intermediates, both on- and off-pathway. This heterogeneity renders DBD particularly susceptible to misfolding and aggregation. The origins of parallel folding mechanisms are not well understood. DBD folding heterogeneity may be caused by the presence of the single bound Zn 2+ . To test that hypothesis, we carried out kinetic folding studies of DBD in its Zn 2+ -free form (apoDBD) and in the presence of various concentrations of free Zn 2+ and the Zn 2+ -nitrilotriacetate (NTA) complex. Folding kinetics of apoDBD and DBD are similar, although apoDBD folds faster than DBD at some urea concentrations. The principle consequence of Zn 2+ removal is to accelerate unfolding and simplify it from two exponential phases to one. Metal binding interactions are therefore not responsible for the observed complexity of the folding reaction. A slight stoichiometric excess of free Zn 2+ arrests folding and traps the protein in a misfolded state in which Zn 2+ is bound to nonphysiological ligands. Folding can be rescued by providing metal ions in the form of the NTA-Zn 2+ complex, which simultaneously protects against misligation and provides a source of Zn 2+ for regenerating the functional protein. This chemical metallochaperone strategy may be an effective means for improving folding efficiency of other metal binding proteins. The findings suggest that, in vivo, DBD must fold in an environment where free Zn 2+ concentration is low and its bioavailability is carefully regulated by cellular metallochaperones.
FAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF NEUTRAL CORONENE, OVALENE, AND DICORONYLENE

Here we report the first far-IR (FIR) matrix-isolated spectra of the neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules coronene, ovalene, and dicoronylene. The experimental spectra covered the 650-100 cm–1 (15.385-100 μm) range and the theoretical spectra covered the 650-10 cm–1 (15.385-1000 μm) range. The experimentally measured values are in excellent agreement with theoretical values. The fundamental differences between the skeletal or drumhead modes of the FIR and the group vibrational modes of the mid-IR are discussed and detailed descriptions of the FIR vibrational modes are given.
Variational finite element-tensor formulation for the large deflection random vibration of composite plates

A numerical integration routine is derived from a set of unified single step integration algorithms using a weighted satisfaction of the equilibrium equation governing the large deflection random response of laminated composite plates. The equilibrium equation is derived using a constant matrix large deflection finite-element formulation. In-plane inertia terms are considered in the formulation, however, rotary inertia terms are assumed negligible. Probability density, spectral density and autocorrelation functions of the maximum displacement and strain responses are presented for three acoustic excitation levels. Classical thin plate boundary conditions and pseudo white noise excitation are used in this investigation.
Conditions for the existence of double resonance effects in Raman scattering

Abstract The condition for the existence of Double Resonance effects in Raman scattering are analyzed. It is shown that the existence of points in the electronic momentum space for which both denominators in the expression for Raman scattering vanish is not sufficient. Based on this analysis, it is shown that double resonance effects cannot show up in Resonant Raman scattering in the vicinity of the E1 point in InSb.
Economic Adjustments of Households on Entry Into Retirement

This study focuses on economic adjustment to a major life-cycle turning point, the entry into full retirement, and its immediate impact on income and spending patterns. Cross-sectional data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Expenditure Survey interview tapes are analyzed for 1984-1987. Tobit regression analysis of socioeconomic variables on 31 expenditure categories reveals significant increased proclivities to spend on transportation, health, entertainment, and trips immediately after retirement. Older retirees spend less than do younger retirees for all expenditure categories except health insurance and gifts. Singlefemales suffer the most substantial decline in postretirement income, but this is not offset by concurrent expenditure decreases. This unsustainable dissaving rate after retirement poses a severe problem for single women.
The Application of Net Neutrality to Wireless Networks Based on Network Architecture

There is considerable debate over whether and how net neutrality should apply to wireless networks. We address here whether differences between wired and wireless network technology merit different treatment with respect to net neutrality. The primary focus is on applications and traffic management, rather than device attachment. We first review the pertinent aspects of network architecture and discuss the main differences between wired and wireless networks, and find that wireless networks differ substantially from wired networks at the network layer and below. We then turn more specifically to how wired and wireless networks differ with respect to traffic management, and conclude that wireless networks require some different types of traffic management than wired networks. Finally, we turn to the question of how the differences in traffic management affect net neutrality, and find that despite the differences in traffic management, similar net neutrality concerns apply. Furthermore, we argue that since the differences lie in lower layers, net neutrality in both wired and wireless networks can be effectively accomplished by requiring an open interface between network and transport layers. We argue that this is a more streamlined and more effective solution that carving out a set of managed services.
Cephalosporin C: Mode of action and biosynthetic pathway

Abstract The production of cephalosporin C, a β-lactam antibiotic which inhibits cell wall development in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, has a well-characterized biosynthetic pathway.
Law and neoclassical economics theory: a critical history of the distribution/efficiency debate

Abstract The law and economics movement is responsible for one of the most influential and powerful applications of neoclassical economics. Its impact on public policy debates, particularly those centering around law, has been profound. Given its neoclassical heritage, the prevailing norm in applying economic analysis to law was that the distributional implications of legal rules should not be taken into account. This essay chronicles the criticism of this distribution agnosticism and the evolution of a consensus that distributional matters must be dealt with forthrightly. The result is that law and economics can no longer be viewed as a purely scientific enterprise avoiding inevitable political choices.
The effect of gonadectomy and propylthiouracil treatment on the submandibular gland of the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus.

The histological organization and cytology of the submandibular glands of male and female Mongolian gerbils were described. A sexual dimorphism in the glands, limited specifically to the serous tubules, was noted. In the male, gonadectomy, propylthiouracil administration and a combination of the two treatments resulted in significantly reduced serous tubule diameters. Such reduction was accompanied by a decrease in the number of cells per tubule without any change in the height of individual serous cells. In the female similar treatments were without effect on these parameters of the serous tubules. Experimental treatments did not affect the cytology or the periodic acid-Schiff and Alcian blue reactions of the submandibular glands in either sex.
Separation of bases, ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides by anion-exclusion and partition chromatography on cation-exchange resin: application to the assay of ribonucleotide reductase, deaminase and nucleosidase.

Abstract [5- 3 H]CDP and CTP are used as substrates in the assay of ribonucleotide reductase, deaminase and nucleosidase activity in crude enzyme preparations. After incubation, the nucleotides are hydrolyzed to nucleosides by sequential treatment with potato apyrase and alkaline phosphatase. An aliquot is then chromatographed on a cation-exchange column at 50°C with 0.1 m boric acid, adjusted to pH 7.4 with ammonia, used as eluant. The pyrimidines Ura, Urd, dUrd, Cyt, Cyd and dCyd are separated and eluted in about 50 min in small volumes. Assays by this procedure of CTP reductase activity in crude fractions of ribonucleotide reductase from Euglena gracilis gave results comparable to those obtained by the standard method. The new procedure is also applicable when adenine or guanine nucleotides are used as substrates. The adenine derivatives Ade, Ado, dAdo, Hyp, Ino, dIno as well as the guanine derivatives Gua, Guo, dGuo, Xan, Xao are separated from each other in this chromatographic system in about an hour.
Research and trends in governmetal accounting and reporting

Budgeting is a form of financial reporting using accounting information. This paper reviews current research and trends in governmental accounting and reporting for state and local governments in the United States. In the first section, the contributions of the Governmental Accounting Standards Board are reviewed, including the conceptual framework now guiding the evolution of accounting standards. Also reviewed are developments that are expected to have a significant impact on budgeting in the future, including service efforts and accomplishments reporting, financial condition, and budget reporting. The second section reviews accounting research in four distinct areas: capital markets; financial reporting; behavioral experiments; and, public choice. The future of governmental accounting and reporting will reflect changes in the standards of practice and the use of theory to direct research.
Basophils and allergic inflammation

Basophils were discovered by Paul Ehrlich in 1879 and represent the least abundant granulocyte population in mammals. The relative rarity of basophils and their phenotypic similarities with mast cells resulted in this cell lineage being historically overlooked, both clinically and experimentally. However, recent studies in human subjects and murine systems have shown that basophils perform nonredundant effector functions and significantly contribute to the development and progression of T H 2 cytokine–mediated inflammation. Although the potential functions of murine and human basophils have provoked some controversy, recent genetic approaches indicate that basophils can migrate into lymphoid tissues and, in some circumstances, cooperate with other immune cells to promote optimal T H 2 cytokine responses in vivo . This article provides a brief historical perspective on basophil-related research and discusses recent studies that have identified previously unappreciated molecules and pathways that regulate basophil development, activation, and function in the context of allergic inflammation. Furthermore, we highlight the unique effector functions of basophils and discuss their contributions to the development and pathogenesis of allergic inflammation in human disease. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting basophils in preventing or alleviating the development and progression of allergic inflammation.
On lossy time decompositions of time stamped documents

Constructing time decompositions of time stamped documents is an important first step in extracting temporal information from a document set. Efficient algorithms are described for computing optimal lossy decompositions for a given document set, where the loss of information is constrained to be within a specified bound. A novel and efficient algorithm is proposed for computing information loss values required to construct optimal lossy decompositions. Experimental results are reported comparing optimal lossy decompositions and equal length decompositions in terms of a number of parameters such as information loss. In particular, our results show that optimal lossy decompositions outperform equal length decompositions by preserving more of the information content of the underlying document set. The results also demonstrate that permitting even small amounts of variability in the length of the subintervals of a decomposition results in capturing more of the temporal information content of a document set when compared to equal length decompositions. This paper builds upon our earlier work on time decompositions where the problem of computing optimal lossy decomposition of the time period associated with a document set was first formulated.
Integrated RF On-Chip Inductors With Patterned Co-Zr-Ta-B Films

Integrated on-chip inductors with boron-incorporated amorphous Co-Zr-Ta-B films for reducing the size of the inductor and increasing the quality factor are presented. A 3.5-fold increase in inductance and a 3.9-fold increase in quality factor over inductors without magnetic films are measured at frequencies as high as 1 GHz. The Co-Zr-Ta-B films are patterned into the shape of fingers in the magnetic via region to improve the on-chip inductors, high frequency response. Compared with nonpatterned films, finger-shaped magnetic vias result in at least a 30% increase in quality factor in the gigahertz range. It is also demonstrated that by using laminations, an up to 9.1X inductance increase with good frequency response up to 2 GHz can be achieved.
PROTON--NEUTRON FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS IN THE D(d,dp)n REACTION.

The reaction $\mathrm{D}(d, dp)n$ has been studied at bombarding energies between 11 and 13 MeV. Two charged particles were detected in coincidence at pairs of angles corresponding to the recoil axes of the reaction $\mathrm{D}(d, d){d}^{*}$ where ${d}^{*}$ is a $p\ensuremath{-}n$ system at zero relative energy. Time-of-flight and $\ensuremath{\Delta}E\ensuremath{-}E$ information were used for background subtraction and particle identification, respectively. The experimental spectra are dominated by strong peaks at low relative energies in the $p\ensuremath{-}n$ system which are in part attributable to the isospin-forbidden formation of the "singlet deuteron." The shape of the experimental spectra is not predicted very well by either Watson-Migdal or Phillips, Griffy, Biedenharn theories.
Introduction of α-Tocopherol into Bovine Lymphocyte Surfaces by Lipid Vesicles: Effects of Phospholipid Composition on α-Tocopherol Transfer

Abstract Liposomes transferred α-tocopherol to bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (BPBL) at 39°C. Phospholipid (❘14C❘ DMPC) transferred into BPBL at rates similar to ❘3H❘ α-tocopherol but with less efficiency than ❘3H❘ α-tocopherol from liposomes containing both labels. Liposomes containing unsaturated phospholipids DOPC and DLPC reduced but did not stop the rates of transfer of a-T to BPBL when compared to liposomes composed of DMPC. The presence of ❘14C❘ cholesterol in liposomes with ❘3H❘ α-tocopherol does not restrict but possibly enhances the α-tocopherol transfer into BPBL.
Deformation-Induced Color Changes in Mechanochromic Polyethylene Blends

A detailed and systematic investigation of mechanochromic, melt-processed blends between a series of polyethylenes (PE) with crystallinities ranging from 9 to 66% and two excimer-forming, photoluminescent oligo(phenylenevinylene) dyes is described. A dramatic increase in the nucleation rate of dye aggregates, and therewith a decrease in the size of the aggregates, is observed upon grafting long alkyl tails onto the chromophore. The extent of color change observed upon deformation of these materials, and thus the ability of the polymer host to break up dye aggregates upon deformation, is related to the plastic deformation process of PE crystallitesspecifically those arranged in a lamellar morphologyand increases with increasing polymer crystallinity, decreasing dye aggregate size, and decreasing rates of deformation.
Living and nonliving matter.

In their Perspective “Transitions from nonliving to living matter” (13 Feb., p. [963][1]), S. Rasmussen et al. formulate the question: What is the difference between living and nonliving matter? They later reformulate this question as: What is the boundary between physical and biological
The Effect of Dietary Lysine Levels on Performance and Meat Yields of White Pekin Ducks

Abstract Four trials were conducted to determine the effects of dietary lysine levels ranging from .70 to 1.00% on performance and yield of different carcass components of male and female White Pekin ducks. Dietary lysine had no significant effect on weights or feed efficiencies at market age of 48 or 49 days; however, significant differences were obtained with yields of component parts for the males in Trial 2 and the females in Trial 3. In these trials, overall meat yields were significantly better for males fed levels of lysine between .80 and .95% and for females fed a lysine level of .90%.
Alterations of brain and intestine serotonin levels in hamsters pretreated with dietary aflatoxin

Male Syrian hamsters were fed 30.3 ppm mixed aflatoxins (AFT) for a 45-day period followed by a 123-day recovery period. Tests made at the end of the recovery period indicated a reduction in whole brain and duodenal serotonin and a slight but not statistically significant elevation in brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. There was a high incidence of liver cell hyperplasia in the aflatoxin fed animals. Following toxin withdrawal, the experimental animals showed significant gains in body weight but they never attained a body weight equal to the controls. Aflatoxin apparently interferes with serotonin production and the return to normal body weight even after withdrawal of the animal from the contaminated diet.
An improved reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of two cherry flexiviruses in Prunus spp.

A one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure was developed to detect Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) and Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) in woody indicators and naturally infected Prunus spp. Viral RNA suitable for RT-PCR was obtained by a simple trapping method that did not require either extraction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or total RNA, availability of virus antibodies, or purification of viral particles. Consensus primers, degenerate primers and virus-specific primers, whose designs were based on alignments of available cherry flexivirus sequences, were tested to amplify viral genomic fragments of six CGRMV isolates and one CNRMV isolate. RT-PCR allowed CGRMV detection in total RNA and viral RNA preparations equivalent to 400 μg and 4 μg of infected leaf tissue, respectively. CGRMV was detected in tender shoots, leaves, bark and root tips, and the strongest bands were obtained using young leaves. Detection was less consistent in summer when the temperature was elevated and plant tissues were old. A direct comparison of the RT-PCR and grafting assays indicated that the RT-PCR assay is sensitive, rapid and reliable. The method will improve the routine diagnosis of cherry flexiviruses in Prunus spp.
Immuno-hybridization chain reaction for enhancing detection of individual cytokine-secreting human peripheral mononuclear cells

We present here a new method to enhance the detection of secreted cytokines and chemokines from single human mononuclear cells. The technique uses a hybridization chain reaction (HCR) to amplify signals resulting from sandwich immunoassays. This immuno-HCR employs oligonucleotide-based initiators covalently linked to antibodies to propagate a chain reaction of hybridization events involving a pair of complementary hairpin oligomers bearing fluorescent labels. Integrating this strategy for signal amplification with microengraving (a soft lithographic method for printing arrays of secreted proteins from thousands of single cells) improves both the limits of detection and sensitivity for cytokines and chemokines captured from individual cells by an average of 200-fold relative to methods for direct detection by fluoresence. This approach should enhance the utility of microengraving for defining the immunological signatures of diseases and responses to interventional therapies based on multiplexed single-cell...
A wave analysis of the Polygon array in the tropical Atlantic

Abstract A descriptive synthesis of the mesoscale currents measured by the USSR Polygon array is analyzed in terms of a local, baroclinic, advective, topographic model of quasigeostrophic waves. Fits of the synoptic patterns of both one and two waves are made: for either case the determination of all free parameters at one time and horizontal level allows predictions of the pattern propagation and vertical structure to be tested against the observations. The possibility of the waves being baroclinically unstable is also examined.
Segmentation of left ventricle from 3D cardiac MR image sequences using a subject-specific dynamical model

Statistical model-based segmentation of the left ventricle from cardiac images has received considerable attention in recent years. While a variety of statistical models have been shown to improve segmentation results, most of them are either static models (SM) which neglect the temporal coherence of a cardiac sequence or generic dynamical models (GDM) which neglect the inter-subject variability of cardiac shapes and deformations. In this paper, we use a subject-specific dynamical model (SSDM) that handles inter-subject variability and temporal dynamics (intra-subject variability) simultaneously. It can progressively identify the specific motion patterns of a new cardiac sequence based on the segmentations observed in the past frames. We formulate the integration of the SSDM into the segmentation process in a recursive Bayesian framework in order to segment each frame based on the intensity information from the current frame and the prediction from the past frames. We perform ldquoleave-one-outrdquo test on 32 sequences to validate our approach. Quantitative analysis of experimental results shows that the segmentation with the SSDM outperforms those with the SM and GDM by having better global and local consistencies with the manual segmentation.
V2V channels and performance of multiuser spread spectrum modulation

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications have drawn much attention in recent years. In this article, we discuss tradeoffs between implementation complexity and accuracy of several stochastic channel models for lite V2V environment, and then address spread-spectrum system performance attained using these channel models. Two different propagation environments are considered: urban and open areas (highways). The necessity of employing nonstationary channel models to accurately represent the channel is substantiated by comparing stationary and nonstationary empirical model outputs with measured data. A framework to compare single-carrier direct sequence code division multiple access (SC-DS-CDMA) and mul- ticarrier DS-CDMA (MC-DS-CDMA) performance in V2V channels is presented, and bit error ratio (BER) performance of the schemes is provided for the two channels Our comparison of single- and multiuser performance shows that MC-DS-CDMA performs better than SC-DS-CDMA in both Y2V environments.