cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact Characterization of Graphite Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Laminates

Instrumented drop-weight impact testings were conducted in conjunction with the ultrasonic C-scan and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the impact re sponse at low velocities. Thermoplastic composite materials in the simply supported case showed dramatic improvements in impact damage resistance compared to the thermoset composite materials as reported. Scanning electron microscopy examination of the frac ture surface revealed fiber-matrix-debonding, fiber pull-out, and few deleminations. Matrix behavior can be characterized by a hackly appearance. On the other hand, the frac ture mechanisms of the transverse normal compression and shear punch were matrix cracking and grouped lamina delamination as opposed to individual lamina delamination, respectively.
An optical tweezers study of nanosecond duration DNA conformations through DNA-surface binding distance measurements

Optical tweezers have been widely used to study DNA properties including time dependent changes in conformation; however, such studies have emphasized direct fluorescent observation of the conformations of dyed DNA molecules. In this work we explore DNA conformations that allow undyed DNA to link to spatially separated surfaces. In one set of experiments, we used optical tweezers to hold a polystyrene bead at a fixed distance from the sample capillary wall and measured the probability of the binding as a function of the separation between the polystyrene bead and the capillary, where the beads were fully confined in liquid. In a separate magnetic crystal experiment, we used magnetic forces to control the separation between magnetic beads in a hexagonal lattice at an air-water interface and measured the probability of linking to beads in the crystal. In both types of experiments peak binding occurs at a surface separation several times longer than the radius of gyration of the DNA. These experiments provide fundamental information on elusive, but significant DNA conformations, as well as technologically useful information on the probability of the DNA binding that will link two surfaces.
Relationship between Plasma Exposure of 9-Nitrocamptothecin and Its 9-Aminocamptothecin Metabolite and Antitumor Response in Mice Bearing Human Colon Carcinoma Xenografts

9-Nitrocamptothecin has completed phase III studies in patients with newly diagnosed and refractory pancreatic cancer; however, the optimal 9-nitrocamptothecin treatment regimen is unclear. We used an intermittent schedule of 9-nitrocamptothecin to evaluate the relationship between plasma exposure of 9-nitrocamptothecin and its 9-aminocamptothecin metabolite and antitumor response in mice bearing human colon carcinoma xenografts. 9-Nitrocamptothecin was given orally at 0.44, 0.67, or 1.0 mg/kg/d qd × 5d × 2 weeks repeated q 4 weeks for two cycles to female C.B-17 SCID mice bearing HT29 or ELC2 human colon xenografts. Pharmacokinetic studies were done after oral administration of 0.67 mg/kg × 1. Serial samples were obtained and 9-nitrocamptothecin and 9-aminocamptothecin lactone concentrations in plasma were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis with fluorescence detection. The areas under plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) from 0 to infinity for 9-nitrocamptothecin and 9-aminocamptothecin were calculated. The antitumor activity of 9-nitrocamptothecin was dose-dependent in both colon xenografts. At all doses, 9-nitrocamptothecin treatment resulted in significant antitumor activity in both xenografts compared with vehicle-treated and control groups and achieved levels of tumor regression that met criteria (minimum %T/C ≤ 40%) for antitumor activity. In mice bearing HT29 xenografts, the 9-nitrocamptothecin and 9-aminocamptothecin lactone AUCs after administration of 9-nitrocamptothecin at 0.67 mg/kg were 41.3 and 5.7 ng/mL h, respectively. The responses seen in these xenograft models occurred at systemic exposures that are tolerable in adult patients. These results suggest that the intermittent schedule of 9-nitrocamptothecin may be an active regimen in patients with colorectal carcinoma.
Safety and feasibility of transradial catheterization in breast cancer survivors: A 2-center international experience

The technical feasibility of transradial access (TRA) in breast cancer survivors is usually not a concern; even so, the perceived fear of lymphedema, both on the part of the survivor and medical staff, is the limiting factor. Cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention using TRA
Perspectives on Regulating Systemic Risk

This book chapter, which synthesizes several of the author’s articles, attempts to provide useful perspectives on regulating systemic risk. First, it argues that systemic shocks are inevitable. Accordingly, regulation should be designed not only to try to reduce those shocks but also to protect the financial system against their unavoidable impact. This could be done, the chapter explains, by applying chaos theory to help stabilize the financial system. The chapter then focuses on trying to prevent excessive corporate risk-taking, which is one of the leading triggers of systemic shocks and widely regarded to have been a principal cause of the financial crisis. It begins by inquiring why so few managers have been prosecuted for the excessive corporate risk-taking that led to the financial crisis. Targeting managers in their personal capacity would be a greater deterrent to excessive risk-taking than fallbacks such as imposing firm-level liability. The chapter finds, however, a host of reasons why managerial prosecution is not — and is unlikely to become — a credible deterrent. Finally, the chapter examines how else excessive risk-taking could be regulated, including by mandating a public governance duty and narrowing limited liability protection for owner-managers of shadow-banking firms.
The Ends of Government

The ends of government may be stated as follows: (1) external security, (2) internal order, (3) justice, (4) general welfare, and (5) freedom.To the state, which is the name usually applied to independent political associations, these ends are accorded on the basis of observation and reflection. They may be summed up under the term the “common weal,” or the common good. This assumes that there is a community, made up of human personalities, that there are purposes, values, and interests in common, that there is a commonly accepted organization for carrying out these common purposes.It cannot be said that these functions are the property or responsibility of the state alone. They are shared by other agencies of human society, and without their cooperation the political society can do little. The state provides a broad framework within which other societies and persons may operate more effectively, and undertakes common functions which it can more conveniently carry on, than other associations.
19 Tips from 19 Years on the Appellate Bench

A former Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit provides nineteen pieces of appellate advice to commemorate her nineteen years with the court.
iSUMO - integrative prediction of functionally relevant SUMOylated proteins

Post-translational modifications by the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) are essential for many eukaryotic cellular functions. Several large-scale experimental datasets and sequence-based predictions exist that identify SUMOylated proteins. However, the overlap between these datasets is small, suggesting many false positives with low functional relevance. Therefore, we applied machine learning techniques to a diverse set of large-scale SUMOylation studies combined with protein characteristics such as cellular function and protein-protein interactions, to provide integrated SUMO predictions for human and yeast cells (iSUMO). Protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions prove to be highly predictive of protein SUMOylation, supporting a role of the modification in protein complex formation. We note the marked prevalence of SUMOylation amongst RNA-binding proteins. We predict 1,596 and 492 SUMO targets in human and yeast, respectively (5% false positive rate, FPR), which is five times more than what existing sequence-based tools predict at the same FPR. One third of the predictions are validated by an independent, high-quality dataset. iSUMO therefore represents a comprehensive SUMO prediction tool for human and yeast with a high probability for functional relevance of the predictions.
Mechanisms of Action of Glatiramer Acetate in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract This chapter is arranged with three sections. The introduction ( Section 1 ) includes subsections dealing with the history of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and of the development of copolymer −1, which led to the development of glatiramer acetate as a pharmacological product. Section 2 introduces glatiramer as an immunomodulator, with two subsections. The first outlines the impact on adaptive immune responses, and the second, the so-called “shift” from Th1 to Th2 helper T cell responses. Section 3 deals with the drug as a neuroprotective agent. The first subsection deals with induction of neurotrophic molecules by glatiramer and the second deals with the drugs impact on the innate immune system; a new focus for research on mechanisms of “switching off” damage by macrophages and microglial cells and “turning on” repair and regeneration of axons and myelin. Figures 1 and 2 show the relationships of the elements of immune function discussed in this chapter.
The European Trade Cycle: 1850–1913

There appears to be a strong tradition in the literature on European business cycles that by the beginning of the twentieth century these events are correlated quite closely across countries. The most prominent lines of influence mentioned in the literature are either real (with either foreign trade or capital flows serving as the transmission mechanism) or nominal (with the gold standard serving in the same capacity). Most studies deal with a particular country, the result being that what we could call the ‘pan-European cycle’ is hard to pin down, even though many of the parts to the puzzle exist. Broadly, then, we propose to search the empirical record, with the object being a closer identification of the common cyclical influences in this period.
Creativity and the Work Context

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes and integrates the literature that has addressed the effects of contextual conditions on employee creativity. Substantial evidence suggests that employee creativity contributes to an organization's growth, effectiveness, and survival. Given the potential significance of employee creativity for the growth and effectiveness of organizations, it is not surprising that a wealth of recent studies have examined the possibility that there are personal and contextual conditions that serve to enhance (or restrict) the creativity employees exhibit at work. Most contemporary theorists define creativity as the production of ideas concerning products, practices, services, or procedures that are novel or original and potentially useful to the organization. Ideas are considered novel if they are unique relative to other ideas currently available in the organization. Ideas are considered useful if they have the potential for direct or indirect value to the organization, in either the short- or long-term.
Experiments on the Effects of Opinion Polls and Implications for Laws Banning Pre-election Polling

Many nations ban the release of pre-election poll results based on the assumption that voters will be adversely influenced by poll information. The AAPOR notes that there is no scientific evidence that voter decisions are influenced by media polls. This study uses survey experiments to assess if respondents might be influenced by a hypothetical candidate’s poll standing. It advances our understanding of poll effects by testing which type of people might be most responsive to information about poll standing. Results are consistent with a theory proposing that voters with weaker political preferences (those less politically engaged) may be more likely to support candidates who are leading in media polls. Although the experimental effects are substantial for some of the less politically engaged respondents, these people may be least likely to become aware of media poll information in a real world setting. The effect of poll information on candidate choices is likely to be limited for the electorate overall.
Characteristics of the root system in the diploid genome donors of hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)

Wild crop relatives are of considerable interest in plant breeding and significant efforts have been made to transfer their genetic variation into modern crops. Of the three diploid progenitors of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), only Aegilops tauschii Coss. has been explored and exploited and only for some above ground characteristics. The three wild progenitors (Aegilops speltoides Tausch., Triticum urartu Tumanian ex Gandilyan, and Aegilops tauschii) have never been assayed for root traits. Here we report such a root study, and include Triticum monococcum L. subsp. boeoticum (Boiss.) Hayek and T. turgidum L. subsp. dicoccoides (Koern. ex Asch. et Graebn.) Thell. Fifteen accessions were selected from the above wild species and tested in the presence of one bread wheat cultivar Pavon F76. Significant variation was observed between and within the taxa. Of all accessions tested, cv. Pavon F76 had the smallest root system at maturity while A. speltoides had the largest root system. Moreover, Aegilops spp. had larger mean values for root biomass when compared with Triticum spp. These results suggest there is significant unexplored potential for the use of wheat wild relatives in wheat breeding to improve the root system, or to develop synthetic mapping populations to study root traits.
Image-guided surgery: Transistor-like pH nanoprobes

Nanoprobes that fluoresce only when activated by the acidic environment in tumours may make a universal imaging agent for cancer surgery.
Relation of Spatial Skills to Calculus Proficiency: A Brief Report

ABSTRACTSpatial skills have been shown in various longitudinal studies to be related to multiple science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) achievement and retention. The specific nature of this relation has been probed in only a few domains, and has rarely been investigated for calculus, a critical topic in preparing students for and in STEM majors and careers. We gathered data on paper-and-pencil measures of spatial skills (mental rotation, paper folding, and hidden figures); calculus proficiency (conceptual knowledge and released Advanced Placement [AP] calculus items); coordinating graph, table, and algebraic representations (coordinating multiple representations); and basic graph/table skills. Regression analyses suggest that mental rotation is the best of the spatial predictors for scores on released AP calculus exam questions (β = 0.21), but that spatial skills are not a significant predictor of calculus conceptual knowledge. Proficiency in coordinating multiple representations is also a sig...
Medical Genetics Ethics Case Collection: Discussion Materials for Medical Students in the Genomic Era.

Introduction This collection of cases in medical genetics focuses on ethical dimensions of genetic testing. Given the recent and continuing revolution in genetic testing technologies, understanding...
Abstract 395: Transient Inactivation of Retinoblastoma Induces De-Novo Cardiomyogenesis From Human Myocardial Progenitors but Not Pre-Existing Cardiomyocyte Replication

Introduction: Activation of cardiac cell cycle re-entry is considered the primary therapeutic strategy for cardiomyocyte (CM) regeneration. However, the role of cardiac cell-cycle control in cardiomyogenesis remains elusive. Here, we combined RNA interference and stem cell modeling to investigate the role of Retinoblastoma (RB) in human cardiomyogenesis. Hypothesis: RB regulates proliferation and differentiation of cardiac progenitors (CPCs) but not CM replication. Methods: H9 human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) stably expressing tetracycline (tet)-inducible shRNAs against RB (hESCshRB) or hemagglutinin-tagged RB (hESCHA-RB) were tet-induced at selected time-points during or after CM differentiation. Results: Analysis of ser-608 illustrated stage-specific differences in the degree of RB inactivation during normal hESCs-cardiogenesis. Transient shRB knockdown in hESCshRB-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) during the CPC-stage (EB-days 5-8), significantly upregulated GATA4, ISL1, CTNNI, and cKit transcription (p Conclusions: These findings suggest that RB regulates proliferation and differentiation of human CPCs in a cell-autonomous manner, via a CCND-CDK4/6-E2F3 mechanism. Conversely, CM replication may be enhanced via cell-cell interactions with MSCs and/or CSCs, but not cell-autonomously via RB inactivation.
Prescriber continuity and medication availability in older adults with cardiometabolic conditions.

Background:Many older adults have multiple conditions and see multiple providers, which may impact their use of essential medications.Objective:We examined whether the number of prescribers of thes...
ELISPOT-Based “Multi-Color FluoroSpot” to Study Type-Specific and Cross-Reactive Responses in Memory B Cells after Dengue and Zika Virus Infections

Co-circulation and re-emergence of antigenically related viruses such as dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and yellow fever (YF) in the Americas has brought a sense of urgency in the field to further define the genesis and to more fully describe the immune response. The recent explosive epidemics of Zika in the Americas and the co-circulation of ZIKV with the phylogenetically similar DENV has raised important questions and concerns regarding the role of cross-reactive immunity in protection and potential enhancement of severity of subsequent ZIKV or DENV infections in pre-immune individuals and the safety of vaccines against both viruses in endemic populations. Antibodies are a critical part of the immune response for clearing flavivirus infections, but the role of pre-existing antibodies in protection or enhancement of subsequent infection and disease with closely related viral species and strains is still not fully understood. We have developed a novel Multi-Color FluoroSpot (MCF) assay based on our ELISPOT-derived assay, previously designated the Quad-color FluoroSpot (QCF), in order to study the development of type-specific versus cross-reactive responses within the B cell pool of Zika virus (ZIKV)- and/or dengue virus (DENV)-infected patients. The QCF is based on a panel of four fluorescent Qdots, each conjugated to a monoclonal antibody specific to one of the four DENV serotypes; now we have included a fifth color (Qdot) for ZIKV to enable analysis of the specificity versus cross-reactivity of B cell populations at a single-cell level for all four DENV serotypes and ZIKV. This novel assay allows us to analyze unique human samples from long-term studies of dengue and Zika in Nicaragua to investigate the nature of B cell/antibody responses and their role in pathogenesis and/or protection in secondary flavivirus infections and could have important implications for vaccine development for Zika and dengue.
Relationship of cold acclimation, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity with chilling tolerance in petunia (Petunia × hybrida)

Abstract Extracts from Petunia × hybrida plants, which had been subjected to cold pretreatment to induce chilling tolerance, were analyzed for specific phenolic acids, such as gentisic acid, and assessed for their antioxidant capacity by their ability to reduce (decolorize) the 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt radical (ABTS * ). Gentisic acid was induced in significant quantities by the third week of cold acclimation and levels remained constant up to the fourth week. Cold acclimation induced accumulation of total phenolics, which was positively related to antioxidant capacity. Petunia plants recovered from chilling injury following 3 weeks of cold pretreatment with an increase in total phenolics, which suggested some form of antioxidant protection. However, antioxidant capacity was only moderately related to chilling tolerance, which indicated that factors other than total phenolics may play a role in the chilling tolerance in petunia. These data suggest that the 5 °C cold pretreatment may have initially caused injury that impeded acclimation at the outset, and that subsequent phenolic metabolism was related to protective functions in petunia.
Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis and Renovascular Hypertension: Clinical Diagnosis and Indications for Revascularization

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional relationship between physician knowledge of hypertension guidelines and blood pressure (BP) control. The authors evaluated a sample of primary care faculty (n=32) and a sample of their patients (n=613). When treating patients as independent observations, the authors found an inverse relationship (r=−0.524; p=0.002) where higher knowledge scores were associated with lower BP control. The authors conducted a multivariate analysis to accommodate the non-independence due to random physician effects and found that there was no longer a significant association between knowledge and BP control, but there was still a trend (odds ratio=0.84; p=0.130). This study demonstrates that there is no evidence that high knowledge of hypertension guidelines will improve BP control rates and that higher knowledge may actually be associated with lower BP control. Strategies that are designed only to improve knowledge of hypertension guidelines are insufficient to improve BP control rates.
Molecular mechanisms of hormone controlled gene expression in the breast.

In a meritorious effort H. de Rothschild compiled in 1899 all publications on mammary gland development and milk – a grand total of 8375 [1]. In the preface to this publication Duclaux states: ‘Such a discrepancy between the tremendous efforts and the paltriness of the results – hundreds of scientists and thousands of research years, just to create 200 or 300 pages of truth’. The number of papers added since then must be enormous. Rather than reviewing a vast literature, I will take the liberty and focus on research which, in my opinion, shaped our understanding of hormone controlled gene expression in the developing breast.
Trivalent manganese on vacancies triggers rapid transformation of layered to tunneled manganese oxides (TMOs): Implications for occurrence of TMOs in low-temperature environment

Abstract Tunneled Mn oxides (TMOs) are common minerals in natural environment, particularly in ferromanganese nodules of oceanic and lake sediments. Their structures host a considerable amount of transition and rare earth metals, thus mediating metal cycling and bearing potential economic interest for exploiting these metals. TMOs form through topotactic transformation of layered Mn oxides (LMOs), such as vernadite, in natural environment. Trivalent Mn (Mn(III)) in the LMO structure is a critical player in the transformation, and the transformation is believed to be extremely slow at room temperature. However, the specific role of Mn(III) and its impacts on the transformation kinetics remain unknown. In the present study, we show that the formation of Mn(III) on vacancies of an LMO is the initial transformation step leading to TMOs, and that the transformation can be rapid at room temperature and circumneutral pH. Specifically, after pre-adsorbed with Mn(II) on vacancies at pH 4, δ-MnO2, a hexagonal birnessite analogous to vernadite, starts to transform to a 4 × 4 TMO at 1 h upon incubation at pH 7 and 21 °C under anoxic conditions. The rapid transformation is triggered by the comproportionation reaction between the vacancy-adsorbed Mn(II) and Mn(IV) in δ-MnO2 that produces Mn(III) on the vacancies. Such intermediate Mn(III)-rich product acts as a precursor for subsequent rapid structural rearrangement to form tunnels. An incubation at lower or higher pH retards the transformation due to an insufficient amount of Mn(III) (pH 6) or the formation of triclinic birnessite (pH 8) as an intermediate product. The presence of O2 favors the formation of triclinic birnessite at pH 8 and thus retards the transformation whereas O2 enhances production of Mn(III)-rich hexagonal birnessite at pH 6 and 7 and promotes the transformation. We propose a novel transformation mechanism of LMOs to TMOs, highlighting the role of vacancy-adsorbed Mn(III) in the transformation. This work changes our understanding of TMO formation kinetics and suggests TMOs can readily form in low-temperature redox-fluctuating environment, such as lake and oceanic sediments where Mn(II) often coexists with LMOs.
Radiative and pionic transitions Z c ( 4020 ) 0 → X ( 3872 ) γ and Z c ( 4020 ) ± → X ( 3872 ) π ±

The radiative transitions from the neutral exotic ${Z}_{c}(4020{)}^{0}$ resonance to $X(3872)$ with emission of a photon and the pionic transitions from the charged ${Z}_{c}(4020{)}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ to $X(3872)$ and a charged pion ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ are considered for both charmoniumlike states being charmed meson-antimeson molecules. The underlying processes for these transitions are the decays of the charmed vector meson to pseudoscalar plus a photon or a pion. It is found that the discussed transition rates typically amount to a branching fraction of several permil with a peak at the vector meson pair threshold.
Outcomes of Children with Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treated Nonsurgically: A Retrospective Review.

ObjectiveObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway and is commonly caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children. Accordingly, adenoto...
Intersection of Epigenetic and Metabolic Regulation of Histone Modifications in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most lethal blood cancers, accounting for close to a quarter of a million annual deaths worldwide. Even though genetically heterogeneous, all AMLs are characterized by two interrelated features-blocked differentiation and high proliferative capacity. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of AML, the treatment of AMLs with chemotherapeutic regimens has remained largely unchanged in the past 30 years. In this review, we will consider the role of two cellular processes, metabolism and epigenetics, in the development and progression of AML and highlight the studies that suggest an interconnection of therapeutic importance between the two. Large-scale whole-exome sequencing of AML patients has revealed the presence of mutations, translocations or duplications in several epigenetic effectors such as DNMT3, MLL, ASXL1, and TET2, often times co-occuring with mutations in metabolic enzymes such as IDH1 and IDH2. These mutations often result in impaired enzymatic activity which leads to an altered epigenetic landscape through dysregulation of chromatin modifications such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation. We will discuss the role of enzymes that are responsible for establishing these modifications, namely histone acetyl transferases (HAT), histone methyl transferases (HMT), demethylases (KDMs), and deacetylases (HDAC), and also highlight the merits and demerits of using inhibitors that target these enzymes. Furthermore, we will tie in the metabolic regulation of co-factors such as acetyl-CoA, SAM, and α-ketoglutarate that are utilized by these enzymes and examine the role of metabolic inhibitors as a treatment option for AML. In doing so, we hope to stimulate interest in this topic and help generate a rationale for the consideration of the combinatorial use of metabolic and epigenetic inhibitors for the treatment of AML.
Comorbid Medical Conditions as Predictors of Overall Survival in Glioblastoma Patients.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive central nervous system tumor with a poor prognosis. This study was conducted to determine any comorbid medical conditions that are associated with survival in GBM. Data were collected from medical records of all patients who presented to VCU Medical Center with GBM between January 2005 and February 2015. Patients who underwent surgery/biopsy were considered for inclusion. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was performed to assess the relationship between survival and sex, race, and comorbid medical conditions. 163 patients met inclusion criteria. Comorbidities associated with survival on individual-characteristic analysis included: history of asthma (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 2.63; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.24–5.58; p = 0.01), hypercholesterolemia (HR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.09–3.50; p = 0.02), and incontinence (HR: 2.29; 95% CI: 0.95–5.57; p = 0.07). History of asthma (HR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.02–4.83; p = 0.04) and hypercholesterolemia (HR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.11–3.56; p = 0.02) were associated with shorter survival on multivariable analysis. Surgical patients with GBM who had a prior history of asthma or hypercholesterolemia had significantly higher relative risk for mortality on individual-characteristic and multivariable analyses.
Lessons Learned for Recruitment and Retention of Low-Income African Americans

Recruitment and retention of low-income African Americans in clinical trials is challenging. This paper reports recruitment and retention strategies that yielded high rates for both in a clinical trial pilot to improve hypertension self-management among low-income African Americans. The study successfully recruited 96.7% (59 of 61 participants) within a seven month period. Retention rates for the 1, 3, and 6-month post-baseline assessment visits were 91.5%, 88.1%, and 83.1%, respectively. Recruitment and retention strategies include two grounded in previous literature: a culturally sensitive and diverse research team and use of incentives. Four additional strategies were developed for this study to meet the needs of the study site and participants, which included: study site collaboration; ongoing communications; responding to the clinical environment; and addressing participants' health literacy levels. A discussion of key recruitment and retention strategies and suggestions for future studies focused on low-income African American participants ensues.
Perception of alarm cues influences the outcome of shelter competition in crayfish20

The effects of predators on prey populations may significantly alter many aspects of prey biology, including spatial distribution, foraging activities, and social interactions. In aquatic habitats, chemosensation is an important mode of communication and has been shown for many taxa, including crayfish, to be used in detection of predator and/or conspecific alarm cues. Here, we report on an experiment to test the hypothesis that detection of alarm cues results in greater individual investment in contests over shelters. We tested this hypothesis through dyadic contests between sex‐ and size‐matched, non‐reproductive individuals of Faxonius virilis. We found that crayfish responded to exposure to alarm cues by spending more time inside a shelter. We also report that in contests between pairs in which one crayfish had been exposed to alarm cues and the other had not, exposed individuals were significantly more likely to win ownership of a single shelter. However, we did not detect any differences in the contest parameters we recorded between exposed and unexposed crayfish. These impacts on both individual and social behavior indicate that the presence of predators is likely to have large effects on the distribution and structure of crayfish populations.
THE IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE CAPTURE AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING ON LEARNING, ADAPTABILITY, JOB SATISFACTION AND STAYING INTENTION: A STUDY OF THE BANKING INDUSTRY IN BANGLADESH: Zamir, Z (2019). The Impact of Knowledge Capture and Knowledge Sharing on Learning, Adaptability, Job Satisfaction and Staying Intention. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, 7(1), 46-64. doi: 10.2478/ijek-2019-0004

The Knowledge Management (KM) has been defined as performing activites in discovering, capturing, sharing and applying knowledge in a more effective and effieicnt way. This study looks at only two such processes namely: capruring and sharing knowledge and their sub-processes. The purpose of this study is to conduct exploratory research to investigate the extent to which the sub-processes of knowledge capture and knowledge sharing of knowledge management impact the employee learning, adaptability, Job satisfaction and intention to stay on the job. This research was conducted using a purposive sample from financial services firms in Bangladesh. The sample consisted of 254 respondents from 23 different branches of eight commercial banks drawing from all levels of employees in the organizational hierarchy. The partial least squares (PLS) approach using Smart PLS has been used to test both the measurement and structural models. The findings of this study confirm that it is not the KM processes rather the sub-processes of KM process that can positively impact on employees' outcomes. This study involved self-administrated questionnaires and was open to all levels of staff and measured perceptions of the employees as opposed to actual behavior. This study suggests that employees' learning and adaptability depend on the usability and comfortability of the knowledge management initiatives undertaken by the management. Practitioners may employ the same experimental method using the instruments developed for this study to analyze the impact of the sub-processes of knowledge capture and knowledge sharing on employee outcomes. This study contributes to the existing literature of knowledge management that how the sub-processes of knowledge capture and knowledge sharing motivate employees to learn and adapt and how learning and adaptability contribute to job satisfaction and staying intention.
A cadaveric study of radial and ulnar bowing in the sagittal and coronal planes.

Background This study provides a comprehensive, full-length assessment of radial and ulnar bowing in anteroposterior (AP) and sagittal planes. Methods Radial and ulnar AP and lateral bowing were assessed using orthogonal digital photographs of 211 randomly selected cadaveric bilateral forearms (422 radius, 422 ulna bones) from a well-preserved osteologic collection. Results In the radial AP plane, an apex-radial bow was present at a mean of 58% of bone length (slightly distal to midpoint), with a mean depth of 1.3 cm. In the radial lateral plane, an apex-dorsal bow occurred at a mean of 45% of bone length, with a mean depth of 0.8 cm. In the ulnar AP plane, apex-radial bow occurred at a mean of 32% of bone length with a mean depth of 1.0 cm. In the ulnar lateral plane, the majority of specimens (81%) had an apex-dorsal bow, whereas 19% had a reverse (apex-volar) bow. Lateral ulnar bow was located at a mean of 33% of bone length with a mean depth of 2.0 cm, with 36% of specimens possessing a lateral bow located at 35% or more distal along the ulna. Side-to-side differences for bow location and depth were less than 2% of bone length. Conclusions Ulnar lateral bow was found to be more distal than in previously published works, which analyzed only the proximal ulna, and this study describes a reverse ulnar bow in 19% of specimens. This demonstrates lateral ulnar morphology to be more variable than previously defined with minimal side-to-side variability, which are important considerations for fracture fixation and elbow arthroplasty.
SHOCKWAVE INTRAVASCULAR LITHOTRIPSY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CALCIFIED CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS

A severely calcified coronary artery plaque is among the numerous challenges encountered in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Calcified plaques limit stent expansion, disrupt the polymers that coat drug-eluting stents, and increase the likelihood of restenosis. To overcome this, a technique
Chapter 27 – Cerebrospinal Fluid

Publisher Summary The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is described as the central nervous system equivalent of the complete blood count and the analogy is a good one. A CSF analysis provides a general index of neurologic health, and it often provides evidence of the presence of disease. Similar to a complete blood count, CSF analysis has reasonable sensitivity but low specificity. The possible alterations of CSF are relatively limited compared to the varieties of neurologic diseases that exist. Additionally, the type and degree of CSF abnormality seems to be related as much to the location of disease as to the cause or the severity of the lesion; meningeal and paraventricular diseases generally produce greater abnormalities than deep parenchymal diseases. Previous therapy may affect the type, degree, and duration of CSF abnormalities as well. The CSF abnormalities identified upon analysis are also dependent on the CSF collection site with respect to lesion location. CSF analysis only occasionally provides a specific diagnosis.
Carotid Endarterectomy with Intraoperative Stroke Due to Plaque Embolization During Shunt Insertion

During carotid endarterectomy for severe left internal carotid and moderate left common carotid artery stenosis, the patient required placement of indwelling shunt. Plaque embolization during the shunt insertion resulted in a neurological deficit from which the patient recovered to a considerable extent. Complications of shunt are discussed.
Correlation between ultrasonographic classification and age and lesion of female mammary gland

Objective To investigate the correlation between ultrasonographie classification, age and lesion in female. Methods One thousand two hundred and eight patients with 2416 mammary gland were comfired by pathologic findings, including 132 benign lesion and 54 malignancy lesion. According various sonographic appearances in the mammary gland structure and involution grade, the mammary glonds were classified into glandular,fibroglandular and fatty types. A single mammary gland is statistic unit. Results To follow age growth, the proportion of glandular type was decrease, 61.7% in under 30 years of age,31.5% in 30-39 years of age,15.3% in 40-49 years of age,8.6% in 50-59 years of age,4.5 in over 60 years of age. To follow age growth, the proportion of fatty type was higher, 1.6 % in under 30 years of age, 5.80% in 30-39 years of age,5.5% in 40-49 years of age,10.8% in 50-59 years of age,38.6% in over 60 years of age. Before 60 years of age, to follow age growth, the proportion of fibroglandular type was higher, which achieved the peak value (79.2%) in 40-49 years and last to 50-59 years of age (80.6%) ,but it was decrease to 56.9% after 60 years of age. There was significant difference of the proportion in any age(P=0.000).The proportion of the benign lesion no difference in three categories. The proportion of malignancy lesion (6.23%, 16/257 mammary gland)in fatty type was higher than that in fibroglandular type (2.18%,37/1698 mammary gland) which was significant difference(P=0.000). There was no malignancy lesion in glandular type. Conclusions Significant correlation were present between uhrasonographic classification, age and malignancy lesion, no significant correlation were found between uhrasonographic classification, age and benign lesion. Key words: Ultrasonography; Mammary gland, human; Breast diseases
Assessing full body impulsive ability using a range of medicine ball loads for the backward overhead medicine ball throw

The potential for high performance in many sports can be assessed by quantifying whole-body explosiveness. The backwards overhead medicine ball (BOMB) throw is commonly-used to tests this ability, but the effect of varied loading on test execution is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different medicine ball (MB) loads on force, velocity, and power output during the BOMB throw. Female collegiate softball and rugby players (n=31) performed the BOMB throw on a force plate using 2.7, 3.6, 4.5, and 5.5 kg MBs, with three throws per load in a randomised order, and 30 seconds rest between throws. A series of Repeated Measures ANOVAs noted no differences (p>0.05) in peak power, peak force, peak velocity, force at the moment of peak power, or velocity at the moment of peak power, across MB loads. The lack of differences among these loads indicates that coaches can likely compare kinetic characteristics of the BOMB throw within this range (2.7-5.5 kg). Therefore, coaches can use the BOMB throw with 2.7-5.5 kg MBs for training or measurement among female athletes to obtain reference data for programming or evaluation.
Physician-Patient Interactions in Nigeria: A Critical-Cultural Perspective on the Role of Power

Healthcare system in Nigeria has suffered many structural problems, which have impacted healthcare access and delivery. In this study, I explore physician-patient interactions in Nigerian hospitals...
Digital systems for improving outcomes in patients with primary immune defects.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Healthcare has already been impacted by the fourth industrial revolution exemplified by tip of spear technology, such as artificial intelligence and quantum computing. Yet, there is much to be accomplished as systems remain suboptimal, and full interoperability of digital records is not realized. Given the footprint of technology in healthcare, the field of clinical immunology will certainly see improvements related to these tools. RECENT FINDINGS Biomedical informatics spans the gamut of technology in biomedicine. Within this distinct field, advances are being made, which allow for engineering of systems to automate disease detection, create computable phenotypes and improve record portability. Within clinical immunology, technologies are emerging along these lines and are expected to continue. SUMMARY This review highlights advancements in digital health including learning health systems, electronic phenotyping, artificial intelligence and use of registries. Technological advancements for improving diagnosis and care of patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases is also highlighted.
The origins and development of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative: creating innovative clinical, quality improvement, and research opportunities - Corrigendum.

Compared to the general population, individuals with complex congenital heart disease are at increased risk for deficits in cognitive, neurodevelopmental, psychosocial, and physical functioning, resulting in a diminished health-related quality of life. These deficits have been well described over the past 25 years, but significant gaps remain in our understanding of the best practices to improve neurodevelopmental and psychosocial outcomes and health-related quality of life for individuals with paediatric and congenital heart disease. Innovative clinical, quality improvement, and research opportunities with collaboration across multiple disciplines and institutions were needed to address these gaps. The Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative was founded in 2016 with a described mission to determine and implement best practices of neurodevelopmental and psychosocial services for individuals and their families with paediatric and congenital heart disease through clinical, quality improvement, and research initiatives. The vision is to be a multi-centre, multi-national, multi-disciplinary group of healthcare professionals committed to working together and partnering with families to optimise neurodevelopmental outcomes for individuals with paediatric and congenital heart disease through clinical, quality, and research initiatives, intending to maximise quality of life for every individual across the lifespan. This manuscript describes the development and organisation of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative.
Delayed cord clamping in infants born less than 35 weeks: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND Evidence supports delayed cord clamping (DCC) in preterm infants. However, practice variation exists, and many preterm infants do not receive DCC despite multiple benefits and lack of harm. We aim to 1) study the rate of DCC in preterm infants, 2) compare the difference between infants who received DCC and those who did not receive DCC and 3) investigate the reasons for not performing DCC. METHODS We conducted this retrospective study to evaluate DCC practice at our institution since its implementation in September 2015. We collected and analyzed the data on DCC of 30-45 sec duration in inborn infants 30 weeks gestation, respectively (p = 0.001). Infants not receiving DCC were smaller, of lower gestational age, and more likely to be delivered via cesarean section than those who received DCC (p < 0.0001). Infants not receiving DCC had a higher rate of receiving PPV or intubation and a 1minute Apgar score of < 5 compared to those receiving DCC. We could not establish the reason for not performing DCC because of inadequate documentation in the medical records. CONCLUSIONS The rate of DCC is low in clinical practice, particularly among extremely preterm infants.
Soybean Root Nodule and Rhizosphere Microbiome: Distribution of Rhizobial and Nonrhizobial Endophytes.

ABSTRACT Soybean root nodules are known to contain a high diversity of both rhizobial endophytes and nonrhizobial endophytes (NREs). Nevertheless, the variation of these bacteria among different root nodules within single plants has not been reported. So far, it is unclear whether the selection of NREs among different root nodules within single plants is a random process or is strictly controlled by the host plant to favor a few specific NREs based on their beneficial influence on plant growth. As well, it is also unknown if the relative frequency of NREs within different root nodules is consistent or if it varies based on the location or size of a root nodule. We assessed the microbiomes of 193 individual soybean root nodules from nine plants using high-throughput DNA sequencing. Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains occurred in high abundance in all root nodules despite the presence of other soybean-compatible rhizobia, such as Ensifer, Mesorhizobium, and other species of Bradyrhizobium in soil. Nitrobacter and Tardiphaga were the two nonrhizobial genera that were uniformly detected within almost all root nodules, though they were in low abundance. DNA sequences related to other NREs that have frequently been reported, such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Variovorax species, were detected in a few nodules. Unlike for Bradyrhizobium, the low abundance and inconsistent occurrence of previously reported NREs among different root nodules within single plants suggest that these microbes are not preferentially selected as endophytes by host plants and most likely play a limited part in plant growth as endophytes. IMPORTANCE Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a valuable food crop that also contributes significantly to soil nitrogen by developing a symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Bacterial endophytes (both rhizobial and nonrhizobial) are considered critical for the growth and resilience of the legume host. In the past, several studies have suggested that the selection of bacterial endophytes within root nodules can be influenced by factors such as soil pH, nutrient availability, host plant genotype, and bacterial diversity in soil. However, the influence of size or location of root nodules on the selection of bacterial endophytes within soybean roots is unknown. It is also unclear whether the selection of nonrhizobial endophytes within different root nodules of a single plant is a random process or is strictly regulated by the host. This information can be useful in identifying potential bacterial species for developing bioinoculants that can enhance plant growth and soil nitrogen.