cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing an undergraduate information studies curriculum in support of social justice

Through a review of the current state of Library and Information Studies (LIS) undergraduate education and the orientation of sample programs at consortium member iSchools, this article proposes an alternative pedagogical model that foregrounds the integration of a critical, social justice framework into undergraduate curricula. Based on an initial study conducted at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) by the authors and other participants of the Winter/Spring 2015 Teacher Training Seminar, this essay, in addition to positing an approach towards the building of critically engaged undergraduate curriculum, moreover highlights the increasing need and support for LIS students and professionals that have a nuanced information praxis. Inspired by UCLA’s own commitment to a social justice orientation, the authors also point towards existing advocacy for social justice in LIS undergraduate education in the field and professional literature. In turn, underscoring the broader movement for a critical education and practice within LIS.
Semiotics in Mathematics Education: Topological Foundations and Diagrammatic Methods

The question of mathematical pedagogy depends on the perceptual and intellectual capacities of teachers and students on the one hand and on the intrinsic demands for abstract understanding and rigorous formal proof on the other. The chapter sketches a semiotic sequence from metaphysics through category theory to topology to applied topology; and revisits the philosophies of Plato, Deleuze and others to elucidate the relevant mathematical problematics. While mathematics is intrinsically caught up in the dialectic of sense and idea, edusemiotics takes this distinctive feature of conceptual knowledge and learning into account. The use of diagrams as a semiotic tool is shown to be an essential component of any mathematics teaching and learning. An edusemiotic approach to processes of teaching and learning mathematics demonstrates that topological concepts of continuity and free variation support a diagrammatic framework for experimenting with and appropriating mathematical knowledge. This framework, consistent with the intuitive approach and formal notation of category theory, helps cultivate both ‘upward’ and ‘downward’ transits between abstract and concrete domains.
PERTINENT FACTORS IN THE PROTECTION OF THE GULF COAST

Protection of the U. S. shores of the Gulf of Mexico against erosion or damage by waves, currents, or other littoral forces involves unique physical and economic conditions that make this area quite different from other shore regions. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss these conditions and the factors that contribute to them.
Non-targeted Plasma Metabolome of Early and Late Lactation Gilts

Female pigs nursing their first litter (first-parity gilts) have increased energy requirements not only to support their piglets, but they themselves are still maturing. Non-targeted plasma metabolomics were used to investigate the differences between 1) post-farrowing and weaning (early or late lactation), 2) degree of body condition loss after lactation (extreme or minimal), and 3) interactions; to potentially identify compounds or pathways that could aide in alleviating energetic demands of lactation in gilts. Twenty first-parity gilts were selected with similar (P ≥ 0.4475) number of piglets born and nursed, and similar (P ≥ 0.3141) body condition traits (e.g. body weight and backfat thickness) post-farrowing, yet exhibited minimal or extreme loss (P ≤ 0.0094) in body weight (8.6 ± 1.48 kg and 26.1 ± 1.90 kg, respectively) and backfat thickness (1.3 ± 0.67 mm and 4.7 ± 0.86 mm, respectively) following lactation (weaning). Plasma samples from first-parity gilts at post-farrowing and weaning were investigated using UPLC-MS and GC-MS to generate a comprehensive metabolic profile. Each approach yielded approximately 700 detected compounds. An ANOVA was performed on each detected compound in R for time of collection, body condition change, and the interaction, followed by a false discovery correction. Two unknown compounds were different (P ≤ 0.05) for extreme versus minimal body condition change. Several compound differences (P ≤ 0.05) were identified between post-farrowing and weaning. Thirty-two compounds detected by UPLC-MS had at least a log2 fold-change of ±1.0 while only 18 compounds had a log2 fold-change of ±0.6 for the significant GC-MS compounds. Annotation implicated various metabolic pathways. Creatinine was greater at weaning (P = 0.0224) and others have reported increased serum concentrations of creatinine in response to body weight loss. Hippurate and caprolactam, associated with protein catabolism, were also greater (P ≤ 0.0166) at weaning. Phospholipid compounds (P ≤ 0.0347) and inositol-related compounds (P ≤ 0.0236) were also greater at weaning. Inositol compounds may exert insulin-like effects. The energetic demands of lactation in gilts nursing their first litter indicated a greater difference exists between early and late lactation regardless of body condition loss.
Quantitative optical spectroscopy and imaging for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring

During cancer development, progression and therapy, tissues undergo enormous changes in their physiological and morphological properties, including angiogenesis, hypoxia, alterations in cell nuclear size and density, and denaturation. The ability to measure these biomarkers noninvasively has great clinical values in early detection of cancer and treatment evaluation. Quantitative optical spectroscopy and imaging are noninvasive techniques that are highly sensitive to the biochemical alterations in tissue compositions through the interaction between photons and endogenous molecules in tissues. In this talk I will present three optical spectroscopy and imaging tools being developed in the Biophotonics Laboratory at The University of Akron for cancer detection and therapeutic monitoring. The first technique, called VIS-DRS, acquires diffuse reflectance spectra in the visible band and employs a Monte Carlo inverse model to extract the tissue contents and scattering properties. The VIS-DRS are employed for oral and cervical cancer detection, monitoring of thermal ablation of solid tumors and intraoperative imaging of breast tumor margins during breast conserving surgery. The second technique, called FD-NIRS, detects intensity-modulated diffuse reflectance in the near-infrared region, through a side-firing fiber optic sensor. The FD-NIRS is an ideal in vivo tool for longitudinal monitoring of tumor hypoxia and its response to chemo- and radiotherapy. The third tool is a microendoscope system, named SmartME, which integrates VIS-DRS and high resolution fluorescence imaging into a smartphone platform. The SmatME creates an affordable, easy-to-use and globally-connected solution for oral and cervical cancer screening in low-resource settings.
The Tea Party Movement in The United States: Democracy in Action or Democracy in Disarray

Abstract The Tea Party Movement is a relatively recent and quite significant phenomenon in American politics. It is committed to smaller government, decentralized government and lower government expenditures. It strives to force the Republican Party to be staunchly conservative by challenging more moderate Republicans in primary elections. The group is particularly hostile toward President Obama and for some of its members, racism seems a likely cause. Despite their professed veneration of the Constitution’s Framers, some Tea Party spokespersons seem unfamiliar with the Framers’ intentions and even with some aspects of the Constitution itself. The Founding Fathers struck many compromises at the Constitutional Convention and explicitly included the “necessary and proper” clause – which has occasionally resulted in an expansion of the national government’s powers ‒ in Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution. Tea Partiers, on the other hand, are loath to compromise and insist erroneously that only explicitly granted powers may be exercised by the President and Congress. Therefore, they have contributed to governmental gridlock and to political acrimony. Keywords: Tea Party, electoral politics, Barack Obama, Framers’ intentions, Constitutional confusion, original intent, necessary and proper clause ----- Bibliography: Gilbert, Robert E.: The Tea Party Movement in The United States: Democracy in Action or Democracy in Disarray, PCS, 1-2-2015, pp. 107-126. https://doi.org/10.3224/pcs.v6i1-2.08
#Londonsburning: Integrating Geographic, Topical and Social Information during Crisis

Social media, such as microblogging, is a potentially powerful medium through which the city and its citizens can connect, particularly during times of crisis or extreme events. Yet neither the city nor its citizens are monolithic entities. We propose methods to integrate geographic, topical, and social information and behavior to improve situational understanding throughout the city, and enable more effective public and official response. We demonstrate this approach using Twitter data from the 2011 London riots.
A zone-heated gas chromatographic microcolumn: Energy efficiency

Abstract A microfabricated separation column designed for ultimate use in a wearable gas chromatographic micro-analytical system (μGC) for analyzing mixtures of airborne volatile organic compounds (VOC) is described. The monolithic μcolumn chip measures 7.1 × 2.7 × 0.075 cm and contains a 6-m long, 250 × 140 μm deep-reactive-ion-etched Si channel with a Pyrex cap, wall-coated with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stationary phase. Along the channel are three serial 2-m long spiral segments, each with an independent integrated resistive heater and thermal isolation features etched in the substrate. By turning the segment heaters on and off at strategic points during a separation, significant energy savings could be realized relative to heating the entire chip simultaneously (i.e., globally), with no loss in chromatographic resolution. A classical lumped element model was used as the basis for simulations of energy consumption, and a published band trajectory model was used to estimate analyte residence times in each segment. Four simple mixtures of volatile organic chemicals were used to evaluate the models and assess the energy consumed for zone heating and global heating under isothermal and temperature-ramped conditions. Modeled reductions in the required energy per analysis using zone (vs. global) heating ranged from 14 to 31% among the cases considered, depending on the heating profile (i.e., isothermal or ramped), heating schedule, and the retention times of the analytes in the mixture. Modeled energy reductions tended to underestimate experimental reductions, but differed by
Untangling the methane chemistry in interstellar and solar system ices toward ionizing radiation: a combined infrared and reflectron time-of-flight analysis

Pure methane (CH4/CD4) ices were exposed to three ionizing radiation sources at 5.5 K under ultrahigh vacuum conditions to compare the complex hydrocarbon spectrum produced across several interstellar environments. These irradiation sources consisted of energetic electrons to simulate secondary electrons formed in the track of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), Lyman α (10.2 eV; 121.6 nm) photons simulated the internal VUV field in a dense cloud, and broadband (112.7-169.8 nm; 11.0-7.3 eV) photons which mimic the interstellar ultra-violet field. The in situ chemical evolution of the ices was monitored via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and during heating via mass spectrometry utilizing a quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electron impact ionization source (EI-QMS) and a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a photoionization source (PI-ReTOF-MS). The FTIR analysis detected six small hydrocarbon products from the three different irradiation sources: propane [C3H8(C3D8)], ethane [C2H6(C2D6)], the ethyl radical [C2H5(C2D5)], ethylene [C2H4(C2D4)], acetylene [C2H2(C2D2)], and the methyl radical [CH3(CD3)]. The sensitive PI-ReTOF-MS analysis identified a complex array of products with different products being detected between experiments with general formulae: CnH2n+2 (n = 4-8), CnH2n (n = 3-9), CnH2n-2 (n = 3-9), CnH2n-4 (n = 4-9), and CnH2n-6 (n = 6-7) from electron irradiation and CnH2n+2 (n = 4-8), CnH2n (n = 3-10), CnH2n-2 (n = 3-11), CnH2n-4 (n = 4-11), CnH2n-6 (n = 5-11), and CnH2n-8 (n = 6-11) from broadband photolysis and Lyman α photolysis. These experiments show that even the simplest hydrocarbon can produce important complex hydrocarbons such as C3H4 and C4H6 isomers. Distinct isomers from these groups have been shown to be important reactants in the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like indene (C9H8) and naphthalene (C10H8) under interstellar conditions.
Do pregnancy characteristics contribute to rising childhood cancer incidence rates in the United States

Background Since 1975, childhood cancer incidence rates have gradually increased in the United States; however, few studies have conducted analyses across time to unpack this temporal rise. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that increasing cancer incidence rates are due to secular trends in pregnancy characteristics that are established risk factors for childhood cancer incidence including older maternal age, higher birthweight, and lower birth order. We also considered temporal trends in sociodemographic characteristics including race/ethnicity and poverty. Procedure We conducted a time series county-level ecologic analysis using linked population-based data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries (1975-2013), birth data from the National Center for Health Statistics (1970-2013), and sociodemographic data from the US Census (1970-2010). We estimated unadjusted and adjusted average annual percent changes (AAPCs) in incidence of combined (all diagnoses) and individual types of cancer among children, ages 0-4 years, from Poisson mixed models. Results There was a statistically significant unadjusted temporal rise in incidence of combined childhood cancers (AAPC = 0.71%; 95% CI = 0.55-0.86), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (0.78%; 0.49-1.07), acute myeloid leukemia (1.86%; 1.13-2.59), central nervous system tumors (1.31%; 0.94-1.67), and hepatoblastoma (2.70%; 1.68-3.72). Adjustment for county-level maternal age reduced estimated AAPCs between 8% (hepatoblastoma) and 55% (combined). However, adjustment for other county characteristics did not attenuate AAPCs, and AAPCs remained significantly above 0% in models fully adjusted for county-level characteristics. Conclusion Although rising maternal age may account for some of the increase in childhood cancer incidence over time, other factors, not considered in this analysis, may also contribute to temporal trends.
Identifying optimal remotely-sensed variables for ecosystem monitoring in Colorado Plateau drylands

Abstract Water-limited ecosystems often recover slowly following anthropogenic or natural disturbance. Multitemporal remote sensing can be used to monitor ecosystem recovery after disturbance; however, dryland vegetation cover can be challenging to accurately measure due to sparse cover and spectral confusion between soils and non-photosynthetic vegetation. With the goal of optimizing a monitoring approach for identifying both abrupt and gradual vegetation changes, we evaluated the ability of Landsat-derived spectral variables to characterize surface variability of vegetation cover and bare ground across a range of vegetation community types. Using three year composites of Landsat data, we modeled relationships between spectral information and field data collected at monitoring sites near Canyonlands National Park, UT. We also developed multiple regression models to assess improvement over single variables. We found that for all vegetation types, percent cover bare ground could be accurately modeled with single indices that included a combination of red and shortwave infrared bands, while near infrared-based vegetation indices like NDVI worked best for quantifying tree cover and total live vegetation cover in woodlands. We applied four models to characterize the spatial distribution of putative grassland ecological states across our study area, illustrating how this approach can be implemented to guide dryland ecosystem management.
Identifying biomass burning impacts on air quality in Southeast Texas 26–29 August 2011 using satellites, models and surface data

Abstract. In this paper, we examine the influence of transported emissions from biomass burning (BB) in regions upwind of the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) area on O3 and precursors during the period 26–29 August 2011 using remotely-sensed satellite retrievals from GOES13, MODIS, AIRS and CALIOP. Multiple instruments observed high aerosol optical depth in HGB on 26 August. Surface measurement networks and model estimates (CMAQ, NAAPS) confirm presence of aerosols, smoke and CO along with elevated amounts of O3. Trajectory models (HYSPLIT, BAMGOMAS) trace air masses to possible sources of BB emissions in the Mississippi delta and other upwind regions. Results demonstrate emissions from BB in upwind areas likely contributed to enhanced O3 and precursor concentrations measured by surface monitors in HGB which were characterized by enhancements of 63–71 ppb in daily maximum 1-hr O3 at the Houston East monitor on 26 Aug compared to 21–25 Aug. This study demonstrates an approach to identifying biomass burning influences on high ozone events which may be useful in determining compliance with EPA NAAQS.
Leadership Reflections: Leadership Paradoxes

ABSTRACTLeadership faces a number of paradoxes that can be challenging and confusing, particularly as individuals take on new leadership roles. Employees want leaders to be decisive but participatory in decision making, focused on big pictures but contribute to detailed discussions, and engage but not micromanage. It is confusing as mixed messages are given to leaders and the opinions of employees vary, creating a situation in which it is difficult for leaders to fully understand employee expectations. Leaders not only need to understand these paradoxes but develop methods to balance employee expectations and communication strategies that help employees appreciate the balancing act that each leader must develop.
An introduction to languages of the world

This book first appeared in 1997. Now thoroughly refined and updated, yet with almost no increase in length (the original had eight fewer pages), its second edition warrants a fresh evaluation.Inte...
A longitudinal study of interest and membership in a fraternity, rape myth acceptance, and proclivity to perpetrate sexual assault.

Objective: This study explored the relation between interest and membership in a fraternity and acceptance of sexual violence (eg, rape myth acceptance, proclivity to perpetrate sexual aggression) ...
Nuit Debout| Up All Night, Down for the Count? A Compositionist Approach to Nuit Debout

Nuit Debout is/was, if anything, a furtive phenomenon. How do we account for the emergence, withdrawal, and stuttering attempted returns of Nuit Debout? Nuit Debout needs to be analyzed, and yet its existence confounds analysis. Its operational tactic (intense actions while up all night, then dispersal) defies usual characterization as a social movement. This was compounded by its overall timeline: a rapid upsurge followed by stunning disappearance. What conceptual tools do we have to make sense of the milieu out of which Nuit Debout emerged? And what do media ecologies have to do with it? This article undertakes such an analysis by developing a theoretical framework around social bodies, compositionism, and social reproduction. It draws from autonomist social theory to address what is, or was, Nuit Debout.
Reinforcing the social compromise of accelerated approval.

Accelerated approval enables investigational drugs to reach the US market on the basis of their demonstrated effects in unvalidated surrogate measures, only reasonably likely to predict clinical response. To fulfil the social compromise, regulators should ensure that confirmatory trials testing clinically meaningful end points are already underway at the time of approval.
Trial By Jury Involving Persons Accused of Terrorism or Supporting Terrorism

This chapter explores issues in jury trials involving persons accused of committing acts of international terrorism or financially or otherwise supporting those who do or may commit such acts. The jury is a unique institution that draws upon laypersons to decide whether a person charged with a crime is guilty or innocent. Although the jury is instructed and guided by a trial judge and procedural rules shape what the jury is allowed to hear, ultimately the laypersons deliberate alone and render their verdict. A basic principle of the jury system is that at the start of trial the jurors should have open minds and regard the accused innocent until proven guilty. The chapter raises issues about jurors' assumptions of innocence in the aftermath of terrorist bombings in the United States, England, Bali, Spain and elsewhere when persons are persons accused of committing acts of terrorism or indirectly supporting terrorists through financing organizations associated with terrorism. A study of a United States trial involving charges of supporting terrorism is used to illustrate the problem, but the thesis of this chapter is that the basic issues apply to trials that might be held in England, Australia, Canada or other countries with jury systems.
Finite nilpotent group actions on finite complexes

Under certain connectivity and nilpotence hypotheses the group actions of the title are classified (modulo a K 0 ∼ obstruction) up to concordance by the p-localizations of the actions of the p-Sylow subgroups. Smith theory implies that the equivariant homotopy class of these localizations are concordance invariant. Our conclusion is that the original action can be reconstructed, up to concordance, from these localizations.
Characteristics of obese children aged 1-4 years at a referral clinic.

Objective To describe characteristics and indicators of nutritional status of young, obese children. Study Design Medical records of 135 children aged 1–4 years seen in an urban referral setting between January 2000 and June 2006 were reviewed. Characteristics associated with severe obesity [percent ideal body weight (%IBW) ≥160%] were determined. Relationships between %IBW, weight-for-height Z score (WHZ), body mass index (BMI) and BMI Z score (BMIZ) were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic analyses evaluated BMI values classifying severe and moderate (140–159% IBW) obesity. Results Children were: 41% male, 71% Hispanic, 76% Medic-aid/uninsured, 64% ever breastfed, had median BMI of 25.0 kg/m 2 and median %IBW of 159. Fifty-two percent of mothers had BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 . Severely obese children more frequently had an obese mother, birthweight ≥4 kg, were older, male, never breastfed and reported higher juice intake. WHZ and BMIZ were lowest at 4 years; BMI and %IBW were lowest at 1 year. %IBW and BMI were highly correlated. BMI ≥22.2 kg/ m 2 indicated moderate obesity (sensitivity=0.90, specificity=0.93), and BMI ≥25.0 kg/m 2 indicated severe obesity (sensitivity=0.97, specificity=0.92). Conclusion Few current health behaviors and many family or past risk factors were associated with degree of obesity. %IBW and BMI may be the most useful nutritional status measures to track progress in young, obese children.
Antecedents and Consequences of Overqualification, Job Status and Job Field Underemployment

We find ourselves in the midst of an economic crisis evidenced by record unemployment rates and notable social and political unrest. Within the crisis, underemployment is often under-reported and n...
Type VI collagen promotes lung epithelial cell spreading and wound-closure.

Basement membrane (BM) is an essential part of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that plays a crucial role in mechanical support and signaling to epithelial cells during lung development, homeostasis and repair. Abnormal composition and remodeling of the lung ECM have been associated with developmental abnormalities observed in multiple pediatric and adult respiratory diseases. Collagen VI (COL6) is a well-studied muscle BM component, but its role in the lung and its effect on pulmonary epithelium is largely undetermined. We report the presence of COLVI immediately subjacent to human airway and alveolar epithelium in the pediatric lung, in a location where it is likely to interact with epithelial cells. In vitro, both primary human lung epithelial cells and human lung epithelial cell lines displayed an increased rate of “wound healing” in response to a scratch injury when plated on COL6 as compared to other matrices. For the 16HBE cell line, wounds remained >5-fold larger for cells on COL1 (p 6-fold larger on matrigel (p 96% closure at 10 hr). The effect of COL6 upon lung epithelial cell phenotype was associated with an increase in cell spreading. Three hours after initial plating, 16HBE cells showed >7-fold less spreading on matrigel (p 4-fold less spreading on COL1 (p<0.01) when compared to COL6. Importantly, the addition of COL6 to other matrices also enhanced cell spreading. Similar responses were observed for primary cells. Inhibitor studies indicated both integrin β1 activity and activation of multiple signaling pathways was required for enhanced spreading on all matrices, with the PI3K/AKT pathway (PI3K, CDC42, RAC1) showing both significant and specific effects for spreading on COL6. Genetic gain-of-function experiments demonstrated enhanced PI3K/AKT pathway activity was sufficient to confer equivalent cell spreading on other matrices as compared to COL6. We conclude that COL6 has significant and specific effects upon human lung epithelial cell-autonomous functions.
Ethical Conduct of Research in Children: Pediatricians and Their IRB (Part 1 of 2)

As human experimentation continues to grow into an ever more complex and sophisticated endeavor, the relevant ethical and regulatory structures become more intricate. When pediatricians and general practitioners are invited by pharmaceutical companies to enroll their offices in a clinical trial or a multicenter observational study or when they develop their own research questions, they frequently find themselves at a loss in the human research environment. The legal and regulatory complexity may have an unintended deterring effect at a time when office-based high quality pediatric research is urgently needed to support evidence-based medicine. Unfortunately, in many instances, unaware practitioners become involved in low-risk research activities without knowing it and become entangled in legal, auditing, and compliance procedures. This paper, written in 2 parts, aims at providing a general guidance on the principles that regulate human research with a focus on pediatrics. Part 1 discusses the history, the legal framework, and the consent process and highlights some practical aspects of initial protocol submission, continued review, and institutional review board determinations with the main focus on multicenter clinical trials (industry-sponsored research). Part 2 focuses on pediatric research regulation, also known as subpart-D, and minimal risk research, which encompasses many research activities aimed at addressing questions that may emerge in pediatricians' practices (investigator-initiated research).
Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Therapy in PCI

Advances in drug stent-eluting technology, antiplatelet pharmacotherapy, and novel parenteral and oral anticoagulants have led to a constant evolution in periprocedural antithrombotic strategy. The following chapter outlines our cardiac catheterization laboratory’s current approach to antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy in various clinical settings based on current guidelines, data, and expert opinion.
Leveraging sub-E0 dose assessment methodology to improve EUV lithography cluster dose performance

The effective dose delivered by an EUV lithography cluster is composite function of the dose provided by the scanner EUV radiation source and illuminator, the reflectance of the EUV mask, the transmission of the scanner projection optics and the PEB conditions experienced by the EUV sensitive imaging resist. Open frame test wafer exposures and the sub-E0 analysis technique described at SPIE2018 have been adopted to characterize and monitor the impact of the factors above on the effective dose stability and uniformity. Wafer exposure sequences and layouts, and the details of the analysis methodology were customized to study adverse dose factors in each of the areas described above.
Synthesis, pharmacological evaluations, and molecular docking studies on a new 1,3,4,11b-tetrahydro-1H-fluoreno[9,1-cd]azepine framework: Rigidification of D1 receptor selective 1-phenylbenzazepines and discovery of a new 5-HT6 receptor scaffold.

The novel 1,3,4,11b-tetrahydro-1H-fluoreno[9,1-cd]azepine framework, a structurally rigidified variant of the 1-phenylbenzazepine template, was synthesized via direct arylation as a key reaction. Evaluation of the binding affinities of the rigidified compounds across a battery of serotonin, dopamine, and adrenergic receptors indicates that this scaffold unexpectedly has minimal affinity for D1 and other dopamine receptors and is selective for the 5-HT6 receptor. The affinity of these systems at the 5-HT6 receptor is significantly influenced by electronic and hydrophobic interactions as well as the enhanced rigidity of the ligands. Molecular docking studies indicate that the reduced D1 receptor affinity of the rigidified compounds may be due in part to weaker H-bonding interactions between the oxygenated moieties on the compounds and specific receptor residues. Key receptor-ligand H-bonding interactions, salt bridges, and π-π interactions appear to be responsible for the 5-HT6 receptor affinity of the compounds. Compounds 10 (6,7-dimethoxy-2,3,4,11b-tetrahydro-1H-fluoreno[9,1-cd]azepine) and 12 (6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-2,3,4,11b-tetrahydro-1H-fluoreno[9,1-cd]azepine) have been identified as structurally novel, high affinity (Ki = 5 nM), selective 5-HT6 receptor ligands.
Who is Teaching California School Administrators? A Profile of California Professors of Educational Administration:

This study reports findings of a survey of California Professors of Educational Administration. Surveys were mailed to 160 California Professors of Educational Administration.The survey was intende...
Abstract 24: Transesophageal Echocardiography and Risk of Acute Respiratory Failure in Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

Introduction: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is often used as an adjunct to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to identify sources of cardiac embolism after ischemic stroke and transient ...
A Theoretical Framework for Estimating the Rate of Return to a Pharmacy Education Anywhere

Undertaking a pharmacy education is an investment in human capital. Candidates trade off present versus future costs and benefits. They make this investment with the expectation of earning enough income throughout their worklives to make their undertaking financially worthwhile. Whether or not this occurs is determined by the rate of return. The aim of the current study was to construct a theoretical model to estimate the rate of return to a pharmacy education investment. Specifications for model assumptions, inputs, and outputs are discussed. The outputs are the rates of return, the inputs are the costs and benefits of a pharmacy education, and the assumptions illustrate the circumstances of the individual or group for whom the model is built. The rate of return is the annual percentage that equates the streams of benefits and costs over the investment span. The higher the value of the rate of return to a pharmacy education is, the more profitable is the investment. This theoretical model may be used to estimate the financial viability of pharmacy and compare it to the viability of other professions or to the viability of pharmacy among various locations.
Abstract 3364: Preclinical evaluation of BiTE®immune therapy targeting MUC17 or CLDN18.2 for gastric cancer

Advanced gastric cancer remains a disease of high unmet medical need. In the United States, most patients present with symptomatic, incurable disease and prognosis is poor, with a 5‐year survival rate of less than 10%. BiTE® (bispecific T cell engager) immune therapy activates a patient9s own T cells to kill tumor cells and has the potential to overcome common mechanisms of therapy resistance. We generated fully human, half-life extended (HLE) BiTE® molecules against the tumor antigens MUC17 and CLDN18.2 for the treatment of gastric cancer. The mucin MUC17 is a protein normally found in the mucosal layer of intestinal epithelial cells that is delocalized and expressed in 45% of gastric tumors. The claudin CLDN18.2 is a protein normally found in the cellular tight junctions of gastric mucosa and intestinal epithelium that is delocalized and expressed in >60% of gastric tumors. AMG 199 (MUC17 HLE BiTE®) and AMG 910 (CLDN18.2 HLE BiTE®) show potent cytotoxic activity against gastric cancer cell lines that express MUC17 or CLDN18.2, respectively, in vitro, and promote significant tumor growth inhibition against established gastric tumor xenograft models in vivo. In preclinical non-human primate (NHP) toxicology studies, both molecules show evidence for BiTE® target engagement, including T cell activation and proliferation, but demonstrate different effects on target-expressing tissue. Weekly administration of AMG 199 is well tolerated in NHP with minimal findings in MUC17-expressing normal tissues. In contrast, treatment with AMG 910 led to direct cell killing of CLDN18.2-expressing gastric mucosal cells in NHP, a finding which was fully reversible once treatment was stopped. AMG 199 and AMG 910 may offer the potential to improve outcomes in advanced gastric patients worldwide. Citation Format: Julie M. Bailis, Petra Lutterbuese, Oliver Thomas, Kathrin Locher, John Harrold, Michael Boyle, Joachim Wahl, Shyun Li, Alexander Sternjak, Anja Henn, Christoph Dahlhoff, Virginie Naegele, Benno Rattel, Tobias Raum, Angela Coxon. Preclinical evaluation of BiTE®immune therapy targeting MUC17 or CLDN18.2 for gastric cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3364.
Testing homogeneity in dynamic discrete games in finite samples

The literature on dynamic discrete games often assumes that the conditional choice probabilities and the state transition probabilities are homogeneous across markets and over time. We refer to this as the "homogeneity assumption" in dynamic discrete games. This homogeneity assumption enables empirical studies to estimate the game's structural parameters by pooling data from multiple markets and from many time periods. In this paper, we propose a hypothesis test to evaluate whether the homogeneity assumption holds in the data. Our hypothesis is the result of an approximate randomization test, implemented via a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. We show that our hypothesis test becomes valid as the (user-defined) number of MCMC draws diverges, for any fixed number of markets, time-periods, and players. We apply our test to the empirical study of the U.S. Portland cement industry in Ryan (2012).
Real time prediction of internal temperature of heat generating bodies using neural network

Abstract Heat generating bodies are typically immersed in surrounding fluid that acts as a coolant, either though forced or natural convection. For safe operation, the heat generated should be transferred to the surrounding fluid at a rate that is required to maintain the internal temperature below a critical value. In cases such as nuclear fuel rods and lithium-ion batteries, it is very difficult to install conventional measuring devices like thermocouples and pyrometers inside the heated equipment to monitor the internal operating temperature and trigger warnings when it reaches the critical point. It is however relatively easy to measure the temperature of the surrounding coolant in which they are immersed. From these measurements, the temperature distribution inside the equipment can be estimated using inverse techniques. Inverse analysis can generate data that provides insight into thermal behavior of equipment and help detect overheating events so that corrective action may be taken. A generic and novel framework for conducting inverse analysis to predict internal temperature of cylindrical heat generating bodies has been developed and validated with experimental setup. Simulation-based inverse analysis techniques require large computation effort for complex geometries and high-fidelity models, which make them impractical for real time applications. To circumvent this, a neural network-based model was utilized for predicting temperature inside the system in lieu of a high-fidelity simulation model. Training data was generated through high fidelity simulation using OPENFOAM with an axi-symmetric model. The approach was applied to an experimental setup using a cartridge heater as a representation of a heat generating rod. The coolant height and temperature measured in fluid region was given as input to a trained neural network model to predict surface temperature and inside temperature of the heat generating rod. Inversely predicted temperature was in good agreement with experiment data over wide range of power input. In addition, temperature obtained from this model was used to display in real time on an augmented reality device, which could allow field workers to easily monitor in the field. Novelty of this framework is that the measured coolant temperature in which the heat generating body is immersed is used as input for the rapid and accurate inverse prediction of internal temperature.
Design and calibration of capacitive sensors for measuring void fraction in vertical headers of microchannel heat exchangers

Abstract This paper presents new capacitive sensors built and calibrated to measure cross-sectional void fraction between tubes in vertical headers of microchannel heat exchangers (MCHEs). Eleven individual sensors are assembled into one test header to measure local capacitance independently in real-time. A calibration procedure based on visualization, pressure drop, signal patterns, and mass measurement (quick-closing valve technique, QCV) is proposed. After the calibration, most void fraction data predicted by all eleven sensors fall into ±10% deviations of the experimental results by QCV. The sensors are ready to be utilized to measure local void fraction along vertical inlet or intermediate headers of MCHEs in future studies.
Simulations of the shock-driven Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in inclined gas curtains

In this paper, we present simulation results for the two-dimensional, shock-driven Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Simulations are performed with a Mach 2.0 shock propagating through a finite-thickness curtain of gas inclined at an angle α 0 = 30 ° with respect to the shock plane. After the passage of the shock, the gas curtain is accelerated along its axis. A perturbation develops due to shock reflection near the lower wall, and a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability forms near the vertical center of the curtain. This is the first known numerical reproduction of these phenomena that have previously been observed in experiments with an inclined cylindrical gas column. The effects of varying Mach number and column width were explored in detail to complement experimental data. The dependence of the Kelvin–Helmholtz wavelength on Mach number closely matches the relationship observed in experiments. This supports the notion that the observed instability is effectively two-dimensional and inviscid (like classical Kelvin–Helmholtz). The growth rate of the perturbations in the gas curtain was also found to be similar for different Mach numbers. The perturbation at the curtain foot, previously unreported in experiments, was found to have a similar relationship to Mach number as the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Both perturbation wavelengths are found to be proportional to layer width. Simulations were performed with the fast interfaces and transport in the atmosphere, an exascale ready, graphics processing unit-accelerated compressible flow solver developed at the University of New Mexico.
A Clinical Update on Antiplatelet Therapy in Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke

Antiplatelet therapy remains the standard of care in secondary stroke prevention for non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. We aim to examine the use of antiplatelet agents in secondary prevention through highlighting relevant clinical trials and meta-analyses as well as providing commentary regarding our practice. In the POINT and CHANCE trials, dual antiplatelet therapy reduced recurrent stroke compared to aspirin monotherapy. Sub-analyses of these trials suggest that genetic polymorphisms could play a role in diminishing the effectiveness of clopidogrel. Similarly, THALES demonstrated better outcomes with ticagrelor-aspirin combination therapy over aspirin monotherapy. Combination antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and the P2Y12 inhibitors, clopidogrel and ticagrelor, reduced stroke recurrence in those presenting with mild ischemic stroke or high risk TIA. Genetic polymorphisms may play a role in determining the appropriate regimen. Questions remain regarding the optimal duration of combination antiplatelet therapy for various stroke etiologies.
CT Findings of Firework Injuries to the Head and Neck.

Objectives The purpose of this study is to review the CT imaging findings of injuries in the head and neck caused by fireworks through a case series. Methods The imaging database from the University of Chicago Medicine was searched with "fireworks," "firecrackers," and "mortar" as keywords and CT as the imaging modality. Cases without acute CT findings or initial CT scans were excluded. Results Eighteen cases with acute CT findings of head and neck firework injuries were identified and included. The associated injuries included skull fractures (5, 28%), ocular injuries (7, 39%), soft tissue trauma (18, 100%), retained foreign bodies (8, 44%), and intracranial trauma (2, 11%). Conclusions Fireworks can cause injuries of varying severity in the head and neck, including blunt and penetrating trauma, that warrant CT evaluation.
Factors associated with seizures at initial presentation in pediatric patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations

Objective Children with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can present with seizures, potentially increasing morbidity and impacting clinical management. However, the factors that lead to seizures as a presenting sign are not well defined. While AVM-related seizures have been described in case series, most studies have focused on adults and have included patients who developed seizures after an AVM rupture. To address this, the authors sought to analyze demographic and morphological characteristics of AVMs in a large cohort of children. Methods The demographic, clinical, and AVM morphological characteristics of 189 pediatric patients from a single-center database were studied. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the effect of these characteristics on seizures as an initial presenting symptom in patients with unruptured brain AVMs. Results Overall, 28 of 189 patients initially presented with seizures (14.8%). By univariate comparison, frontal lobe location (p = 0.02), larger AVM size (p = 0.003), older patient age (p = 0.04), and the Supplemented Spetzler-Martin (Supp-SM) grade (0.0006) were associated with seizure presentation. Multivariate analysis confirmed an independent effect of frontal lobe AVM location and higher Supp-SM grade. All patients presenting with seizures had AVMs in the cortex or subcortical white matter. Conclusions While children and adults share some risk factors for seizure presentation, their risk factor profiles do not entirely overlap. Pediatric patients with cortical AVMs in the frontal lobe were more likely to present with seizures. Additionally, the Supp-SM grade was highly associated with seizure presentation. Future clinical research should focus on the effect of therapeutic interventions targeting AVMs on seizure control in these patients.
Long term follow up after resection of a thalamic cavernous malformation in an 8-year-old boy

Abstract An 8-year-old boy presented with progressive left-sided weakness due to a large thalamic cavernous malformation (CM) that did not have a developmental venous anomaly. It was resected under evoked potentials monitoring. The operation was uneventful until, for no identifiable reason, the motor evoked potentials were lost towards the end of the resection. Four years later, the motor function in his hand was worse but his leg strength was better than before surgery. His sensory exam was normal. An MRI at 4 years post operation showed complete resection without a definite substrate for the increase in his hand weakness. The child had adapted well to his deficit, was happy and developing normally in all spheres. This case, along with the other 10 reported worldwide, suggests that the outcome of surgical resection, even if a new limited motor deficit ensues, is better than the natural history of the disease. We also discuss the operative decision making after the loss of the motor evoked potentials.
Rare Association of Chiari’s Network and Ventricular Arrhythmias in a Late Premature Neonate

To the Editor : A late preterm 35-wk-old girl, with intrauterine growth restriction was admitted to our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for suspected sepsis on account of prematurity and hypoglycemia. Irregular heart rate was noted on routine physical exam on 5th day of life; vitals were normal. Electrocardiogram (EKG) showed premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in bigeminy; which spontaneously resolved. Echocardiogram showed small patent foramen ovale (PFO) with left to right shunt and prominent Chiari’s network. On 18th day of life, the patient developed tachycardia which was noticed on continuous cardiac monitoring. EKG showed ventricular tachycardia (mistakenly the on-call team thought it was supraventricular tachycardia SVT) (Fig. 1). During this episode, the patient remained hemodynamically stable, and the ventricular tachycardia was converted to normal sinus rhythm after giving the third dose of adenosine. The baby was discharged home on 22nd day of life without medications. At the 2 mo follow up, no further SVT or other arrhythmias were reported. In addition, Chiari’s network had spontaneously resolved. Chiari network is a congenital remnant of fetal membrane in the right atrium. Prajapat et al. described abnormal atrial depolarization in a patient with Chiari’s network which is a predictor for risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) [1]. Atrial fibrillation induced by Chiari’s network may be refractory to medical treatment and requires surgical excision of the network for cure [2, 3]. Despite the association of Chiari’s network and supraventricular tachyarrhythmia including SVT and atrial fibrillation being well described in literature, yet no such association has been mentioned with ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore, our case is the first case in literature highlighting the association of Chiari’s network and ventricular arrhythmia (VT and bigeminy rhythm). We think our case may further support Dominguez EF et al. postulation that insufficient absorption of Chiari’s network may occur in conjunction with abnormalities in cardiac rhythm [4]. Additionally, our case responded to adenosine. Thus, in case of non-availability of standard of care, adenosine can be tried as an alternative therapy for ventricular tachycardia in neonates. This fact was proved by the electrophysiology study, conducted by Ozer S et al. [5]. * Bassel Mohammad Nijres basselmn@yahoo.com