cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Psychographic Analysis of College Students' Alcohol Consumption: Implications for Prevention and Consumer Education

On the basis of alcohol consumption rates, the authors segmented a sample of college students (N = 669) into four types: the non/seldom drinker (17%), the social drinker (43%), the typical binge drinker (25%), and the heavy binge drinker (14%). Once the four segments were defined, each was profiled employing a psychographic scheme that encompasses personal values, beliefs regarding drinking, alcohol shopping orientations, situational contingencies, and demographics. Binge drinkers were best differentiated from social drinkers and non/seldom drinkers by social-hedonic characteristics such as social-affiliation values, psychological consequences of drinking, recreational shopping orientations, and social situations. Binge drinkers were also differentiated by several other market/consumption relevant factors. On the other hand, several utilitarian characteristics, such as health/moral consciousness, differentiated non/seldom drinkers from other groups. Discussion and the implications of this study are presented with the goal of aiding binge drinkers themselves as well as prevention and intervention practitioners.
Flow energizer flight tests on a light twin aircraft

Experiments were conducted to explore the use of flow energizers (i.e., horizontally mounted vortex generators), using a special instrumentation subsystem installed on a light twin aircraft. The data, collected for energizer configurations with convergence ratios of 1.2, 1.5, and 1.7, included measurements of pressure on the wing surface, velocity components in the wake of the energizer, and forces on the flow energizer itself. Surface pressure data showed that flow energizer effects are highly localized. The energizer with the smallest convergence ratio tested produced an energizer lift/drag ratio about 75 percent lower that that of the other two configurations. For highly swept planforms, cambered energizers with overlaps of the order of 12-15 percent of the local chord provide the best results.
Knockdown of a Zebrafish Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor (AHRRa) Affects Expression of Genes Related to Photoreceptor Development and Hematopoiesis

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) is a transcriptional repressor of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and is regulated by an AHR-dependent mechanism. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) possess two AHRR paralogs; AHRRa regulates constitutive AHR signaling during development, whereas AHRRb regulates polyaromatic hydrocarbon-induced gene expression. However, little is known about the endogenous roles and targets of AHRRs. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of AHRRs during zebrafish development using a loss-of-function approach followed by gene expression analysis. Zebrafish embryos were microinjected with morpholino oligonucleotides against AHRRa or AHRRb to knockdown AHRR protein expression. At 72 h postfertilization (hpf), microarray analysis revealed that the expression of 279 and 116 genes was altered by knockdown of AHRRa and AHRRb, respectively. In AHRRa-morphant embryos, 97 genes were up-regulated and 182 genes were down-regulated. Among the down-regulated genes were several related to photoreceptor function, including cone-specific genes such as several opsins (opn1sw1, opn1sw2, opn1mw1, and opn1lw2), phosphodiesterases (pde6H and pde6C), retinol binding protein (rbp4l), phosducin, and arrestins. Down-regulation was confirmed by RT-PCR and with samples from an independent experiment. The four genes tested (opn1sw1, pde6H, pde6C, and arr3b) were not inducible by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AHRRa knockdown also caused up-regulation of embryonic hemoglobin (hbbe3), suggesting a role for AHRR in regulating hematopoiesis. Knockdown of AHRRb caused up-regulation of 31 genes and down-regulation of 85 genes, without enrichment for any specific biological process. Overall, these results suggest that AHRRs may have important roles in development, in addition to their roles in regulating xenobiotic signaling.
URBAN TRANSPORTATION NETWORK-EQUILIBRIUM AND DESIGN MODELS: RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Three case studies pertaining to the development of scientifically rigorous methods in urban transportation planning are presented. Drawing on the lessons of these studies, an approach and attitude toward future research on planning methods and practice is considered.
Why do Spatiotemporally Restricted Regularities Explain in the Social Sciences

Employing a well-known local regularity from macroeconomics, the Phillips curve, I examine Woodward’s ([2000], [2003]) account of the explanatory power of such historically restricted generalizations and the mathematical models with which they are sometimes associated. The article seeks to show that,pace Woodward, to be explanatory such generalizations need to be underwritten by more fundamental ones, and that rational choice theory would not avail in this case to provide the required underwriting. Examining how such explanatory restricted regularities are underwritten in biology— by unrestricted Darwinian regularities—provides the basis for an argument that Darwinian regularities serve the same function in human affairs. The general argument for this claim requires, inter alia, that we accept some version or other of a theory of memes. The article concludes by clearing the field of some prominent objections to the existence of memes, and extracting some policy implications from the persistence and acceleration of arms races in human affairs.
Slot-coupled double-sided microstrip interconnects and couplers

A broadband slot-coupled microstrip vertical interconnect and a microstrip double-layer quadrature coupler are presented. The interconnect uses virtually terminated microstrip-to-sandwich slotline transitions and demonstrates broad bandwidth, low loss, and high efficiency coupling. The interconnect showed less than 1 dB insertion loss over a bandwidth of more than 2.6 octaves which covered the L, C, and S bands. The microstrip double-layer quadrature coupler, consisting of two parallel microstrip lines coupled by two virtually terminated narrow slots, showed an isolation of greater than 15 dB and a phase quadrature of 90 degrees +or-2.5 degrees over a bandwidth of 14%. Due to the advantages of compact size, light weight, high density, and good isolation, these 3D noncontacting RF couplers are very suitable for multilayer and large-scale MIC (microwave integrated circuit) and MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) applications. >
Non-stationary dynamic Bayesian networks

A principled mechanism for identifying conditional dependencies in time-series data is provided through structure learning of dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs). An important assumption of DBN structure learning is that the data are generated by a stationary process—an assumption that is not true in many important settings. In this paper, we introduce a new class of graphical models called non-stationary dynamic Bayesian networks, in which the conditional dependence structure of the underlying data-generation process is permitted to change over time. Non-stationary dynamic Bayesian networks represent a new framework for studying problems in which the structure of a network is evolving over time. We define the non-stationary DBN model, present an MCMC sampling algorithm for learning the structure of the model from time-series data under different assumptions, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm on both simulated and biological data.
Getting Started in Teaching and Researching Computer Science in the Elementary Classroom

The recent growth of interest in computer science has created a movement to more readily introduce computer science in K-12 classrooms. However, little research exists on how to successfully bring computer science to lower grade levels. In this paper, we present advice for researchers and curriculum developers who are getting started working with computer science in elementary schools. Specifically, we focus on practical tips for studies of this nature, developed from our experiences piloting a computational thinking curriculum with 4th-6th grade students. We address issues arising in elementary school classrooms such as recruiting and interfacing with teachers and schools, classroom management strategies, student computer literacy and developmental stages, and curriculum life cycles.
North American sociology of religion: Critique and prospects:

We assess the current state of sociology of religion, particularly in the United States, for the extent to which a “critical sociology of religion” currently exists and how it might look if it did. We focus particular attention on two areas of inquiry: religion and health; and religion and violence.
The Effect of Tunnel Barrier at Resistive Switching Device for Low Power Memory Applications

In order to realize the high density array device and suppress the disturbance between the cells, ReRAM also seem to need a selective device same as a diode in PCRAM. Still, while appropriate bipolar selective device doesn't show up, the tunnel barrier oxide embedded in ReRAM stack is one of the promising candidates for selective device of bipolar resistive switching memory. Additionally, using a tunnel barrier has a benefit to reduce the switching current. In this paper, bipolar memory devices with oxides such as HfO x , ZrO x and AlO x as a tunnel barrier were fabricated with 40 ~ 80nm cell size. We showed that the switching current and inherent switching mechanism can be successfully controlled by proper tunnel barrier materials and stacks.
Progress and challenges for high speed optical access networks

This paper reviews the recent progress in high speed optical access networks with emphasis on passive optical network (PON) technologies. Overview of architecture options, key technologies, and main challenges for various systems, such as TDM-PON, WDM-PON, and OFDM-PON, will be discussed. One key factor to enable large scale deployment of next generation high speed PON system is the capability to cost effectively upgrade bandwidth on demand. Hybrid solutions, which combine multiple existing technologies, such as WDM-TDM PON or WDM-OFDM PON, can take advantages of volume effects of mature technologies to increase system bandwidth cost effectively. From practical point of view, hybrid systems are attractive since they can provide a flexible balance between performance and cost to support diversified applications.
Excess wild-type p53 blocks initiation and maintenance of simian virus 40 transformation.

Abstract Wild-type (wt) murine p53 has been tested for its ability to block and reverse the transforming effects of simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen. Established and precrisis mouse cells overexpressing exogenously introduced wt p53 became resistant to SV40 transformation. The introduction of excess wt p53 into SV40-transformed precrisis cells reverted their transformed phenotype. However, the phenotype of SV40-transformed established cells was not reverted by excess wt p53. We conclude that an antioncogenic action of wt p53 is exerted during SV40 transformation and that in precrisis cells, the antitransforming action of wt p53 can be exerted both at initiation and during the maintenance of transformation.
Tile QR factorization with parallel panel processing for multicore architectures

To exploit the potential of multicore architectures, recent dense linear algebra libraries have used tile algorithms, which consist in scheduling a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) of tasks of fine granularity where nodes represent tasks, either panel factorization or update of a block-column, and edges represent dependencies among them. Although past approaches already achieve high performance on moderate and large square matrices, their way of processing a panel in sequence leads to limited performance when factorizing tall and skinny matrices or small square matrices. We present a new fully asynchronous method for computing a QR factorization on shared-memory multicore architectures that overcomes this bottleneck. Our contribution is to adapt an existing algorithm that performs a panel factorization in parallel (named Communication-A voiding QR and initially designed for distributed-memory machines), to the context of tile algorithms using asynchronous computations. An experimental study shows significant improvement (up to almost 10 times faster) compared to state-of-the-art approaches. We aim to eventually incorporate this work into the Parallel Linear Algebra for Scalable Multi-core Architectures (PLASMA) library.
Human Telomerase Domain Interactions Capture DNA for TEN Domain-Dependent Processive Elongation

Eukaryotic chromosome maintenance requires telomeric repeat synthesis by telomerase. It remains uncertain how telomerase domains interact to organize the active RNP and how this architecture establishes the specificity of the catalytic cycle. We combine human telomerase reconstitutions in vivo, affinity purifications, and discriminating activity assays to uncover a network of protein-protein and protein-RNA domain interactions. Notably, we find that complete single-repeat synthesis requires only a telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) core. Single-repeat synthesis does not require the TERT N-terminal (TEN) domain, but RNA-dependent positioning of the TEN domain captures substrate and allows repeat synthesis processivity. A TEN domain physically separate from the TERT core can capture even a minimal template-paired DNA substrate, with substrate association enhanced by the presence of a 5' single-stranded extension. Our results provide insights into active enzyme architecture, explain biological variations of the catalytic cycle, and predict altered activities for TERT proteins of some eukaryotes.
Urban School Formation: Identity Work and Constructing an Origin Story

In this article, I analyze the formation of Shearwater High School in St. Louis, Missouri and I explore the identity work involved in building the school. Diverging from standardization trends in urban education, the school came to fruition through a creative process, which was in-flux and supported by diverse communities in St. Louis. This article applies three identity lenses—intersectionality, an identity of becoming, and the practice of recognition—to explain the social construction of the organization and its mission.
Global signaling of localized impact in chemo-responsive gels

A vital function performed by skin is to send a chemical alarm signal throughout the system in response to irritation or damage. Using our 3D model for chemo-responsive gels, we design a coating that can perform an analogous, biomimetic function. Our system consists of a polymer gel undergoing the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. We show that such coatings respond to a spatially localized mechanical force by exhibiting a range of signaling behavior. For example, an initially stationary gel can emit transient waves in response to a sufficiently weak, localized impact. A stronger localized impact, however, can generate a global signal, which encompasses both chemical waves and surface ripples that propagate across the entire sample. This complex dynamical response persists even after the force is lifted. Furthermore, the spatial patterns formed by these oscillating gels reveal the location and magnitude of the applied force. Our findings open up the possibility of harnessing BZ gels for a range of applications, such as creating sensors that transmit a global signal in response to a local mechanical impact.
Age-Sensitive Effect of Adolescent Dating Experience on Delinquency and Substance Use

This study uses a developmental perspective and focuses on examining whether the impact of adolescent dating is age-sensitive. Dating at earlier ages is hypothesized to have a stronger effect on adolescent criminal behavior or substance use, but the effect would be weaker as one ages. The data obtained from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 are used to investigate this research question. The age-sensitive effect is measured by the interaction term between dating and age in the fixed effects modeling. The results show that when an adolescent changes from nondating to dating, the probability of committing criminal activities or using substances increases, but the influence of adolescent dating decreases as one ages. In addition, the dating effect decreases more rapidly among female adolescents than male adolescents.
Protecting the Public from Itself: The Unconstitutional ‘Say No to Drug Ads’ Act

This Legal Backgrounder examines the Say No to Drug Ads Act proposed to end the tax deductibility of direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertising. After evaluating the SNDAA's policy implications and its impact on free commercial speech, the publication concludes that the legislation would be unsound and unconstitutional if passed into law.
Losing Face But Gaining Power: State Taxation of Interstate Commerce

Professor Twyman argues that we should understand state taxation problems under the dormant commerce clause as a separation of power. Viewed from this perspective, judicial review should focus upon delineating interests ancillary to state taxation and federal regulatory power over commerce. Twyman proposes the first separation of powers methodology for this arid terrain in constitutional commentary. Legal scholars, constitutional commentators, and trade groups should be attracted to this article. First, other scholars have critiqued the doctrine in this field but Twyman steps beyond the process/substance and balancing/antidiscrimination paradigms that have limited scholarly work. Second, the work critiques aphorisms in the field, including the ideas of Justice Antonin Scalia, and Professors John Hart Ely and Walter Hellerstein. Third, Twyman offers fresh insights into the weakness of political process theory for understanding state taxation power under the dormant commerce clause.
The phase conversions and properties of refractories based on the MgO-Al2O3-Cr2O3system

An investigation of the phase conversions in the MgO-Al2O3-Cr2O3 system at a below-unity ratio MgO/R2O3 and varied content of sesquioxides showed that the magnesiochromite initially being formed in all mixtures interacts with the Al2O3 at temperatures above 1000°C with the result that two kinds of solid solutions are formed, viz., a spinel one Mg(CrxAl)1−x)2O4 and (AlxCr1−x)2O3. The predominance of a given component in the original composition remains preserved in both phases.
Brillouin zone unfolding method for effective phonon spectra

Thermal properties are of great interest in modern electronic devices and nanostructures. Calculating these properties is straightforward when the device is made from a pure material, but problems arise when alloys are used. Specifically, only approximate band structures can be computed for random alloys and most often the virtual crystal approximation (VCA) is used. Unfolding methods [Boykin, Kharche, Klimeck, and Korkusinski, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19, 036203 (2007)] have proven very useful for tight-binding calculations of alloy electronic structure without the problems in the VCA, and the mathematical analogy between tight-binding and valence-force-field approaches to the phonon problem suggests they be employed here as well. However, there are some differences in the physics of the two problems requiring modifications to the electronic-structure approach. We therefore derive a phonon alloy band-structure (vibrational-mode) approach based on our tight-binding electronic-structure method, modifying the band-determination method to accommodate the different physical situation. Using the method, we study $\mathrm{In}(x)\mathrm{Ga}(1\ensuremath{-}x)\mathrm{As}$ alloys and find very good agreement with available experiments.
Metabolic conversion of primidone (mysoline) to phenobarbital.

SummaryPrimidone (Mysoline) is in part converted to phenobarbital by dog and by man. Concentrations of phenobarbital found in plasma of patients receiving therapeutic doses of primidone are high en...
The Association of Marine Birds and Feeding Gray Whales

18 years we have had Village Weaverbirds in outdoor aviaries at Los Angeles during the spring and summer, female Hooded Orioles (Icterus cucullatus) and Bullock's Orioles (I. bullockii) from the vicinity have repeatedly visited the aviaries, clinging to the wire sidewalls and peering at the birds within. Female Western Tanagers (Piranga ludoviciana), whose males are black, yellow and orange, were also attracted. No other local species of wild birds have been similarly attracted. This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation to N. E. Collias and E. C. Collias. We thank M. S. Ficken, M. S. Foster and M. A. Howe for helpful comments on the manuscript.
Mobilizing Labor & Engineering Development: The Politics of Expanding Welfare Coverage in the Postwar Period

Expanding population coverage is an inherently political process that has often been overlooked in the study of welfare state development. This paper examines the politics of expanding welfare coverage, focusing on developing countries in the postwar period. Through comparative case studies of welfare reform in Brazil, China, and India, two political variables are identified as important: economic development strategies and the mobilization of labor. Labor often plays a contradictory role in welfare reform, supporting the adoption of new programs, but opposing the expansion of coverage. Orthodox macroeconomic policies and the preferential incorporation of labor both contribute to the development of narrow welfare states with limited population coverage.
Relationship of Leukoplakia to Urothelial Malignancy

AbstractThe records of 108 patients presenting with leukoplakia of the urinary tract during the last 35 years were reviewed to define the natural history of this disease, with emphasis upon its association with urothelial cancer. Of the 108 patients 24 had upper urinary tract, 78 bladder and 10 urethral leukoplakia (1 with renal and bladder involvement, 3 with bladder and urethral involvement, and 1 with ureteral and renal involvement). Presenting complaints were primarily irritative. To date, 41 patients (37 per cent) have had associated carcinoma of the urothelium: 23 (21 per cent) presented with a concomitant or previous carcinoma and 18 of 85 (21 per cent) presenting without a concomitant or previous neoplasm have had documented progression to cancer. These figures support the concept that leukoplakia is a premalignant disease and that patients with this diagnosis deserve careful and frequent followup.
Methods for the Serum-Free Culture of Keratinocytes and Transplantation of Collagen-GAG-Based Skin Substitutes.

Objectives for dermal-epidermal skin substitutes for treatment of acute and chronic wounds include, but are not limited to: increased availability; stimulation of wound healing by transplantation of parenchymal cells; regulation of wound healing responses; and, predictable composition and efficacy to reduce mortality and morbidity. Particularly, the importance of including a cellular component has been demonstrated in experimental grafts of cells and biopolymers (1-7). Transplanted cells may include normal, nontransformed populations isolated for primary culture, or genetically modified cells to deliver specific gene products of therapeutic interest (8-10). Nontransformed cells may include autologous, allogeneic, or chimeric populations within composite grafts. A variety of approaches are directed toward repair of skin wounds by restoration of the functional anatomy and physiology of skin.
Earth's oldest jellyfish strandings: a unique taphonomic window or just another day at the beach?

Discoidal macrofossils reported herein from the lower Cambrian Zabriskie Quartzite (Great Basin, western United States) record the oldest Phanerozoic medusozoan body fossils, as well as the oldest medusozoan stranding event on record. Moreover, these fossils provide evidence of a significant shift in the taphonomic mode characteristic of preservation of nonmineralized taxa in coarse-grained siliciclastic successions near the onset of the Phanerozoic. Taphonomic and sedimentological evidence recorded by these and younger examples of stranded Cambrian medusae is consistent in suggesting that several of the requirements for preservation of these fossils were holdovers from the Ediacaran Period, including the presence of microbial mats and a lack of carcass disturbance by scavenging and/or bioturbating taxa. To shed further light upon the taphonomic factors necessary for the preservation of Cambrian medusae, we compared the biostratinomy and sedimentology of Cambrian medusa strandings to those of Ediacara Biota assemblages from lithologically similar successions. We find key secular disparities in the taphonomic histories of these two types of fossil assemblage. Inconsistencies between the preservational styles characteristic of fossil assemblages preserved in sandstone lithofacies on each side of the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary are explained by a considerable change in the preferred depositional setting in which these macrofossil assemblages are preserved. Thus, rather than documenting a single taphonomic continuum through the Precambrian–Cambrian transition, the Zabriskie and younger medusozoan body fossil assemblages record the advent of an entirely new, yet still very rarely exploited, taphonomic window exclusive to the Cambrian Period.
The Use of Bedside Urinary Parameters in the Evaluation of Metabolic Acidosis

The evaluation of metabolic acidosis requires an assessment of the kidneys response in terms of acid excretion and bicarbonate excretion. Because of bedside measurements of ammonium excretion and bicarbonate are often not available because clinical laboratories do not perform these tests routinely, surrogates like the urine anion gap were developed as an indirect measure of the ammonium excretion. Bicarbonate can be calculated based on the urine pH and PCO2 of the urine. The significance and limitations of the urine pH as an index of collecting tubule H+ secretion as discussed. Moreover, the use of provocative tests such as the furosemide test as a tool to assess sodium dependent collecting tubule H+ secretion is also discussed.
Accuracy Test From Kinematic Parameter Errors in a Closed-Loop Robot

As it is impossible to construct a manipulator without any parameter errors during the manufacturing processes, the major objective of this paper is to see the effects of these errors on the accuracy of a closed-loop robot. A simulated robot with a 3D constraint is used in this numerical test. Three types of parameter errors are studied: (1) link length, (2) joint misalignment, and (3) joint encoder offset. In this test, a small variation is added to one of the link parameters, the accuracy is thus obtained by using forward kinematic transformations. A numerical method is proposed to calculate the dependent variables for each set of joint encoders. The results are also compared to an open-loop robot having the same parameter errors.
An Accuracy Based Approach to Higher Order Evidence

The aim of this paper is to apply the accuracy based approach to epistemology to the case of higher order evidence: evidence that bears on the rationality of one's beliefs. I proceed in two stages. First, I show that the accuracy based framework that is standardly used to motivate rational requirements supports steadfastness—a position according to which higher order evidence should have no impact on one's doxastic attitudes towards first order propositions. The argument for this will require a generalization of an important result by Greaves and Wallace for the claim that conditionalization maximizes expected accuracy. The generalization I provide will, among other things, allow us to apply the result to cases of self-locating evidence. In the second stage, I develop an alternative framework. Very roughly, what distinguishes the traditional approach from the alternative one is that, on the traditional picture, we're interested in evaluating the expected accuracy of conforming to an update procedure. On the alternative picture that I develop, instead of considering how good an update procedure is as a plan to conform to, we consider how good it is as a plan to make. I show how, given the use of strictly proper scoring rules, the alternative picture vindicates calibrationism: a view according to which higher order evidence should have a significant impact on our beliefs. I conclude with some thoughts about why higher order evidence poses a serious challenge for standard ways of thinking about rationality.
Sugar and Aggressive and Inattentive Behavior

The effect of a sucrose challenge on aggressive behavior and sustained attention in a sample of young hyperactive boys and age-matched control subjects was studied at the Schneider Children’s Hospital, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New York, and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
Is the working definition of applied psychophysiology proposed by Schwartz too narrow/restrictive?

This paper raises issues in further refining the working definition of “ applied psychophysiology” proposed by Schwartz (1999). Issues to be addressed include defining what the word “psycho” means within the definition of applied psychophysiology and the implications of this word in practice. Other issues discussed include the meaning of the word “applied,” and how incorporating the acquisition of self-regulatory skills or behaviors as one aspect of the definition of applied psychophysiology would help differentiate applied psychophysiology from other specialty areas. Finally, a revised definition is proposed to stimulate further discussion.
The Role of Serine Racemase in the Pathophysiology of Brain Disorders

The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is unique in requiring two agonists to bind simultaneously to open its cation channel: the neurotransmitter, glutamate, and the coagonists, glycine, or d-serine. The Snyder laboratory was the first to clone serine racemase (SR), the enzyme that synthesizes d-serine, and to localize it immunocytochemically. Our laboratory has focused on the role of d-serine in brain disorders. Silencing the expression of SR, a risk gene for schizophrenia (SCZ), in mice (SR-/-), results in a phenotype that closely resembles SCZ including: cortical atrophy, reduced dendritic spine density and complexity, downregulation of parvalbumin-positive cortical GABAergic neurons, and cognitive impairments. This pathology can be reversed by treatment of SR-/- mice with d-serine in adulthood. SR-/- mice also exhibit abnormal response toward abusable substances, such as stimulants. They show reduced behavioral sensitization to d-amphetamine, but fail to extinguish it. Place preference to cocaine is altered, and the hedonic response to it is profoundly impaired as assessed by intracranial self-stimulation. d-cycloserine, a partial agonist at the NMDAR glycine modulatory site, shows therapeutic benefit for treating pathologic anxiety in combination with behavioral therapies. Studies in vitro with cortical culture and in vivo with middle cerebral artery occlusion show that silencing SR provides substantial protection against ischemic neuronal death. Finally, the switch of SR expression from neurons to reactive astrocytes after closed head trauma accounts for the reduced in vivo neuroplasticity, electroencephalogram abnormalities, and cognitive impairments.
Acute Respiratory Failure in Patients with Hematologic and Solid Malignancies: Global Approach

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is the principal cause for ICU admission and mortality in cancer patients. Early diagnosis and management of these patients entail unique challenges to the intensivist. This chapter reviews the common causes of ARF in cancer patients along with a global diagnostic and management approach. Oncologists and intensivists as a team must establish clear treatment goals for every cancer patient requiring mechanical ventilation.
Unmet demand for short-acting hormonal and long-acting reversible contraception among community college students in Texas.

Objective: To identify preferences for and use of short-acting hormonal (e.g., oral contraceptives, injectable contraception) or long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) among community college ...
Hounsfield Units for nephrolithiasis: predictive power for the clinical urologist.

INTRODUCTION We aim to determine the optimal method for measuring Hounsfield Units (HU) of calculi for the clinical urologist. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present a single institution prospective study from 2014-2015 for 125 consecutive patients. Demographics, baseline characteristics, imaging, and stone analysis were collected. CT scanners and settings were heterogeneous. Hounsfield units were measured by use of ellipsoid tool and free hand outline by two independent urology graders using Philips iSite PACs. RESULTS Stone analysis demonstrated 26 pure calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, 15 pure calcium phosphate (CaP) stones, and 7 uric acid stones, among other mixed types. Excellent agreement was notable amongst the two graders for ellipsoid and free hand grading, and values were consistent with those previously published with other methods. Mean grades for free-hand versus ellipse differed overall (p = 0.006) as ellipsoid HU measurement was consistently higher than free-hand measurement by an average of 107 units. Either method could differentiate between uric acid stones and any calcium containing stone (p ≤ 0.05). The free-hand method demonstrated statistical difference between pure calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones (p = 0.03). Applying either method took less than 6 seconds. CONCLUSIONS For urologists lacking HU on their radiology reports, free hand or ellipsoid measurement may quickly provide an additional tool to guide management. Both methods differentiate between any calcium containing stone and uric acid stones.
Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Approximately 3–9% of all nonmedullary thyroid cancers are familial. Familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) may occur as part of a familial cancer syndrome (syndromic) or as the predominant or only feature being nonmedullary thyroid cancer (nonsyndromic). Most cases of FNMTC are nonsyndromic, accounting for approximately 95% of all FNMTC cases. In syndromic FNMTC, although the risk of nonmedullary thyroid cancer is higher than in the general population, it is commonly a minor component or an infrequent manifestation of the syndrome, which includes familial adenomatous polyposis, PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, Carney’s complex type 1, Werner, Pendred and DICER1 syndromes, and ataxia-telangiectasia. In this article, we review our current understanding of the genetics of syndromic and nonsyndromic FNMTC, the strategies and results of screening and surveillance, the known clinicopathologic features of syndromic and nonsyndromic FNMTC, and the treatment options in patients with FNMTC.
Pragmática del español: contexto, uso y variación

Pragmatica del espanol introduces the central topics in pragmatics and discourse from a sociolinguistic perspective. Pragmatic variation is addressed within each topic, with examples from different varieties of Spanish spoken in Latin America, Spain and the United States. A companion website provides additional exercises and a corpus of Spanish data for student research projects. A sample syllabus and suggestions for further reading help instructors tailor the material to a one-semester course or as a supplement to general introduction to Hispanic linguistics courses. This is an ideal resource for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, at level B2 – C2 of the Common European Framework for Languages, and Intermediate High – Advanced High on the ACTFL proficiency scales.
Atrial fibrillation is highly prevalent yet undertreated in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Background & aims Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease. Atrial fibrillation is a prominent risk marker for underlying cardiovascular disease with a prevalence of 2% in patients Methods Patients were identified from a tertiary care centre Electronic Database from 2002 to 2015. International Classification of Diseases 9 (ICD9) codes identified comorbidities and atrial fibrillation. Descriptive statistics were used to compare characteristics between patients with NASH with and without atrial fibrillation. Results Of 9108 patients with ICD9 diagnosis of NASH, 215 (2.3%, mean age 57 years, 32% male) had biopsy-proven NASH. Atrial fibrillation prevalence was 4.6%. Patients with NASH and atrial fibrillation had a higher prevalence of heart failure (54.5% vs 8.8%, P Conclusion Atrial fibrillation prevalence is two-fold higher in patients with NASH compared to the general population. Patients with NASH have a high risk of stroke; however, many do not receive appropriate guideline-directed therapy. Future studies are needed to identify whether guideline-based management of atrial fibrillation in NASH reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Population-based analysis of treatment receipt in prostate cancer patients who initially pursued active surveillance (AS).

6517 Background: Active surveillance for early prostate cancer may reduce over-treatment based on publications of patients managed in clinical trials or at high volume academic centers. In these se...
Clinical and etiological meaning of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis

Several autoantibodies against proteins with post-translational modifications have been detected in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are called anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPAs). Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (Anti-CarP Ab) are the second most vigorously researched AMPAs following anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA). Anti-CarP Ab and ACPA show cross-reactivity to some extent and frequently co-exist with each other in RA, but are two distinct antibodies. Although the diagnostic efficacy of anti-CarP Ab is inferior to that of ACPA, the diagnostic specificity of RA may improve when used in combination with ACPA and rheumatoid factor. Anti-CarP Ab and ACPA are also useful for identifying patients at high risk of more severe joint destruction and cardiovascular diseases. The high prevalence of the co-existence of both antibodies suggests a common factor in their production, and this is important for the development of RA because both antibodies emerge before the onset of clinical symptoms. Neutrophils may also be crucially involved. It is important to distinguish citrullinated antigens from carbamylated antigens because the methods commonly used to detect the former are now known to be cross-reactive with the latter. Research on anti-CarP Ab will provide novel insights into the pathology and etiology of RA.
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Use before Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Purpose To compare outcomes of Interagency Registry for Mechanical Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) profile 2 and 3 patients with and without intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) electively placed before Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) implantation. Methods Data analysis (from 2012 to 2016) of INTERMACS 2 and 3 profiles with pre-LVAD IABP ( creatinine ,TBili, AST, LVEDD, MR ie., severe vs. non severe, RVEF ie., severe vs. non severe, Ischemic vs. non-ischemic and age) with similar non IABP pre-LVAD profiles comparing 30 day composite (mortality, RV failure, renal dysfunction, liver dysfunction) outcome. Results Out of the INTERMACS 2; total 4,233 patients and INTERMACS 3; total 4,170 patients, the presumed elective IABP before LVAD placement was able to be propensity matched for 1003 and 729 patients, respectively. Paired T test was performed to statistically compare the outcomes between the two groups and are shown in table 1. Conclusion There was no significant difference in 30 day outcomes for pre-LVAD IABP compared to those without for the entire cohort (INTERMACS 1 and 2) and for individual cohorts of INTERMACS profiles 1 or 2. The logistic regression analysis (see table 2) also suggests that the highest risk for adverse outcome may be age and ischemic etiology but may not be mitigated by IABP use in any cohort of patients studied.
Growth Data for 29 Years from the California Elevational Transect Study of Ponderosa Pine

Ponderosa pine progenies from parents restricted in latitude but spanning 7.000 feet of elevation show significant growth differences in plantations at low-, mid-, and high-elevation test sites. At low- and mid-elevation sites tree heights and diameters of progenies from high-elevation parents were the smallest; those from the low-elevation parents. intermediate: and those from mid-elevation seed parents. largest. At the high­ elevation site. trees from mid- and high-elevation sources grew equally well, whereas trees from low-elevation parents showed poorest growth. The variation associated with elevation zone of parent trees accounted for 8 percent of the total experimental varia­ tion. About 9 percent of the total was attributed to the interaction between parent tree elevational zones and plantations. Height rankings of progenies for different ages showed little change over the 29-year growth period of the study in low- and mid­ elevation test sites. But at the high-elevation test site, height means for zone groups shifted with age as the relative heights of the higher elevation progenies increased. Forest Sci. 19:31-39.
Head position classification of medical imaging studies: an assessment and development of a protocol

ObjectivesTo determine the optimal approach to reliably classify head position of head and neck medical imaging studies as flexion, neutral or extension for use in craniofacial and orthodontic rese...
Assessing clinical research coordinator knowledge of good clinical practice: An evaluation of the state of the art and a test validation study

This paper describes the development and validation of a new 32-item test of knowledge of good clinical practice (GCP) administered to 625 clinical research coordinators. GCP training is mandated by study sponsors including the US National Institutes of Health. The effectiveness of training is rarely assessed, and the lack of validated tests is an obstacle to assessment. The GCP knowledge test was developed following evaluation of two existing widely used GCP tests to ensure it accurately reflects the content of current training. The final GCP knowledge test demonstrated good reliability (α = 0.69). It is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring knowledge of GCP. The test will be useful in assessing the effectiveness of GCP training programs as well as individuals' mastery of GCP content.
Test Challenges in Nanometer Technologies

Device scaling has led to the blurring of the boundary between design and test: marginalities introduced by design tool approximations can cause failures when aggressive designs are subjected to process variation. Larger die sizes are more vulnerable to intra-die variations, invalidating analyses based on a number of given process corners. These trends are eroding the predictability of test quality based on stuck-at fault coverage. Industry studies have shown that an at-speed functional test with poor stuck-at fault coverage can be a better DPM screen than a set of scan tests with very high stuck-at fault coverage. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we have observed that a high stuck-at fault test set is not necessarily good at detecting faults that model actual failure mechanisms. One approach to address the test quality crisis is to rethink the fault model that is at the core of these tests. Targeting realistic fault models is a challenge that spans the design, test and manufacturing domains: the extraction of realistic faults has to analyze the design at the physical and circuit levels of abstraction while taking into account the failure modes observed during manufacture. Practical fault models need to be defined that adequately model failing behavior while remaining amenable to automatic test generation. The addition of these fault models place increasing performance and capacity demands on already stressed test generation and fault simulation tools. A new generation of analysis and test generation tools is needed to address the challenge of defect-based test. We provide a detailed discussion of process technology trends that are responsible for next generation test problems, and present a test automation infrastructure being developed at Intel to meet the challenge.
Challenges in Organizing and Accessing Video Game Development Artifacts.

Artifacts created during the game development process are vital for understanding and appreciating the history and context of video games. However, few have explored how to organize and preserve the digital ephemera created during game development, critically endangering these media artifacts. Through interviews of various stakeholders interested in these types of artifacts, we explore the game development process. Participants discussed various challenges in organizing and finding game development artifacts for their work due to multiple factors: organization culture, the technical work environment, and a lack of standard vocabulary and practices. They also discussed the disconnect between game library, archive, and special collections lacking ways to note relationships among relevant materials. Based on these findings, we discuss two main implications from an organizational point of view.
Investigating freshwater mussel (Unionidae) shell diagenesis at an archaeological site on the Tombigbee River, Mississippi, southeastern U.S.A

Abstract Multiple microscopy methods, including thin sections, SEM, confocal, and cathodoluminescence, were used to examine two strata of freshwater mussel shell at the Vaughn Mound site (22LO538) in Mississippi, southeastern USA. These two strata are separated significantly in age. Specimens from the older stratum show evidence of physical alteration (pitting, dissolution, etching) that likely explains previously noted chemical differences observed between the two strata. These results emphasize that characterizations of diagenesis should be included in any study involving the chemical sourcing of shell artifacts or shell-tempered ceramics.
7.18 – Cofactor Catabolism

Although much effort has been invested in the biosynthesis of cofactors, relatively little is known about their degradation. Some intermediates have been identified but much less is known about the genes involved or the enzymology. In this chapter we summarize our current understanding of cofactor catabolic pathways in all life-forms and discuss the mechanism of some of the interesting enzymes involved.
Finding Their Type: Elusive Antigenic Sites on Dengue Virus 3 Mapped with Human Antibodies.

In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Young et al. shed light on dengue virus 3-specific epitopes. Mapping of human monoclonal antibodies led to the discovery of six quaternary antigenic sites with strong neutralizing activity suggesting that epitopes involved with protective immunity may be more complex than previously realized.