cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The design and experimental evaluation of a tool to support the construction and wizard-of-oz testing of low fidelity prototypes

Because they are easy to create and modify, low fidelity prototypes are commonly used in early evaluations of user interface designs. Designers typically use either pen-and-paper or various computer-based tools to create and test low fidelity prototypes. However, our informal analyses of these technologies indicate that they do not optimally support the two key, complementary tasks of (a) prototype creation and (b) wizard-of-oz testing. To address this problem, we have developed WOZ PRO, a pen-based software environment for the quick and easy creation and testing of low fidelity user interface prototypes. When designing interface screens in WOZ PRO, designers can easily (a) propagate a design change to other related screens, and (b) specify the set of screens that are reachable from a given screen. In a wizard-of-oz test, WOZ PRO aims to reduce the cognitive load on the wizard by allowing navigation only to those next screens that are valid. An experimental comparison of WOZ PRO and pen-and-paper provides evidence of WOZ PROpsilas potential, and insight into how its design might be improved.
Plagiarism and self-plagiarism: What every author should know

The scientifi c community is greatly concerned about the problem of plagiarism and self-plagiarism. In this paper I explore these two transgressions and their various manifestations with a focus on the challenges faced by authors with limited English profi ciency.
The effect of equivalence ratio on the soot onset chemistry in one-dimensional, atmospheric-pressure, premixed ethylbenzene flames

An investigation was conducted on the evolution of products of incomplete combustion (PIC) emitted from onedimensional, laminar, atmospheric-pressure ethylbenzene flames in the vicinity of the soot onset threshold. The objective of this study was to identify the role of the fuel-to-air equivalence ratio in the evolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and other PIC as soot precursors, just prior to and subsequent to soot onset in premixed flames. Liquid ethylbenzene was prevaporized in nitrogen and blended with an oxygen–nitrogen mixture. Upon ignition, premixed flat flames were stabilized over a burner at atmospheric pressure. Temperature measurements and product sampling were conducted at various heights above the burner. Collected samples were analyzed for soot, PAH, oxygenated species, fixed gases, and light hydrocarbons. Three flames were investigated in the vicinity of the observed soot onset threshold, at equivalence ratios of φ1 = 1.68, φ2 = 1.74, and φ3 = 1.83. By adjusting the amounts of oxygen, nitrogen, and fuel, both the maximum measured flame temperature and the spatial profile of the temperature were kept nearly constant as the equivalence ratio was varied. The cold gas velocity through the burner was also kept nearly constant. Changes in species concentration profiles prior to, at and beyond the sooting limit were evaluated. The results indicated that the soot onset limit is not a function of flame temperature alone; i.e., while the maximum measured flame temperatures was kept fairly constant, the flame could be either sooting, at the sooting limit or nonsooting depending on the equivalence ratio. A detailed chemical kinetic model, previously tested against sooting premixed benzene and ethylbenzene flames, was used to gain insight in chemical processes involved in soot formation. A reaction flux analysis was conducted to determine the pathways for ethylbenzene consumption, as well as for benzene and naphthalene formation. Examination of experimental measurements of species along the axis of the flame, in view of the theoretical predictions, showed a rather direct correlation of acetylene to soot formation. Moreover, a correlation between the consumption of ethylbenzene pyrolyzates, such as styrene, and soot formation at the soot onset was also apparent. Whereas the model’s results were very encouraging, additional development is deemed necessary to improve its predictive capability in the challenging regime of soot inception.
Sentence comprehension affects the dynamics of bimanual coordination: Implications for embodied cognition

Recent work in embodied cognition has demonstrated that language comprehension involves the motor system (e.g., Glenberg & Kaschak, 2002). Such findings are often attributed to mechanisms involving simulations of linguistically described events (Barsalou, 1999; Fischer & Zwaan, 2008). We propose that research paradigms in which simulation is the central focus need to be augmented with paradigms that probe the organization of the motor system during language comprehension. The use of well-studied motor tasks may be appropriate to this endeavour. To this end, we present a study in which participants perform a bimanual rhythmic task (Kugler & Turvey, 1987) while judging the plausibility of sentences. We show that the dynamics of the bimanual task differ when participants judge sentences describing performable actions as opposed to sentences describing events that are not performable. We discuss the general implications of our results for accounts of embodied cognition.
A comparative ultrastructural and behavioral study of the antennal sensory sensilla of the parasitoid Cardiochiles nigriceps (hymenoptera:Braconidae).

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies were conducted on the antennal sensory sensilla of the hymenopteran parasitoid, Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck, of the family Braconidae. Distinct morphological differences were found between the chemoreceptors of the male and female. Curved, non-fluted, thin-walled sensilla were found to be very abundant on the male and restricted in location and number on the female. Trichoid, placoid and fluted basiconic sensilla were numerous on the antennal flagella of both sexes. Smooth basiconic sensilla were restricted in number to one per flagellar segment in both sexes. Behavioral data suggest that bent-tipped, thick-walled sensilla unique to the female are involved in detecting a chemical(s) emitted from the host, Heliothis virescens (Fab.).
Component Procurement Strategies in Decentralized Assemble-to-Order Systems with Time-Dependent Pricing

We consider a contract manufacturer who procures multiple components from independent suppliers to produce an assemble-to-order customized product for a client. The unit price of the product depends on the manufacturer's delivery lead time. We explore how the manufacturer can use a vendor-managed consignment inventory (VMCI) scheme to manage the underlying risk and coordinate independent suppliers' decisions on the production quantities of their components under demand uncertainty. We formulate the problem as a Stackelberg game played by the manufacturer against her component suppliers to determine her pricing policy for suppliers' consignment inventories. We further develop an efficient algorithm for finding the manufacturer's optimal pricing scheme. Our results provide useful insights for managing components in these types of assemble-to-order environments and for understanding how component production cost and procurement lead times affect individual firms' performance in decentralized assembly channels.
Investigation of the physical and practical limits of dense-only phase-shift lithography for circuit feature definition

The rise of low-k1 optical lithography in IC manufacturing has introduced new questions concerning the physical and practical limits of particular sub-wavelength resoltuion-enhanced imaging approaches. For a given application tradeoffs between mask complexity design cycle time, process latitude and process throughput must be well understood. It has recently been shown that a dense-only PSM approach can be applied to technology nodes approaching the physical limits of strong PSM with no proximity effects. Such an approach offers the benefits of reduced mask complexity and design cycle time, at the expense of decreased process throughput and limited design flexibility. In particular, dense-only methods offer k1 < 0.3, thus enabling 90-nm node lithography with high-NA 248 nm exposure systems. We presents the results of experiments, simulations, and analysis designed to explore the tradeoffs inherent in dense-only phase shift lithography. Gate and contact patterns corresponding to various fully scaled circuits are presented, and the relationship between process complexity and design latitude is discussed. Particular attention is given to approaches for obtaining gate features in both the horizontal and vertical orientation. Since semiconductor investment is dependent on cost amortization, the applicability of these methods is also considered in terms of production volume.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ohio Art and the Internet

In August 1999, Larry Killgallon, president of Ohio Art, sat in his Bryan, Ohio, office and reviewed his marketing plan for the coming Christmas season. For years, Ohio Art had sold its line of educational and activity toys through brick-and-mortar retailers such as Toys 'R' Us and Wal-Mart. The Internet presented new opportunities for Ohio Art: 11 on-line retailers planned to carry the company's products in 1999. Killgallon wondered what kind of sales volume he might expect from these e-retailers. He also wondered what implications the growth of e-retailing had for Ohio Art's own on-line store and the company's other Web pages.
Selection of Men Teachers for Positions in High School Physical Education

Abstract This article summarizes practices and recommendations contained in questionnaires from 383 physical educators, 224 high school district superintendents, and 96 directors of teacher placement agencies. Qualifying standards and administrative principles currently used in selecting secondary physical education teachers are identified, and pertinent findings are cited from related research studies. Sources and kinds of information used to evaluate an applicant's desirability for appointment were ranked in significance as follows by the questionnaire respondents: (1) personal interview; (2) observation in a teaching situation; (3) reference letters; (4) college transcripts; (5) record of participation in sports; (6) statement of philosophy of physical education; (7) professional and civic activities; (8) written exams; and (9) performance of athletic skills.
Socio-Cultural Origins of the Patterns of TechnologicalInnovation: What is the Likely Interaction Among ReligiousCulture, Religious Plurality and Innovation? Towards a TheoryOf Socio-Cultural Drivers of the Patterns of TechnologicalInnovation

Religion shapes people’s attitude of mind, education, culture and institutions of countries and likely is a main socio-cultural determinant of the patterns of technological innovation. This study analyses the process of technological innovation exploring the predominant religious culture of countries and tests the hypothesis that a higher religious plurality, a main proxy of cultural diversity, the higher the technological outputs in advanced economies. The findings show that, on average, societies with a predominance of the Protestant, Jewish and Eastern religions tend to have technological performance higher than societies with other predominant religious cultures. In addition, the statistical evidence supports de facto the hypothesis that a higher religious fractionalization, ceteris paribus, has a positive effect on technological outputs. This appears to be particularly true among richer and more democratic countries, which are mainly located in the European and North-American geo-economic areas. Further discussion is needed to understand true causality for developing a socio-economic theory of the origins of patterns of technological innovation.
A novel property of gold nanoparticles: Free radical generation under microwave irradiation.

Purpose: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are known to be effective mediators in microwave hyperthermia. Interaction with an electromagnetic field, large surface to volume ratio, and size quantization of nanoparticles (NPs) can lead to increased cell killing beyond pure heating effects. The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of free radical generation by GNPs in aqueous media when they are exposed to a microwave field. Methods: A number of samples with 500 mM 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) in 20 ppm GNP colloidal suspensions were scanned with an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)/electron spin resonance spectrometer to generate and detect free radicals. A fixed (9.68 GHz) frequency microwave from the spectrometer has served for both generation and detection of radicals. EPR spectra obtained as first derivatives of intensity with the spectrometer were double integrated to get the free radical signal intensities. Power dependence of radical intensity was studied by applying various levels of microwave power (12.5, 49.7, and 125 mW) while keeping all other scan parameters the same. Free radical signal intensities from initial and final scans, acquired at the same power levels, were compared. Results: Hydroxyl radical (OH⋅) signal was found to be generated due to the exposure of GNP–DMPO colloidal samples to a microwave field. Intensity of OH⋅ signal thus generated at 12.5 mW microwave power for 2.8 min was close to the intensity of OH⋅ signal obtained from a water–DMPO sample exposed to 1.5 Gy ionizing radiation dose. For repeated scans, higher OH⋅ intensities were observed in the final scan for higher power levels applied between the initial and the final scans. Final intensities were higher also for a shorter time interval between the initial and the final scans. Conclusions: Our results observed for the first time demonstrate that GNPs generate OH⋅ radicals in aqueous media when they are exposed to a microwave field. If OH⋅ radicals can be generated close to deoxyribonucleic acid of cells by proper localization of NPs, NP-aided microwave hyperthermia can yield cell killing via both elevated temperature and free radical generation.
Mid-IR detection of a precursor to the prehydrated electron

Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy probing in the mid-IR is used to investigate electron hydration following ejection from Fe(CN)6 4-. An intense, broad absorption signal shows an instrument-limited appearance and 170±20 fs decay. The signal is assigned to the direct precursor to the presolvated electron.
The Politics of Women and Religion

This article explores religious ideologies of women and examines the impact on woman’s political experiences. The analyses examine religious experience as a key component for investigating how women bodies and identities are situated in discourse on gender justice. Despite, the long history of women fighting for policies to protect their health, economic standing, national security and educational rights, subjective language of women in religious experiences highlight the prevalence of anti-feminist and anti-womanist ideology. Using both feminist and womanist theory, this exploratory study examines how woman’s religious experiences impact their political engagement and how they advocate for policy change. This study will also use research data, women’s personal narratives and speeches of prominent religious leaders in order to gauge gendered dimensions impacting the relationship between women and politics.
Recollections with John Robinson Pierce

John R. Pierce wrote in his autobiography, "However nostalgic I may be about the world of my childhood, it is gone, and so are the sorts of people who lived in it. Science and technology destroyed that world and replaced it with another. Now, people as well as things are different. How did those changes come about? Through what men, I among them, did they occur. Technology has no life or end of its own; men create technology in order to use it. I was drawn into the process of change through other men."
Equilibrium Thermodynamics Near the Glass Transition - The Conceptual Application of the Limiting Fictive Temperature

The enthalpy, entropy, specific heat, specific volume and the equilibrium shear viscosity of the deeply undercooled melt of the bulk glass forming alloy Pd40Ni40P20 have been determined as functions of temperature. The concept of limiting fictive temperature was applied to the entire set of measurements in order to allow for a valid comparison of the data based upon the respective equilibrium values. The comparison of the equilibrium properties shows that a proposed hierarchy of stability limits does not apply for this alloy. The results also indicate that the glass temperature as defined by the limiting fictive temperature does not depend on the property under observation.
When the negative is positive.

In this issue of Blood , Hosking and colleagues report the lack of correlation between genetic variants within the MHC and the risk of ALL.[1][1] Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. It is a biologically heterogeneous disease with B-cell precursor ALL as the most
Phosphodiesterases from porcine coronary arteries: inhibition of separated forms by xanthines, papaverine, and cyclic nucleotides.

This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of selective inhibition of either guanosine cyclic 39,59-monophosphate or adenosine cyclic 39,59-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activities of pig coronary arteries. Two peaks (I and II) of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity and a heat-stable, nondialyzable activator of peak I can be resolved from the intima plus media layer of pig coronary arteries by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Peak I catalyzes the hydrolysis of both cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP, but it has a much lower apparent K m (1-4 µM) for cyclic GMP than for cyclic AMP (40-100 µM). Peak II activity is relatively specific for cyclic AMP and exhibits apparent negative cooperative behavior. Papaverine, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (MIX), 39,59-cyclic nucleotides, and some 39,59-cyclic nucleotide derivatives inhibit these phosphodiesterases to different degrees. For example, papaverine is 3-4 times more potent as an inhibitor of peak II than of peak I while MIX is 5-6 times more potent as an inhibitor of peak I than of peak II activity. Theophylline shows little selectivity for either form. The degree of inhibition of peak I by each agent is virtually independent of the cyclic nucleotide used as substrate. Hydrolysis of cyclic AMP by peak I activity is decreased by cyclic GMP more effectively than cyclic GMP hydrolysis is decreased by cyclic AMP. K i values for inhibition of peak I activity by cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP correspond to their respective apparent K m values. Cyclic GMP also inhibits the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP by peak II, and it is as effective as MIX in this regard. The effects of none of the above agents on peak I were altered by the presence or absence of heat-stable, nondialyzable activator. N 2 ,29- O -Dibutyryl cyclic GMP, 8-bromo cyclic GMP, and N 6 ,29- O -dibutyryl cyclic AMP are, in general, more potent than theophylline as inhibitors of both forms of phosphodiesterase. 8-Bromo cyclic GMP and dibutyryl cyclic GMP are about 10 times more potent as inhibitors of peak I activity with either substrate than of peak II activity, whereas dibutyryl cyclic AMP is about 10 times more potent as an inhibitor of peak II activity than of peak I activity. 8-Bromo cyclic GMP is 4-6 times more potent as an inhibitor of fully activated peak I with either substrate than of activator-deficient peak I activity, but effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP or dibutyryl cyclic GMP are changed very little by the presence of the activator. These data suggest the possibility of selective pharmacological regulation of cyclic GMP or cyclic AMP levels through selective inhibition of coronary artery phosphodiesterase activities.
THE EVOLUTION OF A PATTERN OF SOUND PRODUCTION ASSOCIATED WITH COURTSHIP IN THE CHARACID FISH, GLANDULOCAUDA INEQUALIS

One of the most rewarding aspects of the study of animal behavior is the rare chance to trace back to its antecedents the emergence of an entirely new pattern of behavior, and to observe the changes in behavioral organization which have accompanied it. In Glandulocauda, a small, internally fertilizing South American characid fish, the production of a sound associated with rhythmic air-gulping has been incorporated into the male's courtship pattern; at least four of the remaining genera of the tribe to which Glandulocauda belongs are mute. The aims of the present paper are four. First, a description and analysis of the relation of sound production to courtship will be given. This will be followed by a description of the physical characters of the sound. Third, because of the association of sound production in Glandulocauda with rhythmic air-gulping, it must be determined whether or not air-gulping is of respiratory significance; experiments which indicate that it is not will be presented. Finally, a description will be given of the patterning of the putative feeding act, Nipping Surface; this act appears to be the antecedent of rhythmic air-gulping in Glandulocauda.
Single letter characterization of average-case strong redundancy of compressing memoryless sequences

We obtain a condition that is both necessary and sufficient to characterize strong universal compressibility (in the average sense) of sequences generated by iid sampling from a collection cP of distributions over a countably infinite alphabet. Contrary to the worst case regret formulation of universal compression, finite single letter (average case) redundancy of cP does not automatically imply that the expected redundancy of describing length-n strings sampled iid from cP grows sublinearly with n. Instead, we prove that asymptotic per-symbol redundancy of universally compressing length-n iid sequences from cP is characterized by how well the tails of their single letter marginals can be universally described, and we formalize the later as the tail-redundancy of cP.
The Normative Architecture of Reality: Towards an Object-Oriented Ethics

OF DISSERTATION THE NORMATIVE ARCHITECTURE OF REALITY: TOWARDS AN OBJECT-ORIENTED ETHICS The fact-value distinction has structured and still structures ongoing debates in metaethics, and all of the major positions in the field (expressivism, cognitivist realism, and moral error theory) subscribe to it. In contrast, I claim that the fact-value distinction is a contingent product of our intellectual history and a prime object for questioning. The most forceful reason for rejecting the distinction is that it presupposes a problematic understanding of the subject-object divide whereby one tends to view humans as the sole source of normativity in the world. My dissertation aims to disclose the background against which human ethical praxis is widely seen as a unique and special phenomenon among other phenomena. I show that ethical norms, as delimited by utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, etc., derive from an originary proto-ethical normativity at the heart of the real itself. Every object, human and nonhuman, presents itself as a bottomless series of cues or conditions of appropriateness that determine adequate and inadequate ways of relating to it. That is, objects demand something from other objects if they are to be related to; they condition other objects by soliciting a change in disposition, perception, or sense, and for this reason are sources of normativity in and unto themselves. Ethical norms, or values, are the human expression of the adequacy conditions with which all objects show themselves. In the post-Kantian landscape it is widely thought that human finitude constitutes the origin of ethical norms. Consequently, the world is divided up into morally relevant agents (humans) on one side, and everything else on the other. Adopting a deflationary view of agency, I argue that human-human and human-world relations differ from other relations in degree rather than kind. Thus, instead of a fact-value distinction, value is inextricably bound up with the factual itself. The critical upshot of my project is that traditional subject-oriented ethical theories have served to conceal the real demands of non-human objects (such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and artificially intelligent machines) in favor of specifically human interests. Such theories have also been leveraged frequently in exclusionary practices with respect to different groups within the human community (e.g. women and those of nonEuropean descent) based on arbitrary criteria or principles.
Detection of the first strain of salmonella Cremieu in China

Objective:Detection of Salmonella. Methods: Mainly according to the WS271-2007(Diagnostic criteria of infectious diarrhea) and WS280-2008(Diagnostic criteria typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever).Results: Detected a new serotype of Salmonella-Salmonella Cremieu(6,8:eh:6).Conclusion: Salmonella Cremieu is the first report in China.
The physiology of nerve transplantation.

SUMMARY As microsurgical techniques improve, attempts to restore function after severe nerve injury place greater demands upon the use of nerve grafts. Viable Schwann cells within these grafts are necessary to maximize nerve regeneration. Progress in decreasing nerve allograft antigenicity and the host response through immunosuppression may provide results comparable to nerve autografts. Although pretreatment methods aimed at reducing allograft antigenicity have yielded inconsistent and overall unsatisfactory results, cryopreservation can maintain Schwann cell viability and shows promise as a means of tissue banking. In addition, tissue typing for MHC I or II antigens and advances in immunosuppressive therapy have rendered encouraging results in experimental models. The use of transplanted nerve allografts remains experimental, yet efforts to understand the host rejection response, advances in immunotherapy, and the development of neurotrophic factors continue to reveal significant benefits over standard treatment methods.
e-Government's Hidden Inequality: Why Spending on Online Services can be Regressive and How to Avoid it

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of governmental online services' use. Extensive digital divide literature's findings show that the chances of using online services -- governmental in this case-vary extremely from one population group to another. Consequently, the groups that already accumulate several socioeconomic and digital advantages are the ones with considerably higher chances to enjoy the benefits of online services, thus perpetuating the rich-get-richer circle of inequalities. This document tries to present empirical evidence about this phenomenon in Latin America, using a nationally representative sample of 15 years and older Uruguayan Internet users, based on the World Internet Project + Uruguay 2013 survey. A binary logistic model regressing the chances of having ever used online governmental services is developed, taking into account stratification and digital divide hypotheses. Findings show that socioeconomic status (highest education level achieved, and adult ages), digital divide variables (more years since started using the Internet and daily frequency of use) and ownership of electronic means of payment are strong predictors of e-services' use. Simulations are developed to demonstrate how diverse ideal type-like Internet users have strikingly different probabilities of engaging with online governmental services. The document ends discussing the role of public policies to reduce the regressive externalities of e-government investments in a context of high social and digital stratification, presenting some of the initiatives the Uruguayan government has already developed to promote digital inclusion as good study cases.
Facial formation in normal and cadmium-treated golden hamsters.

In the golden hamster the critical days of palatal development occur between days 12 and 14 of gestation. During this period the shelves undergo transposition from vertical positions alongside the tongue to horizontal positions above it, and undergo fusion with each other. Palatal transposition, per se , probably takes place on or about day 12. Present data are insufficientto indicate in which direction this occurs. Although epithelial remnants arestill present in the midline of the palate on day 13, they have completely disappeared by day 14, thus signaling the completion of the fusion process. Preosteoblast areas are clearly visible on day 12 but actual ossification is first seen on day 13. Cadmium apparently has a marked deleterious affect on the head mesoderm of golden hamsters, causing the production of numerous malformations, including unilateral and bilateral cleft lips and palates. It is suggested that the clefts found in cadmium-treated hamsters are due to a mesodermal deficiency rather than to a delay in shelf transposition. Marked abnormalities in cartilage formation and delays in ossification are also described. The mechanism of action of cadmium—whether directly on the differentiating embryonic tissue, or indirectly through action on the maternal tissues—remains to be elucidated.
A short note on the maximal point-biserial correlation under non-normality.

The aim of this paper is to derive the maximal point-biserial correlation under non-normality. Several widely used non-normal distributions are considered, namely the uniform distribution, t-distribution, exponential distribution, and a mixture of two normal distributions. Results show that the maximal point-biserial correlation, depending on the non-normal continuous variable underlying the binary manifest variable, may not be a function of p (the probability that the dichotomous variable takes the value 1), can be symmetric or non-symmetric around p = .5, and may still lie in the range from -1.0 to 1.0. Therefore researchers should exercise caution when they interpret their sample point-biserial correlation coefficients based on popular beliefs that the maximal point-biserial correlation is always smaller than 1, and that the size of the correlation is always further restricted as p deviates from .5.
A Simple Computer Program for Mineral Recognition and Study for Geology Undergraduates

MinQuiz is a computer program that will run on virtually any PC. Its purpose is to provide an alternative way for geology undergraduates to learn to identify minerals. It is also suitable for use by introductory-geology students. The students themselves can build up, or at least edit, the database of minerals. Having accomplished this, the students can take either a “quiz,” where ten minerals are selected randomly from the database, or an “exam,” where ten minerals are taken sequentially beginning wherever the student specifies. Points are awarded for correct responses and deducted for incorrect answers. The instructor can elect to include some or all of the “bonus” questions, asking the mineral's formula, and through multiplechoice questions, the crystal system, association, occurrence, and look-alike minerals. The program is entered by using a password, allowing a record to be kept by the program of student usage including times, actions taken, and scores on quizzes and exams. Used properly, the program...
The dermatologic intimacy scale: quantitatively measuring the impact of skin disease on intimacy.

AbstractIntroduction: Patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly utilized in dermatology to assess the impact of skin disease on quality of life. Despite recognition of the influence of skin disease on intimate relationships, an instrument to assess intimacy has not been developed. The objective of this study was to create the dermatologic intimacy scale (DIS) and administer the prototype to a patient population.Methods: A group of healthcare providers at the University of California San Francisco created the DIS prototype. A total of 1676 psoriasis patients of an online community were invited to complete a cross-sectional survey including demographic information, DIS, body surface area (BSA) and anatomical involvement.Results: A total of 1109 patients completed the survey in its entirety. Patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis (BSA ≥3%) had a higher DIS score overall and for each individual question than patients with mild disease (BSA < 3%; p < .001). Patients with genitalia, nails, face, ne...
Listen to Your Drive: An In-Vehicle Sonification Prototyping Tool for Driver State and Performance Data

Automotive UI designers are searching for alternative avenues for delivering information to the driver that complement the mostly visual task of driving. Auditory channels provide the flexibility to display a wide variety of information to the driver without increasing the workload of driving task. It is important to identify types of auditory displays and sonification strategies that provide integral information necessary for the driving task, and not overload the driver with unnecessary or intrusive data. To this end, we have developed an in-vehicle interactive sonification system using the medium-fidelity simulator and neurophysiological devices. The system is intended to integrate driving performance data and driver affective state data in real-time. The present paper introduces the architecture of our in-vehicle interactive sonification system and potential sonification strategies for providing feedback to the driver in an intuitive and non-intrusive manner.
A mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis of metaphylaxis treatments for bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle.

Citation: Abell, K. M., Theurer, M. E., Larson, R. L., White, B. J., & Apley, M. (2017). A mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis of metaphylaxis treatments for bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 95(2), 626-635. doi:10.2527/jas2016.1062
Propagation of Laguerre-Gaussian vortex beams through mouse brain tissue

Transmittance of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) vortex beams in mouse brain tissue is measured with different orbital angular momentums (OAM). The transition point from ballistic to diffusive region for the mouse brain tissue is determined at about 480 μm. The observed transmittances of the LG beams show independence on OAM modes in both ballistic and diffusive regions, which may be attributed to the interference effects from brain tissue.
Justifying the Choice of the Unit

This chapter is the third of three consecutive chapters in this volume that focus on students’ reasoning as they compare the two fractions, 1/2 and 1/3, and determine the fractional difference between the two fractions using Cuisenaire rods to model their ideas. This chapter explores in depth the students’ reasoning about the concept of a unit as they move from thinking of a single model to considering two models concurrently.
Sensitivity analysis for variational inequalities

Sensitivity analysis results for variational inequalities are presented which give conditions for existence and equations for calculating the derivatives of solution variables with respect to perturbation parameters. The perturbations are of both the variational inequality function and the feasible region. Results for the special case of nonlinear complementarity are also presented. A numerical example demonstrates the results for variational inequalities.
Privatization and Commodification of the Resource

This chapter begins with a description of the major sectors engaged in the US water industry before turning to a discussion on the changing trends for privatization and commercial delivery of bottled water. One of these sectors is the private or commercial sector. Privatization refers to the private sector’s participation in water and wastewater utility ownership, management, or operations. In some respects, privatization can be understood as moving along a continuum of options from “completely public” to “completely private.” Private businesses in the water industry can take any one of four different forms: (1) provision of services and supplies such as laboratory work, meter reading, and chemicals; (2) contracting with a private firm for water and/or wastewater utility plant operation and maintenance; (3) contracting with a private firm for the design, construction, and operation of new facilities; and (4) sale of water utility assets to a private company.
The Jewish Ghetto and the Visual Imagination of Early Modern Venice

Dana E. Katz examines the Jewish ghetto of Venice as a paradox of urban space. In 1516, the Senate established the ghetto on the periphery of the city and legislated nocturnal curfews to reduce the Jews' visibility in Venice. Katz argues that it was precisely this practice of marginalization that put the ghetto on display for Christian and Jewish eyes. According to her research, early modern Venetians grounded their conceptions of the ghetto in discourses of sight. Katz's unique approach demonstrates how Venice's Jewish ghetto engaged the sensory imagination of its inhabitants in complex and contradictory ways that both shaped urban space and reshaped Christian-Jewish relations.
The PARTHENON Clinical Development Program: the Role of Ticagrelor in Patients with Atherothrombotic Disease

Although the rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality has declined over the last decade, it is still the leading cause of mortality in the USA, accounting for over 1.4 million deaths annually. In addition, total direct (primarily hospital admissions) and indirect costs of CVD in the US is over $316 billion annually and is expected to grow to over $918 billion by 2030. Much of the etiology of CVD is due to atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications, and central to this is the role of platelets. Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease, with meaningful morbidity and mortality when present in the coronary, cerebral, or major peripheral arteries. The recommended antiplatelet therapy differs based on the vascular bed impacted, with the optimal antiplatelet therapy yet to be defined. The PARTHENON program is a series of completed and ongoing phase III clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor in atherosclerotic CVD in comparison with established antiplatelet therapy or placebo. The overall aim of the program is to determine if more potent antiplatelet therapy, with different pharmacology, may reduce cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerotic disease.
Splice Variants and Phosphorylated Isoforms of Cyclin D1 in Tumorigenesis

Mammalian cells encode three highly homologous D-type cyclins (D1, D2, D3) that associate in a tissue-specific manner with either CDK4 or CDK6 to form an active protein kinase. The D-type cyclin/CDK kinase coordinates G1 progression in response to growth factor signaling. The cyclin D/CDK4 or CDK6 kinase is the first cyclin/CDK complex to be activated in mammalian cells during G1/S transition. While the three D-type cyclins are almost indistinguishable biochemically, cyclin D1 is the most frequently overexpressed or dysregulated in human cancer. The nature of this selectivity remains to be fully understood. While overexpression of cyclin D1 and its ensuing accumulation in tumor cell nuclei frequently result from chromosomal translocations or gene amplification events, such events do not represent the sole source of cyclin D1 dysregulation in human cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the role of posttranscriptional regulation of cyclin D1, the contribution of dysregulation of such regulatory events to human cancer, and the potential therapeutic opportunities this knowledge may afford.
A Wild Fable: Affect and Reception of Fernando de Rojas’ Celestina (1499)

Fernando de Rojas’ Celestina (1499) is one of the first books of prose fiction written in Spanish after the creation of the printing press. In Spain’s history of literature, Celestina is often considered the second most influential text after Cervantes’ Don Quixote, for its literary genius as well as for its success in Spain and throughout Europe. The chapter explores the question of how Celestina, and its eponymous character, managed to move its readership to the point that the narrative became one of the most successful works in early modernity. The essay identifies two sixteenth-century audiences of readers for Celestina: first, an educated humanist community made up primarily of students at the University of Salamanca—the intended readers—and second, a larger audience of lay readers (a group that most likely sealed the work’s success). Combining socio-literary-historical aspects of Celestina’s reception with research on the cognitive and affective mechanisms engaged in fiction reading, the chapter looks anew at the narrative’s reception history while considering how both sixteenth- and twenty-first-century mind science provides us with a more holistic picture of cognition and culture in the early modern period.
DNT detection using microspheres coated with NaYF4-Yb3+,Er3+-nanocrystals functionalized with PAA/PAH layers

In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of a chemical sensor for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), based on an opticalfiber- microsphere coated with upconversion nanocrystals functionalized with layers of polyelectrolytes - poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). The design consists of a microsphere, which supports whispering-gallery-modes (WGM), coupled to an optical fiber. The NaYF4-Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals have a bright fluorescence around 550 nm and 650 nm when irradiated with 980 nm, which is enhanced by the WGM. When functionalized with PAA/PAH layers, these nanocrystals can be coated on the microsphere with control over layer thickness. The presence of DNT on the surface of the microsphere quenches the fluorescence as the absorption spectrum of DNT has peaks in 500 - 600 nm. The effect of concentration of the analyte on the magnitude of quenching has been studied. The paper discusses the design, fabrication and characterization of the chemical sensor.
Structures for Model-Based Simulation Systems

Model-based simulation support systems aim to provide comprehensive and integrated support of the activities comprising the modelling and simulation enterprise. This chapter discusses several formal structures underlying the design of such support systems including the composition tree, system entity structure, and experimental frame. An example based on Elzas1 model-based negotiation methodology is employed to illustrate the system-theoretic concepts under discussion.
Potential for Improvements in Robustness and Optimality of Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy for Lung Cancer with 4-Dimensional Robust Optimization.

Background: Major challenges in the application of intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for lung cancer patients include the uncertainties associated with breathing motion, its mitigation and its consideration in IMPT optimization. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of four-dimensional robust optimization (4DRO) methodology to make IMPT dose distributions resilient to respiratory motion as well as to setup and range uncertainties; Methods: The effect of respiratory motion, characterized by different phases of 4D computed tomography (4DCT), was incorporated into an in-house 4DRO system. Dose distributions from multiple setup and range uncertainty scenarios were calculated for each of the ten phases of CT datasets. The 4DRO algorithm optimizes dose distributions to achieve target dose coverage and normal tissue sparing for multiple setup and range uncertainty scenarios as well as for all ten respiratory phases simultaneously. IMPT dose distributions of ten lung cancer patients with different tumor sizes and motion magnitudes were optimized to illustrate our approach and its potential; Results: Compared with treatment plans generated using the conventional planning target volume (PTV)-based optimization and 3D robust optimization (3DRO), plans generated by 4DRO were found to have superior clinical target volume coverage and dose robustness in the face of setup and range uncertainties as well as for respiratory motion. In most of the cases we studied, 4DRO also resulted in more homogeneous target dose distributions. Interestingly, such improvements were found even for cases in which moving diaphragms intruded into the proton beam paths; Conclusion: The incorporation of respiratory motion, along with setup and range uncertainties, into robust optimization, has the potential to improve the resilience of target and normal tissue dose distributions in IMPT plans in the face of the uncertainties considered. Moreover, it improves the optimality of plans compared to PTV-based optimization as well as 3DRO.
Feature Selection in Pattern Recognition

The subject of pattern recognition can be divided into two main areas of study: (1) feature selection and (2) classifier design, as summarized in Fig. 10.1. x(t) is a signal that belongs to K classes denoted by C 1 , C 2 ,..., C K .
Immune response and growth of stressed weanling pigs fed diets supplemented with organic or inorganic forms of chromium.

A 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized complete block designed study to determine the effects of chromium level and source on growth and immune response of stressed and non-stressed 3-wk-old crossbred weanling pigs (BW was 6.35 kg). Factors included 1) immune stress or control and 2) no supplemental Cr or .2 ppm of supplemental Cr from either CrCl 3 , Cr-picolinate, or Cr-nicotinic acid complex. The basal diet was a corn-soybean meal-whey diet containing 1.2% lysine. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was the stress-inducing agent and was injected on d 7, 10, and 13 of the experiment. Immune challenge with LPS resulted in reduced gain ( P .10). These data suggest that Cr supplementation was not beneficial during immune stress in pigs.
The Impact of Dose and Dose Frequency on Word Learning by Kindergarten Children With Developmental Language Disorder During Interactive Book Reading

Purpose The goal was to determine whether interactive book reading outcomes for children with developmental language disorder (DLD) were affected by manipulation of dose (i.e., the number of exposu...