cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conjugal visits could test the limits of the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause

Recently, several states have legalized same sex marriages. This will undoubtedly affect the criminal justice system in general, but its presence will probably first be experienced in corrections. It is widely known that some prisons allow inmates to participate in conjugal visits with their spouse. How will this practice be impacted by same sex marriages in those states which allow conjugal visits? Will prison officials be legally responsible for extending visitation to same sex spouses or can they legally exclude married homosexuals from participation?
Indomethacin-sensitive 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat tissues

The purified 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50) of rat liver cytosol is potently inhibited by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rank-order of their therapeutic potency, i.e. by micromolar concentrations that would inhibit cyclooxygenase [T. M. Penning, and P. Talalay, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 4504 (1983)]. In the present study, indomethacin-sensitive 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is shown to exist in seven rat tissues, including those that require androgens for growth (e.g. prostate) and those that rapidly metabolize prostaglandins (e.g. lung). Thus, the reduction of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone catalyzed by prostatic cytosol was potently inhibited by indomethacin (IC50 = 10 microM), while the reduction of 5 beta-dihydrocortisone catalyzed by liver, lung and testis was more sensitive to inhibition by this drug (IC50 1-3 microM). These data suggest that, under conditions in which cyclooxygenase is inhibited, androgen and cortisone metabolism may be affected. A surprising feature is that the specific activity of the indomethacin-sensitive dehydrogenase was higher in the lung than in tissues that are hormonally responsive (e.g. prostate and testis).
High-gain differential amplifier utilizing dielectric isolation

A linear differential amplifier was designed in dielectric isolated integrated circuit form for reduction of weight and heat dissipation in space probes. Radiation damage resistance was also a consideration. A dielectrically isolated structure was chosen to provide the resistance to radiation damage, since such units have proven capable of receiving over 1015is fast neutrons without failing. Thin film resistors were chosen over diffused resistors, partly for radiation damage resistance and partly because of the close matching tolerances necessary.
Effects of flecainide on ventricular function: Clinical and experimental correlations

Abstract Flecainide has unusual electrophysiologic properties and a high potency for the suppression of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Little is known about its inotropic and hemodynamic actions. In isolated rabbit papillary muscle, it produced a concentration-dependent depression of contractile force, the threshold concentration being 1.0 μg/ml. In patients undergoing coronary angiography for ischemic heart disease and given 1 (n = 11) and 2 mg/kg (n = 11) of flecainide acetate i.v., there was no change in heart rate or mean arterial pressure. The vehicle in which i.v. flecainide was suspended had no significant effects in 6 patients in whom it was tested. Both doses produced comparable hemodynamic effects irrespective of the level of the left ventricular ejection fraction. The mean right atrial pressure increased by 12% (p
Cytogenetic evidence for the origin of teosinte (Zea mays ssp. Mexicana)

Cytogenetic evidence has shown that teosinte (Zea mays ssp. mexicana (Schrad.) Iltes) and maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) are conspecific. They hybridize readily and their offspring are generally fertile. Teosinte could not have originated as a byproduct of maize-Tripsacum hybridization. Such introgression gave rise to plants that are phenotypically maize or Tripsacum, depending on which parent was used as a pollen donor. Compartive morphological and genetical studies indicated that it is more probable that maize originated from a teosinte-like ancestor under domestication, than that a maize-like plant gave rise to teosinte through a series of mutations.
Parental origin of chromosomes in Down's syndrome

The number of 21 chromosomes of 15 individuals with Down's syndrome and their parents were examined in an attempt to determine the parental origin of the extra number 21 chromosome and the stage of meiosis at which nondisjunction occurred. Chromosomes were stained with quinacrine hydrochloride and photographed; serial prints were made ranging from underexposed to overexposed. Twelve of the 15 families (80%) were informative: nondisjunction occurred in maternal meiosis I in eight (66.7%) families, in paternal meiosis I in two (16.7%) families, and in paternal meiosis II in two (16.7%) families. The production of serial exposures of chromosomes at the time of printing proved to be a valuable method of enhancing slight differences in short arm and satellite structure of the number 21 chromosomes and thereby increasing the number of informative families.
Traumatic stress as an area for research

Traumatic stress as a research area draws attention from several disciplines, each contributing its own unique tradition to the field. Three research backgrounds are described, including strengths and weaknesses. Research issues currently focus on the psychophysiological basis for stress reactions, the role of personality in stress response patterns, and the trauma stimulus as an independent variable. An overview of this issue's contributions is provided.
On the characterization of glacier response by a single time-scale

Glacier response to climate can be characterized by a single time-scale when the glacier changes sufficiently slowly. Then the derivative of volume with respect to area defines a thickness scale similar to that of Johannesson and others, and the time-scale follows from it. Our version of the time-scale is different from theirs because it explicitly includes the effect of surface elevation on mass-balance rate, which can cause a major increase in the time-scale or even lead to unstable response. The time constant has a dual role, controlling both the rate and magnitude of response to a given climate change. Data from South Cascade Glacier, Washington, U.S.A., illustrate the ideas, some of the difficulty in obtaining accurate values for the thickness and time-scales, and the susceptibility of all response models to potentially large errors.
Effect of restricted sight distances on driver behaviors during unprotected left-turn phase at signalized intersections

Abstract During the unprotected left-turn green phase at intersections on divided highways, if the median of the major road is relatively wide, the simultaneously turning vehicles in the opposing left-turn lanes often block drivers’ views for each other so as to influence the unprotected left-turn or U-turn gap acceptance behaviors. To identify the changes of those driving behaviors clearly associated with drivers’ restricted sight distances, a field data collection in this study was conducted at a signalized intersection with the potential sight distance problem. Both linear regression and logistic regression models were developed to estimate parameters of gap acceptances. The results showed that sight obstruction due to the opposite turning vehicles may contribute to significant increments of the critical gap and follow-up time. This could result in an extra traffic delay and a capacity reduction in the left-turn lane. Moreover, it was found that left-turn or U-turn drivers with the sight distance problem were more likely to accept smaller gaps so as to cause more traffic conflicts between turning traffic and opposing-through traffic. The analyses in this paper provide a better understanding of the relationship between highway visibility and traffic safety and operation.
Effects of immersion on spatial updating in virtual panoramas

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of immersion on a spatial updating task in a virtual panoramic environment (VPE). A virtual panorama, such as Google Streetview, is an environment that is comprised of 3D (spherical) images taken at regular intervals in a real world setting. Participants in this experiment navigated the National Mall area of Washington DC in Google Streetview using either a keyboard and mouse or a head-mounted display (HMD) with a head orientation tracker.
Can Genetic Pleiotropy Replicate Common Clinical Constellations of Cardiovascular Disease and Risk

The relationship between obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, kidney disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is established when looked at from a clinical, epidemiological or pathophysiological perspective. Yet, when viewed from a genetic perspective, there is comparatively little data synthesis that these conditions have an underlying relationship. We sought to investigate the overlap of genetic variants independently associated with each of these commonly co-existing conditions from the NHGRI genome-wide association study (GWAS) catalog, in an attempt to replicate the established notion of shared pathophysiology and risk. We used pathway-based analyses to detect subsets of pleiotropic genes involved in similar biological processes. We identified 107 eligible GWAS studies related to CVD and its established comorbidities and risk factors and assigned genes that correspond to the associated signals based on their position. We found 44 positional genes shared across at least two CVD-related phenotypes that independently recreated the established relationship between the six phenotypes, but only if studies representing non-European populations were included. Seven genes revealed pleiotropy across three or more phenotypes, mostly related to lipid transport and metabolism. Yet, many genes had no relationship to each other or to genes with established functional connection. Whilst we successfully reproduced established relationships between CVD risk factors using GWAS findings, interpretation of biological pathways involved in the observed pleiotropy was limited. Further studies linking genetic variation to gene expression, as well as describing novel biological pathways will be needed to take full advantage of GWAS results.
A three-dimensional stochastic spatio-temporal model of cell spreading

Cell motility is important for many physiological processes and the underlyingbiochemical reactions motility have been well characterized. Mathematical models, usingthe biochemical reactions and focused on different types of spreading behavior have beenconstructed and analyzed. In this study, we build on these previous models to develop athree-dimensional stochastic model of isotropic spreading of mammalian fibroblasts. The model is composed of three actin remodeling reactions that occur stochastically in space and time and are regulated by membrane resistance forces. Numerical simulations indicate that the model qualitatively captures the experimentally observed isotropic cell spreading behavior. We analyzed the effects of varying branching reaction rates, membrane resistance forces and capping protein concentrations on the dynamics of isotropic spreading. The simulations allowed us to identify the range within which branching reaction rates and membrane force values cooperate to yield isotropic spreading behavior. The model predicts increasing capping protein concentration would lead to a linear decrease in average peripheral velocity. We tested this prediction experimentally using varying concentrations of a pharmacologic agent (Cytochalasin D) that caps growing actin filaments. We find that the experimental results agree with the numerical simulations. Thus, a spatio-temporally complex model made up of a simple set of stochastic reactions near the cell surface, when constrained by membrane forces, can yield deterministic behavior as characterized by isotropic cell spreading.
Deep Vadose Zone Remediation: Technical and Policy Challenges, Opportunities, and Progress in Achieving Cleanup Endpoints

Current requirements for site remediation and closure are standards-based and are often overly conservative, costly, and in some cases, technically impractical. Use of risk-informed alternate endpoints provides a means to achieve remediation goals that are permitted by regulations and are protective of human health and the environment. Alternate endpoints enable the establishment of a path for cleanup that may include intermediate remedial milestones and transition points and/or regulatory alternatives to standards-based remediation. A framework is presented that is centered around developing and refining conceptual models in conjunction with assessing risks and potential endpoints as part of a system-based assessment that integrates site data with scientific understanding of processes that control the distribution and transport of contaminants in the subsurface and pathways to receptors. This system-based assessment and subsequent implementation of the remediation strategy with appropriate monitoring are targeted at providing a holistic approach to addressing risks to human health and the environment. This holistic approach also enables effective predictive analysis of contaminant behavior to provide defensible criteria and data for making long-term decisions. Developing and implementing an alternate endpoint-based approach for remediation and waste site closure presents a number of challenges and opportunities. Categories of these challenges include scientific andmore » technical, regulatory, institutional, and budget and resource allocation issues. Opportunities exist for developing and implementing systems-based approaches with respect to supportive characterization, monitoring, predictive modeling, and remediation approaches.« less
On recalls, layoffs, variable hours, and labor adjustment costs

Abstract The paper analyzes the employment policy of a firm that can vary both hours and the level of employment. The analysis differs from previous work in the adjustment cost literature in that the firm is able to change its employment not only through hires, layoffs, and quits, but also by recalls of employees who were previously laid off. Thus, we introduce the possibility of the firm inventorying the labor input. It is shown that this labor inventory potential is necessary if the firm is to ever lay off workers. Further, it is demonstrated that linear rather than strictly convex adjustment costs are then required if the firm is to always recall employees who were previously laid off prior to hiring new workers.
The spectrum of emergency care of agricultural trauma in central Wisconsin

Agriculture is among the most dangerous occupations in the United States. When injuries do occur, the emergency department (ED) is the primary source of care. Over a 2-year period, the emergency medicine section of the Marshfield Clinic/St Joseph's Hospital, cared for 913 victims of agricultural trauma. Although 11% were initially admitted and 4% were later treated, the remainder received their care solely in the ED. Unlike most occupational injuries, people of any age may be involved in agricultural injuries; 27% in this series were less than 18 years of age and 5% were 65 years or older. Just over half of all injuries were from mechanical devices, including tractor and farm machinery. The remainder were from animals, falls, or exposure. Although several different types of injuries occurred, the most common diagnoses were soft tissue injuries and fractures and the most common procedure was diagnostic radiography followed by wound and fracture care. An ED in a rural setting should be prepared to deal with agricultural trauma.
Pesticide-metabolizing enzymes

Pesticides are known to function as substrates, inhibitors and inducers of drug-metabolizing enzymes, with the same compound frequently acting in more than one of these roles. Current studies of phase I metabolism of pesticides include cytochrome P450 (P450) and the flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), with particular reference to individual isozymes. In mouse liver, the level of FMO1 is gender dependent, FMO3 is gender specific, while FMO5 appears to be gender independent. The isozyme specificity of methylenedioxyphenyl synergists for induction of P450 in mouse liver involves P450s 1A1, 1A2 and 2B10, including a non-Ah receptor-dependent mechanism for 1A2 induction. The substrate specificity of mouse and human P450 and FMO isozymes is discussed.
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE DELPHINID CETACEANS BASED ON FULL CYTOCHROME B SEQUENCES

Complete cytochrome b gene sequences from all but one species of delphinid plus four outgroups were analyzed using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and neighbor-joining methods. The results indicate the need for systematic revision of the family; a provisional classification is presented and compared to previous studies. Among the suggested revisions are removal of Orcinus from the Globicephalinae, placement of Grampus within the Globicephalinae, removal of all Lagenorhynchus spp. from the Delphininae, and placement of Sousa in the Delphininae. The genus Lagenorhynchus is found to be polyphyletic. L. albirostris (type species for the genus) and L. acutus are not closely related to each other or to nominal congeners. L. acutus is therefore assigned to the genus Leucopleurus. The remaining four Lagenorhynchus species are closely related to Lissodelphis and Cephalorbynchus and are placed in the genus Sagmatias. These three genera constitute the revised Lissodelphininae. Within the Delphininae, a well-supported clade includes the two species of Delphinus, Stenella clymene, S. frontalis, S. coeruleoalba, and the aduncus form of Tursiops truncatus. Accepting the monophyly of this group renders the genera Stenella and Tursiops polyphyletic. Apart from this finding, phylogenetic resolution within the Delphininae was poor, so comprehensive taxonomic revision of this group awaits further study.
Analytically and numerically derived H-infinity controller designs for Hubble Space Telescope

Efforts in designing controllers that improve the performance of the Hubble Space Telescope pointing control system in the presence of thermally induced solar array vibration disturbances are presented. The controller redesign provides an excellent opportunity to apply state-of-the-art design techniques to a realistic multi-input, multi-output plant. Available plant models are examined with regard to their utility for controller design and simulation. The performance of existing flight controllers is studied, yielding a redesign philosophy of providing high, broadband controller gain in the frequency ranges where significant disturbance power exists to achieve improved disturbance attenuation. Under this philosophy, a controller is obtained using a standard //oc design approach and an alternative design is accomplished through a numerical search-based algorithm. The new controllers are compared to an existing flight-tested controller via frequency response analysis and through a time-domain simulation that includes vehicle torque limits and an emulation of fixed-point arithmetic effects.
Beyond competence: The significance of performance for conceptual development

Abstract Conceptual constraints must change with age if they are to account for children's acquisition of kinds of knowledge that do not fall within the initial constraints. A bi-directional relation between competence and performance is therefore hypothesized, such that cognitive competences not only guide performance but also are shaped by it. This hypothesis offers a solution to the difficulties that current competence models have in accounting for developmental change. Goals are proposed as a potential source of changing constraints because they change with age, they shape what children do, and they also influence what children learn from what they do. These ideas are illustrated with examples drawn primarily from research on children's quantitative concepts.
Sociodemographic and educational correlates of hearing loss in Hispanic children.

Summary Sociodemographic and educational correlates of hearing loss were examined in Cuban-American, Mexican-American and Puerto Rican children 6–19 years of age. Logistic regression analyses indicated a greater risk of bilateral hearing loss among children living in crowded housing conditions or without health insurance, as well as among those who were below expected school grade level and whose parents reported low educational attainment levels. However, the strengths of these associations were small to moderate in magnitude and were not always consistent across the ethnic subgroups. These findings provide some evidence that hearing-impaired Hispanic children are more likely to reside in economically disadvantaged families and to be below their expected school grade level.
Reflections on the behaviour of reinforced concrete shells

Abstract Methods for the analysis of shell structures took a major step forward with the development of the finite element method. The advantages of the method lie in its ability to handle realistic support conditions including isolated column supports, edge beams placed eccentric to the shell surface, and thickness changes that may be present in the surface. There are some omissions and incompatibilities in the interaction of the shell with its edge beams. For some problems the choice of element has a significant impact upon the quality of the results. Shell structures achieve a substantial contribution to their strength from geometry. An important material characteristic of concrete is its ageing viscoelastic behaviour. This produces a change in geometry associated with the creep deflections. These changes in geometry can actually cause a change in the failure load for some shallow shells. One example for which this projected behaviour appears to have occurred to a hyperbolic paraboloidal shell which experienced a complete failure a number of years after completion. Nonlinear finite element techniques can be used to investigate load capacity of these shells.
Does the automotive industry need a standard engine test to measure journal bearing oil film thickness

Automotive manufacturers are dissatisfied with the high-temperature portion of the SAE Viscosity Classification, J300. This dissatisfaction occurs because the low-shear, 100°C conditions at which viscosities are specified are not representative of the conditions to which oils are subjected at operating temperatures in an engine. Recent efforts to modify the high-temperature viscosity specifications have dealt primarily with developing correlations between oil film thickness measured in the journal bearings of operating engines and viscosity values measured at different high-temperature, high-shear rate conditions in laboratory viscometers. However, it has also been suggested that the industry develop a standard engine test for measuring journal bearing oil film thickness, and that oils be ‘classified’ on the basis of film thickness rather than viscosity. This paper reviews the methods which have been developed to measure bearing film thickness, the correlations which have been calculated between film thickness and viscosity, and the conclusions drawn from such efforts. Reasons for relying on high-temperature, high-shear viscosity specifications rather than a standard industry bearing film thickness test are offered. In addition, the merits and drawbacks of developing an industry bearing distress test are also discussed.
A heuristic search algorithm for on-line system identification

The application of heuristic search techniques to system identification is described. The search algorithm is used for the development of ARMAX models of physical systems, and, in addition to heuristics used to search for appropriate polynomial orders, also contains heuristics for sampling rate selection, delay estimation, and model validation. When coded in rulebase form and coupled with an expert-supervised control architecture, a fully automated approach to modeling and control can be achieved. The development of the heuristic system identification algorithm is detailed, and a demonstration of the algorithm in the development of an ARMAX model of a sampled analog system is provided. >
Bronchoesophageal Fistula Due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cytomegalovirus in a Patient with AIDS

Porter and colleagues reported three cases of tuberculous bronchoesophageal fistulae in HIV-infected patients [1]. We recently cared for another such patient with concomitant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. A 40-year-old male was admitted for evaluation of fever, weight loss, and nonproductive cough, which occurred especially while he was drinking liquids. He had been known to be infected with HIV for 5 years but did not have a history of prior opportunistic infections. On physical examination he had fever (temperature to 103?F) but was in no distress. Examination of the lungs did not reveal any abnormalities. The CD4+ cell count was 44/mm3. Radiographs of the chest disclosed diffuse interstitial infiltrates and mediastinal fullness. A CT scan revealed extensive mediastinal infiltration, lymphadenopathy, and pneumomediastinum. A barium swallow demonstrated two discrete areas of extravasation; one area was 4-5 cm above the carina, and the second extended from the subcarinal area, which communicated with the right mainstem bronchus. Bronchoscopy demonstrated only mild endobronchial inflammation. Examination of biopsy specimens from the carinal area adjacent to the fistulous tract disclosed chronic inflammatory changes and eosinophilic inclusions consistent with CMV infection. Special stains were negative for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), fungi,
The Serotonin-Norepinephrine Link Hypothesis of Affective Disorders: Receptor-Receptor Interactions in Brain

The morphological organization of central monoamine systems has suggested a functional linkage of noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons ever since Dahlstrom and Fuxe (1964) demonstrated, by means of a sensitive fluorescence method, the neuronal localization of norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5HT) and mapped NE and 5HT containing cell bodies and terminals in the central nervous system. These and more recent studies show that NE and 5HT neurons form monosynaptic pathways between the lower brain stem and the cerebral cortex (Dahlstrom and Fuxe, 1964; Anden et al., 1966; Moore and Bloom, 1979; Levitt and Moore, 1978; Morrison et al., 1982; Consolazione and Cuello, 1982). With the introduction of immunohistochemical techniques, it became evident that NE and 5HT containing neurons project to the entire neuraxis and, within the cerebral cortex, to all six cortical layers, though some topographical and species differences exist (Lindvall and Bjorklund, 1984; Levitt et al., 1984). Early work also indicated a high degree of catecholamine innervation of 5HT cell bodies in the raphe nuclei (Dahlstrom and Fuxe, 1964) and the existence of a 5HT innervation of NE cell bodies in the locus coeruleus (Pickel et al., 1975). The details of the monoaminergic pathways in the central nervous system have been authoritatively reviewed (Jacobowitz, 1978; Moore and Bloom, 1979; Consolazione and Cuello, 1982). As pointed out by Fuxe et al. (1978), there is little doubt that the 5HT and NE neurons are linked together neuroanatomically and that they influence one another at various points on the neural axis.
Accountable MapReduce in cloud computing

In this paper, we propose Accountable MapReduce, which forces each machine to be held responsible for its behavior. We set up a group of auditors to perform an Accountability Test (A-test) which will check all working machines and detect malicious nodes in real time.
Bifurcation discovery tool

Motivation: Biochemical networks often yield interesting behavior such as switching, oscillation and chaotic dynamics. This article describes a tool that is capable of searching for bifurcation points in arbitrary ODE-based reaction networks by directing the user to regions in the parameter space, where such interesting dynamical behavior can be observed. Results: We have implemented a genetic algorithm that searches for Hopf bifurcations, turning points and bistable switches. The software is implemented as a Systems Biology Workbench (SBW) enabled module and accepts the standard SBML model format. The interface permits a user to choose the parameters to be searched, admissible parameter ranges, and the nature of the bifurcation to be sought. The tool will return the parameter values for the model for which the particular behavior is observed. Availability: The software, tutorial manual and test models are available for download at the following website: http:/www.sys-bio.org/ under the bifurcation link. The software is an open source and licensed under BSD. Contact: vijay_chickarmane@kgi.edu
Landmark matching on the sphere using distance functions

Nonlinear registration of 3D surfaces is important in many medical imaging applications, including the mapping of longitudinal changes in anatomy, or of multi-subject functional MRI data to a canonical surface for comparison and integration. To register 3D surfaces, such as the cortical surface of the brain, one approach is to transform them first to planar or spherical objects. Internal landmarks can then be matched on these simpler parameter domains. Here we study the diffeomorphic matching of landmarks on the sphere. Our method builds on the level set technique of Leow et al. for the plane. Both forward and backward matching terms are included, thus ensuring the invertibility of the representation. We demonstrate our technique on a pair of lines on the sphere. The overall approach improves on earlier work in cortical matching by allowing the matching energy to be relaxed along sulcal landmarks, minimizing distortion, and also enables point and curve landmarks to be aligned in the same general framework as densely-defined scalar fields, such as curvature or cortical thickness maps.
An empirical study of the complexity of data flow testing

An empirical study to determine the cost of using a family of test data adequacy criteria based on data-flow information is described. Evidence shows that even as the program size increases, the amount of testing, expressed in terms of the number of test cases sufficient to satisfy a given criterion, remains modest. A method of predicting the number of test cases that will be needed to satisfy a given criterion for a given program is explored. >
NOD/SCID mouse model of canine T-cell lymphoma with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy: cytokine gene expression profiling and in vivo bioluminescent imaging

Lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm arising from B or T lymphocytes. In dogs, one-third of lymphomas are highly aggressive multicentric T-cell lymphomas that are often associated with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HHM). There are no cell lines or animal models to investigate the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma and HHM in dogs. We developed the first xenograft model by injecting lymphoma cells from an Irish Wolfhound intraperitoneally into NOD/SCID mice. The mice developed multicentric lymphoma along with HHM and increased parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) as occurs in dogs with T-cell lymphoma. Using cytokine complementary DNA arrays, we identified genes that have potential implications in the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of T-cell lymphoma samples from hypercalcaemic canine patients showed that PTHrP likely plays a central role in the pathogenesis of HHM and that hypercalcaemia is the result of a combinatorial effect of different hypercalcaemic factors. Finally, we monitored in vivo tumour progression and metastases in the mouse model by transducing the lymphoma cells with a lentiviral vector that encodes a luciferase-yellow fluorescent protein reporter and showed that in vivo trafficking patterns in this model were similar to those seen in dogs. This unique mouse model will be useful for translational research in lymphoma and for investigating the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma and HHM in the dog.
Time-Delay Feedback Control of Complex Pathological Rhythms in AN Atrioventricular Conduction Model

We describe the emergence of complex cardiac rhythms in a nonlinear model of the atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction system, and a method based on linear time-delay feedback (LTDF) control for suppressing them. The LTDF controller is effective at suppressing these rhythms by stabilizing the map to one of a set of unstable fixed points. Additionally, we show that the method is robust to both measurement error and experimental noise.
Evaluation and Association Mapping of Resistance to Tan Spot and Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch in Adapted Winter Wheat Germplasm.

Tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), often occurring together, are two economically significant diseases of wheat in the Northern Great Plains of the United States. They are caused by the fungi Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Parastagonospora nodorum, respectively, both of which produce multiple necrotrophic effectors (NE) to cause disease. In this work, 120 hard red winter wheat (HRWW) cultivars or elite lines, mostly from the United States, were evaluated in the greenhouse for their reactions to the two diseases as well as NE produced by the two pathogens. One P. nodorum isolate (Sn4) and four Pyrenophora tritici-repentis isolates (Pti2, 331-9, DW5, and AR CrossB10) were used separately in the disease evaluations. NE sensitivity evaluation included ToxA, Ptr ToxB, SnTox1, and SnTox3. The numbers of lines that were rated highly resistant to individual isolates ranged from 11 (9%) to 30 (25%) but only six lines (5%) were highly resistant to all isolates, indicating limited sources of resistanc...
Heart malformation: what are the chances it could happen again?

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common human birth defect worldwide,1 taking a tremendous toll on affected families, caregivers, and healthcare systems. Approximately 40 000 children are born each year in the United States with a heart malformation, and at least another 40 000 are born annually with subclinical malformations that result in heart disease later in adulthood. Significant advances in cardiac care and surgery have lowered mortality, and there are now >1 million survivors of CHD in the United States. As a result, the economic effects of CHD are substantial, particularly when lifetime costs of management are considered. Article see p 295 As an increasing proportion of the CHD population reaches reproductive age, questions of the genetic contribution to disease and risk of transmission have become paramount. Such individuals also often suffer age-dependent complications in heart function that may be related to the initial developmental and/or genetic insult that resulted in the CHD. Although their causes remain generally unknown, most CHDs are thought to have a multifactorial origin with an interplay of genetic and environmental effects.2 However, the relative contributions of genes and the environment have been difficult to discern. In this issue of Circulation , Oyen et al3 use a uniquely sized and annotated population to estimate recurrence risk for specific CHDs in families and thereby indirectly assess the role of genetic inheritance in CHD. A number of studies have attempted to quantify the risks conferred by a family history of CHD, demographic qualities, or environmental exposures.4,5 Gestational insults such as rubella infection and gestational diabetes can predispose to CHD, as can exposure to ethanol and other teratogens like retinoic acid.4,6 Although the incidence of CHD is higher in the setting of these exposures, most fetuses remain unaffected, suggesting that only a …
A Granulomatous Colitis of Dogs with Histologic Resemblance to Whipple's Disease

A disease is described in Boxer dogs clinically characterized by an intractable, sometimes hemorrhagic chronic diarrhea. Nine cases were studied from one kennel. Pathologically the disease is defin...
Allergen absorption in the intestine: Implication for food allergy in infants

26. Michalek SM. Kiyono H, Wannemuehler MJ, Mosteller LM, McChee JR. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulation of the immune responses: LPS inhuence on oral tolerance induction. J Immunol 1982;128:1992. 27. Roberts SA, Soothill JF. Provocation of allergic response by supplementary feeds of cow’s milk. Arch Dis Child 1982; 57:128. 28. Wostmann BS, Pleasants JR, Bealmear P. Dietary stimulation of immune mechanisms. Fed Proc 1971;30:1779. 29. Shannon WR. Demonstration of food proteins in human breast milk by anaphylactic experiments on guinea-pigs. Am J Dis Child 1921;22:223. 30. Kulangara AC. Demonstration of ingested wheat antigens in human breast milk. IRCS Med Sci 1980;8:19. 3 I. Colwell M, Meyer RR, Pazdemik TL, Halsey JF. Immunologic tolerance to dinitrophenylated human gamma globulin induced via colostrum. Cell Immunol 1980;52:229. 32. Jakobsson I, Lindburg T. Cow’s milk as a cause of infantile colic in breast fed infants. Lancet 1978:2:438. 33. Miller DL, Hirovonen T, Gitlin D. Synthesis of IgE by the human conceptus. J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL 1973;52:182. 34. Gerrard JW. Allergy in breast fed babies to ingredients of breast milk. Ann Allergy 1979;42:69. 35. Bjorksten B. Does breast-feeding prevent the development of allergy? Immunol Today 1983;4:2 15. 36. Bjorksten F, Saarinen UM. IgE antibodies to cow’s milk in infants fed breast milk and milk formulae. Lancet 1978:2:624. 37. Juto P, Bjorksttn B. Serum IgE in infants and influence of type of feeding. Clin Allergy 1980:10:593. 38. Firer MA, Hosking CS, Hill DJ. Effect of antigen load on development of milk antibodies in infants allergic to milk. Br Med J 1981;283:693. 39. Hopp RJ, Bewtrd AK, Watt GD, Nair NM, Townley RG. Genetic analysis of allergic disease in twins. J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL 1984;73:265.
Improved Twiddle Access for Fast Fourier Transforms

Optimizing the number of arithmetic operations required in fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms has been the focus of extensive research, but memory management is of comparable importance on modern processors. In this article, we investigate two known FFT algorithms, G and GT , that are similar to Cooley-Tukey decimation-in-time and decimation-in-frequency FFT algorithms but that give an asymptotic reduction in the number of twiddle factor loads required for depth-first recursions. The algorithms also allow for aggressive vectorization (even for non-power-of-2 orders) and easier optimization of trivial twiddle factor multiplies. We benchmark G and GT implementations with comparable Cooley-Tukey implementations on commodity hardware. In a comparison designed to isolate the effect of twiddle factor access optimization, these benchmarks show typical speedups ranging from 10% to 65%, depending on transform order, precision, and vectorization. A more heavily optimized implementation of GT yields substantial performance improvements over the widely used code FFTW for many transform orders. The twiddle factor access optimization technique can be generalized to other common FFT algorithms, including real-data FFTs, split-radix FFTs, and multidimensional FFTs.
The Effect of Music on Peer Awareness in Preschool Age Children with Developmental Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of music on peer awareness in preschool age children with developmental disabilities. Specifically, this study sought to find which combinations of musical and play elements produced the longest durations of sustained attention towards peers and the highest frequency of alternating attention from peer to peer. Nine children between the ages of 2 and 6 who had been diagnosed with a developmental disability participated in the study. Each participant completed 4 small group sessions with the researcher and 2 other research participants. During each session, the children participated in activities targeting peer awareness that incorporated musical and play elements. Behavioral data were recorded representing the children's sustained and alternating attention towards peers. Results indicated that children sustained attention towards peers for the longest durations and alternated attention from peer to peer at the highest frequencies during activities that utilized a musical object within a nonmusical or play-based context.
Modeling of Near-Electrode Layers for MHD Power Panels on Reentering Space Vehicles

The design of appropriate electrodes is of critical importance for the ecien t operation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation devices on re-entering space vehicles. In particular, thermionic emission from the cathode is necessary to produce adequate current to generate signican t quantities of power. This paper describes some experiments performed on thermionically emitting materials and links the experimental results to numerical models of current o w between MHD electrodes.
Behavior Control Technology

Since Freud’s initial discoveries about the treatment of anxiety, techniques to control behavior have been developed in an astonishing number of areas of human activity. As a result, practitioners of psychology are experiencing a golden age. Their services and advice are sought and accepted in practically all fields of human activity. Newspapers describe the activities and opinions of psychologists on marriage, love, child rearing, and other aspects of day-to-day life. In the fields of marketing, personnel, training, selection, and more, executives rely on the advice and opinions of consulting psychologists.
Medical Management of Small Aortic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Aneurysmal degeneration of the abdominal aortic and iliac arteries (referred to as AAA) is a common and potentially lethal age-related disease process. Advanced age, history of cigarette smoking, male gender, and family history have been the most frequently recognized AAA risk factors identified in prior screening studies. At this point in time, the best predictor of rupture risk is aneurysm diameter. Typically when the aneurysm enlarges beyond 5–5.5 cm, progressive degenerative changes predominate, leading, in some cases, to mechanical failure. Currently mechanical intervention is shown to be the only treatment effective in preventing AAA rupture and aneurysm-related death; however, in the last decade, endovascular aneurysm repair has gained acceptance as an alternative to open surgical repair with reduced periproc-edural risks. Recently, there is evidence from a number of studies suggesting that statins may influence aneurysm growth rate, presumably via pleiotropic effects. Additionally, β -blockers, ACE inhibitors, macrolides, and tetracy-clines have all been proposed as a treatment for AAA with varying rationales and degrees of success.
Sympathetically Correlated Activity of Dorsal Horn Neurons in Spinally Transected Rats

Chau, David, Namjin Kim, and Lawrence P. Schramm. Sympathetically correlated activity of dorsal horn neurons in spinally transected rats. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2966–2974, 1997. In mammals with an in...
24‐hour work shifts, sedentary work, and obesity in male firefighters

Background Little is known about the occupational risk factors for obesity in US firefighters. Methods 308 male California firefighters, who participated in a work and obesity project, were chosen. Working conditions were measured with a firefighter-specific occupational health questionnaire. Adiposity was clinically assessed using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percent. Results In a multivariate analysis, the prevalence of obesity by all measures was significantly higher (PRs = 3.69–6.03, P < 0.05) in the firefighters who reported seventeen to twenty-one shifts than those who reported eight to eleven shifts in the past month. Prolonged sedentary work was also a risk factor for obesity by BMI (PR = 4.18, P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a linear dose-response relationship of obesity by BMI and WC with the number of 24-hr shifts and sedentary work. Conclusions Many additional 24-hr shifts and prolonged sedentary work substantially increased the risk for obesity in male firefighters. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sampling of Non-Point Source Contamination in High-Capacity Wells

In order to ascertain the variability in analytical concentrations that could occur during pumping of high-capacity irrigation wells, nitrate and atrazine concentrations were measured during prolonged pumping. Five high-capacity irrigation wells were selected in heavily irrigated areas of Nebraska with non-point source contamination. The wells were screened in different sediment types which included sands and gravels, sandstone, and fractured siltstone. Results indicated that in four of the wells random variations in the concentrations of the two analytes were dampened during the first 0.25 hr of pumping after which fluctuations in concentrations hardly exceeded the analytical method precision. Papadopulos and Cooper (1967) estimates for equilibration time between the well and aquifer best approximate the actual time necessary for the stabilization of these agrochemicals in pumped groundwater in established areas of non-point source contamination. The progressive decrease in nitrate and atrazine concentrations during the pumping of the fifth well, which is in an area of emerging non-point source contamination, reflects the radial variability in analytical concentrations in the aquifer around the well and correlates well with land use, geological conditions and well design. In this case, longer pumping times provided the data necessary for estimation of the spatial distribution of contaminants. Therefore, in the more transmissive formations, samples can be taken after 0.25 hr of pumping. Longer purge times may be necessary in emerging areas of non-point source contamination with complex lithology and short-screen wells.
Ferroelectric Properties of SBT (Sr/Bi/Ta = 0.8/2.3/2) Thin Films Using a Novel Chemical Solution Deposition

A new chemical route using an alkanolamine chelating agent for synthesis of ferroelectric Sro 0.8 Bi 2.3 Ta 2 O 9 (SBT) thin films is investigated. The addition of alkanolamine provided stability to the SBT solution by retarding the hydrolysis and condensation rates. This solution could be stored for 30 days without any appreciable change of the properties. The crystallinity and the microstructure of the SBT thin films improved with increasing annealing temperature, and strongly influenced the ferroelectric properties. This alkanolamine modified films annealed at 800 °C exhibited low voltage saturation, high remanent polarization and resistance to fatigue after 10 10 switching cycles. These electrical properties are favorable for non-volatile memory applications.
The relationship between a spatial gradient for exploratory behavior and latent learning

Magnitude of cul preference changed as a function of time of exploration. Initially the cul close to the start box was most preferred. This preference was retained over a 5 min. period, but its magnitude was decreased. These orderly changes may be useful in explaining one type of latent learning experiment where free exploration precedes acquisition. The acquisition data partially support this position.