cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of CD49f in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: potential usefulness in minimal residual disease detection.

Background: The persistence of minimal residual disease (MRD) following therapy is an established prognostic factor in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pB-ALL). Detection of MRD in pB-ALL by flow cytometric immunophenotyping requires demonstration of abnormal antigen expression in leukemic B-cell precursors relative to that of normal B-cell precursors. The gene encoding CD49f (integrin α-6) is one of several whose overexpression in pB-ALL at diagnosis has been associated with the subsequent detection of MRD. However, whether CD49f might be a useful reagent in the immunophenotypic detection of MRD in pB-ALL has not been evaluated. Methods: We evaluated CD49f expression by 4-color flow cytometry in normal B-cell precursors, and in a series of cases of pB-ALL, both at diagnosis and at intervals following the initiation of therapy. Results: In 10 control marrow samples, CD49f was undetectable or extremely dim in all but a minor subset of normal CD19+ B-lineage cells, whereas in 11 of 15 cases (73%) of pB-ALL, CD49f was moderate or bright at diagnosis, and persisted or became brighter after initiation of therapy. MRD detected using CD49f corresponded precisely with that obtained using a standard panel of antibodies, and permitted the detection of leukemic populations comprising as little as 0.02% of cells. Of the four pB-ALL cases in which CD49f was undetectable or dim at diagnosis, MRD was detected in two; in one of these, CD49f expression was substantially increased in the leukemic cells that persisted following initiation of therapy. Conclusions: CD49f is commonly overexpressed in p-B-ALL, and represents a potentially useful marker for the immunophenotypic detection of MRD. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society How to cite this article: DiGiuseppe JA, Fuller SG, Borowitz MJ. Overexpression of CD49f in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: potential usefulness in minimal residual disease detection. Cytometry Part B 2008.
Role of p63 and basal cells in the prostate

The prostate contains two major epithelial cell types – luminal and basal cells - both of which develop from urogenital sinus epithelium. The cell linage relationship between these two epithelial types is not clear. Here we demonstrate that luminal cells can develop independently of basal cells, but that basal cells are essential for maintaining ductal integrity and the proper differentiation of luminal cells. Urogenital sinus (UGS) isolated from p63 +/+ and p63 –/– embryos developed into prostate when grafted into adult male nude mice. Prostatic tissue that developed in p63 –/– UGS grafts contained neuroendocrine and luminal cells, but basal cells were absent. Therefore, p63 is essential for differentiation of basal cells, but p63 and thus basal cells are not required for differentiation of prostatic neuroendocrine and luminal epithelial cells. p63 –/– prostatic grafts also contained atypical mucinous cells, which appeared to differentiate from luminal cells via activation of Src. In the response to castration, regression of p63 –/– prostate was inordinately severe with almost complete loss of ducts, resulting in the formation of residual cystic structures devoid of epithelium. Therefore, basal cells play critical roles in maintaining ductal integrity and survival of luminal cells. However, regressed p63 –/– prostate did regenerate in response to androgen administration, indicating that basal cells were not essential for prostatic regeneration.
Intravascular ultrasound assessment of the renal artery.

▪ Objective: To determine the feasibility and diagnostic value of catheter-based intravascular ultrasound imaging compared with angiography for visualizing renal artery structure. ▪ Design: Renal a...
Effect of previous diet on response of hepatic enzyme activities to a 24-hour fast.

Abstract The effects of a 24-hr. fast on the activities of 15 hepatic enzymes of rats fed three different diets were studied. One was a stock diet devoid of free hexoses; the other two were fat-free and contained 60% glucose or fructose. Rats previously fed the stock diet exhibited changes in enzyme activities (glucose-6-phosphatase, glutamate-alanine transaminase, aldolase, and phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase) compatible with the development of increased gluconeogenesis and decreased glycolytic throughput. Rats previously fed the 60% glucose diet exhibited changes, as a result of fasting, that were qualitatively similar to those observed in rats fed the stock diet. The extent of decline in enzyme activities in the livers of the glucose-fed rats exceeded that in rats fed the stock diet. This may be related to the initially higher levels of enzyme activities in the glucose-fed animals. The substitution of fructose for glucose in the diet greatly reduced the loss of enzyme activities in fasted rats, despite the fact that the prefasting levels of enzyme activities in the fructose-fed rats were as high as or higher than those in the glucose-fed rats.
Formation of high-quality I-III-VI semiconductor nanocrystals by tuning relative reactivity of cationic precursors.

A method for the synthesis of nearly monodisperse CuInS2 semiconductor nanocrystals (from <2 to 20 nm) was developed using generic and air-stable chemicals in a non-coordinating solvent. Such “greener” approaches also allowed the reaction temperatures to be below 200 °C. By introducing reactivity-controlling ligands for Cu, namely thiols, control of the Cu:In stoichiometric ratio in the nanocrystals was achieved. Amines were identified as catalytic reagents for the rapid oxidation of the CuInS2 nanocrystals, which could be prevented by the formation of CuInS2/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals by a one-pot approach. CuInS2/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals also showed greatly improved optical properties, with photoluminescence quantum yield up to about 30% and an emission peak position tunable from 500 to 950 nm. The versatility of the synthetic strategy was demonstrated by extending it to the synthesis of AgInS2 nanocrystals by simply replacing the copper salt by a silver salt.
Etiology of perfusion-diffusion magnetic resonance imaging mismatch patterns.

Background and Purpose. Diffusion-and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI and PWI) are useful tools for the assessment of brain ischemia. Discrepancies between the extent of DWI and PWI abnormalities are thought to depend pre dominantly on time from symptom onset to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. However, underlying ischemic stroke etiology can also be important. A mismatch may indicate the presence of tissue at risk for infarction, whereas the rele vance of other DWI/PWI patterns is uncertain. The authors therefore investigated the etiology of brain ischemia in patients with different DWI/PWI patterns. Methods. Retrospective study of 130 patients with acute brain ischemia and detailed stroke workup, including MRI within a week after symptom onset (40 ± 39 hours). Patients were divided into the following groups: mis-match (PWI > DWI), reverse mismatch (DWI > PWI), and match (<25% difference between PWI and DWI). Results. Mismatch occurred in 49% of patients, whereas 22% had reverse mis-match and 29% matched lesions. Time from symptom onset to MRI examination was similar between the 3 groups. Largeartery atherosclerosis increased by almost 4-fold the odds of mismatch (odds ratio: 3.89, 95% confidence interval: 1.72–8.78; P < .001), whereas patients with reverse mismatch were likely to have cryptogenic stroke. Patients with matched lesions were similarly distributed among different stroke subtypes. Con clusions. Ischemic stroke etiology appears to influence the development of specific DWI/PWI patterns. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these observations.
Lack of effectiveness of calcium chloride in refractory asystole

The effectiveness of calcium chloride in aystole has been challenged; retrospective studies have not supported its use. We conducted a prospective, randomized, blinded study comparing the effectiveness of calcium chloride with saline in the prehospital paramedic setting. Seventy-three patients who had received epinephrine, bicarbonate, and atropine and were in refractory asystole were included in the study, which was conducted from October 1982 to October 1983. Traumatic and pediatric arrests were excluded. The successful resuscitation rate was three of 39 in the calcium group versus one of 34 in the saline group (P
An evaluation of classification methods for level II land-cover categories in Ohio

The purpose of this research was to evaluate six classifiers applied to Landsat-7 data for accuracy of Level II land-cover categories in Ohio. These methods consist of (1) USGS National Land Cover Data; (2) the spectral angle mapper; (3) the maximum likelihood classifier; (4) the maximum likelihood classifier with texture analysis; (5) a recently introduced hybrid artificial neural network; (6) and a recently introduced modified image segmentation and object-oriented processing classifier. The segmentation object-oriented processing (SOOP) classifier outperformed all others with an overall accuracy of 93.8% and Kappa Coefficient of 0.93. SOOP was the only classifier to have by-class producer and user accuracies of 90% or higher for all land-cover categories. A modified artificial neural network (ANN) classifier had the second highest overall accuracy of 87.6% and Kappa of 0.85. The four remaining classifiers had overall accuracies less than 85%. The SOOP classifier was applied to Landsat-7 data to perform a level II land-cover classification for the state of Ohio.
Ocular Manifestations and Treatment of Hemifacial Atrophy

Enophthalmos, flattening of the maxilla that may progress to inferior orbital rim and floor defects, eyelid atrophy, and slight relative hypotony occurred in patients with hemifacial atrophy. Less common manifestations included pupillary and iris abnormalities, vertical muscle imbalances, and retinal changes. The prognosis for vision was good. Fluid silicone injection was the major modality in treatment and the results were generally excellent.
We Are the Poors: Community Struggles in Post-Apartheid South Africa

When Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa in 1994, freedom-loving people around the world hailed a victory over racial domination. The end of apartheid did not change the basic conditions of the oppressed majority, however. Material inequality has deepened and new forms of solidarity and resistance have emerged in communities that have forged new and dynamic political identities. We Are the Poors follows the growth of the most unexpected of these community movements, beginning in one township of Durban, linking up with community and labor struggles in other parts of the country, and coming together in massive anti-government protests at the time of the UN World Conference Against Racism in 2001. We Are the Poors follows the growth of the most unexpected of these community movements, beginning in one township of Durban, linking up with community and labor struggles in other parts of the country, and coming together in massive anti-government protests at the time of the UN World Conference Against Racism in 2001. It describes from the inside how the downtrodden regain their dignity and create hope for a better future in the face of a neoliberal onslaught, and shows the human faces of the struggle against the corporate model of globalization in a Third World country.
Capillary Electrochromatography of Proteins on an Anion-Exchanger Column

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) of proteins was carried out using 50-μm-i.d. fused-silica capillaries packed with 5-μm silica beads having strong anion-exchanger functions attached to hydrophilic spacers at the chromatographic surface. The siliceous microspheres and the capillary innerwall were treated first with a heterobifunctional silanizing agent and reacted subsequently with a vinyl monomer containing quaternary ammonium groups to form a “tentacular” anion exchanger. A mixture of bovine carbonic anhydrase, α-lactalbumin, soybean trypsin inhibitor, and ovalbumin was separated using CEC by isocratic elution in the codirectional mode with aqueous phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing sodium chloride. The retention mechanism of isocratic CEC for proteins on the anion-exchanger column was illustrated by the results of a study on the effect of salt concentration on the separation. The potential of CEC for protein separation with high resolution was also demonstrated by electrochromatograms of conalbum...
Numerical simulation of dendritic solidification with convection: two-dimensional geometry

A front tracking method is presented for simulations of dendritic growth of pure substances in the presence of flow. The liquid-solid interface is explicitly tracked and the latent heat released during solidification is calculated using the normal temperature gradient near the interface. A projection method is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. The no-slip condition on the interface is enforced by setting the velocities in the solid phase to zero. The method is validated through a comparison with an exact solution for a Stefan problem, a grid refinement test, and a comparison with a solution obtained by a boundary integral method. Three sets of two-dimensional simulations are presented: a comparison with the simulations of Beckermann et al. (J. Comput. Phys. 154, 468, 1999); a study of the effect of different flow velocities; and a study of the effect of the Prandtl number on the growth of a group of dendrites growing together. The simulations show that on the upstream side the dendrite tip velocity is increased due to the increase in the temperature gradient and the formation of side branches is promoted. The flow has the opposite effect on the downstream side. The results are in good qualitative agreement with published experimental results, even though only the two-dimensional aspects are examined here.
Mechanisms of glucocorticosteroid action in bronchial asthma.

Although their precise mechanisms of action are undefined, the usefulness of CCS in the treatment of asthma is unquestioned. It is clear that they act at multiple sites. Among the general actions of CCS felt to be applicable to asthma are their ability to facilitate beta-adrenergic responsiveness and to suppress inflammation. More specific actions relevant to asthma are their inhibition of eicosanoid formation (e.g., reduction in leukotriene formation), prevention and reversal of LPR (probably through CCS anti-inflammatory effects), and reduction in mucus secretion. Actions that have not yet been clarified but that may be useful include possible reductions in airway hyperreactivity (or at least the prevention of increases in reactivity superimposed upon overreactive airways) and suppression of basophil (but not mast cell) mediator release.
Receptor downregulation and multivesicular-body sorting

The sorting of proteins into the inner vesicles of multivesicular bodies is required for many key cellular processes, which range from the downregulation of activated signalling receptors to the proper stimulation of the immune response. Recent advances in our understanding of the multivesicular-body sorting pathway have resulted from the identification of ubiquitin as a signal for the efficient sorting of proteins into this transport route, and from the discovery of components of the sorting and regulatory machinery that directs this complex process.
The “Cogwheeling” of Don Browning: Examining his Eriksonian perspective

Pastoral theologian Don Browning's assessment of recently deceased psychoanalyst Erik H. Erikson's developmental theories is traced chronologically through three of Browning's major works. Browning reaches the conclusion that Erikson espouses a normative vision of how “good persons” should live, which Browning critiques insofar as Erikson is unconscious of his intent. A series of critiques and observations about Browning's perspective is offered, including the suggestion that Browning's academic work may mirror the “cog-wheeling” theme so prevalent in Erikson.
Synthesis of a Three-Layer Organic Thin Film Prepared by Sequential Reactions in the Absence of Solvents

We report the synthesis of a trilayer organic thin film on Au prepared via vapor-phase coupling of surface-confined 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA), hexamethylenediamine (HMDA), and 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (TFMBC). The surface is prepared by activating the MUA monolayer with vapor-phase trifluoroacetic anhydride, which yields anhydrides at the solid/vapor interface. Next, the surface is exposed to vapor-phase HMDA to form an amine-terminated bilayer linked to MUA via both covalent amide bonds and electrostatic acid/base interactions. The bilayers are then capped with vapor-phase TFMBC to form a third covalently bound fluorinated layer. The reaction products are confirmed by Fourier transform infrared−external reflection spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data are supported by ellipsometric measurements and contact-angle goniometry, which show modulation in both the film thickness (1.2 to 2.1 nm) and contact angle (15 to 106°) as the film progresses from the MUA monolayer to the final trilayer pr...
COST OF MAINTAINING DEVELOPMENTALLY DISABLED AND NORMAL HIGH RISK INFANTS FOLLOWING DISCHARGE FROM A NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

The cost of maintaining 34 developmentally disabled (DD) infants during the first 2 years after discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit was evaluated prospectively. All infants had neurologic sequelae and additional deficits,including visual impairment(10), hearing deficits (2), seizures (13) and speech impairment(12). Nineteen infants matched for age, birth weight, gestation, neonatal medical course and socio-economic status who had normal neurological and developmental examinations served as controls.
An integration approach to microfluidic flow sensing and actuation using electrolytic bubbles

In this paper we demonstrate an integration approach for making high-density microfluidic systems. A complex microfluidic system including both sensors and actuators was constructed on silicon chip. Electrically addressable bubble-based valves were used to regulate the fluid flow. A number of electrolytic bubble sensors were placed in parallel channels (sensing limb) connected with the main flow channel for measurements of open channel pressure in real-time. All the fluidic components were made using a single microfabrication process. The pressure dependence of the bubble-based sensor was systematically investigated by applying an inlet pressure ranging from 101 kPa to 133 kPa, while keeping the outlet pressure at atmosphere. The results show that open flow pressure can be accurately measured using the bubble-based sensor located in an adjacent sensing limb. The bubble-shrinking rate can also serve as a measurable parameter for the pressure in main fluidic channel. The experimental data validated with 3D numerical simulation results. The electrolytic bubble-based approach provides an ability to integrate a large number of microfluidic components on a monolithic lab-chip.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOUDNESS AND REACTION TIME IN NORMAL HEARING LISTENERS

Equal-loudness contours were constructed from magnitude estimation judgments in 10 normal-hearing listeners. Equal-latency contours were constructed from auditory reaction time measurements in these same listeners. The stimuli were pure tones ranging from 250–4000 Hz in octave intervals. Equal-loudness contours were in good agreement with those obtained by previous researchers, and the equal-latency curves were in good agreement with the equal-loudness contours.
'Srcasm: a novel Src activating and signaling molecule.

The Src family tyrosine kinase, Fyn, can facilitate regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Mice with mutations in the fyn gene have defects in the brain, immune system, and epidermal differentiation. To identify molecules that may interact with Fyn in the epidermis, we performed a yeast two-hybrid interaction screen of a murine keratinocyte library. A novel adaptor-like molecule was isolated and termed Srcasm for Src activating and signaling molecule. Murine Srcasm is a 52.7-kDa protein that contains a VHS membrane association domain and a number of tyrosine motifs suggesting that it may be a substrate for Src family kinases and serve as an adaptor protein. Northern blot analysis of murine tissues demonstrates that Srcasm expression is highest in brain and kidney. In situ hybridization analysis reveals that srcasm mRNA is expressed in regions of the epidermis and hair follicle where keratinocyte differentiation occurs. In the brain, srcasm mRNA distribution correlates with that of fyn, with both being highly expressed in the hippocampal and cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Fyn can phosphorylate Srcasm, and association of these molecules relies on cooperative binding between the SH2 and SH3 domains of Fyn and corresponding canonical binding sites in Srcasm. Srcasm is capable of interacting with Grb2 and the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, p85, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The evidence suggests that Srcasm may help promote Src family kinase signaling in cells.
An elasto-plastic damage model cast in a co-rotational kinematic framework for large deformation analysis of laminated composite shells

Abstract This paper presents an elasto-plastic damage model that is based on irreversible thermodynamics and internal state variable formalism for the analysis of multi-layered composites. The model is based on a damage surface that is defined in terms of an internal damage variable of energy, along with a set of rate-independent elasto-plastic constitutive equations defined in an effective stress–strain space. Employing the operator splitting methodology, a three-step predictor/multi-corrector algorithm is developed that includes an elastic predictor, a plastic corrector, and a damage corrector. The constitutive model is cast in a co-rotational kinematic framework for damage analysis in laminated plates and shells undergoing large deflections. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and range of applicability of the proposed model.
Mental and Physical Stressors in the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer: An Analysis of Distress and Systemic Biomarkers in Patients Referred for Biopsy of a Suspected Breast Cancer Lesion.

Background: Women diagnosed and treated for breast cancer will experience significant symptom distress including, fatigue, depression, anxiety and alterations in sleep. Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the symptom distress experienced by these women. There is little research of symptom distress related to the experience and results of breast biopsy. The current study is a multidisciplinary analysis of distress and systemic biomarkers in patients referred for biopsy of a suspected breast cancer lesion.Methods: 42 of 100 planned patients have been prospectively studied with blood samples and behavioral assessments at two time points; when first referred to a breast surgeon for a suspect imaging or clinical exam and post biopsy after the results are known. Behavioral assessments include the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life (EORTC-QOL) and the PANAS questionnaire. Scores were determined for each patient and correlated using Pearson9s analysis. Plasma samples were analyzed with XMap bead multiplex assays for VEGF, EGF, INFγ, TNF, IL-1Β, IL-2, IL-6, FGF-2. The mean ± standard deviation was calculated for each biomarker at each time point.Results: When looking at the entire population and their test performances pre- and post-biopsy, there were highly significant (p Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1070.
Quantized transmission of a saddle-point constriction

Discussion de la quantification de la conductance en l'absence et en presence d'un champ magnetique pour une constriction de porte decomposee avec un potentiel local au niveau du goulot formant une selle. Des criteres simples pour l'apparition des marches de la conductance et la precision de la quantification sont donnes en termes d'incurvation de la selle
ON THE ACTIVATION OF PLASMA MEMBRANE ECTO-ENZYMES BY TREATMENT WITH NEURAMINIDASE

It had been proposed that sialyl-residues on the surface of the cell control the activity of certain plasma membrane ecto-enzymes. We have tested the effects of several established (or presumptive) ecto-enzymes in tissue cultures of CNS-derived cells. Application of neuraminidases to cultured mouse neuroblastoma (N-18), neonatal Syrian hamster astrocytes (NN), human astrocytoma (Cox clone) and two lines of primary mouse astroblasts failed to change the activity of ecto-ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase. Only two of the seven neuraminidase preparations produced marked or moderate increases in inorganic pyrophosphatase, p-nitrophenylphosphatase and cholinesterase. We have concluded that the stimulation of these enzymes was not due to removal of sialyl-residues. We suggest that contaminants (haemolysins?) in neuraminidase preparations of Clostridium perfringens increased membrane permeability and facilitated substrate-product translocation.
A comparison of various varieties of sorghum as substitute for corn in practical chick diets.

Abstract SORGHUM grains have generally been assumed to be approximately equal to corn in nutritive value and could be equally substituted for corn. In animal diets, however, some recent experiments have shown that sorghum grains are not of equal nutritional value to corn, and that the nutritional values of the different varieties of sorghum grains varied among themselves. Adrian (1958) reported that all African cereals, including grain sorghum, were lysine deficient, and that sorghum grain had a protein digestibility 90% that of corn. Pond et al. (1958) found that protein of sorghum grains was inadequate in lysine and threonine. Vavich et al. (1959) reported that for the growing chick sorghum grains were limited in lysine and that sorghum grains containing high amounts of protein were more limited in this amino acid than sorghum grains containing relatively low amounts of protein. On the other hand, Ozment et al. (1963) reported that corn…
Min algebraic duality

Abstract Min algebra has been used (Cuninghame-Greem [2], Hoffman [3]) to obtain results in operations research and graph theory. It has previously been seen primarily as an efficient way to describe a system of minimum relations. In this note we develop an elimination scheme for inductively solving systems of min algebraic equations and then prove a theorem of the alternative which is closely related to one of the duality models described in [3]. This work was developed in relation to tag systems [1]. These results provide a first step toward broadening min algebra from a modeling scheme to a solution technique.
Comparison of myopotential interference in unipolar-bipolar programmable DDD pacemakers.

Myopotontial interference (MPI) can inhibit or trigger single and dual chamber unipolar pacemakers while bipolar pacemakers are resistant. Twenty units of two different models of dual chamber pacemaker, each capable of being programmed to single chamber or dual chamber and unipolar or bipolar function were tested to provoke myopotential interference. No patient had evidence of myopotential interference at any sensitivity setting in the bipolar configuration either in atrium or in ventricle. All patients (20/20) interfered with pacemaker function at the highest atrial or ventricular sensitivity settings in the unipolar configuration. T wave sensing occurred at the 0.25 mV sensitivity setting in four patients in pacemaker model 925, in both bipolar and unipolar configurations. Tiventy-five percent of patients had myopotential interference at the unipolar atrial sensing threshold and did not allow a setting which would reject myopotential interfercnce while providing satisfactory atrial sensing. Twenty percent (2/10) had myopotential caused ventricular inhibition at the least sensitive ventricular channel setting in model 240G so that myopotential interference could not be avoided in that unit no matter how large the electrogram.
Toxicity of Hydrogen Sulfide to Various Life History Stages of Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)

Abstract Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque) eggs, fry, juveniles, and adults were exposed to H2S concentrations to determine acute toxicity. Seventy-two-hour LC50 for eggs was 0.0190 mg/liter; 96-h LC50 for 35-day-old fry was 0.0131 mg/liter, for juveniles 0.0478 mg/liter, and for adults 0.0448 mg/liter. Exposure to lower levels of H2S resulted in some acclimation. Chronic exposure to sublethal levels of H2S for up to 826 days resulted in no egg deposition at 0.0022 mg/liter and reduced deposition after 97 days at 0.0010 mg/liter. Growth was adversely affected at levels from 0.0031 to 0.0107 mg/liter H2S depending on the life history stage at which chronic exposure was started. When exposure was started with eggs, the lower level retarded growth. Food consumption was reduced at 0.0085 mg/liter H2S. Time to anesthesia with MS:222 was reduced at levels from 0.0014 to 0.0031 mg/liter H2S. The most sensitive stage to acute toxicity was the feeding fry and to chronic toxicity was the spawning adult.
Steric-blocking by tropomyosin visualized in relaxed vertebrate muscle thin filaments.

Although widely accepted, the steric-blocking model of vertebrate skeletal muscle regulation has not been confirmed. Previous attempts to directly visualize tropomyosin in relaxed skeletal muscle and demonstrate that it interferes with the crossbridge-thin filament contractile cycle were unsuccessful. In the work reported here, tropomyosin was resolved in electron micrographs of native thin filaments isolated from relaxed vertebrate striated muscle. Three-dimensional helical reconstructions of these filaments showed continuous narrow strands of density, representing tropomyosin, which followed the outer domains of successive actin monomers. The results obtained from fitting the atomic model of filamentous actin to these reconstructions illustrate, and are consistent with, the mechanism of steric-blocking, since tropomyosin was found to be positioned on the actin surface of thin filaments over clusters of identifiable amino acids required for myosin crossbridge docking.f2
ORIENTED FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS ON SOLUBLE SUBSTRATES

ABSTRACT Free-standing oriented ferroelectric thin films are desired to facilitate mechanical and electrical testing, and TEM analysis. Towards this goal, we present here preliminary results of efforts towards producing oriented lead arium titanate thin films on water solule sustrates. Lead arium titanate ferroelectric thin films were deposited on solule sustrates using a sol-gel deposition process. Films deposited on LiF were highly-oriented, though a minority of other phases was present, possily due to titanium diffusion into the sustrate. Films deposited on NaCl (111) exhiited randomly-oriented phase-pure lead arium titanate, whereas films deposited on NaCl(100) showed some preferred (001/100)-orientation.
Aberrant veno-lymphatic communication noted in a dog

Summary Postmortem lymphangiography with hydrosoluble contrast medium was performed in the hind legs of dogs. On one occasion, the lymphangiogram demonstrated the free passage of contrast medium from the popliteal node into the femoral vein.
Is direct experience enough? A study of young children’s views of sounds

Direct or hands-on experiences are considered by many to be the essential conditions for acquiring new concepts or understandings. But are these experiences enough? In this study with 115 five and six year old children, the effect of direct experiences with sounds that vary in loudness and pitch were contrasted with the effect of adding an instructional experience in which children were involved in conversations and demonstrations about volume and pitch differences in sounds. Using a pretest-treatment-post test design, children first identified sounds that were louder or softer, higher or lower than given sounds and then made sounds that were different. Initially all students had no problem with making louder or softer sounds. Most did not distinguish pitch from volume, however. No evidence was found that children were helped to distinguish differences in pitch after opportunities to make predictions and explanations as part of direct experiences in manipulating objects or after a television-based experience with sounds. However, after instructional experiences in which children were actively involved in searching for sound patterns and participating in conversations directed toward identifying and using patterns in sounds related to differences in volume and pitch, evidence supports that such experiences were a significant contributor to the modification of their understanding of sound. Evidence supports the conclusion that direct experiences coupled with instructional conversations are essential to helping children change their concept of pitch in sounds.
Microscopic damage and macroscopic yield in acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) resins tested under multi-axial stress states

Abstract In this study, a transparent acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene polymer alloy was tested in a range of biaxial stress states and a yield locus was generated. The onset of microscopic damage was detected by in situ light transmission measurements. The macroscopic yield locus followed a linear behavior on an octahedral shear stress vs. mean stress plot and the onset of microscopic damage was dependent on both shear and mean stresses. Our findings indicate that macroscopic ductility arises from damage in the polymer at two distinct length scales. On the scale of the rubber particle (0.1–0.2 um), damage occurs via particle debonding from the matrix. At a length scale intermediate between the particle size and macro scale, damage occurs through the formation of micro crack arrays with a well-defined pattern.
Evaluation of new GRACE time‐variable gravity data over the ocean

[1] Monthly GRACE gravity field models from the three science processing centers (CSR, GFZ, and JPL) are analyzed for the period from February 2003 to April 2005 over the ocean. The data are used to estimate maps of the mass component of sea level at smoothing radii of 500 km and 750 km. In addition to using new gravity field models, a filter has been applied to estimate and remove systematic errors in the coefficients that cause erroneous patterns in the maps of equivalent water level. The filter is described and its effects are discussed. The GRACE maps have been evaluated using a residual analysis with maps of altimeter sea level from Jason-1 corrected for steric variations using the World Ocean Atlas 2001 monthly climatology. The mean uncertainty of GRACE maps determined from an average of data from all 3 processing centers is estimated to be less than 1.8 cm RMS at 750 km smoothing and 2.4 cm at 500 km smoothing, which is better than was found previously using the first generation GRACE gravity fields.
Speech and human being: A complement to semiotics

The semiotic assumption that language is a system of symbols, signals, or signs minimally entails a commitment to the position that there are two worlds, one linguistic and the ether non‐linguistic, and that they are related by some sort of representation. This essay challenges this view insofar as it purports to account for all language functions. It offers a complementary idea that emerges from the writings of Heidegger, Gadamer, and Buber: that language in spoken conversation is often constitutive, not merely instrumental and representional.
Initiation of an IVC filter clinic and the effect of retrospective chart review on retrieval rates and referring physician education

Purpose Optional inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) are associated with adverse events that have prompted an increased interest in improving filter retrieval rates. The aim of this study was to initiate an IVCF clinic and simultaneously increase retrieval rates by engaging and educating physicians to refer existing IVCFs for retrieval. Materials and Methods An IVCF clinic was established at a single institution in 2012 with a comprehensive database of prospectively acquired information for patients receiving IVCFs. Alongside the IVCF clinic initiation, a retrospective review was conducted on filter placement over the 8 pre-clinic months prior to the IVCF clinic. A separate database was created for these IVCFs and referring physicians were contacted to educate them on the IVCF clinic, IVCF types, indications, and coordinate for retrieval. The number of IVCFs referred for retrieval was recorded. Results A total of 146 IVCFs (27 permanent and 119 optional filter types) were implanted during the 8 pre-clinic months. Fourteen optional filters were referred for retrieval (11.7%) during the pre-clinic period resulting in 12 retrievals (10.0%). As patients were prospectively enrolled through the new IVCF clinic, referring physicians for the pre-clinic IVCFs were contacted to discuss retrieval and the new IVCF clinic. Of the remaining 105 optional IVCFs, 23 patients were deceased, 20 declared permanent, and 7 lost to follow-up. Twelve of 55 eligible patients (20%) were referred for retrieval resulting in an almost two fold increase in the initial pre-clinic referrals (p Conclusion The retrieval rate of optional IVCF at this institution was significantly increased by the retrospective review of previously placed filters during the pre-clinic period. Additionally, discussions with referring physicians allowed an opportunity to promote appropriate filter selection and discuss the aims of the IVCF clinic. Early coordinated efforts with referring physicians such as these may ultimately increase referrals for filter placement as well as improved retrieval rates.
Isolation and Identification of Spanish Moss Fiber from a Sample of Stallings and Orange Series Ceramics

A sample of Stallings and Orange series ceramics from riverine and coastal sites in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida was analyzed for fiber content. A portion of each sherd was macerated in acid to release fibrous tempering agents. The fibers, as well as other potentially identifiable materials, were then isolated from the maceration and examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A comparison with published anatomical descriptions and fresh plant material revealed that the Stallings series sherds contained fibers and scales of Tillandsia usneoides L. (Spanish moss). Fiber-tempered sherds of the Orange series from the bluffton midden in Florida also contained Spanish moss, although it cannot be demonstrated at present that Spanish moss was the primary tempering agent of Orange series ceramics. -- AATA
Real-Time Implementation of Intelligent Control and Internet Based Remote Activation of Simple Mechatronic Devices in the UMESMAL

In this paper digital control solutions for speed control of direct current motor and level control of dual water tank system are described using conventional control algorithms such as (PID (Proportional + Integral + Derivative) and PI (Proportional + Integral)) as well as intelligent control algorithms based on fuzzy logic. Appropriate software tools are used to allow remote activation of the systems. Observation of the system behavior from remote terminals is made possible using novel tele-reality capability. This capability allows realistic CAD (Computer Aided Design) drawings that accurately represent the physical systems on the remote terminals to exhibit appropriate motion corresponding to the actual movement of the physical system in the University of Maryland Eastern Shore Mechatronics and Automation Laboratory (UMESMAL).Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Experiments on the small-strain behaviour of crosslinked natural rubber: 2. Extension and compression

Abstract Experiments were carried out to characterize the small-strain tension and compression behaviour of dicumyl peroxide crosslinked natural rubber. Strains that were smaller by an order of magnitude than any reported previously on natural rubber were achieved. Our results support the contention that the compression and extension moduli of natural rubber are different. A new finding is reported: that is, the moduli in tension and compression do not become constant but rather they increase significantly as zero deformation is approached.
Bimolecular ion-molecule collisions in real time: co+(3f4) + n-butane and isobutane reactions

Abstract A pulsed beam of Co + ( 3 F 4 ) is crossed with a pulsed beam of n -butane or isobutane gas under single collision conditions at collision energies of 0.01 eV and 0.22 or 0.23 eV, respectively. After a variable time delay t ext = 1–8 μs, a fast high voltage pulse extracts product ions and residual reactant ions into a field-free flight tube for mass analysis. Consistent with earlier work, we observe four product channels in the Co + + n -butane reaction: long-lived CoC 4 H 10 + complexes and three elimination products, CoC 2 H 4 + + C 2 H 6 , CoC 3 H 6 + + CH 4 , and CoC 4 H 8 + + H 2 . In the Co + + isobutane reaction, we detect long-lived CoC 4 H 10 + complexes and two elimination products, CoC 3 H 6 + + CH 4 and CoC 4 H 8 + + H 2 . We discuss plausible mechanisms for these reactions, based on insights from our recent statistical modeling based on density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations for the related systems, Ni + + propane, Co + + propane, and Ni + + n -butane. The postulated reaction pathways for Co + + n -butane and Co + + isobutane neatly explain the data from our experiment and a variety of others. From a combination of theory and experiments, a satisfyingly consistent picture of the reactions of late 3d-series metal cations with alkanes has emerged.
Three sera defining a new granulocyte-monocyte-T-lymphocyte antigen.

. Three sera containing antibodies recognizing a previously undescribed antigen on granulocytes were found during testing of sera from multiparous donors. All of the antibody producers were in good health. None had a history of transfusion. Using the granulocyte agglutination assay the sera recognize a single antigen which is not associated with the neutrophil antigens NA1, NA2, NB1, NC1, ND1, NE1, 5a, 5b, 9a, nor common red blood cell or HLA antigens. The three sera did not react with autologous cells or with the cells of the other antibody producers. Granulocytes from one antibody producer did not absorb antibody activity from any of the three sera. The antigen was found in large quantities on granulocytes and monocytes, in smaller quantities on T lymphocytes, and not on B lymphocytes, red cells, and platelets. The sera reacted with 340 of 343 random donors (99.1 %) and were negative with the same donor cells. Family studies showed autosomal dominant inheritance of the antigen. Five of 12 sibs in three families lacked this antigen (not statistically different from the expected ratio). The calculated gene frequency for the gene controlling the production of this antigen is 0.906. There appeared to be no association to the HLA, NA or Rh loci or to the X or Y chromosomes. None of the infants of these three women showed clinical signs of alloimmune neonatal neutropenia.
One-cycle control and its applications in power quality control and renewable power generation

One-cycle control is a universal method to control single or three-phase power components/modules such as MOSFET, IGBT, or GTOs to realize four quadrant power conversion so as to perform as grid-connected inverters, active power filters, power factor corrected rectifiers, flexible ac transmission system components, and etc. Due to its fast speed, simplicity, stability, and universal adaptability, one-cycle control promises unmatched performance, cost effectiveness, and robustness. This paper shows four basic building blocks for grid-connected applications, countless combinations of which can be configured to meet the power processing needs of the industry, transportation, defense, and power systems.
Corporate Consolidation and Content-Management Systems in College Athletics Web Sites: A Case Study of MGoBlue.com

This historical case study addresses the issues related to the use of content-management systems (CMSs) in the production of a college athletic department Web site. The article considers the factors that influenced a university athletic department to adopt a CMS. Corporate consolidation among CMS providers frequently affected the options available to athletic departments. Using an in-depth interview with the primary individual behind the University of Michigan’s athletic department Web site, MGoBlue.com, this article also explores how the explosion of Web-site content and adoption of a CMS has transformed the workflow in athletic media relations.
Development of a vehicle network control testbed

This paper describes the development of a prototype testbed. We have designed and constructed the testbed for network control of distributed vehicle networks, and the developed system supports communication via a combination of wireless and wired media. The testbed consists of planar aerial vehicles (hovercraft) which communicate via a wireless network. Complete details and current development can be found at http://legend.me.uiuc.edu/hotdec.
An iterative MMSE procedure for parameter estimation of damped sinusoidal signals

We propose an iterative minimum mean square error (MMSE) approach to parameter estimation of multiple exponentially damped sinusoids embedded in white Gaussian noise. The approach splits the observed signal into its constituent components and proceeds to estimate the parameters of the highest energy signal component first, followed by the next highest energy signal component, and so on. This scheme reduces the computational complexity of the overall procedure by approximating the multidimensional integrals with several two-dimensional integrals. For the evaluation of these integrals, we introduce an adaptive Gaussian procedure. We present computer simulation results that show the performance of our approach and compare it with the performance of the alternating projection and the expectationmaximization schemes. Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit wird ein iterativer, auf dem Prinzip des minimalen mittleren quadratischen Fehlers (MMSE) beruhender Ansatz fi_ir die Parameterschltzung im Fall mehrfacher exponentiell gedampfter Sinussignale in weiBem Gauljschem Rauschen vorgeschlagen. Das beobachtete Signal wird zunlchst in seine Komponenten zerlegt; danach werden die Parameter der Signalkomponente mit der griirjten Energie geschltzt, dann jene der Signalkomponente mit der zweitgrijl3ten Energie usw. Diese Vorgangsweise reduziert den Rechenaufwand, indem mehrdimensionale Integrale durch mehrere zweidimensionale Integrale angenlhert werden. Fiir die Auswertung dieser Integrale wird eine adaptive Gaul%Methode vorgeschlagen. Computersimulationen dokumentieren die Leistungsfihigkeit unseres Ansatzes und vergleichen sie mit der Leistungsftihigkeit der Methode alternierender Projektionen und der Expectation-Maximization
HAS ACTUARIAL AGING “SLOWED” OVER THE PAST 250 YEARS? A COMPARISON OF SMALL‐SCALE SUBSISTENCE POPULATIONS AND EUROPEAN COHORTS

G.C. Williams's 1957 hypothesis famously argues that higher age-independent, or ‘extrinsic,’ mortality should select for faster rates of senescence. Long-lived species should therefore show relatively few deaths from extrinsic causes such as predation and starvation. Theoretical explorations and empirical tests of Williams's hypothesis have flourished in the past decade but it has not yet been tested empirically among humans. We test Williams's hypothesis using mortality data from subsistence populations and from historical cohorts from Sweden and England/Wales, and examine whether rates of actuarial aging declined over the past two centuries. We employ three aging measures: mortality rate doubling time (MRDT), Ricklefs's ω, and the slope of mortality hazard from ages 60–70, m′50–70, and model mortality using both Weibull and Gompertz-Makeham hazard models. We find that (1) actuarial aging in subsistence societies is similar to that of early Europe, (2) actuarial senescence has slowed in later European co...