cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transmission of Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus in Peppermint by Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), can transmit a begonia isolate of impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) to peppermint, Mentha piperita L. ‘Black Mitcham’. Transmission efficiency for adult thrips 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 d after emergence varied from 0 to 60% for pairs of thrips and 0 to 20% for single thrips. However, 2-d-old adult thrips failed to transmit the virus. Symptoms of INSV infection of peppermint include stunting, downward curling and leaf tip dieback, and occasional growing tip necrosis. Older leaves are bronze-colored and exhibit sunken, brownish-grey lesions. Symptoms of the original INSV infection found in 1990 in greenhouse-grown ‘Black Mitcham’ cuttings included bright yellow mottling on newly mature leaves. The thripstransmitted isolate of INSV acquired from begonia produced only faint yellow mottling in peppermint leaves when exposed to cool temperatures (15°C). INSV infections were confirmed by symptomology and ELISA analysis. Spherical particles and granular arrays previously associated with INSV infection were observed in some tissue by examination with transmission electron microscopy. Virus was detected throughout the plant indicating a systemic infection. INSV was also detected in the vector thrips by ELISA.
A mentor-based laboratory management elective for residents.

With the evolution of health care delivery systems, laboratories are being viewed as cost centers, and their value is being continually challenged. This requires pathologists to be adequately trained as leaders and managers. New training curricula for pathology residents have been developed, including combined didactic and mentor-based training. At the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, the combination of a large academic pathology department with a wholly owned commercial laboratory has allowed the development of a comprehensive 1-month didactic management course for senior residents. This course is designed to develop a broad-based foundation in laboratory management principles. The reinforcement of many of these principles, however, requires additional hands-on effort. We describe our first experience with this 1-month, theory based-teaching followed by a 3-month “real-world” experience based on a one-on-one mentor relationship between the director of laboratories and a senior resident, who assumed the role of the assistant director of laboratories.
Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Solution Structure between NaCl and Quartz Crystals

Molecular dynamics simulations with a dissociative interatomic potential were used to examine the interaction forces between quartz and sodium chloride crystals in the presence of pure water and a ...
The genre of science fiction and the black imagination

This special issue contains contributions that critically examine works in literature and film of the Black and African Diaspora as well as mainstream media and popular culture that seek to engage ...
Interior structure,transporting mechanism and characteristics of oil or gas transporting passage

Transporting passage fault is composed of crushed zone and induced fractures.It transports oil or gas through associated and induced fractures and porosity of tectonite.The migration of oil or gas through fractures is under the action of seismic pumping and accords with the principle of percolation flow through pipeline.Owing to fast and multinational times characteristics,it is the main transporting passage of oil or gas vertical migration.Unconformity transports oil or gas through porosity of basal conglomerates and weathering-off-load fractures,and it is the main transporting pathway of oil or gas lateral migration through strata.There are four types of homogeneity structure,positive rhythm structure,opposite rhythm structure and random structure in sandbody.The sandbody with homogeneity structure does not have main transporting passage.The main transporting passage of the sandbody with positive rhythm structure is on its bottom.The main transporting passage of sandbody with opposite rhythm structure is on its top.The main transporting pathway of sandbody with random structure is in sandstone in which its grain is bigger.Sandbody is the main transporting passage of oil or gas through strata.
Differential regulation of CENP-A and histone H3 phosphorylation in G2/M

After DNA replication, cells condense their chromosomes in order to segregate them during mitosis. The condensation process as well as subsequent segregation requires phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10. Histone H3 phosphorylation initiates during G2 in pericentric foci prior to H3 phosphorylation in the chromosome arms. Centromere protein A (CENP-A), a histone H3-like protein found uniquely at centromeres, contains a sequence motif similar to that around H3 Ser10, suggesting that CENP-A phosphorylation might be linked to pericentric initiation of histone H3 phosphorylation. To test this hypothesis, we generated peptide antibodies against the putative phosphorylation site of CENP-A. ELISA, western blot and immunocytochemical analyses show that CENP-A is phosphorylated at the shared motif. Simultaneous co-detection demonstrates that phosphorylation of CENP-A and histone H3 are separate events in G2/M. CENP-A phosphorylation occurs after both pericentric initiation and genome-wide stages of histone H3 phosphorylation. Quantitative immunocytochemistry reveals that CENP-A phosphorylation begins in prophase and reaches maximal levels in prometaphase. CENP-A phosphoepitope reactivity is lost during anaphase and becomes undetectable in telophase cells. Duplication of prekinetochores, detected as the doubling of CENP-A foci, occurs prior to complete histone H3 phosphorylation in G2. Mitotic phosphorylation of histone H3-family proteins shows tight spatial and temporal control, occurring in three phases: (1) pericentric H3 phosphorylation, (2) chromosome arm H3 phosphorylation and (3) CENP-A phosphorylation at kinetochores. These observations reveal new cytological landmarks characteristic of G2 progression.
Health Care Web Sites: Are They Reliable?

Locating reliable health care information on the World Wide Web is difficult and confusing. Thus, Internet users must choose the appropriate resources to guide their health care decisions. This paper will describe the “typical” Internet user. Then, it will compare the three most “comprehensive” web site guidelines. Finally, it will summarize what criteria are necessary to create and maintain reliable health care web sites.
Animal Models of Entamoeba histolytica Infection

Publisher Summary This chapter presents animal models of Entamoeba histolytica infection. Male or female CB-17 SCID mice, aged 6–10 weeks old, are used as xenograft recipients. Since maturation of the intestinal xenograft requires at least 10 weeks post-surgery, use of younger mice are recommended. All SCID mice are screened for the "leaky" phenotype at the age of five weeks by measuring serum antibodies by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay. SCID mice are housed in a sterile barrier environment and are fed with autoclaved food and water. They are prepared for surgery by anesthesia with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine. They are immobilized on a surgical board in the prone position and a 3–4 cm incision is made with a surgical blade along the spine of the mouse, and the skin on one side is retracted and pinned to the board with a 31 G needle to expose the subcutaneous graft. The infection is established within 4–8 hours of inoculation, and significant tissue damage is seen histologically by 24 hours after infection. The infection is generally monitored by histologic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the intestinal xenograft. Male or female mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) or golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) aged between 6–12 weeks are used in gerbil and hamster models of amebic liver abscess. Gerbils and hamsters are prepared for surgery by anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital. Following the induction of anesthesia, the fur on the anterior abdominal wall and peritoneum is shaved. The gerbil or hamster is then placed ventral side up on a surgical board, and the shaved area is scrubbed with a povidoneiodine scrub solution. The hamster model of amebic liver abscess is used to test the anti-amebic efficacy of a number of new compounds.
Reversal of right ventricular apex pacing-induced left ventricular apical dyskinesis: Utility of intraoperative 3d echocardiography in resynchronization therapy

Right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing is known to cause left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, myocardial perfusion defects, abnormal septal contractility, asymmetrical septal hypertrophy, and heart failure in some patients.1–2 However, RV pacing-induced LV apical dyskinesis has not been previously described in the literature. We report a case of RVA pacing-induced LV apical dyskinesis that resolved acutely and was accompanied by a global improvement in LV systolic function after biventricular (BiV) pacing therapy with relocation of the RV lead. Intraoperative real-time 3D echocardiography was used for the optimal RV and LV pacing site selection. The case is a 73-year-old patient with complete heart block who underwent dual-chamber pacing (right atrial appendage and RVA pacing) for complete heart block, 3 years before the presentation. At baseline, she had normal ventricular function with an ejection fraction (EF) of 65%; however over the last 2 years, she had progressive LV dysfunction and worsening symptoms of congestive heart failure. A follow-up echocardiogram at this time showed an ejection fraction of 15% and marked dyskinesis of the LV apex. Based on a presumptive diagnosis of RVA …
Slow-wave sleep and waking cognitive performance II: Findings among middle-aged adults with and without insomnia complaints

Previous studies showing a relationship between nocturnal slow-wave sleep (SWS) and subsequent diurnal performance among young normal sleepers and older insomnia sufferers have provided limited support for the notion that this sleep stage serves a restorative role for neurocognitive functioning. The current study, which examined the relationship between SWS and reaction time performance among middle-aged adults with and without insomnia complaints, was conducted to further explore this possibility. A sample of 31 noncomplaining middle-aged (ages 40 to 59 years) normal sleepers and a like-aged sample of 27 insomnia sufferers, provided data for the current investigation. All participants underwent nocturnal sleep monitoring immediately prior to undergoing a battery of daytime tests that measured simple reaction time, vigilance/signal detection, and complex reaction time. Results showed relationships between reaction time performances on some tasks and some SWS measures among both the normal sleepers and insomnia sufferers. Findings supported our prediction that the presence of sleep pathology (e.g., insomnia) alters the SWS-performance relationship observed, but the results failed to show a consistent relationship between SWS and subsequent performance within either sample. The findings suggest that the specific performance demands of the task in question as well as physiological parameters other than SWS may determine performance as well. Findings for this and previous studies do provide some support for the contention that the neurocognitive restorative value of SWS may change across the lifespan. Possible implications of the study's findings are discussed and directions for future research are considered.
Drugs that Work in the Brain

Our adult colleagues have shown convincingly that a number of psychotropic drugs are effective in managing symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Many pediatric gastroenterologists justify treating pediatric patients with psychotropic drugs based on results from adult studies and on accruing personal experience. This chapter cites the most important adult studies, the handful of pediatric studies, and the authors’ personal experience. Amitriptyline is the most commonly used psychotropic drug: it treats irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, functional abdominal pain not otherwise specified, cyclic vomiting syndrome, and abdominal migraine prophylaxis, and less commonly for functional diarrhea and the incontinence that often follows successful Hirschsprung’s disease surgery. Other psychotropic drugs less commonly used for treating gastrointestinal symptoms or psychiatric conditions associated with functional disorders include mirtazapine, the serotonin reuptake inhibitors, clonidine, gabapentin, and benzodiazepines. The prescribing clinician is obligated to educate the patient and family about the rationale, benefits, and risks of each drug, and to answer the questions posed by the patient and parents. Taking the time to listen and patiently answer concerns is essential to developing the therapeutic alliance between clinician and family that will optimize treatment adherence.
Monadic second-order logic on finite sequences

We extend the weak monadic second-order logic of one successor on finite strings (M2L-STR) to symbolic alphabets by allowing character predicates to range over decidable quantifier free theories instead of finite alphabets. We call this logic, which is able to describe sequences over complex and potentially infinite domains, symbolic M2L-STR (S-M2L-STR). We then present a decision procedure for S-M2L-STR based on a reduction to symbolic finite automata, a decidable extension of finite automata that allows transitions to carry predicates and can therefore model symbolic alphabets. The reduction constructs a symbolic automaton over an alphabet consisting of pairs of symbols where the first element of the pair is a symbol in the original formula’s alphabet, while the second element is a bit-vector. To handle this modified alphabet we show that the Cartesian product of two decidable Boolean algebras (e.g., the formula’s one and the bit-vector’s one) also forms a decidable Boolean algebras. To make the decision procedure practical, we propose two efficient representations of the Cartesian product of two Boolean algebras, one based on algebraic decision diagrams and one on a variant of Shannon expansions. Finally, we implement our decision procedure and evaluate it on more than 10,000 formulas. Despite the generality, our implementation has comparable performance with the state-of-the-art M2L-STR solvers.
Lower-Extremity Weakness in a Teenager Due to Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis.

Abstract Background Thyrotoxic hypokalemic paralysis is the hallmark of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP). TPP is a potentially deadly complication of hyperthyroidism that occurs because of rapid and dramatic intracellular shift of potassium. This transference results in severe hypokalemia and clinically manifests itself as muscle weakness or paralysis. This condition predominantly affects males of Asian descent, and its presentation can range from mild to severe, as seen in our case. Case Report We present the case of a 15-year-old Asian-American male who presented to a tertiary-care pediatric emergency department complaining of generalized weakness and flaccid paralysis of his lower extremities. The differential for such a complaint is extremely broad, and the symptoms can result from etiologies arising from the cerebral cortex, the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, the neuromuscular junction, or even the muscles themselves. Our patient was found to have an extremely low serum potassium concentration, as well as an electrocardiogram that revealed a prolonged QT interval and right bundle branch block. The etiology of these abnormalities and the patient's symptoms was found to be undiagnosed and uncontrolled hyperthyroidism from Grave's disease, which resulted in this dramatic presentation of thyrotoxic hypokalemic paralysis. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? This entity is common in Asia but still somewhat rare in the United States and other Western countries. Our case illustrates that careful history taking and a focused diagnostic evaluation, in conjunction with having an awareness of this disease, can help expedite diagnosis and management, as well as avoid unnecessary and potential harmful testing in the emergency department setting.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rhenium

The fabrication of rhenium metal by powder metallurgy techniques is discussed. The following physical and mechanical properties have been measured and are reported: lattice constants, melting point, electrical resistivity, thermal expansion, spectral emissivity, modulus of elasticity, tensile properties and ductility at room and elevated temperatures, work hardening, recrystallization, grain growth, and oxidation resistance.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DYSTHYMIC DISORDER AND DISABILITY, WITH RELIGIOSITY AS MODERATOR

12.00 There has been much research on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in terms of functional impairment associated with the disorder. On the other hand, Dysthymic Disorder (DD) has not received much attention in the literature in relation to the functional disability associated with the disorder. Similarly, the moderator effect of religiosity has been studied in many physical and mental health disorders, but has not been explored in DD. The aims of the present study were to explore the association between DD and functional disability, and to study the moderator effect of religiosity on the association. The data for the study was obtained from consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiologic Survey (CPES). The survey collected data on prevalence of mental health problems and the sociocultural determinants, in the national population. The present study utilized the data on DD and factors such as race, gender, marital status, employment status, and religiosity, in order to explore association between DD and disability and the effect of religiosity on the association. Results show that the subjects who have endorsed DD are 1.092 times more likely to have functional disability than those who have not endorsed DD. The association is statistically significant with the 95% CI for the Odds Ratio (OR) as 1.072 – 1.113. The religiosity has not shown a significant effect on the association between DD and functional disability. In conclusion there is statistically significant association between DD and the functional disability. Although the cross-sectional study design makes it difficult to determine the causal relationship, the results may signify that DD could potentially cause significant functional impairment. Further longitudinal studies are needed to probe the association between DD and disability.
Concrete Plate Reinforcement: Frictional Limit Design

The limit design of a regular rectangular reinforcing net in a concrete plate subjected to arbitrary normal and shear forces and bending and twisting moments is studied. The assumptions are: The reinforcement is plastic; concrete resists no tension; a normal crack of any direction may exist in concrete; the normal stress in concrete is constant; in-plane shear stresses can be transmitted in concrete, are of constant magnitude but possibly of alternating sign, and their ratio to the normal compressive stresses may not exceed the friction coefficient. The previously developed frictional (no-slip) limit design for membrane loading is the special case when the compression zone covers the whole thickness of the plate. Design charts for the case of no membrane forces are computed and plotted. They differ up to about 20% from the classical solution. In contrast to pure membrane loading, the frictional design for failure may yield a lighter reinforcement than the classical design. Mostly, however, it yields a heavier reinforcement. The difference vanishes when the bars are laid in the direction of principal bending moments. In contrast to the classical design, the angle between the crack and the bars does not have to be 45° for the optimum design.
Enhancing Light Coupling With Plasmonic Optical Antennas

We describe in this chapter development of plasmonic optical antennas for light concentration and near-field enhancement. A set of bow tie nanoantennas are fabricated and characterized with optical and electron excitation methods. Optical spectroscopy of these subwavelength antennas displays pronounced extinction peaks at resonant wavelength, showing total extinction cross sections as much as 10 times of their physical dimensions. On the other hand, coherent excitation of the bow tie antennas allows tuning the peak wavelength of the scattered light by changing the periodicity. Under dark-field microscopy, we observed the scattered waves from arrays of different bow tie antennas in complete visible spectrum. The local resonant modes of the bow tie antennas are also probed by focused electrons. Such cathodoluminescence spectroscopy reveals the fine details of enhanced field on the optical nanoantennas at resolution down to 20 nm. Finally, we show examples of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy on the nanoantennas. Effective designs based on local enhancement and radiation engineering of the plasmonic optical antennas would promise revolutionary changes in highly compact and integrated photonics for photon energy conversion, adaptive sensing, and image processing.
Improving vaccine trials in infectious disease emergencies

Unprecedented global effort is under way to facilitate the testing of countermeasures in infectious disease emergencies. Better understanding of the various options for trial design is needed in advance of outbreaks, as is preliminary global agreement on the most suitable designs for the various scenarios. What would enhance the speed, validity, and ethics of clinical studies of such countermeasures? Focusing on studies of vaccine efficacy and effectiveness in emergencies, we highlight three needs: for formal randomized trials—even in most emergencies; for individually randomized trials—even in many emergencies; and for six areas of innovation in trial methodology. These needs should inform current updates of protocols and roadmaps.
A scalable manufacturing method for garment-integrated technologies

Reliable, durable, and scalable fabrication of garment-integrated electronics are the major barriers to larger-scale garment integrated applications for wearable technology. This research emphasizes developing hybrid manufacturing processes leveraging the benefits of the traditional labor-intensive apparel industry and the automated electronics industry. The proposed manufacturing process uses the existing technology, resources, and operation sequence of a typical apparel manufacturing facility. A simulation approach is utilized to increase the overall efficiency of the manufacturing method.
Disproportionate Representation of Asian Students in Special Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature

The disproportionate representation of students of color in special education is a critical issue within the field. To date, however, this issue has been positioned primarily through a Black–White binary. This review contended that Asian American students in the school system have been relatively ignored in terms of representation within special education. The current review aimed to recognize existing rationales for the over- or underidentification of Asian American students within special education. Using search criteria combinations of “Asian American” and “special education” and “disproportionality,” a total of 15 studies were included in this review. These studies indicated the prevalence of over- and underrepresentation of Asian American students for some special education categories. Importantly, the systematic search revealed that a gap still exists in scholarly work related to the disproportionate representation of Asian Americans within special education, particularly as it relates to Asian Amer...
Are collegiate athletes as healthy as we think they are

The current study compared multiple health-risk behaviors, self-efficacy, and temptation between young adult athletes and nonathletes. Cross-sectional data were collected via a web-based survey. Participants included nonathletes and Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes attending a midwestern university. Multiple health-risk behaviors existed at a high prevalence among participating athletes and nonathletes, with a slightly higher proportion of nonathletes reporting more risk. Twenty-two percent of participating athletes were at risk for excessive screen time, whereas 36% of nonathletes were at risk for the same. A higher proportion of athletes were at risk for inadequate sleep (58%) compared with nonathletes (33%). Ninety-eight percent of nonathletes were at risk for inadequate vegetable intake, whereas 96% of athletes were at risk for the same. Risk for low fruit intake was highest among nonathletes (81%) compared with athletes (77%). Future research targeting collegiate athletes' multiple health behavior is warranted.
The Effect of Mate Value Discrepancy on Hypothetical Engagement Ring Purchases

Few material goods entail as high a cost and carry as little practical value as an engagement ring. Despite their obvious signaling value, engagement ring expenditures have rarely been studied. The purpose of the current study was to experimentally manipulate a discrepancy in the physical attractiveness of romantic partners to determine its effect on hypothetical engagement ring purchases. We predicted that (1) men would purchase larger, more expensive engagement rings when imagining themselves mated to a more attractive rather than less attractive woman and (2) women would desire larger, more expensive engagement rings when imagining themselves mated to a less attractive rather than more attractive man. We further predicted a positive correlation between women’s self-ratings of attractiveness and the size and cost of the engagement ring women chose, regardless of target attractiveness. Results supported all three predictions. Data about the cost and quality of actual engagement rings was also collected to explore their correlations with age and attractiveness discrepancies in real-world couples; however, we failed to find a consistent pattern whereby more desirable women received more expensive and higher quality engagement rings. Results from the experimental portion of the current study show that men invest greater resources in attractive women and that increased resource investment can compensate for decreased physical attractiveness within the domain of women’s mate preferences.
Regulation of Myofibrillar Protein Gene Expression

The contraction of skeletal and cardiac muscle is the result of a physiological conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy, which takes place in a highly ordered three dimensional matrix of myofibrillar proteins. The basic unit of the contractile process in striated muscle is the sarcomere (Squire, 1981), which is composed of thick and thin filaments tandemly arranged in the myofibril. The sarcomere is composed of 10–15 myofibrillar proteins, but of these only myosin, actin, troponin, and tropomyosin participate directly in the contractile event. Regulation of expression of the myofibrillar protein genes seems to occur at the transcriptional level, with some of their RNA products exhibiting alternative exon splicing in the generation of multiple protein isoforms. Some of these primary RNA transcripts are also generated by differential initiation at alternate promoters (Nabeshima et al., 1984; Periasamy et al., 1984a; Robert et al., 1984). Muscle protein diversity can further be manifested by termination of primary transcripts at alternative 3’ untranslated sequences (Basi et al., 1984; Ruiz-Opazo et al., 1985; Bernstein et al., 1986; Rozek and Davidson, 1986). Generation of different protein forms by alternative splicing of identical primary RNA transcripts must involve trans-acting factors, some of which are tissue specific (Nadal-Ginard et al., 1987). A cis-acting factor refers to a DNA locus that affects the activity of DNA sequences on its own molecule of DNA, whereas a trans-acting factor refers to a diffusible product able to act on all receptive sites in the cell.
The Disposal of Municipal Solid Wastes

The publication of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962) stimulated eventual worldwide interest in the environment, leading to the founding of the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) and the inauguration of national environmental ministries, agencies or laws world-wide.
Spin-Offs from the Testing Industry

Like the automotive industry, the testing industry has spawned a number of spin-off companies and endeavors that market products or services related to test preparation, construction, interpretation, administration, and scoring. Some of these endeavors accommodate examinees directly, others target test users in education, business, and clinical and counseling psychology, and still others are directed at people and institutions that are affected by test results. Spin-off products and services from the testing marketplace are highly diverse, ranging from publishers who provide books on how to make, take and interpret tests, to organizations aimed at promoting, and challenging the role of testing in American society. In this chapter, we examine three spin-offs from the testing industry, namely: The computer connection; Test preparation and coaching; and Honesty or integrity testing. We examine these three spin-offs for two reasons. First, each of these topics has garnered a fair amount of attention in its own right in recent years, and hence is worth examining. But a second and broader reason is that while each is an offshoot of the testing industry, each also suggests something about likely future influences on the role of testing in the United States.
Immunophenotypic dysplasia and aberrant T-cell antigen expression in acute myeloid leukaemia with complex karyotype and TP53 mutations.

Aims Cytogenetic and molecular aberrations are the strongest factors in determining outcome in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). AML with complex karyotype confers a particularly poor prognosis and is associated with morphologic dysplasia. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) has been investigated in defining dysplasia within myelodysplastic syndromes, but little is known about immunophenotypic dysplasia in AML and correlation with genetic abnormalities. This study aimed to explore differences in antigen expression by FCI in AML with complex karyotype (AML-CK) and AML with complex karyotype and TP53 mutations (AML-TP53) compared with AML with normal karyotype (AML-NK). Methods Twenty-five cases of AML-CK, 13 of which had abnormalities of TP53, were compared with 83 cases of AML-NK using FCI. Results Our findings demonstrated brighter expression of CD34 with decreased CD33 and aberrant expression of CD5 in blasts of AML-CK, while AML-TP53 blasts exhibited brighter expression of CD13. Granulocytes in AML-CK exhibited brighter expression of CD5, CD7, CD10 and CD14, with brighter CD3 also seen in AML-TP53. Conclusions Our results suggest that immunophenotypic dysplasia correlates with complex karyotype and TP53 mutation, including increased expression of T-cell antigens.
Microstructural evolution of paramagnetic materials by magnetic freeze casting

Abstract External magnetic fields were applied during the process of directional solidification to control the microstructural patterning of ceramic scaffolds formed by freezing colloidal mixtures of magnetic and paramagnetic particles. Under low magnetic fields ( 70 mT) led to the formation of biphasic patterns of iron-rich and iron-poor regions. Under shallow gradients of near-uniform fields, viscous forces dominate, causing the Fe3O4 particles to remain evenly distributed throughout the slurry. In contrast, larger field gradients exert forces on the Fe3O4 particles, attracting them toward the magnetic poles. Competition between the viscous and magnetic forces dictates the formation of uniform or biphasic patterning in magnetically aligned freeze cast scaffolds.
‘Expert’ and ‘Casual’ Interfaces for Museums in Digital Times : Board and Field Games : MUDs and MMORPGs : Things and Networks

This paper explores game-like designs for interventions of digital devices, media and administrative tools in networks of museum functions. Specifically, it focuses on the ubiquity of networked mobile devices, and argues that game play presents a powerful model for understanding the impact of non-linear, multi-vocal, poly-agentic systems on the role of museums as sites of culture construction.The paper argues for digital initiatives to take a dynamic systems approach to the development of museums. It draws on the work of Latour and others on Actant-Network Theory and of Bryant on Onto-Cartography. These works offer a framework for understanding transactions and interactions among such heterogeneous entities as software codes, game mechanics and gallery structures.The site of any such transaction may be described as an ‘interface’, and the paper sets out proposals for the design of two sites, the so-called ‘expert-interface’ and its complementary partner, the ‘casual-interface’.The paper opens with descriptions of the two interfaces, sets them in the context of the museum problematic and the systems approach, then turns to detailed discussions of the workings of each and ends with brief notes on developing experimental prototypes.
Cdc42 is involved in NC1 peptide–regulated BTB dynamics through actin and microtubule cytoskeletal reorganization

Noncollagenous domain 1 (NC1)-peptide is a biologically active peptide derived from the C-terminal region of collagen α3(IV) chain, a structural constituent protein at the basement membrane in the ...
Cognitive activity, cognitive function, and brain diffusion characteristics in old age

The objective of this work was to test the hypotheses that a) more frequent cognitive activity in late life is associated with higher brain diffusion anisotropy and lower trace of the diffusion tensor, and b) brain diffusion characteristics partially mediate the association of late life cognitive activity with cognition. As part of a longitudinal cohort study, 379 older people without dementia rated their frequency of participation in cognitive activities, completed a battery of cognitive function tests, and underwent diffusion tensor imaging. We used tract-based spatial statistics to test the association between late life cognitive activity and brain diffusion characteristics. Clusters with statistically significant findings defined regions of interest in which we tested the hypothesis that diffusion characteristics partially mediate the association of late life cognitive activity with cognition. More frequent cognitive activity in late life was associated with higher level of global cognition after adjustment for age, sex, education, and indicators of early life cognitive enrichment (p = 0.001). More frequent cognitive activity was also related to higher fractional anisotropy in the left superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi, left fornix, and corpus callosum, and lower trace in the thalamus (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected). After controlling for fractional anisotropy or trace from these regions, the regression coefficient for the association of late life cognitive activity with cognition was reduced by as much as 26 %. These findings suggest that the association of late life cognitive activity with cognition may be partially mediated by brain diffusion characteristics.
Entretien avec Michel Simonot, auteur de Delta Charlie Delta1

Elise Bouhet : La premiere representation de Delta Charlie Delta a lieu exactement cinquante ans apres les evenements de mai 68. S’agit-il d’une coincidence ?Michel Simonot : Pour le theâtre c’est ...
Midwave infrared ultrashort pulse laser frequency conversion in single crystal, polycrystalline, and amorphous optical materials

We investigate the nonlinear optical properties of transparent optical materials using ultrashort midwave infrared laser pulses between 3 and 4 microns. Random quasi-phase matching in polycrystalline materials generates multiple frequency harmonics of both odd and even orders throughout the transmission window of the target. We also investigate single crystal and amorphous materials and demonstrate a range of frequency conversion and pulse broadening. Simulations using a nonlinear polarization model enhanced with ionization and experimentally measured n2 values provide good qualitative agreement with experimental data.
Application of Deep Eutectic Solvent for Conjugation of Magnetic Nanoparticles onto Graphene Oxide for Lead(II) and Methylene Blue Removal

Abstract Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a substitute for ionic liquids with lower cost and enhanced biodegradability. The most common class of DES refers to a mixture of a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salt and a hydrogen bond donor (e.g., carboxylic acid) with a melting point lower than that of individual components. DESs have recently shown promise for surface modification of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets with different functional groups. We hypothesize that such surface functionalization of GO (and other carbon nanomaterials) with DESs can provide a new route to conjugate metallic nanoparticles onto GO surfaces (and similar). Here, we used a typical DES, based on choline chloride and urea, for the conjugation of pre-synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto GO nanosheets at different GO:Fe3O4 ratios. Physicochemical characterization not only confirmed the ability of DES to prepare DES/GO-Fe3O4 nanohybrids successfully, but also evidenced the influence of DES on the homogeneity and size distribution of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in these nanohybrids. DES/GO-Fe3O4 nanohybrids can perform better than both GO and Fe3O4 as adsorbents for organic dyes (methylene blue, MB) and heavy metals (Lead (II)). However, depending on the contaminant type, the contaminant removal performance varied differently for DES/GO-Fe3O4 nanohybrids with different ratios.
Cognitive and Affective Processing of Risk Information: A Survey Experiment on Risk-Based Decision-Making Related to Crime and Public Safety.

The current study, using a multi-factorial survey experiment with a sample of the general public (N=800), investigates if and how types of risk information on crime and public safety, such as maps, graphs, or tables, commonly used and communicated by law enforcement elicit dual-process (affective and cognitive) risk information processing in risk-based decision-making, and if such processing or decision-making differs depending on the risk level, context, or the type or format of risk information communicated. Participants responded to a vignette in which they were asked to choose a ride-share pick-up point within a certain geographic area with varying risk levels of being involved in a pedestrian-automobile crash. Results showed that risk information related to crime and public safety elicits dual-process risk information processing, and that both affective and cognitive processing significantly predicted risk-based decision-making, regardless of the risk level or type of risk information examined. Interestingly, risk information was used to create an almost “black and white” distinction for participants, in which their lowest-risk choice was treated as their comparison point, relative to all other higher levels of risk, in risk processing and decision-making. Further, the risk level or type of risk information examined did affect the nature and level of affective and cognitive processing elicited, suggesting that different types or characteristics of risk information can change modes of processing and their effects on risk-based decisions. Our findings provide first-of-its-kind data that show members of the general public, as consumers of risk information in relation to crime and public safety, process and make decisions surrounding such information using the dual-process approach. Implications for communicating risk information in relation to crime and public safety to both the general public and police, as well as how to extend the current inquiry to future areas of research on police, are discussed.
Tourniquets in Major Extremity Trauma

Much has been learned about hemorrhage control using tourniquets from wartime experiences, and recent mass casualty events. The use of tourniquets for extremity hemorrhage is a lifesaving skill for all providers to learn.
What Beethoven Meant in China, 1900–1949: Music, Ideology and Power

Many Westerners are not clear about the pivotal role Beethoven has played in China. The idealized Beethoven and his music have been present at momentous historical events in China: from the beginning of the “New Culture” movement; to the funeral of China’s founding father Sun Yat-sen; to the development of Shanghai into an international metropolis; to the Second Sino-Japanese War. This raises a series of questions: why did these Chinese choose Beethoven as their cultural icon? Why a musician? Why a Westerner? The Chinese were culturally primed, through Confucius, to ascribe immense societal influence to music. It was not only the qualities attributed to Beethoven’s character and life but his music itself that inspired Chinese thinkers to write poems, translate novels, advocate for cultural and political agendas, develop a fighting spirit during wartime, and perhaps even to experience love.
Phosphoproteomic Analysis of KSHV-Infected Cells Reveals Roles of ORF45-Activated RSK during Lytic Replication.

Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic virus which has adapted unique mechanisms to modulate the cellular microenvironment of its human host. The pathogenesis of KSHV is intimately linked to its manipulation of cellular signaling pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. We have previously shown that KSHV ORF45 contributes to the sustained activation of both ERK and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK, a major functional mediator of ERK/MAPK signaling) during KSHV lytic replication. ORF45-activated RSK is required for optimal KSHV lytic gene expression and progeny virion production, though the underlying mechanisms downstream of this activation are still unclear. We hypothesized that the activation of RSK by ORF45 causes differential phosphorylation of cellular and viral substrates, affecting biological processes essential for efficient KSHV lytic replication. Accordingly, we observed widespread and significant differences in protein phosphorylation upon induction of lytic replication. Mass-spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic screening identified putative substrates of ORF45-activated RSK in KSHV-infected cells. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that nuclear proteins, including several transcriptional regulators, were overrepresented among these candidates. We validated the ORF45/RSK-dependent phosphorylation of several putative substrates by employing KSHV BAC mutagenesis, kinase inhibitor treatments, and/or CRISPR-mediated knockout of RSK in KSHV-infected cells. Furthermore, we assessed the consequences of knocking out these substrates on ORF45/RSK-dependent regulation of gene expression and KSHV progeny virion production. Finally, we show data to support that ORF45 regulates the translational efficiency of a subset of viral/cellular genes with complex secondary structure in their 5’ UTR. Altogether, these data shed light on the mechanisms by which KSHV ORF45 manipulates components of the host cell machinery via modulation of RSK activity. Thus, this study has important implications for the pathobiology of KSHV and other diseases in which RSK activity is dysregulated.
Chemical Communication in the Guinea Pig: Urinary Components of Low Volatility and Their Access to the Vomeronasal Organ

Guinea pigs (Cavia sp.) utilize chemical information from conspecifics in the regulation of social behavior (Beauchamp et al., 1977; King, 1956; Rood, 1972), We have been Investigating a number of aspects of this communication system. Here, we will present observations and evidence from behavioral and chemical studies that suggest that information transfer among individuals is mediated at least in part by compounds of low volatility. If compounds of low volatility are used, the receptor organ(s) and the means by which the compounds reach the organ(s) are called into question. Volatile compounds can easily reach the olfactory receptor cells during inspiration; non-volatile substances presumably must reach appropriate receptors by some other means. We have hypothesized that the vomeronasal organ is involved in responses to chemical signals, particularly those of low volatility. We also will describe studies investigating access of non-volatile material to the vomeronasal organ.
Constrained sparse functional connectivity networks for MCI classification

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is difficult to diagnose due to its subtlety. Recent emergence of advanced network analysis techniques utilizing resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) has made the understanding of neurological disorders more comprehensively at a whole-brain connectivity level. However, inferring effective brain connectivity from fMRI data is a challenging task, particularly when the ultimate goal is to obtain good control-patient classification performance. Incorporating sparsity into connectivity modeling can potentially produce results that are biologically more meaningful since most biologically networks are formed by a relatively few number of connections. However, this constraint, when applied at an individual level, will degrade classification performance due to inter-subject variability. To address this problem, we consider a constrained sparse linear regression model associated with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Specifically, we introduced sparsity into brain connectivity via l1-norm penalization, and ensured consistent non-zero connections across subjects via l2-norm penalization. Our results demonstrate that the constrained sparse network gives better classification performance than the conventional correlation-based network, indicating its greater sensitivity to early stage brain pathologies.
Experimental silicosis. II. Long-term effects of intratracheally instilled quartz on collagen metabolism and morphologic characteristics of rat lungs.

Rats were intratracheally instilled with 50 mg of silica as quartz (0.5-mu particles) at day 0. One and 2 weeks later, lungs were evaluated histologically and by a variety of biochemical measurements. Protein, proline, and hydroxyproline content (as an index of total lung collagen) were quantitated, as were the lung collagen synthesis rate and the total lung protein biosynthesis rate (evaluated with lung minces in vitro). The ratio of newly synthesized Type I/Type III collagen was determined, as was the same ratio for total lung collagen. These experiments were performed in parallel on chronic respiratory disease-free rats and in a strain of conventional animals. The authors conclude that 1) changes in lung structure and composition can be appreciated as early as 1 week, the earliest time point studied, after intratracheal instillation of 50 mg of quartz; 2) observed morphologic changes during the first 2 weeks are consistent with biochemical changes; 3) there are essentially no differences in the response of chronic respiratory disease-free Sprague-Dawley and conventional Wistar rats to intratracheally instilled silica. Both strains of rats developed silica-containing granulomas, which ultimately developed into silicotic nodules, as well as areas of alveolar lipoproteinosis associated with interstitial pneumonitis.