cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scientific retractions and corrections related to misconduct findings

We examined all 208 closed cases involving official findings of research misconduct published by the US Office of Research Integrity from 1992 to 2011 to determine how often scientists mention in a retraction or correction notice that there was an ethical problem with an associated article. 75 of these cases cited at least one published article affected by misconduct for a total of 174 articles. For 127 of these 174, we found both the article and a retraction or correction statement. Since eight of the 127 published statements consisted of simply the word ‘retracted,’ our analysis focused on the remaining 119 for which a more detailed retraction or correction was published. Of these 119 statements, only 41.2% mentioned ethics at all (and only 32.8% named a specific ethical problem such as fabrication, falsification or plagiarism), whereas the other 58.8% described the reason for retraction or correction as error, loss of data or replication failure when misconduct was actually at issue. Among the published statements in response to an official finding of misconduct (within the time frame studied), the proportion that mentioned ethics was significantly higher in recent years than in earlier years, as was the proportion that named a specific problem. To promote research integrity, scientific journals should consider adopting policies concerning retractions and corrections similar to the guidelines developed by the Committee on Publication Ethics. Funding agencies and institutions should take steps to ensure that articles affected by misconduct are retracted or corrected.
Outcome of Diagnostic Tests Using Samples from Patients with Culture-Proven Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis: Implications for Surveillance

We describe the concordance among results from various laboratory tests using samples derived from nine culture-proven cases of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis. A class-specific indirect immunofluorescence assay for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG, using E. chaffeensis antigen, identified 44 and 33% of the isolation-confirmed HME patients on the basis of samples obtained at initial clinical presentation, respectively; detection of morulae in blood smears was similarly insensitive (22% positive). PCR amplifications of ehrlichial DNA targeting the 16S rRNA gene, the variable-length PCR target gene, and the groESL operon were positive for whole blood specimens obtained from all patients at initial presentation. As most case definitions of HME require a serologic response with compatible illness for a categorization of even probable disease, PCR would have been required to confirm the diagnosis of HME in all nine of these patients without the submission of a convalescent-phase serum sample. These data suggest that many, if not most, cases of HME in patients who present early in the course of the disease may be missed and underscore the limitations of serologically based surveillance systems.
Medicaid Payment for Nonphysician Practitioners: An Access Issue

Abstract: As part of congressional efforts in the 1980s to expand access to care for Medicaid mothers and children, states were required to pay for services provided by certain advanced practice nurses. These mandates created the impetus in many states to expand payment policies for nonphysician practitioners. State Medicaid payment policies are often less restrictive than those of the Medicare program. However, not all states have been receptive to policy expansions and do not cover nonphysician practitioner services to the extent that professional practice acts allow. A few states have yet to meet the 1989 federal mandates.
Interactions Between Natural Selection, Recombination and Gene Density in the Genes of Drosophila

In Drosophila, as in many organisms, natural selection leads to high levels of codon bias in genes that are highly expressed. Thus codon bias is an indicator of the intensity of one kind of selection that is experienced by genes and can be used to assess the impact of other genomic factors on natural selection. Among 13,000 genes in the Drosophila genome, codon bias has a slight positive, and strongly significant, association with recombination--as expected if recombination allows natural selection to act more efficiently when multiple linked sites segregate functional variation. The same reasoning leads to the expectation that the efficiency of selection, and thus average codon bias, should decline with gene density. However, this prediction is not confirmed. Levels of codon bias and gene expression are highest for those genes in an intermediate range of gene density, a pattern that may be the result of a tradeoff between the advantages for gene expression of close gene spacing and disadvantages arising from regulatory conflicts among tightly packed genes. These factors appear to overlay the more subtle effect of linkage among selected sites that gives rise to the association between recombination rate and codon bias.
St Berardus of Marsica (d. 1130) ‘Model Gregorian Bishop’

The ‘Gregorian Reform’ or ‘Gregorian Revolution’ is a model of top–down ecclesiastical change that assumes that local bishops suddenly became, to some extent, agents of Rome. One striking illustration of this is the portrayal of the ‘new Gregorian bishop’, based largely on Berardus of Marsica (d. 1130), presented by Pierre Toubert in his classic Structures du Latium medieval (1973), and now reprised by Jacques Dalarun (2003). This article, employing an unedited collection of miracles, re-examines Toubert's treatment of Berardus and reveals a reforming saint who belongs less to Rome and more to his idiosyncratic cathedral of Santa Sabina.
Autoregressive spread-spectral analysis of intracardiac electrograms: comparison to Fourier analysis

The combination of autoregressive (AR) spectral estimation and the spread spectrum is investigated as a method of evaluating cardiac electrogram recordings. The authors provide examples of autoregressive spectral estimation applied to nonfibrillatory and fibrillatory signals and demonstrate its advantages over established spectral analysis algorithms. AR models were fit to brief epochs of atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, sinus rhythm, and other nonfibrillatory rhythm electrograms. Spread-spectrum plots were constructed from epoch spectra to examine temporal changes in cardiac dynamics as well as differences in spectral estimates. The results of applying the high resolution spread spectrum to clinical data in relation to proposed physiological mechanisms of fibrillation are examined. >
Differences between argon- and krypton-induced reactions leading to the same compound nuclei 158 Er and 156 Er.

The observed differences in the neutron-evaporation excitation functions for argon and krypton induced reactions may be due to the strong friction in the classical dynamic model. In order to reproduce the complete fusion cross sections, a large energy loss in the Kr entrance channel is needed. This large energy loss may be associated with the preequilibrium emission of neutrons in the Kr channel. Neither the large energy loss nor the preequilibrium emission is expected in the Ar channel.
An Exploratory Analysis of the Role of Cue-Induced Urinary Urges in Nocturia

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study assessed the relationship between nocturia and cue-induced urinary urges.Methods: Three hundred and six participants (201 females) ranging from 24 to 88 years of age, median age 53 years old participated in an online survey about bladder symptoms and cues related to urinary urge and urgency incontinence.Results: We found that individuals who experience more instances of cue-related urges have more nocturnal urination, F (4. 504) = 3.106, p < .001, when controlling for age, day time urination frequency, and gender. Our findings suggest that awakening from sleep may be the cause rather than the consequence of urinary urgency.Conclusion: These results add to previous research by offering support that psychological contributors are primary or secondary predictors of urological disorders.
NuMA-microtubule interactions are critical for spindle orientation and the morphogenesis of diverse epidermal structures

Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA so that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic material. A structure called the mitotic spindle helps to ensure each new cell gets the correct amount of DNA. Cells often precisely position their mitotic spindle during division, and this spindle orientation is important for generating different types of cells and for establishing the three-dimensional structure of tissues. How cells rotate their spindles into the correct position is not well understood, but a protein called NuMA is important for this process. Seldin et al. developed genetic tools that could disrupt spindle orientation in specific types of cells to determine where this orientation is important for proper tissue development. This revealed that the correct placement of the mitotic spindle is important for the development of the skin of mouse embryos and the formation of the hair of adult mice. Seldin et al. also found that the NuMA protein binds to the tips of the microtubules that make up the mitotic spindle. This binding activity is important for NuMA to be able to position the mitotic spindle correctly in the cell. The findings suggest similarities between how cells orient mitotic spindles and how they segregate DNA during cell division. More work is now needed to better understand how NuMA collaborates with force-generating molecular motors to precisely orient the mitotic spindle in the cell. In addition, understanding how spindle orientation dictates the fate of cells in the skin is an important future goal.
Seismic diffraction imaging, one migration dip at a time

Seismic angle-domain Kirhhoff migration implies image construction by integration over migration dips. We demonstrate that a correctly positioned seismic image can be obtained after migration using only one subsurface dip angle. Therefore, one can operate with a collection of images for every single dip angle and integrate them for the final image. We use this technique for imaging of seismic diffractions, which are the response of important geological objects but often have low energy and are contaminated by noise.
Comparison between HER-2/neu, estrogen and progesterone receptors in primary breast carcinomas and matched lymph node metastases.

Abstract #3053 Background: HER2, estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) are important markers for prognostic and therapeutic implications in breast cancer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and IHC for HER2 gene amplification and evaluation of ER and PR in primary tumor are commonly used methods. However, evaluation of these markers in lymph nodes or distant metastases, which may be more biologically significant, is not that applicable in regular clinical basis. In the current work we compared HER2 (by FISH), ER and PR (by IHC) in matched primary breast carcinomas and lymph node metastases. Design: Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections from 39 cases of primary and lymph node metastases were assessed for Her2 (by FISH). Primary tumors of the cases selected were known to be HER2 un-amplified. Also, ER and PR IHC were performed on 36 cases from the same cohort of cases to assess any discrepancy between primary and lymph node metastases of these cases. Result: Out of 39 cases, one case was HER2 amplified in lymph node metastasis compared to un-amplified primary tumor. Eight percent of cases (3/36) were ER negative in LN mets and 6% (2/36) were less strongly positive compared to the positive primary tumors. Nineteen percent (7/36) were PR negative in LN mets in contrast to the matched positive primary tumors. Regarding PR immunoreactivity, 6% (2/36) were PR-positive in LN met compared to their corresponding negative primary tumors. Conclusion: While most matched primary breast tumors and lymph node metastases show concordance in HER2, ER, PR status, we found discordance in a minority of cases. These results suggest the possibility that extension of studies in metastatic breast tumors in parallel with that of primary lesions is informative and can be used to determine further treatment options and predict prognosis in breast cancer patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3053.
Investigation of impact of wheel wander on pavement performance

The procedures in Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) and Caltrans software program using Mechanistic-Empirical (CalME) methodologies to address wheel wander are relatively simple and based on dividing the wheel wander distribution into a number of segments (say five) of equal areas. Such approaches suffer from a major limitation that the selection of equal segments is arbitrary, and can, therefore, lead to biased results relative to realistic transverse wheel wander distribution. The proposed Monte-Carlo simulation scheme provided cumulative distribution functions for all the critical responses and they in turn were used to estimate pavement performance (or life). The investigation covered a variety of pavement factors that significantly affect pavement performance or life. The factors included are: (1) pavement layer configuration (thin and thick); (2) pavement material properties (unmodified and polymer-modified asphalt mixture); and (3) tyre configurations (dual and wide-base). In this...
Chemical Communication in Fireflies

Present knowledge of mating behavior in fireflies is limited to species in which adults are luminescent: because of their mating glows or flashes these fireflies have attracted special attention (Lloyd 1971). But the adults of many species have no lights and nothing is known of their mating signals or behavior. In July of 1971 I made observations on 3 such species in 3 different genera.
Comment on “Anthropology and O.R.: The Place of Observation in Management Science Process”: Reply

(1985). Comment on “Anthropology and O.R.: The Place of Observation in Management Science Process”: Reply. Journal of the Operational Research Society: Vol. 36, Practical Developments in Mathematical Programming, pp. 452-452.
Construct Validity to Examine the Latent Traits of Teacher Self-Efficacy Instrument

Teacher efficacy is an important debatable subject concerning its definition and measure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the construct and convergent validity of Tschannen-Moran and Hoy (2001)’s ‘Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES)’. The study used the short version (12-item) TSES scale and Teacher Efficacy Scale (TSE) developed by Gibson and Dembo (1984) as an alternative measure. Total 412 in-service public school teachers from four provinces of Pakistan were selected including 242 (58.74%) female and 170 (41.26%) male teachers. The results show that Principal Axis Factoring yielded three factors, accounting for 64% of the total variance. The factor loading ranged from .50 to .89. Commonalities were in the range of 0.54 to 0.77 with an average of 0.64. There was significant a correlation between two efficacy measures, r (410) = .58, p < .001. Parallel analysis using 1000 sets of simulated data also suggested three factors of the TSES measure for in-service teachers. Female teachers tend to have a higher sense of efficacy than male teachers. The findings of this study provide useful information about to psychometric properties of teacher efficacy scale which further encourages researchers to revise teacher efficacy scale for more reliable and valid measurement. Teacher efficacy is an important debatable subject concerning its definition and measure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the construct and convergent validity of Tschannen-Moran and Hoy (2001)’s ‘Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES)’. The study used the short version (12-item) TSES scale and Teacher Efficacy Scale (TSE) developed by Gibson and Dembo (1984) as an alternative measure. Total 412 in-service public school teachers from four provinces of Pakistan were selected including 242 (58.74%) female and 170 (41.26%) male teachers. The results show that Principal Axis Factoring yielded three factors, accounting for 64% of the total variance. The factor loading ranged from .50 to .89. Communalities were in the range of 0.54 to 0.77 with an average of 0.64. There was significant a correlation between two efficacy measures, r (410) = .58, p < .001. Parallel analysis using 1000 sets of simulated data also suggested three factors of the TSES measure for in-service teachers. Female teachers tend to have higher sense of efficacy than male teachers. The findings of this study provide useful information about to psychometric properties of teacher efficacy scale which further encourages researchers to revise teacher efficacy scale for more reliable and valid measurement.
DYNAMICS OF 3-CHAIN HYBRID CNC MACHINE TOOL

The dynamic problem of the 3-TPS vertical-horizontal conversion hybrid CNC machine tool is studied by using the Lagrange method to analyze the dynamic behavior, study or realize the technology sectors, such as selecting and optimizing the structure parameters, control the machine, and so on. The Lagrange dynamic equation is firstly developed into a standard form expressed in the Cartesian space according to the machine's structure feature. The machine tool is divided into three subsystems: The moving platform, the three limbs and the parallel locking mechanism according to the machine's structure feature. Then the kintic energy and potential energy models of the three subsystems are deduced respectively. The dynamic equation expressed in the Cartesian space of the machine is founded on the base of that. To compute the terms of the dynamic equation, such as the inertia matrix M, the Coriolis centrifugal term V, the gravity term G, and so on, of the three subsystems, the recursion formulas are deduced according to the standard form of the Lagrange dynamic equation. The recursive algorithm to compute the terms is given finally. This dynamic model of the hybrid machine is of clear concept and the calculation is relatively simple. This can satisfy the needs of the machine's control.
Epidemic characteristics of notifiable diseases in Jinshan District of Shanghai City from 2005-2011

[Objective]To analyze the incidence trends and epidemic characteristics of notifiable diseases in Jinshan District of Shanghai City from 2005 to 2011,and provide scientific evidence for developing prevention and control measures.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiologic method was used to analyze the data of reported notifiable disease cases of category A and B from 2005-2011.[Results] No case of category A notifiable disease was reported in 7 years.Totally 19 755 category B and C notifiable diseases cases were reported,with annual incidence rate ranged from 334.14 /100 000 to 474.86 /100 000,and the mortality rate ranged from 0.10 /100 000 to 0.33 /100 000.[Conclusion]The incidence of the notifiable diseases is declining annually.Gonorrhea,syphilis,hepatitis B,pulmonary tuberculosis and dysentery are the focus of communicable diseases control.
Complicated Mandibular Fractures

In many mandibular fractures, proper alignment of the fragments is only a portion of the management program. Consideration must be given to the possibility of numerous other complications, and the patient should be carefully evaluated for injuries of the cervical spine, skull, head, and chest. The medical background, age, and other factors, such as the patient's ability to cooperate and follow the physician's instructions, may determine the method of applied treatment.
Radical prostatectomy: anatomical predictors of success or failure.

AbstractA total of 143 patients underwent radical prostatectomy. Surgical specimens were evaluated with respect to local extent of disease, Gleason grade of the primary and relative nuclear roundness of the surgical specimen. The probability of disease control in the total population was 88 per cent at 5 years. Only 8 per cent of the patients who had disease confined to the specimen failed compared to 14 per cent of those who demonstrated extension outside of the surgical margins. The incidence of failure increased as a function of seminal vesicle involvement. Seminal vesicle involvement was greatest among patients with a Gleason grade greater than 7. Postoperative radiation did not offer any apparent advantage in patients with positive margins.
Observations on the motile behavior of individual neutrophils from a patient with recurrent bacterial infections.

A technique for determining the velocity of individual neutrophils and a standard chemotactic assay were used to study the motile behavior of neutrophils from a patient with recurrent bacterial infections. A chemotactic assay under agarose showed that the abnormal neutrophils were deficient in nondirected and directed movement and that neither the patient’s serum nor plasma was inhibitory to normal neutrophil movement. Microscopic study of individual neutrophils showed that the movement morphology and velocity of the patient’s neutrophils were abnormal. Cells from the patient failed to orient or to show cytoplasmic flow. The mean velocity of the patient’s neutrophils was 2.6 µm/min (controls 11.9), and the range was 0–7.0 µm/min (controls 2.0–21.0). The velocity of normal neutrophils in the patient’s plasma was not decreased and the velocity of the patient’s neutrophils was not increased by ascorbic acid, carbamylcholine, or dibutyryl cyclic GMP. While the cause of decreased neutrophil movement was not defined, no abnormality of neutrophil adherence, glucose oxidation, or actin polymerization was found. The results of this study indicate that observation of individual cells to determine the morphology and velocity of cell movement may enhance our understanding of factors that affect neutrophil movement.
Estimation of Parameters Relating Crude Fiber in Feeds to Acid–Detergent Fiber

By regression analysis of data from 80 check samples from the Association of American Feed Control Officials and applying the least-squares cubic method to the problem of statistical errors in both variables, it was determined that the best linear relation between the percent crude fiber value of a feed and the corresponding percent acid-detergent fiber value is crude fiber (%)=0.77×acid-detergent fiber (%)-0.49
Normobaric hyperoxia stimulates superoxide and nitric oxide production in the caudal solitary complex of rat brain slices

Central CO2-chemosensitive neurons in the caudal solitary complex (cSC) are stimulated not only by hypercapnic acidosis, but by hyperoxia as well. While a cellular mechanism for the CO2 response has yet to be isolated, previous data show that a redox-sensitive mechanism underlies neuronal excitability to hyperoxia. However, it remains unknown how changes in Po2 affect the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the cSC that can lead to increased cellular excitability and, with larger doses, to cellular dysfunction and death. To this end, we used fluorescence microscopy in real time to determine how normobaric hyperoxia increases the production of key RONS in the cSC. Because neurons in the region are CO2 sensitive, we also examined the potential effects of CO2 narcosis, used during euthanasia before brain slice harvesting, on RONS production. Our findings show that normobaric hyperoxia (0.4 → 0.95 atmospheres absolute O2) increases the fluorescence rates of fluorogenic dyes specific to both superoxide and nitric oxide. Interestingly, different results were seen for superoxide fluorescence when CO2 narcosis was used during euthanasia, suggesting long-lasting changes in superoxide production and/or antioxidant activity subsequent to CO2 narcosis before brain slicing. Further research needs to distinguish whether the increased levels of RONS reported here are merely increases in oxidative and nitrosative signaling or, alternatively, evidence of redox and nitrosative stress.
Lung cancer risk prediction models for Mexican Americans and African Americans

B5 Background: Lung cancer risk-prediction models can identify high-risk smokers who can be targeted for intensive interventions such as smoking-cessation programs, chemoprevention trials, or specialized screening programs. Current models have focused primarily on white heavy smokers; therefore, the construction of risk models based on data from lung cancer studies involving minority participants is clearly warranted. The purpose of this analysis was to identify lung cancer risk factors for African Americans and Mexican Americans and to construct risk models for these two groups, respectively. Methods: We constructed risk models for African Americans and Mexican Americans, separately, and calculated absolute 5-year risks of lung cancer on the basis of data from 703 patients with lung cancer (491 African Americans and 212 Mexican Americans) and 825 controls. Data included smoking history, environmental and occupational exposures, medical history and family history of cancer. Results: The risk models included participants’ age at smoking cessation (former smokers), pack-years smoked (current smokers), current body mass index, and whether participants had prior chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or hay fever or had been exposed to asbestos (African Americans), wood dust (African Americans), or pesticides (Mexican Americans). The discriminatory powers for our ethnic-specific lung models were 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77-0.82) for African Americans and 0.74 (95% CI = 0.69-0.79) for Mexican Americans; these discriminatory powers were higher than those obtained using a lung cancer risk model based white subjects to predict lung cancer among our Mexican American and African American smokers. Conclusions: Our lung cancer risk models showed that minority populations may share lung cancer exposures with whites but also exhibit differing levels of risks and unique risks specifically related to occupational exposures. Validation of these risk models in independent populations is warranted.
Geospatial Big Data and archaeology: Prospects and problems too great to ignore

As spatial technology has evolved and become integrated in to archaeology, we face a new set of challenges posed by the sheer size and complexity of data we use and produce. In this paper I discuss the prospects and problems of Geospatial Big Data (GBD) – broadly defined as data sets with locational information that exceed the capacity of widely available hardware, software, and/or human resources. While the datasets we create today remain within available resources, we nonetheless face the same challenges as many other fields that use and create GBD, especially in apprehensions over data quality and privacy. After reviewing the kinds of archaeological geospatial data currently available I discuss the near future of GBD in writing culture histories, making decisions, and visualizing the past. I use a case study from New Zealand to argue for the value of taking a data quantity-in-use approach to GBD and requiring applications of GBD in archaeology be regularly accompanied by a Standalone Quality Report.
Anticancer Activity of Copper Complex of (4R)-(-)-2-Thioxo-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic Acid and 3-Rhodaninepropionic Acid on Prostate and Breast Cancer Cells by Fluorescent Microscopic Imaging.

Copper complexes with strong anticancer activity are promising new drugs for treatment of patients with metastatic cancer. Copper 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde-thiosemicarbazide (CuHQTS) and copper 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (CuHQDMTS) were found to have strong anticancer activity against cisplatin-resistant neuroblastoma cells and prostate cancer cells. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize two new anticancer copper complexes, copper complex of (4R)-(−)-2-Thioxo-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid (CuTTDC), and copper complex of 3-Rhodaninepropionic acid-copper complex (CuRDPA). Cell growth inhibition and cytotoxicity of CuTTDC and CuRDPA on prostate and breast cancer cells were evaluated with Cell Counting Kits-8 (CCK8) assay and fluorescent microscopic imaging respectively. Strong anticancer activity of CuTTDC and CuRDPA was demonstrated by growth inhibition and cytotoxicity of prostate and breast cancer cells treated with these two copper complexes, supporting further investigation of potential use of these two new anticancer complexes for treatment of prostate and breast cancer metastasis.
Shedding of membrane-associated LDL receptor-related protein-1 from microglia amplifies and sustains neuroinflammation

In the CNS, microglia are activated in response to injury or infection and in neurodegenerative diseases. The endocytic and cell signaling receptor, LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), is reported to suppress innate immunity in macrophages and oppose microglial activation. The goal of this study was to identify novel mechanisms by which LRP1 may regulate microglial activation. Using primary cultures of microglia isolated from mouse brains, we demonstrated that LRP1 gene silencing increases expression of proinflammatory mediators; however, the observed response was modest. By contrast, the LRP1 ligand, receptor-associated protein (RAP), robustly activated microglia, and its activity was attenuated in LRP1-deficient cells. An important element of the mechanism by which RAP activated microglia was its ability to cause LRP1 shedding from the plasma membrane. This process eliminated cellular LRP1, which is anti-inflammatory, and generated a soluble product, shed LRP1 (sLRP1), which is potently proinflammatory. Purified sLRP1 induced expression of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and the mRNA encoding inducible nitric-oxide synthase in both LRP1-expressing and -deficient microglia. LPS also stimulated LRP1 shedding, as did the heat-shock protein and LRP1 ligand, calreticulin. Other LRP1 ligands, including α2-macroglobulin and tissue-type plasminogen activator, failed to cause LRP1 shedding. Treatment of microglia with a metalloproteinase inhibitor inhibited LRP1 shedding and significantly attenuated RAP-induced cytokine expression. RAP and sLRP1 both caused neuroinflammation in vivo when administered by stereotaxic injection into mouse spinal cords. Collectively, these results suggest that LRP1 shedding from microglia may amplify and sustain neuroinflammation in response to proinflammatory stimuli.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Dairy Cows and Genetic Diversity of Resistant Isolates.

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent and major contagious mastitis bacterial pathogen. The antibiotic treatment cure rates vary considerably from 4% to 92%. Staphylococcus aureus readily becomes resistant to antibiotics, resulting in persistent noncurable intramammary infection that usually results in culling of infected animals. Because of its notorious ability to acquire resistance to the commonly used as well as last resort antimicrobials such as methicillin and vancomycin and the development of multidrug-resistant strains, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in S. aureus is of paramount importance in human medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of AMR and genetic diversity of S. aureus isolates from milk of dairy cattle. Staphylococcus aureus isolates (n = 239) from 33 dairy farms in Tennessee were tested against 10 antimicrobials by broth microdilution method using the Sensititer system. Genetic diversity of resistant isolates was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electro...
GUILeak: tracing privacy policy claims on user input data for Android applications

The Android mobile platform supports billions of devices across more than 190 countries around the world. This popularity coupled with user data collection by Android apps has made privacy protection a well-known challenge in the Android ecosystem. In practice, app producers provide privacy policies disclosing what information is collected and processed by the app. However, it is difficult to trace such claims to the corresponding app code to verify whether the implementation is consistent with the policy. Existing approaches for privacy policy alignment focus on information directly accessed through the Android platform (e.g., location and device ID), but are unable to handle user input, a major source of private information. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that automatically detects privacy leaks of user-entered data for a given Android app and determines whether such leakage may violate the app's privacy policy claims. For evaluation, we applied our approach to 120 popular apps from three privacy-relevant app categories: finance, health, and dating. The results show that our approach was able to detect 21 strong violations and 18 weak violations from the studied apps.
CD11b+ interstitial macrophages are required for ischemia-induced lung angiogenesis

The importance of myeloid cells in promoting neovascularization has been shown in a number of pathological settings in several organs. However, the specific role of macrophages in promoting systemic angiogenesis during pulmonary ischemia is not fully determined. Our past work suggested that cells of monocytic lineage contributed to systemic angiogenesis in the lung since clodronate-induced depletion of all macrophages resulted in attenuated neovascularization. Our current goals were to define the population of macrophages important for systemic vessel growth into the lung after the onset of pulmonary ischemia in mice. Interstitial macrophages (CD64+ MerTK+ CD11b+ ) increased significantly as did the percent of CD45+ Ly6G+ neutrophils 1 day after the induction of left lung ischemia, despite the fact there was limited cell recruitment due to complete obstruction of the left pulmonary artery in this ischemia model. Since both interstitial macrophages and neutrophils express CD11b, we used CD11b+ DTR mice and showed the critical role for these cells since CD11b+ depleted mice showed no systemic angiogenesis 7 days after the onset of ischemia when compared to control mice. Coculture of mouse aortic endothelial cells with macrophages showed increased proliferation relative to endothelial cells in culture without inflammatory cells, or pulmonary artery endothelial cells. We conclude that CD11b+ leukocytes, trapped within the lung at the onset of ischemia, contribute to growth factor release, and are critical for new blood vessel proliferation.
Stepwise Reduction of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Its Effects on Chemical and Colloidal Properties

Graphene Oxides (GO) typically contains different oxygen containing groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and epoxy, and reduced GO (r-GO) represents a family of material with diverse chemical properties. In an effort to understand how properties of r-GO change as GO is reduced, a stepwise reduction of the same GO to r-GO containing different levels of oxygen was carried out, and their corresponding chemical and colloidal properties are reported. Starting with GO containing 49 percent oxygen, r-GOs containing 31, 19 and 9 percent oxygen were synthesized. The aqueous behavior in terms of solubility gradually decreased from 7.4 µg/ml for GO to nearly zero for r-GO with 9% oxygen, while dispersibility under sonication decreased from 8 to 2.5 µg/ml for the same samples. Hydrophobicity index as measured as the octanol water partition coefficient decreased from −3.89 to 5.2% as oxygen content dropped from 49 to 9%. Colloidal behavior was also dramatically affected by reduction, and critical coagulation concentration (CCC) dropped from 28 to 15 in presence of 0.5 mmole/l NaCl and from 6 to 2 in presence of 0.5 mmole/l MgCl2 as the oxygen in the original GO was reduced to 9%.
Examining the relationship between the Big Five, Grit and avoidance of automated communication scales in adults 40-65.

Automated communication technologies (ACTs) have largely become commonplace in the day to day life. Although these technologies are widely used, there is a not insubstantial proportion of the popul...
Fear appeals in road safety advertising: an analysis of a controversial social marketing campaign in Russia

This study reports the results of a content analysis that used the Extended Parallel Processing Model (EPPM) to measure the levels of threat and self-efficacy messages in a series of controversial ...
Silicon photonic integrated circuit for on-chip spectroscopic gas sensing

We present a chip-scale spectroscopic methane sensor, incorporating a tunable laser, sensor waveguides, and methane reference cell, assembled as a compact silicon photonic integrated circuit. The sensor incorporates an InP-based semiconductor optical amplifier/photodetector array, flip-chip soldered onto a silicon photonic substrate using highprecision waveguide-to-waveguide interfaces. The InP chip provides gain for a hybrid external cavity laser operating at 1650 nm. The sensor features a 20-cm-long TM-mode evanescent-field waveguide as the sensing element and is compatible with high-volume wafer-scale silicon photonics manufacturing and assembly processes. This sensor can be an enabling platform for economical methane and more general distributed environmental trace-gas monitoring.
Regulation of renal naDC1 expression and citrate excretion by NBCe1-a

Citrate is critical for acid-base homeostasis and to prevent calcium nephrolithiasis. Both metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia decrease citrate excretion and increase expression of Na+-dicarboxylate...
Return to Sport Following Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Athletes: A Systematic Review

Purpose To report the rate of return to sport following revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in athletes. Methods A systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted for athletes undergoing revision ACL reconstruction at a minimum 1-year follow-up. The primary outcome measure was return to sport following revision ACL reconstruction. Secondary outcomes were International Knee Documentation Committee score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Tegner and Lysholm scores, KT-1000 arthrometer measurements, and rates of ACL rerupture. A subjective analysis was performed, and data were summarized using forest plots, ranges, and tables. Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The rate of return to sport at any level ranged from 56% to 100%. The rate of return to sport at preinjury level ranged from 13% to 69%. The average time to return to sport ranged from 6.7 to 12 months. The average patient-reported outcome scores ranged from 43% to 86% (International Knee Documentation Committee score), 45% to 95% (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), 4.3 to 9 (Tegner), and 84% to 91% (Lysholm). KT-1000 arthrometer measurements ranged from 1.2 to 3.1 mm. Rates of ACL rerupture ranged from 0% to 20%. Conclusions This systematic review demonstrated a relatively high rate of return to sport at any level in patients who underwent revision ACL reconstruction, but a relatively low rate of return to sport at preinjury level of play. Patient-reported outcomes were favorable, showing improvement at follow-up from preoperative scores. Rates of ACL rerupture were high relative to those reported for primary ACL reconstruction. This study suggests that athletes may have difficulty resuming their previous level of sport following revision ACL reconstruction but have a good chance of returning to a lower level of play. Level of Evidence Level IV, systematic review of Level II-IV studies.
Prenatal Testosterone Exposure Alters GABAergic Synaptic Inputs to GnRH and KNDy Neurons in a Sheep Model of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Prenatal testosterone (T)-treated female sheep display reproductive deficits similar to women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), including an increase in LH pulse frequency due to actions of the central GnRH pulse generator. In this study, we used multiple-label immunocytochemistry to investigate the possibility of changes in the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system at two key components of the GnRH pulse generator in prenatal T-treated sheep: kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons of the arcuate nucleus, and GnRH neurons in the preoptic area (POA) and mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). We observed a significant decrease and increase, respectively, in the number of GABAergic synapses onto POA and MBH GnRH neurons in prenatal T-treated ewes; additionally, there was a significant increase in the number of GABAergic inputs onto KNDy neurons. To determine the actions of GABA on GnRH and KNDy neurons, we examined colocalization with the chloride transporters NKCC1 and KCC2, which indicate stimulatory or inhibitory activation of neurons by GABA, respectively. Most GnRH neurons in both POA and MBH colocalized NKCC1 cotransporter whereas none contained the KCC2 cotransporter. Most KNDy neurons colocalized either NKCC1 or KCC2, and 28% of the KNDy population contained NKCC1 alone. Therefore, we suggest that, as in the mouse, GABA in the sheep is stimulatory to GnRH neurons, as well as to a subset of KNDy neurons. Increased numbers of stimulatory GABAergic inputs to both MBH GnRH and KNDy neurons in prenatal T-treated animals may contribute to alterations in steroid feedback control and increased GnRH/LH pulse frequency seen in this animal model of PCOS.
Comment on "Search for Axionlike Dark Matter with a Liquid-State Nuclear Spin Comagnetometer".

We comment on arXiv:1901.10843, pointing out that its constraint on ultra-low-mass axions is incompatible with the duration of the data set described. We describe a simple way to analyze such data that gives the correct scaling.
Recurrent Oral Cancer and Salvage Options

Recurrence rates for oral squamous cell cancer are reported to occur in up to 30% of patients depending on initial disease stage presentation with most recurrences developing either locally or regionally within 3 years of initial therapy. Successful salvage therapy for recurrent disease will depend on numerous factors to include initial tumor staging and pathologic features, location and timing of recurrence, and initial treatment strategy rendered. This chapter will review current literature on the etiology, prognosis, and various treatment options available with regard to management of recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Designing ultraviolet upconversion for photochemistry

Abstract Upconversion nanoparticle (UNP) technology has matured to enable cutting edge applications in bioimaging, sensing, and photochemistry. UNPs have garnered wide interest due to the many facets of available material choices, surface modifications and optical properties. With their nonblinking long luminescent lifetimes, large anti-Stokes shift and photostability combined with their relatively small size, they provide a compelling alternative to traditional molecular probes in bioimaging and biosensing applications. In particular, the ability to upconvert photons from near-infrared (NIR) to ultraviolet (UV) allows for the development of site-specific methods of photochemical activation of various functional, theranostic agents. This review summarizes advances in the development of synthetic methods that promote UV luminescence in UNPs. The review is organized into three broad topics: the host, dopants, and architecture. Examples of selected applications that may utilize improved NIR to UV upconversion are included. As the advancements in nanotechnology continue to benefit the fields of biochemistry, medicine, and biology, new paradigms of implementation of UNPs may broaden their clinical appeal.
The Matrix of Gendered Islamophobia: Muslim Women’s Repression and Resistance:

Drawing on 75 semi-structured qualitative interviews with Arab, South Asian, and Black Muslim women social justice activists, ages 18–30 years, organizing in the United States and the United Kingdo...
Early adopters of a low vision head-mounted assistive technology

Early adopters of emerging technology offer unique insights into the benefits and hurdles of using technology in daily life. We interviewed early adopters of a head-mounted assistive device for low vision called eSight 2.0 and client-facing employees of the company that produced the device in order to better understand the ways that daily use of the technology can help us understand social implications of digitally enhanced vision. These interviews probed personal and professional experiences for social and emotional impacts associated with adoption of this type of low-vision assistive technology. From our interviews, four themes emerged: 1) assessing the value of assistive technology in real life, 2) negotiating social engagement, 3) boundaries of sight, and 4) attitudes toward and expectations of technology. We introduce the concept of multiplicities of vision to highlight that sight is not one thing for all people in all situations. We argue that individuals with low vision who use assistive technology have skilled vision that is neither fully-human nor fully-digital, but rather, assembled through a combination of social and technical affordances. We propose that instead of seeing low-vision users through a deficit model of sight, human-computer interaction designers have more to gain by viewing people with low vision as individuals with expertise in skilled vision that is both socially and technologically mediated.
532. COVID-19 Pneumonia in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies – A Report from the US Epicenter

Background: Limited data are available for risk assessment and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) We present a single center study of COVID-19 pneumonia in a cohort of 31 patients with HM Methods: Data were abstracted from electronic medical records for patients admitted to NYPH between 3/5/20 and 4/17/20 and entered into a REDCap database Results: Twenty (64 5%) were male;median age was 71 years There were 8 patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM), 8 with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), 6 (19 4%) had AML, 5 (16 1%) NHL, 2 (3 2%) ALL;CML, MDS and Polycythemia Vera occurred in 1 patient each Twenty-four (77 4%) had active HM;6 (19 4%) were in remission;and 1 relapsed Nineteen patients (61 3%) received recent chemotherapy and 11 (35 5%) immunosuppressive therapies There were 7 (22 6%) hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients (4 allogeneic and 3 autologous) Comorbidities were evenly distributed among all malignancies: 18 (58 1%) had hypertension, 9 (38 7%) obesity, 7 (22 6%) diabetes mellitus, and 11 (35 5%) were former smokers The most common symptoms included cough (90 3%), fever (83 9%) and dyspnea (61 3%);7 (22 6%) had nausea and vomiting;7 (22 6%) had diarrhea On presentation, hypoxia (O2 sat ≤94% on room air) occurred in 64 5%;median ALC was 330/ml;23 (74 2%) had ALC 16500), and D-dimers 456 ng/ml (< 150-2418) Thirteen patients (41 9%) required ICU admission and were intubated;among those 9 (69 2%) had either MM or CLL Co-infections were uncommon;two patients developed HSV1 pneumonitis and one of these also had CMV pneumonitis Twenty-eight (90 3%) were treated with hydroxychloroquine, 5 (16 1%) remdesivir, 2 (6 5%) tocilizumab, 1 (3 2%) sarilumab, and 4 (12 9%) with methylprednisolone 0 5mg/kg Q12h Seventeen patients (54 8%) recovered and were discharged, 12 (38 7%) died;2 (6 5%) were still hospitalized but left the ICU Conclusion: In our cohort, there were predominantly more patients with MM and CLL and 56% of these were intubated;larger cohort studies will further define the risk and outcome for COVID-19 in patients with HM