cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CAD Based Programming for Sensory Robots

This book contains 26 papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "CAD Based Programming for Sensory Robots," held in IL CIOCCa, Italy, July 4-6, 1988. CAD based robot programming is considered to be the process where CAD (Computer Based) models are used to develop robot programs. If the program is generated, at least partially, by a programmer interacting, for example, with a computer graph i c d sp i 1 ay of the robot and its workce 11 env ironment, the process is referred to as graphical off-line programming. On the other hand, if the robot program is generated automatically, for example, by a computer, then the process is referred to as automatic robot programmi ng. The key element here is the use of CAD models both for interact i ve and automat i c generat i on of robot programs. CAD based programmi ng, therefore, bri ngs together computer based model i ng and robot programmi ng and as such cuts across several discipl ines including geometric model ing, robot programming, kinematic and dynamic modeling, artificial intelligence, sensory monitoring and so-on.
TOWARD AN AUSTRIAN VIEW OF COPYRIGHT

The concept of intellectual property poses potentially difficult questions for those sympathetic to the Austrian economic viewpoint. Austrians are staunch proponents of the free market and this leads them to strongly defend private property rights. It also leads to a strong condemnation of government granted monopolies. If both of these positions are taken, then how should an Austrian view intellectual property? This paper attempts to develop a market oriented public policy position concerning copyright protection. It concludes that markets are much more efficient, and desirable, for protecting intellectual property than is the government.
Evaluation of Soil pH‐Percent Base Saturation Relationships for Use in Estimating the Lime Requirements of Earthen Aquaculture Ponds

The pH-percent base saturation relationships of selected subsurface soil horizons were evaluated by fitting theoretical and empirical models to published soils data. The selected models were validated by fitting them to an independent set of data. The selected models did not fit the second set of data as well as the original data, but they provide initial approximations for use in cases when real values can't be measured. Possible reasons for the poorer fit to the second data set are discussed. One possibility for increasing the range of soils to which suitable pH-percent base saturation models can be fit is to refine the soil classification system being used. Valid pH-percent base saturation models can be combined with on-site soil pH measurements and typical cation exchange capacity values to estimate aquaculture pond lime requirements on a broad range of soil types in the field i.e., without reliance on laboratory analyses.
High pressure-high temperature laboratory apparatus for the measurement of deep sea sediment physical properties

Abstract Laboratory equipment has been built which will measure the permeability and thermal conductivity of deep-sea sediments at their in-situ conditions of hydrostatic pressure, temperature, and void ratio. The apparatus has the capability of uniaxially consolidating a sediment sample to simulate compaction within the sediment column, while exposing the specimen to hydrostatic pressures ranging from atmospheric to 62 MPa and to temperatures from 22 to 220°C. The equipment includes a hypodermic needle mounted vertically through the base of the pressure vessel from which thermal conductivity is determined by the needle probe method. The system also features a combination of dead-weight testers which produces a small hydraulic gradient across the sample and permits the measurement of sediment permeability at large hydrostatic pressures. The physical property data generated from this apparatus will be important in understanding the mechanisms of heat transfer through the ocean floor and in analysing the coupled flow of heat and pore fluid in the vicinity of a heat source, such as a radioactive waste canister, buried in the seabed.
Some Thermal Requirements of Fiddler Crabs of the Temperate and Tropical Zones and Their Influence on Geographic Distribution

Synopsis. Thermal stress is one environmental parameter that has greatly influenced the migration of crustaceans from the sea to land. Since a greater number of species of terrestrial crabs are found in the tropics than in the temperate zone, comparative studies of the influence of temperature on latitudinally separated populations were undertaken. Two tropical species, U. rapax and U. thayeri, may occur as far north as St. Augustine, Florida, or, following a severe winter, may be rare north of Cape Kennedy. The lethal effect of the low temperatures recorded during one severe winter (1957-58) is supported by laboratory studies in which LDso deaths occurred in 4.5 days at 10?C for U. rapax acclimated to 18?C. The experiment demonstrates that U. rapax cannot acclimate to and survive low temperatures. This contrasts markedly with the situation in semi-terrestrial crabs of the temperate zone, which are able to acclimate to cold. The distribution of Uca around Cape Cod Bay correlates well with the coastal hydrographic thermal gradient and supports Passano's suggestion that temperatures below 20? may be limiting as they inhibit proecdysis in U. pugnax. Such an inhibition is found experimentally in U. pugilator and in the tropical species, U. rapax. It is hypothesized that a shift in the thermodynamics of the processes underlying molting has not occurred in Uca of the temperate zone. The paucity of semi-terrestrial Brachyura in the temperate zone may be due to the failure of many species to evolve capacity-adaptations to carry out all requisite life processes at temperatures below 20?, or the resistance-adaptations necessary to survive the low temperatures of winter.
Phase transition luminescence in boiling water; Evidence for clusters

Abstract Emission spectrography shows an anomalous increase in the infrared radiation from boiling water. Emission bands are seen at 2.10μ and 1.54μ wavelengths. Their strength depends on the rate of liquid vapour phase transition. They do not appear in water superheated to 110°C at one atmosphere. The bands, of the order of 100 cm −1 wide, are not in the water vapor spectrum. These data lie outside the range of phenomena on which our present views of water are based and appear to provide evidence for the existence of clusters of molecules in liquid water.
Anxiety sensitivity and risk-taking behavior

High trait anxiety has been linked with risk-avoidant decision-making, though little is known regarding the specific facets of anxiety contributing to this negative association. Anxiety sensitivity (AS), a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor for anxiety-related pathology, may be particularly relevant to risk decision-making given that risk-taking behaviors generate heightened somatic arousal and produce many of the sensations feared by individuals with high AS. Two studies were conducted to investigate the relation between AS and risk decision-making. In the first study, 268 undergraduate students completed a series of questionnaires that included measures of AS and gambling behaviors. Significant negative correlations were observed between AS and several gambling-related risk-taking activities, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that AS scores added significant incremental validity in predicting risk-taking over and above demographic variables, negative affect, and trait anxiety. In the second study, 43 participants who had screened for high (n=20) or low (n=23) AS completed the Iowa gambling task, a behavioral measure of risk-taking. Results indicated that, when placed under conditions of risk, individuals with high AS engaged in significantly less risk-taking than their low AS counterparts. The implications of these findings and potential directions for future research are discussed.
Gum arabic-coated radioactive gold nanoparticles cause no short-term local or systemic toxicity in the clinically relevant canine model of prostate cancer.

INTRODUCTION Gum arabic-coated radioactive gold nanoparticles (GA-(198)AuNPs) offer several advantages over traditional brachytherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer, including homogenous dose distribution and higher dose-rate irradiation. Our objective was to determine the short-term safety profile of GA-(198)AuNPs injected intralesionally. We proposed that a single treatment of GA-(198)AuNPs would be safe with minimal-to-no evidence of systemic or local toxicity. METHODS Nine dogs with spontaneously occurring prostatic cancer were treated. Injections were performed with ultrasound or computerized tomography guidance. Complete blood counts, chemistry panels, and urinalyses were performed at weekly intervals for 1 month and imaging was repeated 4 weeks postinjection. Planar scintigraphic images were obtained within 30 minutes of injection. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found in any hematologic or biochemical parameter studied, nor was any evidence of tumor swelling or abscessation found in eight dogs with repeat imaging; one dog died secondary to urethral obstruction 12 days following injection. At 30 minutes postinjection, an average of 53% of injected dose in seven dogs was retained in the prostate, with loss of remaining activity in the bladder and urethra; no systemic uptake was detected. CONCLUSION GA-(198)AuNP therapy had no short-term toxicity in the treatment of prostatic cancer. While therapeutic agent was found in the prostate immediately following injection, some loss of agent was detected in the bladder and urethra. Localization of radioactivity within the prostate was lower than anticipated and likely due to normal vestigial prostatic ducts. Therefore, further study of retention, dosimetry, long-term toxicity, and efficacy of this treatment is warranted prior to Phase I trials in men.
On the formulation of an analytical approach to hydrologic response and similarity at the basin scale

Abstract The hydrologic response at the basin scale represents the temporally and spatially averaged behavior of water transport in a channel network. Some theoretical studies have recently appeared in the literature which attempt to formulate and solve the problem of how the averaging of the network geometry and the dynamics determines the hydrologic response. A review of these recent papers shows that the incorporation of the network geometry in terms of the Strahler ordered channels is not appropriate. An alternate analytical approach is formulated which requires the use of the path number classification for this purpose. This approach also makes it apparent that the analytical geomorphology (via Shreve's postulates) provides a natural avenue for undertaking analytical investigations on the structure of the hydrologic response. These connections are explored in the vein of formulating and solving the problem of hydrologic similarity.
Bound to cooperate? Transatlantic policy in the middle east

The United States and Europe are not bound to cooperate in the Middle East, but they are also not fated to conflict. Rather, cooperation must be actively cultivated to forge common strategic approaches, such as these, that can no longer be taken for granted.
The changing landscape of retirement rules of thumb

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the continued adherence to “standing” rules of thumb for the percentage of pre-retirement income which should be available to retirees. Design/methodology/approach – An analysis of census data to determine both the cause and magnitude of the debt load which retirees are carrying into their post-working years. Findings – The “standing” rules of thumb appear to provide less than adequate levels of income for retirees to service their continuing debt load which they have chosen to carry into their retirement years. Research limitations/implications – Census data are subject to the accuracy of “captured information” provided by the surveyed individuals. In this case, the information captured is consistent with generally reported data on the sufficiency of retirement income. Practical implications – Financial planners need to “get the word out early” that individuals need to consider earlier/greater funding of their anticipated retirement income. Social implic...
An Accountant among Economists: Conservations with Sir John R. Hicks

S ir John Hicks (1904–1989) has left an indelible impression on modern economic discourse. His Value and Capital (1939) stood as a model for neoclassical microeconomics as economists know it today. His condensation of Keynes's General Theory in the form of the IS / LM diagram became the core of Keynesian macroeconomics. In 1972 he was awarded the Nobel Prize (together with Kenneth Arrow) for his pioneering contributions to modern demand and welfare theory. Later, after his retirement from Oxford University in 1965, he seemed to change course. The books he then wrote got less attention. The older Hicks seemed to have drifted from the mainstream that the younger Hicks had helped to set into motion. The first of two conversations took place in Oxford in early December 1986. Hicks's office was hidden in the complex of All Souls College. It was a small office. I found him sitting in a red armchair. He stuttered and frequently interrupted the conversation with long pauses.
Three-mirror, four-beam moiré interferometer and its capabilities

Abstract A short history and description of the basic principles of moire interferometry lead to the introduction of a three-mirror, four-beam moire interferometer. The theory of operation of the instrument is provided. Some variations of the system are discussed with recommendations for specific applications.
Comparing perceived experiences of prejudice among self-identified plurisexual individuals

Based on the limited research available regarding bisexual individuals, there is some evidence to suggest this group may be subject to unique forms of prejudice within both heterosexual and lesbian/gay communities. To date, research in this area has relied on samples that do not reflect the diversity of the non-monosexual/plurisexual community. The present study explored the perceived experiences of anti-bisexual prejudice among a diverse group of self-identified bisexual, pansexual, queer and fluid adults (n = 235). Participants completed an online self-report survey containing 50-items concerning experiences and expressions of sexual orientation and gender identity. Results from the Anti-Bisexual Experiences Scale revealed bisexual participants reported more experiences of sexual prejudice from lesbian/gay individuals than did pansexual/queer/fluid participants. Exploratory analyses based on this finding revealed bisexual individuals also reported less subjective connection to the lesbian, gay, bisexual...
Morphological evidence for lens differentiation from intra-ocular implants of lens epithelium in Ambystoma maculatum

In larvae of Ambystoma maculatum, pieces of lens epithelium and lens capsule were implanted into the pupil of the eye following removal of the host lens. Hosts were fixed from 1 to 31 days after operation. In the first series, some donor lens fibers were included with the implants. These implants developed into lenses in which the old lens fibers were surrounded by new lens fibers which had differentiated from the lens epithelium. In the second series, implants of lens epithelium and lens capsule alone also formed quite normal lenses enclosed by a new lens capsule. These lenses were oriented with the lens epithelium facing the cornea and the lens fiber pole facing the vitreous.
Hybrid mode-lock InGaAsP/InP MQW laser as a multiwavelength source for WDM

A hybrid mode-locked semiconductor laser was demonstrated as a multi-wavelength light source for WDM networks. The laser simultaneously provides over 50 WDM channels spaced at 21.8 GHz (0.17 nm). Channel spacing is temperature independent and is determined by the modulating frequency applied to the absorber section of the laser, thus is very stable. The wavelength of the channels can be slightly tuned by injection current and/or temperature. We demonstrate dropping a WDM channel at a network node by using a Fiber Bragg Grating combined with a fiber coupler.
Fast Algorithm for Best Anisotropic Walsh Bases and Relatives

Abstract We introduce a new family of N log N best basis search algorithms for functions of more than one variable. These algorithms search the collection of anisotropic wavelet packet and cosine packet bases and output a minimum entropy basis for a given function. These algorithms are constructed after treating the model problem of computing best Walsh packet bases. Several intermediate algorithms for conducting mixed isotropic/anisotropic best basis searches in the function's various coordinate directions are also presented.
Self-regulated glycosylated insulin delivery

Abstract A self-regulating insulin delivery system, based on the concept of competitive binding between synthetic glycosylated insulin (G-insulin) and glucose to concanavalin A (Con A) ligand substrate, has been designed. The competitive binding of the two ligands for the substrate regulates G-insulin release in relation to the outside glucose concentration, while a polymeric membrane, serving as a peritoneal implant pouch containing G-insulin and Con A, is used to control the permeability of glucose influx and G-insulin efflux. Mono-, di- and tri-sugar substituted insulins have been characterized. The nonimmunogenicity, bioactivity and pharmacodynamic activity of succinyl amidophenyl glucopyranoside insulin (SAPG-insulin) and succinyl amidophenyl mannopyranoside insulin (SAPM-insulin) were found to be comparable to unsubstituted bovine insulin. Initial systems were based on SAPG- or SAPM-insulin with water soluble Con A tetramer contained in pouches of porous ρ-HEMA or cellulose acetate. A second system was designed with Con A immobilized beads (to prevent Con A leakage) and cellulose acetate or Nucleopore ® membranes. A new system was designed by crosslinking the Con A molecules to create a gel and enclosing the insulin and gel in a pouch of Durapore ® membrane (heat sealable and having comparable permeability to G-insulins andglucose). The fabricated pouch in vitro showed a short lag time in response to glucose with no leakage of Con A molecules. An alternative system of Con A and SAPG-insulin loaded into microcapsules demonstrated a short lag time for insulin release due to the large surface area of the microcapsules.
Reduction of hypertrophic scar via retroviral delivery of a dominant negative TGF-β receptor II☆

Effective blockade of the pluripotent cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta as a means of cutaneous scar reduction is a strategy with great potential. This desired effect may be achieved through the overexpression of mutant TGF-beta receptors within the wound milieu. Our goal was to examine the effects of dominant negative mutant TGF-beta receptor II (TGFbetaRIIdn) protein expression in a well-established rabbit ear model of hypertrophic scarring. Serial injections of a retroviral construct encoding a truncated TGFbetaRII and the marker green fusion protein (pMSCV-rIIdn-GFP) were performed in 7mm punch wounds at day 10 and day 12 (two-day injection group) or days 8, 10, 12 (three-day injection group) post-wounding. Delivery of an empty vector (pMSCV-GFP) at the same time points served as a negative control. Histomorphometric analysis of wounds harvested at day 28 revealed a modest, though statistically significant reduction (20%, p=0.027) in the scar elevation index (SEI) in two-day treated and a more modest reduction in SEI (12%) in the three-day treated arm compared to null-treated controls. Confocal microscopy confirmed stable, yet variable transfection of the construct in both peri-wound tissue as well as rabbit dermal fibroblasts transfected in vitro. Optimisation of this novel application in retroviral gene therapy could lead to effective anti-scarring strategies.
Effects of pH and molecular charge on dipolar coupling interactions of solutes in skeletal muscle observed by DQF, 1H NMR spectroscopy.

Abstract In this study we tested the effect of molecular charge and chirality as well as tissue pH on dipolar coupling interaction in skeletal muscle. These results were demonstrated by double quantum filtered, DQF, 1 H NMR spectra acquired on permeable skeletal muscle samples dialyzed against buffered solutions containing three classes of solutes—electrolytes (lactate and Tris), zwitterions (alanine and glycine), and non-electrolytes (dioxane and ethanol)—as a function of pH ranging from 5.0 to 8.5. The results show that charge density on the protein filaments strongly influences dipolar coupling of solutes in muscle whereas charge on the solutes themselves has only a small effect. The frequency splitting of the dipolar coupled peaks for all the molecules tested was strongly affected by muscle pH. Higher pH increased negative charge density on the filaments and resulted in weaker dipolar coupling for anions and zwitterions but stronger coupling for the cation TRIS. Molecular charge per se or chirality did not affect the frequency splitting of the dipolar coupled peaks. The molecules, lactate, ethanol, and alanine, have scalar coupled spins and consequently a double quantum signal in solution. However, spectra acquired from these molecules in muscle showed an additional frequency splitting due to additional dipolar coupling interactions. Due to lack of scalar coupling, spectra from Tris, glycine, and dioxane showed no double quantum signal in solution but did when in muscle. All these observations can be explained by the fact that the net charge on protein filaments dominates the mechanism of dipolar coupling interactions in the highly anisotropic structures in muscle.
An improved toluene-base scintillator for estimating radioactivity in aqueous samples

Abstract The counting efficiency of liquid scintillators containing toluene as the solvent for a primary solute or activator and for a secondary solute or spectrum shifter is improved, particularly in the presence of water, for example, when the isotope to be detected is in aqueous solution, by adding to the liquid scintillator a hygroscopic substance which is soluble in toluene in an amount sufficient to absorb the water that is present. Such hygroscopic additive is preferably cellulosic and may be selected from the group consisting of cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose phosphate, diethylaminoethylcellulose, benzyldiethylaminoethylcellulose, and epichlorohydrintriethanolaminecellulose.
C14LABELED BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDE AND ADRENAL CORTICAL FUNCTION IN THE GUINEA PIG1,2

The 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in plasma and bile and the ascorbic acid content of the adrenal have been studied following the administration of bacterial polysaccharide to the guinea pig. A single intravenous injection of the polysaccharide complex from K. pneumoniae evokes an elevation in the free 17-OHCS of plasma and bile which lasts 6 to 12 hours. The 17-OHCS response varies directly with the quantity of polysaccharide. The ascorbic acid content of the adrenal is decreased for a longer period of time. After several daily injections of polysaccharide the adrenal ascorbic acid does not return to control range for several days. The increased adrenal 17-hydroxysteroidogenesis following the injection of a large amount of polysaccharide declines while there is abundant polysaccharide in the plasma and while the adrenal is capable of responding to ACTH. The presence of bacterial polysaccharide in plasma when the plasma 17- OHCS have returned to normal range is discussed in relation to the pathologic effects ...
Frictional effects on the volumetric strain of sandstone

Abstract The contributions of frictional slip on the nonlinear, hysteretic deformation of sandstone in the reversible regime (i.e., prior to the onset of permanent deformation) for uniaxial strain compression are investigated through an analysis of a Hertz–Mindlin face-centered cubic sphere pack model and laboratory stress–strain tests on Berea sandstone. The analysis demonstrates that the dynamic 1 moduli are path-independent functions of the strain. The analysis also reveals that for uniaxial strain consolidation it is possible to decompose the volumetric strain into a path-independent contribution from nonlinear grain contact deformation and a path-dependent contribution from frictional (slip) compaction. Laboratory stress–strain measurements on Berea sandstone support these findings and, in addition, reveal that frictional compaction accounts for a significant portion of the volumetric strain of Berea sandstone.
Expression and characterization of a thermostable serine protease (TfpA) from Thermomonospora fusca YX in Pichia pastoris.

A serine protease produced by Thermomonospora fusca YX (TfpA) is heat-stable (up to 85°C) and has a broad pH activity range and strong resistance to detergents. The objective of this study was to determine if the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris could express TfpA extracellularly. A 1.0-kb DNA fragment (tfpA) encoding the pro-peptide and mature protein of TfpA was cloned into expression vectors pPICZαA (inducible) and pGAPZαA (constitutive) and introduced into P. pastoris by electroporation. Expression of r-TfpA was greater in the inducible system than in the constitutive one, producing 135 U ml−1 medium supernatant 6 days after methanol induction. The r-TfpA was not glycosylated (21.7 kDa), and had pH and temperature optima of 8.5 and 80°C, respectively, using azocasein as a substrate. In conclusion, P. pastoris can be used as a host to produce extracellular r-TfpA, and expression efficiency may be improved by optimizing fermentation conditions and modifying factors related to protein expression and stability.
Rated preference for musical compositions as it relates to complexity and exposure frequency

Subjects heard four piano compositions that were constructed to represent differing degrees of complexity, as defined by their chordal and rhythmic properties and corroborated by subjects’ complexity ratings. In line with the predictions of an optimal complexity model of musical preference, judged liking for the compositions was a unimodal function of their complexity. After each composition was rated for liking, one of the four compositions was presented and rated an additional 16 times. Also congruent with an optimal complexity model was the finding that the affective consequences of repeated exposure varied depending upon whether the repeatedly exposed composition was more or less complex than the subject’s preferred complexity level. The latter finding suggests that repeated exposure effects are a function of both situational and individual factors.
How Educators find education resources on the Internet: A discussion of independent search behaviors by graduate education students

Abstract The potential of the Internet for research-based teaching is producing an explosion of interest among educators. Network novices are challenged by finding relevant, curriculum-appropriate resources in a virtual ocean of available information. Given a choice, how do educators actually make sense of the informational chaos, particularly on the World Wide Web? An introductory graduate course, Exploring the Internet for Educators, included the semester-long development of an electronic journal of student-discovered Internet resources for education, posting the results to a dedicated e-mail listserv. Students were asked to indicate how they found each discovered resource. More than 200 references to Internet sites were contributed. This article presents an analysis of these data, providing a profile of how experienced educators, working within an academic course framework, found the resources that they recommended for subsequent peer use. Background information on course design is presented, as are the implications for future inquiry and action.
Ransoming the state: elite origins of Subaltern terror in Sierra Leone

Elite practices that valorised pillage, massified society, banalised violence and ‘sobelised’ the army are central to understanding the tragedy of subaltern terror in Sierra Leone. The appropriation of lumpen violence and thuggery by the political class undermined security and paved the way for the political ascendancy of armed marginals. By heavily recruiting thugs, criminals and rural drifters into national security apparatuses, incumbent political elites sowed the seeds of their own political demise as well as that of the state. Socially uprooted and politically alienated, lumpenised youth are inherently prone to criminal adventurism and when enlisted in the army are more likely to become ‘sobels’ or renegade soldiers. This article situates the transformation of praetorian violence from a tool of political domination to a means of criminal expropriation in the engendering context of elite parasitism and repression.
Divergence in the ovipositional behavior of the Papilio glaucus group

This study contrasts the ovipositional profiles of four members of the Papilio glaucus group, P. glaucus, P. multicaudatus, P. canadensis, and P. rutulus. We used seven choice oviposition bioassays containing leaves from hosts in seven plant families utilized by members of the P. glaucus group. Specifically, we contrast the overall ovipositional profiles of these species and their acceptance of a host in a novel plant family (Populus tremuloides: Salicaceae) and a host in a putatively ancestral host plant family (Liriodendron tulipifera: Magnoliaceae). Significant differences were observed between the ovipositional profiles of P. glaucus and P. multicaudatus relative to each other and to P. canadensis and P. rutulus. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the ovipositional profiles of P. canadensis and P. rutulus, which were also the only species that accepted P. tremuloides. Unlike the acceptance of P. tremuloides, the acceptance of L. tulipifera was present throughout the group despite the inability of the larvae of most species in the group to utilize this host. These results support the prediction of the “hierarchical threshold model” that ancestral host plants are likely to be retained in the ovipositional hierarchy while novel hosts should only be accepted by derived populations.
A spectral-Tchebychev technique for solving linear and nonlinear beam equations

Abstract This paper presents a spectral-Tchebychev technique for solving linear and nonlinear beam problems. The technique uses Tchebychev polynomials as spatial basis functions, and applies Galerkin's method to obtain the spatially discretized equations of motion. Unlike alternative techniques that require different admissible functions for each different set of boundary conditions, the spectral-Tchebychev technique incorporates the boundary conditions into the derivation, and thereby enables the utilization of the solution for any linear boundary conditions without re-derivation. Furthermore, the proposed technique produces symmetric system matrices for self-adjoint problems. In this work, the spectral-Tchebychev solutions for Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams are derived. The convergence and accuracy characteristics of the spectral-Tchebychev technique is studied by solving eigenvalue problems with different boundary conditions. It is found that the convergence is exponential, and a small number of polynomials is sufficient to obtain machine-precision accuracy. The application of the technique is demonstrated by solving: (1) eigenvalue problems for tapered Timoshenko beams with different boundary conditions, taper ratios, and beam lengths; (2) an Euler–Bernoulli beam problem with spatially and temporally varying forcing, elastic boundary, and damping; (3) large-deflection (nonlinear) Euler–Bernoulli beam problems with different boundary conditions; and (4) a micro-beam problem with nonlinear electrostatic excitation. The results obtained from the spectral-Tchebychev solutions are seen to be in excellent agreement with those presented in the literature.
The spectrum of strings on warped AdS3 × S3

String theory on NS-NS AdS3 × S3 admits an exactly marginal deformation which breaks the $ {{\overline{{SL\left( {2,\mathbb{R}} \right)}}}_R} $ × SL(2, $ \mathbb{R} $ ) L isometry of AdS3 down to $ {{\overline{{\mathrm{SL}\left( {2,\mathbb{R}} \right)}}}_R} $ × U(1) L . The holographic dual is an exotic and only partially understood type of two-dimensional CFT with a reduced unbroken global conformal symmetry group. In this paper we study the deformed theory on the string worldsheet. It is found to be related by a spectral flow which is nonlocal in spacetime to the undeformed worldsheet theory. An exact formula for the spectrum of massive strings is presented.
Sharp Berezin Lipschitz estimates

F.A. Berezin introduced a general "symbol calculus" for linear operators on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. For the Segal-Bargmann space H 2 (C n , dμ) of Gaussian square-integrable entire functions on complex n-space, C", or for the Bergman spaces A 2 (Ω) of Euclidean volume square-integrable holomorphic functions on bounded domains Ω in C", we show here that earlier Lipschitz estimates for Berezin symbols of arbitrary bounded operators are sharp.
High renin hypertension associated with renal cortical cyst

A fifty-seven-year-old patient with a five to one elevation of right renal vein plasma renin activity associated with a large, simple cortical cyst of the right lower pole is presented. Marsupialization of the cyst was associated with improvement in the patient's hypertension and the finding of bilaterally equal renal vein renin activity three months postoperatively. Possible mechanisms for hypertension are discussed in context of the experimental models of Goldblatt and Page in such lesions as cortical cysts of large size causing hydronephrosis, vascular stretching, or renal parenchymal compression.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Frequent Dieting and Weight Concerns Among U.S. Air Force Personnel

Abstract Previous research has indicated that U.S. Air Force (USAF) personnel, particularly those who do not meet military weight standards, are at increased risk to engage in bulimic weight loss behaviors.
Compartmentalization of Receptors and Enzymes Affects Activation for a Collision Coupling Mechanism

Abstract Enzyme (e.g. G-protein) activation occurring via collisions between receptor-ligand complexes and enzymes in the plasma membrane is thought to be an early event in signal transduction leading to a cellular response. Evidence is accumulating that suggests the species involved may not be distributed homogeneously throughout the plasma membrane. Rather, they may be organized into reaction compartments or domains. We investigate the expected effects of these domains on reaction kinetics and enzyme activation for activation by a collision coupling mechanism. Monte Carlo techniques are used to simulate the reaction and diffusion of molecules in the plasma membrane. The reaction kinetics and levels of activated enzymes at steady state are characterized in terms of the physical properties of the tissue (e.g. receptor density, domain diameter) and ligand (e.g. binding kinetics). The reaction rate constant does not simply scale with the fractional coverage of the domains. Two additional properties which affect the reaction rate constant are (1) the mean square displacement of a receptor-ligand complex relative to the size of the domain and (2) the distribution of receptors and enzymes into the domains.
Turbulent two phase flow; a novel method for cleaning and high grade disinfection of flexible endoscopies and internal channels

Turbulent two phase flow; a novel method for cleaning and high grade disinfection of flexible endoscopies and internal channels
Convex relative entropy decay in Markov chains

We look at irreducible continuous time Markov chains with a finite or countably infinite number of states, and a unique stationary distribution π. If the Markov chain has distribution μ t at time t, its relative entropy to stationarity is denoted by h(μ t |π). This is a monotonically decreasing function of time, and decays to 0 at an exponential rate in most natural examples of Markov chains arising in applications. In this paper, we focus on the second derivative properties of h(μ t |π). In particular we examine when relative entropy to stationarity exhibits convex decay, independent of the starting distribution. It has been shown that convexity of h(μ t |π) in a Markov chain can lead to sharper bounds on the rate of relative entropy decay, and thus on the mixing time of the Markov chain. We study certain finite state Markov chains as well as countable state Markov chains arising from stable Jackson queueing networks.
Performance Analysis of Support Vector Machine and Neural Networks in Detection of Myocardial Infarction

Abstract One of the most common form of cardiac abnormality is Myocardial Infarction (heart attack) arises when the artery connecting the heart is blocked and there is no sufficient blood or oxygen, which makes the cells present in that region of the heart to die. This paper aims to process and classify an ECG signal as healthy subject or subject diagnosed with Myocardial Infarction (MI) using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and SVM (Support Vector Machine). LIBSVM 1 is utilized for the classification with SVM and backpropogation artificial neural networks with varying hidden layers and nodes are also implemented for performance analysis.
Deposition in Anoxic Taconic Foreland Basin, Late Middle Ordovician, New York: ABSTRACT

The Taconic foreland basin resulted from a collision between the North American craton and the Ammonoosuc arc. The basin is positioned between a broad carbonate shelf on the west and the clastic arc terrane. In the downslope direction, basin deposits changed from distal shelf carbonates (Trenton Limestone), to coeval interbedded hemipelagic black shales and calcilutites on the slope (Dolgeville Formation and Utica Shale), to End_Page 1919------------------------------ silty shales, siltstones, and sandstones laid down by turbidites on the basin floor (Snake Hill Shale). Transport direction was to the east on the slope, and axial (north-northeast-south-southwest) on the basin floor. Clay particles were derived from the volcanic source terrane. The facies gradually shifted west laterally; the length of time span investigated is about 6 m.y. From the distribution of organic carbon and the concentration of benthic epifauna and infauna, it can be inferred that conditions were aerobic on the shelf (> 1 ml/L O2), anaerobic on the slope (< 0.4 ml/L O2), and dysaerobic on the basin floor (< 1 ml/L O2). Through time, four long-term anaerobic and dysaerobic cycles are revealed, lasting between 500,000 and 1,000,000 yr. Anaerobic cycles are characterized by over 50% higher organic carbon values, lack of infaunal burrowing traces, and a highly impoverished benthic epifauna. Dysaerobic cycles are marked by lower organic carbon contents, sporadic burrowing traces, and a slightly more diverse and abundant benthic epifauna. This cyclicity was most likely caused by changes in the density stratif cation within the water column, possibly related to climatic changes. The longest anaerobic cycle occurred during the transgressive phase that led to widespread deposition of black shale over the carbonate platform. Anoxic conditions in the Taconic foreland basin may have been influenced by the prevailing global oceanographic conditions during the Middle Ordovician. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1920------------
The Urban Whale: North Atlantic Right Whales at the Crossroads, by S. D. Kraus and R. M. Rolland (eds.)

S. D. Kraus. R. M. Rolland (eds.). 2007. The Urban Whale: North Atlantic Right Whales at the Crossroads. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 543 pp. ISBN 13: 978-0-674-02327-7, price (hardbound), $55. The North Atlantic right whale ( Eubalaena glacialis ) is the most endangered of North America's marine mammals. This book is a comprehensive, attractive, and readable account of the current state of knowledge about the species, particularly aspects of its biology pertinent to conservation and recovery. Books that are single-species case histories are out of vogue for some publishers and academics, and edited volumes with chapters by multiple contributors can be uneven, dry, and difficult to read. In contrast, this book is exciting on multiple levels, ranging from changes in the North Atlantic marine ecosystem to the lives of individual whales under scrutiny at population and molecular scales. The chapters are tied together skillfully. The tale that unfolds is rich in history, disturbing in its implications, and inspiring in showing what a dedicated group of researchers can accomplish in the face of major logistic difficulties. This book has 17 chapters by 35 authors. Each chapter opens with a vignette based mostly on field notes and journal entries. These vignettes bring each topic alive, helping to place the reader into the worlds of right whale researchers and of the beast itself. Chapters are well illustrated with …
Present status of tendon transplantation of the ocular muscles

Abstract 1. 1. The author has included, under tendon transplantation: (a) the simple forms of recessions and advancements which, as a rule, are practiced in concomitant squint; (b) the more complicated tendon recessions and advancements which are required in paralytic squint; and (c) transplantations which are indicated in special instances, in which a transplanted tendon creates an entirely new function for one or more of the ocular muscles. 2. 2. In any form of tendon transplantation (a) refinement of technique, (b) the avoidance of unnecessary tissue trauma, and (c) precision in every detail, are factors which will insure good results, a minimum amount of cicatricial tissue formation, and an excellent cosmetic appearance of the local wound area. 3. 3. In convergent concomitant squint, the choice of operation should be based on the degree of deviation of the visual axes, and on the dominance or overaction of internal rotators or underaction of external rotators. In divergent squint the choice is determined in a similar way. 4. 4. Paralytic squint calls for careful analysis of the diplopia field, the limitation of movement and the special needs of each form of ocular muscle palsy. The end results, in paralysis of the vertical recti and obliques, justify the methods set forth in the text. 5. 5. Correction of external rectus paralysis, by the O'Connor or similar technique, is the only type of operation which will restore wholly, or in part, external rotation. In moderate paresis of this muscle, a full advancement of the external rectus and a moderate recession of the internal rectus may be adequate to give the patient a reasonable degree of binocular functional activity. 6. 6. The creation of a new muscle function by radical tendon transplantation, as for example, changing the action of depression of a superior oblique to that of internal rotation of the eyeball, is possible. The faculty of binocular rotation to right and left, in the horizontal plane, will depend only on the careful adjustment of the superior oblique as an internal rotator, and corresponding readjustment of the external rectus.
Outcome of patients with new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation compared with those without diabetes mellitus

In liver transplant recipients, new onset of diabetes mellitus (posttransplant diabetes mellitus or PTDM) is estimated to occur in 9% to 21% of recipients. The limited published data on survival and posttransplant complications in liver transplant recipients who develop PTDM show conflicting results. The objective of our study was to compare the morbidity and mortality of 46 patients who developed PTDM with 92 age- and sex-matched patients without pretransplant or posttransplant diabetes mellitus (DM). The demographics of both groups were similar except that there were more blacks with PTDM. The incidence of following complications was higher in the PTDM group compared with the control group: cardiac (48% v 24%; P = .005), major infections (41% v 25%; P = .07), minor infections (28% v 5%; P = .001), neurologic (22% v 9%; P = .05), and neuropsychiatric (22% v 6%; P = .009). Acute rejection was seen more commonly in the PTDM group (50% v 30%; P = .03). The duration of hospital stay, cost of hospitalization, retransplantation rate, and graft survival were similar in both groups. Patient survival also was similar in the PTDM and control groups at 1 year (93.5% v 83.5%), two years (88.1% v 77.9%), and 5 years (75% v 77.2%); Kaplan-Meier survival analysis also did not show survival difference. In conclusion, PTDM was associated with significant morbidity, and our findings suggest that patients with PTDM should be monitored very closely to improve long-term outcome.
When is a science analogy like a social studies analogy? A comparison of text analogies across two disciplines.

This textbook survey analyzes the construction and use of analogies in social science texts and compares the results to an earlier analysis of physical science texts. Although the results indicate that the categories in the Curtis and Reigeluth classification system for analogy construction were consistent across disciplines, several differences were revealed related to how and when the analogy is used as an instructional design strategy.
Structural explanation in sociology: The egalitarian imperative

The concept of opportunity is widely used in sociology to explain unequal attainments. In this approach the actor is seen as controlled by structures of opportunity, rather than by culture or personality. This model is nearly identical withhomo economicus. However, social order is conceived more sociologically. Opportunity is portrayed as controlled by competing groups. But the problem of collective action makes these concepts incompatible because rational maximizers are not ordinarily able to achieve cooperation. This contradiction is resolved by modelingthe dominated as economically rational whilethe dominant are seen as driven by extra-economic motives. The main motive for adopting these contradictory models is a program of egalitarian social engineering.
Cultural stressors and the hopelessness model of depressive symptoms in Latino adolescents.

Depressive symptoms in Latino youth have been related to both culturally-universal and culturally-based stressors. However, few studies have examined the unique contributions of culturally-based stressors above and beyond other types of stressors. Moreover, no past studies with Latinos have examined the role of culturally-based stressors within a hopelessness model of depressive symptoms, a cognitive model with the strongest empirical support in adolescence. The current study examined these issues in a sample of 171 Latino adolescents (7th–10th grades; mean age = 14; 46 % male). The Latino adolescents were primarily Mexican–American (78 %) and born in the United States (60 %). Students completed measures during a school period on their experiences of parent–child conflict, economic stress, discrimination from peers, and acculturative stress as well as depressive symptoms and attributional style. The results indicated that culturally-based stressors (e.g., acculturative stress and discrimination) predicted greater depressive symptoms even when controlling for culturally-universal stressors (e.g., parent–child conflict, economic stress). Moreover, a negative attributional style moderated the relationship between culturally-universal stressors and depressive symptoms, but this was not the case for culturally-based stressors. Culturally-based stressors play an important role in depressive symptoms among Latino youth. These stressors predicted greater symptomatology even when controlling for other types of stressors and a negative attributional style. These findings suggest that there may be other cognitive risk factors associated with culturally-based stressors.