cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Hands-on Experience in Undergraduate Nanotechnology Education

Nanotechnology, a field interested in materials with features smaller than 100 nanometers and possessing novel properties, is a field that is unquestionably in a period of rapid growth. As the limits of existing technologies are pressed, the need arises for faster, better, and stronger materials and devices. Manipulation of matter on the nanoscale is quickly becoming the next frontier of materials and technology. Due to the scale of the phenomena and the exploratory nature of nanoscience and nanotechnology, a high degree of knowledge in many diverse fields is required. This requires a centralized presentation to students in order to best teach them the required knowledge. In the past, knowledge has mostly been transferred hand-to-hand on an active level. However, in modern education, the classroom and lectures take a more active role. With this rise, the position and focus of hands-on work has diminished [1], while at the same time undergraduates remain isolated from research being conducted at universities [2]. With the broad nature of nanoscience and nanotechnology, it is becoming more important to maximize students’ learning ability in order to train future researchers and workforce. This paper explores the impact of a hands-on research experience in undergraduate nanotechnology education. This experience is presented to show the importance of student involvement on hands-on projects for their learning process.
Fatigue Crack Growth in Aluminum Lithium Riveted Lap Joints

Abstract Fatigue crack initiation sites and the subsequent fatigue crack growth rate in riveted lap joints made of 2198-T8 Al-Li alloy were investigated through fractographic examinations. Two crack initiation sites were identified: 1) near the rivet holes and 2) at multiple sites along the faying surface. Fatigue crack tunneling was developed during the fatigue crack progression in all specimens, yielding final ductile fracture during the catastrophic fracture of the specimens. The fracture surface morphology exhibited shallow fatigue striations. The second phase constituents did not affect the fracture surface morphology. Multiple micro cracks and long interlaminar cracks occurred. Stereo (3-D) fracture surface morphologies indicate a meandering fracture surface, with local fatigue crack progressing along multiple directions and at different rates. Average crack growth rate (da/dN) along the width, thickness of the specimens and the feather lines were recorded, showing the effect of grain direction, alloying, and stress level on the fatigue crack growth behavior. The number of cycles to failure was also affected by the grain direction.
Description Of A Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) System

Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) is the implementation of classical geometric tomography on a digital radiography system. A set of original images is collected during a single tomographic sweep. These images are spatially shifted, corrected for distortion if necessary, and added together to synthesize a single cut in any desired plane. Any number of additional cuts can be synthesized from the same set of original images by altering the amounts of shift and correction. A practical system for performing DTS is described. Engineering limits and the results of human and animal studies are presented. Our work in DTS was prompted by earlier efforts of Bally and co-workers on an analog system, and evolved through an early digital prototype reported elsewhere. The present system, based on commercially available digital fluoroscopy equipment, is more flexible. Data collection time can be short (down to 1/2 second) to permit angiotomography, which may be the most important application for the method. Mask subtraction and spatial filtering to remove out of focus information are options. The synthesis programs produce a new cut plane every few seconds. Contiguous stored planes can be rapidly replayed. Contrast sensitivity in the DTS mask subtraction option is close to simple digital fluoroscopy subtraction, but spatial resolution is somewhat worse. A linear tomographic motion and 512 by 512 pixel image are presently used. Extensions to other motions and larger matrix sizes are under development.
MAC-Free Reading of a Network of Correlated Sensors

For dense wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the sensed information is typically spatially correlated, suggesting the use of cooperative transmission for energy efficiency. We propose a scheme where a large number of sensors cooperatively transmit to an airborne fusion center (node), such that the fusion is done automatically in the physical layer. The proposed scheme eliminates control signaling for medium access control (MAC) and still performs well in terms of inverse normalized mean squared error (INMSE) of the estimated parameter function. The INMSE was evaluated via simulation as a function of various design parameters, including the average number of sensors per beam, degree of spatial correlation and the variance of the field values within the beam.
Deconstructing the 2004 Presidential Election Forecasts: The Fiscal Model and the Campbell Collection Compared

I this paper we compare the August 1st forecast of the 2004 presidential election generated with the fiscal model with those made with the seven models of what we call the “Campbell Collection,” after James E. Campbell, the editor or co-editor of several forecasting symposia that have appeared in the American Politics Quarterly (October, 1996) and in successive issues of PS: Political Science and Politics (October, 2004 and January, 2005). For reasons that will become evident, Ray Fair’s “presidential vote equation” (Fair 2002a, 2002b) is also included in the comparison. First, given space constraints, we present only a brief summary of the theoretical model. (For a more extended discussion, interested readers are encouraged to pursue the relevant references.) Then, as we did pursuant to issuing a forecast for the 2004 election, we estimate the model over the 22 elections held between 1916 and 2000, showing the out-of-sample results. Finally, we evaluate the model relative to the Campbell Collection on operational and substantive criteria.
Psychiatric Assessment of Leg Fracture Patients: A Pilot Study

Of 200 consecutively admitted leg fracture patients, 101 consented to be screened for psychopathology using the BSI and SMAST questionnaires. Probable cases of psychopathology were referred for diagnostic psychiatric evaluation. Of the participants, 80.2 percent were identified as possible psychiatric cases. Diagnostic evaluation revealed high prevalence of substance abuse (66.0%), depression (46.8%), and personality pathology (38.3%). Accident victims tended to be single young males. Accidents occurred mostly during leisure hours, and were often associated with alcohol use. Psychiatric assistance appears essential in the management of such patients. Psychiatrists need to be especially knowledgeable about chemical dependency, interpersonal issues and psychotherapy.
Stochastic computing elements and systems

To date essentially only two fundamentally different representations of numbers have been used in electronic computers: One is the analog representation by a voltage or current inside a given range, the other one, the digital representation which maps a sequence of 0's and 1's onto a spatial or temporal sequence of voltage or current pulses. Of late, interest has arisen in the use of random pulse sequences as information carriers. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6). It turns out that the use of random pulse sequences leads to the use of digital ANDs or ORs for the fundamental operations of multiplication and summation and therefore to a very considerable reduction in cost of the computational equipment. It is the purpose of this paper to present the theory of these random pulse sequences as well as their practical circuit implementations, and to give some systems design examples. In the final section some non-Von Neumann organizations will be discussed which are made possible by the use of stochastic computing elements.
DEMAND SUBSTITUTION BETWEEN NATURAL, FLAVORED, AND SYNTHETIC CITRUS JUICES

Formulation of marketing policies often is based regression results from their models show that on the knowledge of various demand elasticities for numerous significant cross-price coefficients have a the commodities under consideration. One important negative sign, implying a complementary relationship aspect of demand analysis is to inquire qualitatively between orange juice products. The inference about or quantitatively into the extent of demand demand substitution based on their regression substitution between commodities. The Florida citrus equations is, therefore, unconvincing. The present growers and processors have been much concerned model has imposed a constraint on the cross-price about the impact of flavored and synthetic citrus coefficients such that a complementary relation is not product substitutes for which the market, in terms of permitted. Furthermore, the present model includes absolute sales, has doubled in less than one decade both processed orange and grapefruit products, and (Table 1). thus, the scope of possible substitution among citrus
Giant somatosensory evoked potentials in a patient with the anterior spinal artery syndrome

We studied a previously healthy 25-year-old woman with the anterior spinal artery syndrome, a rare thoracocervical myelopathy with multiple potential etiologies. Quantitative and clinical sensory examination showed dissociated loss of pin-prick and temperature discrimination below the level of the lesion, with normal light touch, vibratory, and position sense. Magnetic resonance imaging was consistent with cervical spinal cord infarction. Median SEPs showed normal Erb's potential with absent spinal N—13 and normal scalp N—20 latency. Tibial SEPs showed normal lumbosacral responses and normal scalp P—30 latency. Both median and tibial nerve stimulation produced cortical responses of unusually large amplitude (median 38 mV, tibial 17 mV). We hypothesize that large SEP amplitudes in this patient resulted from loss of anterolateral inhibitory influences on the dorsal column–medial lemniscal system. © 1993 John Wiley & Soncs, Inc.
Making Conditional Cash Transfer Programs More Efficient

Conditional cash transfer programs are now used extensively to encourage poor parents to increase investments in their children’s human capital. These programs can be large and expensive, motivating a quest for greater efficiency through increased impact of the programs’ imposed conditions on human capital formation. This requires designing the programs’ targeting and calibration rules specifically to achieve this result. Using data from the Progresa randomized experiment in Mexico, this article shows that large efficiency gains can be achieved by taking into account how much the probability of a child’s enrollment is affected by a conditional transfer. Rules for targeting and calibration can be made easy to implement by selecting indicators that are simple, observable, and verifiable and that cannot be manipulated by beneficiaries. The Mexico case shows that these efficiency gains can be achieved without increasing inequality among poor households.
A new steerable Yagi antenna array for indoor applications

A new antenna with capabilities of beam steering for indoor communications is proposed. This design is based on the principle of a microstrip Yagi array. Front-to-back (F/B) ratios between 8-12 dB can be achieved which is crucial for rejecting signals in unintended directions. The structure is designed on a simple two-metal, single-dielectric layer board which is very suitable for industrial use. By using four switching elements, this antenna can cover an azimuth of 360deg.
Double-Power Scaling Functions Near Tricritical Points

There have been extensive experimental measurements1 near tricritical points (TCP) in metamagnets, NH4C1, and 3He-4He mixtures. These measurements indicate that a TCP is a special symmetry point characterized by its own set of critical exponents.
THE WAGE EFFECTS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE WORK ORGANIZATION IN MANUFACTURING

An unresolved question about now-widespread innovative work systems such as teams and quality programs is whether they influence wage determination. This study examines that possible association in...
Sequence of a Euplotes crassus macronuclear DNA molecule encoding a protein with homology to a rat form-I phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C.

A 604-base pair macronuclear DNA molecule from the hypotrichous ciliate Euplotes crassus was cloned and its DNA sequence determined. The DNA sequence contains an open reading frame capable of encoding a protein 141 amino acids in length. The putative protein contains significant sequence similarity to other eukaryotic proteins, including the rat form-I phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C.
Teaching Geographic Field Methods Using Paleoecology.

AbstractField-based undergraduate geography courses provide numerous pedagogical benefits inclu- ding an opportunity for students to acquire employable skills in an applied context. This article presents one unique approach to teaching geographic field methods using paleoecological research. The goals of this course are to teach students key geographic field skills as well as a few more specialized research methods, to give students experience gathering original data, and to train students to write a grant proposal. Specific course activities, including vegetation sampling/mapping, dendrochronology, and lake-sediment coring, are discussed as well as the merits and struggles of designing and teaching a research-based field course.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Usage and Race

This entry highlights the relationship between complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and race/ethnicity. The sociohistorical trajectory of the intersection of CAM use and race/ethnicity engages issues of culture and racism, as well as the important and changing relationship between class and health in an increasingly complex sociological environment. This entry explores the historical disparities in CAM use among African Americans and the shift in the status of CAM from a refuge of the disfranchised to a symbol of privilege in contemporary health. Keywords: African American; alternative medicine; race and ethnicity
Self‐esteem and anomie: An integration of Adler and Merton as a theory of deviance

The purpose of this paper is to show that while anomie theory on the social level offers a valid explanation of deviance, in order to understand the phenomenon in its entirety, we must consider the individual level as well. The psycho‐dynamic dimension of individual action is a crucial component of deviant behavior and one which must be integrated into a broader theory of overall deviance. With this in mind we will attempt to integrate the social and the psychological by incorporating the Adlerian and Mertonian models in order to create a more dynamic theory of deviance.
Irreducible continua and generalization of hereditarily unicoherent continua by means of membranes

In [2] we defined an irreducible B ( J )-cartesian membrane, and used this to obtain a characterization of an n -sphere by generalizing the definition of simple closed curve given by Theorem 1.2 below. There B ( J ) is a class A ( n ) of ( n −1)-spheres, but here it is a class of mutually homeomorphic continua. In Theorem 1.1 we give a definition of hereditarily unicoherent continua and generalize this in Section 3 by means of B ( J )-cartesian membranes. To do this we paraphrase by a translation some of Wilder's work in [7]. In his Unified Topology [8: p. 674] he gives a principle: “The connectedness of a domain is a special case of the bounding properties of its i -cycles”. We substitute the element J of B ( J ) for the i -cycle and for “bound” we substitute that “J membrane-bases an irreducible B ( J )-cartesian membrane. The very nature of an i -cycle seems to limit the complexity of the point set studied, although the restriction to “nice” manifolds is due partly to the difficulty of the subject matter treated. There are similar difficulties here, but also advantages, in the very general set-theoretic approach by means of B ( J )-membranes.
Temporal Issues in Cyber-Physical Systems

This paper reviews the use of time, clocks, and clock synchronization protocols in cyber-physical systems (CPS). Recent advances in the area of timing suggest avenues of research and potential new application areas. We discuss how introducing timestamps and clocks can help overcome issues such as latency, jitter, and determining correct execution order. Furthermore, we show how system complexity can be reduced and distribution as well as parallelism can be done deterministically. We also point to recent work in raising time to first class citizen status in modeling and implementation. In particular, we describe design and execution environments of CPS and specialized hardware such as predictable timing architectures where time plays a key role.
Regional aridity in North America during the middle Holocene

Increased aridity throughout the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain region during the middle Holo cene has been documented from pollen records, aeolian proxy variables in lake cores, and active sand dune migration. Varve calibration provided by a continuously varved record of the Holocene from a core from Elk Lake, northwestern Minnesota, shows that the influx of aeolian clastic material increased beginning about 8 ka and ended about 3.8 ka, with peak aeolian activity at about 6 ka. If aeolian influx to Elk Lake corresponds in time to aeolian influx in other lakes and to maximum dune activity in Minnesota dune fields, then the varve calibration in Elk Lake provides precise time calibration of periods of peak aeolian activity in Minnesota. Palaeowind studies from the Minnesota dune fields show that the dominant wind direction when the dunes were active was from the northwest, the same as the dominant wind direction in dune fields throughout the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains. If the mid-Holocene aeolian act...
AIDS knowledge, concerns, and behavioral changes among inner-city high school students

Knowledge of AIDS, attitudes toward AIDS and condoms, and behavioral changes because of AIDS were studied in 771 students, Grades 9-12 (mean age, 16 years) who completed anonymous questionnaires in gym classes of a New York City high school. Students demonstrated good knowledge of AIDS, with some misconceptions, and significant concerns about AIDS, with some behavioral changes, but most continued to engage in high-risk behaviors. These data indicate that efforts aimed at HIV/AIDS prevention in adolescents must translate knowledge and concerns into behavioral change.
Teaching Fixed-point Algorithm Development in a Systems Context

A course on fixed-point algorithm design using a single sideband (SSB) communication project has been offered three times. The course emphasizes system cost and performance to simulate industry constraints. Students have found the course motivational, and there is a significant need for the topic in industry. Efforts to assess the effect of the course on conceptual understanding are discussed, as is a plan for an associated text.
Introducing software engineering developments to a classical operating systems course

An operating system course draws from a well-defined fundamental theory, but one needs to consider how more recent advances, not necessarily in the theory itself, can be applied to improve the course and the general body of knowledge of the student. The goal of This work is to show how recent software engineering developments can be introduced to such a course to not only satisfy the theory requirements, but also make the theory more understandable. In particular, This work focuses on how students can effectively learn the Unified Modeling Language, the object-oriented methodology, and the Java programming language in the context of an operating systems course. The goal is to form a systematic software engineering process for operating system design and implementation.
Vehicle Routing for Small Package Delivery and Pickup Services

Small package shipping is a vital component of national and international transportation. This chapter gives an overview of such services by discussing the operations of a “typical” service day. We compare and contrast the characteristics of the routing problem encountered in small package shipping with the classical vehicle routing problem. The discussion of these routing issues also leads us to describe several new variants and offshoots of the classical vehicle routing problem that may be of interest to researchers.
DFT-based force field development for noble gas adsorption in metal organic frameworks

Density Functional Theory (DFT) based force fields (FFs) for Ar and Xe adsorption in six metal–organic frameworks were developed using three DFT functionals (PBE-D2, vdW-DF, vdW-DF2) in periodic systems. These force fields include van der Waals (vdW) and polarization terms, and the effect of the latter was shown to be small. Using our DFT-derived and standard (UFF) FFs in grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, adsorption isotherms and heats of adsorption were calculated and compared with experiment. In most of the cases, it was possible to accurately predict adsorption isotherms using one of the DFT-derived FFs. Still, among the DFT functionals investigated, no single DFT functional could accurately describe all of the adsorbate-framework interactions. On average, performance of UFF and PBE-D2 based FFs to predict experimental isotherms were at a similar quality, still, UFF was slightly superior. Although vdW-DF2 based FFs predicted experimental isotherms almost perfectly for ZIF-8 and HKUST-1 up to 20 bar, their average performance was less than that of PBE-D2 based FFs. Nevertheless, the overall performance of UFF, PBE-D2 and vDW-DF2 FFs was similar. Lastly, vdW-DF based FFs always over-predicted experiments.
Newport-Inglewood Zone and Mesozoic Subduction, California

The Newport-Inglewood zone is a 45 mi long narrow belt of en echelon folds and faults which trends southeast through Miocene-Pleistocene sediments of the Los Angeles basin. Below is an inferred right slip fault, presumed to follow a contact separating the oceanic Catalina Schist facies from an eastern continental basement facies of granitic and associated metamorphic rocks. The Newport-Inglewood zone of deformation disappears abruptly on the northwest at the faulted south front of the Santa Monica Mountains, and it apparently ends gradually to the southeast near Newport, California. Displacement on the inferred basement fault, which is responsible for deformation in the overlying strata, mainly reflects Pliocene-Holocene north-south shortening (Pasadenan orogeny). The contact between oceanic and continental basement rocks is inferred to continue offshore, southeast of Newport, under Cenozoic and probably Late Cretaceous strata. These strata apparently are not deformed in a belt of folds and faults, as in the Los Angeles basin. The basement rock contact is inferred to continue to the southeast, passing along the west side of Baja California, for a total distance of more than 800 mi. It is assumed to have developed by a sea-floor contraction mechanism of east-west shortening in Cretaceous time (perhaps a late and western element of the Nevadan orogeny). It is named here the Southern California subduction zone, and it should not be confused with the Newport-Inglewood zone of deformation which developed over its northern segment at a later time and within a different strain system. This basement zone, along with what are called here the Coast Ranges and Great Valley subduction zones, are considered to mark the position of a Mesozoic oceanic trench which originally extended for more than 2,000 mi along the margin of the northeast Pacific Basin.
Spectrum of Wave Forcing Associated with the Annual Cycle of Upwelling at the Tropical Tropopause

Abstract The zonal wavenumber spectrum of atmospheric wave forcing in the lower stratosphere is examined to understand the annual cycle of upwelling at the tropical tropopause. Tropopause upwelling is derived based on the wave forcing computed from ERA-Interim using the momentum and mass conservation equations in the transformed Eulerian-mean framework. The calculated upwelling agrees well with other upwelling estimates and successfully captures the annual cycle, with a maximum during Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter. The spectrum of wave forcing reveals that the zonal wavenumber-3 component drives a large portion of the annual cycle in upwelling. The wave activity flux (Eliassen–Palm flux) shows that the associated waves originate from the NH extratropics and the Southern Hemisphere tropics during December–February, with both regions contributing significant wavenumber-3 fluxes. These wave fluxes are nearly absent during June–August. Wavenumbers 1 and 2 and synoptic-scale waves have a notable contribution...
Parental Alienation, DSM-5, and ICD-11: Response to Critics

There has been considerable interest among forensic practitioners in the proposals that parental alienation be included in the next editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Diseases (DSM) and The International Classification of Diseases (ICD). However, there has also been a great deal of misunderstanding about the proposals, and misinformation has been expressed in professional meetings, on websites, and in journal articles. In this article we address four common misunderstandings regarding parental alienation: that there is a lack of research to support it as a diagnosis; that adopting parental alienation as a diagnosis will lead to serious adverse consequences; that the advocates of parental alienation are driven by self-serving or malevolent motives; and that Richard Gardner should be criticized for self-publishing his description of parental alienation syndrome.
IL-10 and integrin signaling pathways are associated with head and neck cancer progression

Head and neck cancer is morbid with a poor prognosis that has not significantly improved in the past several decades. The purpose of this study was to identify biological pathways underlying progressive head and neck cancer to inform prognostic and adjuvant strategies. We identified 235 head and neck cancer patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with sufficient clinical annotation regarding therapeutic treatment and disease progression to identify progressors and non-progressors. We compared primary tumor gene expression and mutational status between these two groups. 105 genes were differentially expressed between progressors and nonprogressors (FDR < 0.05). Pathway analyses revealed deregulation (FDR < 0.05) of multiple pathways related to integrin signaling as well as IL-10 signaling. A number of genes were uniquely mutated in the progressor cohort including increased frequency of truncating mutations in CTCF (P = 0.007). An 11-gene signature derived from a combination of unique mutations and differential expression was identified (PAGE4, SMTNL1, VTN, CA5A, C1orf43, KRTAP19-1, LEP, HRH4, PAGE5, SEZ6L, CREB3). This signature was associated with decreased overall survival (Logrank Test; P = 0.03443). Cox modeling of both key clinical features and the signature was significant (P = 0.032) with the greatest prognostic improvement seen in the model based on nodal extracapsular spread and alcohol use alone (P = 0.004). Molecular analyses of head and neck cancer tumors that progressed despite treatment, identified IL-10 and integrin pathways to be strongly associated with cancer progression. In addition, we identified an 11-gene signature with implications for patient prognostication. Mutational analysis highlighted a potential role for CTCF, a crucial regulator of long-range chromatin interactions, in head and neck cancer progression.
Career Paths of Recipients of a Master's Degree in Health Communication: Understanding Employment Opportunities, Responsibilities, and Choices

A growing number of institutions offer a master's degree in health communication to prepare individuals for applied work in the field, but there is very little literature on the career paths graduates pursue. The current study reports the results of a national survey that targeted the alumni of five institutions that offer the degree. Of the 522 total graduates to whom the survey was sent, 398 responded (76.2% response rate). Results show that the degree recipients have found employment in a wide variety of organizations across the country, including jobs within very prestigious organizations, such as the National Cancer Institute. Common job titles include manager, coordinator, communication associate/specialist, and program/project director. The most common job responsibilities include research activities, the development of health communication materials, project/program management, communication management, and social media/website management. The results also include stories of graduates across programs that illustrate details of career paths. The discussion of the findings addresses implications for career preparation, curriculum development, and advising.
Outcomes of artificial urinary sphincter placement in octogenarians.

Objective To evaluate the impact of patient age on device outcomes among patients undergoing primary artificial urinary sphincter. Methods A total of 1081 male patients who underwent primary artificial urinary sphincter placement from 1983 to 2011 were analyzed, including 91 men (8%) who were aged >80 years at the time of surgery. Revisions and explanations were compared between men stratified by decade of life. Hazard ratios adjusting for competing risks were used to determine the association with age and artificial urinary sphincter device outcomes (infection/erosion, urethral atrophy and malfunction), while overall device failure was estimated using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis. Results Patients aged >80 years were more likely to have coronary disease (P = 0.009), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.04), hypertension (P = 0.002) and lower body mass index (P 80 years were significantly more likely to experience device erosion or infection compared with a reference of patients aged <60 years (hazard ratio 4.13; P = 0.046), whereas there was no difference in those patients aged 60–70 years or 70–80 years compared with the reference group (P = 0.56 and 0.45). There was no significant difference in overall device survival between the age-stratified groups (P = 0.26). Conclusions Although overall artificial urinary sphincter device survival is similar, patients aged >80 years are more likely to experience erosion or infection compared with younger patients. Despite this, the overall device failure rate is low, and artificial urinary sphincter might be considered for appropriately selected and counseled octogenarians.
Attractiveness and competitiveness of laboratory versus native strain of boll weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

On the basis of a genetic marker (ebony body color), field competitiveness of untreated males of a long-established laboratory strain of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, was determined to be 2.2-fold greater than that of native males for native females. Competitiveness of laboratory-strain males for virgin females of the native strain, as measured by attractiveness in boll weevil traps, was 3.4-fold greater than that of native-strain males. Increased attractiveness may be a by-product of long-term rearing of the boll weevil and may have been responsible for the high level of competitiveness. A high level of competitiveness in untreated laboratory-reared strains of the boll weevil suggest both that treatments presently used to sterilize it sexually are more debilitating than was formerly thought and that if less rigorous methods of sterilization are found, a highly competitive sterile weevil might be produced.
Wisdom Development: A Fear of Foolishness Framework for Leaders

The premise of this paper is that the fear of foolishness is essential to wisdom. Unfortunately, leaders are often conditioned to suppress fear in favor of confidence. However, wise leaders fear fo...
SEX DIFFERENCES IN STYLES OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT

This study compared the conflict-management styles of 63 men and 7 women responsible for resolving employees' grievances. The results tended to challenge the laboratory-experimentation data that wo...
Application of microwave dissolution and ICP/MS on simultaneous determination of 15 rare earth elements in Ginseng

Objective:To establish an ICP/MS method to simultaneous determination of 15 rare earth elements(REEs) in Ginseng.Methods:Ginseng samples were digested with HNO3+H2O2 by microwave oven.15 Rare earth elements as89Y,139La,140Ce,141Pr,146Nd,147Sm,151Eu,157Gd,159Tb,163Dy,165Ho,166Er,169Tm,172Yb and175Lu were determined by ICP/MS.Results: The detection limits of 15 REE were between 0.24 and 2.46 μg/kg and showed good linearity with the correlation coefficients r≥0.9996.The certificated reference materials of bush leaves(GBW07604),wheat powder(GBW 10011) and chicken(GBW 10018)were validated by the method and obtained consistent results between measure values and reference values with good precision.Ginseng samples were detected by this method and produced satisfied results.Conclusion:ICP/MS method was suitable for REEs determination in Ginseng with simple mass spectrogram and satisfied selectivity,sensitivity and accuracy.
Drop call analysis of PS domain cause by apple iPad

At the same time connection WiFi and 3 G,apple iPad 3 G wireless side will appear every 30 seconds of a drop words,the serious influence network KPI PS simulation.one of domain.This paper introduces the problems spent,analyzing process and solution,for the follow-up system and various terminal compatibility research provided valuable experience.
Monopoly and Rigidities in the Economic System

Professor Machlup has dealt with the problem of whether monopoly can increase the stability of the system. This paper will discuss whether monopolies create rigidities in the economic system. Increasing stability means damping and, possibly, ruling out abnormal movements; therefore it is a positive achievement from the point of view of the efficiency of the system. On the other hand, to create rigidities means to hinder the normal development of the system; therefore the degree of rigidity of an economic system has negative implications as regards its efficiency.
Repeated Demographic-Structural Crises Propel the Spread of Large-scale Agrarian States Throughout the Old World

I investigate the geographical consequences of demographic-structural dynamics using a spatially resolved agent-based model of agrarian empires in several Old World regions between 1500 BCE and 1500 CE. I estimate and bound key model parameters from two historical datasets. Although several very large-scale polities (e.g., Roman, Persian, Tang empires) do not arise and certain geographical expansions occur at different times, overall the model suggests that factional civil wars, the result of repeated internal demographic-structural crises, can substantially account for the spread of large-scale agriculture throughout the Old World after the Bronze Age.
Transformation of Local Government in the Digital Age

The major normative issue that arises in much of the discussion of ICTs and democratic theory is the digital divide, how it is shifting, and what governments should do to address the inequalities it generates in the Information Age. While recognizing that the digital divide is inherently undemocratic and that it has important theoretical and empirical consequences at the local level, it is not our primary normative focus in this book. Rather, we want to discuss the theoretical aspects of the relationships between emerging ICTs (particularly the Internet), citizen participation and representation in local democracy. The fundamental question we address is: to what extent might ICTs transform our concept of how local democracy operates? Specifically, how might ICTs impact citizens’ relationships to local governments in modern democracies?
ACTIVATION OF GLYCOLYTIC PATHWAY IN MUSCLE

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the effects of changes in muscle pH on two important control points of glycolysis. When muscle is stimulated repetitively, it becomes briefly acidic and then alkaline-like early in the course of stimulation. This chapter presents an experiment to study the effect of making the muscles less acidic. In the experiment, the isolated frog sartorii was stimulated at 2 s rather than at 6 s. In 5 percent carbon dioxide, the lag period before the appearance of significant amounts of phosphorylase was 20–30 s. In 2 percent carbon dioxide, the lag period was shortened considerably. The chapter describes another experiment that showed the interaction of epinephrine and of varying concentrations of carbon dioxide on a phosphorylase.
Cellular Retention of Liposome-Delivered Anionic Compounds Modulated by a Probenecid-Sensitive Anion Transporter

Purpose. Drug carriers such as liposomes may enhance the intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents for infectious or neoplastic diseases. However, the mechanisms affecting cellular retention of liposome contents are understood poorly. We tested the hypothesis that retention of anionic compounds may be modulated by a nonspecific probenecid-sensitive anion transport mechanism, and that liposome composition may determine the impact of such transporters on drug retention by cells.
Modeling of temperature and field dependent effective hole mobility at high fields in amorphous selenium

An analytical model is presented to show the mechanisms of the electric field and temperature dependent effective drift mobility of holes in amorphous selenium (a-Se) considering the density of states distribution, thermally activated tunneling for the field enhancement release rate, and carrier heating. In addition, the model for the field-dependent microscopic mobility considering carrier heating is also proposed. The results of this model are fitted with the published experimental results on effective mobility with wide variations of applied electric fields and temperatures. The analyses of these fittings revealed that the microscopic mobility in a-Se decreases whereas the effective drift mobility increases with increasing the field and temperature.
Effect of pressure on closure temperature of a trace element in cooling petrological systems

Closure temperature is important to many diffusion-related problems involving cooling. The classic model of Dodson and its modifications for cooling petrological systems are formulated at constant pressure. Many petrologic processes involve changes in both temperature and pressure. The effect of changing pressure on diffusional loss in cooling petrological systems has not been considered in Dodson’s model. During upwelling, the decompression rate is related to the cooling rate through the slope of the upwelling path. Simple analytical expressions for the average or mean closure temperature and closure pressure in cooling-upwelling mono-mineralic and bi-mineralic systems are obtained by noting that both temperature and pressure decrease as a function of time along the upwelling path. These pressure-adjusted equations are nearly identical to closure temperature equations for isobaric cases if one replaces the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for diffusion in the isobaric formulations by the path-dependent activation energy and pre-exponential factor. The latter also depend on the slope of the upwelling path. The competing effects between pressure and temperature on diffusion during upwelling result in reductions in the effective activation enthalpy for diffusion and exchange enthalpy for partitioning, which in turn leads to systematic deviations in closure temperatures from cases of constant pressure. For systems with large activation volume for diffusion, it may be possible to deduce upwelling path and upwelling rate from closure temperatures and closure pressures of selected elements. Examples of closure temperature and closure pressure for REE diffusion in garnet and clinopyroxene and in garnet–clinopyroxene aggregates are presented and discussed in the context of the minor’s rule and the REE-in-garnet–clinopyroxene thermobarometer. Closure temperatures for middle-to-heavy REE in garnet–clinopyroxene aggregates are controlled primarily by diffusion in clinopyroxene unless the modal abundance of garnet is very small or the effective grain size of clinopyroxene is considerably smaller than that of garnet.
N-Doped Zwitterionic Fullerenes as Interlayers in Organic and Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices

The efficient operation of polymer- and perovskite-based photovoltaic devices depends on selective charge extraction layers that are placed between the active layer and electrodes. Herein, we demonstrate that integration of a tetra-n-butyl ammonium iodide-doped zwitterionic fulleropyrrolidine derivative, C60-SB, as a cathode modification interlayer significantly improves the photovoltaic device performance. Compared to the intrinsic (undoped) zwitterionic material, which is an efficient interlayer itself, the doped interlayers further improve average power conversion efficiencies from 8.37% to 9.68% in polymer-based devices and from 12.53% to 15.31% in perovskite-based devices. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that doping increases the interfacial dipole at the C60-SB/Ag interface, i.e., reduces the effective work function of the resultant composite cathode. This effect originates from the population of negative polaron states in C60-SB by extrinsic charges that prevent directional charge t...
Prime Micro Inc

The vice president in SouthBank's Corporate Banking Group was reviewing an opportunity for SouthBank (SB) to bid to become the agent bank in a $120 million revolving credit facility for Prime Micro Inc. (PMI). SB's competition for the agent's position would be Texas Trade Bank (TTB), which had been PMI's lead bank for many years. Despite SB's attempts to displace TTB over the past several years, this was SB's first real opportunity to gain agent status. As agent bank on this deal, SB would likely be viewed by PMI as its lead bank, which, due to PMI's considerable banking needs, would allow SB to realize significant fee income in the future. Although delighted with the prospect of getting PMI as a new client, the vice president was worried about PMI's creditworthiness. Excerpt UVA-F-1661 Dec. 5, 2011 PRIME MICRO INC. A modern day computer without an operating system is basically an expensive paperweight! —Anonymous In March 2004, Yousuf Omar, vice president in SouthBank's Corporate Banking Group, was reviewing an opportunity for SouthBank (SB) to bid to become the agent bank in a $ 120 million revolving credit facility for Prime Micro Inc. (PMI). SB's competition for the agent's position would be Texas Trade Bank (TTB), which had been PMI's lead bank for many years. Despite SB's attempts to displace TTB over the past several years, this was SB's first real opportunity to gain agent status. As agent bank on this deal, SB would likely be viewed by PMI as its lead bank, which, due to PMI's considerable banking needs, would allow SB to realize significant fee income in the future. Omar was delighted with the prospect of getting PMI as a new client, but there were some factors that worried him about PMI's creditworthiness. His first concern was that, although sales had grown at a compound annual rate of 27% over the past four years and had reached a record level of more than $ 500 million in 2003, profits for 2003 had fallen below the 1989 level. In addition, Omar was concerned about PMI's long-term debt to equity ratio, which had grown to 93% at year-end 2003 from 50% in 2001. On the positive side, PMI was well-positioned in the semiconductor industry to supply more powerful microprocessors as operating systems evolved with new features that warranted more processing horsepower. Recent in-house developments in cutting edge x86 processors had positioned PMI for continued growth in both sales and profits in the years ahead. Omar was full of questions. Should he bid on the deal? Would PMI continue to flourish? Could he put together a term sheet for this loan that would give SB the right risk/return tradeoff, or was this a loan that would keep him awake at night after SB won the bid? He knew that his boss wanted the bragging rights for beating TTB in the competition for PMI, so Omar was intent on winning the business provided he didn't ruin his career in the process. . . .
Tuna fin hydraulics inspire aquatic robotics.

The shape-changing fins of fish are of great interest to engineers developing the locomotion and maneuvering capabilities of underwater and aerial systems. On page 310 of this issue, Pavlov et al. ( 1 ) find that the lymphatic circulatory system in tuna and other members of the Scombridae family of fish serves as a hydraulic system that actively changes the sweep angle of their second dorsal (back) and anal (underside) fins. This is an important finding because sweep-angle changes alter fin erectness and thereby affect the lift-force capacity of the fin. Such changes are used consistently during maneuvering and transient motion, especially for sharp turns.
Risk of Thermal Cracking from Use of Lightweight Aggregate in Mass Concrete

This paper describes the results of a numerical investigation of incorporating lightweight aggregate (LWA) in mass concrete structures. Numerical simulation was performed with ConcreteWorks software on three rectangular piers for normal weight concrete, internally cured concrete, sand–lightweight concrete, and all–lightweight concrete. Results show that temperature differences greater than 35°F may not necessarily introduce thermal cracking in mass concrete made with LWA. Maximum core temperatures and temperature differences increased with decreasing concrete density; however, the cracking risk of the mass concrete elements decreased as a greater quantity of LWA was used, regardless of element size. This trend occurred because other properties, such as coefficient of thermal expansion, creep, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and geometrical conditions, influenced the risk of thermal cracking. Additionally, the identification of the cross-section locations involved in measuring the critical tempera...
Constructing Costa Rica’s Inter-American Highway and Building U.S. Empire: Social, Economic, and Political Change at the Local Level, 1941-44

AbstractBefore 1944, countless Costa Rican travelers perished on the narrow rocky trail that traversed the 3,491 meter Cerro de la Muerte. Undaunted, between 1941 and 1944 U.S. engineers and Costa Rican workers built a 49-mile segment of the Inter-American Highway that conquered the Cerro. For many, both in the countryside and in the city, the roadway was a symbol of progress and modernization that inspired an image of the San Jose-centered state as a benevolent patriarch and the United States as a wealthy and generous Good Neighbor. The roadway, however, also had its detractors, namely communist labor organizers, who saw the project as a symbol of U.S. imperial exploitation that threatened Costa Rican sovereignty and harmed workers. The Communist press and labor organizers sought to mobilize highway workers and popular discontent against the roadway, but their efforts were largely ineffective. Indeed, ultimately, roadway workers, their families, and neighbors were grateful for the increased transportatio...
Fault tolerant variants of the fine-grained parallel incomplete LU factorization

This paper presents an investigation into fault tolerance for the fine-grained parallel algorithm for computing an incomplete LU factorization. Results concerning the convergence of the algorithm with respect to the occurrence of faults, and the impact of any sub-optimality in the produced incomplete factors in Krylov subspace solvers are given. Numerical tests show that the simple algorithmic changes suggested here can ensure convergence of the fine-grained parallel incomplete factorization, and improve the performance of the use of the resulting factors as preconditioners in Krylov subspace solvers if faults do occur.