cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Component of Strain MC29 Avian Leukosis Virus with the Property of Defectiveness

Three clones of morphologically altered cells (L − MC29) of singular properties were isolated from MC29 (subgroup A) leukosis virus-infected chick embryo cells. Supernatant fluids from cultures of the cloned cells produced no transforming or interfering activity on chick embryo cells susceptible to known avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses. No virus associated with the cells was demonstrable by fluorescent-antibody staining or by electron microscopy. All L − MC29 clone cells were activated, however, by four strains of Rous-associated viruses (RAV) representative of A, B, C, and D subgroup avian leukosis viruses and by two strains of MC29 virus. Virus L − MC29 cells activated by superinfection with RAV-1 and RAV-2 was characterized by helper-dependent and helper-independent properties. These findings suggest that the strain MC29 leukosis virus, or a component thereof, possesses properties of defectiveness similar to those of the Bryan high-titer Rous sarcoma virus. Images
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Protein Kinase C from the Sea Urchin Lytechinus pictus. (protein kinase C/cDNA cloning/polyclonal antibodies/developmental expression)

Protein kinase C (PKC) has been shown to play a role in events involved in fertilization such as activation of the Na+/H+antiporter and an NADPH dependent oxidase. In addition, it is involved in cell fate programming later in development of the sea urchin embryo. In order to further address the role of PKC in sea urchin development, we have screened a Lytechinus pictus ovary tissue cDNA library and identified one clone for sea urchin protein kinase C (suPKC1). This clone encodes a deduced protein with a molecular mass of 72.4 kDa, which shows strong homology to invertebrate and mammalian protein kinase C (PKC) sequences. PKC has been partially purified from eggs of L. pictus. This kinase activity has been shown to be dependent upon phosphatidylserine, diacylglycerol and Ca2+. In agreement with this biochemical data, suPKC1 has a C2 or Ca2+-binding domain suggesting its activity would be Ca2+-dependent. Polyclonal antibodies raised against peptides of the suPKC1 sequence recognize an antigen of approximately 71 kDa in DE52 fractions that contain PKC activity; this reactivity is not observed in fractions that lack PKC activity. Using a ribonuclease protection assay, we have demonstrated the presence of suPKC1 message throughout developmental stages of the sea urchin embryo.
ASSESSING MULTIDIMENSIONAL WELL‐BEING: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE I COPPE SCALE

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a scale of perceptions of well-being in key areas of life. We developed the I COPPE Scale, which incorporates overall as well as Interpersonal, Community, Occupational, Physical, Psychological, and Economic well-being. A total of 426 U.S. participants provided online responses to the I COPPE Scale and relevant comparison instruments. We used exploratory structural equation modeling to examine the factor structure of responses and document convergent validity by comparing I COPPE Scale scores with comparison instrument scores. We found strong empirical evidence to support the theorized factors. This study fully and reliably assessed the underlying constructs of the I COPPE Scale and provided psychometric evidence of construct validity. The ability of this scale to assess the domains in a single, easy to administer instrument is a potential contribution to the growing body of literature on well-being.
Evolution of a Natural Products and Nutraceuticals Course in the Pharmacy Curriculum

Objective. To develop, implement, and modify a required, second-year pharmacy course that provides an understanding of the scientific, therapeutic, and clinical principles, as well as the evidence-based medicine underlying the use of natural products. Design. A 28-hour, multi-faculty course was developed and offered in 2008. The course was modified over the years to enhance students' practice skills in the use of natural products. A course evaluation and survey were administered to assess the students' opinions. Assessment. Students performed well in the course and provided favorable evaluations, especially for the latest offering. Students reported significantly improved skills in providing advice to patients regarding the use of natural products. Conclusion. The course increased the students' knowledge and application of information and counseling skills regarding natural products.
Vibration modeling of magnetic tape with vibro-impact of tape guide contact

Abstract Next-generation, high track-density linear tape drives will require improved tape guiding and dimensional stability in order to achieve better performance and higher storage capacities. Drive vibrations, tape degradation, debris formation, and tape guiding all contribute to unwanted lateral tape motion (LTM), which can lead to track-misregistration errors during reading of the tape. Understanding the nature of LTM is of prime interest. A nonlinear vibration model of a tape–guide system with vibro-impact is presented in this study. The guides are modeled as rigid constraints, while the reels are modeled as clamped ends. Free vibration (due to initial velocity) and forced vibration (due to moving boundaries) were performed for various test cases to determine the effect of tape tension and thickness, tape–guide separation distance, reel tilt amplitude, and tape speed. The model results are compared to actual experimental LTM data, though with the absence of tape damping and tape–guide frictional forces in the model, only limited comparisons may be made.
Transcriptional control of hepatic lipid metabolism by SREBP and ChREBP

The liver is a central organ that controls systemic energy homeostasis and nutrient metabolism. Dietary carbohydrates and lipids, and fatty acids derived from adipose tissue are delivered to the liver, and utilized for gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and ketogenesis, which are tightly regulated by hormonal and neural signals. Hepatic lipogenesis is activated primarily by insulin that is secreted from the pancreas after a high-carbohydrate meal. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) are major transcriptional regulators that induce key lipogenic enzymes to promote lipogenesis in the liver. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c is activated by insulin through complex signaling cascades that control SREBP-1c at both transcriptional and posttranslational levels. Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein is activated by glucose independently of insulin. Here, the authors attempt to summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanism for the transcriptional regulation of hepatic lipogenesis, focusing on recent studies that explore the signaling pathways controlling SREBPs and ChREBP.
Biogeographical, biochemical and genetic differentiation among North American saccoglossids (Hemichordata; Enteropneusta; Harrimaniidae)

Populations of two common enteropneusts, Saccoglossus bromophenolosus King et al., 1994 and S. kowalevskii (Agassiz 1873) were sampled between 1991 and 1993 from the southern and northern extremes of their respective ranges: Nova Scotia/Maine and Padilla Bay, Washington for S. bromophenolosus and Maine/South Carolina for S. kowalevskii. Though previously considered a single species, the two taxa were clearly distinct biochemically and genetically. Four of five allozyme loci were diagnostic and indicative of differentiation at the species level. Sequence divergence (27%) of a portion of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene suggests that the two taxa have been genetically isolated for a considerable time; hybridization was not evident in sympatric populations. Both taxa contained high concentrations of bromoorganics. The constant association of bromophenols and bromoindoles with S. bromophenolosus and bromopyrroles with S. kowalevskii when they occur sympatrically indicates that bromoorganic contents were genetically and not environmentally determined. Consistent associations between external morphology and bromoorganic contents for additional saccoglossid species support the use of bromoorganics as indices of evolutionary clades in the Enteropneusta.
Dynamic buckling of clamped spherical caps under step pressure loadings.

Matrix displacement method of structural analysis applied to dynamic buckling of clamped shallow spherical caps under step pressure loading
Predisposing and operative factors: Effect on the incidence of localized osteitis in mandibular third-molar surgery

Five hundred and four bilateral mandibular third-molar extraction sites were examined postoperatively for localized osteitis. All sites received a mechanical lavage of either 350 ml, or 175 ml. of sterile normal saline solution. No significant differences were observed relative to the effect of lavage volume on the incidence of iocalized osteitis. A preoperative antimicrobial mouthrinse of chloramine-T (sodium-p-toluene sulfonchloramide) was also used by one half of the patients. Although only slight differences were noted in healing with the different lavage volumes of the chloramine-T, certain predisposing factors contributed significant differences.
Numerical assessment of the dynamic behavior of hybrid shape memory alloy composite

The phase transformation behavior in hybrid shape memory alloy (SMA) composites under moderate compressive dynamic loads is being investigated. A hybrid SMA composite is described as a morphological or compositional arrangement of an SMA, and one or more passive or active materials. In this study, the hybrid SMA composite under consideration is assumed to be obtained by filling the pores of a porous SMA matrix with a polymeric material. Finite element simulations of a split Hopkinson bar test are performed to assess the effective hybrid SMA composite behavior under compressive strain rates of . The actual mesostructure of the material is incorporated in the analyses by synthesizing statistical information from x-ray computed micro-tomography (XCMT) images and utilizing it in probabilistic algorithms to insert representative pores in finite element meshes. A parametric study based on the volume fraction of pores and epoxy material is carried out for hybrid epoxy–SMA composite and plain porous SMA, respectively, and a comparison is performed.
Teaching General Safety and Body Safety Training Skills to a Latino Preschool Male with Autism

This case study describes the implementation of a safety training program with a 5-year-old Latino boy diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The program focused on teaching him general safety rules and body safety in an effort to reduce his likelihood of sexual victimization and injury. The boy was treated in conjunction with another child by two therapists, while his caretakers participated in a caretaker group. Both groups consisted of 10 h of safety education instruction. Results show that the boy was able to learn a few safety concepts as well as increase his knowledge of personal safety. Caregiver data revealed a minor increase in knowledge of general safety and an increase in family communication regarding safety issues. However, upon a 3-month follow-up, the boy appeared to lose some knowledge. Recommendations for implementing the Body Safety Training program with children with disabilities and providing their caretakers with information regarding the risk of child sexual abuse is provided.
Enhanced DNA synthesis of human glial cells exposed to human leukocyte products.

Abstract DNA synthesis was studied in primary glial cell cultures derived from adult human non-neoplastic and neoplastic brain tissues. Enhanced DNA synthesis occurred in 5 5 non-neoplastic astrocyte, one oligodendroglioma, and 2 5 astrocytoma cultures after exposure to medium containing 1.25–12.5% supernatant fluid (SF) from insoluble concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated unseparated or T lymphocyte-enriched human mononuclear leukocytes (MNL). Analyses of SF indicated that the presence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) could not account for glial cell stimulation, and exposure to semi-purified interleukin-2 (IL-2) in amounts comparable to those in SF from Con A-stimulated MNL had no effect on glial cells. These data indicate that non-neoplastic astrocytes and other human glial cells are stimulated by products of human MNL.
Oxidative Stability of Polyunsaturated Triacylglycerols Encapsulated in Oleaginous Yeast

Oleaginous yeast cells have the ability to synthesize oil from carbon sources or to adsorb fatty acids from their growth medium. Fish oil or conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-rich oils encapsulated in Cryptococcus curvatus were protected from oxidation for more than 7 weeks. Oil-containing dead and viable yeast as well as oils extracted from dead or viable yeast were incubated at 52 °C in the dark. Oils extracted from yeast at the beginning of the experiment began oxidizing almost immediately and exceeded peroxide values (PV) of 20 mequiv/kg within a few days and eventually reaching PV > 100 mequiv/kg. After 56 days of incubation the PV value of oil from viable cells grown on fish oil was 3.8 ± 0.1 and 5.5 ± 0.8 mequiv/kg from dead cells. After 42 days of incubation the PV of oil from viable CLA containing yeast was 1.1 ± 0.2 mequiv/kg and 1.7 ± 0.5 from dead CLA containing yeast. C. curvatus encapsulation significantly improved oxidative stability of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) and CLA. Yeast cell viability was not critical for oxidative stability of the encapsulated oil.
A longitudinal analysis of English language learners’ word decoding and reading comprehension

This longitudinal investigation examined word decoding and reading comprehension measures from first grade through sixth grade for a sample of Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELLs). The sample included 261 children (average age of 7.2 years; 120 boys; 141 girls) at the initial data collection in first grade. The ELLs’ word decoding and reading comprehension scores showed quadratic growth over the course of the study. The sample’s reading comprehension, but not their word decoding, began to fall behind the normative sample starting in the third grade. Phonological awareness, rapid automatic naming (RAN), and oral language measures were used as predictors and correlated with growth rates in a manner consistent with past research.
Characterization of the Human Inosine-5′-monophosphate Dehydrogenase Type II Gene

Inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) activity and mRNA levels are induced up to 15-fold upon mitogenic or antigenic stimulation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. This increase in IMPDH activity is required for cellular proliferation and has been associated with malignant transformation. We have cloned the human IMPDH type II gene and show that it contains 14 exons and is approximately 5.8 kilobases in length. Exons vary in size from 49 to 207 base pairs and introns from 73 to 1065 base pairs. The transcription start site was mapped to a position 50 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation site. The 5′-flanking region consisting of 463 base pairs upstream of the translation initiation site confers induced transcription and differential regulation upon a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene when transfected into Jurkat T cells and human peripheral blood T lymphocytes, respectively. DNase I footprinting analysis using Jurkat T cell nuclear extract identified four protected regions in the promoter which coincide with consensus transcription factor binding sites for the nuclear factors AP2, ATF, CREB, Egr-1, Nm23, and Sp1. These findings suggest that several of these nuclear factors may play a critical role in the regulation of IMPDH type II gene expression during T lymphocyte activation.
Prognostic value of adeno-walk stress compared to the regular adenosine and treadmill exercise stress in patients undergoing gated myocardial perfusion SPECT

Abstract Background: Ability of patients (pts) to perform a regular symptom-limited exercise treadmill test (ETT) is well-known favourable predictor of prognosis. However, prognostic impact of the ability to perform an adjunctive low-level exercise (Adeno-Walk) in pts referred to adenosine (Adeno) stress myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) has not been defined. Methods: Study population comprised of 7,134 pts who underwent gated rest 201Tl / stress 99mTc-sestamibi MPS and were followed up for cardiac death (CD) for 2.8±1.2 year. We compared data of 1,133 pts (15.9%) with Adeno-Walk (5 minutes of Adeno infusion of 140 mcg/kg/min and flat 1–1.7 ml/h treadmill exercise) to those who performed Adeno-stress (5 minutes of Adeno infusion on supine position) (1,740 pts, or 24.4%) and those who performed ETT (Bruce protocol) (4,261 pts, or 59.7%). Cox proportional hazards method was applied to assess data variables for predicting cardiac death (CD). Results: Pts with Adeno-stress were older and sicker compared both to Adeno-Walk and ETT group; they more frequently had male gender, history of prior MI, diabetes, as well as had lower LVEF and more extensive stress perfusion defect (% myo stress) (all p Conclusion: Ability to perform a low-level adjunctive exercise during Adeno infusion is an important independent predictor of prognosis in pts referred to Adeno-stress MPS and should be considered in clinical decision making.
Participant leadership in adult basic education: negotiating academic progress and leadership responsibilities

This article examines the conflicts and challenges that student leaders in adult basic education and literacy programs experience in balancing their leadership responsibilities with academic endeavours. Based upon a case study of an adult basic education student leadership council in New York City, the article shows that leadership activities can both support and impede academic progress. The mediating factors were time requirements for implementation of leadership activities and the perceived priorities of the participants, who used various strategies to manage their academic and leadership responsibilities. Council involvement also supported and changed their academic, vocational and personal aspirations. This study alerts adult educators to the ways in which leadership activities can complicate learners’ academic pursuits, the need both to respect student leaders’ choices and to provide guidance on balancing their multiple responsibilities, and the importance of cultivating literate capabilities throug...
An actin fishnet for DNA

It has long been thought that gathering chromosomes during spindle assembly is exclusively the responsibility of microtubules. However, a recent study by Lenart et al. shows that, in larger cells, a collapsing network of actin filaments ensnares and transports the chromosomes, bringing them in range for microtubule capture.
Problems and prospects of reliability-based optimization

Reliability has long been recognized as a safety constraint in structural engineering. That is, an optimum design should balance both cost and safety. Nevertheless, applications of reliability analysis in recent years have been primarily aimed at establishing the basis for code factors. Similarly, most optimization studies have used accepted code safety factors without introducing reliability as explicit design constraints. This paper reviews the methodology of component and system reliability analysis and examples of their inclusion in optimization applications. The limitations in the explicit use of reliability in optimization are discussed.
The Organization of Computations for Uniform Recurrence Equations

A set equations in the quantities ai(p), where i = 1, 2, · · ·, m and p ranges over a set R of lattice points in n-space, is called a system of uniform recurrence equations if the following property holds: If p and q are in R and w is an integer n-vector, then ai(p) depends directly on aj(p - w) if and only if ai(q) depends directly on aj(q - w). Finite-difference approximations to systems of partial differential equations typically lead to such recurrence equations. The structure of such a system is specified by a dependence graph G having m vertices, in which the directed edges are labeled with integer n-vectors. For certain choices of the set R, necessary and sufficient conditions on G are given for the existence of a schedule to compute all the quantities ai(p) explicitly from their defining equations. Properties of such schedules, such as the degree to which computation can proceed “in parallel,” are characterized. These characterizations depend on a certain iterative decomposition of a dependence graph into subgraphs. Analogous results concerning implicit schedules are also given.
Dynamics of Refractive-Index Changes and Two-Beam Coupling in Resonant Media

The dynamics of light-induced change in the refractive index of a resonant medium are examined. For illumination with weak fields, the two relevant relaxation times are T 1, the population lifetime and T 2, the dipole-dephasing time. The response time of the index change is determined by the slower relaxation time of the medium which is usually the time T 1 taken by the excited system to relax back to its thermal equilibrium value. Illumination with two beams of the same frequency that intersect within the medium leads to the formation of a volume grating in the medium that is spatially local. Hence there is no exchange of energy between the beams that write the grating, each beam merely reducing the absorption experienced by the other beam. Illumination with a moving, spatially periodic intensity pattern leads to gain for one beam and additional absorption for the other beam as they propagate through the medium. A complete set of coupled equations describing the intensities and phases of the beams undergoing non-degenerate two-wave mixing in the resonant media is derived using third-order perturbation theory, and the solutions are studied numerically. In particular, the two-beam coupling constant for intensity is shown to depend on the frequency difference between the two beams and on the pressure-induced collisional relaxations in the system.
Power flow studies in the presence of geomagnetically induced currents

Embedding the modeling and simulation of geomagnetically induced currents, GIC, into power flow simulation software allows the study of sensitivity and transient stability of the North American bulk power system under the distress of a geomagnetic storm. Modeling the interaction between the auroral electrojets and the Earth's atmosphere is a crucial step in determining the geoelectric field induced by the geomagnetic storm. Geomagnetic storms interact with the Earth's magnetic field, inducing damaging currents into the power grid, which have proven to be harmful to high voltage transformers and the overall stability of the power grid.
Antimatter and ball lightning.

Ashby and Whitehead1 have published evidence of the observation of fluxes of photons lasting ≤ 1 s at an energy corresponding to positron annihilation, in connexion with the possibility that “ball lightning” may be associated with the existence in the terrestrial environment of small quantities (∼ 10−11 g) of antimatter. Here I shall present evidence that fluxes of this type, at about the observed frequency, can be expected from extensive air showers caused by primary cosmic rays of energy E0∼1016 eV.
Hypomagnesemia due to renal tubular defect in reabsorption of magnesium.

A 5-year-old girl is presented who, at 3 3/12 years, had carpopedal spasm and failure to thrive. Evaluation showed normocalcemia and normokalemia associated with hypomagnesemia, hyperaminoacidemia, intermittent glycosuria, and growth failure. The patient had a defect in renal reabsorption of magnesium, demonstrated by inappropriately high urinary excretion of magnesium while in a state of magnesium deficiency. Absorption studies with 28 Mg showed no defect in intestinal absorption and documented the excessive excretion of magnesium. Treatment with supplemental oral magnesium for five weeks did not result in measurable growth, but did significantly raise her serum magnesium level. Aminoaciduria and glycosuria persisted, despite treatment.
Broad-band FMR study of ferromagnetic thin films patterned with antidot lattices

Abstract Previous ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) studies of ferromagnetic (FM) thin films patterned with antidot (AD) arrays have generally avoided the low-field, hysteretic regime that is dominated by irreversible domain wall (DW) dynamics in unpatterned films. Moreover, FM vortices have not yet been identified and systematically studied in films patterned with AD lattices (ADLs). We have studied DC magnetization and broad-band FMR data for permalloy thin films of thickness t ≈ 25 nm, patterned with square lattices of square-shaped AD of width D and separation d = 1000 nm. We observe highly reproducible magnetic hysteresis curves and FMR spectra in the low-field reversal regime (i.e., applied magnetic fields H H C , where H C is the coercive field), which indicates the ADL enforces a reproducible evolution of spin textures compared to the more random behavior of DW evolution in unpatterned films. The width of the reversal regime (2 H C ) and the field separation between observed FMR modes increases with D for a fixed separation d . Our micromagnetic simulations suggest these effects are consequences of both edge pinning of moments by individual AD, or DW pinning by the extended ADL, which involves two distinct length scales L ≈ d and L ≫ d , respectively. FM vortices are observed in our simulations, and their stability sensitively depends upon the AD size and applied magnetic field history.
The onset and progression of spinal injury: a demonstration of neutral zone sensitivity

Abstract Spinal injuries are a great cost to society and the afflicted individuals. It is well known that most spinal injuries are not bony fractures but rather soft tissue lesions falling in the ‘subfailure’ region. For the clinical diagnosis of spinal injuries, abnormal motion patterns under physiological loads are considered an important factor. The purpose of the present study was to determine the onset and progression of spinal injury, and compare the sensitivity of three motion parameters: neutral zone (NZ), elastic zone (EZ), and range of motion (ROM). Spinal injury was defined as a significant increase in any of the three motion parameters. A repeatable high-speed flexion-compression load vector was applied individually to six porcine cervical spine specimens. Several impacts of increasing severity were applied to each specimen. After each impact, flexion-extension motion was measured. Neutral zone was the residual deformation from the neutral position to the position under zero load at the start of the final load cycle. Elastic zone was the displacement from zero load to the maximum load on the final load cycle. Range of motion was the sum of the neutral and elastic zones. The first significant increase in motion was determined by the neutral zone parameter with few observable anatomic lesions on the specimens. This was the onset of spinal injury. The next significant motion increase was also determined by the neutral zone parameter. After this motion increase, termed the progression of injury, ligament ruptures were observed in some specimens. It was concluded that the neutral zone was the most sensitive motion parameter in defining the onset and progression of spinal injury. The range of motion was less sensitive while the elastic zone parameter did not change significantly with injury.
Bile flow in the rat after enteral administration of bile salts.

The effects of enteral administration of various bile salts on bile output were investigated in the rat. After intraduodenal administration, all bile salts significantly increased bile flow and total bile output. Dehydrocholate had the greatest effect on bile flow. Cholate was next in degree of effectiveness followed by taurocholate, deoxycholate, and taurodeoxycholate. Bile output was significantly lower after ileal or gastric intubation of sodium dehydrocholate or taurocholate than after duodenal administration of these compounds. Conjugation of the bile salts tended to depress the overall effect on bile flow. These effects are discussed in terms of possible differences in the absorption of conjugated and unconjugated bile salts. Comparison of the effects of sodium dehydrocholate and taurocholate after intraduodenal and intravenous or intraperitoneal administration suggests that absorption rate or efficiency of absorption markedly influences the intensity of apparent choleretic activity. A relationship was observed between the structure of the bile salt and bile flow stimulation: the triketo form was more effective than the trihydroxy form and that, in turn, was more effective than the dihydroxy form. This is difficult to explain in terms of differences in absorbability but is consistent with a choleresis mechanism involving osmotic pressure effects. At a dose of 100 µmoles, in the rat, dehydrocholate does not function simply as a hydrocholeretic agent. Nevertheless, on the basis of the relative amount (percent) of solids in stimulated bile, there are clear differences in the nature of the choleretic activity of dehydrocholate and cholate.
Behavior of full-scale concrete segmented pipelines under permanent ground displacements

Concrete pipelines are one of the most popular underground lifelines used for the transportation of water resources. Unfortunately, this critical infrastructure system remains vulnerable to ground displacements during seismic and landslide events. Ground displacements may induce significant bending, shear, and axial forces to concrete pipelines and eventually lead to joint failures. In order to understand and model the typical failure mechanisms of concrete segmented pipelines, large-scale experimentation is necessary to explore structural and soil-structure behavior during ground faulting. This paper reports on the experimentation of a reinforced concrete segmented concrete pipeline using the unique capabilities of the NEES Lifeline Experimental and Testing Facilities at Cornell University. Five segments of a full-scale commercial concrete pressure pipe (244 cm long and 37.5 cm diameter) are constructed as a segmented pipeline under a compacted granular soil in the facility test basin (13.4 m long and 3.6 m wide). Ground displacements are simulated through translation of half of the test basin. A dense array of sensors including LVDT's, strain gages, and load cells are installed along the length of the pipeline to measure the pipeline response while the ground is incrementally displaced. Accurate measures of pipeline displacements and strains are captured up to the compressive and flexural failure of the pipeline joints.
Intermediate Reynolds number flat plate boundary layer flows over catalytic surfaces for “micro”-combustion applications

The reactive, flat plate boundary layer flow of close-tostoichiometric, methaneair mixtures over small size Pt plates is studied experimentally for intermediate Reynolds and Peclet numbers which pertain to micro-combustion applications. The surface temperature was measured with infrared thermography and correlated to reactant concentration profiles acquired with line-Raman imaging. Three phases of combustion were observed. Immediately after the leading edge, a first phase was established with a high surface temperature (>1200C) and intense fuel depletion. The Reynolds number and equivalence ratio strongly influenced this first phase. It was followed by a second, longer phase, where temperature reached an intermediate value near 1000C that exhibited little sensitivity to Reynolds number and equivalence ratio. In a third phase, combustion was completed and the surface temperature was reduced to the free-stream mixture temperature. It is suggested that this 'Phase I' combustion can be used for burner miniaturisation through boundary layer interruption.
Differences in prevalence of HIV and HCV between blacks and whites based on patterns of injection and non-injection drug users in Baltimore City

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 140 (2014) e86–e168 e101 Differences in prevalence of HIV and HCV between blacks and whites based on patterns of injection and non-injection drug users in Baltimore City Larry Keen, W.W. Latimer Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States Aims: The current study examineddifferences in the prevalence of viral hepatitis C and HIV disease between Blacks and Whites adults in Baltimore City across three subtypes of drug users identified in previous research (Harrell et al., 2012): crack/nasal heroin users, heroin injectors, and polysubstance users. Methods: This study was a part of an ongoing NIDA-funded NEURO-HIV Epidemiologic study, a longitudinal study to identify neuropsychological and social-behavioral HIV risk factors among injection and non-injection drug users. Results: The subsample of 482 participants included 284 men (58.9%) and 198 women (41.1%). Approximately half of the participants self-identified as White (n=244), while the rest selfidentified as Black (n=238). There were significant differences between classes based on race (X2 (2, N=482) =97.84, p= .00) and HCV (X2 (2, N=482) =140.87, p= .00). Differences indicated that crack/nasal heroin users were predominantly Black (74.9%), while heroin injectors and polysubstance users were predominantly white (71.5% and 68.9%). Polysubstance users accounted for over half of the HCV positive diagnoses (56.5%) in Whites. Blacks HCV diagnoses were somewhat evenly spread across the groups. Though HIV did not differ significantly between groups, the Crack/Nasal Heroin contained over half (52.4%) of the 42 HIV positive diagnoses in the sample. Conclusions: Black drug users in this sample were characterized by significantly lower rates of IDU compared to whites. Since the vastmajority of the current sample is heterosexual, the findings suggest heterosexual sex as the primary mode of HIV transmission for Black drug users. In contrast,White drug usersweremore prone to HCV compared to Black drug users, which is attributable to their higher rate of IDU. The current study findings provide further support that heterosexual transmission of HIV is a primary vector of disease transmission among African American drug users who predominantly do not inject drugs and thereby may help to inform targets of disease prevention. Financial support: NIDA: RO1 DA 14498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.291 Daysimeter feasibility and acceptability in a polysubstance-using population Ashley Kennedy1, M. Rea2, M. Figueiro2, Michelle L. Jobes1, D. Epstein1, Kenzie L. Preston1 1 National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States 2 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United
An alternative perspective on sex differences in organizational settings: The process of legitimation

This article takes a sociological approach to a problem that has usually been considered as a psychological phenomenon. It addresses the problem of male—female interactions in work situations utilizing the organizational concepts of division of labor and legitimacy. Traditional explanations evoking sex-role socialization are reviewed and rejected for purposes of experimentation and intervention. An alternative argument, focusing on the structural arrangements of organizational settings, is presented as an explanation for behavioral effects previously attributed to inherent sex differences. The results of a pilot study are briefly described, and directions for further experimentation and possible intervention strategies are suggested.
Two-point optical coherency matrix tomography

The two-point coherence of an electromagnetic field is represented completely by a 4×4 coherency matrix G that encodes the joint polarization–spatial-field correlations. Here, we describe a systematic sequence of cascaded spatial and polarization projective measurements that are sufficient to tomographically reconstruct G—a task that, to the best of our knowledge, has not yet been realized. Our approach benefits from the correspondence between this reconstruction problem in classical optics and that of quantum state tomography for two-photon states in quantum optics. Identifying G uniquely determines all the measurable correlation characteristics of the field and, thus, lifts ambiguities that arise from reliance on traditional scalar descriptors, especially when the field’s degrees of freedom are correlated or classically entangled.
Protecting file systems with transient authentication

Laptops are vulnerable to theft, greatly increasing the likelihood of exposing sensitive files. Unfortunately, storing data in a cryptographic file system does not fully address this problem. Such systems ask the user to imbue them with long-term authority for decryption, but that authority can be used by anyone who physically possesses the machine. Forcing the user to frequently reestablish his identity is intrusive, encouraging him to disable encryption.This tension between usability and security is eliminated through Transient Authentication, in which a small hardware token continuously authenticates the user's presence to the laptop over a short-range, wireless link. Whenever the laptop needs decryption authority, it acquires it from the token; authority is retained only as long as necessary. With careful key management, ZIA imposes an overhead of less than 7% for representative workloads, though some infrequent operations suffer greater overheads. The largest file cache on our hardware can be re-encrypted within five seconds of the user's departure, and restored in just over six seconds after detecting the user's return. This secures the machine before an attacker can gain physical access, but recovers full performance before a returning user resumes work. Key granularity plays an important role in determining performance; assigning encryption keys on a per-directory basis limits the cost of an exposed key while maintaining acceptable overhead.
The impact of health habits and life‐style on the stressor—strain relationship: An evaluation of three industries

Three industry populations representing a total of 58 organizations and more than 3000 individuals were surveyed to assess the influence of life-style and health habits on stress outcomes. Results suggest a strong direct relationship between life-style and health habits and stress outcomes. Contrary to hypotheses, life-style and health habits did not consistently moderate, or ‘buffer’, the stressor-strain linkage.
Six-quark clusters and pion double charge exchange in the Δ33 energy region

Abstract The effect of six-quark cluster contributions on pion double charge exchange is estimated. Assuming a Δ33 doorway, it is found that as much as half of the observed cross section may arise from short-range quark effects at resonance.
Effect of drugs on rat brain, cerebrospinal fluid and blood GABA content.

Acute administration of GABA transaminase inhibitors to rats results in a dose-dependent increase in both brain and blood GABA content and administration of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), at a dose which decreases the amount of brain GABA, also lowers blood levels of this amino acid. Chronic treatment (10 days) with INH (20mg/kg), y-acetylenic-GABA (10 mg/kg) or aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) (10 mg/kg) results in a significant elevation in both rat brain and blood GABA concentrations. At the doses studied, only AOAA caused a significant elevation in CSF GABA content. Co-administration of pyridoxal phosphate (2 mg/kg) blocks the chronic INH-induced rise in blood GABA but does not affect the increase in brain content of this amino acid. Chronic administration of di-n-propylacetate (20 mg/kg) did not significantly alter brain, blood or CSF GABA levels. The results suggest that, under the proper conditions, changes in blood GABA levels after administration of inhibitors of GABA synthesis or degradation may be an indirect indicator of changes in the brain content of this amino acid. Blood GABA determinations may be useful for studying the biochemical effectiveness of GABA transaminase inhibitors in man.
Electric resonance optothermal spectrum of the 920 cm-1 v 14 + v 15 torsional combination band of acetaldehyde

The 920 cm-1 vibrational band of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) has been studied at about 2 MHz (FWHM) resolution using an electric resonance optothermal spectrometer and a tunable microwave-sideband CO2 laser. Microwave and radiofrequency infrared double resonance and precise combination differences are used to assign the spectrum and verify that it originates from the vibrational ground state of the molecule. The band is observed to have a large A-E torsional tunnelling splitting of 1·45 cm-1, with the A state higher in energy than the E state. The K′ = 1 and 2 levels for the E state have large K splittings of 28·8 GHz and 54·5 GHz, respectively, which are similar to the 37·3 GHz and 58·4 GHz splittings found for the first excited torsional vibration of the ground vibrational state. The above observations demonstrate that the 920 cm-1 vibrational state has one quantum of torsional excitation, confirming previous low-resolution assignments of the band to the A′ v 14 + v 15 combination vibration, consisting of the...
Heterogeneity of tight junction morphology in extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary airways of the rat

In the present study morphology of tight junctions was related to the various cell types lining extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary airways of the rat. Freeze fracture replicas were prepared from extrapulmonary airway epithelium derived from the cartilagenous and membranous sides of upper, middle, and lower thirds of the trachea. Intrapulmonary airway epithelium was obtained from airways less than 1 mm in diameter. Tight junction fibrils on the P fracture face were organized into three types of patterns. Type 1: parallel sparsely interconnected lumenal fibrils with large ablumenal fibril loops. Type 2: richly interconnected lumenal fibrils with large ablumenal fibril loops. Type 3: narrow network of interconnected fibrils. On the E fracture face complementary grooves were organized in a similar pattern. Ciliated cells on both sides and all levels of the trachea were associated with type 1 junctions. In intrapulmonary airways, however, the junctional pattern of ciliated cells changed to type 2. Brush cells at all levels of the airways were bounded by type 2 and occasionally by type 1 junctions. Secretory cell junctions displayed the following patterns: Mucous cells were bounded solely by type 3, serous cells by either types 2 or 3, and Clara cells predominantly by type 2. Cells tentatively identified as intermediate cells displayed all three junctional patterns. The number of parallel fibrils comprising tight junctions was higher in extrapulmonary as compared to intrapulmonary airways. No difference was seen in the various locations sampled in the trachea. Gap junctions were observed between secretory cells of extrapulmonary but not intrapulmonary airways. These observations are discussed in relation to current physiologic data.
Experimental infection of white-tailed deer with rangiferine brucellosis.

Experimental infections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with Brucella suis biovar 4 were evaluated over a period of 6 wk. Five adult male hand-raised white-tailed deer were inoculated with 1 × 107 colony forming units of B. suis biovar 4 in the conjunctiva and serologically evaluated over 6 wk by the card test (CARD), rivanol test (RIV), serum agglutination test (SAT), complement fixation test (CFT), particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA), and competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA), as routinely used for bovine samples. Six weeks postinoculation the animals were euthanized and cultured for B. suis biovar 4. One deer became serologically positive 4 wk post-inoculation on CFT, CARD, PCFIA, and c-ELISA. At 6 wk postinoculation, CFT was positive in four infected deer, CARD was positive in three deer; RIV, SAT, and PCFIA was positive in two deer; and cELISA was positive in one deer. Only the CFT was 100% sensitive. At necropsy B. suis biovar 4 was isolated from f...
Nuclei formation rates in a coal-fired power plant plume

Abstract From total aerosol concentration data obtained with a condensation nuclei counter (CNC) and size distribution information obtained with an electrical aerosol analyzer (EAA). in and adjacent to the Labadie power plant plume near St. Louis, Missouri, nucleation rates, QN and the fraction of aerosol mass from gas-to-particle conversion going into the nuclei mode and accumulation mode have been calculated. Nucleation rates in the plume ranged from 1700cm −3 s −1 at 0630 in the morning close to the stack to 1 at night and long distances. Background rates ranged from 2 to 4 in the middle of the day to essentially zero at night. Approximately 5% of the new mass from gas-to-particle conversion in the plume formed new nuclei while the remainder condensed directly on accumulation mode particles. Nucleation rates calculated from the photooxidation of SO 2 in smog chamber experiments were found to compare favorably with those in the plume. Furthermore, the number of new nuclei formed per unit volume of aerosol formed by the gas-to-particle conversion were found to be comparable in the plume and in the smog chamber experiments, being about 5 × 10 6 μ −3 in the smog chamber and 0.6 to 2.6 × 10 6 μm −3 in the plume. The ratio of the volume formation rate of aerosol to the SO 2 concentration in the plume and in the smog chamber were found to be comparable, 38 μm 3 cm −3 h −1 ppm −1 in the smog chamber compared to 57 in the plume. These ratios were somewhat smaller than those calculated for aerosol formed in a sulfur-containing propane flame by Barsic (1977) and alongside of a Los Angeles freeway by Clark et al. (1976). A simple correlation between the total number concentration of the aerosol and the number of particles in the accumulation mode ( Na ) has been found to be NT = 10 ( N a ) 0.904 ( NT . Na cm −3 ). Using the lumped mode model, a further simple relationship between NT and the nucleation rate, QN n , has been found to be NT = 1.725 × 10 4 (QN n ) 1 2 . These later correlations would only apply to well-aged aerosol several hours away from fresh injections of combustion nuclei (QN n no. cm −3 s −1 ).
Prospects for Change in Public Mental Institutions

Because of the incompatibility of variables (viz. actors, milieu concept, institution, society) with each other as well as the potential areas of strain contained within each variable, it is improbable that state mental institutions can adapt a patient-centered (therapeutic) milieu. Evidence is presented in order to substantiate this hypothesis.
Molecular structure and energetics of BrOx radicals (where x=1, 2, and 3)

Abstract The equilibrium structures, vibrational spectra and heats of formation for BrO, OBrO, and sym-BrO 3 have been investigated using high levels of ab initio molecular orbital theory. Methods include second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), density functional theory, and singles and doubles coupled-cluster theory which incorporates a perturbational estimate of effects of connected triples excitation [CCSD(T)]. At the highest level of theory, CCSD(T)/6-311+G(3df)//CCSD(T)/6-311G(2df), the 0 K heats of formation for BrO, OBrO, and sym-BrO 3 are predicted to be 27.5±3, 34.5±3, and 63.2±3 kcal mol −1 , respectively.
Polarization and unnatural parity exchange in K− p → (ω, ϕ) Λ and π− p → K∗0 Λ

We use newly obtained joint density matrix elements for K−p → (ω, ϕ)Λ and π−p → K∗0Λ to isolate three interference terms contributing to the polarization. The data show large interference between natural parity exchanges (K∗∗, K∗) and substantial interference between unnatural parity exchanges (K-KA). We use Su(3) to compare ω, ϕ and K∗0 production.