cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Victims of Circumstances: Women in Pursuit of Political Office

Women have long faced special barriers in their efforts to gain election to political office. We show that the hurdles women encounter go beyond the often-described familial responsibilities and occupational disadvantages to include perceptual and political barriers unique to women. Using a two-wave, five-year panel of people serving on city councils, we find women likely to pursue higher office only under particular conditions—conditions that seem to matter little to men. Additionally, the success of women in pursuing higher office is more closely tied to the circumstances in which they find themselves than is the success of men. We suggest that the motivational circumstances of women and men in pursuing a political career are more complex than previously assumed. It is not just that men and women differ in their career attitudes and perceptions but that these attitudes and perceptions have different meaning for the two sexes.
Effects of Strain and Access to Males on Female Longevity, Lifetime Oviposition Rate, and Egg Fertility of the Mexican Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The effect of mating frequency on fertility and fecundity over the lifetime of an insect is a major factor influencing reproductive behavior. In this study I tested the relationship between oviposition, egg fertility, and longevity of individual females under conditions of single mating or multiple mating opportunities. Percentage of eggs that were fertile decreased after ≈3 wk of egg production for single mated females of old lines. New lines either had decreased egg fertility or decreased oviposition when no additional males were available. Repeated exposure to males decreased female longevity in all tests, effects of access to males on oviposition rates varied considerably among females. Profiles of egg production rates of the groups over the adult lifespan were not consistent for the 2 sets of tests for either old or new strains. This study indicated that several factors such as degree of adaptation to rearing conditions and access to males can affect female longevity, total egg production, and fertility. These effects, however, also appear to be influenced by environmental conditions and may vary considerably between experiments.
Analysis of Highly Coupled Thermal-Structural Responses in Morphing Radiative Bodies

As the field of smart structures matures, a variety of active components are being explored. One example is a morphing radiator that uses shape memory alloys (SMAs) to actuate, thereby altering its geometric effectiveness. This device exhibits a high degree of thermomechanical coupling due to the active response of the shape memory alloy and the radiative heat transfer taking place on the surface of the radiator assembly. This paper presents and demonstrates a multiphysical finite element analysis-based framework capable of simulating general problems of this type. The framework decomposes the coupled behavior of the radiator into two separate but interacting analyses: one representing the structural response and one representing the thermal solution. Two example problems are provided in order to demonstrate the flexibility of the framework. Additionally, a reduced-order mathematical model is developed for one of the problems.
Abstract 5410: Modulating metabolic homeostasis as a therapeutic tool for leukemia.

Genetic studies in humans and rodents support the notion that alterations in metabolic homeostasis can directly contribute to carcinogenesis and metabolic processes may be targets for therapy. The nuclear hormone receptors (NR) control a wide variety of metabolic processes by regulating the expression of genes encoding key enzymes, transporters, and other mediators. Therefore we explored potential links between cellular metabolic control by NRs and viability of cancer cells. In this study we tested the effect of 127 NR modulators, targeting receptors known to be important in regulating metabolism or known to be viable cancer targets on the growth of different leukemic cells lines. Of the compounds tested 8, mainly targeting ER and RAR, induced significant apoptosis in these leukemias. The effects of the 8 active compounds on mitochondrial metabolism were tested in Jurkat cells and 5 compounds significantly reduced lactate levels. However, only the synthetic retinoid (CD437) significantly affected pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. CD437 also effected the expression of genes involved in leukemia development and therapeutic responses with the PKC pathway being the primary target. CD437 induced PKC Kinase activity and activated its downstream signals AKT and JNK. CD437 downregulated CPT-1a,and decreased the overall O2 consumption rate. Additional CD437 induced genes included those involved in the mitochondrial respiratory complex I and III and increased the production of ROS. Our results indicate that the apoptotic effect of CD437 can be linked to its regulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Citation Format: Ramy R. Attia, Jaeki Min, Rodney K. Guy. Modulating metabolic homeostasis as a therapeutic tool for leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5410. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5410
Wave Riding or Owning the Issue: How Do Candidates Determine Campaign Agendas?

This paper addresses the question of how the agendas for political campaigns are determined and whether or not candidates discuss similar issues. Two candidates compete by choosing how to allocate their time across two different issues. The amount of time spent discussing an issue affects the level of uncertainty regarding a candidate. Results suggest voter distribution determines which candidate has an advantage in the election, and issue importance determines the amount of time a candidate has to devote to issues. In most cases, I find that candidates will discuss the most important issue and that dialogue between candidates is possible. When issues are equally important each candidate discusses the issue upon which he agrees with the decisive group of voters.
The Subcutaneous Fat Aspirate: A Controlled and Blinded Evaluation of the Technique in the Diagnosis of Primary Amyloidosis (AL)

We performed subcutaneous fat aspiration in 82 patients with biopsy-proven primary amyloidosis and 72 normal adult volunteers. All 154 specimens were randomly sorted and submitted blind to two pathologists for interpretation. Neither pathologist was aware of the number of patients or controls or the interpretation of the other. of the 72 controls, 71 were interpreted as negative; and 1 was interpreted as weakly positive by each. of the 82 amyloid patients, 59 (72 percent) were interpreted as positive by pathologist #1; and 65 (79 percent) by pathologist #2. The concordance rate between the two in amyloid patients was 93 percent. The fat aspirate diagnosed amyloidosis in patients with nephrotic syndrome, heart failure, and neuropathy with equal accuracy. Only patients with carpal tunnel syndrome had a low prevalence of positives (17 percent). The fat aspirate was as sensitive as rectal biopsy (69 percent) and more sensitive than bone marrow biopsy (49 percent). Only renal biopsy was more sensitive than the fat aspirate (97 percent). This procedure could be done by trained technical personnel. One problem was nonspecific birefringence caused by overstaining of slides with Congo red and was responsible for the false positive controls. The fat aspirate does not replace other non-invasive tests but can reduce the necessity of invasive biopsy procedures. There were six instances in which a fat aspirate would have obviated the need for a more invasive biopsy such as heart, kidney, or sural nerve. The fat aspirate is a valuable cost-effective technique in the diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis.
Long-term cognitive and neuroanatomical stability in patients with anoxic amnesia: A Case Report

ABSTRACTBackground: Anoxia can result in selective hippocampal damage with associated impairments in declarative memory. Whilst memory impairments and brain structures are thought to be stable, there are little data regarding the effects of ageing or change over time in patients with amnesia from anoxic brain injury.Methods: To assess change over time, we compared structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with data obtained over ten years previously in two well-characterized patients with amnesia (JRW and RS) who experienced an anoxic brain injury. Six healthy, age-matched control participants were recruited to compare brain volumes with the patients at Time 2. Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised and Wechsler memory scale-revised scores were compared to scores on the same tests administered 13 and 19 years prior.Results: Patients with amnesia had significantly smaller hippocampal volumes than controls, but comparable medial temporal lobe and ventricular volumes. Memory, intellectual function and b...
Challenges and Opportunities for Embedded Computing in Retail Environments

In the retail industry, real-time product location tends to be a multi-million-dollar problem because of seasonal restocking, varying store layouts, personnel training, diversity of products, etc. Stores maintain planograms, which are detailed product-level maps of the store layout. Unfortunately, these planograms are obsolete by the time that they are constructed (because it takes weeks to get them right), thereby significantly diminishing their value to the store staff, to consumers, and to product manufacturers/suppliers. The AndyVision project at Carnegie Mellon focuses on the fundamental problem of real-time planogram construction and planogram integrity. This problem, if solved correctly, has the potential to transform the retail industry, both in the back-office operations and in the front-of-the-store consumer experience.
Treatment With Biologic Agents Has Not Reduced Surgeries Among Patients With Crohn’s Disease With Short Bowel Syndrome

Background & Aims Little is known about the effects of biologic agents used to treat Crohn's disease (CD) on its long-term complications, such as short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure (SBS-IF). We evaluated trends in small bowel resections and health care utilization among patients with CD with and without SBS-IF. Methods We collected data on the National Inpatient Sample on 2,989,185 patients hospitalized with CD in the United States before the time period in which CD was treated with biologic agents (1993–1997) and after biologic therapy became widespread (1998–2014). We used Poisson and linear regression analyses to evaluate trends for small bowel resections and health care utilization among patients with CD with and without SBS-IF. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index, payer source, hospital size, region, and teaching status. Results The proportions of patients who underwent resection did not significantly change during the period before biologic therapy (121.8 per 1000 hospitalizations in 1993 to 110.1 per 1000 hospitalizations in 1997; P trend =.14) but decreased significantly during the period after biologic therapy began (99.0 per 1000 hospitalizations in 1998 to 64.6 per 1000 hospitalizations in 2014; P trend P trend = .92) and during the period after biologic therapy (0.6 per 1000 hospitalizations in 1998 to 0.7 per 1000 hospitalizations in 2014; P trend = .06). Rates of hospitalization for patients with SBS-IF increased from 16.5 per 1000 hospitalizations in 1998 to 19.5 per 1000 hospitalizations in 2014 ( P trend P .01) and greater total charges ( P .01). Conclusions In a study of the United States population, we found that the use of biologic agents to treat CD reduced the proportion of patients undergoing resection, but not among patients with SBS-IF. These findings indicate that biologic agents reduce some but not all features of CD. Studies are needed to identify patients at risk for SBS-IF, prevent and treat this complication, and identify new treatments.
Experiential Education Builds Student Self-Confidence in Delivering Medication Therapy Management

To determine the impact of advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPE) on student self-confidence related to medication therapy management (MTM), fourth-year pharmacy students were surveyed pre/post APPE to: identify exposure to MTM learning opportunities, assess knowledge of the MTM core components, and assess self-confidence performing MTM services. An anonymous electronic questionnaire administered pre/post APPE captured demographics, factors predicted to impact student self-confidence (Grade point average (GPA), work experience, exposure to MTM learning opportunities), MTM knowledge and self-confidence conducting MTM using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not at all Confident; 5 = Extremely Confident). Sixty-two students (26% response rate) responded to the pre-APPE questionnaire and n = 44 (18%) to the post-APPE. Over 90% demonstrated MTM knowledge and 68.2% completed MTM learning activities. APPE experiences significantly improved students’ overall self-confidence (pre-APPE = 3.27 (0.85 SD), post-APPE = 4.02 (0.88), p < 0.001). Students engaging in MTM learning opportunities had higher self-confidence post-APPE (4.20 (0.71)) vs. those not reporting MTM learning opportunities (3.64 (1.08), p = 0.05). Post-APPE, fewer students reported MTM was patient-centric or anticipated engaging in MTM post-graduation. APPE learning opportunities increased student self-confidence to provide MTM services. However, the reduction in anticipated engagement in MTM post-graduation and reduction in sensing the patient-centric nature of MTM practice, may reveal a gap between practice expectations and reality.
Syphilitic lymphadenitis with abscess formation involving cervical lymph nodes.

![Figure][1] A 40-year-old man with no significant past medical history experienced myalgias and fatigue persisting for approximately 1 month, followed by the onset of painful cervical lymphadenopathy. A purified protein derivative skin test as well as serologic testing for HIV and Epstein-
Large-Eddy Simulation Study of Log Laws in a Neutral Ekman Boundary Layer

Abstract The characteristics of wind profiles in a neutral atmospheric boundary layer and their dependence on the geostrophic wind speed Ug, Coriolis parameter f, and surface roughness length z0 are examined utilizing large-eddy simulations. These simulations produce a constant momentum flux layer and a log-law layer above the surface characterized by a logarithmic increase of wind speed with height. The von Karman constant derived from the mean wind profile is around 0.4 over a wide range of control parameters. The depths of the simulated boundary layer, constant-flux layer, and surface log-law layer tend to increase with the wind speed and decrease with an increasing Coriolis parameter. Immediately above the surface log-law layer, a second log-law layer has been identified from these simulations. The depth of this upper log-law layer is comparable to its counterpart in the surface layer, and the wind speed can be scaled as , as opposed to just in the surface log-law layer, implying that in addition to s...
Discovering a Cultural System Using Consumer Ethnocentrism Theory

Culture and consumer behavior are systems worthy of research and exploration. Consumer behavior is an element of a multifaceted system of supply and demand; with stakeholders engaged to varying degrees within the dynamics of the system. The systemic practices of the stakeholders of a particular system can be varied; in this research, the CETSCALE developed by Shimp and Sharma J Mark Res 24:280–289 (1987) was modified to test Wisconsin residents’ loyalty to local vs. imported beer. The research showed not only ethnocentric tendencies of the study participants, but also their cultural behavior as part of the system for these products in Wisconsin, USA. This manuscript is inspired by Orth and Firbasova Agribusiness 19(2):137–153 (2003), The Role of Consumer Ethnocentrism in Food Product Evaluation.
High-resolution structure prediction of β-barrel membrane proteins.

[Formula: see text]-Barrel membrane proteins ([Formula: see text]MPs) play important roles, but knowledge of their structures is limited. We have developed a method to predict their 3D structures. We predict strand registers and construct transmembrane (TM) domains of [Formula: see text]MPs accurately, including proteins for which no prediction has been attempted before. Our method also accurately predicts structures from protein families with a limited number of sequences and proteins with novel folds. An average main-chain rmsd of 3.48 A is achieved between predicted and experimentally resolved structures of TM domains, which is a significant improvement ([Formula: see text]3 A) over a recent study. For [Formula: see text]MPs with NMR structures, the deviation between predictions and experimentally solved structures is similar to the difference among the NMR structures, indicating excellent prediction accuracy. Moreover, we can now accurately model the extended [Formula: see text]-barrels and loops in non-TM domains, increasing the overall coverage of structure prediction by [Formula: see text]%. Our method is general and can be applied to genome-wide structural prediction of [Formula: see text]MPs.
Commercialising energy technology innovations: case of waste heat recovery for power generation

The conversion of industrial waste heat to power represents a significant opportunity for society to reduce the impact of industry processes on the environment, as well as an opportunity for entrepreneurs to develop new and innovative renewable energy businesses models. Through systematic analysis and comparison to geothermal energy, this paper will show that waste heat is a superior energy source that should be considered an independent and specific renewable energy. The change in status to a recognised renewable energy will stimulate significant investment in industrial waste heat, with the potential to provide electricity to 10 million homes from the current industrial waste heat stream, reducing pollution and improving industry profitability. Additionally, this status change would allow investors and developers to collect all available incentives, such as incentive tax credits, production tax credits and renewable energy credits.
Revisiting the Approach to Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease.

* Abbreviation: CCHD — : critical congenital heart disease Most state newborn screening programs have adopted the 2011 recommendation from the US Secretary of Health and Human Services to screen newborns for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) with pulse oximetry.1 The rationale for adding this point-of-care newborn screening test was the ability of hypoxemia to help identify CCHD coupled with the benefit of early intervention. Before the recommendation to add CCHD to newborn screening, an expert panel (of which one author of this commentary [A.R.K.] was a member) developed a consensus algorithm that was subsequently endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics and other professional organizations to help with the implementation of CCHD newborn screening.2 Although there is variation in how the algorithm is implemented, most state newborn screening programs recommend an approach similar to this algorithm. The bar for adding a condition to newborn screening is high. Newborn screening has a broad public health reach, and therefore, it must be clear that the benefits far outweigh the harms and that the costs do not limit the availability of other important public health services. Did the recommendation to add CCHD to newborn screening meet this bar? The article by Diller et al3 in this issue of Pediatrics could be interpreted to suggest that the number of CCHD cases detected are so few as to not warrant universal screening. This retrospective study of >77 000 infants born at 1 hospital … Address correspondence to Alex R. Kemper, MD, MPH, MS, Division of Ambulatory Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Dr, LAC5411, Columbus, OH 43205. E-mail: alex.kemper{at}nationwidechildrens.org
Dynamic Ligand Presentation in Biomaterials.

The native cell microenvironment is extraordinarily dynamic, with reciprocal regulation pathways between cells and the extracellular matrix guiding many physiological processes, such as cell migration, stem cell differentiation, and tissue formation. Providing the correct sequence of biochemical cues to cells, both in vivo and in vitro, is critical for triggering specific biological outcomes. There has been a diversity of methods developed for exposing cells in culture to spatiotemporally varying cues, many of which have centered on dynamic control over cell–material interactions in an attempt to recapitulate the role of the extracellular matrix in cell signaling. This review highlights several mechanisms that have been employed to control bioactive ligand presentation in biomaterials, and looks ahead toward the potential for genetically encoded approaches to dynamically regulate material bioactivity using light.
CHAPTER 19 – Interleukin-16

This chapter provides an overview of interleukin -16 (IL-16), which was the first T-cell chemo-attractant. Originally designated lymphocyte chemo-attractant factor (LCF), the protein was identified in the supernatants of mitogen- or antigen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Since its initial description, details about its synthesis, structure, and bioactivity have been elucidated. The chapter reviews the current data regarding IL-16 gene structure, synthesis, protein structure, biochemical characteristics, and cellular origin. IL-16's interaction with its receptor (CD4), its bioactivities, and its role in HIV infection, and inflammation are discussed. The most recent data about the N-terminal domain of pro-IL-16, and its putative role in regulating lymphocyte cell cycle progression, as well as a second family member, neuronal IL-16 are also addressed.
How the level of census data and TRI releases affect empirical models estimating the amount spent on supplemental environmental projects

This environmental finance paper estimates models of the amount spent on the Supplemental Environmental Projects (SEPs) included in the settlements of a sample of US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administrative cases. Demographic variables were generally statistically significant in estimates of models employing US Census Bureau tract-level data for demographic variables. US Census Bureau block group data within a three-mile radius of the involved facility were obtained from US EPA Facility Reports. The block group data demographic variables were generally not statistically significant in models which were similar to the tract-level data models. The inclusion of TRI control variables did not substantially affect the results. Thus, when employing SEPs to finance environmental projects, the scale of demographic variables influences empirical models estimating the amount spent on SEPs.
High Winter Temperatures Facilitate Invasion of Tradescantia fluminensis in the Apalachicola River Floodplain

Temperature impacts organisms at a finer scale than that represented by weather stations and climate models. I investigated whether the expansion of a non-native herbaceous plant species, Tradescantia fluminensis (Small-leaf Spiderwort), up the slopes of the Apalachicola River, FL, was related to topography and/or surface temperature. These slopes comprise the remaining range of Torreya taxifolia (Florida Torreya), one of the rarest tree species in North America, and reports raise the concern that the development of dense patches of Small-leaf Spiderwort can inhibit the establishment of native plants and tree seedlings. I measured vegetative growth over 1 year and surface-temperature minima during the winter of 2016–2017 at the upland boundaries of Small-leaf Spiderwort patches. Temperatures were colder at higher elevations and greater distances from the floodplain, but did not reach the lethal temperature of -4.2 °C. Ninety four percent of patches survived. They expanded upslope an average of 1.2 m/y, and could reach the closest Florida Torreya trees in 2 y. Temperature minima were >1.3 °C warmer than those at the weather station in nearby Wilma, FL. Historical records for Wilma indicate that two-thirds of winters reach sufficiently cold temperatures to kill Small-leaf Spiderwort, and cold temperatures in January 2018 did kill a small proportion of plants. The lack of sufficiently cold temperature since 2011 might account for the recent expansion of Small-leaf Spiderwort in the Apalachicola floodplain.
Virtual reality's effect on children's inhibitory control, social compliance, and sharing

Abstract We compared the effects of different immersive technologies on four- to six-year-olds' inhibitory control skills, social compliance (i.e., walking upon request), and sharing (i.e., physical stickers) with a children's media character (Grover from Sesame Street©). Children ( N = 52) completed an inhibitory control task, Simon Says , with Grover either via TV or VR. Children using VR were less likely to suppress a dominant motoric response during Simon Says (i.e., not imitating Grover's actions at the appropriate time) compared to children using TV. More children in the VR condition approached Grover, and they shared a greater number of stickers with Grover compared to the TV condition (among those that shared). There were no differences between conditions for emotional or physical distress or children's enjoyment of the experience. These preliminary findings suggest that VR may elicit differential cognitive and social responses compared to less immersive technology.
An Empirical Study of UI Implementations in Android Applications

Mobile app developers are able to design sophisticated user interfaces (UIs) that can improve a user's experience and contribute to an app's success. Developers invest in automated UI testing techniques, such as crawlers, to ensure that their app's UIs have a high level of quality. However, UI implementation mechanisms have changed significantly due to the availability of new APIs and mechanisms, such as fragments. In this paper, we study a large set of real-world apps to identify whether the mechanisms developers use to implement app UIs cause problems for those automated techniques. In addition, we examined the changes in these practices over time. Our results indicate that dynamic analyses face challenges in terms of completeness and changing development practices motivate the use of additional analyses, such as static analyses. We also discuss the implications of our results for current testing techniques and the design of new analyses.
New Counselor Educators’ Scholarly Productivity: Supportive and Discouraging Environments

Eighteen new counselor educators shared in-depth reports of their efforts to establish an early record of scholarly productivity, critical to their success in academe. Analyses of their experiences using consensual qualitative research methods revealed components of both highly positive and highly discouraging program environments and their impact on participants’ research goals.
Formation of point shocks for 3D compressible Euler

We consider the 3D isentropic compressible Euler equations with the ideal gas law. We provide a constructive proof of shock formation from smooth initial datum of finite energy, with no vacuum regions, with nontrivial vorticity present at the shock, and under no symmetry assumptions. We prove that for an open set of Sobolev-class initial data which are a small $L^ \infty $ perturbation of a constant state, there exist smooth solutions to the Euler equations which form a generic stable shock in finite time. The blow up time and location can be explicitly computed, and solutions at the blow up time are smooth except for a single point, where they are of cusp-type with Holder $C^ {\frac{1}{3}}$ regularity. Our proof is based on the use of modulated self-similar variables that are used to enforce a number of constraints on the blow up profile, necessary to establish the stability in self-similar variables of the generic shock profile.
Models of lepton and quark masses

A class of models is considered in which the masses only of the third generation of quarks and leptons arise in the tree approximation, while masses for the second and first generations are produced respectively by one-loop and two-loop radiative corrections. So far, for various reasons, these models are not realistic.
The charge alteration of asphaltenes during electro-deposition

Abstract Electro-deposition (E-D) has been proposed as a promising method for dealing with the asphaltenes deposition issue. An observed alteration of the native, positive asphaltene charge during the process has attracted wide attention since it influences the feasibility and efficiency of this method. To investigate this phenomenon, E-D of various asphaltenes with resins was studied. The results demonstrate that the charge alteration of asphaltenes is the result of net adsorption of negative charges within the fluid onto the asphaltenes under high electric field strength. The minimum electric field strength required to trigger the charge alteration of asphaltenes from coal tar and bitumen were 12000 V/cm and 4500 V/cm, respectively, exhibiting a strong influence of chemical composition of asphaltenes on the charge alteration. Moreover, the adsorption of resins on asphaltenes resulted in the repression of charge alteration behavior that varied with different resins. The resins from bitumen had the highest repression on asphaltenes from bitumen, as 2 g/L-resin can increase the minimum electric field strength required for charge alteration to 12000 V/cm. The results of the work provide an essential guide for the further development of an E-D procedure that could be used for efficient asphaltenes removal.
A case of pediatric lymphomatoid papulosis treated with photodynamic therapy and narrowband ultraviolet B

We report a case of a 13-year-old boy with extensive lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) involving his elbows, forearms, proximal thighs, and right hip, with treatment-resistant nodules on his right forearm. He was treated with full-body narrowband ultraviolet B and targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 20% aminolevulinic acid (ALA). After two months, there was complete resolution of the right forearm nodules. Due to its minimal toxicity, PDT offers unique advantages and may be considered for pediatric LyP patients with symptomatic, localized disease resistant to conventional treatments.
Plant-based diets in chronic kidney disease: what does the evidence say?

The prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease can be managed not only with medical therapies, but also with dietary changes. Recent studies have shown that plant-based diets can slow disea...
Amnion and Umbilical Cord–Derived Products in Sports Medicine: From Basic Science to Clinical Application:

Background:Birth tissue products from amnion, chorion, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, or cord blood are frequently marketed as viable sources of stem cells and growth factors. It can be difficult ...
Breeding Season Space Use by Lesser Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus Pallidicinctus) Varies Among Ecoregions and Breeding Stages

Large-scale declines of grassland ecosystems in the conterminous United States since European settlement have led to substantial loss and fragmentation of lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) habitat and decreased their occupied range and population numbers by ∼85%. Breeding season space use is an important component of lesser prairie-chicken conservation, because it could affect both local carrying capacity and population dynamics. Previous estimates of breeding season space use are largely limited to one of the four currently occupied ecoregions, but potential extrinsic drivers of breeding space use, such as landscape fragmentation, vegetation structure and composition, and density of anthropogenic structures, can show large spatial variation. Moreover, habitat needs vary greatly among the lekking/prelaying, nesting, brood-rearing, and postbreeding stages of the breeding season, but space use by female lesser prairie-chickens during these stages remain relatively unclear. We tested whether home range area and daily displacement (the net distance between the first and last location of each day) of female lesser prairie-chickens varied among ecoregions and breeding stages at four study sites in Kansas and Colorado, U.S.A., representing three of the four currently occupied ecoregions. We equipped females with very-high-frequency (VHF) or Global Positioning System (GPS) transmitters, and estimated home range area with kernel density estimators or biased random bridge models, respectively. Across all ecoregions, breeding season home range area averaged 190.4 ha (±19.1 ha se) for birds with VHF and 283.6 ha (±23.1 ha) for birds with GPS transmitters, whereas daily displacement averaged 374.8 m (±14.3 m). Average home range area and daily displacement of bird with GPS transmitters were greater in the Short-Grass Prairie/ Conservation Reserve Program Mosaic and Sand Sagebrush Prairie Ecoregions compared to sites in the Mixed-Grass Prairie Ecoregion. Home range area and daily displacement were greatest during lekking/prelaying and smallest during the brood-rearing stage, when female movements were restricted by mobility of chicks. Ecoregion- and breeding stage-specific estimates of space use by lesser prairie-chickens will help managers determine the spatial configuration of breeding stage-specific habitat on the landscape. Furthermore, ecoregion- and breeding stage-specific estimates are crucial when estimating the amount of breeding habitat needed for lesser prairie-chicken populations to persist.
Implementation and providers' views of a pharmacist clinician on an inpatient infectious diseases consult service at an academic medical center

Introduction With the ongoing physician shortage in the field of infectious diseases (ID), innovative models to care are needed to satisfy health care requirements, especially as we face the growing demand of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In New Mexico, Pharmacist Clinicians (PhC) are uniquely fitted to aid ID physicians through additional training and licensing that allows for a collaborative practice model. Objectives The primary objective of this study is to describe the integration of a PhC with a rounding ID attending, utilizing an innovative practice model at an academic medical center, and report providers' views as related to this new position. Methods This was a survey study directed toward primary treating teams and ID attendings, conducted after six months of the creation of the PhC position. One survey was designed specifically for primary treating teams and another survey for ID attendings only. Primary team providers were identified through a log kept by the PhC for every patient intervention. All providers were contacted via e-mail using the REDCap system to evaluate the PhC's communication and ID knowledge by answering three to five multiple choice questions. A quantitative method was used for data analysis. Results Sixty-one (56.5%) providers responded to the surveys. Overall, primary team respondents gave a positive valuation of the position. ID attendings also generally approved of the position and had a similar view to that of the primary teams. The PhC was found to be effective by 92.5% of respondents. The lowest scoring area was the physical exam. There was no significant difference when comparing responses between primary teams and ID attendings. Conclusion An inpatient pharmacist clinician is able to manage complex ID patients to the satisfaction of both ID physicians and members of the primary treating teams in an academic medical center.
The Ethics of Lying in the Public Interest: Reflections on the "Just Lie"

There is perhaps no more controversial issue in assessing the limits of political and administrative discretion than whether it is ever ethical for an official to lie in the public interest. While cringing at the thought of legitimating mendacity by public officials, recall the admonition of Michael Walzer that "no one succeeds in politics without getting their hands dirty." This article looks first at the defense of official deception as classically articulated by Machiavelli and Walzer. It then examines the case against lying presented by Sissela Bok and Maureen Ramsay, with a focus on Ramsay's arguments against the "just lie" theory. The article defends the feasibility of the theory by applying its standards to a case based on administrative experience where recourse to deception appears to have achieved a good result.
Parent and child reports of asthma symptoms, activity limitations and emotional distress: Early results from the child health information reporting project (CHIRP)

Abstract Rationale The issue of collecting data from children versus parental proxies is currently under debate. CHIRP examines differences in parent and child report on an asthma-specific instrument. Methods Children (ages 7-16) and their parents completed questionnaires including the Children's Health Survey for Asthma (CHSA). This report is based on data from 100 completed child/parent dyads. The instrument was self-completed by parents; interviewer-administered to children. Results 59% of the sample were males; mean child age was 10.6 years (range=7-16); 56% of children were Black/African American. Over half of all parents reported their child's asthma as moderate to severe; 64% characterized the child's asthma as intermittent. Child ratings of symptoms "at least some of the time" ranged from a high of 39% (cough) to a low of (17%). Overall, parental ratings of symptomatology were generally higher than those of child respondents. Parent and child assessments of activity limitations due to asthma were fairly similar – nearly 1/3 reported at least some limitations in strenuous activities. In general, differences in reports of emotional distress were most pronounced between parents and children. Parents consistently rated children as more frustrated and upset about asthma and asthma treatments than did child participants. Conclusions Child and parent reports regarding asthma-related symptoms, activity limits and emotional burden may differ in key areas, further emphasizing the need to understand children's ability at different ages to act as reporters of their own health status.
Understanding common priors under incomplete information

The Common Prior Assumption (CPA) plays an important role in game theory and the economics of information. It is the basic assumption behind decision-theoretic justifications of equilibrium reasoning in games (Aumann, 1987, Aumann and Brandenburger, 1995) and no-trade results with asymmetric information (Milgrom and Stokey, 1982). Recently several authors (Dekel and Gul, 1997, Gul, 1996, Lipman, 1995) have questioned whether the CPA is meaningful in situations of incomplete information, where there is no ex ante stage and where the primitives of the model are the individuals' beliefs about the external world (their first-order beliefs), their beliefs about the other individuals' beliefs (second-order beliefs), etc., i.e. their hierarchies of beliefs. In this context, the CPA is a mathematical property whose conceptual content is not clear. The main results of this paper (Theorems 1 and 2) provide a characterization of Harsanyi consistency in terms of properties of the belief hierarchies that are entirely unrelated to the idea of an ex ante stage.
The Legal Enforcement of Morality

In this encyclopedia entry I deal briefly with whether the immorality of conduct is a necessary condition for its criminal prohibition, and then at greater length with the more controversial question of whether conduct's immorality is a sufficient condition for its criminal prohibition. On the latter question, I present and then critique the "liberal" views of J.S. Mill, Joel Feinberg, H.L.A. Hart, and Jonathan Schonsheck, the "liberal perfectionist" views of Michael Moore and Joseph Raz, and the conservative views of Patrick Devlin. I also discuss the relation between the criminal proscription of offensive conduct and the criminal proscription of "harmless immoralities".
Pneumatic conveying: transport solutions, pitfalls, and measurements

To understand any phenomenon one needs to know how to measure it. This phrase was borrowed from Lord Kelvin who made this observation years ago. Pneumatic conveying is a phenomenon that holds to this principle. For over more than the 100 years that the technology has been employed, one has seen a variety of studies conducted to further understand the basic principles of the process. The first attempts to measure used the standard single phase flow techniques. While these methods have been useful and applicable to the single phase, one finds them woefully inadequate for gas-solid system analysis. It is appears that the prime concern in pneumatic conveying is to use a technique that is nonintrusive in nature lest the instrument itself gets damaged by bombardment of the solid particles. Pneumatic conveying, while having been practiced for a long time and having many advantages, has some precautions that must be noted to have a trouble-free environment for the system. The flow patterns that are seen for the gas and solid systems are different than those for a single phase operation. This difference is the cause of many problems with loss in down time and damage to equipment. Many developments have occurred over the past several years with the newer computer-based applications opening tremendous potential for the practitioner. Artificial intelligence can eliminate many of the common pitfalls in operations and designs. Some exciting newer measurement concepts permit nonintrusive applications to be applied to pneumatic conveying.
Abstract 19396: Impaired Autonomic Modulation During the Valsalva Maneuver Predicts Ischemia in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Introduction: Previous studies have found that lower resting short-term heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic dysfunction, predicts adverse cardiac events. Abnormal autonomic function may precipitate myocardial ischemia. Physiologic challenges like Valsalva and deep breathing may also provide important data by modulating preload/afterload and stimulating various autonomic receptors. Methods: We examined autonomic function in 166 patients with CAD using the ANSAR method (ANX 3.0, ANSAR Inc. Philadelphia, PA). HRV was measured in the sitting position, standing position, during deep breathing, and during Valsalva. After ANSAR testing, patients underwent 99m Tc[[Unable to Display Character: ‐]]sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging at rest and with exercise or pharmacological stress. A summed difference score (SDS) was computed to quantify ischemia using a 17-segment model with observer-independent software. Multivariable models adjusted for CAD risk factors, psychiatric comorbidities, and medications. Results: The mean (SD) age was 62 (9) years, 75% were men, and 31% had ischemia (SDS ≥ 4). Both low (LF) and high (HF) frequency HRV during all 4 conditions were associated with ischemia in unadjusted models (table), but after multivariable adjustment, only LF and HF HRV during Valsalva and deep breathing were still associated with ischemia. The strongest association was found with LF HRV during Valsalva, such that every 10% decrease in LF HRV during Valsalva (p=0.003, adjusted) associated with a 1 point increase in SDS. When dividing patients into 4 categories of SDS score (0, 1-3, 4-7, ≥ 8), the SDS ≥ 8 category had a lower LF HRV during Valsalva than all other categories, most notably compared to SDS=0 (78% reduction in LF HRV). Conclusion: Low HF and LF HRV are associated with increased risk of myocardial ischemia in CAD patients. Most notably, autonomic inflexibility during Valsalva may help uncover underlying vulnerabilities in autonomic reflexes that predict ischemia burden.
Digging Up Fresh Clues About the Origin of Mammals

Whereas evolutionary biologists studying mammals have the advantage of being able to analyze living specimens of the three mammalian subgroups (monotremes, marsupials, and placentals), paleontologists interested in mammalian ancestors have had to make do with limited fragments of fossil skeletons. As Wyss explains in his Perspective, the finding of a beautifully preserved mammaliaform fossil in China, called Hadrocodium, is set to change our views about the morphological features that characterize modern-day mammals and their ancient ancestors.
The size of power automata

We describe a class of simple transitive semiautomata that exhibit full exponential blow-up during deterministic simulation. For arbitrary semiautomata we show that it is PSPACE-complete to decide whether the size of the accessible part of their power automata exceeds a given bound. We comment on the application of these results to the study of cellular automata.
IMPROVING EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS ON THE AUTISM SPECTRUM

As the number of diagnosed cases of [Autism Spectrum Disorder] ASD increases, school professionals must consider not only efficacious teaching approaches for improving academic goals, but also what systems must be in place to address one of the most important jobs of the school systems: preparing capable citizens. For more than 160 years, schools have been tasked with preparing good citizens who are capable of contributing to society through work. Given the fact that schools have been required to provide appropriate educational programming to students with disabilities for decades and that this includes planning for the transition to adulthood, the staggeringly poor employment outcomes of individuals on the autism spectrum should be a cause for concern. The present article reviews the significant problem of unemployment as well as employment supports for individuals with ASD. These supports include both the natural supports (scaffolding to enhance success in obtaining and maintaining employment) as well as technological advances that may minimize ostracization in the workplace. Lastly, recommendations for school psychologists who seek to play a vital role in this critical area are offered.
Immunization as a maxmin strategy

The purpose of this paper is to broaden the analysis of immunization when it is viewed as amaxmin strategy. Several results are demonstrated which provide a new interpretation of maxmin strategy by using a more general theory of Lagrangians. We clarify the exact assumptions required for the duration strategy and the maxmin strategy to be equivalent in a world with taxes. It is shown that in a world with taxes the immunization strategy requires the portfolio to satisfy a constraint about the bond to be included, in addition to the duration constraint.
Testing for hydrogen environment embrittlement - Experimental variables

Hydrogen embrittlement is classified into three types: internal reversible hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen reaction embrittlement, and hydrogen environment embrittlement. Characteristics of and materials embrittled by these types of hydrogen embrittlement are discussed. Hydrogen environment embrittlement is reviewed in detail. Factors involved in standardizing test methods for detecting the occurrence of and evaluating the severity of hydrogen environment embrittlement are considered. The effects of test technique, hydrogen pressure, gas purity, strain rate, stress concentration factor, and test temperature are discussed.
A Fungal Achilles' Heel

The ability of pathogenic microbes to rapidly acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents is a serious threat to human health. In a Perspective, Heitman discusses the study by Cowen and Lindquist (in this issue) that defines a role for two proteins, Hsp90 and calcineurin, in drug tolerance and resistance in pathogenic fungi, providing a novel therapeutic foothold.