cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coaggregation of Candida albicans with oral Fusobacterium species

Nine strains of oral Fusobacterium were examined for their ability to coaggregate in vitro with four strains of the oral yeast. Candida albicans. All of the Fusobacterium nucleatum strains and Fusobacterium periodontium and Fusobacterium sulci coaggregated to various degrees with all of the Candida strains. Fusobacterium alocis, Fusobacterium mortiferum and Fusobactrium simiae strains did not coaggregate with any of the Candida strains. Exposure of the coaggregating Fusobacterium strains but not the Candida strains to heat, trypsin, and proteinase K eliminated coaggregation. Amphotericin B or trichodermin treatment of the yeast species had no effect. The reactions were inhibited by addition of 0.1 M mannose, glucosamine and alpha-methyl mannoside. All coaggregating pairs were disaggregated by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate, but nonionic detergents had no effect. The addition of 2.0 M urea completely reversed coaggregation. Candida strains were sensitive to periodate oxidation, whereas the Fusobacterium strains were stable to this treatment. All coaggregations occurred in the presence of saliva and appeared stronger than in buffer. These data suggest that the coaggregations involve either a protein or glycoprotein on the Fusobacterium surface, which may interact with carbohydrates or carbohydrate-containing molecules on the surface of the Candida. These observations expand the known range of intergeneric coaggregations occurring between human oral microbes and indicate that coaggregation of C. albicans and Fusobacterium species may be an important factor in oral colonization by this yeast. The authors believe this to be the first description of coaggregation concerning a carbohydrate component on the yeast cell and a protein component on the oral bacterial cell.
The Transformation of Traditional Agriculture: A Case Study of Punjab, India

HE PURPOSE of this paper is to report the results of a dynamic regional model of agricultural production response, developed and applied to traditional agriculture, which (1) is based on the already tested notions of economic rationality and price responsiveness in traditional agriculture; (2) incorporates several categories of response forces already studied in the case of developed agriculture; and (3) includes in an essential way the features of subsistence production and household-firm interdependence that are central to the study of production response in traditional agriculture. Specifically, recursive linear programming and activity analysis are used to analyze and simulate the production, consumption, and investment decisions of subsistence farmers in a given region. The result is an improved understanding of the process of agriculture in transition and an operationally tested method for projecting future development. There is growing evidence of the recent transformation of the agricultural sectors of such diverse economies as Israel, Nigeria, West Pakistan, India, the Philippines, Tanganyika, and Thailand [18]. These vast agricultural transformations offer an excellent opportunity to enhance our understanding of the process of development. The purpose of this study was to investigate some of the factors and conditions responsible for one of these transformations, not in its generality, but in great detail. While agricultural development remains at the center of development theory and policy, only recently has attention been given to the empirical investigation of its role in the LDC's. Though some investigations stress the importance of agricultural exports as a point of departure in the LDC's, the more fundamental problems are those associated with agricultural production response, since agricultural exports, whatever their role, cannot increase without an increase in agricultural production. A large part of the empirical work done so far on production response in the LDC's touches on a very important aspect: whether peasants in traditional or near-traditional agriculture respond to market opportunities. These studies have shown that agricultural production of specific commodities in specific LDC's is price responsive, especially when account is taken of adjustment lags due to uncertainty and the quasi-fixity of capital stocks. They show that the form and direction of this response is consistent with price theory, so that we can expect market incentives to play an important role in the transformation of traditional agriculture. These empirical findings clearly refute those who believe that cultural and institutional re-
Associations between dietary intake and Ki-ras mutations in colon tumors: A population-based study

Ki-ras mutations are thought to be early events in the carcinogenic process leading to colon tumors. Dietary factors associated with colon cancer may be associated with these mutations. Data from a population-based, multicenter, case-control study of colon cancer were used to determine whether dietary factors are associated with Ki-ras mutations. Ki-ras mutations were detected by direct sequencing of codons 12 and 13 of the Ki-ras gene on exon 1 from DNA obtained from archival tissue. Ki-ras data were available for 1428 cases with valid interview data; data from 2410 controls were available for comparison with cases positive and negative for Ki-ras mutations. Mutations in the Ki-ras gene were detected in 32% of tumors. Of these mutations, 32.8% were G-->A transitions in the second base of codon 12 (2G-->A). Other than cruciferous vegetables, there were no nutrients or foods associated specifically with Ki-ras mutations [odds ratio (OR) for high intake relative to low intake, 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5-1.0]. However, evaluation of specific types of Ki-ras mutations revealed that for each of the most common types of mutation, dietary associations existed. Dietary factors involved in DNA methylation pathways were associated with 2G-->A mutations. Comparison of individuals with and without Ki-ras mutations revealed that individuals with low levels of dietary folate (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.4-1.3), vitamin B6 (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-1.0), vitamin B12 (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.1), and high levels of alcohol (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.4-1.1) were less likely to have a 2G-->A mutation. Individuals with high levels of dietary carbohydrate (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 0.9-4.4) and a high glycemic index (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.8-4.6) were more likely to have a G-->A transition mutation in the second base of codon 13 (5G-->A). Individuals with high levels of dietary fat (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.8-3.2), saturated fat (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.8-3.5), and monounsaturated fat (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0-3.7) were more likely to harbor a 2G-->T mutation. Low levels of cruciferous vegetable intake and high levels of processed meat intake also were associated with fewer 5G-->A, as reflected by the ORs (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-1.0 and OR, 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.8, respectively). These data suggest that diet may be involved in disease pathways represented by specific Ki-ras mutations. However, given the limited information currently available on associations between specific genetic mutations in colon tumors and diet, these findings also should be viewed as hypothesis generating.
Exact training of a neural syntactic language model

The structured language model (SLM) aims at predicting the next word in a given word string by making a syntactical analysis of the preceding words. However, it faces the data sparseness problem because of the large dimensionality and diversity of the information available in the syntactic parsing. Previously, we proposed using neural network models for the SLM (Emami, A. et al., Proc. ICASSP, 2003; Emami, Proc. EUROSPEECH'03., 2003). The neural network model is better suited to tackle the data sparseness problem and its use gave significant improvements in perplexity and word error rate over the baseline SLM. We present a new method of training the neural net based SLM. This procedure makes use of the partial parsing hypothesized by the SLM itself, and is more expensive than the approximate training method used previously. Experiments with the new training method on the UPenn and WSJ corpora show significant reductions in perplexity and word error rate, achieving the lowest published results for the given corpora.
A CMOS frequency-mixing transimpedance amplifier with 5nA rms input noise for frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy

A novel frequency mixing transimpedance amplifier (FM-TIA) is proposed and implemented in 0.18μm CMOS for low-noise detection of sinusoidally-modulated optical signals in frequency-domain near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy instrumentation. The FM-TIA topology employs a T-feedback resistor network incorporating gate-controlled transistors for resistance modulation, enabling operation in both wideband and frequency-mixing mode. In wideband mode, the TIA achieves a transimpedance gain of 110 (dBΩ, 263 MHz bandwidth, 230 nA rms total integrated input current noise and 1 dB compression point of 1.65 μA for 4pF photodiode capacitance. In frequency-mixing mode, the amplifier is capable of directly downcon-verting and amplifying photocurrent signals generated by near-infrared excitation light modulated at 100 MHz. The FM-TIA obtains 5 nA rms input noise, current-to-voltage conversion gain of 93dBQ, and ldB compression point of 1.1 μA with up to 47 dB dynamic range. The amplifier consumes only 22 mW of power from a 1.8 V supply.
Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir.

*Founder and Contributing Editor, The Formulary; †Drug Information Intern, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University Spokane; ‡Clinical Professor, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University; §Director, Drug Information Center, and Professor of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University Spokane, PO Box 1495, Spokane, Washington 99210-1495. The authors indicate no relationships that could be perceived as a conflict of interest. Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. A drug class review is now published monthly with The Formulary Monograph Service. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The May 2015 monograph topics are palbociclib, lenvatinib, nivolumab, ferric pyrophosphate citrate solution, and secukinumab. The Safety MUE is on non-opioid injectable pain or fever medications.
Progresos y retrocesos del desarrollo económico de Chile en los gobiernos de la Concertación: 1990-2009

En este articulo se examinan las politicas economicas y sus efectos en los cuatro gobiernos de la Concertacion de Partidos por la Democracia, en 1990-2009. Se comprueba que en esos dos decenios se logro reducir significativamente la brecha de ingreso por habitante con las economias mas desarrolladas y reducir, moderadamente, la desigualdad del ingreso heredadas de la dictadura. Sin embargo, la fuerte velocidad del progreso en los primeros anos de retorno a la democracia (un crecimiento per capita de 5.4% anual en 1990-1998), disminuyo de manera significativa en los anos siguientes (a 2.3% en 1999-2009). La causa principal se situa en un cambio fundamental en las politicas macroeconomicas y en la persistente ausencia de politicas de desarrollo productivo, crecientemente relevantes al avanzar a traves de etapas intermedias de desarrollo. Con todo, durante los dos decenios, el crecimiento per capita fue notablemente superior al registrado durante la dictadura (1.3% en 1974-1989 con acrecentada desigualdad, versus 3.7% y cierta reduccion de la desigualdad en 1990-2009
Dermal Urea-Soluble Collagen∗:

SummaryWe estimated the yield and cross-linking of dermal urea soluble collagen as it relates to the process of aging. Twenty skin specimens, ranging in age from a 6-month-fetus to a 70-year-old man were successively extracted with 1 M NaCl, 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 3.8, and 6M urea, pH 7.0 Distribution of alpha and beta chains, without previous heat denaturation was studied by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The yield was as follows: fetuses 63-116 mg/gm (dry wt. dermis); 8 to above 60 years, 16-41 mg/gm. There was about 40% alpha and 60% beta chains. The alpha:beta ratio was 0.64 ± 0.14 for all specimens. In the alpha region, 3 distinct bands were noted suggesting a third subunit. Urea-soluble collagen represents a larger and more cross-linked fraction than the salt and acid soluble collagens and decreases with aging.
House Fly Control and Insecticide Resistance with Continued Use of Diazinon, Ronnel, and Dimethoate

House fly, Musca domestica L., control and development of resistance was studied in Somerset and Hunterdon Counties, New Jersey, from 1962 to 1966, using 0.5 and 1.0% residual treatments with diazinon, ronnel, and dimethoate. Control varied from 0 to 86 and 0 to 56 days with 0.5 and 1.0% diazinon, respectively; from 0 to 7; and 38 to 87 days with 0.5 and 1.0% ronnel, and 0 to 69 and 15 to 91 days with 0.5 and 1.0% dimethoate. Resistance to diazinon, ronnel, malathion, dimethoate, lindane, and DDT was greatest in barns sprayed with diazinon. Use of ronnel did not result in high ronnel were obtained where 1% insecticide was used. Flies reared from manure collected in treated barns were generally equal to or more resistant than adult flies collected from the same barns. Flies collected in these barns and exposed on surfaces in the barn also showed high levels of resistance. Resistance decreased with flies tested late in the season. Overwintering spray deposits of diazinon were still toxic to susceptible flies the following spring but most of the ronnel and dimethoate were lost. Sanitation and weather conditions greatly affect breeding conditions and these in turn affect fly numbers. Resistance increases in the summer, depending on these conditions and insecticide use, and decrease somewhat in winter months when the levels are measured in the fly population as a whole. SD 8447 (2-chloro-l-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate) gave control for 42 to 71 days and shows promise as a new material. Mobil MC-A-600 (benzo[b]thien-4-yl methylcarbamate) gave control for 10 to 26 days and turned an unsightly blue-gray color when in the presence of lime whitewash. Roth materials were applied at 1%.
Modeling Fuel and EGR Effects under Conventional and Low Temperature Combustion Conditions

Precise combustion control and a wider operating load range are the two major challenges in the application of advanced combustion modes, as the combustion process is chemical kinetically driven and thus is sensitive to the fuel composition. Although diesel fuels are complex multicomponent mixtures, most previous research has been carried out using simple single- or two-component surrogate models. This assumption leads to inaccuracies when modeling advanced combustion systems due to differences between the model and real fuel compositions. The present study proposes multicomponent surrogate models for three different diesel fuels that mimic the compositions and property variations of European and American diesel fuels. The composition of the surrogate fuels were arrived at by modeling the distillation data of the three fuels to within 1.5% maximum absolute error. The developed surrogate models were then applied to predict the combustion and emission characteristics of the three fuels tested in a single cy...
Anthropogenic impacts drive niche and conservation metrics of a cryptic rattlesnake on the Colorado Plateau of western North America

Ecosystems transition quickly in the Anthropocene, whereas biodiversity adapts more slowly. Here we simulated a shifting woodland ecosystem on the Colorado Plateau of western North America by using as its proxy over space and time the fundamental niche of the Arizona black rattlesnake ( Crotalus cerberus ). We found an expansive (= end-of-Pleistocene) range that contracted sharply (= present), but is blocked topographically by Grand Canyon/Colorado River as it shifts predictably northwestward under moderate climate change (= 2080). Vulnerability to contemporary wildfire was quantified from available records, with forested area reduced more than 27% over 13 years. Both ‘ecosystem metrics9 underscore how climate and wildfire are rapidly converting the Plateau ecosystem into novel habitat. To gauge potential effects on C. cerberus , we derived a series of relevant ‘conservation metrics9 (i.e. genetic variability, dispersal capacity, effective population size) by sequencing 118 individuals across 846 bp of mitochondrial (mt)DNA-ATPase8/6. We identified five significantly different clades (net sequence divergence = 2.2%) isolated by drainage/topography, with low dispersal ( F ST = 0.82) and small sizes (2 N ef = 5.2). Our compiled metrics (i.e. small-populations, topographic-isolation, low-dispersal versus conserved-niche, vulnerable-ecosystem, dispersal barriers) underscore the susceptibility of this woodland specialist to a climate and wildfire tandem. We offer adaptive management scenarios that may counterbalance these metrics and avoid the extirpation of this and other highly specialized, relictual woodland clades.
Investigation on 378 cases of HIV voluntary counseling and testing in Shihezi City

[Objective]To know the current situation of HIV voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) in Shihezi City,provide the references for AIDS prevention and control.[Methods]The registration forms of VCT cases were collected from January 2009 to June 2011.The basic situation,reasons of consultation and test results of consultants were analyzed statistically.[Results] 367 of 378(97.1%) consultants received the HIV antibody detection,and there were 53 positive cases with the HIV infection rate of 14.4%.The male-to-female ratio of consultants was 2.99∶ 1.78.0% of consultants were people aged 17-45 years old,the average age was 34 years old,and 54.0% were married.31.8% had a bachelor's degree or higher,which accounted for the highest proportion.In reasons of consultation,61.9% had high risk behavior,and sexual transmission accounted for 55.8%.HIV infection rate in females was higher than that in males,and the infection rate of people with lower education level was higher than that of people with higher education level.[Conclusion]The major transmission route of HIV in Shihezi City is sexual contact.In the future,it is necessary to carry out the special health education and outreach services in different populations,promote the population with high risk behavior actively receive VCT service,so as to play its role.
Theory and practice in continuing medical education.

Introduction Continuing medical education (CME) represents the final and often most poorly understood stage of physician education. The understanding of contemporary theories of physician education and characteristics of effective CME interventions will help CME providers and physician learners to plan productive CME activities and improve learning. This article aims to provide readers with emerging evidences on effective CME, particularly in relation to theories of physician learning and their implications for CME planning. The article also summarises attributes of effective CME interventions. Methods The data and evidence were collected from contemporary medical education journals and published books on medical education. Two electronic databases, Medline and ERIC (Educational Research Information Clearinghouse) were searched for suitable articles. Results Physician learning is a distinct phenomenon with high inclination towards autonomy and self-directed learning. CME interventions are more likely to be fruitful if they are modelled with strong theoretical background, catered towards individual learning needs and preferences, and focused on the learning component of education. Many widely practised CME interventions fail to be effective as those are not based on the above principles. Conclusion Evidence suggests that careful planning and evaluation of CME will improve the key measure of physician's performance and health care outcome.
Measuring Seriousness of Hospital Quality of Care Issues

Article-at-a-Glance Background A 1995 article showed that the discipline of the person who determines what constitutes a serious quality of care issue is significantly associated with the type of issues identified as serious. Moreover, what is a serious issue for one organization or provider may be a minor issue for another. Methods Six hundred hospital administrators, physicians, nurses, and quality managers in 72 hospitals rated the seriousness of issues they had identified in their own hospitals. A panel of 90 external hospital administrators, physicians, and quality managers rated a condensed set of the same issues. Results Across all the hospitals, internal scores were significantly lower (less serious) than external scores. Internal respondents consistently rated issues identified in their hospital lower than did external raters. The mean internal rating was .60 times the score for the anchor issue ("late lab or x-ray results," assigned a score of 300), while the mean external rating was 1.73 times the anchor score. Discussion Convergence of internal and external perceptions of the seriousness of quality of care issues in hospitals cannot be assumed. This raises questions about the effects of applying external judgments on seriousness of quality of care issues, such as those used in report cards or other external reports on hospital quality of care. Conclusion There is greater conformity of viewpoint when respondents are asked to adopt an industrywide perspective rather than an internal one. External raters are more likely to consider problems serious than are internal raters, possibly because they do not have local knowledge of mitigating circumstances.
SU-F-R-06: Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury Imaging, Developing a Coherent Clinical Protocol From Literature Review Through Practice

Purpose: Medical Physics teams can now play a critical role to help plan and provide studied approaches for traumatic brachial plexus MR imaging (tbpMRI). This is especially important for coordination with uncommon applications, since it is challenging to select the right modality, parameters, and train technologists on the essential components. For this work, we started with a review of the medical literature, performed crossover/volunteer studies to bring tbpMRI to practice with greater image QC and protocol management. Methods: To the best of our knowledge, we reviewed the known searchable domain for tbpMRI. We found 69 total articles since 2000. Articles were evaluated with our published protocol for literature management (LIMES3). Two physicists and two radiologists condensed the information from all articles into a knowledgebase. Results: The initial literature demonstrated great heterogeneity, which was a sign that this area needed greater consistency. Despite inconsistency and imprecision, we extracted the most relevant targets using our long-term experience with protocol development in MSK. We ran volunteers on six different magnets of various field strengths with multiple receiver coils, and rebuilt a coherent protocol for tbpMRI. Our radiologists rated LIMES3 work as superior. We have received referrals from the ER and have conducted four patient evaluations. Conclusion: Traumatic brachial plexus MRI has great possible benefits for patients. This work supports the complexity of tbpMRI scanning. As this is rarely performed, it requires a more diligent protocol workflow, coordination of caregivers, and education within multiple clinical departments. Choosing the correct imaging exam can be critical, as patients can have significant neuropathy and/or paralysis. The LIMES3 protocol is well liked at our institution, and forms the cornerstone of understanding for our work. Our literature management led to a better clinical protocol creation despite the diffuse and inconclusive information presented in the existing medical literature.
Effects of sea ice cover on satellite-detected primary production in the Arctic Ocean

The influence of decreasing Arctic sea ice on net primary production (NPP) in the Arctic Ocean has been considered in multiple publications but is not well constrained owing to the potentially large errors in satellite algorithms. In particular, the Arctic Ocean is rich in coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) that interferes in the detection of chlorophyll a concentration of the standard algorithm, which is the primary input to NPP models. We used the quasi-analytic algorithm (Lee et al . 2002 Appl. Opti. 41 , 5755−5772. ([doi:10.1364/AO.41.005755][1])) that separates absorption by phytoplankton from absorption by CDOM and detrital matter. We merged satellite data from multiple satellite sensors and created a 19 year time series (1997–2015) of NPP. During this period, both the estimated annual total and the summer monthly maximum pan-Arctic NPP increased by about 47%. Positive monthly anomalies in NPP are highly correlated with positive anomalies in open water area during the summer months. Following the earlier ice retreat, the start of the high-productivity season has become earlier, e.g. at a mean rate of −3.0 d yr−1 in the northern Barents Sea, and the length of the high-productivity period has increased from 15 days in 1998 to 62 days in 2015. While in some areas, the termination of the productive season has been extended, owing to delayed ice formation, the termination has also become earlier in other areas, likely owing to limited nutrients. [1]: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.41.005755
Impact of a light rail extension on residential property values

Abstract Previous work has examined a new light-rail line or upgrades to existing rail infrastructure. However, the following is the first examination of the value of an extension of a light-rail line. The analysis relies on repeat sales of houses in Bayonne, New Jersey, where the first sale occurred before the 2008 announcement of a southern extension to the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail to 8th Street in Bayonne, and the second sale occurred after the opening of the station in 2011. Our results show that the 8th Street Station had no statistically significant impact on annual house price appreciation. That is, we find no evidence that properties closer to the station showed more price appreciation than properties further from the station.
Tundra is a consistent source of CO2 at a site with progressive permafrost thaw during 6 years of chamber and eddy covariance measurements

Current and future warming of high-latitude ecosystems will play an important role in climate change through feedbacks to the global carbon cycle. This study compares 6 years of CO2 flux measurements in moist acidic tundra using autochambers and eddy covariance (Tower) approaches. We found that the tundra was an annual source of CO2 to the atmosphere as indicated by net ecosystem exchange using both methods with a combined mean of 105 ± 17 g CO2 C m−2 y−1 across methods and years (Tower 87 ± 17 and Autochamber 123 ± 14). The difference between methods was largest early in the observation period, with Autochambers indicated a greater CO2 source to the atmosphere. This discrepancy diminished through time, and in the final year the Autochambers measured a greater sink strength than tower. Active layer thickness was a significant driver of net ecosystem carbon exchange, gross ecosystem primary productivity, and Reco and could account for differences between Autochamber and Tower. The stronger source initially attributed lower summer season gross primary production (GPP) during the first 3 years, coupled with lower ecosystem respiration (Reco) during the first year. The combined suppression of GPP and Reco in the first year of Autochamber measurements could be the result of the experimental setup. Root damage associated with Autochamber soil collar installation may have lowered the plant community's capacity to fix C, but recovered within 3 years. While this ecosystem was a consistent CO2 sink during the summer, CO2 emissions during the nonsummer months offset summer CO2 uptake each year.
Overexpression of SbMyb60 in Sorghum bicolor impacts both primary and secondary metabolism

Few transcription factors have been identified in C4 grasses that either positively or negatively regulate monolignol biosynthesis. Previously, the overexpression of SbMyb60 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has been shown to induce monolignol biosynthesis, which leads to elevated lignin deposition and altered cell wall composition. To determine how SbMyb60 overexpression impacts other metabolic pathways, RNA-Seq and metabolite profiling were performed on stalks and leaves. 35S::SbMyb60 was associated with the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways. The high coexpression values between SbMyb60 and genes assigned to these pathways indicate that SbMyb60 may directly induce their expression. In addition, 35S::SbMyb60 altered the expression of genes involved in nitrogen (N) assimilation and carbon (C) metabolism, which may redirect C and N towards monolignol biosynthesis. Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. However, SbMyb60 showed low coexpression values with these genes and is not likely to be a direct regulator of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. These findings indicate that SbMyb60 can activate pathways beyond monolignol biosynthesis, including those that synthesize the substrates and cofactors required for lignin biosynthesis.
Extended hierarchical solvent perturbations from curved surfaces of mesoporous silica particles in a deep eutectic solvent

Abstract Hypothesis Many applications of deep eutectic solvents (DES) rely on exploitation of their unique yet complex liquid structures. Due to the ionic nature of the DES components, their diffuse structures are perturbed in the presence of a charged surface. We hypothesize that it is possible to perturb the bulk DES structure far (>100 nm) from a curved, charged surface with mesoscopic dimensions. Experiments We performed in situ, synchrotron-based ultra-small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) experiments to study the solvent distribution near the surface of charged mesoporous silica particles (MPS) (≈0.5 µm in diameter) suspended in both water and a common type of DES (1:2 choline Cl-:ethylene glycol). Findings A careful USAXS analysis reveals that the perturbation of electron density distribution within the DES extends ≈1 μm beyond the particle surface, and that this perturbation can be manipulated by the addition of salt ions (AgCl). The concentration of the pore-filling fluid is greatly reduced in the DES. Notably, we extracted the real-space structures of these fluctuations from the USAXS data using a simulated annealing approach that does not require a priori knowledge about the scattering form factor, and can be generalized to a wide range of complex small-angle scattering problems.
The expression of fgfr3 in the zebrafish head

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is essential for many developmental processes and plays a pivotal role in skeletal homeostasis, regeneration and wound healing. FGF signals through one of five tyrosine kinase receptors: Fgfr1a, -1b, -2, -3, -4. To characterize the expression of zebrafish fgfr3 from the larval stage to adulthood, we used RNAscope in situ hybridization on paraffin sections of the zebrafish head. Our study revealed spatial and temporal distribution of fgfr3 transcript in chondrocytes of the head cartilages, osteoblasts involved in bone formation, ventricular zone of the brain, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the skin, and lens epithelium of the eye. In general, the expression pattern of zebrafish fgfr3 is similar to the expression observed in higher vertebrates.
Chemotherapy for Relapsed Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of the BFM Study Group

In recent years front-line therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood has been intensified in most international trials [1, 2, 3]. In Germany, intensive induction/consolidation and reinduction regimens have been applied since the mid seventies [4, 5, 6]. With these types of front-line therapy cure rates have now approached 70–75%. However, increasing success with more aggressive front-line protocols has led to challenges for effective salvage regimens for the 25% of children in whom the first treatment attempt has failed. Systematic trials for relapsed ALL have been carried out in the BFM study group since 1983.
Mice-to-men comparison of inhaled drug-aerosol deposition and clearance.

Abstract Part of the effective prediction of the pharmacokinetics of drugs (or toxic particles) requires extrapolation of experimental data sets from animal studies to humans. As the respiratory tracts of rodents and humans are anatomically very different, there is a need to study airflow and drug-aerosol deposition patterns in lung airways of these laboratory animals and compare them to those of human lungs. As a first step, interspecies computational comparison modeling of inhaled nano-to-micron size drugs (50 nm 15 μ m ) was performed using mouse and human upper airway models under realistic breathing conditions. Critical species-specific differences in lung physiology of the upper airways and subsequently in local drug deposition were simulated and analyzed. In addition, a hybrid modeling methodology, combining Computational Fluid-Particle Dynamics (CF-PD) simulations with deterministic lung deposition models, was developed and predicted total and regional drug-aerosol depositions in lung airways of both mouse and man were compared, accounting for the geometric, kinematic and dynamic differences. Interestingly, our results indicate that the total particle deposition fractions, especially for submicron particles, are comparable in rodent and human respiratory models for corresponding breathing conditions. However, care must be taken when extrapolating a given dosage as considerable differences were noted in the regional particle deposition pattern. Combined with the deposition model, the particle retention and clearance kinetics of deposited nanoparticles indicates that the clearance rate from the mouse lung is higher than that in the human lung. In summary, the presented computer simulation models provide detailed fluid-particle dynamics results for upper lung airways of representative human and mouse models with a comparative analysis of particle lung deposition data, including a novel mice-to-men correlation as well as a particle-clearance analysis both useful for pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies.
Perception of Older Adults Toward Smartwatch Technology for Assessing Pain and Related Patient-Reported Outcomes: Pilot Study

Background: Chronic pain, including arthritis, affects about 100 million adults in the United States. Complexity and diversity of the pain experience across time and people and its fluctuations across and within days show the need for valid pain reports that do not rely on patient’s long-term recall capability. Smartwatches can be used as digital ecological momentary assessment (EMA) tools for real-time collection of pain scores. Smartwatches are generally less expensive than smartphones, are highly portable, and have a simpler user interface, providing an excellent medium for continuous data collection and enabling a higher compliance rate. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes and perceptions of older adults towards design and technological aspects of a smartwatch framework for measuring patient report outcomes (PRO) as an EMA tool. Methods: A focus group session was conducted to explore the perception of participants towards smartwatch technology and its utility for PRO assessment. Participants included older adults (age 65+), with unilateral or bilateral symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. A preliminary user interface with server communication capability was developed and deployed on 10 Samsung Gear S3 smartwatches and provided to the users during the focus group. Pain was designated as the main PRO, while fatigue, mood, and sleep quality were included as auxiliary PROs. Pre-planned topics included participants’ attitude towards the smartwatch technology, usability of the custom-designed app interface, and suitability of the smartwatch technology for PRO assessment. Discussions were transcribed, and content analysis with theme characterization was performed to identify and code the major themes. Results: We recruited 19 participants (age 65+) who consented to take part in the focus group study. The overall attitude of the participants toward the smartwatch technology was positive. They showed interest in the direct phone-call capability, availability of extra apps such as the weather apps and sensors for tracking health and wellness such as accelerometer and heart rate sensor. Nearly three-quarters of participants showed willingness to participate in a one-year study to wear the watch daily. Concerns were raised regarding usability, including accessibility (larger icons), notification customization, and intuitive interface design (unambiguous icons and assessment scales). Participants expressed interest in using smartwatch technology for PRO assessment and the availability of methods for sharing data with health care providers. Conclusions: All participants had overall positive views of the smartwatch technology for measuring PROs to facilitate patient-provider communications and to provide more targeted treatments and interventions in the future. Usability concerns were the major issues that will require special consideration in future smartwatch PRO user interface designs, especially accessibility issues, notification design, and use of intuitive assessment scales.
Substance P and Inflammatory Pain: Getting It Wrong and Right Simultaneously.

How do neuropeptides participate in the classic neuroinflammatory sequelae of tissue injury that includes pain, immune cell infiltration, and swelling? In this issue of Neuron, Green et al. (2019) reveal that MrgprB2/MrgprX2 is a mast cell substance-P-specific receptor that critically links neural and immune systems and offers new approaches for neuroinflammatory therapeutics.
Pain Severity and Anxiety Sensitivity Interplay Among Exclusive and Dual Electronic Cigarette Users.

Objective:Although electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are an increasingly common form of substance use, there is little understanding of individual differences that may relate to such use. The pr...
UWB Differential Millimeter-Wave Phased Array

Recent advancements in differential Radio Frequency (RF) front-ends at millimeter-waves (mm-wave) create a need for high gain differentially fed arrays for 5G applications. In this paper, we present an ultra-wideband (UWB) mm-wave dual polarized Tightly Coupled Dipole Array (TCDA) with a novel differential feeding network. Notably, this differential TCDA (D-TCDA) is a low profile (thickness H = 1.85mm) and is developed for operation across K-Ka and 5G bands (viz. 26.4-79.4 GHz GHz) with low angle scanning. Full wave simulations show that the dual-polarized D-TCDA achieves 3.25:1 bandwidth with scanning to 45° at VSWR < 3 in both E and H planes in infinite array simulations.
Prospective cohort study of chemotherapy-associated toxicity and supportive care in oncology practice.

9135 Background: Neutropenic complications remain important dose-limiting toxicities of cancer chemotherapy associated with considerable morbidity, mortality and cost. The risk of the initial neutr...
Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic NDT Phenomena

Electromagnetic methods of nondestructive testing are used widely throughout industry for detecting defects in metal parts. A major stumbling block in the development of these techniques, particularly with regard to the study of automated defect characterization schemes, has been the lack of a suitable model capable of predicting the inherent complex field/defect interactions. This paper discusses the underlying physics of electromagnetic NDT methods, including those with active, residual and alternating current forms of excitation and shows how numerical approaches can be used as a basis for modeling the associated phenomena. Emphasis is placed on practical applications of finite element code to the simulation of electromagnetic NDT phenomena. The paper ends with a discussion of possible future research directions.
Educational characteristics and content of postgraduate nurse practitioner residency/fellowship programs

Background Nurse practitioner (NP) residency/fellowship programs are an emerging industry across the country. Purpose This study aimed to conduct an in-depth exploration about postgraduate NP residency/fellowship programs in the United States and to gain an understanding of program characteristics, educational content, and implementation methods to assist NPs to transition to practice. Methods This exploratory study used a quantitative design to conduct an online survey of program directors of NP residency/fellowship programs to collect data about program characteristics to assist graduates to transition to practice. Descriptive statistics were calculated for continuous variables, whereas frequency and percentage were calculated for categorical variables. Results Nurse practitioner residency/fellowship programs lack consistency in standards for educational content and delivery methods. Only 26% of the programs were accredited, and the programs were not consistently based on nationally recognized competencies. Ninety percent of the programs relied on didactic and clinical supervision delivery methods. More than 90% of the residents/fellows cared for adults older than 65 years of age and managed chronic diseases. Family Nurse Practitioner was the most commonly cited population track offered (73%). Nurse practitioner residency/fellowship programs are sparsely offered in the most rural states with underserved populations. Implications for practice This study provides data and insight into the emerging industry of postgraduate NP residency/training programs for educators and employers. In addition, it informs regulators and decision makers about the quality and consistency of programs and the impact of programs on the care delivered by new graduate NPs.
The case history in the colonies

The case history in the colonial context was a hybrid form, caught between bureaucratic pressures toward racialization, aggregation, and generalization, on the one hand, and the individualistic bia...
Self-reported quality of life scales in women undergoing oocyte freezing versus in vitro fertilization.

The objective of this study was to investigate stress levels among women undergoing elective oocyte cryopreservation by comparing their self-reported quality of life measures with women undergoing in vitro fertilization during the fertility treatment cycle. Patients undergoing oocyte retrieval at a single institution were offered a voluntary, anonymous, and written questionnaire. The survey was adapted and validated from the Fertility Quality of Life tool to assess self-reported fertility treatment-related problems and was tested for construct validity and reliability. Based on exploratory factor analyses, three subscales were created as follows: fertility treatment-related stress, tolerability, and environment. Relationships between patient characteristics and fertility treatment-related measures were examined with Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA, and multivariate regression with significance p < 0.05. A total of 461 patients (331 IVF, 130 egg freeze) were included in the analysis. Medically indicated egg freezing patients were excluded. Overall, both IVF and egg freeze patients reported stress during the current fertility cycle and there were no significant differences between IVF and egg freeze patients for any subscale scores. Three sets of generalized linear models were run and found age to be associated with fertility treatment-related stress and tolerability scores, with younger patients experiencing greater difficulties. Additionally, patients who underwent repeat cycles reported more fertility treatment-related stress. Patients undergoing egg freezing have similar responses to quality of life questions as patients undergoing IVF. Repeat cycles and younger age contribute to perceptions of stress. This information supports developing stress reduction strategies for all women undergoing egg freezing.
Tailoring Research Recruitment for Acute Care Settings: Recommendations from People with Dementia and their Caregivers.

Background There is a pressing need to increase enrollment and representation in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) research. Current recruitment approaches focus largely on clinic and community settings, with minimal engagement of acute care environments despite their broad use across diverse populations. The objectives of this study were to examine views, preferences, and recommendations regarding acute care-based ADRD research recruitment among persons with dementia and their caregivers. Methods The authors conducted semistructured interviews with recently hospitalized persons with dementia (N=3) and family caregivers (N=28). Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings All participants endorsed acute care as an appropriate time for recruitment into ADRD research studies and identified important elements of an appropriately tailored recruitment approach and an interpersonally effective research staff. Participants emphasized that this approach should consider the acute care context with respect to participant situation, uncertainty, and timing. Participant suggestions informed the design of a 5-step process to guide ADRD research recruitment in the context of acute care. Discussion Findings provide valuable insights from people with dementia and their caregivers regarding opportunities for research engagement surrounding acute care and can inform expanded recruitment in these settings.
'Birds of a Feather' Rico: Trying Partners in Crime Together

Throughout most of the 20th Century, the Mafia frustrated federal prosecutors. The law did not aid law enforcement in prosecuting large criminal enterprises. Before the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), prosecuting organized crime was "an awkward affair." The government's efforts in law enforcement and criminal prosecutions were ineffectual against sophisticated crime circles.When organized crime leaders were apprehended, the government often charged them for what seemed to be insignificant offenses. The larger meaning of these offenses was not exposed in court under common law evidentiary standards and procedural rules.As a result, courtroom drama never exposed the overarching picture of organized crime.