cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Conceptual History of Psychology: Exploring the Tangled Web

In the new edition of this original and penetrating book, John D. Greenwood provides an in-depth analysis of the subtle conceptual continuities and discontinuities that inform the history of psychology from the speculations of the Ancient Greeks to contemporary cognitive psychology. He also demonstrates the fashion in which different conceptions of human and animal psychology and behavior have become associated and disassociated over the centuries. Moving easily among psychology, history of science, physiology, and philosophy, Greenwood provides a critically challenging account of the development of psychology as a science. He relates the remarkable stories of the intellectual pioneers of modern psychology, while exploring the social and political milieu in which they operated, and dispels many of the myths of the history of psychology, based upon the best historical scholarship of recent decades. This is an impressive overview that will appeal to scholars and graduate students of the history of psychology.
SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF VESPER SPARROWS (POOECETES GRAMINEUS) TO WEST NILE VIRUS: A POTENTIAL AMPLIFICATION HOST IN SAGEBRUSH-GRASSLAND HABITAT

West Nile virus (WNV) spread to the US western plains states in 2003, when a significant mortality event attributed to WNV occurred in Greater Sage-grouse ( Centrocercus urophasianus ). The role of avian species inhabiting sagebrush in the amplification of WNV in arid and semiarid regions of the North America is unknown. We conducted an experimental WNV challenge study in Vesper Sparrows ( Pooecetes gramineus ), a species common to sagebrush and grassland habitats found throughout much of North America. We found Vesper Sparrows to be moderately susceptible to WNV, developing viremia considered sufficient to transmit WNV to feeding mosquitoes, but the majority of birds were capable of surviving infection and developing a humoral immune response to the WNV nonstructural 1 and envelope proteins. Despite clearance of viremia, after 6 mo, WNV was detected molecularly in three birds and cultured from one bird. Surviving Vesper Sparrows were resistant to reinfection 6 mo after the initial challenge. Vesper sparrows could play a role in the amplification of WNV in sagebrush habitat and other areas of their range, but rapid clearance of WNV may limit their importance as competent amplification hosts of WNV.
Induction of apolysis and cuticle formation in female Ornithodoros parkeri (Acari: Argasidae) by hemocoelic injections of beta-ecdysone.

A regulatory relationship of beta-ecdysone to apolysis and new cuticle formation in soft ticks (Argasidae) is shown. Five concentrations of beta-ecdysone (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 μg/μl olive oil) were injected into the hemocoels of virgin female Ornithodoros parkeri 48 h postfeeding. Apolysis and new epicuticle formation was induced by all concentrations of beta-ecdysone injected, with the percentage of ticks forming new cuticle increasing up to the 0.1 μg/μl oil concentration and decreasing slightly at the 1.0-and 10.0-μg concentrations. Mortality in some ticks was caused by doses of 0.1-, 1.0-, and 10.0-μg concentrations. No one has previously reported induction of apolysis and cuticle deposition as a result of injection of beta-ecdysone in ticks. Recently fed female 0. parkeri ticks might provide a useful bioassay of ecdysteroids.
Bridging the macroscopic and atomistic descriptions of the electrocaloric effect.

First-principles-based simulations are used to simulate the electrocaloric effect (ECE) in ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{TiO}}_{3}$ alloys. In analogy with experimental studies we simulate the effect directly and indirectly (via the use of Maxwell thermodynamics). Both direct and indirect simulations utilize the same atomistic framework that allows us to compare them in a systematic way and with an atomistic precision for the very first time. Such precise comparison allows us to provide a bridge between the atomistic and macroscopic descriptions of the ECE and identify the factors that may critically compromise or even destroy their equivalence. Our computational data reveal the intrinsic features of ECE in ferroelectrics with multiple ferroelectric transitions and confirm the potential of these materials to exhibit giant electrocaloric response. The coexistence of negative and positive ECE in one material as well as an unusual field-driven transition between them is predicted, explained at an atomistic level, and proposed as a potential way to enhance the electrocaloric efficiency.
Haploidentical Natural Killer Cells Infused before Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myeloid Malignancies: A Phase I Trial

Abstract Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment for high-risk myeloid malignancies, but relapse remains the major post-transplantation cause of treatment failure. Alloreactive natural killer (NK) cells mediate a potent antileukemic effect and may also enhance engraftment and reduce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Haploidentical transplantations provide a setting in which NK cell alloreactivity can be manipulated, but they are associated with high rates of GVHD. We performed a phase I study infusing escalating doses of NK cells from an HLA haploidentical–related donor—selected for alloreactivity when possible—as a component of the preparative regimen for allotransplantation from a separate HLA-identical donor. The goal of infusing third-party alloreactive NK cells was to augment the antileukemic effect of the transplantation without worsening GVHD and, thus, improve the overall outcome of hematopoietic transplantation. Twenty-one patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), or chronic myelogenous leukemia refractory or beyond first remission received a preparative regimen with busulfan and fludarabine followed by infusion of apheresis-derived, antibody-selected, and IL-2–activated NK cells. Doses were initially based on total nucleated cell (TNC) content and later based on CD56+ cells to reduce variability. CD56+ content ranged from .02 to 8.32 × 106/kg. IL-2, .5 × 106 units/m2 subcutaneously was administered daily for 5 days in the final cohort (n = 10). CD3+ cells in the NK cell product were required to be
Institutional Ecosystems of Housing Support in Chinese, Southeast Asian, and African Philadelphia

How has the diversity of post-1965 immigration to the United States influenced newcomers’ housing experiences and civil society’s housing support systems? Planning scholars have shown immigration’s role in revitalizing cities and housing markets, but we have done less to parse the variety of housing problems that immigrants experience and the ways civil society addresses them. This article examines the recent history of civil society organizations’ housing support strategies in Chinese, Southeast Asian, and African communities in Philadelphia. We find that the diversity within and between groups has shaped largely distinct “institutional ecosystems” and approaches to housing support.
A nonparametric quantity-of-quality approach to assessing financial asset return performance

This paper adapts two recent developments from the bibliometric literature to the problem of assessing the return performance of a financial asset. The result is a quantity-of-quality metric, which is both nonparametric and moment-free. As such, it offers a nonstandard perspective on the informational patterns in asset returns, and accordingly can complement traditional moment-based asset evaluation methods. The proposed approach is simple to apply, and while moment-free, captures intuitively important aspects of asset performance such as location, upside potential, downside risk, and volatility. It can also be expressed as a reward-to-risk ratio, which serves as a counterpart to the Sharpe ratio. Empirical and simulation results suggest that, relative to the Sharpe ratio, the proposed approach prefers assets with moderately higher means and standard deviations, and more favorable skewness.
Torsion subgroups of rational elliptic curves over the compositum of all D4 extensions of the rational numbers

Abstract Let E / Q be an elliptic curve and let Q ( D 4 ∞ ) be the compositum of all extensions of Q whose Galois closure has Galois group isomorphic to a quotient of a subdirect product of a finite number of transitive subgroups of D 4 . In this article we first show that Q ( D 4 ∞ ) is in fact the compositum of all D 4 extensions of Q and then we prove that the torsion subgroup of E ( Q ( D 4 ∞ ) ) is finite and determine the 24 possibilities for its structure. We also give a complete classification of the elliptic curves that have each possible torsion structure in terms of their j-invariants.
It’s not what you think: Perceptions regarding the usefulness of mathematics may hinder performance

The present study investigated the moderating effect of self-confidence in one’s ability to learn mathematics on the relation between beliefs about its usefulness and performance. The study was conducted using a sample of college students from an urban college in the Eastern US (N = 306). Moderation was tested using hierarchical regressions as well as the Johnson-Neyman Technique. The results indicate that performance and beliefs about the usefulness of mathematics were not statistically related amongst individuals with high self-confidence, and negatively related for participants with low self-confidence. The findings suggest that teaching approaches aiming to improve student performance in mathematics by enhancing student beliefs about its usefulness, would likely be more effective if they primarily focused on increasing student self-confidence in their mathematics ability.
Interactive exploration of design trade-offs

Typical design for manufacturing applications requires simultaneous optimization of conflicting performance objectives: Design variations that improve one performance metric may decrease another performance metric. In these scenarios, there is no unique optimal design but rather a set of designs that are optimal for different trade-offs (called Pareto-optimal). In this work, we propose a novel approach to discover the Pareto front, allowing designers to navigate the landscape of compromises efficiently. Our approach is based on a first-order approximation of the Pareto front, which allows entire neighborhoods rather than individual points on the Pareto front to be captured. In addition to allowing for efficient discovery of the Pareto front and the corresponding mapping to the design space, this approach allows us to represent the entire trade-off manifold as a small collection of patches that comprise a high-quality and piecewise-smooth approximation. We illustrate how this technique can be used for navigating performance trade-offs in computer-aided design (CAD) models.
In vivo screening identifies GATAD2B as a metastasis driver in KRAS-driven lung cancer

Genetic aberrations driving pro-oncogenic and pro-metastatic activity remain an elusive target in the quest of precision oncology. To identify such drivers, we use an animal model of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma to perform an in vivo functional screen of 217 genetic aberrations selected from lung cancer genomics datasets. We identify 28 genes whose expression promoted tumor metastasis to the lung in mice. We employ two tools for examining the KRAS-dependence of genes identified from our screen: 1) a human lung cell model containing a regulatable mutant KRAS allele and 2) a lentiviral system permitting co-expression of DNA-barcoded cDNAs with Cre recombinase to activate a mutant KRAS allele in the lungs of mice. Mechanistic evaluation of one gene, GATAD2B, illuminates its role as a dual activity gene, promoting both pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic activities in KRAS-mutant lung cancer through interaction with c-MYC and hyperactivation of the c-MYC pathway.
Bridging the Semantic Gap: Human Factors in Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection Systems

Anomaly-based intrusion detection has been pursued as an alternative to standard signature-based methods since the seminal work of Denning in 1987. Despite the length of time for which it has been studied, the high level of activity in this area, and the remarkable success of machine learning techniques in other areas, anomaly-based IDSs remain rarely used in practice, and none appear to have the same widespread popularity as more common misuse detectors such as Bro and Snort. We examine a potential cause of this observation, the “semantic gap” identified by Sommer and Paxson in 2010, in some detail, with reference to several common building blocks for anomaly-based intrusion detection systems. Finally, we revisit tree-based structures for rule construction similar to those first discussed by Vaccaro and Liepins in 1989 in light of modern results in ensemble learning, and suggest how such constructions could be used generate anomaly-based intrusion detection systems that retain acceptable performance while producing output that is more actionable for human analysts.
Specific Aspects of Positioning and Fluids, Glucose, and Temperature Management in Children Undergoing Neurosurgical Procedures

This chapter discusses the optimal strategies regarding patient positioning as well as intraoperative fluid, glucose, and temperature management as they pertain to children who have to undergo neurosurgical procedures.
Breaking the Ties between the Mafia and the State: Evidence from Italian Municipalities

The impact of organized crime on local economies is inherently hard to measure due to the lack of exogenous variation in criminal activity and data quality. I address these challenges by exploiting the timing of the dismissal of public elected officials in Italian municipalities (when the city council is found to be infiltrated by mafia) as a source of plausibly exogenous variation, and by combining this approach with the use of large administrative datasets. I document that the three external commissioners temporarily cut public investment and public procurement. I find that connected firms experience a sharp reduction in the probability of winning a call for bidders after the takeover. Higher exit rates and the lower number of public procurement contracts awarded only partially explain this sharp drop; overall my findings are consistent with stigma being associated to connected firms and lasting longer than takeover itself. I do not find any evidence that this policy negatively impacts local formal businesses and workers. More specifically, I find suggestive evidence of more churning in the economy, and I do not detect any negative consequences for local workers in terms of employment.
Acute Kidney Injury and Liver Disease: Incidence, Pathophysiology, Prevention/Treatment, and Outcomes

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in patients with cirrhosis and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiologic cascade triggered by the onset of portal hypertension results in chronic renal hypoperfusion and renders the kidneys unable to compensate in the face of secondary insults such as gastrointestinal bleeding and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The most common etiologies of AKI in this setting include prerenal azotemia, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Recent consensus criteria have attempted to modernize the definition of AKI in cirrhosis by adopting a threshold of a rise in creatinine of 0.3 mg/dL or 50% from baseline and by eliminating a creatinine cutoff for the diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome. Despite these standardized criteria, distinguishing between AKI etiologies remains difficult in patients with cirrhosis. Many of the traditional means of differential diagnosis, including measuring the fractional excretion of sodium and examining urine sediment, perform suboptimally in cirrhosis. Recent studies have identified multiple urinary biomarkers associated with structural kidney injury that have shown promise for the ability to distinguish ATN from HRS. Accurately making this distinction is critical as treatment with vasoconstrictors combined with albumin significantly improves renal function and reduced mortality in patients with HRS. The most widely studied vasoconstrictor, terlipressin, has been shown to reverse HRS which is approximately 50% of cases. Although terlipressin is unavailable in the United States, small studies suggest that norepinephrine (but not the combination of midodrine and octreotide) may be similarly efficacious.
A Survey of Mohs Tissue Tracking Practices.

Background There are little data regarding error within the multistep process of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). Objective A survey of Mohs surgeons was performed to evaluate variation in tissue handling and processing within the MMS process. Methods and materials A 9-question electronic survey was distributed to members of the American College of Mohs Micrographic Surgery. A total of 97 responses were analyzed. Results Most surgeons personally transport the tissue (71.1%), most frequently in a specimen container (54.6%). Method of tissue identification during transportation varied significantly. Most surgeons personally hand-draw the map (77.1%). A diagram was most commonly used to convey tissue orientation to the histotechnician (65.4%). Only 31.3% of histotechnicians used labeling of blocks to identify tissue within the cryostat. Most respondents (72.2%) are the only surgeon processing tissue in the laboratory at one time; however, 28.9% reported performing 10 or more cases per day. Conclusion Most respondents are responsible for tissue transport and mapping, which likely reduces potential error. However, the method of transport and labeling, as well as identification by the histotechnician, was more variable. Ultimately, having a consistent process and clear communication with personnel will help reduce potential error during Mohs surgery.
Using Information in Access Logs for Large Scale Identity Linkage

With the world becoming more connected than ever and the growth of the number of connected devices, each individual user accesses services from a range of devices, including personal desktops and laptop computers, tablets, mobile devices, vehicles, and entertainment systems. One fundamental problem is to identify the user using the fragmentation of identity and consumer profiles across these connected devices. In this paper, we discuss Adobe’s Identity Graph that provides a comprehensive solution to the challenge posed by fragmentation of identities. In particular, we propose an approach to use all the features in the logs using both online data traffic and offline data logs. We use probability based correlation methods to link identities across different devices with high accuracy. We validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach with massive large data covering more than 1.9 billion connected devices resulting in more than 200 million user identities. Our evaluation results show that using information in access logs can be effective in linking identities and achieving a practical and scalable solution.
Night of death, morning of rebirth: Maria W. Stewart’s apocalyptic futures

During the early American era of rebellion, war, and political upheaval, preachers, abolitionists, writers, and orators steeped their rhetoric in the apocalypse. In the nineteenth century, while wh...
Generalized Propensity Score Matching with Multilevel Treatment Options

**Background:** Although conventional form of propensity score matching (PSM) is widely used in outcomes research field, its application on multilevel treatment is limited. **Objectives:** This article reviews PSM and illustrates their use when there are more than two treatment choices, which is very common in health services research. **Methods:** Generalized PSM technique was applied to commercial claims data to estimate the treatment effect of reliever only, controller only and combination therapy of patients with asthma. The propensity score is estimated using multinomial logistic regression. The outcome variable was total annual health care costs. Inverse probability weighting was applied to calculate risk adjusted costs. Results are compared with multivariate regression analysis, where the generalized linear model is used with gamma family and log link function. **Results:** Based on the study’s definitions of an asthma episode, we obtained a sample that included 25,124 patients in fee-for-service (FFS) plans and 6,603 patients in non-FFS plans. Under each plan type, patients who were prescribed three different treatment options were significantly different in terms of their demographic and clinical characteristics. Compared to combination therapy under FFS group, the difference of the total health care costs among reliever therapy and controller only group was significant ($728 and $1,216, respectively). Under non-FFS group, reliever only therapy totaled $1,266; controller only therapy was $1,959, and combination therapy totaled $1,933. Although the cost difference between reliever only and combination therapy was significant, there was no evidence that combination therapy cost more than controller only therapy. There were no significant differences in the multi-level propensity score adjusted results and multivariate regression results. **Conclusion:** This analysis presents the potential value of generalized PSM methods in health services when there are multilevel treatment options.
White matter differences predict cognitive vulnerability to sleep deprivation.

RESEARCH IN THE PAST 5 YEARS HAS REFLECTED INCREASING INTEREST IN UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO VULNERABILITY to sleep deprivation. One study used regression models that included individual differences and accounted for nearly 83% of the variance in cognitive impairment due to sleep deprivation over a 14-day period.1 In contrast, models that did not include individual differences accounted for only 22% of the variance. To further investigate individual differences, researchers have looked to the neural correlates of sleep deprivation vulnerability. Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a verbal working memory task, researchers found an overall decrease in both regional and global neural activation after 30 h of sleep deprivation.2 In addition, decreases in neural activity were uniquely correlated with participants' performance, such that as numbers of errors and reaction times (RTs) increased, brain activation tended to decrease. This finding indicates that it is possible to uncover neural correlates of individual differences in response to sleep deprivation. To date, examinations of the neural correlates of sleep deprivation have been restricted to functional techniques (e.g., fMRI and electroencephalography [EEG]). However, other research domains have begun to reveal significant structural brain correlates of individual differences in cognitive abilities. One of the domains that has been studied extensively, in which changes in cognitive ability have been linked to brain structure, is aging. A recent examination of both cortical gray and white matter (WM) changes associated with aging demonstrated a significant main effect of age across both tissue types, but it was only a measure of WM that revealed significant correlations with cognitive performance.3 The WM measure utilized in this study was obtained with diffusion tensor MR imaging (DTI), in which a scalar measure of diffusion, referred to as fractional anisotropy (FA), was calculated and tested. FA is thought to reflect in part, the number of fibers, myelination, and compactness of WM tracts.4 In the aging study, reduced FA values in functionally specific regions were found to reflect lower performance on tasks of cognitive control and episodic memory. Other studies have demonstrated that even in healthy young persons, differences in the microstructure of WM tracts can be correlated with cognitive processing abilities.5 Therefore, it is possible that the ability to function cognitively under conditions of sleep deprivation could be related to differences in WM microstructure. The current study examined whether differences in WM structure may help explain important individual differences in vulnerability to sleep deprivation. Using DTI, we indexed WM FA values of 32 West Point cadets who underwent 24 h of total sleep deprivation (TSD). A simple visual-motor control (VMC) task was used to separate participants into vulnerability groups.
Best Practices? Lessons from Technical Communication for Online Legal Writing Instruction

There exists a rich literature of legal-writing pedagogy, but legal writing has come somewhat late to the online education space. Meanwhile, the allied field of technical communication has been delivering courses (and degree programs) online since the mid 1990s. This bibliographic essay seeks to offer some connections, insights, and resources that technical communication scholarship may be able to offer to legal writing teachers who choose (or are forced) to deliver education online. The author prepared this essay for the LR&W Online Teaching Excellence Conference, William & Mary Law School, June 19, 2020.
Modeling the External Effects of Air Taxis in Reducing the Energy Consumption of Road Traffic

Air taxis are currently being demonstrated. Few studies have quantified their external effects in reducing on-road vehicle fuel consumption. The hypothesis of this paper is that air taxis may diver...
Chronic multi-modal monitoring of neural activity in rodents and primates

We developed multi-modal systems comprising implantable carbon fiber (CF)-based electrodes to record synchronously chemical (e.g. dopamine) and electrical (e.g. local field potential, LFP) forms of activity in the brain. These systems were equipped with implantable micro-invasive probes and moveable silica-based CF probes capable of recording chronically from fixed locations, or from multiple depths along predetermined trajectories, respectively, spanning 48 spatially distinct sites in the caudate nucleus and the putamen. Electrochemical fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) was implemented in combination with standard electrophysiology to provide subsecond chemical and electrical recordings. The chronic stability of our micro-invasive probes, as tested previously in rodents and translated for use in nonhuman primate (NHP), was necessary to ensure functional recording from fixed locations in the brain without degradation in probe sensitivity over time. These systems were used to examine the relationship between dopamine and beta-band LFPs, prominent biomarkers of untreated Parkinson’s disease. We recorded dopamine and beta in rhesus monkeys performing oculomotor tasks in which reward valuation and movement control, key functions impaired in Parkinson’s disease, could be quantified. Highly stable measurements of dopamine and LFP neural signals were made over a period of months.
Econometric analysis of factors affecting market outlet choice of mango fruit producers in Hadero Tunto Zuriya District, Southern Ethiopia

The perishability nature of mango fruit necessitates an effective marketing outlet choice decision. But, selecting the appropriate market outlet is not easy task because different constraints affec...
Opportunities and Challenges in Developing Technology-Based Social Skills Interventions for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Analysis of Parent Perspectives.

Interest continues to be high in technology-based interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Understanding the preferences and challenges of technology use among individuals with ASD can inform the design of such interventions. Through 18 interviews with parents, we used an iterative inductive-deductive approach to qualitative analysis and explored uses of technology for social skills development among adolescents with ASD. Our findings include parents’ observations about their adolescent’s preferences in types of technology devices and digital content, as well as both positive and negative effects of technology use on mood and behavior. Parents highlighted several avenues of technological preferences and risks that may inform intervention design, enhance user engagement, and capitalize on users’ strengths while buttressing areas for growth.
Prolactin is Expressed in Uterine Leiomyomas and Promotes Signaling and Fibrosis in Myometrial Cells

Uterine leiomyomas are benign, estrogen-sensitive, fibrotic smooth muscle cell tumors occurring in the uterine myometrium. Leiomyomas are a considerable health burden, with a lifetime prevalence of 80% and limited treatment options. Estrogen and progesterone have positive effects on leiomyoma growth, but little is known about the roles of other hormones. One hormone of interest is prolactin, as it has been described to be present and functional in leiomyomas. The current study investigates prolactin production within leiomyomas and its effects on myometrial cells. RNA isolation and quantitative-PCR of human leiomyoma samples relative to matched adjacent myometrium confirms significant expression of prolactin and dopamine receptor D2, a known regulator of prolactin production and release in the pituitary, with no difference in prolactin receptor expression. Immunohistochemistry confirms increased prolactin in leiomyomas compared to adjacent myometrium and uteri from women without leiomyomas. These results suggest that leiomyomas contain cells that produce prolactin, which may then promote signaling in leiomyoma cells to regulate leiomyoma development/growth. Accordingly, we find that prolactin robustly activates STAT5 and MAPK signaling in rat and human myometrial cell lines. Furthermore, prolactin stimulates expression of myofibroblast markers in rat myometrial cells. Our findings suggest that local prolactin production in leiomyomas may stimulate trans-differentiation of myometrial cells to myofibroblasts, which in turn contributes to the fibrotic nature of leiomyomas.
Experimental Studies of the Thermal Performance of Gas-Cooled Plate-Type Divertors

The helium-cooled plate-type divertor can reduce the number of divertor modules while accommodating heat fluxes q” up to 10 MW/m2 incident on tungsten-alloy armor. Dynamically similar experimental ...
A New Species of Grasshopper (Orthoptera:Oedipodidae) from Jilin Province, China

The present paper deals with a new species of the genus Chorthippus Fieb. collected from Jilin Province, China. The type specimens are deposited in the Department of Biology, Northeastern Normal University.Chorthippus minutus, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 - 7)This new species is allied to Ch. maerkangensis Zheng and Ch. yuanshanensis Zheng, but differs from the latter two species by the following characters: 1) It differs from Ch. maerkangensis by the elytra longer and extending beyond the top of hind femur. 2) It differs from Ch. yuanshanensis by the elytra with costa and subcosta veins of male curved as S-shaped, the hind knees with same colour as hind femora; the female with the elytra longer and extending beyond the top of hind femur; and body smaller.Holotype (?) , allotype (?), paratypes 25 (?) (?) 6 (?) (?), Jilin Prov.:Changling Co., 160 m. Aug. 3,1987, collected by Zhang Fengling and Li Hongshi.
What Maps Mean to People: Denotation, Connotation, and Geographic Visualization in Land-Use Debates

People read meanings into maps that go well beyond the literal identification of the entities and relations represented. In traditional cartography it is generally not possible to represent the diverse connotations people may assign to what is denoted on a map, nor would this be desirable in most map-use contexts. There are however cases, as in conflicts over land use or the management of natural resources, where much of the debate surrounds the connotations assigned by different groups to certain contested entities. At the same time, the GIS-based spatial decision support systems increasingly used in planning debates do in principle offer the possibility of representing connotations significant to the task at hand. This paper explores how such representations could eventually be achieved by building into GIS data models fundamental aspects of experiential space to enrich the standard underlying geometrical representations. The suggested strategy builds upon the image schema concepts of the experiential approach in cognitive linguistics and may be formalized through a universal algebra.
PLZF regulates CCR6 and is critical for the acquisition and maintenance of the Th17 phenotype in human cells.

Th17 cells, which express the chemokine receptor CCR6, are implicated in many immune-mediated disorders, such as psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. We found that expression levels of CCR6 on human effector/memory CD4(+) T cells reflect a continuum of Th17 differentiation. By evaluating the transcriptome in cells with increasing CCR6, we detected progressive upregulation of ZBTB16, which encodes the broad complex, tramtrack, bric-a-brac-zinc finger transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF). Using chromatin immunoprecipitation for modified histones, p300, and PLZF, we identified enhancer-like sites at -9/-10 and -13/-14 kb from the upstream transcription start site of CCR6 that bind PLZF in CCR6(+) cells. For Th cells from adult blood, both in the CCR6(+) memory population and in naive cells activated ex vivo, knockdown of ZBTB16 downregulated CCR6 and other Th17-associated genes. ZBTB16 and RORC (which encodes the "master regulator" RORγt) cross-regulate each other, and PLZF binds at the RORC promoter in CCR6(+) cells. In naive Th cells from cord blood, ZBTB16 expression was confined to CD161(+) cells, which are Th17 cell precursors. ZBTB16 was not expressed in mouse Th17 cells, and Th17 cells could be made from luxoid mice, which harbor an inactivating mutation in Zbtb16. These studies demonstrate a role for PLZF as an activator of transcription important both for Th17 differentiation and the maintenance of the Th17 phenotype in human cells, expand the role of PLZF as a critical regulator in the human adaptive immune system, and identify a novel, essential element in a regulatory network that is of significant therapeutic interest.
5-HT5 Receptors

The 5-HT(5) receptor family consists of two members designated as 5-HT(5A) and 5-HT(5B). To date the 5-HT(5A) receptor has been identified in the mouse, rat, and human. The 5-HT(5B) receptor also is expressed in the mouse and rat, but not in the human where the coding sequence is interrupted by stop codons. Both receptors are essentially limited in distribution to the central nervous system (CNS), although the 5-HT(5A) receptor has also been found on neurons and neuronal-like cells of the carotid body. Within the CNS the 5-HT(5A) receptor shows a relatively broad distribution, while the 5-HT(5B) receptor has a very restricted distribution. The 5-HT(5A) receptor has been demonstrated to couple to G proteins, and the primary coupling appears to be through Gi/o to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity. The 5-HT(5) receptors have not been extensively characterized pharmacologically. Both receptors show their highest affinity for LSD, which appears to act as a partial agonist at the 5-HT(5A) receptor. Amongst agonist-like molecules, 5-CT (5-carboxamidotryptamine) also has high affinity and has greater potency and affinity at the 5-HT(5A) receptor than does 5-HT itself. Both [(125)I]LSD and [(5)H]5-CT have been used as radioligands to study the receptors in vitro. Nothing is known about the role of the 5-HT(5B) receptor in vivo. A mouse line has been developed where the 5-HT(5A) receptor has been knocked out and these animals have been shown to have a diminished response to LSD-induced increases in locomotion. The 5-HT(5) receptors remain as two of the least studied and understood of the 5-HT receptor subtypes.
Neural function in an alpine grylloblattid: a comparison with the house cricket, Acheta domesticus

. The effect of temperature on evoked activity in giant interneurons was compared in Grylloblatta sp. (an alpine insect with a temperature preference close to 0°C) and Acheta domesticus. The response to sound and air-puff stimulation of the abdominal cerci was monitored with extracellular electrodes placed under the ventral nerve cord. Responses to air puffs were elicited in Grylloblatta while the animal was supercooled to -6°C. The supercooling point was reached and freezing occurred in the range -5.5 to 8.5°C. The upper extinction temperature could not be determined due to massive spontaneous giant fibre activity in the 12–15°C range masking responses to air puffs. Lethal heat coma occurred at 15–20°C, although most animals did not recover from the spontaneous CNS activity which preceded it. The extinction ranges for Acheta giant neurons were 3.5-4.0°C and 42–44°C. Spike number peaked at 33–36 C and amplitude levels diminished as heat or cold coma was approached; -7.5 C was the mean supercooling point. Both species recovered from cold coma if supercooling was avoided; in Acheta, heat coma was also reversible. Giant fibre latencies in Acheta displayed a Q10 of 1.2 above 11–14°C, below which a break occurred in the curve and delays increased sharply. Latencies for the grylloblattid exhibited a Q10 of 2 but no break in the curve was observed until 0° C was approached. Spike number and amplitude increased with temperature until spontaneous CNS activity obliterated responses to air puffs. The potential role of unsaturated fatty acids in low temperature adaptation in Grylloblatta is discussed.
The Mr 35,000 β-Adrenergic Receptor mRNA-binding Protein Binds Transcripts of G-protein-linked Receptors Which Undergo Agonist-induced Destabilization

The Mr 35,000 β-adrenergic receptor mRNA-binding protein, termed β-ARB protein, is induced by β-adrenergic agonists and binds to β2-receptor mRNAs that display agonist-induced destabilization. Recently a cognate sequence in the mRNA was identified that provides for recognition by β-ARB protein. In the present work we test the ability of the β-ARB to discriminate among G-protein-linked receptor mRNAs that either do or do not display agonist-induced destabilization and test the predictive value of the presence of the cognate sequence to identify receptors displaying post-transcriptional regulation. Transcripts of β2-, but not rat β1-, rat β3-, or human β3-adrenergic receptors bind β-ARB protein, linking agonist-induced destabilization of mRNA to transcripts with the cognate sequence. Scanning GeneBank for G-protein-linked receptor transcripts with the cognate sequence revealed several candidates, including the thrombin receptor. We demonstrate that the thrombin receptor mRNA is recognized by β-ARB protein and like the β2-receptor is regulated post-transcriptionally by agonist and cAMP. Thus, the domain of regulation by β-ARB protein includes transcripts of G-protein-linked receptors other than β2-adrenergic receptors.
Improved Correction System for Vibration Sensitive Inertial Angle of Attack Measurement Devices

Inertial angle of attack (AoA) devices currently in use at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) are subject to inaccuracies due to centrifugal accelerations caused by model dynamics, also known as sting whip. Recent literature suggests that these errors can be as high as 0.25 deg. With the current AoA accuracy target at LaRC being 0.01 deg., there is a dire need for improvement. With other errors in the inertial system (temperature, rectification, resolution, etc.) having been reduced to acceptable levels, a system is currently being developed at LaRC to measure and correct for the sting-whip-induced errors. By using miniaturized piezoelectric accelerometers and magnetohydrodynamic rate sensors, not only can the total centrifugal acceleration be measured, but yaw and pitch dynamics in the tunnel can also be characterized. These corrections can be used to determine a tunnel's past performance and can also indicate where efforts need to be concentrated to reduce these dynamics. Included in this paper are data on individual sensors, laboratory testing techniques, package evaluation, and wind tunnel test results on a High Speed Research (HSR) model in the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel.
A Tomato Endo-β-1,4-glucanase, SlCel9C1, Represents a Distinct Subclass with a New Family of Carbohydrate Binding Modules (CBM49)

A critical structural feature of many microbial endo-β-1,4-glucanases (EGases, or cellulases) is a carbohydrate binding module (CBM), which is required for effective crystalline cellulose degradation. However, CBMs are absent from plant EGases that have been biochemically characterized to date, and accordingly, plant EGases are not generally thought to have the capacity to degrade crystalline cellulose. We report the biochemical characterization of a tomato EGase, Solanum lycopersicum Cel8 (SlCel9C1), with a distinct C-terminal noncatalytic module that represents a previously uncharacterized family of CBMs. In vitro binding studies demonstrated that this module indeed binds to crystalline cellulose and can similarly bind as part of a recombinant chimeric fusion protein containing an EGase catalytic domain from the bacterium Thermobifida fusca. Site-directed mutagenesis studies show that tryptophans 559 and 573 play a role in crystalline cellulose binding. The SlCel9C1 CBM, which represents a new CBM family (CBM49), is a defining feature of a new structural subclass (Class C) of plant EGases, with members present throughout the plant kingdom. In addition, the SlCel9C1 catalytic domain was shown to hydrolyze artificial cellulosic polymers, cellulose oligosaccharides, and a variety of plant cell wall polysaccharides.
Low temperature dehydrogenation of α-indoline nucleosides

A variety of α-indole nucleosides are easily prepared from α-indoline nucleosides in excellent yield and at moderate temperature using manganese dioxide and molecular sieves in benzene or methylene chloride.
Design and fabrication of SU-8 micro optic fiber holder with cantilever-type elastic microclips

The optic alignment module containing out-of-plane 3D micro lenses, and micro optic fiber holders have been fabricated using tilted UV lithography technique in water with SU-8 photoresist (Ling and Lian in Proc SPIE 4979:402–409, 2007). Each holder is a circumscribed quadrilateral formed by a V-groove and pairs of fixed microclips, which will hold the fiber in position through the elastic deformation when the fiber is inserted. Since these microclips were fixed cantilever beams and its effective beam length, the distance between the fixed end of the beam and beam–fiber contact point, is very short (~62.5 μm), the stress on the beam is high even under a small (few microns) deformation. The inserted optical fiber was either too loose to lose its alignment accuracy, or too tight causing the clips to break because of dimensional tolerance. It becomes very difficult, if not impossible, to use them in practical applications. Therefore, the key issue of fabricating optical alignment module is to have a suitable stiffness of microclips with an appropriate deformation during the fiber insertion, which can provide enough force to hold the fiber for accurate alignment and avoid introducing neither significant viscous deformation nor the damage to the clips. In this paper, a novel technique to fabricate SU-8 cantilever beam as elastic clamping device in optical fiber holder is proposed. Simulation based on SU-8 material properties indicates that for a 250-μm-long, 50-μm-thick SU-8 beam the clamping force per unit beam width will range from 10 to 100 Newton/m as the deflection increased from 1.4 to 14 μm. This predicted performance is comparable to or even better than that of existing silicon nitride microclips in optical fiber holding application [Bostock et al. in J Micromech Microeng 8(4):343–360, 1998]. By using a two-mask process, we have fabricated free-end cantilever beams as fiber holding clips. In order to have longer beams over V-groove, the slots in the V-groove were introduced, which allow the beams extended deeper into the sloped V-groove walls. The micro alignment module with 250-μm-length cantilever beams as microclips for housing 125-μm-diameter optical fibers has been successfully fabricated using a 300-μm-thick SU-8 photoresist layer by a two-mask UV lithography processes. This approuch offers significant advantages over other techniques with respect to costs of material, simple in equipment, and easy in manufacture. These optical fiber holders with elastic microclips combined with pre-aligned out-of-plane 3D micro lenses make it possible that to build an integrated micro optic system with precise alignment accuracy on a wafer-scale.
Molecular cloning and expression analysis of MPPα-2, a novel mouse transcript detected in a differential screen of pituitary libraries

Abstract We identified a novel isoform transcript, MPPα-2, of the mouse Mg 2+ -dependent protein phosphatase (MPP) alpha gene. The amino acid sequence encoded by MPPα-2 differs from the previously known MPPα-1 sequence only at the carboxyl terminal region. Northern and in situ hybridization analysis revealed differential expression patterns of these two transcripts in the embryo and in the adult organism, suggesting an elaborate regulation of the MPPα gene.
Cell-wall polymers of the lettuce embryonic axis

Abstract Cell-walls were isolated from the embryonic axes of lettuce fruits and subjected to sequential solvent extraction. Analysis of the pectic and hemicellulosic wall fractions by partial methylation analysis indicated that the major components are arabinogalactans, rhamnogalacturonans, and xyloglucans found typically in dicotyledonous plants.
Improved common line-based icosahedral particle image orientation estimation algorithms

Modifications are described for the center and angular parameter estimation algorithms of common line-based particle image orientation determination which is an essential step in the three-dimensional reconstruction of icosahedral virus particles. The modifications incorporate a variety of image processing, pattern recognition, and statistical tools resulting in objective and automated orientation estimation algorithms. The modified algorithms were tested using electron cryo-microscopic particle images of three different virus specimens, with sizes 400-1250 A in diameter, covering a broad range of defocus values. Evaluation of these modified algorithms shows significant improvement over the previous algorithms. The center and angular parameters were estimated with higher accuracy allowing the identification of a larger number of particle orientations. Usage of the modified estimation algorithms resulted in the identification of particle orientations which could not to be identified using the algorithms before modification. Furthermore, these improvements have resulted in the determination of a better quality and a higher resolution three-dimensional reconstruction. The improved algorithms have been developed into a software package which can be obtained via the world wide web at http://ncmi.bioch.bcm.tmc.edu/pthuman.
Trichinella spiralis: intestinal expression of systemic stage-specific immunity to newborn larvae.

Rats immunized with newborn Trichinella spiralis larvae i.v. were found to confer a specific anti-newborn larvae immunity in the small intestine. In rats immunized with newborn larvae i.v. and then challenged with adult worms intraintestinally, total newborn larvae recovery was reduced by 75-90% in thoracic duct lymph and in hepatic portal vein blood. No newborn larvae were found in the peritoneal fluid of immunized rats. In addition to an absolute reduction in number, larval migration from the small intestine to the thoracic duct was delayed by 6-12 h and migration to the portal vein was inhibited for at least 8 h. The establishment of adult worms in the small intestine and female worm fecundity were not affected by anti-newborn larvae immunity. Identical quantitative effects on newborn larvae migration from the small intestine were achieved by homologous transfer of anti-newborn larvae immune serum i.v. into naive recipient rats.