cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Household Research in the Urban Core

The preceding article illustrates the increased need and interest in marketing research applications in the urban core. Because of the physical characteristics of housing in these areas, as well as...
Super-achromatic microprobe for ultrahigh-resolution endoscopic OCT imaging at 800 nm(Conference Presentation)

Publisher’s Note: This conference presentation, originally published on 2 April 2016, was withdrawn per author request.
Theory and test on nuclear quadrupole resonance explosive detection

For solving false signal of landmine detection and realizing effective landmine detection,the basic principle of nuclear quadrupole resonance and its condition in explosive detection were introduced,and the resonant frequency and detection method of N14 nucleus in RDX and TNT were also analyzed. The actable experiment system for the explosive detection was presented. The free induction decay (FID) signal and its FFT transform of RDX,frequency response of RDX and the influence on detection signal in the case of different quantity RDX were particular researched and analyzed, and the system of test research on RDX realizes effective detection of RDX explosive.
An Overview of Therapy for Morbid Obesity

Therapeutic approaches to morbid obesity include starvation, very low calorie diets, “liquid protein” diets, ketogenic diets, and surgical procedures. None of these is ideal, and all have the potential for recidivism and complications. Although conservative measures should be tried first, the potential hazards of obesity warrant drastic treatment.
De Se Content and De Hinc Content

of the i-states to predicate properties to the same thing (the subject) while reducing the number of token i-representations. The claim, as I interpret it, is that phenomenal consciousness is unified by a process that involves a reduction in token i-representations, which occurs when i-states enter the i-file. To return to the initial examples, a subject sees something coming towards it, remembers an encounter, or is aware of its actions. Peacocke proposes that such mental states involve an i-notion that has non-conceptual first-person content. He also claims that the unity of phenomenal consciousness depends on the integration of those i-states of which the subject becomes aware and that this requires the reduction of i-tokens by means of their entry into a subject file (an i-file). I have not tried to assess his claim concerning the unity of phenomenal consciousness supervening on the integration of i-states. Instead, I have focused on some of his claims and arguments concerning the relevant representations with non-conceptual contents. In this respect, I find that his proposal raises at least as many questions as it answers but that puzzling over Peacocke’s view is, as usual, richly rewarding. I have argued that we should remain sceptical of the i-notion’s existence. But I also think that the intriguing idea of an i-notion and the entering of i-states into i-files helps to bring out a cluster of important questions about the way in which how-things-are-with-a-subject is represented by that subject from a firstperson perspective.
Chapter 4 – HHV-6A, HHV-6B, and HHV-7 in Febrile Seizures and Status Epilepticus

Febrile seizure is defined as a seizure associated with a febrile illness without a history of afebrile seizure or evidence of an acute central nervous system infection or other insult. Febrile status epilepticus is defined as a febrile seizure with duration greater than 30 minutes. Febrile seizures are the most common seizure type under age 5 years. Febrile status epilepticus is associated with an increased risk of temporal lobe epilepsy with evidence of acute hippocampal injury. Primary HHV-6B infection is a common cause of fever with both febrile seizures and febrile status epilepticus. Reactivated HHV-6B infection following stem cell transplantation has been associated with hippocampal injury and seizures in the context of limbic encephalitis. If the suspected association between HHV-6B infection and temporal lobe epilepsy is proven, then future studies may focus on therapy for HHV-6B infection for the prevention of epilepsy in these children.
Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Mimicking Butterfly Glioblastoma: A Rare Presentation in the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum.

Background Intracranial spread of an adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the parotid gland is rare, and metastatic ACC to the splenium of the corpus callosum mimicking butterfly glioblastoma (GBM) has not been reported previously. We report a rare case of metastasis to the splenium of the corpus callosum from ACC of the parotid gland. Case Description The tumor occupied the splenium and mimicked the presentation of a butterfly glioma. The patient had undergone parotidectomy 5 years before presentation with this intracranial lesion. On magnetic resonance imaging, the lesion was separate from the pineal gland and displaced the internal cerebral veins downward. Ventricular obstruction and increased cellularity were also suggested, and multiple fluid-filled cystic spaces were observed. The tumor was partially resected, because the extreme lateral boundary could not be visualized. Histological analysis with anti–c-kit antibody showed strong expression of the epithelial component; immunohistochemistry with anti-p63 antibody revealed nests of positive tumor cells, highlighting the myoepithelial component. The tumor also stained positive for anti-Myb antibody. Conclusions The treatment for this lesion is surgical debulking followed by radiation therapy; however, the overall prognosis remains grim because of limited chemotherapy options and a propensity for recurrence in both local and distant fashions. When a tumor with adenoid histological features and a “butterfly” phenotype grows in the corpus callosum in a patient with known parotid ACC, both metastasis and adenoid variant GBM should be considered. Careful clinical and radiological correlation is required to diagnose and treat this rare lesion.
Computations Based on a Chain Model for Dielectric Loss

Equations developed in the preceding paper are used to calculate the dielectric loss curves for polymers. Results are computed for infinite chains and for finite chains. The correlation length is used to interpret the dispersion curves. For reasonable values of the parameters, considerable depression of the peak of maximum loss and extension of the dispersion region can be obtained, even for very short chains. For long chains, the expressions for the dielectric dispersion are independent of the number of segments, in contrast to the findings for the Rouse model for viscoelastic properties.
Head Impact Kinematics Do Not Adversely Affect Gait Motor Performance Over the Course of a Single Football Season (P3.316)

Objective: To investigate the effects of head impacts suffered over the course of a single football season on gait stepping characteristics Background: Most studies investigate the cognitive or functional imaging outcomes of head impacts, however motor performance has received limited attention. Methods: We enrolled 36 NCAA Division I football players (age: 20.2 +/- 1.2 years old; height: 185.7 +/- 7.1cm; weight: 103.4 +/- 18.5kg) and 20 non-contact athletes (age: 19.8 +/- 1.2 years old; height: 161.2 +/- 9.2cm; weight: 58.3 +/- 10.5kg). The football players wore helmets instrumented with the Helmet Impact Telemetry System (HITS). All participants completed 5 gait trials prior to and immediately the football season. HITS outcome measures included; the number of impacts, linear acceleration sum, mean linear acceleration, and number of impacts exceeding 100 g’s. Gait outcome measures included step velocity, step length, step width, and time in stance were compared between groups with a 2 (group) x 2 (time) repeated measures ANOVA. A linear regression compared HITS measures to change in gait characteristics. Results: There was no interaction for step length (p=0.914), velocity (p=0.305), step width (p=0.068), or time in stance (0.490). There were a total of 18,704 head impacts (mean: 550.1 +/- 402) with an average of 5.9 +/- 5.6 impacts exceeding 98g’s. The mean linear acceleration was 27.9 +/- 3.1g’s and the mean cumulative linear acceleration was 15,917.1 +/- 12,112.7g’s. There was no predictive relationship between the head impact kinematics and gait characteristics (p>0.05). Conclusions: A single season of college football did not adversely affect gait performance compared to a non-head impact control group and the head impact kinematics did not predict gait performance. Future studies need to address longer term changes in neurological performance and utilize dual task and/or transitional movement challenges. Study Supported by NIH/NINDS 1R15NS070744 Disclosure: Dr. Buckley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Oldham has nothing to disclose. Dr. Munkasy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Murray has nothing to disclose.
Spatial interactions and optimal forest management on a fire-threatened landscape

Abstract Forest management in the face of fire risk is a challenging problem because fire spreads across a landscape and because its occurrence is unpredictable. Accounting for the existence of stochastic events that generate spatial interactions in the context of a dynamic decision process is crucial for determining optimal management. This paper demonstrates a method for incorporating spatial information and interactions into management decisions made over time. A machine learning technique called approximate dynamic programming is applied to determine the optimal timing and location of fuel treatments and timber harvests for a fire-threatened landscape. Larger net present values can be achieved using policies that explicitly consider evolving spatial interactions created by fire spread, compared to policies that ignore the spatial dimension of the inter-temporal optimization problem.
Indications for morcellation in gynecologic surgery.

Purpose of reviewMinimally invasive gynecologic procedures, in particular laparoscopic hysterectomy and myomectomy, often require tissue morcellation.Recent findingsWhether morcellated or not, myometrial cells can be found in the abdomen and pelvis after either laparoscopic or open myomectomy. Follo
Hybrid ultra-high-Q silica microcavity Raman lasers

Whispering gallery mode optical resonators integrated on silicon have demonstrated low threshold Raman lasers. One of the primary reasons for their success is their ultra-high quality factors (Q) which result in an amplification of the circulating optical field. Therefore, to date, the key research focus has been on maintaining high Q factors, as that determines the lasing threshold and linewidth. However, equally important criteria are lasing efficiency and wavelength. These parameters are governed by the material, not the cavity Q. Therefore, to fully address this challenge, it is necessary to develop new materials. We have synthesized a suite of metal-doped silica and small molecules to enable the development of higher performance Raman lasers. The efficiencies and thresholds of many of these devices surpass the previous work. Specifically, the silica sol-gel lasers are doped with metal nanoparticles (eg Ti, Zr) and are fabricated using conventional micro/nanofabrication methods. The intercalation of the metal in the silica matrix increases the silica Raman gain coefficient by changing the polarizability of the material. We have also made a new suite of small molecules that intrinsically have increased Raman gain values. By grafting the materials to the device surface, the overall Raman gain of the device is increased. These approaches enable two different strategies of improving the Raman efficiency and threshold of microcavity-based lasers.
Yes means yes and no means no, but both these mantras need to go: communication myths in consent education and anti-rape activism*

ABSTRACTFor decades, feminists have intervened in a sexually violent culture. Many public health professionals, educators, and activists who design these interventions have called for complex conceptualizations of communication, yet communication studies scholars have not written extensively on consent. Moreover, researchers outside the field rarely rely on insights from the discipline. Accordingly, I offer a critical review of consent activism and research, and I highlight disciplinary assumptions that could enhance existing knowledge. I argue that many feminist academic/activist interventions use false ideas about communication, what I call communication myths: discourse merely reflects reality, and local discourse is disconnected from larger social Discourse. I show how these communication myths resonate with rape-supportive arguments. By suggesting communication should be unambiguous during consent, anti-violence educators/activists lower the standard for communicative competence, disconnect it from h...
Incentivizing responsible antibiotic use

Superbugs is an immensely readable description of the challenges that encourage overuse of antibiotics and discourage new drug development.
Are women with head and neck cancer undertreated

LBA6002Background: Generalized competing event (GCE) models have been used to stratify patients with cancer according to their relative hazard for cancer death versus death from other causes. We evaluated outcomes for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) based on demographic data and comorbidities using a GCE model. Methods: We identified 884 HNC patients diagnosed 2000-2015 from the KPNC cancer registry, age 18-85 and stage II-IVB by AJCC 7th edition. Using the GCE proportional relative hazards model, controlling for age, sex, tumor site, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), we identified associations between these factors and the relative hazard for HNC-specific mortality (ω+ ratio, ‘gcerisk’ package in R). Death, disenrollment, and end of study (12/31/2016) were used as censoring events. Logistic regression models estimated the odds of receiving intensive treatment (platinum based regimen), adjusting for the same covariates plus stage, smoking, an...
NADA: a robust system for non-referential pronoun detection

We present $\textsc{Nada}$ : the Non-Anaphoric Detection Algorithm. $\textsc{Nada}$ is a novel, publicly-available program that accurately distinguishes between the referential and non-referential pronoun it in raw English text. Like recent state-of-the-art approaches, $\textsc{Nada}$ uses very large-scale web $\mbox{N-gram}$ features, but $\textsc{Nada}$ makes these features practical by compressing the $\mbox{N-gram}$ counts so they can fit into computer memory. $\textsc{Nada}$ therefore operates as a fast, stand-alone system. $\textsc{Nada}$ also improves over previous web-scale systems by considering the entire sentence, rather than narrow context windows, via long-distance lexical features. $\textsc{Nada}$ very substantially outperforms other state-of-the-art systems in non-referential detection accuracy.
1-OR: HLA-Bw4 REACTIVE ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH Bw4 POSITIVE PHENOTYPES

Aim Interpretation of HLA antibody reactivity should consider different HLA-Bw4 epitopes associated with HLA-B and HLA-A alleles. Methods HLA typing was performed using Luminex based rSSOP (LAB Type, One Lambda) or sequence based typing (AlleleSEQR, Celera). HLA antibody testing used HLA phenotype (LIFECODES, Gen-Probe) and single antigen (LAT, One Lambda) bead panels on a Luminex platform. Results Bw4 is an epitope present on several HLA-A and HLA-B antigens that can be divided into 8 subtypes based on amino acid differences (Tissue Ag 2000, 56:363). Recently, residues 80-83 have been shown to influence electrostatic potential of the Bw4 epitope, explaining differences in serological patterns (Human Immunol 2011, 72:1049). We present two patients with Bw4 present in their own phenotype yet they generated antibody to a different Bw4 subtype. Patient 1 typed as a B ∗ 44:03, containing Bw4 residues 80 T -81 A -82 L -83 R . She was sensitized through pregnancy to her daughter who typed as a HLA-B ∗ 27:02 containing Bw4 residues 80 I -81 A -82 L -83 R . This daughter was a potential HLA mismatched stem cell donor. Patient 2 was a renal patient who typed as a HLA-B ∗ 37:01 containing Bw4 residues 80 T -81 L -82 L -83 R . This patient was sensitized to HLA-B51 and -B53, both contain Bw4 residues 80 I -81 A -82 L -83 R . Patient 2 is being evaluated for retransplantation. For both patients, the strongest antibody reactivity was toward beads containing the Bw4 motif 80 I -81 A -82 L -83 R , to which they were both sensitized. Moreover, there were differences in antibody strength toward HLA antigens that differed only by the 80 I -81 A -82 L -83 R epitope (B49 vs B50 and B38 vs B39). Cell adsorptions are underway to confirm the presence of Bw4 subtype-specific antibodies. Conclusions Sensitization to Bw4 subtypes may be relevant when selecting HLA allele mismatched donors for antigens that contain multiple Bw4 subtypes. Accurate characterization of antibody specificity permits identification of incompatible alleles not represented on HLA bead panels.
Imaging Distinct Points in Left Ventricular Myocardium to Study Regional Wall Deformation

Generating motion is the essence of cardiac function, and imaging that motion has played an increasingly important role in modern developments in cardiology and cardiac research. In fact, one could say that evaluation of almost every aspect of cardiac function has benefitted from the availability of special imaging techniques: (1) global and regional motion of the myocardial walls, (2) motions of the valvular apparatus, (3) blood flow within and between cardiac chambers, (4) coronary artery patency and ability to deliver myocardial blood flow, (5) metabolic state of the myocardium, (6) localization and visualization of infarcted zones within the myocardium. Especially in clinical situations, where the most prevalent problem involves local regions with differential behavior (caused by local blockages of coronary arterial blood flow), some form of cardiac imaging is now almost considered mandatory.
Survival Under Multiple Time Scales in Dynamic Environments

This is an expository paper. Here we weave together two recent developments in reliability and survival analysis. The first pertains to the development of probabilistic models for survival in environments that are dynamic, and the second pertains to a consideration of multiple scales in reliability and biometry. We overview some results on the former, and show how these can be used to advantage for constructing a new class of probabilistic models whose key feature is that they are indexed by more than one scale. Our development restricts attention to the case of two scales, one to denote time, and the other to denote amount of usage. The material given here is preliminary; it has evolved as a consequence of our participation in the NATO Advanced Research Workshop in Survival Analysis and Related Topics at The Ohio State University, where we were exposed to the issue of multiple time scales.
Social Interaction Setting Events: Experimental Analysis of Contextual Variables.

Severe behavioral problems and social interaction deficits are the two areas of functioning most responsible for the failure of students with emotional and behavioral disorders (E/BD) to adjust ade...
Review of Robot Kinematics, Identification, and Control

In this chapter, we review the formulation of robot kinematic models and establish robot kinematic control as a framework for the development of the dissertation. The fundamental problem in the development of robot kinematic models is the use of geometric and trigonometric principles to systematically specify the relative positions and orientations of robot joints. Approaches to this problem are reviewed in this chapter. Standard terminology is used throughout the dissertation.
Quality of life after proctocolectomy: A comparison of Brooke ileostomy, Kock Pouch, and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis

Recent work has shown that patients undergoing proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis experience a better quality of life than those undergoing proctocolectomy and Brooke ileostomy. To assess whether the improvement with the pouch is due to the absence of a stoma or the preservation of fecal continence, functional and performance activities were assessed in 406 patients with Brooke ileostomies (stoma present, incontinent), 313 with Kock pouches (stoma present, continent), and 298 with ileal pouch-anal anastomoses (stoma absent, continent). All patients underwent proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis. After adjusting for age, sex, diagnosis, attitude towards the operation, dietary satisfaction, and ability to work, the likelihood of an impact on performance was estimated for the three types of operation using logistic regression analysis. Patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomoses had fewer restrictions in sports and sexual activities than those with Kock pouches (P less than 0.05), whereas those with Kock pouches in turn had fewer restrictions in these activities but more restrictions in travel than those with Brooke ileostomies (P less than 0.05). In contrast, performance in the categories of social life, recreation, work, and family was similar between groups. It is concluded that both the presence of a stoma and fecal incontinence impair the quality of life after proctocolectomy. Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, which avoids both stoma and incontinence, offers the best quality of life between the three operations studied.
Autonomous Language Learning with Technology: Beyond the Classroom (Advances in Digital Language Learning and Teaching) . By Chun Lai

Autonomous Language Learning with Technology: Beyond the Classroom (Advances in Digital Language Learning and Teaching)Chun LaiNew York: Bloomsbury AcademicUS $118.20ISBN 9781474240413240 pages2017
Advancing the design and testing of novel cardiac device technologies using the visible heart

Abstract Pre- and postimplant evaluations of implantable cardiac devices require innovative and critical testing during all phases of the design process. The Visible Heart Project was successfully launched in 1997, and 3 years later, the Atlas of Human Cardiac Anatomy website was published online. The Visible Heart methodologies and Atlas website provide users with a unique experimental toolset and a comprehensive anatomical archive to improve understanding of human cardiac anatomy and preclinical device testing results. To date, Visible Heart methodologies have been used to reanimate over 80 human hearts, all considered nonviable for transplantation. These studies provide imaging datasets that are then uploaded to the Atlas, a free-access website featuring novel images of functional and fixed human cardiac anatomies from >500 human heart specimens. Furthermore, this website includes educational tutorials on anatomy, physiology, congenital heart disease, and various imaging modalities. Examples of clinically approved devices that were present at the time of in vitro reanimation, or were subsequently delivered into perfusion-fixed specimens (i.e., pacing and defibrillator leads, catheters, valves, annuloplasty rings, leadless pacemakers, and stents), can be found online within the Device Tutorial. Another section of the website displays 3D models of vasculature, blood volumes, and/or tissue volumes reconstructed from computed tomography and magnetic resonance images of various heart specimens. Importantly, the methodologies developed and employed within the Visible Heart laboratory have led to a more comprehensive understanding of human cardiac anatomy, physiology, and device–tissue interactions, building the foundation of knowledge needed for modern cardiovascular device design and development.
Estimating effects of graded white matter damage and binary tract disconnection on post-stroke language impairment.

Abstract Despite the critical importance of close replications in strengthening and advancing scientific knowledge, there are inherent challenges to conducting replications of lesion-based studies. In the present study, we conducted a close conceptual replication of a study (i.e., Hope et al., 2016) that found that fluency and naming scores in post-stoke aphasia were more strongly associated with a binary measure of structural white matter integrity (tract disconnection) than a graded measure (lesion load). Using a different sample of stroke patients (N = 128) and four language deficit measures (aphasia severity, picture naming, and composite scores for speech production and semantic cognition), we examined tract disconnection and lesion load in three white matter tracts that have been implicated in language processing: arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. We did not find any consistent evidence that binary tract disconnection was more strongly associated with language impairment over and above lesion load, though individual deficit measures differed with respect to whether lesion load or tract disconnection was the stronger predictor. Given the mixed findings, we suggest caution when using such indirect estimates of structural white matter integrity, and direct individual measurements (for example, using diffusion weighted imaging) should be preferred when they are available. We end by highlighting the complex nature of replication in lesion-based studies and offer some potential solutions.
Reactions of Coordination Compounds in the Solid State. Part 4. The Behavior of the Optically Active Salt of cis‐α‐Dichloro(triethylenetetramine)cobalt(III) Chloride, (Co(trien)Cl2)Cl.

CD and NMR measurements show that the solid title complex upon heating at 100 °C in a sealed glass tube racemizes, retaining the cis-α configuration completely.
Against the Managerial State: Preventive Policing as Non-Legal Governance

Since at least the 1980s, police departments in the United States have embraced a set of practices that aim, not to enable the prosecution of past criminal activity, but to discourage (or even prevent) people from breaking the law in the first place. It is not clear that these practices effectively lower the crime rate. However, whatever its effect on the crime rate, I argue that preventive policing is essentially distinct from legal governance, and that excessive reliance on preventive policing undermines legal governance. To show this, I emphasize law’s unique aptitude to define legal subjects’ ‘manifest’ status relations – that is, the rights and obligations that live within their local practices. I then argue, first, that preventive policing does not aim to define these relationships; and second, that excessive preventive policing threatens the relationship that law must bear with its subjects if law is to define their manifest relations authoritatively.
Differentiation of retinal organoids from human pluripotent stem cells.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess the remarkable ability to differentiate into any cell type of the body, including those of the retina. Through the differentiation of these cells as retinal organoids, it is now possible to model the spatial and temporal development of the human retina using hPSCs, in which retinal progenitor cells produce the entire repertoire of retinal cells, first differentiating into retinal ganglion cells and ending with mature photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and Muller glia. Importantly, retinal organoids self-assemble into laminated structures that recapitulate the layering of the human retina with a retinal ganglion cell layer lining the inner layer and a distinctly separate photoreceptor layer occupying the outer layers. This organoid technology has provided access to human tissue for developmental and disease modeling, as well as translational applications such as high throughput drug screening and cell replacement therapies. However, the differentiation of retinal organoids does require some expertise and multiple strategies produce inconsistent results. Here, we describe in detail a well-established and relatively simple method for the generation of retinal organoids.
Complications after Perforated versus Nonperforated Acellular Dermal Matrix Use in Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction: A Propensity Score Analysis.

Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) were first incorporated into direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction by the senior author in 2001 and have since become foundational to implant-based reconstruction. ADM composition has evolved recently and now includes perforated types, which some speculate decrease the likelihood of seroma. The authors performed a retrospective review of perforated (P-ADM) and nonperforated (NP-ADM) ADM-assisted direct-to-implant breast reconstruction patients to evaluate differences in complication rates. Methods Retrospective review of direct-to-implant breast reconstruction patients operated on by a single surgeon (CAS) from 2011 to 2018 was conducted. Patient and operative characteristics, including ADM type, were recorded. A propensity score matching algorithm accounting for potentially confounding variables was developed, followed by univariate analysis to evaluate the association between ADM perforation and postoperative complications. Results The review began with 409 patients (761 breasts). Following exclusion of patients with missing demographic information, lack of ADM in their reconstruction, and follow-up times of less than 4 weeks, 364 patients (680 breasts) were included for analysis. A total of 530 (77.94%) and 150 (22.06%) breasts received NP-ADM and P-ADM, respectively. After propensity score matching, there were 294 breasts, composed of equal numbers of P-ADM and NP-ADM recipients. Univariate analysis showed no association between ADM type and any postoperative complication. Conclusions The complication profile of direct-to-implant breast reconstruction appears to be unaffected by the use of P-ADM or NP-ADM. Current understanding of the association between ADM type and clinical outcomes would benefit from multi-institution, prospective, randomized trials.
Spatial analysis of China province-level CO2 emission intensity

Abstract This study offers a unique contribution to the literature by investigating the influential factors of energy-related, carbon dioxide emission intensity among a panel of 30 provinces in China covering the period 1991–2010. We use novel spatial panel data models to analyze the drivers of energy-related emission intensity, which we posit are characterized by spatial dependence. Our results suggest (1) emission intensities are negatively affected by per-capita, province-level GDP and population density; (2) emission intensities are positively affected by the structure of energy consumption and the transportation sector; and, (3) energy prices have no effect on emission intensities.
How Children Learn From Others: An Analysis of Selective Word Learning

One way children are remarkable learners is that they learn from others. Critically, children are selective whenassessing from whom to learn, particularly in the domain of word learning. We conducted an analysis of chil-dren’s selective word learning, reviewing 63 papers on 6,525 participants. Children’s ability to engage in selec-tive word learning appeared to be present in the youngest samples surveyed. Their more metacognitiveunderstanding that epistemic competence indicates reliability or that others are good sources of knowledgehas more of a developmental trajectory. We also found that various methodological factors used to assess chil-dren influence performance. We conclude with a synthesis of theoretical accounts of how children learn fromothers.
A Fusion Reactor Scheme Using Magnetic Mirrors

The paper describes a fusion reactor scheme consisting of two 200-m-long magnetic mirrors with a ratio of two connected by semicircular sections to form a racetrack configuration. The two most seri...
A distinctive release profile of vancomycin and tobramycin from a new and injectable polymeric dicalcium phosphate dehydrate cement (P-DCPD).

A novel injectable polymeric dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (P-DCPD) cement was developed with superior mechanical strength and excellent cohesion. The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro performance of P-DCPD loaded with vancomycin (VAN-P), tobramycin (TOB-P) and combination of both (VAN/TOB-P) (10%, w/w). There is a distinctive release profile between VAN and TOB. VAN-P showed decreased initial burst ( 90% of VAN was released within 3 d (p 3 weeks. Interestingly, the cement residues (28 d after drug release) still maintained strong ZOI ability. P-DCPD with or without antibiotics loading were nontoxic and had no inferior impacts on the growth of osteoblastic MC3T3 cells. VAN-P and TOB-P were injectable. No significant influence on setting time was observed in both VAN-P (11.7 ± 1.9 min) and VAN/TOB-P (10.8 ± 1.5 min) as compared to control (12.2 ± 2.6 min). We propose that a distinctive release profile of VAN and TOB observed is mainly due to different distribution pattern of VAN and TOB within P-DCPD matrix. A limited release of TOB might be due to the incorporation of TOB inside the crystalline lattice of P-DCPD crystals. Our data supported that the bactericidal efficacy of antibiotics-loaded P-DCPD is not only depend on the amount and velocity of antibiotics released, but also probably more on the direct contact of attached bacteria on the degrading cement surface.
Face the Uncanny: The Effects of Doppelganger Talking Head Avatars on Affect-Based Trust Toward Artificial Intelligence Technology are Mediated by Uncanny Valley Perceptions

This experiment (N = 228) examined how exposure to a talking head doppelganger created by an artificial intelligence (AI) program influenced affect-based trust toward AIs. Using a 3 (talking head f...
Lithium Thiostannate Spinels: Air-Stable Cubic Semiconductors

Lithium chalcogenide materials have been studied less than other alkali metal analogs and are of interest as ion conductors and semiconductors capable of thermal neutron detection. Herein, we descr...
Experimental characterization of ozone-enhanced n-decane cool flames and numerical investigation of equivalence ratio dependence

Abstract Low temperature combustion behavior is critical to understand for advanced combustor design and safety, but cool flames are challenging to study under chemistry-transport coupled conditions because of the generally transient nature of these flames. A series of studies have utilized a laminar flat flame Hencken burner platform and ozone enhancement at sub-atmospheric pressures to stabilize dimethyl ether, propane and heptane cool flames and measure flame characteristics such as propagation speed, flame temperature and product species. This work builds upon those prior studies to investigate n-decane, first through experimental characterization of ozone-enhanced n-decane cool flames, including measurement of propagation speeds and flame temperatures and imaging of formaldehyde planar laser induced fluorescence (CH2O PLIF) over a range of equivalence ratios and, second, through comparison of experimental results with one-dimensional cool flame simulations. Experimental findings showed moderate equivalence ratio dependence of cool flame propagation speeds and temperatures at lean equivalence ratios, and no significant equivalence ratio dependence for richer mixtures. Experimental CH2O profiles showed equivalence ratio dependence and no downstream consumption, as is characteristic of cool flames. Simulated n-decane cool flames showed significant dependence of propagation speeds and temperatures on equivalence ratio, as well as downstream consumption of CH2O, at the experimental conditions. Experimental and numerical discrepancies were first investigated by examining the influence of different ozone enhancement strategies on equivalence ratio dependence and the results indicate a minimal influence of ozone enhancement strategy for n-decane, while also providing insights to into equivalence ratio dependencies observed in previous ozone-enhanced and ozoneless cool flame studies. The effect of ozone concentration on simulated n-decane cool flames was then investigated, revealing a strong influence of ozone enhancement on equivalence ratio dependence. Simulated propagation speed and temperature dependence on equivalence ratio were shown to develop with increase in ozone enhancement levels. A kinetics analysis revealed enhancement of low temperature peroxy chemistry and other cool flame heat releasing reactions with ozone addition, increasing simulated flame temperatures and promoting the onset of early intermediate temperature chemistry (ITC), inducing equivalence ratio dependence which was not seen in experimental results. Finally, insights from this analysis were used to investigate reconciliation of differences in experimental and simulated cool flame temperatures and identify potential kinetics model discrepancies from experimental findings.
Teaching NeuroImages: Nonalcoholic Wernicke Encephalopathy.

A 40-year-old woman with chronic gastritis who did not have alcoholism had lost 50 pounds in the past 45 days and presented with dyscoordination and diplopia. Examination showed confabulation, ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, and appendicular ataxia. Brain MRI (Figure) showed diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery abnormalities suggestive of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE). With classic triad of WE and MRI findings, IV thiamine 500 mg TID was administered for 3 days, followed by maintenance oral thiamine. The patient showed substantial improvement. Thiamine replacement therapy should be considered in patients with malnutrition or malabsorption as it is important in maintaining cellular osmotic gradients. Thiamine deficiency may lead to cytotoxic edema, especially in high metabolic demand regions such as thalami and mammillary bodies.1
Benchmarking organic thin film transistor inverter design styles

Abstract Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are a promising technology for large-area electronics; choosing an appropriate circuit style is critical to enhancing OTFT circuit functionality and reliability. Here, we design and evaluate different types of static and dynamic logic based on complementary and p-type only technology styles, benchmarking their performance under equivalent processing and testing conditions. We find that differences in off characteristics between n-type and p-type OTFTs to be the primary factor for the choice of logic style. For complementary technology, we conclude that static logic is preferred over dynamic logic considering limited n-type transistor off characteristics, integration density, and delay. In the case of p-type transistors, pre-discharge dynamic logic is preferred over static logic, primarily due to the static power efficiency from good p-type transistor off characteristics. We expect this evaluation to be helpful for assisting design style decisions as these technologies continue to mature and develop.
Compilation of sparse array programming models

This paper shows how to compile sparse array programming languages. A sparse array programming language is an array programming language that supports element-wise application, reduction, and broadcasting of arbitrary functions over dense and sparse arrays with any fill value. Such a language has great expressive power and can express sparse and dense linear and tensor algebra, functions over images, exclusion and inclusion filters, and even graph algorithms. Our compiler strategy generalizes prior work in the literature on sparse tensor algebra compilation to support any function applied to sparse arrays, instead of only addition and multiplication. To achieve this, we generalize the notion of sparse iteration spaces beyond intersections and unions. These iteration spaces are automatically derived by considering how algebraic properties annotated onto functions interact with the fill values of the arrays. We then show how to compile these iteration spaces to efficient code. When compared with two widely-used Python sparse array packages, our evaluation shows that we generate built-in sparse array library features with a performance of 1.4× to 53.7× when measured against PyData/Sparse for user-defined functions and between 0.98× and 5.53× when measured against SciPy/Sparse for sparse array slicing. Our technique outperforms PyData/Sparse by 6.58× to 70.3×, and (where applicable) performs between 0.96× and 28.9× that of a dense NumPy implementation, on end-to-end sparse array applications. We also implement graph linear algebra kernels in our system with a performance of between 0.56× and 3.50× compared to that of the hand-optimized SuiteSparse:GraphBLAS library.
The antisymmetry of distortions

Distortions are ubiquitous in nature. Under perturbations such as stresses, fields or other changes, a physical system reconfigures by following a path from one state to another; this path, often a collection of atomic trajectories, describes a distortion. Here we introduce an antisymmetry operation called distortion reversal that reverses a distortion pathway. The symmetry of a distortion pathway is then uniquely defined by a distortion group; it has the same form as a magnetic group that involves time reversal. Given its isomorphism to magnetic groups, distortion groups could have a commensurate impact in the study of distortions, as the magnetic groups have had in the study of magnetic structures. Distortion symmetry has important implications for a range of phenomena such as structural and electronic phase transitions, diffusion, molecular conformational changes, vibrations, reaction pathways and interface dynamics.
Assessing the Genetic Risk for Alcohol Use Disorders

The past two decades have witnessed a revolution in the field of genetics which has led to a rapid evolution in the tools and techniques available for mapping genes that contribute to genetically complex disorders such as alcohol dependence. Research in humans and in animal models of human disease has provided important new information. Among the most commonly applied approaches used in human studies are family studies, case–control studies, and genome-wide association studies. Animal models have been aimed at identifying genetic regions or individual genes involved in different aspects of alcoholism, using such approaches as quantitative trait locus analysis, genome sequencing, knockout animals, and other sophisticated molecular genetic techniques. All of these approaches have led to the identification of several genes that seem to influence the risk for alcohol dependence, which are being further analyzed. Newer studies, however, also are attempting to look at the genetic basis of alcoholism at the level of the entire genome, moving beyond the study of individual genes toward analyses of gene interactions and gene networks in the development of this devastating disease.
Frame rate preferences in low bit rate video

A double stimulus subjective evaluation was performed to determine preferred frame rates at a fixed bit rate for low bit rate video. Stimuli consisted of eight reference color video sequences of size 352/spl times/240 pixels. These were compressed at rates of 100, 200 and 300 kbps for low, medium, and high motion sequences, respectively, using three encoders and frame rates of 10, 15 and 30 frames per second. Twenty-two viewers ranked their frame rate preferences using an adjectival categorical scale. Their preferences were analyzed across sequence content, motion type, and encoder. Viewers preferred a frame rate of 15 frames per second across all categories, with several notable content-based exceptions.
Can Purchase Behavior Predict Relationship Perceptions and Willingness to Donate

As arts organizations frequently seek purchases and donations from the same consumers, one of their challenges is identifying which consumers are likely to become donors in the future. With all of the data currently available, many organizations are looking to their databases to predict future consumer behavior. In the customer relationship management literature, models have been developed that allow organizations to use consumer purchase data to predict future purchase behavior. This goal of this research is to extend this literature to determine whether it is possible to predict consumer willingness to donate using purchase behavior data. It is not expected that purchase behavior data will be nearly as accurate a predictor of future donation behavior as past donation behavior would be. Rather, the goal is simply to determine whether organizations would be able to use purchase behavior data as a proxy for relationship perceptions to improve their ability to identify prospective donors among their consumers. Three commonly used methods of prediction based on past behavior are tested using a combination of purchase behavior data and consumer surveys: a segmentation approach, a recency/frequency/monetary value model, and a Pareto/NBD customer relationship management model. Across all three methods, purchase behavior is found to be a poor predictor of both customer relationship perceptions and willingness to donate to the organization.
Domain-Specific and Stage-Intrinsic Changes in Tcrb Conformation During Thymocyte Development

Considerable cross-talk exists between mechanisms controlling genome architecture and gene expression. AgR loci are excellent models for these processes because they are regulated at both conformational and transcriptional levels to facilitate their assembly by V(D)J recombination. Upon commitment to the double-negative stage of T cell development, Tcrb adopts a compact conformation that promotes long-range recombination between Vβ gene segments (Trbvs) and their DβJβ targets. Formation of a functional VβDβJβ join signals for robust proliferation of double-negative thymocytes and their differentiation into double-positive (DP) cells, where Trbv recombination is squelched (allelic exclusion). DP differentiation also is accompanied by decontraction of Tcrb, which has been thought to separate the entire Trbv cluster from DβJβ segments (spatial segregation-based model for allelic exclusion). However, DP cells also repress transcription of unrearranged Trbvs, which may contribute to allelic exclusion. We performed a more detailed study of developmental changes in Tcrb topology and found that only the most distal portion of the Trbv cluster separates from DβJβ segments in DP thymocytes, leaving most Trbvs spatially available for rearrangement. Preferential dissociation of distal Trbvs is independent of robust proliferation or changes in transcription, chromatin, or architectural factors, which are coordinately regulated across the entire Trbv cluster. Segregation of distal Trbvs also occurs on alleles harboring a functional VβDβJβ join, suggesting that this process is independent of rearrangement status and is DP intrinsic. Our finding that most Trbvs remain associated with DβJβ targets in DP cells revises allelic exclusion models from their current conformation-dominant to a transcription-dominant formulation.