cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Model Systems for Flavoenzyme Activity. The Role of N(3)−H Hydrogen Bonding in Flavin Redox Processes

Computational and experimental studies were performed to determine the role of N(3)H hydrogen bonding in controlling flavin redox chemistry. B3LYP calculations of a lumiflavin−DMF complex indicate that hydrogen bonding to N(3)H is redox state dependent: hydrogen bonds to this position are formed in the oxidized state, and released in the flavin radical anion system due to increased electron density in the reduced species. Electrochemical studies of flavin and N(3)-methyl flavin in hydrogen bonding and non-hydrogen bonding solvents confirm this prediction, demonstrating that N(3)H hydrogen bonding modulates the potential of flavin reduction to the corresponding radical anion by 80 mV (1.8 kcal/mol). Variable-temperature electrochemical studies were also performed to establish the enthalpic and entropic effects of N(3)H hydrogen bonding on flavin reduction.
Exploring Adoption with Clients: The Need for Adoption Education Within the Genetic Counseling Profession

Genetic counselors and other health professionals may encounter adoption during any counseling session. They must be skilled in using appropriate language and understand how to approach and discuss this topic with clients. A thorough knowledge of adoption as an option for clients facing a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis is necessary when presenting individuals with non-biased information needed for informed decision-making. However, three preliminary studies have demonstrated an absence of graduate education and lack of a professional knowledge base regarding this option (Mates 2008; Oksala 2007; Perry 2003). We discuss the impact of medical professionals’ preconceptions on client decision-making, increasing early identification of fetal anomalies, deficiency of adoption knowledge and resources, and the resulting need for genetic counselors and other health professionals to develop their skills in discussing adoption with clients.
Psychopathy, startle blink modulation, and electrodermal reactivity in twin men

Psychopathy is a personality disorder with interpersonal–emotional and antisocial deviance facets. This study investigated these facets of psychopathy prospectively using normal-range personality traits in a community sample of young adult men who completed a picture-viewing task that included startle blink and skin conductance measures, like tasks used to study psychopathy in incarcerated men. Consistent with prior research, scores on the interpersonal–emotional facet of psychopathy (“fearless dominance”) were associated with deficient fear-potentiated startle. Conversely, scores on the social deviance facet of psychopathy (“impulsive antisociality”) were associated with smaller overall skin conductance magnitudes. Participants high in fearless dominance also exhibited deficient skin conductance magnitudes specifically to aversive pictures. Findings encourage further investigation of psychopathy and its etiology in community samples.
Dyadic Anxiety in Youth Sport: The Relationship of Achievement Goals With Anxiety in Young Athletes and Their Parents

The role of achievement motivation on precompetitive anxiety was examined in 73 dyads comprising youth athletes and a parent of each athlete. Participants completed questionnaires assessing achievement goals and anxiety. Actor–partner interdependence models were estimated using Mplus 7.11. Parents’ adoption of performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals predicted athletes’ worry (βperformance-approach =.30, p <.01; βperformance-avoidance =.25, p <.05). Athletes’ adoption of any goal predicted parents’ concentration disruption (βmastery-approach =.41; βmastery-avoidance =.30, p <.01; βperformance-approach =.27; βperformance-avoidance =.22, p <.05). Thus, parental definitions of competence held for the child was related to their young athlete's emotional state and vice versa.
Terminal osseous dysplasia with pigmentary defects (TODPD): Follow-up of the first reported family, characterization of the radiological phenotype, and refinement of the linkage region†

Terminal osseous dysplasia with pigmentary defects (TODPD) is an X-linked dominant syndrome with distal limb anomalies and pigmentary skin defects. We have previously described this syndrome in several females from a large, four-generation pedigree. The presentation in the affected patients included multiple anomalies, hypertelorism, iris colobomas, punched-out pigmentary abnormalities over the face and scalp, brachydactyly, and digital fibromatosis. The phenotype was highly variable thus suggesting that X-inactivation plays an important role in the expression of the disease. Following our initial description of this condition there have been reports of more cases supporting the initial phenotypic description of this disease. We report on the follow-up of this family at about 10 years from the first evaluation. A detailed clinical follow-up and a review of the skeletal surveys suggests that although the most striking features involves the hands and feet, the skeletal involvement is more generalized and affects many other areas. Our previous linkage analysis has demonstrated mapping to Xq27.3-Xq28. Using a 6,056 SNP array, we have further refined the critical region within the Xq28 region. We have also excluded two candidate genes (FLNA and FAM58A) mapping in the critical region. The identification of the gene responsible for this rare condition will shed light on the molecular pathways leading to the various congenital anomalies of TODPD and will allow a more accurate genetic counseling to the affected individuals.
Corrigendum to "Relationships between the surface concentration of particulate organic carbon and optical properties in the eastern South Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans" published in Biogeosciences, 5, 171-201, 2008

The paper “Relationships between the surface concentration of particulate organic carbon and optical properties in the eastern South Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans” by Stramski et al. (Biogeosciences, 5, 171‐201, 2008) contains an error in the values of the particulate backscattering ratio at 555 nm, ˜ bbp=bbp(555)/bp(555), depicted for the ANTXXIII/1 cruise in Figs. 11 and 12b. The reported values were too low due to an inadvertent mistake in which incorrect values of the particulate scattering coefficient, bp(555), were used in the calculation of ˜ bbp. I offer my apologies to the co-authors, reviewers, and readers of the paper. Here the corrected Figs. 11 and 12b are presented. In contrast to the original figures contained in the paper, the corrected values of the particulate backscattering ratio, bbp(555)/bp(555), are seen to be generally similar for the two cruises compared, BIOSOPE and ANT-XXIII/1. For the BIOSOPE data set the average value is 0.0104 (standard deviation SD=0.0026), whereas for the ANT-XXIII/1 data set it is 0.0090 (SD=0.0010). The erroneous average value reported in the original paper for ANT-XXIII/1 was 0.0054, which incorrectly suggested significant systematic difference between the two cruises. In actuality, no significant differences are observed, with the exception of a few BIOSOPE stations that show a somewhat higher backscattering ratio compared to the rest of the data set. In consequence, the discussion focusing on the differences between the cruises presented in Sect. 3.4 (p. 193‐196) of the original paper is largely irrelevant. However, all other results and conclusions including the POC algorithms are unaffected by this error.
Performance of Domesticated Striped Bass Morone saxatilis, Palmetto Bass and Backcross Hybrid Striped Bass (Sunshine Bass ♀× Striped Bass ♂) Raised in a Tank Culture System

— Grow-out performance of striped bass Morone saxatilis, palmetto bass (M. saxatilis ♀×M. chrysops ♂) and backcross hybrids [sunshine bass ♀(M. chtysops ♀×M. saxatilis ♂) × M. saxatilis♂] was examined in a two-part study. During part I fish (mean weight = 20.1 g) were stocked at a density of 56 fish/m3 in 1.8-m3 cylindrical fiberglass tanks connected to a central biological filter. Fish were fed a 38% protein trout ration daily and the study duration was 273 d. At harvest, no differences (P > 0.05) in mean weight or feed conversion were detected among the fish types. However, there were differences in specific growth, with the striped bass having a significantly higher growth rate than the palmetto bass and the backcross hybrids being intermediate. The condition factor (K) for striped bass was also significantly lower (1.2) than that recorded for either of the other two groups. In addition, survival of striped bass (91%) was significantly higher than that of backcross hybrids (74%), while survival of palmetto bass (87%) was intermediate. The survival of backcross hybrids was adversely impacted by an infestation of the dinoflagellate Amyloodinium sp. During part II stocking density in each tank was reduced to 19 fish/m3. The study lasted 104 d. At harvest, no differences were detected in weight, survival, or feed conversion. However, there were significant differences in specific growth, length and K. Striped bass and backcross hybrids gained weight faster than palmetto bass. Length and K were inversely related with all groups being significantly different. Striped bass had the largest TL and the lowest K while, palmetto bass were the shortest with the highest K.
Pauli distortion effect on the first-order optical potential

The technique of orthogonality scattering states is used to examine the effects of antisymmetrization on the first-order nucleon-nucleus optical potential without the assumption of infinite nuclear matter. The required matrix elements of the effective nucleon-nucleon scattering operator contain a Pauli distortion of the continuum states. This effect is approximated as a Pauli distortion of the effective nuclear density that arises in a factorization prescription, and the influence of this on scattering is estimated.
Sentence comprehension in two age groups of children as related to pause position or the absence of pauses.

Sentences recorded with pauses at major phrase boundaries, pauses within major phrase boundaries, and with no pauses were presented to 18 children with a mean age of three years, eight months, and ...
Assessing generalizability of scales used in cross-national research

Abstract Increased globalization has generated considerable interest in testing theories in other countries that were developed in the United States. A requirement for any cross-national research should be that measures (scales) of constructs are generalizable across countries, and an important related issue is how many items and subjects are needed to generalize the scale across countries. This article discusses the use of generalizability theory (G theory) to assess the extent to which a previously administered scale can be generalized across countries and also to estimate the number of scale items and subjects needed to obtain a desired level of generalizability for future studies. The article further illustrates how G theory can be used in conjunction with a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) framework to provide supplementary evidence of measurement invariance across countries. An empirical illustration of both G theory and the CFA-based framework is provided using data collected from multiple countries. The article concludes with a discussion of the unique benefits of CFA and G theory and suggests that the two techniques should be treated as complementary techniques for assessing measurement invariance and estimating the number of items and subjects needed to generalize the scale across countries.
The role of arachidonic acid metabolites in renal homeostasis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs renal function and biochemical, histological and clinical effects and drug interactions.

Prostaglandins (PG) E2 and I2 have a number of effects on renal function, such as causing vasodilatation, increasing the glomerular filtration rate, sodium chloride excretion, water excretion, and stimulating renin secretion. Studies in dogs have shown that reductions in renal blood flow associated with angiotensin II administration are accompanied by increased synthesis of vasodilatory PGE2 followed by a compensatory increase in blood flow. Moreover, in rats and dogs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) markedly augment the reductions in renal blood flow associated with angiotensin II administration. Clinical use of NSAIDs can induce 1 of 2 types of renal syndromes in patients with certain predisposing conditions. These syndromes are ischaemic acute renal failure and papillary necrosis or, rarely, an idiosyncratic reaction. It is believed that the effects of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors on renal function are most important in patients with these predisposing conditions because in many of these conditions there is increased synthesis of renal PGE2 and PGI2 to compensate for abnormally high plasma concentrations of vasoconstrictor hormones. Angiotensin II produces a concentration-dependent contraction of isoluted rat glomeruli or mesangial cells which is potentiated by pretreatment with indomethacin or meclofenamate. Pretreatment with arachidonic acid, or addition of exogenous PGE2, inhibits the angiotensinmediated glomerular contraction. Stable endoperoxide analogues, which mimic the effects of thromboxane A2, induce a similar glomerular contraction to angiotensin. Similar findings were recorded using isolated rat mesangial cells. Mesangial cell contraction is believed to reduce the filtration surface area of the glomerulus and, therefore, the glomerular filtration rate. In these cells angiotensin II not only induces contraction but also increases the rate of synthesis of PGE2. Associated with the acute reduction in renal function after induction of an immune glomerular nephritis in rats, there is a marked increase in glomerular thromboxane synthesis. The thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben inhibits this increase and prevents the acute renal changes which occur in untreated animals during the first 3 hours after antibody injection. However, thromboxane synthetase inhibitors have no influence on renal function when nephrotoxic serum nephritis has been establised for 14 days. In conclusion, maintenance of adequate renal function would seem to be dependent on a balance of substances causing mesangial relaxation (PGE2 and PGI2) and contraction (thromboxanes, endoperoxides and leukotrienes). In certain disease states this balance is upset and there is a compensatory increase in prostaglandin synthesis. Patients with such conditions may be at particular risk of developing renal toxicity if treated with NSAIDs.
Thermocapillary migration of a fluid droplet inside a drop in a space laboratory

Abstract The thermocapillary migration of a fluid droplet located inside a liquid drop in a space laboratory is analyzed. The quasi-static momentum and energy equations are solved at the instant when the droplet passes the center of the drop. Results are presented for prescribed axisymmetric distributions of temperature on the drop surface.
On the Equivalent Fire Exposure

Le EFE (Equivalent Fire Exposure) sert a quantifier le potentiel destructif des incendies de comportements en fonction du temps de rupture des elements de construction lors d'essais au feu standard. On passe en revue cinq methodes de calcul du EFE et on les compare a la lumiere de quelques donnees experimentales
Social organization in a flatworm: trematode parasites form soldier and reproductive castes

In some of the most complex animal societies, individuals exhibit a cooperative division of labour to form castes. The most pronounced types of caste formation involve reproductive and non-reproductive forms that are morphologically distinct. In colonies comprising separate or mobile individuals, this type of caste formation has been recognized only among the arthropods, sea anemones and mole-rats. Here, we document physical and behavioural caste formation in a flatworm. Trematode flatworm parasites undergo repeated clonal reproduction of ‘parthenitae’ within their molluscan hosts forming colonies. We present experimental and observational data demonstrating specialization among trematode parthenitae to form distinct soldier and reproductive castes. Soldiers do not reproduce, have relatively large mouthparts, and are much smaller and thinner than reproductives. Soldiers are also more active, and are disproportionally common in areas of the host where invasions occur. Further, only soldiers readily and consistently attack heterospecifics and conspecifics from other colonies. The division of labour described here for trematodes is strongly analogous to that characterizing other social systems with a soldier caste. The parallel caste formation in these systems, despite varying reproductive mode and taxonomic affiliation, indicates the general importance of ecological factors in influencing the evolution of social behaviour. Further, the ‘recognition of self’ and the defence of the infected host body from invading parasites are comparable to aspects of immune defence. A division of labour is probably widespread among trematodes and trematode species encompass considerable taxonomic, life history and environmental diversity. Trematodes should therefore provide new, fruitful systems to investigate the ecology and evolution of sociality.
Consideration of norm temperature and local thermodynamic equilibrium models for emission and ionization in inductively coupled plasmas

Abstract Norm temperature and local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) models of emission intensity and ionization in ICPs are discussed. Based on each of the two models, detailed predictions of emission intensities and total atom, singly charged ion and doubly charged ion fractions are presented. The predicted behavior is compared to previously published experimental data. The norm temperature model results appear to be consistent with the experimentally observed behavior of the peak in emission intensity as a function of height in the plasma. However, assumptions made in the norm temperature model are inconsistent with LTE. LTE model predictions do not match experimentally observed data as a function of temperature. The LTE model results do not show a peak in emission intensity or ion to atom intensity ratio as a function of temperature from 3000 to 10000 K. The LTE model predicts that analytes in He ICPs should be more highly ionized than in LTE Ar plasmas. However, experimentally, He plasmas should be further from LTE. Possible causes of the disagreement between model predictions and experimental data include radiative deexcitation, non-LTE electron temperatures, mass transport effects, slow vaporization or ionization kinetics and non steady-state conditions.
Treatment of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Infections

Objective: To define the clinical characteristics of patients infected with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and the outcome of the infections without the availability of effective antimicrobial therapy. Methods: Charts of 28 patients with VRE infections were reviewed for demographics, clinical findings at the time of isolation of VRE, underlying medical problems, surgical procedures, invasive devices, treatment with antimicrobial agents, microbiological data, and patients' responses and outcomes. Results: The infections included 6 cases of bacteremia, 9 surgical site infections (SSIs), 4 cases of peritonitis, 2 pelvic abscesses, 7 urinary tract infections (UTIs), and 2 soft tissue infections (STIs). Four of the 6 bacteremia cases were central-line related and resolved with line removal alone; 1 was treated with a combination product of quinupristin and dalfopristin (Synercid) and 1 had persistent bacteremia in the presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Seven of 9 SSIs resolved with surgical debridement and 2 of the 9 patients received antibiotics for organisms other than VRE. Similarly, 2 patients with STIs were treated with local debridement and antibiotics directed at organisms other than VRE and 2 patients with pelvic abscesses were treated with drainage and surgical debridement with antibiotics directed at other organisms; the infections resolved completely. Patients with peritonitis were treated with removal of their Tenckhoff catheters, drainage, and irrigation and 1 patient was treated with quinupristin-dalfopristin; 3 of 4 patients were cured. Two of 7 patients with UTIs were treated with nitrofurantoin and their urine cultures showed no growth after treatment; however, most patients with UTIs experienced resolution despite a lack of specific antimicrobial therapy. Conclusions: Although no antimicrobial agents are currently available for VRE infections, VRE line-related bacteremias could be treated by line removal alone. Surgical site infections, STIs, and abscesses could be managed by surgical debridement and drainage without specific antimicrobial agents against VRE and UTIs could be resolved with nitrofurantoin or removal of Foley catheters. Removal of foreign devices, debridement, and surgical drainage seemed to be important in the resolution of VRE infections. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:2579-2584
Mechanism of Actin Network Stabilization by Changes in Polymer Flexibility by Calponin

The cellular actin cytoskeleton plays a central role in the ability of cells to properly sense, propagate, and respond to external stresses and other mechanical stimuli. The actin binding protein calponin has been previously implicated in actin cytoskeletal regulation and is thought to act as an actin stabilizer, but the mechanism of its function is poorly understood.To investigate the underlying physical mechanism, we studied an in vitro model system of crosslinked actin using bulk rheology. Networks with basic calponin exhibited a delayed onset of strain stiffening (gamma crit) and were able to withstand higher strains (gamma max) and stresses (sigma max) before failing. Using fluorescence microscopy to study the mechanics of single actin filaments, we found that calponin increased the flexibility of actin filaments. Our data are consistent with current models of affine strain behavior in semiflexible polymer networks, suggesting that calponin stabilization of actin networks can be explained by changes in single filament mechanics. Comparisons to computational models indicate that a reduction of persistence length of individual actin filaments is the primary mechanism by which calponin stabilizes actin networks against shear.Representative stress-strain curve shown below:View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
It's All in Their Heads: Reflective Abstraction as an Alternative to the Moral Discussion Group

This study examined two distinct moral reasoning interventions: an interindividual intervention, in which students discussed moral dilemmas, and an intraindividual intervention, in which students individually reflected on moral dilemmas. Ninety-seven 6th- and 7th-grade students were administered pre- and posttest measures of the Sociomoral Reflection Measure (Gibbs, Basinger, & Fuller, 1992). Participants were randomly assigned to either treatment (moral) or placebo (nonmoral) conditions. The results indicated no difference in moral reasoning was between students in the two experimental groups and indicated that students in both experimental groups made significant gains in moral reasoning compared with students in placebo groups.
Probing Biomolecule Recognition with Electron Transfer: Electrochemical Sensors for DNA Hybridization

Identifying infectious organisms, quantitating gene expression, and sequencing genomic DNA on chips all rely on the detection of nucleic acid hybridization. Described here is a novel assay for detection of the hybridization of products of the polymerase chain reaction using electron transfer from guanine to a transition-metal complex. The hybridization assay was modeled in solution by monitoring the cyclic voltammetry of Ru(bpy)3(2+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) in the presence of a probe strand containing only A, T, and C prior to and after hybridization to a complement that contained seven guanines, which led to high catalytic current due to the oxidation of guanine by Ru(bpy)3(3+). To allow recognition of all four bases in the target sequence, it was shown that inosine 5'-monophosphate was 3 orders of magnitude less reactive than guanosine 5'-monophosphate, suggesting that effective hybridization sensors could be realized by immobilization of probe strands in which inosine was substituted for guanosine; hybridization to guanosine-containing target strands would then provide high catalytic currents. A sensor design was tested in a model system for the detection of a synthetic 21-mer oligonucleotide patterned on the sequence of the ras oncogene, which gave an increase in charge collected of 35 +/- 5 microC after hybridization and of only 8 +/- 5 microC after exposure to noncomplementary DNA. Independent quantitation of probe and target by radiolabeling showed that the hybridized electrode contained 3.0 +/- 0.3 ng of target. New sensor electrodes were then prepared for the detection of PCR-amplified genomic DNA from herpes simplex virus type II, genomic DNA from Clostridium perfringens, and genomic RNA from human immunodeficiency virus and gave an additional charge of 35-65 microC for hybridization to complementary amplicon and of only 2-10 microC after exposure to noncomplementary DNA.
Fine mapping of gene probes and anonymous DNA fragments to the long arm of chromosome 16.

Abstract The fragile site, FRA16B , at 16q22.100 and four different translocations with breakpoints at 16q22.102, 16q22.105, 16q22.108, and 16q22.3 were used to locate and order DNA probes. This was achieved by Southern analysis of a somatic cell hybrid panel containing portions of chromosome 16 and by in situ hybridization. The anonymous DNA fragments D16S6, D16S10 , and D16S11 were proximal to FRA16B and located at 16q13 → q22.100. D16S4 and LCAT were located at 16q22.100 → q22.102. TAT and HP were located at 16q22.105 → q22.108. CTRB was located distal to 16q22.105 and therefore is in the distal half of 16q22. The order of marker in this region was determined as centromere- D16S6, D16S11, D16S10, MT-FRA16B-D16S4, LCAT-HP, TAT, CTRB-APRT -telomere. Linkage studies to determine map distances between the closest markers flanking the fragile site are now in progress.
Relationship between individual neuron and network spontaneous activity in developing mouse cortex

Spontaneous synchronous activity (SSA) that propagates as electrical waves is found in numerous central nervous system structures and is critical for normal development, but the mechanisms of gener...
Foreign-body ingestion in patients with personality disorders.

Received September 29, 2005; revised February 10, 2006; accepted February 17, 2006. From the Dept. of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. Send correspondence and reprint requests to David F. Gitlin, M.D. e-mail: dgitlin@partners.org Copyright 2007 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine The medical care of patients who engage in repeated acts of deliberate self-harm can prove costly, both economically and in terms of the morale of their careproviders. Accordingly, there has been a wealth of discussion in both the psychiatric and medical literature regarding the diagnostic, treatment, and fiscal questions that arise in caring for patients with severe personality disorders who cut, burn, or otherwise mutilate themselves. Much of that discussion has focused on psychiatric patients with personality disorders, particularly borderline and narcissistic personality disorders. In stark contrast, the literature offers comparatively little discussion of the unique problems inherent in treating patients who harm themselves by deliberately ingesting foreign bodies. In this article, we will review what is known about deliberate foreign-body ingestion, present several illustrative cases, and discuss some of the clinical problems they pose, with a particular focus on this behavior in patients with personality disorders. There are many unique challenges in treating patients who engage in deliberate foreign-body ingestion as a method of self-harm. Whereas other forms of mutilation may be dangerous to patients and distressing to their treaters, foreign-body ingestion carries a sense of insidiousness in the lack of outward evidence that harm has been done and in the latent risk of further injury even after a diagnosis has been made. This danger persists until an ingested object is either passed or removed. Furthermore, although a patient’s environment can be controlled for objects used for cutting or burning, it is nearly impossible to prevent access to all potentially ingestible objects. The existing literature consists almost entirely of case reports detailing the medical and surgical aspects of this phenomenon, and scant reference is made to the psychiatric care of such patients. It seems unlikely that the repeated ingestion of foreign bodies would not elicit psychiatric consultation, and it is thus surprising that psychological investigation of this phenomenon is so limited. Review of previous case reports in the psychiatric literature reveals that the population engaging in this behavior seems to separate into four distinct diagnostic subgroups: 1) malingering; 2) psychosis; 3) pica; and 4) personality disorders. We will briefly review the first three subgroups, and then focus the remaining discussion on patients with personality disorders.
FlexRAM: Toward an advanced Intelligent Memory system: A retrospective paper

The work that lead to our ICCD-1999 FlexRAM paper [4] started in 1996. At that time, there was great interest in the potential of integrating compute capabilities in large DRAM memories — an architecture called Processing-In-Memory (PIM) or Intelligent Memory. Prof. Kogge at the University of Notre Dame had been an early and persistent proponent of the technology since his EXECUBE work [6]. Prof. Patterson at UC Berkeley had been leading the Berkeley IRAM project [11], and co-organized a workshop on these architectures in June 1997 [12]. In addition, Dr. Lucas from DARPA was outlining plans for an effort in this area. Finally, some chip manufacturers were investing in a DRAM technology that could be compatible with high-speed logic — e.g., IBM's CMOS 7LD and Mitsubishi's ERAM.
The cumulative effect of random losses in a transmission line

Abstract When a signal travelling along a transmission line encounters a discontinuity, part of the signal is reflected and the rest continues toward the next discontinuity, where another portion is reflected and the remaining portion continues, and so forth. The reflected portions are re-reflected at discontinuities, tending perhaps to reinforce the original signal, or not, depending on the phase, and so on. If a number of discontinuities are present, the situation can become quite complicated, particularly when the characteristics of the discontinuities, usually described in terms of a complex reflection coefficient having phase and magnitude, are so imprecise as to be considered random. This paper describes how to find the probability distribution of cumulative losses from reflections at discontinuities in a transmission line, on the assumption that the reflection coefficients have random phase and magnitude expressed as a nominal value ± a random error.
The Double Life of Irs

The liver plays a central role in lipid and glucose metabolism. Two studies in this issue (Kubota et al., 2008; Dong et al., 2008) on the insulin-signaling adaptors Irs1 and Irs2 prompt a critical reappraisal of the physiology of fasting and of the integrated control of hepatic insulin action.
820 Immunohistochemical analysis of p34cdc2 and cyclin B cell localization in recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after irradiation

After exposure to ionizing radiation, eukaryotic cells undergo a G2 delay which contributes to the ability of cells to survive irradiation. For some radioresistant cell lines, this delay is prolonged. Entry of cells into mitosis is regulated by a complex of two proteins cyclin B, and the serine-threonine p34cdc2 kinase. When this complex is activated, it undergoes a transport from cytoplasm into the nucleus and phosphorylates proteins which lead to mitosis. P34cdc2 kinase is activated by binding to cyclin B and by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of p34cdc2. Since G2 delay after irradiation has been correlated with a rapid inhibition of p34cdc2 activity and an enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation, we hypothesized that radioresistant tumors could have a lack in regulation of p34cdc2 kinase activity. In this study, we entered 32 patients treated, from 1983 through 1989 at the Claudius Regaud Center, for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by surgery and standard post-operative doses of radiotherapy. The paraffin embedded tumor specimens had been sampled before radiotherapy for long term controlled patients (n = 7) and before and after radiotherapy for patients who had developed a recurrence in the irradiation fields (n = 25). Immunohistochemical staining was performed with monoclonal antibodies against p34cdc2 (sc-54) and cyclin B (sc-245). A semi-quantitative score was used. For p34cdc2 analysis, no difference in intensity of staining was observed between long term controlled patients and those who recurred or, when there was a recurrence before and after radiotherapy. However, there was a highly significant difference (P
The importance of tracing data through the visualization pipeline

Visualization research focuses either on the transformation steps necessary to create a visualization from data, or on the perception of structures after they have been shown on the screen. We argue that an end-to-end approach is necessary that tracks the data all the way through the required steps, and provides ways of measuring the impact of any of the transformations. By feeding that information back into the pipeline, visualization systems will be able to adapt the display to the data being shown, the parameters of the output device, and even the user.
The phytotoxicity of some methylphosphonofluoridates

The phytotoxicity of some O-alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates has been studied by examining the effects of the compounds and their likely breakdown products on the germination of wheat seed and on the growth of wheat seedlings (14 to 18 days old) in hydroponic culture. The four O-alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates (ethyl; isopropyl; 3,3-dimethylbut-2-yl(pinacolyl) and cyclohexyl) were found to be phytotoxic and the phytotoxicity was shown to be a property of the compounds as such and not of their breakdown products. The phytotoxicity of the phosphonofluoridates was apparently influenced by the nature of the O-alkyl group and tended to increase as follows: ethyl <isopropyl < pinacolyl <cyclohexyl.
Numerical Magneto-Mechanics of Embedded Magnetostrictive Composite Sensors

Numerical models are generated for magneto-mechanical analysis of Terfenol-D embedded in a carbon fiber laminate with delaminations. The modeling is broken down into three stages; each having studies to observe the affect of the controlling parameters on the magnetic signature. The first stage, which is presented in this paper, involves modeling the magnetostrictive layer and excitation coil. This stage contains three preliminary studies to observe the affect of the controlling parameters on the magnetic flux density. The modeling geometry and the magneto-mechanical properties of the magnetostrictive particle (MSP) layer, Terfenol-D, were also defined. Study I consisted of models with 1, 15, 30, and 100 subdomains in the Terfenol-D layer to simulate particulate actuation. The results revealed that subdomain refinement has a significant affect, altering the magnetic flux density by at least one order of magnitude. Furthermore, the study revealed that the magnitude of the magnetic flux density converged at 15, 30, and 100 divisions. Study II was conducted to investigate the affect of the alternating current frequency on the magnetic flux density magnitude. The frequency was varied from 100 Hz to 3000 Hz on all the models. The results from the frequency variation study revealed that flux density of the Terfenol-D modeled with the 15, 30, and 100 divisions was not significantly affected by the change in frequency from 100–3000 Hz. Study III uses Ampere’s Law and a magnetostriction equation for the magnetic flux density to analytically validate the numerical results from the flux density plot. The initial results reveal that the numerical results follow the correct trend, but the magnitudes are being validated. A preliminary model for the second stage, which consists of modeling the Terfenol-D layer embedded in a carbon fiber laminate, is shown. Experimental samples were also made to validate the numerical results in the future. These samples are made of unidirectional prepreg carbon fiber embedded with Terfnol-D. They have varying internal delaminations, ply orientations, and number of plies. The results presented in this work are preliminary, and will be used as a foundation for continuing this research.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The synthesis of macrocyclic ether-esters, thioether-esters, and ether-thiolesters with the oxalyl moiety

A new series of macrocyclic polyether-diesler compounds (3-12) have been prepared by treating various oligoethylene glyeols or mercaplans with oxalyl chloride. The compounds prepared were: 1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane-2,3-dione (3), 1,4,7,1 3-tetraoxa-10-thiacyclopenta-decane-2,3-dione (4), 1,4,10-lrioxa-7,13-dithiacyclopenladecane-2,3-dione (5), 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane-2,3-dione (6), 1,4,7,10,13, 16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane-2,3,11,12-tetra-one (7), 1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-dithiacyclooctadecane-2,3,11,12-tetraone (8), 7,16-dioxa-1,4, 10,13-letralhiacyclooctadecane-2,3,11,12-tctraone (9), 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexathiacyclooctadecane-2,3,11,12-tetraone (10), 1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptaoxacyclohencicosane-2,3-dione (11), and 1,4,7, 10,13,16,19,22-octaoxacyclolelracosane-2,3,14,15-letraone (12).
Management of Infected Thoracic Aortic Prosthetic Grafts

Between 1975 and 1981, late infection of the prosthesis developed in 4 out of 207 patients (1.9%) who had prosthetic grafts placed in the chest or mediastinum. Organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (2 patients), Enterococcus, and Aspergillus. Infection occurred 4 to 57 months after initially clean operations for thoracoabdominal aneurysm, aortic angioplasty with valve replacement, ruptured postcoarctation aneurysm, and type A dissecting aortic aneurysm. All 4 patients were managed successfully and remain free from infection 11 to 42 months later. Based on this experience, several guidelines useful in the management of these infections have evolved: (1) prompt reoperation with complete debridement of infected and necrotic tissue, (2) removal of infected prosthetic material if suture lines are involved, (3) local antiseptic irrigation and appropriate, specific systemic antibiotics, (4) rerouting of blood flow through clean operative fields, and (5) use of pedicle flaps.
Analytic reduced‐order dynamic models for large equilibrium staged cascades

A model reduction technique based upon modal analysis is presented for modeling the dynamics of general, large equilibrium staged cascades encountered in chemical processes. The analysis is general enough to encompass quite complex cascades involving multiple fee and/or product streams with nonideal thermodynamic behavior. The low-order models proposed have a number of desirable features: the state variables have physical significance and model parameters are clearly related to the fundamental process parameters which are easily obtainable from steady-state plant data. Quantitatively it is shown that the low-order models proposed are in excellent agreement with the complete (high-order) dynamic models on a range of problems some of which involve complex, nonideal cascades.
Beliefs about Condoms and Accessibility of Condom Intentions in Hispanic and African American Youth

During the sumnerof 1989, 30 Hispanic (15 male, 15female) and34AfricanAmerican (17 male, 17 female) Detroit youth participated in face-to-face interviews designed to identify condom beliefs that may influence condom use in young minority populations. Also of interest was the utility of the construct accessibility model (CAM) in explaining condom use behavior. Results suggest several participants believed condoms protect against AIDS and several believed that condoms break. Condom intentions were accessible in more African American than Hispanic participants (Fisher's exact, p < .04, two tailed), and consistent with the CAM, condom use in the 12-month period preceding the interview was associated with accessibility of condom intentions (Fisher's exact, p < .0001, two tailed).
Treatment of Circulatory Collapse of Experimental Venous Occlusion: Use of Adrenal Cortical Extract and Saline Solution

SummaryThe shocklike syndrome of circulatory collapse and prostration was induced in a series of 18 dogs by a regional venous occlusion. Treatment at the time of collapse, by infusion of ACE and physiological saline, resulted in a marked increase in survival time in 6. In a control group of 12, saline infusion alone prolonged survival time in 2. ACE alone in a series of 12 proved ineffective.
Church Stewardship Evaluation Information Requirements: A Pilot Study

There is a potential for financial abuse in church organizations. Large amounts of money are collected, performance is difficult to measure, and financial records and controls are often not as strong as in other not-for-profit organizations. Members/ donors of church organizations must be able to judge the financial stewardship of the organizations. Thus, financial statements for churches must include usable information and be in an understandable format. This study examines the appropriateness of two different types of financial statements: the GAAP format and a specialized church format.
Microsomal metabolism of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor L-739,010: evidence for furan bioactivation.

The novel 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor [1S,5R]-3-cyano-1-(3-furyl)-6-{6-[3-(3α-hydroxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl)]pyridin-2-yl-methoxyl}naphthalene (L-739,010), when administered to rats and rhesus monkeys, was found to produce metabolites which appeared to be covalently bound to plasma proteins. Incubation of [14C]L-739,010 with rat liver microsomes did not yield appreciable amounts of soluble metabolites but resulted in covalent binding to microsomal proteins. The covalent binding was NADPH-dependent and was enhanced by 1.5- and 2-fold in liver microsomes from rats, pretreated with phenobarbital and dexamethasone, respectively. Addition of triacetyloleandomycin and diethyldithiocarbamate to the incubation mixture inhibited the covalent binding by 60% and 46%, respectively. These findings suggest that the cytochrome P450 3A family of enzymes play an important role in the bioactivation of L-739,010. The presence of GSH attenuated the covalent binding by 50%, while methoxylamine, an aldehyde trapping agen...
The Fibrous Proteins Of Stratum Corneum

The proteins of cow snout stratum corneum can be extracted in pan with Tris buffer, pH 9.0, containing 6 M urea. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that about half the extracted material migrates as prekeratin when the extract is treated with both SDS and mercaptoethanol; only trace amounts of the proteins migrating as prekeratin are seen when SDS alone is used. The urea extract gives precipitin lines to an antibody against prekeratin. After exhaustive extraction with the Tris-urea buffer an additional amount of protein is solubilized by extraction with buffer containing mercaptoethanol. This extract shows an electrophoretic pattern similar but not identical to prekeratin. These results suggest that the stratum corneum contains fibrous proteins with different degrees of cross-linking. An analogous system has also been observed in human stratum corneum.
Do disk arms move

Measurement of the lengths of disk arm movements in a 2314 disk storage facility of an IBM 360/67 operating under the Michigan Terminal System yielded the unexpected data that the arms need not move in 63% of the accesses and need move for an average of only 30ms. in the remaining 37% of the cases. A description and analysis of a possible mechanism of action is presented. The predictions of this model do not disagree with the measured data.
Calculation of vapour-liquid equilibria from vapour pressure data

Abstract The application of rigorous thermodynamic methods allows the calculation of vapour-liquid equilibrium data for binary systems from measurements of the total vapour pressures exerted by the liquid phase. Of the methods known, integration of the coexistence equation is considered most convenient. Exact forms of this equation are derived for both the constant-temperature and constant-pressure cases of binary equilibria. Applications are made to the ethanol-toluene system.
Acute Thrombosis of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm followed by Delayed Rupture Associated with Bacterial Infection

Sudden thrombosis of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is distinctly rare and is associated with up to 50% mortality. Almost equally rare is infection of a preexisting AAA. We report an extremely unusual case of an AAA that thrombosed leading to acute limb ischemia. This was followed several months later by a delayed rupture of the thrombosed AAA associated with an Escherichia coli infection. We suspect the aortic thrombus was hematogenously seeded by a urinary tract infection. A review of the literature revealed that bacterial infection of a previously thrombosed AAA, leading to a delayed rupture, has not been previously reported.
Modeling of dielectric barrier discharge and resulting fluid dynamics

Glow discharge at atmospheric pressure using a dielectric barrier discharge can induce fluid flow, and operate as an actuator in flow control. In the present work, a modeling framework is presented to study the evolution and interaction of such athermal non-equilibrium plasma discharges in conjunction with low Mach number fluid dynamics. Under atmospheric pressure, the discharge can be simulated using a plasmafluid instead of a kinetic model. The plasma and fluid species are treated as a two-fluid system coupled through force and pressure interactions, over a few decades of length and time scales. The multiple-scale processes such as convection, diffusion, and reaction/ionization mechanisms make the transport equations of the plasma dynamics stiff. To handle the stiffness, a sequential finite-volume operator-split algorithm capable of conserving space charge is employed. The fluid dynamics is solved using a pressurebased algorithm in a multi-block framework and can handle 3-D curvilinear grids. A body force treatment is devised to link the plasma dynamics and fluid dynamics. The resulting body force field can improve a previously proposed analytical-empirical treatment. The outcome of the body force field on the fluid flow is an attached wall jet type flow capable of modifying the near wall flow structures.