cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physiological resistance alters behavioral response of Tetranychus urticae to acaricides

Multiple acaricide resistance in Tetranychus urticae continues to threaten crop production globally, justifying the need to adequately study resistance for sustainable pest management. Most studies on acaricide resistance have focused on the acute contact toxicity of acaricides with little or no information on the behavioral responses elicited after acaricide exposure. Furthermore, the impact of physiological resistance on these behavioral responses remains unknown in most pest species, including T. urticae. We tested the effect of acaricide resistance on contact toxicity, irritancy and repellency of mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor of complex I (MET-I) and mite growth inhibitor (MGI) acaricides on multiple T. urticae strains. We also tested whether acaricides with similar physiological target site/mode of action also elicit similar behavioral effects on T. urticae strains. MET-I acaricides (fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, and pyrabiden) and MGIs (clofentezine, hexythiazox and etoxazole) elicited a dose-dependent irritant and repellent effect on T. urticae. Selection of strains for physiological resistance to these acaricides affected the behavioral response of T. urticae, especially in MET-I resistant strains, that showed reduced irritancy and repellency to MET-I acaricides. Behavioral response also affected the oviposition of T. urticae, where strains generally showed preferential oviposition away from the acaricides. The outcome of this study highlights negative consequences of acaricide resistance that can potentially affect T. urticae management.
Total Knee Bartonella henselae Infection: An Unusual Manifestation of Cat Scratch Disease: A Case Report.

Case This is the first clinical report of periprosthetic total joint infection caused by Bartonella henselae. A 65-year-old woman developed an acutely painful total knee 3 weeks after a cat scratch. Serial joint aspirations and tissue cultures failed to identify any organism. Diagnosis was performed with polymerase chain reaction analysis. She underwent a 2-stage revision with successful symptom resolution. Conclusions Bartonella is an unusual cause of total knee infection requiring alternative techniques for diagnosis because cultures are unlikely to be definitive.
Multilinear algebra and parallel programming

We discuss a programming methodology based on the use of multilinear algebra to design and implement parallel algorithms for linear computations. In particular, we review techniques for implementing expressions involving the tensor product. We then show how the tensor product can be used to formulate Strassen's matrix multiplication algorithm. We report on our experience using this formulation and these techniques to implement a parallel version of Strassen's matrix multiplication algorithm on the Encore Multimax.
Theory of Planned Behavior and Perceived Role Model as Predictors of Nutrition and Physical Activity Behaviors Among College Students in Health-Related Disciplines

Physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviors among college students in health-related disciplines are understudied. We used theory of planned behavior (TPB) and role model beliefs (RMB) to predict PA and eating behaviors of college students in health-related programs (nurses, physical education, exercise science, and athletic training). A 26-item survey was administered among the participants. Independent variables included TPB constructs and RMB measured on a 5-point scale. PA was measured by multiplicative scores of students' number of days by the amount of time spent exercising per week. Nutrition behavior was measured using fruits (2½ c-eq/day), vegetables (2½ c-eq/day), dairy (2 c-eq/day), grains (6 oz-eq/day), and proteins (5½ oz-eq/day). Multiple regression analyses were used to predict PA and nutrition behaviors. A total of 271 college health majors (mean age 22.5 ± 4.6 years) participated in the study. The majority (56.8%) of students did not meet the weekly PA guidelines and 43.2% did not meet the recommended dietary guidelines for daily servings of food groups combined. Regression analyses showed that outcome evaluation, behavioral belief, and RMB, were significantly related with student’s PA behavior and they accounted for 34%, 8%, and 1% of the variance, respectively (total R2 = 44.7). Outcome evaluation and behavioral beliefs were significantly related with nutritional behavior and they accounted for 13.3%, and 5.3% of the variance respectively (total R2 = 18.6). TPB (outcome evaluation, behavioral belief) and RMB could be used to guide programs in promoting PA and nutrition behavior among college health majors.
Structure and atomic transport of liquid titanium from a pair potential model

We report structural and atomic transport properties of liquid Ti, which are poorly understood at high temperatures. The studies were performed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation based on a potential model that accounts for the role of $d$ electrons. The interactions between ions are described by a pair potential built within the pseudopotential formalism obtained by an inverse scattering approach that consists of a repulsive core and long-range Friedel oscillations. The parameters determining the $s$- and $d$- electron contributions to the potential are deduced from the knowledge of liquid structure and diffusion coefficient at the melting temperature. The clear connection between local order and atomic transport in liquids emerges from the molecular dynamics simulation. The calculated pair correlation function and structure factor show very good agreement with recently available ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and experimental results, respectively. By comparing the temperature dependence of diffusion coefficient and viscosity, the effective pair potential based on the pseudopotential method provides a significantly important portion of the high temperature properties of liquid Ti and strongly validates the accuracy of the method. The activation energy of the liquid metals is obtained by fitting the Arrhenius formula. The approach presented herein gives a broader and deeper insight into the transition metal liquid state.
Novel use of esophageal overtube and water flushes as a safety indicator and facilitator for the push technique in esophageal food impaction

Esophageal food impaction requires urgent endoscopic intervention either by extraction or pushing into the stomach. Due to risks of perforation, controversy exists between when to extract verses when to push the food bolus. There are no clear guidelines on when it is safe to push a food bolus; endoscopists rely on their subjective experiences and judgment. We present a case with a novel use of an esophageal overtube and water flushes to determine the safety of pushing a food bolus and facilitate passage into the stomach.
Universal Consistency of Decision Trees in High Dimensions

This paper shows that decision trees constructed with Classification and Regression Trees (CART) methodology are universally consistent in an additive model context, even when the number of predictor variables scales exponentially with the sample size, under certain $1$-norm sparsity constraints. The consistency is universal in the sense that there are no a priori assumptions on the distribution of the predictor variables. Amazingly, this adaptivity to (approximate or exact) sparsity is achieved with a single tree, as opposed to what might be expected for an ensemble. Finally, we show that these qualitative properties of individual trees are inherited by Breiman's random forests. Another surprise is that consistency holds even when the "mtry" tuning parameter vanishes as a fraction of the number of predictor variables, thus speeding up computation of the forest. A key step in the analysis is the establishment of an oracle inequality, which precisely characterizes the goodness-of-fit and complexity tradeoff for a misspecified model.
National Forces in the 1986 House Elections

Analysis of the ABC News/Washington Post Congressional District Poll and related data demonstrates that voting in 1986 elections to the U.S. House of Representatives was strongly affected both by the strength of nonincumbent candidates (measured by campaign spending) and by voters' opinions on national issues. Moreover, strong candidacies and issue opinions were mutually reinforcing: stronger challengers benefitted more from favorable national issues, and the influence of national issues was greater in districts with well-financed challenges. Thus, even when national forces present few exploitable issues and inspire few strong challenges, issue voting occurs when local conditions are conducive to it.
Real-time conversion of tissue-scale mechanical forces into an interdigitated growth pattern.

The leaf epidermis is a dynamic biomechanical shell that integrates growth across spatial scales to influence organ morphology. Pavement cells, the fundamental unit of this tissue, morph irreversibly into highly lobed cells that drive planar leaf expansion. Here, we define how tissue-scale cell wall tensile forces and the microtubule–cellulose synthase systems dictate the patterns of interdigitated growth in real time. A morphologically potent subset of cortical microtubules span the periclinal and anticlinal cell faces to pattern cellulose fibres that generate a patch of anisotropic wall. The subsequent local polarized growth is mechanically coupled to the adjacent cell via a pectin-rich middle lamella, and this drives lobe formation. Finite element pavement cell models revealed cell wall tensile stress as an upstream patterning element that links cell- and tissue-scale biomechanical parameters to interdigitated growth. Cell lobing in leaves is evolutionarily conserved, occurs in multiple cell types and is associated with important agronomic traits. Our general mechanistic models of lobe formation provide a foundation to analyse the cellular basis of leaf morphology and function. Pavement cells in the epidermal layer of plant leaves are frequently used to study plant cell morphogenesis. Comprehensive mechanistic models are now developed to integrate the mechanisms underlying the process of symmetry breaking and lobe formation in pavement cells.
Millennial Management Practices of International School Administrators in Thailand

The purpose of this mixed method research using concurrent nested (embedded) design was to investigate the relationship between the extent of practice of management functions and the extent of practice of management skills of school administrators. The management functions were very good which was obtained from the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The management skill was very good which was obtained from conceptual and design, interpersonal or human and technical. The capabilities on organizing and controlling need maintenance or even enhancement while the constraints on planning and leading need to be addressed by the administrators in their practice of millennial management functions. The only capability on skills is on the human relations/interpersonal skills need maintenance or enhancement while the constraints on conceptual and technical skills need improvements. The validated output is humbly recommended for use by the school administrators to enhance the practice of management functions and management skills. The result of this study is further recommended as basis of future researchers in assessing the performance of school administrators of other countries.
Automatic Metadata Extraction Incorporating Visual Features from Scanned Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) contain domain knowledge that can be used for many digital library tasks, such as analyzing citation networks and predicting research trends. Automatic metadata extraction is important to build scalable digital library search engines. Most existing methods are designed for born-digital documents, so they often fail to extract metadata from scanned documents such as for ETDs. Traditional sequence tagging methods mainly rely on text-based features. In this paper, we propose a conditional random field (CRF) model that combines text-based and visual features. To verify the robustness of our model, we extended an existing corpus and created a new ground truth corpus consisting of 500 ETD cover pages with human validated metadata. Our experiments show that CRF with visual features outperformed both a heuristic and a CRF model with only text-based features. The proposed model achieved 81.3%-96% F1 measure on seven metadata fields. The data and source code are publicly available on Google Drive (this https URL) and a GitHub repository (this https URL), respectively.
Contrastive Mixup: Self- and Semi-Supervised learning for Tabular Domain.

Recent literature in self-supervised has demonstrated significant progress in closing the gap between supervised and unsupervised methods in the image and text domains. These methods rely on domain-specific augmentations that are not directly amenable to the tabular domain. Instead, we introduce Contrastive Mixup, a semi-supervised learning framework for tabular data and demonstrate its effectiveness in limited annotated data settings. Our proposed method leverages Mixup-based augmentation under the manifold assumption by mapping samples to a low dimensional latent space and encourage interpolated samples to have high a similarity within the same labeled class. Unlabeled samples are additionally employed via a transductive label propagation method to further enrich the set of similar and dissimilar pairs that can be used in the contrastive loss term. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework on public tabular datasets and real-world clinical datasets.
Shape Modeling with Fractals

Fractal phenomena are a source of geometric detail that can be difficult to harness for general purpose shape modeling. We present a method for modeling surfaces by warping a fractal onto a given mesh. The warp is specified by the user as a coarse displacement field and interpolated by triharmonic radial basis functions. Efficient methods for rendering the warped fractal by ray tracing and isosurface extraction are presented. Examples are shown using several escape-time fractals and low-poly meshes.
Buckling of Shear Buildings

Buckling of structures under assumption of their being shear buildings is considered with imaginary spring imposed at each floor level; first mode of buckling and maximum eigenvalue are calculated by flexibility method with usual iteration techniques, from which minimum buckling load is determined; graph showing buckling load against number of stories of building.
16 Event Related Potentials and Language Processes

Publisher Summary Although nearly one hundred scientific papers purporting to deal with evoked potential correlates of language processes have been published over the past three decades, little specific information is currently known concerning the electrophysiological correlates of language. This is especially true in the areas of syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and sentence processing. While phonology has received more systematic attention than the other divisions of language, even there large tracts remain virtually untouched. Such poor progress in spite of the relatively large number of Event Related Potential (ERP) studies can be attributed to (1) the general lack of systematic research except in only a few studies, (2) a simplified view of language coupled with the absence of an overall linguistically oriented approach to guide stimulus selection and control as well as the experimental design, (3) the more prevalent interest in ERP demonstrations of laterality—a situation that may have distracted investigators from identifying specific ERP differences to language related stimuli, (4) the use of few electrode sites, with the majority of studies using two sites, (5)the use of inappropriate analysis procedures or the absence of objective statistical techniques, (6) conclusions that over-generalize from the absence of effects or which ignore effects not in keeping with the hypotheses being advanced.
An International Framework Agreement on Scientific and Technological Innovation and Regulation

When states take legal action to respond to scientific and technological developments, international coordination is essential, both to make regulation effective and to avoid the economic costs and political frictions experienced in the case of GMOs. Far more than domestic legal processes, however, the traditional means of international law-making – the accumulation of customary state practices and bilateral or multilateral treaty negotiations – are manifestly ill-suited to keep pace with rapidly changing science and technology. Some areas of international law, notably certain environmental treaties, feature faster, more flexible procedures, but these remain limited in scope. This paper proposes an innovative, multi-level approach to international coordination: a framework convention on innovation and regulation; inter-agency coordination of science and regulatory policy; transnational codes of conduct for researchers; civil society input; and mechanisms to encourage the flow of information on scientific and technical innovation. Many of these elements have clear implications for national regulation in participating states.
A dual floating point coprocessor with an FMAC architecture

The CPU chip is implemented in a 5-layer metal 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process and delivers >360 SPECint92 and >550 SPECfp92. It is an out-of-order super-scalar processor with two integer, two floating point, two shift/merge and two load/store units. This paper describes circuits in the floating-point unit of this CPU.
Workload characterization using the TAU performance system

Workload characterization is an important technique that helps us understand the performance of parallel applications and the demands they place on the system. It can be used to describe performance effects due to application parameters, compiler options, and platform configurations. In this paper, workload characterization features in the TAU parallel performance system are demonstrated for elucidating the performance of the MPI library based on the sizes of messages. Such characterization partitions the time spent in the MPI routines used by an application based on the type of MPI operation and the message size involved. It requires a two-level mapping of performance data, a unique feature implemented in TAU. Results from the NPB LU benchmark are presented. We also discuss the use of mapping for memory consumption characterization.
Food Policy In Crisis Management

People living in developing countries are particularly vulnerable to the adverse consequences of a range of unpredictable, even unanticipated, economic shocks that affect the price and availability of food, and their ability to purchase and produce food for own consumption. Indeed, the World Development Report 2000/1 emphasizes such vulnerability as an essential dimension of poverty. A wide range of economic crises - e.g., sharp adjustment in countries' external terms of trade, hyperinflation, volatility in the domestic policy regime - or non-economic disasters - severe climate variation, crop failure, volatility in the domestic policy regime - can dramatically increase vulnerability to becoming food insecure, to not having access to sufficient food, in terms of quality, quantity and diversity, for an active and healthy life without risk of loss of such access. 1 This increased vulnerability applies to both transitory and chronic food insecurity. The former refers to a sudden (and often precipitous) drop in the ability to purchase or grow enough food to meet physiological requirements for good health and activity. 2 Chronic food insecurity refers to a persistent inability to meet minimum nutrient intake requirements.
Performance Anxiety: Sexuality and School Controversy

The closet is commonly thought of as a small, isolated place where a distinct group of people hide. This assumption leads to school curricula addressing homosexuality as if it were only the concern of a small, distinct minority of students. However, this paper will argue, following Eve Sedgwick, that the closet occupies a more central position to the constitution of all sexualities. Thus, homosexuality is not a marginal force existing along side of heterosexuality but is central to the constitution of heterosexuality itself. In Epistemology of the Closet, Sedgwick contends that “an understanding of virtually any aspect of modern Western culture must be, not merely incomplete, but damaged in its central substance to the degree that it does not incorporate a critical analysis of modern homo/heterosexual definition.” Silences, Sedgwick contends, surround the closet, not just one silence, “but a silence that accrues particularity by fits and starts, in relation to the discourse that surrounds and differentially constitutes it.” These multiple and contextual silences about homosexuality flow through curricular debates as much as through literature. The task of this paper will be to outline the silences and ignorances that continue to proliferate, as well as the silences that have had to shift when part of the closet is opened.
The Effect of Glare on Visual Performance under Reduced Headlamp Illumination

Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of dimming vehicle forward lighting systems on target detection. The experiments were undertaken with and without headlamp glare. It was determined that, if sufficient street lighting is available, headlamps can be dimmed to reduce glare without compromising driver performance.
Abstract P4-04-05: Contributions of STAT3 to pro-tumorigenic alterations within the microenvironment during mammary tumorigenesis

Interactions between tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment are critical for the development and progression of breast cancer. Specifically, oncogenic alterations such as aberrant activation of growth factor receptors in epithelial cells lead to a pro-tumorigenic inflammatory response characterized by increased production of inflammatory factors and increased macrophage infiltration. Our studies focus on identifying novel mechanisms through which tumor-derived cytokines act in an autocrine manner to regulate tumor cells and in a paracrine manner to regulate infiltrating inflammatory cells. In recent studies, we have shown that following activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) oncogene, mammary epithelial cells produce high levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) family members. These cytokines activate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in both epithelial cells and macrophages. STAT3 is constitutively activated in up to 70% of primary breast tumors, and has been shown to enhance proliferation and angiogenesis as well as aid in immune suppression. Using a novel mouse model of FGFR1-driven tumor growth, we demonstrated that inhibition of STAT3 led to decreased tumor growth. Histological examination revealed high levels of STAT3 activation in both tumor cells and macrophages. Thus, further studies focused on identifying mechanisms through which STAT3 activation in different cellular compartments contributes to mammary tumor growth. Initial studies focused on the consequences of STAT3 activation in epithelial/tumor cells. We found that epithelial cell STAT3 activation resulted in accumulation of the extracellular matrix component hyaluronan, which contributed to epithelial cell proliferation, survival and migration. Meanwhile, STAT3 activation in macrophages led to expression changes within a variety of molecules which are known to enhance tumor cell survival, tumor invasion and regulation of the anti-tumor immune response. Thus, it becomes evident that systemic inhibition of STAT3 function can potentially inhibit tumor growth and progression by acting on both tumor cells and on the surrounding stroma. As STAT3 is being considered as a viable target for breast cancer therapy, understanding the mechanisms through which STAT3 promotes tumor growth and progression will be critical for developing optimal therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Pavlina Chuntova, Laura R Bohrer, Kaylee Schwertfeger. Contributions of STAT3 to pro-tumorigenic alterations within the microenvironment during mammary tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-04-05.
On the Waring–Goldbach problem for seventh powers

We use sieve theory and recent estimates for Weyl sums over almost primes to prove that every sufficiently large even integer is the sum of 46 seventh powers of prime numbers.
Viruses of Entamoeba histolytica V. Ultrastructure of the Polyhedral Virus V301

Abstract The polyhedral amoebal virus V301 presents sectioned profiles consistent with its having icosahedral (532) symmetry. The DNA appears to be packed in an orderly, folded arrangement of lesser symmetry.
Office prenatal formula advertising and its effect on breast-feeding patterns.

Abstract Objective: To compare the effect of formula company–produced materials about infant feeding to breast-feeding promotion materials without formula advertising on breast-feeding initiation and duration. Methods: Five hundred forty-seven pregnant women were randomized to receive either formula company (commercial; n = 277) or specially designed (research; n = 270) educational packs about infant feeding at their first prenatal visit. Feeding method was determined at delivery. Breast-feeding duration of the 294 women who chose to breast-feed was ascertained at 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Survival analyses were used to evaluate continuous outcomes, and χ2 and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate discrete outcomes. Results: Breast-feeding initiation (relative risk [RR] 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61, 1.43) and duration after 2 weeks (hazard ratio 1.19, 95% CI 0.86, 1.64) were not affected. Women in the commercial group were more likely to cease breast-feeding before hospital discharge (RR 5.80, 95% CI 1.25, 54.01) and before 2 weeks (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.91, 95% CI 1.02, 3.55). In subgroup analyses, women with uncertain goals for breast-feeding or goals of 12 weeks or less experienced shortened exclusive (hazard ratio 1.53, 95% CI 1.06, 2.21), full (hazard ratio 1.70, 95% CI 1.18, 2.48), and overall (hazard ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.16, 2.64) breast-feeding duration when exposed to the commercial intervention. Conclusion: Although breast-feeding initiation and long-term duration were not affected, exposure to formula promotion materials increased significantly breast-feeding cessation in the first 2 weeks. Additionally, among women with uncertain goals or breast-feeding goals of 12 weeks or less, exclusive, full, and overall breast-feeding duration were shortened. Educational materials about infant feeding should support unequivocally breast-feeding as optimal nutrition for infants; formula promotion products should be eliminated from prenatal settings.
Equation of state of liquid rubidium

Abstract An ultrasonic dilatometer has been used to measure the volume of a specimen of liquid rubidium as a function of temperature (up to 200°C) and pressure (up to 1·38 kbar). The results may be fitted by a polynomial with nine terms. A curve of pressure versus temperature at constant volume may be deduced from the polynomial, and it is shown that this curve is in good agreement with predictions based upon the Weeks–Chandler–Andersen formulation of the perturbation theory of liquids, using an effective ion–ion potential for rubidium derived from Ashcroft's empty-core pseudopotential and Shaw's approximation for electron exchange and correlation.
Space-time code selection for OFDM-MISO systems

In this paper, a space-time code selection technique for multiple transmit antenna OFDM systems is proposed, and a constant-rate transmission mode for the space-time code selection technique is introduced. Subcarriers are divided into subcarrier groups and a comparison of the equivalent SISO channel envelopes with a set of predetermined threshold levels for a central subcarrier of each group is performed at the receiver, which decides on the subcarriers to be used at each antenna and sends this information to the transmitter. The transmitter adjusts the space-time code to the number of selected antennas at each subcarriers group using four bits for feedback information per group. Simulation results show that the system performs well for a range of Doppler frequencies for correlated and uncorrelated channels, outperforming transmit antenna selection techniques and adaptive transmit antenna diversity systems for both variable-rate and constant-rate transmission modes.
Testing arbitrary subhypergraphs for the lossless join property

Abstract The properties required for an arbitrary subhypergraph to define an embedded join dependency are investigated. The nature of the functional dependencies required to insure the validity of the embedded join dependency is examined. An algorithm for testing an arbitrary subhypergraph for the losslessness property is given for functional dependencies embodied in the edges of the subhypergraph.
Infrared studies of chain folding in polymers. II. Polyethylene terephthalate

Abstract An infrared method has been developed for analyzing the spectra of a semicrystalline polymer for bands arising from the folded chain. The basis of the assignment is the contrasting behavior of crystalline and fold bands during annealing and degradation. The method has been applied to polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and as a result the 988-cm-1 band has been assigned to a fold conformation. This assignment was utilized in studying the effects of crystallization, annealing, and deformation upon folding in PET. Melt- and solution-crystallized PET exhibit a high degree of folding, as measured by the 988-cm-1 band. Studies of crystallization by annealing the glass indicate multiple modes of folding. Strain-induced crystallization produces no regular folding, as measured by the 988-cm-1 band, but heat setting does. Deformation of crystalline samples containing folds disrupts the regular fold, which re-perfects itself upon subsequent annealing. Folding in polymers has been the subject of much discussi...
Reconstitution of cytochrome oxidase vesicles and conferral of sensitivity to energy transfer inhibitors.

1. Phospholipids and cytochrome oxidase solubilized with chotate were reconstituted either by dialysis or by dilution of the detergent. The reconstituted cytochrome oxidase vesicles oxidized ascorbate-cytochromec at a rate which was low, insensitive to energy transfer inhibitors and markedly stimulated by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. The rate of reconstitution was dependent on pH, on the concentration of cholate and on the presence of high concentrations of monovalent ions or low concentrations of divalent ions. The integrity of the cytochrome oxidase vesicles was retained after freeze-drying, provided sucrose was present during the process. 2. Reconstitution with pure phospholipids revealed that cardiolipin was required for the marked stimulation of respiration by uncouplers. 3. Cytochrome oxidase vesicles were reconstituted in the presence of hydrophobic mitochondrial proteins which contained oligomycin-sensitive ATPase. The resulting vesicles oxidized ascorbate-cytochromec at a rapid rate which was not enhanced by uncouplers. Addition of an energy transfer inhibitor such as rutamycin resulted in a partial inhibition of respiration which was released by uncouplers. 4. Cytochrome oxidase vesicles reconstituted in the presence of phenol red were rather impermeable to protons and became very permeable on addition of uncouplers. When the reconstitution was performed in the presence of the hydrophobic proteins from mitochondria, proton translocation became partially sensitive to rutamycin. 5. These observations are consistent with some of the formulations of the chemiosmotic hypothesis.
Keratinocyte growth factor increases fatty acid mobilization and hepatic triglyceride secretion in rats

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family that was originally identified as a keratinocyte mitogen after isolation from a lung fibroblast cell line. In this study, we demonstrate that administration of KGF to mice and rats elevates serum lipid levels. In rats, 1 h after KGF administration, serum triglyceride and FFA levels were increased, with peak values at 2 h (1.9-fold increase). The increase in serum triglyceride levels was sustained for at least 16 h. Serum cholesterol levels were also increased, but the effect was delayed beginning at 4 h, with peak values at 16 h (1.27-fold increase). KGF did not decrease the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, but increased hepatic triglyceride secretion. KGF stimulated lipolysis, but not hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis, and the increased delivery of FFA to the liver plays a crucial role in the KGF-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Neither alpha- nor beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists affected the hypertriglyceridemia induced by KGF, indicating that endogenous catecholamines are not involved in mediating KGF-induced hypertriglyceridemia. These results demonstrate that KGF induces hypertriglyceridemia by increasing hepatic triglyceride secretion, with the fatty acids provided by lipolysis making a major contribution. Thus, KGF could modulate lipid metabolism in vivo.
Neutron irradiation facilities for fission and fusion reactor materials studies

Abstract The successful development of energy-conversion machines based upon nuclear fission or fusion reactors is critically dependent upon the behavior of the engineering materials used to construct the fuel containment and primary heat extraction systems. The development of radiation damage-resistant materials requires irradiation testing facilities that reproduce, as closely as possible, the thermal and neutronic environment expected in a power-producing reactor. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) reference core design for the Center for Neutron Research (CNR) reactor provides for instrumented facilities in regions of both hard and mixed neutron spectra, with substantially higher fluxes than are currently available. The benefits of these new facilities to the development of radiation damage resistant materials are discussed in terms of the major US fission and fusion ractor programs.
Three-dimensional analysis of cement sheath integrity around Wellbores

Abstract The broaching of fluid through cement sheath imposes serious challenges to the integrity of the wellbore. Wellbore integrity is highly dependent upon the integrity of the interfacial bonding of the cement to the formation and casing. We developed a workflow to utilize three-dimensional numerical analysis to simulate propagation of cement failures due to fluid leakage at the casing shoe. The excessive fluid pressure provided by the leakage is the driving force for the cement failure. The interfaces of the cement sheath with the formation and casing are potential paths for growth of delamination cracks. These paths are represented by pre-inserted cohesive elements. Existence of non-uniform failure pattern around the wellbore is shown for different in situ stress conditions and cement properties. These spatial failure patterns cannot be predicted by traditional two-dimensional models. Our simulations show the significant role of radial and tangential stress on failure propagations, but shear stress has a significant effect on failure initiations. Furthermore, the possibility of fracture containment and broaching is investigated by sensitivity analysis of cement interface properties. From these sensitivity tests, normal (and shear) strength of the interface, and in situ stresses have been considered as major factors for fracture containment. It is found that larger values of cohesive interface normal (shear) strength, or the rigidness of the cement can effectively reduce the likelihood of failure around the wellbore. The presented model provides a systematic approach to understand and assess wellbore integrity in design and production stages.
Predictors of severity and necrosis in acute pancreatitis

C-reactive protein remains the single standard biochemical marker for predicting the severity of AP. Because the combination of clinical-physiological scores and CRP provide good information at 48 hours, research has focused on the predictive ability of various markers when applied in the initial 24 hours after admission to the hospital. After detailed review of the literature, the authors conclude that there is no single tool that serves as the optimal predictor of severity. There are, however, data that support the use of certain tests to improve upon the clinician's early predictive ability on the subsequent course of AP. These include an APACHE II score greater than 7 and IL-6 at the time of admission, and urine TAP, urine trypsinogen-2, and serum PMN elastase at 24 hours (Table 4). These markers only will be able to help the clinician's predictive ability if they can be performed locally and if the results can be available ina timely manner. Future research should focus on promising markers such as procalcitonin, IL-8, IL-I ra, sTNFR, CAPAP, PLA-2, novel markers, and the combined use of more than one marker. The conventional research approach in predicting severity used in the last 15 years has limitations and appears to have reached its maximal potential. Novel conceptions and approaches, such as identification of genetic polymorphisms that predispose to severe course and complications of AP or other approaches are needed for a quantum step forward.
Studies on regulation

1) Form-regulation (morphallaxis) in pieces and zooids of Stenostoma, which have been separated from individuals or chains, can be controlled experimentally to a large extent, by preventing the pieces or zooids from coming into contact with surfaces and moving over them. 2) Form-regulation is not the reaction of the tissues to stimuli connected with contact, but is due to the tension exerted on the plastic tissues of Stenostoma by the movements of the animal (piece or zooid). 3) The principal factor in the production of the change of form is the longitudinal tension caused by the use of the ventral surface, especially at the posterior end, as an organ of attachment, while the cilia of the lateral and dorsal regions continue to beat. The peristaltic contractions exert a certain amount of pressure on the intestinal contents, and so indirectly upon the body-wall, which probably also tends to cause elongation of the body. The reversed movement of the cilia of the ventral band may also cause some degree of tension in the ventral region and so aid in the elongation and change of form. 4) The development of the tail in Stenostoma is primarily the direct result of mechanical conditions. Its formation can be inhibited, delayed or accelerated by altering experimentally the tension to which this region of the body is subjected, i. e., by preventing the zooid or piece from coming into contact with surfaces and creeping over them, or by permitting such contact in greater or less degree. 5) The form of the tail in its earlier stages is dependent upon the particular mechanical conditions to which the posterior region of the piece or zooid has heen subjected.
Scorpion toxin-induced catecholamine release from synaptosomes.

— A toxin purified from crude venom of the scorpion L. quinquestriatus releases [3H]norepinephrine from synaptosomes prepared from rat brain. The toxin-induced release is dependent on duration of exposure and concentration of toxin in the medium. The absence of calcium in the medium diminishes toxin-induced release but does not abolish it. Toxin-induced release is diminished by tetrodotoxin or, to a lesser extent, by desmethylimipramine. Since the released tritium is present predominantly as norepinephrine, it appears that toxin-induced release is similar to that produced by veratradine or tyramine and is distinct from reserpine induced release.
Sampling Patients Within and Across Health Care Providers: Multi-Stage Non-Nested Samples in Health Services Research

In order to better inform study design decisions when sampling patients within and across health care providers we develop a simulation-based approach for designing complex multi-stage samples. The approach explores the tradeoff between competing design goals such as precision of estimates, coverage of the target population and cost.
Modified integrated NDVI for improving estimates of terrestrial net primary production

Simple time integrations of AVHRR/NDVI have been correlated with annual net primary production of terrestrial vegetation; yet this implies seasonally constant physiological efficiency of the vegetation. We present logic for a time integrated NDVI that is modified by an AVHRR derived surface evaporation resistance factor a, and truncated by temperatures that cause plant dormancy, to improve environmental sensitivity. With our approach, NDVI observed during sub-freezing temperatures is not integrated. Water stress related impairment in plant activity is incorporated by reducing the effective NDVI at each integration with the surface resistance factor, a. The surface resistance factor is derived from the slope of the surface temperature to NDVI ratio for climatically similar zones of the scene. A comparison of surface resistance before and after an extended drought period for a 1200km2 region of coniferous forest in Montana will be presented.
On the probability of entry in potential competition cases

This paper explores, both theoretically and empirically, the extent to which having ‘other potential entrants’ to a market injected into potential-competition cases has been a worthwhile enterprise. This two-pronged attack leads to the conclusion that (he attempt to specifically identify potential entrants probably results in our deluding ourselves as to the likelihood that entry will occur, and that unless a convincing argument can be made to the effect that any given potential entrant from a stockpile of unnamed potential entrants is ‘reasonably likely’ to elect the entry option, expanding lhat stockpile will be similarly misleading.
Moment Problems and Low Rank Toeplitz Approximations

Recent signal processing research suggests that a theory of moments for finite Toeplitz matrices and forms would help in understanding and solving certain model approximation problems. Such a theory is developed in this paper and it is shown how these moment parameterizations can make approximating by low rank Toeplitz matrices tractable. In the case of Toeplitz forms, this moment representation gives a simple solution to the extendibility problem for finite sections of a Toeplitz form.
Mechanisms by Which Surface Drying Perturbs Tropical Precipitation Fields

Abstract The observed precipitation climatology in austral summer has a pronounced longitudinal gradient across Africa and South America. A low-resolution general circulation model (GCM) with a simple continent centered on the equator is used to understand how the presence of the land surface generates this gradient, and the role of surface wetness in determining its magnitude. In the model, precipitation is enhanced on the east coast of the continent in the summer hemisphere tropics with magnitude and location independent of surface wetness. Precipitation rates are lower in the continental interior and in the west as the surface becomes drier, resulting in a longitudinal precipitation gradient that is similar to observations. Modeled low-level moisture convergence and wind convergence anomalies mimic the precipitation anomalies over all but the driest land surfaces. A linearized primitive equation model is used to identify the physical mechanisms responsible for the GCM's dynamical response. Dry convecti...
Unweaving Narrative Fabric: Bruno Taut, Walter Benjamin, and Paul Scheerbart's The Gray Cloth

Abstract German Expressionist writer Paul Scheerbart (1863–1914) articulated his convictions on the power of architectural construction and its relationship to the modern world in his final fictional narrative of 1914 entitled Das graue Tuch und zehn Prozent Weis. Ein Damenroman [The Gray Cloth and Ten Percent White. A Ladies Novel]. Scheerbart developed a nuanced vision of architecture and society that brought together issues of gender and fashion with utopian idealism and influenced many prominent architects and theorists of his time. This essay examines Scheerbart's commentaries on architecture, technology, and culture that have been lost in the wake of architectural modernism.
Characterization of a 105,000 molecular weightgag-related phosphoprotein from cells transformed by the defective avian sarcoma virus PRCII

In cells infected with the replication-defective avian sarcoma virus PRCII a single virus-specific product is detectable, a polyprotein of 105,000 molecular weight (p105). P105 can be precipitated with antisera togag proteins of avian leukosis and sarcoma viruses. By two-dimensional tryptic peptide analysis of [35S]methionine-labeled proteins we have shown that p105 contains peptides of helper viriongag proteins p19 and p27, but not of p15. In addition a number of peptides are present in p105 that are not found in any of the helper virus gene products including gPr95env and Pr180gag-pol. These p105-specific peptides are not detectable in the p60src protein of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) nor in thegag-related polyproteins encoded by avian myelocytoma and carcinoma viruses MC29 and MH2 or avian erythroblastosis virus AEV. P105 is not detectably glycosylated, but is heavily phosphorylated. In this respect it resembles p60src of RSV rather than the polyproteins of avian leukemia viruses. Since p105 is the only viral gene product detectable in nonproducing cells transformed by PRCII, this protein may be important in the initiation and maintenance of oncogenic transformation. The nonstructural sequences in p105 would then represent a new class of transforming gene in avian oncoviruses.
Carbon dioxide emissions from land transport in India: scenarios of the uncertain.

India is experiencing rapid growth in motorization. The government and policy makers are responding to this growth by building inadequate, unsustainable infrastructure mostly geared toward private automobile owners. Because more than half the trips in India are served by public transport, and there is high usage of nonmotorized transport, the country is well poised for sustainable development. Yet policy makers must recognize this and provide an infrastructure to support it. This paper employs a bottom-up approach to explore four scenarios of growth: business as usual (BAU); energy efficiency (EE), including a large share of energy-efficient small cars; a two-wheeler world (TWW); and sustainable urban transport (SUT) with an emphasis on mass transit. These scenarios employ different, though not mutually exclusive, directions of growth that could be supported with appropriate policies. Carbon emissions would be highest under the BAU scenario, followed by the EE, TWW, and SUT scenarios. Assumptions applied ...