cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Luminescence in High-Energy-Irradiated Alkanes at Low Temperature

Abstract High-energy bombardment is well-known to produce luminescence in condensed systems which contain suitable scintillators. Such light emission has been observed for weak scintillators like benzene in sufficiently dilute solutions in aliphatic hydrocarbons and, more recently, even in pure liquid benzene. It is not observed in pure liquid alkanes. However, when suitable alkanesare reduced to sufficiently low temperature (e.g., 77 °K), irradiation with 60Co gammas produces a persistent luminescence, the decay curves of which show peculiar behavior characteristics. This report reviews the decay characteristics and spectra of glassy 2-methylpentane and 3-methylpentane as well as of glassy and crystalline i-pentane, reexamines the kinetics and the mechanism of the luminescence process, interprets the applicability of the decay law Io/I = 1 + αt, demonstrates that an excited state of the system (probably a charge-separated state) and not of an individual molecule is involved, presents evidence that the nu...
Louise Westling. The Logos of the Living World: Merleau-Ponty, Animals, and Language. New York: Fordham UP, 2014. xiv + 187 pp.

Review of Louise Westling. The Logos of the Living World: Merleau-Ponty, Animals, and Language. New York: Fordham UP, 2014. xiv + 187 pp.
The Love-Suicide Mystique of Naxi : Experiential Tourism and Existential Authenticity

Love-suicide ( xunqing 殉情) is often hailed as a representative component of the Naxi culture. This article examines how representations of love-suicide have transformed from an obscure social taboo to an invaluable Naxi tradition in the last two decades. While Han and Naxi cultural elites aestheticize love-suicide as a cultural symbol of moral sublimity, tourists further transform the discourse into a simultaneously spiritual and erotic experience in which they seek and create their own existential authenticity. The apparent revival is not simply a result of Naxi political resistance to the external regime or a natural return to their “authentic” culture. It rather marks another tide of radical transformation in a multi-agent and highly commercialized global world within which both minority cultures and tourists’ identities are transformed.
Combined-semantics equivalence of conjunctive queries: Decidability and tractability results

Abstract Query containment and equivalence are fundamental problems in the context of query processing and optimization. In this paper, we consider combined-semantics equivalence of conjunctive (CQ) queries. The combined-semantics formalism [10] , [11] generalizes the well-known and practically useful notions of set, bag, and bag-set semantics for CQ queries. It also provides tools for studying practical SQL queries, specifically important types of queries arising in on-line analytical processing. In our study, we introduce a containment-based algorithm for deciding combined-semantics equivalence for pairs of CQ queries that belong to a large well-behaved class of “explicit-wave” queries. Our algorithm, as well as our general sufficient condition for containment of combined-semantics CQ queries, generalizes in a uniform way the tests reported in [3] , [6] , [11] . Moreover, we single out a subclass of explicit-wave CQ queries for which it is tractable to determine combined-semantics equivalence.
Masks and Braids: Reflections, A Project on Identity and Analysis Over Twenty Years (Máscaras Y Trenzas: Reflexiones, Un Proyecto De Identidad Y Análisis a Través De Veinte Años)

This article uses Critical Race Theory and LatCrit methodologies, vocabulary, categories, and pedagogical approaches.In this Section, titled “On Mascaras,” I am grappling with race (and gender secondarily) in public space — un/masking my professional persona. In using the word “wrestle” in the subheading I am referring to this struggle over a re-allocation of the social power that inheres in racial hierarchies, namely, the back-and-forth exchanges involved in changing the racial ambiance by exposing and transforming the presumptions, especially regarding notions of inferiority, that cabin our thinking and restrain our relationships. My original paper was something of an outburst, challenging the silence all around me about my Latina reality. Thinking back, it was more oppositional than I knew. Specifically, I did not realize the extent to which I was challenging White space by just beginning the original article in Spanish. Race scholars were coming to voice, and many of us were “outbursting.” My objective in the process of learning from the original article is to un/mask in more strategic ways to achieve complex ends: I say “strategic” because I have explicit rationales. In the original article I was situated in the classroom as a student and my unmasking was often involuntary and fraught with the fear of being seen as inferior. My masking had to do with the negotiations that Outsiders engage in to assimilate and resist assimilation. However, in these years since I wrote M´ascaras, I have been in the classroom as a teacher and scholar, with significant authority over the classroom’s discursive protocols. I used un/masking to focus on the choices pertaining to identity expression and as an analytical tool to ferret out the silencing and coding of legal discourse. Admittedly, there have been moments of unmasking, related to those I experienced as a law student, that remind me that institutional power is denied to those who act oppositionally, especially to those who insist on advocating on issues of racial subordination within the legal academy or the legal profession.Like many other female professionals, I have struggled to integrate my obligations in the workplace with those in the home. One persistent question for me is not how to balance the workplace with the home, but rather how to close the space between, or braid, the public and private. This is of particular interest to me as a woman of color. Over time, my scholarship, and specifically the M'ascaras article, was read and used by my family. I do not know how common this is for other faculty of color, but it was transformational for us
Build Your Program by Building Your Team: Inclusively Transforming Services, Staffing and Spaces

ABSTRACTUser feedback told the story of the largest and busiest campus library being dated in both physical form and programmatic function. Under the framework of a newly-developed strategic plan, library leadership initiated a comprehensive and inclusive assessment program to understand fully user needs by engaging users, campus partners, and, importantly, library personnel. Simultaneously, they embarked on a review of change management literature for guidance on implementing the required transformation. Informed by the change management philosophy of John Kotter, the library utilized the findings of the assessment program to craft and implement a sustainable transformation of its services, staffing, and spaces.
Devil in the Details: A Critical Review of “Theoretical Loss”

In their review of Internet gambling studies, Auer and Griffiths (J Gambl Stud 30(4), 879-887, 2014) question the validity of using bet size as an indicator of gambling intensity. Instead, in that review and in a response (Auer and Griffiths, J Gambl Stud 31(3), 921-931, 2015) to a previous comment (Braverman et al., J Gambl Stud 31(2), 359-366, 2015), Auer and Griffiths suggested using "theoretical loss" as a preferable measure of gambling intensity. This comment extends and advances the discussion about measures of gambling intensity. In this paper, we describe previously identified problems that Auer and Griffiths need to address to sustain theoretical loss as a viable measure of gambling intensity and add details to the discussion that demonstrate difficulties associated with the use of theoretical loss with certain gambling games.
28.6 A ±50mV linear-input-range VCO-based neural-recording front-end with digital nonlinearity correction

Neural signal recordings have been an essential tool for understanding the brain and driving the progress in neuroscience research and therapy. The local field potential (LFP) signals, which span from 3Hz to about 200Hz, serve as indicators of various neurological behaviors and disorders. Prior integrated LFP recording front-ends are designed for a small-signal input of a few mV, limiting the dynamic range to <60 dB [1–3]. For closed-loop neuromodulation, featuring simultaneous neural recording and stimulation, it is important to observe and understand brain dynamics during stimulation. Stimulation artifacts can range between 10 and 100mV and last for several milliseconds. The stimulation patterns result in significant artifact power inside the LFP band that cannot be filtered using conventional techniques. To adaptively reject stimulation artifacts in the digital domain, it is desired to capture the neural signal combined with the artifact with a high linearity. This requirement pushes the front-end dynamic range requirement to about 80dB for ±50mV input range, 20dB beyond the capabilities of current integrated recording front-ends.
Simulation in the big data era——review of new ideas and new theories in the 81st Academic Salon of China Association for Science and Technology

In September 2013, the Chinese Association for System Simulation undertook the 81st New Ideas and New Theories Academic Salon of China Association for Science and Technology. The theme is "challenges and thinking of modeling and simulation in the era of big data", which focused on 3 topics, including "Is big data really the fourth paradigm", "How the big data challenge simulation" and "What opportunities the big data bring to simulation". This paper introduces the main opinions of the experts and shares the achievements of this salon.
Hearing loss in Wernicke encephalopathy

A 61-year-old woman presented with acute bilateral hearing loss followed by vague but acute visual disturbances, nonvertiginous dizziness, and confusion. She also reported a recent 40-pound weight loss and 1 month of persistent nausea and vomiting, all of which were attributed to diabetic gastroparesis; an extensive gastrointestinal evaluation (CT abdomen, gastric emptying study, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and colonoscopy) was unremarkable. Medical history was notable for atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, obesity, osteoarthritis, recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis, and pulmonary embolism.
Abstract 3987: Merlin is a negative regulator of human melanoma

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Merlin is a cytoskeletal linker protein encoded by the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene. Like the other Band 4.1 protein family members, it serves to connect cell surface proteins to the actin cytoskeleton. Defects in the protein caused by mutations of the NF2 gene give rise to NF2 disease, which is generally characterized by the formation of bilateral vestibular schwannomas and, to a lesser extent, meningiomas and ependymomas. In addition to these tumor types, merlin has been shown to be mutated and/or merlin protein expression lost in other cancers including mesothelioma, thyroid cancers, and melanomas, albeit to a lesser extent. In the current study, we set out to elucidate the role of merlin in the progression of human melanoma. We first show that merlin knockdown enhances melanoma cell migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, we show that decreased merlin expression leads to increased subcutaneous melanoma growth in immuno-compromised mice. Tumors derived from merlin knockdown cells display border regions that are generally less well defined, with cases in which tumor cells are visible in the surrounding dermis and adipose tissue, which is consistent with the more invasive phenotype observed in vitro upon merlin knockdown. To compliment these knockdown experiments we overexpressed merlin in a metastatic melanoma cell line. Upon increased merlin expression, the melanoma cells exhibit decreased in vitro migration, invasion, and proliferation. These cells also display a diminished ability to form anchorage independent colonies in soft agar. Additionally, increased merlin expression inhibits in vivo subcutaneous growth of the melanoma cells in our xenograft experiments. Lastly, we surveyed several signaling pathways to identify a mechanism that exerts the negative regulatory effect of merlin on melanoma growth. We found that merlin protein levels in human melanoma cells are correlated with the extent of induced activation of the known tumor suppressors in the Hippo signaling pathway, MST1/2 Ser/Thr kinases, which have been shown to function downstream of merlin in other cell types. Taken together, these results provide evidence for the first time that merlin is a negative regulator of human melanoma progression and that it may exert its inhibitory effects through the activation of the MST1/2 kinases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3987. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3987
CAN NEW LIGHT RAIL REDUCE PERSONAL VEHICLE CARBON EMISSIONS? A BEFORE-AFTER, EXPERIMENTAL-CONTROL EVALUATION IN LOS ANGELES†

This paper uses a before-after, experimental-control group method to evaluate the impacts of the newly opened Expo light rail transit line in Los Angeles on personal vehicle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We applied the California Air Resources Board's EMFAC 2011 emission model to estimate the amount of daily average CO2 emissions from personal vehicle travel for 160 households across two waves, before and after the light rail opened. The 160 households were part of an experimental–control group research design. Approximately half of the households live within a half-mile of new Expo light rail stations (the experimental group) and the balance of the sampled households live beyond a half-mile from Expo light rail stations (the control group). Households tracked odometer mileage for all household vehicles for seven days in two sample waves, before the Expo Line opened (fall, 2011) and after the Expo Line opened (fall, 2012). Our analysis indicates that opening the Expo Line had a statistically significant impact on average daily CO2 emissions from motor vehicles. We found that the CO2 emission of households who reside within a half-mile of an Expo Line station was 27.17 percent smaller than those living more than a half-mile from a station after the opening of the light rail, while no significant difference exists before the opening. A difference-in-difference model suggests that the opening of the Expo Line is associated with 3,145 g less of household vehicle CO2 emissions per day as a treatment effect. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the emission reduction effect is also present when the experimental group of households is redefined to be those living within a kilometer from the new light rail stations.
American Urological Association Symptom Index for Women with Voiding Symptoms: Lack of Index Specificity for Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

AbstractAn evaluation of the American Urological Association (AUA) symptom index was recently published as a valid symptom score for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). To determine the specificity prospectively of the index for BPH and bladder outlet obstruction, we chose to administer the index to 38 consecutive women with voiding symptoms who were previously scheduled for video urodynamic evaluation. In each case the index was self-administered before the urodynamic study. Index determination was then repeated 1 to 4 months after the institution of therapy. Only 3 of the 38 women demonstrated true urethral obstruction. One patient exhibited urethral compression after a pubovaginal sling urethral suspension, 1 with multiple sclerosis demonstrated detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia and 1 suffered bladder neck obstruction caused by a leiomyoma.The AUA symptom index for the 35 nonobstructed women ranged from 4 to 33 (mean 17.6) Of the women 15 scored between 8 and 18, while 14 had a score of greater t...
Adolf Berle and the New Modern Corporation

The formal study of corporate governance begins with the publication in 1932 of “The Modern Corporation and Private Property” by Adolf Berle and Gardiner Means. Berle’s work continues to be influential today but this paper suggests that he has been misunderstood on several key issues and that greater understanding of his work may provide better insight into the public corporation as it existed in 1930 and also as it exists today. Such understanding is critical since today’s public corporation is under intense scrutiny. That scrutiny is fueled by recent substantial changes in stock ownership and this paper examines new questions on corporate governance raised by these ownership changes.
A New Pathologic Assessment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: The Squamo-Oxyntic Gap.

Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is delayed by the lack of uniform histopathologic criteria for diagnosis. The only practical value of pathology is the assessment of columnar lined esophagus (CLO). As a result, GORD is treated with acid suppressive drug therapy until there is a failure to control symptoms and/or advanced adenocarcinoma develops. The reasons why there is a failure of pathologic diagnosis are two false dogmas that result in two widely believed fundamental errors. These are the belief that cardiac epithelium normally lines the proximal stomach (1) and that the gastroesophageal junction (GOJ) is defined by the proximal limit of rugal folds (2). When these false dogmas are eradicated by existing powerful evidence, the pathology of GERD falls into the following stages, all defined by histology: (a) The normal state where the esophageal squamous epithelium transitions at the GOJ to gastric oxyntic epithelium with no intervening cardiac epithelium; (b) cardiac metaplasia of the squamous epithelium due to exposure to gastric juice results in cephalad movement of the squamo-columnar junction (SCJ). This creates the squamo-oxyntic gap and the dilated distal esophagus, which is distal to the endoscopic GOJ. The length of the squamo-oxyntic gap in the dilated distal esophagus is concordant with the shortening of the abdominal segment of the lower esophageal sphincter (LOS); (c) in the early stages, the gap is 15 mm. In these patients, reflux is severe with increasingly uncontrollable symptoms and columnar lined esophagus, both irreversible states.Understanding this pathophysiology of GORD by these new histologic criteria will allow diagnosis at the earliest and eminently reversible stages of the disease. This can open the door to new methods of treatment that will have the potential to prevent progression to the irreversible phase of GORD, including columnar lined esophagus. If successful, this will effectively prevent progression to adenocarcinoma.
Classifying and Standardizing Panfacial Trauma With a New Bony Facial Trauma Score.

ImportanceThe practice of facial trauma surgery would benefit from a useful quantitative scale that measures the extent of injury. ObjectiveTo develop a facial trauma scale that incorporates only r...
LATTE: Low-power Audio Transform with TrueNorth Ecosystem

With recent advances in silicon technology, previously intractable Deep Neural Network (DNN) solutions to complex visual, auditory, and other sensory perception problems are now practical for real-time, energy constrained systems. One such advancement is IBM's TrueNorth neurosynaptic processor, containing 1 million neurons and 256 million synapses, consuming 65mW of power, and capable of operating in real-time for a variety of applications. In this work, we explore how auditory features can be extracted on the TrueNorth processor using low numerical precision while maintaining algorithmic fidelity for DNN based spoken digit recognition on isolated words from the TIDIGITS dataset. Further, we show that our Low-power Audio Transform with TrueNorth Ecosystem (LATTE) is capable of achieving a 24× reduction in energy for feature extraction over a baseline FPGA implementation using standard MFCC audio features, while only incurring a 3 – 6% accuracy penalty.
The Cognition of Spatial Cognition: Domain-General within Domain-specific

Abstract Few would argue against the position that spatial cognition involves cognition. Much of spatial cognition research has focused on illuminating the domain-general processes (e.g. attention, memory, or representation) active in this domain-specific field. In this chapter, we suggest that researchers view this domain-general to domain-specific relationship in the opposite direction. In other words, we review spatial cognition research within the context of its utility for understanding domain-general processes. For a cognitive process to be domain-general, it should be evident across a wide variety of domain-specific tasks, including verbal and spatial ones. Yet, the majority of data supporting domain-general models comes from verbal tasks, such as list learning. Thus, we suggest that considering spatial cognition tasks and findings along with those from other domains would enhance our understanding of truly domain-general processing.
Prospecting fungal parasites of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida using a rapid screening technique

Seven filamentous fungal species were isolated from individual eggs of Globodera pallida cysts collected from infested fields in Shelley Idaho, USA and identified as Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium tricinctum, Microdochium bolleyi, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and Plectosphaerella cucumerina. Their ability to reduce infection by G. pallida in planta were assessed in simple, reproducible micro-rhizosphere chambers (micro-ROCs). All fungi reduced G. pallida infection in potato, but greatest reduction was observed with C. globosum at an average reduction of 76%. Further non-destructive methods were developed to rapidly assess biological control potential of putative fungal strains by staining the infectious second stage juveniles of G. pallida with the live fluorescent stain PKH26. In comparisons between the standard, invasive acid fuchsin method and use of the live stain PKH26, no significant difference in infection level of G. pallida was observed whether roots were stained with PKH26 or acid fuchsin. For both methods, a similar reduction (77% for acid fuchsin, and 78% for PKH26 stain) in invasion of infectious stage of G. pallida was observed when potato plants were inoculated with C. globosum compared to non-inoculated potato.
Growing Momentum for Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Campaigns and Policies: Costs and Considerations.

An introduction is presented in which the authors discuss an article in the issue which deals with a multiplatform mass media and public health campaign aimed at discouraging sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, and it mentions how SSBs contribute to obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
Pregnancy loss, stillbirth, and neonatal death. A guide for the pediatrician.

A thorough evaluation of pregnancy loss can lead to an accurate diagnosis in a high percentage of cases. Important evaluation tools include a clinical history, examination of the fetus, a karyotype, skeletal radiographs, photographs, an autopsy, and examination of the placenta and cord. Recognition of the various causes and clinical presentations of fetal death can aid in choosing appropriate diagnostic tests and in accurate recurrence risk counseling. These causes include chromosomal abnormalities,recognizable malformation syndromes and associations, skeletal dysplasias, twinning, immunologic abnormalities, infection, and prenatal teratogenic exposures.
Two-dimensional breast dosimetry improved using three-dimensional breast image data.

Conventional mammographic dosimetry has been developed over the past 40 years. Prior to the availability of high-resolution three-dimensional breast images, certain assumptions about breast anatomy were required. These assumptions were based on the information evident on two-dimensional mammograms; they included assumptions of thick skin, a uniform mixture of glandular and adipose tissue, and a median breast density of 50%. Recently, the availability of high-resolution breast CT studies has provided more accurate data about breast anatomy, and this, in turn, has provided the opportunity to update mammographic dosimetry. Based on hundreds of data sets on breast CT volume, a number of studies were performed and reported which have shed light on the basic breast anatomy specific to dosimetry in mammography. It was shown that the average skin thickness of the breast was approximately 1.5 mm, instead of the 4 or 5 mm in the past. In another study, 3-D breast CT data sets were used for validation of the 2-D algorithm developed at the University of Toronto, leading to data suggesting that the overall average breast density is of the order of 16–20%, rather than the previously assumed 50%. Both of these assumptions led to normalized glandular dose (DgN) coefficients which are higher than those of the past. However, a comprehensive study on hundreds of breast CT data sets confirmed the findings of other investigators that there is a more centralized average location of glandular tissue within the breast. Combined with Monte Carlo studies for dosimetry, when accurate models of the distribution of glandular tissue were used, a 30% reduction in the radiation dose (as determined by the DgN coefficient) was found as an average across typical molybdenum and tungsten spectra used clinically. The 30% average reduction was found even when the thinner skin and the lower average breast density were considered. The article reviews three specific anatomic observations made possible based on high-resolution breast CT data by several different research groups. It is noted that, periodically, previous assumptions pertaining to dosimetry can be updated when new information becomes available, so that more accurate dosimetry is achieved. Dogmatic practices typically change slowly, but it is hoped that the medical physics community will continue to evaluate changes in DgN coefficients such that they become more accurate.
Exchange energy representations in computational micromagnetics

Magnetism is a property that all materials possess as a result of the quantum mechanical spin of electrons. The magnetic moment of an atom results from electron spins in an unfilled inner electronic shell. Magnetic effects are particularly pronounced in the ferromagnetic elements such as iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) where interactions cause parallel alignment of the moments on neighboring atoms. In materials less susceptible to magnetization, the atomic moments may be small or the moments may be randomized by thermal fluctuations.
Short-term and long-term clinical outcomes of uncommon types of invasive breast cancer.

Aims Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) are predominant and well-documented types of invasive breast cancer (IBC). We investigated the clinical outcomes of other types of IBC (i.e. uncommon IBC), which collectively account for Σ20% of all IBC cases, as these are largely unknown. Methods and results We identified all IBC cases diagnosed in 2004–2006 (n = 159 293) and 2010–2011 (n = 118 822) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Uncommon IBCs included mixed IDC and ILC (MDLC), IDC mixed with other types of carcinoma, ILC mixed with other types of carcinoma, and other-type breast cancers (OCs). We estimated overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival in multivariate regression models. As compared with IDC, MDLC was associated with an increased OS [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.92, P < 0.001 at Σ10 years of follow-up; aHR = 0.88, P = 0.01 at Σ4 years of follow-up], whereas OCs were associated with a decreased OS (aHR = 1.06, P = 0.005 at Σ10 years of follow-up; aHR = 1.23, P < 0.001 at Σ4 years of follow-up). Women with other uncommon IBCs had an OS similar to those with IDC. Heterogeneity in survival was observed for some subtypes of OC, with better OS for women with MDLC and tubular carcinoma. Radiotherapy extended OS for all types of IBC in older women (≥50 years). For younger women (<50 years), radiotherapy improved OS in women with IDC, but not in those with ILC or uncommon IBC. Radiotherapy did not change cancer-specific survival of younger women with any IBC. Conclusions Uncommon IBCs have distinct patterns of prognosis and survival. The effectiveness of radiotherapy in women with uncommon IBC may differ by age. The underlying mechanisms warrant further studies.
Performance, Energy, and Temperature Enabled Task Scheduling using Evolutionary Techniques

Abstract In allocating parallel tasks to cores, most energy and thermal-aware scheduling techniques rely on Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) to mark up and down core speeds for running the system under the desired constraints. While these techniques often meet the imposed system constraints, they are maladroit at identifying the best possible trade-offs between performance and energy, or between performance and temperature. This paper focuses on task-to-core allocation for optimizing performance ( P ), energy ( E ), and temperature ( T ) simultaneously. A solution set yielded by such algorithm comprises of multiple points forming a Pareto-front, not just scalar values. This paper employs Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA) and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA), which have been demonstrated to be superior evolutionary optimization approaches in several domains. The paper utilizes and compares these techniques in DVFS-based PET-enabled scheduling algorithms, and highlights the differences between the two approaches. The paper also explores how the algorithmic characteristics affect the performance of the scheduling schemes. A variety of criteria combined with extensive experimentation help to compare the two approaches. The results show how varying different system and task parameters affect not just the PET goals individually and collectively but also the quality of trade-offs as well as the spread of solutions on the Pareto-front.
Angular Dependence in Coupling Lamb Waves to Optical Fiber Guided Modes

We investigate directional differences when coupling Lamb waves in a structure to guided modes in an optical fiber sensor for detection of the ultrasonic wave propagation through the structure.
A Dual-Energy Method for Measuring Void Fractions in Flowing Mediums

A dual-energy photon afluid thickness. Attenuation technique provides a means of measuring void fractions in a flowing fluid. The mean void fraction determined by this method is independent of the ...
Physics with the Single Arm Spectrometer at Fermilab

I will describe some of the uses of a new spectrometer facility now operational at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Located in beam M6E of the Meson Lab, the Single Arm Spectrometer (SAS) is fully instrumented for high energy counter/wire chamber experiments. I will talk briefly about the spectrometer to give you a feel for the physics it makes accessible, but mainly I will concentrate on experiments we’ve done, are doing, or hope to do.
Developments in Echo Contrast Agents

Contrast echo techniques are beginning to be used to assess blood flow within the myocardial tissue of man, and progress to date suggests that, with further development, contrast echo may fulfill the critical clinical need to quantitate myocardial perfusion and actual tissue at risk [1, 2, 3]. The ability to quantitate perfusion and define at-risk tissue would be particularly timely due to the recent advances made in salvaging viable myocardial tissue using such techniques as thrombolysis, angioplasty, early surgical revascularization and, potentially, laser therapy; generally, these techniques are currently performed based upon angiographic data, although recent reports describe the discrepancy between coronary artery anatomy as defined by the angiogram and the actual functional parameters of myocardial blood flow [4]. Optimally, the ideal imaging modality used to assess viable tissue would be one that is a functional parameter and is accurate, quantitative, readily available, non-invasive, non-toxic and economical.
Identification of breakpoints in t(8;21) acute myelogenous leukemia and isolation of a fusion transcript, AML1/ETO, with similarity to Drosophila segmentation gene, runt.

We have developed a restriction map of the chromosome 21 breakpoint region involved in t(8;21)(q22;q22.3) acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and have isolated a genomic junction clone containing chromosome 8 and 21 material. Using probes from these regions, rearrangements have been identified in each of nine cases of t(8;21) AML examined. In addition, we have isolated cDNA clones from a t(8;21) AML cDNA library that contain fused sequences from chromosome 8 and 21. The chromosome 8 component, referred to as ETO (for eight twenty-one), is encoded over a large genomic region, as suggested by the analysis of corresponding yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). The DNA sequence of the chromosome 21 portion of the fusion transcript is derived from the normal AML1 gene. A striking similarity (67% identity over 387 bp, with a corresponding 69% amino acid identity) was detected between AML1 and the Drosophila segmentation gene, runt. The critical consequence of the translocation is the juxtaposition of 5′ sequences of AML1 to 3′ sequences of ETO, oriented telomere to centromere on the der(8) chromosome.
Cone and seed insects of subalpine fir during a year of low cone production in northern Idaho.

Cone and seed insects destroyed 29 percent of the seed crop of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in the Freezeout Mountain area of northern Idaho in 1972 during a year of low cone production. Larvae of a coneworm, Dioryctria abietivorella destroyed 12 percent of the seed crop, accounting for 42 percent of the total insect damage. A newly discovered midge pest, a species of Dasineura, destroyed 11 percent of the seed crop, amounting to 40 percent of the total insect damage. The dipterans, Hylemya abietis, Earoymia sp., and Asynapta keeni, and the chalcid wasp, Megastigmus lasiocarpae, together destroyed 4 percent of the seed crop. Unknown causes accounted for 1.5 percent of the total seed destruction. X-ray was used to estimate seed lost to M. lasiocarpae and Dasineura sp. Regression equations are given relating cone length (mm), and the seeds on the axial surface, to total seeds. Sound and damaged seeds on the axial surface were highly correlated with the totals of sound and damaged seeds, respectively, in the cone.
Optimizing Antihypertensive Medication Classification in Electronic Health Record-Based Data: Classification System Development and Methodological Comparison.

Background Computable phenotypes have the ability to utilize data within the electronic health record (EHR) to identify patients with certain characteristics. Many computable phenotypes rely on multiple types of data within the EHR including prescription drug information. Hypertension (HTN)-related computable phenotypes are particularly dependent on the correct classification of antihypertensive prescription drug information, as well as corresponding diagnoses and blood pressure information. Objective This study aimed to create an antihypertensive drug classification system to be utilized with EHR-based data as part of HTN-related computable phenotypes. Methods We compared 4 different antihypertensive drug classification systems based off of 4 different methodologies and terminologies, including 3 RxNorm Concept Unique Identifier (RxCUI)-based classifications and 1 medication name-based classification. The RxCUI-based classifications utilized data from (1) the Drug Ontology, (2) the new Medication Reference Terminology, and (3) the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System and DrugBank, whereas the medication name-based classification relied on antihypertensive drug names. Each classification system was applied to EHR-based prescription drug data from hypertensive patients in the OneFlorida Data Trust. Results There were 13,627 unique RxCUIs and 8025 unique medication names from the 13,879,046 prescriptions. We observed a broad overlap between the 4 methods, with 84.1% (691/822) to 95.3% (695/729) of terms overlapping pairwise between the different classification methods. Key differences arose from drug products with multiple dosage forms, drug products with an indication of benign prostatic hyperplasia, drug products that contain more than 1 ingredient (combination products), and terms within the classification systems corresponding to retired or obsolete RxCUIs. Conclusions In total, 2 antihypertensive drug classifications were constructed, one based on RxCUIs and one based on medication name, that can be used in future computable phenotypes that require antihypertensive drug classifications.
Liver injury as a surrogate for inflammation and predictor of outcomes in COVID-19

Abstract Background & Aims Respiratory failure is the most common cause of death in patients with COVID-19 There has been a lot of investigation to determine predictors of bad outcomes in patients with this illness Liver enzyme elevation has been described in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 However, little is known about the significance of liver injury in regards to outcomes Approach & Results We conducted a retrospective chart review of 348 patients admitted with COVID-19 in our quaternary care center Liver injury on admission was defined based on the laboratory cut off i e aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 35 IU/L and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 52 IU/L Patients were divided into two cohorts based on presence or absence of liver injury The two cohorts were compared to assess differences in presentation, complications and outcomes The primary outcome was respiratory failure requiring intubation and the secondary outcome was in-hospital mortality The presence of new onset liver enzyme elevation on presentation was associated with increased severity of illness, need for mechanical ventilation and mortality Presence of liver injury increased the chance of acute hypoxic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation by 1 79 times The degree and timeline of liver enzyme elevation during hospitalization corresponded with elevations of other inflammatory markers Conclusion Liver injury appears to correlate with the inflammatory syndrome caused by COVID-19, with the degree of liver injury corresponding with severity We suggest early and continued monitoring of liver enzymes, as they can be useful to identify patients who may need early escalation of care
Paraburkholderia solitsugae sp. nov. and Paraburkholderia elongata sp. nov., phenolic acid-degrading bacteria isolated from forest soil and emended description of Paraburkholderia madseniana.

Two bacterial strains, 1NT and 5NT, were isolated from hemlock forest soil using a soluble organic matter enrichment. Cells of 1NT (0.65×1.85 µm) and 5NT (0.6×1.85 µm) are Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, non-sporulating and exist as single rods, diplobacilli or in chains of varying length. During growth in dilute media (≤0.1× tryptic soy broth; TSB), cells are primarily motile with flagella. At higher concentrations (≥0.3× TSB), cells of both strains increasingly form non-motile chains, and cells of 5NT elongate (0.57×~7 µm) and form especially long filaments. Optimum growth of 1NT and 5NT occurred at 25–30 °C, pH 6.5–7.0 and <0.5% salinity. Results of comparative chemotaxonomic, genomic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that 1NT and 5NT were distinct from one another and their closest related type strains: Paraburkholderia madseniana RP11T, Paraburkholderia aspalathi LMG 27731T and Paraburkholderia caffeinilytica CF1T. The genomes of 1NT and 5NT had an average nucleotide identity (91.6 and 91.3%) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values (45.8%±2.6 and 45.5%±2.5) and differed in functional gene content from their closest related type strains. The composition of fatty acids and patterns of substrate use, including the catabolism of phenolic acids, also differentiated strains 1NT and 5NT from each other and their closest relatives. The only ubiquinone present in strains 1NT and 5NT was Q-8. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, 3OH-C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and summed features 2 (3OH-C14 : 0 / C16 : 1 iso I), 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c/ω7c) and 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/ω6c). A third bacterium, strain RL16-012-BIC-B, was isolated from soil associated with shallow roots and was determined to be a strain of P. madseniana (ANI, 98.8%; 16S rRNA gene similarity, 100%). Characterizations of strain RL16-012-BIC-B (DSM 110723=LMG 31706) led to proposed emendments to the species description of P. madseniana . Our polyphasic approach demonstrated that strains 1NT and 5NT represent novel species from the genus Paraburkholderia for which the names Paraburkholderia solitsugae sp. nov. (type strain 1NT=DSM 110721T=LMG 31704T) and Paraburkholderia elongata sp. nov. (type strain 5NT=DSM 110722T=LMG 31705T) are proposed.
Whose Temple is it Anyway? Embodiment, Mortality, and Resurrection

Late moderns, either explicitly or implicitly, tend to maintain a sharp dichotomy between body and soul, reflecting a prevalent ambivalence toward embodiment more generally. This article recovers a...
Lidar-Based Real-Time Mapping for Digital Twin Development

Game engines are effective in generating and visualizing digital twins of urban environment in real time. However, current game engines are not built to handle the influx of real time data streams from a diverse array of IoT devices, nor can they render a real-time dynamic mesh streamed from a scanning device such as a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system. In this paper, a combination of pre-processing and post-processing techniques are considered in variably processed batches of point-cloud data. Additionally, we propose a quantitative error analysis for points generated on our experimental aerial mapping platform, as well as an analysis for the accuracy improvement after post-processing. Experimental results show that the proposed rendering algorithm and post-processing could enable a game engine to efficiently generate a highly accurate digital twin of urban environment.
A Simulation-Based Evaluation of Drone Integrated Delivery Strategies for Improving Pharmaceutical Service

Unmanned aerial vehicles or drones have great potential to better serve society. The implementation of drone delivery services can reduce costs and wait-times for goods. The healthcare industry can take advantage of these benefits as prescription drugs are potentially life-saving. Pharmacies fill hundreds of prescriptions a day, and a drone delivery service can better serve their customers. Drones are not restricted by infrastructure and can bypass city congestion; therefore, providing a quick and cost-effective delivery method for pharmacies. Three different methodologies, Truck-Only, Truck-Tandem, and Drone-Only, are researched to determine the effects of employing a drone integrated delivery service in a pharmacy. Drones are either restricted to the “last-mile” of a delivery or take full responsibility for prescription delivery. Data is gathered from the United Kingdom prescription database and implemented into a discrete-event simulation model. The prescriptions are divided into four equally distributed batches throughout the workday and are delivered at once by the associated vehicles. The primary objective is to minimize the costs of the delivery system while remaining feasible. The results suggest that full adoption of drone technology into a delivery system is the most cost-effective and quickest. However, there are significant hurdles that can hinder such implementation, and ultimately, it is up to a pharmacy manager to decide the best course of action. The employed modeling approach can be utilized by any pharmacy looking to develop a delivery service for their customers.
Education's Elusive Future, Storied Past, and the Fundamental Inequity in Between

During the past half-century, education has experienced a broad expansion of civil rights. Where no rights previously existed, students now have the right to be free from discrimination based on race, language status, disability, wealth, gender, and homelessness. The full development of these rights, along with substantive educational improvements for disadvantaged students, however, has recently stalled. For instance, mandatory school desegregation, which laid the political and theoretical foundation for other movements, is nearly non- existent today. Other movements fare better than desegregation, but nonetheless face serious limitations. The overall trend of these various movements raises serious questions about the prospects for systematically improving educational opportunities for disadvantaged students through rights-based education reform. Viewed in the short-term, education reform may appear to have plateaued and begun what will become an increasingly steep decline. But an historical approach to educational rights suggests this is not the case. *Brown v. Board of Education* and the half-century of education reform that followed collectively represent, not the whole of educational rights, but only one part of what can be conceptualized as a multi-act play. Brown was preceded by at least two crucially important periods, Reconstruction and "Separate But Equal" and will be followed by another. A broader historical view suggests that we are in the midst of a transitional period between Brown and next major saga of educational rights and reform. This next saga, however, is not yet clear because-advocates and progressive policymakers are still struggling to formulate a realistic animating theme for reform.
The Wealth Effects of Tracking Stock Restructurings

We provide a comprehensive examination of the post-issue wealth effects of 29 completed tracking stock restructurings. We document that for the parent stock and for the combined firm, tracking stock restructurings lead to insignificant long-term excess returns. However, we find that shareholders of tracking stocks realize significant post-issue wealth losses. Unlike spinoffs and carveouts, announcements of tracking stock restructurings are preceded by negative one-year excess returns, and unlike the positive post-issue long-term excess returns to spinoff stocks and the insignificant long-term excess returns to carveout stocks, tracking stocks experience negative long-term excess returns.
Q-carbon as a new radiation-resistant material

Abstract We have discovered that Q-carbon is extremely resistant to radiation damage under ion irradiations involving extreme atomic displacements and electronic excitations. Using 5 MeV Au+ ions, the Q-carbon films on sapphire substrates were irradiated in the dose range 3.3 to 10 dpa (displacements-per-atom). After the ion irradiations, detailed studies on the atomic structure and bonding characteristics showed that atomic structure and bonding characteristics of amorphous Q-carbon remained essentially unchanged to 10 dpa of radiation damage, which is equivalent to over twenty years of neutron damage in a conventional reactor. There was an ion-beam mixed layer below the Q-carbon layer, whose thickness increased from 5 nm to 10 nm, as the dose increased from 3.3 to 10 dpa. This layer was found to be mostly amorphous with a mixture Al2O3 and Al4C3. This layer, formed as a result of enhanced forward scattering and ballistic ion beam mixing, exhibited composition consistent with detailed TRIM calculations. We also found that nanodiamonds (3 nm average size) embedded in Q-carbon grew to about 60 nm after 6.6 dpa and shrank to about 40 nm after 10 dpa. We discuss the mechanism for the growth and shrinkage of metastable phase of diamond under nonequilibrium ion irradiations.