cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Income Statement

Those responsible for monitoring the financial health of a practice (or a lab or any other business) must both understand and believe the numbers and hence information provided by an income statement. In the authors’ experience, this may require time to understand how parts of the income statement interact and to adjust categories to better reflect how the practice is operating. Each month (typically, reporting periods are monthly) as these numbers become available from your accountant or business administrator, one should look at absolute numbers for each entry, whether revenue or expense, and compare numbers with the prior month and budget. It can also be very helpful to smooth out some of the natural month-to-month variability by looking at fiscal year-to-date numbers and comparing them to both prior year-to-date numbers and budgeted year-to-date. Any significant variance should be explained. While you may learn to expect certain levels of variances in numbers such as revenue from Part B billing or supply expenses, any unexpected variances should be investigated. By investigating and explaining variances, one can decide if a variance is a onetime event or portends something more significant. It may also lead one to identify problems such as a client who no longer sends work to you, a change in denial practices by major insurance companies, or an accidental overcharge from a vendor. By identifying and explaining variances in income statement categories, one can better understand the practice, protect the practice by mitigating the impact of the changing environment, and more accurately analyze future threats and opportunities.
A Revisit to the Value of "Blank-sign" in Interpersonal Communication

The paper further explores the value of "blank-sign" in interpersonal communication on the basis of another paper entitled Analyzing on the Value of the "Blank-sign" in Communication among People.Interpersonal communication is the most universal and unavoidable communication which involves communication between strangers,communication between friends,communication between lovers and communication between family members.The value of the blank-sign such as "interval","separation" and"generation gap"is worthy of being studied.If we can make use of the operative procedures of "physical space","psychological space","value judgment space"wisely,the interpersonal communication can be done in a more efficient way and thus make our society a more harmonious one.
Analysis of Enterovirus Surveillance on Acute Flaccid Paralysis Cases in Beijing from 1995-2011

Objective To analysis the results of surveillance of enterovirus (EV) for the acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Beijing during 1995-2011. Methods Isolating and identifying poliovirus (PV) and Non-polio EV (NPEV) from AFP cases during 1995-2011 are described and analysed. Results 967 stool samples from 478 AFP cases were tested and 133 EV were isolated from 90 AFP cases,the isolation rate was 13. 75%. 41 stool samples from 20 AFP cases found PV and 92 stool samples from 70 AFP cases found NPEV. The detection rate of PV and NPEV were 30. 83% and 69. 17% respectively. 11 PV Type 2 (PV Ⅱ) and 10 PV Type 3 (PV Ⅲ) were isolated from 41 samples of PV positive stool samples which account for 40. 74% and 37. 04% respectively of detection number of the PV Ⅰ + PV Ⅱ + PV Ⅲ; In 14 cases vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP),PV Ⅱ and PV Ⅰ + PV Ⅱ + PV Ⅲ cases remain disability after sixty days paralysis; Fourteen positive samples from seven AFP cases and two samples from one AFP cases were isolated type 16,group A of coxsackie virus (CV) EV 71 during 2007-2008. Conclusions The NPEV was the main part of EV in type16,group A (CVA16) from 1995-2011,and second was PV. Disability after 60 days Paralysis was caused mainly by PV Ⅱ and PV Ⅰ + PV Ⅱ + PV Ⅲ serotypes. The prevalent and the distribution of different serotypes of EV should be studied continuously.
Diastolic heart failure. Diagnosis and management.

(1989). Diastolic Heart Failure Diagnosis and Management. Hospital Practice: Vol. 24, No. 7, pp. 137-164.
Surgical principles and planning for the rheumatoid hand and wrist

Each surgical procedure available for the rheumatoid hand has a score card. The most indicated and necessary procedures include: extensor tenosynovectomy and Darrach for the impending or already ruptured extensor tendons; flexor tenosynovectomy and carpal tunnel release for the patient with impaired median nerve function; stabilization of the deformed unstable thumb with MP or IP arthrodesis; and flexor tenosynovectomy in the palm and finger of a motivated patient with significant disparity between active and passive motion. Relative indications for surgery include arthrodesis for the unstable wrist; MP arthroplasty for the fixed MP volar and ulnar subluxation with inability to open the hand; synovectomy for the occasional patient with painful boggy synovitis of the MP or PIP joint; and reconstruction of the fixed swan neck deformity with relatively good PIP joints. Both MP and PIP joints can and should be operated on at the same time. Extensive wrist surgery, that is, tenosynovectomy and Darrach or arthrodesis, should not be performed at the same time as MP arthroplasty. Try to do the "winner operations" first.
An Oxymoron in Beowulf

ðaer he þy fyrste forman dogorewealdan moste swa him wyrd ne gescrafhreð aet hilde (Beowulf 2573–75a; quoted from Fulk, Bjork, and Niles)In commentary on this difficult passage, scholars have focused...
Micromechanical Modeling of Three-dimensional Open-cell Foams

Two micromechanics models for three-dimensional (3-D) opencell foams are presented. In the first model, an energy method based on Castigliano’s second theorem is utilized. The analysis is performed on a tetrakaidecahedral unit cell, which is subjected to compression on its two opposite square faces. The thirty-six struts of the unit cell are treated as uniform slender beams undergoing linearly elastic deformations, and the twenty-four vertices as rigid joints. All three deformation mechanisms of the cell struts (i.e., stretching, shearing and bending) possible under the specified loading are incorporated, and four different strut cross section shapes (i.e., circle, square, equilateral triangle and Plateau border) are treated in a unified manner, unlike in earlier models. Two closed-form formulas for determining the effective Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of open-cell foams are provided. These two formulas are derived by using the composite homogenization theory and contain more parameters than those included in existing models. The new formulas explicitly show that the elastic properties of the foam depend on the relative foam density, the shape and size of the strut cross section, and the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the strut material. The predicted values of the effective Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio for carbon foams compare favorably with those based on existing models and experimental data.
Validity of five times sit to stand test for the evaluation of risk of fall in community-dwelling older adults

Introduction: Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) is a tool for measuring lower extremities strength, balance ability and fall risk. However, studies of the validity of FTSST in community-dwelling elders was limited. Objective: To investigate the predictive validity, concurrent validity and discriminative validity of FTSST for the risk of fall assessment in community-dwelling older. Materials and methods: The matched case-control study in 70 subjects, ≥60 years old, were divided into two groups: fall (n=35) and non-fall (n=35). All subjects were asked for baseline demographics and performed FTSST and timed up and go test (TUGT). The data obtained from this study were analyzed for predictive validity, concurrent validity, and compared to performed FTSST between fall and non-fall groups (discriminative validity). Results: Most of the subjects were female. ROC analysis indicated that time required to complete FTSST were ≥10.02 seconds, which indicated risk of fall in community-dwelling elders (sensitivity 68.57%, specificity 80.00%, area under ROC curve (AUC) 0.82; 95%CI=1.32-2.58). In addition, FTSST had strong correlation with TUGT (r=0.873; p <0.001) and subjects who experienced fall (fall group) required significantly longer time to complete FTSST than those of non-fall subjects ( p =0.005). Conclusion: Finding of this study warrants validity of the FTSST and offer important quantitative criteria to monitor risk of fall in community-dwelling elders.
Calmodulin-Mediated Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is the Ca 2+ receptor that orchestrates Ca 2+ -initiated signal transduction cascades leading to changes in cell function. Ca 2+ /CaM can also influence physiologically important processes indirectly via cross-talk with pathways initiated by other second messengers. The exquisite design of CaM allows it to assume an almost limitless number of conformations, each one dictated by the amino acid sequence of the CaM-binding domain of the individual target proteins. This chapter focuses on different aspects of CaM structure and function. Illustrative of the versatility of CaM, over 50 CaM-binding proteins are also described. A remarkable ability to serve as a selective allosteric regulator of so many enzymes allows CaM to react to both global and transient changes in Ca 2+ concentration within the dynamic and physiologically relevant range experienced by a cell. A rise in Ca 2+ markedly increases the affinity of CaM for its target proteins and promotes conformational changes in both CaM and the effector. Furthermore, this chapter reviews studies in a variety of cell types except S. cerevisiae and shows that all roles for CaM in the cell cycle are heralded by transient changes in the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration, which emphasizes the ubiquitous role of CaM as a Ca 2+ receptor. These observations illustrate the pleiotypic ability of CaM to relay Ca 2+ signals to very different effectors. Thus, Ca 2+ , CaM, and CaM-dependent target proteins are essential components of signaling cascades that monitor progression through the cell cycle.
The Antibiotic Prescribing Pathway for Presumed Urinary Tract Infections in Nursing Home Residents.

Objectives Due to the high rates of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for presumed urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing home (NH) residents, we sought to examine the antibiotic prescribing pathway and the extent to which it agrees with the Loeb criteria; findings can suggest strategies for antibiotic stewardship. Methods Chart review of 260 randomly-selected cases from 247 NH residents treated with an antibiotic for a presumed UTI in 31 NHs in North Carolina. We examined the prescribing pathway from presenting illness, to the prescribing event, illness work-up and subsequent clinical events including emergency department use, hospitalization, and death. Analyses described the decision-making processes and outcomes and compared decisions made with Loeb criteria for initiation of antibiotics. Results Of 260 cases, 60% had documented signs/symptoms of the presenting illness and 15% met the Loeb criteria. Acute mental status change was the most commonly documented sign/symptom (24%). NH providers (81%) were the most common prescribers and ciprofloxacin (32%) was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic. Fourteen percent of presumed UTI cases included a white blood cell count, 71% included a urinalysis, and 72% had a urine culture. Seventy-five percent of cultures grew at least one organism with ≥100,000 colony-forming units/milliliter and 12% grew multi-drug resistant organisms; 28% of antibiotics were prescribed for more than 7 days, and 7% of cases had a subsequent death, emergency department visit, or hospitalization within 7 days. Discussion Non-specific signs/symptoms appeared to influence prescribing more often than urinary tract-specific signs/symptoms. Prescribers rarely stopped antibiotics, and a minority prescribed for overly long periods. Providers may need additional support to guide the decision-making process to reduce antibiotic overuse and antibiotic resistance.
Propensity Score Matching with Replacement Using Weighted Least Squares: SAS Code and Macros

While propensity score matching (PSM) is increasingly common in finance and accounting research (Roberts and Whited 2013; Shipman, Swanquist, and Whited 2017), coding PSM in SAS can be tedious, with limited coding resources available to researchers. This is especially true when undertaking PSM with replacement, which is preferred in many settings (Roberts and Whited 2013) and which also serves as a worthwhile robustness test (Shipman et al. 2017). In this paper, I provide comprehensive macros for PSM in SAS to significantly increase the speed of coding, with a particular focus on PSM with replacement. While this paper provides the tools for undertaking PSM, I encourage researchers to carefully consider the appropriateness of PSM for their study (e.g., King and Nielsen 2016) before using these tools.
Non-isothermal buoyancy-driven exchange flows in inclined pipes

We study non-isothermal buoyancy-driven exchange flow of two miscible Newtonian fluids in an inclined pipe experimentally. The heavy cold fluid is released into the light hot one in an adiabatic small-aspect-ratio pipe under the Boussinesq limit (small Atwood number). At a fixed temperature, the two fluids involved have the same viscosity. Excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement is first found against rather recent studies in literature on isothermal flows where the driving force of the flow comes from salinity as opposed to temperature difference. The degree of flow instability and mixing enhances as the pipe is progressively inclined towards vertical. Similar to the isothermal limit, maximal rate of the fluids interpenetration in the non-isothermal case occurs at an intermediate angle, β. The interpenetration rate increases with the temperature difference. The degree of fluids mixing and diffusivity is found to increase in the non-isothermal case compared to the isothermal one. There has also been observed a novel asymmetric behavior in the flow, never reported before in the isothermal limit. The cold finger appears to advance faster than the hot one. Backed by meticulously designed supplementary experiments, this asymmetric behavior is hypothetically associated with the wall contact and the formation of a warm less-viscous film of the fluid lubricating the cold more-viscous finger along the pipe. On the other side of the pipe, a cool more-viscous film forms decelerating the hot less-viscous finger. Double diffusive effects associated with the diffusion of heat and mass (salinity) are further investigated. In this case and for the same range of inclination angles and density differences, the level of flow asymmetry is found to decrease. The asymmetric behaviour of the flow is quantified over the full range of experiments. Similar to the study of Salort et al. [“Turbulent velocity profiles in a tilted heat pipe,” Phys. Fluids 25(10), 105110-1–105110-16 (2013)] for tilted heat pipes, a small Richardson number of Ri≈0.05 is found, above which flow laminarization occurs. In terms of the dimensionless numbers of the problem, it is found that the interpenetrative speeds of the heavy and light fluid layers in non-isothermal and double-diffusive cases increase with the dimensionless temperature difference, rT, Atwood number, At, Grashof number, Gr, Reynolds number, Re, Nahme number, Na, and Peclet number, Pe but decreases with Prandtl number, Pr, and Brinkman number, Br.
Total sulfane sulfur bioavailability reflects ethnic and gender disparities in cardiovascular disease.

Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important physiological and pathophysiological signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system influencing vascular tone, cytoprotective responses, redox reactions, vascular adaptation, and mitochondrial respiration. However, bioavailable levels of H2S in its various biochemical metabolite forms during clinical cardiovascular disease remain poorly understood. We performed a case-controlled study to quantify and compare the bioavailability of various biochemical forms of H2S in patients with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD). In our study, we used the reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography monobromobimane assay to analytically measure bioavailable pools of H2S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also identified using DNA Pyrosequencing. We found that plasma acid labile sulfide levels were significantly reduced in Caucasian females with CVD compared with those without the disease. Conversely, plasma bound sulfane sulfur levels were significantly reduced in Caucasian males with CVD compared with those without the disease. Surprisingly, gender differences of H2S bioavailability were not observed in African Americans, although H2S bioavailability was significantly lower overall in this ethnic group compared to Caucasians. We also performed SNP analysis of H2S synthesizing enzymes and found a significant increase in cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH) 1364 G-T allele frequency in patients with CVD compared to controls. Lastly, plasma H2S bioavailability was found to be predictive for cardiovascular disease in Caucasian subjects as determined by receiver operator characteristic analysis. These findings reveal that plasma H2S bioavailability could be considered a biomarker for CVD in an ethnic and gender manner. Cystathionine gamma-lyase 1346 G-T SNP might also contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease development.
Tribological Complexity in Interface Constitutive Models

With the developments of the past four chapters in hand, we have assembled a fairly comprehensive framework for the modeling of contact and impact phenomena in nonlinear finite element analysis. This framework includes an overview of the formulation and numerical solution of generic initial/boundary value problems in nonlinear solid mechanics (Chapter 2); a presentation of the overall problem structure of contact problems, within both variational and constrained optimization frameworks (Chapter 3); a review of the issues necessary to properly formulate kinematically nonlinear contact problems from a continuum mechanical point of view (Chapter 4); and a comprehensive specification of spatial and temporal discretization strategies for contact/impact, enabling a range of numerical solutions to be obtained in both quasistatic and dynamic problems (Chapter 5). The techniques and concepts discussed in these four chapters provide key concepts for understanding of the vast majority of computational contact strategies in prevalent use today. However, even with this basic knowledge of contact formulations in place, a number of issues remain sufficiently vexing so as to warrant considerable current and future attention by computational researchers. Accordingly, the final three chapters of this monograph provide insight into some of the more significant current issues in computational contact mechanics.
The Political Economy of Chronic Poverty

This paper critically analyses the relationship between political economy and the incidence of poverty. It argues that far from globalisation providing widespread opportunities for the poor in the short to medium term, the level of global poverty is likely to increase in absolute terms, both in terms of incidence and depth. This is because many of the poorest countries are involved in a historic transition from rural smallholder agriculture to urban industrial machino-facture, and are currently undergoing a rapid process of proletarianisation. However, some of these transitions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, are stalled or reversing due to differential incorporation in globalisation processes. It is not only unlikely that the international targets for poverty reduction will be met, but probable that the period to 2015 will see an increase in absolute poverty. However, this is not because of the widespread ?exclusion? of the poor from integration into the global economy, but rather as a result of their integration on adverse terms, whereby ?exclusion? is better understood as adverse, differential incorporation. This adverse incorporation occurs at two levels: at the micro level within the labour regime in terms of available formal work, working conditions and remuneration; and at the macro-economy level where premiums for investment funds are disproportionately higher for the poorest countries. The outcome of globalisation processes is illustrated in this paper by an examination of the commercialisation of agriculture and its differential impacts on relative and absolute poverty. The case study illustrates how agricultural modernisation creates a group of newly destitute people as a corollary of increased wealth stratification. The commercialisation of agriculture often increases levels of transitory, relative poverty and raises the likelihood that some segments of society will be pushed into chronic poverty. The paper then problematises possible policy action, theoretical and actually existing, within the context of harnessing ?political economy? measures on behalf of poverty reduction, by means of redistributive political action. While it remains difficult to trace the global economy causation of poverty dynamics at the micro-level, it is possible to extrapolate broad poverty outcomes from the social trends associated with globalisation. The paper argues that processes of accumulation cause immiseration for some, increased inequality, and geographical abjection, which are currently insufficiently ameliorated by policy action. The contemporary policy orthodoxy of economic liberalisation, social safety nets and empowerment fails to recognise the radical policies, of redistribution and global regulation, that are needed to tackle the processes within capitalism that create and sustain poverty. The paper proposes that further research be undertaken to review the success or otherwise of government policy to asset the poor by means of redistribution of economic rights and rents.
Energy Conservation in Heliobacteria: Photosynthesis and Central Carbon Metabolism

Heliobacteria are a group of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria that use a unique pigment, bacteriochlorophyll g, for photosynthetic energy conversion within a type I homodimeric reaction center. Like their nonphotosynthetic relatives the clostridia, heliobacteria have a gram-positive cell structure and can form heat-resistant endospores. Heliobacteria are also unusual in that they are the only anaerobic anoxygenic phototrophs that lack a mechanism for autotrophic growth. Growth of heliobacteria is therefore dependent upon the presence of usable organic carbon sources and occurs either photoheterotrophically or chemotrophically (via pyruvate fermentation). While knowledge of heliobacterial photosynthesis and physiology has steadily increased since the relatively recent discovery of these phototrophs in the 1980s, high-resolution structural data pertaining to features of the heliobacterial photosynthetic apparatus are not yet available. This chapter summarizes our current understanding of energy conservation in heliobacteria as it relates to central carbon metabolism (in both light and dark conditions), electron transport, and light harvesting and photochemistry within the reaction center.
Rates and controls of anaerobic microbial respiration across spatial and temporal gradients in saltmarsh sediments

This study was undertaken to determine the rates and controls ofanaerobic respiration reactions coupled to organic matter mineralization as afunction of space and time along a transect from a bioturbated creekbank to themidmarsh in Georgia saltmarsh sediments. Sulfate reduction rates (SRR) weremeasured at 3 sites during 5 sampling periods throughout the growth season. Thesites differed according to hydrologic regime and the abundance of dominantplants and macrofauna. SRR and pore water / solid phase geochemistry showedevidence of enhanced sediment oxidation at sites exposed to intensebioturbation. Iron(III) reduction rates (FeRR) were directly determined insaltmarsh sediments for the first time, and in agreement with measured SRR,higher rates were observed at the bioturbated, unvegetated creekbank (BUC) andbioturbated, vegetated levee (BVL) sites in comparison to a vegetated mid-marsh(MM) site. An unexpected result was the fact that SRR varied nearly as muchbetween sites (2–3 x) as it did with temperature or season (3–4 x).The BVL site, vegetated by the tall form of Spartinaalterniflora, always exhibited the highest SRR and carbon oxidationrates (> 4000 nmol cm−3 d−1) with high activity levels extending deep (≥ 50 cm)into the sediment, while the MM site, dominated by the short form ofSpartina, always exhibited the lowest SRR which werelocalized to the top 15 cm of sediment. SRR and FeRR at BUC wereintermediate between those measured at the BVL and MM. Acetate was the mostabundant microbial fermentation product (concentrations up to > 1mM) in marsh porewaters, and its distribution reflectedrespirationactivity. Chemical exchange, caused by bioturbation, appeared to be the primarycontrol explaining trends in rates of sulfate and Fe(III) reduction withmacrophytes and carbon source acting as secondary controls.
The September 11th Victim Compensation Fund: An Effective Administrative Response to National Tragedy

In this article, I examine the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund from both a procedural and substantive standpoint. The procedural analysis will look at both the "upstream" process, i.e., the law-making process under which the legislation was enacted and the rules for the Fund were established, and the "downstream" process under which claims were resolved and compensation has been paid out. Intertwined with the procedure are the substantive rules of recovery, including the largely formulaic means through which compensation was determined with a minimum of fact-finding and advocacy. I will examine how the administrative process dealt with a legislative mandate that failed to clearly set forth whether the Fund was to serve primarily as a means of providing emergency relief to needy victims, or as an alternative means of tort recovery. Closely linked to this discussion is the public perception of the fairness of the Fund's compensation scheme, and what that might tell us about the normative value of traditional rules of tort recovery. Both the procedural and substantive elements of the Fund should generate reflection regarding the capability of the administrative process to respond to disaster and, for that matter, the fairness and efficiency of the administrative process in general.
Including Embedded Systems in CS: Why? When? and How?

Embedded systems pervade nearly every aspect of modern life. Moreover, the emergence of both mobile platforms and Internet of Things (IoT) is furthering their reach. Although embedded systems are one of the bodies of knowledge in the ACM/IEEE-CS Com- puter Engineering Curricula, they have only passing mention in the ACM/IEEE-CS Computer Science Curricula. Inclusion of embedded systems concepts in undergraduate computer science can facilitate many objectives: a) they are an example of Platform-Based Devel- opment, a prominent theme in the ACM 2013 CS Curricula, b) they are often a more suitable level of complexity for educational needs than other "real world" platforms (e.g., Arduinos may be used to introduce many AP CS Principles in a single course), c) they offer a novel form of engagement, which may enhance diversity, and d) emerging areas, like IoT, are increasing demand for professionals that understand the full span of systems, from low-level firmware, to middleware and cloud computing. This panel represents three methods of including embedded systems concepts in undergraduate computer science: 1) use of em- bedded systems to improve engagement in a non-major computing course, 2) a required course covering core content for both com- puter science and computer engineering majors, and 3) a degree program offering a formal emphasis in embedded systems via a complementary set of courses. The panelists will share their motiva- tions for including embedded systems concepts in their programs, their approaches to integrating the content into their curricula, the teaching methods they use, the challenges they faced, and chal- lenges that remain.
Lawn mowing frequency in suburban areas has no detectable effect on Borrelia spp. vector Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)

Forests have become increasingly fragmented throughout the US, with residential development serving as the primary driver of these changes. These altered landscapes have provided suitable conditions for a broad range of wildlife, including blacklegged ticks and their hosts. Lawns dominate residential landscapes, and thus their management has the potential to reduce the likelihood of contact with ticks in residential yards. We tested the hypothesis that lawn mowing frequency influences tick occurrence in 16 suburban yards in Springfield, MA. We conducted 144 tick drags in lawns of various lawn mowing frequencies (mowed every week, every 2-weeks and every 3-weeks) and did not collect any ticks of any species. Promoting frequent mowing (i.e., shorter lawns) and the removal of grass clippings could have minimal impacts on tick microhabitats, but is consequential for beneficial wildlife and other ecosystem services associated with urban biodiversity.
Global Political Economy and Governance: Four Paradigmatic Views

Any explanation of governance is based on a worldview. The premise of this book is that any worldview can be associated with one of the four broad paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. This chapter takes the case of governance and discusses it from the four different viewpoints. It emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the phenomenon from their certain paradigmatic viewpoint; and together they provide a more balanced understanding of the phenomenon under consideration.
on finding yourself in a state of nature: a kantian account of abortion and voluntary motherhood

I defend the right to an abortion at any stage of pregnancy by drawing on a Kantian account of consent and innate right. I examine how pregnant women are positioned in moral and legal debates about abortion, and develop a Kanitan account of bodily autonomy in order to pregnant women’s epistemic authority over the experience of pregnancy. Second, I show how Kant's distinction between innate and private right offers an excellent legal framework for embodied rights, including abortion and sexual consent, and I draw on the legal definition of sexual consent in order to show how abortion discourse undermines women's innate right. I then explore Kant’s treatment of the infanticidal mother, and draw out the parallels between this case and contemporary abortion rights in order to develop a distinctly Kantian framework of reproductive rights in non-ideal conditions. Finally, I explore the implications of this non-ideal approach for contemporary abortion discourse, arguing that debates about the legality of abortion should more broadly engage the barbaric conditions of reproductive injustice.
Haptoglobin therapy has differential effects depending on severity of canine septic shock and cell‐free hemoglobin level

Background During sepsis, higher plasma cell-free hemoglobin (CFH) levels portend worse outcomes. In sepsis models, plasma proteins that bind CFH improve survival. In our canine antibiotic-treated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia model, with and without red blood cell (RBC) exchange transfusion, commercial human haptoglobin (Hp) concentrates bound and compartmentalized CFH intravascularly, increased CFH clearance, and lowered iron levels, improving shock, lung injury, and survival. We now investigate in our model how very high CFH levels and treatment time affect Hp's beneficial effects. Materials and methods Two separate canine pneumonia sepsis Hp studies were undertaken: one with exchange transfusion of RBCs after prolonged storage to raise CFH to very high levels and another with rapidly lethal sepsis alone to shorten time to treat. All animals received continuous standard intensive care unit supportive care for 96 hours. Results Older RBCs markedly elevated plasma CFH levels and, when combined with Hp therapy, created supraphysiologic CFH-Hp complexes that did not increase CFH or iron clearance or improve lung injury and survival. In a rapidly lethal bacterial challenge model without RBC transfusion, Hp binding did not increase clearance of complexes or iron or show benefits seen previously in the less lethal model. Discussion High-level CFH-Hp complexes may impair clearance mechanisms and eliminate Hp's beneficial effect during sepsis. Rapidly lethal sepsis narrows the therapeutic window for CFH and iron clearance, also decreasing Hp's beneficial effects. In designing clinical trials, dosing and kinetics may be critical factors if Hp infusion is used to treat sepsis.
Can serum thioredoxin levels predict sensitivity to platinum in lung cancer

e22062 Background: Our laboratory has found that cisplatin resistant lung cancer cells possess high levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species). Low intracellular TRX1 (thioredoxin) levels due to incre...
A Review of Spatial Ability Research.

Spatial ability research has been approached from several psychological vantages since its beginnings in the late 1800s. Th is contribution attempts a summation of spatial ability research, beginning with a historical vignette and a major section on each psychological approach including the psychometric, developmental, diff erential and information processing approach. Of importance is what each approach has contributed to our knowledge of spatial ability.
A Multimetric Health Literacy Analysis of Autologous Versus Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction.

Background Over the past decade, the demand for breast reconstruction has mirrored the rising incidence of breast cancer. Common postoncologic surgical options include autologous and implant-based reconstruction. Patient-directed health information for breast reconstruction can play a critical role in the decision-making process. This study comparatively evaluates the top online resources for autologous versus implant-based reconstruction using a multimetric health literacy analysis. Methods The top 10 websites for autologous and implant-based reconstruction were identified using a Google search. A total of 20 unique links were appraised by 2 independent raters for understandability and actionability using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool and cultural sensitivity using the Cultural Sensitivity Assessment Tool. A Cohen κ for interrater reliability was calculated. Mean reading grade level and word complexity were also determined. Results Websites for both autologous and implant-based modalities exceeded the recommended sixth- to eighth-grade reading level (12.4 and 12.1, respectively; P = 0.65). Mean understandability scores for each modality were low (60.5 and 62.5, P = 0.65). Autologous-based resources had a lower mean actionability score compared with implant-based materials (19.5 and 24, respectively; P = 0.04). Both reconstructive modalities met the threshold for acceptability for cultural sensitivity (2.79 and 2.58, P = 0.09). Conclusions Our study revealed a chasm between the health literacy needs of the average adult and the quality of both implant-based and autologous breast reconstruction resources. Materials for both modalities were often too complex and failed to include tools to facilitate active decision making, particularly for autologous-based reconstruction. Strategies to improve materials should be patient centered and include simplification of reading grade level, incorporation of clear visual aids, and inclusion of procedural risks to promote patient comprehension, participation, and ultimately health outcomes.
Examining the impact of COVID-19 in ethnically diverse families with young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic introduced challenges to families with young children with developmental delays. Beyond the widespread concerns surrounding illness, loss of employment and social isolation, caregivers are responsible for overseeing their children's educational and therapeutic programmes at home often without the much needed support of professionals. Method The present study sought to examine the impact of COVID-19 in 77 ethnically, linguistically and socioeconomically diverse families with young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) in California and Oregon, who were participating in larger intervention studies. Parents responded to five interview questions about the impact of the pandemic, services for their child, silver linings or positive aspects, coping and their concerns about the long-term impact of the pandemic. Results Parents reported that their biggest challenge was being at home caring for their children with the loss of many essential services. Parents reported some positive aspects of the pandemic, especially being together as a family. Although there were positive aspects of the situation, many parents expressed concern about long-term impacts of the pandemic on their children's development, given the loss of services, education and social engagement opportunities. Conclusion Results suggest that parents of young children with IDD report significant challenges at home during the pandemic. Professional support, especially during the reopening phases, will be critical to support family well-being and child developmental outcomes.
Machine learning, waveform preprocessing and feature extraction methods for classification of acoustic startle waveforms.

Abstract The acoustic startle response (ASR) is an involuntary muscle reflex that occurs in response to a transient loud sound and is a highly-utilized method of assessing hearing status in animal models. Currently, a high level of variability exists in the recording and interpretation of ASRs due to the lack of standardization for collecting and analyzing these measures. An ensembled machine learning model was trained to predict whether an ASR waveform is a startle or non-startle using highly-predictive features extracted from normalized ASR waveforms collected from young adult CBA/CaJ mice. Features were extracted from the normalized waveform as well as the power spectral density estimates and continuous wavelet transforms of the normalized waveform. Machine learning models utilizing methods from different families of algorithms were individually trained and then ensembled together, resulting in an extremely robust model. • ASR waveforms were normalized using the mean and standard deviation computed before the startle elicitor was presented • 9 machine learning algorithms from 4 different families of algorithms were individually trained using features extracted from the normalized ASR waveforms • Trained machine learning models were ensembled to produce an extremely robust classifier
Thermal planning: what can campuses teach us about expanding district energy?

Campus district energy (DE) systems present opportunities to reduce energy costs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, manage peak loads, and increase the share of renewable energy. We investigate the ...
The Application of Statistics in Fingermark Aging Research

Statistics play an important role in the analysis of forensic traces, including the potential dating of fingermarks. There are numerous statistical tools, both univariate and multivariate, used in fingermark source identification and aging research to study relationships and determine whether there are meaningful differences. Regardless of the statistical methods employed, it is necessary to ensure that the statistics used in forensic examinations are rigorously tested. When investigating the aging of fingermarks, both chemical and physical properties have been examined using a range of techniques and statistical approaches. While most use simple but robust statistics, a few have used sophisticated multivariate methods. Considering the complexity of fingermark aging, and specifically the number of external and internal factors, it is likely that the most successful approaches to dating a fingermark will employ multivariate statistics and possibly data fusion.
“Ah, pox o’ your Pad-lock”: Interjections in the Old Bailey Corpus 1720–1913

Abstract In Early Modern English Dialogs: Spoken Interaction as Writing (2010), Jonathan Culpeper and Merja Kyto discuss the function and distribution of interjections such as Ah, Oh, and “pragmatic noise” such as Tush in Early Modern English, as represented in A Corpus of English Dialogs 1560–1760. Although they recognize trials as major sources of data close to speech, Culpeper and Kyto mention them only briefly in connection with interjections. I explore the use of the interjections Oh, O, Ah, Ay(e), and Ha(h) in the Modern British English Old Bailey Corpus (1720–1913). As might be expected from trial records, the interjections are used with low frequency. Most appear in narratives by defendants and witnesses, but a few also occur in interactions among courtroom participants. After identifying the inventory of interjections used in the Old Bailey Corpus, I analyze their functions, and the extent to which they evidence change between Early Modern English, as described by Culpeper and Kyto, and Modern English as represented in the later parts of The Old Bailey Corpus.
Chapter 35. Twenty Five Years of Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry

Publisher Summary Although annual reports in medicinal chemistry (ARMC) is intended as a succinct review of the field rather than an early alert mechanism to significant new findings, the series reflect a lot of new discoveries by the inclusion of specific chapters prompted by recent, significant discoveries. This chapter discusses a very personal and admittedly subjective view of progress or lack thereof, over the past 25 years in selected areas of medicinal chemistry as revealed in the pages of ARMC. It has been divided into clearly defined sections: one section is devoted to the discussions of specific therapeutic areas and the other to the reviews of more general topics related to drug design and development. The sections are central nervous system (CNS) agents, cardiovascular and pulmonary agents, chemotherapeutic agent, metabolic diseases and endocrine function, topics in biology, and topics in chemistry and drug design. The four chapters that comprise the initial section of the book are all related to therapeutic agents. It is reasonable to assume that the therapeutic areas that are included for review are those that are being actively pursued by the industry. A review of the changing titles in these sections probably reflects in a very general way the ebb and flow of research targets.
The Advocate as Witness: Understanding Culture, Context and Client

The advocate-witness rule is an ethics rule of relatively recent origin, but with deeper roots. Despite its recent vintage as a rule, it has come to be the third most litigated ethics issue in federal court practice, running behind only conflicts of interest and communication with represented parties in importance. The adaptability of the advocate-witness rule to the particular context, culture and client demonstrates that some legal contexts give greater protection to the attorney-client relationship. As the review indicates, labor arbitration is significantly more tolerant of dual functioning as both advocate and witness, treating the issue as largely a procedural concern, so that fewer clients are separated from their counsel of choice. Labor arbitration is also a significant source of access to justice for many middle-class, and aspiring middle-class, workers. At least in the context of labor arbitration, the advocate-witness rule bends to give greater protection to middle-income clients.It is true that this chameleon rule is untidy and sometimes appears to lack coherence. The advocate-witness rule is grounded in multiple policy concerns that appear inconsistent because different contexts raise different policy concerns. The application of the rule is subject to some criticism. Bad decisions can flow from an unduly wooden application of the rule. From this review it appears that federal courts could be more respectful of-give more weight to-the reality of a strong attorney-client relationship, without going as far as labor arbitration. But perhaps chameleon rules have, like their namesakes, found the correct technique for adapting to the surrounding situation.
Prolactin levels in nursing mothers

Plasma prolactin (hPRL) concentration was measured in four nursing mothers during 24 hour periods. Blood was collected via indwelling catheters and sleep and nursing periods were recorded. Elevated hRPL levels and amenorrhea were seen for as long as 13 months post partum in mothers whose infants nursed frequently. One mother, whose infant nursed less frequently, menstruated and had lower prolactin levels but continued to lactate. Plasma hPRL rose after nursing periods in nine of 18 instances at two months post partum, but in only five of 27 instances at six months post partum. Nighttime release hPRL was higher (five of six) in nursing mothers, just as in normal subjects (five of seven). Therefore it was concluded that prolactin levels in nursing mothers may remain elevated for over one year post partum if frequent nursing continues. Lactation may continue in spite of normal hPRL levels. A consistent rise in hPRL is not seen with nursing episodes occurring after two months post partum. Nursing mothers, like normal women, tend to have higher nighttime release of hPRL.
Using Nursing Diagnoses and Interventions in an Inpatient Amputee Program

The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive analysis of an inpatient amputee program at Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (SRH) in Boston; the analysis focused on nursing diagnoses and interventions documented in the medical record. The study was based on a retrospective chart review conducted for 96 inpatient lower-extremity amputees who were admitted from October 1988 through September 1989. The results of the study identified common nursing diagnoses and interventions used for a medically complex population of people who had had amputations. In addition, the study showed that most subjects improved in functional status, thus confirming the success of the program. All subjects were either discharged to their homes or transferred to an acute care facility. The study results will be used to develop a standardized nursing care plan, as well as creative new modalities for patient and family education, at SRH.
NOTCH and PTEN in prostate cancer

Over the past decade, our understanding of the role that Notch-signaling has in tumorigenesis has shifted from leukemogenesis into cancers of solid tumors. Emerging data suggests that in addition to direct effects mediated through the canonical Notch pathway, Notch may participate in epithelial tumor development through regulation of pathways such as PTEN/PI3K/Akt. Prostate cancer is a disease for which PTEN gene expression is especially essential. This review will summarize a role for Notch in prostate development and cancer with an emphasis on how the Notch pathway may intersect with PTEN/PI3K/Akt and mTOR signaling.