cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid induction of CRE-binding protein isoform mRNAs in rat C6 glioma cells

Mammalian cells express several distinct isoforms of transcription factor CREB (cAMP-responsive element binding protein). At least two forms, alpha- and delta CREB, arise through alternative splicing of the CREB gene transcript. In this communication we demonstrate that the mRNAs of several CREB isoforms are expressed in rat C6 glioma cells and that the intracellular levels of these mRNAs are markedly induced by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Nuclear run-off assays show that the induction occurs, at least in part, through a transcriptional mechanism. The enhanced cellular levels of CREB mRNAs are accompanied by increased CREB protein and CRE-binding activity of nuclear extracts as evaluated by immunoblot and Southwestern blot assays.
Trust and independence aware decision fusion in distributed networks

In distributed network environments, decisions must often be made based on incomplete or uncertain evidence whose sources may be dependent. Properly fusing potentially unreliable and dependent information from multiple sources is critical to effective decision making. The Transferable Belief Model (TBM), an extension of Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST), is a well known information fusion framework that can cope with conflicting evidences. However, neither DST nor TBM deals with misbehaving data sources and dependence of fusion data, which are often observed in dynamic multi-hop network environments. In this work, we propose a decision fusion framework that considers multi-dimensional trust and independence of information using a provenance technique, to enhance fusion reliability. We consider three information trust dimensions: correctness, completeness, and timeliness. Our simulation results show that the proposed framework yields a higher correct decision ratio, compared with the baseline counterparts.
Use of Caffeine and Nicotine in People with Schizophrenia

There are numerous reports of increased use of both caffeine and nicotine in schizophrenia. Clinical effects of these substances are important and may complicate the interpretation of schizophrenia symptoms and antipsychotic medication side effects. Use of caffeine and nicotine is often linked, with smokers using more caffeine due to interacting metabolic effects. Studies of neurobiology reveal evidence of specific brain changes in schizophrenia that are impacted by nicotine and caffeine and suggest self-medication effects. Interestingly both substances are linked to altered inhibitory mechanisms in brain functioning. Few studies have examined both simultaneously which is critical given their metabolic and symptomatic interactions. This paper reviews use of caffeine and nicotine in people with schizophrenia and gives recommendations for their further study.
Emerging Congruence between Animation and Anatomy

ABSTRACT The worlds of animation and anatomy have a long-standing connection based on both direct and indirect collaboration. The author surveys a number of projects in which anatomists have consulted on animation projects or animation techniques have been used for data gathering and analysis. The author describes his own work in light of this connection.
Uncertainty Analysis of Wideband Oxygen Sensor Based Strategy for Steady-State Biodiesel Blend Estimation

Real-time estimation and accommodation is critical for clean and efficient utilization of biodiesel blends in “fuel flexible” diesel engines. This paper utilizes a generalizable, physically-based, and experimentally-verified blend estimation strategy which uses exhaust oxygen sensor measurements coupled with engine control module (ECM) estimates of fuel and air flow to estimate the biodiesel blend fraction. The paper assesses the impact of uncertain variables on the estimation strategy. The strategy is essentially unaffected by biodiesel feedstock variations and, when applied to a Cummins 6.7-liter engine, is not susceptible to significant blend estimation discrepancies in response to expected fuel flow and oxygen sensor errors. However, observed errors in air flow estimates are expected to lead to large blend estimate errors. Use of direct air flow measurement or the use of a dynamic estimator (e.g., Kalman filter) synthesized from the model, the subject matter of future work, is expected to significantly reduce these errors.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Phase Transformation and Its Effect on Flank Wear in Machining Steels

In machining, the main wear mechanism on the flank surface of a tool is commonly believed to be abrasive wear [1,9]. Accordingly, work materials with a higher concentration of hard inclusions are expected to develop higher flank wear rates. However, the previous turning experiment [9] with plain carbon steels containing varying amounts of cementite inclusions did not exhibit the expected flank wear behavior Other imperative phenomenon must be occurring at the tool-work material interface during machining, which diminishes the abrasive action of the cementite inclusions. To investigate this behavior, a series of turning tests with AISI 1045, 1070, and 4340 steels have been conducted; and the newly generated surface layers are examined for phase identification using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). At high cutting speeds (>200 m/min), flank wear is diminished as the cementite phase at the newly formed surface dissociates and diffuses into the matrix of the austenitic phase. Because the heated austenite phase is cooled extremely rapidly, martensitic and in some case even retained austenitic phases are formed. This is the evidence of phase transformation, which explains the flank wear data observed in [9]. In addition, phase transformation explains the scatter in flank wear data in the literature because the onset of phase transformation depends on the exact composition of the work materials as well as interfacial conditions such as temperature and pressure. This paper reports the experimental evidence of phase transformation and its consequence on flank wear in machining annealed steels.
Respiratory units of motor production and song imitation in the zebra finch.

Juvenile male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) learn a stereotyped song by imitating sounds from adult male tutors. Their song is composed of a series of syllables, which are separated by silent periods. How acoustic units of song are translated into respiratory and syringeal motor gestures during the song learning process is not well understood. To learn about the respiratory contribution to the imitation process, we recorded air sac pressure in 38 male zebra finches and compared the acoustic structures and air sac pressure patterns of similar syllables qualitatively and quantitatively. Acoustic syllables correspond to expiratory pressure pulses and most often (74%) entire syllables are copied using similar air sac pressure patterns. Even notes placed within different syllables are generated with similar air sac pressure patterns when only segments of syllables are copied (9%). A few of the similar syllables (17%) are generated with a modified pressure pattern, typically involving addition or deletion of an inspiration. The high similarity of pressure patterns for like syllables indicates that generation of particular sounds is constrained to a narrow range of air sac pressure conditions. Following presentation of stroboscope flashes, song was typically interrupted at the end of an expiratory pressure pulse, confirming that expirations and, therefore, syllables are the smallest unit of motor production of song. Silent periods, which separate syllables acoustically, are generated by switching from expiration to inspiration. Switching between respiratory phases, therefore, appears to play a dominant role in organizing the stereotyped motor program for song production.
Determination of Kinetic Parameters of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction A + B + C → Products with the Minimum Number of Velocity Measurements

Rapid-equilibrium rate equations are derived for the five different mechanisms for the enzymatic catalysis of A + B + C → products using a computer. These rate equations are used to determine the minimum number of velocities required to estimate the values of the kinetic parameters. The rate equation for the completely ordered mechanism involves four kinetic parameters, and the rate equation for the completely random mechanism involves eight kinetic parameters. Therefore, the four to eight kinetic parameters can be estimated by determining four to eight velocities and solving four to eight simultaneous equations. General recommendations are made as to the choices of triplets of substrate concentrations {[A], [B], [C]} to be used to determine the velocities. The effects of 5% errors in the measured velocities, one at a time, are calculated and are summarized in tables. Calculations of effects of experimental errors are useful in choosing the triplets of substrate concentrations to be used to obtain the mos...
Rheo-Optical Studies of Liquid Crystalline Solutions of Helical Polypeptides

Abstract The shear dependence of structures of liquid crystalline solutions of Poly-γ-benzyl-l-glutamate PBLG in m-cresol was examined in a polarizing microscope using a specially constructed shearing stage and stroboscopic illumination. Three different textures were observed depending on shear rate. The shear rates at which the texture changes occurred correlated well with the changes in sign of the first normal stress difference reported earlier.1,2 The region of negative first normal stress difference corresponded to a texture consisting of striations perpendicular to shear. The transverse striations were also observed to develop over a period of seconds or minutes after cessation of shear at rates within the first positive region of N 1, These striations could be fixed in a dried film by using a volatile helicogenic solvent (1,4-dioxane). A speculative model is proposed to account for the rheological observations in Refs.1,2 and the rheo-optical observations reported herein.
Global sulfur emissions from 1850 to 2000

The ASL database provides continuous time-series of sulfur emissions for most countries in the World from 1850 to 1990, but academic and official estimates for the 1990s either do not cover all years or countries. This paper develops continuous time series of sulfur emissions by country for the period 1850–2000 with a particular focus on developments in the 1990s. Global estimates for 1996–2000 are the first that are based on actual observed data. Raw estimates are obtained in two ways. For countries and years with existing published data I compile and integrate that data. Previously published data covers the majority of emissions and almost all countries have published emissions for at least 1995. For the remaining countries and for missing years for countries with some published data, I interpolate or extrapolate estimates using either an econometric emissions frontier model, an environmental Kuznets curve model, or a simple extrapolation, depending on the availability of data. Finally, I discuss the main movements in global and regional emissions in the 1990s and earlier decades and compare the results to other studies. Global emissions peaked in 1989 and declined rapidly thereafter. The locus of emissions shifted towards East and South Asia, but even this region peaked in 1996. My estimates for the 1990s show a much more rapid decline than other global studies, reflecting the view that technological progress in reducing sulfur based pollution has been rapid and is beginning to diffuse worldwide. � 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Zinc-binding proteins (metallothionein and α-2 macroglobulin) and immunosenescence

Zinc is a relevant trace element for the efficiency of the entire immune system. The binding of zinc with some proteins, such as metallothioneins (MT) and alpha-2 macroglobulin (alpha-2M) is crucial for the immune efficiency during ageing and in age-related diseases, because these proteins may be involved in antagonistic pleiotropic effects. Indeed, the presence of chronic inflammation during ageing, generally, induces overexpression of these proteins that, due to their original biological function in fighting stressor agents, continuously sequester intracellular zinc. As a consequence, a low zinc ion availability may appear in aged organisms leading to impairments of the immune response at thymic and extrathymic levels with the risk of the appearance of age-related diseases. Therefore, MT and alpha-2M turn from protective in "young-adult age" to harmful agents in "ageing" following the basic assumption of an evolutionary theory of ageing, named the "antagonistic pleiotropy", which suggests that a trade off between early beneficial effects and late negative outcomes can occur at a genetic and molecular level. On the other hand, some polymorphisms of MT (MT2A) and alpha-2M have been associated with atherosclerosis or Alzheimer disease, respectively. Physiological zinc supplementation in elderly restores the thymic endocrine activity and innate immune response (NK cell cytotoxicity) and increases the survival rate in old mice. Therefore, zinc supplementation is useful to achieve health longevity because these zinc-binding proteins may regain their original protective task against oxidative damage with, thus, a beneficial impact on immune response.
D-T experiments on TFTR

Temperatures, densities and confinement of deuterium plasmas confined in tokamaks have been achieved within the last decade that are approaching those required for a D-T reactor. As a result, the unique phenomena present in a D-T reactor plasma (D-T plasma confinement, alpha confinement, alpha heating and possible alpha driven instabilities) can now be studied in the laboratory. Recent experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) have been the first magnetic fusion experiments to study plasmas with reactor fuel concentrations of tritium. The injection of ∼20 MW of tritium and 14 MW of deuterium neutral beams into the TFTR produced a plasma with a T/D density ratio of ∼1 and yielded a maximum fusion power of ∼9.2 MW. The fusion power density in the core of the plasma was ∼1.8 MW m−3 approximating that expected in a D-T fusion reactor. In other experiments TFTR has produced 6.4 MJ of fusion energy in one pulse satisfying the original 1976 goal of producing 1 to 10 MJ of fusion energy per pulse. A TFTR plasma with T/D density ratio of ∼1 was found to have ∼20% higher energy confinement time than a comparable D plasma, indicating a confinement scaling with average ion mass, A, of τE∼. The core ion temperature increased from 30 keV to 37 keV due to a 35% improvement of ion thermal conductivity. Using the electron thermal conductivity from a comparable deuterium plasma, about 50% of the electron temperature increase from 9 keV to 10.6 keV can be attributed to electron heating by the alpha particles. At fusion power levels of 7.5 MW, fluctuations at the Toroidal Alfven Eigenmode frequency were observed by the fluctuation diagnostics. However, no additional alpha loss due to the fluctuations was observed. These D-T experiments will continue over a broader range of parameters and higher power levels.
Design and preliminary tests of a family of adaptive waveforms to measure blood vessel diameter and wall thickness

In this article, we consider the adaptive design of waveforms to be used in vascular ultrasound. The advantage of these waveforms, when used with the proposed processing scheme, is that their application results in increased reflected energy, especially when compared with more conventional methods such as a short-gated sinusoid. This increase in reflected energy has potential to permit inferences to be made about wall thickness and vessel diameter from deeper vessels than possible with more traditional techniques. Here, the use of waveforms of the type A(t)e(j(kt/sup 2/)), 0/spl les/t/spl les/b, where A(t) is a specially designed envelope and k a sweep frequency, are proposed. Theorems are proved that describe how to choose an A(t) which results in either a maximum of reflected energy signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or range resolution. The design of the waveform is adaptive in that both A(t) and k are derived in consideration of a specific blood vessel whose transfer function has been obtained experimentally. Numerical simulations illustrate the advantages of using these waveforms as well as the effects of the parameters. A simple experimental implementation of the methodology is presented on a brachial artery. The measurement of the impulse response of the artery is presented in this context. Results indicate that a processing gain in SNR over the instantaneous values obtained from the raw echo waveforms of 11 dB to 14 dB can be obtained via this methodology.
Generalized utility metrics for supercomputers

The problem of ranking the utility of supercomputer systems arises frequently in situations such as procurements and other types of evaluations of architectures. It is also central for any general ranking of supercomputers such as the Top500. Rankings of computer systems have traditionally solely focused on performance aspects. In recent years restrictions due to power and space requirements of large supercomputers have become very noticeable, which has increased the importance of including these factors in generalized rankings. In this paper we present an overview of the current practice for utility metrics and analyze their shortcomings. We then present and discuss in detail a new concept for a parameterized utility metric for supercomputers, which is based on effective performance, available memory size, actual power consumption, and (if desired) the floor space required for supercomputers. This metric is designed and proposed for augmenting the current Top500 ranking.
Photodissociation of NO2 in the Region 217−237 nm: Nascent NO Energy Distribution and Mechanism†

Photodissociation of NO2 in the region of 217−237 nm is investigated by probing the nascent NO generated using a one-laser photofragmentation/fragment-detection technique. By mixing O2 in the sample (20%−100%) and by setting proper detection timing, only mass-resolved excitation spectra (MRES) of photofragmented NO are obtained and examined. The nascent NO spectrum changes depending on the intensity (W/cm2) of the laser beam. For low laser intensity, the dissociation of NO2 produces rotationally and vibrationally cold NO through the NO2 22B2 (B) excited state. Excess energy for this photofragmentation is ∼0.4 eV at 226 nm. This excess energy is distributed almost entirely to the kinetic energy of NO(X 2A2) and O(1D) products. The spectrum of photofragmented NO becomes very crowded as the laser intensity is increased because higher rotational and vibrational levels of NO become populated through multiphoton excitation and eventual photofragmentation of NO2 from higher-energy electronic states. The rotatio...
Chemotherapy for Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Protocol Versus Nonprotocol? Is Noninvestigational Treatment Worthwhile? Patient Selection? Which Regimen? What's Next?

The results of selected chemotherapy trials and philosophical considerations regarding the role of chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer are discussed in this review. The issue of treating patients within a clinical or with a "standard regimen" is addressed. In addition, the survival results of randomized trials in which chemotherapy was compared with supportive care and the related quality of life and economic concerns are reviewed. Physicians' attitudes regarding treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients as well as the questions of patient selection and the choice of regimen including the consideration of single versus combination regimens are discussed. The results of single agent phase II trials that identified new agents with response rates ≥15%—paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, CPT11—are described, and their implications for the design of new clinical trials are discussed.
Using a Tilt Table to Evaluate Syncope

Upright tilt testing is commonly used in the evaluation of patients with syncope to provoke hypotension and/or bradycardia in the laboratory. The most common type of response is provocation of neurally mediated syndrome (vasovagal syncope). The American College of Cardiology Expert Consensus has proposed indications for tilt testing. The most common indication is recurrent syncope of unexplained cause. Upright tilt testing methods have not been standardized. The most common protocols in this country use a tilt angle of 60-80 degrees and use isoproterenol infusion after a period of drug-free tilt testing. The sensitivity of upright tilt testing is estimated to be 67-83%, and the specificity is between 75 and 100%. The reproducibility of the test has been variable. In patients with unexplained syncope, positive responses are found to be 50% without the use of isoproterenol and 64% with the use of isoproterenol. Many different treatments have been used. At this time, there is no consensus regarding the most effective treatment. Beta-blockers and fludrocortisone plus salt are the most commonly used drugs. Pacemakers have been used, but their role is ill-defined at this time.
Body image and body shape ideals in magazines: exposure, awareness, and internalization

Three aspects of a sociocultural influence on appearance--media exposure, awareness of societal ideals, and internalization of sociocultural messages--were assessed in college females (75% White, 7% Black, 10% Hispanic, 7% Asian or Pacific Islander, and 1% other) and related to measures of body image disturbance, eating dysfunction, and overall self-esteem. The exposure variable consisted of an empirically derived index of coded body shape images from magazines specifically selected because of their high readership in the tested sample of females. Awareness of societal pressures regarding appearance and internalization of these messages were measured with the two subscales of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire. Correlational and regression analyses failed to find any relationship between simple exposure and indices of body image, eating dysfunction, and self-esteem. Awareness of societal pressures was a significant predictor in regression analyses; however, internalization of social standards of appearance accounted for significant and substantial levels of variance beyond that explained by awareness. The findings are discussed in light of recent cognitive-behavioral and psychoeducational for body image disturbance.
Effect of Seedling Age, Environmental Temperature, and Foliar Total Glycoalkaloids on Resistance of Five Solanum Genotypes to the Potato Leafhopper

Potato seedlings were evaluated at 2, 3, and 4 wk of age for resistance to Empoasca fabae (Harris) using glasshouse methods. The relative resistance rankings of seedling-stage plants, as measured by nymphal survival and plant injury, were similar to those obtained by field assessment of mature plants in earlier studies. Resistance of the wild, diploid species, Solanum pampasense Hawkes, was detectable in seedlings as young as 2 wk of age. Depending on the growth stage, foliage of S. pampasense seedlings contained 3–14 times the levels of total glycoalkaloids as that of the susceptible cultivar, ‘Katahdin’, suggesting involvement of these steroidal glycosides in potato leafhopper resistance. For mature plants, use of a fluctuating 25°/l5°C temperature regime provided a wider range in expression of resistance between clones than did a constant 25°C regime.
Predicting STM images of molecular adsorbates

Abstract Extended Huckel theory forms the basis of a simple computational method for predicting scanning tunneling microscopy images for molecules adsorbed onto metal surfaces. Development of the technique is described, including adsorbate geometry selection, calculation of electronic structure images, and comparison of the modeled images with both experiment and isolated molecule calculations. This technique is shown to reproduce such experimentally observed image features as detailed internal structure and resolution and bias effects. Systems considered include naphthalene, azulene, and a range of methylazulenes on Pt(111), benzene and CO on Rh(111), graphite, and fluorobenzene on Pt(111).
A selective dry-etch technique for GaAs MESFET gate recessing

Reports a selective dry-etching technique for GaAs MESFET gate recessing, where a thin AlGaAs etch stop is used to precisely control the recess depth. Selective dry etching was achieved by using a CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2//He gas mixture yielding a selectivity of >600 for GaAs over AlGaAs. A thin (35-50-AA) Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As layer (x=0.3) was used to control the etch depth. The surface composition of the RIE (reactive ion etch) recessed AlGaAs layers was analyzed by angle-resolved X-ray photospectrometry and compared to the surface compositions of the wet-chemically recessed samples. The standard deviation of MESFET threshold voltage was as low as 20 mV across a 3-in. wafer by using this selective dry-etch technique. The MESFETs show excellent electrical characteristics with transconductance of 150 mS/mm for a 1*100 mu m gate and breakdown voltages as high as 38 V. >
Oncogene Activation in Multistage Carcinogenesis

Oncogene activation in multistage carcinogenesis is discussed. Results from a number of in vitro studies are cited. An understanding of the mechanisms that suppress activated ras oncogene-induced transformation by protease inhibitors is expected to shed light on the process of multistage carcinogenesis.
Acute Hepatic Ischaemia Due to Aortic Dissection: Successful Treatment with Suprarenal Aortic Stenting

did not have any physical ﬁndings suggestive of ab-dominal visceral ischaemia, serum chemistries dem-Peripheral vascular complications of aortic dissection onstrated marked elevation of total bilirubin andhave been well described and may occur in nearly hepatic enzyme levels (Table 1).one-third of cases.
Educational Mentor Program in a Web-based Doctor of Pharmacy Degree Pathway

Objective. To establish a successful educational mentor program for the Web-based doctor of pharmacy pathway at Creighton University, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions. Design. A recruitment process was established and the educational mentor's responsibilities were identified. The roles of faculty instructors, the Office of Information Technology and Learning Resources, the Office of Faculty Development and Assessment, and Web-based Pharmacy Pathway Office as it pertains to the training of educational mentors were clearly delineated. An evaluation process for all key aspects of the program was also put in place. Assessment. Student, instructor, and mentor evaluations showed overall satisfaction with the program. Persistent areas of concern include the difficulty in motivating students to participate and/or engage in learning with the mentors. Many students remain unclear about mentors' roles and responsibilities. Lastly, in regards to mentors, there is a limited utilization of provided online reso...
Transcriptional Networks for Alcohol Sensitivity in Drosophila melanogaster

Understanding the genetic architecture of polygenic traits requires investigating how complex networks of interacting molecules mediate the effect of genetic variation on organismal phenotypes. We used a combination of P-element mutagenesis and analysis of natural variation in gene expression to predict transcriptional networks that underlie alcohol sensitivity in Drosophila melanogaster. We identified 139 unique P-element mutations (124 in genes) that affect sensitivity or resistance to alcohol exposure. Further analyses of nine of the lines showed that the P-elements affected expression levels of the tagged genes, and P-element excision resulted in phenotypic reversion. The majority of the mutations were in computationally predicted genes or genes with unexpected effects on alcohol phenotypes. Therefore we sought to understand the biological relationships among 21 of these genes by leveraging genetic correlations among genetically variable transcripts in wild-derived inbred lines to predict coregulated transcriptional networks. A total of 32 “hub” genes were common to two or more networks associated with the focal genes. We used RNAi-mediated inhibition of expression of focal genes and of hub genes connected to them in the network to confirm their effects on alcohol-related phenotypes. We then expanded the computational networks using the hub genes as foci and again validated network predictions. Iteration of this approach allows a stepwise expansion of the network with simultaneous functional validation. Although coregulated transcriptional networks do not provide information about causal relationships among their constituent transcripts, they provide a framework for subsequent functional studies on the genetic basis of alcohol sensitivity.
The Relationship of Serum Cobalamin to Methylmalonic Acid Concentrations and Clinical Variables in Cats

Background Serum cobalamin concentration [CBL] suggests CBL deficiency in cats but serum methylmalonic acid concentration [MMA] more accurately indicates CBL deficiency. Objective To examine the ability of [CBL] to predict CBL deficiency defined by increased [MMA], and relationships of [CBL] and [MMA] with select clinical and clinicopathological variables. Animals One hundred sixty-three client-owned cats with [CBL] measurements, 114 cats with simultaneous [MMA] measurements; 88 cats with medical information. Methods Prospectively collected [CBL] and [MMA] were compared using scatter plots, receiver operating characteristic and correlative analyses with historical [CBL] thresholds and those identified in the study. [CBL] and [MMA] were compared retrospectively to specific clinical and clinicopathological variables. Results [CBL] correlated negatively with [MMA] (τ = −0.334, P 900 pg/mL and 290 pg/mL (historical thresholds). [CBL] correlated with mean corpuscular volume (τ = −0.199, P = .013) and [MMA] with hematocrit (τ = −0.28, P = .006). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Cobalamin deficiency ([MMA] ≥ 1,343 nmol/L) occurred in 42% of cats and is predicted with high specificity by [CBL] ≤ 209 pg/mL. CBL status correlates with microcytosis and anemia. Discordance between [CBL] and [MMA] cautions against relying on any single marker for determining CBL status.
Dual Symbolic Classification, the Primary Emotions,and Mandala Symbolism

The Durkheim-Mauss claim that emotions play a causal in the emergence of dual symbolic classification schemes of dual social organizations is evaluated by reanalysis of their three case studies of dual symbolic classification, divinatory compass" of trigrams incorporated in ancient China's I Ching. Because their analysis lacked a classification the emotions, their claim has not been investigated. In paper we emend to the Durkheim-Mauss theory Plutchik's psychoevolutionary classification of the primary emotions. It is found that the primal arrangement of eight trigrams and the eight primary emotions of Plutchik's emotions "wheel" are structurally coincident: both are based four pairs of opposites arranged by similarity in identical manner. These twofold/fourfold symbols are further described as Jungian archetypes of wholeness and totality.
Complexation of Zn(OTeF5)2 by weakly coordinating solvents and single-crystal X-ray structures of [Zn(OTeF5)2 (PhNO2)2]2 and Zn(OTeF5)2 (PhN02)3

Abstract The synthesis of Zn(OTeF5)2 and its interaction with the weakly coordinating solvents toluene, mesitylene, nitromethane, nitrobenzene, acetonitrile, acetone, diethyl ether, and tetrahydrofuran are described. This new binary metal teflate compound and its solvates were studied by IR and 19F NMR spectroscopy, conductimetry, and tensimetric titrations with solvent vapors. Two new complexes of Zn(OTeF5)2 with nitrobenzene ligands, [Zn(OTeF5)2(PhNO2)2]2 and Zn(OTeF5)2(PhNO2)3, were structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. For [Zn(OTeF5)2(PhNO2)2]2: P 1 , a = 9.846(2), b = 10.566(3), c = 12.288(3)A, a = 100.71(2), β= 108.30(2), λ = 112.19(2)°, V= 1054.3(4)A3, Z= 1, T = −130°C. For Zn(OTeF5)2(PhNO2)3: P21/n, a= 12.5 80(2), b= 9.979(3), c = 22.577(7)A, β = 105.67(2)°, V = 2728(1)A3, Z = 4, T=-125°C.
Incidence, Correlates, and Consequences of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hospitalized With Acute Right-Side Heart Failure

Abstract Background Though much is known about the prognostic influence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in left-side heart failure, much less is known about AKI in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods and Results We identified consecutive patients with PAH who were hospitalized at Stanford Hospital for acute right-side heart failure. AKI was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Acute Kidney Injury Network. From June 1999 to June 2009, 105 patients with PAH were hospitalized for acute right-side heart failure (184 hospitalizations). AKI occurred in 43 hospitalizations (23%) in 34 patients (32%). The odds of developing AKI were higher among patients with chronic kidney disease (odds ratio [OR] 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8–8.5), high central venous pressure (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.4, per 5 mm Hg), and tachycardia on admission (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.1–8.8). AKI was strongly associated with 30-day mortality after acute right-side heart failure hospitalization (OR 5.3, 95% CI 2.2–13.2). Conclusions AKI is relatively common in patients with PAH and associated with a short-term risk of death.
Dietary zinc deprivation affects parturition and outcome of pregnancy in the ewe

Abstract Low Zn intake by the pregnant rat and pig results in prolonged gestation and difficult delivery whereas in the guinea pig and ewe premature delivery occurs without unusual stress. Less stressful delivery may be related to the ability to maintain pregnancy without the ovary, a characteristic of the human; or it may be due to the small size of premature fetuses. To determine whether difficult parturition would result if a full-size fetus were delivered at term, 14 ewes were given a low Zn diet for the last half of pregnancy. Each restricted-intake ewe (+ZnRI) received Zn-supplemented drinking water and diet proportional to that eaten by a weight-matched unsupplemented ad libitum-fed ewe (ZnD). One ZnD ewe delivered day 143; the remaining ewes delivered at term (approximately 150 days). Two of 5 ZnD single lambs survived compared to 3 of 3 +ZnRI. One of 4 ZnD twin lambs survived compared to 3 of 8 +ZnRI. Problems of ZnD included prolonged labor, pregnancy toxemia, meconium in airways, and retained placentas. Activities of plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme and α -D-mannosidase with added Zn in vitro were significantly greater in ZnD and may be useful as indicators of Zn status.
Department of defense chiropractic internships: a survey of internship participants and nonparticipants.

OBJECTIVE Department of Defense (DoD) chiropractic internships first began in July of 2001. At the time of this study, 30 New York Chiropractic College student interns had completed part of their clinical education within chiropractic clinics at either the National Naval Medical Center or Naval Hospital Camp Lejeune. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the careers of DoD chiropractic internship participants with comparable nonparticipants in terms of demographics, professional activities, income, and satisfaction. METHODS Survey research was employed to gather data from DoD chiropractic internship participants and comparable nonparticipants. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine significant differences with a nominal significance level set as.05. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in demographics, professional activities, income, or career satisfaction between the 21 DoD chiropractic internship participants (70% response rate) and 35 internship nonparticipants (35% response rate). CONCLUSIONS This study utilized practice parameters as a form of feedback for a comparative analysis of DoD chiropractic internship participants and nonparticipants and found no significant differences between these groups. Limitations of the study may have influenced the results. Opportunities for chiropractic students to train within these settings remains limited and should be further explored, as should additional research into this component of chiropractic clinical education.
Uptake of aluminum by lipid vesicles

Aluminium uptake and tight binding were studied in multilayered phospholipid liposomes, as a model for cellular uptake of aluminum ions. Most of these studies were conducted with an initial aluminum concentration of 10 μM, while aluminum superficially bound to liposomes was removed by citrate chelation. Maximum uptake and tight binding of aluminium were pH‐dependent. In dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes, this maximum occurred in the neutral pH region, while it was shifted towards more acidic pH values in DMPC liposomes containing 20% of acidic phosphatidylserine. The initial rate of aluminum uptake was apparently dependent on the physical state of the liposome membrane. Prior formation of an aluminum‐citrate chelate prevented aluminum uptake and tight binding to DMPC liposomes.
Evaluation of Three Methods for Detecting Chlorpyrifos Resistance in German Cockroach (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) Populations

Three methods for measuring German cockroach, Blattella germanica L., susceptibility to formulated chlorpyrifos (Dursban LO) were compared. Adult progeny from a cross between two field-derived colonies were compared with a susceptible laboratory strain through exposure to chlorpyrifos and xylene applied topically, and in glass jars at single and multiple doses. Resistance ratios (LX50 field ÷ LX50 susceptible) were 14.3, 7.8, and 2.0 for the topical application, multiple, and single concentration exposures, respectively. The single dose method failed to detect any differences in susceptibility (resistance ratio < 3.0). Topical application should be considered when surveying for resistance to organophosphate insecticides or when lethal time values obtained from jar test do not agree with empirical observations.
Topology bandpass filter with spiral capacitors

A new topology bandpass filter in coplanar strip (CPS) line is reported. It incorporates a new spiral capacitor to reduce the filter size. Single layer inductors are implemented using narrow electrode bent to save space. To emulate high capacitance value on a specific planar electrode topology, the conventional interdigitated structure was first analyzed. It was found that its effective capacitance is significantly larger at frequencies near self-resonance. To use this phenomenon, the filter center frequency needs to be close to the self-resonant frequency of the capacitor. We thus introduced a new spiral capacitor topology where narrow electrodes are coupled with spiral turns to increase the filter inductances so that the self-resonance frequency can be made closer to filter center frequency. Simulation results show that filter size can be significantly reduced using the spiral capacitor instead of the conventional interdigitated capacitor. For demonstration, an UNII 5.15–5.85GHz bandpass filter was designed and fabricated on an alumina substrate. It takes up only 1.7mm × 1.7mm. The measured responses agree well with the simulation results.
Regulation of Mouse Brain Tryptophan Hydroxylase Activity

By using drugs which alter the levels ofserotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and norepinephrine (NE), we have shown that they effecttryptophan hydroxylase activity in the CNS. Relativ
Expression of miR-15/107 family microRNAs in human tissues and cultured rat brain cells.

The miR-15/107 family comprises a group of 10 paralogous microRNAs (miRNAs), sharing a 5′ AGCAGC sequence. These miRNAs have overlapping targets. In order to characterize the expression of miR-15/107 family miRNAs, we employed customized TaqMan Low-Density micro-fluid PCR-array to investigate the expression of miR-15/107 family members, and other selected miRNAs, in 11 human tissues obtained at autopsy including the cerebral cortex, frontal cortex, primary visual cortex, thalamus, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, stomach and skeletal muscle. miR-103, miR-195 and miR-497 were expressed at similar levels across various tissues, whereas miR-107 is enriched in brain samples. We also examined the expression patterns of evolutionarily conserved miR-15/107 miRNAs in three distinct primary rat brain cell preparations (enriched for cortical neurons, astrocytes and microglia, respectively). In primary cultures of rat brain cells, several members of the miR-15/107 family are enriched in neurons compared to other cell types in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to mature miRNAs, we also examined the expression of precursors (pri-miRNAs). Our data suggested a generally poor correlation between the expression of mature miRNAs and their precursors. In summary, we provide a detailed study of the tissue and cell type-specific expression profile of this highly expressed and phylogenetically conserved family of miRNA genes.
Generating Permissive Site-Specific Unnatural Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases

Genetically incorporated unnatural amino acid (UAA) technologies are powerful tools that are greatly enhancing our ability to study and engineer biological systems. Using these techniques, researchers can precisely control the position and number of novel chemical moieties in a protein, via introducing the novel R group of UAAs, that are genetically encoded in the protein’s primary structure. The substrate recognition properties of a natural aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) must be modified in order to incorporate UAAs into proteins. Protocols to do so are technically simple but require time and optimization, which has significantly limited the accessibility of this important technology. At present, engineered unnatural aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (UaaRS) are evaluated on their translational efficiency (the extent to which they allow for incorporation of UAAs into protein) and fidelity (the extent to which they prevent incorporation of natural amino acids). We propose that a third parameter of substrate re...
Assessment of an Extracorporeal Liver Assist Device in Anhepatic Dogs

We have used an anhepatic dog model to demonstrate the efficacy of a bioartificial liver assist device. Six dogs underwent total hepatectomy. Three received only medical care (controls) while the remainder were connected to an extracorporeal liver assist device (ELAD). The control dogs failed to regain consciousness after anesthesia although all lived 4-5 h postoperatively. Plasma ammonia concentration increased by an average of 250 mumol/L between the end of surgery and the demise of the animals. The treated dogs lived 3-12.5 h, and 2 of them required repeated doses of thiamylal sodium to maintain sedation. Plasma ammonia concentration was unchanged after connection to the ELAD except in the longest survivor, whose ammonia began to rise after 8 h on the ELAD. The short survival in the other 2 treated dogs was the result of uncontrolled intraabdominal bleeding. This device is capable of replacing the metabolic function of the liver, and might provide hepatic support in patients awaiting transplantation or in fulminant hepatic failure.
Is allergen skin test reactivity a predictor of mortality? Findings from a national cohort

Background The importance of atopy on subsequent mortality is controversial. A clearer understanding is important as atopy is increasing worldwide. Objective To determine the influence of allergen skin test reactivity on observed mortality of a national cohort. Methods Baseline health status and atopic status (allergen skin testing) was measured as part of the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II), a representative sample of the US population, during the years 1976–80. Vital status and cause of death were assessed through December 31, 1992 for all examinees 30 years of age or older at baseline (n = 9252) as part of the NHANES II Mortality Study (NH2MS). The analytic sample contained 8179 men and women after excluding missing data. Allergen skin test reactivity was defined as weal ≥ 3 mm to one of eight 1 : 20 (w/v), 50% glycerinated (‘No US Standard of Potency’) allergens licensed by the FDA: house dust, cat, dog, Alternaria, mixed giant/short ragweed, oak, perennial rye grass, and Bermuda grass. Survival analyses were conducted using multivariate adjusted Cox regression models to evaluate the association between atopy and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Results There was no association between allergen skin test reactivity and all cause mortality: 30–44 years RR = 1.07 (95% CI 0.63–1.84); 45–59 years RR = 1.10 (0.78–1.55); 60–75 years RR = 1.07 (0.91–1.25). Results were unchanged when cancer or heart disease mortality were examined separately. The presence or absence of allergic symptoms, using the flare to define skin test reactivity, eliminating deaths in the first 5 years of follow-up, or eliminating individuals with pre-existing conditions did not alter the findings. Conclusions Atopy, defined by allergen skin test reactivity, with or without symptoms, is not a predictor of subsequent mortality.
Assessment of Stochastic Signal Optimization Method Using Microsimulation

A stochastic signal optimization method based on a genetic algorithm (GA-SOM) that interfaces with the microscopic simulation program CORSIM is assessed. A network in Chicago consisting of nine signalized intersections is used as an evaluation test bed. Taking CORSIM as the best representation of reality, the performance of the GA-SOM plan sets a ceiling on how good any (fixed) signal plan can be. An important aspect of this approach is its accommodations of variability. Also discussed is the robustness of an optimal plan under changes in demand. This benchmark is used to assess the best signal plan generated by TRANSYT-7F (T7F), Version 8.1, from among 12 reasonable strategies. The performance of the best T7F plan falls short of the benchmark on several counts, reflecting the need to account for variability in the highly stochastic system of traffic operations, which is not possible under the deterministic conditions intrinsic to T7F. As a sidelight, the performance of the GA-SOM plan within T7F is also computed and it is found to perform nearly as well as the optimum T7F plan.
Evaluation of students' receptiveness and response to an interprofessional learning activity across health care disciplines: An approach toward team development in healthcare

Abstract Objective This investigation evaluated if exposure to interdisciplinary education improves student readiness for interprofessional learning, fundamental to healthcare team development. Methods A pre-test post-test design was used to evaluate 308 students from dental medicine, dietetics, medicine, nursing, pharmacy and physical therapy. The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) was used to evaluate student responsiveness to interprofessional education. Results Nursing RIPLS mean post-test score was higher compared to the pre-test score (p = 0.020). Pharmacy students had higher RIPLS mean pre-test score compared to medical (p = 0.010) and nursing students (p = 0.018). RIPLS mean pre-test score was higher for dietetics than medical students (p = 0.022). Conclusions/Implications: Interdisciplinary learning enhances readiness for interprofessional learning with nursing students. Pharmacy and dietetics students demonstrated a higher level of readiness for interdisciplinary learning compared to other disciplines. Identification of factors influencing readiness for interprofessional learning are key to developing learning strategies targeted to improve teamwork, quality of care and patient outcomes.