cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics for lipidomics.

Abstract Lipids are recognized as key participants in the regulation and control of cellular function, having important roles in signal transduction processes. The diversity in lipid chemical structure presents a challenge for establishing practical methods to generate and manage high volumes of complex data that translate into a snapshot of cellular lipid changes. The need for high‐quality bioinformatics to manage and integrate experimental data becomes imperative at several levels: (1) definition of lipid classification and ontologies, (2) relational database design, (3) capture and automated pipelining of experimental data, (4) efficient management of metadata, (5) development of lipid‐centric search tools, (6) analysis and visual display of results, and (7) integration of the lipid knowledge base into biochemical pathways and interactive maps. This chapter describes the recent contributions of the bioinformatics core of the LIPID MAPS consortium toward achieving these objectives.
Citycluster: From the Renaissance to the Megabyte Networking Age: A Virtual Reality & High Speed Networking Project

CITYCLUSTER is a virtual-reality networking matrix, a high-tech container with original technological features, navigation and interactivity, graphic and content style. In which multiple environments, ambiences, cities both real and imagined, can be hosted, coexist and be interrelated within themselves through a common, virtual territory, interconnected by high-speed network, enabling remote participants to interact and collaborate in shared environments. The framework, may be expanded and modify in accordance of the environments to be incorporated. A Virtual networking interface display was designed ad hoc, as interactivity tool for the user. Visitors, navigating and interacting with avatars becomes protagonist, free citizen. Buildings can be exchanged between the two cities to thus create an ideal environment (urban setting). From the Renaissance to the Megabyte Networking Age, is the first CITYCLUSTER-VR application. The implementation of CC has given rise to a range of technological challenges. New features and enhancements were added to the YGdrasil software.
Securely executing multilevel transactions

In this paper, we show how arbitrary multilevel transactions—transactions that have the ability to read and write data at multiple levels—can be executed using the inherently secure low-first algorithm. To this end, we combine a trusted caching facility with a multiversion timestamp ordering algorithm in a manner that is both secure and yields one-copy serializable histories.
Filter Logics on $\omega$

Logics L F ( M ) are considered, in which M (“most”) is a new first-order quantifier whose interpretation depends on a given filter F of subsets of ω. It is proved that countable compactness and axiomatizability are each equivalent to the assertion that F is not of the form {(⋂ F ) ∪ X : ∣ω − X ∣ F ∣ = ω. Moreover the set of validities of L F ( M ) and even of depends only on a few basic properties of F . Similar characterizations are given of the class of filters F for which L F ( M ) has the interpolation or Robinson properties. An omitting types theorem is also proved. These results sharpen the corresponding known theorems on weak models ( , where the collection q is allowed to vary. In addition they provide extensions of first-order logic which possess some nice properties, thus escaping from contradicting Lindstrom's Theorem [1969] only because satisfaction is not isomorphism-invariant (as it is tied to the filter F ). However, Lindstrom's argument is applied to characterize the invariant sentences as just those of first-order logic.
Duopoly: Value Where Sellers Are Few

The problem stated and limited, 63. — The result when sellers consider only their direct influence upon price and adjust amounts (Cournot), 66. — The same when prices are adjusted (Bertrand, Marshall, Pareto, Edgeworth, Pigou), 69. — The result when sellers consider their total influence upon price, 83. — The factor of uncertainty as to what the other seller will do, 87. — The effects of '#|201C;friction," 89. — Summary, 91. Mathematical Appendix, 93. — Cournot, 93. — Pareto, 95. — Amoroso, 97. — Evans, 97> — Bowley, 98.
Analysis of Censored Data: Concepts and Classical Methods

Before presenting the methods of survival trees, we should be aware of the methodology in place that is commonly used to analyze censored survival data. It is strategically wise to understand the data and answer scientific questions by different methods and from different perspectives.
Nonlinear 1D photonic polymer optical limiter materials

Nonlinear polymers possessing a 1D modulation in the complex nonlinear refractive index with a period near 100 nm were fabricated. The index modulation can enhance the optical limiting thresholds compared to spatially uniform polymer.
The treatment of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis with therapeutic plasma exchange.

Background: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), also known as nephrogenic sclerosing dermopathy (NSD), is a rare progressive fibrosing disease associated with gadolinium based dyes in patients with renal disease. The exact pathophysiology is not well understood. Accepted treatments include corticosteroids, immune modulators, PUVA, rituximab and extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP). Apheresis is utilized when symptoms continue to progress. However, the paucity of centers offering ECP can be inhibitory to care. Small case reports have been published illustrating moderate treatment success with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Methods: Chart review found two patients; both were African-American women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), status post renal transplant, who had biopsy documented NSF. The patients were still symptomatic, despite maximal medical management, so they underwent TPE series for symptom management. Medical therapy with immune modulators was continued in conjunction to TPE. Response to treatment was evaluated using subjective reporting to the primary care team. Results: The patients reported significant improvements in subjective pain levels after TPE. Patient 1 reported decreased skin and contracture pain after the 3rd treatment, with similar results for a second series 6 months later. Patient 2 reported drastic improvement in pain symptoms and rarely required pain medication during hospital course. No adverse reactions occurred during treatment. Conclusions: TPE is a therapy option for patients with NSF without access to ECP. TPE was well-tolerated, easily assessable, and effective; however the etiology of the improvement following TPE is unknown. Larger studies will help further determine the efficacy of TPE for NSF. J. Clin. Apheresis 28:317–320, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dietary Lycopene, Tomato-Based Food Products and Cardiovascular Disease in Women

In addition to the inverse association of dietary lycopene with various cancers, studies suggest a role for lycopene in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. We determined whether the intake of lycopene or tomato-based foods is associated with the risk of CVD in a prospective cohort of 39,876 middle-aged and older women initially free of CVD and cancer. Participants completed a food-frequency questionnaire and provided self-reports of coronary risk factors. Dietary lycopene levels were divided into quintiles, and primary lycopene food sources (total tomato-based products, including tomatoes, tomato juice, tomato sauce and pizza) were categorized. During 7.2 y of follow-up, 719 CVD cases (including myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization and CVD death) occurred. Compared with women in the 1st quintile of lycopene, those in increasing quintiles had multivariate relative risks (RR) of CVD of 1.11, 1.14, 1.15 and 0.90 (P for trend = 0.34). For the consumption of tomato-based products, women consuming 1.5 to <4, 4 to <7, 7 to <10 and ≥ 10 servings/wk had RR (95% Cl) of CVD of 1.02 (0.82-1.26), 1.04 (0.82-1.31), 0.68 (0.49-0.96) and 0.71 (0.42-1.17) (P for trend = 0.029) compared with women consuming <1.5 servings/wk. Among lycopene food sources, those in the highest levels of tomato sauce (≥2 servings/wk) and pizza intake (≥2 servings/wk), with multivariate RR of 0.76 (0.55-1.05) and 0.66 (0.37-1.18), respectively, had potential reductions in CVD risk. Dietary lycopene was not strongly associated with the risk of CVD. However, the possible inverse associations noted for higher levels of tomato-based products, particularly tomato sauce and pizza, with CVD suggest that dietary lycopene or other phytochemicals consumed as oil-based tomato products confer cardiovascular benefits.
Energy regulation by the skeleton

Bones of the skeleton are constantly remodeled through bone resorption by cells called osteoclasts and bone formation by cells called osteoblasts. Both cell types are under multi-hormone control. New research findings demonstrate that bone formation by osteoblasts is negatively regulated by the hormone leptin, which is secreted by adipocytes and acts through the leptin receptor in the central nervous system and ultimately through the sympathetic nervous system. Leptin deficiency leads to increased osteoblast activity and increased bone mass. Reciprocally, expression of the Esp gene, exclusive to osteoblasts, regulates glucose homeostasis and adiposity through controlling the osteoblastic secretion of the hormone-like substance osteocalcin. An undercarboxylated form of osteocalcin acts as a regulator of insulin in the pancreas and adiponectin in the adipocyte to modulate energy metabolism. Osteocalcin deficiency in knockout mice leads to decreased insulin and adiponectin secretion, insulin resistance, higher serum glucose levels and increased adiposity.
The Contribution of Memory and Anxiety to the Math Performance of College Students with Learning Disabilities

The impact of memory and anxiety on math performance was analyzed in a sample of 115 college undergraduates, all of whom had a diagnosed learning disability. The direct effects of memory and anxiety on math performance were first examined, followed by an examination of whether anxiety moderates the relationship between memory and math. Both memory and anxiety were found to directly affect math performance. Additionally, anxiety served as a moderator of the relationship between memory and math for most, but not all, measures of math achievement. The moderating effect of anxiety was stronger for long-term retrieval than for short-term memory. The relationships between memory, anxiety, and math were not significantly different for males and females. These findings suggest that, when working with individuals who have low anxiety but poor memory, enhancing memory strategies may be effective for remediating problems in math. However, for those with high levels of anxiety, it may be more efficacious to first ameliorate the anxiety, as working on memory may have a negligible effect on math performance for these individuals.
Temperament and language skills as predictors of teacher-child relationship quality in preschool

Current educational policy emphasizes "school readiness" of young children with a premium placed on preschool interventions that facilitate academic and social readiness for children who have had limited learning experiences prior to kindergarten (Rouse, Brooks-Gunn, & McLanahan, 2005). The teacher–child relationship is viewed as a critical mechanism for the effectiveness of interventions (Girolametto, Weitzman, & Greenberg, 2003; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Research Network, 2003). The purpose of this study was to determine how children's temperament and language skills predict teacher–child relationship quality. The sample consisted of 99 at-risk preschool students. Three findings emerged: (a) bolder children with lower language complexity were more likely to have higher levels of conflict in their relationships with teachers, (b) shyer children with greater language complexity were more likely to have dependent relationships with their teachers, and (c) tea...
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PULSE PROPAGATION IN ELASTIC CYLINDERS

The distortion of longitudinal pulses in elastic cylinders resulting from the effects of lateral inertia is discussed in terms of the Pochhammer treatment The experimentally observed displacement-time curve produced at one end of a steel cylinder when a small explosive charge is detonated at the opposite end is compared with that obtained theoretically using Fourier synthesis. It is found that only the fundamental mode of propagation need be considered in predicting the pulse shape under such conditions.
Survival of murine carrier erythrocytes injected via peritoneum.

Abstract 1. 1. Carrier-red blood cells (C-RBC) can be administered by intraperitoneal injection (IP) in mice, and C-RBC survive in circulation as well as cells administered by intravenous injection (IV). 2. 2. There was no difference in the 24 hr post-injection organ distribution of normal RBC and C-RBC, an indication of the normalcy of C-RBC. 3. 3. Approximately 25% of the C-RBC remain in circulation 14 days post-injection indicating a 20-day half-life for C-RBC in mice. 4. 4. This alternate injection method for RBC also allows for extravascular targeting of RBC to peritoneal macrophages.
Gigantopithecus and its relationship to Australopithecus

Gigantopithecus blacki and G. bilaspurensis are compared to P. gorilla and Australopithecus. The total morphological pattern of Gigantopithecus mandibles is more similar to Australopithecus than to P. gorilla. Two major points are raised. (1) G. blacki might be considered an aberrant hominid rather than an aberrant pongid. (2) G. bilaspurensis can be considered an equally likely candidate, along with Ramapithecus, for possible hominid ancestry.
Performance-oriented and risk-based regulation for containment testing

Abstract In August 1992, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) began a major initiative to develop requirements for containment testing that are less prescriptive and more performance oriented and risk based than current requirements. This action was a result of public comments and several studies that concluded that the economic burden of certain present containment testing requirements was not commensurate with their safety benefits. The rule-making included considering relaxing the allowable containment leakage rate, increasing the interval for the containment integrated leak rate test, and establishing intervals for the containment local leak rate tests on the basis of the performance of containment isolation valves and penetrations. A study has been conducted to provide technical information to establish the preformance criterion for containment tests, i.e. the allowable leakage rate, commensurate with its significance to total public risk. For the study, the results used were from a comprehensive study conducted by the NRC (NUREG-1150, `Severe accident risks: an assessment for five U.S. nuclear power plants') to examine the sensitivity of containment leakage to public risk. Risk was found to be insensitive to a containment leakage rate up to levels of about 100% volume per day for certain types of containments. Probabilistic risk assssment methods have also been developed to establish risk-based intervals for containment tests on the basis of experience. Evaluations show that increasing the interval for the integrated containment leakage test from three times to once every 10 years would have an insignificant impact on public risk. Analyses of operational experience data for local leak rate tests show that performance-based testing (valves and penetrations that preform well are tested less frequently) is feasible with a marginal impact on safety. These technical studies have been used to develop efficient (cost-effective) requirements for containment tests.
Polyelectrolyte exchange and diffusion in microgel multilayer thin films

The exchange of the polycation, poly-l-lysine (PLL), within polymeric multi-layer films constructed with anionic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)–co-acrylic acid (pNIPAm-co-AAc) microgels was explored. Via incorporation of a fluorescent tag on PLL, the incorporation and distribution of PLL was visualized by fluorescence microscopy and optical extinction techniques. Using UV-vis spectrophotometry, the absorbance of PLL during multi-layer film formation was monitored. Distinctive “in” and “out” diffusive properties of the polycation with limited exchange was observed. Additionally, mechanical deformation was used to probe the influence of self-healing on PLL redistribution across an entire multi-layer film depth; CLSM was utilized to compare the fluorescence profile of these films before and after healing, and a lack of polycation exchange throughout the entire microgel-polyelectrolyte film depth was revealed. Importantly, these results stand in contrast to those observed previously in purely linear polyelectrolyte films, which suggests polycation-microgel interactions that are somewhat unique as compared to the interactions observed for purely linear polyelectrolyte complexation.
A tale of two doctrines: The Luftwaffe's ’conduct of the air war’ and the USAF's manual 1–1

(1983). A tale of two doctrines: The Luftwaffe's ’conduct of the air war’ and the USAF's manual 1–1. Journal of Strategic Studies: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 84-93.
Pennsylvania Academic Libraries and Student Retention and Graduation: A Preliminary Investigation with Confusing Results

This study examined the relationships between specific institutional financial variables and two library-related variables on graduation and retention rates for colleges and universities through correlations and multiple regression analysis. The analyses used data for Pennsylvania colleges and universities that were extracted from the Integrated Postsecondary Educational Data System (IPEDS) and the Academic Libraries Survey (ALS). All analyses were run using IBM SPSS software. The correlations showed that both library expenses per student and library use per student were significantly correlated with both graduation and retention rates. In contrast, the multiple regression results showed that neither library budgets nor library use had significant effects on either graduation rates or retention rates. As would be expected, instructional expenses per student had the highest correlation with both graduation and retention and also yielded the strongest coefficient in the resulting regression equations.
Separation of three biologically distinct activities from the parasporal crystal of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis

Three fractions showing biologically distinct activities were isolated from theBacillus thruingiensis var.israelensis crystal δ-endotoxin. Using a shallow sodium chloride gradient on a DEAE anion-exchange column, three pooled fractions were obtained consisting of the 25Kd peptide; 25,26Kd peptides; and 31,34,35Kd peptides, respectively. The 25Kd peptide was hemolytic against human erythrocytes but not mosquitocidal. The 25,26Kd peptide mixture was hemolytic, not mosquitocidal, but toxic to larvae ofTrichoplusia ni when injected into the hemocoel of these animals. The 31,34,35Kd peptide mixture was toxic to mosquito larvae, but neither hemolytic nor toxic to larvae ofT. ni upon injection. In addition, teratogenic effects were observed when wandering larvae ofT. ni were injected with each of these three fractions. All of the biological activities described were destroyed when peptides were treated for 15 s at 95°C or greater. The hemolytic activity was elevated by heating the peptide(s) at 70°C for 15 s. On the other hand, this elevation was not observed with the two insecticidal activities.
Low Socioeconomic Position is Associated with Periodontitis in Chilean Adolescents

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Social Gradients in Periodontal Diseases among Adolescents Lopez R, Fernandez O, et al. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2006;34(3):184-96 Level of Evidence 3b Purpose/Question To investigate the effects of socioeconomic position on the periodontal conditions of a random sample of adolescents. In addition, the study explores to what extent the classification system used to define periodontitis may affect the socioeconomic gradients. Source of Funding Government (Danish Medical Research Council) Type of Study/Design Cross-Sectional Study
Balancing mission and money in academic medicine.

All physicians face innumerable financial and ethical decisions throughout their careers. Leaders of physician groups including chairmen of academic departments face these same kinds of decisions, and they bear the added burden of being responsible for the welfare of their colleagues, who are affected by their choices and the biases and values that underlie them. Drs. Gunderman and Cohen have challenged academic thought leaders to examine these issues in their perspective entitled, “The Lure of Profit in Academic Medicine” (1). They admonish academicians to be mindful of the numerous pitfalls awaiting departments that turn their attention more to money than to pursuing their academic missions at a high level. Their observations are well intentioned, well reasoned, and worth remembering whenever an academic department is considering a new venture or a new modus operandi. In thinking about the issues, it is useful to place the kinds of money-generating activities that Drs. Gunderman and Cohen caution us about into two categories. First, there are activities that clearly fall within the core competency and core knowledge of people within departments of radiology. As noted by them, these activities include participation in industry-sponsored work where imaging time is “sold” to industrial sponsors, technology transfer of intellectual property developed within academic departments, teaching activities, and extramural grant–supported research. The second category includes ventures falling outside of the core knowledge and expertise of people in
Data Compression Of Multispectral Images

Data fusion of multispectral image data requires tech-niques that are often time-consuming while giving unclear results. Development of algorithms that integrate information in a useful way is important to improving autonomous and semi-autonomous image understanding systems. This paper presents a comparison of two data fusion methods, each of which compresses the data. One method, the Hotelling transform (Karhunen-Loeve transform), is investigated and its results compared with a less computationally intensive method using new techniques. Each algorithm is translated into the Air Force's Image Algebra, as it provides a common mathematical environment for image algorithm development, optimization, comparison, coding and performance evaluation. The translucent nature of the algebra facilitates the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
HACCP PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND ASSESSMENT: A REVIEW

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a food safety preventive program designed to assure consumers of a safe food supply. Preventive measures adopted for this concept are intended to reduce the need for microbial testing after processing. HACCP plans are designed with the incorporation of good manufacturing practices as a guide to develop sanitation standard operating procedures. Seven principles are followed. The use of preshipment review ensures that the plan has been executed. HACCP plan assessment is needed to determine if a safe product is manufactured consistently. It includes review of the HACCP manual and on-site verification that the HACCP plan is implemented properly. HACCP plan assessment helps to determine if the manufacturer has implemented a sound HACCP system, with appropriate knowledge and support programs to maintain the HACCP plan.
Pinching theorem for the first eigenvalue on positively curved manifolds

Let M be an n-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold with Ricci Curvature bounded below by n 1 . A theorem of Lichnerowicz [-4] stated that the first non-zero eigenvalue 21 of the Laplacian acting on functions of M satisfies 21 > n. Obata later proved that equality holds iff M is isometric to the s tandard unit sphere S". One natural question arises is: Does there exists a constant C(n) > 0 depending only on n, such that if in addit ion to the curvature assumption we also have 2 l <n + C(n),
Ecology of helminth parasitism in bobwhites from northern Florida.

Examination of 700 northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus), 50 each February from 1971 through 1984, from Tall Timbers Research Station, Leon County, Florida, disclosed 15 species of helminth parasites. Nine species (Raillietina cesticillus, R. colinia, Aproctella stoddardi, Cheilospirura spinosa, Cyrnea colini, Dispharynx nasuta, Heterakis isolonche, Tetrameres pattersoni, and Trichostrongylus tenuis) generally were found on an annual basis and were considered characteristic components of the helminth fauna. Infrequently found species were Brachylecithum nanum, Rhabdometra odiosa, Capillaria sp., Gongylonema ingluvicola, H. gallinarum, and Oxyspirura matogrosensis. Intensities of C. colini and H. isolonche differed among host sex and age classes, and prevalences and/or intensities of A. stoddardi, C. spinosa, T. pattersoni, and T. tenuis differed between host age classes. Prevalences and/or abundances of seven species (R. cesticillus, R. colinia, C. spinosa, C. colini, H. isolonche, T. pattersoni, and T...
Magnetic anomalies around the North Anatolian Fault

The nature of the observed magnetic anomalies surrounding the San Andreas fault (SAF) is of interest to researchers studying fault kinematics and earthquake dynamics. In this work we will present and interpret data collected around the North Anatolian fault (NAF) by Honkura et al. (1985) which exhibit anomalies similar to those observed along the SAF. Magnetic and surface geologic data from five profiles straddling the North Anatolian Fault were used in conjunction with a two dimensional magnetic inversion in an attempt to identify the source of the magnetic anomalies. As a result of this study, we conclude that all long wavelength anomalies (λ ≥ 500m) could be attributed to the changes in the relative magnetic susceptibility across geologic units. Thus, they are due to lateral variations in the near surface geology and are not due to the concentration of a particular material in the fault zone. However, there was one exception, a short wavelength anomaly (λ ≃ 150m) was observed on profile IJ. Based on the results of the inversion, it appears that the anomaly may be due to a small sliver of material located in the upper part of the fault zone. If that interpretation is correct, the short wavelength anomaly is clearly of different nature than the other anomalies.
A PDF/Photon Monte Carlo Method for Radiative Heat Transfer in Turbulent Flames

Thermal radiation plays a dominant role in heat transfer for most combustion systems. Accurate predictions of radiative heat transfer are essential for the correct determination of flame temperature, flame structure, and pollutant emissions in combustion simulations. In turbulent flames, transported probability density function (PDF) methods provide a reliable treatment of nonlinear processes such as chemical reactions and radiative emission. Here a second statistical approach, a photon Monte Carlo (PMC) method, is employed to solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE). And a state-of-the-art model for spectral radiative properties, the full-spectrum k-distribution (FSK) method, is employed. The FSK method provides an efficient and accurate approach for spectral integration in radiation calculations. The resulting model is applied to simulate radiation and turbulence/radiation interactions in nonluminous turbulent non-premixed jet flames. The initial results reported here emphasize sensitivities of computed results to variations in the physical and numerical models. Results with versus without radiation, results obtained using two different RTE solvers, and results with a gray-gas approximation versus a spectral FSK method are compared.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Adaptive evolution of mammalian aromatases: lessons from Suiformes.

Estrogen synthesis evolved in chordates to control reproduction. The terminal enzyme in the cascade directly responsible for estrogen synthesis is aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) encoded by the CYP19 gene. Mammals typically have a single CYP19 gene but pigs, peccaries and other Suiformes have two or more resulting from duplication in a common ancestor. Duplication of CYP genes in the steroid synthetic cascade has occurred for only one other enzyme, also terminal, 11β-hydroxylase P450 (P450c11). P450arom and P450c11 share common substrates and even physiological functions as possible remnants from a common P450 progenitor, perhaps an ancestral P450arom, which is supported by phylogenetic analysis. Conserved tissue-specific expression patterns of P450arom paralogs in placenta and gonads of pigs and peccaries suggest how functional adaptation may have proceeded divergently and influenced adopted reproductive strategies including ovulation rate and litter size. Data suggest that the porcine placental paralog evolved catalytically to protect female conceptuses from testosterone produced by male siblings; the gonadal paralog to synthesize a novel, nonaromatizable testosterone metabolite (1OH-testosterone) that may increase ovulation rate. This would represent a coevolution facilitating litter bearing as pigs diverged from peccaries. Evidence of convergence between the peccary CYP19 genes and lower tissue expression may therefore represent initiation of loss of the functional paralogs. Studies on the Suiforme aromatases provide insights into the evolution of the steroidogenic cascade and metabolic pathways in general, how it translates into physiological adaptations (altered reproductive strategies for instance), and how duplicated genes become stabilized or disappear from genomes.
Alcohol-induced changes in blood gases, glucose, and lactate in pregnant and nonpregnant rats

The effects of alcohol and pregnancy on venous blood pH, gases (pO2, pCO2), bicarbonate (HCO-3), and glucose and lactate were examined in pregnant and nonpregnant female rats using anaerobic analytical methods of blood collection. Baseline measurements were obtained prior to treatment and then at 30 min, 1, 2, and 4 h after gastric intubation with 0, 2, 4, or 6 g/kg of alcohol. Alcohol produced a metabolic acidosis, increases in blood glucose and lactate concentrations, and an increase in blood oxygen concentration. Gestation days 18-19 (0.8 gestation) of pregnancy were associated with a slight alkalosis, a decrease in oxygen concentration, no effect on glucose concentrations, and an increase in lactate concentrations compared with nonpregnancy. The only significant interaction between alcohol and pregnancy occurred for pO2 and O2C, wherein alcohol increased both of these parameters in nonpregnant animals only. These results indicate that the rat's pH response to acute alcohol infusion is unique because alcohol does not produce any significant changes in blood pH in other animal models. This change was similar in both pregnant and nonpregnant animals. Except for changes in blood oxygen content, the pregnant and nonpregnant female rat's response to alcohol were also similar as well.
Can quarkonia survive deconfinement

We study quarkonium correlators and spectral functions at zero and finite temperature in QCD with only heavy quarks using potential models combined with perturbative QCD. First, we show that this approach can describe the quarkonium correlation function at zero temperature. Using a class of screened potentials based on lattice calculations of the static quark-antiquark free energy we calculate spectral functions at finite temperature. We find that all quarkonium states, with the exception of the 1S bottomonium, dissolve in the deconfined phase at temperatures smaller than 1.5T{sub c}, in contradiction with the conclusions of recent studies. Despite this the temperature dependence of the quarkonium correlation functions calculated on the lattice is well reproduced in our model. We also find that even in the absence of resonances the spectral function at high temperatures is significantly enhanced over the spectral function corresponding to free quark-antiquark propagation.
GRAIN SIZE OF WHITEWARE CLAYS AS DETERMINED BY THE ANDREASEN PIPETTE

The Andreasen pipette method of determining grain sizes by sedimentation is a refinement of the ordinary pipette method. The apparatus was selected for the determination of grain size in a general study of clay casting slips after consideration of other methods. It permits precise results but requires more time and precision than some other methods. Graphs are presented for comparison of typical American kaolins and ball clays and English china clays and ball clays.
Comments on the paper “On the derivation of the constitutive equation of the simple fluid from that of a simple material” by R.R. Huilgol

Huilgol’s paper [1] is discussed critically. It is shown that there are significant errors in each section of the paper. His argument depends critically on a refusal to recognize that when a statement is made that a functional of a tensor function is invariant under a group of transformations, these transformations must be constants and that otherwise the statement is meaningless. Furthermore, he consistently ignores the contradictions to which this refusal leads.
Adaptive observations for hurricane prediction

This study proposes a method that can be used to provide guidelines to aircraft reconnaissance for hurricane observations. The method combines numerical weather prediction (NWP) model with a statistical approach to target adaptive observations over areas where the hurricane predictions are very sensitive to the initial analysis for the NWP-model. A single model experiment is performed using regular initial analysis, while 50 other ensemble runs are performed from randomly perturbed initial states. Under the perfect model assumption, the single model experiment serves as a true state. The method first computes the forecast error variances at a certain verification time, e.g. hour 48, and then locates the maximum centers of variances. After the locations of the maximum forecast error variances are known, various correlations of different variables between these maximum variance points and the perturbation fields at the target time, e.g. hour 12, are calculated to identify those locations at the target time, over where the observational errors might be responsible for the growth of forecast error variances at the verification time. Statistically, these correlation fields indicate where the most sensitive areas are at the target time, i.e. where the need for additional observations is suggested. Hurricane Fran of 1996 is used to test the proposed method. The reason for choosing this case is that, during the first 48 hour forecast, the track forecast from NWP-model was very close to the best track. Two additional experiments were designed to examine the method. One experiment updates predicted variables at the target time (12 h) over the areas, to where the proposed method indicates the forecast would be sensitive. The updating combines observations (or truth) with the first guess (predicted) fields. Another experiment also modifies predicted variables at the target time (12 h), but over the areas where the method indicates the forecast errors are less correlated to. The results show that the modification has greatly reduced the forecast error variances at the verification time (48 h) in the first experiment, however it has a very little impact on the variance fields at the forecast hour (48 h) in the second experiment. It is very clear from our experiments, that the proposed method is able to identify sensitive areas, where additional observations can help to reduce hurricane forecast errors from an NWP-model.
Antagonism of Etonitazene's effects in rats and pigeons

The effects of etonitazene were studied in the pigeon under a mult FR FI schedule of food presentation and in the rat under a continuous avoidance-escape schedule. A low dose of etonitazene increased rates of responding by pigeons under the FI component of the multiple schedule, whereas higher doses produced dose-related decreases in rates of responding under both components of the multiple schedule. These effects were blocked by cyclazocine. Under the continuous avoidance-escape schedule, etonitazene produced only dose-related decreases in rates of responding by rats, and these decreases were blocked by naloxone.
Assessing Adults with Mental Disorders in Primary Care

There is a high prevalence of mental and physical comorbidity. Increasingly, persons with mental disorders are seen in nonpsychiatric settings where recognition of comorbidity is more complex. This article notes the interactions between mental and physical disorders and provides an assessment approa
POSTERIOR PITUITARY THERAPY IN DIABETES INSIPIDUS

The writer has had the opportunity to observe closely an individual diagnosed as having idiopathic diabetes insipidus, with the following briefly summarized findings: The patient is a male, aged 22, without subjective complaints other than polydipsia and polyuria. The condition appeared suddenly at 5 years of age, without known injury or antecedent illness. There is no familial record of the disease. Physical examination reveals no abnormality excepting a resting blood pressure of 100/65 mm. Hg. Basal metabolic records are well within normal limits. The sella turcica gives no suggestion of abnormality in x-ray negatives. There is no suggestion of hemianopsia. The eye grounds evidence no abnormality. The blood contains cellular elements in normal proportion. The following chemical findings were obtained on analysis of the blood:
Quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with related controls within a unique African American population

The patient’s perspective of how their health affects their function is health-related quality of life (HRQOL). HRQOL is poorer in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Few HRQOL studies in SLE patients have focused on African Americans despite an increased disease burden compared with Caucasians. The African American Gullah population of South Carolina has a homogeneous genetic and environmental background and a high prevalence of multi-patient families with SLE. Demographics, medical history, and Short-Form 36 (SF-36) were measured within a cohort of Gullah SLE cases and related controls. Compared with related controls (n = 37), cases (n = 89) had a lower Physical Component Summary (PCS, 41.8 vs. 52.3, p < 0.01), but not Mental Component Summary (MCS, 55.0 vs. 56.0, p = 0.70). The difference in PCS was no longer significant upon adjustment for working status, disability, and medical conditions. None of the 11 SLE American College of Rheumatology criteria, disease duration, or Systemic Lupus ...
Excitatory connection from lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation sites to escape sites in medullary reticular formation

Abstract Behavioral tests show that noncontingent stimulation of self-stimulation sites in the lateral hypothalamus increases escape and avoidance from central or peripheral stimuli. The present study investigated the possibility that this phenomenon was mediated by an excitatory connection from the lateral hypothalamus to neurons in aversive regions of the brainstem. Most of the 24 rats participated in two phases of the experiment: unit recording under anesthesia; and behavioral tests with intracranial stimulation in the waking state. Recordings of 120 units were obtained from the n. gigantocellularis reticularis (NGC) since stimulation of this region in the awake rat consistently elicited escape behavior. Unit responses could be divided into two catagories: 61% responded to deep pinch or foot shock (or both) but not to light brushing of the hair; and 39% responded to light brushing of the hair or were not responsive. Stimulation of behaviorally confirmed self-stimulation sites in lateral hypothalamus evoked short-latency (2 and 4 msec) excitation of 88% of the NGC units in the first category and only 15% in the second. Nearly all hypothalamic sites not eliciting self-stimulation also failed to excite NGC units. The excitatory hypothalamic-bulboreticular connection may serve to increase the excitability of a nociceptive system during self-stimulation.
5×5 2D AFM cantilever arrays a first step towards a Terabit storage device

Abstract In this paper we report on the microfabrication of a 5×5 2D cantilever array and its successful application to parallel imaging. The 5×5 array with integrated force sensing and tip heating has been fabricated using a recently developed, all dry, silicon backside etching process. The levers on the array have integrated piezoresistive sensing, and are placed on a constriction in the lever to improve sensitivity. The array is scanned in x and y directions using voice coil actuators. Three additional voice coil z actuators are used in a triangular arrangement to approach the sample with the array chip. The system is thus leveled in the same way as an air table. We report details of the array fabrication, the x – y scanning and approach system as well as images taken with the system. The results are encouraging for the development of large-scale VLSI-Nano EMS, allowing the fabrication and operation of large AFM cantilever arrays to achieve high-data-rate Terabit storage systems.
Amrinone Loading During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Neonates, Infants, and Children

Objectives: To determine whether amrinone is bound to cardiopulmonary bypass circuits. When amrinone is administered to children during cardiopulmonary bypass, determine whether measured amrinone concentrations differ from those predicted based on a reported volume of distribution of 1.6L/kg. Design: In vitro study: Uptake of amrinone by cardiopulmonary bypass circuits was determined. Clinical study: Prospective, open label investigation. Setting: University-affiliated tertiary children's hospital. Participants: Clinical study: 27 children participated, including 5 neonates and 9 infants. Interventions: In vitro study: Waste blood circulated within seven pediatric cardiopulmonary circuits. Amrinone was administered, and blood was serially assayed for amrinone levels. Clinical study: Amrinone (mean dose 4.9 mg/kg) was loaded during cardiopulmonary bypass and amrinone concentrations in pump blood were determined at termination of bypass. Amrinone measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Measurements and Main Results: Cardiopulmonary bypass circuit uptake reduced amrinone concentrations to 79% of predicted. After correcting for circuit uptake, serum amrinone levels in patients were significantly higher than predicted. The levels, expressed in the ratio of measured: predicted amrinone concentration, did not differ among neonates, infants, and children older than 1 year of age. Conclusions: When amrinone is administered to children during cardiopulmonary bypass, about 20% of the dose becomes bound to the circuit. Available drug is distributed within a smaller volume than predicted. This may be the consequence of the physiologic perturbations of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.
Christian Tourism to the Holy Land: Pilgrimage during Security Crisis

Noga Collins-Kreiner, Nurit Kliot, Yoel Mansfeld, and Keren Sagi Hampshire, U.K. and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2006. xiv and 183 pp., figs., tables, photos, supplements, and index. $94.95 cloth (ISB...
Firm objectives, IT alignment, and information security

More and more attention has been devoted to the alignment of information technology (IT) spending and initiatives with organizational strategic objectives. IT spending across organizations and industries has a high opportunity cost and involves a substantial opportunity for deviations from support for the highest priorities of business units. The business justification and rationale for information security has come under similar scrutiny at a time when the nature of many organizations is being transformed by the network economy. More and more business functions and processes are enabled by information assets and capabilities that are vulnerable to new and adapting threats. This paper examines the impact of the strategic alignment of information security spending with organizational goals and with the risk tolerances of decision makers. It provides an explanation for and insight into the observed differences in executive responses to cyber threats and risk assessments. It models the relationship between security resources and risk mitigation, and it identifies the premiums that organizations expect to receive or pay for bearing or avoiding information security risk.
Thermal dependence of tissue metabolism in the green turtle, Chelonia mydas

To better understand how tissue specific metabolic rates might contribute to the maintenance of elevated body temperatures in green turtles (Chelonia mydas), we determined the effect of temperature on oxygen consumption of green fat, small intestine, nonswimming skeletal muscle, pectoralis muscle, liver, heart, and kidney tissues from 5–35°C. We found a direct relationship between tissue metabolic rate (microliters of O2/g wet mass per hour) and temperature in all tissues measured except for green fat. The Q10 values ranged from 0.65 to 3.38. There were significant differences in metabolic rate among tissues as well as in how temperature influenced tissue metabolic rates. Tissue metabolic rates were highest in kidney and heart tissues. Green fat and small intestine had the lowest and most temperature-insensitive values. Muscle tissue had a high oxygen consumption relative to other reptiles, and this elevated metabolism may provide a functional advantage for long distance swimming and heat production.
Learning with malicious membership queries and exceptions (extended abstract)

We consider two issues in polynomial-time exact learning of concepts using membership and equivalence queries: (1) malicious errors in the answers to membership queries and (2) learning finite variants of concepts drawn from a learnable class.