cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Zeroing in on depression as a cardiovascular risk factor. Can lifting mood improve outcomes

Research suggests that depression is a risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and that there is a strong link between depression and poor outcomes following a cardiovascular event. It has also provided evidence that depressed patients are less likely to follow recommendations to reduce cardiovascular risk, such as taking aspirin, antihypertensive drugs, and lipid-lowering medications. However, data are lacking about whether treating underlying depression reduces the incidence of CVD. Important questions also remain as to whether the elevated risk of CVD decreases when depressive symptoms resolve. Elucidation of the biologic mediators for the relationship between depression and CVD will help our understanding of the link and how to appropriately intervene early enough to improve outcomes.
Behavior problems in elementary school among low-income boys: The role of teacher–child relationships

The present study identified trajectories of teacher-child relationship conflict and closeness from first through sixth grades, and associations between these trajectories and externalizing and internalizing behaviors at age 11 among low-income, urban males (N = 262). There were three main findings. Nagin cluster analyses indicated five trajectories for conflict with all children evidencing increases in conflict, and four trajectories for closeness with all children demonstrating decreases in closeness. Trajectories with higher levels of conflict and lower levels of closeness were associated with higher levels of externalizing and internalizing behavior problems at age 11. Moreover, conflictual teacher-child relationships exacerbated the effects of externalizing and internalizing behavior problems in early childhood; children with conflictual teacher-child relationships had higher levels of behavior problems in middle childhood relative to children with low conflictual teacher-child relationships. Implications of targeting teacher-child relationships as interventions to help prevent behavior problems are discussed.
Enhancing Content Understanding Through Animated Listening Map Development

This article explains how to create an animated listening map with Power Point to enhance student content understanding.
Modeling Brain Development Using Human Cells for the Study and Treatment of Zika Virus Infections

Purpose of Review Cellular reprogramming now permits the generation of a renewable source of disease-relevant human cells for modeling biological systems and for high-throughput drug screening. Advances in modeling human brain development to study Zika infections and its association with microcephaly are discussed in this commentary.
Batesimalva y Meximalva, dos géneros nuevos de malváceas mexicanas

Se describen dos generus nuevos de Malvaceas mexicanas principalmente a base de la morfologia del fruto , pero tambien con apoyo de otros caracteres. Batesimalva incluye dos especies : B. violacea (Rose) Fryx. (inicialmente descrita en Gaya) y B. pulchella sp . nov. Sus mericarpios estan divididos por el endogloso en una parte inferior que es reticulada, indehiscente y tiene una sola semilla, y en una parte superior que es lisa, dehiscente y tiene aspecto de alas. El numero cromosomico es de 2n = 32 y los granos de polen son 3 (-4) -aperturados. En Batesimalva las estipulas son vestigiales o ausentes. Maximalva incluye dos especies: M. venusta (Schlecht.) Fryx. y M. filipes (A. Gray) Fryx. (las dos inicialmente descritas en Sida; Sida palmeri es un sinonimo de la primera especie). Sus mericarpios contienen una sola semilla y son parcialmente dehiscentes en el apice, formando dos "cuernos" (huecos) con paredes dobles; los mericarpios carecen de espinas tipicas de Sida. La insercion foliar y la ramificacion son disticas; las corolas son de color violeta o moradas; los granos de polen son 8-12-aperturados.
Supergravity models with 50–100 TeV scalars, supersymmetry discovery at the LHC, and gravitino decay constraints

We investigate the possibility of testing supergravity unified models with scalar masses in the range 50--100 TeV and much lighter gaugino masses at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is carried out under the constraints that models produce the Higgs boson mass consistent with experiment and also produce dark matter consistent with WMAP and PLANCK experiments. A set of benchmarks in the supergravity parameter space are investigated using a combination of signal regions which are optimized for the model set. It is found that some of the models with scalar masses in the 50--100 TeV mass range are discoverable with as little as $100\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity and should be accessible at the LHC RUN II. The remaining benchmark models are found to be discoverable with less than $1000\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity and thus testable in the high luminosity era of the LHC, i.e., at HL-LHC. It is shown that scalar masses in the 50--100 TeV range but gaugino masses much lower in mass produce unification of gauge coupling constants, consistent with experimental data at low scale, with as good an accuracy (and sometimes even better) as models with low [$\mathcal{O}(1)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$] weak scale supersymmetry. Decay of the gravitinos for the supergravity model benchmarks are investigated and it is shown that they decay before the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). Further, we investigate the nonthermal production of neutralinos from gravitino decay and it is found that the nonthermal contribution to the dark matter relic density is negligible relative to that from the thermal production of neutralinos for reheat temperature after inflation up to $1{0}^{9}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. An analysis of the direct detection of dark matter for supergravity grand unified models (SUGRA) with high scalar masses is also discussed. SUGRA models with scalar masses in the range 50--100 TeV have several other attractive features such as they help alleviate the supersymmetric $CP$ problem and help suppress proton decay from baryon and lepton number violating dimension five operators.
Excess Risk Bounds

We will assume that such a minimizer exists (a simple modification of the results is possible if fOn is an approximate solution of (4.1)). Our approach to this problem has been already outlined in Chap. 1 and it is closely related to the recent work of Massart [106], Koltchinskii and Panchenko [92], Bartlett et al. [15], Bousquet et al. [34], Koltchinskii [83], Bartlett and Mendelson [17].
Virtual Vulnerability: Safeguarding Children in Digital Environments

While there has been considerable academic, political and economic attention given to the development of smart futures, little attention has been paid to the impact of smart technologies on childhood. The chapters in this section focus on the impact of emerging technologies in society, and our intention here is to consider some of the challenges which arise in safeguarding children in digital environments. Children, previously ignored in sociological analysis, have increasingly become the centre of social science attention with the growth of childhood studies (see [35]) and framed, arguably often inappropriately, as digital natives [67]. Many of these analyses remain, as Holloway and Valentine argued in [31] either ‘cybertopian’ or ‘cybercritical’, yet adopting such polarised standpoints is unhelpful in understanding the challenges that smart technologies bring. This chapter sets out to consider some of the emerging trends, developments and challenges associated with the design and applications of future technologies and smart environments in safeguarding children online.
"Culture: For Small to Medium Sized Firms, It May Be More Important Than Entrepreneurial Orientation"

Small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) make up a significant part of the employment and GDP of the United States, yet we find such little research on business in this context. What research has b...
The Impact of Instructional Method on the Application of Kinesio Taping® Techniques for Occupational Therapy Students

Article originally published in Journal of Occupational Therapy Education, 1(1). English. Published online January 2017. https://doi.org/10.26681/jote.2017.010302
Cardiac CT in the Emergency Department: Contrasting Evidence from Registries and Randomized Controlled Trials

To compare outcomes between registries and randomized controlled trials of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA)-based versus standard of care approaches to the initial evaluation of patients with acute chest pain. Randomized trials have demonstrated CCTA to be a safe and efficient tool for triage of low- to intermediate-risk patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain. Recent studies demonstrate heterogeneous result using different standard of care approaches for evaluation of hard endpoints in comparison with standard evaluation. Also, there has been continued concern for increase in subsequent testing after coronary CTA. Although CCTA improves detection of coronary artery disease, it is uncertain if it will bring improvement of long-term health outcomes at this point of time. Careful analysis of the previous results and further investigation will be required to validate evaluation of hard endpoints.
Cognitive radio network technologies and applications

Mobile devices are advancing every day, creating a need for higher bandwidth. Because both the bandwidth and spectrums are limited, maximizing the utilization of a spectrum is a target for next-generation technologies. Government agencies lease different spectrums to different mobile operators, resulting in the underutilization of spectrums in some areas. For some operators, limited licensed spectrums are insufficient, and using others’ unused spectrums becomes necessary. The unlicensed usage of others’ spectrums is possible if the licensed users are not using the spectrum, and this gives rise to the idea of cognitive radio networks (CRNs). In CRN architecture, each user must determine the status of a spectrum before using it. In this chapter, we present the complete architecture of CRN, and we additionally discuss other scenarios including the applications of the CRN. After the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) declared the 5 GHz band unlicensed, Wi-Fi, LTE, and other wireless technologies became willing to access the band, leading to a competition for the spectrums. Because of this, ensuring that the spectrum is fairly shared among different technologies is quite challenging. While other works on DSRC and Wi-Fi sharing exist, in this chapter, we discuss LTE and Wi-Fi sharing specifically.
Guidelines for Quality Control Testing of Molecular Breast Imaging Systems

Molecular breast imaging (MBI) is a nuclear medicine test that uses dedicated γ-cameras designed for imaging of the breast. Despite growing adoption of MBI, there is currently a lack of guidance on appropriate quality control procedures for MBI systems. Tests designed for conventional γ-cameras either do not apply or must be modified for dedicated detectors. Our objective was to provide practical guidance for physics testing of MBI systems by adapting existing quality control procedures for conventional systems. Methods: Quality control tests designed for conventional γ-cameras were attempted on a dedicated MBI system and then modified as necessary to accommodate the pixelated detector, limited space between dual-detector heads, and inability to fully rotate the detector gantry. Results: MBI systems were found to warrant quality control testing of uniformity, spatial resolution, count sensitivity, energy resolution, and lesion contrast. The modified procedures and special considerations needed for these tests were investigated and described. Physics tests of intrinsic uniformity, count rate parameters, and overall system performance for SPECT did not apply to dedicated MBI systems. Conclusion: Routine physics testing of dedicated MBI equipment is important for verifying system specifications and monitoring changes in performance. As adoption of MBI grows, routine testing may be required for obtaining and maintaining accreditation from regulatory bodies.
Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Cultures, Molecular Markers, and the Ibis Technology

Lack of a standard definition or uniformly accepted diagnostic criteria offers a challenge to the management of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Even traditional cultures fail to provide a gold standard for PJI diagnosis (Fig. Parvizi 2011). Culture results depend on the sample obtained, with results often varying based on the location and method of specimen collection. Reliability of cultures depends on obtaining representative samples (including multiple tissue samples and synovial fluid) and a skilled microbiologist interpreting growth patterns. Furthermore, experts disagree on whether broth or solid media should be used for diagnostic cultures and on the number of colonies grown in culture that are needed to qualify for a positive culture. In addition, low growth rate and the frequent presence of rare organisms in cultures limit the sensitivity of culture analyses. Culture results are also limited as they merely act to confirm a preoperative diagnosis since tissue samples are obtained during a surgical procedure.
Fishery Management Strategies for Addressing Complex Spatial Structure in Marine Fish Stocks

Complex spatial structure is the rule rather than the exception among marine populations. In addition to defining relatively large population units that are more or less reproductively independent (i.e., stocks), the process of stock identification should also strive to recognize linkages among stocks and finer-scale internal structure within them. Considerable attention has been devoted to documenting spatial patterns and exploring their ecological implications, but less attention has been paid to the full suite of complementary fishery management tools available to account for spatial patterns. We consider different aspects of the quota-setting process through which spatial structure can be addressed, including use of spatially structured stock assessment models, management strategy evaluation, and incorporation of spatial indices into harvest control rules. One common problem is that fishery management remains essentially nonspatial, even if spatial dynamics are considered in models. Conversely, there are also instances in which management is spatially explicit but with little scientific basis, which can be an opportunity for research and adaptive management. Data demands and additional uncertainties impose limitations on the application of spatially structured models and might offset the gains achieved by more detailed model specification. Therefore, we also consider complementary or alternative approaches for spatially explicit management, including distribution of catch among management areas, marine protected areas, and nested scales of governance. We conclude that a more dynamic relationship is needed among empirical researchers, modelers, and fisheries managers to identify and respond to complex spatial structure in both fisheries science and management.
Behavioral and Neurochemical Alterations Induced by Exogenous Gangliosides in Brain Damaged Animals: Problems and Perspectives

Gangliosides are membrane glycosphingolipids and have a higher concentration within the nervous system than in any other tissue (Rapport, 1981). Although the function of gangliosides is not known, it has been proposed that they promote neural growth. Several lines of evidence support this proposal. For example, excessive accumulation of gangliosides during development results in the formation of meganeurites which possess dendritic-like growth cones (Purpura et al., 1978). Also, exogenous gangliosides enhance the survival of cells and neuritogenesis in vitro (e.g., Ferrari et al., 1983; Roisen et al., 1981).
High Aspect Ratio Nanotubes Assembled from Macrocyclic Iminium Salts

One-dimensional nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes and actin filaments rely on strong and directional interactions to stabilize their high aspect ratio shapes. This requirement has precluded making isolated, long, thin organic nanotubes by stacking molecular macrocycles, as their noncovalent stacking interactions are generally too weak. Here we report high aspect ratio (>103), lyotropic nanotubes of stacked, macrocyclic, iminium salts, which are formed by protonation of the corresponding imine-linked macrocycles. Iminium ion formation establishes cohesive interactions that, in organic solvent (tetrahydrofuran), are two orders of magnitude stronger than the neutral macrocycles, as explained by physical arguments and demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations. Nanotube formation stabilizes the iminium ions, which otherwise rapidly hydrolyze, and is reversed and restored upon addition of bases and acids. Acids generated by irradiating a photoacid generator or sonicating chlorinated solvents also induced nanotube assembly, allowing these nanostructures to be coupled to diverse stimuli, and, once assembled, they can be fixed permanently by cross-linking their pendant alkenes. As large macrocyclic chromonic liquid crystals, these iminium salts are easily accessible through a modular design and provide a means to rationally synthesize structures that mimic the morphology and rheology of carbon nanotubes and biological tubules.
Sentinel-1 SAR Images of Inland Waterways Traffic

The present paper contains information on radar observation of Danube river by using satellite-based Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and incoherent pulse radar installed on the Bulgarian bank near city of Ruse. Radar pictures from both sources are presented in the paper. Distance and azimuth resolutions of both radars are examined as well as the quality of pictures with respect to target detection, ranging and identification.
Über die adrenergischen Receptoren der extraoculären Muskeln des Rhesusaffen

In vitro Versuche mit Sympathomimetica deckten das Vorkommen von adrenergischen Receptoren an den extraocularen Muskeln des Rhesusaffen auf. Die starkste Wirkung zeigte l-Isoproterenol, gefolgt von l-Epinephrin; den schwachsten Effekt hatte l-Norepinephrin. Dichloroisoproterenol oder Alderlin blockierten die durch Sympathomimetica ausgeloste Erschlaffung der Muskeln, Phenoxybenzamin oder Tolazolin beeinflussten den Abfall der Spannungskurve nicht. Die adrenergischen Receptoren der extraocularen Muskeln des Rhesusaffen sind deshalb von β-Typ. Eine neue Hypothese zur Erklarung des Enophthalmus bzw. Exophthalmus beim Claude Bernard-Hornerschen Syndrom wird aufgestellt.
DeepHyper: Asynchronous Hyperparameter Search for Deep Neural Networks

Hyperparameters employed by deep learning (DL) methods play a substantial role in the performance and reliability of these methods in practice. Unfortunately, finding performance optimizing hyperparameter settings is a notoriously difficult task. Hyperparameter search methods typically have limited production-strength implementations or do not target scalability within a highly parallel machine, portability across different machines, experimental comparison between different methods, and tighter integration with workflow systems. In this paper, we present DeepHyper, a Python package that provides a common interface for the implementation and study of scalable hyperparameter search methods. It adopts the Balsam workflow system to hide the complexities of running large numbers of hyperparameter configurations in parallel on high-performance computing (HPC) systems. We implement and study asynchronous model-based search methods that consist of sampling a small number of input hyperparameter configurations and progressively fitting surrogate models over the input-output space until exhausting a user-defined budget of evaluations. We evaluate the efficacy of these methods relative to approaches such as random search, genetic algorithms, Bayesian optimization, and hyperband on DL benchmarks on CPU-and GPU-based HPC systems.
Extubation Failure Rates After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Vary Across Hospitals

Objectives:Many hospitals aim to extubate children early after cardiac surgery, yet it remains unclear how this practice associates with extubation failure. We evaluated adjusted extubation failure rates and duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation across hospitals and assessed cardiac ICU o
High resolution, extreme isotopic variability of precipitation nitrate

Abstract Deposition of atmospheric nitrate (NO3−) in precipitation can be an important source of reactive nitrogen (N) to ecosystems, particularly in regions with high nitrogen oxide (NOx = nitric oxide (NO)+nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) emissions. However, high resolution deposition data are lacking for most systems. We conducted hourly precipitation sampling across six growing season storms in a forested area historically subjected to some of the highest levels of chronic N deposition in the United States. To characterize the influence of electricity generating unit (EGU), vehicle, and biogenic NOx emissions on NO3− deposition, we calculated the total NOx emitted from these sources within a 100 km radius of air mass back trajectories determined for Fernow Experimental Forest (West Virginia, USA). We combined these emissions estimates with established 15N isotope values for NOx sources in a three end-member mixing model to predict source-based δ15N values of deposition reaching the study site on an hourly basis. To evaluate the effect of NOx oxidation pathways on measured δ15N-NO3- values, we compared observed hourly isotope values to a coupled δ15N and Δ17O array representing N isotope exchange between atmospheric oxidized N molecules. Within individual events, δ15N, δ18O, and Δ17O values ranged by as much as 19.5‰, 28.9‰, and 13.8‰, respectively. This extreme short-term isotopic variability suggests a dynamic mix of NOx sources, oxidation pathways, and fractionation processes contributing to HNO3 formation. During every storm, precipitation δ15N-NO3- values were lower than those expected to result from predominant HNO3 formation pathways or oxidation of estimated NOx emissions along back trajectories, suggesting a systematic underestimation of NOx contributions to atmospheric HNO3 formation from isotopically depleted soil emissions. Together, these analyses represent the most comprehensive assessment to date relating high temporal resolution δ15N-NO3- observations to NOx emission sources, oxidation chemistry, and isotopic fractionation effects. We present the first observations of extreme intra-storm δ15N, δ18O, and Δ17O variability, emphasizing the need for improved constraints on soil NOx emissions, forest canopy effects, and their role in atmospheric NO3− deposition and isotope dynamics in forests.
Clinical and socioeconomic differences in methamphetamine-positive burn patients

Previous research on burn patients who test positive for methamphetamines (meth) has yielded mixed results regarding whether meth-positive status leads to worse outcomes and longer hospitalizations. We hypothesized that meth-positive patients at our regional burn center would have worse outcomes. We reviewed burn admissions from January 2014 to December 2017 and compared total patients versus meth-positive, and matched meth-negative versus meth-positive for total BSA burn, length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) days, days on ventilator, discharge status (lived/died), number of operating room (OR) visits, number of procedures, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and discharge disposition. Of 1363 total patients, 264 (19.4%) were meth-positive on toxicology screen. We matched 193 meth-positive patients with meth-negative controls based on TBSA burn, age, and inhalation injury. In the total population comparison, meth-positive patients had larger burns (15.6% vs 12.2%; P = .004), longer LOS (17.8 vs 14.3 days; P = .041), and fewer operations/TBSA (0.12 vs 0.2; P = .04), and lower socioeconomic status. Meth-positive patients were less likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing facility, and more likely to leave against medical advice. In the matched patients, we found no significant differences in LOS or OR visits/TBSA burn. Meth-positive patients have lower socioeconomic status, larger burns, and longer LOS compared to the total burn population. Methamphetamine use, by itself, does not appear to change outcomes. Methamphetamine use leads to larger burns in a population with fewer resources than the general population.
Vaccination and splenectomy in Olmsted County.

Abstract Objectives To determine the long-term impact of vaccination on any postoperative infection in adults who underwent splenectomy. Methods All adults (≥18 years) who underwent splenectomy from 1965 to 2011 in Olmsted County, MN were identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier estimates, and Cox proportional hazard ratios were performed. Results There were 724 patients who underwent splenectomy; 47% were female with a median age of 55 (35–69) years. Overall vaccination rate (pneumococcal, H influenza, meningococcal) was 62% (n = 449). There were 268 (36%) patients who developed a post-splenectomy infection; most presented with sepsis 148 (55%). The 3 most common infections included pneumonia (124, 17%), bloodstream (67, 9%), and urinary tract infection (49, 7%). Median time to infection was quicker in non-vaccinated compared with vaccinated patients (1.5 [0.1–4.3] vs 3.3 [1.9–9.8] years, P = .01). Conclusion In this population-based study, the highest risk of infection after splenectomy was in patients who did not receive complete vaccination. Lack of complete vaccination was associated with a reduced time to infection and increased rates of bloodstream infections at 5 years. Infectious complication risk reduced as vaccination protocols improved for all indications except for malignancy. Adults who underwent a splenectomy should continue to receive booster vaccines.
Archaeologies of Working-Class Culture and Collective Action

The nineteenth-century emergence of an American working class is studied by historians as an abstract awareness of shared experiences grounded in material conditions and concrete reality (Oestreicher 1986). Historical archaeology is appropriate to track the rise in class consciousness through: (1) shared material culture in workers’ domestic lives; (2) archaeological or archival evidence for class distinctions and hierarchical dissent; and (3) material evidence, archival and oral histories of working-class efforts to affect change through labor organizing or political action. These markers of class consciousness are compared among historical sites of labor contestation, and used to understand experiences of workers in the company town of Mono Mills, California. Identification of a working-class culture contributes to theorizing how class structures crosscut differences (e.g., ethnic, gendered, and racial) as well as built solidarity in opposition to other tiers of the labor hierarchy.
Logical fallacies and reasonable debates in invasion biology: a response to Guiaşu and Tindale

This critical note responds to Guiasu and Tindale’s “Logical fallacies and invasion biology,” from our perspective as ecologists and philosophers of science engaged in debates about invasion biology and invasive species. We agree that “the level of charges and dismissals” surrounding these debates might be “unhealthy” and that “it will be very difficult for dialogues to move forward unless genuine attempts are made to understand the positions being held and to clarify the terms involved.” Although they raise several important scientific, conceptual, and ethical issues at the foundations of invasion biology, we believe Guiasu and Tindale’s attempts to clarify the debate were unsuccessful. Like some other critics of the field, they tend to misrepresent invasion biology by cherry-picking and constructing “straw people,” inaccurately portraying invasion biology, and thus failing to elevate the dialogue. In this critique, we clarify areas in the invasion biology literature misrepresented by Guiasu and Tindale. We attempt to provide a more balanced view of areas of reasonable debate within invasion biology, including disputes about empirical evidence, diverse risk attitudes, and other diverse ethical commitments.
Acoustic analysis of ultrasonic assisted soldering for enhanced adhesion.

Abstract Ultrasonic soldering utilizes high-intensity acoustic fields to induce cavitation in the solder melt in order to (i) bond dissimilar materials and (ii) improve solder joint strength. The acoustic energy transfer from the piezoelectric transducer (PZT) into the liquid solder pool is critical in both understanding and optimizing this process. We use finite element analysis of the acoustics and compare with experiment. Our finite-element modeling approach is two-pronged; (i) we develop a one-dimensional model that is used as a design tool to optimize the solder stack geometry to match the transducer frequency for maximal acoustic energy transfer and (ii) we use a three-dimensional model to compute the frequency response in the solder stack assembly (solid acoustics) and the acoustic pressure in the liquid solder pool (solid-fluid interaction). The acoustic pressure is a proxy for cavitation and therefore bond strength. Our simulations show the acoustic pressure rapidly decreases as the height of the solder tip above the substrate surface increases, which correlates with controlled experiments that show the solder bond quality also decreases with increasing tip height.
Defect-induced exciton localization in bulk gallium nitride from many-body perturbation theory

We present a many-body perturbation theory study of the excitonic properties of wurtzite GaN containing a single charged nitrogen vacancy. We determine that the lowest-energy exciton consists of a bulk to defect transition, resulting in a slight redshift ($l0.1$ eV) of the optical absorption onset and a 50 meV increase in the exciton binding energy when compared with pristine bulk. Furthermore, by analysis of the electron-hole correlation function, we quantify the defect-induced localization of the Wannier-Mott exciton in two ways. First, we show that the electron-hole separation is reduced, and that the exciton envelope wave function can be related to a simple model of a defect-bound exciton. Second, we show that the exciton center-of-mass does not display the periodicity of the lattice due to defect-induced localization. We anticipate that our approach, which quantitatively describes the influence of a point defect on the exciton wave function, will be generally applicable.
Simulation of energy-efficient demand response for high performance computing systems

Energy consumption is a critical issue for high-performance computing (HPC) systems. Demand response is a program offered by power service providers to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we present the simulation of an energy-efficient economic demand-response model based on contract theory. Simulation is developed to examine the effectiveness of the demand-response model in a variety of real-world scenarios. Results from simulation show that the model can achieve energy efficiency through the rewarding mechanism of the contract-based design. In particular, the HPC users can be properly compensated to ensure their willing participation in energy reduction.
The associated press stylebook changes and the use of addiction-related stigmatizing terms in news media.

Background: The May 2017 publication of the updated Associated Press (AP) Stylebook offered guidance that advised against stigmatizing. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of stigmatizing terms describing substance use and disorder in news articles before and after the update of the AP Stylebook.Methods: We reviewed articles containing terms "opioid" or "addiction" from three major news outlets. We counted the number of AP Stylebook proscribed terms found in each article and compared the proportions of articles from each outlet with proscribed terms before and after AP Stylebook publication. Results: In 2016, 56-94% of articles from each of the three news outlets contained a proscribed term. The use of proscribed terms in articles identified by searching "opioid" published in the New York Times decreased (72% vs. 94%, p = 0.01) after the AP Stylebook change. For other news outlets, there were no significant differences, though all proportions were lower after publication. Conclusions: Evidence for a decrease in the use of stigmatizing terminology for substance use and disorders in news articles after publication of guidance was limited. Additional efforts should address use of such terminology to maximize implementation of effective addiction health policies and practices.
Ultrasound responsive carbon monoxide releasing micelle.

Abstract Carbon monoxide (CO), an endogenously produced gasotransmitter, has shown various therapeutic effects in previous studies. In this work, we developed an ultrasound responsive micelle for localized CO delivery. The micelle is composed of a pluronic shell and a core of a CO releasing molecule, CORM-2. The mechanism is based on the ultrasound response of pluronics, and the reaction between CORM-2 and certain biomolecules, e.g. cysteine. The latter allows CO release without significantly breaking the micelles. In a 3.5 mM cysteine solution, the micelles released low level of CO, indicating effective encapsulation of CORM-2. Treatment with a low intensity, non-focused ultrasound led to four times as much CO as the sample without ultrasonication, which is close to that of unencapsulated CORM-2. Significantly reduced proliferation of prostate cancer cells (PC-3) was observed 24 h after the PC-3 cells were treated with the CORM-2 micelles followed by ultrasound activation.
Management of Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review.

Background Objective Study DesignRARS is a challenging clinical problem that impacts many patients. This article seeks to systematically review the literature on RARS management.MethodsCochrane, Pu...
Cost-effectiveness of Dapagliflozin for Treatment of Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

Importance In the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial, dapagliflozin was shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations due to heart failure while improving patient-reported health status. However, the cost-effectiveness of adding dapagliflozin therapy to standard of care (SOC) is unknown. Objective To estimate the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin therapy among patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Design, Setting, and Participants This Markov cohort cost-effectiveness model used estimates of therapy effectiveness, transition probabilities, and utilities from the DAPA-HF trial and other published literature. Costs were derived from published sources. Patients with HFrEF included subgroups based on diabetes status and health status impairment due to heart failure. We compiled parameters from the literature including DAPA-HF, on which our model is based, and many other sources from December 2019 to February 27, 2021. We performed our analysis in February 2021. Exposures Dapagliflozin or SOC. Main Outcomes and Measures Hospitalizations for heart failure, life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs, and the cost per QALY gained (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio). Results In the model, dapagliflozin therapy yielded a mean of 0.78 additional life-years and 0.46 additional QALYs compared with SOC at an incremental cost of $38 212, resulting in a cost per QALY gained of $83 650. The cost per QALY was similar for patients with or without diabetes and for patients with mild or moderate impairment of health status due to heart failure. The cost-effectiveness was most sensitive to estimates of the effect on mortality and duration of therapy effectiveness. If the cost of dapagliflozin decreased from $474 to $270 (43% decline), the cost per QALY gained would drop below $50 000. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that dapagliflozin provides intermediate value compared with SOC, based on American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association benchmarks. Additional data regarding the magnitude of mortality reduction would improve the precision of cost-effectiveness estimates.
Disparity between the use of postoperative psychosocial and physical services among older adults with head and neck cancer.

e24016Background: It is unclear whether older adults undergoing head and neck cancer (HNC) surgery have significant functional and mental health impairments perioperatively. We examined postoperati...
Expertise and Service: A Call to Action

Although theological librarianship occurs most often at seminaries or graduate level theology programs, there are also librarians working with theology on an undergraduate level. In many cases, these librarians are responsible for additional subject areas and may or may not have any theological expertise or training. While the two groups do the same types of work, they are doing so in different ways. To explore these commonalities and differences, a study was conducted among undergraduate theology liaisons and those results were compared with the literature and data regarding graduate level theological librarianship. One hundred ten undergraduate librarians responded to a survey regarding theological liaison activities, and the results indicate both the need for more research and the need for further emphasis on undergraduate subject-area liaison duties in theology and adjacent areas.
Association between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Lung Cancer

Objectives Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are the most commonly prescribed antihypertensives, with prior studies identifying a possible association between long-term use and increased rates of lung cancer. This study evaluated this potential association in a large population using propensity matching. Methods This was a population-based cohort study in a large healthcare system in three regions of the United States. Pairwise propensity score matching was performed using demographics and comorbidities. All of the adult patients in the healthcare system from January 1, 2000 to April 30, 2018 with at least 1 year of follow-up were included. Results In total, 3,253,811 patients with a median age of 59 (range 18-103) years were included. The ACEI group had a higher freedom from lung cancer versus controls at 15 years (98.47%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 98.41-98.54) versus 98.26%, (95% CI 98.20-98.33), whereas ARBs had similar rates versus controls at all time points. For patients diagnosed as having lung cancer, median all-cause survival was significantly higher in the ACEI (34.7 months, 95% CI 32.8-36.6) and ARB (30.9 months, 95% CI 28.1-33.8) groups than the control group (20.6 months, 95% CI 20.1-21.1). Conclusions This study showed lower rates of lung cancer with ACEI use and no difference in risk with ARBs. In addition, use of these medications was found to be associated with increased survival in those diagnosed as having lung cancer. This study supports the continued use of these medications without concern for increasing the risk of lung cancer.
Magnetic domain wall substructures in Pt/Co/Ni/Ir multi-layers

We examine the substructures of magnetic domain walls (DWs) in [Pt/(Co/Ni) M/Ir] N multi-layers using a combination of micromagnetic theory and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. Thermal stability calculations of Q=±1 substructures [2 π vertical Bloch lines and DW skyrmions] were performed using a geodesic nudged elastic band model, which supports their metastability at room temperature. Experimental variation in strength of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and film thickness reveals conditions under which these substructures are present and enables the formation of a magnetic phase diagram. Reduced thickness is found to favor Q=±1 substructures likely due to the suppression of hybrid DWs. The results from this study provide an important framework for examining 1D DW substructures in chiral magnetic materials.
A Note on Aristotle's Principle of Non-Contradiction

In what follows I will say little if anything about the animadversions visa-vis Irwin and Lukasiewicz and Owen, because there is so much of such greater interest in what Code has told us about Aristotle, the great preponderance of which, in my opinion, is true (that is, true about Aristotle). I will review some of this truth, specify one place where I have trouble reconciling his account with the evidence, and then try to give a better account that I think is entirely compatible with the rest of what he has given us.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid XXXVI. A PROOFREADING FUNCTION FOR THE 3' → 5' EXONUCLEASE ACTIVITY IN DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID POLYMERASES

Abstract The Escherichia coli and T4 DNA polymerases do not extend chains in which the 3'-terminal nucleotide (primer terminus) is not paired with the template. By using synthetic double-stranded polynucleotides, the 3' → 5' exonuclease function of these polymerases was shown to be directed specifically against a mispaired or unpaired primer terminus. Chain extension of such termini begins only after all mispaired nucleotides have been removed and a basepaired terminus is reached. The latter is completely conserved while polymerization is maintained. These results suggest that the function of the 3' → 5' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerases is to remove mispaired nucleotides which have been incorrectly incorporated, thereby increasing the fidelity of template copying. The function of other E. coli exonucleases suggested by their specificities on polynucleotide substrates are trimming loose ends of DNA for exonuclease I and enlarging nicks and gaps within helical regions for exonuclease III.
Binding of Insulin-131I by Isolated Frog Sartorius Muscles RELATIONSHIP TO CHANGES IN PERMEABILITY TO SUGAR CAUSED BY INSULIN

Abstract Isolated frog sartorius muscles were incubated with insulin at 19°, and changes in permeability to sugar were studied, with the use of 3-methylglucose as a model substrate. After incubation of muscles with different concentrations of insulin in the range of 20 to 500 or 1000 microunits per ml for 3½ hours, permeability attained a value that was approximately proportional to the logarithm of the concentration. No decrease of permeability occurred when muscles that had been exposed to insulin were later washed with Ringer's solution at 0°, but when washing was performed at 19°, the hormonal effect was reversed. In order to investigate the relationship of these findings to the binding of insulin, frog sartorius muscles were incubated with insulin-131I. More insulin-131I was found in incubated tissues than could be accounted for by their content of extracellular fluid, and this excess material has been referred to as "accumulated" insulin-131I. When muscles that had accumulated insulin-131I were washed with Ringer's solution at 0°, only the insulin-131I of the extracellular fluid was removed, and the accumulated material was retained without appreciable loss. Thus, when washing was conducted at 0°, a firm binding of insulin-131I to muscle was demonstrable. On the other hand, when washing was carried out at 19°, insulin-131I in the muscle was degraded to a form that was soluble in trichloracetic acid, and the amount that was retained fell progressively. Thus, degradation of insulin during washing at 19° may facilitate removal of the hormone from the cells and thereby permit reversal of the effect on permeability. At 19°, accumulation of insulin-131I was detectable soon after addition of the muscle to the incubation medium, but there was an absolute lag period of approximately 20 min before insulin began to enhance permeability to sugar. At 0°, accumulation of insulin-131I occurred almost as readily as at 19°, but permeability was not altered by insulin at this temperature during several hours of observation. Thus, the effect of insulin on permeability appears to involve a temperature-dependent reaction that occurs after initial binding of the hormone to the tissue. When studies of accumulation were carried out at different concentrations of insulin-131I, part of the accumulation process exhibited a high affinity for the hormone, and the tissue became saturated at a concentration of hormone, generally 1000 microunits per ml or less, which was sufficient to cause a maximal change in permeability to sugar. This type of accumulation has been referred to as "specific" in order to distinguish it from a concomitantly occurring "nonspecific" form which continued to increase in extent as the concentration of insulin-131I was raised to levels that greatly exceeded the physiological range.
Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Cobamide Coenzymes CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ENZYME-COENZYME COMPLEX

The complex consisting of dioldehydrase and dimethylbenzimidazolycobamide coenzyme (DBC) can, in addition to its catalytic function, react with oxygen, glycolaldehyde, and glyoxal. The enzyme-coenzyme complex does not serve a catalytic function in these reactions, but participates as a reactant. However, the properties of the noncatalytic reaction suggest that similar mechanisms may be involved in the catalytic and noncatalytic reaction. The reaction with oxygen leads to the inactivation of the enzyme-DBC complex. Spectral changes suggest the formation of hydroxocobalamin. Upon denaturation of the inactive complex, hydroxocobalamin and several nucleosides derived from the adenosyl moiety of DBC are detected. When glycolaldehyde is added to the enzyme-coenzyme complex, the complex becomes inactivated and glycolaldehyde is converted to glyoxal and to an as yet unidentified minor compound. In this reaction, 1 mole of enzyme-coenzyme complex is inactivated per mole of glycolaldehyde consumed. The reaction with glycolaldehyde also results in changes in the spectrum of the coenzyme. When the inactivated complex is denatured, DBC is no longer present; instead, hydroxocobalamin is isolated. A single nucleoside is formed from the adenosyl moiety, which has been tentatively identified as 5'-deoxyadenosine. The noncatalytic reactions show that the enzyme-coenzyme complex can function as electron donor and acceptor and that DBC participates in both of these processes. The ability of the coenzyme to function as oxidizing and reducing agent suggests that its chemical properties are modified as a result of the interaction with the apoenzyme. It is proposed that the modified coenzyme functions in both the catalytic and the noncatalytic reaction and that the ability of the enzyme-coenzyme complex to act as electron donor and acceptor is utilized in the catalytic reaction.
Land Policy: Founding Choices and Outcomes, 1781-1802

Victory in the War for Independence brought a vast amount of land within the grasp of the new American nation -- territory stretching from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River between the southern shores of the Great Lakes and Spanish Florida. These lands were initially claimed by several states. Pressure from states without land claims led to these lands being transferred to the national government. The land so transferred was to be used to pay for the revolution. By 1802 this national public domain totaled roughly 220 million acres of saleable land that was worth about $215 million dollars at constant-dollar long-run equilibrium land prices. A public finance approach is used to explain the choices facing the government regarding how to use its lands to pay for the revolution. The first choice -- directly swapping land for war debt -- was superseded by the second choice, namely "backing" the national debt with its land assets and pledging future proceeds from land sales to be used by law only to redeem the principal of the national debt and nothing else. This land policy helped stabilize the national government's financial position and put the U.S. on a sound credit footing by the mid-1790s.