cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anomalous flux dynamics in magnesium diboride films

Abstract The flux dynamics in magnesium diboride films becomes altered by scattering resulting in an unprecedented quenching of flux motion that is beyond conventional vortex pinning. At currents approaching the pair-breaking value and magnetic fields approaching the upper-critical field, the conductance diverges and the current-resistance and temperature–conductance curves become parallel, showing mainly a shift in the transition due to pair-breaking with minimal signs of flux motion.
Generalization of early metalinguistic skills in a phonological decoding study with first-graders at risk for reading failure

This training study was designed to examine the effects of training letter-sound correspondences and phonemic decoding (segmenting and blending skills) on the decoding skills of three first-grade children identified to be at risk for reading failure. This training study was to examine the degree to which the subjects could readily learn decoding skills necessary for early reading and to determine the degree to which phonemic decoding training on CVC syllable structures generalize to untrained syllable structures. Three experimental subjects served as their own controls in a single-subject multiple-baseline design. Experimental subjects were compared to matched control subjects on their ability to decode real-word and pseudo-word stimuli and on formal test scores of reading and spelling. Following training, experimental subjects demonstrated substantial increases in their acquisition and generalization of phonological decoding skills, but revealed much smaller changes on pre-test to post-test measures of formal reading and spelling when compared to their matched control subjects.
Joint laxity in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis

Joint laxity was quantified by measuring the distance from the thumb tip to the forearm during passive apposition in 500 normal Southern Chinese women. Joint laxity was found to have a normal distribution throughout the population and to decrease with age. When 109 Chinese girls with idiopathic adolescent scoliosis were similarly tested they were found to have significantly more laxity, suggesting that the two conditions are associated.
Apparent Activation Energy of Viscous Flow in Pectin Jellies

A change of state in a cooling jelly sol is preceded by a narrow temperature interval of viscous flow that may be measured, in order to compute the activation energy of such flow. The contribution of decreasing temperatures to the viscosity-increase was 106 times greater than that of time. The apparent activation energy of viscous flow in citrus and apple jelly was found to be of the same order of magnitude, 104 cal/mole. Of the pectins studied, those that were commercially designated as slow-setting tended to have a higher activation energy than those that were rapid-setting. The flow pattern of some jellies, notably from pure citrus and rapid-set pectins, was characterized by a different activation energy at high and low temperatures.
A Better Approach to Reliable Multi-Path Provisioning

We study the problem of reliably provisioning traffic in high-capacity backbone mesh networks supporting virtual concatenation (VCAT). VCAT enables a connection to be inversely multiplexed on to multiple paths, a feature that has many advantages over conventional single-path provisioning. We propose improved routing algorithms which use minimum- cost flow to find efficient collections of paths that satisfy the traffic requests. We first investigate the performance of our scheme under a uniform setting with symmetric traffic distribution and equal link capacities. We then apply our algorithm in a more realistic setting with asymmetric traffic and differing link capacities. Our algorithm is effective in both the uniform and non-uniform settings, and is much more effective than previously proposed schemes. Our study in the non-uniform setting is significant as it gives insight into the performance of our algorithm under more realistic scenarios.
Transitioning Non-Traditional Students to an Undergraduate Business Program.

This paper reports experiences of non-traditional students in a specially designed section of seminar course which was primarily designed for first-year traditional business students. The College of Business’s BSN101, Foundations of Business Administration (FBA), is designed to serves as a course to assist the students with transitioning into the business program. Typical traditional classes have enrollments of about 80 students. The special section for non-traditional students had seven students, 24 years of age or older, who were returning to undergraduate business school. This paper reports results of the implementation of the new program design in the FBA classes. Results are important not only to the College of Business, but also to the other Colleges as interest in first-year seminar courses and better serving the needs of non-traditional student increases. Currently, the University Retention Committee and the First-Year Seminar Sub-Committee are exploring the possibility of implementing a first-year seminar courses in the College of Arts and Sciences and the College of Education and Human Services to be recommended to the Provost. Data collected for the experimental section in the study reported here will support decision-making regarding new seminar courses.
BOOM: enabling mobile memory based low-power server DIMMs

To address the real-time processing needs of large and growing amounts of data, modern software increasingly uses main memory as the primary data store for critical information. This trend creates a new emphasis on high-capacity, high-bandwidth, and high-reliability main memory systems. Conventional and recently-proposed server memory techniques can satisfy these requirements, but at the cost of significantly increased memory power, a key constraint for future memory systems. In this paper, we exploit the low-power nature of another high volume memory component---mobile DRAM---while improving its bandwidth and reliability shortcomings with a new DIMM architecture. We propose Buffered Output On Module (BOOM) that buffers the data outputs from multiple ranks of low-frequency mobile DRAM devices, which in aggregation provide high bandwidth and achieve chipkill-correct or even stronger reliability. Our evaluation shws that BOOM can reduce main memory power by more than 73% relative to the baseline chipkill system, while improving average performance by 5% and providing strong reliability. For memory-intensive applications, BOOM can improve performance by 30--40%.
Nuclear origins of brainstem reticulocortical systems in the rat

Stereotaxic injections of 5% Fast Blue or 1% horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin conjugate (HRP-WGA) were made into various cytoarchitectonic or functional regions of the cerebral cortex of anesthetized adult albino or hooded rats. Sections through the brainstems of these animals were then scrutinized for the presence of retrogradely labeled neurons. The data generated by this study indicate that at least 33 distinct nuclei or subnuclei within the brainstem reticular formation of the rat project directly to the cerebral cortex. More than half of these ascending reticulocortical systems are probably aminergic. The strongest reticulocortical projections emanate from presumed aminergic reticular-cell groups located at isthmic levels: specifically, the rostral serotonin-containing cell groups, as well as the noradrenergic locus coeruleus. However, relatively strong direct reticulocortical projections also originate from lower medullary cell groups which are probably catecholaminergic. Moderately strong reticulocortical projections emanate from cholinergic cell groups located at isthmic levels (the pars compacta of the pedunculopontine nucleus and the X area of Sakai). The most surprising finding in this study was that the classic isodendritic, nonaminergic central core of the brainstem gives rise to direct reticulocortical projections. The ventromedial areas of the medullary brainstem reticular formation give rise to the strongest nonaminergic ascending reticular projections, but all levels of the classic isodendritic reticular core give rise to direct reticulocortical projections. As a whole, cortically projecting reticular neurons are mostly small (10-25 microns in greatest diameter) or medium sized (26-35 microns in greatest diameter) neurons. Previous studies have shown that many of the cortically projecting reticular nuclei also project to the spinal cord, and within these nuclei, reticulocortical neurons often strongly resemble their reticulospinal counterparts with respect to details of neuronal morphology. This in turn suggests that some reticulocortical neurons may also project to spinal levels.
Optimized dose coverage of regional lymph nodes in breast cancer: the role of intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

Purpose To determine whether the use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) would lead to improved dosimetry for the breast and regional nodes. Methods and Materials Ten patients with left-sided breast cancer were selected. The clinical target volume included left breast and internal mammillary (IM), supraclavicular (SC), and axillary (AX) nodes. The critical structures included heart, right and left lungs, contralateral breast, esophagus, thyroid, and humeral head. Conventional and a series of IMRT plans were generated for comparison. Results The average heart D 3 was reduced from 31.4 ± 18.9 with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) to 15 ± 7.2 Gy with 9-field (9-FLD IMRT). The average left lung D 30 was also decreased from 27.9 ± 11.5 Gy (3D-CRT) to 12.6 ± 8.2 Gy (9-FLD IMRT). The average contralateral breast D 2 was reduced from 4.4 ± 5.3 Gy (3D-CRT) to 1.8 ± 1.2 Gy (4-FLD IMRT). Esophagus D 2 was increased from 9.3 ± 8.1 Gy (3D-CRT) to 29.4 ± 5.4 (9-FLD IMRT); thyroid D 50 was increased from 0.9 ± 0.6 Gy (3D-CRT) to 11.9 ± 6.6 (9-FLD IMRT); humeral head D 2 was increased from 36.1 ± 13.1 Gy (3D-CRT) to 39.9 ± 6.5 (9-FLD IMRT). Conclusions The use of IMRT improves breast and regional node coverage while decreasing doses to the lungs, heart, and contralateral breast when compared with 3D-CRT. Doses to esophagus, thyroid, and humeral head, however, were increased with IMRT.
The pea aphid uses a version of the terminal system during oviparous, but not viviparous, development

In most species of aphid, female nymphs develop into either sexual or asexual adults depending on the length of the photoperiod to which their mothers were exposed. The progeny of these sexual and asexual females, in turn, develop in dramatically different ways. The fertilized oocytes of sexual females begin embryogenesis after being deposited on leaves (oviparous development) while the oocytes of asexual females complete embryogenesis within the mother (viviparous development). Compared with oviparous development, viviparous development involves a smaller transient oocyte surrounded by fewer somatic epithelial cells and a smaller early embryo that comprises fewer cells. To investigate whether patterning mechanisms differ between the earliest stages of the oviparous and viviparous modes of pea aphid development, we examined the expression of pea aphid orthologs of genes known to specify embryonic termini in other insects. Here we show that pea aphid oviparous ovaries express torso-like in somatic posterior follicle cells and activate ERK MAP kinase at the posterior of the oocyte. In addition to suggesting that some posterior features of the terminal system are evolutionarily conserved, our detection of activated ERK in the oocyte, rather than in the embryo, suggests that pea aphids may transduce the terminal signal using a mechanism distinct from the one used in Drosophila. In contrast with oviparous development, the pea aphid version of the terminal system does not appear to be used during viviparous development, since we did not detect expression of torso-like in the somatic epithelial cells that surround either the oocyte or the blastoderm embryo and we did not observe restricted activated ERK in the oocyte. We suggest that while oviparous oocytes and embryos may specify posterior fate through an aphid terminal system, viviparous oocytes and embryos employ a different mechanism, perhaps one that does not rely on an interaction between the oocyte and surrounding somatic cells. Together, these observations provide a striking example of a difference in the fundamental events of early development that is both environmentally induced and encoded by the same genome.
Consultation with the specialist: patellofemoral conditions in childhood.

1. Theodore J. Ganley, MD* 2. Rebecca L. Gaugles* 3. Leslie A. Moroz* 1. *Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the signs, symptoms, and risk factors related to patellofemoral instability and pain. 2. Discuss the elements of physical examination and the radiographic features that can help diagnose these conditions. 3. Assess the risk for recurrent instability and pain. 4. Provide patients with an overview of treatment options. Patellofemoral instability and patellofemoral pain are seen commonly in the outpatient setting. An understanding of knee anatomy and accurate interpretation of clinical findings are necessary to evaluate and manage patellofemoral pain and instability properly and to help young patients return safely to sports. In this article, we discuss how to distinguish patellofemoral instability from patellofemoral pain and offer our approach to managing these conditions. Patients who have increased hip internal rotation, lower leg external rotation, knock knee alignment, flat foot, tight hamstrings, tight heel cords, and poor quadriceps muscle tone are at increased risk for anterior knee pain. This condition is referred to as patellofemoral or anterior knee pain syndrome. The previous term, chondromalacia patella, has fallen out of favor because it refers only to the anatomic changes of the undersurface of the patella and not to the soft tissue or afferent and efferent pain fibers. The physical examination for this condition follows the general protocol for assessment of knee pain. All patients should be evaluated to be sure that they have level shoulders and pelvis without evidence of spinal asymmetry. An observation of walking and running can help rule out quadriceps atrophy and identify painful or antalgic gait patterns as well as foot progression angles that show intoeing or out-toeing. Patients are evaluated prone and supine to ensure that hip, knee, and ankle strength and range of motion are symmetric. A standing evaluation checks for evidence of malalignment, including genu valgum, calcaneovalgus, and pes planus. …
A Microscopic, but not Self-consistent Approach to Nuclear Binding and Deformation Energies

Abstract Using various versions of the Skyrme force and Negele's interaction, we calculate deformation energies of nuclei by evaluating the expectation value of the many-body Hamiltonian in wave functions taken to be antisymmetrized products of single-particle functions. These single-particle functions are eigenfunctions of a phenomenological potential, here taken to be a deformed Woods-Saxon well. The method can be thought of as an extension of the Strutinsky shell-correction method, to make the connection with the two-body interaction. The method employed here is checked by comparison with Hartree-Fock (HF) results; our method is, however, much faster than the HF method, and, therefore, suitable for a wide range of problems where one tests the sensitivity of results to changes in the two-body interaction. A fairly good agreement with the HF method is obtained for ground-state energies, radii and deformations, as well as for deformations of shape isomers. The main discrepancy is that our energies tend to increase slightly too rapidly with deformation, indicating that we may not have chosen the best phenomenological well. Two-dimensional energy surfaces, which agree quite well with those from the Strutinsky method, are found for 240Pu.
Liquid crystalline lonomers. I. Main‐chain liquid crystalline polymer containing pendant sulfonate groups

Liquid crystalline polymers containing sodium sulfonate groups pendant to the polymer backbone were synthesized by an interfacial condensation reaction of brilliant yellow, a sulfonate-containing monomer, with 4,4′-dihydroxy-α,α′-dimethyl benzalazine and a 50/50 mixture of sebacoyl and dodecanedioyl dichlorides. Polymers containing up to ca. 4 mol% brilliant yellow were characterized by elemental analysis and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The polymers were thermally stable to about 300°C, and they exhibited a broad nematic mesophase region of 70–100°C. The solution viscosity behavior in chloroform suggested that intramolecular associations of the sulfonate groups occurred at low polymer concentrations and intermolecular associations predominated at higher concentrations.
A Method for Determining Mixer Spurious Response Rejection

A technique for the prediction of mixer spurious response rejection is developed. Calculation procedures and data requirements are discussed. The statistical evaluation of prediction error is presented for a large population of datum points.
Pediatric discourse on corporal punishment: A historical review

Corporal punishment is a commonly used, but controversial disciplinary technique. This article reviews the pediatric professional response to corporal punishment over the past century. We focus predominantly on the discourse written to educate pediatricians, for the most part, textbooks. Using the sociologic construction of deviance proposed by Conrad and Schneider, we show how corporal punishment has moved from a condoned behavior to a socially deviant behavior. Based on our review of this literature, we delineate three distinct pediatric professional attitudes toward corporal punishment over this century:(a) corporal punishment as morally sanctioned behavior, (b) corporal punishment as atool for controlling behavior, and (c) corporal punishment as abusive. We show how each of these stances developed and demonstrate how these stances inform paradigms that are still operative today. By reviewing changes in pediatric thought toward corporal punishment, this article provides a useful framework for child health professionals struggling with the appropriateness of corporal punishment as a disciplinary technique.
Mass spectral study of polymorphism of the apolipoproteins of very low density lipoprotein.

New isoforms of apolipoprotein (apo)C-I and apoC-III have been detected in delipidated fractions from very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) using matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS). The cleavage sites of truncated apoC-III isoforms have also been identified. The VLDL fractions were isolated by fixed-angle single-spin ultracen- trifugation using a self-generating sucrose density gradient and delipidated using a newly developed C18 solid phase extraction protocol. Fifteen apoC isoforms and apoE were identified in the MALDI spectra and the existence of the more abundant species was verified by ESI-MS. The relative intensities of the apoCs are closely correlated in three nor- molipidemic subjects. A fourth subject with type V hyperlip- idemia exhibited an elevated apoC-III level and a sup- pressed level of the newly discovered truncated apoC-I isoform. ApoC-II was found to be particularly sensitive to in vitro oxidation. The dynamic range and specificity of the MALDI assay shows that the complete apoC isoform profile and apoE phenotype can be obtained in a single measure- ment from the delipidated VLDL fraction.— Bondarenko, P. V., S. L. Cockrill, L. K. Watkins, I. D. Cruzado, and R. D. Macfarlane. Mass spectral study of polymorphism of the apolipoproteins of very low density lipoprotein. J. Lipid Res. 1999. 40: 543-555.
Dual cantilever flutter: Experimentally validated lumped parameter modeling and numerical characterization

Abstract This paper presents an analytical and experimental investigation of a flow-induced vibration phenomenon referred to as dual cantilever flutter (DCF). The purpose of this research is to introduce the concept of DCF and to help isolate and understand key components that cause it. If unaccounted for, vibration produced by DCF has the potential to cause catastrophic structural damage or unwanted acoustic excitation. This paper includes experimentally validated lumped parameter analytical models for fluid coupling and fluid excitation between two adjacent cantilever beams surrounded by fluid. Results of a nondimensional analysis performed with the DCF model are also given.
Ruin porn, documentary, and metal theft: An interview with the co-directors of Scrappers

The documentary film Scrappers, co-directed by Brian Ashby, Ben Kolak, and Courtney Prokopas, is a verite portrait of Oscar and Otis, two metal scavengers who “search for a living with brains, brawn and battered pickup trucks.” The film encompasses several emerging themes bearing on contemporary crime, media, and culture, including the growing popularity of an American post-industrial aesthetic, the blurring distinction between film—particularly documentary—and social science, and the recent trend of metal theft, which has risen as one of the most prevalent property crimes in the first decade of the 21st century. This interview with the co-directors elaborates on these themes.
Applying Safety Analysis Methods to Elementary Education

System safety methods are traditionally used in manufacturing environments. Applying traditional safety analysis methods in a non-traditional way to the classroom environment were used to conduct a safety and ergonomic assessment at an elementary school located near the Virginia border in northeastern North Carolina. The purpose of the study was to use safety analysis methods to an elementary school environment. For this study, three safety analysis methods, an ergonomic checklist, a classroom ergonomic analysis, and a task analysis were used to determine whether teachers and students were practicing ergonomically safe methods. Twelve classrooms in grades kindergarten through fifth grade were evaluated. Based upon the evaluations, several classrooms utilized adjustable furniture to ”fit the task to the person,” but not all adjustable furniture was properly used. In a number of classrooms, children practiced bad posture which can lead to future musculoskeletal disorders.
Increasing the Measurement Accuracy of Consumption Intentions

Behind the goal of many campaigns – public health or advertising – is that of altering the incidence, frequency, or volume of a behavior. This could involve reducing the incidence or frequency of smoking, reducing the volume of calorie intake, or increasing the incidence or volume of healthy produce or packaged goods. Unfortunately, many of the measures we have for foreshadowing the effectiveness of these campaigns. Since measuring actual consumption can be prohibitive in terms of time and money, we present two measures which can be examined in a laboratory – cognitive responses and consumption-intentions. Last we examine promising psychographic differences believed to moderate the effectiveness of various interventions on consumption. These can be useful in making measures more precise by focusing on subgroups on which they are most accurate.
Visible light-mediated atom transfer radical addition via oxidative and reductive quenching of photocatalysts.

Herein, the development of visible light-mediated atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of haloalkanes onto alkenes and alkynes using the reductive and oxidative quenching of [Ir{dF(CF3)ppy}2(dtbbpy)]PF6 and [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 is presented. Initial investigations indicated that the oxidative quenching of photocatalysts could effectively be utilized for ATRA, and since that report, the protocol has been expanded by broadening the scope of the reaction in terms of the photocatalysts, substrates, and solvents. In addition, further modifications of the reaction conditions allowed for the efficient ATRA of perfluoroalkyl iodides onto alkenes and alkynes utilizing the reductive quenching cycle of [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 with sodium ascorbate as the sacrificial electron donor. These results signify the complementary nature of the oxidative and reductive quenching pathways of photocatalysts and the ability to predictably direct reaction outcome through modification of the reaction conditions.
Analysis on influenza surveillance data in Jiangsu Province,2009- 2012

Objective To understand the epidemiologic characters of influenza in Jiangsu Province,so as to provide scientific evidence for making preventive and control strategies of influenza. Methods Data were collected from ILI report,pathogen surveillance and influenza outbreak report from 2009 to 2012 in Jiangsu Province. Results The high-risk groups of influenza in Jiangsu Province were infants and children who under the age of 14. From 2009 to 2012,the number of infected infants and children respectively accounted for 71. 64%,81. 39%,83. 70% and 84. 03% of the total ILI in that year. Annual two small epidemic peak appeared in Junuary to February and August. In recent three years,the incidence of flu was on the decline( Z =- 247. 91,P 0. 001). The positive influenza strains were respectively 1 615,806,555 and 993 from 2009 to 2012,the types of strains were type B and type A( H3N2) appeared alternately,occasionally send out with the A( H1N1),or other strains. In Jiangsu Province,from 2009 to 2012,the total reported outbreaks of flu / ILI were 147,84 occurred in primary and secondary schools and childcare facilities,accounting for 57. 14% of the total number of outbreaks. Conclusions Although influenza pandemic have not taken place in Jiangsu after 2009,influenza surveillance still can't be relaxed. We should pay more attention to the new influenza viruses and enhancing the surveillance of school influenza outbreaks.
Tissue Culture Technique of Ancient Willows from the Summer Palace,Beijing

Old trees are the precious legacy of the long history with important scientific,cultural and economic value.In order to inherit the historical culture and reserve the valuable plant genetic resources of the old national garden plants,tissue culture technique of the ancient willows grown on the west dyke from the Summer Palace in Beijing was studied.The result indicated that clustering plants could be gained by using stem with lateral bud as explants,taking MS as basal medium,supplement with 6-BA and NAA at proper doses.MS(2.0% sucrose)culture medium with no growth regulators was the best medium for initiating culture;the optimal medium for adventitious buds differentiation was MS+6-BA 0.8 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+3.0% sucrose;and the optimal medium for adventitious root formation was 1/2MS+NAA 0.2mg/L+1.5% sucrose.
Familial vulnerability for experimental neurosis.

This summary review of work from one specialized laboratory provides background for the ensuing theoretical discussion concerning experimental neurosis in one inbred strain of purebred pointers. These animals respond selectively to negative reinforcements provided adventitiously in the laboratory environment. The inherited vulnerability of this neurotic strain is contrasted with the high “immunity” of a parallel line in the same laboratory environment.
Routing, resource allocation and network design for overlay networks

Overlay networks have been the subject of significant research and practical interest recently in addressing the inefficiency and ossification of the current Internet. In this thesis, we cover various aspects of overlay network design, including overlay routing algorithms, overlay network assignment and multihomed overlay networks. We also examine the behavior of overlay networks under a wide range of network settings and identify several key factors that affect the performance of overlay networks. Based on these findings, practical design guidelines are also given. Specifically, this thesis addresses the following problems: (1) Dynamic overlay routing. We perform an extensive simulation study to investigate the performance of available bandwidth-based dynamic overlay routing from three important aspects: efficiency, stability, and safety margin. Based on the findings, we propose a hybrid routing scheme that achieves good performance in all three aspects. We also examine the effects of several factors on overlay routing performance, including network load, traffic variability, link-state staleness, number of overlay hops, measurement errors, and native sharing effects. (2) Virtual network assignment. We investigate the virtual network (VN) assignment problem in the scenario of network virtualization. Specifically, we develop a basic VN assignment scheme without reconfiguration and use it as the building block for all other advanced algorithms. Subdividing heuristics and adaptive optimization strategies are presented to further improve the performance. We also develop a selective VN reconfiguration scheme that prioritizes the reconfiguration for the most critical VNs. (3) Overlay network configuration tool for PlanetLab. We develop NetFinder, an automatic overlay network configuration tool to efficiently allocate PlanetLab resources to individual overlays. NetFinder continuously monitors the resource utilization of PlanetLab and accepts a user-defined overlay topology as input and selects the set of PlanetLab nodes and their interconnection for the user overlay. (4) Multihomed overlay network. We examine the affectiveness of combining multihoming and overlay routing from the perspective of an overlay service provider (OSP). We focus on the corresponding design problem and examine, with realistic network performance and pricing data, whether the OSP can provide a network service that is profitable, better (in terms of round-trip time), and less expensive than the competing native ISPs.
Design and analysis of rectifying and regulating rectifier with PWM and PFM modes

Neural stimulators are a key component of neural SoC designed for treating neurological disorders and closing the feedback loop in brain computer interfaces. In this work introduce a wireless power system customized to power a monolithic implantable neural (ECoG) stimulation platform which has unique power profile. For majority of time period, the stimulator is inactive and the SoC consumes minimal power (∼100 μW). During an active stimulation period, a series of 100–200 μs long pulses of high current spaced apart by 2–3 ms are transmitted. This train of pulses is repeated every 200–400 ms. During the conduction of stimulation current, the peak power requirement can vary from 25 mW (1mA@ 12 V for 50% efficient stimulator) to 1 mW (200μA@12A for 50% efficient stimulator). So, in summary the wireless power system needs to power a load which can varies from 25 mW to 100 μW within 100 μs. These necessities a system which high dynamic range with high efficiencies and fast transient response.
Statistical Dèjá Vu: The National Data Center Proposal of 1965 and Its Descendants

Issues concerning sharing of statistical information, linking data sets, and storing and preserving data collected by the federal statistical agencies have long sparked debate. This paper focuses on the National Data Center proposal of 1965, ensuing public concern over its privacy implications, and the response of the Bureau of the Budget and the U.S. Census Bureau. The purpose of this study is to identify the issues leading to the development of the proposal, as well as the consequences of the proposal, in order to inform current policy decisions, particularly in regard to the U.S. Census Bureau. Examples of subsequent efforts at statistical consolidate and data sharing highlight the persistent theme of statistical deja vu.
Wisconsin Soils in a Changing Climate

In the previous chapters, we have shown how much the soils of Wisconsin have been influenced by the past climates that carry a signature in many of the properties and soil profiles that we observe. The glacial periods stand out, but the tropical climate of the Silurian and even the Cambrian left traces in the soils of Wisconsin. In this chapter, we summarize the main climatic influences including climatic projections for the future.
Cataloging the Decorative Elements of 19th-Century Imprints

“Anything written on rare-book cataloging just now is bound to be controversial.” These were Paul Dunkin’s opening words to his influential How to Catalog a Rare Book , written over forty years ago. In the 1973 second edition of his work he asked the fundamental question, “How much is enough?” and responded astutely, “Probably no two catalogers will agree.” His opinions and counsel might have been different had he written his work in 1992, but the question remains the same. Once we have determined that a book is to be cataloged and have given it basic AACR2 treatment, how do we . . .
Data reduction framework for standard atomic weights and isotopic compositions of the elements

We outline a general framework to compute consensus reference values of standard atomic weights, isotope ratios, and isotopic abundances, and to evaluate associated uncertainties using modern statistical methods for consensus building that can handle mutually inconsistent measurement results. The multivariate meta-regression approach presented here is directly relevant to the work of the IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and atomic weights (CIAAW), and we illustrate the proposed method in meta-analyses of the isotopic abundances and atomic weights of zinc, platinum, antimony, and iridium.
Signaling hubs at ER/mitochondrial membrane associations

Signaling between organelles has profound implications for our understanding of organelle structural organization and regulatory processes. Close regional apposition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial membranes has been known for 50 years, but only in the past 20 years have scientists begun to unravel the nature and purpose of these quasi-synaptic contact points. At these sites of association, membranes have been shown to be of unique molecular composition, defining raft domains that are densely populated with membrane proteins, sphingolipids, and cholesterol. These associations are now referred to as mitochondrial associated membranes (MAMs). MAM domains mediate a complex array of cellular processes including; exchange of macromolecules, Ca2+ transfer, physical tethering, regulation of mitochondrial division, and signaling pathways that control autophagy and apoptosis. Dysfunction of MAM function is known to have profound cellular influence, and including the activation of several neurodegenerative disorders.
Emotional reactions to the 3D virtual body and future willingness: the effects of self-esteem and social physique anxiety

This study examined how the participant’s self-esteem and social physique anxiety affected the emotional reactions to viewing their own virtual body and willingness to participate in the virtual experience in the future. Three-dimensional body scanning technology was used as a virtual reality tool. Ninety-three (51 males and 42 females) subjects participated in the experiment, who were 18+ years old, both genders, and had no history of musculoskeletal or mental problems. The experiment consisted of the three phases, including the pre-scanning survey, 3D body scanning, and post-scanning evaluation. The results verified causal relationships that led to certain types of emotions after viewing the 3D virtual body and the willingness to participate in a future session, within the domains of self-esteem and social physique anxiety. Specifically, self-confidence (positive dimension of self-esteem) was strongly associated with positive emotions. The “other-oriented” perspective of social physique anxiety exhibited positive correlations with negative emotions. The participants who showed positive emotions indicated a strong willingness to participate in another session of 3D body scanning in the future, but those with negative emotions also showed their positive willingness to participate in the future session. It signified that regardless of their emotional responses (positive or negative) to viewing their 3D virtual body, the participants were willing to experience their 3D virtual body in the future. The findings suggested that this virtual reality approach could be used as a potentially effective, clinical tool for patients with body image-related disorders. Study limitations and future research were also discussed.
Contemporary Time Trends in Use of Antiplatelet Agents Among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Comorbid Diabetes Mellitus or Chronic Kidney Disease.

tudy Objective To describe contemporary trends of P2Y12 inhibitor use in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD) who have a higher risk of recurring ACS and may benefit from treatment with higher efficacy third-generation agents (prasugrel and ticagrelor). Design Observational cohort study. Setting A large U.S. commercial insurance program (2009–2015). Patients P2Y12 inhibitor initiated within 2 weeks after an ACS event. Measurements and Main Results We identified 98,649 P2Y12 inhibitor initiators, of whom 24.5% had comorbid DM (no CKD), 10.5% had CKD (no DM), and 12.6% had DM and CKD. Overall, 85.2% of patients initiated clopidogrel, followed by prasugrel (11.6%) and ticagrelor (3.2%). Prasugrel use decreased over time irrespective of preexisting DM and/or CKD; ticagrelor use increased. In logistic regression models accounting for patient demographics and clinical covariates, preexisting DM alone was not associated with prasugrel or ticagrelor versus clopidogrel treatment initiation; however, having CKD with or without DM significantly reduced the likelihood of receiving prasugrel versus clopidogrel (odds ratio [OR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.88 for CKD alone; OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–0.98 for DM and CKD). Comorbid DM and CKD reduced the odds of initiating ticagrelor versus clopidogrel (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.92). Principal Conclusions We observed lower or similar use of prasugrel and ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel in patients with ACS and comorbid DM and/or CKD. Given the potential for worse clinical outcomes with clopidogrel in these patients, our findings highlight the need to investigate the implications of these trends on recurrent ACS and bleeding events.
Using Narrative Medicine to Build Community Across the Health Professions and Foster Self-Care

Abstract Narrative medicine is a multidisciplinary field of inquiry and practice based on the premise that medical care takes place in the context of stories: the stories patients tell their providers, the stories providers tell each other, and the stories providers tell themselves about the work they do. Research on physicians and medical students suggests that training in narrative medicine conveys benefits, such as improved communication skills, personal growth, and job satisfaction. The role of narrative medicine in interprofessional groups has been less explored. In 2014, we started an interprofessional narrative medicine program in the Children's Center of the Johns Hopkins Hospital called AfterWards. Through literature, art, and writing, we endeavored to nurture empathy, encourage reflective practice, and build community among a diverse group of health care providers: nurses, social workers, attending physicians, residents, fellows, and child life specialists. The program meets monthly and is open to all on a volunteer drop-in basis. After 18 months, we conducted interviews of a purposeful sample of our attendees for reasons of quality improvement and to assess the program's impact. Our findings suggest that narrative medicine might have unique benefits for interprofessional teams. In a hospital environment that is often hierarchical and siloed, attending a narrative medicine group reduces isolation among health care providers, makes them feel equally valued, and provides a platform to hear diverse perspectives. By moderating the stress that arises from the emotional labor of hospital work, narrative medicine may also enhance self-care. Here, we report on our program's structure, summarize findings from our qualitative study, and provide perspectives from two nursing participants.
Time, Just Time: Integrating Up the Great Chain of Being

HOW LOCAL interactions between individuals in a human crowd or in a bee’s nest give rise to a group functioning as a single entity – how strong these interactions need to be, whether they are disbursed from a single leader or among equal individuals, whether there is a minimum number of individual organisms needed for the formation of the group – remained unclear, even after the pioneering work of Durkheim. But the problem of collective behavior at least had the advantage of possessing an indisputable underlying mechanism: interaction between individuals within the group. The problem of classification, however, was stymied on that front. Scholars attempting to group organisms in into species had no mechanism by which to organize their classificatory schemes. It is true that classification schemas based on common descent were proposed by Ray and others. But in most cases, common descent was nearly impossible to trace, and all natural historians could do in order to classify plants, for example, was to collect them and order them according to some parsing of their taxonomic properties. The key to classification did ultimately lie in common descent, but applying this concept to the classification of biological species was not potentiated until the discovery of deep geological time and the Darwinian revolution which followed.
Leveraging the Incidence, Burden, and Fiscal Implications of Unplanned Hospital Revisits for the Prioritization of Prevention Efforts in Pediatric Surgery.

OBJECTIVE To characterize procedure-level burden of revisit-associated resource utilization in pediatric surgery with the goal of establishing a prioritization framework for prevention efforts. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Unplanned hospital revisits are costly to the health care system and associated with lost productivity on behalf of patients and their families. Limited objective data exist to guide the prioritization of prevention efforts within pediatric surgery. METHODS Using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database, 30-day unplanned revisits for the 30 most commonly performed pediatric surgical procedures were reviewed from 47 children's hospitals between January 1, 2012 and March 31, 2015. The relative contribution of each procedure to the cumulative burden of revisit-associated length of stay and cost from all procedures was calculated as an estimate of public health relevance if prevention efforts were successfully applied (higher relative contribution = greater potential public health relevance). RESULTS 159,675 index encounters were analyzed with an aggregate 30-day revisit rate of 10.8%. Four procedures contributed more than half of the revisit-associated length of stay burden from all procedures, with the highest relative contributions attributable to complicated appendicitis (18.4%), gastrostomy (13.4%), uncomplicated appendicitis (13.0%), and fundoplication (9.4%). Four procedures contributed more than half of the revisit-associated cost burden from all procedures, with the highest relative contributions attributable to complicated appendicitis (18.8%), gastrostomy (14.6%), fundoplication (10.4%), and uncomplicated appendicitis (10.2%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A small number of procedures account for a disproportionate burden of revisit-associated resource utilization in pediatric surgery. Gastrostomy, fundoplication, and appendectomy should be considered high-priority targets for prevention efforts within pediatric surgery.
Durability of PEM Fuel Cell Membranes

Durability is still a critical limiting factor for the commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, a leading energy conversion technology for powering future hydrogen fueled automobiles, backup power systems (e.g., for base transceiver station of cellular networks), portable electronic devices, etc. Ionic conducting polymer (ionomer) electrolyte membranes are the critical enabling materials for the PEM fuel cells. They are also widely used as the central functional elements in hydrogen generation (e.g., electrolyzers), membrane cell for chlor-alkali production, etc. A perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer with the trade name Nafion® developed by DuPont™ is the most widely used PEM in chlor-alkali cells and PEM fuel cells. Similar PFSA membranes have been developed by Dow Chemical, Asahi Glass, and lately Solvay Solexis. Frequently, such membranes serve the dual function of reactant separation and selective ionic conduction between two otherwise separate compartments. For some applications, the compromise of the “separation” function via the degradation and mechanical failure of the electrolyte membrane can be the life-limiting factor; this is particularly the case for PEM in hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells.
Reliability of Psychiatric Diagnosis Based on Checklist Criteria

The purpose of my talk today is to consider parameters of the polydiagnostic model that contribute to greater reliability and validity of diagnostic decisions. In so doing, I will mention briefly the particular data that we have used to examine these issues empirically; however, it is not the empirical results that I plan to discuss. The point that I would emphasize, instead, is that psychometric test theory has implications for reliability and validity issues related to psychiatric diagnosis. Ultimately, empirical studies can be used to corroborate conclusions drawn from test theory.
Abstract 2233: Breaking the obesity-cancer link: Nutritional modulation of inflammation and epigenetic reprogramming

Purpose: Obesity is associated with poorer breast cancer-specific survival, but there is limited and conflicting evidence to support recommendations of post-treatment weight loss for outcome improvement. Consequently, we have examined the reversibility of the procancer effects of obesity via weight loss using preclinical studies combined with transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were randomized to a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% kcal from fat) or diet-induced obesity (DIO, 60% kcal from fat) regimen. After 15 weeks, DIO mice were randomized to remain on DIO (Obese) or begin 1 of 4 weight loss diets: LFD (formerly obese, FOb), high-carb 30% calorie-restricted (HCCR), low-carb 30% CR (LCCR), or intermittent calorie restriction (ICR). ICR mice received a 70% CR diet 2 days/week. Control mice received the LFD throughout study. At week 25, mice were orthotopically injected with E0771 mouse mammary tumor cells, a model of basal-like breast cancer. All mice were euthanized when a tumor in 1 mouse reached 1.5 cm in diameter. Paired RNA sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) were performed on normal mammary tissue. Results: At study endpoint, Obese mice had a higher average body weight and body fat percent versus all other groups (P Conclusions: This study demonstrates that weight normalization does not reverse the effects of chronic obesity in a preclinical model of basal-like breast cancer, except when more severe weight loss is achieved via calorie restriction. Multiomic profiling of normal mammary tissue indicated a sustained dysregulation in the transcription and methylation of pro-growth and pro-inflammatory genes, relative to CR mice. Greater understanding of the mechanisms mediating obesity-induced epigenetic reprogramming will enable the development of specific treatment strategies to improve obese breast cancer patient outcomes. Citation Format: Laura W. Bowers, Shannon B. McDonell, Emily Rossi, Stephanie Montgomery, Joel Parker, Stephen D. Hursting. Breaking the obesity-cancer link: Nutritional modulation of inflammation and epigenetic reprogramming [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2233.