cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigating Clinical Trainee Development Through Item Analysis of Self-Reported Skills

Abstract While researchers have identified broad constructs such as amount of structure and support as important elements of the supervision process, this study describes a methodology for investigating more specific aspects of clinicians' development. Items on the self-report version of the Counselor Evaluation Rating Scale (CERS; Bensh-off & Thomas, 1992) and the Counseling Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE; Larson et al., 1992), completed by 131 beginning clinical trainees enrolled in a basic counseling course, were subjected to change-sensitive item analysis. The largest changes related to students' self-perceived credibility as a clinician, suggesting that this previously unrecognized element occupies a central role in beginners' development.
Procedure for the transfer of small discs of agar-containing media under sterile conditions and some applications of this technique (agar disc auxanography).

Abstract Small agar discs are formed and transferred under sterile conditions. This technique permits the efficient and versatile use of the petri plate when many growth conditions and (or) cultures are being examined.
Genetic variation and human disease: Linkage analysis: finding and mapping genes for quantitative traits

Segregation analysis provides evidence that a disease has a genetic causation, but this is only the beginning, since our real goal is to find the genes involved. An important objective is to map the genes to their chromosomal location. Modern molecular biology provides a rapidly increasing repertoire of methods for the physical mapping of genes. Genes can be isolated and cloned using many different techniques (e.g. see Appendix 1.2), and variants can be related to function and physiology both in experimental systems and in natural settings. Physical mapping will probably become the overwhelming method of choice for identifying human genes. That day is not yet here, however, and we currently still rely on statistical epidemiological methods. In some cases simple association studies will suffice, but usually we rely on linkage mapping methods. These take advantage of the fact that evolution has produced a genome consisting of genes concatenated on chromosomes. Probably we owe this arrangement to evolution by gene duplication and to the need to coordinate regulation {De Duve, 1991}. In any case, linkage mapping methods search for association relationships that are due to linkage, between genes that have already been mapped and genetically controlled phenotypes whose genes we have not yet identified. The bible on linkage mapping methods is the text by Ott {1991} {Conneally and Rivas, 1980; Lathrop and Lalouel, 1984; White and Lalouel, 1987}. These methods are so powerful that scarcely a week passes without their being used to map some new gene.
High-frequency, high-current transformer designs for Silicon Carbide based LLC converters

The introduction of 1200 V Silicon Carbide (SiC) based technologies has enabled the use of high performance LLC converters for high input voltage (>500 VDC) applications such as datacenter power conversion. In this paper, we describe performance of the magnetics for a 2 kW-level LLC converter, operating at 100 kHz with SiC devices. We present magnetics designed for high converter efficiencies (> 96%) at high-current outputs (65 A). We focus on the design considerations to minimize the leakage inductance of a center-tapped transformer with a high voltage transformation ratio. We present a variety of winding strategies and show the efficacy of a hybrid solution that combines foil windings with litz winding for the application described. We demonstrate the performance improvements through finite element simulations and measurements from several prototypes.
Opacity, coreference, and pronouns

The problem discussed here is to find a basis for a uniform treatment of the relation between pronouns and their antecedents, taking into account both linguists' and philosophers' approaches. The two main candidates would appear to be the linguists' notion of coreference and the philosophers' notion of pronouns as variables. The notion of coreference can be extended to many but not all cases where the antecedent is non-referential. The pronouns-as-variables approach appears to come closer to full generality, but there are some examples of ‘pronouns of laziness’ which appear to resist either of the two approaches.
Influence of sample number and biopsy site on the histologic diagnosis of diffuse lung disease.

Background. Although open biopsy is considered the optimal method for obtaining lung tissue for the diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative pulmonary disorders, there are no universally established guidelines concerning biopsy site selection and the ideal number of tissue samples. Relatively few investigations have been devoted to the influence exerted by the site and number of biopsy samples on the histologic diagnosis. Methods. Seventy-seven open biopsy samples obtained from different lobes of 28 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were analyzed. The histopathologic features were evaluated semiquantitatively and the results from each sample compared with those of the other samples obtained from each patient. Results. Statistically significant differences in histophatologic features were not observed between samples. Conclusions. A single generous (2 cm or greater diameter) sample, obtained from a representative region of the radiographically most involved lobe, will suffice for diagnostic and evaluation purposes.
A comparison of the technetium-labeled myocardial agents DiArs and DMPE to 201Tl in experimental animals.

Abstract The biodistribution, kinetics, imaging characteristics and blood flow correlations of 99 m Tc labeled DiArs and DMPE were studied. The mice biodistribution were compared to 201 Tl in mice and dogs, respectively. The myocardial kinetics of these agents were evaluated in normal and ischemic myocardium using miniaturized endocardial detectors. DiArs had a lower myocardial concentration (9.4 ± 0.8% dose/g at 1 min), than DMPE (11.7 ± 1.1% dose/g at 1 min) but both were considerably less than 201 Tl (23–26% dose/g at 1 min). The kinetic characteristic of both technetium labeled agents suggested that redistribution into ischemic myocardium would not take place, since the clearance rate from normal and ischemic myocardium was similar for both the DiArs and DMPE. The clear visualization of the canine myocardium after i.v. injection demonstrated the superiority of DMPE over DiArs and the potential use of these agents, if proven, to behave the same in human trials.
An Investigation of Sea Surface Temperature Influence on Microwave Refractivity: The Wallops-2000 Experiment

AbstractThe Wallops-2000 experiment took place in April and May 2000 in the vicinity of Wallops Island, Virginia, to collect high-resolution measurements of microwave propagation and coincident meteorological parameters in a complex coastal environment. These data are used in conjunction with a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model to examine the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) on microwave ducting. Analysis of time series of meteorological fields at the location of an instrumented buoy indicates reliable forecast skill. Statistics from vertical profiles and of derived ducting characteristics (duct frequency, duct strength, duct-base height, and duct thickness) show that the model reproduced observed duct characteristics with modest accuracy, allowing for a 3–6-h error in synoptic airmass transitions. In addition to the control run, two experiments are conducted to examine the impact of SST on ducting. In one experiment a climatological SST field is used, and in the other a diurnal variatio...
Idiopathic Transient Osteoporosis: A Hidden Cause of Hip Pain

Idiopathic transient osteoporosis must be considered in active young adult and middle-aged patients who have spontaneous joint pain with acute onset. This often debilitating condition most commonly affects the hip; it is then marked by pain that intensifies with weight bearing or hip rotation. The knee, ankle, or foot can also be affected. Delayed diagnosis is common, in part because of a lack of physician familiarity with the condition. Physical exam tests can reproduce pain, and scintigraphy and MRI can help narrow the differential. Treatment is typically supportive and includes pain relief and physical therapy to maximize function. Two case reports illustrate management of the condition.
Comparison of DSM-III separation anxiety and overanxious disorders: demographic characteristics and patterns of comorbidity.

Abstract In an initial empirical evaluation of the DSM-III diagnostic categories of separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and overanxious disorder (OAD), the demographic characteristics and patterns of comorbidity associated with the two anxiety diagnoses were examined and compared in a clinical sample of 69 children and adolescents. The two anxiety disorders differed on several dimensions: age, social class, and presence of a coexisting anxiety disorder. Children with SAD were younger and from families of lower socioeconomic status than children with OAD. Children with OAD were much more likely than children with SAD to present with an additional concurrent anxiety disorder, usually simple phobia or panic disorder. Results from this study support the DSM-III distinction between SAD and OAD.
Setting the cytokine trap for autoimmunity.

Agents that block the action of specific cytokines have changed the lives of many patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders. But frequent self-injections or injections by a physician during a clinic visit are required. Now a new class of anti-cytokine that may bypass such problems appears on the horizon ( pages 47–52 ).
Cognitive-Linguistic Demands and Speech Breathing

This investigation examined the influence of cognitive-linguistic processing demands on speech breathing. Twenty women were studied during performance of two speaking tasks that were designed to di...
Differential record linkage by Hispanic ethnicity and age in linked mortality studies: implications for the epidemiologic paradox.

Objectives: This study examines how the linkage of surveys to death records differs for Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites and how such differences affect estimates of ethnic differences in U.S. adu...
Periparturient Responses of Multiparous Holstein Cows Fed Different Dietary Phosphorus Concentrations Prepartum

Our objective was to compare the effects of different prepartum dietary phosphorus concentrations on periparturient metabolism and performance. Forty-two late pregnant multiparous Holstein cows were fed 0.21, 0.31, or 0.44% P (dry basis) for 4 wk before expected calving. After parturition, all cows were fed a common lactation diet (0.40% P). In the prepartum period, cows fed 0.21% P had lower blood serum P concentrations compared with cows fed 0.31 or 0.44% P. However, serum P concentrations of all cows were within the normal range (4 to 8 mg/dL) until the day of calving when average concentrations dropped below 4 mg/dL. From 3 to 14 d postpartum, serum P of cows fed 0.21% P was greater than that of cows fed 0.31 or 0.44% P. No cows presented with or were treated for clinical hypophosphatemia in the periparturient period. Total serum Ca was lower before calving through 2 d postpartum for cows fed 0.44% P compared with those fed 0.21 or 0.31%. Prepartum dietary P treatments did not alter blood osteocalcin, hydroxyproline, and deoxypyridinoline, indicators of bone metabolism, or concentrations of parathyroid hormone or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Energy-corrected milk yield and milk composition (first 28 d of lactation) were not affected by prepartum dietary P concentrations. It is concluded that feeding 0.21% P (34 g of P/cow daily) prepartum is adequate for periparturient multiparous Holstein cows with high metabolic demands and genetic potential for milk production. No adverse effects on periparturient health, dry matter intake, or 28-d lactation performance resulted.
Small nucleolar RNAs direct site-specific synthesis of pseudouridine in ribosomal RNA

Ten ACA yeast small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were shown to be required for site-specific synthesis of pseudouridine psi in ribosomal RNA. A common secondary folding motif for the snoRNAs and rRNA target segments predicts that site selection involves: (1) base pairing of the snoRNA with complementary rRNA elements flanking the site of modification, and (2) identification of a uridine located at a near-constant distance from the snoRNA ACA box. The model is supported by mutations showing that: (1) reducing the complementarity between the snoRNA and rRNA disrupts psi formation, and (2) altering the distance between the ACA box and target uridine causes an adjacent uridine to be modified. This discovery implies that most snoRNAs function in targeting nucleotide modification in rRNA: ribose methylation for the box C/D snoRNAs and psi formation for the ACA snoRNAs.
Growth of Turkeys.II. Relative Growth of the Tarsometatarsus

Abstract IN RECENT years much attention has been given to measurements of the tarsometatarsus of different species of poultry as a criterion of the comparative length of the bones of different birds and as a criterion of the growth of the skeleton in relation to the growth of the entire body (Lerner, 1941). The length of the tarsometatarsus has also been used to indicate differences in conformation of different strains of turkeys (Jaap, 1938). MATERIALS AND METHODS The problem is to determine whether the relative growth of the shank (tarsometatarsus) differs in the several strains available for study. The stock available comprised three strains of Bronze: A, an ordinary strain of medium-small size; B, an improved, somewhat larger strain; C, a broad-breasted, comparatively large strain—and other varieties with their hybrids as indicated in Table 1. The White and Black-winged Bronze were comparable in mature weight to Bronze Strain B, while . . .
Effect of Temperature and Pressure on the Electrical Resistance of Four Alkaline Earth Metals

The resistance of magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium have been measured to 600 kbar at temperatures from 77 to 296\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.Magnesium shows some shallow maxima and minima in resistance along an isotherm, but no striking features. Calcium has a phase transition at about 150 kbar to a semimetallic phase, and a second transition initiating near 300 kbar, to a metallic state. Strontium has a sharp maximum in resistance below 40 kbar. Near the maximum it may be a semimetal. There is then a phase transition to metallic phase.Barium exhibits a very sharp rise in resistance at 140 kbar at 296\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K (190 kbar at 197\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K). At 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K there is a transition at 240 kbar which is somewhat more sluggish. Isobars obtained on this high-pressure phase indicate a very sharp transition near 160\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The evidence indicates that barium is a liquid at high pressure above 160\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Pattern selection and tip perturbations in the Saffman-Taylor problem.

An analytic approach to the Saffman-Taylor problem of predicting the width of a viscous finger in a Hele-Shaw cell is presented. The first purpose is to provide a systematic description of the way in which the singular perturbation introduced by capillary forces leads to a solvability mechanism for pattern selection. It is then shown how recent experimental observations by Couder et al. (1986) may be interpreted in terms suggested by this mechanism.
Structure of Oxidized Polyacrylonitrile

CURRENT commercial methods for converting polyacrylonitrile based textile fibre to high elastic modulus carbon fibre usually1 but not essentially2 involve a first stage of heating to a temperature between 200 and 300° C in air. During this so-called preoxidation stage, a proportion of oxygen is taken into the modified polymer structure to produce a black, heat resistant fibre3.
INFLUENCE of 7S and 11S GLOBULINS ON the EXTRUSION PERFORMANCE of SOY PROTEIN CONCENTRATES

The 7S and 11S fractions of soy protein were isolated from soy flour and recombined with soy protein concentrate at various levels to modify their ratio in different formulations. the role of each fraction on the extrusion performance and texturization behavior of soy proteins was evaluated using twin-screw extrusion. Both 11S and 7S fractions were found to have significant influence on the degree of texturization of soy protein. In particular, the 11S protein appeared to favor expansion and water holding capacity of the finished product, while an 11S/7S ratio of 1.5 in the feed formulation resulted in a product with the best textural characteristics under the selected extrusion conditions investigated.
A failure analysis case study on a ruptured propane tank

Abstract A failure analysis investigation was conducted on a propane tank formerly contained in a motor vehicle. It had been reported that the subject tank had exploded causing loss of the vehicle and extensive personal property damage. The findings of this investigation reveal that the tank had been subjected to extremes in temperature prior to actual rupture. The thermal conditions external to the tank apparently induced propane tank leakage through the safety valve and ultimately overpressurized the tank inducing complete rupture of the longitudinal tank wall. The cause for the elevated temperature state was not determined. However, by the investigative techniques employed, it was confirmed that the tank rupture did not initiate the fire damage sustained by the vehicle and the other equipment.
Coronal identifications below 400 Å

Abstract The permitted line spectrum of the average corona at a typical temperature in the range of one to two million degrees falls in two main wavelength regions: 40–100 A for Δn = 1 transitions, and 170–400 A for Δn = 0 transitions. Active regions in the corona localized over sunspots produce a hotter, variable spectrum which lies predominantly below 20 A, characterized by the emission of helium-like ions. Solar flares produce a transient spectrum of highly stripped iron below 14 A. Remaining identification problems in the corona largely concern the spectra of iron in all its ion stages. (a) Laboratory analysis of Fe IV-VII, and observation of these ions on the sharp, inner face of the corona; (b) identification of 3p-4s, 4d and 3d-4f transitions of Fe and Ni between 50 and 100 A; (c) identification of the solar flare iron line emission between 10 and 14 A with the corresponding ion stages XIX through XXIV. Although identification of the solar abundant elements from C to Ni in the coronal spectrum is well advanced, detection of elements with solar abundance less than 10 − (relative to hydrogen) is very incomplete.
The Impact of Learning Communities for Students in Developmental Education: A Synthesis of Findings From Randomized Trials at Six Community Colleges.

Community colleges play a vital role in postsecondary education, enrolling more than one in every three postsecondary students. While their importance has grown over the past 50 years, their studen...
Longitudinal changes in triglycerides according to ANGPTL4[E40K] genotype and longitudinal body weight change in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.

Purpose Allelic variation in the adipokine angiopoietin-like 4 gene (ANGPTL4[E40 K]) has been cross-sectionally associated with triglycerides, but the effects of genotype, or the interaction between genotype and body weight, on longitudinal triglyceride change have not been studied. Methods Body weight, triglycerides, and ANGPTL4[E40 K] genotype were determined at baseline (1987–1989) and at 3 follow-up exams (1990–1992, 1993–1995, 1996–1998) in 7,939 white ANGPTL4[E40 K] G allele homozygotes and 344 A allele carriers. Changes in body weight and triglycerides were characterized as the difference between exam 4 and baseline measurements. Results ANGPTL4[E40 K] A allele carriers had triglyceride concentrations that were 15 to 18 mg/dL lower than G allele homozygotes at all exams (P Conclusions Differences in triglyceride concentrations between ANGPTL4[E40 K] A allele carriers and G allele homozygotes are maintained over time, but the degree of increase in triglycerides was similar between groups and was not modified by body weight changes.
Quantum SU(2) and Molecular Spectra

It is shown that in the quantum SU(2) analysis by Iwao of 6 Li 19 F rotational spectra, only the term of lowest order in the deformation parameter is significant. For each rotational series, the consistency in the deformation parameter calculated from different pairs of photon frequencies is remarkable
Assessing Forelimb Function after Unilateral Cervical SCI using Novel Tasks: Limb Step-alternation, Postural Instability and Pasta Handling

Cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI) can cause devastating neurological deficits, including impairment or loss of upper limb and hand function. A majority of the spinal cord injuries in humans occur at the cervical levels. Therefore, developing cervical injury models and developing relevant and sensitive behavioral tests is of great importance. Here we describe the use of a newly developed forelimb step-alternation test after cervical spinal cord injury in rats. In addition, we describe two behavioral tests that have not been used after spinal cord injury: a postural instability test (PIT), and a pasta-handling test. All three behavioral tests are highly sensitive to injury and are easy to use. Therefore, we feel that these behavioral tests can be instrumental in investigating therapeutic strategies after cSCI.
Role of cardiac- and myeloid-MyD88 signaling in endotoxin shock: a study with tissue-specific deletion models.

Background Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an adaptor molecule critical for host innate immunity. Studies have shown that signaling via MyD88 contributes to cytokine storm, cardiac dysfunction, and high mortality during endotoxin shock.However, the specific contribution of MyD88 signaling of immune and cardiac origins to endotoxin shock remains unknown. Methods Tissue-specific MyD88 deletion models: Cre-recombinase transgenic mice with α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) or lysozyme M promoters were cross-bred with MyD88-loxP (MyD88fl/fl) mice, respectively, to generate cardiomyocyte- (α-MHCMyD88−/−) or myeloid-specific (Lyz-MyD88−/−) MyD88 deletion models and their respective MyD88fl/fl littermates. Endotoxin shock model: Mice were subjected to 15 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (intraperitoneal injection). Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography and cytokines by multiplex assay and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results α-MHC-MyD88−/− mice had 61 and 87% reduction in MyD88 gene and protein expression in cardiomyocytes,respectively, whereas Lyz-MyD88−/− had 73 and 67% decrease, respectively, in macrophages (n=3 per group). After lipopolysaccharide treatment, the two groups of MyD88fl/fl littermates had 46% (n=10) and 60% (n=15) of mortality, respectively.Both α-MHC-MyD88−/− and Lyz-MyD88−/− mice had markedly improved survival. Compared with the MyD88fl/fl littermates, Lyz-MyD88−/− mice had warmer body temperature, attenuated systemic and cardiac inflammatory cytokine production,and significantly improved cardiac function, whereas α-MHC-MyD88−/− mice had decreased myocardial inducible nitricoxide synthase induction and modestly preserved cardiac function. Conclusions Both cardiomyocyte- and myeloid-MyD88 signaling play a role in cardiac dysfunction and mortality during endotoxin shock. Myeloid-MyD88 signaling plays a predominant role in systemic and cardiac inflammation after endotoxin challenge.
Portrayals of crime, race, and aggression in “reality‐based” police shows: A content analysis

A content analysis of “reality‐based” police shows (e.g., Cops.) was conducted to explore portrayals of crime, race, and aggression. Violent crime was overrepresented in the programs as was the percentage of crimes that were portrayed as solved. White characters were more likely to be portrayed as police officers than criminal suspects, whereas black and Hispanic characters were more likely to be portrayed as criminal suspects than police officers. Police officers were generally more likely to engage in aggressive behaviors than were criminal suspects, and black and Hispanic criminal suspects were more likely than white criminal suspects to be the recipient of unarmed physical aggression by police officers.
Biotinidase deficiency : the importance of adequate follow-up for an inconclusive newborn screening result

Biotinidase deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by inability to recycle protein-bound biotin. It usually presents with ataxia and seizures, though atypical presentations have also been described. We report a 15-month-old boy with profound biotinidase deficiency who presented with laryngeal stridor and subsequently developed severe ataxia and lactic acidosis. Subsequently, it was discovered that the patient’s newborn screening test for biotinidase activity had been inconclusive, but confirmatory testing had not been done. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple white matter non-enhancing T2 hyperintensities, which largely resolved following 6 months of biotin therapy; however, there was residual deafness and mental retardation. Conclusion:An argument is made for universal newborn screening in biotinidase deficiency and improved mechanisms for follow-up of positive screens, because delay in diagnosis results in irreversible morbidity, newborn screening is cost effective, and early therapy prevents the neurologic sequelae.
Moral distress in the third year of medical school; a descriptive review of student case reflections

BACKGROUND: Medical students may find certain clinical experiences particularly difficult. Moral distress occurs when a trainee sees a situation or behavior as undesirable, but, because of a position in the hierarchy, declines to address the problem. To prompt our students to reflect on such experiences, students are required to submit a brief case description and are assigned to mentor groups to discuss cases. METHODS: After exemption from our Institutional Review Board, a database of student submissions was de-identified. A total of 192 case descriptions were analyzed by a single reviewer to identify recurrent themes. Submissions were categorized in a binary fashion as higher or lower levels of distress. Frequency and correlation with levels of distress were assessed for each theme. RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of the submissions were classified as higher distress. Seven major themes were identified, the most common being problems of communication (n 179). Those students taking action correlated to lower distress. CONCLUSIONS: Our review shows that specific situations can be expected to generate moral distress in trainees. Addressing such distress may support the ongoing professional growth of trainees.
Bridging phenyl ligands. Unsaturated mercury-triosmium carbonyl cluster complexes containing bridging phenyl ligands

Abstract The gold phosphine group in the complex Os3(CO)10(μ-η1-Ph)(μ-AuPPh3), 1 can be replaced by mercury halide groups by reactions with mercury halides. The reaction of 1 with HgI2 yielded the new compound [Os3(CO)10(μ-η1-Ph)(μ-HgI)]4, 2 in 19% yield. The reaction of 1 with HgCl2 yielded the new compound Os4(CO)13(μ-η1-Ph)(μ-Cl)3, 3 in 18% yield. When heated to reflux in cyclohexane solvent, compound 2 was converted into the compound [Os3(CO)9(μ3-C6H4)(μ-H)(μ3-Hg)]2Os(CO)4, 4 in 11% yield. All new compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Compound 2 is a tetramer of the unit “Os3(CO)10(μ-η1-Ph)(μ-HgI)” that is held together by a cubane-like Hg4I4 core having D2 symmetry. Each triosmium cluster is formally electronically unsaturated and contains one edge-bridging phenyl ligand. Compound 3 contains a Os3(CO)10(μ-η1-Ph)(μ-Hg) cluster, but in this case the Hg atom bridges to an additional Os(CO)3 group via three bridging chloride ligands. Compound 4 contains two Os3(CO)9(μ3-C6H4)(μ-H)(μ3-Hg) clusters that are linked by a bridging Os(CO)4 group. Each Os3 cluster in 4 contains a triply bridging C6H4 benzyne ligand and one bridging hydrido ligand.
Subicular projections to the posterior cingulate cortex in rats

Abstract The subicular cortex and not Ammon's horn has been previously shown to receive afferents from the posterior cingulate cortex. Utilizing the techniques of horseradish peroxidase histochemistry and amino acid autoradiography we present evidence that in the rat the dorsal subicular cortex has a reciprocal connection with the posterior cingulate cortex. The prosubiculum has a small projection to the ventral portion of the retrosplenialis granularis. The presubiculum has the most massive projection to layers III (IV) of the retrosplenial is granularis which extends dorsally up to the border of the retrosplenialis agranularis. Relations of the presubicular component of the hippocampal formation with other components of the Papez circuit are discussed.
Converged close coupling calculations for V-V energy transfer: 2HF(v=1)→HF(v=2)+HF(v=0)

We report accurate dynamical calculations for V-V energy transfer in the collision of two HF(v=1) molecules for a realistic potential energy surface.
The Martian atmosphere: Some unanswered questions

The study of the Martian atmosphere and its significance for the possible origin of life on Mars is still very incomplete. Further investigations are needed to define the total volatile inventory, the early history of the atmosphere, and the relationship of the atmosphere to the question of indigenous life. In addition, studies of Venus, comets, and the Jupiter system will add significantly to our abilities to understand the early history of Mars.
Evaluating California local land use plan's environmental impact reports

Local land use planning has profound impacts on environmental quality; however, few empirical studies have been conducted to systematically measure local land use plans' environmental assessment quality and to identify the factors influencing it. This paper analyzes the quality of 40 Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs) of local jurisdictions' land use plans in California. A plan evaluation protocol defined by five core components and sixty-three indicators is developed to measure the quality of local land use plans' EIRs. The descriptive results indicate that the local jurisdictions produce relatively good quality on its EIRs, but there is still much room for improvement. There are large variations in the quality of EIRs across local jurisdictions. The regression results further highlight three major factors that can significantly influence local land use plan's EIR quality: number of planners, plan updating ability, and development pressure.
Ocular Allergy Overview

The prevalence of ocular allergy clearly is underappreciated and has been under diagnosed and undertreated. The ocular symptoms associated with the most common ocular allergy conditions, such as seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, are twice as likely to affect the allergy sufferer rather than nasal symptoms alone. The differential diagnosis of conjunctivitis is quite broad, with the most common forms associated with allergies, infections, and hormones. There are common features and some discerning features that, with a good history and examination, may provide a more focused and appropriate management.
Chromosomes and DNA of Mus: Terminal DNA synthetic sequences in three species

The DNA replication patterns of the terminal S phase of three species of Mus were analyzed by tritiated thymidine autoradiography. The centromeric heterochromatin of M. fulvidiventris is the latest component to finish DNA synthesis. The Y chromosome finishes replication earlier than the centromeric heterochromatin. The centromeric heterochromatin of M. musculus, on the other hand, is not the latest component to finish DNA synthesis. At the very late S phase, grains are found in the euchromatic arms instead of the heterochromatic areas. The “hot X” and the “hot Y” can be identified in the majority of, but not all, cases. The heterochromatic short arms of the autosomes in M. dunni finish DNA replication earlier than many areas in the euchromatic long arms and the heterochromatin of the sex chromosomes. This indicates that in M. dunni there are at least two types of heterochromatin. The late-replicating zones in the euchromatic long arms are distinctly banded. This banded grain pattern can be seen in all Mus species observed, but in M. dunni it is most exaggerated. Late-replicating chromosome segments can be demonstrated also by 2+ cycles of BUdR incorporation and Giemsa staining.
Second Harmonic Super-resolution Microscopy for Quantification of mRNA at Single Copy Sensitivity

Cell-specific information on the quantity and localization of key mRNAs at single copy sensitivity in single cells is critical for evaluating basic cellular process, disease risk, and efficacy of therapy. Quantification of overexpressed mRNAs beyond the diffraction limit is constrained by the optical property of the probes and microscopy techniques. In this report, nanosized barium titanium oxide (BaTiO3, BTO) crystals were utilized as probes for mRNA quantification by a second harmonic super-resolution microscopy (SHaSM). The SHaSM was able to detect a single copy of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) mRNA at a resolution of 55.6 nm with the ability to resolve multiple mRNA copies in a diffraction-limited spot. Her2 mRNA per cell was counted in SK-BR-3, MCF-7, and HeLa cell lines as 595 ± 79.1, 38.9 ± 8.26, and 1.5 ± 2.8, respectively. Our single-cell quantification results were validated with the fluorescence in situ hybridization studies and quantitative PCR, showing better specificity...
Pairwise edge disjoint shortest paths in the n-cube

Complexity issues intrinsic to certain fundamental data dissemination problems in high-performance network topologies are discussed. In particular, we study the p-pairwise edge disjoint shortest paths problem. An efficient algorithm for the case when every source point is at a distance at most two from its target is presented and for pairs at a distance at most three we show that the problem is NP-complete.
Relationships between relative crop yields, soil test phosphorus levels, and fertilizer requirements for phosphorus

Abstract More uniformity in methods of deriving fertilizer P recommendations from crop response data should improve accuracy and precision of fertilization rates. Experimental data that relate crop yields to soil test levels and describe the effect of fertilizer P on soil test levels provide the basis for determining fertilization rates for specific crop‐soil situations. A modification of the Mitscherlich equation was used in derivation of a new equation for calculating fertilizer P requirements as a function soil test levels of P. The equation was applied to response data for 4 crops. Response curves and fertilizer requirements as calculated for corn, soybeans, alfalfa, and clover‐grass indicated that soybeans yielded relatively more than the other three crops at low soil test levels of P. Corn and alfalfa required higher soil test levels to reach 95% maximum yield and required higher rates of fertilizer P when initial test levels were low.
Inclined-epitaxy of β-SiC on Si(n11) substrates (n = 3, 4, 5, 6) by chemical vapor deposition

Epitaxial growth of β-SiC on Si(n11)(n = 3, 4, 5, 6) has been carried out. Single-crystalline β-SiC films are grown by chemical vapor deposition using SiH4 and C3H8 gases. The epitaxial relations are determined using X-ray precession camera and 4-circle X-ray diffractometer. It was found that the orientations of the β-SiC films are inclined at small angles with respect to the substrates, which should be compared with parallel epitaxial growth on Si(100) and Si(111).
A Neurobehavioral Intervention Incorporated into a State Early Intervention Program is Associated with Higher Perceived Quality of Care Among Parents of High-Risk Newborns

The purpose of this study is to compare two models of early intervention (EI) service delivery—a neurobehavioral intervention and usual care—on parents' perceived quality of EI service delivery. Families of newborns referred to EI were randomly assigned to a neurobehavioral intervention or usual care group and followed until the infant was 12 weeks corrected gestational age. The intervention group (n = 25) received a weekly neurobehavioral intervention. The usual care group (n = 13) received standard weekly home visits. Mothers completed the Home Visiting Index (HVI) measuring the quality of EI service delivery. Mixed linear regression was used to examine group differences in quality scores. The intervention group reported higher quality of care related to facilitating optimal parent–infant social interaction (mean difference = 2.17, 95% CI: 0.41, 3.92).A neurobehavioral model of service delivery can be successfully integrated into EI programming and appears to be associated with higher parent-reported perceived quality.
Cigarette smoking, not carbon monoxide, is the problem.

To the Editors: The article by Sheps and coworkers (1) and the accompanying editorial by Waiden and Gottlieb (2) are of interest and raise several questions for possible scientific study. I believe...
Electronically monitored labial dabbing and stylet 'probing' behaviors of brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, in simulated environments.

Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal), (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive polyphagous agricultural and urban nuisance pest of Asian origin that is becoming widespread in North America and Europe. Despite the economic importance of pentatomid pests worldwide, their feeding behavior is poorly understood. Electronically monitored insect feeding (EMIF) technology is a useful tool in studies of feeding behavior of Hemiptera. Here we examined H. halys feeding behavior using an EMIF system designed for high throughput studies in environmental chambers. Our objectives were to quantify feeding activity by monitoring proboscis contacts with green beans, including labial dabbing and stylet penetration of the beans, which we collectively define as ‘probes’. We examined frequency and duration of ‘probes’ in field-collected H. halys over 48 hours and we determined how environmental conditions could affect diel and seasonal periodicity of ‘probing’ activity. We found differences in ‘probing’ activity between months when the assays were conducted. These differences in activity may have reflected different environmental conditions, and they also coincide with what is known about the phenology of H. halys. While a substantial number of ‘probes’ occurred during scotophase, including some of the longest mean ‘probe’ durations, activity was either lower or similar to ‘probing’ activity levels during photophase on average. We found that temperature had a significant impact on H. halys ‘probing’ behavior and may influence periodicity of activity. Our data suggest that the minimal temperature at which ‘probing’ of H. halys occurs is between 3.5 and 6.1°C (95% CI), and that ‘probing’ does not occur at temperatures above 26.5 to 29.6°C (95% CI). We estimated that the optimal temperature for ‘probing’ is between 16 and 17°C.
Fever in the monkey produced by the direct action of pyrogen on the hypothalamus

Eine dosisabhangige Steigerung der Korpertemperatur wurde erzielt, wenn Pyrogen-Substanzen aus verschiedenen gram-negativen Bakterienstammen stereotaktisch in den Hypothalamus nicht narkotisierter Affen injiziert wurden.
Fat and Fried: Linking Land Use Law, The Risks of Obesity, and Climate Change

Among the major immediate risks faced by the United States are the increasing rate of obesity of its population and a wide range of potential adverse climate change impacts such as the rising of sea levels, which could result in more extreme flooding and droughts. 2 This article draws from the growing interest in the law and policy of disaster response and risk response 3 generated in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Its focus is the use of law to induce the adaptation of societal behavior to minimize the long-term costs of the two serious risks 4 rather than on post-disaster relief. Specifically, this a rticle examines how one set of policy instruments, land use planning and regulation, can help to minimize the costs of these inevitable risks. Obesity and global climate change are here, although their specific impacts are still hard to predict. The basic argument is that spatial planning may help mitigate the two risks and the costs associated with them, even though spatial planning and land use regulation are relatively limited policy instruments to deal with these maddeningly complex social and political problems for two primary reasons. First, the law faces structural barriers; in the main, land use law is designed to produce a “one-off” solution to mitigate a nuisance-like use rather than to produce long-term substantive results. Second, efforts to induce behavioral change challenge the deep-seated value of freedom to live where and how one wants as the quote from the director of disaster relief in Kansas indicates. Nonetheless, the effort is worth making as there are clear links between land use regulation and these two risks.
Ultimate criteria for materials with different properties in biaxial tension and compression : a micromechanical approach

Abstract In a previous communication to this journal, the authors introduced a micromechanical method for developing ultimate-state, plane stress criteria, which was in turn based on the doublet-mechanical theory of solids. In this article, doublet mechanics is employed to derive microstructurally based yield and failure criteria containing four dimensionless parameters. This permits the exact representation of five independent ultimate plane stress states: uniaxial tension and compression, pure shear, and equibiaxial (hydrostatic) tension and compression. The novel criteria are shown to be successfully applicable to a variety of macroscopically continuous solids, including cast iron and several alloys, as well as to discontinua such as plain and short-steel-fiber reinforced concrete.
Hyperketonemia (acetoacetate) upregulates NADPH oxidase 4 and elevates oxidative stress, ICAM-1, and monocyte adhesivity in endothelial cells

Background/Aims: The incidence of developing microvascular dysfunction is significantly higher in type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients. Hyperketonemia (acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate) is frequently found along with hyperglycemia in T1D. Whether hyperketonemia per se contributes to the excess oxidative stress and cellular injury observed in T1D is not known. Methods: HUVEC were treated with ketones in the presence or absence of high glucose for 24 h. NOX4 siRNA was used to specifically knockdown NOX4 expression in HUVEC. Results: Ketones alone or in combination with high glucose treatment cause a significant increase in oxidative stress, ICAM-1, and monocyte adhesivity to HUVEC. Using an antisense approach, we show that ketone induced increases in ROS, ICAM-1 expression, and monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells were prevented in NOX4 knockdown cells. Conclusion: This study reports that elevated levels of ketones upregulate NOX, contributing to increased oxidative stress, ICAM-1 levels, and cellular dysfunction. This provides a novel biochemical mechanism that elucidates the role of hyperketonemia in the excess cellular injury in T1D. New drugs targeting inhibition of NOX seems promising in preventing higher risk of complications associated with T1D.
Cholecystokinin provocation HIDA test.

We would actually agree with Dr. Zuckier that there isextensive literature on this topic. Clearly though, wedisagree that it is conclusive or can definitively guideclinical practice. There are numerous technical variations indosing the provoking agents and outcome measures. Ourdata are not the first to suggest the value of symptomprovocation in discriminating patients with and withoutacalculous biliary disease. Dr. Zuckier cites Smythe andcolleagues as evidence against provocation testing; yet,their patients with positive CCK provocation showed that80% experienced symptom relief with cholecystectomy.
WRITING NEATNESS, COMPOSITION ERRORS, AND ESSAY GRADES

Twelve forms of an essay exam, identical in content but differing in writing neatness and types of composition errors, were graded by 420 prospective teachers. The results indicate that: (a) an essay response containing either 18 spelling errors or 18 grammar errors will be assigned significantly lower grades than the same response containing no gross composition errors; and (b) a good handwritten essay response will be assigned significantly higher grades than a fair handwritten response. Of particular interest was this latter result and the lack of significance between the mean grades assigned to the poor handwritten and typewritten forms and the mean grades assigned to the other writing forms. Furthermore, there was not a significant interaction effect between composition errors and writing neatness.
The Cost of Nurse-Sensitive Adverse Events

Objective:The aim of this study was to describe the methodology for nursing leaders to determine the cost of adverse events and effective levels of nurse staffing.Background:The growing transparency of quality and cost outcomes motivates healthcare leaders to optimize the effectiveness of nurse staf
Resolution of autoimmune hemolytic anemia following splenectomy in CD3+ large granular lymphocyte leukemia.

A 24 year old female with a 4 year history of anemia and absolute lymphocytosis was evaluated and found to have T cell large granular lymphocyte (T-LGL) leukemia associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, neutropenia, mild thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly. In an effort to ameliorate her symptomatic cytopenias, she was treated with prednisone and subsequently methotrexate without success. In February 1993, she underwent splenectomy for symptomatic anemia. Splenectomy resulted in an increased hemoglobin concentration to normal levels, resolution of all laboratory evidence of hemolysis, and disappearance of thrombocytopenia. This response has been durable despite persistence of the abnormal LGL clone. We suggest that splenectomy may be an effective treatment for autoimmune hemolytic anemia and/or thrombocytopenia often associated with T-LGL leukemia. As this disease often exhibits a chronic clinical course with morbidity resulting from consequences of resultant cytopenias rather than visceral involvement ...
Two simple calculations on the gross movements of human spermatozoa on the cervical surface

Abstract In connection with the Sims-Huhner postcoital test for determining minimal levels of male fertility, calculations for the number of human spermatozoa passing through the cervical os are made for two models of cervical geometry and for the diffusion of spermatozoa in cervical mucus. The simpler one of the two models in which linear trajectories of noninteracting bodies are assumed leads to closed form solutions, and the more complicated model which is based on random walking and the diffusion process yields moderately involved Bessel expansions whose evaluation is relatively interesting. Numerical examples and graphs of the solutions are presented.