cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enable 3A in AIS

Advances in computer technology have made it possible to intrepidly identify and classify human emotions. While this technology has matured, only a few applications have appeared using this technology in advanced learning environments. Imagine, if you will, the existence of an application of Adaptive Instructional System (AIS), such as an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), that would be able to understand when a learner is sad, disengaged, or any other emotional state desired to track. There is a huge potential of this for improving an AIS system’s feedback or interventions. Our team has developed the advanced technology for a quick-acting emotion-tracking system that is easy to use for an internet-based ITS. An ITS is able to incorporate this revolutionary feature by being aware of content, context, and the user’s emotion state. In fact most of the mobile apps are currently tracking these three awareness by utilizing available sensors as audio, video, and inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors. Learning applications would be more efficient if they are integrated with these three awareness (3A) [3].
Understanding social adversity and stress and mood symptoms: The Bayesian network approach.

Social adversity events commonly occur in our daily lives. However, an individual’s perception of social adversity experienced may be more important than actual events in impacting an individual’s ...
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of LB-PBF AlSi10Mg and Scalmalloy

Laser beam powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) process is an attractive additive manufacturing (AM) technology that is applicable for numerous metallic alloying systems. Recently, aluminium (Al) alloys such as AlSi10Mg and Scalmalloy have received a lot of attention from AM processes because of their promising mechanical properties. This study endeavours to investigate and develop suitable heat treatment processes to optimize the mechanical properties of these Al alloys by LB-PBF and provide a better understanding of their process-structure–property relations. The effects of heat treatments on the microstructure have been studied using optical microscopy as well as microhardness measurements. Furthermore, the uniaxial tensile properties of both alloys have been tested in various heat treatment conditions. LB-PBF Scalmalloy shows a hardening mechanical response relative to its initial as-built (AB) properties while LB-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy shows a softening mechanical behaviour as compared with its AB condition.
8.07 – 1,2-Thiazines and their Benzo Derivatives

1,2-Thiazines are six-membered heterocyclic rings composed of four contiguous carbon atoms along with adjacent sulfur and nitrogen atoms. The nomenclature of 1,2-thiazines is complicated by various degrees of saturation of the ring atoms, double-bond regioisomers, and the multiple oxidation states of sulfur. A majority of the compounds encountered in this class of heterocycles exist as dioxides at sulfur. Particularly prevalent monocyclic compounds include the dihydro-1,2-thiazine 1,1-dioxides, tetrahydro-1,2-thiazine 1,1-dioxides, and 3,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazine 1-oxides. Recently, chemistry has been developed to synthesize the tetrahydro-1,2-thiazine 1,1-dioxide subclass via a transition metal-mediated C–H insertion reaction. A catalytic, asymmetric hetero-Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction of N-sulfinylimine dienophiles with dienes has recently been developed for formation of enantiomerically enriched 3,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazine 1-oxides. Fully conjugated 1,2-thiazines have been prepared with both S(ii) and S(vi) oxidation states. The fused benzo derivatives of 1,2-thiazines are of great commercial importance due to their potent biological activity. Extensive studies have been performed on the synthesis and reactivity of these benzo derivatives. The most biologically active members of the benzothiazines, the oxicams, have a 1,2-benzothiazine 1,1,4-trioxide structure. The focus of this chapter is to update the literature from 1996 to 2006 on the physical and structural-properties, preparation, and applications of the 1,2-thiazines and their benzo derivatives.
Dynamics and impacts of transposable element proliferation during the Drosophila nasuta species group radiation

Transposable element (TE) mobilization is a constant threat to genome integrity. Eukaryotic organisms have evolved robust defensive mechanisms to suppress their activity, yet TEs can escape suppression and proliferate, creating strong selective pressure for host defense to adapt. This genomic conflict fuels a never-ending arms race that drives the rapid evolution of TEs and recurrent positive selection of genes involved in host defense; the latter has been shown to contribute to postzygotic hybrid incompatibility. However, how TE proliferation impacts genome and regulatory divergence remains poorly understood. Here, we report the highly complete and contiguous (N50=33.8Mb - 38.0Mb) genome assemblies of seven closely-related Drosophila species that belong to the nasuta species group - a poorly studied group of flies that radiated in the last 2 million years. We constructed a high quality de novo TE library and gathered germline RNA-seq data, which allowed us to comprehensively annotate and compare insertion patterns between the species, and infer the evolutionary forces controlling their spread. We find a strong negative association between TE insertion frequency and expression of genes nearby; this likely reflects survivor-bias from reduced fitness impact of TE inserting near lowly expressed, non-essential genes, with limited TE-induced epigenetic silencing. Phylogenetic analyses of insertions of 147 TE families reveal that 53% of them show recent amplification in at least one species. The most highly amplified TE is an non-autonomous DNA element DINE which has gone through multiple bouts of expansions with thousands of full length copies littered throughout each genome. Across all TEs, we find that TEs expansions are significantly associated with high expression in the expanded species consistent with suppression escape. Altogether, our results shed light on the heterogenous and context-dependent nature in which TEs affect gene regulation and the dynamics of rampant TE proliferation amidst a recently radiated species group.
The Origin of Language: An Anthropological Approach

Language is a highly specialized mode of referencing, i.e., of referring to objects, processes and relations in the physical and the social worlds. It is a capacity, however, that is ultimately dependent on the capacity of the human visual system for differentiating certain classes or types of objects, categories, processes and relations. Most studies of language have dealt with the specialized neurology and structures of language perception and production with little regard for the non-linguistic cognitive and perceptual capacities that ultimately make language effective as a cultural, referential mode.
Chapter 19 Human herpesvirus-6 and HIV-1 infection

Publisher Summary Since the discovery of HHV-6, attempts have been made to determine what role it plays in the progressive destruction of the immune system by the HIV-1 virus. Studies have been equally disappointing in helping to define the role of HHV-6 in HIV-1 infections. Studies have shown that HHV-6 and HIV-1 could infect the same cell. HHV-6-infected cells could be dually infected with HIV-1. HIV-1 accelerates the cytopathic effect produced by HHV-6 in chimpanzee cells. Conflicting results have shown that at relatively low levels of infectivity of both HHV-6 and HIV-1, HHV-6 suppresses HIV-1 expression. It was also felt that intracellular changes induced by HHV-6 might act to inhibit the production of HIV-1 in dual infection. This suggests that inhibitory effect of HHV-6 on HIV-1 might be mediated by an immediate–early or an early gene product of HHV-6, which is suppressed by ganciclovir.
The Fungal Genetics Stock Center: from molds to molecules.

Publisher Summary The chapter provides the chronology, organization, context, and holdings of Fungal Genetics Stock Center (FGSC). The establishment of FGSC offered the surety that the same strains could be used by researchers in different places and times. The FGSC, which began as a specialized repository for Neurospora and Aspergillus mutants, has grown to hold over 16,000 fungal strains as well as a variety of molecular-genetics tools. The FGSC has expanded to include a variety of different fungi—including Magnaporthe and Fusarium— and is part of the Magnaporthe genome and knockout projects. The FGSC serves as a central clearing house for information in fungal genetics and has a role in facilitating meetings of the Neurospora and fungal genetics communities. The FGSC is a model for the development of a culture collection much as Neurospora serves as a model organism. The primary means of preserving cultures has been to store them in anhydrous silica gel. This has proven to be a very robust technique, and stocks that were preserved in the early days of the FGSC are still viable.
Using an Augmented Revelation Mechanism to Resolve Tacit Collusion in Auditing

This paper reexamines the problem of multiple equilibria in an audit setting. When both the manager and the auditor are subject to moral hazard and truth-telling problems, one undesirable equilibrium that may arise results in both parties exerting low effort and reporting high output, interpreted here as tacit collusion. The Ma, Moore and Turnbull (1988) augmented revelation mechanism is used to remove the undesirable equilibrium. To keep the mechanism simple, only one agent (the manager) is given an expanded message space.
Evaluation of a point-of-care coagulation analyzer (Abaxis VSPro) for identification of coagulopathies in dogs.

Objective To evaluate the ability of the Abaxis VSPro, a point-of-care analyzer that measures prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), to identify dogs with coagulopathies caused by administration of anticoagulants. Setting Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals Six healthy adult dogs that are part of a preexisting research colony. One dog was not included in the warfarin portion of the study. Measurements and Main Results Unfractionated heparin (UFH, 50 U/kg IV once then 300 U/kg SQ q 8 h) was administered to prolong aPTT. Citrated whole blood was used for PT and aPTT analyses with the VSPro and were run in duplicate. The VSPro results were compared to PT and aPTT measured in plasma with a standard benchtop coagulometer (AMAX Destiny). A washout period of at least 24 hours followed. Once dogs had normal PT and aPTT values, warfarin was administered (0.25–0.30 mg/kg PO) once then (0.15 mg/kg PO) as needed up to every 12 hours to prolong PT values. Seventy separate samples were evaluated for PT and 73 samples for aPTT. Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) for replicate VSPro measures of PT and aPTT were 0.941 and 0.891, respectively (P < 0.001). The PCC between VSPro and AMAX was 0.578 for PT and of 0.865 for PTT (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated a maximum sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of coagulopathy (by AMAX) at VSPro PT value of 21.6 seconds (sensitivity 72%, specificity 86%) and a maximum sensitivity and specificity at VSPro aPTT of 105.3 seconds (sensitivity 93%, specificity 89%). The positive predictive value for PT and aPTT were 84% and 89%, respectively. Conclusions The Abaxis VSPro showed acceptable correlation with clinical laboratory tests, and is a useful POC device for identification of animals with abnormalities in PT or aPTT.
A conceptual model of counterterrorist operations

This paper describes the development of the Conceptual Model of Counter Terrorist Operations or the CMCTO. The CMCTO is a top down decomposition of the functions that are performed in the Counter Terrorist Domain. The models first decomposes the domain into Functions directed toward terrorists; Functions directed toward victims; and, Functions of support. Each of these functions is further decomposed to varying levels. The paper also includes a comprehensive review of the literature and of the process used.
Translation of the genetic message. VII. Role of initiation factors in formation of the chain initiation complex with Escherichia coli ribosomes.

Abstract Washing of Escherichia coli Q13 ribosomes with 1.0 m ammonium chloride yields, in addition to the known initiation factors F 1 and F 2 , a third factor F 3 . All three factors are required for translation of natural messenger RNA (mRNA), e.g., phage RNA, in the cell-free E. coli system. They function in formation of the polypeptide chain initiation complex. Incubation of purified ribosomes with 32 P-labeled Qβ phage RNA and methionine- 14 C-labeled formylmethionyl-transfer RNA, at low magnesium ion concentrations, followed by zonal centrifugation analysis in sucrose gradients, showed that formation of the initiation complex involves at least two steps: (1) The F 3 -dependent binding of mRNA to the ribosome, and (2) the F 2 -dependent binding of formylmethionyl-transfer RNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex to form the initiation complex proper.
Mitigation of blast and impact loading via the use of a zeolite-absorbent/nano-fluidics protection system

Purpose – In the present work, a new blast-/ballistic-impact mitigation concept is introduced and its efficacy analyzed using advanced computational methods and tools. The concept involves the use of a zeolite protective layer separated by air from the structure being protected and in contact with a water layer in front. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – To properly capture the attendant nano-fluidics phenomena, all the calculations carried out in the present work involved the use of all-atom molecular-level equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations. Findings – Under high-rate loading, water molecules (treated as a nano-fluidic material) are forced to infiltrate zeolite nanopores wherein, due to complex interactions between the hydrophobic nanopore walls and the hydrogen bonds of the water molecules, water undergoes an ordering-type phase transition and acquires high density, while a significant portion of the kinetic energy of the water molecules i...
An Economic Theory of the Evolution of Governance and the Emergence of the State

Individual's desires to expand wealth in the face of scarcity underlie the evolution of rules and in- stitutions of governance, as individuals attempt to reduce the transactions costs that impede coordination and motivation in an uncertain world. Some wealth-seeking individuals have or develop comparative advantages in violence, however, and behavioral rules and governing institutions may evolve to coordinate joint production of extortion too. The process by which such institutions evolve into a state is discussed. To illustrate the plausibility of this theory, various historical and modern state and non-state governance institutions are shown to be consistent with it.
The adoption of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems

A representative sample of 60 firms drawn from the Fortune 1000 that had recently adopted Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems were used to test a model of weak appropriation with significant results. Leadership (social learning theory), business process reengineering (change the company not the technology) and acquisition strategy (buy, don't make), controlling for EDI (electronic data interchange), when the project was begun, industry (manufacturing versus service) and scale (sales) and were found to be significant predictors of adoption performance (final model R-square=43%, F=5.5, p<.001, df=7,52). In general, strong, hands-on leadership, and business process re-engineering coupled with purchasing ERP systems was found to be a much more effective adaptation strategy than tailoring enterprise software.
ARYL HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE INDUCTION BY BENZO[a]ANTHRACENE: REGULATORY GENE LOCALIZED TO THE DISTAL PORTION OF MOUSE CHROMOSOME 17

Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase inducibility by benzo[a]anthracene was studied in 29 somatic cell hybrid clones, developed by fusing mouse spleen or peritoneal cells from four different inbred strains with hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient Chinese hamster E36 cells. Karyotype analysis plus 25 markers assigned to 16 autosomes and the X chromosome were examined. In 28 of the 29 clones, the presence or absence of inducibility is associated with the presence or absence, respectively, of mouse chromosome 17. Liver microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction by 3-methylcholanthrene or benzo[a]anthracene was assessed in appropriate backcrosses with the Mus musculus molossinus, M. m. castaneus, MOR/Cv, PL/J, SM/J and DBA/2J inbred strains and in 13 NX8 recombinant inbred lines. Twenty-seven biochemical genetic markers representing all but four autosomes were tested for possible linkage with the hydroxylase inducibility, and no linkage was found. The hepatic Ah receptor was quantitated in 26 BXD recombinant inbred lines; the Ah phenotype did not match exactly any of the more than 70 genes with established strain distribution patterns representing 12 autosomes and at least five unlinked markers. It is concluded that a major gene controlling aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility by benzo[a]anthracene is located on chromosome 17. Because there is no significant linkage with any of three biochemical markers in the upper third of the chromosome, we conclude that the inducibility gene is located in the distal 40% of mouse chromosome 17. Whether this trait represents the Ah locus, i.e., the gene encoding the cytosolic Ah receptor, will require further study.
Removal of Potential Phosphorylation Sites does not Alter Creatine Transporter Response to PKC or Substrate Availability

Background: Creatine, Phosphocreatine, and creatine kinases, constitute an energy shuttle that links ATP production in mitochondria with cellular consumption sites. Myocytes and neurons cannot synthesize creatine and depend on uptake across the cell membrane by a specialized transporter to maintain intracellular creatine levels. Although recent studies have improved our understanding of creatine transport in cardiomyocytes, the structural elements underlying the creatine transporter protein regulation and the relevant intracellular signaling processes are unknown. Methods: The effects of pharmacological activation of kinases or phosphatases on creatine transport in cardiomyocytes in culture were evaluated. Putative phosphorylation sites in the creatine transporter protein were identified by bioinformatics analyses, and ablated using site-directed mutagenesis. Mutant transporter function and their responses to pharmacological PKC activation or changes in creatine availability in the extracellular environment, were evaluated. Results: PKC activation decreases creatine transport in cardiomyocytes in culture. Elimination of high probability potential phosphorylation sites did not abrogate responses to PKC activation or substrate availability. Conclusion: Modulation of creatine transport in cardiomyocytes is a complex process where phosphorylation at predicted sites in the creatine transporter protein does not significantly alter activity. Instead, non-classical structural elements in the creatine transporter and/or interactions with regulatory subunits may modulate its activity.
A tunable dual-band square slot antenna with stub for DCS, ISM, and WiMAX applications

This paper presents the design and parametric study of a tunable dual band square slot antenna with stub for DSC, ISM, and WiMAX applications. This dual band antenna has an ability to be tuned to any of the mentioned bands, according to the required applications, depending on the length of square side and the stub. The overall size of the designed antenna is 50mm × 50mm. The antenna has been etched to an epoxy FR4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. A parametric study has been presented for the stub. The design equation for the lower band and the design curve for the upper band are obtained. The resulted radiation patterns have been shown for different frequencies which give the antenna a good characteristic to be candidate as a dual-band antenna for the aforementioned applications. A commercial High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), ver. 15, has been used to analyze the design parameters.
Enchanting Panics and Obeah Anxieties: Concealing and Disclosing Eastern Caribbean Witchcraft

SUMMARY Between 1999 and 2001 on the eastern Caribbean island of Dominica, there were several panics revolving around the suspected use of Obeah, a form of Caribbean witchcraft/sorcery. My interest in Caribbean witchcraft was in fact catalyzed by one such event: a witchcraft scare in Dominica's secondary schools in mid-1999. Some terrified parents had pulled their teenage children out of school, influenced by rumors that certain students intended to “sacrifice virgins” at a mass ritual. The timing of these panics was not incidental. Rather, the accusations coincided with the devastation of the eastern Caribbean economies by a series of foreign interventions: a WTO ruling that destroyed the market for their principal export crop, an Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development “blacklist” that decimated financial industries, and the failing of the tourism industries before and after 9/11. Accusations of witchcraft were a culturally logical response to socioeconomic anxieties. However, until this article, I never documented the school panics. Several of my closest interlocutors had been among the principal persons accused in these scares, and I had been concerned about maintaining their anonymity (even of those who had not been accused). Moreover, my interlocutors pleaded with me not to publish these events, arguing it would confer a sense of backwardness and exoticism that would damage the nation's image at a time when it was struggling to adapt to the global economy. In this article, I examine the reasons for previously concealing this information and the cultural logic behind disclosing it now.
The number of critical points of a product of powers of linear functions

be the complement of .A. Given a complex n-vector 2 = (21,...,2n) E Cn, consider the multivalued holomorphic function defined on M by Studying Bethe vectors in statistical mechanics, A. Varchenko [18] conjectured that for generic 2 all critical points of qS;~ are nondegenerate and the number of critical points is equal to the absolute value of the Euler characteristic of M,)~(M). He proved the conjecture for complexified real arrangements in [18]. A similar result was known to K. Aomoto [1, Example 1] who stated without proof that for positive 2 the number of critical points of ~b;. equals the number of bounded components of the complement of the real arrangement. See [2, Theorem 4.4.1.1] for details. In this paper we prove Varchenko's conjecture for all arrangements. More generally we give a formula for the number of critical points of the multivalued holomorphic function
SPECULATIONS ON THE FUTURE OF TEST DESIGN

Abstract : The paper discusses the potential benefits of integrating technology, cognitive science, and psychometric theory. It is argued that even though adaptive testing, as currently implemented, is an important achievement, it will be necessary to pay close attention to the psychological foundation of tests to continue advancing the state of the art. Such an effort requires construct validation in the broadest sense, as well as focusing on items and why they differ with respect to psychometric parameters, specially difficulty. This approach opens the possibility of generating items with better control of their psychometric characteristics and ultimately the development of computer-based tests that are solidly anchored in psychological theory. (Author)
A note on L1 density estimation for linear processes

In this paper, we consider the L1 performance of a kernel estimator, f^n of the density of a linear process Xt∑∞k=0akZt−k, a0 = 1, where {Zt} is a sequence of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables with E|Z1|e 1, and {ak} is a sequence of reals converging to zero at a certain rate. Asymptotic minimizations of the integrated L1 risk of fn and its upper bounds are considered. This paper extends the earlier results for the i.i.d. case by Devroye and Gyorfi (Nonparametric Density Estimation: The L1 View. New York: Wiley, 1985) and by Hall and Wand (Minimizing the L1 distance in nonparametric density estimation, J. Multivariate Anal.26 (1988), 59–88) to the linear process case. Numerical examples to illustrate the performance of fn are also presented.
Coated conductor development : an assessment.

This paper summarizes the current status of basic research related to the understanding and development of coated conductor tapes for use in large scale superconducting applications. It reports highlights of a workshop and discussion meeting which dealt with many of the central issues associated with both thick film deposition methods and the defects that control the critical current densities. Topics included texture control in the metal substrate, smoothing the substrate surface before the grain aligned buffer layers are deposited, deposition methods for the buffer layers, deposition methods for high performance in the superconducting layer. The ionized beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) method, and the rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrate (RABiTS) method were the primary approaches to texture control. Emphasis was placed on the use of microscopic probes to study defects and grain boundaries in order to develop a science base for the factors that determine the superconducting critical current of practical conductors. In all of the discussion, an effort was made to identify basic research that would lead to a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms at work so that we can improve processing methods and enhance performance of the superconducting tape.
The photophysics of 1-hydroxypyrene, the acidity of its singlet excited state, and the nature of its photoionization process in polar media

The photophysics of 1-hydroxypyrene, Py–OH, in various media has been examined by pulsed laser and steady state methods. In alkaline polar media the photophysics of the ionized form, Py–O−, the pyrenolate ion, is reported. From the data the pKa is calculated to be 8.93 for the ground state and 4.5 for the excited state. However, the excited singlet state lifetime of Py–OH is too short to lead to significant dissociation into excited Py–O−* and H+, and no equilibrium between the species exists. Excitation of Py–OH leads to the excited singlet, the triplet, electrons (trapped), and a short-lived radical cation. The radical cation rapidly dissociates to give the pyrenyloxyl radical. Excitation of Py–O− gives the excited singlet state, the triplet state, solvated electrons and the pyrenyloxyl radical. No evidence of a radical cation of Py–O−, i.e., +˙Py–O− is forthcoming, and only the neutral pyrenyloxyl radical is observed. Low temperature experiments in glasses are used to identify the various species produced.
Substrate specificity for androgen biosynthesis in the primate testis.

Abstract The metabolism of selected substrates of the 4-ene and 5-ene pathways was investigated in the testis of the marmoset Sanguinus oedipus. Testicular fragments (50 mg) were incubated in duplicate with 10μCi of the following radiolabeled substrates: pregnenolone, progesterone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, and testosterone. Incubations were for 3 h in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4, at 37°C. Pregnenolone was converted to 17-hydroxy-progesterone (44.6)%, with lower conversion to testosterone (21.3%), androstenedione (10.8%), and progesterone (9.5%). Progesterone was metabolized to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (47.3%) with testosterone (22.8%) and androstenedione (11.1%) identified in the incubates. 17-Hydroxypregnenolone was converted to testosterone (57.0%), dehydroepiandrosterone (22.1%) and androstenedione (13.6%). However, 17-hydroxyprogesterone was not well metabolized as 59.8% of the substrate remained, while testosterone and androstenedione were 21.2% and 10.7% of the respective radioactivities. Dehydroepiandrosterone was converted to testosterone (61.0%), and androstenedione (16.2%). Androstenedione was metabolized to testosterone (83.0%), while testosterone substrate was primarily nonmetabolized (85.4%), with some conversion to androstenedione (6.6%). These results suggest a predominant 4-ene pathway in marmosets due primarily to a lack of pregnenolone 17α-hydroxylase activity, while C17-C20 lyase may be the rate-limiting step for testosterone synthesis in the testis of this subhuman primate species.
Jimson weed (Datura stramonium) poisoning in childhood

Summary Jimson weed intoxication is not an uncommon cause of poisoning in children. The signs, symptoms, and treatment are discussed and a rough estimate of the fatal dose is made. Seven cases of Jimson weed intoxication are reported.
Normative sample of the PEAK relational training system: Direct training module and subsequent comparisons to individuals with autism

Abstract The present data provide a normative sample of the PEAK: direct training module assessment and a subsequent comparison to individuals with autism. Altogether, 206 typically developing participants and 94 participants with autism took part in the study. For the normative sample, there was a strong relationship between PEAK total score and age ( r = .659, p R 2 = .821, t = 18.51, p r = .021, p = .861), and that PEAK total scores for the autism group were significantly lower than the normative sample ( t (275) = 10.63, p
Central hemodynamic effects of dipyridamole in severe heart failure: Comparison with hydralazine

The effects of dipyridamole, a coronary and peripheral vasodilator drug, on cardiac performance were investigated in nine patients with severe chronic heart failure. Dipyridamole (30 to 80 mg IV) increased cardiac index (1.63 to 2.65 l/min/m2) and decreased systemic vascular resistance (2097 to 1124 dyn/sec/cm−5). Left ventricular filling pressure decreased (23.7 to 20.7 mm Hg) without significant changes in mean right atrial pressure or heart rate. These effects were similar to the hemodynamic responses after 100 mg hydralazine in the same patients, but they were of shorter duration (<90 min). In contrast, oral dipyridamole induced only modest responses in three of eight patients despite large single doses of the drug (150 to 300 mg). Dipyridamole is a rapid-acting short-lived vasodilator, which exerts predominantly arterial vasodilator actions similar to those of hydralazine. Due to inconsistent response after oral doses, however, the therapeutic application of dipyridamole in long-term management of chronic heart failure appears to be limited. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1982) 32, 54–61; doi:10.1038/clpt.1982.126
An Examination of Publication Bias in an International Journal of Information Technology in Education.

Abstract Publication bias refers to a tendency to publish articles with significant results over publications with nonsignificant results. In this article we first review the literature of publication bias focusing on the three major determinants (file drawer significance, file drawer effect size, and file drawer sample size) and two interrelated sources (the editors and researchers) of publication bias. We then present a study that examined the publication bias of an international peer-reviewed journal in the field of information technology in education. All original submissions from that journal over a six-year period were examined. Comparisons were performed and no significant difference was found between accepted and rejected manuscripts on their significance, effect size, and sample size. Findings did not provide any evidence of editorial publication bias. Suggestions for further studies are discussed.
Structure of shells of eggs of Callisaurus draconoides (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae)

Female zebra-tailed lizards (Iguanidae: Callisaurus draconoides) lay roughly ovoid eggs with thin, highly extensible shells. The outer surface of the eggshell is a thin, calcareous crust of calcium carbonate in the calcite morph. Immediately beneath the crystalline matrix is a shell membrane composed of multiple layers of fibres organized into an undulating series of troughs and crests, apparent in both cross-section and surface view. The outer surface of the shell membrane is differentiated into a tightly woven fibrous mat that may serve to anchor the calcareous layer to the membrane. Organization of the eggshell into a series of troughs and crests serves to increase the surface area available for contact with the substrate and, presumably, to increase the capacity of the eggshell to stretch as the egg absorbs water.
The Effectiveness of Adult Day Services for Older Adults: A Review of the Literature From 2000 to 2011

Adult Day Service (ADS) centers offer a variety of services to meet the needs of older adults and their caregivers. During the last decade, ADS has received increased attention due to shifts in policy toward home and community-based services for an aging population. This article reviews the effectiveness of ADS from 2000 to the present, with particular attention given to caregiver and participant outcomes, health care utilization, and future directions in ADS research. Multiple databases were searched to identify relevant research and 61 articles were selected for review based on inclusion criteria. The results of this review emphasize the need to implement and test more specific interventions targeting the needs of the ADS population.
Non‐target effect of sprays to control California red scale (Aonidiella aurantii [Maskell], Hom., Diaspididae) on citrus red mite (Panonychus citri [McGregor], Acari, Tetranychidae)

: Five insecticides used to control California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), were evaluated in the field for their effect on California red scale and the non-target pest, citrus red mite (Panonychus citri [McGregor]). Carbaryl, methidathion, parathion and chlorpyrifos were very effective against California red scale. NR 415 petroleum spray oil was less effective against California red scale than the organophosphates and carbamate. Carbaryl, methidathion and parathion caused an increase in citrus red mite population in both years of study. Chlorpyrifos caused an increase in citrus red mite population in one out of two years but did not result in as high an increase of citrus red mite numbers as did methidathion, parathion and carbaryl. Citrus red mite densities in the NR 415 petroleum oil treatments were as low or lower than in the untreated controls.
Assessing the operational benefits of automated conformance monitor (ACM) for RNP-to-Final operations: Overview of a Human-in-the-loop study & results

• Fundamental task of ATC • Ensuring that aircraft comply with instructed trajectory • Automated Conformance Monitor (ACM) — a proposed automation enhancement — compares aircraft trajectory to a published route — detects when aircraft deviates from assigned route — produces an alert to the controller
Determining nuclear morphology using an improved angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system

We outline the process for determining the morphology of subsurface epithelial cell nuclei using depth-resolved light scattering measurements. The measurements are accomplished using a second generation angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system. The new system greatly improves data acquisition and analysis times compared to the initial prototype system. The calibration of the new system is demonstrated in scattering studies to determine the size distribution of polystyrene microspheres in a turbid sample. The process for determining the size of cell nuclei is discussed by analyzing measurements of basal cells in a sub-surface layer of intact, unstained epithelial tissue.
Atmospheric measurements by the MLS experiments: Results from UARS and plans for the future

Abstract The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) has provided measurements of O 3 , H 2 O, ClO, SO 2 , HNO 3 , temperature and pressure in Earth's atmosphere. These measurements, which have been used for a variety of scientific studies, are obtained near-globally both day and night, and are made reliably even in the presence of aerosols, cirrus or polar stratospheric clouds. MLS experiments now being developed for the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) and the future use new technology for measurements of additional trace species and improved global coverage.
Overexpression of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor and Activation of the AKT Pathway in Hyperplastic Endometrium

Purpose: Although there is considerable information on the molecular aberrations associated with endometrial cancer, very little is known of the changes in gene expression associated with endometrial hyperplasia. Experimental Design: To address this, we have compared the level of expression of estrogen-regulated genes and components of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling pathway in endometrial biopsies from subjects with normal endometrium, complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial adenocarcinoma (type I). Results: There was a significant increase in the expression of the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) in biopsies from hyperplastic endometrium and endometrial carcinoma compared with the proliferative endometrium. The receptor was also activated, as judged by increased tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition, in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, the downstream components of the IGF-IR pathway are activated, as reflected in increased Akt phosphorylation. Loss of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression in endometrial hyperplasia did not correlate with increased activation of IGF-IR. However, the simultaneous loss of PTEN expression and increased IGF-IR activation in hyperplasia was associated with an increased incidence of endometrial carcinoma. Conclusions: These results suggest that up-regulation of IGF-IR and loss of PTEN may be independent events that give rise to complementary activation of the IGF-I pathway and increase the probability of the development of cancer. These studies suggest that increased expression of IGF-IR may be an important contributor to the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer.
State estimation for energy theft detection in microgrids

In traditional power networks, energy theft is a significant problem that causes severe financial losses to utility companies and legitimate users, jeopardizes system stability, and enables other illegal activities. Recently, governments and utility companies propose the Smart Grid as the next generation electric network to improve the current grid's efficiency, reliability, and security. In the Smart Grid, smart meters are deployed at users' premises to facilitate data collection, system control, etc. However, smart meters are vulnerable to cyber attacks, thus enabling easier energy pilfering. In this paper, we model the amount of energy stolen by a smart meter as a measurement bias, and propose an energy theft detection algorithm based on state estimation. In particular, our algorithm employs weighted least squares (WLS) state estimation, and can identify all the energy thieves in the system. We conduct extensive simulations in IEEE 13-bus and 123-bus test systems to validate our algorithm.
Characteristics of “other” families

Las “otras familias” en la clasificacion del Censo de los Estados Unidos son aquellas familias cuyo jefe es un hombre o una mujer sin que el respectivo conyuge este presenie, pero que tienen uno o mas parientes viviendo dentro del seno familiar. El proposito de la investigacion fue comparar las caracteristicas de estas familias con las familias “normales” de marido y mujer. En 1960 habio 5.5 millones de “otras familias.” Esas familias resultan de la muerte de uno de los conyuges, de separacion conyugal del establecimiento de una unidad familiar por parte de una persona soltera, o de la separacion temporal de los esposos debido a rezones de trabajo o reclusion en instituciones. En comparacion con las familias normales, las “otras” familias tienen un porcentaje mas elevado de jefes mujeres; el jefe tiende a ser de mayor edad; los jefes mujeres tienden a estar entre las que han tenido un mayor numero de hijos, y el ingreso de la familia es mas bajo. Un numero desproporcionado de estas familias son de raza negra. Estas “otras” familias cuyo jefe es una mujer joven hubo un aumunto rapido durante los anos cincuenta, sobre todo las que no son blancas en las areas urbanas. La fuerza economicade este grupo de familias en comparacion con otras familias, a disminuido mucho desde 1950.
A Unified Design Representation Can Work

A unified design representation can work. This has always been considered impractical due to major problems of run time, space, tool interdependencies, and multiple representations. We have addressed these problems and found them tractable. We present our solutions to these problems, gained through the experience of developing the Droid design system.
Agents that block fibronectin fragment-mediated cartilage damage also promote repair.

Objective and Design: The objective was to determine if agents that suppress catabolism might also enhance repair of irreversibly damaged cartilage.¶Material: Articular cartilage from bovine metacarpophalangeal joints was studied in explant culture.¶Treatment: Fibronectin fragments or IL-1α, which potently cause proteoglycan (PG) loss from cartilage, were added to cultures also containing the catabolism-blocking agents: insulin-like growth factor-1, or N-acetylcysteine, or Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser peptide, and the effects of these agents on blocking PG loss determined. To test for repair or restoration of PG, cartilage was first damaged, damage agents removed and inhibitory agents added.¶Methods: Each mean and SD value for cartilage PG content was determined by assays of papain digests of cartilage from three similar cultures.¶Results: The agents either partially or fully blocked PG loss and promoted repair.¶Conclusions: Normally irreversible cartilage damage was reversed by slowing ongoing catabolic processes during attempted repair. Thus, catabolic inhibitors have reparative potential.
A Cellular Motor Based Micro Pump: Integration of Cellular Motors With Micro Channels

To achieve a high degree of functional density and efficiency, some of the micro actuators in MEMS can be replaced by active biological elements. An example of this is the cellular motor micro pump (CMMP) currently under development at the University of Arkansas. The CMMP is realized through the tethering of a harmless strain of Escherichia coli cells to a MEMS-based micro fluidic channel. In a free moving state, an E.coli cell ‘swims’ by rotating its’ flagella, driven at the base by a rotary motor. When a cell is attached to a surface by a single shortened flagellar filament (∼0.5 micron long), the motor turns the entire cell body at a high rotational speed. The CMMP utilizes this mechanism to transport liquid in a micro fluidic channel through viscous pumping. This paper describes two important areas in the CMMP development process: cell tethering in micro channels fabricated from various substrate materials and visualization of tethered cell behavior through fluorescent microscopy.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Identification of phosphorylation sites in proteins separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

We report a fast, sensitive, and robust procedure for the identification of precise phosphorylation sites in proteins separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF) and on-line capillary liquid chromatography electrospray tandem ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS/MS). With this procedure, a single phosphorylation site was identified on as little as 20 ng (500 fmol) of the baculovirus-expressed catalytic domain of myosin I heavy-chain kinase separated by gel electrophoresis. The phosphoprotein is digested in the gel with trypsin, and the resulting peptides are extracted with >60% yield and analyzed by MALDI/TOF before and after digestion with a phosphatase to identify the phosphopeptides. The phosphopeptides are then separated and fragmented in an on-line LC/ESI ion trap mass spectrometer to identify the precise phosphorylation sites. This procedure eliminates any off-line HPLC separation and mi...
Feature Selection for Appearance-based Vehicle Tracking in Geospatial Video

Current video tracking systems often employ a rich set of intensity, edge, texture, shape and object level features combined with descriptors for appearance modeling. This approach increases tracker robustness but is compu- tationally expensive for realtime applications and localization accuracy can be adversely affected by including distracting features in the feature fusion or object classification processes. This paper explores offline feature subset selection using a filter-based evaluation approach for video tracking to reduce the dimensionality of the feature space and to discover relevant representative lower dimensional subspaces for online tracking. We com- pare the performance of the exhaustive FOCUS algorithm to the sequential heuristic SFFS, SFS and RELIEF feature selection methods. Experiments show that using offline feature selection reduces computational complex- ity, improves feature fusion and is expected to translate into better online tracking performance. Overall SFFS and SFS perform very well, close to the optimum determined by FOCUS, but RELIEF does not work as well for feature selection in the context of appearance-based object tracking.
Optical processors using semiconductor optical amplifiers

Semiconductor optical amplifiers are important for wide range of applications in optical networks, optical tomography and optical logic systems. For many of these applications particularly for optical networks and optical logic, high speed performance of the SOA is important. All optical Boolean operations such as XOR, OR, AND and NOR has been demonstrated using SOA based Mach-Zhender interferometers (SOA-MZI). A rate equation model for SOA-MZI has been developed. The model has been used to analyze the Set-Reset (S-R) latch, the gated S-R latch and the D-Flip-Flop devices. The modeling results suggest that the Flip-Flop circuits should work at high speeds. An optical pseudo-random bit stream (PRBS) generator is important for all-optical encryption circuits. A model of a PRBS generator using SOAMZI based devices has been developed. We show that a PRBS generator can work @ 80 Gb/s using regular SOAs and @ ~ 250 Gb/s or at higher speeds using two-photon absorption based processes in SOAs.
Efficiently combining positions and normals for precise 3D geometry

Range scanning, manual 3D editing, and other modeling approaches can provide information about the geometry of surfaces in the form of either 3D positions (e.g., triangle meshes or range images) or orientations (normal maps or bump maps). We present an algorithm that combines these two kinds of estimates to produce a new surface that approximates both. Our formulation is linear, allowing it to operate efficiently on complex meshes commonly used in graphics. It also treats high-and low-frequency components separately, allowing it to optimally combine outputs from data sources such as stereo triangulation and photometric stereo, which have different error-vs.-frequency characteristics. We demonstrate the ability of our technique to both recover high-frequency details and avoid low-frequency bias, producing surfaces that are more widely applicable than position or orientation data alone.