cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Point of view in the novels of Jean Rhys: The effect of a double focus

(1984). Point of view in the novels of Jean Rhys: The effect of a double focus. World Literature Written in English: Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 359-373.
Patient-centered interviewing is associated with decreased responses to painful stimuli: an initial fMRI study.

Abstract Objective To identify the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) changes associated with a patient-centered interview (PCI) and a positive provider–patient relationship (PPR). Methods Nine female patients participated, five randomly selected to undergo a replicable, evidence-based PCI, the other four receiving standard clinician-centered interviews (CCI). To verify that PCI differed from CCI, we rated the interviews and administered a patient satisfaction with the provider–patient relationship (PPR) questionnaire. Patients were then scanned as they received painful stimulation while viewing pictures of the interviewing doctor and control images (unknown doctor). Results Interview ratings and questionnaire results confirmed that PCIs and CCIs were performed as planned and PCIs led to a much more positive PPR. We found significantly reduced pain-related neural activation in the left anterior insula region in the PCI group when the interviewing doctor's picture was shown. Conclusion This study identifies an association between a PCI that produced a positive PPR and reduced pain-related neural responses in the anterior insula. This is an initial step in understanding the neural underpinnings of a PCI. Practice implications If confirmed, our results indicate one neurobiological underpinning of an effective PCI, providing an additional scientific rationale for its use clinically.
Super-resurgence: ABA renewal increases resurgence

Previously extinguished operant responding recurs under both resurgence and renewal procedures, but the effects of combining these procedures on recurrence has not been studied. Because renewal and resurgence are known to independently produce response recurrence, we examined whether greater resurgence would occur if the resurgence procedure was combined with an ABA renewal procedure, relative to a resurgence procedure without contextual changes. Three pigeons were exposed to a concurrent resurgence procedure in which key colors served as contextual stimuli. In the Training phase, reinforcement for pecking two keys was scheduled on concurrent variable-interval (VI) 120-s VI 120-s schedules, each correlated with different key colors. In the Alternative Reinforcement phase, reinforcement occurred when neither key was pecked for 20-s (a differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior [DRO] 20-s schedule). During this phase, one of the key colors was changed (ABA key), while the other key color remained as in the Training phase (AAA key). In the third phase, reinforcement was not provided and the color of the ABA key was changed back to the color in effect during the Training phase while the same color remained in effect on the other key. Greater resurgence occurred on the ABA renewal key with each pigeon, demonstrating that a superimposed ABA renewal procedure increases resurgence.
Does Familiarity Breed Contempt? The Impact of Information on Mass Attitudes toward Congress

Two features of citizen response to Congress can be taken as grounds for concern. First, Americans know relatively little about Congress, and especially about congressional procedures and policy output. Second, Congress typically emerges as the least respected political institution. Although these matters are troubling when viewed individually, more disturbing is the dilemma posed when knowledge and attitudes toward Congress are viewed in tandem. It appears that citizens who know Congress the best like Congress the least. Consequently, a sophisticated polity and a well-respected legislature seem fundamentally incompatible. This article seeks to resolve this dilemma, contending that there is nothing about knowledge per se that leads citizens to view Congress unfavorably. Rather, differences in knowledge levels alter the considerations citizens bring to bear when evaluating Congress, with the best-informed individuals constructing judgments on the basis of the most relevant Congress-specific criteria while less knowledgeable citizens employ readily available but more peripheral criteria.
Novel CLN3 mutation predicted to cause complete loss of protein function does not modify the classical JNCL phenotype

Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (JNCL), or Batten disease, is a childhood neurodegenerative disease that is characterized clinically by progressive visual loss, seizures, dementia, and motor incoordination. Children affected with this disease tend to develop normally for the first 5 years of life. However, once disease onset occurs, they decline rapidly and die in their late 20s to early 30s. Though this represents the typical disease course, the onset and severity of disease symptoms can vary. This variability is presumed to be the result of both differences in the causative genetic mutation in the CLN3 gene as well as environmental influences. Most cases of JNCL are caused by a 1 kb deletion in the CLN3 gene, resulting in a frameshift mutation predicted to leave the first 153 amino acids of the CLN3 protein intact, followed by the addition of 28 novel amino acids. Here we report the discovery of a novel mutation identified as a G to T transversion at nucleotide 49 (G49T) in exon 2 of CLN3, introducing a premature stop codon (E17X) near the N-terminus. This mutation represents the most 5' mutation described to date. The patient examined in this study was heterozygous for the common 1 kb deletion and E17X. She had classical disease progression, suggesting that this mutation in CLN3 mimics the more prevalent 1 kb deletion and that progression of JNCL is predominantly the result of loss of CLN3 function.
Laboratory Evaluation of the Dual-Probe Heat-Pulse Method for Measuring Soil Water Content

The dual-probe heat-pulse (DPHP) method provides a means of estimating volumetric soil water content (θ) and change in volumetric water content (Δθ) from measurements of volumetric heat capacity. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the accuracy and precision that can be achieved in measuring θ and Δθ with the DPHP method. Tempe pressure cells fitted with DPHP sensors were used to conduct desorption experiments in which DPHP-based estimates of θ and Δθ were compared with values estimated by the gravimetric method. For water contents corresponding to soil water pressure potentials below −100 kPa, comparisons were made by packing the pressure cells with soil wetted to known water contents. The investigation was conducted with seven soil materials representing a wide range of physical properties for mineral soils. The DPHP sensors slightly overestimated θ at low water contents, but it was shown that the bias could be removed by using an empirical calibration equation, θ = 1.09 θ DPHP − 0.045. This relationship appears to be general inasmuch as it was shown to be applicable for all seven soil materials and for water contents ranging from 0.02 to 0.59 m 3 m −3 . The general calibration equation was also shown to be effective in removing bias in Δθ estimates. Pooled regression analysis (all soil materials) showed that θ can be measured with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.022 m 3 m −3 . Greater precision can be achieved with Δθ measurements (RMSE = 0.012 m 3 m −3 ); however, the results indicated a decrease in precision with increasing magnitude of Δθ.
The effect of the number of cross-stitches on the biomechanical properties of the modified becker extensor tendon repair.

Purpose The optimum number of cross-stitches in modified Becker repair for extensor tendon injury is not known. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of 1, 2, and 3 cross-stitches in modified Becker extensor repairs. Methods We used 8 fresh-frozen cadaveric hands (24 fingers). We exposed extensor tendons of the index, middle, and ring fingers over the proximal phalanx, cut them transversely at the mid-portion of zone IV (proximal phalanx), and repaired them in situ with a modified Becker technique with 1, 2, or 3 cross-stitches using 4-0 braided suture. We randomized the tendons within each hand for the number of cross-stitches. Stiffness, yield load, ultimate load, energy absorbed, and gap formation were measured. After a 5 N preload, each repair was cyclically loaded from 5 to 25 N for 30 cycles and from 5 to 35 N for 30 cycles at a rate of 20 mm/min to simulate loads during postoperative rehabilitation. After cyclic loading, the specimens were loaded to failure. Results The repair with 1 cross-stitch showed superior gap resistance and stiffness during cyclic loading compared with 2 and 3 cross-stitches. One cross-stitch also resulted in higher stiffness and yield strength in load to failure testing. However, 3 cross-stitch configurations displayed higher ultimate strength. All repairs failed by knot slippage. Conclusions A modified Becker extensor tendon repair with 1 cross-stitch provides superior mechanical properties for loads seen with postoperative rehabilitation compared with 2 and 3 cross-stitches for similar loads. Clinical relevance These findings may lead to reduced operative time and decreased tendon damage with superior results.
On partitions of finite vector spaces of low dimension over GF(2)

Let V"n(q) denote a vector space of dimension n over the field with q elements. A set P of subspaces of V"n(q) is a partition of V"n(q) if every nonzero vector in V"n(q) is contained in exactly one subspace of P. If there exists a partition of V"n(q) containing a"i subspaces of dimension n"i for 1@?i@?k, then (a"k,a"k"-"1,...,a"1) must satisfy the Diophantine equation @?"i"="1^ka"i(q^n^"^i-1)=q^n-1. In general, however, not every solution of this Diophantine equation corresponds to a partition of V"n(q). In this article, we determine all solutions of the Diophantine equation for which there is a corresponding partition of V"n(2) for n@?7 and provide a construction of each of the partitions that exist.
Comment on and reply to "Analysis of variation of amplitudes in cell cycle gene expression" by Liu, Gaido and Wolfinger: On the analysis of gene expression during the normal, eukaryotic, cell cycle

Background The paper of Liu, Gaido and Wolfinger on gene expression during the division cycle of HeLa cells using the data of Whitfield et al. are discussed in order to see whether their analysis is related to gene expression during the division cycle.
Physiological variables involved in heart valve substitute calcification

Biochemical, histological and genetic studies using in vitro/in vivo models have demonstrated that pathological calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) is regulated by various mechanisms associated with physiological variables. The major objective of this review is to characterize physiological variables involved in BHV calcification. This review examines our understanding of the systemic cellular behavior and physiological regulation processes behind BHV calcification and its clinical applications.
Preventing stroke: is preventing microemboli enough?

However, there is a pathological process, namely, emboli-zation, that leads to arterial occlusion in the cerebral circula-tion much more frequently than in the coronary bed. Conse-quently, the detection and prevention of embolic events iscritical to reducing the burden of stroke. Emboli may causeeither large disabling strokes or small subclinical events,depending on the size and eventual location of the embolus.Emboli generated from the chambers or valves of the heart orfrom atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries of the neck arevariable in their size and consistency. When the cardiacchambers are dyskinetic or fibrillating, leading to stasis andthe formation of thrombus, distal emboli are usually large,they lodge in the initial branches of the circle of Willis, andthe resultant strokes are devastating. The posterior wall of themost proximal portion of the internal carotid artery just distalto the bifurcation is a common site of atherosclerosis becauseof the unique hemodynamic effects caused by the flowdivider. Emboli from such large-artery atheroma may consistof a thrombus or pieces of calcified plaque, but they may alsobe microscopic if composed only of fibrin-platelet material. Ifsuch “microemboli” are ,0.1 mm in diameter, they mightpass into the small arteriolar branches. There they may belysed by endogenous protective hemostatic defenses, or theymay cause areas of microinfarction.Much has been learned about the clinical consequences andprevention of large emboli. Because such strokes are theleading cause of disability among US adults, multicenter,randomized, clinical stroke prevention trials have been orga-nized to reduce clinically apparent strokes as the primary endpoint. These have conclusively demonstrated that antiplatelettherapy reduces the incidence of recurrent stroke by ’20% to25%
Identifying the people and factors that influence children's intentions to make lifestyle changes.

Childhood obesity and health behavior programs are increasingly a focus within literature and individual provider practices. This study was designed to inform "best practices" for establishing effective programs in the medical setting by identifying persons and factors that influence children's willingness to be active, eat healthy, and lose weight when medically appropriate. A total of 342 child and parent dyads living in a rural setting participated in this study. Child and parent report of theory of planned behavior constructs and child intentions to lose weight, eat healthier, and increase own exercise was established as the study outcomes. Parent and child perceptions and child characteristics (e.g., weight status) were associated with children's intentions to lose weight and obtain more exercise whereas only child perceptions were associated with children's intentions to eat healthier. Incorporating children as young as 10 years of age in conversations and planning for diet and physical activity lifestyle changes is essential for the success of the treatment option. Language: en
Stress Assisted Diffusion in Elastic and Viscoelastic Materials.

Abstract T he governing field equations and boundary conditions for stress assisted diffusion are derived from basic principles of continuum mechanics and irreversible thermodynamics. Attention is confined to elastic and viscoelastic material response, with emphasis on isotropy and the case of small strains. It is shown that both the diffusion process and the saturation levels are stress dependent. In viscoelstic materials the time-dependence of the moisture boundary condition causes the saturation level to drift with time. In addition, the diffusion process becomes non-linear in stress, in spite of the linearity of the mechanical behavior.
Absence of Selective Deep White Matter Ischemia in Chronic Carotid Disease: A Positron Emission Tomographic Study of Regional Oxygen Extraction

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Deep white matter may be the location of an internal arterial border zone. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the deep white matter was subject to a greater degree of ischemia than was the cortex among patients with chronic carotid occlusion. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with carotid occlusion and structurally normal deep white matter were studied with positron emission tomography. Measurements of oxygen extraction fraction were made in superficial (cortical and subcortical) regions in the middle cerebral artery territory and in deep white matter (internal border zone) regions. The presence of selective ischemia of the deep white matter was assessed by the ratio of deep white matter:superficial oxygen extraction fraction. Ipsilateral hemispheric ratios among patients were assessed as a group as compared with contralateral hemispheric ratios and as compared with normal hemispheric ratios from 15 control volunteers. RESULTS: Mean deep white matter to superficial oxygen extraction fraction ratios (±95% confidence limits) were 0.99 (±0.07), 1.01 (±0.06), and 1.02 (±0.08) for ipsilateral, contralateral, and normal hemispheres, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between ipsilateral and contralateral (P = .691) or normal hemispheres (P = .68), nor was any statistically significant difference found when the analysis was limited to patients with increased superficial oxygen extraction fraction (n = 9). Individual deep white matter:superficial ratios were within the normal range for all patients. CONCLUSION: Normal deep white matter among patients with carotid occlusion is not subject to a greater degree of ischemia than is the overlying cortex. It is unlikely that deep white matter infarctions observed among patients with carotid occlusion are owing to chronic selective hemodynamic compromise occurring at an internal arterial border zone.
Determinants of Elevated Creatine Kinase Activity and Creatine Kinase MB-Fraction following Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Objective : We undertook this study to determine the occurrence and the determinants of elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK) levels and CK MB-fraction following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Design Four hundred twenty consecutive adult admissions to the Long Island Jewish Medical Center from January 1989 through December 1990 with a diagnosis of cardiac arrest were reviewed. Setting The Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, the Long Island Campus for the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. Patients Sixty-three patients survived for at least 12 h following cardiac arrest for evaluation of post-CPR CK levels and were included into the study. Measurements Clinical features, biochemical profiles, and administered drug profiles were studied in these patients. The clinical and biochemical features of the patients with (CK >224 IU/L [3.7 μkat/L]) and without rhabdomyolysis were also compared. Main Results Two major determinants responsible for elevated CK levels emerged, including physical injury (number of chest compressions during CPR) and electrical injury (cumulative number of joules administered during defibrillation). Post-CPR CK levels showed positive correlations with both the number of chest compressions given (p Twenty patients survived CPR and were discharged from the hospital without significant neurologic sequelae. The remaining 43 either died or suffered severe neurologic injury. The patients who survived CPR had a significantly shorter duration of CPR (p Conclusions CK elevation is a common finding following successful CPR after cardiac arrest and this elevation of post-CPR CK levels is related to both physical as well as electrical injury sustained during CPR. Elevation of post-CPR CK-MB fraction seems to be only a crude indicator of preexisting CAD; however, a positive CK-MB fraction in patients without CAD is related to severity of physical injury and electrical injury during CPR. Patients who survive CPR without neurologic impairment appear to be those with a shorter duration of CPR. Elevated serum potassium, phosphate, and creatinine values may be related to an adverse effect on long-term survival.
Ionic Charge Conservation and Long-Term Steady State in the Luo–Rudy Dynamic Cell Model

It has been postulated that cardiac cell models accounting for changes in intracellular ion concentrations violate a conservation principle, and, as a result, computed parameters (e.g., ion concentrations and transmembrane potential, V(m)) drift in time, never attaining steady state. To address this issue, models have been proposed that invoke the charge conservation principle to calculate V(m) from ion concentrations ("algebraic" method), rather than from transmembrane current ("differential" method). The aims of this study are to compare model behavior during prolonged periods of pacing using the algebraic and differential methods, and to address the issue of model drift. We pace the Luo-Rudy dynamic model of a cardiac ventricular cell and compare the time-dependent behavior of computed parameters using the algebraic and differential methods. When ions carried by the stimulus current are taken into account, the algebraic and differential methods yield identical results and neither shows drift in computed parameters. The present study establishes the proper pacing protocol for simulation studies of cellular behavior during long periods of rapid pacing. Such studies are essential for mechanistic understanding of arrhythmogenesis, since cells are subjected to rapid periodic stimulation during many arrhythmias.
Light Harvesting Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Hybrids

Due to extraordinary electron accepting and conductivity properties, single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are explored as molecular wires in light harvesting cells. Here SWNT are employed as acceptors of photo-excited charge/energy in self-assembling aqueous soluble nanohybrids. DNA oligonucleotides and functionalized pyrene moieties are used as surfactants to solubilize an ensemble of individually suspended SWNT. Water-soluble porphyrins, chlorophyll-like molecules with strong optical signatures in the visible range, are used as donors. These bond with surfactants, pyrene and DNA oligonucleotides via electrostatic and base intercalation, respectively. Alternative structures are presented, studying the effects of SWNT surface chemistry and intermolecular spacing between porphyrin and SWNT sidewalls. A novel structure is developed that employs DNA oligonucleotides as a multi-functional "glue," simultaneously suspending SWNT while exploiting DNA target recognition capabilities to bind with donor porphyrins. Transductions in optical spectra and fluorescence quenching show evidence of charge transfer interactions, offering a novel dynamic and tunable nanomaterial for light harvesting.
Production of Haemophilus influenzae b Meningitis in Infant Rats by Intraperitoneal Inoculation

Sprague-Dawley rats have a marked age-related susceptibility to Haemophilus influenzae type b that does not correlate with serum bactericidal activity. Eighty percent of 5-day-old animals that survive to 48 h after an intraperitoneal inoculation of a mean lethal dose of bacteria have histologically documented meningitis. Animals surviving the inoculations as infants manifest cerebral dysfunction as adults. This model should facilitate experimental study of bacterial meningitis. Images
Test–Retest Reliability of Subclinical Status for Functional Limitation and Disability

OBJECTIVE: Subclinical status for functional limitation and disability help explain pathways to difficulties with functional limitation and disability, but data on their measurement stability are minimal. We evaluated the reproducibility of measuring subclinical status in a random subset of 92 community-dwelling St. Louis African Americans aged 49 to 65 years old. METHODS: We examined test-retest reliability of subclinical status using Fried's measurement method of changing either the frequency or method of task performance for five functional limitations, three basic activities of daily living (ADLs), and four instrumental ADLs, as well as summary scales reflecting these three constructs. We also performed sensitivity analyses of test-retest interval and alternative definitional approaches (using only method, only frequency, or both). RESULT: Weighted kappas for individual tasks across three performance levels (high functioning, subclinical status, and task difficulty) indicated moderate agreement for one task and substantial agreement for 11 tasks. Intraclass correlation coefficients for the three scales demonstrated outstanding agreement. The most reproducible definition of subclinical status involved the either/or method. DISCUSSION: Excellent test-retest reproducibility was demonstrated in this population-based sample of late middle-aged African Americans using Fried's method of measuring subclinical status. Language: en
Gene organization of a novel defensin of Ixodes ricinus: first annotation of an intron/exon structure in a hard tick defensin gene and first evidence of the occurrence of two isoforms of one member of the arthropod defensin family

Antimicrobial peptides (defensins) are effectors of the immune system. Herein, we describe a novel Ixodes ricinus defensin gene(s), analyse its structure and compare it with other known antimicrobial peptides from different tick species. For the first time, an intron/exon structure is discovered in a hard-tick defensin gene. The intron/exon genomic organization of the gene is similar to the organization in Ornithodoros moubata, but not to that of the intronless defensins of Dermacentor variabilis and Ixodes scapularis. The analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of different recombinants from the I. ricinus cDNA library reveals the presence of two defensin isoforms with three amino acid substitutions. Whether or not these substitutions affect the biological properties of the peptides is currently unknown. The expression of the defensin gene is strongly induced in the tick midgut after infection with Borrelia burgdorferi.
Is 'Say on Pay' Justified?

There is growing political support for adopting a 'Say on Pay' requirement for executive compensation - that is, shareholders must sign off on executive compensation. This paper examines three premises fundamental to the 'Say on Pay; movement: that current executive compensation is unjustifiably high, that federal legislation is required to address that high compensation, and that federal legislation would be effective in this aim. The paper finds that all three claims are problematic.
T-Cell Biology in Aging, With a Focus on Lung Disease

T cells are essential for defending hosts against microorganisms and malignancy as well as for regulating the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases like autoimmunity. Alterations in T-cell immunity occur with aging, affecting the function and proportions of T-cell subsets. Probably, the most noticeable age-associated change in T-cell immunity is an alteration in the frequency of naive and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In fact, the frequency of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells decreases with aging, whereas the frequency of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increases. Also, changes in T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, memory response, and cytotoxicity as well as in regulatory T-cell number and function have been reported with aging. Such alterations could contribute to the development of infections, malignancies, and inflammatory diseases that rise with aging. Of interest, T cells are closely involved in the development of inflammatory airway and lung diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which are prevalent in the elderly people. In addition, T cells play a major role in defending host against influenza virus infection, a serious medical problem with high morbidity and mortality in the elderly people. Thus, it is conceivable that altered T-cell immunity may account in part for the development of such respiratory problems with aging. Here, we will review the recent advances in T-cell immunity and its alteration with aging and discuss the potential effects of such changes on the lung.
The Hemodynamic Effects of the MEGA Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation Pump

Purpose The IABP-SHOCK II study recently questioned the clinical utility of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. The aim of this study was to compare the hemodynamic effect of the MEGA-series (50cc) and standard (40cc) IABPs (Maquet Inc). Methods and Materials Twenty consecutive subjects treated with a MEGA-IABP between January and November 2012 were studied. Twenty age-, gender-, and body surface area matched patients receiving a 40cc standard IABP during the same time period served as controls. All subjects presented with decompensated left heart failure or cardiogenic shock. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, hemodynamic data, laboratory data, and clinical outcomes. Hemodynamic and laboratory datat were collected within 24 hours of IABP placement. Results Demographics, hemodynamics and laboratory values are shown in Table One . Baseline characteristics were similar between groups except for a higher incidence of diabetes mellitus in the MEGA group (76% vs 33%, p Conclusions Use of the 50cc MEGA-IABP is associated with improved systemic hemodynamic variables compared to the standard 40cc IABP. Further investigation into the clinical utility of the MEGA IABP is required.
Stopping Prison Rape: The Evolution of Standards Recommended by PREA’s National Prison Rape Elimination Commission

The authors, one a past member of the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission (NPREC), review the historic literature on solutions to prison sexual assault. We contend that pressure for humanitarian treatment of inmates as well as other forces internal and external to the prison system brought about the 2003 Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) and NPREC. We review the 40 standards to stop prison rape in adult prisons and jails proposed by NPREC in 2009 and compare their scope to solutions from past literature. We recommend that the effectiveness of NPREC standards be evaluated and that the search for solutions continue.
Religious beliefs and experiences of the body: an extension of the developmental theory of embodiment

Embodiment involves the engagement of the body with the world, including the relationship between people's bodies and their social contexts. As one aspect of a person's social context, religion has been shown to be linked to body image, weight concerns, and eating behaviours in previous research. The present study extends existing research by examining the relationship between two specific religiously influenced beliefs about the body and three ways of experiencing the body. One view, radical dualism, sees the body as corrupt and separate from oneself, while a second view, sanctification, sees the body as holy, worthy of respect, and integral to one's being. This study examined how both radically dualistic and sanctified views of the body relate to ways people experience their bodies including depersonalisation, body connectedness, and sexuality awareness. Participants were 243 adults from a variety of Protestant denominations. Using an online survey system and self-report measures, participants indicated...
Practical Resilience: Building Networks of Adaptive Management

Although there have been conceptual linkages between adaptive managers and theories of ecological resilience, few cases exist of explicit linkage of adaptive management to ecological resilience. This chapter is focused on adaptive management organizations. The organizations were parsed into two general categories, federal agencies and non-governmental organizations. Non-governmental organizations involvement in adaptive management arose because they filled a gap in adaptive management education and implementation. As time has passed and adaptive management has developed, practitioners have come to view the two types of organizations as necessary and having a symbiotic relationship.
Abstract 151: Guideline Concordance of New Statin Prescriptions (Who got a Statin?)

Background: Statins are recommended for the treatment of cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The 2013 ACC-AHA guidelines for the management of cholesterol was the first major update in the management of cholesterol since the 2004 guideline (ATP III). The new guidelines expand the number of patients recommended to receive statin therapy compared to ATP III with the greatest increase among patients taking statins for primary prevention. Despite the prevalence of statin use, little has been published about the indications for new prescriptions and the concordance of statin prescriptions to guidelines. Objective: To assess the concordance of new statin prescriptions in the Veterans Health Administration (VA) compared with the ATP-III (the guidelines in force in 2012) and the ACC-AHA guidelines. Methods: Using national data, we identified every patient who had received a new statin prescription (no statin use in the prior year) in the VA in 2012. Patients were excluded if they had less than 2 primary care visits or if they had incomplete data. Data on age, risk factors, and clinical conditions were extracted. Framingham and ACC-AHA 2013 cardiovascular risk calculator scores were calculated to determine estimates of 10-year risk for ASCVD for all patients. Statin use was compared with the recommendations of ATP III and the ACC-AHA guidelines. We considered all age ranges to be concordant with the guideline. Results: We identified 266,008 new statin prescriptions in 2012 in the VA, of which, 156,756 patients had complete data. Among statin prescriptions, 85% (133,434 of 156,756) were prescribed for primary prevention and 15% (23,322 of 156,756) were prescribed for secondary prevention. Mean age was 62 and 68 among patients receiving statins for primary and secondary prevention, respectively. The respective median Framingham risk score and ACC-AHA scores were 16 (IQR 10 to 20), and 19.26 (IQR 11to 32) among patients receiving statins for primary prevention. Among patients receiving statins for primary prevention, 23% (31,085 of 133,434) did not have an indication supported by the ATP III guidelines and 20% (26,413 of 133,434) did not have an indication supported by the ACC/AHA guideline. Within patients who received a statin for primary prevention, 9% (11,716 of 133,434) were less than 45 years old, 14% (18,210 of 133,434) were greater than 75 years old, 0.28% (373 of 133,434) were receiving dialysis, 2% (2,702 of 133,434) had evidence of terminal cancer or were receiving end of life care, and 0.06% (83 of 133,434) had evidence of severe congestive heart failure or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions: Among veterans, the majority of statins are prescribed for primary prevention. One in 5 veterans received a statin for an indication not supported by either guideline. These findings present an opportunity to reduce inefficient care.
Decentralized iterative reweighted algorithm for recovery of jointly sparse signals

In a decentralized network where multiple agents exist, each agent takes linearly measurements from the received signal and decodes the corresponding signal by running recovery algorithm at local and also sharing the auxiliary information broadcasted from its neighbors. Motivated by the applications like wireless sensor networks, cooperative spectrum sensing and decentralized event detection in wireless networks, sparse signal recovery or detection in decentralized (distributed) networks has been one of the research focus in wireless network. By exploiting compressive sensing technology, this problem was widely studied in recent years. Although many works have focused on this issue, most of them only consider the situation that all agent (node) measure same signals, like e.g., D-Lasso, DCD-Lasso, which is less suitable for the real wireless network application environment. Thus, this paper proposed a DIRLq (Decentralized Iteratively Reweighted l q ) algorithm to solve this problem. Different from previous decentralized sparse recovery algorithms like D-Lasso and DCD-Lasso, our algorithm focuses on recovering different signals with joint sparsity structure which were measured in different agents. Besides, although recently proposed DRL1 and DRL2 algorithm have also considered the similar application background, our algorithm presents better performance compared to both of them. Furthermore, we also discuss the convergence behavior of our algorithm. Finally, numerical results are provided to show the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
Do classroom exercise breaks affect executive function and math performance

Many schools focus primarily on overall standardized test scores and concentrate on improving the academic standing of students, which can result in the importance of physical activity being disreg...
Evaluation of the subfertile couple: the fine points.

Abstract The basic fertility evaluation depends more on the history than findings at the initial visit. The previous reproductive history of both partners, the duration of infertility in this union, frequency of coitus, and a complete menstrual history often point to the diagnosis and correct therapy. Previous medical records pertaining to the problem are another source of information, and recent studies such as semen analysis results, ultrasound and salpingographic reports should be sought; the actual films are preferable to the reports. Previous surgeries, thought to be unrelated to fertility, may have been performed--try to get the operative report. There are myriad drugs that can interfere with fertility in either gender; therefore, a thorough history of past and present use as well as environmental toxin exposure is necessary. Often the routine prenatal tests for titers against common viral illnesses which can cause fetal damage have not been performed. Specific ethnic groups will need special testing. No invasive test or therapy should be performed on the female partner in the absence of a recent semen analysis. Ovulation evaluation can take the form of a basal body temperature chart; it's free, doesn't hurt, and is accurate in detecting the presence of ovulation, except for the exact timing. The over-the-counter urinary LH detection kits are highly reliable in predicting the actual day of ovulation. Serial ultrasounds to do this are not cost effective. This paper will discuss these points and the commonly performed evaluations such as salpingography and endoscopy. Specific hormonal evaluations of the amenorrheic patient and those with suspected polycystic ovarian syndrome will also be discussed.
The Allure of Games: Toward an Updated Theory of the Leisure Class

Gamers spend as many as 2.5 billion hours per week playing games. The gaming literature has relied on the field of positive psychology and the concept of flow to explain why gamers are willing to w...
Genome Sequence of the Anterograde-Spread-Defective Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Strain MacIntyre

We used paired-end Illumina deep sequencing and de novo assembly to determine the genome sequence of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) strain MacIntyre (aka McIntyre). The MacIntyre strain originated from the brain of a patient with lethal HSV encephalitis and has a unique limitation in its neuronal spread, moving solely in the retrograde direction.
Through‐space 19F–15N couplings for the assignment of stereochemistry in flubenzimine

Through-space (19) F-(15) N couplings revealed the configuration of flubenzimine, with the CF3 group on N4 pointing towards the lone pair of N5. The (19) F-(15) N coupling constants were measured at natural abundance using a spin-state selective indirect-detection pulse sequence. As (15) N-labelled proteins are routinely synthesized for NMR studies, through-space (19) F-(15) N couplings have the potential to probe the stereochemistry of these proteins by (19) F labelling of some amino acids or can reveal the site of docking of fluorine-containing drugs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth inhibition of 20(s)-protopanaxadiol on prostate cancer cells RM-1 in mice and its mechanism

Objective To observe the effects of 20(s)-protopanaxadiol(PPD) on the growth of prostate cancer cells RM-1 and explore the mechanism of its action.Methods The mouse models with prostate cancer were constructed with RM-1 cells.36 mice C57 were randomly divided into three groups:model group(fed with an equal volume of olive oil once a day,an equal volume of normal saline injection intraperitoneal once a week),paclitaxel(Taxol) group(20 mg·kg-1,intraperitoneal injection once a week),PPD group(20 mg·kg-1,ig once a day),continuous administration of 4 weeks.The tumor size was measured once every 3 d,and the morphological changes of tumor were observed,the animals were killed over the fourth weekend.Observation:the general state of animal tumor weight,tumor volume,inhibitory rate,mortality;and the expression of Cyclin D1 gene was detected with RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results Compared with model group,the tumor growth of mice in other groups significantly slowed down,and the mice in PPD group had bright hair.The mice in model group scrambled and moved slowly with tumor ulceration,erosion and hemorrhage.The tumor volume of the mice in PPD group was significantly smaller than that in model group(P0.05) 13 d after administration,and it was also significantly smaller than that in Taxol group(P0.05) 21 d after administration.Compared with model group,the tumor weight of the mice in PPD group was significantly decreased(P0.05),but the inhibitory rate was significantly increased(P0.05),no death.Compared with Taxol group,the inhibitory rate in PPD group was significantly increased(P0.05),the mortality was significantly decreased(P0.05).The RT-PCR and Western blotting results showed that Cyclin D1 gene and protein expressions in treatment groups were significantly reduced(P0.05)compared with model group;compared with Taxol group,the expression of Cyclin D1 in PPD group was significantly decreased(P0.05),but there was no significant difference of Cyclin D1 protein expression between PPD group and Taxol group(P0.05).Conclusion PPD can significantly inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells RM-1 and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the expression of Cyclin D1.
Sural Nerve Axonopathy and Rett Syndrome

The histopathologic findings of three sural nerve biopsies and one muscle biopsy from three patients with Rett syndrome are described from the Department of Pediatrics, National Sanatorium Yakumo Hospital, Yakumo, Hokkaido, Japan.
Microscopy with UV Surface Excitation (MUSE): Rapid, Simple, Slide-Free Histology

MUSE rapidly creates high-resolution, histology images from thick specimens using off-axis 280-nm UV excitation and exogenous dyes. These emit in their usual visible range; the resulting images can be captured using ordinary lenses and color cameras.
Information measures for a local quantum phase transition: Lattice fermions in a one-dimensional harmonic trap

A local quantum phase transition is studied with quantum information measures for trapped spinless fermions in one-dimensional lattices. It is found that ground-state bipartite entanglement entropies, as well as the low-temperature mutual information, are excellent order parameters for describing the characteristic-density-driven local quantum phase transition.
Designs of (Changes in) Protection Measures Against Extreme Climate in Forestry

Extreme climate in forestry is exemplified in Box III.4.8. The largest effects of future climatic variability or change on northwest forests in the USA are likely to arise from changes in fire frequency and fire severity. The past two decades demonstrated increasing burned areas in Canada, the western United States and Russia, because of both climatic conditions and other factors such as fuel conditions, ignition sources, land use change and variations in fire protection (Westerling et al. 2006; Gillet et al. 2004).
Educational Leadership and Social Justice: Practice into Theory:

In this article Dewey's conceptions of theory and practice provide a conceptual framework for understanding the moral and political possibilities of educational leadership. Specifically, the differ...
Courts or Tribunals? Federal Courts and the Common Law

Every Justice, save perhaps Justice Breyer, has recently subscribed to an opinion raising questions in one or another context about whether federal courts can appropriately exercise common law law-making functions that had, until these questions began to appear, been characteristic of all American courts. To invoke a special class of "federal tribunal" whose actions are not to be confused with those of common law courts suggests broader implications than the long-familiar debates about Erie RR. Co. v. Tompkins, or more recent contentions over when, if ever, it is appropriate to infer privately enforceable judicial remedies in aid of federal statutes; this seems to be about the nature of the institutions, not elements of their jurisdiction or prudential rules for the exercise of their powers. The paper, given as the Daniel Meador Lecture at Alabama Law School this fall, finds no historical or constitutional basis for these doubts, insofar as they concern interstitial law-making on subjects within Congress's legislative competence. Indeed, it argues, drawing on extensive analysis of several settings and cases, such functions have particular importance where state court common law judgments can impair the implementation of federal law. The doubts, it suggests, are more properly understood as reflecting a certain discomfort with the changing character of the judicial function in modern times. High court judges today choose the questions they will decide, in a framework that encourages them to favor the legal system's need for definition over party claims for justice as the basis for choice; and from an enormous volume of potential targets for decision that puts the discipline of common law processes in question. The discomfort is widespread, and it is perhaps more instinctual than intellectual, a realization that the ground has shifted without yet quite knowing what to do about it. In repeated arguments about precedent, and perhaps unexpected adherence to it, one can find expression of the tensions between the prior model of litigant-required judging, and the new powers of policy-directed choice. The certiorari function brings forward the law-making side of judging, and at the same time reflects a weakening of the possibilities for hierarchical control within the judiciary. Our common-law premises cannot explain either development. In groping for an understanding and accommodation, the Justices appear often enough to be behaving in the familiar, unconscious mode. In the unspoken battle between agenda-setting and judging, we should all hope judging wins.
TEACHING STATISTICAL CONSULTING: STATISTICAL AND NON-STATISTICAL ASPECTS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an interdisciplinary approach to teaching statistical consulting. The program described in this chapter presents an alternative way to achieve many of the goals of the internship program. The program embodies many features of an internship program. In addition, the program offers the option to cover some additional ground not usually considered in consulting internships. More students can be taught using the course program than using an internship program. The basic nonstatistical and statistical concepts are covered as a group in an orderly fashion rather than dealing only with the subset that would occur in selected consulting sessions. In this way, the group can learn from the literature and from each other. Students may see more consulting styles in the course than in internships. The supervision procedures described in this chapter could profitably be added to an internship program. It is a good idea for instructors to increase the number of hours of consultation that students do in the presence of a faculty member before seeing their own clients, though this form of supervision can get expensive, time-wise.