cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mitral regurgitation caused by chronic ergotamine use

1. Killian DM, Furiasse JG, Scanlon PJ, Loeb HS, Sullivan HJ. Constrictive pericarditis after cardiac surgery. A,M HEART J 1989;118:563-8. 2. Masui T, Finck S, Higgins CB. Constrictive pericm-ditis restrictive cardiomyopathy: evaluation with MR imaging. Radiology 1992;182:369-73. 3. Oh JK, Hatle LK, Seward JB, Danielson GK, Schaff HV, Reeder GS, Tajik AJ. Diagnostic role of Doppler echocardiography in constrictive pericarditis. J Am Coil Cardiol 1994;23:154-62. 4. McCaughan BC, SchaffHV, Piehler JM, Danielson GK, Orszulak TA, Puga FJ, Pluth JR, Connolly DC, McGoon DC. Early and late results of pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1985;89:340-50. 5. Voelkel AG, Pietro Da, Folland ED, Fisher ML, Parisi AF. Echocardiographic features of constrictive pericarditis. Circulation 1978;58:871-5. 6. Sutton FJ, Whitley NO, Appelfeld MM. The role of echocardiography and computed tomography in the evaluation of constrictive pericarditis. AM HEART J 1985;109:350-5. 7. Hatle LK, Appleton CP, Popp RL. Differentiation of constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy by Doppler echocardiography. Circulation 1989;79:357-70. 8. Sagar K, Wann S, Paulsen W, Romhilt D. Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of Hancock and Bjork-Shiley prosthetic valves. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986;7:681-7.
Energy estimates for area minimizing hypersurfaces with arbitrary boundaries

A notion of constrained least energy is defined for functions mapping a subset of Euclidean space to the circle. Under appropriate hypotheses, existence of such constrained least energy functions is proved. Finally, an integral bound is proved for functions nearly minimizing the constrained energy.
A Portable Local Exhaust Hood System Used to Sample One-Ton Containers Previously Filled with Chemical Warfare Munitions

Abstract The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Muscle Shoals, Alabama, by contract with the Department of the Army, Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA), Denver, Colorado, sampled and verified the decontamination level of 2354 empty one-ton containers (TCs) previously used to store chemical warfare munitions. The TCs had previously been chemically and/or thermally decontaminated and were stored at RMA awaiting removal and disposal. The size and weight of the TCs prohibited placing them inside an enclosure during sampling. To enable sampling containers in place, a portable local exhaust hood was devised to protect sampling personnel and to prevent the release of any residual chemical agent vapors to the environment. Agent vapors captured by the hood were scrubbed through a 200-lb bed of activated charcoal before being released to the ambient environment. Engineers and work crews on site in Denver conceived the hood design and tested three prototypes before obtaining a functional unit. Craftspersons in Muscle Shoal...
Resonance elastic light scattering (RELS) spectroscopy of fast non-Langmuirian ligand-exchange in glutathione-induced gold nanoparticle assembly.

Abstract The interactions of a biomolecule glutathione (GSH) with citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have been investigated to evaluate the viability of a rapid GSH-capture by gold nanoparticle carriers, as a model system for applications ranging from designing nanoparticle-enhanced functional biosensor interfaces to nanomedicine. The measurements, performed using resonance elastic light scattering (RELS) spectroscopy, have shown a strong dependence of GSH-induced scattering cross-section on gold nanoparticle size. A large increase in RELS intensity after injection of GSH, in a short reaction time ( τ = 60 s), has been observed for small AuNP (5 nm dia.) and ascribed to the fast ligand-exchange followed by AuNP assembly. The unexpected non-Langmuirian concentration dependence of scattering intensity for AuNP 5nm indicates on a 2D nucleation and growth mechanism of the ligand-exchange process. The ligand-exchange and small nanoparticle ensemble formation followed by relaxation have been observed in long term (10 h) monitoring of GSH–AuNP interactions by RELS. The results of molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical calculations corroborate the mechanism of the formation of hydrogen-bonded GSH-linkages and interparticle interactions and show that the assembly is driven by multiple H-bonding between GSH-capped AuNP and electrostatic zwitterionic interactions. The RELS spectroscopy has been found as a very sensitive tool for studying interparticle interactions. The application of RELS can be expanded to monitor reactivities and assembly of other monolayer-protected metal clusters, especially in very fast processes which cannot be followed by other techniques.
Efficient Allocations in Dynamic Private Information Economies with Persistent Shocks: A First-Order Approach

This article studies efficient allocations in a dynamic private information economy with a continuum of idiosyncratic shocks that are persistent. I develop a first-order approach for this environment and show that the problem has a simple recursive structure that relies on only a small number of state variables, making the problem tractable. I find sufficient conditions that guarantee that the first-order approach is valid. To illustrate the first-order approach I numerically compute the efficient allocations in a Mirrleesean economy with productivity shocks that follow a random walk and verify the validity of the first-order approach. I show that persistent shocks create a new trade-off where the social planner decreases the informational rent of the agent today at the cost of providing higher insurance in the future. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.
Mechanistic data and cancer risk assessment: The need for quantitative molecular endpoints

The cancer risk assessment process as currently proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency allows for the use of mechanistic data to inform the low-dose tumor response in humans and in laboratory animals. The aim is to reduce the reliance on defaults that introduce a relatively high level of uncertainty to the risk estimates. The types of data required for this purpose are those that help identify key events in tumor formation following exposure to environmental chemicals. Informative biomarkers of tumor responses could then be developed for describing the shape of a dose-response curve at low doses (i.e., a qualitative assessment) and for predicting tumor frequency at these low doses (i.e., a quantitative assessment). A number of recently developed molecular approaches could aid in the development of qualitatively and quantitatively informative biomarkers. An overview of these with examples of their use is presented. These methods include quantitative gene expression array techniques, quantitative proteomic assays, and the assessment of DNA alterations at the single gene level and at the genome level of detection. It is most likely that a combination of approaches at different levels of cellular organization (i.e., DNA, RNA, and protein) will be the most productive for biomarker development. The rapid progress that is being made will make this tool kit even more applicable for the cancer risk assessment process.
Macrophage/Microglia Regulation of Astrocytic Tenascin: Synergistic Action of Transforming Growth Factor-β and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor

After injury to the CNS, extracellular matrix molecules such as tenascin are upregulated around the injury site and may be involved in inhibition of axon growth. In the present study, astrocytes were investigated to determine which cell types, growth factors, or cytokines are responsible for the injury-induced regulation of tenascin. The addition of activated macrophage- or microglial-conditioned medium increased astrocytic expression of tenascin 2.5-fold, as determined by Northern and Western blot analysis and ELISA. Of the cytokines and growth factors examined, only transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) significantly induced an increase in the production of astrocytic tenascin. Examination of macrophage and microglial supernatants showed the presence of TGF-β1 but not bFGF; however, the TGF-β1 concentration in supernatants was lower than that expected to induce an increase in astrocytic tenascin similar to that seen with recombinant TGF-β1. Western blot analysis of astrocytes showed only the presence of bFGF. Compared with the responses of the individual growth factors, tenascin production by astrocytes was dramatically potentiated when grown in the presence of a combination of both TGF-β1 and bFGF. A similar synergistic effect was observed after the addition of either TGF-β1 or bFGF to macrophage-conditioned medium. Northern analysis also showed concomitant increases in TGF-β1, bFGF, and tenascin after CNS injury to animals 14 d of age or older. These results show that the regulation of astrocytic tenascin is mediated by the synergistic action of TGF-β1 and bFGF in vitro and after injury in vivo .
FutureTox II: Contemporary Concepts in Toxicology: "Pathways to prediction: in vitro and in silico models for predictive toxicology".

SUSAN A. ELMORE, ANNE M. RYAN, CHARLES E. WOOD, TORRIE A. CRABBS, AND ROBERT C. SILLS National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Pfizer Inc., Pfizer Global R&D, Groton, Connecticut, USA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
Electrophysiological evidence of attentional biases in social anxiety disorder

Background Previous studies investigating attentional biases in social anxiety disorder (SAD) have yielded mixed results. Recent event-related potential (ERP) studies employing the dot-probe paradigm in non-anxious participants have shown that the P1 component is sensitive to visuospatial attention toward emotional faces. We used a dot-probe task in conjunction with high-density ERPs and source localization to investigate attentional biases in SAD.
Micro-Molded Cannulae for Intracochlear Infusions in Small Rodents

The design, fabrication, and testing of micro- cannulae with integrated insertion stops is presented. The micro-cannulae were engineered through the use of a silicon micro-mold fabricated via bulk-silicon micro-machining techniques. The use of microelectronic fabrication techniques allows precise control of three critical parameters, insertion depth, interface contact area, and tubing out of round. Worst case variations were found to be 5mum for insertion depth, 502mum2 for interface contact area, and 7% for tip out of round. Histological evaluation revealed the cannula to be located correctly within the basal portion of scala tympani.
Tectonic Subsidence of the Early Paleozoic Passive Continental Margin in Eastern California and Southern Nevada

Quantitative analysis of tectonic subsidence in Cambrian and Ordovician platform carbonates and associated strata exposed in the Spring Mountains (Nevada) and the Nopah, Funeral, and Inyo Ranges (California) indicates that subsidence associated with this segment of the early Paleozoic passive continental margin is exponential in form, consistent with thermal contraction of the lithosphere following extension. As in other parts of the North American Cordillera, continental separation in the southern Great Basin appears to have taken place between 590 and 545 Ma. These results are not sensitive to uncertainties in stratigraphic thickness, biostratigraphic age control, or paleobathymetry. Uncertainties in the Cambrian time scale lead to predictable variations in the inferred time of onset of thermal subsidence, but they have no effect on the inferred stratigraphic position of the rift to post-rift transition. A younger age for the base of the Middle Cambrian results in a younger inferred age of onset of thermal subsidence accompanied by greater rates of subsidence during the Cambrian, whereas a significantly older estimate of the onset of thermal subsidence can be obtained only if the base of the Middle Cambrian is substantially older than 540 Ma, a possibility that is inconsistent with available data. Results of the subsidence analysis are particularly significant because this is one of the few regions along the length of the North American Cordillera where they can be compared directly to the geologic evidence for syn-rift and post-rift deposition. Basement-involved faulting associated with the Amargosa basin ("aulacogen") ceased during deposition of the Noonday Dolomite, which is thought to be older than 700-680 Ma on the basis of stromatolites of late Riphean affinity. The overlying Johnnie Formation contains supposed Vendian stromatolites (younger than 700-680 Ma). If it is assumed that our results indicate the timing of the final rift to post-rift transition, then either the ages inferred from stromatolites are incorrect or the lithosphere was thinned regionally after deposition of the Noonday. The latter possibility is supported by limited geologic evidence for extension in latest Proterozoic and Early Cambrian time. The lack of appreciable physical evidence for crustal extension after deposition of the Noonday, however, may imply that (1) a uniform extension model for lithospheric thinning is inappropriate for this part of the margin or that (2) some or all of the localities studied are continentward of the hinge zone, and that the observed subsidence is exaggerated by flexural loading in a deeper basin to the west.
Dynamic camera calibration of roadside traffic management cameras

We present an algorithm to calibrate roadside traffic management cameras to create a traffic speed sensor. We present a simplified camera model that can produce good single vehicle speed estimates.
Distribution, Abundance, and Population Trends of Bull Trout in Idaho

Abstract Broad-scale declines in populations of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus over the past century or more led the Idaho Department of Fish and Game to implement statewide no-harvest regulations on bull trout in 1994 and ultimately led to a threatened listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1998. Despite this listing, quantitative evaluations of trends in abundance and estimates of population size over most of the species' historical range have not been made. We evaluated bull trout distribution, abundance, and trends in abundance using stratified sampling extrapolations of fish surveys (snorkeling and electrofishing) conducted at 2,521 survey sites (most distributed nonrandomly) across 77,447 km of stream. Bull trout were captured at 887 (35%) of the sites. Within the 262 local populations designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service within seven Idaho recovery units, the number of 70-mm total length and larger bull trout was estimated at 1.13 million; this estimate was most likely bias...
Learning transportation mode from raw gps data for geographic applications on the web

Geographic information has spawned many novel Web applications where global positioning system (GPS) plays important roles in bridging the applications and end users. Learning knowledge from users' raw GPS data can provide rich context information for both geographic and mobile applications. However, so far, raw GPS data are still used directly without much understanding. In this paper, an approach based on supervised learning is proposed to automatically infer transportation mode from raw GPS data. The transportation mode, such as walking, driving, etc., implied in a user's GPS data can provide us valuable knowledge to understand the user. It also enables context-aware computing based on user's present transportation mode and design of an innovative user interface for Web users. Our approach consists of three parts: a change point-based segmentation method, an inference model and a post-processing algorithm based on conditional probability. The change point-based segmentation method was compared with two baselines including uniform duration based and uniform length based methods. Meanwhile, four different inference models including Decision Tree, Bayesian Net, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Conditional Random Field (CRF) are studied in the experiments. We evaluated the approach using the GPS data collected by 45 users over six months period. As a result, beyond other two segmentation methods, the change point based method achieved a higher degree of accuracy in predicting transportation modes and detecting transitions between them. Decision Tree outperformed other inference models over the change point based segmentation method.
Measured capacities at 5.8 GHz of indoor MIMO systems with MIMO interference

The capacity performances of two interfering flat-fading MIMO links are determined based on measured channels. Time-multiplexing of the links (TDMA), that is, when the MIMO links take turns operating without interference, serves as our baseline case. We compare this to the spatial-multiplexed case (SDMA), which allows both MIMO links to operate simultaneously. Under SDMA, both open-loop (no channel state information, CSI, is used at the transmitter) and closed-loop (CSI is used at the transmitter) operation are considered. Using data measured by virtual arrays, we explore the effects of line-of-sight (LOS), element spacing, correlated fading, and interference that has various levels of spatial correlation with the intended signal. Results show the benefit of wider element spacing in the channels without interference, especially when LOS is available, and with correlated interference if stream control is employed. However, wider spacing is hurtful if stream control is lacking.
Skin molecule maps using mass spectrometry.

Bouslimani et al. (1) have produced a wealth of new chemical information about human skin using impressive analytical chemistry, data handling, and big data representation. The authors examine skin cells, skin tissue and, overwhelmingly, swabs of selected regions of the skin. These samples, microbial strains, and beauty product samples were fractionated by chromatography and tandem MS (MS/MS) data were recorded. A unique set of MS/MS transitions was obtained by pairwise comparison and a metabolomics database helped to identify individual compounds and create molecular networks. Despite the massive amounts of data taken, there is neither a claim of complete coverage nor are biological variations explored; most of the identified compounds originate in personal hygiene and beauty products. There are also quirky observations, such as finding the MALDI matrix sinapic acid on a subject’s hands (could this person be a chemist?). Implicit in the study are questions of whether in beauty care we are repeating past mistakes with chemical overuse. The study certainly informs us on what is left on our skin when we wash away the products that we dab, spray, smear, or deluge on ourselves.
COLOR QUALITY OF FROZEN STRAWBERRIES: EFFECT OF ANTHOCYANIN, pH, TOTAL ACIDITY AND ASCORBIC ACID VARIABILITY

SUMMARY— 40 lots of strawberries, consisting of 13 different selections and 5 varieties, were packed as frozen, sliced, sugared (4:1) fruit. Total anthocyanin content, the relative amounts of pelargonidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside, ascorbic acid, pH, total acidity, soluble solids and Gardner L, a, b. determinations were made. After 9 months of storage, panel evaluation of the color quality and Gardner L, a and b determinations were taken. Results of correlation analyses indicated that pH was the only objective measurement having a high correlation with color quality. Neither ascorbic acid, total acidity nor soluble solids had significant correlations with color quality. From regression equation values, it was calculated that berries should have a pH of 3.51 or lower to have acceptable color after freezing. Anthocyanin content should be in the approximate range 450–700 μg/g to have acceptable color quality.
Anatoxin-a(s), a naturally occurring organophosphate, is an irreversible active site-directed inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7).

Anatoxin-a(s) is a guanidine methyl phosphate ester (unprotonated molecular ion equals 252 daltons) isolated from the freshwater cyanobac-terium (blue-green alga) Anabaena flos-aquae strain NRC 525–17. Previous work has shown anatoxin-a(s) to be a potent irreversible inhibitor of electric eel ace-tylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7, AChE). In the present study the interaction of anatoxin-a(s) with AChE was investigated by protection studies and since similarities have been noted between anatoxin-a(s) and the synthetic organophosphate anticholinesterases, the ability of reactivators to reactivate the inhibited enzyme was investigated. Treatments directed toward eliminating poisoning symptoms and in vivo protection from anatoxin-a(s) poisonings were investigated using oxime reactivators and atropine or pretreatment with a carbamate and atropine. Anatoxin-a(s) was shown to be an active site-directed inhibitor of acetyl-cholinesterase which is resistant to oxime reactivation due to the structure of its enzyme adduct. In vivo pretreatment with physostigmine and high concentrations of 2-PAM were the only effective antagonists against a lethal dose of anatoxin-a(s).
The Diagenesis of Proteins and Amino Acids in Fossil Shells

Proteins are one of the major classes of biopolymers in organisms. These nitrogen-containing macromolecules, comprised of amino acid building blocks, constitute more than 50 percent of the dry weight of most animal tissues. Proteins fulfill a variety of biochemical roles including strengthening of connective tissues, muscles, and membranes and regulation of metabolic activities and immunological functions. Geological interest in these compounds focuses on the role of proteins in invertebrate biomineralization and on the application of amino acid racemization reactions in fossil shells and bones to chronostratigraphy.
CMOS dynamic linking networks for real-time human face tracking

Dynamic linking networks are very effective in locating human faces, as they are invariant to changes in position, orientation, scale, deformation, and partial lighting. Additionally, these networks are well suited for analog VLSI using very simple CMOS circuits such as programmable ring oscillators, strongly coupled diffusion lattices, and AC-coupled Hebbian synapses. Dynamic linking networks are orders of magnitude faster than digital computers, thus they provide a fast, efficient, and robust means of tracking faces in real-time. Transistor-level simulation results are presented for the .5 /spl mu/m TSMC CMOS technology with 3-volt supply.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha produces hepatocellular dysfunction despite normal cardiac output and hepatic microcirculation.

Although plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are elevated and hepatocellular dysfunction occurs even in the early hyperdynamic stage of sepsis, the precise mechanism responsible for this dysfunction remains unknown. Although TNF at high doses produces circulatory failure, it is not known whether the dose of TNF that does not adversely affect hemodynamics alters hepatocellular function. To study this, recombinant murine TNF-alpha was infused intravenously (0.05 or 0.25 mg/kg) over 30 min in normal rats. At 1 and 4 h after infusion of TNF-alpha or an equivalent volume of saline, hepatocellular function [i.e., maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km)] was assessed using in vivo indocyanine green clearance without blood sampling. Additional parameters measured were as follows: cardiac output by dye dilution, hepatic microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmetry and colloidal carbon infusion, plasma TNF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by cytokine-dependent cellular assays, and plasma glucose enzymatically. The results indicate that although infusion of 0.05 mg/kg TNF-alpha did not affect Vmax and Km, its infusion at 0.25 mg/kg produced a significant depression of hepatocellular function and markedly increased the synthesis and/or release of IL-6. TNF-alpha-induced hepatocellular dysfunction was not associated with any significant changes in hepatic microcirculation, plasma glucose, cardiac output, and other measured hemodynamic parameters. Thus hepatocellular dysfunction observed after TNF infusion may be due to the direct effect of this cytokine alone or in combination with IL-6.
Cloud adjacency effects on top-of-atmosphere radiance and ocean color data products: A statistical assessment

Abstract Ocean color measurements taken near cloud boundaries suffer from cloud adjacency effects (AEs). As a result, ~ 50% of the cloud-free ocean data are flagged as low quality. Quantitative assessment of such effects, as well as the methodology required to minimize, or correct for them, is rarely available. The goal of this study is to quantify such effects on top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance and ocean color data products for MODIS/Terra, MODIS/Aqua, and SeaWiFS measurements. The AEs estimation was based on statistics and an objective method applied to carefully selected clear-water scenes (the number of cloud patches was > 100,000 for each instrument) where ocean properties are relatively homogeneous, over both the North Atlantic and South Pacific. The AEs were quantified as the relative difference between the near-cloud pixels and pixels at least 20 km away from any cloud. Results show that the AEs on TOA radiance share similar patterns among the three missions. Specifically, the AEs decrease sharply as distance increases from cloud edges, and the AEs increase monotonically with increasing wavelengths because they were evaluated in relative rather than absolute terms. However, while discernable memory effects (MEs) are observed on cloud-adjacency pixels of both MODIS missions, they are insignificant on the SeaWiFS mission, and are found in measurements along the scan direction downstream of the clouds, representing > 15% of the total AEs in TOA radiance. The AEs on the retrieved remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) data products are different among the three missions possibly due to their differences in vicarious calibration and uncertainties in atmospheric correction, leading to different patterns in the chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and normalized Florescence Line Height (nFLH) data products. Large AEs (> 50%) are observed in nFLH of both MODIS/Terra and MODIS/Aqua, likely due to the opposite AEs on Rrs between 667 and 678 nm. Finally, when the OCI Chl-a algorithm is used, the current MODIS stray-light masking window (7 × 5) used to mask the AE-contaminated pixels may be relaxed to 3 × 3 without sacrificing data quality, leading to > 40% of the previously masked low-quality data being recovered for clear waters.
Antibody-secreting cells to deliver antibody against brain metastases

3047 Background: Antibody (AB) therapy has been successful against breast cancer, but brain mets are not well controlled. One likely factor is that AB molecules are too large to cross the blood-bra...
The Feynman-Kac formula with a Lebesgue-Stieltjes measure and Feynman's operational calculus

We investigate what happens if in the Feynman-Kac functional, we perform the time integration with respect to a Borel measure η rather than ordinary Lebesgue measure l. Let u(t) be the operator associated with this functional through path integration. We show that u(t), considered as a function of time t, satisfies a certain Volterra-Stieltjes integral equation. This result establishes a “FeynmanKac formula with Lebesgue-Stieltjes measure η.” One recovers the classical Feynman-Kac formula by letting η = l. We deduce from the integral equation that u(t) satisfies a differential equation associated with the continuous part μ of η when η = μ = l, this differential equation reduces to the heat or the Schrodinger equation in the probabilistic or quantum-mechanical case, respectively. Moreover, we observe a new phenomenon, due to the discrete part v of η: the function u(t) undergoes a discontinuity at every point in the support of v, assumed here to be finite. Further, one obtains an explicit expression for u(t) in terms of operators alternatively associated with μ and v. Our results are new even in the probabilistic or “imaginary time” case and allow us to unify various concepts. The derivation of our integral equation has an interesting combinatorial structure and makes essential use of the “generalized Dyson series”— recently introduced by G. W. Johnson and the author—that “disentangle” the operator u(t). We provide natural physical interpretations of our results in both the diffusion and quantum-mechanical cases. We also suggest further connections with FeynmanȈs operational calculus for noncommuting operators.
An update on the comorbidity of ADHD and ASD: a focus on clinical management

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly co-occur. With the DSM-5, clinicians are permitted to make an ASD diagnosis in the context of ADHD. In earlier versions of the DSM, this was not acceptable. Both ASD and ADHD are reported to have had substantial increases in prevalence within the past 10 years. As a function of both the increased prevalence of both disorders as well as the ability to make an ASD diagnosis in ADHD, there has been a significant amount of research focusing on the comorbidity between ADHD and ASD in the past few years. Here, we provide an update on the biological, cognitive and behavioral overlap/distinctiveness between the two neurodevelopmental disorders with a focus on data published in the last four years. Treatment strategies for the comorbid condition as well as future areas of research and clinical need are discussed.
Supporting scalable analytics with latency constraints

Recently there has been a significant interest in building big data analytics systems that can handle both "big data" and "fast data". Our work is strongly motivated by recent real-world use cases that point to the need for a general, unified data processing framework to support analytical queries with different latency requirements. Toward this goal, we start with an analysis of existing big data systems to understand the causes of high latency. We then propose an extended architecture with mini-batches as granularity for computation and shuffling, and augment it with new model-driven resource allocation and runtime scheduling techniques to meet user latency requirements while maximizing throughput. Results from real-world workloads show that our techniques, implemented in Incremental Hadoop, reduce its latency from tens of seconds to sub-second, with 2x-5x increase in throughput. Our system also outperforms state-of-the-art distributed stream systems, Storm and Spark Streaming, by 1-2 orders of magnitude when combining latency and throughput.
Introduction: Globalization and Race in World Capitalism

Scholars of world-systems and global political economy have wrestled for decades with the genesis of 'race' as a social construct and its historical significance for the system of world capitalism. Transformations in the world capitalist system pose a new challenge to Western theories of race. Older colonial structures may be giving way in the face of capitalist globalization. Racial or ethnic dimensions of the relations of exploitation in the capitalist world-system need to be reconceptualized. This symposium aims to generated debate and interchange among scholars on such a reconceptualization and to contribute to real world struggles against racial inequities.
Jurispathic Baltimore? Law and Nomoi in The Wire:

Robert Cover argues that nomoi (normative universes) exist and operate in law-like fashion, serving as a competitor with the state’s law. The state’s response is jurispathic – it attempts to kill o...
A rapid quantitative method for the separation of free fatty acids from other lipids

A method for the separation of free fatty acids from other lipids is presented. Silicic acid treated with isopropanol-KOH and washed with ethyl ether serves as the column packing. The sample is introduced in ethyl ether, and neutral lipids are eluted with this solvent. Fatty acids are removed from the column with 50 ml of 2% formic acid in ethyl ether followed by 75 to 100 ml of ethyl ether. Phospholipids are retained on the column. The results of 26 analyses of fatty acids mixed with various other lipids showed an average recovery of 98.3% for free fatty acids.
A Selectionist Theory of Language Acquisition

This paper argues that developmental patterns in child language be taken seriously in computational models of language acquisition, and proposes a formal theory that meets this criterion. We first present developmental facts that are problematic for statistical learning approaches which assume no prior knowledge of grammar, and for traditional learnability models which assume the learner moves from one UG-defined grammar to another. In contrast, we view language acquisition as a population of grammars associated with "weights", that compete in a Darwinian selectionist process. Selection is made possible by the variational properties of individual grammars; specifically, their differential compatibility with the primary linguistic data in the environment. In addition to a convergence proof, we present empirical evidence in child language development, that a learner is best modeled as multiple grammars in co-existence and competition.
Husserl’s Rewriting of Empathy in Husserl

In all of Edmund Husserl’s published writings, “empathy” is a part of the superstructure of intersubjectivity (community), and in no case is it a primitive function at the foundation of intersubjectivity. Edith Stein’s use and mention of “empathy” are in effect passed over by Husserl even as he uses most of the underlying empathic distinctions. The sense of “the other” is separately constituted aside from empathic intentionality in the Fifth Meditation. The radicalization of the sense of “the other” in the Fifth Cartesian Meditation is traced to “mutual sense giving” at which point intersubjectivity explodes the limits of the sphere of ownness and a way out of the impasse of solipsism is sought in Husserl’s Nachlass (posthumous publications Volumes XIII, XIV, and XV). Thus, Husserl rewrites his own published approach to empathy in which “communalization” is reconstructed as “vicarious experience” and Husserl dramatically writes: “Monads have windows [….] The windows are empathy.”
Epigenetics and Cancer

Epigenetic characteristics are heritable features, propagated through cell division, that contribute to cellular identity independent of DNA sequence. Such characteristics include DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, and non-coding RNA-dependent gene regulation. Over the past few decades, epigenetic changes in cancer have become recognized and widely accepted as important contributors to malignant transformation. Such alterations result in a transcriptional program that promotes molecular diversity and provides a selective advantage to cancer cells through tumor suppressor gene silencing and aberrant oncogene activation. Causes of epigenetic aberrations remain under active investigation and include at least stochastic changes associated with aging, mutations in epigenetic modifying enzymes, and altered cellular metabolism through changing the metabolite repertoire. A number of therapies targeting epigenetic modifiers have been approved by the FDA for cancer treatment, and many others are in clinical trials. Ongoing research is focused on better understanding mechanisms contributing to the altered epigenome, how the altered epigenome contributes to malignant transformation, and how epigenetic therapies can be best applied clinically to patients most likely to benefit from them.
Thermometry of plasmonic nanostructures by anti-Stokes electronic Raman scattering

Measurements of temperature of optically excited plasmonic nanostructures are needed to evaluate their functionality and thermal stability. Here, we describe a simple, accurate, and non-invasive thermometry based on anti-Stokes electronic Raman scattering. We validate the approach using an array of uniformly heated Au nanodisks and perform experiments on the heating of individual nanodisk by a focused laser beam. The steady-state temperature rise of an individual nanodisk has comparable contributions from the thermal conductance of the Au/quartz interface and heat spreading in the quartz substrate. The temperature measurements have an accuracy of 3% of the absolute temperature in the range of temperatures 300 < T < 700 K.
How Often are Pediatric Patients with Clinically Amyopathic Dermatomyositis Truly Amyopathic

Background Pediatric patients can present with skin manifestations of dermatomyositis without overt weakness (clinically amyopathic juvenile dermatomyositis [JDM]), but it is unclear how often this happens and how often they have subclinical muscle inflammation. Objective Our goal was to determine the frequency of clinically amyopathic JDM and the frequency with which a thorough evaluation uncovers subclinical myositis at a single institution. Methods A retrospective review was performed of 46 patients diagnosed with JDM at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin. Results Of 46 patients presenting with skin findings consistent with dermatomyositis, 10 patients (21.7%) did not have evidence of muscle involvement on history or exam, and these tended to be the younger patients. Of these 10, only 2 (4% of all the JDM patients) were truly amyopathic upon further evaluation (all five muscle enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and aldolase], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], muscle biopsy). In our series, muscle biopsy was not helpful in identifying subclinical myositis. In contrast, MRI did uncover subclinical muscle disease. Conclusion These data suggest that truly amyopathic JDM is rare and that a thorough workup that includes all five muscle enzymes and MRI may uncover occult myositis.
Genome-wide profiling identifies associations between lupus nephritis and differential methylation of genes regulating tissue hypoxia and type 1 interferon responses

Objective Previous studies have shown that differential DNA methylation is associated with SLE susceptibility. How DNA methylation affects the clinical heterogeneity of SLE has not been fully defined. We conducted this study to identify differentially methylated CpG sites associated with nephritis among women with SLE. Methods The methylation status of 428 229 CpG sites across the genome was characterised for peripheral blood cells from 322 women of European descent with SLE, 80 of whom had lupus nephritis, using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Multivariable linear regression adjusting for population substructure and leucocyte cell proportions was used to identify differentially methylated sites associated with lupus nephritis. The influence of genetic variation on methylation status was investigated using data from a genome-wide association study of SLE. Pathway analyses were used to identify biological processes associated with lupus nephritis. Results We identified differential methylation of 19 sites in 18 genomic regions that was associated with nephritis among patients with SLE (false discovery rate q HIF3A , IFI44 and PRR4 were replicated when examining methylation data derived from CD4+ T cells collected from an independent set of patients with SLE. These associations were not driven by genetic variation within or around the genomic regions. In addition, genes associated with lupus nephritis in a prior genome-wide association study were not differentially methylated in this epigenome-wide study. Pathway analysis indicated that biological processes involving type 1 interferon responses and the development of the immune system were associated with nephritis in patients with SLE. Conclusions Differential methylation of genes regulating the response to tissue hypoxia and interferon-mediated signalling is associated with lupus nephritis among women with SLE. These findings have not been identified in genetic studies of lupus nephritis, suggesting that epigenome-wide association studies can help identify the genomic differences that underlie the clinical heterogeneity of SLE.
Radiopharmaceutical chemistry of targeted radiotherapeutics, part 4: Strategies for 211At labeling at high activities and radiation doses of 211At α-particles.

Abstract Introduction Alpha particles are radiation of high energy and short range, properties that can lead to radiolysis-mediated complications in labeling chemistry at the high radioactivity levels required for clinical application. In previous papers in this series, we have shown that radiation dose has a profound effect on the astatine species that are present in the labeling reaction and their suitability for the synthesis of N -succinimidyl 3-[ 211 At]astatobenzoate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding N -chlorosuccinimide (NCS) to the methanol solution used for initial isolation of 211 At after distillation, a process referred to as 211 At stabilization, on 211 At chemistry after exposure to high radiation doses. Methods High performance liquid chromatography was used to evaluate the distribution of 211 At species present in methanol in the 500–65,000Gy radiation dose range and the synthesis of SAB from N -succinimidyl 3-(tri- n -butylstannyl)benzoate in the 500–120,000Gy radiation dose range using different 211 At timeactivity combinations under conditions with/without 211 At stabilization. Results In the absence of NCS stabilization, a reduced form of astatine, At(2), increased with increasing radiation dose, accounting for about half the total activity by about 15,000Gy, while with stabilization, At(2) accounted for 211 At activity even at doses >60,000Gy. SAB yields without stabilization rapidly declined with increasing dose, falling to ~20% at about 5000Gy while with stabilization, yields >80% were obtained with 211 At solutions stored for more than 23h and receiving radiation doses >100,000Gy. Conclusions Adding NCS to the methanol solution used for initial isolation of 211 At is a promising strategy for countering the deleterious effects of radiolysis on 211 At chemistry. Advances in knowledge and implications for patient care This strategy could facilitate the ability to perform 211 At labeling at sites remote from its production and at the high activity levels required for clinical applications.
Advances in containment methods and plutonium recovery strategies that led to the structural characterization of plutonium(IV) tetrachloride tris-diphenylsulfoxide, PuCl4(OSPh2)3

Abstract In an attempt to further advance the understanding of plutonium coordination chemistry, we report a robust method for recycling and obtaining plutonium aqueous stock solutions that can be used as a convenient starting material in plutonium synthesis. This approach was used to prepare and characterize plutonium(IV) tetrachloride tris-diphenylsulfoxide, PuCl4(OSPh2)3, by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The PuCl4(OSPh2)3 compound represents a rare example of a 7-coordinate plutonium(IV) complex. Structural characterization of PuCl4(OSPh2)3 by X-ray diffraction utilized a new containment method for radioactive crystals. The procedure makes use of epoxy, polyimide loops, and a polyester sheath to provide a robust method for safely containing and easily handling radioactive samples. The described procedure is more user friendly than traditional containment methods that employ fragile quartz capillary tubes. Additionally, moving to polyester, instead of quartz, lowers the background scattering from the heavier silicon atoms.
Effect of Grade on Thermal–Mechanical Behavior of Steel During Initial Solidification

Thermal–mechanical analysis of solidification is important to understand crack formation, shape problems, and other aspects of casting processes. This work investigates the effect of grade on thermal–mechanical behavior during initial solidification of steels during continuous casting of a wide strand. The employed finite element model includes non-linear temperature-, phase-, and carbon content-dependent elastic–viscoplastic constitutive equations. The model is verified using an analytical solution, and a mesh convergence study is performed. Four steel grades are simulated for 30 seconds of casting without friction: ultra-low-carbon, low-carbon, peritectic, and high-carbon steel. All grades show the same general behavior. Initially, rapid cooling causes tensile stress and inelastic strain near the surface of the shell, with slight complementary compression beneath the surface, especially with lower carbon content. As the cooling rate decreases with time, the surface quickly reverses into compression, with a tensile region developing toward the solidification front. Higher stress and inelastic strain are generated in the high-carbon steel, because it contains more high-strength austenite. Stress in the δ-ferrite phase near the solidification front is always very small, owing to the low strength of this phase. This modeling methodology is a step toward designing better mold taper profiles for continuous casting of different steels.
Digital blockchain networks appear to be following Metcalfes Law

Public ledger systems provide us a wealth of information for their network analysis.Network effects on the growth of some of the networks was confirmed.A new network model presented here modeled the networks well as did Metcalfes law.The networks value was related to the exponential of the root of its active users.The mathematical form of the model allows for new ways of analyzing the networks. An analysis of some of the recent blockchain networks is presented to determine if they satisfy Metcalfes Law, as has been shown for some online social media networks. The value of the network was modeled based on the price of the digital currency in use on the network, and the number of users by the number of unique addresses each day that engage in transactions on the network. The Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Dash networks were analyzed. The analysis shows that the networks were fairly well modeled by Metcalfe's Law, which identifies the value of a network as proportional to the square of the number of its nodes, or end users. A new network model was also presented that shows the value to be proportional to the exponential of the root of the number of users participating in the network, and shows good agreement as well. Conditions for determining critical mass based on the new model were also presented. Finally, the potential for identifying value bubbles that can be spotted as deviations in value from the model was discussed and illustrated using the data from one of the networks. Those value bubbles show up where repeated extremely high value increases are not accompanied by any commensurate increase in the number of participating users, or any other development that could give rise to the higher value.
Indoor environmental quality monitoring by autonomous mobile sensing

Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) monitoring is a critical task in building operation, maintenance, and diagnosis. Current approach based on static sensor network is not scalable for IEQ assessment that relies on costly sensing instruments. The study proposes to leverage autonomous mobility to reduce sensing infrastructure cost and enable real-time high-granularity monitoring that can be otherwise inhibitively laborious. Unique to the autonomous mobile sensing methodology, the collected IEQ samples are highly sparse in both spatial and temporal domains. The study develops spatio-temporal (ST) interpolation methods based on ST binning, global trend extraction, and local variation estimation, which efficiently use the data to construct accurate depiction of the indoor environment evolution. The method is evaluated by a standard protocol for ventilation assessment, where the estimation is shown to be highly correlated with the ground truth, and reveals the true ventilation conditions.