cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Itinerant fermions on a triangular lattice: Unconventional magnetism and other ordered states

We consider a system of 2D fermions on a triangular lattice with well separated electron and hole pockets of similar sizes, centered at certain high-symmetry points in the Brillouin zone. We first analyze Stoner-type spin-density-wave (SDW) magnetism. We show that SDW order is degenerate at the mean-field level. Beyond mean-field, the degeneracy is lifted and is either ${120}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ ``triangular'' order (same as for localized spins), or a collinear order with antiferromagnetic spin arrangement on two-thirds of sites, and nonmagnetic on the rest of sites. We also study a time-reversal symmetric directional spin bond order, which emerges when some interactions are repulsive and some are attractive. We show that this order is also degenerate at a mean-field level, but beyond mean-field the degeneracy is again lifted. We next consider the evolution of a magnetic order in a magnetic field starting from an SDW state in zero field. We show that a field gives rise to a canting of an SDW spin configuration. In addition, it necessarily triggers the directional bond order, which, we argue, is linearly coupled to the SDW order in a finite field. We derive the corresponding term in the free energy. Finally, we consider the interplay between an SDW order and superconductivity and charge order. For this, we analyze the flow of the couplings within parquet renormalization group (pRG) scheme. We show that magnetism wins if all interactions are repulsive and there is little energy space for pRG to develop. However, if system parameters are such that pRG runs over a wide range of energies, the system may develop either superconductivity or an unconventional charge order, which breaks time-reversal symmetry.
Bone resorption and bone metastasis risk.

Abstract Breast cancer tumors have a tendency to metastasize to the bone. After development of a bone metastasis, the median survival time is 40 months. Currently, little is known about the modifiable risk factors for developing bone metastases in women diagnosed with breast cancer. One possible modifiable risk factor is increased bone resorption. Increased bone resorption is caused by an imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts favoring osteoclast-driven bone resorption. Osteoclast activity results in the release of growth factors from the bony matrix that are requirement for successful breast cancer tumor cell proliferation within the bone. Mice studies have shown that mice that have been genetically engineered to have higher bone mineral density, and thus lower bone resorption, have a decreased incidence of bone metastases. Alternatively, mice genetically engineered to have lower bone mineral density or increased bone resorption have a higher incidence of bone metastases. In human studies, antiosteoporotic drugs have been shown to decrease osteoclast activity and prevent bone metastases. These studies suggest that increased osteoclast activity, which results in low bone mineral density, may be a modifiable risk factor for developing bone metastases in women with breast cancer. Women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer develop low bone mineral density in response to the direct effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on bone cells—including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes—and through the decrease in circulating estrogen as a result of chemotherapy-induced ovarian dysfunction. Therefore, it is important for future studies to determine the risk of developing bone metastases associated with increasing bone resorption as measured by low or decreasing bone mineral density in women diagnosed with breast cancer, as well as to determine the best intervention(s) to promote a balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts to favor osteoblast activity during chemotherapy treatment.
Buckets: A New Digital Library Technology for Preserving NASA Research

Abstract A fundamental task of research organizations is the preservation and dissemination of their intellectual output. Historically, this has been accomplished with hard copy formats through a multitiered approach of using the open literature, self-publishing, and an array of cooperative libraries and depositories. It can be argued that the historical approach is less than optimal with respect to results achieved and resources expended. However, there have been recent advances in the area of digital libraries (DLs) that address some of the shortcomings of traditional hard copy preservation and dissemination. One of these technologies is “buckets,” an aggregative, intelligent construct for publishing. Buckets exist within the “Smart Object, Dumb Archive” (SODA) DL model, which can be summarized as promoting the importance and responsibility of individual information objects and reducing the role of traditional archives and database systems. The goal is that smart objects will be independent of and more resilient to the transient nature of information systems. This paper examines the motivation for buckets and SODA, as well as discussing some initial experiences in using these DL technologies in some US government research laboratories in NASA, the Air Force, and the Department of Energy.
A demographic analysis of primate research in the United States

An analysis of primate research in the USA, including the number and species of non-human primates used, types of research, levels of invasiveness, housing conditions and funding, is an important step in addressing various concerns (ethical and scientific) surrounding primate research. An analysis of monkey and chimpanzee research, conducted by The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), demonstrated that the USA uses more non-human primates (including great apes) in research per year, than any other country in the world. The US government devotes approximately $575-800 million per year to primate research and care. Chimpanzees are most commonly used for hepatitis research; monkeys are most commonly used for HIV research, and other research areas include vaccine and drug testing, cognition, human pathologies/diseases, drug abuse and xenotransplantation. Legislation (including great ape research bans), media attention and proposed increased primate use also contribute to the overall picture of current and future non-human primate research in the USA and throughout the world. The HSUS proposes that cost-benefit analyses of non-human primate research in the USA be conducted to properly assess "value added" to relevant fields of research and whether the use of non-human primates is the only, or most effective, strategy for biomedical progress. Finally, The HSUS proposes a ban on the use of apes in research in the USA and worldwide.
A Comparison of Harmonic and Maximal Measures for Rational Functions

Let J be a Cantor repeller of a rational map f. We prove that the harmonic measure on J is absolutely continuous with respect to the measure of maximal entropy m if and only if f is conformally equivalent to a polynomial. The same is true in the case of any hyperbolic rational map.
Differential Diagnosis of Medical and Psychiatric Disorders

Psychiatry stands as a medical specialty on its own, but the distinction between psychiatry and the other specialties, particularly internal medicine and neurology, begins to blur when patients present with diseases which are diagnostic challenges to all. Clinicians appreciate the discovery of tests and methods by which rapid, accurate diagnoses can be reached. Conversely, research performed without attention to the potentially confounding factor of coexistent illness will almost certainly be less valuable than data which has been collected and analyzed with cautious regard for other influences.
TEMPERATURE AND DEFORMATION MICROSTRUCTURE IN THE SHOCK TRANSITION

There is increasing evidence that deformation within the shock transition zone involves a turbulent heterogeneous microstructure dependent, in part, on preexisting microstructure, but, at higher loading rates, is governed by more fundamental energy considerations. The evolving deformation microstructure can lead to dissipation and temperature heterogeneities of sufficient intensity to drive physical and metallurgical transformations through thermal reaction kinetics within the shock front.
Nutrition and Central Nervous System Development

Publisher Summary During the past two decades evidence from a variety of sources has accumulated, which demonstrates that severe early malnutrition can affect both brain structure and brain function. By contrast, animals malnourished after weaning showed smaller brains at the end of the period of malnutrition, but on re-feeding brain weight returned to normal. Subsequent studies have clarified the reason for the different responses. Brain growth is characterized by a series of cellular changes which take place in a sequential pattern. Early growth occurs primarily by repeated cell division as characterized by a linear increase in total organ DNA. Cell size as determined by weight/DNA ratio or protein/DNA ratio remains relatively constant. In animals, malnutrition occurring during the period of rapid cell division (hyperplasia) results in retardation in the overall rate of cell division, and hence ultimately results in fewer cells. This change is permanent. By contrast, malnutrition occurring during the period of hypertrophic growth results in curtailment of cell enlargement, a process which is reversible as soon as rehabilitation is instituted. Data from analysis of brains of children who died of malnutrition during the first year of life demonstrate a reduced number of cells. Thus, in the human, severe early undernutrition curtails cell division and results in fewer cells.
A Systematic Review of Patient- and Family-Level Inhaled Corticosteroid Adherence Interventions in Black/African Americans.

Background Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) adherence rates are suboptimal among adult black/African Americans. Comprehensive studies characterizing the effectiveness and the methodological approaches to the development of interventions to improve ICS adherence in adult black/African Americans have not been performed. Objectives Conduct a systematic review of patient/family-level interventions to improve ICS adherence in adult black/African Americans. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL from inception to August 2017 for English-language US studies enrolling at least 30% black/African Americans comparing patient/family-level ICS adherence interventions with any comparator. Two investigators independently selected, extracted data from, and rated risk of bias. We collected information on intervention characteristics and outcomes, and assessed whether studies were informed by behavior theory, stakeholder engagement, or both. Results Among 1661 abstracts identified, we reviewed 230 full-text articles and identified 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 1 quasi-experimental (pre-post design) study meeting criteria. Study participants (N range, 17-333) varied in mean age (22-47 years), proportion black/African Americans studied (71%-93%), and sex (69%-82% females). RCTs evaluated problem-solving classes, self-efficacy training, technology-based motivational interviewing program, and the use of patient advocates. The RCT testing self-efficacy training was the only intervention informed by both behavior theory and stakeholder engagement. All 4 RCTs compared interventions with active control and rated as medium risk of bias. No RCTs found a statistically significant improvement in adherence. Conclusions Few studies assessing asthma adherence interventions focused on adult black/African-American populations. No RCTs demonstrated improved ICS adherence in participants. Future studies that are informed by behavior change theory and stakeholder engagement are needed.
Democracy and Infant Mortality in Less-Developed Nations: Dismantling Differences in Direct and Indirect Effects Modeling:

In recent years, many studies have focused on examining the relationship between democracy and health outcomes in developing nations. However, the overwhelming majority of this research utilizes di...
THE POLYGENIC EPISTASIS RISK SCORE DEMONSTRATES SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF GENE INTERACTION IN BIPOLAR DISORDER

Background Gene-gene interaction occurs when the association of one locus to a phenotype depends on the genotype at a different locus. GWAS has made possible the discovery of dozens of genes for psychiatric illnesses generally using a model in which there is no gene-gene interaction. Even a modest GWAS may include 1 M SNPs, making an exhaustive search for interaction vastly underpowered. Yet, interaction effects are frequently found in defined biological systems, though they may have significant effect sizes, none can survive correction for genome-wide comparisons. Though polygenic models such as the polygenic risk score, achieve high reproducibility, they explain only a small portion of the genetic variance and do not incorporate interaction. A more realistic model is that in addition to a large number of independent marginal effects, there are also a very large number of interaction effects. In order to test this, I propose an extension to the polygenic risk score and demonstrate a significant contribution of gene-gene interaction in bipolar disorder. Methods The 1500 most significant SNPs in the PGCBD1 GWAS were selected for interaction testing. The model dataset was the GAIN bipolar sample of 995 cases and 1,023 controls. The test sample was a similarly collected set of subjects termed the TGEN sample of 1,199 cases and 403 controls. Interactions among these SNPs were detected using a case-case analysis as implemented in the plink –fast epistasis option. A routine was written in R, to estimate the odds ratios of each genotypic combination in each interaction detected. This array of odds ratios was then used to weight the nine genotypic combinations as seen in each individual in the test dataset. The log10 of these odds ratios then were summed over all interactions to produce a cumulative score representing genetic loading due to interactions. This I have termed the Polygenic Epistasis Risk Score (PERS). An R package will be made available. Results 11,605 interactions were detected in the GAIN sample amongst the 1500 SNPs tested that met a criterion of p Discussion The highly significant enrichment of the TGEN sample for interactions found in the GAIN sample argues for a substantial contribution of interaction in bipolar disorder. It also argues for the model of a very large number of interactions of small effect that add or otherwise combine together. This score can be combined with conventional PRS in order to capture a larger portion of the genetic variance and improve the power of such analyses.
The Human Kidney

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of the functions of the human kidney. In clinical practice, removal of waste products, salt, and water are considered the most important renal functions. Other functions include regulation of the blood chemistry, regulation of the amount of water in the body, hormone and enzyme synthesis, and removal of the substances that are not utilized or metabolized in the body, such as drugs and toxins. The action of the kidney includes filtration, resorption, and secretion. Arterial blood is introduced into the “glomerulus” where filtration takes place. Water, glucose, amino acid, low-molecular weight protein, salt, urea, uric acid, and creatinine are filtered out. Substances with a molecular weight of less than 68,000 are filtered from the blood. Then the resorption process begins at the entrance of the proximal tubules where glucose, amino acid, protein, water, and salt are chiefly resorbed. The energy required for filtration is supplied by the pumping action of the heart, which must overcome both the resistance of the capillary pores and the osmotic pressure of the plasma proteins.
How can we make LGBTQ+-inclusive sex education programmes truly inclusive? A case study of Chicago Public Schools’ policy and curriculum

In the USA, there has been a nationwide call for comprehensive sexual health education programs to be LGBTQ+-inclusive. The Chicago Public Schools (CPS) K-12 curriculum was intentionally designed t...
Renal Function: Guardian of Immune Homeostasis.

Microbial cell components from the intestinal microbiota spread systemically in a healthy host, posing the threat of inappropriate immune activation. In this issue of Immunity, Troha et al. identify a key role for renal function in the clearance of circulating Lys-type peptidoglycan, revealing a mechanism that keeps these inflammatory triggers in check to maintain systemic immune homeostasis.
Mobile technology, learning, and achievement: Advances in understanding and measuring the role of mobile technology in education

Abstract Studying mobile learning – the use of personal electronic devices to engage in learning across multiple contexts via connections to media, educators, peers, experts, and the larger world – is a relatively new academic enterprise. In this special issue, we interrogated the promise and unexamined expectations of mobile learning, the theories and ideas developing around it, and the devices that afford it. The articles introduce mobile and wearable technologies as key components of empirical research and demonstrate ways that learning conducted with such devices (1) affects the process and products of learning via interactions with other psychological constructs; (2) affords new opportunities to directly influence learning process or outcomes; and (3) provides opportunities to collect previously unobtainable data that improve understanding and modeling of the learning process. In this introduction, we overview the emergence of mobile learning theory and its contemporary conceptualization. Then we highlight ways that mobile technologies can be used to enhance learning processes and an understanding of them. All special issue contributors conceptualize and align their work with both psychological theories of learning and instruction as well as emerging theories of mobile learning. The commentary authors appraise mobile learning research critically and analytically, and recommend ways mobile learning theory might build upon research methodology and knowledge grounded empirically in psychological and sociocultural theories of learning. Overall, we believe this special issue achieved our goal to produce a balanced consideration that highlights the advancements in learning and learning theory mobile devices might afford, and to temper any premature enthusiasm about these potential benefits.
Unique Case Report of a Meningeal Sarcoma Arising during Ongoing Treatment for Progressing Intraparenchymal Glioma.

Radiation-induced sarcomas in the brain are extremely rare, usually occur with an average latency of 9 years, and are associated with poor outcomes. Latency periods shorter than 1 year may indicate a genetic predisposition such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome. A 34-year-old man underwent initial tumor resection and radiation therapy for a World Health Organization (WHO) Grade II Astrocytoma. Within 6 months, the tumor recurred as WHO Grade III and was treated with temozolomide and then bevacizumab. Despite the patient’s apparent improving condition, MRI revealed new dural-based lesions 10 months after radiation therapy and identified as high-grade sarcoma. The patient resumed bevacizumab, began NovoTTF treatment for progressing glioma, and ifosfamide/doxorubicin for the sarcoma. Genetic testing revealed no pathogenic mutation in the TP53 gene. Ultimately, treatment was unsuccessful and the patient succumbed to glioma and sarcoma within 2 years of initial diagnosis. This case was unique due to the rapidly progressing glioma and sudden appearance of a high-grade sarcoma. It is unusual to have two separate intracranial primary cancers with each requiring a different chemotherapy regimen. We discuss the difficulty of simultaneously treating with separate chemotherapy regimens. It remains unclear whether the sarcoma was induced by the radiation treatment or a genetic predisposition.
Toward a New Long-Term Growth Model for Asia

Economic growth, inflation, and interest rates have declined in Asia, just as they have in the United States and Europe. Sustaining Economic Growth in Asia explores the relevance to several Asian economies of the diagnosis known as “secular stagnation.” Leading experts on the region discuss the fiscal and monetary policy challenges of reviving growth without generating domestic financial imbalances. The essays on innovation, demographics, spillovers, and various policy proposals are accompanied by case studies focusing on Japan, South Korea, China, India, and Indonesia.
Examining Whether Secondary Effects of Temperature-Associated Virtual Stimuli Influence Subjective Perception of Duration

Past work in augmented reality has shown that temperature-associated AR stimuli can induce warming and cooling sensations in the user, and prior work in psychology suggests that a person’s body temperature can influence that person’s sense of subjective perception of duration. In this paper, we present a user study to evaluate the relationship between temperature-associated virtual stimuli presented on an AR-HMD and the user’s sense of subjective perception of duration and temperature. In particular, we investigate two independent variables: the apparent temperature of the virtual stimuli presented to the participant, which could be hot or cold, and the location of the stimuli, which could be in direct contact with the user, in indirect contact with the user, or both in direct and indirect contact simultaneously. We investigate how these variables affect the users’ perception of duration and perception of body and environment temperature by having participants make prospective time estimations while observing the virtual stimulus and answering subjective questions regarding their body and environment temperatures. Our work confirms that temperature-associated virtual stimuli are capable of having significant effects on the users’ perception of temperature, and highlights a possible limitation in the current augmented reality technology in that no secondary effects on the users’ perception of duration were observed.
Application of multislice spiral CT in children urinary tract injuries

Objective To investigate the application value of three-dimensional reconstruction technique of mutislice spiral CT(MSCT)in children urinary tract injuries.Methods Forty-three patients with urinary tract injury performed MSCT scan,and three-dimensional reconstruction technique was used for volume rendering,maximum intensity projection and multi-planar reformation,urinary tract imaging was acquired completely.The images were reviewed by two experienced radiologists.Results Of the 43 cases,there were 5 simple contusion of kidney,5 contusion and laceration of kidney accompanied with subcapsular haematoma,4 contusion and laceration of kidney accompanied with perinephric haematoma,2 contusion and laceration of kidney accompanied with adrenal haematoma,13 shattered kidney accompanied with extravasation of urine,3 shattered kidney accompanied with renal pedicle injury,6 shattered kidney accompanied with ureter injury,2 pelvic fracture accompanied with posterior urethra split,3 contusion of urinary bladder wall accompanied with blood clot in the urinary bladder.Conclusion MSCT has the characteristic of high scanning speed,wide overlay scope,high image quality and thin slice scan.It is an effective modality in the evaluation of children urinary tract injuries. Key words: Urologic diseases; Tomography, X-ray computed; Children
Witcher, Marcus M. Getting Right with Reagan: The Struggle for True Conservatism, 1980-2016: Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2019. 428 Pages. $39.95 (Hardcover)

“What Would Reagan Do (WWRD)?” From the moment Ronald Reagan left office in 1989 until the election of Donald Trump in 2016, Republicans were haunted by this question. Responses ranged from more ge...
Novice Principal Burnout: Exploring Secondary Trauma, Working Conditions, and Coping Strategies in an Urban District

Steady school leadership can support student achievement and equity-related outcomes, but the principalship is becoming more stressful with increasing demands, duties, and expectations. Burnout is ...
On an alternative logic of knowing (知 Zhi) in Zhuang Zi: a comparison of knowing sets to knowing the way

This paper is an effort to explore a possible common ground for a discourse in comparative logic. Along with Roger Ames’ and David Hall’s inquiry into the lack of transcendence in Chinese philosophy, the author of this paper investigates why and how, according to Zhuang Zi’s wisdom, treating myriad things, wan wu 萬物, and I as one could be a way to understand dao. Using Cantor-Husserl’s set theory, especially Edmund Husserl’s contributions on the involvement of the intentionality or a subjective “I” in the process of knowing sets, the author argues that classical Chinese is a pictographic language and every radical groups a list of characters in a way that is similar to how a set includes its elements. Thinking in sets shapes a unique linguistical habit of dividing kinds and sorting things. Logic of sets is the alternative logic that Zhuang Zi practices. Two efforts are made for reinterpreting Zhuang Zi from the perspective of sets. First, borrowing a few basic concepts from set theory, the author compares four characteristics of Husserl’s concept of sets to Zhuang Zi’s way of sorting myriad things. Second, the author explores Zhuang Zi’s wisdom of meditating into a state of losing one’s self, which he calls as “an empty set, ji xu 集虚.” For both set theory and Daoism, an empty set or emptiness can be a subset of every set or every possible world. When the boundary between a subjective “I” and myriad things disappears, myriad things and I are one. On the basis of the logic of sets, Husserl’s “lived experience” in the cognitive process and Zhuang Zi’s “losing I” in meditation could open an interesting discourse.
Algebraic Program Analysis

This paper is a tutorial on algebraic program analysis. It explains the foundations of algebraic program analysis, its strengths and limitations, and gives examples of algebraic program analyses for numerical invariant generation and termination analysis.
Ureteropyeloscopic anatomy of the renal pelvis of the horse

Summary Reasons for performing study Although the equine renal pelvis and terminal recesses have been described post mortem, little information exists about the endoscopic appearance of these structures in the living horse for guiding ureteropyeloscopy. Objectives To further document the anatomy of the upper urinary collecting system, specifically the renal pelvis and terminal recesses, of the horse. Study design Descriptive study of cadaver material. Methods Kidneys were harvested from 10 horses. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed after distension of the renal pelvis with an elastomer casting material, followed by visual inspection of corrosion casts. Transurethral ureteropyeloscopy of the upper urinary tract was performed in 4 horses, followed by histological and immunohistochemical examination of the renal medulla and pelvis of 3 animals. Results The equine renal pelvis was confirmed to be a funnel-shaped cavity, flattened dorsoventrally in the craniocaudal direction. Multiple papillary ducts (PDs) from the central part of the kidney open along a ∼3 cm long renal crest that protrudes into the renal pelvis, while PDs from each kidney pole open into 2 long (5–10 cm), narrow terminal recesses that terminate near either end of the renal crest. Openings of the terminal recesses narrow at their junction with the renal pelvis and could be visualised during ureteropyeloscopy in all horses. Minor anatomical variation of the renal crest and terminal recess openings was observed. Conclusions Current endoscopic equipment can be used to visualise the renal pelvis but could not be advanced into the terminal recesses. The findings of this study will help guide future diagnostic and therapeutic ureteropyeloscopy.
Efficient Formal Verification of Hierarchical Descriptions

Model checking is emerging as a practical tool for detecting logical errors in early stages of system design. We investigate the model checking of hierarchical (nested) systems, i.e. finite state machines whose states themselves can be other machines. This nesting ability is common in various software design methodologies and is available in several commercial modeling tools. The straightforward way to analyze a hierarchical machine is to flatten it (thus, incurring an exponential blow up) and apply a model checking tool on the resulting ordinary FSM.
Diversity in global virtual teams : a partnership development perspective

"This study is an attempt to develop and test a comprehensive model for Global Virtual Team (GVT) effectiveness based on development of collaborative partnership among diverse team members and the moderating role of collaborative technology and task. The conceptual model is based on traditional I-P-O framework for understanding GVT effectiveness. Team diversity in terms of surface level, functional, and deep level are treated as the central tenet of team inputs. Collaborative partnership elements are at the process level, moderated by task features and collaborative technology. At the outcome level, this study is more interested in GVT effectiveness as measured by team performance and individual team member satisfaction. Results from a field survey of 58 GVT in various industries indicate three levels of diversity and confirm the moderating role of task interdependence and collaborative technology. Results do not confirm the moderating role of task complexity on the relationship between diversity and collaborative partnership. Results also confirm mediating role of collaborative technology on the relationship between diversity and GVT effectiveness."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Weathering the storm: Managing redundancy and security in ad hoc networks

Many ad hoc routing algorithms rely on broadcast flooding for location discovery or more generally for secure routing applications, particularly when dealing with Byzantine threats. Flooding is a robust algorithm but, because of its extreme redundancy, it is impractical in dense networks. Indeed in large wireless networks, the use of flooding algorithms may lead to a broadcast storm in which the number of collisions is so large that we get system failure. Further reducing unnecessary transmissions greatly improves energy efficiency of such networks. Several variants have been proposed to reduce the relay overhead either deterministically or probabilistically. Gossip is a probabilistic algorithm, in which packet relaying is based on the outcome of coin tosses. The relay probability can be fixed, dynamic or adaptive. With dynamic Gossip, local information (local connectivity) is used. With adaptive Gossip, the decision to relay is adjusted adaptively based on the outcome of coin tosses, the local network structure and the local response to the flooding call. The goal of gossiping is to minimize the number of relays, while retaining the main benefits of flooding, i.e., effective distance.
A Local-Sparing Design Methodology for Fault-Tolerant Multiprocessors

Abstract We present a comprehensive design methodology for constructing low-cost multiprocessors that use local spares to tolerate the failure of either processor clusters or individual processors. We first formalize the concepts of global- and local-sparing in terms of graph automorphisms. We then present a method for partitioning a multiprocessor graph by its automorphisms and for incorporating local-sparing to tolerate faults. We emphasize local-sparing designs, since they offer higher reliability-to-cost ratios and can reconfigure faster and in a localized manner. When the spare clusters in each local subsystem are certain sizes, our designs are optimal in the number of spare intersubsystem links. They are all efficient (optimal in some cases) in terms of the number of spare intrasubsystem links. We present switch-based implementations that significantly reduces the spare link complexities of the designs. These implementations are equally efficient for any spare cluster size, so they yield efficient local-sparing designs that can tolerate individual processor faults (cluster size of one). Algorithms for fast, localized, and incremental reconfiguration of our FT designs are also developed. Finally, we demonstrate that our local-sparing designs have higher reliability-to-cost ratios than previous designs.
Dental care utilization among dentate adults with asthma: findings from the 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Objectives: This study investigated dental care service utilization among dentate adults with asthma and identified factors affecting dental care use among this population. Methods: Data from 414,509 adults in the United States who participated in the 2008 Behavioral and Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to estimate the percentage of dentate adults with asthma who had at least one dental visit within the past year. Results: The proportion of respondents with asthma who had at least one dental visit within the past year compared with the general population was significantly lower (67.4 percent versus 71.2 percent, P < 0.001 for dental visit for any reason; 64.3 percent versus 69.6 percent, P < 0.001 for dental cleaning). The adjusted odds of a dental visit for any reason within the past year for those with asthma were 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81-0.91], and for dental cleaning 0.82 (95% CI, 0.78-0.87) times that of those without asthma, respectively. Multivariable modeling showed dentate adults with asthma who are male, high school or less educated, unemployed, lower income, current smokers, and have lost more than six teeth were less likely to have a dental visit within the past year. Conclusions: Compared with nonasthmatic individuals, dentate adults with asthma had a lower frequency of dental visits in the past year. Given a higher risk of oral disease among this population, heathcare providers should focus more effort on educating certain subgroups of patients with asthma on the importance of regular dental care.
Russia's Counterterrorism Policy: Variations on an Imperial Theme

The breakup of the Soviet Union unleashed a series of destructive processes conducive to the rise of extremist violence and organized crime in the newly independent states. Russia experienced a surge of terrorism and insurgency in the 1990s, and several high-profile terrorist incidents involving a large number of civilian casualties in cities across Russia in the recent decade. In response to this threat, Russian authorities adopted extensive counterterrorism (CT) legislation, established and modified institutions responsible for combating terrorism, and streamlined the leadership and conduct of CT operations. This chapter discusses Russia’s CT policy that privileges the short-term military responses to security issues over the long-term socioeconomic solutions to complex security concerns. It applies the “imperial lens” for the analysis and interpretation of Russia’s measures aimed at combating terrorism. The chapter shows how many aspects of Russia’s CT policy can be accounted for from the position of Russia’s imperial tradition. Rekindled in the early 2000s by the fear of disintegration and reduced international standing, the modern imperialist project was revived recently under the guise of unique “Russian world.” Whether in the old or new conception, Russia’s imperial attitude continues shaping its security and foreign policies, perceptions of the threats to Russia’s security, and the best responses to cope with those threats
Junctional abnormalities in human airway epithelial cells expressing F508del CFTR

Cystic fibrosis (CF) has a profound impact on airway physiology. Accumulating evidence suggests that intercellular junctions are impaired in CF. We examined changes to CF transmembrane conductance ...
Differential effects of exercise and dietary docosahexaenoic acid on molecular systems associated with control of allostasis in the hypothalamus and hippocampus

Given the robust influence of diet and exercise on brain plasticity and disease, we conducted studies to determine their effects on molecular systems important for control of brain homeostasis. Studies were centered on a battery of proteins implicated in metabolic homeostasis that have the potential to modulate brain plasticity and cognitive function, in rat hypothalamus and hippocampus. Adult male rats were exposed to a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enriched diet (1.25% DHA) with or without voluntary exercise for 14 days. Here we report that the DHA diet and exercise influence protein levels of molecular systems important for the control of energy metabolism (primarily phospho-AMPK, silent information regulator type 1), food intake (primarily leptin and ghrelin receptors), stress (primarily glucocorticoid receptors), and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11betaHSD1). Exercise or DHA dietary supplementation had differential effects on several of these class proteins, and the concurrent application of both altered the pattern of response elicited by the single applications of diet or exercise. For example, exercise elevated levels of glucocorticoids receptors in the hypothalamus and the DHA diet had opposite effects, while the concurrent application of diet and exercise suppressed the single effects of diet or exercise. In most of the cases, the hypothalamus and the hippocampus had a distinctive pattern of response to the diet or exercise. The results harmonize with the concept that exercise and dietary DHA exert specific actions on the hypothalamus and hippocampus, with implications for the regulations of brain plasticity and cognitive function.
The Value and Influence of Cassiodorus' Ecclesiastical History

Most students of history or literature have had at some time the experience of encountering statements or generalizations made by a writer of an earlier generation and then finding them repeated without question by his successors working in the same field of inquiry. What is more, if dissentient voices have been raised, they have often been overlooked or disregarded. The prevailing estimate of Cassiodorus' Ecclesiastical History affords an excellent example of the manner in which erroneous opinions have been repeated ad nauseam from one generation to the next, although more than thirty years have passed since two scholars of the first rank, Bidez and Parmentier, provided at least some of the evidence needed for a more just evaluation of Cassiodorus' book. There are two essential questions which seem to call for fresh investigation. The first is concerned with the value and accuracy of the compilation, the second with its diffusion during the Middle Ages and its popularity as a work of reference.
Building an online educational community for algorithm visualization

Algorithm visualizations (AVs) are widely viewed as having the potential for improving computer science education, yet the rate of AV use and overall impact has progressed little from the mid 1990s. Surveys of CS faculty [1] show that the impediments to successful use of AVs are related to difficulties in first finding good materials, and then difficulties in effectively deploying them in classes. Fortunately, much progress has been made in recent years. There are many high-quality AVs available (though there are enough poor quality AVs that sorting out the good ones can be time consuming) [2]. There is a growing body of research on how to effectively use AVs in the classroom (though getting up to speed on this information is again time consuming). These impediments could be overcome with adequate dissemination of information about which AVs are of good quality and how they can best be used. From the developers’ side, more information about what makes for an effective AV, as well as information about which topics are of greatest need, could lead to more effective AVs being produced. Thus, we find that information and dissemination of best practice plays a key role in the successful deployment of AVs into the classroom. Given that much of the needed information has to do with rating of educational material and experiences with use of this material in the field, the most effective way to improve instruction is through an active community of AV users and developers interacting to provide the necessary information.
OTRA-THS MAC to reduce Power Outage Data Collection Latency in a smart meter network

The deployment of advanced metering infrastructure by electric utilities poses unique communication challenges, particularly as the number of meters per aggregator increases. When there is a power outage, a smart meter tries to report it instantaneously to the electric utility. In a densely populated residential/industrial locality, it is possible that a large number of smart meters simultaneously try to get access to the communication network to report the power outage. If the number of smart meters is very high on the order of tens of thousands (metropolitan areas), the power outage data flooding can lead to Random Access CHannel (RACH) congestion. Several utilities are considering the use of cellular network for smart meter communications. In 3G/4G cellular networks, RACH congestion not only leads to collisions, retransmissions and increased RACH delays, but also has the potential to disrupt the dedicated traffic flow by increasing the interference levels (3G CDMA). In order to overcome this problem, in this paper we propose a Time Hierarchical Scheme (THS) that reduces the intensity of power outage data flooding and power outage reporting delay by 6/7th, and 17/18th when compared to their respective values without THS. Also, we propose an Optimum Transmission Rate Adaptive (OTRA) MAC to optimize the latency in power outage data collection. The analysis and simulation results presented in this paper show that both the OTRA and THS features of the proposed MAC results in a Power Outage Data Collection Latency (PODCL) that is 1/10th of the 4G LTE PODCL.
Thermal Stability of Mono-, Bis-, and Tris-Chelating Alkanethiol Films Assembled on Gold Nanoparticles and Evaporated “Flat” Gold

The thermal stability of SAMs generated from the adsorption of n-octadecanethiol (n-C18), 2-hexadecylpropane-1,3-dithiol (C18C2), 2-hexadecyl-2-methylpropane-1,3-dithiol (C18C3), and 1,1,1-tris(mercaptomethyl)heptadecane (t-C18) on colloidal gold and evaporated “flat” gold was investigated. The optical extinction of the monolayer-protected nanoparticles (MPCs) was monitored as a function of thermal stress by using ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis) spectroscopy, which revealed that the evolution of the surface plasmon resonance varied with the nature of the adsorbate. Specifically, MPCs functionalized with monodentate n-C18 showed the fastest red shift of the surface plasmon resonance while those functionalized with tridentate t-C18 showed the slowest red shift, with those derived from the bidentates C18C2 and C18C3 falling in between, suggesting a correlation between film stability and the degree of chelation. In separate studies, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to evaluate the desorption of th...
Direct l-type doubling transitions in some axially symmetric molecules

Abstract Direct l -type doubling transitions have been observed in the states ν 2 1 inFCN, ν 7 1 and 3 ν 7 1 in cyanoacetylene and ν 8 ( E ) in methyl cyanide. Precise values for q and the higher order term μ have been obtained for each of these vibrations. The effect of the l -type resonance between the Π and Φ levels of 3 ν 7 of cyanoacetylene is discussed.
Anatomic Severity, Midfacial Growth, and Speech Outcomes in Van der Woude/Popliteal Pterygium Syndromes Compared to Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip/Palate

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics and surgical and speech outcomes for patients with Van der Woude/popliteal pterygium syndromes (VWS/PPS) and to compare them with a historic cohort of patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip/cleft palate (CL/P). Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Tertiary care center. Patients: All patients with VWS/PPS seen at Boston Children's Hospital from 1979 to 2012: 28 patients with VWS (n = 21)/PPS (n = 7) whose mean age was 17.3 ± 10.4 years, including 18 females (64%) and 10 males (36%); 18 patients (64%) had a family history of VWS/PPS. Main Outcome Measures: Cleft type, operative procedures, speech, and midfacial growth. Data were compared with historic cohorts of patients with nonsyndromic CL/P treated at one tertiary care center. Results: There were 24 patients (86%) with CP±L, Veau types I (n = 4, 17%), II (n = 4, 17%), III (n = 5, 21%), and IV (n = 11, 46%). Nine patients (38%) had palatal fistula after palatoplasty. Fourteen of 23 (61%) patients ...
Progress and promise in the management of chronic kidney disease

The recommendations made in this issue of CMAJ by Levin and colleagues[1][1] for the management of chronic kidney disease provide clear guidance for the cooperative care of patients with chronic kidney disease by all health care providers throughout the spectrum of disease. There are specific stages
Use of levonorgestrel intrauterine system for medical indications in adolescents

The levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is an underused contraceptive method in adolescent populations. In addition to being a highly effective, reversible, long-acting contraception, the LNG-IUS has many noncontraceptive health benefits including reduced menstrual bleeding, decreased dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain related to endometriosis, and menstruation suppression in teens with physical or developmental disabilities. The LNG-IUS can also provide endometrial protection in teens with chronic anovulation, and may be used to treat endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. This review examines the evidence supporting the use of the LNG-IUS in adolescents for these noncontraceptive benefits.
Cultural factors associated with antihypertensive medication adherence in Chinese immigrants.

BACKGROUND Little is known about hypertension control and cultural factors related to medication adherence in Chinese immigrants. OBJECTIVE : The purpose of this study was to characterize Chinese immigrants with hypertension and to examine what cultural factors are associated with medication adherence. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used. Data were gathered from a convenience sample of 200 subjects recruited in an Asian outpatient clinic in the San Francisco Bay Area using self-report questionnaires and blood pressure measurements. Participants were Chinese immigrants 18 years old and older, taking antihypertensive medications, and able to speak Mandarin. RESULTS The mean age was 71 (+/-10) years. Half were men (50%). Most were married (70%), and reported an annual family income of <20,000 dollars (71%) and an average length of stay in the United States of 13 (+/-7) years. Medication adherence was reported by 75%, although only 51% had controlled hypertension. Four of 8 cultural factors were statistically significant predictors for medication nonadherence: lower perceived susceptibility [OR = 3.77 (95% CI 1.19, 12.01)]; higher perceived benefit of Chinese herbs [OR = 2.21 (95% CI 1.02, 4.81)]; lower perceived benefit of Western medications for hypertension [OR = 2.78 (95% CI 1.13, 6.84)]; and longer length of stay in the United States [OR = 2.48 (95% CI 1.12, 5.50)]. CONCLUSIONS Four cultural factors were identified as significant predictors of medication nonadherence in this sample. These findings can guide culturally appropriate nursing interventions for hypertension management in Chinese immigrants.