cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A schema for CAD-based robot assembly task planning for CSG-modeled objects

Abstract This paper describes a robot assembly task planner that processes the knowledge of the working environment and generates a sequence of general, or robot independent commands. By means of acquiring the world knowledge from the CAD systems and generating these commands, a robot should be able to automatically perform the task. The reasoning behind the decomposition from task level to mid level, and from the mid level to the general robot level planning will be developed. The mathematical expressions which allow for the relating of assembly situations to the individually generated subtasks and consequent proofs of the effect of such statements will also be discussed.
Regional variations in the pharmacology of AMPA receptors as revealed by receptor autoradiography

Using quantitative autoradiography, we examined the ability of NBQX (2,3-dihydro-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(f)-quinoxaline), S-AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole propionic acid), L-glutamate and NS-257 (1,2,3,6,7,8-hexahydro-3-(hydroxyimino)- N,N,7-trimethyl-2-oxobenzo[2,1-b:3,4-c']dipyrrole-5-sulfonam ide) to compete for [3H]AMPA binding sites in several forebrain regions and cerebellar cortex. NBQX had a higher affinity (P < 0.0001) in cerebellar molecular layer than in any forebrain region, whereas the opposite was true for AMPA (P < 0.001). L-Glutamate and NS-257 had different regional patterns of displacement. Consequently, cerebellum and forebrain have distinct rank orders of potency for AMPA receptor ligands. These results suggest that there are regional variations in the pharmacological specificity of AMPA receptors.
Abelson murine leukaemia virus protein is phosphorylated in vitro to form phosphotyrosine.

The Abelson murine leukaemia virus protein (P120) can become phosphorylated in vitro by [γ-32P]ATP. The protein has been purified from cell membranes to the point that in specific conditions virtually all of the incorporated 32P is in P120. The reaction is stimulated by Mn2+ and Mg2+ but not Ca2+ and is very rapid even at 0 °C. The phosphate is linked to P120 at tyrosine, a linkage not previously reported for a phosphorylation reaction. Phosphorylation may be involved in the transforming activity of viruses that cause leukaemia as well as sarcomas.
Numerical simulations of crystal growth in a transdermal drug delivery system

Grain growth by precipitation and Ostwald ripening in an unstressed matrix of a dissolved crystallizable component was simulated using a kinetic Monte Carlo model. This model was used previously to study Ostwald ripening in the high crystallizable component regime and was shown to correctly simulate solution, diffusion and precipitation. In this study, the same model with modifications was applied to the low crystallizable regime of interest to the transdermal drug delivery system (TDS) community. We demonstrate the model's utility by simulating precipitation and grain growth during isothermal storage at different supersaturation conditions. The simulation results provide a first approximation for the crystallization occurring in TDS. It has been reported that for relatively higher temperature growth of drug crystals in TDS occurs only in the middle third of the polymer layer. The results from the simulations support these findings that crystal growth is limited to the middle third of the region, where the availability of crystallizable components is the highest, for cluster growth at relatively high temperature.
Reconsideration of the central nervous system pharmacology of amphetamine. I. Toxicity in grouped and isolated mice.

Experiments were carried out in mice with intraperitoneal injections of dl-amphetamine at 10 dosages between 15 and 150 mg/kg. In animals kept in isolated conditions, it was observed that lethality follows a triphasic pattern, increasing between 15 and 45 mg/kg, decreasing from 45 to 75 mg/kg, and increasing from 75 to 150 mg/kg. In animals grouped by 10, the same evolution of dose-effect was found. However, lethality was greater in grouped animals at all levels except 150 mg/kg. These results are discussed, and it is pointed out that the concept of an LD50 cannot be validly used under such conditions.
The annual cycle of primary production in the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda

Abstract Gross and net primary production have been measured at bi-weekly intervals for 18 months in the North-western Sargasso Sea 15 miles SE. of Bermuda in 1500 fm of water. Ancillary data include temperature, salinity, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, disolved oxygen, plant pigments, light penetration and incident radiation. A seasonal cycle of production was observed with high levels in the winter and early spring, low levels in the later spring, summer and early fall. Gross production ranged from 0·13 to 2·00, averaging 0·44 g carbon assimilated/m2/day or 160 g C/m2/year. Net production ranged from 0·05 to 0·83 and averaged 0·20 g C/m2/day or 72 g C/m2/year. Production was closely dependent upon vertical mixing, high levels occuring when the water was isothermal and mixed to or near the depth of the permanent thermocline (400 m), low levels being associated with the presence of a seasonal thermocline in the upper 100 m. Nutrient concentrations were extremely low (maxima of 1·8 μgAN/L and 0·16 μg AP/L as inorganic compounds in the upper 100 m) and showed little seasonal variability. Mixing and enrichment from the permanent thermocline is negligible, production being largely dependent upon the rapid re-cycling of nutrients within the upper 400 m. The environmental factors controlling production which make this region differ from temperate or boreal waters, and which permit high production throughout the winter are: (1) low nutrient concentrations, (2) clear water, (3) relatively high incident radiation in winter, (4) a shallow winter mixed layer and (5) a rapid re-cycling of nutrients, possibly due to higher temperatures.
Optical multilayers with an amorphous fluoropolymer

Multilayered coatings were made by physical vapor deposition (PVD) of a perfluorinated amorphous polymer, Teflon AF2400, together with other optical materials. A high reflector at 1064 nm was made with ZnS and AF2400. An all-organic 1064-nm reflector was made from AF2400 and polyethylene. Oxide (HfO2, SiO2) compatibility was also tested. Each multilayer system adhered to itself. The multilayers were influenced by coating stress and unintentional temperature rises during PVD deposition.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Subsurface Energetics of the Gulf Stream near the Charleston Bump

Abstract The energy budgets of the eddies and the mean flow in the Gulf Stream near a topographic feature known as the Charleston bump are computed. First, we consider these results in the context of the amplification hypothesis for the development of Gulf Stream meanders. According to this hypothesis, the finite amplitude Gulf Stream fluctuations observed offshore of Onslow Bay are the result of the destabilizing effect of the bump on the Stream. The present dataset was obtained both immediately upstream and downstream of the bump, and the results of our analysis suggest: 1) Immediately south of the Charleston bump, the eddies perform net work on the Gulf Stream at a rate of (1.02 ± .66) × 10−2 ergs cm−3 s−1 by transporting momentum offshore; 2) The net work performed by the eddies south of the bump is not used locally to accelerate the mean; rather, it is exported to the rest of the ocean at a rate of (1.58 ± 1.39) × 10−2 ergs cm−3 s−1; 3) In spite of the net work performed by the eddies south of the bu...
Characterizing the practice of surgical critical care fellowship graduates: What's a fellow to do?

Abstract In order to characterize further the developing field of surgical critical care, we mailed letters to surgical critical care fellowship directors requesting the addresses of their graduates. We then mailed out surveys to the graduates and analyzed their responses. Resident teaching is a prominent feature for 85% of the graduates, with 94% of them teaching surgical critical care and 84% teaching general surgery residents. Sixty-five percent of the respondents spend at least 25% of their time providing surgical critical care, and 56% actively practice some aspects of general surgery as well. Not surprisingly, trauma care is a large part of the surgical intensivist's practice, with 74% also spending at least 25% of their clinical time caring for trauma patients. With this mix of responsibilities, the respondents performed an average of 148 operations annually. Of the surgeons who responded to the survey, 66% have academic practices. Over 75% were salaried, with 95% earning over $100,000 annually and 40% earning in excess of $150,000. Practice arrangements and patient mix varied substantially within the field. Several issues regarding the career choice of surgical critical care have been raised in previous studies, and the current survey helps to clarify several of these issues. Further surveys and follow-up studies are urgently needed to better characterize the career profile for surgical critical care.
Bioinspired Design of IntraVAD Assistive Device for Congestive Heart Failure Patients Using Ionic Polymer Metal Composites and Shape Memory Alloys

Design and actuation modes of IntraVAD assistive device for end stage congestive heart failure patients are discussed in this paper. Flexibility, biocompatibility and coupled behavior of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites and Shape Memory Alloys allow replicating the motion of natural heart to address the cardiac deficiency. The squeezing motion of the heart is approximated by propulsion mechanism of a jelllyfish, while the rising-twisting motion of the heart is augmented by upward-downward motion of a cone shaped structure. These motion mechanisms may be combined or used separately, in order to create various blood flow regimes and provide different levels of support for each individual. Not only as actuators, but SMAs and IPMCs may be utilized as sensors to provide feedback from instantaneous status of the device to the controller. A device embodiment is introduced and followed by discussion on IPMC and antagonistic two-way SMA actuators in order to explain how actuation modes are delivered.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
First-principles theoretical analysis of dopant adsorption and diffusion on surfaces of ZnSe nanocrystals

Abstract We report results from a detailed analysis of dopant adsorption and diffusion on surfaces of ZnSe nanocrystals and discuss their implications for dopant incorporation into the growing nanocrystals. Using first-principles density functional theory calculations, we find that the binding energy for Mn dopant adsorption onto various surface sites of the dominant dopable surface, ZnSe(0 0 1)-(2 × 1), increases with increasing dopant surface concentration. Due to low activation barriers, dopant atoms can migrate fast along the Se dimer rows without substantial surface relaxation, while their diffusion across the dimer rows is governed by a high-barrier pathway.
RATIONALS AND THE MODULAR GROUP

The modular group k is the quotient group PSL2(Z) = SL,(Z)/{I we refer to these as reduced strings. We explained this free product structure in terms of the action of the modular group on the irrationals. In this note we describe the action on the rationals; this can be viewed as a way of describing the inverse of the Euclidean algorithm. The group SL2(Z) acts via linear transformations on R2 as column vectors and this gives an action of .A' via linear fractional transformations on the projective line P'(R), the real numbers together with m. We may also view P'(R) as the slopes of non-zero vectors, that is, the equivalence classes of R2 -(:)induced by non-zero scalar multiplication; the equivalence class of the vector e = ( i ) is , ,
Beliefs about the Importance of Use of Developmentally Appropriate Practices Among Early Childhood Teachers in India

This article explores beliefs of Asian Indian teachers regarding the importance of use of developmentally appropriate practices in early childhood classrooms. A total of 178 Asian Indian early childhood teachers working in various early childhood classrooms in the southern part of India participated in the study. The teachers filled out a questionnaire to determine their beliefs about the use of developmentally appropriate practices. The questionnaire contained 62 statements with five subscales: (1) parent participation, (2) assessment, (3) curriculum development and integration, (4) teaching strategies, and (5) caring for children’s development. The teachers responded to the questions on a Likert scale of 1–5, where 1 was “Not at all important” and 5 “Extremely important.” Preliminary analysis of the data indicated that all the teachers were not very inclined towards the use of the western definition of developmentally appropriate practices. Parent participation was rated highest (3.74), followed by asse...
A Systematic Approach to Identifying Engineering Generational Knowledge Transfer Boundaries

As organisations evaluate increasing retirement rates coupled with the rate of entering engineers, there is a need to address the presence of generational knowledge transfer boundaries. These unidentified boundaries impede the strategic transfer of engineering and architectural knowledge (STEAK) required for continued engineering growth. Using an interdisciplinary approach to define the engineering generational knowledge transfer boundaries provided useful knowledge sharing characteristics and procedures which all generations and disciplines can utilise. This research study provided a level of insight not previously explored and presented a model that can be used to evaluate how organisations will react to and leverage the knowledge across generations. Specifically, this study helps close the generational knowledge transfer boundary research gap with proper identification of the engineering generational knowledge transfer boundaries. This will allow management to propose strategies to attract and retain the next generation of knowledge workers. The article discusses these findings in detail and summarises the results in a proposed STEAK model and framework.
Effects of CCK on gastrointestinal function in lean and obese Zucker rats

Cholecystokinin (CCK), a hormone affecting several gastrointestinal functions, has also been shown to elicit satiety and affect daily meal patterns. Since Zucker obese rats are less sensitive to the satiety effects of CCK, two experiments were designed to determine if they are also less sensitive to the gastric emptying and intestinal transit rate effects of CCK. In the first experiment phenol red was administered to 5.5 hr fasted rats 15 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of CCK-8 or saline. Rats were sacrificed after 30 minutes, the stomach and small intestine were removed, and phenol red content was measured. More phenol red was in the stomach of obese but not lean rats treated with CCK-8. The rate of transit of the contents of the small intestine was increased by CCK-8 and the percent of phenol red in the fourth quarter of the small intestine was greater in obese than lean rats (91 vs 37%, p less than 0.05). In the second experiment gastrointestinal transit of ferric oxide was measured during the light and dark phases of the diurnal cycle, and when obese rats were ad lib or yoke-fed to lean pair-mates. Total gastrointestinal transit time of the ferric oxide was decreased 15% when CCK-8 was administered to yoke-fed obese rats in either the light or dark portions of the diurnal cycle but was not affected in ad lib-fed obese rats or lean rats. Thus, while Zucker obese rats are less sensitive to satiety effects of CCK, they appear to be more sensitive to the gastrointestinal effects of CCK, and therefore it is not clear what role these gastrointestinal responses have on the feeding behavior responses.
NOx storage and reduction in lean burn vehicle emission control: a catalytic engineer's playground

The reduction of NOx (NO + NO2) in lean burn vehicle exhaust is the latest challenge for catalytic engineers to meet increasingly stringent emissions standards. The lean NOx trap (LNT) is an adsorptive catalytic reactor in which NOx is stored as nitrates in excess O2 and then reduced during a brief regeneration. The multi-functional Pt-based LNT catalyst must carry out NO oxidation, NOx storage, and NOx reduction, all within a 1–2 min cycle and achieve >95% NOx conversion. This review describes studies of the transient coupling between reaction and transport, and links between catalyst composition, structure, NOx conversion, and selectivity to N2 and NH3. A glimpse is offered of emerging lean NOx reduction technologies and the new challenges they pose.
Vanillin content in boiled peanuts.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determination of vanillin in boiled peanuts has been developed. Vanillin was extracted with acetonitrile by blending at high speed followed by purification of an aliquot of the extract on a minicolumn packed with Al2O3. Vanillin was quantitated by HPLC on silica gel with n-hexane/2-propanol/water/acetic acid (2100/540/37/2, v/v) as a mobile phase. The recovery of vanillin added to fresh peanut hulls at 0.50 and 2.50 μg/g was 78.7 ± 2.7 and 79.9 ± 3.1%, respectively. The detection limit of vanillin in boiled peanuts was estimated at 0.05 μg/g. UV-detector response to vanillin was linear to at least 2.5 μg/injection. Free vanillin has been found in two commercial brands of boiled peanuts at low ppm levels. Both the kernels and the hulls contained vanillin, which was formed during hydrolysis of lignin, one of the major constituents of the peanut hulls. Since vanillin has a low flavor threshold, it could be considered as one of the major ingredients ...
Determination of tissue optical properties in PDT treated head and neck patients

Determination of optical properties (absorption (μa) and scattering (μs') coefficients) in human tissue is important when it comes to accurate calculation of fluence rate in and around tissue area. ALA application to the tissue induces production of protoporphyrin IX when activated by red light. Changes in the tissue optical properties can send information such as treatment outcome and tissue drug concentration. Patients in this study were treated with PDT for head and neck mucosal dysplasia. They were enrolled in a phase I study of escalating light doses and oral ALA with 60mg/kg. Red light at 630nm was administered to the tumor from a laser. The light dose was escalated from 50-200J/cm2 with a measured fluence rate at tissue surface of 100mW/cm2. We developed a light detection device for the purpose of determining optical properties in vivo using the semi-infinite method. The light detection device consists of two parallel, placed 5mm apart. In one of the catheters a 2 mm long linear diffusing light source is placed while in the second catheter, a calibrated isotropic detector is placed. The detector is scanned along the length of the light source containing catheter. Scans are done with the device placed on the treatment area (tumor) and on the normal tissue. Optical properties were measured in-vivo before and after PDT delivery for both normal tissue and tumor.
Identification of putative oncogenes in lung adenocarcinoma by a comprehensive functional genomic approach.

Amplification and overexpression of putative oncogenes confer growth advantages for tumor development. We used a functional genomic approach that integrated simultaneous genomic and transcript microarray, proteomics, and tissue microarray analyses to directly identify putative oncogenes in lung adenocarcinoma. We first identified 183 genes with increases in both genomic copy number and transcript in six lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Next, we used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify 42 proteins that were overexpressed in the cancer cells relative to normal cells. Comparing the 183 genes with the 42 proteins, we identified four genes – PRDX1, EEF1A2, CALR, and KCIP-1 – in which elevated protein expression correlated with both increased DNA copy number and increased transcript levels (all r>0.84, two-sided P<0.05). These findings were validated by Southern, Northern, and Western blotting. Specific inhibition of EEF1A2 and KCIP-1 expression with siRNA in the four cell lines tested suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis. Parallel fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses of EEF1A2 and KCIP-1 in tissue microarrays from patients with lung adenocarcinoma showed that gene amplification was associated with high protein expression for both genes and that protein overexpression was related to tumor grade, disease stage, Ki-67 expression, and a shorter survival of patients. The amplification of EEF1A2 and KCIP-1 and the presence of overexpressed protein in tumor samples strongly suggest that these genes could be oncogenes and hence potential targets for diagnosis and therapy in lung adenocarcinoma.
Astrophysical applications of a boundary integral method for fluid dynamics

A boundary integral formulation for the dynamics of incompressible, inviscid, self-gravitating bodies is described. The method is applied to several problems of astrophysical interest: spheroidal equilibria (Maclaurin and Jeans), oscillations, and a simple version of tidal encounter and breakup.
A Coupled Structural-Magnetic Strain and Stress Model for Magnetostrictive Transducers.

This paper addresses the modeling of strains and forces generated by magnetostrictive transducers in response to applied magnetic fields. The magnetostrictive effect is modeled by considering both the rotation of magnetic moments in response to the field and the elastic vibrations in the transducer. The former is modeled with the Jiles-Atherton model of ferromagnetic hysteresis in combination with a quartic magnetostriction law. The latter is modeled through force balancing which yields a PDE system with magnetostrictive inputs and boundary conditions given by the specific transducer design. The solution to this system provides both rod displacements and forces. The calculated forces are used to quantify the magnetomechanical effect in the transducer core, i.e., the stress-induced magnetization changes. This is done by considering a “law of approach” to the anhysteretic magnetization. The resulting model provides a representation of the bidirectional coupling between the magnetic and elastic states. It is...
The Role of Language Learning Progressions in Improved Instruction and Assessment of English Language Learners.

This article addresses theoretical and empirical issues relevant for the development and evaluation of language learning progressions. The authors explore how learning progressions aligned with new content standards can form a central basis of efforts to describe the English language needed in school contexts for learning, instruction, and assessment. Learning progressions, in contrast with standards, can articulate incremental growth and are positioned to support teachers' formative assessment practices with K–12 students who are acquiring English as an additional language. Extending learning progressions that have taken hold in other areas of student learning to language learning and development requires conceptualizing (1) in what ways language progresses, and (2) how language growth can be supported by educators. The authors illustrate both considerations with the example of a new language learning progression and formative assessment initiative that are based on the characterization of explanations generated by students with a wide range of experiences with English.
A new assay and cellular localization for an inducible glucuronyltransferase in the embryonic chick liver

A direct, radioisotopic assay is described for the uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA): p-aminophenol glucuronyltransferase. The assay uses solid phase p-aminophenol-Sephadex as the glucuronyl acceptor and UDP-[14C]GA as the glucuronyl donor. After incubation with the enzyme, the derivatized Sephadex beads are washed in SDS-urea or with high salt concentrations to remove all labeled material except for that covalently attached to the beads. Sonicated livers from chick embryos exposed to phenobarbital for at least 5 days transfer more than ten times the glucuronic acid to derivatized beads than do uninduced livers of the same developmental age. Glucuronyl-transferase activity can be detected on intact, living cells after 5 days of phenobarbital induction, whereas sonicate activity is detectable within 3 days of induction. Suspensions of living cells can show 25% the activity found in the same suspension after all the cells are lysed by sonication.
Status of the DØ Silicon Microstrip Tracker

Abstract The DO collaboration looks forward to the start of data taking in Run II at the Tevatron on March 1, 2001 with a new Silicon Microstrip Tracker. Steady progress is being made for the construction of this detector. The current status of sensor delivery, production and assembly, and testing is discussed after reviewing the design.
Membrane acid phosphatase in rabbit erythrocytes

Abstract The activity of acid phosphatase(s) in rabbit erythrocyte membranes has been studied. The enzyme (s) utilize a variety of monophosphates including nucleotide monophosphates. It also exhibits phosphotransferase activity. No requirement for magnesium ions was demonstrated, and its activity is unaffected by the addition of sodium, potassium, and ouabain. In contrast to soluble phosphatase(s) of the rabbit erythrocyte it is markedly inhibited by fluoride ions. Experiments with intact cells suggest that the enzyme is oriented to the outer surface of the cell membrane.
Organization of the engineering profession

Since the organization of the American Society of Civil Engineers 100 years ago, professional engineering has assumed a major role in American life. The goal now to be attained is the closer organization of the entire engineering profession.
Palmprint recognition using correlation filter classifiers

This paper introduces the application of correlation filter classifiers for palmprint identification and verification. Correlation filter classifiers have been previously applied to other biometric classification tasks, but not to classification of palmprint images. We describe how the extraction of an appropriate region of interest in the palmprint surface can be used to design correlation filters that accomplish 100% recognition on a database of 50 persons.
An Overview of the Stable Theory of Population

At the turn of the twentieth century the life table was the dominant model that was used to represent a population. This model, however, was and still is only a picture of mortality of a given population at a given time. The life table does not take into account fertility, and as a result, is not an effective tool that can be used to thoroughly analyze and project a population. The mathematical attempts that had been made to project populations, such as the exponential and logistic curves, represented simple models based on conjectures concerning the behavior of a population.
Ionic mechanisms underlying spontaneous CA1 neuronal firing in Ca2+-free solution.

Hippocampal CA1 neurons exposed to zero-(Ca 21 ) solutions can generate periodic spontaneous synchronized activity in the absence of synaptic function. Experiments using hippocampal slices showed that, after exposure to zero-(Ca 21 )0 solution, CA1 pyramidal cells depolarized 5-10 mV and started firing spontaneous action potentials. Spontaneous single neuron activity appeared in singlets or was grouped into bursts of two or three action potentials. A 16-compartment, 23-variable cable model of a CA1 pyramidal neuron was developed to study mechanisms of spontaneous neuronal bursting in a calcium- free extracellular solution. In the model, five active currents (a fast sodium current, a persistent sodium current, an A-type transient potassium current, a delayed rectifier potassium current, and a muscarinic potassium current) are included in the somatic compartment. The model simulates the spontaneous bursting behavior of neurons in calcium-free solutions. The mechanisms underlying several aspects of bursting are studied, including the generation of triplet bursts, spike duration, burst termination, after-depolarization behavior, and the prolonged inactive period between bursts. We show that the small persistent sodium current can play a key role in spontaneous CA1 activity in zero-calcium solutions. In particular, it is necessary for the generation of an after-depolarizing potential and prolongs both individual bursts and the interburst interval.
Dependence of LC VCO oscillation frequency on bias current

LC-tuned voltage controlled oscillators (LC VCOs) are widely used in high performance phase locked loops (PLLs) and frequency synthesizers due to their high spectral purity. The oscillation frequency of an LC VCO is commonly assumed to be the resonant frequency of the LC tank. However, this is not accurate as shown in this paper. The oscillation frequency is also affected by the bias current. By applying our analysis to the Hegazi and Abidi's LC VCO, we propose a new digital trimming technique which can compensate for process variations and improve the phase noise performance.
Generalized Capacity and Source-Channel Coding for Packet Erasure Channels

We study the transmission of a stationary ergodic Gaussian source over a packet erasure channel, which is a composite channel with degraded states. A broadcast channel code can be applied to a composite channel to obtain different rates in the different channel states. However, we show that a non-broadcast direct transmission strategy achieves a higher expected rate than the broadcast code, although it does not meet Shannon's definition of reliable communication since it does not guarantee which bits will be received. Each channel code has a matching source code: the multiresolution source code allows the broadcast channel code to transmit prioritized information, and the symmetric multiple description source code enables direct transmission of unprioritized information. The end-to-end expected distortions of these schemes are also compared.
Oxytocin Receptor (OXTR) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Indirectly Predict Prosocial Behavior Through Perspective Taking and Empathic Concern.

Engaging in prosocial behavior can provide positive outcomes for self and others. Prosocial tendencies contribute to the propensity to engage in prosocial behavior. The oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) has also been associated with prosocial tendencies and behaviors. There has been little research, however, investigating whether the relationship between OXTR and prosocial behaviors is mediated by prosocial tendencies. This relationship may also vary among different types of prosocial behavior. The current study examines the relationship between OXTR, gender, prosocial tendencies, and both altruistic and public prosocial behavior endorsement. Students at a midwestern university (N = 398; 89.2% Caucasian; Mage = 20.76; 26.6% male) provided self-report measures of prosocial tendencies and behaviors and buccal cells for genotyping OXTR polymorphisms. Results indicated that OXTR single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2268498 genotype significantly predicted empathic concern, whereas gender moderated the association between several other OXTR SNPs and prosocial tendencies. Increased prosocial tendencies predicted increased altruistic prosocial behavior endorsement and decreased public prosocial behavior endorsement. Our findings suggest an association between genetic variation in OXTR and endorsement of prosocial behavior indirectly through prosocial tendencies, and that the pathway is dependent on the type of prosocial behavior and gender.
A method for determining the effective conductivity of dispersions of particles

A general method is developed to predict the effective conductivity of an infinite, statistically homogeneous suspension of particles in an arbitrary (ordered or disordered) configuration. The method follows closely that of 'stokesian dynamics', and captures both far-field and near-field particle interactions accurately with no convergence difficulties. This is accomplished by forming a capacitance matrix, the electrostatic analogue of the low-Reynolds-number resistance matrix, which relates the monopole (charge), dipole and quadrupole of the particles to the potential field of the system. A far-field approximation to the capacitance matrix is formed via a moment expansion of the integral equation for the potential. The capacitance matrix of the infinite system is limited to a finite number of equations by using periodic boundary conditions, and the Ewald method is used to form rapidly converging lattice sums of particle interactions. To include near-field effects, exact two-body interactions are added to the far-field approximation of the capacitance matrix. The particle dipoles are then calculated directly to determine the effective conductivity of the system. The Madelung constant of cohesive energy of ionic crystals is calculated for simple and body-centred cubic lattices as a check on the method formulation. The results are found to be in excellent agreement with the accepted values. Also, the effective conductivities of spherical particles in cubic arrays are calculated for particle to matrix conductivity ratios of infinity, 10 and 0.01.
Effects of gap junction conductance on oscillation properties of coupled sino-atrial node cells

Dynamics of electrically coupled model sino-atrial (SA) node cells were studied as a function of coupling conductance. Simulation results demonstrate at least four distinct regimes of behavior as coupling conductance is varied: (a) independent oscillation; (b) quasi-periodic oscillation; (c) frequency, but not waveform entrainment; and (d) frequency and waveform entrainment. The conductance of single cardiac myocyte gap junction channels is about 50 pS. These simulations therefore show that as few as four to five gap junction channels between each cell are required for frequency entrainment. Analyses of large-scale SA node network models implemented on the Connection Machine CM-2 supercomputer indicate that frequency entrainment of large networks is also supported by a small number of gap junction channels between neighboring cells. >
FPGA implementation of particle swarm optimization for inversion of large neural networks

Particle swarm inversion of large neural networks is a computationally intensive process. By the implementing a modified particle swarm optimizer and neural network in reconfigurable hardware, many of the computations can be preformed simultaneously, significantly reducing compilation time compared to a conventional computer.
A Book's Proper Place

the grim effects of the oil industry on wildlife in Alaska. The good news fit in this book; technical reports describing the bad news fill a library in Anchorage. The legacy of the oil industry in Alaska is written not only in the reports of financial success and “little change” on the North Slope, but on the backs of tens of thousands of oiled birds, in the death of a fishing industry and the decimation of the economy of a oncethriving fishing town, and in the loss of the subsistence way of life in a score of coastal villages. The accounted financial costs exceed $1 billion; the effects on wildlife, and the aesthetic and psychological effects on people, are unaccountable. These costs, of course, pertain mainly to the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, which occurred in Prince William Sound, Alaska, at the other end of the pipeline that starts on the North Slope. When a new president, a narrowly elected ex-oilman, is pushing an industrial development agenda that most Americans consider radical and unacceptable, it is critical for our nation’s experts and for AIBS to be responsible about what we say on the subject of oil and industrial development. Alaskan wilderness is currently beset with plans for industrial development, including plans for an underwater natural gas pipeline, 688 leases for oil development in the Beaufort Sea, expansion in Cook Inlet, and drilling on the Copper River Delta. Environmentalists have always
Adaptive intervehicle communication control for cooperative safety systems

Vehicular ad hoc networks play a critical role in enabling important active safety applications such as cooperative collision warning. These active safety applications rely on continuous broadcast of self-information by all vehicles, which allows each vehicle to track all its neighboring cars in real time. The most pressing challenge in such safety-driven communication is to maintain acceptable tracking accuracy while avoiding congestion in the shared channel. In this article we propose a transmission control protocol that adapts communication rate and power based on the dynamics of a vehicular network and safety-driven tracking process. The proposed solution uses a closed-loop control concept and accounts for wireless channel unreliability. Simulation results confirm that if packet generation rate and associated transmission power for safety messages are adjusted in an on-demand and adaptive fashion, robust tracking is possible under various traffic conditions.
The Design and Biological Properties Of Iodine-123 Labelled β-Methyl-Branched Fatty Acids

The synthetic strategy, synthesis, preclinical evaluation and potential clinical applications of 3-methyl-branched radioiodinated iodophenyl- and iodovinyl-substituted fatty acids are reviewed for use as myocardial imaging agents. 50 references, 6 figures. (ACR)
An intelligent low-cost scanning range finder

In this paper, we present an intelligent, low-cost scanning range finder for collision avoidance on systems with limited processing power. Our range finder is made low cost and computationally efficient by taking into consideration the actual planning needs for local obstacle avoidance algorithms to dynamically select the area to sample range measurements from. We present a modified version of Trajectory Rollout which takes into account the limited sensory, and present a sensory sampling strategy based on the needs of this trajectory planner. Finally, we present the construction and deployment of the sensor on a robot in both telepresence and autonomous operation.
Strontium aluminum tantalum oxide and strontium aluminum niobium oxide as potential substrates for HTSC thin films.

Single crystal fibers of A(B1 1/2 B2 1/2 )O 3 perovskites type with compositions Sr(Al 1/2 Ta 1/2 )O 3 (SAT) and Sr(Al 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 (SAN) were grown successfully for the first time, using a laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique. Their crystallographic structures were found to be simple cubic perovskite with lattice parameters a = 3.8952 A (SAT) and a = 3.8995 A (SAN) that are close lattice matches to the YBCO superconductors. No structural phase transitions or twins have been found, and the average coefficients of the thermal expansion match well with the YBCO superconductor materials. We report that SAT is one of the most promising substrates to date for the epitaxial growth of HTSC thin films suitable for microwave device applications as it has low dielectric constants ( K ∼ 11–12, at 100 Hz–10 GHz and 300 K) and low dielectric loss (∼4 × 10 −5 at 10 kHz and 80 K), together with lattice parameter matching, thermal expansion matching, and chemical compatibility with the high T c superconductors (YBCO).
Do developers search for source code examples using multiple facts

In this paper we examine the search behaviours of developers using the Strathcona source code example recommendation system over the period of three years. In particular, we investigate the number of query facts software engineers included in their queries as they searched for source code examples. We found that in practice developers predominantly searched with multiple search facts and tended to constrain their queries by iteratively adding more facts as needed. Our experience with this data suggest that example search tools should both support searching with multiple facts as well and facilitate the construction of multi-fact queries.
The Morphological and Genetic Distinctness of Botrychium minganense and B. crenulatum as Assessed by Morphometric Analysis and RAPD Markers

Abstract Two species of Botrychium subgenus Botrychium (moonworts, Ophioglossaceae), Botrychium minganense Victorin and B. crenulatum W. H. Wagner, can sometimes be confused in the field, even by experts, because of their reduced morphology. Botrychium minganense can imitate B. crenulatum, which is more rare. They are afforded different degrees of protection on Federal lands, making the distinctness of these species a question of management, conservation, and systematic interest. The purpose of this study was to compare a morphometric analysis of these two species with an analysis of DNA markers from the same individuals, and to assess their distinctness under each method. Collections were made in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana from seven populations of B. crenulatum and 18 populations of B. minganense. Each plant was measured, emphasizing characters cited by authors in the original species descriptions. Canonical variate analysis performed on SAS separated the samples into two species groups with...
Hybrid simulation modeling for humanitarian relief chain coordination

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual framework for a hybrid simulation model that can be used to study the decision making and behaviors of humanitarian logistics actors to determine how/whether certain coordination mechanisms enable better relief chain efficiency and effectiveness over time. Design/methodology/approach – The agent-based portion of the model is used to represent human decision making and interactions in a more realistic way than has been done previously, and the discrete-event simulation (DES) portion of the model allows the movement of vehicles, materials, and information throughout a supply network to be represented in a way that allows for dynamic and stochastic behavior. Findings – Coordinated efforts by actors in humanitarian logistics operations involve complex interactions and adaptations over time, which can be capture and explored via hybrid agent-based model (ABM)-DES modeling. Research limitations/implications – This paper describes a framework for a h...
INTERPRETING INSTANT MESSAGING Context and Meaning in Computer-Mediated Communication

ONLINE AND OFFLINE, PEOPLE INTERPRET BEHAVIOR BY PLACING IT IN CONTEXT. However, different people contextualize the same behavior in different ways, thereby attributing different meaning to it. This is especially evident in the ways in which people attribute meaning in instant messaging (IM), a particular form of computer mediated communication (CMC). In this paper I examine contexts that shape the interpretation of such messages, focusing on the kinds or levels ofknowledge shared (or not shared) by correspondents. In doing so, I want to draw anthropological attention to this new mode of communication (since anthropologists have paid little attention to it) and to complement the ways in which other researchers approach the study of computer-mediated communication.
Associations between individual and relationship characteristics and genital herpes disclosure

Disclosure is often a challenge for individuals living with genital herpes. This study explores determinants of genital herpes disclosure with one's most recent sexual partner using an online questionnaire (n = 93). The majority of participants reported (80.4%) disclosure. Among non-disclosers, fear of negative partner reactions was the primary reason for non-disclosure. Age, relationship commitment, time in relationship, and expectations of partner's reaction were statistically significant predictors at the bivariate level. Reaction expectations and relationship commitment remained significant in the multivariate logistic regression model. Findings indicate that future disclosure research should focus on relationship context and managing negative expectations to increase disclosure.
14.2 Contemporary Issues in Asian/Pacific Markets

Marketing ethics theories generally recognize culture as an important influencing factor for ethical decisionmaking (e.g., Ferrell and Gresham, 1985; Hunt and Vitell, 1986). The important role of culture in ethical decisions was further accentuated in the theoretical work of Vitell, Nwachukwu and Barnes (1993) where Hofstede's (1983) cultural typology was applied to ethical issues. Results from various inter-country studies of business people also indicate that there are variations in ethical decisions across cultures. While there has been some interest among researchers on the cross-cultural aspects of business/marketing ethics decisions, there has been relatively little interest among researchers on the ethical decision processes of marketers from different countries and cultures. The few cross-cultural ethics studies conducted tend to focus mainly on behavior or intention and not on the cognitive components or the psychosocial factors underlying ethical decision-making processes. Moreover, these cross-cultural studies are mainly limited to western advanced countries.
Examining quality of rural drinking water and analysis of result in Tiantai

Objective:To understand state of the quality of the rural drinking water in Tiantai.Methods:The Water sample was examined according to the relevant provision of GB/T5750-2006《standard examination methods for drinking water》;according to GB/T5749-2006《standard for life drinking water puality》carry on the evaluations.Results:284 units of water sample were inspected,in which 154 units were qualified.The qualified rate was 54.2%.The unqualified items of the water sample were mainly focused on free residual chlorine,standard plate-count bacteria,total coliforms,thermotolerant coliform bacterira,turbidity,manganese and iron,qualified rates were 60.9%,65.5%,64.4%,64.8%,87.0%,95.4%,97.9%,respectively.The qualified rates of centralized water supply and decentralized water supply were 59.3% and 41.2%,with a significant difference between the former(χ2=7.55,P0.01).The qualified rates of winter and spring were quite different from those of summer and autumn(χ2=24.76,P0.01).Conclusion:The qualified rate of the quality of the rural drinking water in Tiantai is low,especially microbial contamination of drinking water is more serious.So we should enhance the purification and disinfection of the rural drinking water.
transactions of European–American political science

In place of origins, disciplinary historians might better approach European–American political science, over the course of its three centuries, as a dynamic system of complex actions. Transactions are aspects or phases of this dynamic system, and they underscore that disciplinary historians' interpretations take place in the history of which they are about. Examples of these transactions since the eighteenth century are in evidence in the preceding five papers, either expressed or when reinterpreted as done here. Transactional historiography deserves further elaboration on the eve of a global political science.