cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Designing distribution network tariffs that are fair for different consumer groups

Increasing use of distributed generation, the introduction of Electric Vehicles and smart technologies and changing patterns of energy demand have all changed the way in which the distribution network for electricity is used, both in Europe and worldwide. These changes raise the question not only of how distribution systems should be used, but also how costs should be met. In particular, there are concerns about whether costs of ‘traditional’ networks will be stranded, and, if so, who will bear the costs. The Clean Energy Package, proposed by the European Commission in 2016, emphasises the importance of competitive prices, efficiency and non-discrimination. It focuses on cost as a basis for tariffs, which should also allow consumers to feed in their own generation, and to pay the appropriate share of distribution system costs. The Package also acknowledges the importance of social objectives by individual Member States, while reiterating prohibition of specific cross-subsidies. Within this cost-related framework this report outlines some concepts of fairness, emphasising that this criterion does not deliver a unique template, but depends both on how some costs are allocated and on different interpretations of fairness. We review some existing tariff structures, and simulate the effects of some structures through ‘notional’ households, allowing some households to selfgenerate. When consumers respond very differently to tariff signals, those who are unwilling or unable to respond to changing tariffs may find themselves bearing a greater burden of the system’s costs, which raises particular issues around fairness.
'Unchaining Django': Gender, Narrative, and Agency in Quentin Tarentino's Civil War Era Black Rage Flick

This paper discusses Django Unchained (2012) and situates it within the tradition of previous Hollywood films that exploit the theme of black rage in the period 1858 to 1898. Using approaches from Cultural Studies representation theory (Stuart Hall), Films Studies (Lacan and McGowan) and Literary Criticism (Derrida), Django Unchained, Buck and the Preacher (1972), The Legend of Nigger Charley (1972), Blazing Saddles (1974) and Posse (1993) will be examined for how they portray women, represent black agency and reflect contemporary black identity and the discourse about race in the relevant decade. Second, the paper will use content analysis of the response to Django Unchained on social media, exploring whether Tarentinos Django represents a response to the post-racial discourse that has become popular since the election of Barack Obama. I argue that when Django is read as text and situated in a genealogy of black rage films, it represents a return to racist discourse that is now viewed by many to be comical since there is a presumed declining importance of race and sensitivity to racist discourse.
EXTENSION OF THE STABILITY POSTULATE WITH EMPHASIS ON TEMPERATURE CHANGES

Summary A definition of stability of a body of material under isothermal conditions has been phrased in terms of an external agency which can apply any set of forces to the body. Positive work by each of the sets of forces of the external agency on the change in displacements produced insures stability. The proposal is made now that the external agency be thought of as applying other environmental “forces” with accompanying changes in “displacement”. If temperature change is considered as a force the corresponding change in displacement is the change in the flow of entropy into the body. Attention is devoted to such specialized topics as adiabatic yield surfaces in plasticity and variation of yield stress with temperature. Consideration is given also to the reasonableness of the postulate and to its position in the laws of thermodynamics. One conclusion is that it is necessary to use uncoupled thermal and stress equations in plasticity theory when the yield stress decreases with temperature.
Remote capture: digitising documentary heritage in challenging locations

‘Digitization is preservation’ is a rallying cry and virtual credo for many cultural organizations that seek to safeguard at-risk archival collections. A large number of funding organizations rely ...
Partnering with Special Collections in Promoting Digital Humanities: Papers of Charles Daniel Tenney (丁家立档案) at Dartmouth College

This paper discusses a project relating to the papers of Charles Tenney at Dartmouth College in order to examine the value of partnering with special collections while promoting digital humanities. It treats the discovery, digitization, publication and utilization of rare and unique primary resources in assisting classroom teaching and research. This project provides a case study that illustrates how, by creating collaborative projects with faculty and colleagues, librarians can create knowledge, enrich scholarship, and better serve academic communities as research partners instead of being mere content providers.
Snowfall to introduce system simulations: nifty assignment

A visual simulation of snowfall provides a nifty way to introduce students to discrete system simulations. In this assignment, students are given an intentionally unrealistic snowfall program and told to make it more lifelike by correctly choosing appropriate statistical distributions to insert into the simulation. The assignment was originally given in a senior level discrete system simulations course after introducing numerous statistical distributions to determine if students could correctly apply the distributions.
Conditionally Deep Hybrid Neural Networks Across Edge and Cloud.

The pervasiveness of "Internet-of-Things" in our daily life has led to a recent surge in fog computing, encompassing a collaboration of cloud computing and edge intelligence. To that effect, deep learning has been a major driving force towards enabling such intelligent systems. However, growing model sizes in deep learning pose a significant challenge towards deployment in resource-constrained edge devices. Moreover, in a distributed intelligence environment, efficient workload distribution is necessary between edge and cloud systems. To address these challenges, we propose a conditionally deep hybrid neural network for enabling AI-based fog computing. The proposed network can be deployed in a distributed manner, consisting of quantized layers and early exits at the edge and full-precision layers on the cloud. During inference, if an early exit has high confidence in the classification results, it would allow samples to exit at the edge, and the deeper layers on the cloud are activated conditionally, which can lead to improved energy efficiency and inference latency. We perform an extensive design space exploration with the goal of minimizing energy consumption at the edge while achieving state-of-the-art classification accuracies on image classification tasks. We show that with binarized layers at the edge, the proposed conditional hybrid network can process 65% of inferences at the edge, leading to 5.5x computational energy reduction with minimal accuracy degradation on CIFAR-10 dataset. For the more complex dataset CIFAR-100, we observe that the proposed network with 4-bit quantization at the edge achieves 52% early classification at the edge with 4.8x energy reduction. The analysis gives us insights on designing efficient hybrid networks which achieve significantly higher energy efficiency than full-precision networks for edge-cloud based distributed intelligence systems.
Intraindividual relative deficits in visual memory to lateralize seizure onset in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Abstract It is well established that presurgical neuropsychological assessment can assist in lateralizing and localizing focal epileptogenic regions. However, unlike verbal memory impairment, which is a robust and reliable finding in patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE), nonverbal memory deficits are less consistently found among patients with right TLE (RTLE). This study aimed to determine whether memory assessment for spatial location in addition to visual content would differentiate patients with RTLE and LTLE. We compared performances between patients with 25 RTLE and 37 patients with LTLE on the Wechsler Advanced Clinical Solutions-Faces (ACS-F) subscales (Faces I, Faces II, Content, and Spatial), verbal–visual memory asymmetry scores, and intelligence quotient (IQ)–visual memory difference scores. Results revealed no significant differences between patients with RTLE and LTLE for any ACS-F memory score. By contrast, groups demonstrated significant differences in memory asymmetry scores (p = .007) and IQ difference scores (p = .006). Thus, visual memory scores in isolation failed to differentiate groups with RTLE and LTLE; however, within-patient differences between visual memory and other cognitive abilities successfully differentiated the groups. These results highlight the importance of using an intraindividual model of neuropsychological assessment to identify relative weaknesses potentially associated with the epileptogenic region.
Listener's ratings and acoustic analyses of voice qualities associated with English and Korean sarcastic utterances

Abstract Sarcasm, a form of nonliteral language and a subtype of verbal irony, refers to the use of words that mean the opposite of what is intended and express negative attitudes toward persons or events. Sarcasm is prevalent in everyday conversation and the appropriate understanding of the speaker's intent is crucial for successful communication. This study investigated voice qualities associated with sarcastic and literal utterances using listeners’ ratings and acoustic analyses. Listeners’ ratings and acoustic analyses showed that acoustic profiles associated with sarcasm in different languages (English and Korean) are different. Listeners’ ratings revealed that nasal, breathy, and pharyngealized voice quality are associated with sarcastic utterances. Acoustic analyses showed that jitter and harmonics-to-noise ratio were significantly different between sarcastic and literal utterances. Correlation between listeners’ ratings and acoustic analyses were seen in Korean. The results support that specific voice qualities were associated with sarcastic utterances. The results also suggested the interplay of multiple vocal qualities to denote sarcasm. Acoustic analyses and perceptual ratings were found to be complementary in investigating voice quality associated with sarcasm.
Effects of co-administration of 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) and a selective µ-opioid receptor agonist into the nucleus accumbens on high-fat feeding behaviors in the rat

Previous research has demonstrated that the nucleus accumbens is a site where opioids and cannabinoids interact to alter feeding behavior. However, the influence of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) on the well-characterized model of intra-accumbens opioid driven high-fat feeding behavior has not been explored. The present experiments examined high-fat feeding associated behaviors produced by the interaction of 2-AG and the μ-opioid receptor agonist DAla(2),N,Me-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)-enkaphalin (DAMGO) administered into the nucleus accumbens. Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with bilateral cannulae aimed at the nucleus accumbens and were co-administered both a sub-threshold dose of 2-AG (0 or 0.25 μg/0.5 μl/side) and DAMGO (0, 0.025 μg or 0.25 μg/0.5 μl/side) in all dose combinations, and in a counterbalanced order. Animals were then immediately allowed a 2h-unrestricted access period to a palatable high-fat diet. Consumption, number and duration of food hopper entries, and locomotor activity were all monitored. DAMGO treatment led to an increase in multiple behaviors, including consumption, duration of food hopper entry, and locomotor activity. However, combined intra-accumbens administration of DAMGO and a subthreshold dose of 2-AG led to a significant increase in number of food hopper entries and locomotor activity, compared to DAMGO by itself. The results confirm that intra-accumbens administration of subthreshold dose of the endogenous cannabinoid 2-AG increases the DAMGO-induced approach and locomotor behaviors associated with high-fat feeding.
Theresa Alfaro-Velcamp, So far from Allah, so close to Mexico: Middle Eastern immigrants in modern Mexico

There is an immediate indication on the back cover of Theresa Alfaro-Velcamp’s So far from Allah, So close to Mexico that this is field-altering scholarship—the general topics of the book for classification purposes are listed as Middle Eastern Studies and Latin American Studies. The equating of these two Area Studies topics promises a re-examination of traditional approaches to the scholarship that exists on the Middle East and Latin America. This work is a valuable contribution to the growing number of works that link these two world areas not usually studied together and that strive to deepen our understanding of a world order too-often reduced to facile categorizations such as East/West or the developed world versus the developing world. A truer understanding of the world system is provided by studying issues such as international migration. This issue and others like it complicate a more basic understanding of the world which has gained much currency of late. AlfaroVelcamp’s So far from Allah directly challenges approaches to international affairs that result in an ‘us versus them’ framework. So far from Allah helps us better understand the history of Middle East migration to Mexico. It covers the period from the end of the nineteenth century, when this migration began, to the present. Alfaro-Velcamp’s sources include immigrant registration cards, Mexican immigration laws, citizen complaints about Middle Easterners, immigrant community-based publications, U.S. immigration cases involving Syrians crossing into the US and personal interviews. The range of sources is laudable. Beyond providing a wide-ranging profile of Middle Eastern immigrants to Mexico and discussing the different roles they have played in Mexican society, So Cont Islam (2010) 4:255–257 DOI 10.1007/s11562-009-0082-2
The economics of nuclear power: Further evidence on learning, economies of scale, and regulatory effects

Abstract A major reason for the current problems of the nuclear industry is the unprecedented increase in construction costs over time. Cost and leadtime data on 67 completed and nearly complete nuclear plants are used to examine the underlying sources of cost increases. The study is distinguished from other work on nuclear power costs by the approach used to derive the real, overnight construction costs. The results identify an important and overlooked relationship among size, construction leadtime, and overnight costs.
Shielding effectiveness of carbon-filled polycarbonate composites

In this project, varying amounts of three different carbons [carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP)] were added to polycarbonate (PC). The resulting single filler composites were tested for shielding effectiveness (SE). The effects of single fillers and combinations of two different carbon fillers were studied via a factorial design. At the highest single filler loadings, the following SE results were obtained at 800 MHz: 18.9 dB for 10 wt % CB/PC, 18.4 dB for 8 wt % CNT/PC, and 6.3 dB for 15 wt % GNP/PC. The highest SE value of 21.4 dB was measured for the 5 wt % CB/5 wt % CNT/PC composite and could be used in SE applications (typically > 20 dB is needed). Statistically significant equations were developed that could be used to predict the SE of composites containing these fillers. In addition, it was determined that the composite SE is higher than what would be expected from the additive effect of each single filler for the CB/GNP/PC composites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42719.
Germ line basis for antibody diversity.

Each antibody polypeptide chain is the product of a gene pair comprising one constant (C) gene coding for that portion of the chain common to all chains of the same type and one variable (V) gene coding for the sequence unique to each chain. Previous evidence indicates that the haploid genome has a single copy of each distinct C gene and that for expression a gene pair is formed with any one of a family of V genes present in the same haploid genome. Hybridization of purified mRNA coding for immunoglobulin heavy chain (mRNA-H) with a vast excess of DNA confirms the existence of a single C gene of each type and multiple V genes. A large number (of the order of 104) of V genes would be consistent with the hybridization results. This suggests considerable V gene redundancy which is a predictable property of a multiple V gene family maintained by expansion and contraction mechanisms. The mRNA-H used in these hybridization studies was isolated by a specific interaction with immunoglobulin. The same method has also been used to isolate a nuclear precursor of mRNA-H. Identification of this precursor strengthens the evidence for the direct joining of the V and C gene pair at the DNA level prior to transcription.—Williamson, A. R., E. Premkumar And M. Shoyab. Germ line basis for antibody diversity. Federation Proc. 34: 28–32, 1975.
An Evaluation of Service Complexity Measures of Front Office Employees in the Hotel/Motel Industry

Two hundred and twelve hotel/motel front office employees were surveyed in order to determine the relationship between sixteen service complexity constructs and employee attitudinal reactions to their job. The results of the study indicate that in addition to the generally accepted complexity measures, there are other measures available to evaluate job complexity of the customer contact employee.
Semiconductor Startups and The Exploration of New Technological Territory

Why are small firms important? The answer to this question often points to the critical role played by small firms in innovation. Research conducted by small firms has, after all, been shown to be more productive than that conducted by larger firms (Bound, Cummins, Griliches, Hall, and Jaffe, 1984). For instance, Acs and Audretsch (1990) find that small firms produce innovations with twice the productivity of larger firms. However, this superiority of small firms in research productivity has not been supported universally. The higher productivity of small-firm research is evident only in some industries and is more conclusive for the United States than for other countries (Scherer, 1984).
Altered Permeability of Cell Membranes

The sections in this article are: 1 Membrane Theory of Toxicity 2 Heavy Metals — Mercury and its Compounds 2.1 Passive Ion and Water Permeability of Cells 2.2 Carrier-Mediated Ion Transport 2.3 Inhibition of Other Transport Systems 2.4 Environmental Role 3 Organochlorines — DDT and its Metabolites 3.1 Passive Na+ and K+ Permeability of Axolemma 3.2 Active Na+ Transport in Epithelia and Cells 3.3 Inhibition of Other Active Transport Systems 4 Conclusions and Speculations
Analytical Ultracentrifugation: Sedimentation Velocity Analysis

The analytical ultracentrifuge is a high speed centrifuge with an optical system allowing observation of the concentration of macromolecules as a function of radius and time. In sedimentation velocity experiments,relatively high speeds are used so that a boundary is formed between the solution of sedimenting macromolecule and the buffer in which it is dissolved. Analysis of the rate boundary movement and evolution of its shape can yield information about the molar masses of species present as well as stoichiometries and equilibrium constants for their interactions. This overview discusses crucial issues pertaining to sedimentation velocity experiments, including non-interacting and interacting systems, ideality and non-ideality, and reversible versus kinetically limited equilibrium scenarios.
Chapter 10 SNARE-Induced Fusion of Vesicles to a Planar Bilayer

Abstract The study of neurotransmitter release requires defining the cellular machinery and environmental factors essential for synaptic vesicle exocytosis. The construction of a simple model system to define these factors would prove to be instrumental to this process. Such a model system can be made using planar lipid bilayers (BLMs) to represent the presynaptic membrane, to which synaptic vesicles can fuse. Fusion can be detected either by monitoring changes in bilayer conductance (after addition of nystatin (nys) channels to synaptic vesicles) or by amperometry to detect release of oxidizable substrates such as dopamine. Use of this model system with both detection assays has provided interesting insights into the ability of reconstituted SNARE (soluble N -ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins to catalyze the process of membrane fusion. In contrast to most other reconstitution studies, SNAP-25 is not required as a t-SNARE in this system. Reconstitution of the t-SNARE protein syntaxin in the target bilayer by itself is sufficient to produce fusion of secretory vesicles (SVs) (containing native membrane proteins). Data also suggest that vesicular lipids organize into domains and that fluid domains promote SNARE-induced fusion. Currently very little is known about the regulatory mechanisms involved in synaptic exocytosis. This chapter focuses on the techniques and components necessary to build a model synapse. The systems described here provide convenient techniques with which to study some of the mechanisms of exocytosis.
On the embrittlement of zircaloy-4 under RIA-relevant conditions

The extended use of Zircaloy cladding in light water reactors degrades its mechanical properties by a combination of irradiation embrittlement, coolant-side oxidation, hydrogen pickup, and hydride formation. The hydrides are usually concentrated in the form of a dense layer or rim near the cooler outer surface of the cladding. Utilizing plane-strain ring-stretch tests to approximate the loading path in a reactivity-initiated accident (RIA) transient, we examined the influence of a hydride rim on the fracture behavior of unirradiated Zircaloy-4 cladding at room temperature and 300 C. Failure is sensitive to hydride-rim thickness such that cladding tubes with a hydride-rim thickness >100 {micro}m ({approx}700 wppm total hydrogen) exhibit brittle behavior, while those with a thickness <90 {micro}m ({approx}600 wppm) remain ductile. The mechanism of failure is identified as strain-induced crack initiation within the hydride rim and failure within the uncracked ligament due to either a shear instability or damage-induced fracture. We also report some preliminary results of the uniaxial tensile behavior of low-Sn Zircaloy-4 cladding tubes in a cold-worked, stress-relieved condition in the transverse (hoop) direction at strain rates of 0.001/s and 0.2/s and temperatures of 26-400 C.
CD24 + Ovarian cancer cells are enriched for cancer-initiating cells and dependent on JAK2 signaling for growth and metastasis

Ovarian cancer is known to be composed of distinct populations of cancer cells, some of which demonstrate increased capacity for cancer initiation and/or metastasis. The study of human cancer cell populations is difficult due to long requirements for tumor growth, interpatient variability, and the need for tumor growth in immune-deficient mice. We therefore characterized the cancer initiation capacity of distinct cancer cell populations in a transgenic murine model of ovarian cancer. In this model, conditional deletion of Apc, Pten, and Trp53 in the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) results in the generation of high-grade metastatic ovarian carcinomas. Cell lines derived from these murine tumors express numerous putative stem cell markers, including CD24, CD44, CD90, CD117, CD133, and ALDH. We show that CD24(+) and CD133(+) cells have increased tumor sphere-forming capacity. CD133(+) cells demonstrated a trend for increased tumor initiation while CD24(+) cells versus CD24(-) cells had significantly greater tumor initiation and tumor growth capacity. No preferential tumor-initiating or growth capacity was observed for CD44(+), CD90(+), CD117(+), or ALDH(+) versus their negative counterparts. We have found that CD24(+) cells, compared with CD24(-) cells, have increased phosphorylation of STAT3 and increased expression of STAT3 target Nanog and c-myc. JAK2 inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation preferentially induced cytotoxicity in CD24(+) cells. In vivo JAK2 inhibitor therapy dramatically reduced tumor metastases, and prolonged overall survival. These findings indicate that CD24(+) cells play a role in tumor migration and metastasis and support JAK2 as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
Decapentaplegic-responsive silencers contain overlapping mad-binding sites.

Smad proteins regulate transcription in response to transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways by binding to two distinct types of DNA sites. The sequence GTCT is recognized by all receptor-activated Smads and by Smad4. The subset of Smads that responds to bone morphogenetic protein signaling recognizes a distinct class of GC-rich sites in addition to GTCT. Recent work has shown that Drosophila Mad protein, the homologue of bone morphogenetic protein rSmads, binds to GRCGNC sites through the same MH1 domain β-hairpin interface used to contact GTCT sites. However, binding to GRCGNC requires base-specific contact by two Mad proteins, and here we provide evidence that this is achieved by contact of the two Mad subunits that overlap across the two central base pairs of the site. This topology is supported by results indicating that His-93, which is located at the tip of the Mad β-hairpin, is in close proximity to base pairs 2 and 5. Also consistent with the model is disruption of binding by mutation of Glu-39 and Glu-40, which are predicted to lie at the interface of the two overlapping Mad MH1 domains. As predicted from the overlapping model, binding is disrupted by insertion of 1 bp in the middle of the site, whereas insertion of 2 bp creates abutting sites that can be bound by the Mad-Medea heterotrimer without requiring Glu-39 and Glu-40. Overlapping Mad sites predominate in decapentaplegic response elements, consistent with a high degree of specificity in response to signaling.
Polarization measurements in optically detected electron spin resonance of excited triplet states at zero field

Abstract Polarization measurements of optically detected electron spin resonance at zero field using an external antenna to transmit linearly polarized microwave power are described.
Power conservation and quality of surveillance in target tracking sensor networks

Target tracking is an important application of wireless sensor networks. In this application, the sensor nodes collectively monitor and track the movement of an event or target object. The network operations have two states: the surveillance state during the absence of any event of interest, and the tracking state which is in response to any moving targets. Thus, the power saving operations, which is of critical importance for extending network lifetime, should be operative in two different modes as well. In this paper, we study the power saving operations in both states of network operations. During surveillance state, a set of novel metrics for quality of surveillance is proposed specifically for detecting moving objects. In the tracking state, we propose a collaborative messaging scheme that wakes up and shuts down the sensor nodes with spatial and temporal preciseness. This study, which is a combination of theoretical analysis and simulated evaluations, quantifies the trade-off between power conservation and quality of surveillance while presenting guidelines for efficient deployment of sensor nodes for target tracking application.
Duality between SU(N)k and SU(k)N WZW models

We exhibit a duality of the SU(N)k WZW model under interchange of the group parameter N and the level k. The primary fields of SU(N)k and SU(k)N are related by transposition of their associated Young tableaux. The holomorphic blocks of the four-point functions of the primary fields are in one-to-one correspondence, and satisfy orthogonality and completeness relations with respect to one another. We derive these relations through a path integral realization of the SU(N)k WZW model in terms of a theory of constrained Dirac fermions.
Substituent dependent topologies in cobalt isophthalate coordination polymers with bis(pyridylmethyl)piperazine coligands

Abstract Divalent cobalt coordination polymers containing bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine (4-bpmp) or bis(3-pyridylmethyl)piperazine (3-bpmp) ligands and 5-substituted isophthalate ligands have been hydrothermally prepared and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. [Co(OHip)(4-bpmp)]n (1, OHip = 5-hydroxyisophthalate) manifests a (4,4) grid 2D coordination polymer structure, with anti-syn bridged {Co2(OCO)2} dimers serving as connecting nodes. Similar dinuclear {Co2(OCO)2} clusters are evident in [Co(OMeip)(4-bpmp)]n (2, OMeip = 5-methoxyisophthalate). However, the lack of hydrogen-bonding capability of the methoxy substituent promotes formation of a rarer 6-connected (3,6) triangular net. {[Co(H2O)4(H23-bpmp)](NO2ip)2·6H2O}n (3, NO2ip = 5-nitroisophthalate) possesses cationic [ Co ( H 2 O ) 4 ( H 2 3 -bpmp ) ] n 4 n + chains connected into a supramolecular lattice by unligated NO2ip dianions and water molecules of crystallization. The variable temperature magnetic susceptibility behavior of 1 and 2 is ascribed to cooperation between single-ion effects and weak ferromagnetic superexchange.
Hexose transport regulation in cultured hamster cells.

Hamster (nil) cells maintained overnight in culture medium containing cyclohemiximide and either glucose or fructose exhibit strikingly different rates of hexose transport and metabolism (i.e. uptake). Pretreatment of cultures with sulfhydryl reagents makes it possible to determine initial transport rates for a physiological sugar such as galactose which is a catabolite in hamster cells. Using galactose transport as a model, hexose uptake enhancements can now be shown to be due almost entirely to increases in the rate of the transport step. The transport regulation can best be accounted for by a model comprised of 2 antagonizing mechanism. This model involves turnover of transport carriers as well as inhibitory units ("regulators"). The experimental as well as the theoretical model may also apply to the well-known uptake enhancements observed in oncogenically transformed cells.
Substantive or symbolic stars: Quality rating and improvement systems through a new institutional lens

Abstract Little is known about the type of quality improvements Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS) evoke and the implications of those changes for the broader early care and education (ECE) system. This study explores the perspectives of participants in Colorado's QRIS to understand the ways that the QRIS addresses dimensions of classroom quality and the evolving ECE system. It employs new institutional theory to analyze QRIS implementation based on the perspectives of 120 individuals from 13 early childhood programs. Participants in Colorado's QRIS report positive, but nuanced, reactions to the QRIS. They perceived that the QRIS had an inconsistent influence on process quality, a more substantial influence on structural quality, and the potential to enhance the ECE system. Whether programs engaged in substantive or symbolic improvements depends on program characteristics, especially initial rating level. The study shows the value of using new institutional theory to analyze ECE and explores implications for ECE program quality improvement and the emerging ECE organizational field.
Atresia of the pulmonary orifice with intact interventricular septum

Summary The unusual cardiac anomaly, atresia of the pulmonary orifice with intact interventricular septum, is described in a stillborn negro infant who also had bilateral hydronephrosis, umbilical hernia, and absence of the auricles with atresia of the external auditory canals.
Ultrafast energy transfer between the 3MLCT state of [Ru(II)(dmb)2(bpy-an)]2+ and the covalently appended anthracene.

The time scale for triplet−triplet energy transfer (EnT) between a Ru(II) chromophore and a ligand bound anthracene acceptor in [RuII(dmb)2(bpy-an)]2+ (dmb = 4,4‘-dimethyl-2,2-bipyridine; bpy-an = 4-(9-anthrylethylene), 4-methyl-2,2-bipyridine) has been measured using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The appearance of the anthracene excited state is monitored following photoexcitation to a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state via the ππ* absorption of the triplet excited state of anthracene. Our time-resolved experiments show the presence of fast, sub-100 ps energy transfer to the anthracene occurring on two characteristic time scales of 23 and 72 ps.
Evaluation of the myosin VIIA gene and visual function in patients with Usher syndrome type I.

Abstract Usher syndrome type I (USH1) is a recessively-inherited disorder consisting of retinitis pigmentosa, profound congenital deafness, and vestibular ataxia. It can be caused by mutations in at least six different loci (USH1A–1F). The gene encoding human myosin VIIA ( MYO7A ) is the USH1B locus. In this study, 66 unrelated patients with USH1 were evaluated for defects in MYO7A using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct genomic sequencing. Twenty-nine per cent of cases were found to have likely pathogenic MYO7A mutations. A total of 22 likely pathogenic changes were identified, 18 of which were novel. Cosegregation analysis of mutations in five available families showed that the MYO7A changes segregated with the disease in an autosomal recessive fashion. Average visual function as measured by visual acuity, visual field area, and ERG amplitude was not significantly different between the group of patients with likely pathogenic MYO7A changes and the group in which no likely pathogenic MYO7A changes were detected.
Microscopic Simulation of Solute Transfer in Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography

Solute retention in reversed phase liquid chromatography is driven by the free energy gradient on passing from the polar mobile phase into the nonpolar stationary phase. Only a partial understanding of retention exists currently. We present large scale molecular dynamics simulations of the transfer of a simple nonpolar solute from a water/methanol solvent mixture into a C18 stationary phase at room temperature. In addition to a detailed examination of the local environment of the solute, we compute the excess chemical potential profile. The overall free energy change is consistent in magnitude with that expected for hydrophobic transfer from water rich to oil phases, but specific interfacial effects draw into question bulk partitioning models.
A role for antigen in antibody biosynthesis

Comparison of experimental results from different laboratories leads to some new ideas on the role of antigen in antibody production.
Effects of fat deficiencyon the endocrine system in rats

T H E association of malnutrition with endocrine dysfunction has long been recognized, but investigation of the effects of specific deficiencies has been possible only during the past 40 years. Progress has been rather slow, but it has become apparent that the immature animal is particularly susceptible and that disturbance of the pituitary-gonad axis is usually the most sensitive index of nutritional deficiency. The pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-adrenocortieal axes may become involved with increasing severity of the deficiency (e.g., "pseudohypophysectomy" of malnutrition 1 or anorexia nervosa 2) and it is generally true that the pituitary gland is more often primarily affected, although direct effect on end organs also occurs. The catalogue of reports relating to experimental deficiency in both animals and man is exten-
Optical observations from the space shuttle

Abstract A brief survey is given of UV and visual observations made from the Space Shuttle. These include five astronomy experiments, four UV and one visual, some of which were affected by contamination originating with the Shuttle and its environment.
High-efficiency X-Band MMIC GaN power amplifiers operating as rectifiers

This paper presents a performance evaluation of GaN X-Band power amplifiers operating as self-synchronous rectifiers. Two single-stage MMIC power amplifiers are characterized under continuous wave conditions at 10.1GHz. One PA is designed with a single 10 × 100μm HEMT in a 0.15μm GaN process, while the other contains two 10 × 100μm power-combined devices. The MMICs exhibit 67% and 56% power added efficiency at V DD = 20V in deep class-AB bias, respectively. In rectifier mode, biased in class-C, the same MMICs show a RF-to-DC efficiency of 64%. The output powers of the two MMIC PAs are around 3.2W. In rectifier mode, the gate DC bias and the load-pull determined RF gate impedance are set for optimal efficiency. The DC load does not affect the efficiency substantially, and can be chosen for a desired voltage or current. The paper demonstrates that high-power efficient GaN rectifiers can be achieved by designing high-efficiency PAs at least up to X-band.
A century for progress in the diagnosis of Wilson disease

The diagnosis of Wilson disease has evolved from the original description of a neurological syndrome by Wilson and other contemporaries at the turn of the 20th century to where we recognize that there is a spectrum of clinical liver and neuropsychiatric disease diagnosed by a combination of clinical and biochemical tests and more recently by molecular genetic analysis. The history of the evolution of the findings that help us establish a diagnosis of Wilson disease are presented in the following brief summary of a century of progress toward this end.
Influence of age on norepinephrine content in arteries and veins of fischer 344 rats

The norepinephrine content of blood vessels in male Fischer 344 rats aged 6, 12, 20 and 27 months was measured by electrochemical detection after alumina extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography separation. With the exception of the superior mesenteric artery which showed no age-related changes in norepinephrine content and the caudal artery which showed an increase from 12 to 27 months of age, all other arteries examined (renal, femoral, saphenous, superficial epigastric, and popliteal) showed a significant decline in norepinephrine content with advancing age. In contrast, the content of norepinephrine in the renal, femoral, saphenous and superior mesenteric veins remained constant at all ages. Since norepinephrine in the blood vessel wall is predominantly localized to sympathetic nerve endings, the decline in norepinephrine content in most arteries of old rats may reflect a selective decrease in the density of sympathetic neurons or alternatively an age-related alteration in the metabolic properties of these sympathetic nerve endings.
An electron microscopic study of two nematocytes in the tentacle ofCyanea capillata

Two types of nematocytes were commonly found in the fishing tentacle ofCyanea capillata. One cell contained an unencysted thread coiled about its expanded proximal butt. This thread had barbs on its surface and was enclosed within a multilayered capsule. A nematocyst enclosing a thread with an expanded terminal bulb was also present. The coils of these threads were free in the cytoplasm. No barbs were present on these structures.
Experimental investigation of the lunar seismic signals

This study presents the experimental investigation of the propagation of ultrasonic signals with distance along the surfaces of steel spheres. The results give a good indication of the frequencies and the phase velocities contained in the observed signals. An improved laboratory signal as compared to an earlier experiment gives a better comparison with the lunar seismic signal. Also the effect of a dent on the surface of a steel sphere has been studied. The results obtained due to the presence of the dent may give an indication to the effect the craters on the surface of the moon will have on a propagating seismic signal. The presence of the dent definitely reduces the amplitude of the signal propagating across it. The craters may reduce rather than enhance the recorded signal. The recorded signals are constituted of frequencies of 100–500 kHz and the phase velocity varies from 1.0 km/sec to 3.0 kms/sec.
Timing of aldicarb applications to control Meloidogyne arenaria in peanut.

Abstract Four fieldtrialswere conductedin northwest Florida to determine the efficacyofaldicarb appliedat varyingtime intervals after planting on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to manage the peanut root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria. Initial treatments with aldicarb (Temik 15G), fenamiphos (Nemacur 15G), and phorate (Thimet 15G) were made at planting of peanut cv. Southern Runner. The chemicals were applied as 20-cm-wide bands over the open seed furrow using a tractor-mounted Gandy applicator. Post-plant treatments were made with a Gandy applicator at time intervals from 28 to 104 dafter planting as 36-cm-wide bands over the row centers. Post-harvest M. arenaria population densities were affected little by any chemical treatment compared to the control. The efficacy of the chemical treatments was variable and averaged onlya 295-kglha yield increase for the single at-plant applications of aldicarb compared to the control. Allat-plant + post-plant aldicarb treatments increased yield over the control by an ...
Sustaining Performance Under Stress: Overview of This Issue

Full-spectrum warfare places a heavy cognitive burden on the soldier that may exceed normal adaptive stress response mechanisms. It is crucial to understand the effects of battlefield stressors on ...
The electronic, elastic, and structural properties of Ti–Pd intermetallics and associated hydrides from first principles calculations

Using an ab initio density functional approach, we report on the ground-state phase stabilities, enthalpies of formation, electronic, and elastic properties of the Ti-Pd alloy system. The calculated enthalpies of formation are in excellent agreement with available calorimetric data. We found a linear dependence between the calculated enthalpies of formation of several intermetallic structures and the Pd-concentration, indicating that each of these compounds has a very limited composition range. The elastic constants for many of these Ti-Pd intermetallics were calculated and analyzed. The B2 TiPd phase is found to be mechanically unstable with respect to the transformation into the monoclinic B19' structure. A series of hydrides, Ti(2)PdH(x) (x = 1,1.5, 2, 3, 4), have been investigated in terms of electronic structure, enthalpies of hydrogen absorption, and site preference of H atoms. Our results illustrate the physical mechanism for hydrogen absorption in term of the charge transfer, and explain why TiPd(2) does not form a stable hydride. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Flow stabilization by subsurface phonons.

The interaction between a fluid and a solid surface in relative motion represents a dynamical process that is central to the problem of laminar-to-turbulent transition (and consequent drag increase) for air, sea and land vehicles, as well as long-range pipelines. This problem may in principle be alleviated via a control stimulus designed to impede the generation and growth of instabilities inherent in the flow. Here, we show that phonon motion underneath a surface may be tuned to passively generate a spatio-temporal elastic deformation profile at the surface that counters these instabilities. We theoretically demonstrate this phenomenon and the underlying mechanism of frequency-dependent destructive interference of the unstable flow waves. The converse process of flow destabilization is illustrated as well. This approach provides a condensed-matter physics treatment to fluid–structure interaction and a new paradigm for flow control.
Short-term male reproductive toxicity study with sulfasalazine in the rat.

Abstract Sulfasalazine (2-hydroxy-5-[[4-[(2-pyridinylamino) sulfonyl]phenyl]azo]benzoic acid; SASP) was administered to rats in a short-term male reproductive toxicity study to further examine the utility of this grouping of techniques and to generate reference data with a substance that is known to cause reversible infertility in men. Adult male CD rats (10/group) were orally administered 0, 150, 300, or 600 mg SASP/kg body weight in divided doses for 14 d followed by a 2-week period without treatment. Males were killed on test day (TD) 15 or 29. At each time point, the reproductive system was evaluated by comparing testicular and epididymal weights, DNA ploidy distributions of testicular cell suspensions, testicular and epididymal histopathology, and epididymal sperm concentrations, motion, morphology, and breakage. Adding time as a factor in the protocol aids in distinguishing testicular from posttesticular effects. Changes in sperm quality after 2 weeks of test article administration (TD 15) predominantly reflect effects that occurred after the sperm entered the epididymis, while testicular effects predominated on TD 29. Beginning on TD 14, males to be killed on TD 29 were cohabited with untreated females (1:2). Females were killed at midgestation and examined for pregnancy status. Body weight gain was depressed in all SASP groups during the first 3 d of test article administration. Food consumption was depressed at the 300- and 600-mg/kg dose levels. No changes were seen in testicular weight, but epididymal weight was depressed at the 600-mg/kg dose level. DNA ploidy distributions determined by flow cytometry did not indicate that the kinetics of spermatogenesis were disturbed. However, alterations in sperm release, which have not previously been reported, were seen at all SASP dose levels. On TD 29, the percentage of progressively motile sperm was depressed and beat/cross frequency was increased at the 600-mg/kg dose level. No changes were observed in sperm morphology or breakage. Fertility was slightly depressed at the 600-mg/kg dose level. In this study, testicular histopathology provided the most sensitive endpoint for reproductive toxicity. The impairment of fertility immediately after treatment was stopped, when no changes were apparent in sperm release or sperm motion, suggested that decreased sperm concentrations and altered motility, while contributory, may not be the primary causes of SASP-mediated infertility.
Expérience d’une technique modifiée de pontage composite séquentiel pour ischémie critique de membre inférieur

Objectif Le pontage composite sequentiel femoro-popliteo-distal est une option valable pour le traitement de l’ischemie critique des membres inferieurs lorsque la disponibilite de la veine autologue est limitee et lorsqu’un segment arteriel isole popliteo-distal existe. Nous rapportons une technique modifiee de pontage sequentiel composite et le resultat de son utilisation sur une periode de 14 ans. Methodes Vingt-cinq procedures de pontages sequentiels composites modifies ont ete effectuees chez 24 patients pour traiter une gangrene, des ulceres ischemiques et des douleurs severes de repos. Des greffons veineux ont ete anastomoses entre un segment d’artere poplitee ou d’artere distale suspendu au-dessus du genou (7) ou sous le genou (18) et une artere distale de jambe incluant l’artere poplitee sous-articulaire (1), l’artere tibiale posterieure (5), l’artere tibiale anterieure (7) ou l’artere peroniere (12). Des pontages en Polytetrafluoroethylene ont ensuite ete intercales entre une artere donneuse satisfaisante et le segment proximal du greffon veineux. Resultats Les taux de permeabilite primaire cumules ont ete de 80% a trois ans et de 65% a 5 ans. Le taux de sauvetage de membre a ete de 85% a quatre ans. L’occlusion du segment prothetique avec un segment distal veineux restant permeable a ete authentifiee chez deux patients presentant une recidive moins severe d’ischemie. Le sauvetage de membre chez ces patients a ete obtenu en effectuant un nouveau pontage prothetique revascularisant le greffon veineux permeable. Conclusion Notre configuration modifiee d’anastomose entre la prothese et la veine pour la realisation d’un pontage sequentiel composite represente une alternative a la procedure conventionnelle et pourrait aider a preserver la permeabilite du greffon veineux en cas de thrombose de la prothese de polytetrafluoroethylene.