cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Therapists’ Clinical Experience and Personal Boundaries on Termination of Psychotherapy

The present study was designed to investigate empirically responses of therapists to the process of terminating dyadic psychotherapy and to examine some personality correlates of these responses. A questionnaire was constructed to tap both managerial and affective responses to termination; this inventory, along with a measure of personal boundary management, was completed by 71 therapists-in-training and 34 experienced clinicians. Findings, supporting hypothesized interactions, indicated that characteristic ways of regulating personal boundaries significantly affected responses to termination only for the group of student therapists. More specifically, the data revealed that personal needs for intimacy and social isolation influenced the ways in which these therapists-in-training handled psychotherapy endings. Implications for psychotherapy supervision, in terms of the sociopsychological concept of role, were discussed.
15 How School and Education Impact the Development of Criminal and Antisocial Behavior

Much of the recent research on developmental perspectives has not thoroughly analyzed the significant impact of schools and education on criminal and antisocial behavior. While there have been many examinations of how antisocial behavior and delinquency are related to schooling and somewhat fewer that have assessed the influence of education itself, there is very little research examining the role of schools and education from a developmental perspective. This chapter will review the role of different school- and education-related factors for explaining delinquency and other problematic behaviors, such as disorderly conduct in school, academic achievement problems, after-school deviance, and poor school climate from a developmental angle. Specific policy and research recommendations are also made.
Portfolios für die Beschaffung

Die industrielle Beschaffung hat als Untersuchungsgegenstand der Betriebswirtschaftslehre auch im strategischen Bereich deutlich an Bedeutung gewonnen (vgl. Homburg 1995, S. 814). Ein Grund dafur ist die zunehmende Konzentration von Unternehmen auf Kernkompetenzen, d. h. auf solche Leistungen, „die fur die Kunden einen hohen Wert besitzen und in denen sie gegenuber den Wettbewerbern eine relativ hohe Kompetenzstarke besitzt“ (Hinterhuber/Stuhec 1997, S. 10). Damit einher geht eine Verringerung der Fertigungstiefe und eine Zunahme der Beschaffungsvolumina, wobei fur produzierende Unternehmen in den USA von einer Verdoppelung des Einkaufsvolumens in den letzten 30 Jahren auf ca. 60 % des Umsatzes die Rede ist (vgl. Cammish/Keough 1991, S. 23). Hierbei dominieren als sogenannte Sourcingobjekte (= Versorgungsgegenstande) primar produktbezogene Fertigungsleistungen im Sinne von Teilen, Baugruppen und Systemen (vgl. auch Kaufmann 1995, S. 276).
Der Aufstieg des Staatensystems

Der moderne Staat ist ein souveraner Staat. Souveranitat ist ein Konzept, das im modernen Welt-System erfunden wurde. Auf den ersten Blick bedeutet Souveranitat vollkommen autonome staatliche Macht.
Mean-field computational approach to HIV dynamics on a fitness landscape

During acute infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the intra-host viral population accumulates mutations due to selection by host T cell responses. The timescales at which HIV mutations emerge vary widely, correlating with their diversity in the global population of hosts, and with the relative strengths at which different regions of the HIV sequence are targeted by the host. In recent years, "fitness landscapes" of HIV proteins have been estimated from this global diversity, capturing residue-specific fitness costs and epistatic interactions between residues, and have been shown to predict the locations and relative timescales of escape mutations arising in hosts with known T cell responses. However, existing computational approaches to HIV dynamics that make use of realistic fitness landscapes are limited to fixed-population-size stochastic simulations, and extending other dynamical approaches to capture full sequence-level detail is computationally nontrivial. In this paper, we introduce and study an alternative approach for simulating HIV dynamics given a fitness landscape, which we designate the evolutionary mean-field (EMF) method. EMF is the high-recombination-rate limit of a model of HIV replication and mutation, which we justify using methods from statistical physics. EMF outputs a set of time-dependent "effective fitnesses" that crucially depend on epistatic interactions and the sequence background, as well as predictions of the frequencies of mutation at each HIV residue over time. As a proof of principle, we apply this method to the dynamics of the p24 gag protein infecting a host whose T cell responses are known. Specifically, we show how fitness costs and epistatic interactions in the fitness landscape, the relative strengths of T cell responses, and the HIV sequence background, impact the locations and time course of HIV escape mutations, consistent with previous work. We also describe features of longer-term dynamics, specifically reversions, in terms of the effective fitnesses yielded by EMF, and quantify the mean fitness and entropy of the intra-host population over time. Finally, we develop a stochastic population dynamics version of EMF, extending prior stochastic approaches to a time-varying population size that crucially depends on the fitness of strains existing in the intra-host population at each time. The EMF approach offers a framework for understanding features of HIV dynamics in terms of effective fitnesses, and allows for a more detailed study of how the fitness landscape and sequence background impact both the evolutionary and population dynamics of HIV, in a computationally tractable way.
Biochemical and Functional Analysis of Cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp. LPS on Human Monocytes.

Cyanobacterial blooms are an increasing source of environmental toxins that affect both human and animals. After ingestion of cyanobacteria, such as Geitlerinema sp., toxins and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from this organism induce fever, gastro-intestinal illness, and even death. However, little is known regarding the effects of cyanobacterial LPS on human monocytes after exposure to LPS upon ingestion. Based on our previous data using Geitlerinema sp. LPS (which was previously named Oscillatoria sp., a genus belonging to the same order as Geitlerinema), we hypothesized that Geitlerinema sp. LPS would activate human monocytes to proliferate, phagocytose particles, and produce cytokines that are critical for promoting pro-inflammatory responses in the gut. Our data demonstrate that Geitlerinema sp. LPS induced monocyte proliferation and TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 production at high concentrations. In contrast, Geitlerinema sp. LPS is equally capable of inducing monocyte-mediated phagocytosis of FITC-Latex beads when compared to E. coli LPS, which was used as a positive control for our experiments. In order to understand the mechanism responsible for the difference in efficacy between Geitlerinema sp. LPS and E. coli LPS, we performed biochemical analysis and identified that Geitlerinema sp. LPS was comprised of significantly different sugars and fatty-acid side chains in comparison to E. coli LPS. The lipid A portion of Geitlerinema sp. LPS contained longer fatty acid side chains, such as C15:0, C16:0, and C18:0, instead of C12:0 found in E. coli LPS which may explain the decreased efficacy and toxicity of Geitlerinema sp. LPS in comparison to E. coli LPS.
Evaluation of a mindfulness-based mobile application with college students: A pilot study.

Objective: This pilot study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of The Mindfulness App with college students and the utility of daily text-message reminders for increasing adherence.Particip...
Perioperative antithrombotic management of patients who receive direct oral anticoagulants during gastroenterological surgery.

Aim We investigated the effect of perioperative management of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) on bleeding and thromboembolic complications during gastroenterological (GE) surgery. Methods A total of 334 patients receiving anticoagulants and undergoing elective GE surgery between 2012 and 2018 were enrolled. The patients were divided into three groups: patients receiving warfarin (WF, n = 231), patients receiving DOACs with heparin bridging (DOAC-HB, n = 34), and patients receiving DOAC without heparin bridging (DOAC-NHB, n = 69). Outcome variables were compared between the groups and the risk factors of postoperative bleeding were assessed using logistic multivariate analysis. Results No significant differences were observed in background characteristics between the groups. There were similarities between the groups in surgical blood loss (P = .772) and rate of intraoperative transfusion (P = .952). Thromboembolic complications only occurred in two patients in the WF group (0.9%), and no thromboembolism occurred in the DOAC groups. The incidence of major postoperative bleeding was significantly higher in DOAC-HB group than in the other groups (14.7% vs 4.8% vs 1.4%, P = .011). Multivariate analysis showed DOAC with heparin bridging to be the most significant risk factor of major postoperative bleeding (odds ratio = 11.60, P = .028). Conclusions Elective GE surgery can be safely performed in patients receiving DOACs without heparin bridging. Perioperative heparin bridging during DOAC interruption is not recommended even for patients undergoing major GE surgery due to increased postoperative bleeding.
Lysogenic host–virus interactions in SAR11 marine bacteria

Host-virus interactions structure microbial communities, drive biogeochemical cycles and enhance genetic diversity in nature1,2. Hypotheses proposed to explain the range of interactions that mediate these processes often invoke lysogeny3-6, a latent infection strategy used by temperate bacterial viruses to replicate in host cells until an induction event triggers the production and lytic release of free viruses. Most cultured bacteria harbour temperate viruses in their genomes (prophage)7. The absence of prophages in cultures of the dominant lineages of marine bacteria has contributed to an ongoing debate over the ecological significance of lysogeny and other viral life strategies in nature6,8-15. Here, we report the discovery of prophages in cultured SAR11, the ocean's most abundant clade of heterotrophic bacteria16,17. We show the concurrent production of cells and viruses, with enhanced virus production under carbon-limiting growth conditions. Evidence that related prophages are broadly distributed in the oceans suggests that similar interactions have contributed to the evolutionary success of SAR11 in nutrient-limited systems.
The effect analysis of marvelon on dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescent patients

Objective To explore the clinical effect and safety evaluation of marvelon on dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescent patients.Methods 120 adolescent patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding were randomly divided into control group and experience group with 60 patients in each group.Control group was given oral administration of premarin and experience group received marvelon oral treatment.Clinical effect,the time of control bleeding and completely stop bleeding and incidence of adverse reaction were compared between two groups.Results The total effective rate in experience group was much higher than that in control group (100.0％ vs 90.0％,x2 =6.316,P ＜ 0.01 ) ;The time of control bleeding and completely stop bleeding in experience group were much lower than that in control group( t =6.638,8.542,all P ＜ 0.01 );The incidence of adverse reaction in experience group and control group were 11.7％ and 65.0％ respectively with significant difference( x2 =36.099,all P ＜0.01 ).Conclusion Marvelon on dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescent patients is beneficial to rapid and effective hemostasis with less adverse reaction rate and better tolerance. Key words: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding; Marvelon; Adolescent
Assaying RNA solvent accessibility in living cells with LASER.

Abstract RNA molecules perform a wide variety of functions to control many cellular pathways. Critical to these roles is the ability of an RNA to fold into complex three-dimensional structures. As part of this folding, unique elements of RNA structure become more exposed or hidden to solvent and these properties are important to understand an RNAs final fold. Characterizing solvent accessibility can enable researchers to better understand the overall fold of an RNA and how it interacts with trans acting factors, such as proteins. Herein we describe the methods toward using light activated structural evaluation of RNA, or LASER, which measures purine nucleobase solvent accessibility. To date, LASER has been used inside and outside of cells to measure RNA solvent accessibility and RNA interactions with proteins.
A review of dropwise condensation: Theory, modeling, experiments, and applications

Abstract Dropwise condensation (DWC) is a heterogeneous phase-change process where vapor changes to liquid in the form of discrete drops on an unwetted surface. The heat transfer coefficients associated with DWC are significantly higher than those of filmwise condensation (FWC) αDWC ≫ αFWC. Therefore, there is considerable interest in DWC, which could have prospects for a variety of industrial applications such as thermal power and process plants, space-conditioning and refrigeration, electronics cooling, and others. However, there have been discrepancies between the results from different researchers in this field. It was only in the late 1960s that dropwise condensation mechanism and theory started becoming formalized. This paper presents focuses on the literature on the theory, underlying mechanisms, experiments and applications of dropwise condensation. Insights gained from this review and assessment are also used to identify the need for accurate heat transfer measurements and improved modeling of DWC.
Clinical presentation and outcomes of hospitalized adults with COVID-19: A systematic review.

AIMS: The aims of this review were to: (a) determine the clinical presentation; and (b) outcomes of adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to provide practicing nurses with a cogent and concise clinical impression of COVID-19 patients. DESIGN: We conducted a systematic review of early published, peer-reviewed, original research where researchers presented data from adult hospitalized COVID-19 patients regarding their presenting signs, symptoms, and definitive survival outcomes. DATA SOURCES: We searched the databases PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus for relevant articles published between 1 January 2020 -18 May 2020. REVIEW METHODS: We extracted data from each study and synthesized them across primary sources using a literature matrix table to provide a global impression of this rapidly growing body of literature. RESULTS: We retrieved 97 mainly descriptive observational studies. SARS-CoV-2 is efficiently transmitted between humans, particularly those in close contact. Symptomatic COVID-19 patients can present with a broad array of nonspecific symptoms. Fever and cough are the most commonly reported symptoms; some patients have atypical presentations. In patients with respiratory decompensation, disease progression can be rapid. Some patients experience mild symptoms that are self-limited; others experience organ failure and death. Risk factors for poor outcomes include older age, chronic medical conditions, male gender, obesity, and presenting with signs of declining respiratory status. CONCLUSION: Nurses can mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and sequelae of COVID-19 with prompt and capable responses. IMPACT: This study addresses the problem of the continued spread of SARS-CoV-2 while little is known about this virus. This review provides nurses with a summary of the most current evidence regarding the signs, symptoms, and outcomes of adult hospitalized COVID-19 patients that they might identify COVID-19 patients rapidly on presentation to medical care and be attuned to indicators of patient decompensation.
Untreated head and neck cancer: Natural history and associated factors

Background This study aims to provide modern estimates of survival for untreated head and neck cancer (HNC) and to identify patient- and tumor-specific factors associated with not receiving definitive treatment. Methods Adults with mucosal HNC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Median overall survival of untreated patients was calculated and stratified by site and stage. Cause-specific survival and factors associated with no treatment were investigated with advanced statistics. Results The study cohort included 6477 patients who received no treatment. Overall, untreated patients had a median survival of 12 months, with significant variability by site and stage. Multivariable analysis identified advanced age, black race, unmarried status, and lack of private insurance as associated with no treatment. Conclusions Survival of HNC without treatment is dismal, yet substantial variation exists by tumor site and stage. Higher rates of no treatment among the poor and racial minorities are potentially driven by disparities in care availability and provision.
Reconstructing Detailed Browsing Activities from Browser History.

Users' detailed browsing activity - such as what sites they are spending time on and for how long, and what tabs they have open and which one is focused at any given time - is useful for a number of research and practical applications. Gathering such data, however, requires that users install and use a monitoring tool over long periods of time. In contrast, browser extensions can gain instantaneous access months of browser history data. However, the browser history is incomplete: it records only navigation events, missing important information such as time spent or tab focused. In this work, we aim to reconstruct time spent on sites with only users' browsing histories. We gathered three months of browsing history and two weeks of ground-truth detailed browsing activity from 185 participants. We developed a machine learning algorithm that predicts whether the browser window is focused and active at one second-level granularity with an F1-score of 0.84. During periods when the browser is active, the algorithm can predict which the domain the user was looking at with 76.2% accuracy. We can use these results to reconstruct the total time spent online for each user with an R^2 value of 0.96, and the total time each user spent on each domain with an R^2 value of 0.92.
Reduced Fluoroscopy Time With Physician-Controlled Fluoroscopy During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Community Hospital Experience.

Background and objective Fluoroscopy during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is associated with radiation exposure and related health risks. Either the physician or the radiology technologist can activate fluoroscopy during ERCP. The aim of this study was to determine if physician-controlled fluoroscopy is associated with decreased fluoroscopy time, which may correspond to less radiation exposure to patients and staff. Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective study; data were collected on ERCP performed using physician-controlled and technologist-controlled fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopy time, procedure complexity level, and Stanford Fluoroscopy Score were compared between the two groups. Results The median fluoroscopy time significantly differed between the two groups with 108 seconds for physician-controlled and 146 seconds for technologist-controlled procedures (p=0.004). The ratio of median fluoroscopy time to procedure complexity level was significantly lower in the physician-controlled group at 73.0 seconds compared to 97.0 seconds in the technologist-controlled group (p=0.002). The ratio of median fluoroscopy time to Stanford Fluoroscopy Score was 25.5 seconds in the physician-controlled group compared to 39.3 seconds in the technologist-controlled group, which was also statistically significant (p<0.001). A subgroup analysis of physicians with advanced training in ERCP also showed a significantly reduced median fluoroscopy time to Stanford Fluoroscopy Complexity Score ratio: 25.5 seconds for physician-controlled versus 35.0 seconds for technologist-controlled (p=0.001). Conclusion The ERCP technique with physician-controlled fluoroscopy may be associated with shorter fluoroscopy time. This may correspond to decreased radiation exposure to patients compared to radiology technologist-controlled fluoroscopy. Further investigations with larger, prospective studies are warranted.
The Better Book Approach for Education Research and Development

Background/ContextDespite advances in the learning sciences, a persistent gap remains between research and practice.Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of StudyIn this project, we develop and...
Chronicle of Morea

The Chronicle of Morea is a history of the Frankish Peloponnese, focusing on the Principality of Morea in the thirteenth century. It survives in a Greek verse version and French, Italian, and Aragonese prose versions. The diverse versions of the history reflect the cultural mixture of the society in which the text was composed. The Greek and Italian manuscripts end in 1292. The French version ends in 1333 and the Aragonese version runs from 1200– 1377. In most of the extant manuscripts, the Chronicle opens with a prologue describing the beginnings of the Crusades, including the events of the Fourth Crusade and the sack of Constantinople. It then describes the Crusaders’ conquest of the Peloponnese and the formation of the principality of Morea. Thereafter follows an account of its government under Geoffrey I de Villehardouin (1209/ 10– 1229) and his successors, up to the reign of Isabelle de Villehardouin. One manuscript also covers the war of succession that followed Isabelle's death. The Chronicle includes a great deal of information regarding court proceedings, council deliberations, and diplomacy, alongside political and military developments in the principality of Morea. Due to its numerous documented factual errors, the Chronicle has been criticized as an unreliable historical source. Teresa Shawcross believes that it nonetheless provides important clues about how history was imagined and reconstructed by contemporaries. Shawcross argues that the chronicle was most likely begun in the mid- 1320s and subsequently enlarged and modified over the following two decades. She sees the text as written during a period of crisis in the principality and representing an attempt to conjure up a mythical past in which Greeks and Latins lived in harmony and forged a new collective identity. Harold Lurier, however, prefers a slightly earlier date of composition – somewhere between 1304 and 1314. The text has a high level of detail, and seems not to rely on other sources. This suggests that the author or authors lived in the region it describes and witnessed many of the events in question firsthand.
Neurological Presentations of COVID-19

Abstract The plethora of neurological manifestations encountered in severe COVID-19 has been observed since the early days of the pandemic. The understanding that this is a novel condition, the magnitude of symptoms and signs of which is still being unraveled, cannot be overemphasized. This chapter offers a prelude to the rest of the book in which each category of neurological disorders will be discussed individually.
The transcriptional coactivator Taz regulates proximodistal patterning of the pronephric tubule in zebrafish

The zebrafish pronephric tubule consists of proximal and distal segments and a collecting duct. The proximal segment is subdivided into the neck, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and proximal straight tubule (PST) segments. The distal segment consists of the distal-early (DE) and distal-late (DL) segments. How the proximal and distal segments develop along the anteroposterior axis is poorly understood. Here we show that knockdown of taz in zebrafish caused shortening and a significant reduction in the number of principal cells of the PST-DE segment, and proximalization of the pronephric tubule in 24 hpf embryos. RA treatment expanded the pronephric proximal domain in normal embryos as in taz morphants, an effect that was further enhanced upon exposure of taz morphants to RA. The early pronephric defects in 24 hpf taz morphants led to the failure of anterior pronephric tubule migration and convolution, and to PCT dilation and cyst formation in older embryos. In situ hybridization showed weak and transient expression of taz at the bud stage in the intermediate mesoderm, the source of pronephric progenitors. The present findings show that Taz is required in the anteroposterior patterning of the pronephric progenitor domain in the intermediate mesoderm, acting in part by regulating RA signaling in the pronephric progenitor field in the intermediate mesoderm.
Fear of the Future in the Modern World

The specific objectives of this article were to research what factors the intensity of fears, in particular, fears of catastrophes spread in post-communist countries; and what the impact of fear is on political, social, and economic life, in post-communist society. This article is based on the theoretical analysis of fear, as a social construction, influenced by the "hard facts" of society, i.e., the economic developments, the political and social processes, as well as the "soft facts" of society, i.e., ideological trends, the character of information available to ordinary people, and the acts of various political actors to use fear as a propaganda tool to obtain their desires. The article relies on sociological traditions which have been discovered in recent studies of the rational and irrational elements in the individual. These studies have also uncovered a trend in the relative role of fears on the degree of justification extrapolated from the subjects "objective reality," i.e., from well substantiated fears (for instance, the fear of catastrophes like Chernobyl), to fully absurd fears (for instance, fears based on various conspiracy theories).
Assessing heritage language learners

In the last few decades, research on how to best teach and assess heritage language (HL) learners has grown as enrollment of these students in language classes has increased. Recent work on the assessment of HL learners has been conducted in the context of higher education in the USA and has focused almost exclusively on placement testing. This chapter first reviews the various characterizations and characteristics of the heritage language population. The next section discusses approaches to placement testing of HL learners and reviews specific studies that have been conducted related to these different approaches. The approaches include the use of self-placements and demographic questionnaires, standardized foreign language exams, and locally developed placement tests. Finally, the chapter concludes by discussing challenges in the placement testing of HL learners and future directions for research. Keywords: Assessment methods; Heritage languages; Northern America
Delta-opioid receptor endocytosis in spinal cord after dermenkephalin activation

The delta(δ)-opioid receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptors and in vitro studies have shown that δ-opioid receptors undergo an internalization process in response to agonist stimulation. The immediate consequence is the disappearance of receptors from the plasma membrane. This adaptation process reveals the cell's capacity to desensitize after a strong agonist stimulus. This process, if it occurs in vivo, could contribute to the tolerance phenomenon observed after opiate treatment. To study the mechanisms underlying regulation of the δ-opioid receptors in vivo, the effects of an application of the drug dermenkephalin, a potent and selective agonist of the δ-opioid receptor, were analysed in the rat spinal cord. Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, we observed in control rats that membrane labelling was strictly localized at the interface between two neurites. Fifteen minutes after dermenkephalin stimulation, the plasma membrane labelling was associated with invaginated areas. Thirty minutes after stimulation, labelled vesicles were found in the cytoplasm confirming the internalization process. The present findings support the view that δ-opioid receptors are internalized in response to prolonged exposure to dermenkephalin in vivo and confirm the presynaptic localization of δ-opioid receptors in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord.
The utility of the surgical safety checklist for wound patients.

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of changes in patient care resulting from the use of a surgical safety checklist. Data were retrospectively obtained from 233 patients. The number and types of changes made to the patients' intra-operative management, based on the use of the checklist, were recorded. The number of patients whose management was modified as a result of the checklist was 113 (48%) out of 233. The total number of changes made was 132, and 18 patients had more than one modification made to their care plan. Further stratification was identified: among the 132 changes made, antibiotics were held or administered in 73 (55%), changes related to anaemia involving type and screen or transfusion occurred in 27 (20%), modifications made regarding anti-coagulation occurred in 8 (7%), beta-blockers were held in 2 (2%), an allergy was identified in 7 (5%), modifications made to the surgical procedure were 3 (2%) and a category labelled ‘other’ encompassed 9 (7%) changes. The surgical safety checklist is a standardised form of team communication that leads to modifications of the patient care plan in a large percentage of cases. The ever-increasing complexity of medicine means that patients are at greater risk of oversight and harm without the use of a checklist.
Population-specific models of glycemic control in intensive care: Towards a simulation-based methodology for protocol optimization

Stress-induced hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients, where elevated blood glucose and glycemic variability have been found to contribute to infection, slow wound healing, and short-term mortality. Early clinical studies demonstrated improvement in mortality and morbidity resulting from intensive insulin therapy targeting euglycemia. Follow-up clinical studies have shown mixed results suggesting that the risk of hypoglycemia may outweigh the benefits of aggressive glycemic control. None of the prior studies clarify whether euglycemic targets are in themselves harmful, or if the danger lies in the inadequacy of the available methods for achieving desired glycemic outcomes. In this paper, we use a recently developed simulation model of stress hyperglycemia to demonstrate that given an insulin protocol glycemic outcomes are specific to the patient population under consideration, and that there is a need to optimize insulin therapy at the population level. Next, we use the simulator to demonstrate that the performance of Adaptive Proportional Feedback (APF), a popular format for computerized insulin therapy, is sensitive to its parameters, especially to the parameters that govern the aggressiveness of adaptation. Finally, we propose a framework for simulation-based protocol optimization using an objective function that penalizes below-range deviations more heavily than comparable deviations above.
Kinship and the Inca imperial core: Multiscalar archaeological patterns in the Sacred Valley (Cuzco, Peru)

Abstract Archaeological interpretations of the capital region of ancient empires often rely on documentary sources and assume the existence of a highly integrated and institutionalized state polity. A multiscalar archaeological study of the imperial heartland of the Inca empire (c. 1400–1530s) reveals variable manifestations in Inca power from the period of local expansion until the European invasions of the 1530s. Large-scale patterning from numerous regional surveys identifies variations in pre-Inca and Inca settlement patterns and the distribution of Inca architecture and pottery. More intensive analyses from the Sacred Valley, a study region lying immediately to the north of the Inca capital, reveal additional patterns of interaction that contrast early Inca expansion practices with later generations of royal estate development. Excavations from domestic and public buildings at the large upland village of Pukara Pantillijlla indicate limited Inca efforts to incorporate local horticulturalists and herders within their existing villages. The variability of Inca power in the Sacred Valley and the kin-based nature of the institutional forces transforming valley-bottom farming areas draw attention to the prevalent role of Inca elite kinship practices for state formation and institutional development. These observations raise important questions about the role of kinship in other non-Western states and empires.
Sex Differences in the Rate, Timing, and Principal Diagnoses of 30-Day Readmissions in Younger Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background—Young women (<65 years) experience a 2- to 3-fold greater mortality risk than younger men after an acute myocardial infarction. However, it is unknown whether they are at higher risk for 30-day readmission, and if this association varies by age. We examined sex differences in the rate, timing, and principal diagnoses of 30-day readmissions, including the independent effect of sex following adjustment for confounders. Methods and Results—We included patients aged 18 to 64 years with a principal diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Data were used from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-State Inpatient Database for California (07–09). Readmission diagnoses were categorized by using an aggregated version of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ Condition Categories, and readmission timing was determined from the day after discharge. Of 42 518 younger patients with acute myocardial infarction (26.4% female), 4775 (11.2%) had at least 1 readmission. The 30-day all-cause readmi...
Can 35 pionic mass intervals among related resonances be accidental

By analogy with the situation that occurs in nuclear physics, we might expect to find the lowest-mass hadronic state—the pion—serving as a fundamental hadron building block. In line with this conjecture, we find by a direct examination of the elementary-particle data that 35 pionic mass intervals,π ⋍ 140 MeV, are observed among groups of related resonances. These pionic mass intervals, which occur in the narrow-width andS-state resonances, involve 50 elementary-particle states, or approximately 80% of the observed narrow-width states in the energy regions under examination. In particular, accurate pionic mass intervals are observed among the very-low-mass pseudoscalar mesons, the very-high-mass upsilon mesons, the intermediate-mass « charmonium » mesons, the « charmed » and uncharmed kaon states, the baryon and dibaryon excitations, and even the massive leptons. The accuracy and the universality of this result indicate, irrespective of theory, that the pion serves in some manner as a basic mass quantum in the generation (and the decay) of elementary-particle states, although this pionic excitation quantum does not follow the quantum number assignments that are ascribed to free pions.
Leaf-inspired artificial microvascular networks (LIAMN) for three-dimensional cell culture

Construction of vascular architecture capable of distributing oxygen and nutrients is critically important for 3D cell culture. Here, we demonstrate leaf-inspired artificial microvascular networks (LIAMN) that serve as an effective perfusion system for 3D cell culture in hydrogel constructs. Because cell-containing hydrogel constructs with desired thickness can be constructed using embedded LIAMN layers, our strategy paves a new avenue to engineering effective vascular transport system for 3D cell culture and the development of functional artificial organs.
System-of-Systems Cost Estimation: Analysis of Lead System Integrator Engineering Activities

As organizations strive to expand system capabilities through the development of system-of systems SoS architectures, they want to know "how much effort" and "how long" to implement the SoS. In order to answer these questions, it is important to first understand the types of activities performed in SoS architecture development and integration and how these vary across different SoS implementations. This article provides results of research conducted to determine types of SoS lead system integrator LSI activities and how these differ from the more traditional system engineering activities described in Electronic Industries Alliance EIA 632 "Processes for Engineering a System". This research further analyzed effort and schedule issues on "very large" SoS programs to more clearly identify and profile the types of activities performed by the typical LSI and to determine organizational characteristics that significantly impact overall success and productivity of the LSI effort. The results of this effort have been captured in a reduced-parameter version of the constructive SoS integration cost model COSOSIMO that estimates LSI SoS engineering SoSE effort.
On equivalent knapsack problems

Abstract The objective function and constraint of the knapsack problem are aggregated and an equivalent knapsack problem is formed. The equivalent problem is solved in a new algorithm as a dynamic programming recursion. This new formulation then leads to a solution of the knapsack problem by the corner polyhedron and group knapsack approaches. The result is a second algorithm that differs from current algorithms and may have certain computational advantages over them.
The cytoplasmic tail of the G-protein-coupled receptor for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein contains positive and negative signals for endocytosis.

The present studies were done to evaluate the role of the cytoplasmic tail of the G-protein-coupled receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) in the endocytosis of agonist-occupied receptors. PTH/PTHrP receptor mutants progressively truncated from the C terminus were expressed in COS-7 cells, and their ability to internalize 125I-PTHrP(1-34)amide was determined. Most of the C-terminal tail (91 of 127 residues) could be deleted without affecting internalization. However, further truncation removing residues 475-494 resulted in a 50-60% decrease in ligand internalization. A mutant with an internal deletion of these 20 amino acids showed a similar reduction in internalization, confirming the presence of a positive endocytic signal. No additional positive signals were found in the membrane-proximal region of the tail. However, alanine mutagenesis of the membrane-proximal residues 459-461 (EVQ ⟶ AAA) resulted in a mutant PTH/PTHrP receptor displaying a 40% increase in ligand endocytosis, indicating that EVQ functions as a negative signal. Treatment of COS-7 cells with hypertonic sucrose (to disrupt clathrin lattices) markedly suppressed (by >80%) PTH/PTHrP receptor internalization. These results demonstrate the presence of both positive and negative endocytic signals in the membrane-proximal cytoplasmic tail of the PTH/PTHrP receptor and suggest that these signals regulate the ability of the receptor to accumulate in clathrin-coated pits.
Ge based high performance nanoscale MOSFETs

It is believed that below the 65-nm node the conventional bulk CMOS can be scaled, however, without appreciable performance gains. To continue the scaling of Si CMOS in the sub-65nm regime, innovative device structures and new materials have to be created in order to continue the historic progress in information processing and transmission. Examples of novel device structures being investigated are double gate or surround gate MOS and examples of novel materials are high mobility channel materials like strained Si and Ge, high-k gate dielectrics and metal gate electrodes. Heterogeneous integration of these materials on Si with novel device structures may take us to sub-20 nm regime, but will require new fabrication technology solutions that are generally compatible with current and forecasted installed Si manufacturing.
Dynamics of Polar Solvation in Lecithin/Water/Cyclohexane Reverse Micelles

The solvation dynamics of water in lecithin/cyclohexane reverse micelles have been determined via ultrafast time-resolved fluorescence studies. At hydration levels w0 ≤ 4.8, the reverse micellar samples are nonviscous. Here a single relaxation time is observed that is much longer than the response of free or bulk water. In contrast, small additions of water to the samples produces a viscous gel, referred to by others as an organogel or “living polymer”. At hydration levels of w0 ≥ 5.8, three relaxation times are observed with approximate time constants of 0.5, 15, and 200 ps, the shortest of which correlates to free water motion. The dynamics reveal no evidence of micelle crossover or branch points associated with gel formation. In comparison to Aerosol OT reverse micelles of similar hydration, the water in the lecithin reverse micelles is significantly more restricted. It is proposed that lecithin sequesters significantly more water than previously predicted precluding formation of distinct core water po...
Evaluation of Soft Red Winter Wheat Forage Yield, Nutritive Value and Tetany Hazard as Influenced by Sampling Date and Nitrogen Fertilization

Abstract Bailey, C.R., Daniels, L.B., Coblentz, W.K., Kegley, E.B., McBeth, L.J., Turner, J.E., Wistuba, T.J. and Rosenkrans Jr., C.F. 2007. Evaluation of soft red winter wheat forage yield, nutritive value and tetany hazard as influenced by sampling date and nitrogen fertilization. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 32: 1–6. A study was conducted from December through March using a completely randomized design to evaluate yield, nutritive value and tetany hazard of soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) forage as influenced by nitrogen (N) fertilization rate and date of sampling. Dry matter (DM) yield, forage DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), in vitro, dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), organic matter (OM), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) were evaluated. Nitrogen fertilization had no effect (P>0.05) on forage yield, OM, ADF, NDF, IVDMD, Ca or Mg. Forage DM (P<0.01) decreased while CP (P<0.01) andK(P<0.05) increased linearly with increasing levels of ...
Frank Hinman, Sr: a first generation urologist.

ion in his problem. On the next Wednesday morning, I was there bright and early, and I got his animal all cleaned up and shaved and strapped to the table, and I had all of his instruments sterile and out. The Japanese diener arrived shortly afterward and got ready to give the dog an anesthetic. When Hinman arrived everything was perfect . . . and he just had to scrub and get to
Long-term induction of c-jun mRNA and jun protein in rabbit retinal ganglion cells following axotomy or colchicine treatment

The expression of the c-jun, c-fos, and NGFI-A genes was studied in the rabbit retina after optic nerve crush (ONC) or an intravitreal injection of colchicine. By Northern blotting, the basal expression of c-fos and NGFI-A mRNAs were undetectable, whereas c-jun mRNA showed a low basal expression in sham-operated control retinas. Very few or no Jun- or Fos-immunoreactive nuclei were seen in control retinas. From 1 to 95 days after ONC a marked induction of JUN- but not FOS-immunoreactive neurons was seen in the ganglion cell layer peaking at 3 and 7 days. Jun-positive neurons also accumulated immunoreactive phosphorylated neurofilaments, indicating that they were ganglion cells. Northern blots demonstrated that retinal levels of c-jun mRNA, but not of c-fos or NGFI-A mRNAs, were increased 3 and 7 days after ONC. An intravitreal injection of colchicine also induced Jun-immunoreactivity within 24 hr in most of the neurons in the ganglion cell layer, but not in the inner nuclear and outer nuclear layers. The results indicate that axonal damage induces a specific pattern of IEG expression including a long-term induction of the c-jun gene in CNS neurons.
An empirical comparison of model-based and explicit communication for dynamic human-computer task allocation

When both a human and a computer in a system are capable of performing the same tasks, task responsibilities may be allocated between them dynamically. This study compared two methods of human-computer communication for dynamic task allocation: explicit and model-based communication. With explicit communication the human directed the computer and the computer did not perform any actions on its own. With model-based communication the computer employed a model of the human which predicted the human's actions and the computer used this model to work on its own. Subjects performed a process monitoring task using both of these allocation methods. In addition, in half the trials subjects had knowledge of the computer's actions and in the other half they did not. The results indicated that overall system performance was always better under model-based communication, although human performance alone was better with explicit communication. In addition, overall system and human performance were higher when the human had knowledge of the computer's actions.
Precursors of endometrial and ovarian carcinoma

This review discusses precursor lesions of endometrial and ovarian carcinoma with an emphasis on the unique molecular alterations that have led to the development of binary classification schemes for tumors of both the endometrium and ovary. While such a system is well established for endometrial carcinoma, only recently has a binary classification scheme been proposed for ovarian carcinoma. For both, the morphologic and molecular genetic-defining characteristics of their respective precursor lesions are described in detail. Furthermore, similarities and differences of the precursor lesions of specific tumors of these two genital tract organs are also addressed with a brief discussion of the clinical implications of their diagnosis.
The aminoglycoside G418 suppresses muscarinic receptor-activated calcium release in stably transfected murine N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells

The aminoglycoside G418 inhibited the release of calcium (Ca2+) from internal stores coupled to muscarinic receptors in murine N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells carrying the aminoglycoside resistance gene neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT). No significant effect was observed on responses coupled to histamine or bradykinin receptors. Cells were transfected using the eukaryotic expression vector pH beta APr-1-neo and selected using G418. Two groups were differentiated either in the continued presence of G418 or in the absence of G418. Carbachol (1 mM), histamine (200 microM) and bradykinin (100 nM) were administered to cells for thirty seconds and changes in [Ca2+]i were measured with fluorescence video microscopy of single cells loaded with the Ca2+ indicator fura-2. The effects of G418 on carbachol evoked Ca2+ release included a 73% reduction in the number of cells responding, a two fold increase in the time to reach half-maximal response, a 35% reduction of the peak [Ca2+]i in response to agonist and an elevation of resting [Ca2+]i from 99 +/- 14 nM (mean +/- S.E.M.) to 155 +/- 27 nM. Acute application (20 min) of G418 to transfected cells differentiated without G418 also reduced the percentage of cells responding to carbachol. This effect was less pronounced in non-transfected parent cells. Thus, the mechanism might involve a metabolite of G418 produced in cells expressing NPT. These results indicate that G418 attenuates Ca2+ release coupled to muscarinic receptors.