cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Counseling Psychologists in Hospital/Medical Settings: Dilemmas Facing New Professionals

This article describes the professional and personal issues that are likely to be encountered by new counseling psychologists entering employment in hospital/medical settings. In general, the good news about working in hospital/medical settings is that it (a) provides a sense of satisfaction from assisting people who benefit greatly, but who would not ordinarily have sought psychological interventions; (b) allows a wide diversity of professional activities; (c) offers a relatively lucrative salary; and (d) represents an exciting new frontier for psychological exploration. The bad news is that it is easy to feel isolated, alienated, and unappreciated.
Relative Intra- and Inter-Stock Aggressiveness and Performance in the Domestic Fowl

Abstract NUMEROUS investigations have established that the peck order forms the basis of social organization in adult chickens. Sanctuary (1932) reported that hens in the upper half of the peck-order produce more eggs than do those composing the lower half of the social order. Intra-strain competition effects have also been reported by Masure and Allee (1934), Guhl (1953), Tindell and Craig (1959) and Tindell (1960). Evidence that breeds and strains of chickens differ in aggressiveness has been reported by Potter (1949), Holabird (1955), Hale (1956), Tindell and Craig (1959) and Tindell (1962). Conclusions concerning the degree of association of inter-strain aggressiveness and various performance traits are varied. In part, these differences in results may possibly be explained as being due to the diversity of techniques utilized in measuring aggressiveness. The present investigation was designed to: (1) determine if differences in relative aggressiveness are present among stocks; (2) to determine the relationship …
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Nitrite Anion Provides Potent Cytoprotective and Antiapoptotic Effects as Adjunctive Therapy to Reperfusion for Acute Myocardial Infarction”

) improve the efficacy of reperfusiontherapy in a large-animal model of myocardial infarction and (2) toaddress whether nitrite is the reactive nitrogen species that transportsendocrine NO bioactivity in blood, limiting ischemia-reperfusioninjury.The targeted concentration of plasma nitrite in this study was 10 mol, based on studies showing efficacy against ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice and rats. The dose of nitrite was calculatedon the basis of data from our experiments in many species.
Unreliable Information in Infantry Situation Awareness: Improvement Through Game-Based Training

Previous research indicates that information reliability may influence warfighters' situation awareness (SA). The purpose of the current study was to assess the impact of unreliable information on SA and performance in a computer-simulated, infantry-based search scenario. Thirty-six students navigated a simulated combat zone. The experiment followed a one-way repeated measures design, where participants were provided with information that was associated with a certain reliability level (100%, 75%, or 50%). This information could be used to complete a simulated mission and answer SA assessment questions. The content of the information was perfect in regard to accuracy, and the only aspect of the information that changed across conditions was the stated reliability. The results revealed that stated information reliability had no significant impact on any level of SA. However, more reliable information resulted in locating a hidden objective faster, increased success rate for finding the hidden objective within the time limit, and increased ability to avoid dangerous areas. These findings further highlight the importance of information reliability on the battlefield and the need for accuracy when selecting an associated reliability level.
Enhancing SCI's fairness protocol for increased throughput

The scalable coherent interface (SCI) is a newly established IEEE standard which provides bus-like services to a network of nodes connected by very fast, unidirectional links. SCI provides an efficient flow control protocol that fairly allocates bandwidth to all nodes on the network. When global fairness is not required, it is desirable to relax its enforcement, in exchange for increased network utilization. This paper presents an extension to SCI's fairness protocol that increases attainable throughput by enforcing fairness only among conflicting nodes. The authors present extensive simulation results and compare them to the standard SCI protocol and to the desired performance, which is derived in the paper. The comparisons show that, on average, the enhancements substantially increase the performance of the original protocol. >
RNAi screen identifies UBE2D3 as a mediator of all-trans retinoic acid-induced cell growth arrest in human acute promyelocytic NB4 cells

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been widely used in differentiation therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). ATRA binds to retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and triggers the formation of the transcription coactivator complex, which leads to changes in gene expression, APL cell-cycle arrest and differentiation, and clinical remission. The mechanisms responsible for ATRA's beneficial effects are still ill-defined. Here, we conducted a large-scale, unbiased short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen aiming to identify mediators of ATRA-induced differentiation and growth arrest of APL cells. Twenty-six proteins were identified. They cover a wide range of cellular functions, including gene expression, intracellular signaling, cell death control, stress responses, and metabolic regulation, indicating the complexity of ATRA-induced cell growth control and differentiation in APL. One of these proteins, the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D3, is up-regulated in ATRA-treated acute promyelocytic NB4 cells. UBE2D3 is physically associated with cyclin D1 and mediates ATRA-induced cyclin D1 degradation. Knocking down UBE2D3 by RNA interference (RNAi) leads to blockage of ATRA-induced cyclin D1 degradation and cell-cycle arrest. Thus, our results highlight the involvement of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway in ATRA-induced cell-cycle arrest and provide a novel strategy for modulating ATRA-elicited cellular effects.
Neither B cells nor T cells are required for CNS demyelination in mice persistently infected with MHV-A59

Murine hepatitis virus A59 infection of the central nervous system (CNS) results in CNS demyelination in susceptible strains of mice. In infected B-cell-deficient mice, demyelination not only occurred but was also more severe than in parental C57BL/6 animals. This increase may be due to the persistence of virus in the CNS in the absence of B cells. In mice lacking antibody receptors or complement pathway activity, virus did not persist yet demyelination was similar to parental mice. In infected RAG1−/− mice, moderately sized, typical demyelinating lesions were identified. Therefore, demyelination can occur in the absence of B and T cells.
Improved many-to-one sweeping.

This paper presents PMOST, the polymorphic many-to-one sweep tool. Through its polymorphic design it is able to project nodes quickly and with high quality through ‘modular’ node projection schemes. PMOST currently employs two different node projection schemes: Faceted and BoundaryError node projectors. Implementation details are presented for both of these methods. The proposed many-to-one sweep tool was compared to existing software with respect to speed and element quality. Performance testing using PMOST showed that the Faceted node projection scheme was the most efficient while the BoundaryError method produced less element distortion while approximating the efficiency of the Faceted scheme. We also demonstrate improved performance with respect to both element quality and algorithm efficiency when compared to other existing node projection methods. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MOTIF-EM

We present a new, first-of-its-kind, fully automated computational tool MOTIF-EM for identifying regions or domains or motifs in cryoEM maps of large macromolecular assemblies (such as chaperonins, viruses, etc.) that remain conformationally conserved. As a by-product, regions in structures that are not conserved are revealed: this can indicate local molecular flexibility related to biological activity. MOTIF-EM takes cryoEM volumetric maps as inputs. The technique used by MOTIF-EM to detect conserved sub-structures is inspired by a recent breakthrough in 2D object recognition. The technique works by constructing rotationally invariant, low-dimensional representations of local regions in the input cryoEM maps. Correspondences are established between the reduced representations (by comparing them using a simple metric) across the input maps. The correspondences are clustered using hash tables and graph theory is used to retrieve conserved structural domains or motifs. MOTIF-EM has been used to extract conserved domains occurring in large macromolecular assembly maps, including as those of viruses P22 and epsilon 15, Ribosome 70S, GroEL, that remain structurally conserved in different functional states. Our method can also been used to build atomic models for some maps. We also used MOTIF-EM to identify the conserved folds shared among dsDNA bacteriophages HK97, Epsilon 15, and o29, though they have low-sequence similarity. Contact: mitul@cs.stanford.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
NEW GENUS WITH TWO NEW SPECIES OF CAPSALID MONOGENEANS FROM DASYATIDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA

We propose Listrocephalos n. gen. (Monogenea: Capsalidae: Entobdellinae) for 2 new capsalid species that infect the skin of 2 species of diamond stingrays (Dasyatidae) in the Gulf of California. We also provide additional observations on 2 previously described capsalid species, which infect the external body surface of stingrays and are currently in Entobdella Blainville in Lamarck, 1818, and transfer them to the proposed new genus. The members of this genus, Listrocephalos corona (Hargis, 1955) n. comb. (type species), Listrocephalos guberleti (Caballero and Bravo-Hollis, 1962) n. comb., Listrocephalos kearni n. sp., and Listrocephalos whittingtoni n. sp., differ from other entobdellines by the combination of having an anterolateral adhesive pad comprising 2 ventral columns of raised ovoid structures, 1 pair of glands that flank the preoral depression, a discoid and aseptate haptor that lacks a marginal valve but has clover-shaped papillae dispersed radially over its entire ventral surface, minute and nonoverlapping median haptoral sclerites, a bizarre chamber yielding a duct that opens on the surface of the penis, separate genital pores, and a gland of Goto located between the testes and ovary. Listrocephalos kearni n. sp. infects Dasyatis brevis and is most easily distinguished from its congeners by the combination of lacking penis tubules and having a convoluted proximal portion of the vas deferens that occupies the space between the ootype and ovary. Listrocephalos whittingtoni n. sp. infects Dasyatis longa and is most easily distinguished from its congeners by the combination of having penis tubules and a vaginal pore that is located posterior to the level of the uterus. We report specimens of L. corona from the ventral body surface of Dasyatis say from a new locality, Mississippi Sound, as well as specimens of L. guberleti from the skin of 2 new hosts, Urobatis maculatus and Urobatis concentricus, and a new locality, Elkhorn Slough, California. We provide a diagnostic key and a table of records for Listrocephalos spp.
On the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory and non-hierarchical aggregation of belief structures

The Dempster's rule of combination is a widely used technique to integrate evidence collected from different sources. In this paper, it is shown that the values of certain functions defined on a family of belief structures decrease (by scale factors depending on the degree of conflict) when the belief structures are combined according to the Dempster's rule. Similar results also hold when an arbitrary belief structure is prioritized while computing the combination. Furthermore, the length of the belief-plausibility interval is decreased during a nonhierarchical aggregation of belief structures. Several types of inheritance networks are also proposed each of which allows considerable flexibility in the choice of prioritization.
A New Dominant Trade Species Emerges: Is Bilateralism a Threat?

Over the past decade, government trade and finance ministries have increasingly turned toward negotiating bilateral and regional trading arrangements, and away from negotiations in multilateral forums like the WTO. There are several reasons for this shift, including changes in the global political environment and negotiating obstacles encountered by the multinational business community at the multilateral level. This shift appears to be an embedded phenomenon. Positive and negative aspects of preferential trading arrangements (PTAs) are in evidence. Trade creation-trade diversion economic analysis suggests the results may be net global welfare enhancing, although such analysis does not readily assess distributional effects. The global economy is enjoying a period of sustained—and widely distributed—economic growth, suggesting that the PTA phenomenon is not an immediate economic threat. On the negative side, the PTAs lead to administrative complexity, and may be somewhat destabilizing as businesses are encouraged to relocate. Some countries may suffer if left out, but this risk is ameliorated by the wide availability of potential negotiating partners. The PTA negotiating environment strongly favors powerful economic actors like the United States and European Union, which are largely dictating terms to developing (and developed) countries. Developing countries, particularly the less economically powerful, are losing autonomous decision-making authority. The consequences of this are difficult to quantify, and may raise questions better attuned to moral philosophers than economists. The WTO continues on its way, relegated to a less central status. A return to the WTO might reinvigorate the role of less powerful actors, but such return does not appear an immediate prospect. The PTA phenomenon, on balance, does not appear aggressively threatening. We may, however, be underestimating the positive role of multilateralism.
The pitfalls of property valuation for commercial real estate lenders: using a comparative income approach to improve accuracy

This paper assesses valuation methods of income producing real estate used by real estate appraisers from the perspective of commercial property lenders. Imbedded in any valuation are assumptions made about income growth and property price appreciation. These assumptions are evaluated highlighting models most frequently used by appraisers. When using appraisals, commercial lenders should be particularly aware of growth-related assumptions as they significantly impact the estimated value of any property. This paper provides a method of evaluating the sensitivity of a property's value to differing income growth scenarios using a perpetuity model. The comparative income growth (CIG) technique can improve lenders' risk analysis and loan decision making by building on information provided in property appraisal reports. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications
Assessing the Impact of Geoscience Laboratories on Student Learning: Who Benefits from Introductory Labs?

Laboratories serve as an integral part of geoscience education at most colleges and universities. While anecdotal evidence supports the beneficial impact of laboratories on science class learning, little quantitative research backs this statement. This study compared classroom data from students who completed a geoscience laboratory in conjunction with an introductory-level lecture-based course to those who completed the lecture course only. Laboratory-enrolled students performed better in the lecture class, resulting in an increase of 5.5% in their final class score. Even after controlling for GPA, laboratory enrollment accounted for a statistically significant proportion of the variance. Nontraditional students (age 25 and over) primarily benefited from the laboratory. Nontraditional students enrolled in lab performed 21.1% higher overall than their lecture course only nontraditional counterparts, and 4.9% higher overall than traditional students who enrolled in both the laboratory and lecture courses. ...
University presses and scholarly communication : Dilemmas and prospects in the new age

Cet article traite de l'avenir de la presse universitaire et de la communication scientifique compte tenu des difficultes qu'elles doivent affronter : la diminition des budgets, les equipes de travail reduites, l'augmentation des demandes de services, et l'evolution rapide de l'environnement technologique. La maniere dont la presse universitaire s'est decidee a surmonter ces difficultes est precisee dans cet article
TMM: Software Maintenance by Transformation

Porting an undocumented program without any source changes demonstrates the value of a transformational theory of maintenance. The theory is based on the reuse of knowledge.
Using loss pairs to discover network properties

Accurate estimation of network characteristics based on endpoint measurements is a challenging and important problem. In this paper we propose and evaluate a new tool for the discovery of network charactertics called loss pairs. A loss pair is a pair of packets travelling the same path and close together in time, such that exactly one of the two packets is dropped in the network. Loss pairs provide insight into network conditions close to the time when loss is occuring. Using loss pairs, we show that it is possible to characterize the packet dropping behavior of drop-tail and AQM routers internal to the network, from measurements made at end systems. Furthermore, we show that loss pairs can be used to estimate bottleneck buffer sizes of droptail routers. An attractive feature of loss pairs is that they lend themselves naturally to use in a passive-measurement setting. Using such an approach, we show that loss pairs provide estimates that are generally accurate and robust over a wide range of network conditions.
Disarmed: The Missing Movement for Gun Control in America

Disarmed: The Missing Movement for Gun Control in America. By Kristin A. Goss. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006. 304p. $29.95. If popular political movements attract the attention of a wide range of political scientists, this is the case, to no small degree, because they seem to bridge an impossible chasm. They seem to bridge—or at least to begin to build a bridge between—on the one hand, the lofty aspirations of democrats who invoke a language of government “by the people,” and on the other, the reality of modern democracies in which elites govern, while citizens judge their performances. When people vote, they affirm—or they reject—the leaders who make and enforce collective decisions. When people participate in popular movements, by contrast, they act in public to articulate and press claims about collective norms. When ordinary citizens participate in mass political movements, that is to say, they act collectively to exercise political power.
Derivation of growth mechanism of nano-defects in GaN from TEM data

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used to describe `hollow' defects, e.g. nanotubes and pinholes (empty inside) formed in GaN hetero- and homoepitaxial layers. These defects are believed to be formed due to the presence of impurities and dopants. These defects appear to be even more deleterious than dislocations for the application of GaN in devices because their formation interrupts two-dimensional growth of quantum wells, and therefore will influence electrical and optical properties of the material. Experimental observations show that both these defects start from V-shaped indentations delineated by (101{bar 1}) planes, and their density increases with higher concentrations of impurities or dopants. These `hollow' defects are often found to be attached to dislocations, but the frequently observed termination of these defects inside the crystal eliminates dislocations as the source of these defects. Theoretical predictions also do not suggest that dislocations would have large-diameter empty cores like these of nanotubes and pinholes.
Oscillatory Cerebral Blood Flow Is Associated With Impaired Neurocognition and Functional Hyperemia in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome During Graded Tilt

We hypothesize that upright cognitive impairment in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is caused by reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF). The CBF velocity (CBF(v)) measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound decreased excessively during 70° tilt in a minority of patients with intermittent hyperpnea/hypocapnia. Incremental tilt showed no difference in mean CBF(v). But N-back memory tasking indicated progressive compromised memory, reduced functional hyperemia, and reduced neurovascular coupling. Orthostasis caused slow oscillations in CBF(v) linked to oscillations in arterial pressure in patients with POTS. We also hypothesize that oscillatory CBF(v) degrades neurovascular coupling. We performed 2-back testing when subjects were in supine position and during incremental tilts to 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° in 11 patients with POTS and 9 controls. Oscillatory arterial pressure, oscillatory CBF(v), and neurovascular coupling were similar in supine position. The oscillatory arterial pressure increased by 31%, 45%, 67%, and 93% in patients with POTS during tilt and remained unchanged in the controls. Oscillatory CBF(v) increased by 61%, 82%, 161%, and 264% in patients with POTS during tilt and remained unchanged in the controls. Functional hyperemia decreased from 4.1% to 3.0%, 1.1%, 0.2%, and to 0.04% in patients with POTS, but it was unchanged at 4% in the controls. Percent correct N-back responses decreased from 78% to 33% in patients with POTS, whereas they remained at 89% in the controls. In patients with POTS, oscillatory CBF(v) was linearly correlated with functional hyperemia (r(2)=0.76). Increased oscillatory CBF is associated with reduced neurovascular coupling and diminished cognitive performance in patients with POTS.
Reflections on PEET, the Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy*

The 12-year old PEET engages a retired program officer in a question-answer session focused on the aspirations and tribulations of the NSF-sponsored research, training, and computer infrastructure program, Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy.
Creating Community at the Farm: A Contested Concept

This ethnography explores the competing concepts of community that are deployed within the context of a communal farm. Residents of the Farm articulate oppositional concepts of community that are b...
Cyberspace Advertising vs. Other Media: Consumer vs. Mature Student Attitudes

ABSTRACT This paper reports on the findings of a survey about attitudes now, and predictions for the future, regarding web advertising versus other media, with college students as the target. College students9 present attitude toward web advertising is compared to the attitudes of people familiar with the web in Ducoffe9s 1996 study. Among the more notable results: while Ducoffe9s sample did not find web advertising to be irritating, annoying, or insulting to peoples9 intelligence, our student sample did. Additionally, students predict that web advertising will overtake television advertising as the most valuable source of information for the future. The paper also offers a new pragmatic model of Attitude toward Advertising that enhances the explanatory power of the Ducoffe (1996) model by adding to the antecedent variables.
An atypical case of dermatomyositis associated with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

Dermatomyositis and polymyositis are the major idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in adults. They are associated with an elevated risk of malignancy. However, renal tumours have rarely been described in dermatomyositis patients. We report the case of a 27-year-old Caucasian man with chromophobe renal cell cancer (ChRCC) and antinuclear matrix protein (NXP-2)-associated dermatomyositis. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports of ChRCC presenting with dermatomyositis.
Abstract 529: Impaired NF-κB signaling in myeloid cells enhances urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) regulates airway inflammation and has been implicated in lung tumorigenesis. We and others have previously described a pro-tumorigenic role for NF-κB activity in airway epithelial cells. However, the role of NF-κB signaling in other cell types, including myeloid cells, in modulation of lung tumorigenesis is unknown. The goal of these studies is to determine the role of myeloid cell-specific NF-κB in lung tumorigenesis. In mice with myeloid cell-targeted IKKβ deletion (IKKβΔmye mice), we observed increased inflammatory mediator expression at 1 week after intraperitoneal injection of urethane (1 μg/g). At 6 weeks post-urethane injection, lungs of IKKβΔmye mice exhibited an increased atypical adenomatous hyperplastic lesion burden, which was accompanied by an increased inflammatory cell influx into the lungs of IKKβΔmye mice compared to wild-type (WT) controls. No difference in total macrophages or the proportion of M2 polarized macrophages in whole lungs was observed by flow cytometry at 6 weeks post-urethane; however, the proportion of CD11b+Gr1hi cells was increased in IKKβΔmye mice. At 4 months after urethane injection, we found an increase in lung tumor numbers (5.6±0.6 in WT, 10.0±1.5 in IKKβΔmye) and a trend towards decreased tumor size in IKKβΔmye mice compared to WT controls. IKKβΔmye mice contained significantly higher numbers of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage at this time point compared to WT controls. In addition, lungs of IKKβΔmye mice exhibited more CD11b+Gr1hi cells in whole lungs as measured by flow cytometry. Our data indicate that inhibition of NF-κB signaling in myeloid cells results in a paradoxical increase in lung inflammation accompanied by enhanced urethane-induced lung tumorigenesis. We conclude that the impact of NF-κB signaling on lung tumorigenesis is cell type specific and that NF-κB activation in myeloid cells functions to limit urethane-induced inflammation and reduce tumor formation in the lungs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 529. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-529
SCAP links glucose to lipid metabolism in cancer cells.

We recently revealed that glucose is a critical activator of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) by promoting trafficking of SREBP-cleavage activating protein (SCAP)/SREBP complexes from the ER to the Golgi and subsequent SREBP activation via N-glycosylation of SCAP. Our study also demonstrated that SCAP plays a critical role in tumor growth.
Fermi Contact Spin Density Calculations of Aromatic Radicals

The Gaussian-weighted operator derived by Rassolov and Chipman (RC operator) is applied to the spin density of large organic π-radicals using B3LYP and PBE0 density functionals and compared to the performance of the delta-function operator. The influence of the basis sets is examined. It is shown that both the delta-function operator and the RC operator provide comparable spin densities with the basis sets ext-6-31 1++G** and ext-6-31 1++G(2d,2p). An optimum range parameter of 0.25 or 0.35 a 0 is appropriate for the RC operator with the extended basis sets. For standard basis sets 6-311++G** and 6-311++G(2d,2p), the delta-function operator may yield considerable errors for heavy atoms due to the deficiency of the basis sets near the nuclei. To a large extent, however, this deficiency can be cured with the RC operator. With the same range parameter of 0.25 or 0.35 a 0 previously recommended, the errors are significantly reduced with respect to the delta-function method. If a relatively larger range parameter of 0.45 a 0 is used, a further improvement can be obtained and the spin densities at the B3LYP/6-311++G** or B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of methods are similar to the ones at the B3LYP/ext-6-311++G** or B3LYP/ext-6-311++G(2d,2p) level of methods. Generally, the UB3LYP/6-311++G** and the UB3LYP/ext-6-311++G** methods are able to provide satisfactory spin densities. For some anions, the B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) and the B3LYP/ext-6-311++G(2d,2p) methods are needed to achieve better agreement with the experiment. It is demonstrated that the B3LYP functional combined with the standard Pople-type basis sets 6-311++G** and 6-311++G(2d,2p), which are designed for conventional electronic structure calculations, serves as an efficient and reliable method for the calculation of spin densities of large organic radicals when the Rassolov—Chipman operator is utilized, while the delta-function operator may lead to far less reliable results. An optimum range parameter of 0.45 a 0 is recommended.
FORMATION MECHANISM OF ROCKBURSTS IN FUSHUN COAL MINE BASED ON DLUBLE-ROCK SAMPLE MODEL

Rockbursts are mine-reduced microseismic events which occur in special rocks at great depth under high pressures.Fushun city,known as "coal city" in China,is affected by rockbursts more and more over time,which brought strong damages and had an influence on people's life.In the paper,rockbursts'characteristics and types in Fushun city are introduced,and then possible potential conditions are analyzed,so that the formation mechanism of rockbursts based on double-rock sample model is discussed.the author considers that rockbursts take place under over 1140m depth and in regions of advance faces in excavations with convergence of high stress in comparison.
Using Trees to Create Habitats Within a Botanic Garden

Botanic gardens bring plants from all over the world into one small place for people to admire and study. The challenge lies in creating a suitable habitat for specimens from widely disparate regions in the garden environment. Plants have specific environmental requirements which have to be considered for successful cultivation, but sometimes these are not naturally present and instead must be provided. This paper discusses the ecological utility of large trees in the context of the botanic garden for other plants to flourish.
Dynamically polarized target for the g2p and GEp experiments at Jefferson Lab

Abstract We describe a dynamically polarized target that has been utilized for two electron scattering experiments in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. The primary components of the target are a new, high cooling power 4 He evaporation refrigerator, and a re-purposed, superconducting split-coil magnet. It has been used to polarize protons in irradiated NH 3 at a temperature of 1 K and at fields of 2.5 and 5.0 T. The performance of the target material in the electron beam under these conditions will be discussed. Maximum polarizations of 28% and 95% were obtained at those fields, respectively. To satisfy the requirements of both experiments, the magnet had to be routinely rotated between angles of 0°, 6°, and 90° with respect to the incident electron beam. This was accomplished using a new rotating vacuum seal which permits rotations to be performed in only a few minutes.
Earthquake Damage Estimations: ShakeCast Case Study on Nevada Bridges

This case study evaluates the vulnerability of Nevada bridges relative to earthquake hazard using two different methods. First, a distributed set of 112 realistic earthquake scenarios were processe...
When β‐cells fail: lessons from dedifferentiation

Diabetes is caused by a combination of impaired responsiveness to insulin and reduced production of insulin by the pancreas. Until recently, the decline of insulin production had been ascribed to β-cell death. But recent research has shown that β-cells do not die in diabetes, but undergo a silencing process, termed "dedifferentiation." The main implication of this discovery is that β-cells can be revived by appropriate treatments. We have shown that mitochondrial abnormalities are a key step in the progression of β-cell dysfunction towards dedifferentiation. In normal β-cells, mitochondria generate energy required to sustain insulin production and its finely timed release in response to the body's nutritional status. A normal β-cell can adapt its mitochondrial fuel source based on substrate availability, a concept known as "metabolic flexibility." This capability is the first casualty in the progress of β-cell failure. β-Cells lose the ability to select the right fuel for mitochondrial energy production. Mitochondria become overloaded, and accumulate by-products derived from incomplete fuel utilization. Energy production stalls, and insulin production drops, setting the stage for dedifferentiation. The ultimate goal of these investigations is to explore novel treatment paradigms that will benefit people with diabetes.
Role of Dietary Metabolites in Regulating the Host Immune Response in Gastrointestinal Disease

The host immune response to gastrointestinal (GI) infections, hypersensitivity reactions or GI cancers comprises numerous pathways that elicit responses on different host cells. Some of these include 1) the stimulation of mast cells via their IgE receptor, 2) the production of antibodies leading to antibody-mediated cytotoxic T / Natural Killer cell killing, 3) the activation of the complement pathway, and 4) the activation of the adaptive immune response via antigen presenting cell, T cell, and B cell interactions. Within the plethora of these different responses, several host immune cells represent major key players such as those of myeloid lineage (including neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells) or lymphoid lineage (including T and B cells). In this review we focus on newly identified metabolites and metabolite receptors that are expressed by either myeloid or lymphoid lineages. Irrespective of their source, these metabolites can in certain instances elicit responses on a wide range of cell types. The myeloid-expressed metabolic enzymes and receptors we will discuss in this review include arginase 2 (Arg2), indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (Hcar2; also called GPR109A), and immunoresponsive gene 1 (Irg1). We will also review the role of the lymphoid-expressed metabolite receptor that binds to the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) sphingolipid. Moreover, we will describe the synthesis and metabolism of retinoic acid, and its effect on T cell activation. The review will then discuss the function of these metabolites in the context of GI disease. The review provides evidence that metabolic pathways operate in a disease- and context-dependent manner – either independently or concomitantly – in the GI tract. Therefore, an integrated approach and combinatorial analyses are necessary to devise new therapeutic strategies that can synergistically improve prognoses.
HIV-1 Latency by Transition

The latent HIV-1 reservoir represents the major barrier for the development of an HIV-1 cure. In this issue of Immunity, Shan et al. (2017) highlight that effector-to-memory transitioning (EMT) CD4+ T cells are particularly permissive for the establishment of latent HIV-1 infection.
Multi-hop routing protocols for RFID systems with tag-to-tag communication

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a technology for automated identification of objects and people. RFID technology is expected to find extensive use in applications related to the Internet of Things, and in particular applications of Internet of Battlefield Things. Of particular interest are passive RFID tags due to a number of their salient advantages. Such tags, lacking energy sources of their own, use backscattering of the power of an RF source (a reader) to communicate. Recently, passive RFID tag-to-tag (T2T) communication has been demonstrated, via which tags can directly communicate with each other and share information. This opens the possibility of building a Network of Tags (NeTa), in which the passive tags communicate among themselves to perform data processing functions. Among possible applications of NeTa are monitoring services in hard-to-reach locations. As an essential step toward implementation of NeTa, we consider a novel multi-hop network architecture; in particular, with the proposed novel turbo backscattering operation, inter-tag distances can be significantly increased. Due to the interference among tags' transmissions, one of the main technical challenges of implementing such the NeTa architecture is the routing protocol design. In this paper, we introduce a design of a routing protocol, which is based on a solution of a non-linear binary optimization problem. We study the performance of the proposed protocol and investigate impacts of several network factors, such as the tag density and the transmit power of the reader.
Range–Velocity Estimation Bounds for Nonuniform Sonar Comb Signals

This paper focuses on wideband Doppler-sensitive nonuniform frequency comb signals for sonar. Cramer–Rao bounds are derived for joint estimation of target range and velocity for comb signals with arbitrary frequency distribution in a fading channel with noise. Performance of matched filtering, rank-enhanced spectral smoothing, and maximum-likelihood-based estimation techniques is compared to the bounds for a nonuniform coprime comb signal. Bounds for coprime and uniform combs are compared exposing how bandwidth extent and tone count impact performance.
Dynamic bus substitution strategy for bunching intervention

Abstract Bus headways are typically susceptible to external disturbances (e.g., due to traffic congestion, clustered passenger arrivals, and special passenger needs), which create gaps in the system that grow eventually into bunching. Although many control strategies, such as static and dynamic holding strategies, have been implemented to mitigate the effects of unreliable bus schedules, most of them would impose longer dwell times on the passengers. In this paper, we investigate the potential of an alternative bus substitution strategy that is currently implemented by some transit agencies in an ad-hoc manner. In this strategy, the agency deploys a fleet of standby buses to take over service from any early or late buses so as to contain deviations from schedule, and the intention is to impose minimum penalties on the onboard passengers. We develop a discrete-time infinite-horizon approximate dynamic programming approach to find the optimal policy to minimize the overall agency and passenger costs. It is shown through numerical examples that schedule deviations can be controlled by regularly inserting standby buses as substitutions. In some implementation scenarios, the proposed strategy holds the potential to achieve comparable performance with some of the most advanced strategies, and to outperform the conventional slack-based schedule control scheme. In light of the emerging opportunities associated with autonomous driving, the performance of the proposed strategy can become even stronger due to the reduction in costs for keeping the fleet of standby buses.
Chemistry of Granular and Closely Related Regions of the Cochlear Nucleus

Granule cells of the cochlear nucleus have been described as having very small somata, about 6-10 urn diameter, containing a thin rim of cytoplasm around the nucleus, and 2-4 dendrites (Brawer et al., 1974; Kane, 1974; Mugnaini et al., 1980a,b; Weedman et al., 1996). They are located in many parts of the cochlear nucleus but are especially concentrated in granular regions, which we will define as collections of densely packed granule cells readily recognized in Nissl-stained sections. Most granular regions are located near the boundaries of the cochlear nucleus or its subdivisions: the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), posteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN), and dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). The fusiform soma layer of the DCN is exceptional in that it lies within a subdivision and contains prominent large fusiform (pyramidal) cells as well as densely packed granule cells (Brawer et al., 1974; Mugnaini et al., 1980b; Wouterlood & Mugnaini, 1984; Osen, 1988). The small cell cap, or marginal zone, borders some granular regions and contains granule cells as well as many non-granule small cells, some of which have dendrites that enter the overlying granular layer (Brawer et al., 1974; Cant, 1993; Benson & Brown, 1990). It is sometimes described together with granular regions as a small cell or marginal shell (Zhao et al., 1995), but we will not include it in our consideration of granular regions because it lacks densely packed granule cells. The cochlear nucleus granular regions resemble those of the cerebellar cortex but with less dense packing. Our unpublished measurements in cat of DNA concentrations, which should be proportional to density of cell nuclei, gave values in the granular region dorsolateral to AVCN about a third of those in the cerebellar flocculus granular layer and about three times those in the AVCN.
Lipids of Ciliary and Flagellar Membranes

The lipids of isolated cilia and flagella have been analyzed in only a few organisms. There is a substantial number of reports on the ciliary lipids of Tetrahymena. Vast differences in proteins and lipids exist between strains formerly grouped together as T. pyriformis. Thompson’s and Nozawa’s laboratories did their earlier work mainly with T. pyriformis amicronucleate strains W, E, or GL or the sexual strain, formerly known as WH-14 or mating type II, variety 1 and now designated as T. thermophila. These investigators have used the extremely thermotolerant strain, NT-1, in most of their recent studies. Most studies done by Conner and his colleagues have been on the amicronucleate strain, T. pyriformis W. These major contributors to our current understanding of Tetrahymena ciliary membrane lipids have done some of their analyses on isolated membrane preparations; all other workers have analyzed the entire organelle. Smith et al. (1970) and Kennedy and Thompson (1970) were the first to report on lipids of isolated cilia using T. thermophila and T. pyriformis E, respectively. These initial studies were followed by a report on T. thermophila by Jonah and Erwin (1971) who provided more detailed analyses of ciliary lipids, including fatty acid data. Thus, in addition to differences in analytical techniques, species and strain differences must be taken into consideration when apparent discrepancies occur in the Tetrahymena lipid literature
When Doesn't it Hurt Her to Ask? Framing and Justification Reduce the Social Risks of Initiating Compensation

Previous research shows that initiating compensation negotiations is socially risky for women (Bowles, Babcock, & Lai, 2007). The current research investigates whether there are ways women can ask to minimize these social risks. In three studies, we test impressions created by alternative frames and justifications for initiating compensation negotiations. We identify two strategies for reducing the social risks for women of asking for higher compensation: (1) using a communal frame to communicate concern for relationships and (2) justifying the request with external validation (viz., outside offer). However, findings suggest both strategies are vulnerable to negative interpretation when used in combination. In conclusion, we offer principles but no clear-cut solutions for minimizing the social risks to women of asking for higher pay.
The S Gene Family: Genes with Diverse Structures and Functions

The analysis of the self-incompatibility system of Brassica and the isolation of genes derived from the self-incompatibility or S locus has led to the identification of a group of related sequences that is rapidly becoming an extended family. Members of this S gene family have now been reported in Brassica, Arabidopsis, and maize. Thus, this family appears to be ubiquitous in plants, and S genes may yet be discovered in a large number of plant species in both dicots and monocots.
Repeated rectal application of a hyperosmolar lubricant is associated with microbiota shifts but does not affect PrEP drug concentrations: results from a randomized trial in men who have sex with men

Introduction Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) is highly effective in preventing HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). The effects of consistent personal lubricant use in the rectum on tissue PrEP drug concentrations and the rectal microbiota are unknown. We investigated rectal PrEP drug concentrations and the microbiota in MSM before and after repeated rectal application of a hyperosmolar lubricant. Methods We randomized 60 HIV-negative MSM to apply 4 mL of hyperosmolar rectal lubricant daily (n = 20), take daily oral TDF/FTC (n = 19), or both (n = 21) for seven days. Blood, rectal biopsies and rectal secretions were collected via rigid sigmoidoscopy before and on day 8 after product use. Tenofovir (TFV) and FTC as well as their intracellular metabolites tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP), FTC-triphosphate (FTC-TP) were measured by HPLC-mass spectrometry. Rectal mucosal microbiota was sequenced with 16S rRNA sequencing using Illumina MiSeq. Results Seven days of lubricant application was not associated with differences in PrEP drug concentrations in rectal tissue or secretions. Lubricant use was associated with a decrease in the relative abundance of the Bacteroides genus (p = 0.01) and a non-significant increase in the Prevotella genus (p = 0.09) in the rectum. PrEP drug concentrations in rectal tissue and secretions were not associated with microbiota composition or diversity either before or after lubricant use. Conclusions Repeated rectal application of a hyperosmolar lubricant does not affect mucosal PrEP drug concentrations but is associated with changes in the rectal microbiome.
Chemical and Notational Preliminaries

In this chapter I will provide some chemical preliminaries—essentially, a description of the very natural way that a chemical reaction network induces a system of differential equations—and I will also provide an indication of the kinds of questions we will ask. Finally, at the end of the chapter, I will discuss the notational scheme—one common in graph theory—that is used throughout the book. Although for some readers the scheme might be a little unfamiliar, it is simple and will serve us well over the long run.
Prologue: considering how fit changes

This prologue to the European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology special issue “Experiencing fit and misfit: Process views, dynamic interactions, and temporal considerations” identifies ...
Student Engagement in Active Learning Software Engineering Courses

Engineering instructors often rely on lectures as their primary mode of instruction even in project courses. In the lecture mode of instruction student engagement with the course material is often low or non-existent until the date of an assessment activity (assignment or exam) is near. In passive learning environments students often do not get many opportunities to develop their soft skills. Many engineering educators regard experiential learning as a better way to train the next generation of software engineers to do project work. This paper describes the authors’ experiences introducing active learning opportunities in a junior level software engineering course and a senior level game design course. The materials created for these courses were developed using a variation of the ADDIE (analyze, design, development, implementation, evaluation) process model. The team created a mix of case-study review, role play, trigger videos, and hands-on exercises involving work with software engineering artifacts or tools to facilitate coverage of the topics. The investigators collected observational data on student engagement while they were involved in various class activities and found that they were least engaged when listening to even short lectures. Student feedback and the authors’ own lessons learned are being used to plan the next iterations of these courses.