cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of water defluoridation projects and the concentration of water fluoride

Objective To investigate the concentration of water fluoride and the application of water defluoridation projects in Suizhou,and to provide a basis for water improvement and prevention of the disease.Methods Cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate completely the water defluoridation projects built between 1986 and 2009 in the area under Suizhou's jurisdiction; 3 source water and terminal water samples of the projects in use were collected,respectively; 1 water sample was collected,respectively in the 3 projects with out-ofcommission or discarded water sources that used to be major water supply,for detection of fluoride,chloride,total hardness,heavy metals and other indicators.Results A total of 21 projects were investigated,14 projects were in normal use (66.7％),7 projects were out of order and abandoned (33.3％).Of the 14 projects normally used,13projects with water fluoride concentration ≤ 1.0 mg/L(92.9％)and 1 project with water fluoride concentration higher than 1.0 mg/L(7.1％),the concentration of water fluoride in the 7 abandoned projects was higher than 1.0 mg/L(100％).Arsenic and lead levels of all the water samples were normal.There were two water samples with iron content exceeded the standard,and one total hardness of water samples exceeded the standard in the normally used 14 peripheral water sources.One chloride content exceeded the standard,one manganese content exceeded the standard,two iron content exceeded the standard and three total hardness exceeded the standard in the seven abandoned projects.Conclusions Some defluoridation projects are stopped using and abandoned in Suizhou,and the water fluoride exceeds the standard. Key words: Water; Fluoride poisoning; Data collection
Estimation of US patients with cancer who may respond to cytotoxic chemotherapy

Aims, patients & methods: In this retrospective review, we sought to estimate the proportion of patients in the USA with advanced or metastatic cancer who are eligible for and may respond to recomm...
FOXK1 Participates in DNA Damage Response by Controlling 53BP1 Function

53BP1 plays a central role in dictating DNA repair choice between non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), which is important for the sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) of BRCA1-deficient cancers. In this study, we show that FOXK1 associates with 53BP1 and regulates 53BP1-dependent functions. FOXK1-53BP1 interaction is significantly enhanced upon DNA damage during the S phase in an ATM/CHK2-dependent manner, which reduces the association of 53BP1 with its downstream factors RIF1 and PTIP. Depletion of FOXK1 impairs DNA repair and induces compromised cell survival upon DNA damage. Overexpression of FOXK1 diminishes 53BP1 foci formation, which leads to resistance to PARPis and elevation of HR in BRCA1-deficient cells and decreased telomere fusion in TRF2-depleted cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that FOXK1 negatively regulates 53BP1 function by inhibiting 53BP1 localization to sites of DNA damage, which alters the DSB-induced protein complexes centering on 53BP1 and thus influences DNA repair choice.
Urban food accessibility and diversity: Exploring the role of small non-chain grocers

Abstract Access to a variety of affordable and healthy food has been a critical component in sustainable food-system planning. Research on food accessibility and food deserts (low-income areas with no or limited access to healthy food) can have important policy implications for alleviating health disparities. In the existing food access literature, supermarkets or large chain grocery stores have typically been used as the basis for measuring food access. Independent/non-chain grocers are often left out. We propose a multidimensional accessibility based assessment method to examine whether and how independent grocers help shape the food landscape and their locational strategy. A food desert elimination optimization model is formulated to evaluate the effectiveness of relying on small, full-service grocers for servicing food desert neighborhoods. The empirical study conducted in Tucson, Arizona indicates that, while full-service independent grocers fill some gaps left by chain markets, such stores are more helpful for improving food access diversity; this is reflected by the co-locating patterns of chain and non-chain stores. A few independent stores do, however, primarily serve food deserts in racially/ethnically diverse neighborhoods where higher proportions of residents rely on public assistance program and have limited mobility. Our case study suggests that small, independent grocers may have significant potential to aid in servicing areas with no or limited access to healthy food, particularly if policy incentives are provided.
Comparison of operating room variables, radiation exposure and implant costs for WEB versus stent assisted coiling for treatment of wide neck bifurcation aneurysms.

BackgroundThe WEB device offers another option for treating wide neck bifurcation aneurysms (WNBA). The objective was to compare procedure variables, radiation and implant cost between WEB and sten...
The role of UGT1A1 (c.-3279 T > G) gene polymorphisms in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia susceptibility.

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NNH) is a common disease in newborns. This research study aimed to assess the associations between uridine diphospho-glucuronate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1, c.-3279 T > G) polymorphisms and NNH risk. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Embase electronic databases. All published eligible studies before July 1, 2019, were searched for this meta-analysis. We identified 7 independent studies including 1560 cases. The data showed that in the general population, compared with the GT + GG vs TT and GG vs TT, c.-3279 T > G (rs4124874) was significantly related to a higher NNH risk (GG vs TT: OR = 1.865, 95% CI: 1.031–3.373, P = 0.039; GT + GG vs TT: OR = 1.331, 95% CI: 1.055–1.679, P = 0.016). Although not statistically significant, the data showed that c.3279 T > G had a tendency to be associated with NNH under the allele model and GG vs GT + TT in the overall population (G vs T: OR = 1.288, 95% CI: 0.982–1.689, P = 0.067; GG vs TT + GT: OR = 1.583, 95% CI: 0.947–2.647, P = 0.080). The UGT1A1 gene c.-3279 T > G (rs4124874) polymorphism increased susceptibility to NNH, especially for the comparison of GT + GG vs TT and GG vs TT. In the future, we can use homozygous state of the UGT1A1 gene c.-3279 T > G (rs4124874) polymorphism for the diagnosis and screening of molecular biomarkers in NNH patients.
Maintaining External Connections During Incarceration: Latent Class Analysis of Visitors for Women and Men in Prison:

Research on the prison visitation context has recently grown, yet little is known about the overall composition of who visits. This paper describes visit groups using latent class analysis (LCA) se...
Robust deblurring random blur

The author introduces a modified technique for restoring an image that has been distorted by a linear system whose impulse response function is itself random in the presence of long-tailed noise detection. The deblurred image is obtained by calculating a robust kernel weight. The weight is chosen to optimize the combined measure of smoothness and robustness. A robust nonparametric function estimation is introduced. The estimate is motivated by the theory of M-estimation and the kernel estimation of regression functions. Consistency and asymptotic normality are shown. The estimate satisfies a minimax property, i.e. it minimizes the maximal asymptotic variance as the error distribution varies over a suitable contamination neighborhood (long-tailed noise). >
Hodoscope instrumentation for photoproduction of wide angle MU meson pairs. Part 1. Detectors and hodoscope electronics

Abstract A 192 counter hodoscope was used in an experiment on photoproduction of mu meson pairs utilizing a 5.2 GeV breamsstrahlung beam at the Cambridge Electron Accelerator. The hodoscope detectors are described. The logic and circuitry up to and including intermediate storage of hodoscope detector information on flip-flops is discussed. Reliability data, production techniques and costs are reported.
Statistics of PMD-induced power fading for double sideband and single sideband subcarrier-multiplexed signals

We experimentally and numerically compare the statistics of power fading for double sideband (DSB) and single sideband (SSB) subcarrier-multiplexed signals under high polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) conditions (average differential group delay (DGD) 40 ps) with and without dynamic first-order polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) compensation. We find that both SSB-SCM and DSB-SCM subcarrier multiplexed signals exhibit similar sensitivity to PMD-induced power fading. Reduces the worst case fading penalty by -20 dB.
Physical constraints on c13 and δ for transversely isotropic hydrocarbon source rocks

Based on the theory of anisotropic elasticity and observation of static mechanic measurement of transversely isotropic hydrocarbon source rocks or rock-like materials, we reasoned that one of the three principal Poisson’s ratios of transversely isotropic hydrocarbon source rocks should always be greater than the other two and they should be generally positive. From these relations, we derived tight physical constraints on c13, Thomsen parameter δ, and anellipticity parameter η. Some of the published data from laboratory velocity anisotropy measurement are lying outside of the constraints. We analysed that they are primarily caused by substantial uncertainty associated with the oblique velocity measurement. These physical constraints will be useful for our understanding of Thomsen parameter δ, data quality checking, and predicting δ from measurements perpendicular and parallel to the symmetrical axis of transversely isotropic medium. The physical constraints should also have potential application in anisotropic seismic data processing.
Variations of Aberrant Ventricular Conduction in Man: Evidence of Isolated and Combined Block Within the Specialized Conduction System An Electrocardiographic and Vectorcardiographic Study

Aberrant ventricular conduction (AbC) was produced in 52 subjects, including 14 normal volunteers, by the introduction of atrial premature beats through a transvenous catheter electrode. Simultaneous standard electrocardiograms and vectorcardiogams permitted detailed analysis of configuration. Multiple patterns of AbC were produced in 29 of 52 subjects. The general categories and their frequency were as follows: right bundle-branch block without significant axis shift from control, 31; right bundle-branch block with left axis deviation, 27; left axis deviation, 14; inferior axis deviation, six; right bundle-branch block with inferior axis deviation, seven; and complete left bundle-branch block, six. These patterns were believed to depend on the location of isolated or combined functional block in the major pathways of the specialized conduction system, which include the right bundle branch, common left bundle branch, anterior division of the left bundle branch, and posterior division of the left bundle br...
Age, Growth, and Reproduction of Greater Amberjack off the Southeastern U.S. Atlantic Coast

Abstract The greater amberjack Seriola dumerili is a pelagic, epibenthic species that is widely distributed in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Life history samples from a total of 2,729 greater amberjacks were collected between 2000 and 2004 by personnel of the Marine Resource Monitoring Assessment and Prediction program and National Marine Fisheries Service port agents from recreational fisherman and in commercial fish houses from Cape Lookout, North Carolina, to Key West, Florida. Ages were estimated using thin transverse otolith sections from 1,996 specimens; sex and reproductive state were assigned to 2,517 fish based on histological preparations of gonadal tissues. Ages of greater amberjacks sampled ranged from 1 to 13 years; these data were described with a von Bertalanffy growth equation fitted to all aged specimens: Lt = 1,241.5 × [1 − e −0.28(t+1.56)]. Sexual dimorphism was evident; females were larger at age than males. Size at 50% maturity was 644 mm fork length (FL) for males and 733...
A vision of hope and fear: Creative research and Ezekiel 1

Despite a growing interest in the visual among biblical scholars, little to no integration of the creation of visual images with traditional modes of research has occurred. In this article I argue that the creation of visual art can uniquely contribute to biblical studies in general, and more specifically to conversations surrounding Ezekiel 1. After surveying the developments in biblical studies that attend to the visual in some way, I turn to a description of the major streams of Ezekielan scholarship, pointing out an area requiring further attention, namely the confluence of hope and danger bound up in the images of Ezekiel 1. After touching on several prominent artists who influence my thinking, I present a painting that functions as my primary reading of Ezekiel 1. In my painting I argue that the images of Ezekiel 1 carry with them both the experience of suffering and the hope of a sovereign and salvific God.
Decompositions of difference sets

Abstract We characterize those symmetric designs with a Singer group G which admit a quasi-regular G -invariant partition into strongly induced symmetric subdesigns. In terms of the corresponding difference sets, the set associated with the larger design can be decomposed into a difference set describing the small designs and a suitable relative difference set. This generalizes the decomposition of the classical design with the complements of hyperplanes in PG ( m − 1, q ) as blocks into sub-designs arising from PG ( d − 1, q ) whenever d divides m . Parametrically, these geometrical examples provide the only known examples of the situation we are studying. But there are many nonisomorphic examples with the same parameters, namely the complements of the classical GMW designs and some generalizations. We also discuss the possibilities for obtaining new difference sets in this way and point out a connection to the recent constructions of Ionin for symmetric designs.
Digital Science and Knowledge Boundaries in Complex Innovation

Drug discovery is a complex innovation process in which scientists need to make sense of ambiguous findings and grapple with numerous unpredictable interdependencies over many years of product development. Digitalization has combined with expanding science to address this complexity, creating new ways to measure, analyze, and model chemical compounds, diseases, and human biology. We interviewed 85 scientists and managers working on drug discovery to understand how they deal with complexity. We find a major knowledge fault line between digital scientists, who use computers as laboratories and manipulate signs, and therapy scientists, who use conventional laboratories and manipulate physical material. We build on research on epistemic cultures and knowing in practice to develop empirically grounded theory for the role of digital science in complex innovation. We propose that digitalization creates a new form of knowledge that provides essential complementary insights for complex innovation that cannot exist otherwise. However, digitalization also creates new knowledge boundaries that concern central activities of innovation. These boundaries highlight challenges of complex innovation that digital sciences can help address, but only if the innovation activities are transformed so that digital and therapy sciences can integrate their complementary knowledge.
Kinetic analysis of amino acid pools and protein synthesis in amphibian oocytes and embryos.

Abstract Rates of protein synthesis have been measured in Rana pipiens oocytes and embryos and in Xenopus oocytes from the incorporation kinetics of two different concentrations of amino acid. This method does not require an independent measurement of the amino acid pools, since the pool size can be calculated directly from incorporation data. The effects of the concentration and diffusion of injected amino acid on the calculated values for amino acid pool size and flow rate are discussed. When the endogenous amino acid pool is appreciably expanded by the injected amino acid, the total amino acid pool in the oocytes or embryos may be considered as the precursor pool for protein synthesis. Under these circumstances, compartmentation of amino acids does not affect the results, except when lysine is used as tracer. The rates of protein synthesis in ovarian oocytes of Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis are 18 and 50–54 ng/hr, respectively. In Rana pipiens, the rate increases 70% during maturation and another 50% before the two-cell stage. Finally, the rate approximately doubles between the two-cell and blastula stages.
Dynamics of phase separation in two-dimensional tricritical systems

We present a Monte Carlo study of the tricritical spinodal decomposition of a two-dimensional model obeying Kawasaki dynamics which describes both an Ising metamagnet as well as a simple model of chemisorption. Quenches to three different points in the unstable domain are studied. In all cases the structure functions for both the nonconserved order parameter and conserved secondary order parameter exhibit dynamical instabilities as manifest by peaks which increase with increasing time. Each structure function satisfies a simple scaling behavior with respect to characteristic lengths whose time dependence can be approximated by simple powerlaw behavior in certain domains of time. In addition we find that the tricritical spinodal decomposition exhibits an unusual asymmetry with respect to the quench value of the conserved variable (the magnetization) as compared to the case of simple binary alloys. Namely, the peak in the magnetic structure factor (at fixed time) increases with increasing magnetization as one moves from one side of the unstable region toward the other side of the coexistence curve. Eventually, however, as one continues to increase the magnetization this peak value ceases to increase, but rather decreases dramatically in a very narrow transition region. This sharp transition would seem to be a fundamental dynamical distinction between tricritical and critical instabilities.
Electrical and optical characterization of crystalline silicon/porous silicon heterojunctions

Abstract We have investigated the photovoltage and photocurrent spectra of crystalline silicon/porous silicon heterojunctions. The porous silicon layers were prepared using anodic etching of p-type crystalline silicon at a current density of 25 mA/cm 2 . From the spectral dependence of the photovoltage and photocurrent, we suggest that the photovoltaic properties of the junction are dominated by absorption in crystalline silicon only. We have also studied the effect of increase in the thickness of porous silicon layers on these spectra. We find that the open-circuit voltage of the devices increases, but the short-circuit current decreases with an increase in the thickness of the porous silicon layers. We propose a qualitative explanation for this trend, based on the increase in the series and the shunt resistance of these devices. The effect of hydrogen passivation on the junction properties by exposing the devices to hydrogen plasma is also reported.
Use of deuterium–hydrogen exchange to characterize the fragmentation pathways of arteether and its metabolites in a thermospray mass spectrometer

Whereas the thermospray mass spectra of most compounds consist of only the pseudo-molecular ion with little fragmentation, the thermospray mass spectra of arteether (a cyclic endoperoxide) and its metabolites are relatively complex. Assignments of structures to individual fragments from normal spectra was particularly ambiguous because of uncertainties as to which fragments arose from ammonium ion or methanol adducts. In this study, these assignments could be resolved through the comparison of the regular spectrum with the deuterium-exchange spectrum (in an ND4O2CCH3–CD3OD–D2O mobile phase) achieved using ‘sandwiched slug’ injection technique. The mass spectra of arteether and four of its metabolites all showed [M + ND4]+ pseudo-molecular ions with greater than 91% H/D exchange, indicating a high efficiency with a minimal use of deuterated mobile phase. Most fragments showed H/D exchange rates in the 70–90% range and the isotope shift of individual spectral lines (ΔM) was found to be extremely useful in determining the structure of the fragment.
Rovibrational cooling of translationally ultracold, polar NaCs molecules

We present our work on rovibrational cooling of translationally ultracold NaCs molecules. Vibrational cooling requires broadband light, while rotational cooling is achieved with narrow-line lasers.
A qualitative analysis of kindergarteners’ open-ended drawing and story telling opportunities

The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the themes in the written productions of 114 kindergarten students. Participants were from two schools in different regions in the United States and were given an open-ended opportunity to draw and subsequently dictate a story. Content analysis was performed and six themes emerged: (a) family, (b) inanimate objects/personal belongings, (c) activities/events, (d) fantasy stories, (e) self-talk/reflection, and (f) nature/outdoors. Comparative analysis was performed for both gender and ethnicity and few differences were found between boys’ and girls’ stories or across ethnicities. Recommendations were included for teachers and families to allow young children more open-ended literacy opportunities and future research to analyze children’s drawings and stories between classrooms and across grade levels were included.
Derivation of Equations for the Steady-State Reaction Velocity of a Substance Based on the Use of a Second Substance

To study the transport and/or transformation of a particular molecular species, a second substance, which need not be chemically identical to that species, can be employed. Equations are derived for the steady-state velocity of the molecular species that use values found by use of the second substance.
Mach's Principle, the Kerr Metric, and Black-Hole Physics

The generalized Kerr solution is tentatively accepted as the description for the state of a charged rotating mass which has undergone complete gravitational collapse. Mass accretion by such a system is demonstrated to damp out the rotation. Even the most favorable selective capture of matter leaves the angular momentum bounded by ${m}^{2}$, precisely the upper limit that the Kerr geometry can accommodate without change of character. Mach's principle, exemplified by the rotation of inertial frames, is employed to obtain approximate expressions for perihelion precession of satellites, deflection of light trajectories, and the rotation of polarization of light. Results are compared with exact expressions, when available.
Arterial cannulation in extracorporeal circulation. Experience with a new aortic cannula.

Abstract This article briefly reviews arterial cannulation in extracorporeal circulation and describes a new type of cannula for transaortic arterial perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass. Techniques for the insertion and removal of the cannula are presented. The results obtained in 544 consecutive open-heart operations performed since 1960 on patients from 2 to 58 years of age are discussed. The cannula was inserted in the ascending aorta when the heart was approached through a midline sternotomy or a right-sided thoracotomy. No complications resulted from cannulation itself. Despite the small size of the aorta in the younger patients, perfusion was feasible through a cannula 4 mm. in diameter and 8 mm. long at flows which went from 300 ml. per minute in the smallest patient up to 5,600 ml. per minute in the adults. The advantages of using the cannula in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass are described.
Security of e-mail.

In Robert K. Englund's review of Before Writing by Denise Schmandt-Besserat (University of Texas Press, Austin, 1992) in the 11 June issue (p. 1670), two cuneiform characters in columns 1 and 2 on page 1671 were misrepresented. The correct characters are as follows.
Suppression of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3 decreases hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis through decreased transcriptional activity.

Long chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) and fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) activate fatty acids to acyl-CoAs in the initial step of fatty acid metabolism. Numerous isoforms of ACSL and FATP exist with different tissue distribution patterns, intracellular locations, and substrate preferences, suggesting that each isoform has distinct functions in channeling fatty acids into different metabolic pathways. Because fatty acids, acyl-CoAs, and downstream lipid metabolites regulate various transcription factors that control hepatic energy metabolism, we hypothesized that ACSL or FATP isoforms differentially regulate hepatic gene expression. Using small interference RNA (siRNA), we knocked down each liver-specific ACSL and FATP isoform in rat primary hepatocyte cultures and subsequently analyzed reporter gene activity of numerous transcription factors and performed quantitative mRNA analysis of their target genes. Compared with control cells, which were transfected with control siRNA, knockdown of acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSL3) significantly decreased reporter gene activity of several lipogenic transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator activation receptor-γ, carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and liver X receptor-α and the expression of their target genes. These findings were further supported by metabolic labeling studies that showed [1-14C]acetate incorporation into lipid extracts was decreased in cells treated with ACSL3 siRNAs and that ACSL3 expression is up-regulated in ob/ob mice and mice fed a high sucrose diet. ACSL3 knockdown decreased total acyl-CoA synthetase activity without substantially altering the expression of other ACSL isoforms. In summary, these results identify a novel role for ACSL3 in mediating transcriptional control of hepatic lipogenesis.
Effect of low-temperature shock compression on the microstructure and strength of copper

Copper with two purities (99.8 and 99.995 pct) was subjected to shock compression from an initial temperature of 90 K. Shock compression was carried out by explosively accelerating flyer plates at velocities generating pressures between 27 and 77 GPa. The residual microstructure evolved from loose dislocation cells to mechanical twins and, at the 57 and 77 GPa pressures, to complete recrystallization, with a grain size larger than the initial one. The shock-compressed copper was mechanically tested in compression at a strain rate of 10−3 s−1 and temperature of 300 K; the conditions subjected to lower pressures (27 and 30 GPa) exhibited work softening, in contrast to the conventional work-hardening response. This work softening is due to the uniformly distributed dislocations and the formation of loose cells, evolving, upon plastic deformation at low strain rates, into well-defined cells, with a size of approximately 1 µm. The 99.995 pct copper subjected to the higher shock-compression pressures (57 and 77 GPa) exhibited a stress-strain response almost identical to the unshocked condition. This indicates that the residual temperature rise was sufficient to completely recrystallize the structure and eliminate the hardening due to shock compression. Thermodynamic calculations using the Hugoniot-Rankine conservation equations predict residual temperatures of 570 and 1000 K for the 57 and 77 GPa peak pressures, respectively.
Sudden unexpected death 12 years after “near-miss” sudden infant death syndrome in infancy

Abstract Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is recognized as the largest single cause of death in infants between 1 week and 1 year of age in the U.S., accounting for the unexpected deaths of approximately 10,000 previously well infants annually. 1 Infants who survive episodes of respiratory or cardiorespiratory arrest have been described as having aborted, or "near-miss," SIDS events, which are generally presumed to represent a variant of true SIDS. 2 Although "near-miss" occurrences may be repetitive, death rarely occurs in infancy. 2–3 However, the long-term significance of aborted SIDS events and the risk for subsequent catastrophe in these children is not known. The following case of an apparently healthy young girl with a history of "nearmiss" SIDS at age 6 weeks who died suddenly and unexpectedly in her sleep 12 years later may reflect an important and unappreciated aspect of the natural history of SIDS.
Slip-sliding away

The side of an oceanic volcano, one of the Hawaiian islands, has been caught sliding towards the sea. The distance concerned was only a few centimetres. But it could be an indicator of a huge landslip to come.
Spectroscopic studies of 1,2-diphenyl-3,3,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutene and 3,4-diphenyl-2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene radical cations and their possible interconversion

Abstract In order to study radical cation rearrangements, the species generated by γ-irradiation of 1,2-diphenyl-3,3,4, 4-tetramethylcyclobutene (CB) and 3,4-diphenyl-2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene (BD) in frozen Freon solutions were studied by monitoring their EPR and visible absorption spectra. The optical and EPR spectra are indicative of CB + and BD + Conversion of CB + to BD + is not a dominant process at low temperatures in CFCl 3 or the Freon mixture (50:50 CFCl 3 :CF 2 BrCF 2 Br) but can be assisted photochemically.
Sequential deformation of plains at the margins of Alpha Regio, Venus: Implications for tessera formation

Abstract— The boundaries between the highly deformed tessera terrain and adjacent volcanic plains are primarily those of embayment, where the tessera are stratigraphically older than the plains. Previous studies show that <3% of these boundaries display evidence of tectonic tilting after the emplacement of the plains. One of these unusual boundaries is the western margin of Alpha Regio tessera, a zone ∼ 100 km in width that separates the plains from the interior structures of Alpha. This zone is characterized by margin parallel, fine-scale (1–5 km) fractures, graben, and ridges that truncate and postdate the broad-scale (10–30 km) ridges and troughs of the interior of Alpha. The western margin is embayed by several volcanic plains units that are progressively tilted and deformed by graben with closer proximity to Alpha Regio. The earliest deformation of the plains consists of northeast-trending graben ∼1 km in width that are similar in morphology and spacing to graben that deform intratessera plains and plains at the eastern boundary of Alpha. Northwest-trending graben then formed over an interval marked by the emplacement of two additional plains units; their similarity to northwest-trending structures emanating from Eve corona and the Lada Terra rift suggests a possible genetic relationship. The tilting of the plains adjacent to western Alpha implies relative vertical movement of the margin, either uplift of tessera or downwarping of plains subsequent to the formation and relaxation of the interior of Alpha Regio. Subsidence of plains at this locale is supported by the presence of a basin to the west of Alpha surrounded by a fracture belt contiguous with western Alpha. Thus, the fractures and deformation at the western boundary of Alpha may be related to the formation of a basin to the west of Alpha with some influence from the northernmost extension of the Lada Terra rift. Such a basin is not present at a section along the eastern boundary of Alpha Regio, where the origin of tilted plains remains equivocal. We conclude that the deformation along the western margin of Alpha Regio is not directly related to the process of tessera formation but is an example of tessera modification and is consistent with the stratigraphic position of tessera as the oldest unit observed on Venus.
Situation awareness and workload in driving while using adaptive cruise control and a cell phone

Abstract Little work has empirically examined the cognitive construct of situation awareness (SA) in driving tasks involving the use of advanced in-vehicle automated technologies and personal communication devices. This research investigated the effects of an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system, and cell phone use in driving, on a direct and objective measure of SA, and assessed the competition of multiple driving and communication tasks for limited mental resources in terms of driving performance. Eighteen participants drove a virtual car in a driving simulation and performed a following task involving changes in speed and lateral position. Half of the participants were required to respond to cell phone calls and all completed trials with and without use of the ACC system. Task performance was measured in terms of lane deviations and speed control in tracking a lead vehicle, as well as headway distance in the following task. SA was measured using a simulation freeze technique and SA queries on the driving situation. Subjective workload was measured using a uni-dimensional mental workload rating. Results indicated use of the ACC system to improve driving task SA under typical driving conditions, and to reduce driver mental workload. However, the cell phone conversation caused deleterious effects on driving SA and increased driver mental load. The cell phone conversation (secondary task) competed for limited mental resources of drivers, leading to less attention to, and accurate knowledge of, the driving situation. Results also revealed the ACC system to improve driving performance along multiple dimensions; however, the cell phone did not have an effect. The latter result may be attributed to a short duration of the cell phone conversations during the experiment. This study has implications for the implementation of in-vehicle automation to support driver SA under normal driving conditions and regulations on the use of cell phones while driving. Relevance to Industry The results of this study have relevance to the introduction of advanced automation in commercial vehicles for supporting driver SA and regulation of cell phone use in driving. The study brings to light the critical role of attention-demanding distracter tasks, such as cell phone conversation while driving and using in-vehicle automation.
High speed rail: Migration of project system safety to operational system safety

Project managers need to recognize the need for system safety in their overall programme. They are obligated to build different system safety elements as identified into their project schedules; ensure that risks specific to operational phase are considered by taking into account project requirements, time constraints and cost; and make provision for implementation of a safety management system by appropriate system safety functionaries in the name of building a high speed rail. However the key aspects and demarcation of a project phase system safety management are a far cry from those encountered during the operational phase of a project being that the project team may not be conversant with the blow-by-blow operational requirements that are put together in order to kick off the operations. This paper describes the process adopted in a high speed rail corporation (thereinafter referred to as the Corporation) in Taiwan so as to demonstrate how the migration of project system safety on the part of track works with the system assurance service rendered by Trackwork Contractors during the project phase to operational system safety was performed.
The storage of spermatozoa in the oviducal glands of western North Atlantic sharks

Spermatozoa stored in oviducal glands of sharks sampled off the North American east coast were revealed by viewing stained tissue sections using light microscopy. Of eleven species surveyed, sperm were found in nine:Alopias vulpinus, Lamna nasus, Carcharhinus obscurus, Carcharhinus plumbeus, Galeocerdo cuvieri, Prionace glauca, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, Sphyrna lewini andSphyrna tiburo. Three insemination patterns are proposed to account for differences noted in these findings: (1) non-storage/immediate insemination for sharks such asLamna nasus; (2) short-term storage/delayed insemination as found in sharks in which ovulation is prolonged over weeks or months such asRhizoprionodon terraenovae, and (3) long-term storage/repeated insemination, a characteristic of nomadic sharks such asPrionace glauca andCarcharhinus obscurus which can store sperm in specialized tubules for months to years.
KINETIC ACIDITIES OF SOME HYDROCARBONS BY TRITIUM NMR

Exchange rates in cyclohexylamine-N-3H catalyzed by cesium cyclohexylamide were determined by 3H NMR for the vinyl positions of 3,3-dimethyl-l-butene (1-trans>1-cis>2-) and the cyclopropyl methylene positions of norcarane (exo>endo) relative to the ring position of p-xylene. The kinetic acidity of cubane was confirmed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adenomatous endocervical hyperplasia resulting in myxometra

1. Atienza, M. F., Burkman, R. T., Wight, D. J,, and King, T. M.: Ultrasonography in the management of induced abortion, in Sanders, R. C., and James, A. E., Jr., editors: Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York, 1977, Appleton-Century-Crofts, pp. 123-133. 2. Stone, M., and Elder, M. G.: Evaluation of sonar in the prediction of complications after vaginal termination of pregnancy, AM. J. OBSTET. GYNECOL. 12:890, 1974.
Reduction of 13-Hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic Acid by Dopamine-Melanin

The effect of dopamine-melanin (DA-melanin), synthetic model of neuromelanin, on the stability of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE) has been investigated using a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. It was found that DA-melanin effectively accelerated the decomposition of 13-HPODE, both in the absence and in the presence of ferrous ions. The disappearance of 13-HPODE was accompanied by the formation of 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE). The results obtained indicate that DA-melanin is able to reduce linoleic acid hydroperoxide to its stable hydroxyl derivative. The fatty acid hydroperoxide-reducing ability of DA-melanin appears to play an important role in the antioxidative activity of neuromelanin in the process of lipid peroxidation.
Interracial Contact and Black Racial Attitudes: The Contact Hypothesis and Selectivity Bias

Les AA. s'efforcent d'etudier les biais qui peuvent intervenir dans les echantillonnage concernant les enquetes sur le lien entre contact interracial et attitude raciale. Ils reconnaissentt que, dans ce domaine, on peut statistiquement surevaluer les individus qui ne manifestent aucun prejuge racial. Ils s'attachent a evaluer ce biais et dans ce but elaborent un modele utilisant la methode d'analyse regressive pour evaluer l'effet des relations interraciales en ce qui concerne l'attitude raciale. Ils evaluent ce type de modele a partir de donnees tirees de l'Enquete Nationale sur les Noirs Americains. Ils ne parviennent pas a isoler la moindre source de biais en ce qui concerne l'echantillonnage en matiere de mesure de l'impact des contacts interraciaux sur les attitudes raciales. Ils estiment qu'il faut considerer ces contacts comme une variable exogene qui affecte ce type d'attitude
Selected pharmacological studies of a series of substituted imidazo(4,5-d)pyridazines

A general pharmacological screening program was applied to a series of 10 substituted imidazo(4,5-d)pyridazine compounds. All of the compounds produced depression of spontaneous activity in rats, and six of the compounds produced significant lengthening of hexobarbital “sleeping times”. In addition, two of the compounds produced a partial reversal of reserpine hypothermia, measured by a rectal temperature monitoring apparatus, and seven of the compounds produced significant inhibition of monoamine oxidase using a Warburg apparatus. One compound produced monoamine oxidase inhibition when a spectrophotometric assay was employed.
Free oscillations in an anisotropic earth: path-integral asymptotics

Summary We derive expressions for the influence of seismic anisotropy on the coupling of free oscillations using the Born approximation. By rotating to epicentral coordinates, the angular part of the coupling integrals can be approximated, in the limit of smooth structure, by an integral over the source-receiver great circle. To illustrate asymptotic coupling relationships, we examine a simplified case, in which the fourth-order elastic tensor Λαβγδ has an axis of symmetry ŵ of fixed orientation along the source-receiver great circle. In the path-integral formulation, mode-mode interaction satisfies a set of selection rules based on the angular degrees l1, l2 of the modes and the wavenumber s of elastic perturbation along the path. The familiar odd/even-parity selection rules for isotropic structure are a subset of these rules. If the elastic tensor is rotated to generalized spherical coordinates in an epicentral frame of reference, its components become complex-valued. Spheroidal-spheroidal and toroidal-toroidal coupling is dominated by Reαβγδ Spheroidal-toroidal coupling is dominated by ImΛαβγδ For simple cos 2η azimuthal velocity variations with a horizontal axis of symmetry ŵ, mixed-type coupling via ImΛαβγδ is maximal if ŵ is 45° to the propagation path. This agrees with full coupled-mode computations of long-period Love-Rayleigh scattering. Several terms in the elastic tensor Λαβγδ are non-zero only for a tilted axis of symmetry, and have distinct selection rules. Using the leading-order asymptotics for Legendre functions, coupling for smoothly varying structure is predicted to be small unless s= |l1–l2|. For coupling between like-type modes along a single dispersion branch, tomographic ‘source shifts’, focusing, and refraction effects can be identified.
The effects of feeding time on milk production, total-tract digestibility, and daily rhythms of feeding behavior and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows.

The timing of feed intake entrains circadian rhythms regulated by internal clocks in many mammals. The objective of this study was to determine if the timing of feeding entrains daily rhythms in dairy cows. Nine Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 14-d periods. An automated system recorded the timing of feed intake over the last 7 d of each period. Treatments were feeding 1×/d at 0830 h (AM) or 2030 h (PM) and feeding 2×/d in equal amounts at 0830 and 2030 h. All treatments were fed at 110% of daily intake. Cows were milked 2×/d at 0500 and 1700 h. Milk yield and composition were not changed by treatment. Daily intake did not differ, but twice-daily feeding tended to decrease total-tract digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). A treatment by time of day interaction was observed for feeding behavior. The amount of feed consumed in the first 2 h after feeding was 70% greater for PM compared with AM feeding. A low rate of intake overnight (2400 to 0500 h; 2.2 ± 0.74% daily intake/h, mean ± SD) and a moderate rate of intake in the afternoon (1200 to 1700 h; 4.8 ± 1.1% daily intake/h) was noted for all treatments, although PM slightly reduced the rate during the afternoon period compared with AM. A treatment by time of day interaction was seen for fecal NDF and indigestible NDF (iNDF) concentration, blood urea nitrogen, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, body temperature, and lying behavior. Specifically, insulin increased and glucose decreased more after evening feeding than after morning feeding. A cosine function within a 24-h period was used to characterize daily rhythms using a random regression. Rate of feed intake during spontaneous feeding, fecal NDF and iNDF concentration, plasma glucose, insulin, NEFA, body temperature, and lying behavior fit a cosine function within a 24-h period that was modified by treatment. In conclusion, feeding time can reset the daily rhythms of feeding and lying behavior, core body temperature, fecal NDF and iNDF concentration, and plasma blood urea nitrogen, glucose, and insulin concentration of dairy cows, but has no effect on daily DMI and milk production.
GEOLOGY OF THE CLAY DEPOSITS IN PARTS OF WASHINGTON AND IDAHO1

The clay deposits of eastern Washington and northern Idaho are along the eastern edge of the Columbia River Plateau physiographic province. Three types of clay occur in the area: (a) residual clay derived from the Columbia River basalt of Tertiary age; (b) residual clay derived from the Cretaceous granodiorite and related intrusive rocks of the Idaho batholith; and (c) transported clay. The two types of residual clay were formed during a protracted lull in the outpouring of the Columbia River basalt, when the relief of land surface was low to moderate and the climate was warm and humid. The topography and climate during this interval were probably ideal for leaching and oxidation. The transported clay is chiefly a product of the weathered granodiorite and related intrusive rocks. Most of it accumulated in basins formed by damming of streams by basalt flows.
Memory performance and use of a compensation after traumatic brain injury

Abstract Fifty-seven traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients were compared to fifty-five age and education-matched normal controls on a memory paired associate task. The TBI patients showed worse memory performance and longer study times than controls. There was no difference between the groups in the frequency of using a pencil and paper compensation to perform the task. Controls who used a compensation tended to perform at a higher level, but this was not true for TBI patients. Failure to benefit immediately from a compensation may help explain why some TBI patients resist using them during neuropsychological rehabilitation.
Geochemistry of high-pressure granulites from the Pan-African Dahomeyide orogen, West Africa: constraints on the origin and composition of the lower crust

Major and trace element concentrations in high-pressure (HP) mafic granulites which mark the suture zone of the Pan-African Dahomeyide orogen have been determined. The data suggest that the HP granulites may have preserved the geochemical imprints of their magmatic protoliths where: (i) rocks characterized by island arc tholeiitic (IAT) imprints predominate, and (ii) those with oceanic crust (N-MORB) imprints occur but are subordinate. Rocks with eclogitic mineral assemblages tend to have MORB imprints. We interpret the association of IAT rocks with those having MORB compositions as evidence for a Pan-African subduction zone where arc-related oceanic crust formed either in back-arc or intra-arc basins. The HP granulites display trace element patterns that are very similar to mafic lower crust (LC) composition such as: (i) nearly identical concentrations of Ti, Mn and P, (ii) strong depletions in Cs, Rb, K and Th, and (iii) enrichment in Ba, Ta and Sr. But the HP granulites also differ from LC in that (i) rocks with IAT imprints show peculiar LREE enrichment with flat (La/Sm)N, (ii) those with oceanic crust geochemical signatures are slightly depleted in LREE and have low (La/Yb)N relative to LC, and (iii) they show no Eu anomaly. The data suggest that the Dahomeyide suture zone rocks may represent accessible LC formed by HP metamorphism of subduction zone basalts.