cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved patient access and outcomes with the integration of an eConsult program (teledermatology) within a large academic medical center.

Background Insurance, racial, and socioeconomic health disparities continue to pose significant challenges for access to dermatologic care. Studies applying teledermatology to increase access to underinsured individuals and ethnic minorities are limited. Objective To determine how the implementation of a teledermatology program affects access to health care and patient outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional evaluation was performed of all ambulatory dermatology referrals and electronic dermatology consultations (eConsults) at Ohio State University within a 25-month period. Results Compared with ambulatory referrals, eConsults served more nonwhite patients (612 of 1698 [36.0%] vs 4040 of 16,073 [25.1%]; P Conclusion Integrating dermatologic care through a telemedicine system can result in improved access for underserved patients through improved efficiency outcomes.
Quantized Compressive Sampling of Stochastic Gradients for Efficient Communication in Distributed Deep Learning.

In distributed training of deep models, the transmission volume of stochastic gradients (SG) imposes a bottleneck in scaling up the number of processing nodes. On the other hand, the existing methods for compression of SGs have two major drawbacks. First, due to the increase in the overall variance of the compressed SG, the hyperparameters of the learning algorithm must be readjusted to ensure the convergence of the training. Further, the convergence rate of the resulting algorithm still would be adversely affected. Second, for those approaches for which the compressed SG values are biased, there is no guarantee for the learning convergence and thus an error feedback is often required. We propose Quantized Compressive Sampling (QCS) of SG that addresses the above two issues while achieving an arbitrarily large compression gain. We introduce two variants of the algorithm: Unbiased-QCS and MMSE-QCS and show their superior performance w.r.t. other approaches. Specifically, we show that for the same number of communication bits, the convergence rate is improved by a factor of 2 relative to state of the art. Next, we propose to improve the convergence rate of the distributed training algorithm via a weighted error feedback. Specifically, we develop and analyze a method to both control the overall variance of the compressed SG and prevent the staleness of the updates. Finally, through simulations, we validate our theoretical results and establish the superior performance of the proposed SG compression in the distributed training of deep models. Our simulations also demonstrate that our proposed compression method expands substantially the region of step-size values for which the learning algorithm converges.
Metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with glucocorticoid resistance in pregnant African-American women

Glucocorticoid resistance (GR) is associated with exposure to chronic stress and an increased risk of metabolic and inflammatory disorders in both animal and human populations. Studies on ethnic disparities highlight the African-American (AA) population as having a high propensity to both GR and chronic stress exposure. Glucocorticoids and inflammation play a very important role in pregnancy outcome and fetal development. To date, however, the metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with GR during pregnancy have not been identified, obscuring the mechanisms by which adverse health consequences arise, and thus impeding targeted therapeutic intervention. The objective of this study was to perform untargeted high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) profiling on 273 pregnant AA women, to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with GR during the first trimester of pregnancy and to evaluate their cross-sectional association with birth outcomes and psychosocial variables related to chronic stress exposure. For this study, GR was determined by the concentration of dexamethasone required for 50% inhibition (Dex IC50) of the cytokine tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release in vitro in response to a standard dose of lipopolysaccharide. The results for Metabolome-Wide Association Studies (MWAS) and pathway enrichment analysis for serum metabolic associations with Dex IC50, showed energy (nicotinamide and TCA cycle), amino acid, and glycosphingolipid metabolism as top altered pathways. Bioinformatic analysis showed that GR, as indicated by elevated Dex IC50 in the pregnant women, was associated with increased inflammatory metabolites, oxidative stress related metabolites, increased demand for functional amino acids to support growth and development, and disruption in energy-related metabolites. If confirmed in future studies, targeting these physiologically significant metabolites and metabolic pathways may lead to future assessment and intervention strategies to prevent inflammatory and metabolic complications observed in pregnant populations.
Rationale for Feminist Bibliography

This essay posits a framework of shared identity and practice for feminist bibliographers, book historians, and textual scholars. Feminist bibliographyis positioned as the use of bibliographic methodologies to revise how book history and related fields categorize and analyze women’s texts and labor. The opening section of the essay quantitatively analyzes book history companions, readers, and introductions to establish a baseline for how the field functions as a practice and discourse. The second section then analyzes the version of bibliography that has been canonized in book history, identifies how book history has explicitly favored a version of bibliography that is antagonistic to feminist work, and proposes a feminist narrative of bibliography that can and should be incorporated as the foundation for studies of the material book. The last section puts a feminist framework into practice and searches for women’s contributions to bibliographic labor in the Anglo-American world. It offers a new set of founders in bibliography and challenges contemporary bibliographers and book historians to re-evaluate on whom we place importance, how we define interpretive scholarship, and how we construct our discourse.
Stability Analysis and Controller Design of MMC Considering Control Delay

In a modular multilevel converter (MMC) working as a rectifier, digital controllers are widely adopted and usually have three control loops: an inner ac current loop, an outer dc voltage loop, and a circulating current suppression loop. The main design constraint on these control loops is the control delay, which may cause system instability. A few previous papers have analyzed this issue, but only MMC inverter with circulating current proportional integral (PI) control was investigated. In this paper, the generation mechanism of control delay in each control loop of an MMC rectifier is analyzed. Small-signal loop gain models for all the three loops are developed. Based on the control loop models, design cases are examined, and a delay compensation scheme is implemented as an example. Both simulations and experiments validate the effectiveness of the analytical models.
Racism Is Not Enough: Minority Coalition Building in San Francisco, Seattle, and Vancouver

Scholars have long argued that the marginalized racial status shared by ethnic minority groups is a strong incentive for mobilization and coalition building in the United States. However, despite their members’ shared racial status as “Orientals,” different types of housing coalitions were formed in the Chinatowns of San Francisco, Seattle, and Vancouver during the 1960s and 1970s. Asian race-based coalitions appeared in San Francisco and Seattle, but not in Vancouver, where a cross-racial coalition was built between the Chinese and southern and eastern Europeans. Drawing on exogenous shocks and process tracing, this article explains how historical legacies—specifically, the political geography of settlement—shaped this divergence. These findings demonstrate how long-term historical analysis offers new insights into the study of minority coalition formation in the United States.
Sleepless in a pandemic: a medical student's perspective.

Citation:Deutsch R, Ehsan Z. Sleepless in a pandemic: a medical student’s perspective. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(4):867–868.
Mindfulness as a mediator and moderator in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and depression

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with a variety of negative physical and psychological health outcomes. The mechanisms by which this occurs and potential protective factors present in this relationship are understudied. Mindfulness is a cognitive resource that may protect individuals against symptoms of psychological distress. It has five core facets and encourages a nonjudgmental acceptance of the present moment. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of mindfulness in the relationship between ACEs and depression, both as a mediator and as a moderator, or protective factor. We hypothesized that the aware, describe, and non-judgement facets of mindfulness would be key factors in both sets of analyses. Participants at a university (N = 279) were given the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale (ACES), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) to measure depression. Results indicated that the describe CI [.02, .11], aware CI [.05, .17], and non-judgement CI [.06, .18] facets of mindfulness significantly mediated the relationship between ACEs and depression. Additionally, the aware facet of mindfulness was also a significant moderator in this relationship, [t (interaction) = −3.22, p < 0.01], such that individuals with a high level of awareness had no increase in depression even as the number of ACEs increased. Negative cognitions associated with ACEs may harm one’s ability to effectively describe their feelings and to be fully aware of the present moment, which may contribute to symptoms of depression. Implications for mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are discussed.
Harmonisation of Government Audits in the People’s Republic of China

The National Audit Office of the People's Republic of China issued thirty eight auditing standards and guidelines on 1 January 1997. This was the culmination of a variable historical development during which audit activity was either emphasized or downplayed altogether. With the open door policy and the socialist market economy, audit is again very much back on the agenda. Audit independence is a cornerstone of this great auditing leap forward, and CPA firms are in a supporting role. There is a need to train up auditors to assume their role of responsibility in an economy which has huge growth potential, and which excites world-wide interest.
Endoscopy in the Intensive Care Unit

During the past three decades, the technology of endoscopy has led to sophisticated optics and simple-to-use devices that are practical for use in critically ill patients. The upper airway, lung, and gastrointestinal passageways are accessible by endoscopy. In the intensive care unit, endoscopy is commonly performed for therapeutic reasons and for diagnostic purposes. This chapter reviews the indications, contraindications, techniques, and complications of laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and gastrointestinal endoscopy in critically ill patients.
Preoperative CA 19‐9 kinetics as a prognostic variable in radiographically resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Background and Objectives Serial levels of CA 19-9 are correlated with treatment response and survival; however, little is known about CA 19-9 kinetics in the absence of therapy. We hypothesize that preoperative CA 19-9 kinetics predict rate of resectability as well as survival. Methods Retrospective review of 72 patients with radiographically resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma with two pre-operative CA 19-9 levels prior to planned pancreaticoduodenectomy. Primary outcome measures were resectability and overall survival. Results Forty-seven out of 72 patients (65%) had resectable disease. Unresectable patients had higher absolute change in CA 19-9 than patients with resectable disease (97 U/ml vs. −34 U/ml) as well as higher rate of change (4 U/ml/day vs. −1 U/ml/day). Receiver operating characteristic curves identified predictive thresholds for absolute (≥50 U/ml) and rate of CA 19-9 change (≥1 U/ml/day) that accurately identified unresectable patients. Survival analysis revealed that a change in CA 19-9 <50 U/ml and a rate of change <1 U/ml/day predicted improved survival (P = 0.04, P = 0.02); however, for patients with resectable disease, CA 19-9 changes did not predict survival. Conclusions Preoperative kinetics of CA 19-9 predict resectable disease for pancreatic cancer. These variables also predict overall survival; however, these do not predict survival for those with resectable disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:293–298. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Introduction to Geopolitics

According to Colin Flint, students, academics, and everyday citizens are “all geopoliticians.” Through our interactions with one another, “we recreate our own national and state structures” (p. 212...
Total and Methyl Hg in Sediment Adjacent to Offshore Platforms of the Gulf of Mexico

Distribution of total Hg and methyl Hg in surface sediment with distance from the three legs of two offshore oil production platforms was studied. Concentration of both total Hg and methyl Hg decreased with distance (0 to 800 m) from two platforms. Average methyl Hg content in sediment near the platform was 1.15 ppb, decreasing to 0.44 at 800 m. Average total Hg content in surface sediment measured at the two platforms was 63.40 ppb, decreasing to 29.45 at 800 m. The mercury level paralleled decrease in sediment organic matter with distance from the platform. Results of this study showed low levels of mercury in vicinity of the platform. Increased methyl Hg was likely associated with the higher organic matter content of sediment near the platform rather than mercury levels in sediment.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy in Hyaline Membrane Disease: Massive Thrombosis Following Umbilical Artery Catheterization

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in the newborn infant has received increasing attention in recent months1,2. In the cases reported so far it occurs in the very sick newborn, including those with hyaline membrane disease and intra-uterine infections, such as rubella, cytomegalic inclusion disease, and herpes simplex. The majority of the cases reported have been associated with severe hyaline membrane disease although the cause of the coagulation defect is not yet clear. Failure to recognize the coagulation defect in the past is probably due to inadequate coagulation studies. The present management of hyaline membrane disease is based on the assumption that adequate ventilation is essential for the child9s survival.
Fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo method for lithium systems

We study lithium systems over a range of a number of atoms, specifically atomic anion, dimer, metallic cluster, and body-centered-cubic crystal, using the fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo method. The focus is on analysis of the fixed-node errors of each system, and for that purpose we test several orbital sets in order to provide the most accurate nodal hypersurfaces. The calculations include both core and valence electrons in order to avoid any possible impact by pseudopotentials. To quantify the fixed-node errors, we compare our results to other highly accurate calculations, and wherever available, to experimental observations. The results for these Li systems show that the fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo method achieves accurate total energies, recovers $96--99\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}%$ of the correlation energy, and estimates binding energies with errors bounded by $0.1 \mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{at}$.
Once is Not Enough: Former Special Educators Who Return to Teaching

This research examines the career paths of 2,700 former special educators to see whether they returned to the public schools; the results are based on longitudinal data (13 years) on all special educators in Michigan public schools hired between 1972 and 1985. Analyses focus on teachers' decisions as they faced two key turning points—whether to reenter the schools, and if so, how long to stay during this second spell. An estimated 34% of the former Michigan special educators reentered a Michigan classroom within 5 years of leaving, and an estimated 58% of these stayed for more than 7 years. I conclude that a return to teaching after a brief interruption may be a common career path, and the pool of former special educators is a viable source of teacher supply.
Using Program Transformation, Annotation, and Reflection to Certify a Java Type Resolution Function

In Java, type resolution is a function that takes a reference to a type occurring in a given context as input, and returns the canonical form of that type. This information is fundamental to static analysis - a "must have" function underlying virtually all forms of semantic-based analysis. In the case of Java, this function is also complex and it is quite common to encounter tools where it is implemented incorrectly. This paper presents a novel approach for certifying the correctness of a given type resolution function with respect to an arbitrary Java source code base. The approach uses program transformation to instrument a subject code base in such a way that reflection can then be used to certify the correctness of the type resolution function against the function used by the Java compiler. In this form of certification, the type resolution function of the Java compiler serves as the test oracle.
Pliocene-Pleistocene Boundary, Northern Gulf of Mexico

Changes in planktonic microfossil assemblages in Atlantic and Pacific sediment cores of Late Cenozoic age correspond in a general way with a horizon recognized in neritic sediments of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Geological evidence from the Gulf Coast indicates that the changes occurred near theend of the Aftonian interglaciation of the early Pleistocene rather than atthe end of the Pliocene, as proposed by other investilgators.
A method of purification of partially methylated alditol acetates in the methylation analysis of glycoproteins and glycopeptides

Abstract A method for methylation analysis of intact glycoproteins is described. Starting with intact glycoprotein, the oligosaccharides are methylated, hydrolyzed, reduced, and acetylated. The partially methylated alditol acetates are then separated from noncarbohydrate contaminants on a silica gel G column. Partially methylated hexitol acetates are eluted from the column with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (1:1, v v ) and partially methylated N-acetylhexosaminitol acetates are subsequently eluted with methanol. Analysis by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of the partially methylated alditol acetates shows no interfering contaminants. This method circumvents the need to make pronase glycopeptides and avoids the pitfalls of other methylation procedures.
Mapping of the ARIX homeodomain gene to mouse chromosome 7 and human chromosome 11q13

The recently described homeodomain protein ARIX is expressed specifically in noradreneric cell types of the sympathetic nervous system, brain, and adrenal medulla. ARIX interacts with regulatory elements of the genes encoding the noradrenergic biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine {beta}-hydroxylase, suggesting a role for ARIX in expression of the noradrenergic phenotype. In the study described here, the mouse and human ARIX genes are mapped. Using segregation analysis of two panels of mouse backcross DNA, mouse Arix was positioned approximately 50 cM distal to the centromere of chromosome 7, near Hbb. Human ARIX was positioned through analysis of somatic cell hybrids and fluorescence in situ hybridization of human metaphase chromosomes to chromosome 7, near Hbb. Human ARIX was positioned through analysis of somatic cell hybrids and fluorescence in situ hybridization of human metaphase chromosomes to chromosome 11q13.3-q13.4. These map locations extend and further define regions of conserved synteny between mouse and human genomes and identify a new candidate gene for inherited developmental disorders linked to human 11q13.
Recent Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Trichotillomania.

Trichotillomania (TTM), or chronic hair pulling, is associated with significant levels of distress and impairment. While research is in its infancy, more data are accumulating regarding the impact, phenomenology, maintaining variables, etiology, and treatment of TTM. Behavior therapy and clomipramine have been moderately effective in reducing TTM symptoms in clinical trials. Enhancing behavior therapy with techniques designed to address TTM patients’ emotional control tendencies (e.g., acceptance-based procedures) represents a promising direction in treating TTM.
TU-A-BRC-08: Impact of Deformable Image Registration on Determining Phenotype Correlations through the Course of Therapy

Purpose: Image registration is important for determining correlations of tumor phenotypes to assess and to modify biologically‐guided therapies. Such correlations may vary significantly with different registration algorithms. The sensitivity of phenotype correlations to rigid versus deformable registrations was investigated. Methods: PET/CT images often canine patients with sinonasal cancer were acquired using [F‐18]FDG, [F‐ 18]FLT, and [Cu‐61]Cu‐ATSM prior to and 2–3 fractions into radiotherapy. Post‐treatment FDG‐PET/CT images were acquired 3 months after therapy. CTimages were registered to the planning CT using rigid and fast‐free‐form deformable registrations. The resulting transformations/deformation fields were applied to corresponding PET images. Correlation coefficients between FDG, FLT, Cu‐ATSM were calculated over the GTV at different imaging timepoints (pre:pre, pre:mid, and pre:post treatment). Paired t‐test and the relative differences of Pearson's R were used to investigate the sensitivity of the phenotype correlations to rigid and deformable registrations. Results: The difference between rigid and deformable registrations for pre:pre (Diff=2%, p>0.05) and pre:mid (Diff=−6%, p>0.05) phenotype correlations was insignificant. However, pre:pre phenotype correlations were observed to be very sensitive in dogs with osteoscarcinoma (Diff= 46%) or small tumors (Diff=−20%) due to errors in bony deformations and partial volume effects. Despite not reaching statistical significant, the relative difference in pre:post [18F]FDG correlation of more than −50% indicated that the correlation is very sensitive to registration algorithms. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that canine sinonasal tumors do not deform severely in the early treatment, while substantial variation between the registration algorithms was observed in pre:post phenotype correlation. Therefore, rigid registration is sufficient for determining the phenotype correlations in early treatment assessment. Deformable registration should be considered for correlations with the post‐ treatment imaging data. Future works include repeating the study on human patients and using different deformable registration algorithms to fully investigate the sensitivity of phenotype correlations.
ZM336372, A Raf-1 Activator, Inhibits Growth of Pheochromocytoma Cells

Background Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for patients with pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other catecholamine-producing tumors. Patients with metastatic disease can often have significant symptoms associated with catecholamine excess. Activation of the Raf-1/MEK/ERK1/2 pathway has been shown to inhibit growth and hormone production for neuroendocrine tumors (NE) such as carcinoid and medullary thyroid cancer. However, the role of the Raf-1/MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in pheochromocytomas is unknown. Materials and methods Pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells were treated with varying concentrations of ZM336372, a pharmacologic Raf-1 activating drug. Levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and the NE marker Chromogranin A (CgA) were determined by Western blot. Cellular growth was measured by MTT cell-proliferation assay. Results At baseline, PC-12 cells had very little phosphorylated ERK1/2, similar to other NE tumors. Treatment of PC-12 cells with increasing dosages of ZM336372 resulted in increased phosphorylated ERK1/2. Importantly, ZM336372 inhibited pheochromocytoma cellular proliferation. Furthermore, Raf-1 pathway activation by ZM336372 was associated with suppression of NE marker, CgA, by the tumor cells. Conclusions These data suggest that Raf-1/MEK/ERK1/2 pathway activation may be a novel strategy to treat pheochromocytoma and other catecholamine-producing tumors. In pheochromocytoma cells, ZM336372 blocks cellular proliferation and suppresses NE vasoactive peptide production. Thus, ZM336372 may be used for both therapeutic and palliative treatment for patients with pheochromocytomas.
Microstructure and magnetic properties of Sm(CobalFexCu0.128Zr0.02)7.0 magnets with Fe substitution

Abstract The effect of Fe substitution on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Sm(CobalFexCu0.128Zr0.02)7.0 magnets was systematically studied. With increasing Fe content (x=0–0.25), the cellular structure changes from a fine inhomogeneous (the average cell size is 25 nm.) to a larger but uniform cell size (120 nm), and finally to coarse and inhomogeneous (180 nm). The coercivity gradually increases reaching an optimal value of 30 kOe with x=0.2, and then drops sharply with further Fe increase. These results suggest that Fe mainly goes into the 2 : 17R structure and stabilizes the phase. The addition of a certain amount of Fe is necessary to develop a uniform cellular with a larger cell size and thus a high coercivity. The excessive addition of Fe hinders the transformation of 2 : 17R to 2 : 17H structure during a solid solution and leads to the disappearance of the cellular microstructure and deterioration of coercivity.
Asymptotics in the random assignment problem

We show that, in the usual probabilistic model for the random assignment problem, the optimal cost tends to a limit constant in probability and in expectation. The method involves construction of an infinite limit structure, in terms of which the limit constant is defined. But we cannot improve on the known numerical bounds for the limit.
Sacred Space in the Ancient Near East

The focus of this article is to demonstrate how sacred space in the ancient Near East manifested itself, that is, how it was chosen and used; how it was differentiated from profane areas; and how viable it was for adaptation to socio-political and socio-religious changes. Due to the massive amount of available data on sacral places from ancient Anatolia, Egypt, Iran, Mesopotamia, and Syria-Palestine only selected examples of temples and/or sanctuaries are discussed in general, sparing the reader their detailed descriptions but setting them up within an appropriate cultural context.
Kinetic and equilibrium studies of acrylonitrile binding to cytochrome c peroxidase and oxidation of acrylonitrile by cytochrome c peroxidase compound I

Abstract Ferric heme proteins bind weakly basic ligands and the binding affinity is often pH dependent due to protonation of the ligand as well as the protein. In an effort to find a small, neutral ligand without significant acid/base properties to probe ligand binding reactions in ferric heme proteins we were led to consider the organonitriles. Although organonitriles are known to bind to transition metals, we have been unable to find any prior studies of nitrile binding to heme proteins. In this communication we report on the equilibrium and kinetic properties of acrylonitrile binding to cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) as well as the oxidation of acrylonitrile by CcP compound I. Acrylonitrile binding to CcP is independent of pH between pH 4 and 8. The association and dissociation rate constants are 0.32 ± 0.16 M −1 s −1 and 0.34 ± 0.15 s −1 , respectively, and the independently measured equilibrium dissociation constant for the complex is 1.1 ± 0.2 M. We have demonstrated for the first time that acrylonitrile can bind to a ferric heme protein. The binding mechanism appears to be a simple, one-step association of the ligand with the heme iron. We have also demonstrated that CcP can catalyze the oxidation of acrylonitrile, most likely to 2-cyanoethylene oxide in a “peroxygenase”-type reaction, with rates that are similar to rat liver microsomal cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of acrylonitrile in the monooxygenase reaction. CcP compound I oxidizes acrylonitrile with a maximum turnover number of 0.61 min −1 at pH 6.0.
What Have We Learned from Process Models of Conversion? An Examination of Ten Case Studies

Abstract Many attempts to understand the conversion process have been guided by Lofland and Stark's (1965) “process-model.” We examine ten case studies of the conversion process in diverse groups in order to specify the conditions under which the Lofland-Stark model applies. Several components of the model are rejected for conceptual reasons. Other components are to be found in some types of groups but not in others. Only “formation of affective bonds with group members” and “intensive interaction with group members” seem to be indispensible prerequisites for conversion. Thus, any group which is to successfully convert people must be structured so as to foster interaction among group members. Because there is no one process-model that can accurately account for all cases of conversion, the process-model approach should be abandoned in favor of “subjective” and “organizational” approaches to understanding conversion.
Mapping interactions between myosin relay and converter domains that power muscle function.

Intramolecular communication within myosin is essential for its function as motor, but the specific amino acid residue interactions required are unexplored within muscle cells. Using Drosophila melanogaster skeletal muscle myosin, we performed a novel in vivo molecular suppression analysis to define the importance of three relay loop amino acid residues (Ile508, Asn509, and Asp511) in communicating with converter domain residue Arg759. We found that the N509K relay mutation suppressed defects in myosin ATPase, in vitro motility, myofibril stability, and muscle function associated with the R759E converter mutation. Through molecular modeling, we define a mechanism for this interaction and suggest why the I508K and D511K relay mutations fail to suppress R759E. Interestingly, I508K disabled motor function and myofibril assembly, suggesting that productive relay-converter interaction is essential for both processes. We conclude that the putative relay-converter interaction mediated by myosin residues 509 and 759 is critical for the biochemical and biophysical function of skeletal muscle myosin and the normal ultrastructural and mechanical properties of muscle.
Women in academic administration

The major unit of analysis for this inquiry is doctoral dissertations on women in educational administration completed between January 1973 and January 1373. These studies have been located using the usual formal and informal bibliographic search procedures. However, the major strategy that has been used is a systematic search of Volumes 33-39 of Disse~tatoi: iL?str~~cts International. Titles of dissertations have been sought in the index under the following headings: educational administration. female, feminine, feminism, feminist, sex, sexism, sex-role, sexuality, woman and women. Any study that related to women administrators in any educational setting and at any level has been selected. The final sample, which represents a population of all available dissertations \;ritten between January 1973 and January 1979, consists of 114 studies.
Use of the faecal uric acid method in measuring the utilization of food by Tribolium confusum.

Abstract The use of faecal uric acid as an indicator gives accurate and reproducible estimates of the proportions of left-over food and faeces in a mixture left by Tribolium confusum larvae. The method was checked by comparing its results with those of careful manual separation of food and faeces, using both methods to determine the quantities of food consumed by the same insects during the same experiment. The uric acid method was then used to compare the utilization of diets consisting of cracked wheat, finely ground wheat, finely ground wheat plus 5 per cent brewer's yeast, and wheat germ alone. Wheat germ promotes a greater and more rapid weight gain than the other diets; largely because the wheat germ which is digested is used for growth twice as efficiently as is the digested portion of any of the other diets. Larvae provided with cracked wheat digest more of what they eat than do larvae provided with finely ground kernels from the same batch of wheat. Thus the difference in digestibility cannot be due to a difference in nutrient composition. We suggest that larvae provided with large particles may be able to feed selectively upon certain portions of the kernel.
Concentration and the second stage of labor: outcomes associated with the interactive metronome.

Objective To analyze the association between concentration, as measured by the Interactive Metronome, and a prolonged second stage of labor in nulliparous patients. Study Design From September 2008 to November 2009, nulliparous women at ≥34 weeks' gestation who were planning to use an epidural were asked to perform a 1-minute Interactive Metronome clapping test. Scores and demographic information were recorded. Data were then abstracted regarding each patient's labor course. The main outcome measure was the frequency of the second stage of labor exceeding 2 hours. Only patients with epidural anesthesia who completed the second stage of labor and did not require operative delivery performed for fetal indications prior to 2 full hours of pushing were included. Results Of the patients whose Interactive Metronome test scores were in the last quartile, which we associated with poor concentration, 52.9% (18/34) had a second stage of labor exceeding 2 hours compared with only 31.7% (33/104) of patients whose scores placed them in the first three quartiles (p = 0.026). Conclusion Nulliparous patients with poor concentration scores, as measured by the Interactive Metronome, were more likely to push greater than 2 hours in the second stage of labor.
Challenging the Educational Imaginary: Issues of Form, Substance, and Quality in Film-Based Research

This article addresses issues of quality in film-based educational research projects. It recommends criteria related to aesthetic form and substance as appropriate for judging the usefulness of edu...
Elevated plasma fibrinogen and diabetes mellitus are associated with lower inhibition of platelet reactivity with clopidogrel.

Elevated Plasma Fibrinogen and Diabetes Mellitus Are Associated With Lower Inhibition of Platelet Reactivity With ClopidogrelLawrence Ang, Vachaspathi Palakodeti, Ahmer Khalid, Sotirios Tsimikas, Z...
THE HIERARCHY OF CENTRAL FUNCTIONS WITHIN THE CITY

W HEN this survey was begun in 1952, it was, to my knowledge, the first attempt to use the central place concept for analyzing the pattern of central functions within the city. It was felt that such a study would strengthen the functional approach in urban geography. The methods which were used in the survey did also prove useful for solving practical problems of business location and city planning. Those problems led, as a matter of fact, to the initiation of the survey. Although this article is based on studies in one specific city-Zurich, Switzerland-it is expected that its approach, its methods and results will be of general interest to the urban geographer. The study aims at a qualitative presentation of the findings rather than at an exact quantitative record of data. The findings of the survey, as far as they were of interest to the general public, were printed in April, 1957, in the form of a series of articles in the leading newspaper of Zurich, the Neue Ziircher Zeitung.' Reviewing the literature concerning the central place concept, it is interesting to note how strongly the German-speaking geographers have concentrated their efforts on the external classification of settlements as central places, and also on the establishment of the relationship of these settlements to their service areas. They followed the lead given by Hassinger, Bobek, Christaller, and others. English-speaking, and other geographers as well, have made contributions to the external as well as to the internal functional analyses.2
Computer simulation of the error sensitivity of colorant mixtures

Computer simulation of colorant mixtures is employed in this study to investigate color sensitivity to composition errors in four-component blends. Color sensitivity as related to mixture composition is reported for concentration-dependent strength errors and for concentration-independent weighing errors. Color sensitivity to both types of errors varies regularly with the mixture-composition variables. A conclusion of the study is that predictable changes in the color sensitivity to composition errors are observed in different regions of colorant-mixture-composition space.
Meeting the Dark: Autobiography in Hawthorne's Unfinished Tales

This essay discusses the autobiographical implications of Nathaniel Hawthorne's last, unfinished tales. Biographical documents, as well as the tales, demonstrate that Hawthorne's personal condition shaped the characters and ideas in his fiction, particularly the aged protagonist, the meditations on old age and death, and the quest for immortality. The conflict between the moral vision in the tales and his personal attitude toward old age and death caused creative difficulties that he could not overcome.
Cancer-Preventive Selenocompounds Induce a Specific Redox Modification of Cysteine-Rich Regions in Ca2+- Dependent Isoenzymes of Protein Kinase C

Abstract Since protein kinase C (PKC) serves as a receptor for phorbol ester type tumor promoters and oxidants and has unique redox-active cysteine-rich regions, we have determined whether various chemopreventive selenocompounds could affect this enzyme. At lower concentrations, selenite decreased the kinase activity (IC 50 = 0.5 μ m ), while at higher concentrations it decreased phorbol ester binding. However, when the catalytic and regulatory domains of PKC were separated by proteolysis, the catalytic domain retained its sensitivity to selenite, while the regulatory domain lost its sensitivity. Cysteine residues were quantitated in PKC modified with selenite by using 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and also by using 2-nitro-5-thiosulfobenzoic acid after sulfitolysis. At lower concentrations, selenite induced a modification of four cysteine residues resulting in the formation of two disulfides, while at higher concentrations it induced a modification of seven to eight cysteine residues resulting in the formation of three to four disulfides. Contrary to selenite, selenocystine and selenodiglutathione (GSSeSG) readily inactivated the kinase activity, but not the phorbol ester binding. These two agents induced a two-stage modification of PKC; a limited modification at low concentrations leads to a loss of affinity for ATP, while an excessive modification at high concentrations leads to a loss of V max . Selenocystine and GSSeSG were 100,000-fold more potent than GSSG in inactivating PKC. The isoenzymes α, β, and γ exhibited an identical susceptibility to these selenocompounds. These results suggested that the cysteine residues present within the catalytic domain of these isoenzymes, although apart in the sequence, may be clustered in the tertiary structure to react with selenite, as well as may be in close proximity to some of the cysteines in the regulatory domain. Selenite did not affect protein kinase A, whereas GSSeSG and selenocystine inactivated the catalytic subunit after dissociation from the regulatory subunit at concentrations 100- and 800-fold, respectively, higher than that required for PKC inactivation. All three selenocompounds did not affect the activities of phosphorylase kinase and protein phosphatase 2A. Taken together, these results suggest that the accessible redox-active cysteine residues present in the PKC catalytic domain can react with certain specificity with redox-active selenocompounds such as selenite, selenocystine, and GSSeSG relative to other protein kinases tested.
Modeling reformulation using passage analysis

Query reformulation modifies the original query with the aim of better matching the vocabulary of the relevant documents, and consequently improving ranking effectiveness. Previous techniques typically generate words and phrases related to the original query, but do not consider how these words and phrases would fit together in new queries. In this paper, we focus on an implementation of an approach that models reformulation as a distribution of queries, where each query is a variation of the original query. This approach considers a query as a basic unit and can capture important dependencies between words and phrases in the query. The implementation discussed here is based on passage analysis of the target corpus. Experiments on the TREC collection show that the proposed model for query reformulation significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
The Effect of Angled Hammers on Wrist Motion

This research investigated the range of wrist motion characteristics associated with the ergonomic principle of “bending the tool and not the wrist” as applied to the hammer. It is thought that bending the tool reduces wrist motion, which has been shown in the literature to be a risk factor in hand/wrist disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, tenosynovitis, etc. Bent hammer handles resulted in a tradeoff in beginning and ending positions of the wrist throughout a hammering stroke. Bending the hammer handle to 20 or 40 deg. resulted in significantly less ulnar deviation than a straight hammer, but also increased radial deviation. Overall, the angular deviation from neutral position in the radial/ulnar plane was significantly less for the 20 and 40 deg. hammers than for the straight hammer. This research suggests that angled hammer handles in the range of 20 to 40 degrees could possibly decrease the incidence of hand/wrist disorders caused by the use of hammers.
Analysis of printing and writing papers by using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry

Abstract A quick and direct method for identifying organic components of papers in library and archival collections with minimal destructive sampling is needed for preservation, forensic, and general purposes. Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) is used for characterizing 16 reference papers of known manufacture in terms of their pulp composition and pitch contaminants. Unique mass spectra are obtained from bleached kraft, chemithermomechanical, and stone groundwood pulp papers in real time without extractions, derivatizations, chromatographic separations, and other time- and chemical-consuming sample preparations. Phytosteroids are volatilized from bleached hardwood kraft but not from bleached softwood kraft papers, which differentiates the two of them. The kraft papers are in turn differentiated from chemithermomechanical pulp papers by lignin-derived thermolyis products: syringyl products arise from hardwood, but guaiacyl and coumaryl products arise from softwood, chemithermomechanical pulp papers. Stone groundwood papers contain a number of extractives that are volatilized, which serve to differentiate them from all the other papers. Papers that contain rosin vs. alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) sizings are immediately differentiated. The DART-MS methodology is fast and simple, and the spectra are repeatable. Microsamples as small as ∼10 μg tweezed from the paper surface may be analyzed. These benchmark spectra are the prelude to further applications of DART-MS in paper research and the beginning of the development of a searchable library of DART-MS spectra of printing and writing papers by the Library of Congress.
Women and Rape

The author examines biblical law regarding rape and ultimately the value of women. She also points to the way in which Jesus dealt with women as an indication of his regard for their personhood. Successful evaluation and counseling of a rape victim requires the acknowledgement of the specific needs of the woman and essentially her basic identity as a woman and her role perception in our society.
Quantifying sedation satisfaction during bronchoscopy using the Bispectral Index

Sedation monitoring with the Bispectral Index (BIS) is uncommon during bronchoscopy but allows for a more objective measure of sedation; we hypothesized that higher BIS scores would correlate with lower patient satisfaction and that lower BIS scores (deep sedation) would result in better patient and physician satisfaction.
Botulinum Toxin Use in the Lower Urinary Tract

Botulinum toxins are well known for their ability to disrupt neurotransmission and cause muscle paralysis. Recently, urologists have discovered their beneficial effects in patients with neurogenic and overactive bladder conditions. This review is intended to provide a quick overview for urologists of the structure, function, and clinical uses of botulinum neurotoxin A in the lower urinary tract.
Antibody response to immunization with Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen-antibody complex.

Abstract 1. 1. Rabbits were immunized with Schistosoma mansoni egg-precipitate complex (EPC); with eggs incubated in normal human sera (NHS); with clean eggs alone; and with human circumoval positive sera (COS). 2. 2. Immunization with the antigen-antibody complex resulted in the development of antibodies against both the antigen (S. mansoni egg) and the antibody (human globulin) fractions of the complex. 3. 3. The antibodies formed in response to immunization with EPC however, possessed different biological and serological properties than the antibodies resulting from immunization with COS alone. These differences are visualized by the formation of extra bands of precipitation in agar-gel double diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis; and the highly specific affinity of anti-complex sera towards circumoval precipitate formed on eggs incubated in human COS. 4. 4. The interpretation given to these observations is that changes might have occurred in the antigenicity of the bound heterologous globulin fraction of the EPC as compared to the free globulin in COS. 5. 5. Mention is made of the possibility that homologous antibody may likewise be rendered antigenic following union with antigen, and of the significance such findings would have.
Wythoff's sequence and N-Heap Wythoff's conjectures

Define a Wythoff's sequence as a sequence of pairs of integers {(A"n,B"n)}"n">"n"""0 such that there exists a finite set of integers T, A"n=mex({A"i,B"i:i
Indicator equivalence theorem for input rates and regional masses in multi-inlet steady-state systems with partially labeled input

Bergner has derived for steady-state systems with fully labeled input: (a) the total input rate of traced substance, as the reciprocal of the time integral of specific activity per unit dose measured anywhere in the system; and (b) the mass of traced substance existing in any observable region within the system, as the product of the total input rate of traced substance and the time integral of the amount of tracer per unit dose in the region. These results are generalized to systems in which only part of the input rate is labeled. The relation between tracer sojourn time and mean transit time is derived. The parallelism between tracers (and traced substances) and foreign substances (and reference substances) is demonstrated. All results are derived from a relation, denoted the indicator equivalence theorem, between indicator (tracer or foreign substance) quantities measured in two experiments on the system: a finite injection experiment and a constant infusion experiment. This relation is derived by the convolution integral method which is applied between the input location and a local region of response inside the system. The indicator equivalence theorem permits an operational definition of any system parameter.