cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A special theory of biphasic mixtures and experimental results for human annulus fibrosus tested in confined compression.

annulus fibrosus using experimental data obtained from a confined compression protocol. Certain constitutive assumptions are introduced to derive a special mixture of an elastic solid and an inviscid fluid, and the constraint of intrinsic incompressibility is introduced in a manner that is consistent with results obtained for the special theory. Thirty-two annulus fibrosus specimens oriented in axial (n�16) and radial (n�16) directions were obtained from the middle-lateral portion of intact intervertebral discs from human lumbar spines and tested in a stress-relaxation protocol. Material constants are determined by fitting the theory to experimental data representing the equilibrium stress versus stretch and the surface stress time history curves. No significant differences in material constants due to orientation existed, but significant differences existed due to the choice of theory used to fit the data. In comparison with earlier studies with healthy annular tissue, we report a lower aggregate modulus and a higher initial permeability constant. These differences are explained by the choice of reference configuration for the experimental studies. �S0148-0731�00�01002-5�
Current opinion on computer-aided surgical navigation and robotics: role in the treatment of sports-related injuries.

Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) may allow surgeons to be more precise and minimally invasive, in addition to being an excellent research tool. Medical imaging, such as magnetic resonance and computed tomography is not only an important diagnostic tool, but also a necessary planning tool. In orthopaedic sports medicine, precision is needed when placing tunnels for soft tissue fixation of replacement grafts. Two types of CAS systems — passive and active — have been developed. Passive systems, or surgical navigation systems, provide the surgeon with additional information prior to and during the surgical procedure (in real time). Active systems have the ability of performing certain surgical steps autonomously. Both active and passive CAS systems are currently a subject of basic science and clinical investigations and will be discussed and commented on in this article. In summary, passive navigation systems can provide additional information to the surgeon and can therefore lead to more precise tunnel placement. Active robotic technology seems to be accurate and feasible with promising initial results from Europe. However, active and passive CAS can only be as precise as the surgeon who plans the procedure. Therefore, future studies have to focus on integrating, arthroscopy, 3-D image-enhanced computer navigation, and virtual kinematics, as well as to increase precision in surgical techniques.
Synthesis of the SV40 viral polypeptide Vp1 during infection.

Abstract The synthesis of simian virus 40, SV40, polypeptides in permissively infected cells was studied by a very sensitive method utilizing 125I-labeled antibodies to identify and quantitate polypepties immobilized in gels. The synthesis of Vp1 begins about 24 hr postinfection, with the majority of the Vp1 being found in the nucleus. Smaller quantities of several Vp1-related polypeptides are observed in highly purified virions. Two of these species, with apparent molecular weights of about 117,000 and 100,000, are also found in infected cells. They appear long after Vp1 synthesis has begun, at about 54 hr postinfection in nuclei and later, at about 95 hr postinfection, in the cytoplasm.
The role of food intake on gastric mucosal growth and gastrin receptors during pregnancy and lactation.

We examined the effects of pregnancy and lactation on mucosal growth and the numbers and affinity of gastrin receptors in the oxyntic gland mucosa in rats and compared these with changes in serum gastrin levels and food consumption. Gastric mucosal DNA, RNA, and protein contents were significantly increased during lactation. These changes were not observed in either pregnant or nonlactating rats which had given birth at the same time as the lactating animals. The gastrin-binding capacity of a membrane fraction of the oxyntic mucosa was also increased at the corresponding periods in lactating rats (Days 7, 15, 20). Scatchard plot analysis revealed that the number of gastrin receptors was significantly increased without any change in affinity. Food consumption and levels of serum gastrin remained unaltered in pregnant and non- lactating rats compared to virgin controls, but were significantly increased in lactating rats. Increased serum gastrin levels and gastrin binding capacities in lactating rats (Day 15) were abolished by preventing increased food consumption by means of pair feeding. The results demonstrate that the number of gastrin receptors in the oxyntic mucosa increases during lactation in rats. This increase is probably due to hypergastrinemia caused by increased food intake. The increased number of gastrin receptors may be involved in the mechanism of hypertrophic responses of the gastric mUCOSa in lactating rats. 0 1987 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
Effect of monochromatic ultraviolet light on macromolecular synthesis in Escherichia coli.

Abstract Tracer techniques were used to follow the synthesis of protein and nucleic acids in Escherichia coli , strains B and 15 T − , after the irradiation of exponentially growing cultures with monochromatic ultraviolet light (u.v.). DNA synthesis is most sensitive to u.v., the observed effect being a delay in the initiation of 32 P incorporation into DNA. Doses above 150 ergs/mm 2 at 2652 A result in cessation of DNA synthesis for a period greater than one normal division time. The incorporation of 35 S into protein and of 32 P into RNA is linear with time after u.v. doses which stop DNA synthesis. Protein synthesis is inhibited more than RNA synthesis, and the dose-effect curves indicate a higher multiplicity for the effect of u.v. on RNA synthesis than on protein synthesis. Action spectra for the effect of u.v. on protein synthesis and RNA synthesis are similar and follow a nucleic acid absorption spectrum. The implications of these results, especially of linear synthesis, are discussed.
Resolution measurement in structures derived from single particles

Analytical expressions are derived and computer simulations are presented to assess the accuracy of procedures commonly used to estimate the resolution of three-dimensional (3D) structures derived from images of single protein molecules or complexes. It is shown that in the case of a low signal-to-noise ratio in the images, the Fourier ring correlation between two structures, each calculated using one half of the data, significantly overestimates the resolution when the two half data sets were aligned against the same reference structure. The overestimate arises because of a correlation between the noise components present in the images. The correlation is introduced by the alignment and becomes more serious as the signal-to-noise ratio is reduced. A reliable resolution measure is only obtained when the two half data sets are aligned against two independent reference structures. It is further shown that the noise correlation also significantly affects the spectral signal-to-noise ratio and the Q factor, making them unreliable measures of signal present in a 3D structure and in the original images, respectively. It is concluded that the alignment of images is always accompanied by a correlation of the noise and that this correlation is indistinguishable from a correlation arising from a signal.
Increase in TCRγδ T lymphocytes in synovia from rheumatoid arthritis patients with active synovitis

To determine the relative presence of TCRγδ+ and TCRαβ+ T cells in synovial tissue from patients with various types of inflammatory synovitis and in tissues from patients with a number of chronic T cell-mediated conditions, we stained frozen tissue sections with monoclonal antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence assays. In tissues obtained from patients with chronic T cell-mediated granulomatous conditions (Wegener's granulomatosis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, granuloma annulare, Langerhan's cells granulomatosis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, Takayasu's arteritis, and talc granulomatosis), the T cells present were predominantly TCRαβ+, without an increased presence of TCRγδ+ cells. In contrast, 6 of 14 (43%) synovia from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) showed increased TCRγδ+ T cells (3–10 cells/hpf). The RA synovia with increased TCRγδ+ cells present had an increased tissue inflammation score compared to RA synovia with few TCRγδ+ cells [18.6±5.8 versus 11.6±4.2 (mean±SE),P<0.05]. In contrast, synovia from patients with osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and trauma did not show an increased presence of TCRγδ+ T cells. Thus, in cellular inflammatory infiltrates the presence of increased TCRγδ cells is not a component of noninfectious granulomatous inflammation but is found in approximately 40% of RA synovia with high levels of inflammation.
The Danger of Desire: Anal Sex and the Homo/Masculine Subject

Anal eroticism between men has been a recurrent focus in psychoanalytic theory for over a century. Many theorists conflate anal eroticism with danger, particularly danger to masculinity and male gender identity. Defensive resistance to aggressive penetration and fear of receptivity are repeatedly invoked to understand anal erotic excitement and actions. The author reviews numerous papers on this topic from a broad spectrum of psychoanalytic theories, including drive theory, queer theory, and relational psychoanalysis and seeks to expand the discourse on anal eroticism between men. Although danger and dangerousness may be an aspect of individual anal erotic experience, it is not an essential or obligatory aspect of it; its construction as dangerous restricts the meanings that anal sexuality can carry. This imposes a defensive function on anal erotic desire or marginalized identity upon the practitioner when this is unwarranted.
Phase dependence of track edge noise in MR head written overlapping tracks

Two dimensional distributions of track edge noise in partially overlapping tracks with various phase relationships were obtained using a time domain correlation technique. An additional read/write channel on the spin stand tester was required to generate an accurate trigger signal for controlling the phase of data tracks. The edge noise associated with the overwriting tracks was found to be dependent on their phases with respect to the overwritten tracks. Low edge noise was obtained when the two tracks are in phase, and high edge noise was obtained when they are out of phase.
Microbiome Data Distinguish Patients with Clostridium difficile Infection and Non-C. difficile-Associated Diarrhea from Healthy Controls

Antibiotic usage is the most commonly cited risk factor for hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infections (CDI). The increased risk is due to disruption of the indigenous microbiome and a subsequent decrease in colonization resistance by the perturbed bacterial community; however, the specific changes in the microbiome that lead to increased risk are poorly understood. We developed statistical models that incorporated microbiome data with clinical and demographic data to better understand why individuals develop CDI. The 16S rRNA genes were sequenced from the feces of 338 individuals, including cases, diarrheal controls, and nondiarrheal controls. We modeled CDI and diarrheal status using multiple clinical variables, including age, antibiotic use, antacid use, and other known risk factors using logit regression. This base model was compared to models that incorporated microbiome data, using diversity metrics, community types, or specific bacterial populations, to identify characteristics of the microbiome associated with CDI susceptibility or resistance. The addition of microbiome data significantly improved our ability to distinguish CDI status when comparing cases or diarrheal controls to nondiarrheal controls. However, only when we assigned samples to community types was it possible to differentiate cases from diarrheal controls. Several bacterial species within the Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroides, and Porphyromonadaceae were largely absent in cases and highly associated with nondiarrheal controls. The improved discriminatory ability of our microbiome-based models confirms the theory that factors affecting the microbiome influence CDI. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome, composed of the trillions of bacteria residing in the gastrointestinal tract, is responsible for a number of critical functions within the host. These include digestion, immune system stimulation, and colonization resistance. The microbiome's role in colonization resistance, which is the ability to prevent and limit pathogen colonization and growth, is key for protection against Clostridium difficile infections. However, the bacteria that are important for colonization resistance have not yet been elucidated. Using statistical modeling techniques and different representations of the microbiome, we demonstrated that several community types and the loss of several bacterial populations, including Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae, are associated with CDI. Our results emphasize the importance of considering the microbiome in mediating colonization resistance and may also direct the design of future multispecies probiotic therapies.
Can Four Hours Make a Difference? Evaluation of a Parent Education Program for Divorcing Parents

Abstract A three- to nine-month follow-up evaluation was conducted with a random sample of participants in a four-hour mandated parent education program for divorcing parents in a Southern state. The 345 respondents reported a reduction in nine of ten behaviors associated with putting children in the middle of their parents' conflicts but reported increased levels of conflict between parents from pre-class levels. Post-class evaluations by 9,876 participants revealed high levels of satisfaction with the program and a reduction in levels of resentment at being required to attend the class. The author makes recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of classes based on this and other research.
Effect of inter-vehicle communication on rear-end collision avoidance

One of the possible uses of short-distance car-to-car wireless communication is for broadcasting brake motivation. An equation for calculating delay time for safe breaking between vehicles is developed. Delay time is used as the criteria for evaluating the inter-vehicle communication effect on rear-end collision avoidance. Simulation results show that: with high communication percentage and wide communication range, the total number of collisions in the whole system will drop significantly.
Host and viral factors influencing heterosexual HIV transmission

The World Health Organization estimates that 28-30 million people have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although many important questions remain, much has been learned regarding the biology of heterosexual HIV transmission. For example, most sexual transmission of HIV is probably mediated by cell-free virus. Langerhans cells in the vaginal epithelium and dendritic cells or macrophages in the lamina propria are the most likely target cells in HIV transmission. Although there is restriction in the genotypes of viruses that are sexually transmitted, the common phenotypic characteristic of these viruses does not appear to be related to in vitro measures of tropism but rather to the relatively high in vivo replicative fitness of the transmitted viral variants. Clearly, host factors such as the amount of HIV-1 co-receptor expression on host cells and the presence of ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases affect the susceptibility of an individual to HIV infection. The growing body of information has increased the likelihood that a vaccine capable of preventing HIV-1 infection after exposure during sexual activity will be developed in the foreseeable future.
Names and Species of Ophiopogon Cultivated in the Southeastern United States

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Ruscaceae, Convallariaceae, Ophiopogonaceae, Liliaceae, morphology, ornamentals, ground covers, aztec grass, monkey grass, mondo grass, Liriope, Mondo SUMMARY. Species ofOphiopogon Ker-Gawl (aztec grass, monkey grass, mondo grass, and snake’s beard) are versatile, evergreen, grass-like perennials used in a variety of landscape situations. The nursery/landscape industry commonly recognizes the Ophiopogon species O. japonicus (Linn. f.) Ker-Gawl and O. plansicapus Nakai, with O. clarkei Hook. f., O. intermedius D. Don, O. graminifolius (L.) Wehrh., O. jaburan (Sieb.) Lodd., O. kansuensis Bat., and O. ohwii Okuyama available, but often misidentified and marketed under other names. Additional taxa are being introduced through botanic gardens and plant expeditions by horticulturists. A taxonomic treatment by the author of liriopogons cultivated in the southeastern United States had been in progress for nearly 15 years. Plants bearing the name O. graminifolius included additional misidentified species of Liriope Lour. and Ophiopogon. Plants bearing the name O. chingii Wang and Chang did not bear inflorescences, but vegetatively appear to be equivalent to O. graminifolius. Plants
Research on dynamic simulation of the resonance fault current limiter

The resonance fault current limiter (RFCL), which avoids the disadvantages of the series reactor, is feasible for EHV and UHV grid. To contribute to project application of the RFCL, and study its running characteristic and impact on relay protection, the dynamic simulation lab of State Grid simulation center carries out the research on simulation technique for RFCL. The principle and technical properties of RFCL applied in EHV power transmission line are analyzed. Considering the features of dynamic simulation system in the lab, the approach to choose parameters of simulation model and corresponding structural design are described. This simulation model has been connected into dynamic simulation system and the simulation experiments for inspecting the control and protection function of RFCL are performed. Experimental results show that the performances of the developed simulation model for RFCL can meet the design requirement, and can be applied in dynamic simulation tests and researches.
Knowledge and Beliefs of Early Childhood Education Students at Different Levels of Professional Preparation

The expansion of early childhood education programming has heightened the focus on teachers’ educational preparation and its role in providing high-quality services for young children. The interest in teachers’ education is especially relevant in early childhood since differentiated levels of preparation are commonly used in quality rating and improvement systems (QRIS) as a variable to distinguish differences in quality among programs. Levels of formal education are also used by early childhood programs for the hiring, placement, training, and promotion of teachers. Since little research has been conducted on early childhood students at different levels of professional preparation, the purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and beliefs of early childhood students at four levels of professional preparation commonly used in QRIS and early childhood teacher career ladders: 1) students working toward a Child Development Associate (CDA) credential; 2) students working on an associate’s degree ...
Is faster, better when teaching skills based management courses? A comparison of compressed and full-term course delivery methods

Th is study investigates students' self-perceptions of learning related to their participation in either a 3- or 15-week skill-based graduate coaching course. Th e results indicate students enrolled in the compressed course saw a signifi cant increase in their coaching skills from pre-test to post-test; students enrolled in the full-term did not see the same statistically signifi cant increase. Further, students in the compressed course had statistically signifi cant higher counseling and challenging skills than the full-term stu- dents. Th ese fi ndings are relevant to the debates surrounding the benefi ts accrued from obtaining an MBA.
DETECTING ADVERSE EVENTS IN SURGERY: COMPARING EVENTS DETECTED BY THE VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION SURGICAL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM AND THE PATIENT SAFETY INDICATORS

Abstract Background The Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) use administrative data to screen for select adverse events (AEs). In this study, VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) chart review data were used as the gold standard to measure the criterion validity of 5 surgical PSIs. Independent chart review was also used to determine reasons for PSI errors. Methods The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of PSI software version 4.1a were calculated among Veterans Health Administration hospitalizations (2003–2007) reviewed by VASQIP (n = 268,771). Nurses re-reviewed a sample of hospitalizations for which PSI and VASQIP AE detection disagreed. Results Sensitivities ranged from 31% to 68%, specificities from 99.1% to 99.8%, and positive predictive values from 31% to 72%. Reviewers found that coding errors accounted for some PSI-VASQIP disagreement; some disagreement was also the result of differences in AE definitions. Conclusions These results suggest that the PSIs have moderate criterion validity; however, some surgical PSIs detect different AEs than VASQIP. Future research should explore using both methods to evaluate surgical quality.
A low forward drop high voltage trench MOS barrier Schottky rectifier with linearly graded doping profile

A novel high voltage Schottky rectifier, called the graded doped trench MOS barrier Schottky (GD-TMBS) rectifier, is described in this paper. A linearly graded drift region doping profile is shown to result in a uniform electric field in the drift region, resulting in the ability to support blocking voltages proportional to the trench depth. Two-dimensional device simulations have shown that breakdown voltages of up to 200 V can be achieved with a very low forward drop of 0.54 V. The measured on-state drop of fabricated 60 V and 100 V GD-TMBS are about 30% less than those of conventional Schottky rectifiers. The reverse leakage currents of the GD-TMBS rectifiers are two orders of magnitude less when compared to the conventional Schottky barrier diode.
Tumor Suppressor PTEN is Mutated in Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Lines and Tumors

Canine osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines contain mutations that directly or indirectly inactivate the tumor suppressor genes p53 and retinoblastoma. Another important tumor suppressor, PTEN, is mutated in many human cancers. To determine whether inactivation of PTEN plays a role in the pathogenesis of canine OS, we studied its expression in canine OS cell lines and tumors. Four of five canine OS cell lines (CO2, C03, CO5, and CO7) constitutively express high levels of the phosphorylated form of Akt, an indirect indicator of aberrant PTEN expression. PTEN protein is essentially absent from three of these cell lines (CO2, CO5, and CO7), whereas C03 contains a potentially inactivating amino acid substitution in PTEN at codon 340. Genomic hybridization experiments indicate that CO2, CO5, and CO7 contain large deletions within the PTEN gene. Ten of 15 OS tumors exhibit variable or negative PTEN staining. Evaluation of a PTEN-negative staining tumor by Southern blotting indicates that the PTEN gene is deleted in this tumor. These results indicate that PTEN is mutated or downregulated in a high percentage of canine OS cell lines and tumors and likely plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
A High-Dimensional Immune Monitoring Model of HIV-1-Specific CD8 T Cell Responses Accurately Identifies Subjects Achieving Spontaneous Viral Control

Methods Here we describe the building of immune monitoring models based on interand intra-donor analysis of HIV-1specific CD8 T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion assessed at different time points after antigen stimulation. The discovery data set used to build a palette of immune monitoring models of HIV-1-specific CD8 T cell functions was generated on 26 controllers, 15 progressors and 23 ART-treated subjects. An independent cohort of 10 controllers and 10 progressors was investigated to validate our results. We used Area Under the Receiving Operating Characteristic curves (AUC) to assess the ability of individual variables to differentiate between controllers and non-controllers.
Concurrent sporadic parathyroid adenoma and carcinoma.

Because localizing studies for parathyroid disease do not detect all tumor foci, we advocate the use of routine localizing studies in combination with an intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay to help identify all diseased glands. This case highlights the difficulties in diagnosing and managing parathyroid disease. Advances in technologies have shown promise for accurate diagnosis and have been leading the field toward minimally invasive parathyroid surgery. However, parathyroid surgeons must have as part of their armamentarium the art of 4-gland exploration, which is still the gold standard of parathyroid surgery and should be used when the surgeon encounters a patient in whom none of the physiological tests seem applicable.
Accuracy of scatterometer-derived winds using the Cramer-Rao bound

A wind scatterometer makes measurements of the normalized radar-backscatter coefficient /spl sigma//spl deg/ of the ocean surface. To retrieve the wind, a geophysical model function (GMF), which relates /spl sigma//spl deg/ to the near-surface wind, is used. The wind vector can be estimated using maximum-likelihood techniques from several /spl sigma//spl deg/ measurements made at different azimuth angles. The probability density of the measured /spl sigma//spl deg/ is assumed to be Gaussian with a variance that depends on the true /spl sigma//spl deg/ and therefore, depends on the wind through the GMF. With this model for wind estimation, the Cramer-Rao (C-R) bound is derived for wind estimation, and its implications for wind retrieval are discussed. As part of this discussion, the role of geophysical modeling error is considered and shown to play a significant role in the performance of near-surface wind estimates. The C-R bound is illustrated using parameters from the ERS AMI, NSCAT, and Sea Winds scatterometers.
An Evolving View of the Structure of Self-Regulation

Two of this chapter’s authors (Charles Carver and Michael Scheier) have used the term self-regulation for well over three decades, after having adopted a viewpoint on behavior that depends heavily on the principles of feedback control. The broad outlines of that viewpoint remain much the same today. However, the state of knowledge in neuroscience and genetics, as well as in behavioral science itself, has changed dramatically since those days. Accordingly, the picture of self-regulatory phenomena that informs these authors’ thinking has also evolved and elaborated. The chapter’s other two authors (SJ and JJ) are clinical scientists, whose professional training occurred a good many years later. The idea that normal and problem behaviors represent different locations on a multidimensional matrix of basic functions—self-regulation that is functional versus self-regulation that has gone awry for some reason—was a natural part of their training background, and has informed their thinking throughout their professional careers about the nature of certain kinds of disorder. This chapter presents the outlines of this general view of self-regulation, and describes how some of its themes have changed across time. It also touches on recent thinking about the regulatory role of different neurotransmitter systems and different brain areas, as well as recent thinking about how more-primitive and more-recent parts of the nervous system interact and shape behavior.
Location, Attitude, and Thickness

This chapter covers methods for locating points in three dimensions on a map or in a well, for determining the attitude of a plane, the orientation of a line, and for finding the thickness of a unit from a map or in a well. The effects of measurement and location errors on attitudes and thicknesses are considered.
Clark, Lee Anna (b. 1951) and Watson, David (b. 1953)

Lee Anna Clark and David Watson are a husband-and-wife team whose major influence was on the ongoing paradigm shift from a categorical to a quantitative, hierarchical, dimensional conceptualization of psychopathology, based on underlying dimensions of mood and temperament/personality. Major contributions included their seminal integrative review on negative affectivity, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the tripartite model of anxiety and depression. Collectively, but particularly Watson and his students, they developed more than two dozen assessment instruments, and Clark's work in particular contributed to the shift to a dimensional approach to personality disorder diagnosis. Keywords: individual differences; measurement in psychology; psychometric testing; psychopathology; anxiety; assessment; depression; emotion; personality disorder; personality traits
Comparison study of different load management methods for cost and emission reduction

To address the challenge of climate change, reducing emissions due to electric power generation and consumption has received increasing attention worldwide. The previous research efforts have been focused on emission reduction on the generation side, but often ignored the positive impacts through active load management. This paper explores the models of load management to reduce emissions. Three kinds of load management algorithms are studied and compared in this paper using IEEE 14-Bus system. The results show that the proposed temporal and spatial load management method is the best way for emission reduction.
Scent-Marking in Pikas (Ochotona princeps): Test of a Breeding-Facilitation Hypothesis

Pikas (Ochotona princeps) regularly scent mark rocks in their environment with cheek glands located at the angle of the jaw. Glandular activity is most pronounced during the breeding season (Harvey and Rosenberg, 1960). Previous work (Meaney, 1983a) has shown that the rate of scent marking is high in June, males mark more than females, and individuals mark more in potential mates’ territories as a consequence of a greater degree of overlap. Pikas also can discriminate individual odors (Meaney, 1983b). Furthermore, pikas are aggressive mammals, although the level of aggression is lowest during the breeding season (Smith, 1981).
Phosphoinositide 5-phosphate and phosphoinositide 4-phosphate trigger distinct specific responses of Arabidopsis genes: genome-wide expression analyses.

Phosphoinositide phosphates, PtdInsP, are important components of the cell lipid pool that can function as messengers in diverse cellular processes. Lack of information on downstream targets, however, has impeded our understanding of the potential of lipid-signaling to influence gene activity. Our goals here were to identify genes that altered expression in the presence of two isomeric monophosphate lipid messengers (Phosphoinositide 5-Phosphate, PtdIns(5)P, and Phosphoinositide 4-Phosphate, PtdIns(4)P) and to establish whether the two lipids influence distinct or overlapping gene-sets. Our results indicated that PtdIns(5)P and PtdIns(4)P affected genes within shared gene-families but that each messenger influenced the expression of different members within the same family. These results suggested that PtdIns(5)P and PtdIns(4)P participate in separate pathways that, ultimately, may control gene expression. The pathways may have points of convergence but may also counteract each other's effects. A signific...
EXCRETION OF 1- AND 3-METHYLHISTIDINE BY HUMAN SUBJECTS AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF L-HISTIDINE.

SummaryOral L-histidine given to human subjects fed weighed diets constant in protein content had no consistent effect on the urinary content of 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine; the amounts of carnosine excreted increased somewhat, while anserine excretion decreased. The methylated forms of histidine, either free or combined in the dipeptide anserine, do not appear to be primary urinary end-products of histidine metabolism in human beings.
American Friendship for China and the Shantung Question at the Washington Conference

IOLLOWING the Paris Peace conference, the Shantung dispute between Japan and China disturbed world leaders who sought to stabilize international relations in the Far East and to develop greater cooperation among the industrial powers. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes tried initially to isolate the Shantung issue from the other complex diplomatic questions and to settle the matter prior to the Washington conference. This proved to be impossible. Hughes was only technically correct in maintaining that the "Shantung settlement lay outside the Conference" and he later admitted that "the success of the Conference hung upon this settlement."' Hughes had also favored direct SinoJapanese negotiations with a minimum of United States involvement. It was, therefore, ironic that the state department, and especially Hughes, subsequently assumed a major role in resolving the disagreement. Several scholars have noted this,2 but they have not seen that, contrary to Hughes' expectations, American friendship for China exerted significant influence on the actual terms of the settlement. During the past two decades, historical scholarship has tended to assail the popular image of the United States as the special benefactor of China and ardent defender of the Open Door. As part of their critical examination of the myths associated with American involvement in the Far East, scholars have pointed out that the United States generally ignored the China market, actually cooperated with the other imperial powers in despoiling China, and acquiesced in numerous assaults on Chinese sovereignty and self-determination. Their analysis provides a
Study on synthesis and property of the dehydroabietamide ethyl sulfonate surfactant

Dehydroabietamide ethyl sulfonate was synthesized from dehydroabietic acid.Its structure was characterized by IR spectroscopy.Its surface-activities were investigated at 25 ℃.Results showed that critical micelle concentration(cmc) was 1.0×10-4 mol/L,surface tension(γcmc) was 31.99 mN/m,the foaming ability was 150 mm and foam stabilizing power(t12)/ was 16 min.Interface-activities of it with Daqing oil were also investigated at 45 ℃.Results showed that interface tension was 9.3×10-3 mN/m while the surfactant concentration was 0.2% and interface tension was 2.0×10-3 mN/m while the NaCl addition was 0.3g/L.
Seeking Self-Verification: Motives for Private and Personal Chefs’ Boundary Work

Drawing on interviews with private and personal chefs, this study highlights the interplay between internal and external forces shaping boundary work. Private and personal chefs’ social and profess...
Evaluation of the Patient with Osteoporosis or at Risk for Osteoporosis

Publisher Summary The new definition of osteoporosis as a disease of fracture risk and the increased availability of bone mineral density (BMD) measurement devices has changed the approach to the patient with or who is considered at risk for osteoporosis. The disease or disease risk should be detected in the asymptomatic state by BMD measurement just as heart attack risk is assessed by serum lipid measurements or stroke risk assessed by blood pressure measurement in asymptomatic patients. BMD predicts fracture risk as well as blood pressure predicts risk of stroke and better than total serum cholesterol predicts risk of acute myocardial infarction. All patients who sustain an unexplained fragility fracture should be considered to have osteoporosis and have BMD measured. This chapter describes the clinical situations where a BMD study is and is not appropriate on the basis of the history and physical examination and where it is not clearly indicated but might be beneficial. Once a low BMD has been documented, a number of laboratory studies should be performed to make certain that a correctable secondary cause for osteoporosis does not exist. The potential roles of biochemical markers of bone remodeling in the evaluation of the patient with low BMD are also discussed in this chapter.
Mistrust at the tap? Factors contributing to public drinking water (mis)perception across US households

How individuals perceive the safety of their public drinking water influences whether they reach for the tap to quench their thirst, or an alternative such as bottled water or a sugary drink. In turn, mistrust of drinking water quality and subsequent reliance on alternative beverage sources can adversely impact health, welfare and the environment. Using data from the 2011 American Housing Survey, we provide the first national, rigorous assessment of individuals’ perception of their public drinking water supply. We find strong evidence that perception of water quality is most influenced by individual and household indicators of socioeconomic status – education level, household income, racial or ethnic minority status, and most importantly foreign-born nativity, particularly from Latin America. By contrast, our findings provide little indication that perception is tied to known built environment or neighborhood risk factors affecting water safety and quality. We outline the implications of our findings for proponents of enhanced tap water consumption, including public drinking water systems, county public health agencies, and particularly for environmental justice non-profits.
Is More Always Better in Designing Workplace Wellness Programs?: A Comparison of Wellness Program Components Versus Outcomes.

Objective:Assess whether adding more components to a workplace wellness program is associated with better outcomes by measuring the relationship of program components to one another and to employee participation and perceptions of program effectiveness.Methods:Data came from a 2014 survey of 24,393
The CMS ECAL laser monitoring system

Light monitoring will play a crucial role in maintaining the energy resolution of the CMS lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) in situ at LHC. Since 2001, a laser based monitoring system has been used in the CMS ECAL beam tests at CERN. While the stability of the laser pulse energy and width, measured in 24 hours, is at a level of 3%, a long term degradation of both the laser pulse energy and the width were observed, as well as a drift of the laser pulse center timing at 2 ns/day. This degradation and drift, caused by the natural aging of the DC Kr lamp, would affect respectively the monitoring precision and the synchronization between the laser pulse and the ECAL ADC clock. This paper presents a design and implementation of a software feedback control which stabilizes the laser pulse energy, width and timing. With the software feedback implemented, a stability of the laser pulse energy and width at 3% level and a pulse timing jitter at 2 ns were observed in laser runs lasted for more than 3 months. The 0.5% energy resolution of the CMS PbWO4 crystal ECAL is maintained after applying the laser monitoring corrections in a beam irradiation test.
Participant selection for data collection through device-to-device communications in mobile sensing

The appearance of smart mobile devices with communication, computation and sensing capability and increasing popularity of various mobile applications have caused the explosion of mobile data recently. In the same time, mobile sensing has been emerging as a new sensing paradigm where vast numbers of mobile devices are used for sensing and collecting huge amounts of mobile data in cities. One of the challenges faced by mobile sensing is how to efficiently collect the huge amount of mobile data beyond the existing capacity of 4G networks. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of collecting data packets from mobile devices through device-to-device communications by carefully selecting the subset of relaying (or/and sensing) devices. We formulate these problems as optimization problems and propose a set of solutions to solve them. Our experiments over a real-life mobile trace confirm the effectiveness of the proposed idea.
Memorable Metaphor: How Different Elements of Visual Rhetoric Affect Resource Allocation and Memory for Advertisements

ABSTRACTThis article explores how different uses of visual metaphor affect cognitive resource allocation and memory for pictorial advertisements. Metaphor is ubiquitous in advertising, and metaphors are often expressed entirely through imagery. Based on Phillips and McQuarrie's seminal typology of visual metaphor, we selected advertisements that featured either juxtaposition or fusion structures. We then conducted a within-subjects experiment in which thirty-six participants viewed a series of juxtaposition and fusion ads. While viewing each ad, participants were prompted to respond to a series of visual probes. Their reaction times to these probes served as an indicator of cognitive resource allocation. Afterward, we assessed participants’ recognition and free recall accuracy. Reaction time data showed that fusion ads required greater cognitive resource allocation and yielded more accurate recall than juxtaposition ads. These results are discussed in terms of both theories of visual metaphor and limited ...
Constructing Freedom: A Letter by George M. Bibb Concerning the Will of the Rev. Richard Bibb, Sr.

Slavery, America’s original sin, played a pervasive role in the psyche of Kentuckians before the Civil War. No group faced more moral anguish than the state’s Christian ministers, many who also owned slaves. In the late 1830s, a Methodist minister, Richard Bibb, began to grapple with these issues. Having early settled earlier in Western Kentucky in one of the areas of the state most amenable to plantation agriculture, Bibb had owned up to a hundred slaves at times. But now he was called by his faith to free them, something he did most finally in his will, probated after his death in 1839. His son, John B. Bibb, was named as executor but Kentucky law made the freeing of large groups of very difficult so John asked his brother, a prominent Kentucky jurist and Democratic politician for legal advice. George M. Bibb had just finished a term as a proslavery U.S. senator and was now judge of the Jefferson County Court of chancery. Judge Bibb responded with a well-reasoned opinion letter that applied the law of wills to Kentucky's restrictive emancipation laws, laws that attempted to prevent free slaves from remaining in the state and becoming a charge on the county poor law rolls. Bibb acknowledged his opposition to his father’s pro-emancipation views but assured his brother John that his ethical duty to help advance the intentions of the testator overrode any feeling along those lines. The letter is an extraordinary example of an antebellum legal opinion letter.The will is transcribed faithfully but footnotes are added to provide proper citations for all the authorities cited. Detailed introductory chapters describe the Bibb family, discuss the views of Rev. James Bibb, Sr., set out the law of slavery and emancipation in Kentucky, and give a thumbnail sketch of one of the freed men Andrew J. Bibb.
Improving the quality of breast cancer surgical treatment decisions.

6024 Background: Ensuring breast cancer treatment decisions are high quality (i.e., informed and preference-concordant) is a key component of patient centered care. Methods: A web-based decision to...
From cold Fermi fluids to the hot QGP

Strongly coupled quantum fluids are found in different forms, including ultracold Fermi gases or tiny droplets of extremely hot Quark-Gluon Plasma. Although the systems differ in temperature by many orders of magnitude, they exhibit a similar almost inviscid fluid dynamical behavior. In this work, we summarize some of the recent theoretical developments toward better understanding this property in cold Fermi gases at and near unitarity.
Describing the healthcare experiences and strategies of women survivors of violence.

Aim and objective The purpose of this study was to develop knowledge on women survivors' healthcare experiences and strategies. Background Survivors of traumatic life events are at an increased risk for an array of negative health consequences, which can be complicated when distressing healthcare experiences act as a barrier to accessing needed care. Implications for trauma-informed and sensitive practice are well established, but evidence to date on survivors' healthcare experiences and patient engagement is limited. Design This study utilized individual interviews and qualitative description methods. Methods Fourteen participants completed a demographic questionnaire and one semistructured interview focused on their exposure to violence, healthcare experiences and strategies for navigating health care. Thematic analysis in alignment with qualitative description methods was used to analyse interview transcripts and identify themes. Results Participants in this study reported a variety of traumatic life experiences, ranging from childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence to severe car accidents. Experiencing a multiplicity of trauma sometimes complicated participants' later healthcare experiences. Although participants described ways in which providers helped them attain positive care experiences, they also acknowledged that limitations of the healthcare system could make trauma-informed practices difficult to implement. Participants described strategies they use to prepare for, navigate and recover after healthcare encounters including selecting providers, bringing support persons to appointments and engaging in relaxing activities after appointments. Conclusions Participants emphasised the importance of trusting and equitable provider-patient relationships and described several ways they prepare for, cope with and care for themselves after difficult healthcare experiences. Descriptive data on the patient engagement behaviours of survivors of violence is a unique contribution of this study to existing research. Relevance to clinical practice Findings from this study indicate the importance of comprehensive trauma history screening during health assessments, development of trusting and mutually respectful provider-patient relationships and provider training programmes focused on trauma-informed care practices.
The Impact of Age, Background Noise, Semantic Ambiguity, and Hearing Loss on Recognition Memory for Spoken Sentences

Purpose The goal of this study was to determine how background noise, linguistic properties of spoken sentences, and listener abilities (hearing sensitivity and verbal working memory) affect cognit...
Critical Care Pharmacists and Medication Management in an ICU Recovery Center

Background: Many patients experience complications following critical illness; these are now widely referred to as post–intensive care syndrome (PICS). An interprofessional intensive care unit (ICU...
Creativity in the Classroom: Promoting Fluency, Flexibility, and Originality in Students

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the theoretical components of creativity and their potential application in recreation and leisure studies curricula. Methods of nurturing cre...