cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two stages of light-dependent TRPL-channel translocation in Drosophila photoreceptors

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels across species are expressed in sensory receptor cells, and often localized to specialized subcellular sites. In Drosophila photoreceptors, TRP-like (TRPL) channels are localized to the signaling compartment, the rhabdomere, in the dark, and undergo light-induced translocation into the cell body as a mechanism for long-term light-adaptation. We show that translocation of TRPL channels occurs in two distinct stages, first to the neighboring stalk membrane then to the basolateral membrane. In the first stage, light-induced translocation occurs within 5 minutes, whereas the second stage takes over 6 hours. The exclusive apical localization of TRPL channels in the first stage of translocation suggests that channels are released from the rhabdomere and diffuse laterally through the membrane into the adjoining stalk membrane. In the second stage, TRPL channels are localized in the basolateral membrane, implicating a different transport mechanism. Genetic analyses suggest that activation of the other light-activated TRP channel and eye-protein-kinase C (eye-PKC) are both required for the second stage of TRPL translocation in R1 to R6 photoreceptor cells, whereas only phospholipase C (PLC) is required for the first stage. Finally, we show that arrestin2 is required for the rhabdomeric localization and stability of TRPL channels.
Systematic Errors in Global Radiosonde Precipitable Water Data from Comparisons with Ground-Based GPS Measurements

Abstract A global, 10-yr (February 1997–April 2006), 2-hourly dataset of atmospheric precipitable water (PW) was produced from ground-based global positioning system (GPS) measurements of zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) at approximately 350 International Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Service (IGS) ground stations. A total of 130 pairs of radiosonde and GPS stations are found within a 50-km distance and 100-m elevation of each other. At these stations, 14 types of radiosondes are launched and the following 3 types of humidity sensors are used: capacitive polymer, carbon hygristor, and goldbeater’s skin. The PW comparison between radiosonde and GPS data reveals three types of systematic errors in the global radiosonde PW data: measurement biases of the 14 radiosonde types along with their characteristics, long-term temporal inhomogeneity, and diurnal sampling errors of once- and twice-daily radiosonde data. The capacitive polymer generally shows mean dry bias of −1.19 mm (−6.8%). However, the c...
LOCALIZED MECHANICAL INSTABILITIES AND STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN SILICA GLASS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE

Molecular simulations show that the structural transformations which occur in silica glass under high pressure do not require thermal activation, and arise from localized mechanical instabilities associated with disappearances of local minima on the potential energy surface. This result leads to the prediction that the kinetic stability of silica glass structures differs from that of silica crystal structures: The glass will undergo a pressure-induced transformation to a structure with high average silicon coordination at any arbitrarily low temperature, but this glass structure with high average coordination can never be quenched to atmospheric pressure.
Fluorescent proteins: a cell biologist's user guide

Fluorescent Proteins (FPs) have revolutionized cell biology. The value of labeling and visualizing proteins in living cells is evident from the thousands of publications since the cloning of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Biologists have been flooded with a cornucopia of FPs; however, the FP toolbox has not necessarily been optimized for cell biologists. Common FP plasmids are suboptimal for the construction of proteins fused to FP. More problematic are commercial and investigator-constructed FP-fusion proteins that disrupt important cellular targeting information. Even when cell biologists correctly construct FP-fusion proteins, it is rarely self-evident which FP should be used. Important FP information, such as oligomer formation or photostability, is often obscure or anecdotal. This brief guide is offered to assist the biologist to exploit FPs in the analysis of cellular processes.
A SpatioTemporal Placement Model for Caching Location Dependent Queries

This paper proposes an adaptive spatio-temporal placement scheme for caching location dependent queries. The cache placement decision is made according to the potential cache benefit of the query results based on the spatio-temporal properties of query results and the movement patterns of the mobile client, aiming at increasing the cache hit ratio. We introduce the concept of 'overlapping cache benefit' as a measure of the hit rate of a cached item, and present three spatio-temporal cache placement schemes, which provide a step-by-step in-depth analysis of various factors that may affect the performance of a client cache in mobile environments. We implemented the spatio-temporal placement model in the first prototype of the MOBICACHE system. Our experimental evaluation shows that the spatial locality and the movement patterns of mobile clients are critical factors that impact the effectiveness of cache placement and the performance of client cache, and the proposed adaptive spatio-temporal cache placement approach yields higher hit ratio and better response time compared to existing mobile cache solutions.
ac conductivity of a one-dimensional site-disordered lattice

We report the results of a numerical study of the ac conductivity for the Anderson model of a one-dimensional, site-disordered system of 400 atoms. For different degrees of disorder, we directly diagonalized the Anderson Hamiltonian, used the Kubo-Greenwood formula to evaluate the conductivity, and then averaged the conductivity over 12 configurations. We found that the dominant frequency dependence of the conductivity consisted of a single peak which shifted to higher frequency and decreased in overall magnitude as the disorder was increased. The joint density of states and the eigenstate localization were also computed and are discussed in connection with our results.
The Northern Ireland Research Initiative: Data on the Troubles from 1968 to 19981:

In recent years the study of conflict has increasingly focused on the analysis of violence at the subnational level. Despite many advances, these efforts have been unable to address key questions w...
A three-dimensional approach to hydration of elders: Administration, clinical staff, and in-service education

Abstract Adequate hydration in older adults is a common yet complex problem requiring a comprehensive approach. Facility-wide involvement is critical for the success of a hydration program. This article addresses a systematic, three-dimensional strategy with administration, clinical staff, and in-service education activities. An assessment tool, administrative and education guidelines, and a “creative brainstorming” sheet are provided for the nursing home facility interested in initiating a program for the prevention of dehydration and promotion of adequate hydration.
Contributions toward a revision of Hechtia (Bromeliaceae)

Hechtia lyman-smithii andH. fragilis from Mexico are described as new, illustrated, and discussed, and the taxonomic status ofH. texensis (syn.H. scariosa) is evaluated.
Testing linear hypotheses in errors in variables model

A multivariate errors-in-variables model in the matrix form can be written as X=U+E, Y=UA′+WB+F, where X (n×p) and Y (n×q) are observed matrices, E and F are error matrices whose rows are normally distributed, W (n×k) is a known matrix of rank k, and U, A and B are unknown matrices. We consider the problems of testing linear hypotheses: (i) H0: AR=K and (ii) H0: S′A=L, where R, K, S and L are known matrices, and we derive the likelihood ratio tests for testing these hypotheses.
Effects of Living Status, Gender, and Year in College on College Students' Self-Esteem and Life-Change Experiences:

The effects of living status, gender, and years of college were examined in a study measuring self-esteem and life-change experiences. 160 naive college students were placed into 16 groups of 10 based on their living status, gender, and year in school. It was proposed that boarders would have higher self-esteem and a larger number of life change events, that women would have lower self-esteem than men, and that the freshmen would have lower self-esteem and experience more life-change events. Two three-way analyses of variance showed men had higher self-esteem than women, and freshmen had lower self-esteem than seniors. Boarders reported more life-change events than freshmen. A negative correlation was found between self-esteem and life-change events. Stress seems related to the value one places on oneself.
Molecular dynamics study of time-correlated protein domain motions and molecular flexibility: cytochrome P450BM-3

Time-correlated atomic motions were used to characterize protein domain boundaries from atomic coordinates generated by molecular dynamics simulations. A novel application of the dynamical cross-correlation matrix (DCCM) analysis tool was used to help identify putative protein domains. In implementing this new approach, several DCCM maps were calculated, each using a different coordinate reference frame from which protein domain boundaries and protein domain residue constituents could be identified. Cytochrome P450BM-3, from Bacillus megaterium, was used as the model protein in this study. The analyses indicated that the simulated protein comprises three distinct domain regions; in contrast, only two protein domains were identified in the original crystal structure report. Specifically, the DCCM analyses showed that the F-G helix region was a separate domain entity and not a part of the alpha domain, as previously designated. The simulations demonstrated that the domain motions of the F-G helix region effected both the size and shape of the enzyme active site, and that the dynamics of the F-G helix domain could possibly control access of substrate to the binding pocket.
Access pattern-based memory and connectivity architecture exploration

Memory accesses represent a major bottleneck in embedded systems power and performance. Traditionally, designers tried to alleviate this problem by relying on a simple cache hierarchy, or a limited use of special purpose memory modules such as stream buffers. Although real-life applications contain a large number of memory references to a diverse set of data structures, a significant percentage of all memory accesses in the application are generated from a few memory instructions that exhibit predictable, well-known access patterns; this creates an opportunity for memory customization, targeting the needs of these access patterns. We present APEX, an approach that extracts, analyzes and clusters the most active access patterns in the application, and aggressively customizes the memory architecture to match the needs of the application. Moreover, though the memory modules are important, the rate at which the memory system can produce the data for the CPU is significantly impacted by the connectivity architecture between the memory subsystem and the CPU. Thus, it is critical to consider the connectivity architecture early in the design flow, in conjunction with the memory architecture. We couple the exploration of memory modules together with their connectivity, to evaluate a wide range of cost, performance, and energy connectivity architectures. We use a heuristic to prune the design space, guiding the exploration towards the most promising designs. We present experiments on a set of large real-life benchmarks, showing significant performance improvements for varied cost and power characteristics, allowing the designer to evaluate customized memory and connectivity configurations for embedded systems.
Studies Of Excimer Laser Etching Mechanism Using Laser Induced Fluorescence Measurements

Bombarding solid surfaces with intense 248 nm KrF* or 193 nm ArF* excimer lasers leads to rapid etching. The ejected material consists of atoms, diatomics and larger clusters. Using laser fluences near threshold so as to minimize perturbations due to gas-phase collisions and to laser-produced plasma, the energy distributions of the first two types of species were measured by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The species detected were Al, A10, C2 and CN. The results show that for a metallic-like material (graphite) the energies agree with a purely thermal mechanism for the vaporization. In distinct contrast to this, insulating materials (sapphire and polymers) display nonthermal energy distributions and point to a photochemical (bond-breaking) mechanism. Understanding these mechanisms is of interest to microelectronic circuit production techniques, to optical damage prevention, and to laser surgery.
Cultural Factors in Guidance and Counseling, in Turkey: The Experience of a Fulbright Family

The cross-cultural observations of a Fulbright professor and his family are described. Issues such as age, authority, sex roles, proxemics, and communication are discussed.
Letter from the Editor-in-Chief: The JIBS40/AIB50 Anniversary Issue: Innovations in international business theory

journal of International Business Studies (2009) 40, 1407-1410. doi: 10.1057/jibs.2009.66 INTRODUCTION The Academy of International Business (AIB) is the leading global association of scholars and specialists in the field of international business. Established in 1959, AIB has around 3000 members from over 75 countries involved in the creation and dissemination of knowledge about international business and policy issues. The objectives of AIB, as set forth in its constitution, are to foster education and advance professional standards in the field of international business. The association is designed to transcend the boundaries of single academic disciplines and managerial functions to enhance international business education, research and practice. The Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS) is the official publication of the Academy of International Business. The journal's goal is to publish insightful, influential and timely articles that make significant contributions to our knowledge of international business studies. The journal's domain encompasses not only the international dimensions of the main business disciplines such as management, marketing and finance, but also the international business dimensions of other social sciences such as economics, political science, psychology and sociology. JIBS is an interdisci plinary journal; its broad scope is designed to create accessible, thought-provoking content that is widely read and cited by the general academic business community. In other words, JIBS is the premier intellectual home for scholars engaged in "conversations" about the international dimensions of business.1
African American mothers' self-described discipline strategies with young children

Aims and Objectives: African American families have been described as using higher levels of non-abusive physical discipline with their children than European American families. Few if any studies have documented AA families’ use of disciplinary strategies in their own words, however, or their reasons for their use.Methods: In this qualitative study, 51 African American mothers from a 1992 Memphis sample described their disciplinary strategies with their 12 to 19 month old children.Results: Seventy-seven percent of mothers described using verbal teaching along with non-abusive physical discipline, such as tapping their children’s hands. Mothers also expressed concern about being too strict, described awareness of their children’s developmental limits, and used non-physical disciplinary methods, consistent with positive accepting parent-child relationships.Conclusions: These findings are important because the low-income girls who experienced such parenting in the 1990s are now young mothers themselves. Cur...
Timing of semisolid dairy manure applications does not affect yield and quality of orchardgrass.

We studied the impact of semisolid dairy manure application rate and timing on yield and nutritive value oforchardgrass (Dactylisglomerata L.). Manure was applied at spring greenup and after all three harvests in seven treatment combinations, not exceeding 44.8 Mg ha -1 per application during the growing season. Recommended rate ofN fertilizer was also included as a treatment, and all treatments were applied for five growing seasons. A three-cut system was used, producing suitable forage for lactating dairy cows for cuts 1 and 2. Average dry matter (DM) yields for total seasonal manure applications of 44.8, 67.2, and 89.6 Mg ha -1 were 7.02, 7.89, and 9.10 Mg ha -1 , respectively. There was no significant effect of timing of manure applications on total DM yield, although there was a tendency for lower yields when manure was applied in the autumn. Manure applied at the seasonal rate of 179.2 Mg ha -1 resulted in greater DM yields than N fertilization by the second year of the study. Neither application rate nor timing of manure application had an impact on forage nutritive value. Strong correlations of neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), relative forage quality (RFQ), and kg milk Mg -1 of forage DM (Milk Mg -1 ) with in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) suggest that NDFD, RFQ, and Milk Mg -1 provide little additional information beyond what is found in IVTD. We conclude that from a forage yield and nutritive value standpoint, timing of seasonal manure applications to orchardgrass is not a critical issue.
Room temperature operation of epitaxially grown Si/Si0.5Ge0.5/Si resonant interband tunneling diodes

Resonant interband tunneling diodes on silicon substrates are demonstrated using a Si/Si0.5Ge0.5/Si heterostructure grown by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy which utilized both a central intrinsic spacer and δ-doped injectors. A low substrate temperature of 370 °C was used during growth to ensure a high level of dopant incorporation. A B δ-doping spike lowered the barrier for holes to populate the quantum well at the valence band discontinuity, and an Sb δ-doping reduces the doping requirement of the n-type bulk Si by producing a deep n+ well. Samples studied from the as-grown wafers showed no evidence of negative differential resistance (NDR). The effect of postgrowth rapid thermal annealing temperature was studied on tunnel diode properties. Samples which underwent heat treatment at 700 and 800 °C for 1 min, in contrast, exhibited NDR behavior. The peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) and peak current density of the tunnel diodes were found to depend strongly on δ-doping placement and on the annea...
Dynamic stabilization of chronic scapholunate dissociation with palmaris longus transfer: a new technique.

ABSTRACT This report presents a new procedure of palmaris longus tendon transfer to the scaphoid and lunate, with reconstruction of the scapholunate ligament in chronic scapholunate dissociation. From 1988 to 2006, 10 cases of dynamic stabilization of chronic scapholunate dissociation were treated by palmaris longus tendon transfer to the scaphoid and lunate. The tendon transfer to the scaphoid and the reconstructed scapholunate ligament appeared to create a resultant force that corrected the scaphoid drift. The transfer to the lunate neutralized its dorsal intercalary segment instability posture. A normal scapholunate interval was restored at about 2 years postoperatively, and the lunate malrotation remained permanently corrected. Recovery of the scapholunate interval paralleled the recovery of the scapholunate angle and grip strength. These remained unchanged with long-term follow-up of between 3 and 18 years. The tendon transfer appeared to function like other tendon transfers in the upper extremity, providing active stabilization of the scaphoid and the lunate despite increasing loads on the wrist. Unfortunately, in the absence of symptoms of peripheral nerve entrapment, insurance approval could not be obtained for electromyography studies to document the activity of the transferred tendon. The forces of tendon transfer on the scaphoid and the reconstructed scapholunate ligament seem to generate a resultant force that acted on the scaphoid to maintain it in its fossa. The tendon transfer to the lunate corrected the dorsal intercalary segment instability orientation of the lunate at long-term follow-up of up to 18 years.
Classical elementary measurement electrodynamics

Abstract We consider a classical electrodynamic theory, in which the operational paradigm of Elementary Measurement implies that particles and fields are interdependent degrees of freedom in an action principle associated with the “elementary measurement”, and are not elementary in themselves. In this model Maxwell's equations, with an empirically chosen Green function, are identities associated with each charged particle current in the elementary interaction. Making the action stationary with respect to the interacting degrees of freedom gives the equations of motion of the measurement. These are shown to be equivalent to those of the “Action-at-a-Distance” electrodynamics of Wheeler and Feynman, with the distinct advantage that no “complete absorber” assumption is ever needed. The difficulties associated with infinite self-energies and mass renormalization are absent from this theory and a consistent set of energy-momentum and angular-momentum conservation laws follows from the associated energy-momentum tensor. The mechanism of “measurement” radiation is discussed and is shown to predict similar results as that of Maxwell-Lorentz electrodynamics.
Integrating team‐teaching, technology and distance learning in MBA programmes: a case study

Chronicles the evolution to an integrated MBA at the University of Tennessee and relates a view of the team teaching experience and integration of technology. The cross‐functional teaching experiences illustrate the issues in working in a team while later sections summarize suggestions for duplication and implementation in other MBA programmes. Explores problems, issues, and barriers are along with grading and evaluation suggestions. Finally, compares student and faculty benefits and stresses the importance of administrative support to facilitate implementation.
Left-Handed DNA and the Synaptic Pairing Reaction Promoted by Ustilago Recl Protein

Abstract Left-handed Z-DNA binds tightly to Ustilago recl protein. The binding reaction is strongly dependent on ATP, but complexes formed are rapidly dissociated by ADP. The parallel between the kinetics of Z-DNA binding and the synaptic pairing reaction leading to paranemic joint molecules suggests that formation of nascent heteroduplex structures in recombination is coupled with formation of left-handed Z-like DNA on the protein. Equilibrium and kinetic studies show that recl protein appears to have a strong Z-DNA binding site that binds Z-DNA 75 times tighter than the B form of the DNA. We propose that DNA with a structure approximated best by a left-handed Z-DNA conformation is a key intermediate in homologous pairing promoted by recl protein.
Narrative as bioethics: the "fact" of social selves and the function of consensus.

Several months ago, I was walking down the hallway outside our medical school faculty offices and a colleague stopped me to ask a question. He phrased his query in the context of a “hypothetical” case that raised ethical issues for him, and he asked me to respond. I obligingly offered my opinion given the details he presented, ending my comments with the phrase, “at least, that is what I would say.” To this he kindly shot back, “OK, but what is the consensus of medical ethicists?” To be honest, this question caught me off guard. Though his particular dilemma was relatively well-trod territory for many bioethicists, I had done little research on the issue and could not immediately render a response to his latter query.
Phenotypic plasticity of neoplastic ovarian epithelium: unique cadherin profiles in tumor progression

The mesodermally derived normal ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) displays both epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics and exhibits remarkable phenotypic plasticity during post-ovulatory repair. The majority of epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOC) are derived from the OSE and represent the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies, as most patients (∼70%) present at diagnosis with disseminated intra-abdominal metastasis. The predominant pattern of EOC metastasis involves pelvic dissemination rather than lymphatic or hematologic spread, distinguishing EOC from other solid tumors. Acquisition of the metastatic phenotype involves a complex series of interrelated cellular events leading to dissociation (shedding) and dispersal of malignant cells. A key event in this process is disruption of cell–cell contacts via modulation of intercellular junctional components. In contrast to most carcinomas that downregulate E-cadherin expression during tumor progression, a unique feature of primary well-differentiated ovarian cancers is a gain of epithelial features, characterized by an increase in expression of E-cadherin. Subsequent reacquisition of mesenchymal features is observed in more advanced tumors with concomitant loss of E-cadherin expression and/or function during progression to metastasis. The functional consequences of this remarkable phenotypic plasticity are not fully understood, but may play a role in modulation of cell survival in suspension (ascites), chemoresistance, and intraperitoneal anchoring of metastatic lesions.
Realism, Conventionalism, and Causal Decomposition in Units of Selection: Reflections on Samir Okasha's Evolution and the Levels of Selection

I discuss two subjects in Samir Okasha’s excellent book, Evolution and the Levels of Selection. In consonance with Okasha’s critique of the conventionalist view of the units of selection problem, I argue that conventionalists have not attended to what realists mean by group, individual, and genic selection. In connection with Okasha’s discussion of the Price equation and contextual analysis, I discuss whether the existence of these two quantitative frameworks is a challenge to realism.
Taxonomy of Platyschkuhria (Compositae)

Platyschkuhria is considered to be a monotypic genus of the subtribe Bahianae. Varietal morphologic variation inP. integrifolia is reported.
Optimal hedging under output price uncertainty

Abstract This paper provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of optimal hedging under output price uncertainty. The theoretical analysis is facilitated by exploiting the duality between production and cost while the empirical implementation uses the envelope theorem and the indirect expected utility function. Empirically estimable equations are derived by approximating the indirect expected utility function by a Taylor series approximation. The model is tested by using live cattle data as output while using prices of corn, soybeans, and the feeder cattle as inputs. The results support the theoretical predictions and the evidence shows that live cattle farmers exhibit decreasing absolute risk aversion.
Interactions of visual and cognitive stress.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this research is to assess the ocular and muscular response to longduration reading under different visual and cognitive difficulty levels. METHODS: Thirty-five subjects, with 20/20 vision and without history of ocular pathology or cognitive deficits, participated in the study. Subjects read under different visual and cognitive difficulty levels for 6 (30-minute) conditions. Upper and lower orbicularis oculi, frontalis, and trapezius muscle activities were recorded using surface electromyography (EMG). Aperture size, pupil diameter, and pulse rate of the subjects were recorded with a video camera, pulse meter, and ISCAN eye tracker (ISCAN Inc.), respectively. RESULTS: The results show that the texts read with a refractive error caused increased orbicularis oculi EMG power and reduced aperture size (P , 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the conditions for pulse rate, pupil diameter, or EMG activity of the frontalis and trapezius muscles with either visual or cognitive stress presented in this experiment. CONCLUSION: Visual stress experienced due to reading under an induced refractive error is potentially mediated by a local mechanism, different from the mechanism underlying reading under low contrast or high cognitive demand. Optometry 2011;82:689-696 Eyestrain is a common complaint among those who perform prolonged near visual tasks. Eyestrain and headaches were the most commonly reported symptoms associated with video display terminal (VDT) work. 1
(S,s) inventory dynamics and self-organized criticality

Abstract This paper proposes a new model of self-organized criticality in order to explain large fluctuations of aggregate production in an (S,s) economy. It is shown that the inventory distribution in an (S,s) economy always converges to a unique steady state, and that aggregate production exhibits a peculiar instability at the steady state: the propagation effect of a demand shock on aggregate production follows a power law. The model differs from previous models of self-organized criticality in that it incorporates a global interaction in the network. The global interaction is interpreted as a representation of market transactions with which economists are familiar. The other novelty of the paper is that an intrinsic instability of (S,s) economies is found. Many small non-linearities in the (S,s) economy may not be cancelled out in aggregation. Instead, they play a key role in organizing the fluctuations of aggregate production.
Building a programme of research from the Roy Adaptation Model of Nursing

This paper describes a series of methodological and substantive studies derived from the Roy Adaptation Model of Nursing. The research encompassed development of an instrument to measure functional status after childbirth and retrospective and longitudinal studies of variables associated with functional status during the postpartum period. The conceptual model proved to be a useful guide for the design and conduct of these studies as well as ongoing investigations of functional status during pregnancy and following diagnosis of breast cancer. Findings from completed studies support the credibility of Roy's conceptual model.
Privacy Preserving RBF Kernel Support Vector Machine

Data sharing is challenging but important for healthcare research. Methods for privacy-preserving data dissemination based on the rigorous differential privacy standard have been developed but they did not consider the characteristics of biomedical data and make full use of the available information. This often results in too much noise in the final outputs. We hypothesized that this situation can be alleviated by leveraging a small portion of open-consented data to improve utility without sacrificing privacy. We developed a hybrid privacy-preserving differentially private support vector machine (SVM) model that uses public data and private data together. Our model leverages the RBF kernel and can handle nonlinearly separable cases. Experiments showed that this approach outperforms two baselines: (1) SVMs that only use public data, and (2) differentially private SVMs that are built from private data. Our method demonstrated very close performance metrics compared to nonprivate SVMs trained on the private data.
A NEW VERSION OF THE DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS METHOD (DSM) FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR EQUATIONS WITH MONOTONE OPERATORS

A version of the Dynamical Systems Method for solving ill-posed nonlinear monotone operator equations is studied in this paper. A discrepancy principle is proposed and justified. A numerical experiment was carried out with the new stopping rule. Numerical experiments show that the proposed stopping rule is efficient.
Neoplastic lumbosacral radiculoplexopathy in prostate cancer by direct perineural spread: An unusual entity

Neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathy occurs with some abdominal and pelvic malignancies. Patients present with severe pain radiating from the low back down to the lower extremities, and this progresses to weakness. Neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathy is virtually always associated with known malignancy or obvious pelvic metastatic disease. Uncommonly, prostate cancer can present as a lumbosacral plexopathy occurring through direct pelvic spread. We describe two cases of lumbosacral radiculoplexopathy from infiltrative prostate cancer without evidence of other pelvic or extraprostatic spread. The probable etiology of tumor spreading along prostatic nerves into the lumbosacral plexus (i.e., perineural spread) is discussed as are the potential mechanisms for this unusual mode of cancer dissemination.
Determination of the Influence of Wind on the Keweenaw Current in the Lake Superior Basin as Identified by Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Imagery

Abstract The Keweenaw Current is a warm coastal current in Lake Superior that flows northeastward along the northern shore of Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula. This study focuses on the fate of the current at the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula. Results of this study suggest that the path of the current beyond the peninsula is primarily controlled by wind. In this study, eleven surface temperature maps derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometric (AVHRR) data using computer assisted image processing techniques were used to identify the Keweenaw Current. Wind data from two moored data buoys, a Coastal Marine Automated Network (CMAN) fixed buoy, and three airport weather stations, collected on the same day as each of the images and for the two days preceding the image date, are used to determine whether wind direction and speed influence the path of the Keweenaw Current past the tip of the peninsula. In nine images the current's path is similar to the surface Ekman transport direction predicted from wind data. All eleven images show a similarity between the current's actual path and a path calculated when net Ekman transport is assumed. Results of this study also show that there may be a possible lag time of one day between a change in wind direction and the current's adjustment to that change.
Particle size effects in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis by cobalt

a b s t r a c t In order to study the intrinsic particle size effect of Co catalysts in Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis, a series of Co/SiO2 model catalysts with various metal coverages (0.25–6.0 ML), corresponding to sizes in the range of 1.4–10.5 nm were prepared in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber and tested at 513 K under atmospheric pressure in a batch reactor. The Co particle size distribution and the number of active sites were estimated from the TEM images. Kinetic data and post-reaction XPS spectra showed that for the small Co particles (1.4–2.5 nm), the Co surface was readily oxidized by water vapor, while for the relatively large Co particles (3.5–10.5 nm), such oxidation was not evident. The oxidation for the small Co particles leads to lower TOF and higher CH4 selectivity, while both reactivity and selectivity were relatively constant for the relatively large Co particles. The lack of intrinsic particle size effect for the metallic Co particles in the range of 3.5–10.5 nm is consistent with structure insensitivity in FT synthesis. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The effects of rehydration on phonation in excised canine larynges

Summary Experiments using excised canine larynges were conducted to study the restoration of vocal efficiency in dehydrated larynges. Excised larynges were dehydrated with warm, dry air to the point that airflow through the approximated vocal folds would not entrain the folds to produce phonation. The dehydrated vocal folds were then bathed in a saline solution. The rehydrated larynges were then remounted on the bench apparatus that enabled phonation with a constant humidified airflow, and measurements were made of phonation threshold pressure, glottal airflow, and amplitude. Hydration resulted in significantly increased efficiency and decrease in phonation threshold pressure. The findings confirm clinical impressions that hydration is critical in the physiology of normal phonation.
Incorporation of bacteriophage DNA into the genome of cultured human lymphocytes.

After exposure of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes to high doses of tritiated-thymidine labelled Φ X-174 or T2 bacteriophage, label from the phage genome became incorporated into lymphocyte DNA. Exposure to bacteriophage DNA, whether biologically active inactive, or fragmented, had a depressive effect on lymphocyte DNA replication. Incorporation of label from phage DNA into the lymphocyte DNA, however, was maximum for biologically active phage.
Basic dimensions within the coronary-prone behavior pattern.

Recent studies have demonstrated the relation of the “coronary-prone behavior pattern (Type A)” to prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). A self-administered, computer-scored questionnaire—The Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS)—has been shown to identify men having this coronary-prone behavior pattern with over 70 per cent accuracy. To resolve the question of whether this behavior pattern is a single unified set of responses or an aggregation of distinct traits, independent factor analyses were performed on JAS responses from four large samples of employed men. These analyses all concurred that the coronary-prone behavior pattern is actually composed of at least three major, conceptually independent behavioral syndromes: I. Hard Driving, II. Job Involvement, and III. Speed and Impatience. A system was constructed for deriving factor scores for individuals on these dimensions, and these scores were demonstrated to be reliable across forms of the test and stable over time. The 3 scores were uncorrelated with each other. The behavioral factors defined and measured here are in concordance with variables found to be associated with coronary heart disease by numerous other investigators using other methods.
Antenna pattern synthesis utilizing spherical Bessel functions

Pattern synthesis of linear antennas utilizing the spherical Bessel functions is presented. This leads to antenna current distribution by the Legendre polynomials of the first kind, which are of finite support. Some examples are given to illustrate this procedure.
Field experience with a condition-based maintenance program of 20-kV XLPE distribution system using IRC-analysis

Asset management strategies are amongst the most important tools to address the economical, reliability, and operational requirements of extensive distribution networks in the environment of increasing deregulation. The key objectives are full utilization (i.e., exploitation of available network reserves), investment for expansion, and maintenance including asset replacement. The paper will focus on the methodology and the results of a condition-based preventive maintenance concept as part of the overall asset management strategy. As an example, the condition of 20-kV XLPE service aged cables of a German distribution grid is evaluated and categorized. The "isothermal relaxation current analysis" (IRC-Analysis), which is a nondestructive and nonpartial discharge diagnostic method, is used to assess the cable conditions. Obtained categories are combined with the impact of one distinct cable on local system reliability in order to optimize replacement strategy. This concept called "reliability centered maintenance" is applied by the author's company Lechwerke AG (LEW AG). As a result, the annual budget to guarantee service quality could be reduced substantially.
Sources of nonlinearity and complexity in geomorphic systems

Nonlinearity is common in geomorphology, though not present or relevant in every geomorphic problem. It is often ignored, sometimes to the detriment of understanding surface processes and landforms. Nonlinearity opens up possibilities for complex behavior that are not possible in linear systems, though not all nonlinear systems are complex. Complex nonlinear dynamics have been documented in a number of geomorphic systems, thus nonlinear complexity is a characteristic of real-world landscapes, not just models. In at least some cases complex nonlinear dynamics can be directly linked to specific geomorphic processes and controls. Nonlinear complexities pose obstacles for some aspects of prediction in geomorpholo- gy, but provide opportunities and tools to enhance predictability in other respects. Methods and theories based on or grounded in complex nonlinear dynamics are useful to geomorphologists. These nonlinear frameworks can explain some phenomena not otherwise explained, provide better or more appropriate analytical tools, improve the interpretation of historical evidence and usefully inform modeling, experimental design, landscape management and environmental policy. It is also clear that no nonlinear formalism (and, as of yet, no other formalism) provides a universal meta-explanation for geomorphology. The sources of nonlinearity in geomorphic systems largely represent well-known geomorphic processes, controls and relationships that can be readily observed. A typology is presented, including thresholds, storage effects, saturation and depletion, self-reinforcing feedback, self-limiting processes, competitive feedbacks, multiple modes of adjustment, self-organization and hysteresis.
Acute Hydrocephalus in Hurler's Syndrome

Hurler's syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type 1H) is an inherited metabolic disorder associated with a deficiency of α-L-iduronidase. Affected patients have a characteristic appearance and progressive multisystem deterioration, with death usually occurring before age 10.1,2In this report, we describe two boys with the clinical features of Hurler's syndrome and less than 1% normal α-L-iduronidase activity in their cultured fibroblasts. Both had rapidly increasing head circumferences and acute neurological deterioration secondary to severe hydrocephalus, and were successfully treated by placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Report of Cases.—Case1.—A boy was first seen at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, at 2 years of age for evaluation of developmental delay. He was a macrocephalic child with a head circumference of 56 cm (> 98th percentile) and the typical features of Hurler's syndrome. Neurological findings were normal except for impaired congnitive skills. Bailey IQ at age 3 was 59. At age 4½
The hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of clay minerals

The terms “hydrophobic” and “hydrophilic” are typically used in a non-specific sense and, as such, they have a limited utility. Surface thermodynamic theory, as described here, allows a natural and potentially powerful definition of these terms. The boundary between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity occurs when the difference between the apolar attraction and the polar repulsion between molecules or particles of material (1) immersed in water (w) is equal to the cohesive polar attraction between the water molecules. Under these conditions, the interfacial free energy of interaction between particles of 1, immersed in water (ignoring electrostatic interactions), ΔG 1 1 IF exactly zero. When ΔG 1 1 IF is positive, the interaction of the material with water dominates and the surface of the material is hydrophilic; when ΔG 1 1 IF is negative, the polar cohesive attraction between the water molecules dominates and the material is hydrophobic. Thus, the sign of defines the nature of the surface and the magnitude of may be used as the natural quantitative measure of the surface hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity.
Monolithically integrated, photoreceiver with large, gain-bandwidth product

A direct-detection 800 nm GaAs monolithically integrated photoreceiver is reported with a photocurrent gain of 200 and a 1 GHz bandwidth capable of driving a 50 ? load with IV peak pulses. The integrated NPN photodiode has over 7GHz bandwidth and requires no modifications to the ion-implanted GaAs MESFET process. The 200GHz gain-bandwidth product and 3200 V/W responsivity are among the highest reported for similar receivers.
Cluster analysis of symptoms in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a pilot study.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressures leading to right heart failure and death.Aims: The aim of this study was to use cluster analysis to describe the symptom profile in PAH and differences in the health outcomes of health status, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological states in the cluster groups.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. A convenience sample completed a socio-demographic and clinical data form, a PAH Symptom Severity and Interference Scale, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36), the United States Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (US CAMPHOR) and the Short Form of the Profile of Mood States (POMS).Results: Of the 151participants, the mean age was 53.5 ± 15.1 with the majority female (n = 128, 85%). Fifty-eight (41%) were disabled and 67 (44%) were Functional Class IV. The most prevalent symptoms were shortness of breath with exertion (n = 149, 99%) and fatigue (n = 14...
Optimal algorithms for symmetry detection in two and three dimensions

Exact algorithms for detecting all rotational and involutional symmetries in point sets, polygons and polyhedra are described. The time complexities of the algorithms are shown to be θ (n) for polygons and θ (n logn) for two- and three-dimensional point sets. θ (n logn) time is also required for general polyhedra, but for polyhedra with connected, planar surface graphs θ (n) time can be achieved. All algorithms are optimal in time complexity, within constants.
Metastable Mesoscopic Phases in Concentrated Protein Solutions

The Gibbs's definition of a phase assumes completely homogeneous composition, with fluctuations bringing about local variations of less than a few percent. We apply light scattering, atomic force microscopy, and other techniques to demonstrate that even solutions of a single protein of moderate concentration do not comply with Gibbs's definition of phase. In such solutions clusters of sizes from several tens to several hundred nanometers exist and have limited lifetimes. These clusters have a higher free energy than the protein solution, and their lifetime is determined by the barrier for their decay. The clusters affect the viscous and viscoelastic behavior of the solution and are an essential part of potential condensation and aggregation pathways. Since the clusters are observed in solutions of single proteins, they indicate that the proteins have an intrinsic propensity to form mesoscopic structures, which is probably utilized in the formation of the protein complexes in the cytosol. Cluster theories developed for colloid systems appear inapplicable to proteins due to the high level of implied Coulomb repulsion. The experimental evidence on the clusters suggests that their sizes are determined by the kinetics of growth and decay, and not by thermodynamics. A microscopic theory to account for stabilizing and destabilizing factors involving protein molecules and solvent inside the clusters has not yet been developed.