cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Size-selective shell cross-linked interior functionalized siloxane nanocages.

A new structure, consisting of a shell cross-linked, 2 nm size siloxane nanocage containing propylamine groups tethered to the interior face of the shell was synthesized, starting with micelles of the surfactant molecule, (triethoxysilyl)propylcetylcarbamate. After hydrolysis of the ethoxysilyl groups and condensation and capping of the silanols to form a cross-linked, one-atom-layer-thick siloxane shell, the carbamate was converted to amine, releasing the cetyl group from the structure and resulting in the desired spherical nanocage. The intermediates in the synthesis process and the final structure were characterized by 1H and 29Si NMR, DLS, TEM, and mass spectroscopy. The amine groups tethered to the interior surface of the shell react readily with ninhydrin but do not interact with the larger ZnTPP, indicating molecular size selectivity by the cross-linked shell. The structure also exhibits confinement effect in the amine-catalyzed decarboxylation of acetoacetic acid, exhibiting higher activity and hi...
Laboratory measurements of large-scale near-bed turbulent flow structures under spilling regular waves

The instantaneous turbulent velocity field created by the breaking of spilling regular waves on a plane slope was measured in a plane running parallel to the slope using particle image velocimetry. The measurement plane was located at a height of about 1 mm above the bed. The measurement area encompassed the region where the large eddies generated at incipient wave breaking impinged on the bottom inside the surf zone. A total of 30 trials were conducted under identical experimental conditions. In each trial, six consecutive wave cycles were recorded. The measured velocity fields were separated into a mean flow and a turbulence component by ensemble averaging. The instantaneous turbulent velocity fields were analyzed to determine the occurrence frequency, location, geometry and evolution of the large eddies, and their contributions to instantaneous shear stresses, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulence energy fluxes. The motion of single glass spheres along the bed was also investigated. The two-phase flow measurements showed that the velocity and displacement of large solid particles on a smooth bed were significantly affected by the magnitude and direction of turbulence velocities. Overall, this study has examined the kinematic and dynamic properties of large eddies impinging on the bed and the interaction of these large-scale turbulent flow structures with the mean flow. The study has also highlighted the important role of large eddies in sediment transport.
Cloning of cDNA for the glutamate-binding subunit of an NMDA receptor complex

THE amino acids L-glutamic and L-aspartic acids form the most widespread excitatory transmitter network in mammalian brain1,2. The excitation produced by L-glutamic acid is important in the early development of the nervous system3,4, synaptic plasticity and memory formation5,6, seizures7,8 and neuronal degeneration9,10. The receptors activated by L-glutamic acid are a target for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases, brain ischaemia and epilepsy. There are two types of receptors for the excitatory amino acids, those that lead to the opening of cation-selective channels and those that activate phospholipase C (ref. 11). The receptors activating ion channels are NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) and kainate/AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate)-sensitive receptors. The complementary DNAs for the kainate/AMPA receptor12,13 and for the meta-botropic receptor14 have been cloned. We report here on the isolation and characterization of a protein complex of four major proteins that represents an intact complex of the NMDA receptor ion channel and on the cloning of the cDNA for one of the subunits of this receptor complex, the glutamate-binding protein.
Detection of atomic interference through collective radiation.

We demonstrate a unique atomic interferometer employing collective radiation from the atoms to measure the atomic phase. Atomic coherence is detected by interference of a continuous free-induction decay field and a continuous photon-echo field that originate in spatially separated regions of an atomic beam. Using this system, we measure the 180° phase shift of a J = 0 atomic state that undergoes a 2π-rotation of the Bloch vector or a two-level optical transition.
Planar graph decomposition and all pairs shortest paths

An algorithm is presented for generating a succinct encoding of all pairs shortest path information in a directed planar graph G with real-valued edge costs but no negative cycles. The algorithm runs in O(pn) time, where n is the number of vertices in G, and p is the minimum cardinality of a subset of the faces that cover all vertices, taken over all planar embeddings of G. The algorithm is based on a decomposition of the graph into O(pn) outerplanar subgraphs satisfying certain separator properties. Linear-time algorithms are presented for various subproblems including that of finding an appropriate embedding of G and a corresponding face-on-vertex covering of cardinality O(p), and of generating all pairs shortest path information in a directed outerplannar graph.
Kepler and the resonant structure of the solar system

Abstract Molchanov's ordering the solar system by a table of resonance relations recalls an earlier attempt by Johannes Kepler (1571–1630).
Clinical Ethics: Case Reports, Consults, and Commentaries

This recurring feature highlights challenging cases in clinical ethics, with commentaries by ethical, clinical, and legal experts. The two cases in this issue come from two of the dozen hospitals i...
Expansion of open sets and decomposition of continuous mappings

The notion of expansionA of open sets is introduced. ThenA-expansion continuous mappingf:X→Y is defined. The main result of this note is that a mappingf is continuous if and only if it is bothA-expansion continuous andB-expansion continuous, whereA-expansion,B-expansion are two mutually dual expansions.
The ground state of the Sc2 molecule

Abstract The X-band ESR spectrum of the 45Sc2 molecule was observed in neon and argon matrices at 4 K. Two fine-structure transitions with extensive 45Sc(I = 7 2 ) hyperfine structure were analyzed to establish that the ground state of Sc2 is 5Σ. The hyperfine parameters were shown to be in essential agreement with a sσ1 do1 dπ2 electronic configuration.
Minuscule elements of Weyl groups

Abstract We provide several characterizations of the “λ-minuscule” elements of Weyl groups studied by D. Peterson and R. A. Proctor and extend Proctor's classification from the simply-laced case to the general case.
Interactions of endothelin-1 with dexamethasone in primary cultured human trabecular meshwork cells.

Purpose Concentrations of aqueous humor endothelin (ET)-1 are increased in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) as well as in animal models of glaucoma. Glucocorticoids have also been associated with glaucoma, in that topical administration of glucocorticoids can increase intraocular pressure by increasing outflow resistance in the trabecular meshwork (TM) in some individuals. Recent research has shown that dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid, can increase the release of ET-1 from human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (HNPE) cells, a source of aqueous ET-1. In the present study, the downstream interaction of ET-1 with Dex in target TM cells, an action that may alter outflow resistance, was investigated. Methods A normal primary human TM (NTM) cell line and a TM cell line derived from a glaucomatous eye (GTM) were used. The cells were treated with vehicle or Dex. The mRNA levels of prepro-ET-1, endothelin receptor A (ET(A)), and endothelin receptor B (ET(B)) were measured by quantitative RT-PCR (QPCR). The protein expression of ET(A) and ET(B) receptors were investigated by Western blot analysis using polyclonal anti-ET(A) and anti-ET(B) antibodies, respectively, on plasma membrane fractions. Intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) mobilization mediated by ET-1 was measured using the Fura-2 AM fluorescent probe technique as an index of ET receptor function. ET-1-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) release was measured using a Griess colorimetric NO synthase assay kit. Results Both NTM and GTM cultured cells expressed prepro-ET-1 mRNA less abundantly than did HNPE cells, and Dex treatment had no effect on the mRNA expression of the ET-1 gene. TM cells expressed mRNA of ET(A) receptors as detected by QPCR, whereas the ET(B) message was not clearly delineated. Western blot analysis showed that both ET(A) and ET(B) receptor proteins were present. The ET(A) receptor was linked to calcium mobilization as ET-1 produced an increase in intracellular calcium release, and this increase was blocked with a selective ET(A) receptor antagonist. Dex failed to induce any change in the expression of the ET(A) receptor in both NTM and GTM cells, and this was supported by the absence of a Dex effect on the ET-1-induced calcium response. However, Dex treatment diminished ET(B) receptor protein expression and produced a decrease in ET-1-stimulated release of NO, a response mediated by ET(B) receptors in TM cells. Conclusions The Dex-induced increase in ET-1 released by HNPE cells coupled to the downstream Dex-induced specific suppression of ET(B) receptor protein expression and declines in ET-1-mediated increase in NO released by TM cells could increase contraction and decrease relaxation of the TM and contribute to the declines in conventional aqueous humor outflow and increases in intraocular pressure that occur with glucocorticoids.
The Accountability Movement: What’s Wrong With This Theory of Change?

In the field of program evaluation, one of the first things evaluators often do to evaluate a program is to identify the “theory of change” behind the program and create a “logic model” to articula...
Radical treatment of mal perforans in diabetic patients with arterial insufficiency

Abstract Forty patients with diabetes mellitus and severe mal perforans underwent dorsal excision of the involved metatarsal head with primary closure of the plantar ulcer. Patients were screened before operation with noninvasive studies documenting pulse examination, ankle pressure index, and toe blood pressures. Fifteen of 40 patients (38%) had no palpable pedal pulses. Three patients had vascular reconstruction before metatarsal head resection. Mean toe pressure of the entire group was 135 ± 35 mm Hg (range, 60 to 190), with six patients having a pressure less than 100 mm Hg. All patients had primary healing of the plantar wound and secondary healing of the dorsal incision with no amputations or readmissions for forefoot sepsis in the mean follow-up of 38.5 months (range, 2 to 54 months). In seven patients with recurrent ulcers, no relationship was found between measured indexes of forefoot perfusion and recurrence. However, all patients with recurrence were noncompliant in returning for follow-up orthotic care. This technique provides a means to ensure rapid healing of severe mal perforans while decreasing hospitalization, wound care, and periods of immobilization and is applicable in diabetic patients with arterial insufficiency and toe pressure of at least 60 mm Hg. (J VASC SURG 1990;12:264-8.)
Structure of the Gulf Stream and Its Recirculations at 55°W

Abstract Two years of direct current and temperature observations from an army of 13 current meter moorings deployed near 55°W as part of the SYNOP (Synoptic Ocean Prediction) Experiment have been used to explore the spatial and temporal variability of the Gulf Stream from three points of view. In the geographic reference frame, mean eastward velocities were observed from the surface to 4000 m. There was no evidence of westward flow south of the eastward jet, suggesting that the Worthington recirculation gyre was located south of the array during this time period. Westward flow was observed north of the jet only at 4000 m, where it had a magnitude comparable to the mean Gulf Stream (5–10 em s−1). These data also indicate that the mean eastward jet is much more vertically aligned than was depicted in an earlier picture constructed from noncontemporaneous observations. In the Lagrangian, or streamwise, reference frame, it was found that, at the thermocline level, the width of the “average synoptic” Gulf Str...
Treatment of Upper Lip Wrinkles: A Comparison of the 950 μsec Dwell Time Carbon Dioxide Laser to Manual Tumescent Dermabrasion

Background. High-energy pulsed or computer-scanned continuous-wave carbon dioxide (CO2) laser resurfacing has gained popularity as a wrinkle treatment because of its minimal thermal injury and precise control of tissue vaporization depth. Manual tumescent dermabrasion has also been effective for treating facial wrinkles. This is, to our knowledge, the first study comparing the use of CO2 laser to manual tumescent dermabrasion for the treatment of wrinkles on the upper lip. Objective. To compare prospectively the clinical efficacy of the 950 μsec dwell time CO2 laser to that of manual tumescent dermabrasion in the treatment of upper lip wrinkles. Methods. Twenty female subjects with moderate to severe upper lip wrinkles were randomly treated with the 950 μsec dwell time CO2 laser on one side of the upper lip and manual tumescent dermabrasion on the other. Results. The average upper lip laser-treated wrinkle score (0 = none to 5 = severe) decreased from 4.3 ± 0.2 before treatment to 1.8 ± 0.3 at 6 months after treatment. The average upper lip dermabrasion-treated wrinkle score decreased from 4.4 ± 0.2 to 1.5 ± 0.3. The degree to which the wrinkle score improved after laser treatment compared with that after dermabrasion was not statistically significant (P = .216). Conclusion. Manual tumescent dermabrasion and 950 μsec dwell time CO2 laser resurfacing are equally effective for the treatment of upper lip wrinkles.
Globalization and Religious Organizations: Rethinking the Relationship between Church, Culture, and Market

This article explores the organizational complexities that occur when religions attempt to operate globally. Based on the author's research on one of the new Japanese religions—Sekai Kyusei-kyo—it focuses on two aspects of transnational religious coordination. First, it shows how culture shapes religions' reception in each locality. Second, it shows the superiority of heterarchical over hierarchical organization: like successful transnational corporations, heterarchical religions move decision-making to the periphery, leaving the center with the task of normative integration. Local culture can, however, trump even such organizational flexibility. The article explores the theoretical implications of this for market-oriented sociologies of religion.
Dopamine D4 receptor involvement in the discriminative stimulus effects in rats of LSD, but not the phenethylamine hallucinogen DOI.

Rationale Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) differs from other types of hallucinogens in that it possesses direct dopaminergic effects. The exact nature of this component has not been elucidated. Objective The present study sought to characterize the effects of several dopamine D4 agonists and antagonists on the discriminative stimulus effect of LSD at two pretreatment times and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), a selective 5-HT2A/2C agonist. Materials and methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were trained in a two-lever, fixed ratio (FR) 50, food-reinforced task with LSD-30 (0.08 mg/kg, i.p., 30-min pretreatment time), LSD-90 (0.16 mg/kg, i.p., 90-min pretreatment time), and DOI (0.4 mg/kg, i.p., 30-min pretreatment time) as discriminative stimuli. Substitution and combination tests with the dopamine D4 agonists, ABT-724 and WAY 100635, were performed in all groups. Combination tests were run using the dopamine D4 antagonists A-381393 and L-745,870 and two antipsychotic drugs, clozapine and olanzapine. Results WAY 100635 produced full substitution in LSD-90 rats, partial substitution in LSD-30 rats, and saline appropriate responding in DOI-trained rats. ABT-724 partially mimicked the LSD-90 and LSD-30 cues, but produced no substitution in DOI-trained rats. In combination tests, both agonists shifted the dose–response curve of LSD leftward, most potently for the LSD-90 cue. The D4 antagonists significantly attenuated both the LSD-90 and LSD-30 cue, but had no effect on the DOI cue. Conclusion Dopamine D4 receptor activation plays a significant modulatory role in the discriminative stimulus effects in LSD-90-trained rats, most markedly for the later temporal phase of LSD, but has no effect on the cue produced by DOI.
Electrochemical characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotube coated electrodes for biological applications

Abstract Carbon nanotubes, if used as a coating film on a conductive substrate, can substantially raise the charge storage capacity and lower the impedance of electrodes without significant increases to the geometric area. This is especially interesting in the case of stimulation of nervous tissue. We design implantable electrodes targeted at wide frequency stimulation of deep brain structures. Here we report on results in vitro with multi-walled carbon nanotubes coatings applied onto stainless steel substrates using direct current electrophoresis. We experimentally demonstrate, through electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy, the enhanced performance of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) coatings for implantable electrodes by contrasting our experimental results against the more traditional stainless steel substrate characteristics. We also investigate surface morphology of aged electrodes. The interest in aged electrodes is dual fold: implantable electrodes have to be mechanically stable and present high shelf life. On the other hand, chemical modifications of the surface should be characterized. The effect of superficial oxygen adsorption on the aged MWCNT electrodes is observed through a modified cyclic voltammetric spectrum, but not through any changes in impedance spectroscopy.
Fast prefix code processing

As large main memory becomes more and more available at reasonable prices, processing speed of large data sets becomes more important than reducing main memory usage of internal data structures which are small compared to the available main memory capacity. In this paper we describe the use of a finite state machine for fast processing of prefix codes that significantly improves decoding performance in practice, and that is easy to implement. We present an intuitive explanation of this method, an extension to discover symbol boundaries in compressed data, implementation details, and we also provide experimental performance results.
Ten Steps for Conceptualizing and Conducting Qualitative Research Studies in a Pragmatically Curious Manner

In a world of methodological pluralism and mixed-methods, qualitative researchers can take a pathway of pragmatic curiosity by exploring their research interests and the possible design and methodology choices to create studies that not only allow them to pursue their investigative curiosities, but also result in coherent and effective systems of procedural choices. Ten steps are offered for researchers to conceive and conduct qualitative research projects that are both responsive to research goals
A polymerase chain reaction-based method for the identification of DNA samples from common vertebrate species.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of vertebrate genomic DNAs using a (CAC)n primer was found to generate species-specific patterns which are resolvable by agarose gel electrophoresis. Of the thirteen species tested (trout, frog, chicken, mouse, rat, cow, dog, African green monkey, chimpanzee, orangutan, gorilla, rhesus macaque, and human), all species showed discrete amplification products ranging in size from 1.0 to 3.2 kbp although trout and frogs had only weak (CAC)n amplification products. Most species had three to six bands except rodents, who had eight bands, and cows, who had a single band at 2.2 kbp. Importantly, within a single species, different unrelated individuals had highly similar amplification band patterns although the relative intensities of the bands varied. This held true even when different unrelated humans of different racial backgrounds were tested. We conclude that this technique is potentially useful for identifying which vertebrate species contributed DNA to a given biological sample (e.g., bloodstains, semen, hair) and that only a very small amount of sample is necessary for the analysis.
Semidefinite Programming Algorithms for Sensor Network Localization using Angle Information

The problem of position estimation in sensor networks using a combination of distance and angle information as well as pure angle information is discussed. For this purpose, a semidefinite programming relaxation based method that has been demonstrated on pure distance information is extended to solve the problem. Practical considerations such as the effect of noise and computational effort are also addressed. In particular, a random constraint selection method to minimize the number of constraints in the problem formulation is described. The performance evaluation of the technique with regard to estimation accuracy and computation time is also presented by the means of extensive simulations
Massively parallel structured multifrontal solver for time-harmonic elastic waves in 3-D anisotropic media

SUMMARY We present a massively parallel structured multifrontal solver for the equations describing time-harmonic elastic waves in 3-D anisotropic media. We use a multicomponent second-order finite-difference method. We extend the corresponding stencil to enhance the accuracy of the discretization without increasing the order. This accuracy is aligned with the tolerance level used for the Hierarchically SemiSeparable (HSS) low rank matrix compression underlying our solver. The interplay between the finite accuracy discretization and the finite accuracy matrix solver yields the key strategy which leads to the architecture of our algorithm. We analyse the relevant matrix structures, (numerically) estimate the rank of the dense matrices prior to the HSS compression and study the effect of anisotropy, and deduce the complexity and storage requirements of our algorithm.
Response to ‘pervasive sequence patents cover the entire human genome’ - authors’ reply

An author reply to the Letter to the Editor from Tu et al. regarding Pervasive sequence patents cover the entire human genome by J Rosenfeld and C Mason. Genome Med 2013, 5:27.
Transverse tails and higher order moments

The tails that may be engendered in a beam's transverse phase space distribution by, e.g., intrabunch wakefields and nonlinear magnetic fields, are an important diagnostic and object of tuning in linear colliders. Wire scanners or phosphorescent screen monitors yield one dimensional projected spatial profiles of such beams that are generically asymmetric around their centroids, and therefore require characterization by the third moment in addition to the conventional mean-square or second moment. A set of measurements spread over sufficient phase advance then allows the complete set , , , and to be deduced-the natural extension of the well-known 'emittance measurement' treatment of second moments. The four third moments may be usefully decomposed into parts rotating in phase space at the /spl beta/-tron frequency and at its third harmonic, each specified by a phase-advance-invariant amplitude and a phase. They provide a framework for the analysis and tuning of transverse wakefield tails. >
Scales and arrangements of large wood in first- through fifth-order streams of the Blue Ridge Mountains

Large wood frequency and volume were examined as a function of landscape characteristics at different spatial and temporal scales in 50 reaches of the Upper Little Tennessee River basin with drainage areas ranging from 0.3 to 30.1 km2. Riparian forest cover was described laterally at the reach scale and longitudinally 1 km upstream in all tributaries. Riparian cover was analyzed with geomorphic and additional landscape variables to isolate factors that most influence wood in streams. Forested area immediately surrounding the reach was the strongest predictor of wood frequency and volume, although upstream riparian cover can explain additional variation in wood distributions. An optimal forested buffer width around the stream for large wood was not evident. The relationship between the riparian forest and wood weakens in bigger channels, as fluvial transport of pieces increases. Resurveys demonstrate that large wood is most dynamic in wide, forested reaches and changes function during floods to store sedim...
Potentials and promises of computational intelligence for smart grids

The electric power grid is a complex adaptive system under semi-autonomous distributed control. It is spatially and temporally complex, non-convex, nonlinear and non-stationary with a lot of uncertainties. The integration of renewable energy such as wind farms, and plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles further adds complexity and challenges to the various controllers at all levels of the power grid. A lot of efforts have gone into the development of a smart grid to align the interests of the electric utilities, consumers and environmentalists. Advanced computational methods are required for planning and optimization, fast control of power system elements, processing of field data and coordination across the grid. Distributed and coordinated intelligence at all levels and across levels of the electric power grid — generation, transmission and distribution is inevitable if a true smart grid is to be reality. Computational intelligence (CI) is the study of adaptive mechanisms to enable or facilitate intelligent behavior in complex, uncertain and changing environments. These adaptive mechanisms include artificial and bio-inspired intelligence paradigms that exhibit an ability to learn or adapt to new situations, to generalize, abstract, discover and associate. The paradigms of CI mimic nature for solving complex problems. CI is successor of artificial intelligence and is the way of the future computing. This paper presents the potentials and promises of CI to realize an intelligent smart grid.
Characterization of Excitatory Amino Acid Modulation of Dopamine Release in the Prefrontal Cortex of Conscious Rats

The effect of various classes of excitatory amino acid agonists on the release of dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) of awake rats was examined using intracerebral microdialysis. Local infusion of 20 muM alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA), through the microdialysis probe, produced a significant increase of more than twofold in extra-cellular levels of dopamine. Application of 100 microM AMPA increased these levels nearly 15 fold. The AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) (50microM) blocked the increase in dopamine release produced by 20 microM AMPA. Local infusion of kainate at concentrations of 5 and 20 microM increased dopamine release by nearly 150 and 500%, respectively. Local application of CMQX (50 microM) before 20 microM kainate significantly attenuated the stimulatory effect of kainate on dopamine levels. In contrast to AMPA and kainate, infusion of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) at 20 or 100 microM did not increase dopamine release. In fact, a trend toward a decrease in dopamine release was evident after 100 microM NMDA. The present study indicates that the in vivo release of dopamine in the PFC is facilitated by AMPA and kainate receptors. This modulation is more profound than that previously reported in basal ganglia. The lack of an excitatory effect of NMDA is in agreement with recent reports that the NMDA receptor may inhibit indirectly dopaminergic neurotransmission in the PFC.
Categories in action: person-reference and membership categorization:

The article begins with an effort to clarify and differentiate a variety of terms used by analysts in dealing with mentions of persons in conversation and other forms of talk-in-interaction — such ...
Review: femoral nerve block may be the most effective option for pain relief following total knee replacement

Implications for practice and research: Utilisation of continuous femoral nerve blockade (FNB) following knee replacement surgery can provide superior pain relief and fewer side effects, compared to traditional patient-controlled opioid analgesia. Further research is needed to compare the effectiveness of FNB to other pain management strategies, such as local anaesthetic infiltration and multimodal oral pain medication.
El caballero del Verde Gabán y el caballero de los Leones: la plenitud del encuentro

En la aventurera vida de don Quijote se impone un intersticio, que ocupa el tiempo necesario para que el caballero andante y don Diego Miranda se expresen y se conozcan. En la azarosa vida se cuela la plenitud del encuentro de dos personajes que representan la fidelidad a su propio destino. Como consecuencia, en la presentacion de la vocacion de don Diego Miranda y en la autoafirmacion de don Quijote asistimos a una profunda exploracion del ser humano, de lo que es y de lo que puede llegar a ser. De ahi que al analizar este episodio no puedo menos que recordar la opinion de Milan Kundera sobre el genero novela: «La novela no examina la realidad sino la existencia. Y la existencia no es lo que ya ha ocurrido, la existencia es el campo de las posibilidades humanas, todo lo que el hombre puede llegar a ser, todo aquello de que es capaz» Efectivamente, despues del exitoso encuentro de don Quijote con el Caballero de los Espejos, el caballero andante se hallara en su camino con nuevos desafios, no en forma de batallas que tiene que vencer, sino de personajes de la nobleza o cercanos a ella a los que enfrenta su ideaP. El primero de ellos es don Diego Mi-
Enhancement of Murine Coronavirus Replication by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Protein 6 Requires the N-Terminal Hydrophobic Region but Not C-Terminal Sorting Motifs

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus encodes several accessory proteins of unknown function. We previously showed that one such protein, encoded by ORF6, enhanced the growth of mouse hepatitis virus in tissue culture cells and in mice. Protein 6 consists of an N-terminal hydrophobic peptide and a C-terminal region containing intracellular protein sorting motifs. Herein, we show that mutation of the hydrophobic region but not the sorting motifs affected the ability of protein 6 to enhance virus growth. Collectively, these results support the notion that the 6 protein interacts with membrane-bound viral replication or assembly machinery to directly enhance virus replication and virulence in animals.
Interstory drift monitoring in smart buildings using laser crosshair projection

A new method is proposed for measuring interstory drift, the shifting of floors relative to one another when a building undergoes wind or earthquake loading. A free-space crosshair beam is projected from ceiling to floor onto a square of four position-sensitive photodetectors. Every lateral position and torsional angle gives a unique set of voltages at the photodetector outputs; thus, as the floors shift with respect to one another under load, detector voltages vary, the new beam axis location is determined, and the 2-D interstory drift is obtained. The theory of operation and a quasi-static verification of the method using micropositioning stages to provide input displacements are reported. Lateral positions, including translational and rotational components, are calculated from the photodetector outputs, and show excellent agreement with input displacements. The overall performance of the sensor system is extremely linear and predictable, and appears robust enough for field deployment. It is envisioned that some day it could serve as the input to an active control system used to stabilize smart buildings experiencing earthquake and wind loads.
Interpretation of the Adult Polysomnogram

Polysomnography provides information on the physiological changes occurring in many different organ systems in relation to sleep stages and wakefulness. It allows qualitative and quantitative documentation of abnormalities of sleep and wakefulness, of sleep-wake transition, and of physiological function of other organ systems that are influenced by sleep. Polysomnography is considered to be the "gold standard" for diagnosing sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and other sleep disorders; however, as with most other diagnostic tests, polysomnography is not ideal, but is rather the best available method to diagnose SDB. Review of clinical history, pre- and post study questionnaires, medications, and technician's comments at the time of interpreting the PSG provides a unique opportunity to correlate clinical and electrophysiological data, and is a good investment of time toward improving patient outcomes and avoidance of unnecessary testing.
Queuing and other idiosyncracies

: The most obvious differences between British and American English are in spelling and pronunciation and in the form and reference of words. Such differences, being obtrusive, are easily identified by speakers of the other dialect. Less obvious differences are those of subtle variation in semantics and grammar, especially those that are stylistic rather than systematic. Unobtrusive differences are seldom pointed to overtly by speakers of the other dialect, but can be identified by the fact that they are eliminated when speakers of one dialect restate the meaning of a text originally in a dialect foreign to them. These generalizations are supported by an elicitation experiment in which 90 native speakers of American English were presented with a notice from a British public utility office and were asked to restate the message in their own words and then to identify any words or expressions in the original that seemed strange to them. A comparison of their paraphrases with a corresponding notice from an American utility office shows considerable accuracy in the collective sense of how American and British styles differ for public notices.
The use of the personal computer in power engineering education at Auburn University

Graphical user interface software developed at Auburn University is discussed. The power systems software ranges from the typical steady-state analysis algorithms for power flow and fault calculations to the dynamic analysis of rotating machines. In various forms, this software is utilized in the classroom, the laboratories, and as a supplement to out-of-class student work. A description of the power engineering curriculum at Auburn University is used to illustrate how the various personal computer applications are used.
mSin3-associated protein, mSds3, is essential for pericentric heterochromatin formation and chromosome segregation in mammalian cells

The histone code guides many aspects of chromosome biology including the equal distribution of chromosomes during cell division. In the chromatin domains surrounding the centromere, known as pericentric heterochromatin, histone modifications, particularly deacetylation and methylation, appear to be essential for proper chromosome segregation. However, the specific factors and their precise roles in this highly orchestrated process remain under active investigation. Here, we report that germ-line or somatic deletion of mSds3, an essential component of the functional mSin3/HDAC corepressor complex, generates a cell-lethal condition associated with rampant aneuploidy, defective karyokinesis, and consequently, a failure of cytokinesis. mSds3-deficient cells fail to deacetylate and methylate pericentric heterochromatin histones and to recruit essential heterochromatin-associated proteins, resulting in aberrant associations among heterologous chromosomes via centromeric regions and consequent failure to properly segregate chromosomes. Mutant mSds3 molecules that are defective in mSin3 binding fail to rescue the mSds3 null phenotypes. On the basis of these findings, we propose that mSds3 and its associated mSin3/HDAC components play a central role in initiating the cascade of pericentric heterochromatin-specific modifications necessary for the proper distribution of chromosomes during cell division in mammalian cells.
Dicofol (kelthane®)‐induced eggshell thinning in captive american kestrels

Reproductive parameters of American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were measured through two breeding seasons. Exposure to Kelthane® (containing no DDT-related compounds) at dietary concentrations of 0 (control), 1,3, 10 and 30 μg/g (wet weight) began in late November before, and continued through, the second season. Kelthane thinned eggshells and lowered the thickness index at dietary concentrations ≥3 μg/g and it reduced shell weight at ≥10μg/g when comparisons were to concurrent controls. Kelthane reduced the thickness index at ≥3 μg/g and it reduced shell thickness and weight at ≥10 μg/g when comparisons were to the same birds during the previous season. All changes were dose-related. It was not previously known that as little as 3 μg/g dicofol could cause these effects. Kestrels resembled previously studied eastern screech-owls (Otus asio) in that 10 μg/g reduced hatchability of eggs. Both these raptors showed eggshell changes without serious effects on production of young. Available data show dicofol only equal to or less effective than DDE as a shell-thinning agent. Also, DDE may have more impact than dicofol on such critical aspects of reproduction as egg hatchability and survivability of hatchlings. Field studies of dicofol residues in food chains and of residue concentrations in eggs vs. nesting success from areas of heavy dicofol use are needed to judge this chemical's ecological impact.
ECONOMIES OF SCOPE AND THE SCOPE OF THE ENTERPRISE

Abstract This paper examines elements of an efficiency-based theory of the multiproduct firm. The theoretical framework developed by Williamson to explain vertical integration is extended to explain diversification. The proposition is advanced that a cost function displaying economies of scope has no direct implications for the scope of the business enterprise. However, if economies of scope are based upon the common and recurrent use of proprietary knowhow or the common and recurrent use of a specialized and indivisible physical asset, then multiproduct enterprise (diversification) is an efficient way of organizing economic activity. These propositions are first developed in a general context and then examined in the context of diversification in the U.S. Petroleum industry.
An Examination Of The Economic Impact Of Pension Rate Reductions On Future Pension Expense, Earnings, And Cash Flows: A Simulation

In this paper, we develop a two-period analytical model of pension cost, which allows us to simulate pension expense and the associated earnings impact. These estimates are important because they provide information to the market, and because they are useful in estimating future cash flows or for other analytical purposes. This is especially true now, because the economic environment has deteriorated to a point that many investors perceive increased uncertainty with respect to pension plans and the effect they have on future income. Some plan sponsors have not been faced with pension plan losses for over a decade or longer, having enjoyed reduced or eliminated funding holidays as a result of high returns to pension plan assets. Given the current economic climate, however, these results (boosts to earnings due to pension credits and reduced or eliminated funding requirements) may change abruptly. In fact, several authors in the popular financial press have speculated on the impact of such fundamental changes in pension assets, liabilities and estimates. We simulate the potential results for two periods in the future based upon percentiles drawn from a sample of 1,116 firms taken from Compustat. We compute projected pension expense for the 25th percentile firm, the median firm, and the 75th percentile firm by varying the discount rates, expected rates of return, and actual asset return assumptions. Our results indicate that while the pension expense effect is large in both periods across small, mid-sized and large firms, large firms show the greatest increase in pension expense. Interestingly, however, the earnings impact is the smallest for large firms in both periods, and is not material in period one for both large and mid-sized firms. It is material for small firms. Firms with small pension plans appear to have the greatest earnings drag both one and two years into the future. In period two, all firms face significantly greater expense and earnings reductions, although again, smaller firms face the greatest impact. In addition, all firms face significantly increased cash funding requirements in order to prevent funding ratios (plan assets scaled by pension liabilities) from deteriorating. These results suggest not only future earnings reductions form pension rate changes, but also a potential cash flow impact as well.
Association between quality of life and clinical outcome in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer receiving chemotherapy with concurrent and maintenance bevacizumab: Results from a prospective multicenter phase III NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) trial

A phase II evaluation of cediranib in the treatment of recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) study D.P. Bender, M. Sill, H. Lankes, C.J. Darus, J. Delmore, J. Rotmensch, H.J. Gray, R.S. Mannel, J.M. Schilder, K.K. Leslie, H.D. Reyes, M. Hunter, C.K. McCourt, M. Samuelson. University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Gynecologic Oncology Group Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY, USA, Maine Medical Partners, Scarborough, ME, USA, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, Wichita, KS, USA, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
Glutamine and glucose metabolism in enterocytes of the neonatal pig

Glutamine and glucose metabolism was studied in 0- to 21-day-old pig enterocytes. Cells were incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min in Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) in the presence of 2 mM [U-14C]glutamine with or without 5 mM glucose, or 5 mM [U-14C]glucose with or without 2 mM glutamine. Glutamine was metabolized to ammonia, glutamate, alanine, aspartate, CO2, citrulline, ornithine, and proline, whereas glucose was converted to lactate, pyruvate, and CO2 in pig enterocytes. CO2 production from glutamine accounted for 32-36% and 3-4% of utilized glutamine carbons in 0- to 7-day-old and 14- to 21-day-old pigs, respectively. The rates of O2 consumption and metabolism of glutamine and glucose decreased in enterocytes from 2- to 14-day-old pigs compared with 0-day-old pigs. By day 14 after birth, the oxidation of glutamine and glucose as well as citrulline production had decreased by 90-95%. Arginine synthesis from glutamine occurred in cells from 0- to 7-day-old pigs but not 14- to 21-day-old ones. Glucose (5 mM) had no effect on glutamine utilization and oxidation or the production of glutamate and arginine but stimulated the formation of alanine, citrulline, and proline at the expense of aspartate. In contrast, glutamine (2 mM) inhibited glycolysis and glucose oxidation in cells from 0- to 7-day-old pigs and had no effects in 14- to 21-day-old pigs. As a result, glutamine contributed approximately 2-fold greater amounts of ATP to 0- to 7-day-old pig enterocytes than glucose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mathematical Optimization Techniques for Moving Field Radiation Treatment Design

The design of treatment for external beam radiotherapy is a complex process that requires a knowledge of physics, anatomy, and mathematics. For a particular case, the design of treatment reduces to developing the most appropriate dose distribution which is affected by a variety of factors including radiation attenuation and scatter, tissue inhomogeneities, and patient contour variations. The variables in the design process include the beam sizes and entry angles, energy types, wedge and block corrections, and differential weightings of the various beams. The purpose of this paper is to summarize a body of work on mathematical optimization techniques for treatment design, and to demonstrate a mathematical model for the design of treatment using moving field techniques.
Interactive viscosity

When the Macintosh first made graphical user interfaces popular the notion of each person having their own computer was novel. Today's technology landscape is characterized by multiple computers per person many with far more capacity than that original Mac. The world of input devices, display devices and interactive techniques is far richer than those Macintosh days. Despite all of this diversity in possible interactions very few of these integrate well with each other. The monolithic isolated user interface architecture that characterized the Macintosh still dominates a great deal of today's personal computing. This talk will explore how possible ways to change that architecture so that information, interaction and communication flows more smoothly among our devices and those of our associates.
It is what it eats: Chemically defined media and the history of surrounds.

The cultivation of living organs, cells, animals, and embryos in the laboratory has been central to the production of biological knowledge. Over the twentieth century, the drive to variance control in the experimental setting led to systematic efforts to generate synthetic, chemically defined substitutes for complex natural foods, housing, and other substrates of life. This article takes up the history of chemically defined media with three aims in mind. First, to characterize patterns of decontextualization, tinkering, and negotiation between life and experimenter that occur across disparate histories of cultivation. Second, to highlight the paradoxical historicity of cultivated organisms generated to be freed from context, as they incorporate and embody the purified amino acids, vitamins, plastics, and other artificial supports developed in the name of experimental control. Third, to highlight the figure-ground reversal that occurs as these cells and organisms are reconsidered as accidentally good models of life in industrialized conditions of pollution and nutrient excess, due to the man-made nature of their surrounds. Methodologically, the history of surrounds is described as an epigenetic approach that focuses on the material relations between different objects and organisms previously considered quite separately, from explanted organs to bacteria to plant cells to rats to human embryos.
Semi-Empirical Prediction of Airfoil Hysteresis

A semi-empirical method is presented to estimate the angular excursion and the lift loss associated with static hysteresis on an airfoil. Wind tunnel data of various airfoils is used to define and validate the methodology. The resulting equation provides a relationship between the size of the hysteresis loop and characteristics of the airfoil. Comparisons of the equation with experiment show encouraging agreement both in terms of the magnitude of the lift loss and the extent of the loop.
Effect of quinones on adaptive enzyme formation in a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

SummaryCatechol added with benzoate inhibits the formation of the enzyme which oxidizes benzoate in a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Added with succinate and ammonium sulfate 2 hours before benzoate it facilitates the formation of the benzoate enzyme. Protocatechuic acid only facilitates the formation. Dopa and epinephrine also inhibit enzyme formation, the former only when added with benzoate, the latter when added before or with benzoate. Hydroquinone, quinone, and p-aminophenol inhibit formation, the first 2 only when added with benzoate. The last is more effective when added before benzoate.