cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sleep dysfunction and psychosocial adaptation among women undergoing treatment for non-metastatic breast cancer.

Sleep disturbances are common among women diagnosed with breast cancer (BCa) [1].Ancoli-Israel et al. [2] showed that sleep disturbances were associated with fatigue and daytime dysfunction prior to adjuvant treatment for the disease. The authors emphasized the importance of understanding sleep patterns before cancer treatment in order to optimally intervene to improve sleep disturbances related to BCa diagnosis. A limitation of the analyses conducted by Ancoli-Israel et al. is the dearth of statistical control for variables such as pain, depression and anxiety that may impact the relationship between sleep and psychosocial and functional outcomes. Determining the independent role of sleep as it relates to symptoms such as fatigue and other quality of life indicators may aid in the identification of specific intervention treatment targets to improve outcomes for cancer patients. The present study examined women with breast cancer in the weeks after surgery (i.e., lumpectomy or mastectomy) and before adjuvant treatment had begun. At this point, physical symptoms and interference in daily life were quite high. Post-surgical issues included reduced satisfaction with physical appearance (particularly the chest), physical sensations (e.g., numbness, tightness, and swelling), reduced energy levels, pain, sleep problems, and decreased quality of life [3–5]. Many of the women in the present study were also preparing to undergo adjuvant treatment (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation, or tamoxifen), and may have been experiencing anticipatory anxiety [6]. Although sleep has been investigated in a similar sample of women with BCa before chemotherapy [2], it has not, to our knowledge, been systematically related to a theoretically derived set of indicators of psychosocial adaptation while controlling for a range of relevant covariates. The current study aimed to (a) determine the frequency of sleep disturbances in women prior to adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, and (b) determine whether greater sleep dysfunction uniquely predicts poorer functional outcomes. With a larger sample than previously studied [2], the current study is powered to examine the unique contribution of sleep to function.
Multiplicity distribution and mechanisms of the high-energy hadron collisions

We discuss the multiplicity distribution for the highest accessible energies of {ital pp} and {bar p}p interactions from the point of view of multiparton collisions. The inelastic cross sections for single {sigma}{sub 1} and multiple (double and, presumably, triple) {sigma}{sub 2} parton collisions are calculated from the analysis of experimental data on the multiplicity distribution up to Fermilab Tevatron energies. It is found that {sigma}{sub 1} becomes energy independent while {sigma}{sub 2} increases with {radical} (s) for {radical} (s) {ge}200 GeV. The observed growth of {l_angle}p{sub {perpendicular}}{r_angle} with multiplicity is attributed to the increasing role of multiparton collisions for the high-energy {bar p}p(pp)-inelastic interactions. {sigma}{sub 2+3} reproduces quite well the cross section for minijet production. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Iodine nutrition: iodine content of iodized salt in the United States.

Adequacy of iodine nutrition in the United States has lately been of concern. A major source of dietary iodine for the U.S. population is iodized salt. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) recommends 60–100 mg KI/kg salt, equivalent to 46–76 mg I/kg salt. All U.S. iodized salt contains 45 mg I/kg according to labels. We collected samples of table salt from freshly opened containers from U.S. volunteers. A sample was sent to us when the can was first purchased. Subsets of volunteers sent further samples when the salt container became half-empty through normal use and a further final sample when the container was nearly finished. We also looked at iodine distribution homogeneity within individual containers, loss of iodine from salt upon exposure to humidity and sunlight, and upon short-term heating (dry and in solution) as may be encountered in cooking. Measurements were made in 0.01% w/v salt solutions by induction coupled plasma−mass spectrometry with 72Ge as an internal standard. The median and...
An evaluation of the competitiveness of the US coal market

Abstract This paper examines the competitiveness of the US coal industry. The methodological approach is based on a comparison of what actually occurred in 1979, 1980 and 1981 with what a cost-minimizing (transportation type) model for the same years would have predicted. The level of disaggregation in the model is consistent with that of the National Coal Model [4] which has 31 supply regions, 44 demand regions and 40 different coal types. The clear conclusion which emerges is that modelling the US coal industry in a cost-minimizing framework is valid.
Visualization of Acute Pulmonary Emboli by Transesophageal Echocardiography

This report describes a patient who became hypoxic and hypotensive while awaiting cardiac surgery. An urgent transesophageal echocardiogram in the operating room showed a mass at the junction of the main and right pulmonary arteries consistent with thrombus. The thrombus was removed surgically, and the patient then had a successful aortic valve replacement. Transesophageal echocardiography is therefore useful in the evaluation of the critically ill patient.
Effects of O3 on alder photosynthesis and symbiosis with Frankia

summary Alnus serrulata (Aiton) Willdenow seedlings with and without root nodules formed by the nitrogen-fixing actinomycete Frankia were exposed to clean filtered air or ozone (O3) at 0.12 μl l−1 for 27 d (approximately 164 h total exposure). Gas exchange measurements on leaves and transmission electron micrographs of root nodule cells were made to detect any O3 effects on the functioning of leaves and the root symbiont. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and internal CO2, concentration were calculated for all plants in clean O3-free air more than three weeks after the fumigations began. Significant positive correlations between photosynthesis and conductance were found for leaves of control nodulated and unnodulated alders and O3-treated nodulated alders. There was a weak positive correlation between photosynthesis and conductance for unnodulated O3-treated seedlings measured in clean air. When O3-treated leaves were measured during fumigation with O3, no positive correlation between photosynthesis and conductance was found for either nodulated or unnodulated seedlings. Photosynthetic rates of leaves having the highest stomatal conductance values were decreased by O3for both nodulated and unnodulated plants. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that after a 27 d exposure of shoots to O3, host root cells of nodules from O3-treated plants lacked organelles and showed extensive cytoplasmic breakdown. Hyphae and N2-fixing vesicles of Frankia appeared normal. The Frankia endophyte seems to be more resistant to O3 than is the host root nodule cell. These results show that ambient levels of O3 may reduce photosynthesis and bring about associated degradation in rhizosphere symbiosis.
Testing C++ generic libraries

We describe a novel methodology for systematic and rigorous testing of C++ generic libraries: separate testing. The approach is based on separate testing of generic (template) algorithms and data structures and of user-defined types that will be used with the library. Templates are tested against specifications using representative types called prototypes that contain metadata which is used to query otherwise unobservable properties of the input types and values. User-defined types are tested against the concepts required by the generic components of the library. Testing separately minimizes the required effort while fully exercising all components involved. The methodology is supported by the Origin Testing library, which is, in turn, being used to test the remainder of the Origin C++ 11 libraries.
Molecular control of rabbit urinary bladder hypertrophy

Summary Chronic obstruction of the lower genitourinary tract, the major manifestation of BPH, results in characteristic pathological changes in the structure and function of the bladder. Here, we describe how an experimental animal model of bladder outlet obstruction involving the rabbit has been used to identify specific genetic markers associated with the response of the bladder to partial outlet obstruction. More important, these types of studies indicate that two particular growth factors, basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-β, act in a strategic and opposing manner to regulate bladder growth and regression in response to partial outlet obstruction. urinary bladder hypertrophy / hyperplasia / apoptosis / growth factors
Effects of Foreshortening on Shallow Sub-surface Flows Observed with Local Helioseismology

From the results given in a recent paper by Zaatri et al. (2006, Solar Phys.236, 227) it is clear that foreshortening effects play a major role in estimating the magnitude and direction of meridional and other flows in the shallow solar sub-surface layers using local helioseismology. Using a different algorithm to account for these effects I arrive at a significantly different estimate for the meridional flows.
The Search for European Sector Exposure

The belief that sectors are more diversified than countries and that sectors explain more of the return of stocks than countries do has become very widespread. Particularly in Europe, the majority of investors have been following a “sector approach” for several years. In this article, I review a range of instruments for sector-based allocation including portfolio trades, futures, swaps, and exchange-traded funds (ETFs).
The geometry of musical structure: a brief introduction and history

The purpose of this article is to provide a general introduction to the idea that musical structure can be represented geometrically. It begins by defining those elements that appear in the models in the three papers that follow. A brief review is given of psychological results demonstrating that these music-theoretic definitions describe implicit knowledge that listeners have of tonal-harmonic music. This is followed by a brief historical summary of maps that were proposed previously of keys, tones, and chords, and a hybrid tone-chord map. The article then summarizes a number of issues that arise in connection with geometric representations. Finally, the innovations in the three proposed models are highlighted, particularly their contributions to visualizing the dynamics and temporal relationships that exist in extended musical pieces.
Auditory pattern perception: the effect of tonal frequency range on the perception of temporal order.

Previous research in auditory sequence recognition based on the order of the components has suggested two conflicting hypotheses. This paper explores possible reasons for the conflict, and proposes a $hybrid% hypothesis consistent with the published data: The discrimination of sequences is better when permuted tones belong to a single perceived group, but the order of tones in different perceived groups is available. In the present study, subjects discriminated sequences forming two perceived groups, only one of which contained an order change, and sequences in three control conditions. Even though the experimental condition included order changes in one perceived group as well as among tones in different perceived groups, discrimination performance was significantly worse than in the control conditions, and fell to chance when all conditions were presented in random order. Performance improved significantly when the experimental condition was presented alone. This result supports the hybrid hypothesis, but several alternative explanations are discussed.
Influence of rupture strength of interfacially polymerized thin-film structure on the performance of polyamide composite membranes

Abstract The permeation properties of a thin-film composite (TFC) membrane depend upon the material properties as well as the structural properties of the polymer forming the active layer. Membranes with the active layers prepared with 1,3,5-benzentricarbonyl chloride (TMC) and aliphatic diamines including dimethylenediamine (DMDA), 1,6-hexamethylenediamine (HMDA), and 1,9-nonamethylenediamine (NMDA) exhibit inferior performance compared to membranes with active layers composed of aromatic diamines including 1,3-benzendiamine (MPDA) and 1,4-benzendiamine (PPDA). It is also observed that the water flux for these membranes decreases as the length of the methylene chain increases due to decreasing hydrophilicity. Furthermore, because of the low rupture strength of the thin-films that form the active layer, the salt rejection also decreases with increasing methylene chain length. The membranes prepared with MPDA and various acyl chlorides including 1,6-hexamethylenedicarbonyl chloride (SC), 1,3-benzenedicarbonyl chloride (IPC), and 1,4-benzene dicarbonyl chloride (TPC) have low rupture strength and poor performance characteristics except for the membrane having network structure, TMC. It is observed that while hydrophilicity has a small effect on the permeation performance of the thin-films its effect of the rupture strength is large. Membranes with weak rupture strength evidence low salt rejection. Hence, the permeation performance of composite membranes with thin-films having weak mechanical strength at high operating pressures depends upon not only the physicochemical properties of the active material including the chemical properties, but also the mechanical strength of the polymer comprising the thin-film.
Study "guesstimated" how many cancers would have occurred without mammography screening.

De Glas and colleagues’ conclusions are incorrect, having adopted the faulty method used by Bleyer and Welch.1 2 All authors incorrectly claimed massive overdiagnosis of breast cancer and failure to reduce the rate of advanced cancers.3 4 Both papers rely on “guesstimating” how many cancers would have occurred without screening and falsely claim that the excess beyond their guesses would …
E-Therapy: Caveats from Experiences with Telephone Therapy

Experiences with telephone counseling are used to illustrate potential problems for e-therapy: therapy becoming conversational, problems of transference and countertransference, and the effects of client's control and immediacy of contact.
The Use of the Career Decision Scale in Career Assessment

The history, development, and empirical foundations of the Career Decision Scale (CDS; Osipow, Carney, Winer, Yanico, & Koschier, 1976; 1987) are reviewed and summarized. The major research findings using the instrument are examined, along with its various uses in program planning, practice with special populations, and theory. Issues related to the instrument's use with women and men are briefly discussed, as are the cross-cultural applications of the measure. Finally, the controversy regarding the factor structure of the scale is reviewed.
Prostate Cancer Knowledge in Irish Men

Men require prostate cancer (Pca) knowledge to practice health-seeking behaviours. Nine hundred seventy-nine men participated in a Pca screening programme comprising IPSS, bother score and health belief questionnaire. Men with private insurance had greater knowledge. Forty-nine percent (481) assessed their health status as average. Seventy-five percent (735) visited the GP at least once per year. The majority (576) felt well informed about health matters. Fifty-five percent (542) knew the prostate location but only 319 (33%) could identify it on a diagram. Forty-one percent (401) could not name a symptom. Few knew risk factors but 98% would attend a Pca screening clinic and sought more information. Men lack knowledge to pursue healthier behaviours and should be targeted possibly through a men’s health initiative.
SHIFTING PATTERNS OF OBSIDIAN EXCHANGE IN POSTCLASSIC OAXACA, MEXICO

In this paper, we present a diachronic analysis of obsidian procurement patterns during the Postclassic period in the Lower Rio Verde region of Oaxaca. The study is based on x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and visual analysis of obsidian artifacts from excavated household contexts at Early Postclassic (a.d. 800–1100) Rio Viejo and Late Postclassic (a.d. 1100–1522) Tututepec (Yucu Dzaa). We report the presence of at least six sources of obsidian imported to the lower Rio Verde region in the Early Postclassic, whereas during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries of the Late Postclassic, the local assemblage was dominated by obsidian from Pico de Orizaba and Pachuca. Changes in obsidian procurement patterns in the lower Rio Verde region through time are interpreted in light of sociopolitical change at the local, regional, and macroregional scales. The study represents the most detailed analysis of Postclassic period obsidian exchange yet reported from Oaxaca.
Explaining Political Tunnel Vision: Politics and Economics in Crisis-Ridden Europe, Then and Now

The grip of austerity in European politics since 2008 presents a double puzzle: electorally weak center-left parties offering no definite alternative, and the surprisingly efficient pursuit of “fiscal consolidation”. To understand this double puzzle this article investigates the institutional bases of alternative economic thinking during the 1930s versus the post-2008 crisis years. Noting the recent prominence of a new social type, the European economist-technocrat (eet), I highlight the historically specific order to which the eet is indigenous: rarefied, international professional circuits that tend to work over, not through, party politics. This contrasts sharply with the nationally-based, party-connected economists who developed new economic orthodoxies between the 1930s and 1960s, including Keynes himself. Approaching the study of economic culture in the public sphere in a Polanyian moral markets framework, I argue that the linkages between European economics and financial technocracies help to explain Europe’s double puzzle. Theoretically, I argue that a focus on expertise and parties, and not just states, is central to our understanding of economic culture in the public sphere.
Work, Welfare, and Protection Orders: Modeling Changing Earnings in the Context of Group Differences and Institutional Shifts:

Researchers who study violence against women often face problems when trying to understand the causes of individual changes in the context of group differences, targeted interventions, and institutional shifts. The authors explore these problems through research on the connections among women’s earnings, welfare, and protection orders. The authors use multigroup, piecewise, latent growth curve models to explore differences in the initial earnings and earnings changes for two groups: welfare recipients who have and who have not petitioned for a restraining order. The authors further examine these differences in the context of institutional change, specifically the implementation of the Personal Responsibility Act of 1996.
Histamine and reflex vasodilatation in the rat

Abstract These results indicate that norepinephrine induces a reflex vasodilatation in the rat which is essentially abolished by tripelennamine, and is reduced by Compound 48/80 pretreatment. It was shown that tripelennamine did not depress vascular reactivity and that its blocking effect appears specific for histamine-induced vasodilatation. These data support the concept that active reflex vasodilatation exists in the rat and suggest histamine involvement.
Leadless endocardial left ventricular resynchronization: is it ready for prime time?

This editorial refers to ‘Feasibility, safety and short-term outcome of leadless ultrasound-based endocardial left ventricular resynchronization in heart failure patients. Results of the Wireless Stimulation Endocardially for CRT (WiSE-CRT) study’ by A. Auricchio et al ., on page 681 . Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) entails placement of a left ventricular (LV) lead in patients with heart failure, systolic dysfunction, and dyssynchrony in order to coordinate electrical and mechanical ventricular activation to improve ventricular function. Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves functional capacity, reduces heart failure hospitalization, and prolongs survival in recipients1,2 However, 30–35% of patients fail to respond to CRT.3 Mechanisms proposed to account for non-response have included poor patient selection, suboptimal LV lead position with regard to LV segment, and more recently, epicardial as opposed to endocardial electrical activation of the LV.4 To overcome these limitations, a leadless endocardial LV pacing system (WiCs-LV system) has been developed. In the WiCs system, a small, bullet-like, wireless LV endocardial bipolar electrode is deployed that transduces ultrasound energy into electrical pacing pulses. A subcutaneous pulse generator is implanted alongside a standard pacemaker or defibrillator (the ‘co-implant’). The subcutaneous pulse generator detects the co-implant's right ventricular (RV) pacing pulse, triggering generation of an ultrasound pulse that the LV endocardial plug converts to a near-synchronous LV pacing waveform. In this issue of the Journal , Auricchio et al. 5 report on the feasibility and safety of the wireless endocardial LV pacing system. Left ventricular pacing via a lead in the epicardial coronary venous system introduces many potential mechanisms of non-response. Coronary venous valves, tortuosity, or absence of branches (particularly in the setting of ischaemic disease or previous surgery) may preclude pacing the site of latest activation. Epicardial LV leads have higher pacing thresholds than endocardial leads, dislodge in 6% of patients, and result …
Lexical and phonological development in children with childhood apraxia of speech – a commentary on Stoel-Gammon's ‘Relationships between lexical and phonological development in young children’*

Although not the focus of her article, phonological development in young children with speech sound disorders of various types is highly germane to Stoel-Gammon's discussion (this issue) for at least two primary reasons. Most obvious is that typical processes and milestones of phonological development are the standards and benchmarks against which we measure disorder and delay. Factors that impact children without disorders may suggest underlying causes or co-occurring symptoms of speech sound deficits, prognostic indicators of improvement, appropriate remediation strategies or some combination of these. Equally important is the fact that studying children with disorders can help us to verify and, in some cases, even unpack relationships among factors that are so closely interwoven in children who develop their phonologies at the typically very rapid rate that their individual influences cannot be discerned. Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is a particularly interesting case in point because, while it is universally accepted to be a motor speech disorder, symptoms include deficits in speech perception and often in literacy-related skills as well.
High Throughput Screening of Marine Coatings using Biological Assays

A combinatorial workflow for developing organic surface coatings has been developed. The workflow is uniquely designed to prepare and evaluate marine coatings that prevent biofouling on the hulls of ships. A critical component of the workflow is the high throughput screening of settlement and ease of removal of marine organisms from coating surfaces. Methods have been developed to directly and indirectly quantify marine bacterial biofilm growth and retention. Correlations have been developed between these high throughput bioassays and results from ocean testing.
Recorded food intake of obese women with binge eating disorder before and after weight loss.

Because binge eating in obese individuals has been postulated to be a reaction to dietary restriction, we examined the recorded food intake of 17 obese women with and 16 obese women without binge eating disorder (BED) during 1-week periods before and 3 months after a very low calorie diet program in order to determine the effects of dietary restriction on binge eating frequency and severity. Before weight loss, rather than reporting severe caloric restriction, women with BED reported greater average energy intake than nonbinge eaters on both a total (2707 vs. 1869 kcal/day, p < .01) and weight-adjusted (25.1 vs. 18.1 kcal/kg, p < .01) basis, with both higher intake on nonbinge days and an increased frequency of binge days. After weight loss, there was no significant difference in energy intake, on either a total or weight-adjusted basis, between subjects with and without BED. Although average daily energy intake fell for both groups after weight loss, only subjects with BED reported significantly decreased energy intake when adjusted for change in body weight. This resulted from decreased intake on nonbinge days and a decreased frequency of binge days. Before weight loss, subjects with BED reported an average energy intake equivalent to 94% of their predicted energy expenditure. Whereas subjects without BED reported intake only 64% of predicted (p = .002). After weight loss, there was no significant difference between subjects with and without BED in the percentage of predicted energy expenditure reported as intake (64% vs. 58%). Restraint was similar in both groups before weight loss, but those with BED reported greater hunger and disinhibition. After weight loss treatment, restraint increased significantly, whereas disinhibition and hunger remained elevated in subjects with BED. Disinhibition, rather than restraint, appears to be a major contributor to the disordered eating of these individuals. Unlike normal-weight women with bulimia nervosa, dietary restriction does not appear to worsen symptoms of bingeeating in obese women with BED. Over the short term, subjects with BED may respond to a standard weight loss treatment program with improvements in binge eating behaviors. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Weak-Light Reinforcement with and Without Control for Response Facilitation

(1960). Weak-Light Reinforcement with and Without Control for Response Facilitation. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 181-184.
LIPOXYGENASES: Structural Principles and Spectroscopy

Lipoxygenases catalyze the formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides, products used in further biochemical reactions leading to normal and pathological cell functions. X-ray structure analysis and spectroscopy have been applied to elucidate the mechanism of lipoxygenases. Two X-ray structures of soybean lipoxygenase-1 reveal the side chains of three histidines and the COO- of the carboxy terminus as ligands to the catalytically important iron atom. The enzyme contains a novel three-turn pi-helix near the iron center. Spectroscopic studies, including electron magnetic resonance, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, infrared circular dichroism, and magnetic circular dichroism, have been applied to compare lipoxygenases from varied sources and with different substrate positional specificity.
Delivering power with minimal restraint: APL and the web

Networked computers have been used for over 30 years. APL has been part of that environment from the beginning. One key value APL has always provided is the ability for individuals and groups to be independent of complex, centralized administration.Today, APL continues to excel in that role. New technologies often require centralized administration of services such as Web page development and publishing, report printing and distribution, Web based interactive applications and Web enabled data delivery.We have been able to provide these types of services in a way that allows users connected worldwide to a singe APL system to develop, test and distribute data and applications with a minimum of overhead and central control. This paper will discuss four areas of services and several applications in each area.The four areas are:1. Web Mapped APL Files.These allow any user that can create and manage an APL file to create a Web site and distribute non-interactive data.2. Global Print Distribution via FTP.This facility allows any network user to define their PC, Workstation or Server to the APL FTP delivery system. Once defined, reports can be automatically FTPed to their PC from any corporate network host, not just the APL host.3. Parameterized Interactive Web Applications.This is a Web metasystem that allows any APL user to define an interactive Web site using a centralized Web server based in APL. Once the initial registration is complete, the user is free to change or expand their web application using simple, but powerful tools.4. Application-to-Application Systems.These are applications that require custom software on both the server and client systems. These offer the most tailored user interface, but require the most sophisticated programming, in general.
Expression optimization using unary complement operators

For purposes of code optimization there are two basic philosophies of expression analysis: one approach would attempt to do a relatively complete analysis, detecting all redundancies which are logically possible. The other approach would aim at those things which are easily detected and/or highly likely to occur. This paper gives a set of algorithms which derive from the latter philosophy but which are based on general properties rather than specific facts about a particular language or machine. The first section of the paper gives details of a notation used for describing code and defining algorithms. The most significant feature of this notation is that it allows operands to be complemented by any number of “complement operators”. This is done because most of the algorithms make frequent use of the properties of such operators. The second section describes a canonical form for expressions and a series of algorithms based on this form and the properties of complement operators. There are various facets of compiler structure which might bear on the exact usage of these algorithms. Although such considerations are not part of the scope of this paper, occasional comments are made about the relationship of an algorithm to other parts of a compiler. The third section contains a discussion of how these algorithms would fit within an overall optimizer structure.
Simple depressed skull fracture causing sagittal sinus stenosis and increased intracranial pressure: case report and review of the literature

The surgical management of depressed skull fractures is determined in part by whether a fracture is open or closed. Open fractures are usually elevated surgically, but closed fractures are most often treated nonoperatively, and the only 2 indications commonly described for operative treatment of closed fractures are hematoma evacuation and correction of cosmetic deformity. There is another indication, however, that is occasionally encountered when a depressed skull fracture injures a venous sinus. This injury can result in venous sinus stenosis, leading to venous hypertension and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). A case is presented of closed depressed fracture of the midline skull, causing compressive stenosis of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), venous hypertension, and encephalopathy. The fracture was surgically elevated to relieve the compression of the SSS and the encephalopathy resolved. The clinical identification, the imaging, and the risks and benefits of operative repair of this condition are reviewed. Increased ICP secondary to venous sinus injury is not commonly described in association with closed depressed skull fractures, but should always be considered in patients with the appropriate clinical findings when a fracture overlies a venous sinus, even in the absence of a hematoma.
Exploring Reactions to Hacktivism Among STEM College Students

This study investigated the predictors of support for and resistance to hacktivism in a sample of 78 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics majors at a Midwestern university. Results from surveys about real-world instances of hacktivism indicate different preexisting global attitudes predict specific situational hacktivism support predicted by admiration versus resistance predicted by willingness to report. Also, participants gave greater weight to their perceptions of hacktivist rather than target trustworthiness/untrustworthiness. Comparisons among different facets of trustworthiness suggest perceptions of shared values with and integrity of the hacktivists are especially important for predicting support and resistance. Participants also were more supportive of hacktivism rated as having higher utilitarian value but not less supportive of hacktivism initiated for retribution. Mediation analyses indicated that situation perceptions significantly mediated the effects of global attitudes on hacktivism support/resistance, but that the significance of specific mediators was inconsistent across analyses. This suggests that the importance of mediators may depend on specific context.
Effect of Phosfon D on the Amino Acid Content and Protein Quality of Two Snap Bean Cultivars

Two cultivars of snap beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. were treated with soil applications of Phosfon D, a growth retardant, at 10−3M and 10−3M concentrations. Total nitrogen and ammo acids were determined on the bean pods of the two cultivars and in the treated pods. Cultivar and treatment differences in amino acid content were found. Phosfon D stimulated the synthesis of nonprotein nitrogen compounds in the cultivar Eagle and increased the synthesis of amino acids in the cultivar Nemasnap. Differences in the amino acids were not sufficiently large to change the protein quality in the snap beans. The limiting amino acid in the snap beans was methionine.
The Role of Thallium as a Hydrogen Entry Promoter on Cathodically Polarized HY-130 Steel

Hydrogen permeation experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of thallium on hydrogen entry into HY-130 steel. These experiments show that the presence of thallium ions in an electrolyte drastically increase the hydrogen entry rate. The hydrogen entry efficiency and hydrogen surface coverage were increased by a factor of 10 and 6, respectively. In order to fit the permeation experimental data, the Iyer-Pickering-Zamanzadeh (I-P-Z) hydrogen permeation model was modified by including a mass-transfer term in the discharging equation. The relationship between hydrogen permeation and the hydrogen evolution reaction were investigated and new relationships were obtained.
Herbivory differentially alters plant litter dynamics of evergreen and deciduous trees

Here we propose that herbivore-induced changes in leaf litter quality can modify aboveground litterfall dynamics differentially in evergreen and deciduous trees. Because aboveground plant litterfall is an important source of nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems, any factor that alters plant litter quality can have large "afterlife" effects on the decomposition rate of that litter and the subsequent rate of nutrient release. Two contrasting patterns emerge from the literature and are corroborated by our two experimental case studies. First, in evergreens, herbivory commonly results in premature leaf abscission, improved litter "quality" and an acceleration of litter decomposition. Second, in deciduous trees, herbivory commonly results in the induction of secondary compounds that decelerates decomposition. We argue that these broad patterns reflect predictable differential responses to herbivores that can have important consequences for terrestrial nutrient cycling and productivity and that warrant more attention in the literature. © OIKOS.
Definitions of dataset in the scientific and technical literature

The integration of heterogeneous data in varying formats and from diverse communities requires an improved understanding of the concept of a dataset, and of key related concepts, such as format, encoding, and version. Ultimately, a normative formal framework of such concepts will be needed to support the effective curation, integration, and use of shared multi-disciplinary scientific data. To prepare for the development of this framework we reviewed the definitions of dataset found in technical documentation and the scientific literature. Four basic features can be identified as common to most definitions: grouping, content, relatedness, and purpose. In this summary of our results we describe each of these features, indicating the directions a more formal analysis might take.
A CAD Model for Creep Behavior of RF-MEMS Varactors and Circuits

In this paper, we propose a compact computer-aided design (CAD) model that may be utilized to simulate the creep behavior of RF microelectromechanical systems (RF-MEMS) varactors in RF circuits and subsystems. This model is capable of calculating the long-term response of RF-MEMS devices to an arbitrary input waveform. It is implemented using Agilent's Advanced Design System (ADS). The presented CAD model employs the generalized Voigt-Kelvin model to capture the long-term behavior of RF-MEMS devices. It is experimentally validated with measurements of Ni varactors that extend up to 760 h of constant loading. Its effectiveness is demonstrated with a tun able RF-MEMS resonator and an RF-MEMS phase shifter. The tunable resonator that consists of one λ/2 coplanar waveguide resonator and two nanocrystalline-Ni RF-MEMS varactors is fabricated and measured. S-parameters of this tunable resonator have been recorded for 80 h under a bi-state bias condition of 0 and 40 V. It is shown that the resonant frequency is shifted by 90 MHz and the varactor deformed by 0.12 μm over the 80-h period. Good agreement between the CAD model and the measurements is obtained. The impact of the duty factor of the bias signal is also discussed. The model's capability of handling arbitrary input is demonstrated on an RF-MEMS phase shifter operated with a sawtooth waveform.
The developmental genetics of polymorphism in the rotifer Asplanchna. 3. Quantitative modification of developmental responses to vitamin E, by the genome, physiological state, and population density of responding females.

An increase in the level of vitamin E in the diet of amictic female Asplanchna fed paramecia and reproducing by parthenogenesis elicits three responses: (1) the mixis response: a proportion of their offspring develop into mictic females, which reproduce bisexually; (2) the BWO response: the offspring develop regular body-wall outgrowths and (3) a reduction in fecundity of amictic females. The quantitative control of these responses has been studied. Genotypic modification of the BWO response has been demonstrated by showing consistent quantitative differences in the response of different clones from the same or different natural populations. Variation in the BWO response has also been demonstrated among the progeny of different females from a clone, and among the individual progeny of single females. The age of a female proved to be a significant physiological factor affecting both the BWO and mixis responses as measured in her offspring. The composition of the culture fluid may also modify the BWO response. An environmental variable of special interest is population density. The BWO, mixis and fecundity responses are all enhanced at high densities, and this effect is seen at natural population levels. It is suggested that this effect may help explain the observation that mixis generally coincides with peaks of population density in nature; this variable, rather than levels of dietary vitamin E per se, may be the most significant factor controlling polymorphism in nature. The density effect has been shown to be due to one or more conditioning factors, possibly pheromones, liberated by the female rotifers.
TUBERCULOSIS OF THE HIP

In a review of seventy-six patients with proved tuberculous arthritis in seventy-seven hip joints treated by arthrodesis, the end results were good in 52 per cent. (thirty-seven patients), fair in 22 per cent. (sixteen patients), poor in 8 per cent. (six patients), and the total mortality was 18 per cent. (thirteen patients). The result was unknown in five patients. Both general and local therapy, designed to improve the general health and to furnish complete rest to the hip, is recommended for considerable periods both before and after operation. This study supports the contention that the arthrodesis should be done at an optimum time in the course of the disease. The seriousness of mixed tuberculous and pyogenic infection of the hip is stressed by the incidence of this complication in the poor results and deaths. The age of the patient, the duration of preoperative care, sinuses, abscesses, changes as shown by roentgenograms, type of arthrodesis, and pulmonary tuberculosis influenced the end results in this series of cases.
Temporal Order and Disorder in a Model That Regulates Ovulation Number

The overwhelming majority of follicles that initiate growth in the mammalian ovary atrophy before reaching full ovulatory maturity. However, the number of follicles that emerge fully mature in each cycle, the ovulation number, is a controlled and characteristic number of the species or breed. For example, in many mammals removing an ovary does not cut the ovulation number in half. Instead, the number of follicles per cycle that reach full maturity doubles in the remaining ovary to compensate for the removal of its partner [1].
Sounds Like Light: Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity and Mach’s Work in Acoustics and Aerodynamics

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Nonnegative matrix tri-factorization with graph regularization for community detection in social networks

Community detection on social media is a classic and challenging task. In this paper, we study the problem of detecting communities by combining social relations and user generated content in social networks. We propose a nonnegative matrix tri-factorization (NMTF) based clustering framework with three types of graph regularization. The NMTF based clustering framework can combine the relations and content seamlessly and the graph regularization can capture user similarity, message similarity and user interaction explicitly. In order to design regularization components, we further exploit user similarity and message similarity in social networks. A unified optimization problem is proposed by integrating the NMTF framework and the graph regularization. Then we derive an iterative learning algorithm for this optimization problem. Extensive experiments are conducted on three real-world data sets and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Flight Validation of Metrics Driven L1 Adaptive Control

The paper addresses initial steps involved in the development and flight implementation of new metrics driven L1 adaptive flight control system. The work concentrates on (i) definition of appropriate control driven metrics that account for the control surface failures; (ii) tailoring recently developed L1 adaptive controller to the design of adaptive flight control systems that explicitly address these metrics in the presence of control surface failures and dynamic changes under adverse flight conditions; (iii) development of a flight control system for implementation of the resulting algorithms onboard of small UAV; and (iv) conducting a comprehensive flight test program that demonstrates performance of the developed adaptive control algorithms in the presence of failures. As the initial milestone the paper concentrates on the adaptive flight system setup and initial efforts addressing the ability of a commercial off-the-shelf autopilot with and without adaptive augmentation to recover from control surface failures.
Epigenetic programming alterations in alligators from environmentally contaminated lakes.

Abstract Previous studies examining the reproductive health of alligators in Florida lakes indicate that a variety of developmental and health impacts can be attributed to a combination of environmental quality and exposures to environmental contaminants. The majority of these environmental contaminants have been shown to disrupt normal endocrine signaling. The potential that these environmental conditions and contaminants may influence epigenetic status and correlate to the health abnormalities was investigated in the current study. The red blood cell (RBC) (erythrocyte) in the alligator is nucleated so was used as an easily purified marker cell to investigate epigenetic programming. RBCs were collected from adult male alligators captured at three sites in Florida, each characterized by varying degrees of contamination. While Lake Woodruff (WO) has remained relatively pristine, Lake Apopka (AP) and Merritt Island (MI) convey exposures to different suites of contaminants. DNA was isolated and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) was used to isolate methylated DNA that was then analyzed in a competitive hybridization using a genome-wide alligator tiling array for a MeDIP-Chip analysis. Pairwise comparisons of alligators from AP and MI to WO revealed alterations in the DNA methylome. The AP vs. WO comparison identified 85 differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) with ⩾3 adjacent oligonucleotide tiling array probes and 15,451 DMRs with a single oligo probe analysis. The MI vs. WO comparison identified 75 DMRs with the ⩾3 oligo probe and 17,411 DMRs with the single oligo probe analysis. There was negligible overlap between the DMRs identified in AP vs. WO and MI vs. WO comparisons. In both comparisons DMRs were primarily associated with CpG deserts which are regions of low CpG density (1–2 CpG/100 bp). Although the alligator genome is not fully annotated, gene associations were identified and correlated to major gene class functional categories and pathways of endocrine relevance. Observations demonstrate that environmental quality may be associated with epigenetic programming and health status in the alligator. The epigenetic alterations may provide biomarkers to assess the environmental exposures and health impacts on these populations of alligators.
International diagnostic systems and Latin-American contributions and issues.

The complex socio-cultural features of Latin peoples throughout the Americas represent a potent challenge to health care planning. Attempting to meet this challenge requires consideration of the suitability of diagnostic systems as key clinical and public health tools, as well as exploration of promising ways for improving them.
Personality and Conceptions of the Self

An important aspect of personality involves the ways in which people attend to, perceive, and think about themselves. This article discusses how differences in self-consciousness, self-concept, self-evaluations, and desired and undesired selves related to people's thoughts, emotions, and behavior.