cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Compression Gives Rise to Metaphor and Metonymy

It is a great virtue of cognitive linguistics to have explored the central role of metaphor and metonymy in human conceptualization. Recent work has studied in depth the mappings, compressions, and integrations that yield a diversity of surface products, not just in language use, but also in religion, art, math, technology, and other human endeavors. In the present talk, I discuss a range of phenomena, broadly classified as metonymy, but in fact quite different from each other in terms of mapping schemes, degrees of compression, and deferred reference. Typically, such phenomena also involve metaphoric compressions and covert parallel counterfactuals. In order to refine the analyses, linguistic tests will be proposed, based on the distribution of reflexives and substitution in causal chains. The detailed examination of compression in meaning construction leads to a research program that seeks to understand metaphor and metonymy in terms of deeper regularities and a wide range of mapping possibilities.
Reassessing Risk Factors in Pediatric Patients With Pacemakers Implanted for Atrioventricular Block: The Impact of Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia.

INTRODUCTION In pediatric patients with pacemakers implanted for atrioventricular block (AVB), nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) detected during routine surveillance is a finding of unknown significance. We sought to describe the incidence of NSVT and determine if there was an association between NSVT and adverse outcomes in these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS This is a single-center retrospective study of 136 patients (1971-2013) with pacemakers implanted for advanced and complete AVB. EXCLUSION CRITERIA structural heart disease, diagnoses of myocarditis, cardiomyopathy or channelopathy preceding AVB diagnosis, and sustained or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) as the first occurring arrhythmia after pacemaker implant. During median follow-up of 11.6 years (IQR 4.3 years, 17 years), 14 (10%) patients had NSVT. There were 6 (4.4%) deaths. Overall, Kaplan-Meier 20-year survival from time of implant was 93%. By univariate analysis, earlier mortality was associated with NSVT (P = 0.010), sustained left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (P = 0.004), maternal autoantibodies (P = 0.017), and acquired AVB (P = 0.049). By multivariate analysis, earlier mortality was associated with NSVT (HR: 5.39 [95% CI: 1.02-28.41]; P = 0.047) and sustained LV dysfunction (HR: 10.24 [95% CI: 1.83-57.32]; P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS In children with pacemakers implanted for AVB, NSVT is not uncommon and may be associated with increased mortality. Persistent LV dysfunction may also be a potential factor associated with death. Closer follow-up should be considered in patients with these findings. Large, multicenter studies should be considered to confirm these findings and identify risk stratification methods for this unique patient population.
Input-output model for MACCS nuclear accident impacts estimation¹

Since the original economic model for MACCS was developed, better quality economic data (as well as the tools to gather and process it) and better computational capabilities have become available. The update of the economic impacts component of the MACCS legacy model will provide improved estimates of business disruptions through the use of Input-Output based economic impact estimation. This paper presents an updated MACCS model, bases on Input-Output methodology, in which economic impacts are calculated using the Regional Economic Accounting analysis tool (REAcct) created at Sandia National Laboratories. This new GDP-based model allows quick and consistent estimation of gross domestic product (GDP) losses due to nuclear power plant accidents. This paper outlines the steps taken to combine the REAcct Input-Output-based model with the MACCS code, describes the GDP loss calculation, and discusses the parameters and modeling assumptions necessary for the estimation of long-term effects of nuclear power plant accidents.
Wave Functions for Iron d Band

The one-electron wave functions for the $d$ band of body-centered iron are examined and found to have significantly different character, depending on their energy location in the band. The bottom of the band is associated with diffuse wave functions, while the top is associated with more compact atomic-like functions. A smooth transition from one behavior to the other occurs as the energy is varied. This gives substantiation to recent descriptions of transition metals which have been based on "low $d$" assignments; here this is explained on the basis that a significant fraction of the $d$ electrons in a solid do not "look" like atomic $d$ electrons at all.
Streetscape skeleton measurement and classification

The scale and proportions of "streetscape skeletons," the three-dimensional spaces of streets defined by the massing and arrangement of surrounding buildings, are theoretically relevant to the way human users perceive and behave. Nonetheless, the dominant ways of measuring and identifying streets emphasize vehicular service and functionality. Moreover, existing built environment-based classifications have focused on recommended forms rather than characterizing the full range of existing conditions that must be accounted for in policy and understanding of human-environment interactions. To work toward a better streetscape measurement and classification scheme, this study investigated how large numbers of streetscapes could be efficiently measured to evaluate design patterns across and between multiple cities. Using a novel GIS-based method, 12 streetscape skeleton variables were measured on more than 120,000 block-length streetscapes in three northeastern U.S. cities: Boston, MA, New York, NY, and Baltimore, MD. Logistic regression models based on these variables were unsuccessful at distinguishing between cities, confirming that the variables were similarly applicable to each city and that the cities had comparable streetscape skeleton identities. Cluster analyses were then used to identify four streetscape skeleton classes that were also consistent between cities: upright, compact, porous, and open. These classes were distinct from the widely used highway functional class system, reinforcing the distinction between streetscape design and roadway functionality and thus the importance of accounting for them separately. The streetscape skeleton classes provide a digestible yet objective system for identifying prevalent streetscape designs that are appropriate for urban policy design, advocacy, and urban systems research. Language: en
Proyecto De Ley Para La Creación De La Comisión De Mercados Y Competencia: Comentario Desde Una Perspectiva Institucional Comparada (Draft Bill creating the National Competition and Markets Commission: Comments from a Comparative Institutional Perspective)

Spanish Abstract: El proyecto de ley que crea la futura Comision Nacional de Mercados y Competencia esta pendiente de la aprobacion del Congreso. Si finalmente es aprueba el proyecto de ley, la estructura organizativa de las autoridades reguladoras y los organismos de competencia va a cambiar sustancialmente. Una reforma de esta magnitud merece un estudio comparativo que enmarca el proyecto de ley en la Union Europea. Este estudio centra su analisis de las caracteristicas principales que definen las autoridades de competencia institucional. En primer lugar, el estudio identifica y define las caracteristicas institucionales basado en un proyecto de investigacion llevado a cabo por la Universidad George Washington y la UNCTAD. En segundo lugar, el articulo proporciona datos sobre el futuro CNMC y el resto de las autoridades de competencia de la Union Europea para cada una de las caracteristicas seleccionadas. Por ultimo, el articulo hace una evaluacion de la futura CNMC teniendo en cuenta estrictamente las caracteristicas institucionales analizadas previamente.English Abstract: The bill that creates the future National Commission of Markets and Competition is currently pending Congress approval. If finally Congress passes the Bill, the organizational structure of regulatory authorities and competition agencies will change substantially. A reform of this magnitude deserves a comparative study that frames the bill within the European Union. Assuming that the bill proposes an institutional reform, this study focuses its analysis on the main characteristics that define institutional competition authorities. First, the study identifies and defines the institutional characteristics based on a research project carried out by the George Washington University and UNCTAD. Second, the article provides data on the future CNMC and the rest of the competition authorities of the European Union for each of the selected characteristics. Finally, the article makes an assessment of the future CNMC considering strictly the institutional characteristics previously analyzed.
Determination of Methanol and Fusel Oil in Chinese Spirits by Capillary Gas Chromatography

[Objective]To develop a new method for determination of methanol and fusel oil in Chinese spirits by capillary gas chromatography. [Methods]The programmed temperature capillary-column gas chromatography with FFAP flexible quartz was applied. [Results]The linear range of methanol and fusel oil was 10~100 μg/ml,and the correlation coefficient(r) ranged from 0.991 0 to 0.997 9.The reproducibility was good(RSD was 0.3%~4.5%).The recovery of standard addition was 91.2%~104.5%,and the Detection Limit was 0.5~1 μg/ml. [Conclusion]The method is accurate and rapid,and the result is satisfactory.
Experimental Analysis of Velocity Field and Thermal Stratification in Large Enclosure With Forced Jets

This paper introduces the investigation of velocity field induced by forced jets and thermal stratification in a large rectangular enclosure, at conditions simulating those of actual passive containment cooling systems and scales approaching those of actual containment buildings or compartments. A criterion is developed for assessing when the momentum injected by forced jets would break down stratification in large enclosures. Effects of jets on mixing and stratification are analyzed. The flow field inside the large enclosure is discussed based on the measurements.
Imaging Studies in Head and Neck Cancer

Modern radiation therapy of head and neck cancer depends heavily on accurately detecting all malignant tissue present be it primary tumor, metastatic tumor, or associated adenopathy. Precise three dimensional tumor localization is critical for therapy planning so that all disease tissue is treated to tumorocidal doses while sparing as much normal adjacent tissue as possible. Fortunately, modern high technology has provided serveral ways to detect and spatially localize tumor; unfortunately high technology is expensive to apply. In this era of increasing scrutiny by governmental agencies of the cost of health care, merely ordering all conceivable imaging tests on all patients is effective but financially unacceptable. Cost effective diagnosis requires a rational sequencing of diagnostic tests based on knowledge of individual disease patterns and the latest information about the efficacy of various imaging modalities.
Changes in the membrane bound alkaline phosphate of glucose and lactate grown vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis SB15

Abstract Vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis strain SB15 have membrane bound alkaline phosphatase activity. The enzyme purified from glucose-grown cells has greater electrophoretic mobility in 0.1% SDS-polyacrylamide gel than that from lactate grown cells. The enzymes from glucose and lactate grown cells have apparent molecular weights of 70,000 and 85,000 respectively; their K m values determined with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate are similar and their pH optima are the same at 9.5. The enzymes from both sources dissociated into two subunits after treatment with 6 M urea. The crude enzyme preparations have broad substrate profiles but after the second Sephadex G-100 chromatography their glucose-6-phosphatase and pyrophosphatase activities were lost; in addition, enzyme from lactate grown cells lost its ATPase activity.
Intraneuronal Amyloid and Cognitive Impairment

Although discussed in previous chapters, one of the pathological consequences of intraneuronal Aβ that may begin with synaptic decline is cognitive impairment. There is no correlation of extracellular Aβ plaques to cognitive changes.
Focal lung infiltrate complicating PD-1 inhibitor use: A new pattern of drug-associated lung toxicity?

A 58-year-old woman with stage 4 adenocarcinoma of the lung being treated with pembrolizumab developed dyspnea, non-productive cough, and a right middle lobe infiltrate. Complete resolution of the infiltrate with cessation of pembrolizumab, initiation of prednisone and no antibiotic therapy suggested drug-associated lung toxicity as the cause. While the programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors –pembrolizumab and nivolumab – have been implicated as a cause of diffuse or multifocal pulmonary infiltrates, the current case represents, to our knowledge, the first instance of a unilobar, focal infiltrate associated with their use. We speculate that the blockade of immune tolerance that is the hallmark of PD-1 inhibitors might cause atypical inflammatory reactions such as the focal lobar infiltrate seen in the current patient. Awareness of this novel radiographic pattern of drug-associated lung toxicity may enhance clinicians' management of patients receiving.
Aluminum-based materials for inactivation of aerosolized spores of Bacillus anthracis surrogates

ABSTRACTEnergetic materials generating biocidal combustion products to disable airborne pathogenic microorganisms (including bio-threat agents) were designed as compounds of halogens and metals with high heats of oxidation. Thermally stable Al-based powders containing iodine and chlorine were prepared using ball-milling at room and cryogenic temperatures. Such powders can replace pure aluminum in metallized energetic formulations. Their stability and halogen release were quantified using thermo-gravimetric analysis. Ignition temperatures were determined by coating prepared powders onto an electrically heated filament. All prepared composites had lower ignition temperatures and longer combustion times compared to pure Al. In separate experiments, combustion products generated by injecting the prepared powders into an air-acetylene flame were mixed with a well-characterized bioaerosol. Inactivation of viable bioaerosol particles exposed to the heated combustion products for a short period of time (estimated...
AFLATOXIN PRODUCED BY ASPERGILLUS PARASITICUS WHEN INCUBATED IN THE PRESENCE OF DIFFERENT GASES1

The influence of atmospheric gases on aflatoxin formation by Aspergillus parasiticus was investigated using a chemically defined medium and controlled environments in. a fermenter. Maximal yield of aflatoxin was obtained under fermentation conditions lacking agitation or sparging of air. Increasing the rate of aeration enhanced glucose utilization and acid formation, but reduced toxin production. Replacement of air by various mixtures of O2 and CO2, or O2 and N2 suppressed toxin formation. Increasing proportions of CO2 or N2 in the atmosphere enhanced their inhibitory effect on aflatoxin formation, and complete inhibition of toxin synthesis occurred in atmospheres of 100% CO2 or 100% N2. Synthesis of toxin was suppressed more by a high concentration of CO2 than of N2. The optimal condition for toxin formation was quiescent incubation. Suppression of toxin formation can be achieved by introducing high concentrations of CO2 or N2 into the environment.
Synergistic Anticancer Effects between Curcumin and Doxorubicin in Drug Sensitive and Resistant Human Pediatric Leukemic Cell Lines.

Abstract Curcumin (diferuloyl methane), the yellow colored chemopreventive agent from turmeric has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. The synergistic effect of curcumin and doxorubicin on cytotoxicity in leukemic cell lines was investigated preclinically in vitro for their eventual use in combination therapy in pediatric patients. Curcumin is cytotoxic to both sensitive (CEM) and resistant (CEM/VLB) cell lines with an IC50 value of 12 μM. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) cell line (CEM/VLB) showed 36.4-fold doxorubicin resistance based on DOX IC50 values of 0.14 μM and 5.1 μM for CEM and CEM/VLB cell lines. Analysis of cytotoxicity data by CalcuSyn program showed that curcumin and doxorubicin combination treatments are synergistic with combination index values less than 1 at IC50 (CEM=0.82; CEM/VLB =0.81) and IC75 (CEM=0.60; CEM/VLB=0.83) levels. Curcumin and doxorubicin induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells and the apoptosis data correlated with cytotoxicity values in both sensitive and resistant cell lines. The combination index values on the percentage of apoptosis induced by curcumin and doxorubicin combination treatments were less than 1 indicating the synergistic effect of both these agents on apoptosis. Doxorubicin treatment up regulated NF-κB activity in both CEM and CEM/VLB cell lines, although the level of up regulation is higher in CEM (2-fold) than CEM/VLB (1.5-fold) cell lines. Curcumin, on the other hand, is anti-inflammatory because of its significant inhibitory effect on NF-κB activity. Curcumin inhibited 80% and 50% of NF-κB activity in CEM and CEM/VLB cell lines in 24 h. These results showed that curcumin can be used either as a single or adjuvant agent along with doxorubicin because of the synergistic effects on apoptosis and cytotoxicity.
Capacitive Memory Suppresses Alternans and Promotes Spontaneous Activity in a Fractional-Order Minimal Cardiomyocyte Model

Electrical activity in cardiomyocytes is typically modeled using an ideal parallel resistor-capacitor circuit. However, studies have suggested that the passive properties of cell membranes may be more appropriately modeled with a non-ideal capacitor, in which the current-voltage relationship is given by a fractional-order derivative. Fractional-order membrane potential dynamics introduces capacitive memory effects, i.e., dynamics are influenced by the prior membrane potential history. We recently showed that fractional-order membrane dynamics alters ionic currents and spiking rates in a neuronal model. Here, we investigate the effects of fractional-order membrane dynamics in a cardiomyocyte model using the minimal 3-variable Fenton-Karma (FK), chosen because the FK model, with first-order derivative membrane dynamics, does not have short-term memory. We performed simulations for fractional-orders between 0.5 and 1 and variable cycle lengths. We found that the action potential duration (APD) was shortened as the fractional-order decreased, for all cycle lengths. As a consequence, the minimum cycle length (MCL) for loss of 1:1 capture decreased as fractional-order decreased. Further, at short cycle lengths at which APD alternans was present in the first-order model, alternans was suppressed, such that the cycle length for alternans onset decreased for decreasing fractional-order. For fractional-order less than ∼0.82, alternans was not present at any cycle length. Finally, for fractional-order less than ∼0.75, we found that the model produced spontaneous action potentials following pacing. Short-term memory effects were represented by a hypothetical memory “current,” which we found was primarily outward for fractional-order closer to 1, shortening APD, while it was primarily inward for fractional-order closer to 0.5, generating spontaneous action potentials. Collectively, our results suggest the capacitive memory, reproduced by a fractional-order model, may play a role in both alternans formation and suppression and pacemaking.
An Explosion of Power Cords

Ever feel like you need a separate suitcase when you travel just for the power cords of your many devices? If we can envision a day when there are billions of connected devices, then we must also envision a day when power isn't such a massive inconvenience.
International economic development: Principal Internet resources

From attempts to uplift millions of peoples from the throes of abject poverty and starvation to global assistance programs to benefit developing countries’ transition into viable civil societies, international economic development issues dominate the international agenda.
Woodsmoke, Kerosene Heater Emissions, and Diesel Exhaust

Over the past two decades, due to rising energy costs and the uncertain availability of petroleum and natural gas, homeowners in the United States have increasingly turned to the use of wood as an alternate heating fuel. This trend has been especially striking in the northeastern and northwestern United States (National Research Council, 1981). For example, the Washington State Department of Ecology estimated that wood was burned in 60% of all Washington households, with about 2.2 million cords of wood consumed annually (Pierson et al., 1989). In Massachusetts, studies showed that 65% of all households surveyed used wood-burning devices, and of those, 68% were in use 24 hr a day (Tuthill, 1984). While sales of woodstoves have been recently declining, the current numbers of woodstoves in the United States is thought to exceed 11 million. It is estimated that approximately 10% of the total space-heating input for the United States is from firewood (Lipfert and Dungan, 1983).
Analysis of Array Data and Clinical Validation of Array-Based Assays

High-throughput array-based assays have been widely used for diagnostics and biomarker discovery. However, the development of these assays requires analysis of high-dimensional genomic data and clinical validation of the resulting models, which remain challenging. In this chapter, we describe all the steps of array-based data analysis from data quality control and normalization to higher-level analyses such as clustering, dimensionality reduction, and predictive modeling, with special emphasis on the pitfalls and dangers of such analyses. We then tackle the problems related to clinical validation of array-based biomarkers and predictive assays, which include reproducibility and portability of the initial discovery and its translation into clinics. As array-based data, and those generated by the next-generation sequencing technologies, become less expensive to produce and more widely available, the growing number of patients for whom we have genomic data will open new opportunities for development of robust and reliable genomic biomarkers—provided we apply the lessons we have learned from this last decade of array-based studies.
Individual Doctoral Education Experiences and Academic Stewardship

What are the visions, core values and purposes of educational doctoral programs? Guided by the words of the Council of Graduate Schools, consider whether educa¬tional doctorate programs “prepare a student for a lifetime of intellectual inquiry that manifests itself in creative scholarship and research” (Bargar and Duncan 1982, p. 12). Within this piece, the exploration of doctoral programs focuses on the individual students´ experiences. Ultimately, the development of an academic identity is a process students themselves must shape and direct (Walker 2008).The shaping and guiding of experiences can be influenced by programs and participating faculty, however, the evaluation of these experiences are rooted in the individual experiences of the participants. Turning to the literature, demographic studies of doctorate education explore broad characteristics of education schools including offered programs, faculty credentials, degrees awarded, student dissertations and various other programmatic attributes (Levine, 2007, p. 8). There are also specific university case studies exploring programs based on purpose, curricular choices, specific faculty composition, admission criteria, graduation and degree standards, research focus, finances, and assessments (Levine, 2007, p. 7). Yet, the case study fails to truly explore the experiences of the students within program
Expand Horizons of Microfluidic Systems: An Inkjet Printed Flexible Energy Autonomous Micropump System for Wearable and IoT Microfluidic Applications

A novel inkjet printed flexible energy autonomous micropump system is proposed to provide actuation forces and open new applications for microfluidic such as smart skin and IoT. The broadband energy harvester is proposed to harvest nearfield two-way talk radio at 464.5 MHz and far-field UHF RFID reader from 850 MHz to 950 MHz simultaneously. The nearfield energy harvesting can support high power at certain time to overcome IC cold start and the far-field energy harvesting can harvest power all the time to maintain the function. The proposed broadband rectifier can be operated from 300 MHz to over 1200 MHz which equals to over 120 % fractional bandwidth. The RF-DC conversion efficiency is about 50 % while 20 dBm input power is used and the load impedance is $\mathbf{125}\ \Omega$ . The duty cycle for the charging and discharging of the far-field energy harvesting is 13 %. The proof-of-concept system is built and the micropump is driven successfully by both near-field and far-field energy harvesting.
Quantum coherent control of H3 + formation in strong fields.

Quantum coherent control (QCC) has been successfully demonstrated experimentally and theoretically for two- and three-photon optical excitation of atoms and molecules. Here, we explore QCC using spectral phase functions with a single spectral phase step for controlling the yield of H3+ from methanol under strong laser field excitation. We observe a significant and systematic enhanced production of H3+ when a negative 34 π phase step is applied near the low energy region of the laser spectrum and when a positive 34 π phase step is applied near the high energy region of the laser spectrum. In some cases, most notably the HCO+ fragment, we found the enhancement exceeded the yield measured for transform limited pulses. The observation of enhanced yield is surprising and far from the QCC prediction of yield suppression. The observed QCC enhancement implies an underlying strong field process responsible for polyatomic fragmentation controllable by easy to reproduce shaped pulses.
Heterodyne I: Enhancing sonochemical efficiency through application of the heterodyne effect: An initial study.

Abstract Relatively little is known concerning the application of concurrent and coaxial multi-frequency ultrasound on the facilitation of chemical reactivity. When two or more acoustic frequencies are input into a solution, frequencies corresponding to the sum of the frequencies with an amplitude related to the difference between the two frequencies (both known in acoustics as heterodyne frequencies) are produced. Given the fact that cavitation dynamics are dependent upon frequency and power among other variables, the generation of additional waves should produce a situation where the cavitation bubbles produced by the two coincident frequencies are out of resonance with the heterodyne frequency, resulting in an increase in cavitation collapse efficiency. The resulting cavitation efficiency is expected to be higher than that which is observed from the simple sum of the acoustic energy transferred from each single frequency. As such, the energy and cavitation efficiency of this technique for bond breakage and formation is expected to be significantly higher than using either a single ultrasonic frequency or two frequencies acting separately. In this study we have embarked on a comparison of the efficacy of heterodyne sonochemistry with more traditional single-frequency or dual frequency ultrasound where the heterodyne frequency is zero. As a prototypical reaction, we have explored the effects of multi-frequency ultrasound on the degradation of acid orange, a common industrial colorant. An increase in the degradation rate by a factor of 500% was observed using incident frequencies of 305 and 310 kHz heterodyne ultrasound (5 kHz heterodyne) compared with what would be expected theoretically were the two frequencies to act independently. Reasons for the increase in efficiency are discussed.
Possibilities for Engineered Insect Tissue as a Food Source

Due to significant environmental concerns associated with industrial livestock farming, it is vital to accelerate the development of sustainable production methods for foods. Cellular agriculture presents an option, by using cell culture, as opposed to whole animals, to generate foods, including meats, eggs, and dairy products. The cost-effective scale-up of such cultured products requires addressing key constraints in core research areas: (1) cell sources, (2) growth media, (3) scaffolding biomaterials and (4) bioreactor design. Here we summarize work in the area of insect cell cultures as a promising avenue to address some of the needs in the field. Properties unique to invertebrate cells from insects allow for convenient and efficient tissue production and have already been exploited for various applications, such as industrial recombinant protein production. Insect muscle has also been employed in the field of tissue engineering for bioactuator applications. Compared to mammalian or avian cultures, invertebrate cell cultures require fewer resources and are more resilient to changes in environmental conditions, as they can thrive in a wide range of temperature, pH and osmolarity conditions. Alterations necessary for large-scale production are relatively simple to achieve with insect cells, including immortalization, serum-free media adaptation and suspension culture. Additional benefits include ease of transfection, nutrient density, and relevance to seafood organisms. To advance insect-based tissue engineering for food purposes, it is necessary to develop methods to regulate the differentiation of insect cells into relevant cell types, characterize cell interactions with biomaterials with an eye towards 3D culture, design supportive bioreactor systems and quantify nutritional profiles of cultured biomass.
Attachment of a styryl group to the 6-position of a protected penicillanic acid via cobaloxime-mediated radical alkyl-alkenyl cross coupling

Abstract Cobaloxime-catalyzed cross coupling of styrene with 6α-bromopenicillanic acid pivalolyl-oxymethyl ester (4) introduces a styryl group into the 6 position of the penicillanic acid nucleus. The method should be capable of introducing a variety of aryl-substituted alkenes into the 6 position. Such compounds may be useful as novel β-lactam antibiotics/β-lactamase inhibitors.
The Relationship Between Job Roles and Gender on Principal–School Counselor Relationship Quality:

Principals have power to delegate job responsibilities to school counselors, and this may impact principal–school counselor relationship quality. In a study grounded in leader–member exchange theor...
More Evidence Against Antibiotics for Acute Asthma Exacerbations.

Antibiotics do not benefit patients hospitalized with an asthma exacerbation. Evidence from this study suggests worse outcomes with antibiotic use, including a longer hospital stay, higher costs, and greater risk of diarrhea.
InAs1-ySby virtual substrates grown by MOCVD for long wave infrared detectors

Abstract Compositionally-graded InAs1−ySby metamorphic buffers, grown on GaSb wafers via metal organic chemical vapor deposition and designed to serve as virtual substrates for InAs0.6Sb0.4 long wave infrared detectors, were investigated for their potential to provide low residual threading dislocation densities. Structural properties of a range of step-graded buffer designs, including surface morphology, strain relaxation, and residual threading dislocation density were investigated as a function of substrate orientation, initial layer composition (lattice mismatch), grading rate, and compositional step size and thickness, and used to guide optimization of the metamorphic buffer structure. A minimum threading dislocation density of 2 × 106 cm−2 within the InAs0.6Sb0.4 terminal layer was achieved through use of a 7-layer buffer design with a strain grading rate of −0.78% μm−1, with potential for further reduction by continued optimization and interfacial control.
Abstract C124: HIF-independent synthetic lethality between CDK4/6 inhibition and VHL loss across species

Inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene and its protein product, pVHL, occurs in ~90% of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cases. pVHL is part of the ubiquitin ligase complex that targets the HIF2α transcription factor, an oncoprotein in ccRCC, for proteasomal degradation. Without functional pVHL, HIF2α accumulates and induces inappropriate transcription of angiogenic, invasive, and growth-promoting genes. Drugs inhibiting HIF2α or its downstream target VEGF are active against ccRCC, but both de novo and acquired resistance are common and no current therapies are curative. We hypothesized that loss of pVHL might create context-specific dependencies that could then be targeted therapeutically. To look for such synthetic lethal targets, we generated human and Drosophila cell pairs that were isogenic for pVHL (or its Drosophila ortholog) and screened using RNAi and chemical compound libraries. The overlap of the hits from these screens identified a hyperdependence on CDK4/6 activity in pVHL-defective cells compared to their pVHL-proficient counterparts. In secondary assays we confirmed that pharmacologic inhibition of CDK4/6 by either Abemaciclib or Palbociclib preferentially reduced viability of VHL-/-cells as compared to VHL+/+cells across a variety of human ccRCC cell lines. Importantly, inhibition of VHL-/-ccRCC cells by Palbociclib was abrogated by expressing a Palbociclib-resistant CDK6 cDNA or by knockout of the canonical CDK4/6 target pRB. Sensitivity to Palbociclib could be reversed by expressing exogenous pVHL, but not a pVHL mutant lacking its known substrate docking site. HIF2aknockout in VHL-/-cells did not eliminate the effect of CDK4/6 inhibition, thus HIF2ais not necessary for the synthetic lethal relationship between VHLand CDK4/6. Moreover, the combination of the HIF2ainhibitor PT2399 and the CDK4/6 inhibitor Palbociclib synergistically suppressed proliferation of VHL-/-ccRCC in vitro in HIF2a-sensitive cell lines. Both Palbociclib and Abemaciclib suppress VHL-/-ccRCC tumor growth in nude mice, including tumors that are PT2399-resistant. My future work will aim to identify the mechanism that underlies the synthetic lethality between VHLand CDK4/6 activity. Citation Format: Hilary Nicholson, Benjamin Housden, Norbert Perrimon, William G Kaelin. HIF-independent synthetic lethality between CDK4/6 inhibition and VHL loss across species [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C124. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-C124
Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Enantiopure C2-Symmetrical Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane Lanthanide Complexes

We report the synthesis and characterization of C2-symmetrical lanthanide complexes supported by enantiopure hexadentate ligands derived from 1,2-diaminocyclohexane. Coordination of (R,R)- or (S,S)...
Interest Rates, Exchange Rates and Present Value Models of the CurrentAccount

This paper develops an intertemporal model of the current account that allows for variable interest rates and exchange rates. These additional variables are channels through which external shocks may influence the domestic current account. We test the restrictions imposed by the theory, using quarterly data from three small open economies. The paper finds that including the interest rate and exchange rate significantly improves the fit of the intertemporal model over what was found in previous studies. The augmented model produces a forecast that better matches the volatility of current account data and better explains historical episodes of current account imbalance.
Point-of-care ultrasound for diagnosis of purulent flexor tenosynovitis.

A 49-year-old right hand-dominant man with no significant medical history presented to the emergency department (ED) with severe right thumb pain. The patient sustained a laceration to the palmar surface of his right thumb 2 days prior to presentation; he did not seek care at that time because the laceration appeared superficial, bleeding was easily controlled and pain was minimal. The patient subsequently developed worsening pain and swelling of his thumb with pain radiating to his right forearm. His pain was exacerbated by any passive or active range of motion of the digit. He took naproxen at home with minimal pain relief, and at the time of presentation to the ED was unable to continue working due to pain. He endorsed subjective fevers and chills but denied any associated neurovascular symptoms, nausea or vomiting. On examination, the patient held the right thumb in slight flexion, with significant swelling of the entire digit extending to the right thenar eminence. There was minimal associated erythema and no proximal lymphangitic spread. There was a well-healed linear laceration on the medial aspect of the right thumb without any associated discharge, bleeding or dehiscence. There was no palpable crepitus. The range of motion was significantly limited by pain, and the patient had marked tenderness to palpation diffusely, including over his flexor tendon sheath. X-ray of the right hand showed mild soft tissue swelling around the right thumb but was otherwise unremarkable. Laboratory workup was notable for leucocytosis, with a white blood cell count of 14.4×109/L, and elevated inflammatory markers, with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 26 mm/hour (reference range, 0–10 mm/hour) and C reactive protein of 109.5 mg/L (reference range, <7.5 mg/L). ED point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) performed by the ED resident and attending physicians showed oedema surrounding the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon, demonstrated by a hypoechoic fluid …
Corrosion performance of high-temperature organic coatings subjected to heat treatments

Abstract High-temperature organic coatings, designed to be used at a wide range of temperatures, find many applications in industries. However, there still lacks a good understanding of how these coatings change during their service at very high temperatures. In this study, we characterize several high-temperature organic coatings exposed to different levels of heat. General trends of decreasing barrier performance were observed with the exception when these coatings were exposed to their rated temperature limit of 1400 °F (760 °C), at which their barrier performance improved, indicated by their higher low-frequency impedance modulus. To further investigate this unexpected improvement, we characterized the coatings with infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electrochemical microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that both the substrate surface oxidation and pyrolyzed coating binder contribute to the improvement of barrier performance of coatings exposed to 1400 °F (760 °C).
Genomics and metabolomics of early-stage thioacetamide-induced liver injury: An interspecies study between guinea pig and rat.

Abstract To study the complex processes involved in liver injuries, researchers rely on animal investigations, using chemically or surgically induced liver injuries, to extrapolate findings and infer human health risks. However, this presents obvious challenges in performing a detailed comparison and validation between the highly controlled animal models and development of liver injuries in humans. Furthermore, it is not clear whether there are species-dependent and -independent molecular initiating events or processes that cause liver injury before they eventually lead to end-stage liver disease. Here, we present a side-by-side study of rats and guinea pigs using thioacetamide to examine the similarities between early molecular initiating events during an acute-phase liver injury. We exposed Sprague Dawley rats and Hartley guinea pigs to a single dose of 25 or 100 mg/kg thioacetamide and collected blood plasma for metabolomic analysis and liver tissue for RNA-sequencing. The subsequent toxicogenomic analysis identified consistent liver injury trends in both genomic and metabolomic data within 24 and 33 h after thioacetamide exposure in rats and guinea pigs, respectively. In particular, we found species similarities in the key injury phenotypes of inflammation and fibrogenesis in our gene module analysis for liver injury phenotypes. We identified expression of several common genes (e.g., SPP1, TNSF18, SERPINE1, CLDN4, TIMP1, CD44, and LGALS3), activation of injury-specific KEGG pathways, and alteration of plasma metabolites involved in amino acid and bile acid metabolism as some of the key molecular processes that changed early upon thioacetamide exposure and could play a major role in the initiation of acute liver injury.
Enhancing Follow Up Capacity and Quality at a High-Volume Academic Satellite Practice Through Integration of an Advanced Practice Provider.

Purpose/Objective(s) Routine follow-up appointments have been limited at one of our academic facility's satellite clinics due to physician staffing limitations and high consultation volumes. We hypothesized adding an advanced practice provider (APP) on a limited schedule would permit meaningful follow up visits and improve care, while maintaining or increasing patient satisfaction. Materials/Methods Beginning in June 2020, an APP was embedded in our academic center satellite clinic one half-day per week to provide routine follow up care after radiation therapy (RT). Patients were provided an anonymized, voluntary satisfaction survey after each initial APP visit from June 2020-Jan 2021. Demographic information and unmet care needs at time of follow up visit were recorded. We compared characteristics of patients seen in the same clinic from June 2019-Jan 2020 and of those seen from June 2020-Jan 2021, prior to APP integration. All patients who completed definitive RT from March 2019-Oct 2019 and from March 2020-Oct 2020 were included for follow up rate comparison. Results In one half-day of clinic per week, an APP staffed 27.2% (44/118) of all follow up visits at the satellite clinic from June 2020-January 2021, compared to 5.2% of all follow ups seen by an APP from June 2019-Jan 2020. Over comparable timeframes, overall follow up > 90 days from definitive RT completion increased from 33.1% to 46.6% after APP addition. The greatest gains were in patients with cancers of the breast (from 28.6% to 45.7%), prostate (from 37.0% to 47.8%), head and neck (from 68.8% to 88.9%), and lung (from 15.4% to 28.6%). 20.5% of visits with the APP versus 0% with a physician incorporated formalized survivorship care. The APP saw a higher proportion of patients with female gender (64.1 vs 50.5%), age $50,000). Importantly, the APP identified and addressed an average of 2.3 unmet care needs per patient at time of follow up, which notably resulted in a new diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer in one patient. Patient satisfaction with APP-based follow up was > 95%, with 95% of patients surveyed indicating they were likely to continue follow up in the clinic. Conclusion Utilizing an APP at a high-volume radiation oncology satellite clinic improved follow up care by addressing unmet care needs and incorporating survivorship care. Follow up with the APP resulted in high patient satisfaction. These findings emphasize the unique value of radiation oncology-specific follow up, even among those receiving follow up with other oncology sub-specialists, and have important implications for increasing quality of care in high-volume satellite clinics. Based on this interim analysis, APP staffing will be increased to one full day per week to further increase follow up capacity. Data collection is ongoing with final analysis to be completed by July 2021.
Playing for their lives: Helping troubled children through play therapy.

Presents stories of troubled children drawn from the author's private therapy practice, showing the effects of common social problems on children and explaining how they can be healed.
The Tower of London in English Renaissance Drama: Icon of Opposition

List of Images Acknowledgments Chapter One: Introduction: Historicizing Original Tower Play Audiences Chapter Two: The Tower of London as a Cultural Icon before the Tower Plays Chapter Three: Stage vs. State: The Struggle for the Tower Chapter Four: The Tower of London: Dramatic Emblem of Opposition Chapter Five: Reading English Nationhood in the Dramatic Tower of London Coda: The Tower of London: An Evolving Icon Notes Bibliography Index
Postoperative radiation boost does not improve local recurrence rates in extremity soft tissue sarcomas.

Introduction The standard of care for extremity soft tissue sarcomas continues to be negative-margin limb salvage surgery. Radiotherapy is frequently used as an adjunct to decrease local recurrence. No differences in survival have been found between preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy regimens. However, it is uncertain if the use of a postoperative boost in addition to preoperative radiotherapy reduces local recurrence rates. Methods This retrospective review evaluated patients who received preoperative radiotherapy (n = 49) and patients who received preoperative radiotherapy with a postoperative boost (n = 45). The primary endpoint analysed was local recurrence, with distant metastasis and death due to sarcoma analysed as secondary endpoints. Wilcoxon rank-sum test and either χ2 or Fisher's exact test were used to compare variables. Multivariable regression analyses were used to take into account potential confounders and identify variables that affected outcomes. Results No differences in the proportion or rate of local recurrence, distant metastasis or death due to sarcoma were observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). The two groups were similarly matched with respect to demographics such as age, race and sex and tumour characteristics including excision status, tumour site, size, depth, grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, chemotherapy receipt and histological subtype (P > 0.05). The postoperative boost group had a larger proportion of patients with positive microscopic margins (62% vs 10%; P < 0.001). Conclusion No differences in rates of local recurrence, distant metastasis or death due to sarcoma were found in patients who received both pre- and postoperative radiotherapy when compared with those who received only preoperative radiotherapy.
Chapter 1 Materials Issues in High-Brightness Light-Emitting Diodes

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the basic issues involving the materials used for high-brightness light emitting diodes (LEDs). It lays the fundamental foundation for understanding the phenomena common to the materials discussed in this volume: Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP), for the spectral range of red through green, AlGaAs for high-efficiency red emitters, GaN for high-efficiency blue emitters, and GaInN for high-brightness blue and green emitters. This serves as introductory material for the more detailed chapters on these materials to follow. The already well-developed AlGaAs was the first to demonstrate extremely high efficiency (18%) red light emission in thick layers grown by liquid-phase epitaxy with no GaAs substrate to absorb the emitted photons. The much more difficult materials system AlGaInP has progressed remarkably, overcoming problems with oxygen contamination, p-type doping, ordering, and photon absorption in the substrate to produce materials with external quantum efficiencies equaling the best AlGaAs values, but at shorter wavelengths, giving considerably higher brightness in the red region of the spectrum. The highest performance orange and yellow LEDs have also been produced in this material.