cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CENSURING SOUNDS: TAPES, TASTE, AND THE CREATION OF EGYPTIAN CULTURE

In this article, I argue that audiocassette technology decentralized state-controlled Egyptian media long before the advent of al-Jazeera and the Internet. By enabling any citizen to become a cultural producer, as opposed to a mere consumer, the mass medium and its users sparked significant anxiety in the mid-to-late 20th century, when contentious cassette recordings led many local critics to assert that “vulgar” tapes were poisoning public taste, undermining high culture, and endangering Egyptian society. This article breaks down these arguments and shows that audiotapes actually broadcast a vast variety of voices. Thus, underlying many criticisms of cassette content, I contend, was not simply a concern for aesthetic sensibilities but a desire to dictate who created Egyptian culture during a time of tremendous change. By unpacking these discussions, this article harnesses Egypt as a case study to enhance prevailing investigations of sound, popular culture, and mass media in Middle East studies.
Neighborhood outdoor play of White and Non-White Hispanic children: Cultural differences and environmental disparities

Abstract A continued decrease in outdoor play time among children has contributed to the decline in their overall physical activity levels. Creating safe and supportive neighborhood environments for outdoor play can help promote physical activity especially among children lacking private play areas. Further, children from different cultural backgrounds may be influenced by different factors when deciding if or where to play. This paper examines differences in outdoor play patterns and locations, and their correlates between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White children. A total of 3449 elementary school students (69.3% Hispanic) were recruited in 2010 from 20 schools in the Austin Independent School District, Texas. Using the data collected from their parental survey, two multivariable linear regression models were estimated to identify correlates of outdoor play time for each ethnic group. Hispanic children used fewer types of places to play outdoors but for more minutes/weekday. A high residential density appeared as a facilitator among White children, while a connected street pattern (more intersections/crossings) functioned as a barrier among Hispanic children. Neighborhood safety, destinations, and land uses were important in both ethnic groups, but differences were found in the specific associations. Findings suggest that intervention strategies to promote outdoor play should respond to the specific needs, preferences, and external constraints of children from different cultural backgrounds. The strategies should also be tailored to provide safer places for Hispanic children. This proposes public participation from diverse ethnic groups in processes of planning and infrastructure decision-making to reflect different preferences and achieve equitable access to health-supportive resources.
Data extraction from digital repeat photography using xROI: An interactive framework to facilitate the process

Abstract Digital repeat photography and near-surface remote sensing have been used by environmental scientists to study environmental change for nearly a decade. However, a user-friendly, reliable, and robust platform to extract color-based statistics and time series from a large stack of images is still lacking. Here, we present an interactive open-source toolkit, called xROI, that facilitates the process of time series extraction and improves the quality of the final data. xROI provides a responsive environment for scientists to interactively (a) delineate regions of interest (ROI), (b) handle field of view (FOV) shifts, and (c) extract and export time series data characterizing color-based metrics. The software gives user the opportunity to adjust mask files or draw new masks, every time an FOV shift occurs. Utilizing xROI can significantly facilitate data extraction from digital repeat photography and enhance the accuracy and continuity of extracted data.
A data-driven multiscale theory for modeling damage and fracture of composite materials

The advent of advanced processing and manufacturing techniques has led to new material classes with complex microstructures across scales from nanometers to meters. In this paper, a data-driven computational framework for the analysis of these complex material systems is presented. A mechanistic concurrent multiscale method called Self-consistent Clustering Analysis (SCA) is developed for general inelastic heterogeneous material systems. The efficiency of SCA is achieved via data compression algorithms which group local microstructures into clusters during the training stage, thereby reducing required computational expense. Its accuracy is guaranteed by introducing a self-consistent method for solving the Lippmann–Schwinger integral equation in the prediction stage. The proposed framework is illustrated for a composite cutting process where fracture can be analyzed simultaneously at the microstructure and part scales.
A New Automatic Identification Method of Heart Failure Using Improved Support Vector Machine Based on Duality Optimization Technique

Currently, Heart failure disease is considered a multifaceted clinical disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Hospitals and cardiac centers rely heavily on ECG as a regular tool for evaluating and diagnosing Heart failure disease as an initial stage. The process of Heart failure disease identification from the ECG signal aims to reduce the time of the diagnostic process for patients with heart failure and to improve the outcomes of the detection process applied to these patients. The information acquired from the ECG signal simplifies the laboratory evaluation and other traditional diagnosis methods to evaluate and diagnose Heart failure disease. Unluckily, the problem of segmentation of the ECG signal is complicated because of similarities in time interval and amplitude between several ECG signal as well as the presence of noise in ECG signals. Most cardiologists use the ECG signal to identify Heart failure disease and their decision depends on the identification process, to determine whether surgery or medical treatment is required. This paper offers a new identification technique to overcome the current problems, such as overlapping in heart rate duration from the time interval from one PQRST wave to the next. In this study, the aim is to develop a new automatic method using improved support vector machine to diagnosis HFD from ECG signals. This is particularly relevant to ECG signals for the diagnosis of HFD as the first step to treatment and care of patients in general and specifically those with early heart disease to increase their overall survival. This paper outlines a hybrid approach of dual SVM and nonparametric algorithm to spot HFD in ECG signals leading to increase reliability and accuracy of identification and diagnosis of heart failure classes in the early stages using the proposed algorithm. The nonparametric algorithm is used to train SVM and its dual to get two models of SVM. The dual problem gives a different view that is better and sometimes simpler than the original problem. This feature is used to detect Heart failure disease in ECG signals by comparing the outputs of SVM model and those of dual SVM model. Experiments show that the hybrid approach produces good results, is more efficient and increases accuracy of Heart failure disease detection with an acceptable accuracy of 94.97% when compared with other algorithms to which the paper refers to. This is especially noted in patients with multiple diseases who were not initially identified as heart failure.
Lions, tigers and bunnies: exceptional children in America’s schools

Exceptional students who struggle in school sometimes come into their own later in life. These late bloomers are frequently pigeonholed into specific ability groups during their academic career, of...
Activity Participation and Inpatient Violence in Secure Mental Health

Occupational therapists play a central role in the treatment of offenders with mental illness and violent individuals. Despite this emphasis, little is known about the occupational profile of viole...
Te puse la mano en el hombro ‘I put my hand on your shoulder’: A solution to a puzzling constraint on multiple external possession relations in Spanish

The main goal of this paper is to provide a solution to a puzzle regarding a constraint on multiple external possession relations in Spanish prepositional double object verbs like poner ‘put.’ When both the direct object and prepositional object are body parts with different external possessors, the subject must be the possessor of the direct object body part and a dative clitic the possessor the prepositional object body part, not the other way around. Assuming that possessor movement to theta positions is what gives rise to external possession, I claim that the unacceptable interpretation is due to a locality violation that is incurred when an external possession relation is established between a subject and prepositional object body part that crosses over another external possession relation between a dative clitic and direct object body part.
Behavioral Finance: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Social Media Analytics

The purpose of this essay is to establish the importance that Artificial intelligence as well as Social Media Analytics has on finance. With the new age of technology, it is important that people understand the great impacts that it may have on improving finance around the globe. It is also important that human intelligence does not completely become irrelevant to the world of finance as in the end, humans often know what to do in difficult situations that may have a greater meaning than just what the numbers show. This essay will specifically speak on the impact that AI and Social Media Analytics has on the stock market as well as how it can aid in business growth.
Integrating Social and Moral Psychology to Reduce Inequality

Lewis (this issue) poses an important question: Is it possible to achieve equality, and if so, how? This question is at the root of social psychology, which originated in scholars’ desire to unders...
Kant's Empirical Psychology

Throughout his life, Kant was concerned with questions about empirical psychology. He aimed to develop an empirical account of human beings, and his lectures and writings on the topic are recognizable today as properly 'psychological' treatments of human thought and behavior. In this book Patrick R. Frierson uses close analysis of relevant texts, including unpublished lectures and notes, to study Kant's account. He shows in detail how Kant explains human action, choice, and thought in empirical terms, and how a better understanding of Kant's psychology can shed light on major concepts in his philosophy, including the moral law, moral responsibility, weakness of will, and cognitive error. Frierson also applies Kant's accounts of mental illness to contemporary philosophical issues. His book will interest students and scholars of Kant, the history of psychology, philosophy of psychology, and philosophy of action.
The role of pluralistic ignorance in the perception of unethical behavior

Is there really an ethical crisis? We propose that the situation is not as bad as many would have us believe. We have attempted to present an alternative explanation for some earlier reports of an ethical crisis. This has resulted in a number of research propositions. We are optimistic that there are, in spite of reports to the contrary, an overwhelming majority of ethical people populating our business community.
Comparison of Artificial Compressibility Methods

Various artificial compressibility methods for calculating the three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are compared. Each method is described and numerical solutions to test problems are conducted. A comparison based on convergence behavior, accuracy, and robustness is given.
Effect of organic isothiocyanates on the P-glycoprotein- and MRP1-mediated transport of daunomycin and vinblastine.

Purpose. Organic isothiocyanates (ITCs), or mustard oils, are non-nutrient components present in the diet, especially in cruciferous vegetables. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of ITCs on P-glycoprotein (P-gp)- and multidrug resistance-associated Protein (MRP1)-mediated transport in multidrug resistant (MDR) human cancer cell lines.
Gungahlin on a Plate - Stories of Land and Identity in a New Suburb

The author describes her role in the community project to represent Gungahlin, a new suburb of Canberra in the ACT, through writing and images.
The Aging Mind: Vascular Health in Normal Cognitive Aging

In spite of the breakneck speed at which understanding of the biological basis of the aging process has evolved, the important determinants of aging and longevity have yet to be uncovered. The preservation of cognitive functioning is an essential component of successful aging, and the ability to distinguish those who maintain cognitive health into advanced age from those who experience cognitive decline may influence public health efforts to prevent or delay the onset of cognitive impairment in old age. There is growing evidence implicating vascular risk factors and related subclinical cerebrovascular damage in cognitive impairment and dementia, but Alzheimer's disease is highly prevalent in older populations, and the role of inflammation in vascular and neurodegenerative processes is poorly understood. There is a growing need to examine the effects of these factors on normal cognitive aging. This brief survey of the literature reviews evidence of the roles of subclinical vascular brain damage and exposure to cerebrovascular risk factors in normal cognitive aging.
A Goal Oriented Attention Guidance Model

Previous experiments have shown that human attention is influenced by high level task demands. In this paper, we propose an architecture to estimate the task-relevance of attended locations in a scene. We maintain a task graph and compute relevance of fixations using an ontology that contains a description of real world entities and their relationships. Our model guides attention according to a topographic attention guidance map that encodes the bottom-up salience and task-relevance of all locations in the scene. We have demonstrated that our model detects entities that are salient and relevant to the task even on natural cluttered scenes and arbitrary tasks.
Modulation of Fc receptor clearance and antiplatelet antibodies as a consequence of intravenous immune globulin infusion in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura

In 1981 Paul Imbach first reported the usefulness of intravenous immune globulin infusions in the treatment of children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Other studies have shown that intravenous immune globulin was associated with the fastest platelet increase of any therapy, confirming the initial observation in children and adults. We and other investigators have used intravenous immune globulin as a maintenance therapy and speculated that repeated single infusions might have a curative value, in addition to an acute effect. The best-defined mechanism of intravenous immune globulin in this model autoimmune disease is Fc receptor blockade. This was first demonstrated by a slowing of antibody-coated, chromium-labeled red blood cell survival. Subsequent confirmation has come from the use of intravenous anti-D and a monoclonal anti-FcRIII that has been used in patients refractory to treatment. In vitro studies have demonstrated alteration in Fc receptor expression on circulating cells, and this mechanism is presumed to be related intimately to the acute platelet increase seen after intravenous immune globulin. Studies with the latest platelet antibody methodology do not support interference with binding of antiplatelet antibodies as an important mechanism, but there are in vitro data to support this hypothesis. Another leading hypothesis is that intravenous immune globulin decreases the production of autoantibodies. Clinically, this has been suspected in immune thrombocytopenic purpura in which there are apparent improvements in patients with chronic disease, but no controlled studies have been performed to verify this. In acquired hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease, however, it seems quite clear that there is direct neutralization of autoanti-factor VIII antibodies by intravenous immune globulin by a presumed Fab-mediated anti-idiotype mechanism. This hypothesis has appeal and has been postulated on the basis of in vitro studies, as well as looking directly at the B cell. Another study supporting this mechanism showed that intravenous immune globulin preparations with altered Fc portions still mediate some platelet increase, even if not as much as intact IgG molecules. It remains unclear whether any effects that are the result of a lower level of autoantibody could be mediated through T cells or macrophages, rather than having direct action on the B cell. In any event, these findings strongly support the hypothesis that decreased levels of autoantibody lead to intermediate (weeks) and long-term (months to years) responses after intravenous immune globulin treatment.
Abnormal neural encoding of repeated speech stimuli in noise in children with learning problems.

Abstract Objectives : This study investigated whether neurophysiologic responses to repeated speech stimuli, presented in quiet and noise, differed between normal children (NL) and children with learning problems (LP). Methods : Subjects were normal-hearing, school-age children. NL subjects scored significantly better than LP subjects on measures of reading, spelling and speech sound discrimination. Stimuli (40 ms /da/) were presented to the right ear at 80 dB SPL. Stimuli were presented in trains of four, separated within trains by 360 ms. The interval between trains was 1060 ms. Stimuli were presented in quiet and in white noise (S/N+15). Cortical responses were recorded from an electrode placed along the midline at Cz. Results : Correlations between the first and 4th responses were lower in noise than in quiet for LP subjects only. Response correlations in quiet were no different between groups. There were no root-mean-square (RMS) amplitude differences between groups. Conclusions : Response correlation in noise suggested that the LP population consisted of two subgroups, one whose responses appeared relatively normal, and another whose responses were severely degraded by repetition in noise. Response correlations in noise were related to behavioral measures of auditory processing and spelling. These findings suggest that abnormal, asynchronous, auditory cortical encoding may underlie some language-based learning problems.
Conversing with pedagogical agents: A phenomenological exploration of interacting with digital entities.

In this paper, we examine the meaning of conversing with pedagogical agents. Previous research has focused on examining cause and effect relationships, failing to take into account the meaning of the experiences individuals have when holding a dialogue with conversational agents for educational purposes. To understand these experiences, we have conducted a phenomenological examination of what it means to converse with a pedagogical agent. In phenomenological terms, findings suggest the experience is complex, engrossing, virtual yet real, human-like, and social. Implications for the future design, implementation, and research of conversational agents in educational and other settings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Bone marrow transplant in adrenoleukodystrophy

An allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) from a normal HLA identical sibling donor was performed in a 13-year-old boy with rapidly progressive adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Engraftment and complete hematologic recovery occurred within 4 weeks, but neurologic deterioration continued. The patient died of an adenovirus infection 141 days after BMT. ALD is characterized by abnormally high plasma levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) as a result of impaired capacity to degrade them. Ten days after BMT, the white blood cell VLCFA levels and enzyme activity became normal; after 3 months, there was progressive reduction of plasma VLCFA to levels only slightly above normal.
Pain response to perineuromal injection of normal saline, epinephrine, and lidocaine in humans.

Rat neurons have shown an increase of spontaneously active fibers to systemically administered potassium channel blocking agents such as tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) and gallamine. Neuroma formation and spontaneous activity have been associated with autotomy in rats and pain in humans. To evaluate the chemosensitivity of human neurons to potassium channel blocking agents, 9 subjects with neuroma pain underwent perineuromal injection in a single-blinded fashion of normal saline, gallamine, and lidocaine. Sodium had no effect on control pain levels, while gallamine significantly increased and lidocaine significantly decreased pain from control levels. Three of 4 patients with accompanying phantom limb pain noted an increase in pain after the injection of gallamine. The data suggest that peripheral input plays a modulating but not solitary role in both neuroma and phantom limb pain. Agents which increase potassium channel permeability or decrease sodium influx would be predicted to decreased perceived pain.
A technique for excising the orthotopic or ectopic ureteric remnant.

Summary— A technique is described for removing the entire ureter in children by intussuscepting the ureter into the bladder. The technique has been successfully used in the orthotopic refluxing ureter and in the ectopic ureter.
Moment-based dimension reduction for multivariate response regression

Abstract Dimension reduction aims to reduce the complexity of a regression without requiring a pre-specified model. In the case of multivariate response regressions, covariance-based estimation methods for the k th moment-based dimension reduction subspaces circumvent slicing and nonparametric estimation so that they are readily applicable to multivariate regression settings. In this article, the covariance-based method developed by Yin and Cook (2002. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 64, 159–175) for univariate regressions is extended to multivariate response regressions and a new method is proposed. Simulated and real data examples illustrating the theory are presented.
The three-dimensional structure of atmospheric magnetic fields in two active regions

The magnetic field above two unrelated active regions on September 11-12, 1974 has been studied by means of magnetograms obtained in C I 9111, Fe I 8688, Ca II 8542, and H-alpha. In C I, originating low in the photosphere, the fields are strong and sharply defined, by contrast with Ca II and H-alpha, where they are very diffuse. The similar diffuseness of Fe I is due to the spreading of the field with height to form nearly horizontal magnetic canopies over regions free of field at lower levels. Within a region between two small sunspots some 140 Mm apart, the canopy height is typically 300-400 km, and it is about 150-250 km within a small superpenumbra. It is hypothesized that the chromospheric fibrils taken to delineate the field configuration are not due primarily to lateral variations in field, but rather to differences in density or excitation of gas across the lines of force.
The presence of large amounts of type III collagen in bovine dental pulp and its significance with regard to the mechanism of dentinogenesis

Abstract Type I and type III collagens were isolated from the pulp of bovine molar teeth. The molecular species α1(I), α2, and α1(III) were identified by Chromatographic behaviour, electrophoretic mobility, amino acid composition and molecular weight distribution of CNBr cleavage products. The proportions of type I and type III collagen were determined by quantitative electrophoresis of CNBr digests of whole tissue. Pulp specimens were selected to represent stages of active, moderate and inactive dentinogenesis. The total collagen content of pulp increased with maturity, but type III was constant 45 per cent of the total collagen at each stage. Thus, the collagen of dental pulp is chemically distinct from that of dentine. These findings indicate that dental pulp collagen cannot be the immediate precursor of dentine collagen.
Three grades of probabilistic involvement

Though it has become a commonplace that probabilistic contexts are intentional, the precise sense in which this is true has never, to my knowledge, been stated. By making use of a relatively non-controversial set of distinctions regarding the grades of modal involvement, I am able to state more exactly than has been done previously the grade of intensionality which probability statements have prima facie. The distinctions I employ are, with certain qualifications, those introduced by Quine in his wellknown paper, ‘Three Grades of Modal Involvement.’ By means of paraphrases, I am able to show that probability statements exemplify what Quine calls the third grade of modal involvement. Consequently, they are intensional in a way not acceptable to the majority of extensionalists.
New Method for Computing the Resonant Frequencies of Dielectric Resonators (Short Papers)

A new method is develop for accurately predicting resonant frequencies of dielectric resonators used in microwave circuits. By introducing an appropriate approximation in the field distribution outside the resonator an analytical formulation becomes possible. Two coupled eigenvalue equations thus derived are subsequently solved by a numerical method. The accuracy of the results computed by the present method is demonstrated by comparison with previously published data.
PHASON STRAIN IN QUASICRYSTALS

On decrit les phonons, les phasons et les dislocations comme des distorsions et changements de disposition des mailles. Mise en evidence d'une relation entre le modele des mailles de ces defauts et celui des ondes de densite. Discussion de la deformation et de la relaxation des variables des phasons dans le modele des mailles
Generational Differences in Japanese Americans' Preferred Senior Service Environments

Japanese American social service agencies and senior centers were created during the 1970s based on the needs of the first (Japanese-speaking) and second (bilingual) generations of Japanese Americans. In 2011, the oldest baby boomers turned 65. Acculturated, English-speaking Japanese American baby boomers may have different preferences about types of services and activities. This study compared the preferences of 230 Japanese American baby boomers and 183 seniors regarding ethnic-specific and nonethnic-specific social service and senior center environments. Despite acculturation, the baby boomers preferred the mixed service environment that included both Japanese-specific and nonethnic-specific activities, suggesting the importance of maintaining Japanese culture.
Dying or living?: The double bind.

Describing the behaviors of terminally ill patients, their families and those charged with their care has received considerable attention during the past decade. This study of a comprehensive cancer treatment and research facility indicates that the prevailing theory is limited to explanation at the intra-psychic level. In her work with hundreds of terminal cases, Dr. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross found that patients typically progress through five stages: 1) denial, 2) anger, 3) bargaining, 4) depression, and 5) acceptance. She concludes that the majority of her patients die in a stage of acceptance — a state of equanimity. Recently, scholars have claimed that this five stage scheme has limited applicability and may in fact contribute to the formalization of a dying person's behavior. This preliminary report proposes that the stage theory, if it has any descriptive validity, becomes meaningful only when used to describe behaviors occurring among patients, families, and medical practitioners. A plausible explanation of these behaviors is accomplished by examination of communication patterns containing the structure of paradox or double bind. Patients are forced to perceive realities about their physical conditions not as they appear to them, but as they are defined by those in their environment. This paper explores these communication patterns in relation to the structure of social relationships and the speck contents of messages being transmitted and received.
Single crystal growth of the transition metal monoxides by skull melting

Abstract A modified Bridgman technique by crucibleless skull melting has been applied to the growth of equiaxed, cmsized Mn 1−x O, Co 1−x O and Fe 1−x single crystals in f o 2 buffered atmospheres. The use of COCO 2 gaseous mixtures, suitable for growth and subsolidus annealing, has been investigated in order to optimize homogeneity, as indicated by X-ray diffraction and polarized reflected light microscopic characterization.
Early Childhood Teacher Policy in the United States: Continuing Issues, Overcoming Barriers, and Envisioning the Future

The decentralized and fragmented nature of the early childhood education and care (ECEC) system in the U.S., coupled with an ongoing teacher shortage, high teacher turnover rates, and the increasing demand for early childhood (EC) teachers, has led to low entry requirements and lenient regulations for most EC sectors. Yet, the recent call for school readiness of preschoolers is pushing the field to be equipped with highly qualified EC teachers with professional knowledge and competence. Efforts to provide quality ECEC services by improving the quality of the teaching force at various levels have been initiated in the U.S. In this paper, we describe: demographic profile of America’s ECEC teaching force; regulatory standards regarding entry-level teacher requirements; condition of pre-service teacher training in higher education; and provision of professional development and retention efforts. Current trends and challenges of EC teacher policy in the U.S. are presented, and implications for EC policymakers are discussed.
A superior two-phase locking algorithm and its performance

Abstract Concurrent transactions, during their execution, may conflict over common data entities. Such conflicts are resolved by concurrency control mechanisms by use of operations such as transaction rollback and/or transaction blocking. There are a number of mechanisms available and each applies these operations in different ways to resolve conflicts and claims some performance advantages. In this work we have analyzed the behavior of a new deadlock-free two-phase locking mechanism, called Cautious Waiting, and have compared its performance with other well-known mechanisms. The mechanism is conceptually quite simple; therefore it is not likely to be difficult to implement. We show that this mechanism performs consistently better under a wide range of parameter values than the other mechanisms investigated here. We also show that it is more robust, in the sense that it is less sensitive to load increases and other changes in parameter settings. In contrast, we show that one of the most commonly used mechanisms is not as robust and efficient under stress situations.
Perturbation calculation for the eight-vertex model around the Ising point for T → Tc−

Abstract The dispersion expansion for the two-point electric correlation function in the eight-vertex model is calculated to first order in the four-spin coupling in the scaling limit. The dispersion expansion for the spin-spin-energy density correlation function in the Ising model is used. The result is not a simple extension of the Fredholm structure in the Ising model.
Comparison of child and adult vibrotactile thresholds as a function of frequency and duration

Psychophysical thresholds for the detection of sinusoidal vibration of the thenar eminence of the hand were determined for children and adults. The subjects in the child group were between 8 and 11 years old, and the adults were between 20 and 39 years old. Measurements were made for vibration frequencies ranging from 18 to 700 Hz and stimulus durations ranging from 28 to 1,000 msec. For both children and adults, thresholds were a Il-shaped function of stimulus frequency. However, the exact form of the function was influenced by the age of the subjects. At frequencies above 200 Hz, thresholds were virtually identical for children and adults, but below this frequency children were more sensitive than adults. This finding, in combination with known changes in the anatomy of the Pacinian corpuscle with age, is in agreement with a filter model of this cutaneous receptor. Furthermore, variation of stimulus duration resulted in data in agreement with the theory that two classes of mechanoreceptors, Pacinian and non-Pacinian, mediate the perception of vibration.
Architectural dynamics of the meiotic spindle revealed by single-fluorophore imaging.

Bipolarity of the meiotic spindle, required for proper chromosome segregation, is maintained throughout cell division despite rapid microtubule turnover. How this is achieved has remained mysterious, as determining the organization of individual spindle microtubules has been difficult. Here, we develop single-fluorophore speckle imaging to examine microtubule organization in the vertebrate meiotic spindle. We find that the mean length of microtubules is ∼40% of spindle length. Long and short filaments distribute randomly throughout the spindle and those in close proximity can move in the same direction with highly heterogeneous velocities. The ratio between microtubule and spindle lengths remains unchanged as spindles elongate upon dynein–dynactin inhibition. However, maintaining this ratio depends on proper kinesin-5 function. Our data suggest that force transmission within the spindle must be understood in terms of the crosslinking dynamics of a tiled array of individual filaments, most of which do not span the distance from the pole to the metaphase plate.
A computer-based nurse scheduling system

Abstract This paper describes a computer-based system for scheduling nurses in a St. Louis hospital. List processing and problem oriented data structures provided a flexible framework for the development of a heuristic which considers a complicated set of constraints when generating monthly shift schedules. The scheduling system covers several staff categories (supervisors, RN's, LPN's, AIDES, secretaries), considers individual preferences for shifts and days off, includes part-time employees, accommodates special requests for days off or particular shift assignments, and provides a convenient interface for the scheduling clerks who make final adjustments to the computer-generated schedules.
Dental providers' attitudes regarding the application of fluoride varnish by pediatric health care providers.

Objectives: To ascertain what proportion of dental hygienists and dentists in Indiana, United States, support the application of fluoride varnish in medical offices, and to determine if support differed by dental provider characteristics, practice characteristics, a limited assessment of knowledge about fluoride, or use of fluoride. Methods: Practicing dental hygienists and dentists in 2005 were asked to fill out a mail questionnaire. Logistic regression models tested the association of independent variables with support for medical providers applying varnish. Results: Response rates were 36% (dental hygienists) and 37% (dentists); median year of graduation was 1988 and 1981. Sixty-six percent of respondents were in solo practices, 82% of dentists in general practice, 5% in dental pediatrics, and 13% were other specialists. While 51.2% of dental professionals agreed that medical practices could apply fluoride varnish, 29% responded “none” should be allowed, and 19% were undecided. In the multivariable logistic regression for support of medical practices applying fluoride versus not supporting it, three practice characteristics and two measures of fluoride use were significant. Provider characteristics and a limited assessment about knowledge about fluoride were not significant. Conclusions: Half of dental professionals felt that it was appropriate for medical providers to apply fluoride varnish; pediatric dental professionals were less supportive. A few dental practice characteristics were associated with acceptance of the use of fluoride varnish by medical care providers: targeting messages to dental hygienists and those with practices in mixed rural-urban areas may be a useful approach to garner greater support for this medical/dental partnership.
Mass spectra of 5‐styryl and 5‐acylpyrazoles

High-resolution, electron-impact, mass-spectrometric measurements have been made on three types of pyrazoles. Type 1 comprised ethyl 5-styrylpyrazole-3-carboxylates having in the α-position of the styryl group either a hydrogen atom, a methyl, or a phenyl group. Type II were 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles having phenyl (or p-substituted phenyl) groups in position 1, amide or carboxylate groups in position 3, and styryl (or α-substituted styryl) groups in position 5. Type III differed from type II in possessing a readily cleaved acyl or aroyl group instead of the styryl group. The compounds containing styryl groups gave significant ions corresponding to the formation of polycyclic heteroaromatic rings, in addition to various other fragments derived from such rings. Intensities and accurate mass-measurements are given for all ions having intensities exceeding 5% of the base peak.
[(CO)3(dppe)Mn(OH2)]BF4 (1). A synthetically versatile compound and its use as a probe for determining the preferred site of coordination on ambident ligands

Abstract Previous work in this laboratory has shown that the Mn(I) octahedral complex, [(CO)3(dppe)Mn(OH2)]BF4 (1), may be used for the synthesis of many related complexes by the ready replacement of the aqua ligand by neutral and anionic ligands, leading to new complexes having a variety of functional groups sigma (η1) bonded to the Mn atom. This procedure has now been extended to ligands possessing phenolic and carboxylic acid groups, including amino acids. Compound 1 is used as a probe to compare the relative coordinating ability of different heteroatoms on ambident ligands. The 1H NMR spectra of the resulting complexes show two signals at room temperature for the four protons (each 2H m) of the dppe-Mn metallacyle whose position depends on the specific atom of the ligand that is attached to the metal. The spectrum of 1, however, shows only one signal (4H m). On cooling to −53 °C this signal is split in two (both 2H, m) owing to a slowing of the rapid reversible dissociation of the aqua ligand.
Critical Remarks on Weber's Theory of Authority*

Max Weber has often been criticized for advocating a wertfrei, ethically neutral approach in the social sciences and for thereby denying to man, in the words of Leo Strauss, “any science, empirical or rational, any knowledge, scientific or philosophic, of the true value system.” On the other hand, Carl Friedrich points out that Weber's “ideal-type analysis led him to introduce value judgments into his discussion of such issues as bureaucracy.” There is some justification for both these criticisms. Indeed, a characteristic of Weber's work is that it can be and has been subjected to opposite criticisms, not only in this respect but also in others. Historians object to his disregard for the specific historical conditions under which the social phenomena he analyzes have taken place, which sometimes leads him to combine historical events that occurred centuries apart into a conception of a social system. Sociologists, in contrast, accuse him of being preoccupied with interpreting unique historical constellations, such as Western capitalism, instead of studying recurrent social phenomena which make it possible to develop testable generalizations about social structures. His methodology is attacked as being neo-Kantian, but his concept of Verstehen is decried as implying an intuitionist method. While his theories are most frequently cited in contradistinction to those of Marx, they have also been described as basically similar to Marx's.
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in high-risk preterm infants: natural history, management, and long-term outcome.

The natural history, medical management, and outcome in infants with progressive posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage were studied prospectively. Infants with asymptomatic severe posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus were managed with a predetermined protocol. Outcome between groups at 1 to 2 years and at more than 3 years was compared. The natural history study, restricted to the inborn population, revealed that posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus developed in 53 of 409 infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. The progression of hydrocephalus either was arrested or regressed in 35 of 53 infants; progression to severe hydrocephalus occurred in 18 of 53 infants. The severe posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus was asymptomatic in 16 of 18 infants. The management and outcome study included both inborn and outborn infants. Of 50 infants, 12 had symptomatic severe hydrocephalus and 38 had asymptomatic severe hydrocephalus. The 16 infants managed with close observation were as likely to remain shunt free as the 22 infants managed with serial lumbar punctures. Of 38 infants, 20 were managed without shunts. At 3 to 6 years, the outcome of infants in the close observation group did not differ from that in the lumbar puncture group. Long-term outcome of infants with progression to asymptomatic severe hydrocephalus did not differ from that of infants in whom disease progression was arrested. Poor outcome in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage and subsequent posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus was related to severity of hemorrhage and gestational age at birth
NK cells: immune cross-talk and therapeutic implications

Increased evidence of cross-talk between NK cells and other immune cells has enhanced the possibilities of exploiting the interplay between the activation and inhibition of NK cells for immunotherapeutic purposes. The battery of receptors possessed by NK cells help them to efficiently detect aberrant and infected cells and embark on the signaling pathways necessary to eliminate them. Endogenous expansion of NK cells and their effector mechanisms are under exploration for enhancing adoptive immunotherapy prospects in combination with immunostimulatory and cell-death-sensitizing treatments against cancer, viral infections and other pathophysiological autoimmune conditions. Various modes of NK cell manipulation are being undertaken to overcome issues such as relapse and graft rejections associated with adoptive immunotherapy. While tracing the remarkable properties of NK cells and the major developments in this field, we highlight the role of immune cooperativity in the betterment of current immunotherapeutic approaches.
Intramolecular hydrogen bonding. IX. Theoretical geometries of substituted anthraquinones relevant to proton transfer studies

Abstract Equilibrium geometries have been determined at the STO-3G RHF level for the ground electronic states of 1,4-, 1,5-, and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ) and 1-aminoanthraquinone. Calculated bond lengths agree well with the limited available experimental data. The structure around the intramolecular hydrogen bonds is very similar in all three dihydroxyanthraquinones, including 1,8-DHAQ where both hydrogen bonds are to the same oxygen atom. The form arising from double intramolecular proton transfer in 1,4-DHAQ (quinizarin) is 10.4 kcal/mol higher in energy. Even though the hydrogen bond in 1-aminoanthraquinone is weak by the usual spectroscopic criteria, it appears to play a major role in organizing the molecule's structure. The oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the NH…OC hydrogen bond are moved in opposite directions out of the mean molecular plane. This, along with rotation about the CN bond, brings the proton of the hydrogen bond close to the plane in which the carbonyl oxygen lone pair electrons are expected to lie.
Possible worlds as shifting domains

Those who object to David Lewis' modal realism express qualms about philosophical respectability of the Lewisian notion of a possible world and its correlate notion of an inhabitant of a possible world. The resulting impression is that these two notions either stand together or fall together. I argue that the Lewisian notion of a possible world is otiose even for a good Lewisian modal realist, and that one can carry out a good Lewisian semantics for modal discourse without Lewisian possible worls. I do so by generalizing Lewis' own idea that restrictions on quantification “come and go with the pragmatic wind” and relativizing possible worlds as shifting domains of discourse. I then suggest a way to soften the infamous “incredulous stare”.
From requirements to partial behavior models: an iterative approach to incremental specification refinement

In this thesis, I will improve the state-of-the-art for capturing, analyzing, and refining functional requirements by providing support for synthesizing, analyzing, and refining Modal Transition Systems.
Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring during diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the utility of transcutaneous CO 2 (TC-CO 2 ) monitoring in following the response to therapy in children and adolescents in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) requiring ICU admission. Methods: During therapy for DKA, TC-CO 2 was monitored and compared with the serum bicarbonate values (HCO - 3). As clinically indicated, serum electrolytes including serum HCO - 3 were drawn and at the same time, the TC-CO 2 value was recorded. Using the TC-CO 2 value and the equation (PaCO 2 = 1.5 x HCO3 + 8), a calculated HCO - 3 value was determined. The measured serum HCO - 3 value was subtracted from the calculated HCO3 value and the absolute difference was recorded. The difference between the measured serum HCO - 3 and the calculated HCO3 was analysed using analysis of variance after stratification for serum HCO - 3 values and patient age ranges. Calculated to serum HCO - 3 values were compared using linear regression analysis. In addition, serum HCO - 3 values were plotted against TC-CO 2 values to derive an equation from these data which would relate the TC-CO 2 values to the measured serum HCO - 3. Results: The cohort included 28 patients ranging in age from 1.6 to 21 years (9.4 ± 4.7 years) and in weight from 13 to 96 kg (35.6 ± 18.2 kg). Two additional patients were not included as the initial TC-CO 2 values were inaccurate because of tissue hypoperfusion. In the remaining 28 patients, the absolute difference between the calculated bicarbonate and serum bicarbonate values was 1.5 ± 1.2 mmol.l -1 . The difference was ≤2 mol.l in 74.4% of samples and <5 mmol.l -1 in 99.2%. No difference in the value between the calculated and measured serum HCO - 3 was present according to serum HCO3 value or patient's age. Linear regression analysis of calculated HCO3 against serum HCO3 revealed a slope of 0.95 and an r2 value of 0.88. Linear regression analysis using serum HCO3 against TC-CO 2 resulted in the following equations: TC-CO 2 = (1.64 × HCO - 3) + 3.9 or HCO - 3 = 0.61 x (TC-CO 2 - 3.9). Conclusions: TC-CO 2 correlates with serum HCO - 3 and can be used to follow therapy in children and adolescents in DKA.