cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Orthogonal waveforms for high resolution range-Doppler target reflectivity estimation

This paper presents a new framework to simultaneously achieve multiple objectives in ultrawideband radar signal processing. These objectives include high resolution range-Doppler imaging, clutter rejecting adaptive diversity waveform design, removal of high level range-Doppler clutter, and use of a priori knowledge. Our approach utilizes the Fourier transform of the affine group and a Wiener type spectral domain filtering for reconstruction. The proposed affine Fourier based reconstruction naturally couples with the waveform design problem and we have shown that the eigenfunctions of certain operator corresponding to maximum eigenvalues yield clutter rejecting waveforms for optimal range-Doppler imaging.
Searching for the hemochromatosis grail.

The past few years have seen the identification of the molecular defects for many inherited disorders. Why then does the gene for hemochromatosis (HC), a very common disease, remain unknown? This particular search has advantages of availability of large pedigrees, preliminary chromosomal localization and some promising clues as to the biochemical defect. Indeed, with the explosion of activity in genome mapping, it is quite likely that the HC gene has already been cloned (albeit unwittingly) and partly sequenced -but alas not recognized. Until recently, the search has not attracted many participants; perhaps because of the continuing, but unwarranted, perception that HC is only a minor health concern. The smattering of small groups in HC research pales besides the armies mustered for other common disorders such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and Huntington’s disease with their consortia of clinicians, geneticists and molecular biologists. The identification of these genes was also facilitated by a more open exchange of published clones, probes and families This article discusses some of the practical and conceptual problems peculiar to the search for the HC gene.
Histochemical Localization of True Lipase.

SummaryWater-soluble unsaturated fatty acid esters are hydrolyzed almost exclusively by the pancreatic type of esterase (true lipase) while similar esters of saturated fatty acids are readily attacked by esterases of both the hepatic and pancreatic type. This difference is utilized in a technic for the histochemical localization of true lipase activity. The findings presented may have implications in human pathology.
Epitaxial Growth of Aluminum Nitride on Sapphire and Silicon

The microstructural characteristics of wide band gap semiconductor, hexagonal A1N thin films on Si(100), (111), and sapphire (0001) and (10ī2) were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction. The films were grown by MOCVD from TMA1 + NH3 + N2 gas mixtures. Different degrees of film crystallinity were observed for films grown on α-A12O3 and Si substrates in different orientations. The epitaxial growth of high quality single crystalline A1N film on (0001) α-Al2O3 was demonstrated with a dislocation density of about 2*1010cm−2. The films on Si(111) and Si(100) substrates were textured with the c-axis of A1N being perpendicular to the substrate surface.
Magnetic Silica-Supported Palladium Catalyst: Synthesis of Allyl Aryl Ethers in Water

A simple and benign procedure for the synthesis of aryl allyl ethers has been developed using phenols, allyl acetates, and magnetically recyclable silica-supported palladium catalyst in water; the performance of the reaction in air and easy separation of the catalyst using an external magnet are sustainable attributes of the reaction.
Invasive Species: A Look at their Disastrous Effects on Ecosystems, Health, and Stability of Native Species

Invasive predators, competitors, and disease-causing pathogens are the cause of immense and often irreversible harm to the environment, presenting a serious threat to biodiversity. The problem of invasive species dates back to ancient times, when people started using different methods of transport such as horses, canoes, and camels to travel quickly, bringing with them lice, rats, microbes, cows, cats, dogs, goats, pigs, and other creatures. The actions of other species, most notably humans, play an increasing role in species invasions, as Homo sapiens have colonized almost all of the ecosystems on Earth and tend to transform natural environments into agricultural or urban landscapes. Invasive organisms can have negative effects on ecosystems and disastrous effects on native flora and fauna, and the most effective way to thwart further invasions and protect biodiversity is to prevent these new species introductions. The instillation of protocols such as the closer inspection of pallets in international trade and travel, effective education programs, and aggressive monitoring and eradication programs is necessary to reduce the deleterious effects of invasive species.
The Evaluation of the Surface Water in Lu'an City and the Analysis of the Its Changing Trend

The paper uses the pollution sharing rate to determine the evaluation factors and applies the integrated pollution index to give the comprehensive evaluation of the surface water in Lu'an city and the analysis of the changing trend from 2001 to 2007.Here does the study show:1) during the period between 2003 and 2007 among the seven canals,the quality of the water in the Main Channel of Pi River and Shi River was good,the rest was rather bad,and especially Pidong Channel and Dongfei River were worse;the quality of the water in Shi River,Pidong Channel and Dongfei River was becoming better,especially in Dongfei River;but that in the Main Channel of Pi River,Pi River,Feng River and Hangbu River was becoming worse,especially in Hangbu River;TN、TP、NH3-N、CODMn、COD were major superscale factors and TN was the most serious,and the water was mainly affected by nitrogen、phosphorus and organic pollution.2) During the period from 2001 to 2007,the water in Muzitan Reservoir and Fuziling Reservoir was rather clean,but the water in Meishan Reservoir、Xianghongdian Reservoir and Longhekou Reservoir was slightly polluted;the water in the reservoirs was becoming worse except Meishan Reservoir,especially in Muzitan Reservoir;TN was the major superscale factor and the water was mainly affected by life sullage and nitrogen and phosphorus in farming.
STUDY ON ROCKMASS DETERIORATION AND CHANGES OF POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY IN DOUBLE-POROSITY MEDIUM UNDER HYDRAULIC FRACTURE BASED ON DAMAGE THEORY

Firstly,according to the mechanism of rock damage of hydraulic fracturing for oil reservoir,considering the changes of matrix porosity and micro-cracks volumes after loading on rock,the tensor damage variable of rock damage is defined by using the changes of matrix porosity and microfracture volumes,and the rock damage deterioration model of hydraulic fracturing is obtained based on damage theory.Secondly,assuming the dynamic evolution of microfracture of the process of hydraulic fracturing satisfies with the Logistic fork standard model,the microfracture dynamic evolution model is established based on the damage theory and according to energy conservation principle of hydraulic fracturing,the internal relation among the volumetric strain,medium porosity and damage variable of the process of rock damage evolution is determined.Finally,the model of matrix porosity and the evolution of permeability tensor of Microfracture for hydraulic fracturing rock is established.Taking the well named 29-3,4 in Jilin oil field for example,the traditional method and the new one are implemented as modules into finite element software to simulate productivity to verify the advantage of new model.The comparison result shows that the new model is more suitable for practical situation.
COOLING GRADIENTS AND BRAIN DAMAGE WITH DEEP HYPOTHERMIA.

M ental changes have been reported by several investigators following operations with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass.1-6 The reasons for these changes have been numerous: emboli of calcium, muscle, air,7 fat,3,10 fibrin, silicon,9,11 denatured protein,8 and other factors, such as too rapid warming5 or cooling.4 Brain damage has been reported following cardiac operations utilizing surface cooling,2 cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate cooling and deep cooling, with or without an oxygenator, by Drew,4,5 Bjork,1 Ehrenhaft,6 and Brierley.2 Examination of the brain following death in our own patients who had been cooled rapidly with the use of profound hypothermia demonstrate brain damage. Bjork reported brain damage as the cause of death in 5 children undergoing cardiac operations in which deep hypothermia was used with various types of perfusion. Drew4,5 found mental changes in his first 3 patients who were operated upon after a change was made from a relatively inefficient heat exchanger to an efficient one. After first considering this as a problem of rewarming he found that the symptoms could be prevented by maintaining the cooling gradient (difference between the temperature of venous blood removed from the animal and arterial blood returned) between 10° and 15° C. This experiment is devised to determine whether the width of the cooling gradient during cardiopulmonary bypass has an effect upon brain damage in the dog.
Oscillating flow and separation of species in rectangular channels

The mass transfer and separation of species in a tube using oscillatory flows are strongly affected by the fluid flow profiles in the tube. It has been well established that oscillatory motion in a one-dimensional flow configuration leads to a single tuning dimensionless frequency, where optimum separation may be effected. In this work, the effect on species separation by two-dimensional laminar flow arising in a rectangular cross section is studied and a surprising result is that a second tuning frequency may occur at lower dimensionless oscillation frequencies. The physics reveals that this new optimum disappears when the aspect ratio is either very large or close to unity. These observations are related to the flow profiles at different aspect ratios.
Which Procedural Parts of the IEP Process Are the Most Judicially Vulnerable

To provide a missing piece to the legal foundation of professional development and practice for the individualized education program (IEP) process, the authors report the results of a comprehensive systematic analysis of court decisions specific to IEP-related procedural violations after the 2004 amendments of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. Research questions focused on the frequency and outcomes of alleged procedural violations in the following categories: (a) IEP components, (b) IEP team, (c) parent participation, and (d) IEP development. Procedural violations in the parent participation category were the most frequently adjudicated; the outcomes ratio in court averaged approximately 3:1 in favor of school districts for cases across all four categories. Implications for practice include reconsideration of current policies and practices to whatever extent that they were based on case law rather than proactive priorities, per the lack of differentiation in prevailing publications and pre...
Bleeding Associated with ECMO

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used for approximately 40 years to support the lung and heart; however, bleeding remains a serious complication during ECMO. The known etiology of bleeding includes heparin effect or overdose, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, acquired von Willebrand syndrome, and hyperfibrinolysis. Bleeding sites may be cannula insertion sites, the lung, gastrointestinal tract, mouth, nose, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and brain. Among them massive bleeding in the brain can be immediately fatal due to anticoagulation. Pulmonary hemorrhage may cause irreversible lung damage. Management should not be delayed in order to prevent fatal bleeding. However, the balance between bleeding and thrombosis is extremely delicate in the setting of ECMO. Experts in hemostasis should be a part of ECMO team and always available for immediate management.
Orienting the Interaction Compass: Resource Availability as a Major Driver of Context Dependence

Life on earth is enormously diverse, in part because each individual engages in countless interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment during its lifetime. Not only are there many such interactions, but any given interaction of each individual with, say, its neighbor or a nutrient could lead to a different effect on its fitness and on the dynamics of the population of which it is a member. Predicting those effects is an enduring challenge to the field of ecology. Using a simple laboratory system, Hoek and colleagues present evidence that resource availability can be a primary driver of variation between interactions. Their results suggest that a complex continuum of interaction outcomes can result from the simple combined effects of nutrient availability and density-dependent population dynamics. The future is rich with potential to integrate tractable experimental systems like theirs with hypotheses derived from studies of interactions in natural communities.
Improved target recognition response using collaborative brain-computer interfaces

The advantage of using collaborative brain-computer interfaces in improving human response in visual target recognition tests was investigated. We used a public EEG dataset created from recordings made using a 32-channel EEG system by Delorme et al. (2004) to compare the classification accuracy using one, two, and three EEG signal sets from different subjects. Fourteen participants performed a go/no-go categorization task on images that were presented very briefly, with the target images of natural photos of animals and distractor images of photos that did not contain animals. First, we compared the EEG responses evoked by the target and distractor images, and it was determined that the P300 (i.e., a positive deflection in voltage with a latency of 300 ms) response evoked by the target images was significantly higher than that evoked by the distractor images. Second, we calculated and compared the classification accuracy using one, two, and three EEG signal sets. We used a linear support vector machine with 5-fold cross validation. Compared to the results obtained from single brain prediction (79.4%), the overall accuracy of two- and three-brains prediction was higher (89.3% and 88.7%, respectively). Furthermore, the time required to achieve 90% accuracy was significantly less when using EEGs from two and three brains (100 ms) than when using one brain (230 ms). These results provide evidence to support the hypothesis that one can achieve higher levels of perceptual and cognitive performance by leveraging the power of multiple brains through collaborative brain-computer interfaces.
Abstract 5215: Time dependent blood-brain barrier modulation by vascular endothelial growth factor to improve CNS drug delivery

Introduction: Efforts to transiently increase blood brain barrier permeability would facilitate improved CNS delivery of chemotherapy agents. Previous studies demonstrated that vascular endothelial factor (VEGF) increases permeability in traumatic brain injury and ischemic brain disease. Exogenously administered VEGF increases barrier permeability in the non-diseased CNS. In our study, we investigated the role for exogenous VEGF therapy to modulate blood-brain barrier permeability Methods: For in vitro studies, confluent mouse brain endothelial cells (BEND.3) were treated with VEGF165. Trans-endothelial electrical resistance measured cell impedance changes and immunofluorescence was used to assess qualitative expression of tight and adherens junction proteins at key time points. Western blotting and qPCR were done to evaluate the effect of VEGF on expression of protein and RNA associated with tight and adherens junctions. Results: Confluent endothelial cells treated with rVEGF165 (200ng/mL) evaluated by TEER show a significant drop in cell impedance approximately 6 hours post treatment, compared to control (more than 10-fold) reflecting increased permeability of the monolayer. Treatment with progressively higher doses of VEGF (200, 400, and 600ng/mL) showed a progressively greater drop in cell impedance. Immunofluorescence of endothelial cells treated with rVEGF165 (200ng/mL) shows disassembly of both tight junctions and adherens junctions between 4 and 8 hours post-treatment compared to controls. Western blots and qPCR demonstrate that rVEGF165 treatment induces down-regulation of genes associated with tight junctions, such as Claudin5, beginning as early as 4 hours post treatment and continuing up to 24 hours post treatment. Conclusion: Our results suggest that VEGF is capable of inducing transient breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, which may facilitate improved CNS delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Our in vitro data warrants further investigations of the applicability of VEGF therapy to induce endothelial cell permeability in animal tumor models, potentially improving delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. Citation Format: Matthew McCord. Time dependent blood-brain barrier modulation by vascular endothelial growth factor to improve CNS drug delivery [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5215. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5215
Prioritized Buffer Control in Two-tier 360 Video Streaming

360 degree video compression and streaming is one of the key components of Virtual Reality (VR) applications. In 360 video streaming, a user may freely navigate through the captured 3D environment by changing her desired viewing direction. Only a small portion of the entire 360 degree video is watched at any time. Streaming the entire 360 degree raw video is therefore unnecessary and bandwidth-consuming. One the other hand, only streaming the video in the predicted user's view direction will introduce streaming discontinuity whenever the the prediction is wrong. In this work, a two-tier 360 video streaming framework with prioritized buffer control is proposed to effectively accommodate the dynamics in both network bandwidth and viewing direction. Through simulations driven by real network bandwidth and viewing direction traces, we demonstrate that the proposed framework can significantly outperform the conventional 360 video streaming solutions.
Supramolecular interactions within a dual organometallic adduct based upon trimeric perfluoro- ortho -phenylenemercury and ferrocenecarboxaldehyde

Abstract With its proximal orientation of Hg(II) atoms, intrinsic accessibility to electrophilic sites on the molecular surface and perfluorinated periphery responsible for its electron-withdrawing nature, trimeric perfluoro- ortho -phenylenemercury, ( o -C 6 F 4 Hg) 3 , has demonstrated a capacity to form a wide variety of supramolecular adducts. In these complexes, the Lewis acid ( o -C 6 F 4 Hg) 3 interacts with numerous Lewis bases via supramolecular interactions to stabilize the adduct. Even though various non-covalent interactions between ( o -C 6 F 4 Hg) 3 and a particular substrate can occur, in most cases a single interaction has the greatest influence on the overall crystal structure. In this contribution, we report the synthetic, structural, and luminescence properties of a dual organometallic adduct coupling ( o -C 6 F 4 Hg) 3 with ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (FcCA) [( o -C 6 F 4 Hg) 3 ·(FcCA)] 1 . Special attention will be given to highlight the various supramolecular interactions within 1 and how these influence crystal packing. The dominating supramolecular interaction within 1 is Hg⋯O contacts between the carbonyl group from FcCA and the three mercury atom core within ( o -C 6 F 4 Hg) 3 . The luminescence spectrum of 1 confirmed the non-covalent interaction between the carbonyl oxygen on FcCA and the Lewis acid ( o -C 6 F 4 Hg) 3 .
Photoacoustic-based approach to surgical guidance performed with and without a da Vinci robot

Death and paralysis are significant risks of modern surgeries, caused by injury to blood vessels and nerves hidden by bone and other tissue. We propose an approach to surgical guidance that relies on photoacoustic (PA) imaging to determine the separation between these critical anatomical features and to assess the extent of safety zones during surgical procedures. Images were acquired as an optical fiber was swept across vessel-mimicking targets, in the absence and presence of teleoperation with a research da Vinci Surgical System. Vessel separation distances were measured directly from PA images. Vessel positions were additionally recorded based on the fiber position (calculated from the da Vinci robot kinematics) that corresponded to an observed PA signal, and these recordings were used to indirectly measure vessel separation distances. Amplitude- and coherence-based beamforming were used to estimate vessel separations, resulting in 0.52- to 0.56-mm mean absolute errors, 0.66- to 0.71-mm root-mean-square errors, and 65% to 68% more accuracy compared to fiber position measurements obtained through the da Vinci robot kinematics. Similar accuracy was achieved in the presence of up to 4.5-mm-thick ex vivo tissue. Results indicate that PA image-based measurements of the separation among anatomical landmarks could be a viable method for real-time path planning in multiple interventional PA applications.
Conjunctive Water Management in the US Southwest

Water demands in the US Southwest have been subject to great pressures due to explosive population growth and climate variability that has produced decadal droughts. These pressures have led to unsustainable use of surface water and groundwater, forcing states to adopt conjunctive management of ground and surface water systems. Unfortunately, federal and state laws have not kept pace with the scientific development of management strategies. A series of examples are presented to illustrate some successes and failures of integration of surface water and groundwater management and its accompanying legal implications.
Solvent effect on the intermolecular proton transfer of the Watson and Crick guanine–cytosine and adenine–thymine base pairs: a polarizable continuum model study

Herein we present our results on the study of the double proton transfer (DPT) mechanism in the adenine-thymine (AT) and guanine-cytosine (GC) base pairs, both in gas phase and in solution. The latter was modeled using the polarizable continuum method (PCM) in different solvents. According to our DFT calculations, the DPT may occur for both complexes in a stepwise mechanism in condensate phase. In gas phase only the GC base pair exhibits a concerted DPT mechanism. Using the Wigner's tunneling corrections to the transition state theory we demonstrate that such corrections are important for the prediction of the rate constants of both systems in gas and in condensate phase. We also show that (i) as the polarity of the medium decreases the equilibrium constant of the DPT reaction increases in both complexes, and (ii) that the equilibrium constant in the GC complex is four orders of magnitude larger than in AT. This observation suggests that the spontaneous mutations in DNA base pairs are more probable in GC than in AT.
Malaria parasite evolution in a test tube.

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. In 2016, a staggering 216 million cases of malaria and 445,000 deaths were recorded, mostly in Africa, although half of the world's population in 91 countries is at risk of the disease ( 1 ). Malaria prevention methods include control of the mosquito with insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying of insecticides. Prompt diagnosis through the use of rapid diagnostic tests is also key. Although there is a malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01, it shows limited efficacy and has yet to be used widely. However, the frontline against malaria is antimalarial drugs, in particular artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), which are mixtures of artemisinin and its derivatives from the Chinese sweet wormwood herb, with drugs such as piperaquine. Alarmingly, the parasite is now resistant to most drugs that have been developed (see the figure). It is imperative that we identify new inhibitors if progress in reducing malaria is to be sustained. On page 191 of this issue, Cowell et al. ( 2 ) present a major step forward, revealing new antimalarial drug targets and their possible resistance mechanisms.
Case 5: Clashing Cultures

The vice principal of a nonprofit school in India must decide whether to compel her teaching staff to change their approach to conform to the expectations of international funders. This case deals with questions of how to reconcile cultural differences between NGO staff, who carry out the day-to-day work of the organization, and international funders, who may impose standards and norms from their own countries without consideration of the values of the home country. How should organizations navigate cultural clashes between different countries, or even between different communities within the same country? Handy and Russell suggest that readers consider what is ethical, using the tools provided in earlier chapters of the book.
Chapter 10 - Nitric Oxide Signaling in the Striatum

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews that nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous neuromodulator, which is a key player in the regulation of numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes in both the peripheral and central nervous system. NO has been shown to mediate various forms of synaptic plasticity, including short and long-term changes in the efficacy of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Three distinct isoforms of the NO-producing enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS; neuronal NOS, inducible NOS, endothelial NOS) have also been described. Of these isoforms, type 1 (neuro­nal, nNOS) has been shown to be ubiquitously distributed throughout the brain in an uneven manner, and is expressed in the nuclei of the basal ganglia in moderate levels. The chapter also discusses that striatal NOS activity has been reported to be depressed in the striatal complex of post-mortem brains of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and dopamine (DA)-depleted animals. Most pathophysiological models and metabolic studies of PD predict that the net effect of these alterations is an imbalance in striatal output in which the indirect pathway becomes functionally hyperactive and the direct pathway is slightly hypoactive. It reviews that future studies examining the impact of DA-depletion on the regulation of striatal NOS activity will further increase the understanding of sensorimotor integration within striatal networks involved in normal motor function and pathophysiological states.
Differential Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry of Waxes

Thermal analysis of waxes used in dentistry has been conducted using simple techniques such as differential plots from cooling curves1,2 and comparison of the temperature of a wax and a silicone oil on cooling.3 More recently the authors4 reported a differential thermal analysis (DTA) study of dental waxes and their components. Infrared absorption studies of the phase transitions in waxes has been published by Martin, Johnson, Cannon, and O’Neal5 and by Ludwig6, and the latter showed the orthorhombic-hexagonal and hexagonal-liquid transitions of paraffin wax could be determined from the infrared spectra and an analysis of paraffin and microcrystalline waxes in mixtures could be determined by this method. Lange and Jochinke7, Lorant8, Kawasaki, Komizu, and Uchida9, and Currell and Robinson10 reported differential thermal analysis of a variety of commercial waxes and esters. Lange and Jochinke7 concluded the height and position of the peaks were influenced by many factors and thus quantitative analysis of waxes by DTA in most instances was not possible. The later study by Currell and Robinson10 showed microcrystalline and polyethylene waxes were characterized by an endotherm at 475 to 480° C and the area of this peak could be used to estimate the amount of these waxes in mixtures; the melting curves were not unequivocal but for a few exceptions the paraffin waxes had at least two endothertns and the microcrystalline and polyethylene waxes only one.
Scaling Up SSTEP in Physical Education Teacher Education: Possibilities and Precautions

Faculty members in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) at Georgia State University (GSU) have conducted a series of inquiries in the tradition of self-study for program coherence, understanding, design, assessment, and revision for over 19 years. One of the main lines of scholarly work in that series has been a concerted effort to study the processes by which pre-service teachers acquire pedagogical content knowledge that is defined around the construct of model-based instruction (MBI) for physical education. In MBI, teachers learn the knowledge, skills, and reflections necessary to select, plan, implement, and assess effective instructional plans from a variety of approaches – not a single plan that represents the ‘one best way to teach’ this content to learners in schools. The PETE faculty have conducted and reported several ‘institutional’ or ‘programmatic’ self-studies (Erickson LB, Pinnegar S, Young, JR, A programmatic self-study of practice: exploring teacher educator knowledge. In: Young JR, Erickson LB, Pinnegar S (eds) The ninth international conference of self-study of teacher education practices. Brigham Young University Press, Provo, pp 98–101, 2012; Loughran J, Searching for meaning in structuring preservice teacher education. In: Erickson L, Pinnegar S, Young J (eds) Navigating the public and private: negotiating the diverse landscape of teacher education. Proceedings of the eighth international conference on the self-study of teacher education practices, Herstmonceux Castle, East Sussex, England. Brigham Young University, Provo, pp 133–136, 2010) of factors that influence the development of pre-service teachers’ knowledge base for MBI. Together, these studies have provided us with deep insights that have steered our PETE program for many years. The purpose of this meta-analytic chapter will be to share that extended self-study by synthesizing several related research projects that continue to guide the PETE program at GSU.
Occlusion of the fallopian tubes with tantalum clips.

The Fallopian tubes of 8 animals 3 baboons and 5 rhesus monkeys were occluded with tantalum or silver clips. There was no sloughing or tissue irritation. Upon removal of the clips after 1-7 months tubal patency seemed restored in 1/2 the cases; the rest seemed in the process of recovery. When 2 clips were applied to a tube hydrosalfpinx developed between the blocks indicating closure of that section. The clips were applied with a specially designed stapling instrument introduced through the cul-de-sac with Deckers technique of culdoscopy. Both placing the clips and removal may be done without laparotomy. The procedure may be regarded as a contraceptive measure rather than sterilization.
More efficient parallel integer sorting

We present a more efficient CREW PRAM algorithm for integer sorting. This algorithm sorts n integers in { 0, 1, 2, ..., n 1/2} in O ((logn )3/2/loglogn ) time and O (n (logn /loglogn )1/2) operations. It also sorts n integers in {0, 1, 2,..., n −1} in O ((logn )3/2/loglogn ) time and O (n (logn /loglogn )1/2logloglogn ) operations. Previous best algorithm [13] on both cases has time complexity O (logn ) but operation complexity O (n (logn )1/2).
HISTORICAL REVIEW OF HYDROGEN-FUELED ENGINE DEVELOPMENT

In this paper, efforts to utilize hydrogen as an internal combustion engine fuel over the period 1820–1980 are reviewed in historical and semi-technical context. The properties of hydrogen that make it a potentially superior fuel are identified, while emphasis is placed on the continuing efforts to solve the technical problems impeding such utilization.
Bone Marrow Acid Phosphatase in Prostate Cancer: An Assessment by Immunoassay and Biochemical Methods

AbstractComparisons of the bone marrow and serum acid phosphatase values obtained by counter-immunoelectrophoresis and the Roy biochemical test were made in 72 patients with and in 13 patients without prostatic cancer. The counter-immunoelectrophoresis test, when positive at more than 1 international unit per liter, showed only 4.4 per cent falsely positive results. The Roy biochemical test, which uses sodium thymolphthalein monophosphate as the substrate, had 65 per cent falsely positive bone marrow acid phosphatase levels.Conflicting reports regarding the value of bone marrow acid phosphatase determinations in patients with prostatic cancer result from the use of non-specific substrates in biochemical methods for measurement and from the trauma incidental to bone marrow aspiration, which releases many non-prostatic acid phosphatase enzymes. The use of immunoassay such as counter-immunoelectrophoresis minimizes this source of error.
Model-Free Control of Movement in a Tendon-Driven Limb via a Modified Genetic Algorithm

Tendon-driven systems have many benefits over other actuation strategies such as torque-driven systems; however, their over-determined nature and posture-dependent actuation presents strong constraints on their control. Also, parameters or even exact structure of the model in these systems, especially in the biological ones, are normally not clear to the controller. Here, we propose a modified Genetic Algorithm that provides the tendon excursion values for the limb to follow a desired trajectory. Our results show that the proposed algorithm was able to accurately follow the desired trajectory without the model of the system being exposed to it. We believe that this method can enable biologically inspired tendon-driven mechanisms with variable mechanical structures to autonomously control their movements.
Security, Archivists, and Digital Collections

This article presents results from an exploratory survey of 15 archivists, librarians, directors, and technicians regarding the security of digital collections. Participants defined security in ter...
Diverticulitis: Surgical Therapy

The majority of patients presenting with acute diverticulitis can be managed successfully with medical therapy. In the stable patient, a careful preoperative evaluation and discussion of treatment options can guide procedural or elective surgical interventions as needed. Disease progression resulting in an unstable clinical picture, diffuse peritonitis, large bowel obstruction, or failure of medical management should prompt expeditious surgical intervention. A comprehensive understanding of surgical indications and options in the management of acute diverticulitis is required to treat what may be a potentially lethal event for these patients.
A Probabilistic Approach to Human-Robot Communication

Since robots are increasingly expected to work in concert with humans in dynamic, unstructured environments, they will need to express information about their state and actions. We propose a formalism for planning robot communication that employs a probabilistic representation of the robots world. This representation takes on the form of a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and captures the uncertainty of interacting with humans. The key insight of this work is that humans preferences and time need to be carefully balanced against the robots in order to minimize human annoyance. The communication-MDP enables the robot to reason about the effects of its actions on a human interactor. We validated the model through a human subjects experiment (n=44) by learning communication policies for a loosely collaborative task. The results show that the communication-MDP improves participants’ perceptions of the robot’s thoughtfulness as an interactor.
Vitamin D status among preterm infants with cholestasis and metabolic bone disease

Background Metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBD) is a common problem among preterm infants. Our previous study identified cholestasis as an important risk factor for the development of MBD. We conducted this study to determine the vitamin D status in preterm infants with MBD and cholestasis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical record of preterm infants evaluated in NICU at Holtz Children's/Jackson Memorial Hospital between June 2014 and May 2016. Demographic, biochemical data, and vitamin D intake were collected and analyzed. Results We identified 58 preterm infants (median gestational age 25 weeks) with MBD during this period. Twenty five infants also developed cholestasis. Median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level at the time of diagnosis of MBD was similar in cholestasis (C), (29.1 ng/ml, IQR 24.4-33.5), and non-cholestasis (NC), (28.7 ng/ml, IQR 22.7-34.6), group (p = 0.41). At the second measurement, average 6 weeks after the first measurement; median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was lower (p = 0.02) in the C group (31.2 ng/ml, IQR 23.0-38.8) than in the NC group (36.5 ng/ml, IQR 28-45). However, the actual percentage of infants with vitamin D deficiency was similar in both the groups. Conclusion Most preterm infants with cholestasis and MBD had normal vitamin D status.
Ethical Questions in Name Authority Control: edited by Jane Sandberg. Sacramento: Library Juice Press, 2019. vii, 410 p. ISBN: 978-1-63400-054-3. $35.00.

Authority control is not a field of cataloging in which monographs are terribly common—the ethics of cataloging even less so. Ethical Questions in Name Authority Control, as a search of an online c...
The role of demographic history and selection in shaping genetic diversity of the Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus)

Although many studies have documented the effects of demographic bottlenecks on the genetic diversity of natural populations, there is conflicting evidence of the roles that genetic drift and selection may play in driving changes in genetic variation at adaptive loci. We analyzed genetic variation at microsatellite and mitochondrial loci in conjunction with an adaptive MHC class II locus in the Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus), a species that has undergone serial demographic bottlenecks associated with El Nino events through its evolutionary history. We compared levels of variation in the Galapagos penguin to those of its congener, the Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), which has consistently maintained a large population size and thus was used as a non-bottlenecked control. The comparison of neutral and adaptive markers in these two demographically distinct species allowed assessment of the potential role of balancing selection in maintaining levels of MHC variation during bottleneck events. Our analysis suggests that the lack of genetic diversity at both neutral and adaptive loci in the Galapagos penguin likely resulted from its restricted range, relatively low abundance, and history of demographic bottlenecks. The Galapagos penguin revealed two MHC alleles, one mitochondrial haplotype, and six alleles across five microsatellite loci, which represents only a small fraction of the diversity detected in Magellanic penguins. Despite the decreased genetic diversity in the Galapagos penguin, results revealed signals of balancing selection at the MHC, which suggest that selection can mitigate some of the effects of genetic drift during bottleneck events. Although Galapagos penguin populations have persisted for a long time, increased frequency of El Nino events due to global climate change, as well as the low diversity exhibited at immunological loci, may put this species at further risk of extinction.
Effects of Comorbid Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes on Hand Osteoarthritis, Pain, and Functional State Transitions: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project

Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the course of hand osteoarthritis (HOA) and its relationship with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes (DM). Methods Data were collected at 3 time points from 845 Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project participants (2/3 women, 1/3 African-Americans, mean age 60 years) with and without HOA, CVD, or DM. A diagnosis of radiographic hand osteoarthritis (rHOA) required a Kellgren-Lawrence severity grade of ≥2 in at least 3 joints in each hand. A four-state progressive model included transitions based on rHOA and pain or function as defined using the AUStralian CANadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN). Markov multi-state models estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (aHR [95%]) for associations between DM or CVD and specific state transitions, adjusting for baseline and time-varying covariates. Results Participants with DM (vs those without DM) were more likely to experience worsening pain with rHOA. Individuals who had or developed CVD (vs those who did not) were significantly less likely to experience symptomatic improvement, regardless of rHOA status. Those with DM or CVD (vs those without these comorbidities) were less likely to experience improvement in function, although this was statistically significant only for those with DM and no rHOA. Conclusion Overall, having or developing DM and/or CVD reduced the likelihood of symptomatic and functional improvement over time, suggesting an impact of comorbid CVD and DM on the clinical and radiographic course of HOA. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
A Predictive Abnormality Detection Model Using Ensemble Learning in Stencil Printing Process

This article aims to propose a predictive abnormality detection model in the stencil printing process (SPP). The SPP is the main contributor to surface mounting technology (SMT) soldering defects. The prediction of abnormal conditions is necessary to enhance the first-pass yield and reduce the reworking costs of the printed circuit board (PCB) assembly line. In this research, a novel multiphase intelligent abnormality prognosis (IAP) framework is proposed. The model comprises two phases: the abnormality detection phase and the abnormality prediction phase. The first phase is to develop the random forest-based exponential weighted moving average (RF-based EWMA) control chart. The goal is to properly monitor the highly autocorrelated SPP process and effectively recognize the existing patterns. In the second phase, the accurate prediction of anomalies within the SPP before they arise is achieved. The integration of adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) predictive modeling and a moving recognition window approach is proposed. To discriminate the different patterns from each other, features are extracted using the sliding window, and then, the AdaBoost model is adopted to predict the occurrence of abnormal patterns in the SPP. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed framework in early and accurate prediction of abnormal patterns within the SPP process to prevent solder paste printing defects and reduce the high reworking costs for large-scale production.
Development of the Small Satellite Cost Model 2019 (SSCM19)

Prompted by the rise in the use of small satellites throughout the space industry in the late 1980's, The Aerospace Corporation began to study small satellites to better understand the design principles that were being employed in their implementation. These studies highlighted the fact that cost models developed for traditional large satellites were not applicable to small satellites. This led to the development of the Small Satellite Cost Model (SSCM) in the mid 1990's. This model estimates subsystem- and system-level costs for satellites weighing less than 1000 kg using cost estimating relationships (CERs) derived from actual costs and technical parameters. Over the years, SSCM has evolved to account for the increasing number of small satellites that have been launched, which has included refining the CERs and increasing the scope of the model. This paper will discuss the development of the current version of SSCM released in 2019 (SSCM19). The topics covered will include the history of SSCM, the CER generation process, updates from the previous version of SSCM, the application of the model and future efforts to enhance the model.
Network isomorphism?: A network perspective on the symbolic performance of purpose-oriented networks

While there has been increasing interest in understanding network performance in public and nonprofit sectors, the existing literature on network performance has primarily focused on the internal f...
Coupling of the Surface and Near-Bottom Currents in the Gulf of Mexico.

Coupling between the surface and near-bottom currents in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) has been reported in many case studies. However, geographical variations of this coupling need more examination. In this study, surface geostrophic currents derived from satellite-observed sea surface height and subsurface currents from a collection of deep ocean moorings are used to examine the surface and bottom coupling in different parts of the GoM. The short-period (30-90 days) fluctuations generated by the Loop Current (LC) and the LC eddies (LCEs) have a more vertically coherent structure and stronger deep ocean expressions than the long-period fluctuations (>90 days). In addition, the strength of the coupling is modulated by the long-period variations of the LC and LCE sheddings. Moreover, the surface and bottom coupling varies geographically. In the LC region, the surface fluctuations along the eastern side of the LC are important in causing the bottom current fluctuations through baroclinic instability under the LC and through traveling topographic Rossby waves (TRWs) north of the LC. In the central deep GoM, the bottom currents are affected by the upper fluctuations of the northern LC through both local baroclinic instability and remote TRW propagation. In the northwestern GoM, the bottom current fluctuations are largely related to the remote surface variability from the west side of the LC by TRWs propagating northwestward. This study will help us better understand mechanisms of the bottom current fluctuations that are important for the dispersal of deep ocean materials and properties.