cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental expression pattern of Urechis unicinctus Vasa gene

The Vasa gene encoding an ATP-dependent RNA helicase protein member of the DEAD-box family,is one of the important regulatory factors which determines the germline cells development.In the present study,homolog cloning strategy and SMART RACE technique were used to isolate and clone the Vasa gene of U.unicinctus,a sole commercial species of Xenopenusta.The full length of the Vasa cDNA sequence is 4 080 bp,comprising an open reading frame(ORF)of 2 322 bp encoding a polypeptide of 773 amino acids,sharing nine conserved motifs of all DEAD-box family proteins.Phylogenetic analysis showed the deduced amino acids sequence contributes to the VASA-relate proteins.The temporal expression analysis of Vasa mRNA using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization techniques indicated Vasa mRNA was present in unfertilized eggs,fertilized eggs and 2-8 cell embryos,suggesting a maternally-provided characteristic.The expression level decreased obviously at blastula stage,and kept the low level from blastulas to worm-like larvae and juveniles.In situ hybridizations howed that Uu-Vasa mRNA is distributed equally in the cytoplasm of early embryos from unfertilized egg,fertilized egg to blastula.At gastrula stage,Uu-Vasa mRNA concentrated on endoderm and mesoderm of gastrula.In rtochophore,the Vasa positive signals are located in cells of alimentary canal.During the somite larvae,the hybridization signals appear in the cells of body segment membrane and alimentary canal.When developing to worm-like larvae,Un-Vasa is detected in abdominal bristle of the head region and posterior region of intestine.The location of positive signals in the posterior region of intestine is coincident with that of gonad in the future,and it was deduced that U.unicinctus gonad maybe initializes to form in worm-like larva.Our results provide primary data to generate new insight into the origin and differentiation of germ cells as well as the gonad genesis and differentiation in U.unicinctus.
Regulation of regional differences in the differentiation of cerebral cortical neurons by EGF family-matrix interactions

Both lineage-based and epigenetic regulation have been postulated as mechanisms to control the formation of discrete areas in the cerebral cortex, but specific genes or signaling pathways that may be involved have yet to be defined. In this paper, we examine whether progenitors, isolated from the cerebral wall prior to neurogenesis, can respond to exogenous cues by adopting a region-specific phenotype. The expression of the limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP), a neuron-specific marker of limbic cortical areas, was monitored in cultured neurons arising from precursors harvested from presumptive perirhinal (limbic) and sensorimotor (nonlimbic) zones at embryonic day 12 in the rat. Neuronal phenotype in all cultures was identified by expression of microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2). On a substrate of poly-lysine, over 80% of the precursors from the limbic area that differentiate into neurons express a LAMP+ phenotype. Approximately 20% of the neurons generated from precursors of the sensorimotor region become LAMP+. However, modification of the microenvironment had a significant effect on the differentiation of the sensorimotor precursors. When the nonlimbic precursors are grown on Matrigel, there is a 2-fold increase in the number of MAP2+/LAMP+ double-labeled neurons. Dissection of the Matrigel components reveals that in combination with growth factor-deficient Matrigel or collagen type IV, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha increase LAMP expression in the sensorimotor population. Delaying the addition of growth factor until after most cell division had ceased failed to increase the number of LAMP+ neurons. Another growth factor in Matrigel, platelet-derived growth factor, does not produce the same effect. Our results indicate that local signals can regulate the differentiation of cortical progenitors, providing a potential mechanism for establishing an early commitment to specific regional phenotypes in the developing cerebral wall that relate to future functional domains in the cortex.
College student cyberbullying on social networking sites

The majority of research on cyberbullying has been conducted with middle school and high school students and has not focused on specific technology platforms. The current study investigated college student experiences with cyberbullying on Social Networking Sites (SNS). College students (N?=?196) from a northwestern university shared their conceptualizations of what cyberbullying looked like on SNS. Some college students (19%) reported that they had been bullied on SNS and 46% indicating that they had witnessed cyberbullying on SNS. The majority (61%) of college students who witnessed cyberbullying on SNS did nothing to intervene. College students were also asked about their perceived responsibility when they witnessed cyberbullying on SNS. Two diverging themes emerged that indicated some college students believed their responsibility to intervene was circumstantial, while others believed there is a constant clear level of responsibility for college student cyberbullying bystanders on SNS. Explored college student cyberbullying experiences on Social Networking Sites (SNS).19% of college students reported having been bullied on SNS.46% of college students reported having been bystanders to cyberbullying on SNS.Majority of bystanders did not engage when they witnessed cyberbullying.
Stakeholders' Perspectives on Preclinical Testing for Alzheimer's Disease.

Background and aims Progress towards validating amyloid beta as an early indicator of Alzheimer's disease (AD) heightens the need for evaluation of stakeholders' perspectives of the benefits and harms of preclinical testing in asymptomatic individuals. Methods Investigators conducted and analyzed 14 semi-structured interviews with family members of patients diagnosed with AD. Results Participants reported benefits, including the potential to seek treatment, make lifestyle changes, and prepare for cognitive impairment. Participants identified harms, including social harms, adverse life decisions, and psychological harms. Nine participants reported either a "positive global perspective" or a "positive global perspective (qualified)." Conclusion Results from this study characterized stakeholders' perspectives on the potential benefits and harms of clinical use of preclinical testing for AD. Investigators used data from this study to develop a framework that contributes to ongoing discussions that will evaluate widespread adoption of preclinical testing and will inform future research.
Self-Organization of Population Structure in Biological Systems

Conventional wisdom in the field of population genetics suggests that discrete boundaries between distinctive, geographically adjacent biological populations must reflect the influence of external factors, such as differential selection or a barrier to dispersal [Endler 1977]. Therefore, empirical observations of such boundaries are usually taken as evidence of a previous period of geographical isolation, unless there is an obvious change in environment that coincides with the boundary. A justification for this practice was provided in a seminal paper [Avise 1987], which coined the term “phylogeography” and laid the groundwork for a great deal of recent research (mostly empirical) on the spatial distribution of genetic variation within species. However, the argument provided by [Avise 1987] was, at best, a tenuous one that permitted research in this area to proceed without the burden of a seriously complicating factor. They could see no reason to expect such boundaries to emerge intrinsically and the few empirical examples available at that time seemed to be easily explained as cases of secondary contact after a period of complete geographical isolation [Avise 1987]. Since publication of [Avise 1987], spatial boundaries between gene pools currently exchanging migrants on a regular basis have been identified in many widespread species. Reliance on the argument of [Avise 1987] has led many to infer the earlier existence of a now defunct, complete barrier to gene flow between the gene pools.
AlloDerm® Lip Augmentation Techniques and Problem Avoidance:

Introduction:The aging process results in elongation of the white portion of the upper lip, an overall decrease in the bulk and volume of the red lip, and diminished projection of the cupid's bow. ...
US Farm Subsidies and Obesity

The idea that farm subsidies contribute significantly to obesity and that reducing these subsidies would go a long way toward solving the problem has been popular among the mainstream media and in policy circles. However, economists who have evaluated the issue have consistently found that farm subsidies have had negligible impacts on US obesity patterns. If anything, farm income support policies, including various subsidies and price supports, have made fattening food more expensive and reduced US obesity. New evidence from our updated economic simulation model reinforces that view and the conclusion that reformulation of farm subsidies would be ineffective and even counterproductive as a way of fighting US obesity.
Single Stem Cell Imaging and Analysis Reveals Telomere Length Differences in Diseased Human and Mouse Skeletal Muscles

Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) contribute to muscle regeneration following injury. In many muscle disorders, the repeated cycles of damage and repair lead to stem cell dysfunction. While telomere attrition may contribute to aberrant stem cell functions, methods to accurately measure telomere length in stem cells from skeletal muscles have not been demonstrated. Here, we have optimized and validated such a method, named MuQ-FISH, for analyzing telomere length in MuSCs from either mice or humans. Our analysis showed no differences in telomere length between young and aged MuSCs from uninjured wild-type mice, but MuSCs isolated from young dystrophic mice exhibited significantly shortened telomeres. In corroboration, we demonstrated that telomere attrition is present in human dystrophic MuSCs, which underscores its importance in diseased regenerative failure. The robust technique described herein provides analysis at a single-cell resolution and may be utilized for other cell types, especially rare populations of cells.
Who Was Involved

There were hundreds of organizations and hundreds of thousands of individuals who supported or opposed the Iran nuclear agreement. A number of them are described in this chapter. It begins with a list of the billionaires who used their wealth to fund opposition or support for the agreement. Sheldon Adelson, the casino billionaire spread millions among a number of organizations opposing the deal. AIPAC, considered one of the most powerful lobbies in Washington, spent at least $20 million and perhaps twice that in a losing effort to defeat the agreement. The chapter covers ten different organizations in detail and discusses how globalization, partisan politics, the increasing elusiveness of truth, technology and money were used to advance arguments for and against the agreement.
Transient Thermal Response of Hotspots in Graphene–Silver Nanowire Hybrid Transparent Conducting Electrodes

Graphene-nanowire hybrid films have recently shown excellent performance as transparent conducting electrodes. However, due to their fundamental nonhomogeneity (grain boundaries, nanowire–nanowire junctions), self-heating induces hotspots along the co-percolating electrical conduction pathways. Although the steady-state characteristics of the hotspot temperature and location have been reported, the temporal response of the hotspots has not been studied in detail. In this paper, we use transient thermoreflectance imaging with high temporal resolution to quantify the transient characteristics of the hotspots. At local hotspots as well as nearby intermediate temperature regions, the temperature response in both heating and cooling phases exhibits two distinct time constants. We quantitatively determine the thermal time constants and associated amplitudes and show dependence of these parameters on distance from the contact. Based on solutions to heat diffusion equations, the short-time constant is attributed to the local self-heating within the hotspot region, and the long-time constant to diffusion of heat through the channel region. The knowledge of time evolution of hotspots and hence a more detailed understanding of the electrothermal conduction process through co-percolating networks could enable more reliable, advanced transparent conductors as well as one-dimensional/two-dimensional hybrid materials for other applications.
Designing Metal-Organic Frameworks for Catalytic Applications

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are constructed by linking organic bridging ligands with metal-connecting points to form infinite network structures. Fine tuning the porosities of and functionalities within MOFs through judicious choices of bridging ligands and metal centers has allowed their use as efficient heterogeneous catalysts. This chapter reviews recent developments in designing porous MOFs for a variety of catalytic reactions. Following a brief introduction to MOFs and a comparison between porous MOFs and zeolites, we categorize catalytically active achiral MOFs based on the types of catalytic sites and organic transformations. The unsaturated metal-connecting points in MOFs can act as catalytic sites, so can the functional groups that are built into the framework of a porous MOF. Noble metal nanoparticles can also be entrapped inside porous MOFs for catalytic reactions. Furthermore, the channels of porous MOFs have been used as reaction hosts for photochemical and polymerization reactions. We also summarize the latest results of heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis using homochiral MOFs. Three distinct strategies have been utilized to develop homochiral MOFs for catalyzing enantioselective reactions, namely the synthesis of homochiral MOFs from achiral building blocks by seeding or by statistically manipulating the crystal growth, directing achiral ligands to form homochiral MOFs in chiral environments, and incorporating chiral linker ligands with functionalized groups. The applications of homochiral MOFs in several heterogeneous asymmetric catalytic reactions are also discussed. The ability to synthesize value-added chiral molecules using homochiral MOF catalysts differentiates them from traditional zeolite catalysis, and we believe that in the future many more homochiral MOFs will be designed for catalyzing numerous asymmetric organic transformations.
Identification of Glycoproteins in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid

Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which circulates within the ventricles of the brain and the subarachnoid space of the central nervous system (CNS), is an excellent source for proteomic discovery of biomarkers in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Protein glycosylation is an abundant and biologically significant posttranslational modification. Glycoproteins, commonly associated with membrane and secreted proteins, are highly enriched in body fluids, including CSF. Focusing on glycoproteins also improves the dynamic range of proteomic profiling of the CSF, where low abundance proteins are difficult to identify because of the CSF's enormous complexity. As an ongoing process to define the human CSF proteome, we have recently employed a complementary proteomic approach, with integrated lectin affinity column and hydrazide chemistry, for CSF glycoprotein identification. This investigation has revealed many proteins of low abundance that are related to the CNS structurally and/or functionally. This review centers on the technical details involved in various steps in sample preparation as well as proteomic analysis of CSF glycoproteins.
Choosing to Suffer or to

That people seek pleasure and avoid pain is an idea accepted by most psychologists, researchers, and clinicians, as well as any naive person on the street. Why people and animals would then apparently “choose” to suffer in various situations has been an enigma which has fascinated psychologists, philosophers, theologians, and poets. To be hurt or to hurt another is the choice in the minds of Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Joyce’s Eveline. It is also the choice facing the Bible’s Abraham, Melville’s Ahab, and Dostoevsky’s “Man From Underground,” among many others. What experiences lead to such a limited perception of life’s alternatives? The situations leading to the first of these alternatives—the “choice” to suffer—is the focus of this chapter.
Assessment of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: An Overview

A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is a single nodule that is defined as rounded with smooth margins, well-circumscribed lesion measuring less than 3 cm. It has been reported that SPNs are seen in up to 2 per 1,000 screening chest radiographs in the United States, with an estimated 130,000–150,000 single nodules detected annually. Although the majority of detected SPNs are benign, often the sequel of granulomatous disease, it is of paramount importance to distinguish between benign and malignant causes.
Transient Luminescence, Transport and Photoconductivity in Chalcogenide Glasses

The chalcogenide glasses are perhaps the most thoroughly studied amorphous semiconductor systems. In the past two decades their measured properties have been repeatedly compared with model predictions and served as guides in the search for fundamental concepts and principles necessary for amorphous semiconductors. An example is the synthesis of the Mott-CFO model which is a low carrier density and high carrier mobility picture that involves the concepts of band tail states and mobility edge. On the other hand, Emin proposed that the charged carriers in chalcogenide glasses form small polarons and necessarily implies low carrier mobility because of small band width caused by atomic displacements associated with self-trapping. The small-polaron model can explain, in addition, the Hall effect sign anomaly and the difference in activation between the Peltier heat and conductivity. In spite of the fact that the Mott-CFO model and the small-polaron model are orthogonal to each other, the experimental data prior to 1978 have not been able to discriminate which is the correct model. In this work, transient optical and transport data which have rapidly accumulated since 1979 are considered. These recent data enable us to narrow down the possible states that can exist in chalcogenide glasses. As a result of this analysis, a minimal set of states has been proposed that can explain the totality of optical and transport data. It confirms that transport occurs by small polaron hopping. The proposed minimum set of states is consistent with Anderson’s bipolaronic ground state. The transient transport data, transient optical data, the dynamical dielectric relaxation data, and the volume and enthalpy recovery data of chalcogenide glasses are shown to conform to a universal pattern predicted by a recent unified model of relaxation at low frequencies/long times of condensed matter in general.
Development of a framework to describe patient and family harm from disrespect and promote improvements in quality and safety: a scoping review.

Purpose Patients and families may experience 'non-physical' harm from interactions with the healthcare system, including emotional, psychological, socio-behavioral or financial harm, some of which may be related to experiences of disrespect. We sought to use the current literature to develop a practical, improvement-oriented framework to recognize, describe and help prevent such events. Data sources Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Health Business Elite and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses: Global: Health & Medicine, from their inception through July 2017. Study selection Two authors reviewed titles, abstracts, full texts, references and cited-by lists to identify articles describing approaches to understanding patient/family experiences of disrespect. Data extraction Findings were evaluated using integrative review methodology. Results of data synthesis Three-thousand eight hundred and eighty two abstracts were reviewed. Twenty three articles were identified. Components of experiences of disrespect included: (1) numerous care processes; (2) a wide range of healthcare professional and organizational behaviors; (3) contributing factors, including patient- and professional-related factors, the environment of work and care, leadership, policies, processes and culture; (4) important consequences of disrespect, including behavioral changes and health impacts on patients and families, negative effects on professionals' subsequent interactions, and patient attrition from organizations and (5) factors both intrinsic and extrinsic to patients that can modify the consequences of disrespect. Conclusion A generalizable framework for understanding disrespect experienced by patients/families in healthcare may help organizations better prevent non-physical harms. Future work should prospectively test and refine the framework we described so as to facilitate its integration into organizations' existing operational systems.
Editorial for November 2010 Issue

TO BEGIN this issue, I thank the 528 reviewers who have reviewed papers for the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERINGMANAGEMENT during the past year.We are grateful to these individuals who have generously contributed their expert opinions to improve the quality of the journal. The list of these reviewers appears at the end of this issue. We also invite other individuals interested in reviewing for the transactions to communicate with the Department Editors of relevant interests. More information about the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT, including guidelines for authors, guidelines for reviewers, information about the journal's departments, abstracts of recent papers, and full text of last three years' best papers, is available at http://umsl.edu/~ieee-tem/. We will restructure the editorial review board annually, and new editorial reviewboardmemberswill be selected from those reviewing papers for the journal. I would also like to remind prospective authors that the manuscripts should be submitted electronically at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tem-ieee.
THE ENIGMA OF CARDIAC METASTASIS

Cardiac metastases are rare without local recurrence. Accurate diagnosis and treatment requires multimodality imaging. A 46 y/o male with thyroid cancer, thyroidectomy and Radioactive I-131 (RAI) in 2011, continued to have rising thyroglobulin (TG). In 2013, he received repeat RAI for possible
Generalized inferential models for meta-analyses based on few studies

Meta-analysis based on only a few studies remains a challenging problem, as an accurate estimate of the between-study variance is apparently needed, but hard to attain, within this setting. Here we offer a new approach, based on the generalized inferential model framework, whose success lays in marginalizing out the between-study variance, so that an accurate estimate is not essential. We show theoretically that the proposed solution is at least approximately valid, with numerical results suggesting it is, in fact, nearly exact. We also demonstrate that the proposed solution outperforms existing methods across a wide range of scenarios.
Camels, Temples, and Jewels: Representing Middle Eastern Movement in Canadian English

ABSTRACTThe English-language nomenclature that is used to designate belly dance movement is a vital site for the expression of ideas, fantasies, and fears about the Middle East and North Africa, th...
Understanding Uncertainty in Broad-Scale Mapping of Historical Vegetation in the Great Lakes Region

In the Great Lakes Region, minor differences in soils and location (e.g., proximity to the Great Lakes) can lead to strong differences in vegetation; thus, the utility of broad-scale mapping often depends on capturing subtle landscape features and local processes. Similarly, vegetation patterns are in part a result of disturbances that have changed drastically over time, therefore mapping efforts must take into account vegetation–fire relationships to various biophysical settings (e.g., landtype associations, climate, and soils). Despite this, too little attention has been given to potential sources of mapping error, which include data limitations, ecological similarity, community classifications, locational error, sample quality, and lack of knowledge of systems—specifically natural disturbance regimes. We used ∼23,500 plots with detailed vegetation, soils, and classification information to (1) evaluate LANDFIRE (Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools) historical vegetation (Biophysical Settings or BpS) classifications, (2) refine these classifications based on detailed soil regime and plant associations, and (3) draft fuzzy set soil-classification gradient maps to evaluate uncertainty in mapping and sources of mapping errors. Locally derived reference plot data often did not agree with LANDFIRE BpS mapping even for classifications generalized broadly by Fire Regime Groups. Our fuzzy methodological approach improves decision-making processes by assessing mapping confidence and highlighting potential sources for errors including classifications themselves. Our mapping efforts suggest that soil drainage and productivity data helped to delineate BpS classifications, which may in turn help stratify Existing Vegetation Types into feasible options.
Modeling and analysis of nonlinear spacecraft relative motion via harmonic balance and Lyapunov function

Abstract The harmonic balance method, an approximate method for the study of nonlinear oscillating systems described by ordinary nonlinear differential equations, is applied to the cubic polynomial approximation of the relative motion to develop approximate periodic solutions of the motion. Firstly, the cubic nonlinear terms neglected in the formulation of linear time invariant Clohessy-Wilshire (CW) equations are obtained from the original nonlinear equation of motion. Secondly, using the CW solutions as the generating solutions, harmonic balance technique is applied to the cubic nonlinear terms and correction terms are obtained. The new and improved harmonically linearized model contains CW equations and the correction terms. Using total energy as a Lyapunov function, the stability of the new model is determined. The additional terms in the new harmonically linearized spacecraft relative motion enabled us to obtain excellent approximate periodic solutions of the nonlinear equations as evidenced from the numerical simulation results.
Sample Debiasing in the Themis Open World Database System (Extended Version).

Open world database management systems assume tuples not in the database still exist and are becoming an increasingly important area of research. We present Themis, the first open world database that automatically rebalances arbitrarily biased samples to approximately answer queries as if they were issued over the entire population. We leverage apriori population aggregate information to develop and combine two different approaches for automatic debiasing: sample reweighting and Bayesian network probabilistic modeling. We build a prototype of Themis and demonstrate that Themis achieves higher query accuracy than the default AQP approach, an alternative sample reweighting technique, and a variety of Bayesian network models while maintaining interactive query response times. We also show that \name is robust to differences in the support between the sample and population, a key use case when using social media samples.
Optimal Position of the Suture Button Suspensionplasty (TightRope) for Thumb Basal Joint Arthritis

Background: Surgical treatment of basal joint arthritis commonly consists of trapeziectomy followed by various suspensionplasty techniques to provide stability to the thumb ray. Our study goal was to assess the motion and stability of the thumb ray after trapeziectomy and placement of a suture button (Mini TightRope®, Arthrex, Naples, Florida) in a high- or low-angle trajectory. We hypothesized that a low-angle trajectory would yield the greatest stability while providing maximal motion of the thumb. Methods: Eleven fresh-frozen cadaver arms were imaged fluoroscopically in anterior-posterior and lateral views before and after trapeziectomy, and after placement of low- and high-angle suture buttons. The intermetacarpal angle between the thumb and index metacarpals was measured after application of a standard force. Radial abduction, opposition, subsidence, palmar abduction, adduction, and subsidence were measured. Results: Compared to posttrapeziectomy constructs, low- and high-angle TightRope constructs demonstrated less subsidence, low-angle TightRopes had less palmar abduction, and high-angle TightRope constructs had less radial abduction and adduction. High-angle TightRopes allowed more palmar abduction than low-angle constructs. The high-angle TightRopes trended toward more subsidence than low-angle constructs, although it was not significant. Conclusions: Both TightRope constructs provided improved axial stability after trapeziectomy while not excessively limiting any one motion of the thumb. Compared to the high-angle trajectory, the low-angle TightRope placement provided a more stable construct with respect to subsidence and angular motion. Given the concern for excessive motion of the first metacarpal base with the high-angle construct, we recommend a low-angle trajectory TightRope placement.
Geographic Distribution of Racial Differences in Prostate Cancer Mortality.

Importance While racial disparities in prostate cancer mortality are well documented, it is not well known how these disparities vary geographically within the US. Objective To characterize geographic variation in prostate cancer–specific mortality differences between black and white men. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included data from 17 geographic registries within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2014. Inclusion criteria were men 18 years and older with biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer. Men missing data on key variables (ie, cancer stage, Gleason grade group, prostate-specific antigen level, and survival follow-up data) were excluded. Analysis was performed from September 5 to December 25, 2018. Exposure Patient SEER-designated race (ie, black, white, or other). Main Outcomes and Measures Fine and Gray competing-risks regression analyses were used to evaluate the difference in prostate-cancer specific mortality between black and white men. A stratified analysis by Gleason grade group was performed stratified as grade group 1 and grade groups 2 through 5. Results The final cohort consisted of 229 771 men, including 178 204 white men (77.6%), 35 006 black men (15.2%), and 16 561 men of other or unknown race (7.2%). Mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 64.9 (8.8) years. There were 4773 prostate cancer deaths among white men and 1250 prostate cancer deaths among black men. Compared with white men, black men had a higher risk of mortality overall (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.39 [95% CI, 1.30-1.48]). In the stratified analysis, there were 4 registries in which black men had worse prostate cancer-specific survival in both Gleason grade group 1 (Atlanta, Georgia: AHR, 5.49 [95% CI, 2.03-14.87]; Greater Georgia: AHR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.10-3.22]; Louisiana: AHR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.06-3.07]; New Jersey: AHR, 2.60 [95% CI, 1.53-4.40]) and Gleason grade groups 2 through 5 (Atlanta: AHR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.46-2.45]; Greater Georgia: AHR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.07-1.56]; Louisiana: AHR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.07-1.54]; New Jersey: AHR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.24-1.87]), although the magnitude of survival difference was lower than for Gleason grade group 1 in each of these registries. The greatest race-based survival difference for men with Gleason grade group 1 disease was in the Atlanta registry. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that population-level differences in prostate cancer survival among black and white men were associated with a small set of geographic areas and with low-risk prostate cancer. Targeted interventions in these areas may help to mitigate prostate cancer care disparities at the national level.
Troubleshooting Electronic Resources from an Interlibrary Loan Perspective

As library functions and tasks increasingly take place in a digital environment, areas of overlap arise between traditionally separate units and departments, spurring opportunities to evaluate and ...
Imaging of External Apical Root Resorption

The importance of quality images in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of EARR cannot be understated. The apex is difficult to visualize accurately, and quality images are needed. Digital panoramic radiographs are the most utilized and available throughout the world. Periapical x-rays are still superior to PANs, but with good software and technique, PANs are diagnostically acceptable. LCBCT images are excellent, but the resolution of the images of the root can be problematical, and better software is needed to superimpose pre- and post-treatment 3D images. However, LCBCT will eventually allow the best visualization of the root possible.
The Eternally Wounded Athlete: How Medical Professionals and Sports Injury Researchers Have Limited Female Athletes’ Sport Participation and Biased the Interpretation of Sports Injury Research

Female sports participation has long been diminished compared to male sports participation. This review contextualizes current findings in historical implicit gender bias. The transition from the recognition of the Female Athlete Triad Syndrome to the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Syndrome (RED-S Syndrome) to the newly proposed Male Athlete Triad Syndrome demonstrates the power of implicit gender bias on sports injury research efforts, clinical practices, and policy decisions. Similarly, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have long been portrayed as a young female athlete injury, a perception which has affected the sports medicine world in a way that has resulted in both male and female athletes not fully benefitting from possible research and clinical advances. This review explores the history of female exclusion from sport and considers how modern sport and exercise medicine has, perhaps because of implicit gender biases, inadvertently contributed to that exclusion.
Abstract PO-204: Impact of the Affordable Care Act on timeliness to treatment for patients with multiple myeloma

Background Socioeconomic disparities impact access to treatment and outcomes for patients with cancer. Affordable Care Act (ACA) sought to mitigate some of these disparities In the present study, we examined the influence of socioeconomic factors on patients facing delay in treatment initiation and the impact of Affordable Care Act (ACA). Methods We queried the National Cancer Database (NCDB) for patients with MM (ICD-0-3 code 9732) diagnosed from 2004-2016 who received any therapy. Active MM patients were defined as those treated within 120 days of diagnosis. Time to initiation (TTI) was defined as time in days (d) from diagnosis of cancer to initial myeloma therapy and divided into quartiles. Patients belonging to 4th quartile for TTI constituted the delayed treatment group (delayed-TTI). Study period was divided into pre-ACA and post-ACA using 2010 as cut-off. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used and p-value 0.05 was used for statistical significance. Results We identified 65,723 patients meeting the eligibility criteria (28,814 pre-ACA and 36,909 post-ACA respectively). Median age was 68 (Interquartile Range IQR 59-76) years, included 55.1% males and majority insured patients (96.4%). Racial distribution was 66%(non hispanic whites-NHW), 20%(non hispanic blacks-NHB), 6%(Hispanics-H). Median TTI were 13 (IQR 5-27) days overall and 42 (33-58) days for delayed-TTI group. NHB and H races were associated with delayed-TTI in the multivariate model - Odds Ratio OR 1.18 (IQR 1.09-1.27)p-value Citation Format: Thejus Jayakrishnan, Veli Bakalov, Natalie Callander, Santhosh Sadashiv, Sikander Ailawadhi. Impact of the Affordable Care Act on timeliness to treatment for patients with multiple myeloma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-204.
Renal insufficiency in multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized trials from 2005–2019

Clinical trials may be inconsistent in their enrollment and reporting of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have renal insufficiency (RI). We performed a systematic review of all MM randomized clinical trials (RCT) from 2005-2019 to evaluate reporting of prevalence, eligibility criteria and outcomes of patients with RI and MM. One-hundred and twenty-three RCTs were included. Only 30% of studies clearly reported on the proportion of patients who had RI. Only 68.2% reported eligibility criteria pertaining to RI, with no uniformity in the reported criteria. The relative risk (RR) of disease progression or death in patients with RI was higher than those without, RR of 1.20 (1.003-1.431) for relapsed/refractory and 1.07 (1.001-1.046) for newly diagnosed. There is inconsistent reporting and enrollment of patients with RI on MM RCT's. We advocate for higher enrollment of patients with RI and transparent reporting of their eligibility criteria and outcomes.
Effectiveness of anthropomorphism in ugly food promotion: Do gender and age matter?

Due to the cosmetic standards of food service operators, most consumers have had limited exposure to visually unappealing foods. Thus, unused ugly foods end up becoming food waste. To encourage con...
A Buddhist-Humanist exploration of global citizenship within various spaces and places

In this autoethnographic study, I negotiate my identity as a mixed-caste South Asian woman, drawing on a Buddhist-humanist spiritual approach to examine the development of global citizen identity. ...
Building Family Competence: Primary and Secondary Prevention Strategies

The Importance of Primary and Secondary Prevention A Developmental Theory of Interpersonal Competence The Laboratory Method for Prevention and Crisis Interventions The Importance of Evaluation Structured Enrichment Programs Programmed Materials as Secondary Prevention Tools Training Professional Preventers Marriage Preparation Appendix Where Structured Enrichment Failed A Case Study
Elevated myocardial calcium and its role in sudden cardiac death.

The contribution of intracellular calcium to ventricular fibrillation (VF) was investigated using chronically instrumented dogs with healed myocardial infarctions. A 2-minute coronary occlusion was initiated during the last minute of exercise. Fourteen animals developed ventricular fibrillation (susceptible) whereas the remaining 12 did not (resistant) during this exercise plus ischemia test. The test was then repeated for the susceptible animals after pretreatment with the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM (1.0 mg/kg). BAPTA-AM significantly reduced left ventricular dp/dt max and prevented VF in 8 of 12 susceptible animals. Conversely, myocardial cytosolic calcium levels were increased in resistant animals using the calcium channel agonist Bay K 8644 (30 micrograms/kg) or phenylephrine (10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 3-5 min before occlusion). Bay K 8644 induced VF in all 5 resistant animals tested whereas phenylephrine induced VF in 8 of 12 resistant animals. BAPTA-AM pretreatment attenuated the hemodynamic effects of Bay K 8644 or phenylephrine and prevented VF in five of five Bay K 8644- and four of seven phenylephrine-treated animals. Finally, the endogenous level of calcium/calmodulin (Ca-CaM)-dependent phosphorylation of 170- and 55-kDa substrate proteins was measured (as an index of intracellular free calcium concentration). In the susceptible dog heart, the endogenous level of Ca-CaM-dependent phosphorylation was estimated to be two- to threefold higher than that observed in resistant dog heart. Treatment of resistant dog tissue with the calcium ionophore A23187 increased the level of Ca-CaM-dependent phosphorylation of these two proteins to the level observed in susceptible dog heart. These data suggest that elevated cytosolic calcium facilitates development of malignant arrhythmias and that elevated cytosolic calcium levels may be present in animals particularly susceptible to ventricular fibrillation.
Application of Numerical Simulations to Evaluate Components of Potential Difference in Solution

Computer simulation of the potential distribution in an electrochemical cell is a useful technique for estimating the ohmic drop and the potential gradient at any point in solution. Results of such simulations can be usedin several applications. Since optimal location of a reference electrode depends, in part, on avoiding large potential gradients, calculations can be useful in determining where substantial gradients occur. One can alter the current and potential distribution by changing the cell geometry; the effects of changes can be quantitatively determined from a simulation. Knowledge of ohmic drop in the electrolyte is also of interest in applications such as cathodic protection, where large potential losses can lead to insufficient protection. In this paper we illustrate the use of computer simulation for the computation of potential and current distributions from which we evaluate ohmic drop and surface overpotential. We used the finite-difference technique for several problems in which both field effects and electrode kinetics were important. Approximations introduced to reduce the complexity were assessed by comparing numerical results with analytical solutions. Electrochemical systems of practical interest, the disk electrode and plane electrodes with gas bubbles in the electrolyte, were studied. In one variation, we showed the effect of recessing a disk electrode in the insulating plane. In a second set of calculations, we simulated a gas bubble layer near an electrode and determined the effects of increasing void fraction in the bulk electrolyte.
Using randomized projection techniques to aid in detecting high-dimensional malicious applications

This work is part of an on-going effort in using randomized projection as a feature extraction and reduction method to improve a cosine similarity, information retrieval technique to enhance the detection of known malicious applications and their variations. We follow a standard information retrieval methodology that allows software to be regarded as documents in the corpus. This provides the ability to search the corpus with a query, malicious software, and retrieve/identify potentially malicious software and other instances of the same type of vulnerability. In our experiments, we compare Gaussian-distributed random matrix randomized projection to two alternative methods of randomized projection, sparse matrix randomized projection and Linial-London-Rabinovich random set randomized projection, and assess their performance when applied to features of malicious applications extracted via the information retrieval technique of n-gram analysis. In our results, the Gaussian distributed random matrix approach outperformed the other methods with generally higher values for each observed performance metric, however, each algorithm showed promise in selected scenarios. These results support the hypothesis that applying the technique of random matrix projection as a dimensionality reduction method for the cosine similarity metric has merit in determining if an application may contain a malicious application.
Simultaneous analysis of tissue- and genotype-specific variation in Solidago altissima (Asteraceae) rhizome terpenoids, and the polyacetylene dehydromatricaria ester

Solidago altissima is a dominant perennial of old field succession in North America with the ability to form dense, almost monospecific stands; the plant is also considered an aggressive invasive throughout Europe and Japan. S. altissima’s success is facilitated by large belowground rhizome systems that allow clonal spread and possible allelopathic suppression of competitors. A diversity of polar and nonpolar terpenes and polyacetylenes have been described from S. altissima rhizomes; however, there is little information documenting the concentration or distribution of these allelochemicals and how they relate to plant defense hypotheses. We thus developed a GC–MS method to simultaneously quantify rhizome terpenes and polyacetylenes that spanned a range of polarities and confirmed the presence of 19 terpenoids in addition to the polyacetylene dehydromatricaria ester (DME). We, (1) determined relative concentrations and variability of mono-, sesqui-, neutral diterpenes, diterpene acids and DME within a central NY population; (2) compared accumulation of these compounds in differently developed rhizome tissue; and (3) tested the alleopathic effect of DME at naturally occurring concentrations on germination and seedling growth of Asclepias syriaca, a common competitor of S. altissima. Overall, diterpene acids dominated the phytochemical profile of most genotypes (averaging 0.75% of fresh mass) with kolavenic acid being the single most abundant component. Monoterpene, sesquiterpene and acidic diterpene concentrations were all significantly greater in the actively elongating (current-year) rhizomes compared to established rhizomes and followed optimal defense theory predictions. Conversely, DME levels were lower in the current-year rhizomes than in established rhizomes. DME inhibited seed germination of A. syriaca in a dose-dependent manner. The tissue-specific accumulation of the different compounds may represent a biosynthetic and/or allocational strategy that limits the exposure of young-tissue to high concentrations of DME possibly limiting the cytotoxic effects of DME.
Ultrastructural evaluation of the parathyroid glands of young cats with experimental hyperparathyroidism.

Kittens with an immature skeleton fed exclusively a calcium-deficient beef heart diet for 1 to 14 weeks developed hypocalcemia, parathyroid hyperplasia, and generalized osteitis fibrosa. Initial ultrastructural changes in the stimulated parathyroid glands were observed after 1 week and consisted of increased cytoplasmic volume, aggregation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, and enlargement of the Golgi apparatus associated with increased numbers of prosecretory granules. After 3 weeks, chief cell hyperplasia was first observed and the numbers of mature secretory granules were greatly reduced. The hyperactive chief cells remained degranulated until the termination of the experiment. Stimulated chief cells accumulated glycogen in excess of controls and contiguous chief cells had intricately interdigitated plasma membranes. The parathyroid glands of experimental cats after being fed the low calcium diet for 14 weeks contained primarily hyperactive and vacuolated light chief cells with an occasional transitional water-clear cell.
Use of Rydberg atoms as a nanoscale laboratory to examine dissociative electron capture

Dissociative electron attachment to CF3I is investigated by measuring the angular and velocity distributions of I− ions produced in collisions with velocity-selected K(np) Rydberg atoms. Analysis of the data shows that the lifetime of the excited CF3I−∗ intermediate formed by Rydberg electron capture is short (≲ 2 ps) and that essentially all the excess energy of reaction appears as translational energy of the fragments.
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE LIGHT ACTINIDES

In the last few years, considerable advances have been made in our understanding of the properties of the light actinides. Although these 5f transition elements are formally equivalent to the lanthanide (4f) elements, they show a much more varied behaviour due to the larger spatial extent and ionizability of the 5f electrons. A review is given of some areas of current interest, especially where hyperfine techniques have played an active role. It includes studies of a variety of magnetic phenomena, systematics of isomer shift measurements, and studies of paramagnetic relaxation.