cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Intracavernosal Trazodone Hydrochloride: Animal and Human Studies

Trazodone hydrochloride is an oral antidepressant agent which has been associated with the improvement of erections in impotent men and the development of prolonged erections or priapism in potent men. An in vivo study in animal and human subjects was performed to gain experience with the effect of intracavernosal trazodone. In the anesthetized New Zealand White rabbit, intracavernosal trazodone or its major metabolite m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) produced full penile erection in 76% and 84% of animals studied respectively with doses ranging from one to 15 mg. On the other hand, intracavernosal administration of five mg. papaverine resulted in a prolonged erection in 90% of animals studied. In 13 selected volunteer patients, intracavernosal trazodone caused tumescence but not full penile erection with corporal body pressures of 28.2 +/- 5.8 mm. Hg. Intracavernosal papaverine or papaverine and phentolamine in these subjects resulted in significantly higher corporal body pressures of 58 +/- 18 mm. Hg (p less than .05). Intracavernosal administration of alpha adrenoceptor agonists but not normal saline resulted in complete detumescence of trazodone- or m-CPP-induced prolonged erection in the animal studies. Intracavernosal trazodone results in erectile activity that appears in part based on its local alpha blocking activity but like other intracavernosal alpha-blocking agents is not as effective in initiating penile erections as are intracavernosal agents that directly induce smooth muscle relaxation.
Physiological Effects of Vasopressin on the Kidney

In this chapter discussion will be limited to consideration of three facets of the actions of vasopressin (VP) on the kidney: (1) the several actions by which VP promotes the concentration of urine; (2) the influence of VP on renal hemodynamics; and (3) the effect of VP on the urinary excretion of sodium. The first topic has been chosen because there have been several exciting new developments in this area and the last two topics because they continue to be controversial. Much of this disagreement in the past about the actions of VP may have arisen from the use of impure preparations and unphysiologically high doses of the hormone. This review therefore stresses results obtained with physiological concentrations of synthetic VP or with several of its synthetic agonistic and antagonistic analogues.
Children's health and the environment--the first Herbert L. Needleman Award Lecture.

Children today are exposed extensively to toxins in the environment. Prominent among these are exposures to over 70,000 synthetic chemicals, all newly developed in the past 50 years and largely untested for their hazards to children's health. Children are uniquely vulnerable to toxins, and with increasing incidence they are developing chronic, disabling, life-threatening diseases known or suspected to be of environmental origin–asthma, endocrine disruption, cancer, and the diseases caused by tobacco. Pediatricians need to consider toxic etiologies in the differential diagnosis of childhood illness.
Forearm Exercise Testing

Exercise testing is a useful clinical tool for evaluating patients with possible glycogen storage disease and other disorders of muscle energy metabolism. This chapter discusses the basic principles and procedure of exercise testing, as well as its indications and potential complications. The findings on forearm exercise test in various glycogen storage diseases and metabolic myopathies are also discussed in detail.
A Useful Transformation of Hamiltonians Occurring in Optimal Control Problems in Economic Analyses

Abstract : The introduction of a discounting term into the objective functional can be troublesome in terms of analysis by the standard maximum principle formulation. This is because it renders the Hamiltonian and the adjoint equations depend explicitly on time. In finite horizon problems it makes the switching point analysis difficult. In case of infinite horizon, which is usual in economic problems, it does not admit long-run stationary equilibriums. A technique discussed by Arrow to alleviate these difficulties is applied to various standard control problems occuring in economics and management science. This transforms the Hamiltonian and the corresponding adjoint system into an explicitly time-independepent form and hence autonomous in all but one case. A natural consequence of the transformation is current-value interpretations of the Hamiltonian and the adjoint variables.
The impact of the world food price index on some East-European economies

This paper deals with the dynamic response of exchange rates, inflation and agricultural foreign trade in Bulgaria, Poland and Romania to global food prices. We employ time-varying VARs with stochastic volatility to estimate the behaviour of these macroeconomic variables over the 2001M1–2015M12 period. The original contribution of this paper is that it captures the time variation and nonlinearities of the relationship between variables taking into account food price volatility and its macroeconomic implications. The main findings of the paper are: (i) high global food prices were transmitted to domestic economies causing pressure on inflation in the long run; (ii) in the short run the impact of a positive shock in international food price increases domestic inflation, depreci-ates the currency and reduces the agricultural trade; (iii) the vulnerabilities to global food prices are more pregnant for Romania and Bulgaria; (iv) the difference in the transmission of world prices is related to the different status of the countries as regards food and agricultural trade. The findings of the research would be significant for the governments to promote policies to help farmers respond to the rising of food prices by growing more and responding to export opportunities that may arise.
Modulation of Premetastatic Niche by the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Pazopanib in Localized High‐Risk Prostate Cancer Followed by Radical Prostatectomy: A Phase II Randomized Trial

Lessons learned Pazopanib was not effective in altering the premetastatic niche in the neoadjuvant setting.Pazopanib was safe and well tolerated without any new safety signals. Background Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) expressing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (VEGFR1+ MDSCs) potentially foster metastases by establishing a premetastatic niche. In a preclinical study, VEGFR1+ clustering in lymph nodes (LNs) independently predicted time to biochemical recurrence (TTBR) in localized prostate cancer [1]. The hypothesis was that neoadjuvant pazopanib therapy will decrease VEGFR1+ clusters in pelvic lymph nodes and improve outcomes. Methods This is a phase II trial (NCT01832259) of neoadjuvant pazopanib 800 mg versus placebo daily for 4 weeks in high-risk localized prostate cancer. The primary endpoint was a decrease in VEGFR1+ MDSC clustering assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Secondary endpoints were safety, feasibility, and TTBR. Results Thirty patients were randomized to pazopanib versus placebo, with 15 patients randomized to each arm. Demographic and disease characteristics were similar in both arms. There was no difference in the VEGFR1+ clustering between the treatment arms (p = .345). Neoadjuvant therapy with pazopanib was well tolerated, and surgical complications were similar in both arms. Conclusion Neoadjuvant pazopanib therapy did not alter the premetastatic niche; however, treatment targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the preoperative period was safe and feasible, which may open up the avenue to investigate novel combinatorial regimens, including a VEGF inhibitor in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitor in this setting.
Anterior segment parameters in normal dogs using the Pentacam® HR Scheimpflug system.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare normative anterior segment parameters between canine age groups using the Pentacam® HR Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam). ANIMALS STUDIED: Thirty‐six sedated dogs (60 eyes) of varying ages and breeds were imaged with the Pentacam; only nondiseased anterior segments were included. PROCEDURES: Dogs were divided into three age groups: Group 1 (1‐5 years), Group 2 (6‐10 years), and Group 3 (11‐15 years). Values assessed included central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior and posterior corneal elevation (ACE/PCE), anterior and posterior corneal curvature metrics, corneal volume (CV), anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism (AA/PA), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber angle (ACA). Tukey‐adjusted pairwise comparisons were performed. RESULTS: Overall CCT (mean ± SD) was 631.07 ± 59.91 µm. Central corneal thickness was 608.60 ± 48.63 µm for Group 1, 648.57 ± 51.06 µm for Group 2, and 635.37 ± 73.71 µm for Group 3. Anterior corneal elevation (ACE) measured 9.08 ± 0.58 mm, PCE measured 8.04 ± 0.50 mm, and CV was 58.13 ± 5.39 mm³. Astigmatism values were 1.34 ± 0.94 D for AA and 0.46 ± 0.44 D for PA. Anterior chamber values were 3.76 ± 0.56 mm for ACD, 383.68 ± 66.24 mm³ for ACV, and 23.62 ± 29.33˚ for ACA. Significant differences were found between Groups 1 and 2 for CV (55.08 ± 4.08 mm³ and 60.32 ± 4.19 mm³, respectively), (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Corneal volume significantly increased between Group 1 and Group 2. Central corneal thickness increased from Group 1 to Group 3, but was not significant with the current sample size. There were no other differences between age groups.
Collaborative and Integrated Care for Adolescent Depression

Creative collaborative approaches are required to meet the demands of managing depression in youth. Primary care providers are well positioned to engage depressed youth and their families, yet often lack the training, access to psychiatric providers, and the reimbursement structure to support their efforts. Child and adolescent psychiatrists are encouraged to support pediatricians in establishing more robust systems to provide screening and effective treatment interventions, particularly for youth at higher risk. Several models of collaborative care are described, in addition to their emerging evidence-base, in an effort to disseminate evolving treatment strategies that can drive implementation of effective collaborative approaches.
Rates of Evolution: A Quantitative Synthesis

How fast is evolution, and why does it matter? The rate of evolution, and whether it is gradual or punctuated, is a hotly debated topic among biologists and paleontologists. This book compiles and compares examples of evolution from laboratory, field, and fossil record studies, analyzing them to extract their underlying rates. It concludes that while change is slow when averaged over many generations, on a generation-to-generation time scale, evolution is rapid. Chapters cover the history of evolutionary studies, from Lamarck and Darwin in the nineteenth century to the present day. An overview of the statistics of variation, dynamics of random walks, processes of natural selection and random drift, and effects of scale and time averaging are also provided, along with methods for the analysis of evolutionary time series. Containing case studies and worked examples, this book is ideal for advanced students and researchers in paleontology, biology, and anthropology.
Broadband Photoconductive Terahertz Detection with a 100 dB Dynamic Range without Using a Short-Carrier-Lifetime Substrate

We present a photoconductive terahertz detector, which offers high-responsivity and broadband operation without using a short-carrier-lifetime substrate, for the first time. To achieve this unprecedented performance, we utilize a plasmonic nanocavity to confine the majority of optical pump photons in a thin photoconductive active region to maintain a sub-picosecond transport time for the majority of photocarrier to the device contact electrodes. Therefore, an ultrafast operation is achieved without using a short-carrier-lifetime semiconductor. We demonstrate terahertz detection with dynamic ranges exceeding 100 dB over a 0.1-4.5 THz frequency range.
"We Have a Lot of Power…": A Medical School's Journey Through Its New Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Initiative.

Purpose To describe and analyze qualitatively the impact of implementing the "Stritch Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Initiative" (SDI) at the Stritch School of Medicine (SSOM), Loyola University, Chicago in 2012. The SDI is a three-step process that included: 1) opening the Stritch admissions policy to welcome DACA students to apply, 2) evaluating DACA applicants equitably with all other applicants, and 3) seeking funding to enable these students to matriculate. Method Focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted to explore DACA and non-DACA students' experience of the SDI on their medical school journey and the institutional culture. During the study (in 2017-18), the medical school year (M)1-M3 cohorts included DACA students, while the M4 class did not. A grounded theory method was used to summarize and analyze qualitative data. Results Four major themes and 11 subthemes emerged from the data analysis. "Beliefs and Attitudes" included the subthemes of motivation to become physicians, resilience, and the mission and values of individuals and the institution. Students noted "obstacles" in reaching medical school, along with those they encountered within it. They also noted multiple "opportunities" presented through the SDI and the importance of mentors and allies. Lastly, the "impact" of the SDI on individuals, the institution, and the wider community was discussed by participants. Conclusion Enacting the SDI enabled cohorts of DACA recipients to matriculate at SSOM. Both DACA and non-DACA students in this study identified the importance of including these students as future physicians and articulated the impact of this change on them, their classmates, the institution, and the community as solidarity was formed and students' awareness of their power as future physicians to advocate for underserved populations developed.
Tenosynovitis Due to Mycobacterium avium Complex.

Tenosynovitis Due to Mycobacterium avium Complex A 51-year-old right-handed man presented with swelling in the left wrist. MRI showed rice bodies and culture confirmed invasive mycobacterial tenosy...
Implementation of an LVAD Educator to Improve Quality Outcomes

Purpose Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD) is a growing form of therapy for patients with advanced heart failure. While LVAD patient volumes grow, the need for additional education both for the patients and hospitals has grown. The implementation of dedicated LVAD educators into LVAD programs can be beneficial for program quality indicators as well as patient outcomes. Methods Retrospective chart review at a large academic University, comparing median length of stay, driveline infection rates, unplanned readmission's, and one year survival from between 2017 and 2018 when a dedicated LVAD educator was implemented into the program. Results The implementation of a dedicated LVAD educator occurred January of 2018. Outcome results were evaluated for 2017 prior to the educator and 2018 after implantation of the educator. The volumes for 2017 and 2018 were similar at 47 and 63 respectively. Outcomes evaluated included median length of stay from implant of LVAD to discharge from hospital which decreased from 20.5 days to 18.9 days. Driveline infections rates decreased from 23.81% to 17.71%. Unplanned readmission's decreased from 3.53% to 2.91% and one year survival between the two groups remained comparable at 93.74% and 92.81%. Acuity of the patients was comparable in both groups and programmatic staffing remained unchanged otherwise. Conclusion Incorporating a dedicated LVAD educator into LVAD programs proves to be beneficial by decreasing length of stay, decrease driveline infection rates, decrease unplanned readmission while maintaining overall one year survival.
Profile analysis of persons arrested for drunk driving.

The characteristics of persons arrested for drunk driving during the last three years in Kansas City, Missouri, were analyzed to provide a profile of the drunk driver. It was found that the profile was associated with both the disposition of the arrest and the sentence and referral when the defendant was found guilty. The profile of arrested drivers was compared with the profile of drivers who were judged to be culpable in alcohol-related fatal crashes and the profile of drunk drivers interviewed in roadside surveys. The analyses showed that each was distinct from the other two. The young drinking driver was found to be over-represented in alcohol-related fatal crashes and under-represented in arrests. New or revised programs need to be developed to prevent the involvement of young drinking drivers in fatal crashes.
Speciation of Cu Surfaces During the Electrochemical CO Reduction Reaction.

Cu-catalyzed selective electrocatalytic upgrading of carbon dioxide/monoxide to valuable multicarbon oxygenates and hydrocarbons is an attractive strategy for combating climate change. Despite rece...
How Education Stakeholders Made Sense of the Types of Learning Experiences Children are and Should be Having in Kindergarten and Why

Research Findings: This article investigates how a sample of families, educators, researchers, advocates, and policymakers (n = 93) made sense of how children are and should be taught in kindergart...
Electricity Grid Cyber-Physical Security Risk Assessment Using Simulation of Attack Stages and Physical Impact

Typical security risk assessment of cyber-physical systems measures the relative risk of individual components in the system with data from a domain expert. Such data may not come directly from the cyber-physical systems, but instead may come from the domain expert's knowledge. A challenging task is to assess the risk of a system-level cyber-attack (e.g., on an entire region with many substations), given the potential physical implications. This paper introduces a novel risk assessment tool that combines simulation of cyber-attack models and simulation of the potential physical impact in the power grid. The simulation involves probabilistic models of both the attack planning stage as well as the attack execution stage. The probabilities vary with estimated cyber-physical attacks and defensive postures. The proposed method provides insight into the risk of physical operational disruption caused by propagating cyber-attacks and provides strategies for their mitigation.
Area Under the Curve Achievement of Once Daily Tobramycin in Children with Cystic Fibrosis during Clinical Care

Background The area under the concentration-time curve over 24 hours (AUC24 ) is frequently utilized to monitor tobramycin exposure in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). An understanding of exposure target achievement during clinical implementation of an AUC24 based approach in children is limited. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed in children with CF treated with once daily tobramycin and drug concentration monitoring at a pediatric CF center. During clinical care AUC24 was estimated using a traditional log-linear regression approach (LLR). AUC24 was also estimated retrospectively using a pharmacokinetic model-based Bayesian forecasting approach (BF). AUC24 achievement after both approaches were compared. Results In 77 treatment courses (mean age, 12.7 ± 5.0 years), a target AUC24 100 to 125 mg h/L was achieved after starting dose in 21 (27%) and after initial dose adjustment in 35 (45%). In the first 7 days of treatment, 24 (32%) required ≥3 dose adjustments, and the mean number of drug concentrations measured was 7.1 ± 3.2. Examination of a BF approach demonstrated adequate prediction of measured tobramycin concentrations (median bias -2.1% [95% CI -3.1 to -1.4]; median precision 7.6% [95% CI, 7.1%-8.2%]). AUC24 estimates utilizing the BF approach were higher than the LLR approach with a mean difference of 6.4 mg h/L (95% CI, 4.8 to 8.0 mg h/L). Conclusions Achievement of a narrow AUC24 target is challenging during clinical care, and dose individualization is needed in most children with CF. Implementing a BF approach for estimating AUC24 in children with CF is supported.
A novel CABC1/ADCK3 mutation in Adult-onset cerebellar ataxia (P6.021)

Objective: Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCAs) are disabling, inherited neurodegenerative diseases linked to a multitude of genes. ARCA2 is a recently identified condition caused by mutations in CABC1/ADCK3 possibly leading to Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency. Only 35 patients have been reported worldwide. ARCA2 clinical course is variable, exhibiting slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, seizures, stroke-like episodes, cognitive impairment, exercise intolerance, and cerebellar atrophy. Only 3 cases with adult onset ARCA2 have been reported. Background: We report the case of an 81-year-old female who presented at age 75 for progressive ataxia. The patient, her father, and her two daughters have epilepsy. At 65 years of age noticed action and intention tremor, and chronic motor tics of face and neck. By age 70, she noticed unsteady gait with rare falls. Examination revealed mild symmetric generalized weakness (4/5). She has mild ocular ataxia, and bidirectional horizontal nystagmus. Gait was wide-based, with irregular stepping, multi-step-turning, and was unable to tandem. The BARS (brief ataxia rating scale score) was 15 of 30. She also had upper extremity ataxia, characterized by moderate dysynergia, mild dysdiadochokinesia, abnormal finger-to-nose, finger-tapping, finger-following-finger, sequential finger and heel-knee-shin tests. She had normal reflexes, Babinski was absent, and had decreased vibration sense. Brain MRI showed severe global cerebellar atrophy. Design/Methods: Case report Results: Molecular microarray analysis revealed a 2.9Mb duplication at chromosome region 1q42.11q42.13. ADCK3/CABC1 is included in this region (OMIN#12016), a gene in which mutations are associated with autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia. Molecular cytogenetic (FISH test) studies also revealed the tandem duplication. Conclusions: This is the first report of a duplication mutation on ADCK3/CABC1 in a patient with adult-onset progressive ataxia, chronic motor tics and familial seizures. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether the gain of function or a duplication-induced loss of function play a role in the pathophysiology of this condition. Disclosure: Dr. Malgireddy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thompson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Torres-Russotto has received pesonal compensation for activities with Abbvie, Allergan, the American Parkinson Disease Foundation (APDA), Lundbeck, Teva, Huntington Disease Society of America (HDSA), Parkinson Disease Foundation, Ipsen, and Medtronic as a speaker or consultant.
Screening Social Determinants of Health in a Multidisciplinary Severe Asthma Clinical Program.

Asthma is the most common cause of chronic disease in children and has high healthcare utilization costs. Minority children living in poverty have a higher asthma burden. These health disparities are associated with the social determinants of health (SDH). A severe asthma clinic was implemented at Rady Children's Hospital in San Diego to determine whether a multidisciplinary approach, including an asthma home visit addressing SDH, would lead to decreased healthcare utilization in terms of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. Methods Patients with 2 or more ED visits in the past 6 months or 2 or more hospitalizations in the previous year were recruited to Rady Children's Hospital Severe Asthma Clinic. A multidisciplinary team evaluated each patient systematically. A subset of patients on capitated Medicaid insurance plans also had a comprehensive asthma home visit with community health workers as part of the Community Approach to Severe Asthma (CASA) program. Results A significant reduction in ED visits (75%, P < 0.001) and hospitalization days (73%, P < 0.001) was demonstrated in 74 Severe Asthma Clinic participants with 1 year of pre-/postdata to analyze. In a subset of 12 patients in the CASA program, further reductions in ED visits (90%, P = 0.002) were also demonstrated. Basic needs, including shelter, food, and assistance with utilities, were the most common domain of SDH identified and addressed in CASA participants. Conclusion We demonstrate that a novel pediatric severe asthma clinic with a multidisciplinary approach, including actively addressing SDH, is associated with decreasing health care utilization.
Blood Cultures and Blood Microbiota Analysis as Surrogates for Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Analysis in Dogs With Bacterial Pneumonia

Diagnosis of canine bacterial pneumonia relies on airway lavage to confirm septic, suppurative inflammation, and a positive bacterial culture. Considering risks of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collection, minimally invasive methods like culture or next generation sequencing of blood would be appealing. In dogs with bacterial pneumonia, our study aims included (1): determining proportion of agreement between cultivable bacteria in BALF and blood (2); characterizing BALF, blood, and oropharyngeal (OP) microbiota and determining if bacteria cultured from BALF were present in these communities; and (3) comparing relatedness of microbial community composition at all three sites. Bacterial cultures were performed on BALF and blood. After DNA extraction of BALF, blood and OP, 16S rRNA amplicon libraries were generated, sequenced, and compared to a bacterial gene sequence database. Disregarding one false positive, blood cultures were positive in 2/9 dogs (5 total isolates), all 5 isolates were present in BALF cultures (16 total isolates). Based on sequencing data, all sites had rich and diverse microbial communities. Comparing cultured BALF bacterial genera with sequenced taxa, all dogs had ≥1 cultured isolate present in their microbiota: cultured BALF isolates were found in microbiota of BALF (12/16), blood (7/16), and OP (6/11; only 7 dogs had OP swabs). Of 394 distinct taxa detected in BALF, these were present in 75% OP and 45% blood samples. BALF community composition was significantly different than OP (p = 0.0059) and blood (p = 0.0009). Blood cultures are insensitive but specific for cultured BALF bacteria in canine bacterial pneumonia. Cultivable BALF bacteria were present in BALF, blood and OP microbiota to differing degrees.
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) with granulomatous interstitial lung disease (GLILD) and SARS COVID-19 infection: case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: We present a case of CVID complicated by granulomatous interstitial lung disease (GLILD). This patient clinical course was further complicated by COVID-19 infection. This is only the 2nd known case report of COVID 19 in CVID with GLILD. The clinical course and outcome of COVID 19 infection with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and GLILD is not well known. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient met the clinical features of CVID secondary to low IgG/IgA, recurrent infections, and failure to respond to pneumococcal vaccination. He was treated with monthly maintenance IVIG therapy. Our patient also was diagnosed with co-existing GLILD that despite IVIG treatment was progressing. The patient needed to be started on Rituxan and Mycophenolate mofetil to achieve control but unfortunately became infected with COVID19 delaying his treatment for GLILD. Our patient only suffered from mild COVID 19 infection and was able to make antibodies to this. We believe severe infection was avoided as his CVID was well controlled with IVIG therapy despite progression of his granulomatous interstitial lung disease. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our patient with CVID with co-existing biopsy proven granulomatous interstitial lung disease despite being very high risk for severe COVID 19 infections only had mild infection. This was believed to be due to well controlled CVID with IVIG therapy.
Using Service-Learning in Graduate Curriculum to Address Teenagers' Vulnerability to Web Misinformation

We report on how we implemented service-learning (S-L) in a CS graduate class to improve student understanding of the class materials and provide a service to the community, i.e., addressing teenagers' vulnerability to Web misinformation. We show how S-L benefits CS students in their course theory understanding and personal skills development, while teenagers' news media literacy and misinformation d
Localized Medium-Vessel Vasculitis From a Tick Bite.

ABSTRACT Tick bites are known to induce a variety of inflammatory reaction patterns. Here, we present a novel case of medium-vessel vasculitis as a localized response to a known tick bite. It is important to recognize the histology associated with a tick bite response to prevent misdiagnosis and potential overtreatment of a vasculitic condition.
What Holden Looks Like and Who "Whosis" Is: A Newly Identified Movie Allusion in The Catcher in the Rye

(2007). What Holden Looks Like and Who 'Whosis' Is: A Newly Identified Movie Allusion in The Catcher in the Rye. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 52-57.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Oxidized SiC/SiC Composites

The mechanical properties and microstructure of oxidized CVI-SiC/SiC composites were studied at room temperature. Oxidation heat-treatment, which was carried out between 950 and 1400{degrees}C in flowing dry-oxygen for 50 hours, led to weight loss and degradation in mechanical properties. The largest impact, however, was seen at 950{degrees}C. The SiO{sub 2} phase, which was the primary oxidation product, sealed small surface pores between 950 and 1400{degrees}C. The loss of interfacial carbon by oxidation, the formation of SiO{sub 2} inside the composite, and the degradation of fibers particularly at elevated temperatures were responsible for the brittle fracture, low strength, low toughness and inferior fatigue life seen in these composites.
Priority issues in Latino mental health services research.

This paper identifies issues and trends affecting the quality and comprehensiveness of Latino mental health research and services. These issues include current patterns of need and services use, rapid expansion of the Latino population, extraordinary rates of uninsured, social and language barriers to care, transformation in treatment science and technology, and the sheer complexity and rapid changes in the delivery system. Progress in the field requires coordination and investments from both public and private sectors. Scientific journals should provide assistance for creating a high quality knowledge base and rapidly disseminating this information to students, practitioners, and policy makers. Vigorous activity is needed to (1) augment the supply of people entering the “pipeline” for researcher and practitioner training, and (2) support research in priority areas such as outcome studies for diverse treatments and different sectors of care, cultural competence, treatment models for youth and aging populations, quality of care, and barriers to mental health care.
Stochastic Combinatorial Optimization under Probabilistic Constraints

AbstractIn this paper, we present approximation algorithms for combinatorial optimization problemsunder probabilistic constraints. Speciﬁcally, we focus on stochastic variants of two importantcombinatorial optimization problems: the k-center problem and the set cover problem, with un-certainty characterized by a probability distribution over set of points or elements to be covered.We consider these problems under adaptive and non-adaptive settings, and present eﬃcient ap-proximation algorithms for the case when underlying distribution is a product distribution. Incontrast to the expected cost model prevalent in stochastic optimization literature, our problemdeﬁnitions support restrictions on the probability distributions of the total costs, via incorporat-ing constraints that bound the probability with which the incurred costs may exceed a giventhreshold. 1 Introduction A prevalent model to deal with uncertain data in optimization problems is to minimize expectedcost over an input probability distribution. However, the expected cost model does not adequatelycapture the following two aspects of the problem. Firstly, in many applications, constraint violationscannot be modeled by costs or penalties in any reasonable way (e.g., safety relevant restrictionslike levels of a water reservoir). Thus, if the problem constraints involve an uncertain parameter,one would rather insist on bounding the probability that a decision is infeasible. This leads to
Ion Beam Interactions with ICF Targets

Is the ion beam target interaction suitable for ICF targets? This paper answers this fundamental question affirmatively. However, because existing ion accelerators cannot produce fusion-intensity beams, the question is answered on the basis of theory and experiments with low-intensity beams. Therefore, the answer is tentative, and this paper emphasizes theoretical and experimental uncertainties and their effects on predictions of target performance. Conventional single-particle stopping theory, plasma instabilities, and preheat mechanisms are discussed.
Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice

Multiple surgical procedures have been reported to induce gastroesophageal reflux in animals. Herein, we report three surgical models with mice aiming to induce reflux of gastric contents, duodenal contents or mixed contents. Surgical procedures and general principles have been described in detail. A researcher with surgical experience should be able to grasp the technique after a short period of practice. After surgery, most mice can survive and develop reflux esophagitis similar to that in humans. However, it should be noted that histological differences between mouse and human esophagus are the inherent limitations of these surgical models. If used for research on Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma, these procedures may need to be combined with genetic modifications.
Welfare Effects of Food Safety Recalls

Estimates of the welfare losses associated with food recalls typically assume the announcement causes demand to shift, or the willingness-to-pay (WTP) falls for all quantity levels. Several researchers, however, have observed evidence of a rotation as well, where WTP rises for some consumers and falls for others. Preference heterogeneity theory implies that this observation results from an increase in the dispersion of demand. We test this theory using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announcement data and Nielsen Homescan panel data for the fresh produce category. We find that the rotation effect cannot be disregarded, but is still dominated in welfare calculations by the shift effect of a recall announcement. Les estimations de la perte de bien-etre attribuable aux rappels d'aliments supposent, en regle generale, que l'annonce entraine des changements sur le plan de la demande ou la reduction du consentement a payer peu importe les quantites. Toutefois, plusieurs chercheurs ont observe des comportements selon lesquels le consentement a payer augmente chez certains consommateurs, tandis qu'il diminue chez d'autres. Selon la theorie de l'heterogeneite des preferences, cette observation decoule d'une dispersion accrue de la demande. Nous avons estime cette theorie a l'aide de donnees provenant des Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC – Centres pour le controle et la prevention des maladies) et de donnees provenant du panel de consommateurs Homescan de Nielsen dans les cas des produits frais. Les resultats de notre etude indiquent que l'effet de rotation ne doit pas etre neglige mais que, dans la determination du bien-etre, il est domine par l'effet de revirement que cree l'annonce d'un rappel d'aliments.
The morbidity of abdominal hysterectomy with and without penicillin-streptomycin vaginal suppositories

Abstract 1. The effect of a streptomycin-penicillin vaginal suppository upon the postoperative course of patients subjected to total abdominal hysterectomy was analyzed. 2. The suppository was employed pre- and immediately postoperatively in 48 patients; 64 additional patients received no suppositories and served as controls. 3. No sensitivity, local or systemic, to the suppository was encountered. The suppository was observed to melt and to be absorbed readily. 4. A decrease in morbidity was observed in the treated group. 5. Normal vaginal flora was not significantly altered in 6 patients subjected to repeated vaginal cultures.
Beyond Anisotropy: Examining Non-Darcy Flow in Asymmetric Porous Media

Accepted theory for anisotropic flow in porous media establishes that the properties of a particular flow may depend upon the flow orientation, but generally assumes that flow properties are invariant for a reversal of the flow direction. By simulating simple two-dimensional and three-dimensional flows from the pore-scale, we demonstrate that while this assumption holds true when flow is slow such that the approximations supporting Darcy’s law apply, reversal of the flow direction can have a significant impact on nonlinear corrections to Darcy’s law that become important at higher flow rates. In this study, we consider flow through simple periodic porous media consisting of oriented, asymmetrical grains for Reynolds numbers <150. Analysis of the pore-scale flow structure demonstrates that direction-dependent effects can be linked with asymmetry. We present a nonlinear correction to Darcy’s law that accounts for this extended anisotropy and propose a macroscopic morphological measure to quantify asymmetry of the solid phase.
Accretional capture of the moon

The effectiveness of accretional capture is studied with the aid of a simple model involving a small secondary body in a hyperbolic orbit which approaches a large primary body. When the separation is a minimum, the mass of the primary body increases. An investigation is conducted regarding the conditions under which this change in mass will result in an elliptic orbit with capture.
Improved signal extraction from fluorescence immunoassay image sequences

A recently developed dynamic fluorescence immunoassay for the biomarker Myoglobin promises to provide detection of myocardial infarction within minutes. Signal extraction for this method is based on epifluorescence video microscopy, but is confounded by inhomogeneous spatial gain, intensity inhomogeneity or IIH. We present here a novel adaptive correction method which estimates the IIH from a video image sequence. This estimated IIH may be used to correct the image signal extraction process. The enhancement to detection limits and consistency of estimated concentrations are quantified, based on an improvement to SNR of approximately 9 dB.
Likelihood-ratio tests for positive selection of human and mouse duplicate genes reveal nonconservative and anomalous properties of widely used methods.

Two commonly used methods based on likelihood-ratio tests (LRTs) for detecting positive Darwinian selection at the molecular level were applied to a data set of 604 gene families containing two members in the human genome and two members in the mouse genome. These methods detected positive selection in a very high proportion of families; in over 50% of families, there was significant evidence of positive selection by one or both methods. However, less than a third of families showing evidence for positive selection by at least one of the methods showed evidence of positive selection by both methods. The outcome of these tests was predicted better by sequence length, G + C content at third-codon positions, and the level of synonymous substitution than by the level of nonsynonymous substitution or the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution. These results suggested that LRT-based tests for positive selection may be sensitive to certain factors that make it difficult to reconstruct the true pattern of nucleotide substitution.
Determinants of alcohol consumption in HIV-uninfected injection drug users

We assess the association between time fixed and time varying participant characteristics and subsequent alcohol consumption in 1968 injection drug users (median age 37 years, 28% female, 90% African-American) followed semi-annually from 1988 to 2008. Median alcohol consumption was seven drinks per week at study entry (first and third quartile: 1, 26) with 36% reporting binge drinking. Alcohol consumption and binge drinking decreased over follow-up. Older individuals and women reported consuming fewer drinks per week. Higher typical alcohol consumption was reported by those participants who reported in the prior 6 months: non-injection cocaine use, injection drug use, having one or more sex partners, or among men, a same sex partner. Associations were generally similar for drinks per week and binge drinking. This study demonstrates that in a large urban cohort of persons with a history of injection drug use, risky drug use and sexual risk behavior are associated with subsequent alcohol consumption.
Period-doubling bifurcation in Beeler-Reuter model and its relation to ventricular fibrillation

We have investigated the dynamics of electrical wave propagation in a ring of excitable cardiac tissue modeled by the Beeler-Reuter membrane equations. By adiabatically eliminating the fast ionic channel variables, we reduce this electrophysiological partial differential equation (PDE) model to a single-front free-boundary problem in which the dynamics is solely determined by the `slow' variables. This free-boundary problem is further reduced to a 3D coupled map by using the intensity of wavefront velocity. Stability analysis of this discrete map shows the existence of a period doubling bifurcation at a certain wave period. The critical period, below which there occurs an alternation in action potential duration, depends sensitively on the dynamics of the calcium channel. These results are in good agreement with finding from direct PDE simulations. Our work supports the hypothesis that electrical alternans result in spiral breakup, which might be one possible mechanism for the transition from ventricular tachycardia to fibrillation.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Local cerebral blood flow is increased in rapid-eye-movement sleep in fetal sheep.

Behavioral state-induced changes in fetal cerebral blood flow were continuously monitored with a simple thermal dilution method. Thermojunctions were heated 1.5° * C above reference thermojunctions implanted contralaterally in various cerebral cortical and subcortical structures of four near-term fetal sheep. Temperature difference in rapid-eye-movement sleep was lower than in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (p = 0.014), reflecting convective heat loss from increased blood flow. Temperature difference also varied significantly with the locus of placement in the brain (p = 0.003), reflecting, in part, regional differences in cerebral blood flow. The thermocouple method gives qualitative, continuous information on local cerebral blood flow that could be useful in monitoring the vascular response to changing functional activity during prenatal brain development. (Ann J OBSTET GYNECOI. 1990;162:278-81.)
Coronary artery aneurysms: An unusual case report and a review of the literature

© 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) were first recognized in postmortem studies. More recently they have been recognized in antemortem and angiographic studies and are reported to occur at an incidence of 1-2%. Left main coronary aneurysms (LMCA) are extremely rare with an incidence of 0.1%. Most of the aneurysms discovered in these angiographic studies have been in patients with cardiac symptoms of angina or acute myocardial infarction who subsequently were found to have severe narrowing of the coronary arteries. Angiographic and clinical data of a patient with a large aneurysm of the left main coronary artery and with aneurysmal disease of the thoracic and abdominal aorta are presented along with a review of the literature. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Late effects in survivors of tandem peripheral blood stem cell transplant for high-risk neuroblastoma

Background—Increasing numbers of children with advanced neuroblastoma are achieving cure. We describe the clinical late effects specific to survivors of stage IV neuroblastoma all similarly treated using tandem autologous peripheral blood stem cell rescue with TBI. Method—The medical records of 35 neuroblastoma patients treated at CHOP between 1997 and 2001 were examined. Eighteen of the 35 patients died of progressive disease, and 4 were lost to follow-up. Thirteen patients continue to follow-up in our Multi-disciplinary Cancer Survivorship Clinic where they are evaluated and monitored by a consistent group of subspecialists that evaluate long-term sequelae. Data on treatment exposures including TBI and treatment related sequelae identified by clinician assessment and/or diagnostic testing were collected. Results—Results indicate late effects were present in all 13 subjects, 12 of whom suffered from multiple negative sequelae, including issues with growth hormone deficiency, dental problems, osteochondromas and hearing deficiencies, among others, most at higher rates than reported previously. Conclusions—The findings in this small cohort indicate the need for future prospective studies of this intensive pediatric cancer treatment, and underscore the importance of medical intervention and long-term monitoring of these at-risk subjects to increase overall quality-of-life.
Semiprime and prime crossed products

Abstract Fairly sharp sufficient conditions for the crossed product R ∗ G to be semiprime or prime are obtained. The proofs, which are quite similar in the two cases, are based on a variant of the Δ-method and ultimately depend upon the known results when R is semiprime or prime.
A zinc-air cell employing a packed bed anode

A cell with a particulate zinc electrode and a monofunctional air electrode has been studied on a laboratory scale. The cell has the feature of relying on solutal natural convection, rather than a pump, for electrolyte circulation. Cells of 80 and 400 cm2 (air electrode area) have been discharged at constant or stepped current. In two cases cell discharge was halted and restarted after many hours with little or no impact on cell voltage. Based on the laboratory data a preliminary design of a 32 kWh (115 MJ) battery was completed. The projected specific energy of this cell is 79.2 Wh kg−1 (637 kJ kg−1), while the peak specific power is 111 W kg−1 (20% depth of discharge), meeting of the US Department of Energy targets for a battery for an electric van.