cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Consumers’ Personality Characteristics, Judgment of Salesperson Ethical Treatment, and Nature of Purchase Involvement

Successful marketing efforts and professional sales encounters often depend on consumer involvement in the purchase decision process itself, which in turn may impact firm performance. Despite the importance of consumer involvement, research has yet to fully explain the relationship between consumer personality characteristics and the nature of consumer purchase involvement. This study explores the degree to which consumer perception of salesperson ethical treatment helps explain the relationship between consumer personality characteristics and nature of involvement. Data were collected from a large sample of working adults placed in two scenario-based positive professional sales encounters featuring an important purchase decision. The results indicated that adult consumers’ personality characteristics functioned through judgment of salesperson ethical treatment to affect the nature of purchase involvement. Specifically, consumer judgment of salesperson ethical treatment fully mediated a positive relationship between internal locus of control and cognitive (as opposed to affective) involvement. By comparison, consumer judgment of a salesperson ethical treatment partially mediated the positive relationship between emotional awareness and cognitive (as opposed to affective) involvement. The above findings were similar for informational and relational salesperson customer-orientated scenarios. Key implications for selling professionals and sales organizations are discussed, such as augmenting consumers’ self-assessments to increase their perceptions of salesperson ethics and purchase involvement. The limitations and recommendations for future research are also presented.
Search for direct detection of thorium-229m nuclear VUV photons

We used two methods to attempt to measure the lifetime and energy level of the 229mTh low-lying nuclear state. Both methods used a 233U source to implant 229Th into a VUV transparent substrate. The uranium source had a low concentration of 232U (0.08 ppm) and was chemically purified one week prior to the start of the experiment. In the first method, the time decay method, sensitive to 229mTh lifetimes from 10 minutes to 15 hours, the VUV substrate was irradiated for 4 to 36 hours to ensure a sufficient transfer of 229mTh ions into the substrate. Then the signal from the substrate was observed using a PMT for 15 hours. A bandpass filter was placed between the substrate and PMT to provide a means of measuring the 229mTh photon energy. We used nine filters with center transmissions ranging from 140 nm to 244 nm. In the second method, direct detection, sensitive to lifetimes from zero to 10 minutes, the substrate was observed directly with the PMT and filter during the deposition process. For both methods our results were limited by the strong background fluorescence and phosphorescence due to the alphas and betas intrinsic to the decay of the 233U and its daughters. We did not see unambiguous signs of photons from 229mTh. This may be due to one or more of the following: lifetime of 229mTh too short or too long, branching ratio to produce 229mTh from 233U is too small, energy of 229mTh transition is outside of our observed range of 5.1 to 8.9 eV, and/or most likely, 229mTh ions drop to a +1 or 0 charge state, and thus lose their nuclear excitation through non-radiative processes.
Development of the Behavioral Inflexibility Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Developmental Disabilities

Behavior inflexibility (BI) refers to rigid patterns of behavior that contrast with the need to be adaptable to changing environmental demands. We developed a parent-reported outcome measure of BI for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities with a multi-step iterative process. A pool of 62 candidate items was generated through expert panel feedback, review of existing scales and focus groups. A consensus process was used to generate the final 38 items. Parents of 943 children (age range, 3-18 years; average, 11.4 years; 79% boys) with ASD completed an online survey. One hundred thirty-three parents rated their child twice within 3 weeks (average = 16.5 days). A series of factor analyses suggested that the 38 items measured a single construct. Scores had a weak correlation with level of functioning (-0.12) and did not differ based on sex. Scores had a negligible correlation with age (-0.07), although measurement invariance was not supported. The mean total score for the Behavioral Inflexibility Scale (BIS) was normally distributed. Internal consistency was α = 0.97 and temporal stability was r = 0.92. Correlations with parent ratings on the subscales of the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised varied from 0.48 to 0.89. The correlation with parent ratings on the Social Communication Questionnaire total score was 0.52. Our data show that BI in children with ASD ranges significantly from mild to severe and that the 38-item BIS is valid and reliable. Autism Res 2020, 13: 489-499. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We developed a parent-completed rating scale of behavior inflexibility (BI) for children with developmental disabilities using a multistep process. The Behavioral Inflexibility Scale (BIS) contains 38 questions rated on a 6-point scale. Parents of 943 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) completed an online survey. We examined associations between the BIS and other scales and demographic variables. The BIS is valid and reliable. BI in children with ASD ranges from mild to severe.
Polar semivolatile organic compounds in biomass-burning emissions and their chemical transformations during aging in an oxidation flow reactor

Abstract. Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) emitted from open biomass burning (BB) can contribute to chemical and physical properties of atmospheric aerosols and also may cause adverse health effects. The polar fraction of SVOCs is a prominent part of BB organic aerosols, and thus it is important to characterize the chemical composition and reactivity of this fraction. In this study, globally and regionally important representative fuels (Alaskan peat, Moscow peat, Pskov peat, eucalyptus, Malaysian peat, and Malaysian agricultural peat) were burned under controlled conditions using the combustion chamber facility at the Desert Research Institute (DRI). Gas- and particle-phase biomass-burning emissions were aged in an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) to mimic 5–7 d of atmospheric aging. Fresh and OFR-aged biomass-burning aerosols were collected on Teflon-impregnated glass fiber filters (TIGF) in tandem with XAD resin media for organic carbon speciation. The polar fraction extracted with dichloromethane and acetone was analyzed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for 84 polar organic compounds – including mono- and dicarboxylic acids, methoxylated phenols, aromatic acids, anhydrosugars, resin acids, and sterols. For all these compounds, fuel-based emission factors (EFs) were calculated for fresh and OFR-aged samples. The carbon mass of the quantified polar compounds was found to constitute 5 % to 7 % of the total organic compound mass. A high abundance of methoxyphenols (239 mg kg −1 for Pskov peat; 22.6 % of total GC-MS characterized mass) and resin acids (118 mg kg −1 for Alaskan peat; 14.5 % of total GC-MS characterized mass) was found in peat-burning emissions (smoldering combustion). The concentration of some organic compounds (e.g., tetracosanoic acid) with a molecular weight (MW) above 350 g mol −1 decreased after OFR aging, while abundances of low-MW compounds (e.g., hexanoic acid) increased. This indicated a significant extent of fragmentation reactions in the OFR. Methoxyphenols decreased after OFR aging, while a significant increase (3.7 to 8.6 times) in the abundance of dicarboxylic acids emission factors (EFs), especially maleic acid (10 to 60 times), was observed. EFs for fresh and ratios from fresh-to-aged BB samples reported in this study can be used to perform source apportionment and predict processes occurring during atmospheric transport.
Contextualizing the Perceived Barriers of Adult Learners in an Accelerated Undergraduate Degree Program

Research has consistently suggested that colleges and universities should review academic programs and support services in order to make modifications to meet the needs of adult learners. However, one could argue that colleges and universities cannot be successful in meeting adult learners' needs without understanding the barriers they experience. This study utilized phenomenology to examine the perceived barriers of adult learners in an accelerated undergraduate degree program in the midSouth. Analysis of data collected from adult learners identified three types of barriers: (a). intrapersonal, (b). career and job-related barriers, and (c). academic-related. The results of this study suggested that barriers are never extinct for adult learners and they must work to overcome or
Analyzing Twitter Social Network to Identify Consumer Opinions Regarding Sweatshop and Unethical Labor Practices

Clothing and Textile industries carry a significant contribution to the global economy. However, the negative aspect of the seemingly productive economic activities is also highlighted by sweatshop labor practices. In response, consumers started to put pressure on retailers to increase the standards of working conditions and labor treatment. In recent years, social media has played a significant role in raising such awareness among consumers regarding ethical business practices. The purpose of this study was to analyze Twitter user-generated data on sweatshops to investigate the opinion of users regarding sweatshop labor. An inductive content analysis was conducted to analyze the data collected from the tweeter. The analysis shows a clear indication that the sweatshops were out of the ethical norms of our society. However, it appears that most tweets were highly opinionated against consumers, brands, or a sector without a clear rationale, and very few were relating the issues to their responsibilities.
Observable in the reversible reaction gamma + d yields n + p

Calculations are presented on the effect of the two-body charge and current density effects on the observables in the photodisintegration of a deuteron. The computations are performed in a cartesian coordinate system, initially for gamma rays plane-polarized in the x-direction. Unpolarized photons are treated with an incoherent superposition of transition amplitudes for gamma rays polarized in the x- and y- directions. Account is taken of recoil and interaction energies after an initial state is defined. Consideration is focused on the cross section, polarization, and asymmetry of the reaction at low and medium energy incident gamma rays.
Data Management Issues in Information Systems

The purpose of this study was to identify, classify, and provide a relative measure of importance of database administration and data administration activities. An initial set of 49 activities was identified using the results of an extensive literature survey, an analysis of DA and DBA functions at a multinational company, and an expert panel. A questionnaire was developed and used to classify the activities into data, database, or both and to rank them as to importance. The questionnaire was pilot tested prior to its use. This paper reports the results of an initial study and its extension. This research was a field survey of 24 information systems executives in 16 large corporations who were identified as having a key role and interest in data management issues. Followâ€“up interviews were conducted either by telephone or faceâ€“toâ€“face. Eight database administration and seven data administration activities were determined to be of major importance. Two of the activities appear in both lists suggesting an overlapping area of responsibility due to technical and organizational considerations.
Reproductive performance of early- and late-calving dairy cows artificially inseminated after ovulation synchronization and estrous resynchronization or artificially inseminated after observed estrus

Abstract Within seasonal dairy systems, cows that calve late in the calving season are less likely to become pregnant and maintain a yearly calving interval. Very few studies have examined effective strategies for reproductive management of these late-calving cows. The objectives were to evaluate the reproductive performance of early- and late-calving dairy cows that were either inseminated after observed estrus (control) or enrolled in a timed AI and resynchronization protocol [progesterone (P4) Ovsynch Resynch)]. Early-calving cows calved during the first week of the calving season, whereas late-calving cows calved after 6 wk but were at least 10 d in milk at study commencement. Three dairy herds participated in the study with 391 cows total. Within each calving group, cows were randomly assigned to P4 Ovsynch Resynch or control (no treatment) in a 2 × 2 experimental design. Artificial insemination continued for 6 wk after mating start date (MSD) and was followed by 6 wk of natural service. The interval from MSD to AI was shorter (11.7 vs. 14.7 d) and the 3-wk pregnancy rate (49.5 vs. 21.2%) and the 6-wk pregnancy rate (60.8 vs. 42.4%) were greater in the early-calving compared with the late-calving control cows. By design, synchronized cows received timed AI on MSD and were not included in the statistical analysis of submission rate and interval from MSD to AI. The proportion of cows that received a second AI was not increased by the progesterone-based resynchronization strategy but was greater in early-calving compared with late-calving cows. The 12-wk pregnancy rate was greater (64.5 vs. 45.0%) in the early-calving synchronized cows compared with the late-calving synchronized cows. The interval from MSD to pregnancy was 6 and 12.6 d shorter for synchronized compared with control cows in the early- and late-calving groups, respectively. The results demonstrated reduced reproductive performance of late-calving cows compared with early-calving cows. Nonetheless, a major improvement to reproductive performance was achieved by targeting late-calving cows with a synchronization program, even when cows were only 20 to 50 DIM at first AI. Resynchronization of estrus with a progesterone device only, however, was not sufficient to increase the proportion of nonpregnant cows that received a second AI.
The Galaxy population of cluster RX J0848+4453 at z = 1.27

We present a study of the galaxy population in the IR-selected cluster RX J0848+4453 at z = 1.27, using deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) NICMOS HF160W and WFPC2 IF814W images of the cluster core. We morphologically classify all galaxies to Ks = 20.6 that are covered by the HST imaging and determine photometric redshifts using deep ground-based BRIzJKs photometry. Of 22 likely cluster members with morphological classifications, 11 (50%) are classified as early-type galaxies, nine (41%) as spiral galaxies, and two (9%) as merger/peculiar. At HST resolution, the second brightest cluster galaxy is resolved into a spectacular merger between three red galaxies of similar luminosity, separated from each other by ≈6 h kpc, with an integrated magnitude K = 17.6 (~3L* at z = 1.27). The two most luminous early-type galaxies also show evidence for recent or ongoing interactions. Mergers and interactions between galaxies are possible because RX J0848+4453 is not yet relaxed. The fraction of early-type galaxies in our sample is similar to that in clusters at 0.5 < z < 1 and consistent with a gradual decrease of the number of early-type galaxies in clusters from z = 0 to z ≈ 1.3. We find evidence that the color-magnitude relation of the early-type galaxies is less steep than in the nearby Coma Cluster. This may indicate that the brightest early-type galaxies have young stellar populations at z = 1.27 but is also consistent with predictions of single-age monolithic models with a galactic wind. The scatter in the color-magnitude relation is ≈0.04 in rest-frame U-V, similar to that in clusters at 0 < z < 1. Taken together, these results show that luminous early-type galaxies exist in clusters at z ≈ 1.3 but that their number density may be smaller than in the local universe. Additional observations are needed to determine whether the brightest early-type galaxies harbor young stellar populations.
Intelligent applications of cloud computing in enhancing health care services

Abstract In this work, a thorough evaluation of an approach to extract protocols in a series of time data has been presented based on Biological parameters in medical situations. This methodology is wholly data-enhanced with its prototypical pattern mined during every Biological timeframe dataset. The produced rules, centered on the prototypical design have been illustrated in their connection to the wide range of prototypical data arrangements. With that regard, this paper provides an analysis of an approach to effectively measure the similarity of protocol arrangements which have been introduced to verify the uniqueness of protocol arrangements. This approach is evaluated based on Biological records from the medical category in the Multi-parameter Intelligent Monitoring for Intensive Care (MIMIC) online databases such as respiratory failure, sepsis, or angina. The findings in this analysis indicate that data mining approaches can receive a distinctive framework for every medical situation and represent the produced mining rules in an understandable and contextual format.
Melanoma and the Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract: Maintaining a High Index of Suspicion.

Malignant melanoma is a life-threatening malignant tumor deriving from melanocytes, regarded as the most lethal form of skin cancer. One of the attributing factors to this fact is its propensity to metastasize to all organs of the human body. The strongest risk factors for melanoma include exposure to UV rays, family history of melanoma, and a prior history of melanoma. Malignant melanoma is thought to metastasize first to the local lymph nodes and then to secondary sites, most commonly skin, lung, and to the brain. This case highlights the severity of melanoma and its negative impact on the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with metastatic melanoma to the gastrointestinal tract can present with nonspecific, generalized gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain or constipation. Here we discuss the pathology, symptomatology, management options, and prognosis of metastatic melanoma of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this case is to promote a high index of suspicion of gastrointestinal metastasis in melanoma patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.
Self-grooming promotes social interaction in mice via chemosensory communication

Abstract Self-grooming is a stereotyped behavior displayed by nearly all animals. Among other established functions, self-grooming is implicated in social communication in some animals. However, whether self-grooming specifically influences behaviors of nearby individuals has not been directly tested, partly due to the technical challenge of inducing self-grooming in a reliable and temporally controllable manner. We recently found that optogenetic activation of dopamine D3 receptor expressing neurons in the ventral striatal islands of Calleja robustly induces orofacial grooming in mice. Using this optogenetic manipulation, here we demonstrate that observer mice display social preference for grooming over non-grooming mice regardless of biological sex. Moreover, grooming-induced social attraction depends on volatile chemosensory cues broadcasted from grooming mice. Collectively, our study establishes self-grooming as a means of promoting social interaction among mice via volatile cues, suggesting an additional benefit for animals to allocate a significant amount of time to this behavior.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer appears to be an ever-growing epidemic with an all-time high incidence of approximately 100,000 new cases estimated in the United States during 1977. This disease, which seems to affect males and females equally, has been subjected to numerous surgical therapeutic approaches during the past two decades. Unfortunately, these exhaustive conventional approaches have failed to improve the overall prognosis (Donaldson and Welch, 1974).
A Study of the Perceptions of Selected Small Massachusetts Manufacturers Toward Exporting

The authors investigated the perceptions toward exporting of small, high-technology Massachusetts manufacturers. The hypothesis tested was that exporters do not differ from non-exporters in their perceptions of such factors as risk, profit potential, costs, problems, and personal rewards. Results however, suggested that the two groups do differ in their perceptions toward exporting.
Pushing the Agenda: Presidential Leadership in US Lawmaking, 1953–2004

Today's presidents enter office having campaigned on an ambitious policy agenda, eager to see it enacted, and willing to push so that it is. The central question of presidents' legislative leadership, therefore, is not a question of resolve, it is a question of strategy: by what means can presidents build winning coalitions for their agenda? Pushing the Agenda uncovers the answer. It reveals the predictable nature of presidents' policy making opportunities and the systematic strategies White House officials employ to exploit those opportunities. Drawing on an eclectic array of original evidence - spanning presidents from Dwight Eisenhower to George W. Bush and issues ranging from education to energy, and healthcare to taxes - Matthew N. Beckmann finds modern presidents' influence in Congress is real, often substantial, and - to date - largely underestimated.
Abstract P374: Incidence and Costs of Cardiovascular Events among High Risk Patients with Hyperlipidemia

Background: Advances in cardiovascular (CV) disease management have reduced acute CV event risk; however, the burden of these events remains substantial. We identified a cohort of high risk coronary heart disease risk equivalent patients to examine the incidence of subsequent inpatient CV events and cost of first, subsequent and fatal inpatient CV events. Methods: The Truven Health MarketScan® Commercial Database was used to identify adults with hyperlipidemia or lipid-lowering therapy in the 18 months prior to one of the following new inpatient CV events: myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, unstable angina (UA), revascularization without MI, UA, or stroke (coronary artery bypass graft [CABG] or percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]), or heart failure between 2006 and 2012. Patients were required to have a pre-index diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, carotid artery disease or diabetes (CHD RE). Direct medical costs were reported for each three-month quarter following a CV event, for up to 36 months after the first CV event. Fatal CV events were identified for a subset of patients with Social Security Administration Master Death File (SSAMDF) data to determine presence of death within 90 days of a CV event. Results: A total of 38,609 CHD RE patients met the study criteria (mean age 57 years, 69% male). CABG, MI and PCI were the most frequent and most expensive first CV events, accounting for >75% of all first CV events. Mean quarter 1 (Q1) non-fatal and fatal direct costs were highest for CABG ($77,701 and $125,690), followed by MI ($47,869 and $56,577) and PCI ($38,744 and $64,387). First event stroke, TIA and UA mean Q1 direct costs ranged from a low of $17,454 (non-fatal TIA) to a high of $72,449 (fatal UA). Overall, 15% of those with a first CV event went on to have a second event during the 36 month study period, with an average time to event of 217 days. Of patients with SSAMDF availability, 1.8% of acute CV events were fatal (range 1-4% by event type) and average Q1 costs for fatal events were 1.5 times higher than average costs for non-fatal events (range 1.2-5.5 times). Overall, 2.8% of patients went on to have a third acute CV event, occurring on average 230 days following the second event. Mean quarterly costs in Q2 drop substantially to between 8.2% (CABG) and 33.6% (TIA) of Q1 event costs. Average quarterly costs stabilized at approximately 1.4 times higher than average pre-event costs for Q3 through Q12; costs never returned to pre-event levels. Conclusions: MI was the most common first inpatient CV event in high risk CHD RE patients. Recurrent CV events are common and occur, on average, within 8 months. CV events were costly, regardless of sequence, averaging $47,433 in the first 90 days following an event. During the follow-up period, costs never returned to their pre-event levels. Though uncommon, fatal CV events have substantially higher costs than non-fatal events.
Schizophrenia-Like Phenotype Inherited by the F2 Generation of a Gestational Disruption Model of Schizophrenia

Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to schizophrenia; however, the exact etiology of this disorder is not known. Animal models are utilized to better understand the mechanisms associated with neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia. One of these involves gestational administration of methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) to induce a developmental disruption, which in turn produces a schizophrenia-like phenotype in post-pubertal rats. The mechanisms by which MAM produces this phenotype are not clear; however, we now demonstrate that MAM induces differential DNA methylation, which may be heritable. Here we demonstrate that a subset of both second (F2) and third (F3) filial generations of MAM-treated rats displays a schizophrenia-like phenotype and hypermethylation of the transcription factor, Sp5. Specifically, ventral tegmental area of dopamine neuron activity was examined using electrophysiology as a correlate for the dopamine hyperfunction thought to underlie psychosis in patients. Interestingly, only a subset of F2 and F3 MAM rats exhibited increases in dopamine neuron population activity, indicating that this may be a unique model with a susceptibility to develop a schizophrenia-like phenotype. An increase in dopamine system function in rodent models has been previously associated with decreases in hippocampal GABAergic transmission. In line with these observations, we found a significant correlation between hippocampal parvalbumin expression and dopamine neuron activity in F2 rats. These data therefore provide evidence that offspring born from MAM-treated rats possess a susceptibility to develop aspects of a schizophrenia-like phenotype and may provide a useful tool to investigate gene–environment interactions.
THE THYMUS AND OTHER LYMPHOID TISSUES IN CONGENITAL AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA. I. THYMIC ALYMPHOPLASIA AND LYMPHOCYTIC HYPOPLASIA AND THEIR RELATION TO INFECTION.

Patients with congenital agammaglobulinemia may be separated clinically and pathologically into two groups. One group manifests a persistent lymphopenia and is characterized clinically by an unremitting course marked by pneumonia, moniliasis, and other infections usually beginning in the first three months of life and, thus far, terminating fatally during the patient9s infancy. These patients have thymic alymphoplasia and lymphocytic hypoplasia of their tissues: the thymus is rudimentary, and the other lymphoid structures contain only sparse populations of small lymphocytes. The thymic alymphoplasia and general deficiency in small lymphocytes appear to be inherited characteristics and the evidence suggests that the primary defect is thymic alymphoplasia which results in generalized lymphocytic hypoplasia including lymphopenia. The second group of patients often has a later onset and a more intermittent course of bacterial infections, a variable leukocyte response marked only occasionally by transitory lymphopenia; their lymphoid organs including the thymus contain more nearly normal numbers of lymphocytes. Plasma cells and germinal follicles are absent from the tissues of both groups of patients, but the marked generalized paucity of small lymphocytes in these patients with thymic alymphoplasia results in an increased susceptibility to infection beyond that seen in nonlymphopenic agammaglobu-linemia. Whatever the exact contribution of the small lymphocyte to resistance to infection, it appears to be significant and its loss is not replaced by γ-globulin therapy.
An efficient algorithm for OWL-S based semantic search in UDDI

The increasing availability of web services demands for a discovery mechanism to find services that satisfy our requirement. UDDI provides a web wide registry of web services, but its lack of an explicit capability representation and its syntax based search provided produces results that are coarse in nature. We propose to base the discovery mechanism on OWL-S. OWL-S allows us to semantically describe web services in terms of capabilities offered and to perform logic inference to match the capabilities requested with the capabilities offered. We propose OWL-S/UDDI matchmaker that combines the better of two technologies. We also implemented and analyzed its performance.
Race, war, and remembrance in the Appalachian South

Among the most pervasive of stereotypes imposed upon southern highlanders is that they were white, opposed slavery, and supported the Union before and during the Civil War, but the historical record suggests far different realities. John C. Inscoe has spent much of his scholarly career exploring the social, economic and political significance of slavery and slaveholding in the mountain South and the complex nature of the region's wartime loyalties, and the brutal guerrilla warfare and home front traumas that stemmed from those divisions. The essays here embrace both facts and fictions related to those issues, often conveyed through intimate vignettes that focus on individuals, families, and communities, keeping the human dimension at the forefront of his insights and analysis. Drawing on the memories, memoirs, and other testimony of slaves and free blacks, slaveholders and abolitionists, guerrilla warriors, invading armies, and the highland civilians they encountered, Inscoe considers this multiplicity of perspectives and what is revealed about highlanders' dual and overlapping identities as both a part of, and distinct from, the South as a whole. He devotes attention to how the truths derived from these contemporary voices were exploited, distorted, reshaped, reinforced, or ignored by later generations of novelists, journalists, filmmakers, dramatists, and even historians with differing agendas over the course of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. His cast of characters includes John Henry, Frederick Law Olmsted and John Brown, Andrew Johnson and Zebulon Vance, and those who later interpreted their stories -- John Fox and John Ehle, Thomas Wolfe and Charles Frazier, Emma Bell Miles and Harry Caudill, Carter Woodson and W. J. Cash, Horace Kephart and John C. Campbell, even William Faulkner and Flannery O'Connor. Their work and that of many others have contributed much to either our understanding -- or misunderstanding -- of nineteenth century Appalachia and its place in the American imagination.
Modeling sediment-related enterococci loading, transport, and inactivation at an embayed nonpoint source beach

[1] Enterococci are the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended fecal indicator bacteria for assessing recreational marine water quality. Traditional methods of enterococci analyses are time consuming, resulting in delays in issuing beach closures. Models can potentially circumvent these delays by forecasting times when beaches should be closed. The objective of this study is to develop an innovative coupled microbe-hydrodynamic-morphological model. The unique feature of this model is its capability of simulating the release of microbes attached to coastal beach sands as a result of combined wave and tidal forcing. A nearshore process model (XBeach) was coupled with a microbe transport-decay equation. This equation included source functions that accounted for microbial release from mobilized sand, groundwater flow, entrainment through pore water diffusion, rainfall-runoff loading, and a fate function that accounted for solar inactivation effects. The model successfully simulated observed spatial and temporal patterns of enterococci in the beach water, including the reproduction of diel and tidal fluctuations and the rapid decrease of enterococci levels from the waterline to offshore. Primary processes for enterococci loading to the water column included wave-induced sediment resuspension and tidal washing for the entrainment of enterococci from the pore water in the intertidal zone. Diffusion was the major mechanism to transport enterococci from the intertidal zone to offshore. Sunlight inactivation was a key process to reduce enterococci levels during the day and to produce the diurnal cycles. Rainfall runoff was found to be an intermittent source of enterococci to beach water, whereas groundwater exchange was of secondary importance. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the processes and coefficients related to enterococci loading have quasi-linear characteristics, whereas model results of enterococci levels were sensitive to both diffusion and sunlight inactivation coefficients, showing high nonlinearity and spatial and temporal dependence.
Existence of a hydrogen sulfide:ferric ion oxidoreductase in iron-oxidizing bacteria

The existence of a hydrogen sulfide:ferric ion oxidoreductase, which catalyzes the oxidation of elemental sulfur with ferric ions as an electron acceptor to produce ferrous and sulfite ions, was assayed with washed intact cells and cell extracts of various kinds of iron-oxidizing bacteria, such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans 13598, 13661, 14119, 19859, 21834, 23270, and 33020 from the American Type Culture Collection, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans 2705 and 2391 from the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen, L. ferrooxidans BKM-6-1339 and P3A, and moderately thermophilic iron-oxidizing bacterial strains BC1, TH3, and Alv. It was found that hydrogen sulfide:ferric ion oxidoreductase activity comparable to that of T. ferrooxidans AP19-3 was present in all iron-oxidizing bacteria tested, suggesting a wide distribution of this enzyme in iron-oxidizing bacteria.
Bacteroides fragilis toxin rapidly intoxicates human intestinal epithelial cells (HT29/C1) in vitro

Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis strains associated with childhood diarrhea produce a 20-kDa protein toxin (BFT). Purified BFT causes striking morphologic changes in subconfluent human colonic epithelial cells (HT29/C1). In a 3-h HT29/C1 cell assay, the estimated half-maximal effective concentration of BFT was 12.5 pM, and morphologic effects were detectable as early as 30 min and nearly complete by 1.5 h. Concentrations as low as 0.5 pM could also cause intoxication, but morphologic changes were detectable only when the assay was extended to 18 h. The onset of this intoxication was concentration dependent and rapid, occurring within minutes (<7 min at 0.25 nM, <2 min at 2.5 nM). Notably, the onset of intoxication at 37 degrees C became irreversible to washing within 2 min after exposure to BFT. Morphologic changes were completely inhibited by treatment of HT29/C1 cells with BFT at 4 degrees C but could be demonstrated by subsequent warming to temperatures of 15 degrees C or higher after washing. The time required for the association of BFT with HT29/C1 cells at 4 degrees C was inversely correlated with concentration. Inhibitors of endosomal and Golgi trafficking (NH4Cl and brefeldin A) prevented the intoxication of HT29/C1 cells by Clostridium difficile toxin A and cholera toxin, respectively, but not by BFT. Agents altering microtubule structure did not affect the cellular activity of BFT. These data indicate that a purified toxin from B. fragilis strains associated with diarrhea rapidly and irreversibly intoxicates human intestinal epithelial cells (HT29/C1) in a concentration- and temperature-dependent manner and that the process of intoxication may not involve internalization mechanisms utilizing microtubules or sensitive to pH or brefeldin A.
Defining Empirically Based Practice.

ed to read research articles, make use of research findings, and evaluate their work using research methods.2 Yet, there is little evidence that these activities are occurring in the main stream of clinical practice.3 The rea sons for this are many and include the traditional lack of rapport be tween researchers and practitioners and problems with the methods used in schools of social work to teach re
Energy and India's Foreign Policy

The study explores the role of energy in India’s foreign policy strategy and examines the wide gap between India’s need for a strategic energy policy and the government of India’s inability to put such a policy into practice. As a stark departure from the idealized vision, India’s energy supply chains that have grown increasingly creaky and unreliable. Only halting progress has been made towards reform and, without fundamental reform, it is likely that India’s global energy strategy will continue to be a failure.In particular, the authors examine the relationship between India’s energy policy and its foreign policy by highlighting both themes and vignettes in three different areas of the energy system: oil & natural gas, coal, and electricity. They find that fickle domestic political coalitions dominate energy policymaking in India and that these unstable coalitions, when combined with the weak administrative capacity of the Indian state, leave India’s foreign policy apparatus incapable of making credible commitments in the energy sector.
Alkaline Phosphatases in Brain and Spinal Cord

THERE has been much controversy as to whether alkaline phosphatase is a single enzyme or whether a number of such enzymes are present in tissues. The evidence derived from inhibition and pH studies suggests the existence of a plurality of alkaline phosphatases1–3. The subject has been studied histochemically by Glick and Fischer4, Dempsey5, Friedenwald and Maengwyn-Davies6 and Bourne7. The results of these authors also suggest a multiplicity of alkaline phosphatases. Sandier and Bourne8 separated out a number of substrate specific phosphatases by starch-gel electrophoresis, thus again indicating the plurality of alkaline phosphatase.
Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses: Serious Crimes, Nuisance, or Both?

This study examines the functionality and propagation patterns of computer viruses, worms, and Trojan horses detected during a 12-month period beginning on January 1, 2004. Using data obtained from threat reports prepared by a major vendor of computer security products, the authors find that these unique forms of cybercrime warrant general concern but that their overall threat to corporate, government, and end computer users thus far has been exaggerated. The authors conclude that greater attention must be paid to the role of the computer user in the spread of viruses and other malicious software and to the small handful of chronic offenders who contribute disproportionately to the problem.
A Direct Method for Assimilating Sea Surface Height Data into Ocean Models with Adjustments to the Deep Circulation

Abstract There is as yet no consensus an the best method for inserting surface data into ocean models so that appropriate information is transmitted to the deeper layers in a rapid and efficient manner. First we consider the correlation of sea surface pressure (which is related to sea surface height as measured by altimeters) and the surface and subsurface currents within the framework or a four-layer quasi-geostrophic model. We begin by suggesting that the homogenization of potential vorticity, q, in the unforced layers discussed by Rhines and Young, ensures that the potential vorticity anomalies in the deep ocean are weak. It follows that instantaneous q information from thew deep layers may not need to be accurately known in order to reconstruct the deep eddy currents, i.e., climatological q information may be sufficient. Taking the fields from the model we use the instantaneous surface streamfunction, ψ1, data along with various approximate subsurface q climatologies and attempt to reconstruct the low...
Compression Strength Degradation of Nanocomposites after Lightning Strike

This study investigated five conductive nanocomposites for their compressive strength degradation after subjecting them to a simulated lightning strike. These systems consisted of a ply of nickel-coated carbon woven fabric as lightning strike protection component besides the four plies of standard carbon fibers (AS4) fabric embedded in the epoxy (EPON 862). The other four systems had an additional protection system, which was nickel-nanostrand veil (NiNS), aligned buckypaper, random buckypaper, or mixed buckypaper made up of vapor-grown carbon fibers and single-walled nanotubes. All other buckypapers were made of single-walled nanotubes. Failure and damage mechanisms were also investigated. The ultimate compressive strength reduced by about 75—30% from a simulated lightning strike. This reduction as well as the damage was maximum with NiNS and minimum with random buckypaper. Damage from the lightning strike was related to the electrical conductivity and degradation in the compressive strength of the teste...
Three‐dimensional, prestack, plane wave migration of teleseismic P‐to‐S converted phases: 1. Theory

[1] We present the theoretical foundations for a prestack migration technique to image teleseismic P-to-S converted phases. The method builds on teleseismic P wave deconvolution, pseudostation stacking [Neal and Pavlis, 1999] and on the idea of using a plane wave decomposition for imaging as introduced by Treitel et al. [1982]. Deconvolution operators are constructed by pseudostation stacking of the array aligned to the incident P wave arrival times to produce a space-variable deconvolution operator. The resulting data are then muted to remove the deconvolved direct P wave pulse and pseudostation stacked over a grid of feasible slowness vectors. The pseudostation stack interpolates the wave field onto a regular grid along Earth's surface producing a series (one per slowness vector) of uniformly sampled three-dimensional data cubes (two space variables and time). The plane wave components can be propagated downward using a form of approximate ray tracing with a three-dimensional Earth model. This yields a series of distorted cubes topologically equivalent to the original uniformly sampled data cubes. These data volumes are summed as a weighted stack with the weights derived from an integration formula for inverse scattering based on the generalized Radon transform. This allows an image of the subsurface to be constructed on an event by event basis beneath the array. We apply this technique to data from the Lodore array that was deployed in northwestern Colorado. The results suggest the presence of a major lithospheric-scale discontinuity defined by a south dipping boundary.
Simulation of nonequilibrium thermal effects in power LDMOS transistors

Abstract The present work considers electrothermal simulation of LDMOS devices and associated nonequilibrium effects. Simulations have been performed on three kinds of LDMOS: bulk Si, partial SOI and full SOI. Differences between equilibrium and nonequilibrium modeling approaches are examined. The extent and significance of thermal nonequilibrium is determined from phonon temperature distributions obtained using a common electronic solution and three different heating models (Joule heating, electron/lattice scattering, phonon scattering). The results indicate that, under similar operating conditions, nonequilibrium behavior is more significant in the case of full SOI devices, where the extent of nonequilibrium is estimated to be twice that of the partial SOI device and four times that of the bulk device. Time development of acoustic phonon and lattice temperatures in the electrically active region indicates that nonequilibrium effects are significant for times less than 10 ns.
Accompanying Teaching Notes

Bruns (1993) describes a good case as the vehicle by which a ‘chunk of reality is brought into the class room to be worked over…’ (p. 3). This case fits that description. Based on real-life situati...
Productivity of Faculty in Higher Education Institutions

Denton, Tsai, and Cloud investigate in quiry productivity in teacher education among colleges and universities in the United States. For the purpose of this investigation, productivity was based on contributions to annual meetings of ATE, AACTE, AERA (SIG on Teacher Edu cation), and to leading journals in teacher education over a five-year period: 1980-1984. Data were analyzed in terms of total productivity yielding a list of 50 institutions that have been ac tive in knowledge production and utiliza tion in teacher education.
Recurrent aphthous ulceration with zinc deficiency and cellular immune deficiency

Zinc deficiency (serum zinc level 65 micrograms/dl) and cellular immune deficiency (confirmed by lymphoblastic transformation assay) were found in a 15-year-old boy who had had recurrent aphthous ulceration for 6 years. Despite the previous therapy (orally administered steroid, isoprinosine, interferon, lysozyme, and local treatment), the ulcers recurred monthly. After 3 months of zinc therapy (50 mg zinc sulfate orally three times daily) the aphthae disappeared and did not reappear for 1 year. The lymphoblastic transformation activity and serum zinc levels were also normalized with this treatment.
Social development: a psychobiological perspective.

Social development from a psychobiological perspective is part of evolutionary biology. From a functional standpoint two major interrelated themes can be discerned in the evolution of behavior: Wanting (referring collectively to the vital needs of an organism) and Knowing (referring collectively to the organism’s knowledge or skill for meeting its vital needs). The social development of the immature primate involves the integration of these themes in two distinct but overlapping phases. In the initially most salient phase, the manifestations of wanting and knowing are focused on constructing an effective relationship with the mother (mother-directed). One of the most important achievements during this phase is the formation of an emotional attachment (probably based on a psychoneuroendocrine core) to a specific object in which elements of both wanting and knowing are intimately involved. The second phase becomes increasingly prominent as development proceeds. The salient manifestations of this phase are focused on relations with the world beyond the mother (other-directed), and involve a new integration of the motivational and emotional components of wanting and knowing, characterized by attraction to novelty, exploration, social interaction and acquisition of knowledge and skills in the contexts of foods, predators and other members of the species.
The accuracy of acoustic vertical velocity measurements: instrument biases and the effect of Zooplankton migration

Doppler velocity and backscatter intensity records from an energetic estuarine flow in which backscatter reveal a significant diel migration of zooplankton are used to examine the reliability of the vertical velocity measurements. During periods when zooplankton were not migrating, the measured value is shown to be an accurate representation of the actual vertical velocity. At depths and times of active migration, with large increases in backscatter intensity, it is expected that vertical velocity measurements should be strongly affected by zooplankton motion. This does not appear to be the case, however, as the effect is much smaller than expected at sunset, and non-existent at sunrise.