Outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair in adult coarctation patients

Abstract Background Aortic coarctation (AC) is most commonly identified in pediatric patients; however, adults can present with late sequelae of untreated coarctation or complications of prior open repair. To date, there are limited data about the role of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in this group of patients. The purpose of this analysis was to describe our experience with management of adult coarctation patients using TEVAR. Methods All TEVAR patients treated for primary coarctation or late sequelae of previous open repair (eg, pseudoaneurysm, recurrent coarctation or anastomotic stenosis related to index open coarctation repair) were reviewed. Demographics, comorbidities, procedure-related variables, postoperative outcomes, and reintervention were recorded. Computed tomography centerline assessments of endograft morphology were completed to delineate stent anatomy at the coarctation site. Survival and reintervention were estimated using life-table analysis. Results A total of 21 patients were identified (median age, 46 years [range, 33-71 years]; 67% male [n = 14]). Nine patients (43%) were treated for symptomatic primary (n = 6) or recurrent (n = 3) coarctation. Other indications included degenerative thoracic aneurysm (n = 6), pseudoaneurysm (n = 4), and dissection (n = 2). Technical success was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84%-100%). No 30-day mortality or paraplegia events occurred; however, two patients (10%) experienced postoperative nondisabling stroke. In primary or recurrent coarctation patients with available computed tomography imaging (n = 8 of 9), nominal stent graft diameters were achieved proximal and distal to the coarctation (range, −0.4 to −1.2 mm of desired final stent diameter). Specific to the coarctation site, there was a significant increase in aortic diameter after TEVAR (before stenting, 11.5 [95% CI, 6.8-12.3] mm; after stenting, 15 [95% CI, 13.7-15.7] mm; P = .004). Concurrently, systolic arterial blood pressure at time of discharge was significantly lower (before stenting: 147 mm Hg; 95% CI, 137-157 mm Hg; after stenting: 124 mm Hg; 95% CI, 118-134 mm Hg; P = .02). For all patients, median clinical follow-up time was 8 months (interquartile range, 3-13 months; range, 1-106 months). Three endoleaks were detected, all of which were type II related to left (n = 2) or aberrant (n = 1) subclavian arteries. Four patients (19%) underwent reintervention (median time, 7 months; range, 2-12 months), with three of four being subclavian artery embolization; one was an aortic root replacement for ascending aneurysm with bicuspid aortic valve. One-year freedom from reintervention was 78% ± 9% (95% CI, 42%-92%). The 1- and 3-year survival was 95% ± 5% (95% CI, 71%-99%). One late death was related to complications from pre-existing congenital heart disease. Conclusions Adult AC patients can be treated safely with TEVAR, and the annular constriction of an AC can be successfully dilated by the stent graft. Given these findings, a greater number of patients with longer term follow-up is warranted to further define the role of TEVAR in the management of adult AC patients.