cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increased fruit, vegetable and fiber intake and lower fat intake reported among women previously treated for invasive breast cancer

Abstract Objective To describe the dietary intake patterns of women before and after breast cancer diagnosis. Subjects and setting 3,084 women (age range 27 to 70 years) who had been treated for early-stage breast cancer, who were free of recurrent disease, and who were willing to complete study questionnaires. Design A descriptive analysis of baseline demographic and lifestyle questionnaire data, including reported dietary intake data from women who have had breast cancer participating in a randomized, controlled dietary intervention trial. Outcomes include dietary intakes of high- and low-fat foods, fruits and vegetables, and whole grains. Statistical analysis performed Analyses included frequency of intake of selected food items, χ 2 analysis to determine associations between reported intakes and demographic and personal characteristics, and logistic regression to assess odds of making more healthful changes. Results Women who have had breast cancer reported higher fruit, vegetable, and fiber-rich food intakes (58%, 60%, 38% more, respectively) and lower intakes of high-fat foods, including fast foods, after diagnosis. Those older than age 60 years were more likely to report no change in intake, including red meat (41%), vegetables (51%), and whole grains (62%). Odds ratios (OR) for more healthful diet choices varied by age and time since diagnosis. The longer the time since diagnosis the more likely women selected low-fat (vs high-fat) foods (OR 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-2.09 for 3 to 4 years vs Applications Women who have had breast cancer report more healthful diet habits after diagnosis. Through nutrition education and counseling, dietetics professionals may be able to promote healthful and evidence-based eating habits among women previously treated for breast cancer. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002; 102:801-808 .
Exploring touch as a positive workplace behavior

Whereas most research has focused on the negative aspects of touch in the workplace (i.e. sexual harassment), this study focuses upon the positive use of touch. In an effort to explain individual differences in the use of workplace touch, three sequential studies are used to introduce the concepts of workplace touch self-efficacy and workplace touch initiation anxiety. In Study 1 we develop scales to assess the constructs. Study 2 provides an initial examination of the construct validity of the measures developed in Study 1. Results of Study 3 indicate that supervisor reports of touch self-efficacy and physiological touch anxiety are related to subordinate reports of supervisor touch. Additionally, results show that supervisor use of touch is related to several indicators of supervisor social effectiveness. Finally, sex of the supervisor appears to play a role in workplace touch as female supervisors report less touch anxiety, greater touch self-efficacy and more use of touch than male supervisors.
Voluntary Smiling Changes Regional Brain Activity

We used measures of regional brain electrical activity to show that not all smiles are the same. Only one form of smiling produced the physiological pattern associated with enjoyment. Our finding helps to explain why investigators who treated all smiles as the same found smiles to be ubiquitous, occurring when people are unhappy as well as happy. Also, our finding that voluntarily making two different kinds of smiles generated the same two patterns of regional brain activity as was found when these smiles occur involuntarily suggests that it is possible to generate deliberately some of the physiological change which occurs during spontaneous positive affect.
A persistent daily rhythm in photosynthesis.

The luminescent marine dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra, exhibits a diurnal rhythm in the rate of photosynthesis and photosynthetic capacity measured by incorporation of C14O2, at different times of day. With cultures grown on alternating light and dark periods of 12 hours each, the maximum rate is at the 8th hour of the light period. Cultures transferred from day-night conditions to continuous dim light continue to show the rhythm of photosynthetic capacity (activity measured in bright light) but not of photosynthesis (activity measured in existing dim light). Cultures transferred to continuous bright light, however, do not show any rhythm. Several other properties of the photosynthetic rhythm are similar to those of previously reported rhythms of luminescence and cell division. This similarity suggests that a single mechanism regulates the various rhythms.
Switched Video Feedback for Sensor Deployment and Target Tracking in a Surveillance Network

Network surveillance systems provide extended perception and distributed sensing capability in monitored environments through real time monitoring of the target area and target objects using multiple networked sensors. The development of wireless communication and sensing technology make it possible to deploy networked surveillance systems in various environments. We consider a surveillance network where the sensors are static. The task of tracking targets in a surveillance network is challenging because of the following reasons: (1) the location of the sensors need to be optimally deployed. (2) The view of the sensors need to be optimized so that at a given time the targets are shown with a discernable resolution for feature identification. (3) It is important to devise stable control algorithms for accomplishing the surveillance task. When the target moves, it is important to switch the sensing task between sensors to maintain the visibility of the target with adequate resolution. This paper presents a novel method to deploy static sensors given a target region and a dynamic programming method to optimally switch sensors when the target moves. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach for tracking targets over an area.
Oxidation-reduction properties of trimethylamine dehydrogenase : effect of inhibitor binding

Abstract The redox potentials of trimethylamine dehydrogenase from the bacterium W3A1 have been determined by means of uv-visible spectroelectrochemistry. In the presence of the inhibitor tetramethylammonium chloride a shift of +0.2 V was observed in the midpoint redox potential for conversion of the oxidized 6-S-cysteinyl-FMN to the flavin radical form. The pH-independent value was +0.23 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode. The pH-dependent conversion of this radical to fully reduced flavin was shifted negative by 0.1 V in the presence of the inhibitor to −0.05 V at pH 7.0 and −0.15 V at pH 8.4. Tetramethylammonium chloride also caused moderate negative shifts (0.03–0.05 V) in the midpoint redox potential for the Fe 4 S 4 +2 Fe 4 S 4 +1 couple of trimethylamine dehydrogenase. The midpoint potentials are +0.06 V at pH 7.0 and +0.04 V at pH 8.4. Therefore, in the presence of tetramethylammonium chloride, electron transfer from the flavin radical to the Fe4S4+2 group is energetically unfavorable and trimethylamine dehydrogenase is trapped in the flavin radical state. The redox potential changes provide a thermodynamic basis for inhibition by tetramethylammonium chloride. Spectroelectrochemical titrations of trimethylamine dehydrogenase which had been inactivated by phenylhydrazine revealed heterogeneity in the redox behavior which had not been observed in other laboratories. The reason for this heterogeneity was not determined, but the midpoint redox potential for the Fe 4 S 4 +2 Fe 4 S 4 +1 couple of the main fraction of the inactivated enzyme was the same as that of active trimethylamine dehydrogenase.
Improving Honeynet Data Analysis

The honeywall's hflow and walleye interface first introduced in[1] vastly improved honeynet data analysis by integrating different data sources and thus reducing the time required for analyzing honeynet data. However, there are some open architectural questions. This paper answers some of these questions by introducing a packet processing language that allows a modular architecture. This architecture not only solves the immediate problems but is also applicable to a wide range of problems. We present data regarding the problems of the old architecture and present our solution. We also present some of performance envelopes of both architectures.
Pediatric high grade glioma: a review and update on tumor clinical characteristics and biology.

High grade gliomas (HGG) are one of the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumors encountered in adults, but they only represent approximately 8-12% of all pediatric CNS tumors. Historically, pediatric HGG were thought similar to adult HGG since they appear histologically identical; however, molecular, genetic, and biologic data reveal that they are distinct. Similar to adults, pediatric HGG are very aggressive and malignant lesions with few patients achieving long-term survival despite a variety of therapies. Initial treatment strategies typically consist of a gross total resection (GTR) when feasible followed by focal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Over the last few decades, a wealth of data has emerged from basic science and pre-clinical animal models helping to better define the common biologic, genetic and molecular make-up of these tumors. These data have not only provided a better understanding of tumor biology, but they have also provided new areas of research targeting molecular and genetic pathways with the potential for novel treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes. Here we provide a review of pediatric non-brainstem HGG, including epidemiology, presentation, histology, imaging characteristics, treatments, survival outcomes and an overview of both basic and translational research. An understanding of all relevant pre-clinical tumor models, including their strengths and pitfalls is essential in realizing improved patient outcomes in this population.
Factors Associated with Decadal Variability in Great Plains Summertime Surface Temperatures

AbstractDecadal variability of summertime Great Plains surface temperature is probed from the perspective of the Great Plains low-level jet (GPLLJ). GPLLJ variability modes 2 and 5 are shown to be most influential on the evolution and magnitude of Great Plains surface temperature anomalies over the latter half of the twentieth century, including the development of the summertime warming hole and are further linked to the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), respectively. The connection between GPLLJ variability and Great Plains surface temperature is strongest when the PDO and AMO are oppositely phased, and in the case of the warming hole, a preference for a positive (negative) PDO (AMO).The influence of remote SST variability on the central U.S. warming hole is broadly consistent with previous modeling studies. However, the pivotal role that GPLLJ variability plays in linking the hemispheric-wide SST variability (through the AMO and PDO) to the regional warming h...
Low Diameter Interconnections for Routing in High-Performance Parallel Systems

A new class of low diameter interconnections (LDI) is proposed for high-performance computer systems that are augmented with circuit switching networks. In these systems, the network is configured to match the communication patterns of applications, when these patterns exhibit temporal locality, and to embed a logical topology to route traffic that does not exhibit locality. The new LDI topology is a surprisingly simple directed graph which minimizes the network diameter for a given node degree and number of nodes. It can be easily embedded in circuit switching networks to route random traffic with high bandwidth and low latency
Achromobacter piechaudii bloodstream infection in an immunocompetent host.

Summary Background: Achromobacter piechaudii is a rare cause of clinical disease in humans. Previously, clinical disease has only been documented in immunocompromised patients. We present a case of Achromobacter piechaudii bacteremia in a patient with previous malignancy but no known immunosuppression. Case Report: A 67-year-old man with distant history of colon and prostate cancer presented with low grade fevers and malaise. Blood cultures initially identified Alcaligenes xylosoxidans ss. denitrificans. Based on susceptibility testing, antibiotics were narrowed to levofloxacin. After further evaluation, the isolate was identified as Achromobacter piechaudii, an organism rarely previously seen only in immunocompromised patients. The source was felt to be dental infection after transesophageal echocardiogram and CT abdomen/pelvis were unrevealing. He improved with oral levofloxacin and dental extraction Conclusions: This is the first case report of primary Achromobacter piechaudii bloodstream infection in an immunocompetent host and adds to the growing list of clinical syndromes caused by this organism.
Screening adult survivors of childhood cancer with the distress thermometer: a comparison with the SCL-90-R.

As the number of cancer survivors continues to grow, identification of brief, valid psychological screening measures will be a critical step in providing them with appropriate psychosocial care. The distress thermometer (DT) is a one-item distress screening that is recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) for screening cancer patients, but has not been evaluated for cancer survivors. This study evaluated the validity of the DT compared to the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) in a sample of 119 adult survivors of childhood cancer aged 18–45 (median=23.5). Results indicated that when using the NCCN suggested cut-off score of 5, the DT only identified 20 of the 36 SCL-90-R-positive cases of psychological distress (sensitivity 55.6%; specificity 80.7%). Using an alternative DT cut-off score of 4 identified 23 of the 36 SCL-90-R-positive cases (sensitivity 63.9%; specificity 65.1%). Receiver operating characteristics analysis indicated that the DT had only fair diagnostic utility relative to the SCL-90-R (AUC=0.72). Results do not support the validity of the DT in adult survivors of childhood cancer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allopregnanolone in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis modulates contextual fear in rats.

Trauma- and stress-related disorders are among the most common types of mental illness affecting the U.S. population. For many of these disorders, there is a striking sex difference in lifetime prevalence; for instance, women are twice as likely as men to be affected by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Gonadal steroids and their metabolites have been implicated in sex differences in fear and anxiety. One example, allopregnanolone (ALLO), is a neuroactive metabolite of progesterone that allosterically enhances GABAA receptor activity and has anxiolytic effects. Like other ovarian hormones, it not only occurs at different levels in males and females but also fluctuates over the female reproductive cycle. One brain structure that may be involved in neuroactive steroid regulation of fear and anxiety is the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). To explore this question, we examined the consequences of augmenting or reducing ALLO activity in the BNST on the expression of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats. In Experiment 1, intra-BNST infusions of ALLO in male rats suppressed freezing behavior (a fear response) to the conditioned context, but did not influence freezing to a discrete tone conditioned stimulus (CS). In Experiment 2, intra-BNST infusion of either finasteride, an inhibitor of ALLO synthesis, or 17-phenyl-(3α,5α)-androst-16-en-3-ol, an ALLO antagonist, in female rats enhanced contextual freezing; neither treatment affected freezing to the tone CS. These findings support a role for ALLO in modulating contextual fear via the BNST and suggest that sex differences in fear and anxiety could arise from differential steroid regulation of BNST function. The susceptibility of women to disorders such as PTSD may be linked to cyclic declines in neuroactive steroid activity within fear circuitry.
Singular energy trends in California

Abstract California's energy-use patterns differ significantly from U.S. patterns. The reasons relate to the state's indigenous oil industry and the importance of the transportation end-use sector that in 1983 consumed 40% of the primary energy supplied to the state. We compare in detail energy use in California for 1973 and 1983; we also compare U.S. and California patterns for 1983 alone. Whereas energy usage decreased slightly over the decade, it did so concurrently with a 20.5% increase in population. Total consumption in most end-use sectors remained near 1973 levels, suggesting that conservation was important. An exception is seen in transportation use: an increased number of vehicles on the road was not totally offset by better vehicle mileage. In contrast to the nation as a whole, coal is used only for coking in California; nuclear energy comprises a smaller portion of the energy slate in California than in other states; and renewables, especially geothermal, play a small role (2%). Currently, power imported from adjoining states—either as purchases or from out-of-state coal-fired plants partially owned by California utilities makes up 36% of total power transmitted to customers. Next in importance is hydroelectric power, followed by natural gas. In the U.S. the latter sources comprise only 12–14% each of total supply, whereas coal makes up 54%. Although geothermal energy promises to increase substantially in the state, and other options, such as wind power, cogeneration, and solar energy, will also contribute to a limited extent, California's energy situation will undoubtedly be dominated by liquid fuels in the foreseeable future.
Homelessness as a Property Problem

This essay introduces the idea of "no property" and develops this concept in the context of homelessness. Homelessness has to this point in time largely been treated as a problem of poverty. Having formulated the issue in this way, legal and social analysts have asked a limited, almost formulaic set of questions concerning the depth, scope, and the cause of the problem (e.g., is homelessness a product of individual weakness or of structural forces beyond any individual's control?) These questions, it turns out, are both extremely difficult to answer and, more disturbingly, not terribly helpful. Even the strongest case that homelessness is "caused" by institutional forces and not personal failure seems unlikely to lead either local or national government to commit the resources necessary to "solve" the underlying problem if that problem is, say, a failure of the housing market to produce affordable rental units or a failure of the job market to produce entry level jobs that pay decently. This essay argues that homelessness can be understood another way, as a problem not of poverty but of property - or, more accurately, a problem of "no property." "No property" is, I suggest, a distinct and insufficiently understood legal category. Just as property is not one right or attribute but many - a complex "bundle of sticks," to use some old terminology - "no property" is also a complicated accretion of legal relations (or the lack thereof). As non-owners in a world of owners, the homeless have a multitude of duties to respect the rights of others, and liabilities to the powers of others, without themselves having property that would give rise to duties and liabilities on the part of others toward them. The homeless are thus seriously vulnerable to the effects of owners' actions (and inactions). It is with these iterative no rights, disabilities, and vulnerabilities that effective public policy must deal. In a world of "no property," to take just one example, an anti-camping ordinance will be flat out ineffective to stop public sleeping if homeless people have no rights to be in private spaces. Effective interventions, either to regulate unwanted behaviors or to improve the conditions under which the homeless live, must take account of the legal disabilities affecting the options open to those who are homeless. For this reason, this essay argues, we should try harder to understand "no property" as a legal category.
NIH Funding: What Does the Future Look Like?

Strategies to support and fund the National Institutes of Health (NIH) need to be aimed not only at mitigating the long-term effects of the current budget woes, as Elias Zerhouni eloquently articulated in his Policy Forum “NIH in the post-doubling era: realities and strategies” (17 Nov. 2006, p
Simplified propeller analysis and design including effects of stall

A simplified method to analyse propellers based on vortex theory is presented. Small-angle approximations are implemented to eliminate the need for iteration in the determination of the induced angle-of-attack. A stall model is developed and combined with analytic relations describing the blade aerofoil characteristics, eliminating the need for look-up tables of aerofoil behaviour. The method is also extended to serve as an optimal propeller design tool. Comparisons of the approach with experiment are presented for validation as an analysis tool. Use of the theory as a design tool is also demonstrated through contrast with an existing blade design methodology.
Factors for Customer Information Satisfaction: User Approved and Empirically Evaluated

ABSTRACTOverall customer satisfaction with websites has been linked with many positive customer behaviors and attitudes. In the highly competitive e-markets, website designers are consistently searching for new ways to gain an edge. Customer information satisfaction (CIS) studies have demonstrated the positive impact that information content has on customer’s overall satisfaction. Additionally, content preparation (CP) studies have focused on developing models and content factor structures to illustrate customer information needs. Reviewing the literature, there is a lack of research in these areas that focus on U.S. Internet users and online customers. In addition, guidelines and tools are needed to support designers. Thus, the objectives of this study are to (1) empirically evaluate a theoretical CP model; (2) derive a content factor structure; and (3) interpret results as design guidelines for online CIS. Over 300 U.S. internet users and online customers completed a survey. From an exploratory factor a...
Diversity of T-Cell Receptor Structures Specific for Minimal Peptide/Ia Determinants: Implications for Immune Response Gene Defects

The recent success in cloning the genes encoding the T-cell antigen receptor has led to rapid progress in understanding several aspects of the structure and expression of the receptor (reviewed in 1). The genomic organization, primary sequence and the rearrangement mechanisms have all suggested that the T-cell receptor is very similar to the well known antibody molecule. Also, combinatorial association between multiple gene segments encoding each of the two subunits (α and β) can lead to generation of a diversity of receptor structures comparable to that of the immunoglobulin molecule. It is therefore intriguing that with this enormous diversity potential in the available repertoire, there would be instances where T-cell responses specific for certain antigens would be absent.
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

This chapter addresses the substance of the United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, especially as it relates to non-monetary values and ecosystem and hydrologic services. First, we address the emerging global trend toward attending to community environmental values. Next, we attend to community values and ecosystem and hydrologic services. Finally, we recount the conclusions and progress following the MA. Overall, the conclusions of the report highlight the relationship between the desire to include community values and the ability to do so.
Chapter 5 – Blind Them with Science—The Research Training Plan

The Research Training Plan is the section where the scientific project that will be undertaken during the training period is described. Unlike the R-series grants, that focus entirely on the quality of the science and the overall experimental design of the project, the Research Training Plan focuses more on how the quality of the science, the significance of the project, and logic of the experimental design contribute to the overall training potential. This chapter provides a description of the different components of the Research Training Plan, including Significance, Rationale, Preliminary Data, Experimental Design, Expected Results, and Potential Problems and Alternatives. It describes the purpose of each section and provides an organizational structure with key phrases to help focus the writing.
Race, Religion, and Immigration Policy Attitudes

Using the pooled 2004 and 2008 National Politics Study, the present study indicates that while blacks are more likely than whites and Hispanics to hear political sermons, hearing such sermons more consistently associates with support for less restrictive immigration policies among whites than among both blacks and Hispanics. This may suggests that attending congregations where politics are heard provides whites with unique opportunities to think about their government’s obligation to immigrants. Alternatively, Hispanics may, by virtue of experiencing a direct or indirect immigration experience, be more supportive of liberal immigration policies regardless of the sermon they hear. Finally, we argue that the marginalized economic position of blacks may help explain why exposure to political sermons is largely unrelated to black immigration policy attitudes.
Awareness of Arizona's immigration law SB1070 predicts classroom behavioural problems among Latino youths during early adolescence

Bridging diverse areas of inquiry (i.e. legal studies and developmental psychology), this study explored the longitudinal association between Latina/o youths’ burgeoning legal consciousness, measur...
Assessing Readiness for Change Among School Professionals and Its Relationship with Adoption and Reported Implementation of Mental Health Initiatives

Readiness for change, defined as “the cognitive precursor to the behaviors of either resistance to, or support for, a change effort” (Armenakis et al. in Hum Relat, 1993, p. 682), can serve as a facilitator or barrier to dissemination of evidence-based services. There is limited research on the role of readiness for change in educational contexts and its relationship to the success of school mental health (SMH) initiatives. The goal of this study was to examine readiness in three communities (i.e., teachers, SMH staff, and principals) from the perspective of three key informant groups and assess the association between readiness scores and use of SMH initiatives. Participants were recruited from 11 elementary schools and included administrators (n = 13), teachers (n = 194), and SMH staff (n = 47). Participants completed a modified Change Orientation Scale (COS; Kearney and Smith in: Hoy and DiPaola (eds) Studies in school improvement, Information Age, Greenwich, 2009), and answered questions about participation in recent SMH initiatives. Differences were detected between informant’s perceptions of readiness, between community readiness levels, and across schools (when communities were aggregated). Building administrators rated readiness the highest and the teacher community was consistently rated as the least ready. Positive correlations between teacher readiness and teachers’ reported use of a positive behavior support strategy (rs range from .19 to .62) were found. The variability in COS scores across schools, suggests that this brief measure may be sensitive to small, but meaningful differences between schools. Findings provide initial evidence for the utility of the COS in assessing readiness in schools and its relation to implementation of SMH initiatives.
Healthy Living Behaviors Among Chinese-American Preschool-Aged Children: Results of a Parent Survey.

Associations between diet, physical activity, parenting, and acculturation among Chinese-American children are understudied. Parents/caregivers of children attending child-care programs in Boston Chinatown completed a self-administered survey on demographics, child’s diet, physical activities, anthropometrics, and parenting practices. Associations were evaluated in multivariable regression analysis, stratified by survey language preference, a proxy for acculturation. Responding Asian families = 132; 86.4% were immigrants; 75.8% completed the Chinese-version survey. Children (mean ± SD: 4.9 ± 1.1 years) did not eat vegetables (31.8%), or play actively outside (45.4%) daily, 64.8% watched television/screens daily; 32.6% were overweight/obese (based on parent report). Parenting practices associated with obesity were apparent. Although healthy-living behavioral outcomes were less prevalent among less acculturated parents; multivariable adjustment attenuated the observed significant differences. Findings suggest opportunities for improvement in study children’s diet and healthy-living behaviors, and underscore the need for further research on acculturation, and parenting styles in this population.
Return-to-Play in 2017 and the Role of Shared Decision-Making in Patients with Inherited and Acquired Channelopathies and Cardiomyopathies

Shared decision-making is based upon a physician-patient encounter in which there is adequate education using aids if needed, a mutual discussion of how to assist the patient in weighing risks and benefits, and a supportive environment that allows the patient to deliberate on the clinical decision and make their own choice. This decision-making paradigm centers on the principles of autonomy and self-determination. Physical activity is a critical part of healthy lifestyle choices that helps lower risk of cardiovascular disease or the progression of it. Exercise is also a significant contributor to quality of life in many patients in additional to the health benefits. In patients with inherited or acquired cardiovascular disease, exercise may increase risk of electrical and hemodynamic instability. There is a paucity of data to guide physicians and committees that create guidelines regarding athletic and fitness participation in these patients, particularly when the patient wants to participate in those activities that are considered moderate-severe in intensity. As a consequence, the principles of shared decision-making are critical for physicians to use to help patients with cardiovascular disease make the best decision regarding fitness participation that will minimize their risk of new disease or progression of their disease and enhance their quality of life.
Patient navigation to improve diabetes outpatient care at a safety-net hospital: a retrospective cohort study

Recent emphasis on value based care and population management, such as Accountable Care Organizations in the United States, promote patient navigation to improve the quality of care and reduce costs. Evidence supporting the efficacy of patient navigation for chronic disease care is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a patient navigation program on medical and administrative outcomes among patients with diabetes in an urban, safety-net hospital clinic setting. A retrospective cohort study with pre- and post-intervention periods was conducted. Eligible patients were those with A1C ≥ 8.5% and at least one appointment no-show in the previous 12 months. The intervention and reference groups were balanced on observed characteristics and baseline outcome levels using propensity score matching. The effect of patient navigation was isolated using the difference-in-differences approach. Primary outcomes were A1C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, random urine microalbumin, the number of scheduled appointments, clinic visits, emergency visits, and inpatient stays, and the percentage of arrivals, cancellations, and no-shows to scheduled appointments. Of 797 eligible patients, 328 entered the navigation program. Matching reduced the sample size to 392 individuals (196 in each group). Patient navigation resulted in improved A1C (−1.1 percentage points; p < .001), more scheduled appointments (+ 5.3 per year; p < .001), more clinic visits (+6.4 per year; p < .001), more arrivals to scheduled appointments (+7.4 percentage points; p = .009) and fewer no-shows (−9.8 percentage points; p < .001). Navigation was associated with improved glycemic control and better clinic engagement among patients with diabetes. Further research is important to identify what features of navigation in diabetes care are critical to achieving success and to understand navigators’ role in other settings.
Factors Correlating With Microsurgical Performance: A Clinical and Experimental Study

Background Microsurgery is one the most complex surgical skills to master. The factors correlating with microsurgical performance, however, are poorly understood. Understanding these factors will aid in the training and assessment of microsurgeons. Methods A total of 29 microsurgery fellows enrolled in a dedicated 1-year microsurgery fellowship were included in the study. For the clinical evaluations, microsurgical anastomosis performance was evaluated during multiple procedures in the operating room at the start, midpoint, and end of the fellowship by all departmental faculty using a validated microsurgical assessment tool. For the laboratory evaluations, blinded video recordings of each fellow performing an arterial femoral anastomosis in a live rat model at the start and end of the fellowship were evaluated using 3 validated microsurgical global ratings scale tools. Correlations between performance and the factors assessed by the tools were evaluated. Results In the clinical study there were a total of 474 anastomosis evaluations; clinical performance correlated best with speed, instrument handling, and motion. In the laboratory study 58 evaluations were conducted, and performance tracked most closely with instrument handling, flow of operation, and operative steps, as well as correlating significantly inversely with time taken. The most common errors committed were unequal stitch bites, wrong grasp/damage tissue, and loose knot. Conclusions Speed, both subjective and objective, instrument handling, operative flow, and motion, were relevant to performance of a microsurgical anastomosis. A prospective trial is now necessary to determine whether these factors should be considered in definitions of competency in microsurgery training pathways.
Applications: Emergency Responder Health Monitoring and Surveillance: Successful Application

Abstract Emergency response and recovery workers are critical to preserving the public's health and safety in disaster settings. In spite of their essential roles, the health outcomes of exposed emergency responders may be overlooked during postdisaster monitoring and surveillance activities. However, innovative systems have been developed to ensure the accountability, tracking, and surveillance of emergency responders. In this chapter we will demonstrate how the Emergency Responder Health Monitoring and Surveillance system has been successfully applied to protect emergency responders during all phases of a response, including predeployment, deployment, and postdeployment phases.
Nucleosome-Dependent Pathways That Control Mitotic Progression

The majority of eukaryotic chromosomal DNA exists in the form of nucleosomes, where ∼147 bp DNA wraps around histone hetero-octamers, composed of histone H3, H4, H2A, and H2B. Despite their obvious importance in DNA compaction and accessibility, studying their specific roles, such as regulation of mitotic progression, in a physiological environment is associated with critical caveats because of their major contributions in transcriptional control. Through establishing a method to deplete endogenous histones H3 and H4 from frog egg extracts and complementing their functions using recombinant nucleosome arrays, we are now able to analyze their roles in mitotic progression without affecting overall transcriptomic profiles. Here we summarize advancements learned from this system, illustrating that microtubule and nuclear envelope assembly can be regulated by two major nucleosome-bound protein complexes, RCC1-Ran and the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) containing the mitotic protein kinase Aurora B. We also discuss roles of the CPC on the proteomic composition of mitotic chromatin. The CPC promotes dissociation of a variety of nucleosome remodelers and DNA repair pathway proteins, suggesting its role in suppressing DNA processing activities on mitotic chromosomes. We speculate that this suppression particularly on chromosomes under microtubule tension may be important to preserve genome integrity.
Building Envelope Specification

The most basic definition of a building is a man-made structure that isolates the interior from the outdoor environment. The portions of the building that separate the building’s interior from the outdoor environment (e.g. walls, roofs, floors) are often referred to as the building envelope. The envelope protects the interior from rain, snow, wind, and excessive heat or cold; helping to make the interior a safe, comfortable, and productive environment for its occupants. Often, a building’s interior is conditioned with Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) to maximize occupant comfort. There are many important considerations when designing a building envelope. The envelope must be sufficiently strong to support itself. It must effectively keep water or other unwanted environmental materials from damaging the building or its contents. It must be secure enough to keep unwanted pests (or people) out of it. It must be visually appealing. These aspects are all very important and there are numerous texts devoted to each of them. As this book is devoted to building energy modeling our focus will be on the transfer of energy through the building envelope.
Afro-Puerto Rican Primas: Identity, Pedagogy, and Solidarity

Authors highlight their shared lived experiences, examining how their identities as scholars who identify as Afro-Puerto Rican primas (cousins) intersect and mingle within institutional spaces. Authors begin by reflecting on their upbringing, highlighting the contradictions inherent in their familial dynamics, and how they choose to deliberately focus on the power of matriarchy. Furthermore, the authors explore their conscious and deliberate decision to honor and embrace their connections to Blackness given their positionality within the African diaspora. The chapter also provides narratives that demonstrate their pedagogical work given their philosophical beliefs in critical, justice-centered education. The authors aim for students and faculty to better understand collective histories and how those histories impact current realities, pedagogical practices and collaborative, justice-based praxis.
Plant Community Development in an Abandoned Limestone Quarry; A Demographic Assessment

Abstract Colonization of plants in an abandoned limestone quarry near Syracuse, New York has proceeded slowly since the site was mined 50 years ago. To understand plant community development in the quarry, populations of four dominant monocarpic species ( Erucastrum gallicum, Melilotus alba, Picris hieracioides and Echium vulgare ) were intensively monitored from 1976 to 1981 on two sites that differed in density and substrate character: the sparse and dense sites. Measurements of substrate properties on each site and rainfall were also made and related to population performance. Densities of all species fluctuated during each year due to episodes of seedling recruitment followed by heavy mortality that appeared to primarily result from desiccation. Densities also varied between years, apparently due to variability in rainfall. Densities of P. hieracioides declined during the study whereas those of E. vulgare increased. No overall trend was observed in the other species. Annual fluctuations in density were consistently less pronounced on the dense site, apparently due to ameliorating influences of both vegetation and substrate. Community development in the quarry appears to be temporally erratic, depending upon variability in rainfall and its influence on the individual species.
Economic Burden and Current Managed Care Challenges Associated With Hepatitis C

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with significant morbidity, mor- tality, and economic burden. However, HCV infection is challenging to treat, because it is underdiagnosed and undertreated. When patients receive standard therapies, sustained virological response is usually achieved in less than 50% of cases. Newer therapies improve the virological and liver- related outcomes associated with HCV, but at an increased cost of treatment. Because the economic burden of HCV extends beyond treatment costs, clinicians, patients, and managed care professionals must under- stand the cost-effectiveness of HCV treat- ment. Improvements in adherence and the delivery of effective care can promote cost- effective management due to reductions in long-term disease-related complications, such as hospitalization, liver transplantation, and death.
Solution to the Low-Frequency Breakdown Problem in Computational Electromagnetics

In this chapter, the low frequency breakdown problem in Computational Electromagnetics is studied. The root cause of this problem is analyzed and is shown to be attributable to finite machine precision. A solution is presented, which is applicable to both partial-differential-equation- and integral-equation-based methods. In this solution, the original full-wave system of equations is rigorously solved at an arbitrary frequency including zero frequency. It does not make use of low-frequency quasi-static approximations, and is equally rigorous at electrodynamic frequencies. A fast method is also introduced to speed up the low-frequency computation in a reduced system of O(1). Moreover, this chapter demonstrates, both theoretically and numerically, that although the problem is termed low-frequency breakdown, the solution at breakdown frequencies can be a full-wave solution for which static and quasi-static assumptions are invalid. This is especially true in multi-scale problems that span many orders of magnitude difference in geometrical scales. The methods presented in this chapter bypass the barrier posed by finite machine precision, and provide a rigorous solution to Maxwell’s equations as a continuous function of frequency from electrodynamic frequencies all the way down to DC. It can also shed light on other unsolved research problems, the root cause of which is finite machine precision.
Gestalt, Harry Potter's Spells and a Bathtub for Jennifer Lopez

"It's time for the United States to consider establishing higher standards for math teachers if the nation is going to break its "vicious cycle" of mediocrity..."(1) "Michigan State University is committed to giving students the education they need to prepare them to be citizens in our highly technological and scientific world." (2) These two samples reveal the direction of the Zeitgeist in the current educational science environment. The main goal of this article is to show the urgent need of better understanding of core science ideas and practices.
Make Your Movie: What You Need to Know About the Business and Politics of Filmmaking

This book is for anyone interested in the business of breaking into the movies. Learn who the key players are when it comes to getting a movie made and how to navigate the politics of filmmaking from start to finish, from first pitch to filling movie seats.
Online Learning Perspectives of Native American Students.

With Native American college matriculation on the rise and with online learning increasing in popularity, a need exists to bridge the two and to develop online learning practices that are culturall...
ACC Subduction by Mesoscales

AbstractThe mesoscale contribution to subduction in the Southern Ocean was studied by Sallee and Rintoul in 2011 (SR11) using the following mesoscale model. The adiabatic (A) regime was modeled wit...
Iterative Decision-making for Evaluation of Adaptations (IDEA): A decision tree for balancing adaptation, fidelity, and intervention impact.

Background Evidence-based practices (EBPs) are frequently adapted to maximize outcomes while maintaining fidelity to core EBP elements. Many step-by-step frameworks for adapting EBPs have been developed, but these models may not account for common complexities in the adaptation process. In this paper, we introduce the Iterative Decision-making for Evaluation of Adaptations (IDEA), a tool to guide adaptations that addresses these issues. Framework design and use Adapting EBPs requires attending to key contingencies incorporated into the IDEA, including: the need for adaptations; fidelity to core EBP elements; the timeframe in which to make adaptations; the potential to collect pilot data; key clinical and implementation outcomes; and stakeholder viewpoints. We use two examples to illustrate application of the IDEA. Conclusions The IDEA is a practical tool to guide EBP adaptation that incorporates important decision points and the dynamism of ongoing adaptation. Its use may help implementation scientists, clinicians, and administrators maximize EBP impact.
Sympathetic Nervous System Contributions to Hypertension: Updates and Therapeutic Relevance

Abstract The sympathetic nervous system plays a pivotal role in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure through the ability of the central nervous system to integrate neurohumoral signals and differentially regulate sympathetic neural input to specific end organs. Part 1 of this review will discuss neural mechanisms of salt-sensitive hypertension, obesity-induced hypertension, and the ability of prior experiences to sensitize autonomic networks. Part 2 of this review focuses on new therapeutic advances to treat resistant hypertension including renal denervation and carotid baroactivation. Both advances lower arterial blood pressure by reducing sympathetic outflow. We discuss potential mechanisms and areas of future investigation to target the sympathetic nervous system.