cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Depositional History of Neogene Phosphorites Along Pacific Coast of North America: ABSTRACT

Pelletal and nodular phosphorites occur commonly to abundantly in neritic (shelf) and bathyal (slope) deposits of uppermost Oligocene (25 Ma) to upper Miocene (10 to 7 Ma) age from 23°N on the peninsula of Baja California, Mexico, to 39°N near Point Arena, northern California, encompassing a belt of deposition about 1,430 mi (2,300 km) in length. In addition, pelletal phosphorite sands are commonly present within adjacent middle and lower bathyal deposits of similar age range representing redeposited material in conduits, feeding basins, and submarine fans. In some areas, pelletal phosphorites reach 200 ft (60 m) in thickness. Mining of Miocene phosphorites is now well under way in Baja California. The age of peak formation and accumulation of Pacific Coast phos horites appears to become younger from south to north implying variations in patterns of upwelling and/or eustatic, climatic, and tectonic control of shelf character and flux of terrigenous clastics to the margin. Later reworking of the Miocene deposits has allowed reconcentration of the phosphorites in adjacent Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene neritic units. Paleontologic, isotopic, and sedimentologic evidence indicate that the widespread Neogene phosphorites formed under a special set of climatic, oceanographic, eustatic, and tectonic conditions associated or coincident with a major climatic threshold occurring in mid-Miocene (15 Ma) time and commencement of a glacial climatic state. Three key factors were apparently responsible for allowing the unusually prolific formation of Miocene phosphorites as well as simultaneous widespread deposition of diatomaceous sediments in this region including (1) vigorous upwelling of nutrient-rich water and accelerated productivity as a function of deteriorating Neogene climate, (2) associated development of intense oxygen minima impinging against the various slope and shelf areas creating appropriate b ogeochemical conditions for phosphorite precipitation, and (3) the absence or severe reduction in delivery of terrigenous clastics to sites of phosphorite precipitation as a function of Neogene eustatic, climatic, and tectonic events. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1691------------
Atomic Force Microscope Image Contrast Mechanisms on Supported Lipid Bilayers

This work presents a methodology to measure and quantitatively interpret force curves on supported lipid bilayers in water. We then use this method to correlate topographic imaging contrast in atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of phase-separated Langmuir-Blodgett bilayers with imaging load. Force curves collected on pure monolayers of both distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) and monogalactosylethanolamine (MGDG) and dioleoylethanolamine (DOPE) deposited at similar surface pressures onto a monolayer of DSPE show an abrupt breakthrough event at a repeatable, material-dependent force. The breakthrough force for DSPE and MGDG is sizable, whereas the breakthrough force for DOPE is too small to measure accurately. Contact-mode AFM images on 1:1 mixed monolayers of DSPE/DOPE and MGDG/DOPE have a high topographic contrast at loads between the breakthrough force of each phase, and a low topographic contrast at loads above the breakthrough force of both phases. Frictional contrast is inverted and magnified at loads above the breakthrough force of both phases. These results emphasize the important role that surface forces and mechanics can play in imaging multicomponent biomembranes with AFM.
May there be an ultimate goal to the cosmic evolution

The 20th century has been an era of miracles, such as going from the first flight of the Wright brothers in 1903, to Sputnik I in 1957 and to walking on the moon in 1969. We can now follow with considerable detail the 15 billion year evolution of the Universe and the 3.5 billion year evolution of life on Earth. The initiation of life was made possible by some basic properties of matter. The availability, e.g., of only 1 neutron for every 7 protons, at the Big Bang prevented the conversion of all hydrogen into helium. Also the decay of Be-8 in only 2 x 10-16 sec prevented the buildup of large quantities of heavy elements, which would have led to massive planets inhospitable to life. Actually the instability of Be-8 is surprising, since all other elements that are made of alpha particles, from C-12 to Ca-40, are highly stable. Life is based primarily on H,O,C,N that are the four most common chemically-active elements in the Universe, which suggests that life may be quite common. The predisposition of the Universe for life and intelligence is called the Anthropic Principle (1). formation of organic compounds by natural energy sources (solar energy, etc.) made possible the origin of life in the oceans of the Earth. Through natural selection, life developed photosynthesis, which slowly changed the atmosphere of the Earth into one with free oxygen, a characteristic sign of the presence of life. This led also to an ozone layer that allowed life to conquer also the land about 400 million years ago (m.y.a.) The land b ecame dominated by the reptiles, but about 150 m.y.a. the first mammals appeared, that not only were warm b looded, and hence more capable to deal with temperature changes, but also through long gestation they were able to develop much larger brains for their weight and hence higher intelligence. Finally in a mass extinction 6 7 m.y.a., the reptiles vanished and the mammals populated the whole Earth. In the last 3 million years we have t he emergence of our ancestors that had a higher intelligence than the apes, showing that as matter led n aturally to life, life led also to intelligence and technology.
Clostridium difficile colitis that fails conventional metronidazole therapy: response to nitazoxanide

Methods: In the present study, we identified 35 patients who failed treatment with metronidazole for C. difficile colitis; failure was defined as either no improvement in symptoms or signs of disease (28 patients) after � 14 days of treatment with metronidazole or prompt recurrence on at least two occasions after initially responding to such treatment (seven patients). These patients were ill with numerous co-morbidities. Nitazoxanide, 500 mg twice daily, was given for 10 days; results from all patients are included. Results: Twenty-six (74%) of 35 patients responded to nitazoxanide, of whom seven later had recurrent disease, yielding a cure rate of 19 of 35 (54%) from initial therapy. Three who initially failed and one who had recurrent disease were re-treated with, and responded to, nitazoxanide. Thus, the aggregate cure with nitazoxanide in this difficult-to-treat population was 23 of 35 (66%). Conclusions: Nitazoxanide appears to provide effective therapy for patients with C. difficile colitis who fail treatment with metronidazole.
Principles of the metabolism of nitroxides and their implications for spin trapping.

A review of the principal interactions of nitroxides with cells suggests that if these same phenomena occur with spin adducts the result could be considerable experimental confusion and error. In particular, these could lead to differential rates of loss of spin adducts, thereby potentially invalidating conclusions on the amounts or even the types of free radicals that are trapped. In addition. shuttling of electrons between nitroxides and hydroxylamines also very significantly could alter the amounts and types of spin adducts that are observed.
A Ultra Wideband Radial Combiner for ${\rm X/K}u$ -Band Using CNC and DMLS Processes

This letter presents the development of a ${\rm X/K}u$ -band (8–18 GHz) radial waveguide combiner for solid state power amplifiers. The proposed radial combiner utilizes a novel waveguide to coaxial transition which allows for ultra-wideband performance. Simulation results show a 1 dB insertion loss bandwidth of 9.5 GHz for this proposed combiner. Finally, both computer numerical control (CNC) machining and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) stereo-lithographical processes are investigated as potential fabrication methods.
Multi-fluxon steps in long Josephson junctions and their application to oscillators

Studies of long NbN Josephson junctions of the overlap type in the presence of an external magnetic field show constant voltage steps of the Fiske type, and large voltage steps. The latter are attributed to multifluxon resonances within the cavity of the junction. The multifluxon steps correspond to bunches of fluxons introduced in the junction because the junction electrode thicknesses are comparable to the penetration depth. These steps are very sharp, and they have large current amplitudes. When biased at such constant voltage steps, the device can be a resonant mode oscillator. The power and frequency are determined by the mode of fluxon motion inside the junction.
Learning approaches to the Witsenhausen counterexample from a view of potential games

Since Witsenhausen put forward his remarkable counterexample in 1968, there have been many attempts to develop efficient methods for solving this non-convex functional optimization problem. However there are few methods designed from game theoretic perspectives. In this paper, after discretizing the Witsenhausen counterexample and re-writing the formulation in analytical expressions, we use fading memory JSFP with inertia, one learning approach in games, to search for better controllers from a view of potential games. We achieve a better solution than the previously known best one. Moreover, we show that the learning approaches are simple and automated and they are easy to extend for solving general functional optimization problems.
Accurate measurement of total attenuation coefficient of thin tissue with optical coherence tomography

Noninvasive accurate measurements of tissue optical properties are needed for many diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) recently proposed for high-resolution imaging in tissue can potentially be applied for accurate, noninvasive, and high-resolution measurement of tissue total attenuation coefficient. However, confocal function (dependence of OCT sensitivity on the distance of probed site from the focal plane of the objective lens) and multiple scattering substantially limit the accuracy of the measurement with the OCT technique. We studied the influence of the confocal function and multiple scattering on the accuracy of the measurement and proposed methods that provide measurement of the total attenuation coefficient with a significantly reduced systematic error. Experiments were performed in tissue phantoms and porcine and human skin in vitro and in vivo. Our data indicate that the tissue total attenuation coefficient can noninvasively be measured in vivo with the accuracy of 5%-10% in the range from 0.5 to 17 mm/sup -1/ and about 20% in the range up to 40 mm/sup -1/. These results suggest that the proper correction of the OCT-based measurement for the confocal function and multiple scattering provides absolute values of tissue total attenuation coefficient with high accuracy and resolution that may not be achievable by other optical techniques in vivo.
Pathology of tuberculosis.

Most tuberculous infection results from the inhalation of airborne tubercle bacilli, usually in droplet nuclei disseminated by an individual with active pulmonary lesions. The nuclei must be small enough (3-5 CL) to penetrate beyond the ciliated epithelium of bronchi and bronchioles to alveolar ducts or alveoli. Rarely in the United States, but more commonly elsewhere, infection results from ingestion of milk or other material from tuberculous cattle and begins in the intestinal mucosa and mesenteric nodes. Still more rarely, cutaneous infection occurs, especially on the hands of butchers and pathologists. Infection during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation has been reported in recent years. There have been a few reports of infection by the genital route.
Utility of Long-term Surveillance Endomyocardial Biopsy: A Multi-institutional Analysis

Background The utility of long-term endomyocardial biopsy surveillance in heart transplant recipients has been questioned. This study was undertaken to identify risk factors for late rejection and to examine the impact of different biopsy surveillance protocols on outcomes using the registry of the Cardiac Transplant Research Database. Methods The study group consisted of all adult patients who underwent heart transplantation at the 33 centers participating in this investigation between January 1, 1993 and January 1, 2002, survived past the second post-transplant year, and were followed-up by a defined surveillance biopsy protocol. Results During a follow-up that consisted of 24,137 patient-years, 1,626 late rejections occurred. Shorter time since transplant, history of rejection, younger age and African-American ethnicity of the recipient were strong risk factors for late rejection. The practice of surveillance biopsy varied among institutions. Continued surveillance increased the rate of diagnosis of late rejection (RR = 1.3, p = 0.002). There was no reduction in the incidence of hemodynamically compromising rejection and no increase in survival in patients with long-term vs intermediate-term surveillance. Short-term surveillance was associated with an increased incidence of hemodynamically compromising rejection, particularly among high-risk patients, and increased mortality in African-American patients. Conclusions There are no apparent benefits from surveillance biopsy beyond 5 years post-transplant. Surveillance biopsy between 2 and 5 years post-transplant was found to reduce mortality in African-American recipients. Non–African-American recipients at high risk for late rejection will likely benefit from surveillance up to 5 years post-transplant.
An antenna-channel-antenna modeling methodology for estimating MIMO system performance

Link budget analysis of SISO communication systems involves the usual parameters of antenna gains and path loss through the channel. For MIMO systems, however, the traditional metrics (including mean effective gain) are insufficient for predicting link performance. For SISO systems, it is practical to isolate the antennas and channel as separate blocks. For MIMO systems, it is necessary to consider the complete antenna-channel-antenna interface in order to accurately predict link performance. This paper offers a precise formulation of the ant-channel-ant interface and demonstrates its usefulness by simple example.
A New Species of Maccaffertium Bednarik (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from the Southeastern U.S.A.

A new species of flat-headed mayflies (Heptageniidae) is described as Maccaffertium appaloosa, n. sp. The species is based on larvae taken from Tennessee, U.S.A. It is both morphologically and markedly unique within the genus, and is most conspicuous with respect to spotting on the abdominal sterna.
Self-Efficacy and Interest: Experimental Studies of Optimal Incompetence.

How does self-efficacy affect interest? The interest-and-interests model assumes that factors that induce interest—novelty, complexity, conflict, and uncertainty—do so non-linearly. Self- efficacy should thus affect interest quadratically, because it reflects uncertainty about an activity's outcome. When self-efficacy is low, interest is low because the activity's outcome is certain. When self-efficacy is moderate, the person's success on the task seems likely, but not inevitable. But as self-efficacy becomes very high, success seems completely certain, and the task is thus uninteresting. Two experiments tested these predictions. Experiment 1 asked people to rate the interestingness of differentially difficult activities; Experiment 2 manipulated self-efficacy regarding a fuzzy dart game. In both experiments, interest was a quadratic function of self-efficacy. Implications for theories of vocational interest development and change are considered.
Back contact band offset study of Mo-CZTS based solar cell structure by using XPS/UPS techniques

The back contact issues of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells are rarely studied. The conventional back contact layers used for CZTS are molybdenum (Mo) and moly-disulfide (MoS2). In this paper, the band offset at the Mo/MoS2 interface is reported. The Mo/MoS2 interface was formed by annealing Mo foil in a sulfur rich ambient. XPS/UPS spectra were then obtained without exposing the sample to ambient atmosphere. The valence band maxima (VBM) and the core level binding energies were obtained to estimate the band alignment. Our results showed that a Schottky junction was formed at the Mo/MoS2 interface with a barrier height of 0.36eV. The valence band maximum at the interface was 0.84eV and the corresponding band bending was 0.11 eV at the interface. A band diagram of the Mo/MoS2 interface created with these values showed that the formation of MoS2 between Mo and CZTS layer would not be a barrier to the holes at least at the Mo-side of the Mo/MoS2/CZTS interface.
More Than Just a Formality: Instant Authorship and Copyright's Opt-Out Future in the Digital Age

The digital age has forever changed the role of copyright in promoting the progress of science and the arts. The era of instant authorship has provided copyright to countless authors who are not motivated by copyright incentives. It has also made it impracticable for copyright to return to a system requiring author adherence to formalities, such as notice and registration. Though many intellectual property scholars today argue for “reformalizing” copyright, they fail to consider fully the consequences of shifting from the current opt-out copyright system to an opt-in regime.This Comment fills that gap by exploring how an opt-in regime would work in a world with countless authors. In particular, it details the inability of many authors to know at the time of creating an original work whether that work will be commercially successful, such that, if copyright did not automatically vest, it would be worth the time and cost to obtain protection. This Comment ultimately argues that an opt-in copyright system characterized by formalities would not scale in the era of instant authorship and that returning to such a regime would disincentivize authors who are motivated by the present copyright scheme. This Comment then concludes with a discussion of why an opt-out system that automatically grants rights to authors is supported by the different theories of the U.S. Constitution’s Copyright Clause.
Prisons, Police, and Prevention

AMERICAN PRISONS, A STUDY IN AMERICAN SOCIAL HISTORY PRIOR TO I915. By Blake McKelvey. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, I936. 2.42. PP. $3.00. PRISONS AND BEYOND. By Sanford Bates. New York: The Macmillan Co., I936. 334 PP. $3.50. PRISON LIFE IS DIFFERENT. By James A. Johnston. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., I937. 337 PP. $3.00. SING SING CRIMINALS. By Samuel Kahn. Philadelphia: Dorrance and Co., I936. I87 PP. $z.50. PREDICTING CRIMINALITY. By Ferris F. Laune. Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University Press, 1936. I63 PP$X.50. PAROLE IN THE SOUTHWEST. Proceedings of the First Southwestern States Probation and Parole Conference. Edited by S. D. Myres, Jr. Dallas: The Arnold Foundation, Southern Methodist University, I936. 98 pp. THE POLICE AND MODERN SOCIETY. By August Vollmer. Berkeley: The University of California Press, I936. 2.53 PP. $X.50. LOCAL DEMOCRACY AND CRIME, CONTROL. By A. C. Millspaugh. Washington: The Brookings Institution, I936. 2.63 PP. $X.00.
Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of a Woven Advanced Composite Reinforced with Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

We present the fabrication and interlaminar fracture testing of a novel multi-scale composite architecture incorporating aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Forests of long (>20 μm) radially-aligned CNTs are grown directly on fibers in alumina fiber woven cloth forming “fuzzy fiber” plies that contain CNTs on the surface and inside the woven fabric. Epoxy is introduced during hand layup creating a fuzzy fiber reinforced plastic (FFRP) composite with improved interlaminar properties. The interlaminar Mode I fracture toughness of these nano-engineered composites are compared to those of composites made without CNTs. Mode I fracture toughness is considered in detail, including discussion of Rcurves and optical and scanning-electron microscopy of fracture surfaces that help to elucidate the mechanisms of observed significant (up to 100%) increase in toughness. In addition to improved fabrication and characterization, Mode II testing and modeling of fracture are areas of future work.
Abstract P6-04-11: Quantitative Differences among Spectral Counts Based on LC-MS/MS Spectra Accurately Cluster Basal, Her2-Overexpressing and Luminal A Breast Carcinomas

Characterization of breast cancer subtypes at the protein-level is largely unexplored and is a powerful approach to identify novel biomarkers that may have diagnostic and prognostic utility. Shotgun proteomics analyzes mixtures at the peptide-level to generate MS/MS spectra that are then used to identify the peptides and proteins from which they were derived. We developed a method in our laboratory utilizing SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel digestion coupled with reversed-phase (RP) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RP-LC-MS/MS) for proteomic analysis of LCM-acquired cells. This method was then applied to a clinical sample set consisting of basal, Her2-overexpressing and luminal A frozen tumor tissues as determined by prior microarray studies. Three tumors per group were dissected in triplicate, for a total of 27 samples. Each dissection consisted of approximately 10,000 cells, corresponding to 3-5 μg protein. Following LCM, the thermoplastic membranes containing the captured cells were peeled from the cap, suspended in SDS loading buffer and gently heated for 10 minutes. The solubilized proteins were electrophoresed 2 cm into a 10-20% Tricine gel followed by in-gel trypsin digestion and peptide extraction. Replicate LC-MS/MS analysis of the tryptic peptides from each of the 27 samples was performed on a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The resultant tandem mass spectra were searched against the human IPI database using the Myrimatch search algorithm and the results filtered using IDPicker. A spectral counting approach was applied to the data-dependent data to compare quantitative differences among the identified proteins. A total of 91,646 spectra were confidently identified, corresponding to 1671 protein groups across all biological and technical replicates. An average of 545, 543, and 610 protein groups were identified in the basal, ERBB2, and luminal A subtypes, respectively, from an equivalent of approximately 800 cells. Spectral count differences between datasets were analyzed using both a Quasi-likelihood Poisson regression model, developed in-house, and the Limma package in Bioconductor. Using a False Discovery Rate Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-04-11.
Frequency Limited Adaptive Control Using a Quadratic Stability Framework: Guaranteed Stability Limits

Model Reference Adaptive Control systems have been receiving a lot of interest in the controls community because they offer the ability to handle larger amounts of uncertainty than linear control approaches. In theory, one usually wants the adaptive control law to adapt as fast a possible to obtain the best performance. However, this can inject high frequency signals into the control channels. These high frequency signals can destabilize unmodeled dynamics and exceed actuator performance limits. Experience suggests that inserting a filter in the control loop can attenuate these effects and this has recently been explored quite a bit in the literature by using the small-gain theorem to prove stability. It is well known that the small-gain theorem leads to conservative results. This paper is part of a two part series of papers that present a completely new theoretical framework for analyzing a filtered adaptive control signal using quadratic stability arguments. The results developed in this paper give a theoretical foundation for efficient numerical algorithms that can be used to determine the minimum filter bandwidths required for stability. Comparisons with existing results illustrate that the new framework is potentially much less conservative.
Haute Philanthropy: Luxury, Benevolence, and Value

AbstractIn this essay I investigate the relationship between luxury, ostensible benevolence, and value as they are manifest in the production and reproduction of the pecuniary subject. I use haute philanthropy as a contrast medium through which we can understand the contemporary practice of value and subjectivity in relation to governing. I draw theorists of pecuniary relations together with contemporary understandings of subjectivity and suggest a framework for understanding under what conditions it becomes possible to portray global consumption of luxury as the cosmopolitan practice of benevolence. Against the image of a benevolent cosmopolitan subject, I argue that haute philanthropy facilitates reification of the hierarchy of pecuniary subjectivity upon which the sustained consumption of luxury depends.
Situating social work within the post-2015 Global Agenda

ABSTRACTThe launch of the post-2015 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations (UN) initiates a new set of global priorities to replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Over a three-year process, governments and civil society representatives at the UN planned and negotiated the post-2015 Agenda and a set of SDGs and targets. Unlike the MDGs which focused almost entirely on developing countries, the new agenda is intended to be universal and therefore applicable to Europe and North America. The goals address a wide range of issues including poverty and inequality, health, international trade, climate change and gender, with a strong emphasis on the environment. This article will provide an overview of the post-2015 process and explore the implications of this agenda for social work globally and locally. It will highlight areas of particular interest to the profession, especially prospects for addressing growing global inequality within and between countries, and conce...
Research on Smart Grid-Oriented Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Advanced Metering Infrastructure(AMI) is a complete network and system designed to measure,collect, store,analyze,and use energy users' data.This paper provides an overview of the four parts of AMI technology,AMI's effect, and its relationship with smart grid and its contribution to smart grid development.With the wide area communication networks, AMI closely connects consumers and power utilities and paves the way for future distribution automation and other smart-grid functionalities.The system -wide measurement and visibility realized by AMI will enhance the utilities' system operation and asset management process.
The treatment of negative symptoms: pharmacological and methodological issues.

The drugs currently used to treat the negative symptoms of schizophrenia are inadequate, and the methods used to evaluate their efficacy impractical and conceptually flawed. I will attempt to clarify these issues, but they are complex, and the solutions I suggest will not be completely satisfactory.
Statin-associated muscle symptoms and SLCO1B1 rs4149056 genotype in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.

Background and Aims Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) may be at increased risk for statin-associated muscle symptoms because they require long-term treatment with high-intensity statin therapy. We sought to determine (1) whether other predisposing factors, including the well-known genetic variant associated with statin-associated muscle symptoms—solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B1 ( SLCO1B1 ) rs4149056—also increase the risk of statin-associated muscle symptoms in FH patients, and (2) the natural history and management for FH patients with statin-associated muscle symptoms. Methods We queried electronic records (2004-2014) of 278 genetically screened FH patients (113 men, 165 women; mean [SD] pretreatment low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] 259 [72] mg/dL) recruited from lipid clinics in the Dallas, TX, area from 2004 to 2014. Statin-associated muscle symptoms were defined as muscle symptoms arising while taking a statin and interrupting therapy. Results The risk of muscle symptoms was associated with age (odds ratio 1.6 [95% CI 1.2-2.2]), body mass index in non–African Americans (0.90 [0.83-0.97]), and hypertension (0.4 [0.2-0.9]). Simvastatin was the most commonly used statin, and it was the statin most associated with muscle symptoms. Among FH patients with muscle symptoms, 41% (n = 40) reestablished statin therapy ("eventually tolerant") and 29% (n = 28) never reestablished statin therapy ("never tolerant"). Rosuvastatin (43%) and pravastatin (30%) were the most common eventually tolerated statins, and eventually tolerant patients achieved lower treated LDL-C levels (eventually tolerant 127 vs never tolerant 192 mg/dL, P P = .003). SLCO1B1 rs4149056 genotyping revealed 224 wild-type patients (TT) and 49 heterozygotes (TC). SLCO1B1 genotype was not associated with the risk of statin-associated muscle symptoms (odds ratio 1.40 [95% CI 0.74-2.64]). Conclusion Age, not SLCO1B1 rs4149056 genotype, was the strongest risk factor for statin-associated muscle symptoms in FH patients. After developing muscle symptoms, many patients reestablished statin therapy and achieved significant LDL-C reductions. Overall, 10% of all FH patients had statin-associated muscle symptoms and never reestablished statin therapy. Such patients developed muscle symptoms even on nonstatin lipid-lowering drugs and continued to have elevations in LDL-C. Further insight is needed into the relationship between FH and statin-associated muscle symptoms so all FH patients can be adequately treated.
Pyridine Nucleotide-Dependent Electron Transport in Kidney Cortex Microsomes: Interaction with Desaturase and Other Microsomal Mixed-Function Oxidases

Rat kidney cortex microsomes contain both cytochrome b 5 and its flavoprotein reductase, yet do not catalyze fatty acyl-CoA desaturation. This inactivity was unaltered by feeding a high-carbohydrate diet. However, supplementation of liver or lung microsomes with kidney microsomes produced a significant increase in desaturase activity. Kidney microsomes had no effect on liver N -demethylation or aromatic p -hydroxylation and only an additive effect on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, suggesting specificity for the kidney-dependent synergism of desaturase. Although stearoyl-CoA is not desaturated by kidney microsomes, it did inhibit both kidney aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity, which was restored to the control level by cyanide; stearic acid had no effect on reductase activity. These results suggest the presence of a desaturase electron transport system in kidney which may lack a factor(s) normally present in liver and lung.
Nursing care of children of battered women.

Our understanding of children of battered women and their responses to violence is developing. Children's responses vary. Although some children manifest signs of distress, anxiety, and worry, others are able to overcome the deleterious effects of family violence with the help of inner resources and the support of caring people. Knowledge of these factors offer suggestions for nursing practice with battered women and their children. Nurses who care for battered women and their children must seek them out, listen, offer information, encouragement, and understanding. Language: en
Impact of number and quality of retinal images in a telemedicine screening program for ROP: results from the e-ROP study

Background Telemedicine for the detection of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is becoming increasingly common; however, obtaining the required multiple retinal images from an infant can be challenging. This secondary analysis from the Telemedicine Approaches to Evaluating Acute-Phase Retinopathy of Prematurity (e-ROP) study evaluated the detection of referral-warranted ROP (RW-ROP) by trained readers when a full set of 5 retinal images could not be obtained. Methods A total of 7,905 image sets from 1,257 infants in the study were evaluated. Retinal location of images and image quality were recorded. Sensitivity and specificity of RW-ROP detection by trained readers were calculated by comparing findings in incomplete image sets to the findings on standard eye examination. Results The majority of image sets contained all 5 retinal images (92.8%). The disk center view was the image most likely to be present and to be of acceptable image quality (96.8%). The nasal retina was the most difficult to obtain with acceptable image quality (83.4%). Sensitivity of detection of RW-ROP was 82.1% when 5 retinal images of acceptable quality were submitted for grading, 67.2% when 4 acceptable images were submitted, and 66.7% for 3 or fewer acceptable images ( P = 0.02), with corresponding specificity of 82.2%, 89.0%, and 81.7% respectively ( P P = 0.74). Conclusions The likelihood of detecting RW-ROP by telemedicine screening is decreased when a full set of retinal images is not obtained.
CGI Monstrosities: Modernist Surfaces, the Composite and the Making of the Human Form

This chapter examines how scholarship on CGI—both the algorithmic and the representational monster—often perpetuates modernist, orientalist methodologies by legislating the algorithmic monster against the assumed human form. Rather than theorizing around the monster, Kim suggests looking at the materiality of the composite in digital filmmaking, in order to think about the making and altering of the human form in modernist and digital cultural production. By engaging with surface reading, Kim critiques dominant strains of modernist criticism and offers an alternative way to read technologically produced or altered texts.
A Partial Taxonomic Revision of the Rhynchocarpa Clade of Commiphora (Burseraceae) Endemic to Madagascar

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of Commiphora (Burseraceae) have revealed a complex history of species evolution in this genus, which includes four separate invasions of Madagascar. Two of these invasions have resulted in radiations of species that are not wellcharacterized taxonomically due in part to a lack of sufficient herbarium collections. Recent work has also revealed that morphological characters that have been used historically to circumscribe species of this genus have proven insufficient for distinguishing the closely related Malagasy species of these radiations. In this study we present a partial taxonomic revision for the most species-rich of these clades, the ‘Rhynchocarpa’ clade, which contains at least 26 species united by numerous molecular synapomorphies yet lack a shared, derived suite of morphological traits. Here, we revise seven ‘Rhynchocarpa’ species that are united by the presence of stellate pubescence on vegetative and reproductive parts of the plant, a trait that is uncommon in the genus and a practical metric for limiting the scope of the revisionary work. We include five new species, including four new names (Commiphora andranovoryensis, Commiphora elliptica, Commiphora morondavensis, and Commiphora razakamalalae) and a name currently in use, correctly published (Commiphora falcata). We provide morphological descriptions, distributional information, and conservation assessments for these as well as Commiphora aprevalii and Commiphora stellulata. We designate a lectotype for Commiphora stellulata. A key to the seven species is included. We envision this contribution as the first in a series of clade-based revisions that clarify the taxonomy of Malagasy Commiphora.
Depression and survival in head and neck cancer patients

Abstract Objective Though depression often afflicts head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, few studies have examined the association between depression and survival in this particular cancer population. The objective of this study is to investigate the five-year survival of HNC patients by depression status. Materials and methods This study used SEER-Medicare data from 2002–2010 and identified depression diagnosis two years before and one year after cancer diagnosis. HNC patients were identified using ICD-O3 codes and depression was identified using ICD-9-CM codes from Medicare claims. Results Of the 3466 patients included in the study, 642 (18.5%) were diagnosed with depression during the study period. Compared to those who received no depression diagnosis, those diagnosed with depression prior to cancer or after cancer diagnosis were more likely to die of cancer (HR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.27, 1.76 and HR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.16, 1.65, respectively). Similarly, when looking at death from any cause, those diagnosed with depression prior to cancer diagnosis and those who received a diagnosis of depression after cancer were more likely to die from any death compared to those without depression (HR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.36, 1.76 and HR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.21, 1.62, respectively). Conclusions The results emphasize the need for early identification and treatment of depression in HNC patients, as well as the establishment of policies to routinely screen these patients throughout the cancer treatment process.
Reanalysis of the Much Referenced Ethanol-trichloromethane Mixture Vapor Pressure Data: A Discussion of the Principal Association Species Present

The Scatchard (S) and Raymond (R) 1938 data on the vapor pressure above ethanol (1)-trichloromethane (2) mixtures at the temperatures of 35, 45 and 55° C are still being used today in discussions of the thermodynamic properties and association species present in 1-2 mixtures. Here a detailed reanalysis of the originally published SR data has been carried out using the model free Redlich-Kister excess chemical potential approach as applied by Barker. These results show how small temperature variations drastically affect mixture vapor pressure measurements. A number of weaknesses in SR's original analysis of their data and significant discrepancies between R's thesis results and those in the published SR paper have been uncovered. These discrepancies would impact the conclusions of anyone using SR's results. From the present reanalysis more accurate temperatures dependent Gibbs excess energies, excess entropies, excess enthalpies and activity coefficients have been calculated that could not been obtained from SR data analysis scheme. Based on available experimental and theoretical studies of the 1-2 system it is argued that the major association species should be the cyclic 111 trimer and that the dimer 22 should be considered. This is counter to a current model for this system.
A permaculture primer: Using eco-theory to promote knowledge acquisition, dissemination and use in the sales organization

Abstract Responding to evidence in Dixon and Adamson's (2011) “Challenger Sale” that the sales management system employed by most of today's sales organizations failed to detect and respond to significant changes in the sales environment years ago, this research examines the concept of sales system sustainability. Borrowing from the field of eco-science where the concept of sustainability has been largely developed, this theoretical research introduces Holmgren's (2002) permaculture principles to the sales literature and offers a conceptual application of these principles in the context of industrial selling. It posits that application of these principles will aid the sales organization's acquisition, dissemination and application of knowledge, effectively positioning the organization for greater endurance and sustainability going forward. In addition to offering managerial implications throughout, this paper concludes by providing a road map for future research inquiry.
Response to: Socially mediated metacognition for understanding science of learning in medical education

Dear SirWe read Dr. Chue’s thoughtful response to our Twelve Tips with great interest. While we discuss the social nature of learning and situated learning in Tips 10 and 11, respectively, we chose...
Specifying the Price Impacts of Utility Easements

This paper proposes a nonlinear econometric specification for estimating the hedonic land value impact of dis-amenities that affect only a portion of a property’s value. This specification allows for the possibility that the price-acreage relationship is nonlinear, and assumes that the dis-amenity’s price impact is some product of overall land value. It is based on an assumed data-generating process in which sellers and buyers adjust their asking and bid prices by adjusting what they perceive to be the net property acreage – i.e., the effective usable acreage, after accounting for any use loss associated with the dis-amenity.
Disaster and Mass Casualty Management

You are the field medical director of the emergency system for your region. While patrolling an area being prepared for the upcoming state fair, a bolt of lightning strikes a concentrated area of workers who were hovering around one of the main tents.You arrive on the scene immediately and place a dispatch call for medical backup. Several fragments of the frame of the tent have impaled some of the victims.You see the following persons down: (A) Two workers with metal frames impaled in lower extremities who are calling out for help (B) One worker decapitated (C) One worker with no vital signs of life and no obvious injuries (D) One worker with abdominal evisceration who is moaning in pain (E) One worker who is entrapped by a large metal plate with no vital signs of life
Correction to: Interior Immigration Enforcement and Political Participation of U.S. Citizens in Mixed-Status Households

Ruggles, S., Genadek, K., Goeken, R., Grover, J., & and Sobek, M. (2017). Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 7.0 [Data set]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota. https://doi.org/10.18128/D010.V7.0.
Evaluation of Treated Effluent as an Irrigation Source for Landscape Plants

Abstract Treated effluent from the Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD) Virginia Initiative Plant (VIP) was evaluated in 2000 and 2001 as an irrigation source for landscape plants. Landscape plants common to eastern Virginia were installed in raised beds and overhead irrigated at the rate of 2.5 cm (1 in) per week for five months. Aesthetic quality ratings, and soil and water analyses, were conducted monthly. Aesthetic quality ratings were lower on certain plants irrigated with treated effluent in both years of the study. Damage appeared to result from foliar contact by irrigation water high in dissolved salts. Soil tests showed salt accumulation in the planting soil. Damage that occurred on plants irrigated with treated effluent was species specific and included leaf burn, chlorosis, defoliation, stunting, and death. All symptoms were consistent with and typical of salt damage. Salt concentrations in this treated effluent were too high to allow use of this water as an overhead irrigation source for m...
Residency training as technology matures a survey of radiology residents' training experiences.

Rationale and Objectives The aim of the study is to assess radiology resident training experience in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), obstetrical (OB) ultrasound (US), carotid US, and barium esophagram. Materials and Methods One hundred eighteen radiology residents completed surveys. Surveys assessed resident year of residency training, hospital size, program affiliation with an academic institution, state, performance of the examinations listed, number of examinations performed per week, and number of weeks spent on rotations for each modality. The study was approved by the institutional review board and was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant. t -Test and chi-square test were performed, and results were analyzed for statistical significance. Results Most (94 respondents; 80%) respondents were third-year residents, 101 residents (86%) stated their program was affiliated with an academic institution, 92 residents (78%) performed cardiac MRI, 104 (88%) performed PET, 84 (71%) performed OB US, 71 (60%) performed carotid US (one did not respond), and all performed esophagrams (although one did not respond). Only performance of cardiac MRI and PET correlated positively with a larger average hospital size ( P P Conclusion Such factors as hospital size, academic institution affiliation, and geography affect radiology resident training, particularly for such maturing applications as cardiac MRI and PET. This information may be useful in attempts to standardize radiology residency training.
An Information Space View of “Time”: From Clocks to Open-Loop Control

This paper addresses the peculiar treatment that time receives when studying control systems. For example, why is the ability to perfectly observe time assumed implicitly in virtually all control formulations? What happens if this implicit assumption is violated? It turns out that some basic control results fall apart when time cannot be perfectly measured. To make this explicit, we introduce information space concepts that permit imperfect time information to be considered in the same way as imperfect state information. We then argue that classical open-loop control should be reconsidered as perfect time-feedback control. Following this, we introduce a notion of strongly open-loop control, which does not require perfect time observations. We provide some examples of these concepts and argue that many fascinating directions for future controls research emerge.
Arrhythmia Detection Algorithms in Dual Chamber ICDs

In the conventional ICDs, the arrhythmia detection algorithm relies primarily on a analysis of the ventricular rate and stability, and do not adequately differentiate ventricular tachycardia (VT) from supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Not unexpectedly, the latter arrhythmias may be misclassi~ed and lead to inappropriate ICD therapy in 20–30% of the implanted patients [1,2]. This inappropriate therapy frequently manifests as ICD cluster shocks that are not only painful but may also be, at times, proarrhythmic. The speci~city of the arrhythmia detection may be improved by detection enhancements such as sudden onset, stability, electrogram width or sustained rate duration [3,4]. Their use, however, has not gained widespread acceptance due to con_icting ~ndings regarding their potential ef~cacy and potential concerns regarding underdetection of the clinical VT [5]. The dual chamber ICDs provide a capability for combined detection and analysis of the atrial and ventricular electrograms [6,7]. This makes it possible to design innovative detection algorithms, which may allow for better differentiation of VT from SVT/atrial ~brillation (AF). This chapter will provide a critical appraisal of the clinical utility of arrhythmia detection algorithms in the available dual chamber ICDs.