cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The clinical observation in infants with acute lung injury by nasal continuous positive airway pressure with NO

Objective To observe and analyze the clinical effect of infants with acute lung injury(ALI) by nasal continuous positive airway pressure(NCPAP) with NO.Methods Thirty-six cases of ALI from June.2009 to Feb.2010 were given NCPAP and NO 10 ppm and treatment with resist infection,control body fluid,phlegm,and relieve muscle spasm.The development and the changes of blood gas of 36 infants were observed.Results The use of NCPAP significantly improved the arterial blood oxygenation after 24h.The blood oxygenation level was increased significantly from(256.9±40.3) to(347.2±41.6) and the values of HR,RR were significantly improved(P0.05).Conclusion Using NCPAP and NO is of efficacy and safety in infants with acute lung injury.
Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry determination of lead content in urine of factors

Objective:Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry determination of lead content in urine of factors,to find a solution.Methods: The standard addition method;control of the absorbance of the blank tube;parameters of graphite furnace heating a reasonable choice;use of pyrolytic coated graphite tube;choose a suitable matrix modifier agent and select the appropriate dosage.Results: The precision of the recovery test and the standard quality control urine samples were determined to meet the requirements of the standard curve in the 0 μg/L~80 μg/L was well inside the range,the average regression equation: Y=0.00113C-0.0052,correlation coefficient r=0.99935.The detection limit was 7.42 μg/L,to meet the diagnosis of occupational lead absorption and lead poisoning requirements.Conclusion: The use of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry determination of lead in urine,simple,fast,high recovery rate and less background interference,accurate and which can be high,suitable for a large sample population occupational exposure to the determination of lead in urine.
An Overview of Home Health and Hospice Care Patients: 1996 National Home and Hospice Care Survey

OBJECTIVE This report presents numbers and percents of home health and hospice care agencies, their current patients, and their discharges. Agency characteristics include type of ownership, region, certification, location, and affiliation. Patient and discharge characteristics include age, sex, race, marital status admission diagnoses, and procedures. METHODS The data used for this report are from the National Center for Health Statistics' 1996 National Home and Hospice Care Survey. This is a sample survey through which data are collected on the use of home health and hospice care agencies in the United States. RESULTS During 1996, there were an estimated 2.5 million current patients and 8.2 million discharges from 13,500 home health and hospice care agencies in the United States. The agencies tended to be proprietary, certified by Medicare and Medicaid as a home health agency, and located in a metropolitan statistical area. Almost half were part of a chain or group of agencies. The home health and hospice care patients and discharges tended to be 65 years of age and over, female, white, and married or widowed. The most common diagnoses for home health care patients were diseases of the circulatory system, and the most common diagnoses for hospice care patients were malignant neoplasms. About a third of the home health care patients and about a fifth of the hospice care patients had a surgical or diagnostic procedure related to their admission for care. The most common procedures for home health care patients were operations on the musculoskeletal system, and for hospice care patients they were miscellaneous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Culture and Post-Socialism: The Moral Economy of Market Building

Russia’s transformation from Soviet to post Soviet–a process neither integrated nor complete was a project of remaking meanings and norms, relations and foundations of authority, and identities (Kennedy 2002; Weiner 2007). The importance of culture and power was clear empirically in such issues as contested and confused identities (rossiianin or ethnic identities), political legitimacy (power sharing between Yeltsin and the Supreme Soviet or Duma), and Russia’s “appropriate” political system and position in the global polity. Yet meaning, authority, and the like have been rare theoretically in discourse on Russia’s post-Soviet economy. Or maybe this is not surprising, as this topic was the turf of economists and political scientists. Yet social issues are not the property of one discipline alone: as economic sociology reveals, economies are more than costs, money supply, property, profit—concepts far less objective and clear cut than economists and political scientists admit.
Stressors Across the Life-Course and Preterm Delivery: Evidence From a Pregnancy Cohort.

Objectives Growing evidence suggests that pre-conception stressors are associated with increased risk of preterm delivery (PTD). Our study assesses stressors in multiple domains at multiple points in the life course (i.e., childhood, adulthood, within 6 months of pregnancy) and their relation to PTD. We also examine heterogeneity of associations by race/ethnicity, PTD timing, and PTD clinical circumstance. Methods We assessed stressors retrospectively via mid-pregnancy questionnaires in the Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health Study (1998–2004), a Michigan pregnancy cohort (n = 2559). Stressor domains included abuse/witnessing violence (hereafter “abuse”), loss, economic stress, and substance use. We used logistic and multinomial regression for the following outcomes: PTD (<37 weeks’ gestation), PTD by timing (≤34 weeks, 35–36 weeks) and PTD by clinical circumstance (medically indicated, spontaneous). Covariates included race/ethnicity, education, parity, and marital status. Results Stressors in the previous 6 months were not associated with PTD. Experiencing abuse during both childhood and adulthood increased adjusted odds of PTD among women of white or other race/ethnicity only (aOR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.1, 2.5). Among all women, abuse in childhood increased odds of late PTD (aOR 1.5, 95 % CI 1.0, 2.2) while abuse in both childhood and adulthood non-significantly increased odds of early PTD (aOR 1.6, 95 % CI 0.9, 2.7). Sexual, but not physical, abuse in both childhood and adulthood increased odds of PTD (aOR 1.9, 95 % CI 1.0, 3.5). Conclusions Experiences of abuse—particularly sexual abuse—across the life-course may be important considerations when assessing PTD risk. Our results motivate future studies of pathways linking abuse and PTD.
Tissue Differentiation by Semi-Automated Quantitative Analysis of A-Scan Echography

The use of ultrasonic echography as a diagnostic tool is becoming widely accepted as an important modality for obtaining significant diagnostic information. Its noninvasive and nondestructive properties further enhance its usefulness in clinical medicine. The ability of ultrasonic echography to visualize directly soft tissue structure is dependent upon partial reflection of acoustic energy at interfaces of juxtaposed tissues exhibiting different acoustic impedances. Records of these reflections allow qualitative and quantitative examination of pathological processes in soft tissues by enabling the examiner to outline lesions and determine their consistency, relation to, and effects on surrounding organs and tissues.
A Voltage-Enhanced, Low-Cost Aqueous Iron–Air Battery Enabled with a Mediator-Ion Solid Electrolyte

A new type of aqueous iron–air (Fe–air) battery is demonstrated with an alkaline anode electrolyte (anolyte) and an acidic cathode electrolyte (catholyte). The anolyte and catholyte are separated by an alkali-metal-ion (Li+-ion or Na+-ion) solid-electrolyte separator in which the alkali metal ion serves as an ionic mediator to sustain the redox reactions at the anode and cathode. Coupling the acidic air cathode with the alkaline iron anode demonstrates a voltage-enhanced Fe–air battery. To reduce the cell overpotential, the Fe–air battery is operated with decoupled bifunctional air cathodes comprising an IrO2/Ti (iridium oxide on titanium mesh) electrode for the oxygen evolution reaction and a Pt/C (carbon-supported platinum) electrode for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Homage to Orisha

As a Yoruba woman, I use the power of poetry as a healing balm. Many people have other ways of dealing with life struggles, but poetry is my way of being. I also introduce poetry into any curriculum that I am teaching. Yet, over the years, I have found that many of my students are intimidated by this form of artistic expression.
Modeling smart cities with hetero-functional graph theory

In the 21s' century, urbanization as a mega-trend will create many megacities. These highly dense, large population centers will have to efficiently deliver essential services including, energy, water, mobility, manufactured goods, and healthcare. While these services may be treated independently, they are in reality interdependent, especially as the need for efficient resource utilization, and consequently integration. This presents a formidable engineering challenge as the modeling foundations for these services have traditionally been discipline specific. Furthermore, efforts to integrate these modeling foundations have often adopted simplifying constraints which have limited applicability to the emerging challenge of smart cities. This paper collates an emerging "hetero-functional graph theory" for potential application to integrated smart city infrastructure models. It has been recently demonstrated in several application domains. The paper concludes with the construction of a hetero-functional graph for a smart city model consisting of an integrated electricity, water, and transportation system. Such a graph has the potential for dynamic modeling, resilience analysis, and integrated decision-making.
Who Counts? What Counts? Place and the Limits of Perinatal Mortality Measures

Perinatal mortality indicators (e.g., maternal mortality ratio, neonatal death rate) mask social determinants of health and undermine reproductive justice.
Begin with the End in Mind: A three-part workshop series to facilitate end-of-life discussions with members of the community

Death is among the most avoided topics of conversation. Although end-of-life planning may greatly benefit individuals and their survivors, research and practice indicate that family, friends, and even health care providers resist discussing end-of-life plans. Consequences of not planning ahead have created a public health issue. This article describes a community-level intervention that facilitates those necessary conversations among elders who have at least begun to talk with others about their wishes. A free, three-part educational workshop series on end-of-life planning titled "Begin with the End in Mind" was developed at a midwestern university. A survey was distributed to all attendees to learn about their beliefs regarding end-of-life planning. Inductive content analysis was used to understand participants' thoughts about discussing end-of-life planning. Findings from 33 participants suggest a concern about making plans and ensuring others would follow their wishes. In conclusion, this article offers a roadmap for gerontologists and others to use in engaging the community to think about and act on end-of-life public health issues.
Religious stigmata: a dermato-psychiatric approach and differential diagnosis.

Background Stigma refers to the wounds reproduced on the human body, similar to the ones inflicted on the Christ during his crucifixion, on the palms, soles, and head, as well as the right or the left side of the chest, the lips and, the back. Whether they are genuine or fabricated, stigmata are still considered a medical enigma. Objective To summarize and analyze all available medical data about stigmata, integrating both its dermatological and psychiatric features. Methods and materials A systematic search of Pubmed and Embase databases was conducted on August 19, 2016, using the terms stigma, stigmata, and religious. Results Around 300 cases of stigma have been described since the 13th century. Hematidrosis, hemolacria, bloody otorrhea, vicarious menstruation, and Gardner-Diamond syndrome were all dermatological disorders that resulted in signs and symptoms similar to that of stigma. Stigma was often associated with the occurrence of intense emotion or great psychological stress. It also occurred in the context of simulation, factitious disorder, conversion disorder, and functional neurological symptom disorder. Conclusion Stigma remains an example of the intricate relationships existing between medicine, psychiatry, psychology, spirituality, and the human body.
Unconventional energy, taxation, and interstate welfare: An analysis of Pennsylvania's severance tax policy

Abstract Natural gas production from unconventional sources has increased over the past decade. A significant portion of this increase has come from output in the Marcellus region of Pennsylvania. This output has altered gas markets and repositioned Pennsylvania as a major gas exporter. It has also put Pennsylvania at odds with other states as it is one of a few without a formal severance tax on extractive resources. In this paper, we combine results from a structural demand model with a two-sector trade model to analyze the interstate welfare impacts of Pennsylvania's current severance tax proposal. Our results demonstrate that most of the welfare losses from this proposed policy are likely to be shifted to residents in other states. We also demonstrate how fluctuations in gas prices can substantially reduce tax revenue. These findings have important implications for both Pennsylvania and U.S. energy policy given the significant rise in energy production from new sources throughout the U.S.
Epiphytic Associations with Ants

Ants are the most common arboreal insects of tropical forests (Leston 1973; Erwin 1983; Wilson 1987) and possibly the most frequent animal contacts of epiphytic plants. It is not surprising, then, that epiphytes share a number of ecological interactions with ants, and that some of these interactions have become prominent features of epiphyte biology. Not only are ants abundant and ubiquitous, but their unique social attributes proffer a functional significance disproportionate to numbers. As eusocial insects (Wilson 1971), ants exhibit a division of colony labors between reproductive and sterile (worker) castes. Primary responsibility for more dangerous, extranidal activity resides with the workers, and the colony as a reproductive unit often enjoys considerable immunity from predation (Wilson 1971; Jeanne and Davidson 1984). Consequently, ant populations are often limited by food and/or nest sites (e.g. Wilson 1959; Leston 1973; Swain 1977; Brown and Davidson 1977) and are likely to be responsive over both ecological and evolutionary time to the provisioning of such resources by epiphytes and other plants. Relatively long life expectancies allow many ants to divert considerable energy and resources early in the life history to modifications of the nesting and foraging environments (Forel 1929). In turn, these modifications may further counteract negative abiotic and biotic selection pressures and further prolong colony lifespans.
Chapter 20 Engineering Photosynthetic Enzymes Involved in CO2–Assimilation by Gene Shuffling

Enhancing photosynthesis is a promising approach for increasing plant productivity. Advances in plant transformation technology make it possible to manipulate photosynthesis by overexpressing particular genes for alleviating bottleneck steps, diverting the flux of Calvin cycle intermediates and photoassimilates, or introducing new enzymes and pathways that can positively influence photosynthesis. Furthermore, directed molecular evolution makes it possible to target selected key enzymes in photosynthetic pathways for modifying their specific catalytic or protein properties and tailoring them to best function under specified growth conditions. In this chapter, advances in directed molecular evolution technology and the use of gene shuffling methodology to modify Rubisco and Rubisco activase to enhance plant photosynthesis and growth are described. By shuffling the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Rubisco large subunit and utilizing competitive growth selection, several mutated Rubisco enzymes with increased carboxylase activity or CO2/O2 specificity were identified. The mutations identified in the modified Chlamydomonas Rubisco variants were then introduced into the tobacco enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis. Enzyme kinetic assays indicated that the modified tobacco Rubisco enzymes displayed increased CO2/O2 specificity, carboxylase activity and reduced Km for CO2. Similarly, gene shuffling technology was used to generate several Arabidopsis thaliana Rubisco activase variants exhibiting improved thermostability in order to alleviate the inhibition of plant photosynthesis by elevated temperatures. The thermostable activase variants were then expressed in an Arabidopsis Rubisco activase deletion line created by fast-neutron mutagenesis. The positive effects of the shuffled thermostable Rubisco activase variants on Rubisco activation state, rates of photosynthesis, and growth under moderate heat stress were demonstrated.
Minimality and Sylow-Permutability in Locally Finite Groups

We give a complete classification of the locally finite groups that are minimal with respect to Sylow-permutability being intransitive.
Untersuchungen an Adoptivkindern

Die Adoption scheint fur de Untersuchung der Erblichkeit einzigartige Gelegenheiten zu bieten. Das adoptierte Kind wachst naturlich in einer von seinen Adoptiv-eltern geschaffenen familiaren Umwelt auf. In dem Ausmas, in dem die familiare Umwelt den I.Q. determiniert, sollte der I.Q. adoptierter Kinder die Umwelten der Familienhauser widerspiegeln, in denen sie aufgezogen worden waren. Das Kind tragt jedoch die Gene seiner biologischen Eltern. Folglich sollte der I.Q. des Kindes mit dem seiner biologischen Eltern korrelieren, wenn der I.Q. weithin genetisch determiniert ist. Das ware sogar dann so, wenn das Kind niemals mit seinen leiblichen Eltern gelebt oder sie gekannt hatte.
Microsoft Cambridge at TREC 13: Web and Hard Tracks.

All our submissions from the Microsoft Research Cambridge (MSRC) team this year continue to explore issues in IR from a perspective very close to that of the original Okapi team, working first at City University of London, and then at MSRC. A summary of the contributions by the team, from TRECs 1 to 7 is presented in [3]. In this work, weighting schemes for ad-hoc retrieval were developed, inspired by a probabilistic interpretation of relevance; this lead, for instance, to the successful BM25 weighting function. These weighting schemes were extended to deal with pseudo relevance feedback (blind feedback). Furthermore, the Okapi team participated in most of the early interactive tracks, and also developed iterative relevance feedback strategies for the routing task. Following up on the routing work, TRECs 7–11 submissions dealt principally with the adaptive filtering task; this work is summarised in [5]. Last year MSRC entered only the HARD track, concentrating on the use of the clarification forms [6]. We hoped to make use of the query expansion methods developed for filtering in the context of feedback on snippets in the clarification forms. However, our methods were not very successful. In this year’s TREC we took part in the HARD and WEB tracks. In HARD, we tried some variations on the process of feature selection for query expansion. On the WEB track, we investigated the combination of information from different content fields and from link-based features. Section 3 briefly describes the system we used. Section 4 describes our HARD participation and Section 5 our TREC participation.
A Brief Introduction to the Stages of Development

To bring some order into our discussion of suicidal behavior in people of different ages, we need some descriptive schema for how people change with age. Such schema are often called stages of development, and many developmental psychologists reject the notion of stages (Goodman & Feldman, 1975).
Discrete Time Optimal Control Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights discrete time optimal control systems. The optimal control system is formulated by considering a control system whose state at any time t is described by an n-dimensional vector function x(t). The coordinates of x are sometimes referred to as phase coordinates. The chapter is restricted to control functions that arise in so-called sampled-data control systems. Thus, one shall suppose that a sampling period Τ is given beforehand and that u(t) is constant for (i — 1) T ≤ t ≤ iT (i = 1, 2 …). The chapter describes methods for computing these optimal discrete controls. Under appropriate restrictions, time optimal discrete controls approach the continuous time optimal control if the sampling period is allowed to go to zero. To distinguish among discrete admissible controls with different sampling periods, a function given by equation is a discrete admissible control function with period T.
User-Centered Evaluation of Technosocial Predictive Analytics

In today’s technology filled world, it is absolutely essential to show the utility of new software, especially software that brings entirely new capabilities to potential users. In the case of technosocial predictive analytics, researchers are developing software capabilities to augment human reasoning and cognition. Getting acceptance and buy-in from analysts and decision makers will not be an easy task. In this position paper, we discuss an approach we are taking for user-centered evaluation that we believe will result in adoption of technosocial predictive software by the intelligence community.
Abstract 4850: The minor groove binding agent quinacrine inhibits growth and increases apoptotic death in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma tumor cells

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an invasive, incurable and aggressive pediatric brain tumor found in the brainstem. Improved understanding of the biology of DIPG tumors is urgently needed to develop novel treatments. Our previous studies have shown that DIPG tumors and cell lines express high levels of the DNA-binding stem cell factor high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2).. Targeting HMGA2 using lentiviral shRNA decreased DIPG cell invasion, proliferation and increased apoptosis in our studies. We hypothesized that inhibiting HMGA2 using DNA minor groove binding drugs like quinacrine would decrease DIPG proliferation and increase apoptotic cell death. We used three DIPG cell lines (JHHDIPG1, JHHDIPG16A, and SUDIPG13) to test the effect of quinacrine. Quinacrine has traditionally been used as an anti-malarial drug and is known to strongly bind to DNA. We used BrdU incorporation as a measure of proliferation and expression of cleaved caspase-3 (CC-3) as a measure of apoptosis. Treatment of DIPG cells with quinacrine showed a dose dependent increase in cell death (CC-3 expression) from 3uM to 20uM, with the most effective doses being from 3uM to 5uM. In all three DIPG cell lines, treatment with 1uM to 5uM quinacrine showed a significant reduction in cell proliferation (BrdU) from 3uM to 5uM compared to vehicle-treated cells (P Citation Format: Huizi Guo, Harpreet Kaur, Sepehr Akhtarkhavari, Charles G. Eberhart, Eric H. Raabe. The minor groove binding agent quinacrine inhibits growth and increases apoptotic death in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma tumor cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4850.
Sounding the Hurricane: Mahagonny

Brecht and Kurt Weill’s Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (1927–1930) is a dystopian narrative saturated with music. Though its catchy melodies such as the “Alabama Song” were meant to work in an estranging way, they have become crossover staples. Brecht’s vision of a capitalist American wasteland has been harder to assimilate into popular culture—until 2016’s political turn in the US has made such dystopia seem nearer at hand. Weill’s music works like weather pressing up against the opera’s text, not unlike the hurricane that ultimately takes the city down. In fact, the hurricane itself works as a messenger, a visiting angel of destruction, in Sybille Kramer’s sense of media transmission and John Durham Peters’ “mediafication” of earthly, elemental forces.
3 – THE FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION

The fundamental equation refers to a functional relation among all extensive parameters of a thermodynamic system. The fundamental equation contains all of the thermodynamic information on the system. Thermodynamic theory does not depend on the knowledge or even the existence of an explicit form of the fundamental equation. If one can, indeed, be formulated, it is bound to be rather complicated in general, because the constitution of the matter of which the thermodynamic system is composed is necessarily complex. Thus, precious few fundamental equations have been proposed and all of these describe particularly simple systems. It is however crucial to the understanding of thermodynamic theory to examine the formal aspects and properties that characterize any fundamental equation.
A Robust Moment Closure for General Continuous-time Epidemic Processes

We develop a robust moment closure for a general class of continuous-time epidemic spreading processes, the elements of which are prevalent in the literature. Our moment closure method takes as input a general stochastic compartmental spreading process defined for $n$ agents and $m$ compartments, and produces a system of 2nm differential equations whose solutions provide nontrivial approximations to the marginal compartmental membership probabilities for each agent. This is an improvement over the commonly used mean-field type approximation, which provides no such guarantee. We demonstrate that our results provide useful predictions with examples performed on two models of competitive spreading processes, and find the developed closure to be more informative than mean-field approximations.
Juvenile granulosa cell tumor associated with Maffucci syndrome in pregnancy: A case report.

Abstract Juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) is an extremely rare ovarian tumor that has been associated with Maffucci syndrome. It both secretes hormone and has been postulated to grow in response to hormone. We present a case of a 33-year-old G1P0 asymptomatic woman with a history of Maffucci syndrome found to have a left adnexal mass on routine ultrasonography at 13 weeks gestation. This case demonstrates the sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of JGCT, as well as the natural progression of the tumor during pregnancy. A follow-up ultrasound 3 weeks after initial diagnosis demonstrated marked growth in size and vascularity of the tumor, prompting unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of JGCT.
Advancing community detection using Keyword Attribute Search

As social network structures evolve constantly, it is necessary to design an efficient mechanism to track the influential nodes and accurate communities in the networks. The attributed graph represents the information about properties of the nodes and relationships between different nodes, hence, this attribute information can be used for more accurate community detection. Current techniques of community detection do not consider the attribute or keyword information associated with the nodes in a graph. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm of online community detection using a technique of keyword search over the attributed graph. First, the influential attributes are derived based on the probability of occurrence of each attribute type-value pair on all nodes and edges, respectively. Then, a compact Keyword Attribute Signature is created for each node based on the unique id of each influential attribute. The attributes on each node are classified into different classes, and this class information is assigned on each node to derive the strongest association among different nodes. Once the class information is assigned to all the nodes, we use a keyword search technique to derive a community of nodes belonging to the same class. The keyword search technique makes it possible to search community of nodes in an online and computationally efficient manner compared to the existing techniques. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed method derive the community of nodes in an online manner. The nodes in a community are strongly connected to each other and share common attributes. Thus, the community detection can be advanced by using keyword search method, which allows personalized and generalized communities to be retrieved in an online manner.
Firearms and Physicians: Finding a Duty to Discuss

Quite simply, no currently articulated duty exists for physicians to warn their patients about the dangers of firearms or to ask about the presence of firearms in the home. This article argues, however, that such a duty can easily be read into many of the other existing duties that physicians have, including the basic duty of care. However, imposing such a duty would not be the best way to address or reduce gun violence and may even harm that effort. The legal community and the public health community need the alliance of the medical community in order to best reduce the deaths and injuries attributable to firearm violence. The best way to accomplish this goal is not by forcing a newly articulated legal obligation on physicians, but by joining with them to promote the discussion of firearms as an integral part of their work.
Retrospective evaluation of the clinical course and outcome following grape or raisin ingestion in dogs (2005–2014): 139 cases

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI), clinical course, decontamination procedures, and outcome in dogs following grape or raisin ingestion. DESIGN: Retrospective case series from 2005 to 2014. SETTING: Three university veterinary teaching hospitals. ANIMALS: One hundred thirty‐nine client‐owned dogs with known grape or raisin ingestion. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among dogs with biochemical data, the prevalence of AKI was 6.7% (8/120). The prevalence of AKI in the early presentation (3/67) and late (5/53) presentation groups were 4.5% and 9%, respectively. The prevalence of AKI was not significantly different between groups (P = 0.27). Four dogs (3.3%) were azotemic at presentation and 4 dogs (3.3%) had increases in creatinine of ≥26.5 µmol/L (0.3 mg/dL) at recheck (3 from the early and 1 from the late group). Vomiting was the most common clinical sign (18/139). One hundred twenty‐two dogs (88%) underwent gastrointestinal decontamination and significantly more dogs in the early group were decontaminated (P < 0.0001). Two dogs received continuous renal replacement therapy. One hundred thirty‐eight dogs survived and 1 died. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of AKI and mortality was low in dogs with confirmed grape or raisin ingestion. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, conclusions about the utility of gastrointestinal decontamination and other therapies cannot be made.
Defining the United States land base: a technical document supporting the USDA Forest Service 2020 RPA assessment

The Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment uses a combination of land use and land cover data to evaluate trends in the United States land base and project future changes. This publication describes how the RPA Assessment uses the National Resources Inventory, National Land Cover Database, and Forest Inventory and Analysis to support analyses of forest trends. The authors compare and contrast differences in definitions and approaches of these three major data sources and document the recent status and trends of land use and land cover area according to these sources. While the general definitions of land uses and land covers are superficially similar among these sources, understanding the conceptual and technical differences between them is necessary to evaluate and compare trends in the U.S. land base. Some differences can be rationalized based on the sensitivity of the different databases to the underlying drivers of landscape change over time. However, the major difference is the perception of the land base in terms of its intended human use versus its current biophysical cover. The RPA Assessment will continue to use both land use and land cover data separately and in combination because each source offers both unique and complementary perspectives on land base trends.
Effects of Boron Implantation on Silicon Dioxide Passivated HgCdTe

The influence of boron ion implants on the optical and physical properties of photochemically deposited SiO2 films on HgO 7 CdO 3Te and silicon has been investigated. The distributions of the boron atoms between the SiO2 film and substrate have been determined by a nondestructive neutron depth profiling method. The implants produce an apparent densification of the SiO2 films, which is accompanied by an increase in refractive index and changes in the infrared vibrational spectra for these films.
Risk factors for treatment failure of fracture-related infections.

Abstract Objective Infection after fracture fixation is a potentially devastating outcome, and surgical management is frequently unsuccessful at clearing these infections. The purpose of this study is to determine if factors can be identified that are associated with treatment failure after operative management of a deep surgical site infection. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the billing system at a Level I trauma center between March 2006 and December 2015. We identified 451 patients treated for deep surgical site infection after fracture fixation at our center. A multivariate regression analysis was then performed to evaluate for factors associated with treatment failure. Results Mean follow-up was 2.3 years. One hundred fifty-six patients (35%) failed initial surgical management. Risk factors associated with treatment failure included initial culture results positive for polymicrobial organisms (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–2.4), removal of implants (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2–2.9), or Gustilo-Anderson IIIB/IIIC injury (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1–3.7). Increased body mass index and fulfilling the criteria to have a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal swab screening showed a trend toward increased risk of failure. Conclusion Treatment failure after deep surgical site infection was relatively common. Three distinct factors (polymicrobial infection, removal of implants, and IIIB/C fracture) were associated with failure to eradicate the infection in the first series of surgeries and antibiotics. These data might help guide clinicians as they counsel patients on the risk of treatment failure and might focus efforts to improve treatment toward patients at higher risk of treatment failure.
The Multivariate Normal Distribution

In this chapter we generalize the normal distribution to the multivariate case. The multivariate normal or Gaussian distribution is one of the most important multivariate distributions encountered in applied probability. One of the reasons is that this distribution is fundamental in the definition of a normal or Gaussian random process. A random process is a time — varying random variable; i.e., a random waveform. The Gaussian random process arises in a multitude of applications, both because it is a good model for many kinds of physical noises and random disturbances and because it is one of the most tractable of the non-trivial random processes.
The Role of Nrf2 Pathway Activation in Hippocampal Neuron Injury of Neonatal Rats with Bilirubin Encephalopathy

Objective To explore the effect of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway activation on hippocampal neuron damage in neonatal rats with bilirubin encephalopathy. Methods Neonatal rats were randomly assigned to a control group (Control), a model group (Model) and an Nrf2 activator TBHQ (tert-Butylhydroquinone) group (TBHQ), with 20 rats in each group. Bilirubin solution was injected through the cerebellomedullary cistern to establish the neonatal rat model of bilirubin encephalopathy. Neurobehavioral changes were observed in rats and the water content of the brain tissue was measured. Nissl staining was done to observe the damage of hippocampal neurons. TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Colorimetric analysis was done to determine the Caspase-3 activity in the hippocampus. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the hippocampus were examined by chemical analysis. qRT-PCR and Western blot were done to measure the expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-l (HO-1) mRNA and proteins in the hippocampus. Results After injection of bilirubin into the cerebellomedullary cistern, the young rats in the Model group and the TBHQ group showed different degrees of neurological abnormalities, while those in the control group showed no significant neurobehavioral abnormalities. Compared with the Control group, the Model group had severe neuronal damage, and the water content of brain tissue, the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, the activity of Caspase-3 and the content of MDA content significantly increased ( P<0.01), while the SOD activity, GSH content, the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA and proteins significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with the Model group, neuronal damage was improved in the TBHQ group, and the water content of brain tissue, apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, activity of Caspase-3 and MDA content were all significantly reduced ( P<0.01), while SOD activity, GSH content and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA and proteins were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion Activation of the Nrf2 pathway can improve hippocampal neuronal damage in neonatal rats with bilirubin encephalopathy and inhibit neuronal apoptosis and the oxidation reaction.
Field evaluation of sediment retention devices under concentrated flow conditions

Sediments are the leading cause of water quality deterioration around the world. A number of sediment retention devices, including ditch checks, have been developed in the last few decades to improve water quality. Differences between methodologies used to evaluate product performance in the past have led to difficulties in comparing evaluations from various studies. A new testing protocol for evaluating ditch check products was developed at the Erosion Control Research and Training Center (ECRTC) of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to provide a reliable and easily replicable testing procedure to evaluate product performance under standardized testing conditions. As per the field-scale protocol, three different flow conditions (5, 7.5, and 10 l s−1) were used to evaluate performance both in terms of water quality (turbidity and sediment concentration) and channel disturbance prior to permanent stabilization, while simulating the conditions typically found during construction activities. The flow conditions can be reproduced in the field setting using commercially available pumps and were selected based on the peak flow-generated construction site of varying size in central Illinois, and the 5, 7.5, and 10 l s−1 flows corresponded to peak flow generated from 5, 7.5, and 10 acre construction area from 10-year rainfall event. The three products tested were GeoRidge, Sediment Log, and Triangular Silt Dike. In terms of sediment concentration, Triangular Silt Dike performed better under all flow conditions, while GeoRidge and Sediment Log performed similarly. GeoRidge was able to retain more sediment upstream compared to Triangular Silt Dike and Sediment Log. This study provides a reliable and easily replicable testing procedure to evaluate ditch check product performance under standardized testing conditions. This study can also help in future product development and proper product selection for erosion and sediment control plans based on the product performance.
Aerobic Biotransformation of Fluorotelomer Thioether Amido Sulfonate (Lodyne) in AFFF-Amended Microcosms

The aerobic biotransformation pathways of 4:2, 6:2, and 8:2 fluorotelomer thioether amido sulfonate (FtTAoS) were characterized by determining the fate of the compounds in soil and medium microcosms amended with an aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) solution. The biotransformation of FtTAoS occurred in live microcosms over approximately 40 days and produced 4:2, 6:2, and 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (FtS), 6:2 fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acid (FtUCA), 5:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (FtCA), and C4 to C8 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Two biotransformation products corresponding to singly and doubly oxygenated forms of 6:2 FtTAoS were also identified through high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and liquid chromatography tandem-MS. An oxidative assay was used to indirectly quantify the total concentration of polyfluorinated compounds and check the mass balance. The assay produced near complete mass recovery of FtTAoS after biotransformation, with 10% (mol/mol) of the amended FtTAoS accounted for in FtS, FtCA, and PFCA products. The transformation rates of identified products appear to be slow relative to FtTAoS, indicating that some intermediates may persist in the environment. This study confirms some of the sources of FtS and PFCAs in groundwater and soil at AFFF-impacted sites and suggests that fluorinated intermediates that are not routinely measured during the biotransformation of PFASs may accumulate.
A summary of the NASA Glenn Ballistic Impact Lab contributions to the Columbia accident investigation

On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle Columbia broke apart during reentry resulting in the loss of 7 crewmembers and craft. For the next several months an extensive investigation of the accident ensued involving a nationwide team of experts from NASA, industry, and academia, spanning dozens of technical disciplines. The Columbia accident investigation board (CAIB), a group of experts assembled to conduct an investigation independent of NASA, concluded in August, 2003 that the cause of the loss of Columbia and its crew was a breach in the left wing leading edge reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) thermal protection system initiated by the impact of thermal insulating foam that had separated from the orbiter's external fuel tank 81 seconds into that mission's launch. During reentry, this breach allowed superheated air to penetrate behind the leading edge and erode the aluminum structure of left wing which ultimately led to the breakup of the orbiter. Supporting the findings of the CAIB numerous ballistic impact testing programs were conducted to investigate and quantify the physics of external tank foam impact on the RCC wing leading edge material. These tests ranged from fundamental material characterization tests to full-scale Orbiter wing leading edge tests. Following the accident investigation, NASA turned its focus to returning the Shuttle safely to flight. Supporting this effort are many test programs to evaluate impact threats from various debris sources during ascent that must be completed for certifying the Shuttle system safe for flight. Researchers at the NASA Glenn Ballistic Impact Laboratory have conducted several of the impact test programs supporting the accident investigation and return-to-flight efforts. This paper summarizes those activities and highlights the significant accomplishments made by this group.
Estimation of channel parameters using iterative least squares approach for W-CDMA and UWB systems

This paper proposes a new blind method to estimate the channel parameters such as the direction-of-arrival (DOA) and multipath time-of-arrival (TOA) for a communication system. We employ mathematical inverse problem techniques to find the solution. We specify an appropriate physical model to explain the received signal and reformulate the nonlinear estimation problem into a linear least squares problem. We then apply conjugate gradients (CG) iterations on the resulting normal equations (NE) to obtain the solution. We demonstrate our method for a W-CDMA system and extend the methods to an ultra-wideband (UWB) system. We also present a method for multiuser detection (MUD).
Does the Attitudinal Model of Supreme Court Decision Making Depend on Litigation Choices? Applying the Priest-Klein Selection Hypothesis to Litigation in the High Court

In political science the well-known “Attitudinal Model” of legal decision making dictates that judges’ sincere policy preferences drive legal outcomes. In contrast, the celebrated “Selection Hypothesis” from the law and economics literature suggests that litigants carefully consider factors affecting potential case success (including judicial ideology) and accordingly choose to settle cases in which legal outcomes can be readily predicted in the name of efficiency. Thus, judges end up adjudicating a non-random set of cases which, in the typical situation, should not lend themselves to ideological decision making. From this perspective, the influence of Supreme Court justices’ ideological preferences on outcomes should be obviated by the forward thinking decisions of mindful litigants. We are left with two dominant theories on jurisprudential outcomes that appear to be at odds with each other. We endeavor to address this situation by incorporating litigant selection effect considerations into a basic attitudinal account of Supreme Court justice decision making. Our primary thesis that the influence of judicial ideology on legal outcomes is conditioned on case sorting decisions by litigants that precede the justices’ case decisions on merits. We also extend our assessment of this thesis by evaluating our basic model on a subset of cases involving the Court’s most formidable litigator – the federal government.
A little less leads to lots more.

Mammalian cells have both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomes, which have long been considered to operate completely independently. However, a new report shows that after heat shock, MRPL18, a human mitochondrial ribosomal protein, binds to cytoplasmic ribosomes to influence translation of heat-shock mRNAs.
Network planning for multi-radio cognitive wireless networks

We propose a general network planning framework for multi-radio multi-channel cognitive wireless networks. Under this framework, data routing, resource allocation, and scheduling are jointly designed to maximize a network utility function. We treat such a cross-layer design problem with fixed radio distributions across the nodes and formulate it as a large-scale convex optimization problem. A primal-dual method together with the column-generation technique is proposed to efficiently solve this problem. Simulation studies are carried out to assess the performance of the proposed cross-layer network planning framework. It is seen that the proposed approach can significantly enhance the overall network performance.
Inhaled albuterol powder for pulmonary function testing.

To assess the role of albuterol powder in testing for reversibility of airflow obstruction during routine pulmonary function testing, spirometric data from subjects with baseline FEV 1 /FVC 1 1 or FVC) as compared with 30 (61 percent) of 49 subjects wth isoetharine aerosol. The significantly (p 1 /FVC of 45 to 59 percent). These data do not support the substitution of inhaled albuterol powder for isoetharine aerosol in assessing for reversibility of airflow obstruction during routine pulmonary function testing.
The correction for spectral mismatch effects on the calibration of a solar cell when using a solar simulator

A general expression was derived to enable calculation of the calibration error. The information required includes the relative spectral response of the reference cell, the relative spectral response of the cell under test, and the relative spectral irradiance of the simulator (over the spectral range defined by cell response). The spectral irradiance of the solar AMX is assumed to be known.