cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thought-Stopping: A Coping Strategy for Impending Feared Events

This paper describes a thought-stopping procedure for reducing the anticipatory anxiety and feelings of helplessness typically experienced by school-age children who know that they are to have a painful diagnostic or treatment intervention. The procedure involves having the child (with adult help) first prepare a set of positive cognitions about the feared event, then memorize them, and finally repeat them each time the event comes to mind. As developed here, our procedure eliminates major weaknesses of previous approaches to thought-stopping. First used to help young retarded children to reduce anxiety about dental treatments, our thought-stopping procedure can be applied successfully to a diverse group of impending pediatric pain situations. It has proved successful with short-term, acute care patients as well as with chronically ill children who require continuing care. Detailed examples of specific applications of this procedure are provided, along with a possible explanation for its efficacy.
Cocaine in the 1990s

Despite significant reductions, cocaine consumption remains a formidable problem in the 1990s. In 1991, 6.4 million people over 12 years old used cocaine within the past year.1 Among high school seniors in the class of 1991, 7.8% have used cocaine.2 The cost of treating infants exposed to cocaine is estimated to be $500 million a year.3 Hospital emergency room mentions of cocaine increased in the first two quarters of 1991 to 47,652 from 41,306 in 1990.4
Osmotic consolidation of suspensions and gels

An osmotic method for the consolidation of suspensions of ceramic particles is demonstrated. Concentrated solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) are separated from a suspension of ceramic particles by a semipermeable membrane, creating a gradient in solvent chemical potential. Solvent passes from the suspension into the polymer solution, lowering its free energy and consolidating the suspension. Dispersions of stable 8-nm hydrous zirconia particles were consolidated to over 47% by volume. Suspensions of α–alumina in three states of aggregation (dispersed, weakly flocculated, and strongly flocculated) were consolidated to densities greater than or equal to those produced in conventional pressure filtration. Moreover, the as–consolidated alumina bodies were partially drained of fluid during the osmotic consolidation process, producing cohesive partially dried bodies with improved handling characteristics.
Effects of Timing of Administration and Dose of Difluoromethylornithine on Rat Colonic Carcinogenesis

During azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic carcinogenesis in rats, biphasic induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity occurs in the colonic mucosa. The relative contributions of these two phases of ODC induction to the carcinogenesis process were examined by studying the effects of the specific ODC inhibitor, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), administered during either the initial phase of ODC increase or during both phases continuously. The effects of 1% and 0.25% DFMO administered continuously were also compared. Continuous oral administration of DFMO at 1% (approximately 8 mg/g body wt/wk) and 0.25% (approximately 2 mg/g body wt/wk) produced 93% inhibition of ODC induction by AOM in the right and left colons throughout the study. Despite suppression of ODC activity to near-normal levels, colon tumor incidence at 26 weeks in the right colon was not affected by either initial-phase or continuous administration of DFMO. In contrast, tumor incidence in the left colon was reduced from 35% to 5% by DFMO given continuously at doses of both 1% and 0.25% over the entire 26 weeks (P less than .05). No significant reduction in left colon tumor incidence resulted from the short initial 11-week course of DFMO although the tumor incidence was reduced (15% vs. 35%). Results suggest that the second ("post-initiation") phase of ODC induction may be of particular importance in carcinogenesis.
Simple technique for distinguishing Yellow-bellied Flycatchers from Cordilleran and Pacific-slope flycatchers

Flycatchers of the genus Empidonax are readily misidentified in the field, in the hand, and even in museum collections. We describe a novel plumage feature that can be used to distinguish Yellow-bellied Flycatchers (E. flaviventris) from the two species that comprise the Western Flycatcher complex, Cordilleran Flycatchers (E. occidentalis) and Pacific-slope Flycatchers (E. difficilis). The length of the buffy fringing on the anterior edge of each secondary feather, visible on the folded wing, is significantly shorter in Yellow-bellied Flycatchers than in Western flycatchers, with minimal overlap. A definitive identification can be made using a simple formula that includes measurements of wing chord and the length of the buffy fringing along the outer edge of the first secondary (S1). This method provides definitive in-hand identification, and the difference in length of the buffy fringing on the secondaries is also a useful field mark for visual identification. Testing our method with 113 museum specimens that had been identified ap rioribased on locality, we correctly identified 112 specimens. The exception was a specimen from Illinois that had been assumed to be a Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. However, based on our formula, it was a Western flycatcher and analysis of its mtDNA sequence confirmed this result, proving the utility of our method. RESUMEN. Tsimple para distinguir al Mosquetero vientre amarillo de los mos-
Fluorescence Spectroscopy: An Adjunct Diagnostic Tool to Image-Guided Core Needle Biopsy of the Breast

We explored the use of a fiber-optic probe for in vivo fluorescence spectroscopy of breast tissues during percutaneous image-guided breast biopsy. A total of 121 biopsy samples with accompanying histological diagnosis were obtained clinically and investigated in this study. The tissue spectra were analyzed using partial least-squares analysis and represented using a set of principal components (PCs) with dramatically reduced data dimension. For nonmalignant tissue samples, a set of PCs that account for the largest amount of variance in the spectra displayed correlation with the percent tissue composition. For all tissue samples, a set of PCs was identified using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test as showing statistically significant differences between: 1) malignant and fibrous/benign; 2) malignant and adipose; and 3) malignant and nonmalignant breast samples. These PCs were used to distinguish malignant from other nonmalignant tissue types using a binary classification scheme based on both linear and nonlinear support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR). For the sample set investigated in this study, the SVM classifier provided a cross-validated sensitivity and specificity of up to 81% and 87%, respectively, for discrimination between malignant and fibrous/benign samples, and up to 81% and 81%, respectively, for discriminating between malignant and adipose samples. Classification based on LR was used to generate receiver operator curves with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87 for discriminating malignant versus fibrous/benign tissues, and an AUC of 0.84 for discriminating malignant from adipose tissue samples. This study demonstrates the feasibility of performing fluorescence spectroscopy during clinical core needle breast biopsy, and the potential of this technique for identifying breast malignancy in vivo.
Significance of lineation and minor folds near major thrust faults in the southern Appalachians and the British and Norwegian Caledonides

The Blue Ridge thrust sheet is one of the principal thrust masses of metamorphic rocks in the southern Appalachians. A broad zone of sheared and retrogressively metamorphosed rocks near the sole of the thrust sheet around the Grandfather Mountain window displays numerous small tight or isoclinal folds having axes subparallel to an intense penetrative cataclastic a lineation and axial planes parallel to foliation in the thrust sheet. These folds seem to have formed by tightening, flattening, and passive rotation of earlier more open folds originally formed perpendicular to the direction of transport. The style and orientation of these folds closely resemble those of analogous structures in thrust masses of crystalline rocks in the Caledonian orogenic belt in Scotland and Norway, suggesting that the structures of both regions may have similar origins.
Future Expansion of the Lightning Surveillance System at the Kennedy Space Center and the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, USA

The NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and the Air Force Eastern Range (ER) use data from two cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning detection networks, the Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Surveillance System (CGLSS) and the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), and a volumetric mapping array, the lightning detection and ranging II (LDAR II) system. These systems are used to monitor and characterize lightning that is potentially hazardous to launch or ground operations and hardware. These systems are not perfect and both have documented missed lightning events when compared to the existing lightning surveillance system at Launch Complex 39B (LC39B). Because of this finding it is NASA's plan to install a lightning surveillance system around each of the active launch pads sharing site locations and triggering capabilities when possible. This paper shows how the existing lightning surveillance system at LC39B has performed in 2011 as well as the plan for the expansion around all active pads.
Infusing two models of evaluation into a military environment: A case study

Determining the worth and effectiveness of training used within a military environment is the same accountability responsibility that educational organizations, businesses, and social agencies are charged with for improving programs and services to society. The need for accountability implies the process of evaluation, particularly in governmental training programs. This article provides a case study, blueprint, and action plan for the infusion of two evaluation models as the foundation for determining the effectiveness of training within a military application.
Neuropsychological deficits associated with driving performance in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease

Neuropsychological and motor deficits in Parkinson's disease that may contribute to driving impairment were examined in a cohort study comparing patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to healthy elderly controls. Nondemented individuals with Parkinson's disease [Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stage I-III], patients with Alzheimer's disease [Clinical Demetia Rating scale (CDR) range 0-1], and elderly controls, who were actively driving, completed a neuropsychological battery and a standardized road test administered by a professional driving instructor. On-road driving ability was rated on number of driving errors and a global rating of safe, marginal, or unsafe. Overall, Alzheimer's patients were more impaired drivers than Parkinson's patients. Parkinson's patients distinguished themselves from other drivers by a head-turning deficiency. Drivers with neuropsychological impairment were more likely to be unsafe drivers in both disease groups compared to controls. Compared to controls, unsafe drivers with Alzheimer's disease were impaired across all neuropsychological measures except finger tapping. Driving performance in Parkinson's patients was related to disease severity (H&Y), neuropsychological measures [Rey Osterreith Complex Figure (ROCF), Trails B, Hopkins Verbal List Learning Test (HVLT)-delay], and specific motor symptoms (axial rigidity, postural instability), but not to the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score. Multifactorial measures (ROCF, Trails B) were useful in distinguishing safe from unsafe drivers in both patient groups.
Autumn morning flights of migrant songbirds in the northeastern United States are linked to nocturnal migration and winds aloft

ABSTRACT Many passerines that typically migrate at night also engage in migratory flights just after sunrise. These widely observed “morning flights” often involve birds flying in directions other than those aimed toward their ultimate destinations, especially in coastal areas. Morning flights have received little formal investigation, and their study may improve our understanding of how birds orient themselves during and after nocturnal movements and how they use stopover habitat. We studied autumn morning flights in the northeastern United States to identify associations between the number of birds undertaking morning flights and the magnitude of nocturnal migratory movements, nocturnal winds, and local topography. Our analyses included observations of more than 15,000 passerines at 7 locations. We found positive relationships between morning flight size and nocturnal migration density and winds aloft: Significantly more birds flew following larger nocturnal movements, quantified from weather surveillan...
Scaling the Unscalable: A Case Study on the AlphaServer SC

A case study of the optimization of a climate modeling application on the Compaq AlphaServer SC at the Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center is used to illustrate tools and techniques that are important to achieving good performance scaling.
Design and analysis of SET circuits: using MATLAB modules and SIMON

This paper describes two MATLAB modules which have been developed for enhancing SIMON, a Monte Carlo simulator for single electron technology (SET) circuits. The first module facilitates the hierarchical design of larger SET circuits, and has: (i) a sub-module that builds a larger circuit - starting from a library of gates; while (ii) another sub-module allows for an easier specification of the input signals. The second module allows for the statistical analysis of SET circuits. The usefulness of the two modules has already been established through: (i) the design, simulation, and characterization of an advanced 16-bit capacitive SET threshold logic adder; (ii) the comparison of many different SET full adders; (iii) an analysis of the sensitivity to variations of different SET gates; and (iv) an analysis of a novel fault-tolerant architecture based on multiplexing.
Pharmacists' perceptions of a live continuing education program comparing distance learning versus local learning.

Abstract Background Constraints in geography and time require cost efficiencies in professional development for pharmacists. Distance learning, with its growing availability and lower intrinsic costs, will likely become more prevalent. Objective The objective of this nonexperimental, postintervention study was to examine the perceptions of pharmacists attending a continuing education program. One group participated in the live presentation, whereas the second group joined via a simultaneous webcast. Methods After the presentation, both groups were surveyed with identical questions concerning their perceptions of their learning environment, course content, and utility to their work. Comparisons across group responses to the summated scales were conducted through the use of Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results Analysis of the data showed that both the distance and local groups were demographically similar and that both groups were satisfied with the presentation method, audio and visual quality, and both felt that they would be able to apply what they learned in their practice. However, the local group was significantly more satisfied with the learning experience. Conclusions Distance learning does provide a viable and more flexible method for pharmacy professional development, but does not yet replace the traditional learning environment in all facets of learner preference.
Racial Threat and Social Control: A Test of The Political, Economic, and Threat of Black Crime Hypotheses

The often observed association between the size of the black population and the amount of social control imposed on blacks has been interpreted as consistent with one of three conceptually distinct perspectives: (1) the political threat hypothesis, (2) the economic threat hypothesis, and (3) the threat of black crime hypothesis. Although these three hypotheses advance differing conceptualizations of threat, adjudicating between them has proven difficult. The current study uses county-level data drawn from South Carolina's National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), race-specific voting data, and demographic data to investigate the validity of each of these racial threat hypotheses. Results from a pooled cross-sectional time-series analysis show that black-on-white crime has a substantive positive effect on black arrest levels. In contrast, no such effect is observed for black-on-black crime. These findings taken together furnish strong support for the threat of black crime hypothesis. The curvilinear relationship between the ratio of black-to-white votes cast in a general election and black arrest levels hypothesized by the political threat hypothesis does not hold for the data analyzed. Additionally, we find no empirical support for the economic threat hypothesis. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Face and resilience in divorce The impact on emotions, stress, and post-divorce relationships

Facework and resilience frameworks were employed to examine threats to, and the protection of, marital partners’ identity during divorce and as they relate to outcomes associated with divorce. Divorced participants (N = 103) reported on the communicative face threats and support during divorce, reporting greater positive face threat and negative facework during divorce. The non-initiator experienced negative outcomes, including negative face threat and negative emotion, but reported no differences in stress when compared to the initiator or mutual decision makers. In addition, positive face threats and facework during divorce predicted post-divorce relationships. Specifically, low positive face threat and high positive face support were related to divorcees’ inclination to engage in positive interpersonal relationships after the divorce.
Design and fabrication of RF MEMS capacitive switch on silicon substrate with advanced IC interconnect technology

Much previous research focuses on RF MEMS capacitive switches, which present good performance at microwave frequency. However, these switches are fabricated using conventional MEMS technology, which is not compatible with standard silicon CMOS processes. In this paper, a novel concept of a RF MEMS capacitive switch design and fabrication is introduced, which involves advanced Cu/SiO/sub 2/ interconnect technology and may be integrated with other RF passive components in the interconnect process. A series of RF MEMS capacitive switch structures are designed and fabricated. FIB, AFM and electrical measurements have been incorporated to perform characterization and to demonstrate its success.
Development of dengue DNA vaccines

Vaccination with plasmid DNA against infectious pathogens including dengue is an active area of investigation. By design, DNA vaccines are able to elicit both antibody responses and cellular immune responses capable of mediating long-term protection. Great technical improvements have been made in dengue DNA vaccine constructs and trials are underway to study these in the clinic. The scope of this review is to highlight the rich history of this vaccine platform and the work in dengue DNA vaccines accomplished by scientists at the Naval Medical Research Center. This work resulted in the only dengue DNA vaccine tested in a clinical trial to date. Additional advancements paving the road ahead in dengue DNA vaccine development are also discussed.
Biochemical abnormalities in spinal cord myelin and CNS homogenates in heterozygotes affected by the shiverer mutation.

: Myelin was purified from the spinal cords of normal mice and mice heterozygous for the shiverer mutation, and measurements were made of the major myelin proteins and lipids and the specific activities of three myelin-associated enzymes. The myelin purified from the spinal cords of the heterozygotes (shi/+) was deficient by 30–40% in yield and had an apparently unique composition. In particular, when compared with normal mouse spinal cord myelin, there were more high-molecular-weight protein, less myelin basic protein, a higher protein-to-lipid ratio, and higher specific activities of 2′,3′-cycIic nucleotide-3′-phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.4.37) and carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1) in the myelin purified from the shi/+ animals. These abnormalities were reflected in the composition of shi/+ whole spinal cord, where the protein-to-lipid ratio was intermediate between the respective values for +/+ and shil shi spinal cords. Whole brains from shi/+ mice showed deficiencies in galactocerebroside and galactocerebroside sulfate and an increase in total phospholipid, and the lipid composition in the brains of the shi/shi mice was similar to that reported for another dysmyelinating mutant, quaking. The findings provide the first values for the lipids in normal mouse spinal cord myelin and show that heterozygotes are affected by the shiverer mutation. The observations imply that there can be considerable deviation from the normal CNS myelin content and composition without apparent qualitative morphological abnormalities or loss of function and that the amount of myelin basic protein available during myelination may influence the incorporation of other constituents into the myelin membranes. This is also the first report of enrichment in pure normal myelin, over normal spinal cord homogenates, of the enzymes carbonic anhydrase and 5′-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5).
Neurochemistry as a bridge between morphology and behavior: Perspectives on aggression in insects

Aggression is a common behavioral trait shared in many animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. How- ever, the type and intensity of agonistic encounters and displays can vary widely both across and within species, resulting in complicated or subjective interpretations that create difficulties in developing theoretical models that can be widely applied. The need to easily and objectively identify quantifiable behaviors and their associated morphologies becomes especially important when attempting to decipher the neurological mechanisms underlying this complex behavior. Monoamines, neuropeptides, and pheromones have been implicated as important neuromodulators for agonistic displays in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Ad- ditionally, recent breakthroughs in insect research have revealed exciting proximate mechanisms important in aggression that may be broadly relevant, due to the relatively high conservation of these neurochemical systems across animal taxa. In this review, we present the latest research demonstrating the importance of monoamines, neuropeptides, and pheromones as neuromodulators for aggression across a variety of insect species. Additionally, we describe the stalk-eyed fly as a model system for studying aggres- sion, which integrates physiological, morphological, and neurochemical approaches in exploring detailed mechanisms responsi- ble for this common yet complex behavior. We conclude with our perspective on the most promising lines of future research aimed at understanding the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying aggressive behaviors (Current Zoology 60 (6): 778- 790, 2014 ).
Case of Intraoperative New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common perioperative cardiac arrhythmias. It is notable for an irregularly irregular pulse and a lack of P waves on electrocardiogram (EKG). Predisposing factors include hypertension, valvular disease, coronary artery disease, and hyperthyroidism, as well as many other conditions. Acute intraoperative management focuses on maintaining hemodynamic stability and establishing adequate pharmacologic heart rate control. In certain unstable situations, urgent synchronized electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation may be necessary.
Empowered to stop smoking: The impact of a SDT smoking cessation intervention on economically disadvantaged whites and blacks

1012 Background: Few studies have examined the potential influence of an empowering Self Determination Theory (SDT) intervention on reducing smoking behaviors and outcomes for Whites and Blacks. Ob...
Abstract 604: Erucin treatment through induction of thioredoxin reductase may alter tamoxifen resistance in LCC2 cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Tamoxifen-resistant growth is a considerable problem in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. While the mechanisms of tamoxifen do not rely on an increase in oxidants, reactive oxygen species have been shown to increase with tamoxifen treatment, and tamoxifen-resistance coincides with a high intracellular oxidant state. We postulate that the chronic use of tamoxifen leads to a pro-oxidant environment in cells, leading to tamoxifen resistance. Here we present data that show that increasing a reduced state in the cell through an induction of thioredoxin reductase and subsequent reduction of oxidized thioredoxin, may restore tamoxifen sensitivity to previously resistant LCC2 cells. The isothiocyanate erucin has been found to increase thioredoxin reductase in MCF-7 cells. As such, we tested this in the MCF-7 derivative cell line LCC2, which is sensitive to fulvestrant but resistant to tamoxifen. We found that erucin not only increases expression of thioredoxin reductase, but also increased expression of thioredoxin in LCC2 cells. Erucin treatment led to a decrease in DNA synthesis, as measured by BrdU incorporation. In vitro tumor formation, as measured by colony count with soft agar colony formation assay, was also decreased in tamoxifen-treated cells after erucin treatment. Western blotting shows an increase in p27 with erucin treatment, and probing for p27 in a Jab1 immunoprecipitation shows a decrease in p27/Jab1 interactions after erucin treatment, similar to the effects of fulvestrant in these cells. These data support our hypothesis that altering thioredoxin's redox status can affect the sensitivity of tamoxifen to previously resistant cells, and this alteration may be through the p27/Jab1/thioredoxin pathway. Supported by BCRP-funded project W81XWH-07-1-0417, BC060125. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 604.
A Manometric Test for Oxygen Absorption by Vulcanized Rubber

Abstract An apparatus can be set up in laboratory glassware that will confirm the results obtained by Dufraisse in his manometric test for oxygen absorption. It has been shown that different rubber compounds possess different tendencies to absorb oxygen. It has also been shown that the differences in the rate at which rubber compounds absorb oxygen are comparable with those differences found in the rate of tensile-strength deterioration of the same compounds aged in the oxygen bomb. This modified Dufraisse manometric method is convenient, efficient, accurate and, above all, a speedy method for measuring the relative aging behavior of vulcanized rubber compounds. Within two hours it is possible to have the results by this method, whereas it is necessary to wait from four days to two weeks for such information by the oxygen bomb method.
Characteristics of Lightning-induced Magnetic Anomalies in Low-altitude Aeromagnetic Data

A low altitude helicopter magnetic survey for unexploded ordnance in New Mexico revealed several magnetic anomalies that were likely induced by lightning strikes. Lightningstrike magnetic anomalies are not necessarily rare, but are often widely spaced. Detailed examples are not often reported because ground geophysical surveys may not cover enough area to detect one, and traditional airborne surveys, which do cover large areas, are carried out at an altitude and line spacing which does not appropriately outline the shape of the lightning strike anomaly. However, very low-level (1-3m altitude) airborne magnetic surveys have data densities similar to ground geophysical surveys, yet cover much larger areas. Lightning anomalies appear in magnetic data as radial arms emanating from a central strike point. Each arm has distinct positive and negative lobes. Anomaly amplitudes in the area ranged from roughly -25 to 20 nT/m. In the area surveyed, the presumed lightning-strike anomaly density was about one per 20 hectares. This is a conservative estimate, as we counted only the obvious anomalies. The character of the lightning anomalies changes with an increase in survey altitude or with wider line spacing, making their identification as lightning-induced anomalies less obvious.
RF plasma synthesis of YBa2Cu3O7−x powders

Fine powders of YBa2Cu3O7−x have been synthesized by injecting mixed nitrate solutions of yttrium, barium, and copper into an argon rf thermal plasma. In general, the as-produced powders were dark brown and nonconducting. To obtain superconductivity, the as-produced powders were annealed either in a flowing oxygen tube furnace (at ∼900‡C) or in a lowpressure oxygen rf plasma. X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and centrifugal sedimentation were used for powder characterization. For resistance measurements, bulk samples were prepared by isostatic pressing and tube furnace sintering of the annealed powders. The superconducting transition temperature (at 50% drop of resistivity) was ∼86 K.
Geography and the Military: Notes for a Debate

In the United States, Geography and the military have never been far apart. Their intertwined history has been essential to the discipline's institutional reproduction and the workings of U.S. imperialism. Recent instances of militarism in Geography return this history to the fore, posing a number of challenges. They demonstrate the futility of geographical research for its own sake, naively assuming that knowledge of the world produced by geographers is inherently neutral. That same attitude leaves Geography powerless to confront its utility to the military, treating the discipline's militarization as an inevitable coincidence. The current appearance of militarism in U.S. Geography proves both positions untenable. Confronting the extent of this relationship, both past and present, draws attention to how militarism shapes Geography's objects of inquiry and methods of research. That effort must be matched by documentation of the variety of ways in which geographical knowledge is appropriated for military e...
''The desire not to know'' as a challenge to teaching

This article discusses Wilfred Bion's concept of −k (the desire not to know) as a term useful for understanding classroom experience. It offers some examples of −k as the author has seen it operate in his classroom and others. The article argues that Bion's −k can help teachers to understand the crucial relationships between the emotional contexts for thought and the production of the ideational contents that we term thinking.
Physiological Indexes of Driving Adaptability in The CRH Drivers

[Objective]To understand the psychological and physical laws of EMU locomotive crew,and study the detection content and method of driving adaption.[Methods]Occupational health examination,questionnaire and driving adaption test were adopted for comprehensive study.[Results]With regard to satisfaction towards the driving environment and other 4 aspects,the levels in the CRH drivers group were generally higher than those in the diesel drivers group(P0.05).While the mood of keeping happy and other 2 aspects in the CRH drivers group were lower than those in the diesel group(P0.05).Both blood pressure and the incidence of sinus tachycardia in the CRH drivers group were lower than that those in the diesel drivers(P0.05).The average score of naked eye sight,the average score of dynamic vision in the CRH drivers group were higher than those in the diesel drivers group(P0.05),while the average score of depth vision,frequency of misjudgment to complex reaction,speed assessment were lower(P0.05).With the extending length of service,the scores of factors including blood pressure,stereoscopic vision and frequency of misjudgment to complex reaction in the 2 groups increased(P0.05),and as for the diesel drivers,their left vision and night vision increased(P0.05).[Conclusion]The examination of driving adaptability towards indexes of psychological and physical indicators,perception and behaviour analysis can help to choose qualified stewards of the CRH and ensure the safety of railway transportation.
Light-Harvesting and Photoprotection by Carotenoids: Structure-Based Calculations for Photosynthetic Antenna Systems

Carotenoids play a key role in photosynthetic antenna complexes. In LH2 of purple bacteria, carotenoids act as light-absorbers in the blue-green region of the spectrum. Absorption of a photon is followed by rapid singlet excitation energy transfer to bacteriochlorophyll (BCh1). In addition to their light-harvesting role, carotenoids photoprotect antenna complexes, i.e., they prevent the formation of photo-oxidizing singlet oxygen by quenching BChl triplet states through triplet excitation transfer. The energy levels of carotenoids and BChls depicted in Fig. 1 suggest four possible channels for singlet excitation transfer from carotenoids, namely, transfer from the strongly absorbing 1B u + state of carotenoid to the B850 BChl Qx state (channel I) and transfer from the optically forbidden carotenoid 2Ag-; state to the Qy state of B850 BChl (channel III). Transfer from carotenoid can also occur to B800 BChl, either through 1B u + → B800 Qx (channel II) or 2A g - → B800 Qy (channel IV) transfer. B800 BChl then transfers excitation to the B850 BChl ring.
Validation of the WRF-CMAQ Two-Way Model with Aircraft Data and High Resolution MODIS Data in the CA 2008 Wildfire Case

A new WRF-CMAQ two-way coupled model was developed to provide a pathway for chemical feedbacks from the air quality model to the meteorological model. The essence of this interaction is focused on the direct radiative effects of scattering and absorbing aerosols in the troposphere that in turn affect radiation calculations in the meteorological model, WRF. We tested this two-way coupled model with a high aerosol loading episode resulting from a wildfire outbreak in California in June 2008. We evaluate various aspects of the model with traditional statistical approaches, a comparison with radiation measurements, and AOD measurements from high resolution (500 m) MODIS data.
Friday evening, August 13, 2010—Lafayette, IN

Karyn’s slender figure appeared naked. For the most part it was uncovered. Only her peach-colored thong hid her dark blonde pubic hair.
Behavioral Treatments for Pediatric Insomnia

Pediatric insomnia, defined as chronic and clinically significant difficulty with initiating and/or maintaining sleep in children and adolescents, can profoundly impact functioning and well-being on both the child and their family. Behavioral interventions for insomnia in pediatric populations have been shown to be highly effective. This review expands upon this growing literature by summarizing the studies that have examined behavioral treatments for insomnia in children and adolescents published since 2013. Three themes emerge: (1) how pediatric insomnia is being treated in health settings; (2) efforts to adapt treatment to unique patient populations; and (3) the development of novel delivery methods for effective dissemination of treatment. Recommendations for important future clinical research questions are discussed.
Anti HTLV-III and Anti T-Cell Antibodies in AIDS and ARC Patients

The number of surface immunoglobulins (SIg)-positive lymphocytes was found to increase when normal lymphocytes were incubated with sera of AIDS or ARC patients. These circulating antilymphocyte antibodies were selectively reactive with 0KT4- but not with 0KT8-staining T-cells. In the present study, AIDS, ARC and control patients were evaluated for antilymphocyte antibodies, anti HTLV-III antibodies and helper/suppressor (h/s) T-cell ratios. In the AIDS group, 23 of 24 patients had circulating HTLV-III antibodies, 24 of 24 showed markedly decreased h/s T-cell ratios and 19 of 21 patients showed marked elevation of anti-lymphocyte antibodies. In contrast, in control patients, none of 14 had HTLV-III antibodies, 13 of 14 had normal h/s T-cell ratios and 3 of 11 showed small increases in antilymphocyte antibodies. In the ARC group, 16 of 16 had circulating anti HTLV-III antibodies. 11 of 15 had decreased h/s T-cell ratios and 6 of 11 showed elevated anti T-cell antibodies. The correlations obtained between these tests and clinical diagnoses indicate their potential usefulness in the detection and monitoring of AIDS and ARC patients.
The Effect of CoSi2 Formation Process on the CMOS Transistor Electrical Properties for Sub 100nm Memory Applications

We investigated the effect of various processing conditions on the abnormal CoSi2 formation and the electrical properties in real sub 100nm ULSI devices. We tried to check the full chip level drain leakage current (DLC_chip), and unit transistor level drain leakage current(DLC_unit). It was found that with varying dopant species and concentration, the source-drain junction depth, dopant spatial distribution and local electric field could change, which brought about the drain leakage current(DLC) phenomenon.. When we used the Ti/TiN capping layer and hot temperature PVD, the abnormal growth was suppressed and the interface became smooth. For electrical properties, the DLC_chip of both cases showed the significant improvement, however, the DLC_unit showed a negligible change. We concluded that, in spite of the degradation of DLC in typical transistor, the overall level of DLC_chip has improved due to the significantly decreased amount of defective sites like abnormal growth.
Promoting Health Through Tai Chi: Results From A Controlled Study

This study examined the effects of a 6-month Tai Chi exercise program on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in older individuals. Using a randomized controlled trial, ninety-four local community-residing volunteers aged 65-96 (M age = 72.8 years, SD = 5.1) were randomly assigned to a 6-month, twice a week, Tai Chi condition or a wait-list control condition. The Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-20) was used to assess change in multiple dimensions of health status involving physical-, social-, and rolefunctioning, bodily pain, mental health, and health perceptions. Results showed that, compared to the control group, participants in the Tai Chi group reported significant improvements in all functional domains of HRQL over the course of the 6-month intervention. It was concluded that a 6-month Tai Chi exercise program is effective for improving HRQL among older adults. Tai Chi, a self-paced and low intensity activity appears to be an effective, low-cost approach for promoting health in older persons.
Ordered Linked Lists

Ordered linked lists are discussed in this chapter. The insert method is created by carefully looking at inserting in the middle, end, and beginning of a linked list, as well as in an empty list. The delete method is examined and is left as an exercise. Doubly linked lists as well as an inner class are introduced and the complete program implements a list of user defined objects.
Vital Signs: Asthma in Children - United States, 2001-2016.

BACKGROUND Asthma is the most common chronic lung disease of childhood, affecting approximately 6 million children in the United States. Although asthma cannot be cured, most of the time, asthma symptoms can be controlled by avoiding or reducing exposure to asthma triggers (allergens and irritants) and by following recommendations for asthma education and appropriate medical care. METHODS CDC analyzed asthma data from the 2001-2016 National Health Interview Survey for children aged 0-17 years to examine trends and demographic differences in health outcomes and health care use. RESULTS Asthma was more prevalent among boys (9.2%) than among girls (7.4%), children aged ≥5 years (approximately 10%) than children aged <5 years (3.8%), non-Hispanic black (black) children (15.7%) and children of Puerto Rican descent (12.9%) than among non-Hispanic white (white) children (7.1%), and children living in low income families (10.5%) than among those living in families with income ≥250% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) (approximately 7%). Asthma prevalence among children increased from 8.7% in 2001 to 9.4% in 2010, and then decreased to 8.3% in 2016. Although not all changes were statistically significant, a similar pattern was observed among subdemographic groups studied, with the exception of Mexican/Mexican-American children, among whom asthma prevalence increased from 5.1% in 2001 to 6.5% in 2016. Among children with asthma, the percentage who had an asthma attack in the past 12 months declined significantly from 2001 to 2016. Whereas asthma prevalence was lower among children aged 0-4 years than among older children, the prevalence of asthma attacks (62.4%), emergency department or urgent care center (ED/UC) visits (31.1%), and hospitalization (10.4%) were higher among children with asthma aged 0-4 years than among those aged 12-17 years (44.8%, 9.6%, and 2.8%, respectively). During 2013, children with asthma aged 5-17 years missed 13.8 million days of school per year (2.6 days per child). Compared with 2003, in 2013, the prevalence of adverse health outcomes and health care use were significantly lower and the prevalence of having an action plan to manage asthma was higher. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE Asthma remains an important public health and medical problem. The health of children with asthma can be improved by promoting asthma control strategies, including asthma trigger reduction, appropriate guidelines-based medical management, and asthma education for children, parents, and others involved in asthma care.
Managing professional knowledge boundaries during ECHO telementoring consultations in two Veterans Affairs specialty care liver clinics: A theme-oriented discourse analysis.

IntroductionConsultations are the traditional method of communication between generalist and specialist providers managing patients with specialty care needs. Traditional written consultations have...
Secondary traumatic stress among victim advocates: prevalence and correlates

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) among victim advocates and to determine if risk factors (for the development of STS) that have...
A high-order perturbation of surfaces method for vector electromagnetic scattering by doubly layered periodic crossed gratings

Abstract The accurate simulation of scattering of electromagnetic waves in three dimensions by a diffraction grating is crucial in many applications of engineering and scientific interest. In this contribution we present a novel High-Order Perturbation of Surfaces method for the numerical approximation of vector electromagnetic scattering by a doubly periodic layered medium. For this we restate the governing time harmonic Maxwell equations as vector Helmholtz equations which are coupled by transmission boundary conditions at the layer interface. We then apply the method of Transformed Field Expansions which delivers a Fourier collocation, Legendre–Galerkin, Boundary Perturbation approach to solve the problem in transformed coordinates. A sequence of numerical simulations demonstrate the efficient and robust spectral convergence which can be achieved with the proposed algorithm.
Long-term Weed Control for Landscape Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) Trees1

Abstract Studies were conducted at the E.V. Smith Research Center in Shorter, AL (32°43′N, -85°89′W) in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate herbicides suitable for providing season-long weed control in pecan orchards. Herbicide treatments included: (1) glyphosate applied at 1.12 kg ae·ha−1 (1.0 lb ae·A−1), (2) glyphosate at 1.12 kg ae·ha−1 + indaziflam at 73.1 g ai·ha−1 (1.04 oz ai·A−1), (3) glyphosate at 1.12 kg ae·ha−1 + flumioxazin at 422 g ai·ha−1 (6.02 oz ai·A−1) + pendimethalin at 4.25 kg ai·ha−1 (3.79 lb ai·A−1), and (4) a nontreated control. Glyphosate + indaziflam provided the highest weed-free area at all rating dates, but at 150 DAT (69%) it wasn't acceptable. Glyphosate + flumioxazin + pendimethalin provided a similar weed-free area to glyphosate + indaziflam 30 DAT (88%). Index words: landscape weed control, shade trees, pecan, edible landscape. Species used in this study: Carya illinoinensis (Wang.) K. Koch ‘Desirable'. Chemicals used in this study: indaziflam (Alion®), glyphosate (Cornerstone Plus), ...
Medical Shared Decision Making with a Virtual Agent

Shared decision making (SDM) is a process in which patients and clinicians work together to make medical decisions based on clinical evidence that balances risks and expected outcomes with patient preferences and values. SDM has been advocated as the ideal model for patient decision-making in healthcare. However, SDM is rarely used in practice due, in part, to limited availability of healthcare professionals trained in these techniques. In this work, we describe the design of a virtual decision coach to help women participate in SDM about prenatal testing for Down syndrome. In a quasi-experimental evaluation study, participants demonstrated significant increases in knowledge, high levels of satisfaction with their final decision and low levels of decisional conflict and regret, indicating that virtual agents can effectively perform in the role of decision coach and facilitate the implementation of SDM.
Peri-adolescent alcohol consumption increases sensitivity and dopaminergic response to nicotine during adulthood in female alcohol-preferring (P) rats: Alterations to α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression.

Abstract Adolescent alcohol drinking has been linked to increased risk for drug abuse during adulthood. Nicotine microinjected directly into the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA) stimulates dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a potent regulator of dopaminergic activity in the pVTA. The current experiments examined the effects of peri-adolescent ethanol (EtOH) drinking on the ability of intra-pVTA nicotine to stimulate DA release during adulthood and alterations in α7 nAChR expression within the pVTA. Alcohol-preferring (P) female rats consumed EtOH and/or water during adolescence (post-natal day [PND] 30–60) or adulthood (PND 90–120). Thirty days following removal of EtOH, subjects received microinjections of 1 µM, 10 µM, or 50 µM nicotine into the pVTA concurrently with microdialysis for extracellular DA in the NAc shell. Brains were harvested from an additional cohort after PND 90 for quantification of α7 nAChR within the pVTA. The results indicated that only adolescent EtOH consumption produced a leftward and upward shift in the dose response curve for nicotine to stimulate DA release in the NAc shell. Investigation of α7 nAChR expression within the pVTA revealed a significant increase in animals that consumed EtOH during adolescence compared to naive animals. The data suggests that peri-adolescent EtOH consumption produced cross-sensitization to the effects of nicotine during adulthood. The interaction between adolescent EtOH consumption and inflated adult risk for drug dependency could be predicated, at least in part, upon alterations in α7 nAChR expression within the mesolimbic reward pathway.