cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resurgent Forms in Ivan Goncharov and Alexander Veselovsky: Toward a Historical Poetics of Tragic Realism

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, I would like to summon historical poetics, as delineated by Alexander Veselovsky in particular, in order to shed light on the function of some oddly atavistic but crucial sections of Ivan Goncharov's last novel, The Precipice (Obryv, 1869). The sections, I will argue, have been unjustifiably dismissed by generations of critics as simply falling short of Goncharov's realist best. An approach informed by the methodology of historical poetics, however, allows us to read them as key to the formation of Goncharov's particular brand of “tragic realism,” a paradoxical but exigent and fruitful hybrid, born of the formal and thematic contradictions of the late realist novel. In the second part of this article, I reverse the direction of the inquiry to suggest some ways in which The Precipice, read through the prism of historical poetics, can reveal the symbolic-affective stakes of Veselovsky's own project. This will involve having historical poetics interrogate itself – an undertaking Veselovsky would perhaps have been open to and one that allows us to appreciate significant historically rooted parallels between these roughly contemporary projects: the methodology and the novel.
On computational methods for dynamic and static optimization

In the 1960s the joint impact of fast digital computers and the space age stimulated the ingenuity of a number of researchers in optimization and prompted them to invent new and/or better (faster, more elegant) methods for solving, numerically, optimization problems of different types. Two areas that received much attention were trajectory optimization and parameter optimization. That is, the computational problems of determining optimal trajectories (generally, functions of time) and optimal parameter values by minimizing (maximizing) appropriate performance criteria.
Localized effects of dynamic melt manipulation on flow induced orientation and mechanical performance of injection molded products

This study investigates the effects that dynamic melt manipulation based injection molding has on the locally induced molecular orientation and tensile strength of injection molded polystyrene. Melt manipulation refers to a process where the polymer melt is manipulated during molding beyond the extent normally encountered in conventional injection molding. The specific melt manipulation process investigated in this article is vibration assisted injection molding, where a conventional injection molding machine is augmented by oscillating the injection screw (in the axial direction) during the injection and packing phases of the molding cycle. The localized final molecular orientation and morphology that results dictates the resultant product response, and typically improved mechanical properties are observed. Specimens with molecular orientation distributed more uniformly along the gage length typically exhibited higher tensile strength than samples with a gradient of orientation along the gage length. Smaller test specimens machined along the gage length of larger molded specimens showed dramatic tensile strength increase in the regions of higher melt manipulation, further supporting the promise of this novel processing methodology. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1912–1919, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Health physics concerns in commercial aviation.

Airline pilots and flight attendants are occupationally exposed to cosmic radiation. There has been uncertainty about how to handle the radiation protection requirements of their unique situation. Calculated dose equivalents associated with typical flight routes and crewmember work patterns have recently been published. The results show that flight attendants and pilots on ordinary subsonic aircraft can receive annual doses approaching 10 mSv y-1. I argue that flight crewmembers should receive specific education regarding the risks to their health from radiation exposure. I also argue that a suitable dosimeter system should be employed to provide crewmembers with information on their total doses. This is of particular importance for pregnant crewmembers who risk exceeding recommended fetal dose limits by working some routes during their pregnancy. In addition to airline crewmembers, business "frequent flyers" may receive significant occupational exposures while traveling. They too need appropriate education in order to assist them in assessing their risks from such exposures. Finally, flying during a large solar proton event would significantly increase the dose that would be received. During such an event, the total dose to the fetus of a pregnant crewmember or passenger might exceed the 0.5 mSv recommended monthly maximum. Warnings and action plans for these special circumstances should be improved. Language: en
Cloud field reflectance variations traceable to finite cloud effects

Variations in cloud field reflectances resulting from the organization of clouds within a cloud field are examined using a cloud field optical simulator. The problem of changing spot size is studied as a function of view angle for a fixed field of view detector. Also, problems associated with the assumption of isotropy are discussed and the effect of cloud interactions within cloud fields is investigated. The results show that radiance variation increases when the photodiodes measure radiances from portions of cloud fields which move in and out of the fields of view as the position of the photodiode changes. In addition, the experiments reveal several factors that are important in the determination of accurate reflectances.
Photoaffinity labeling of retinoic acid-binding proteins

Abstract Retinoid-binding proteins are essential mediators of vitamin A function in vertebrate organisms. They solubilize and stabilize retinoids, and they direct the intercellular and intracellular trafficking, transport, and metabolic function of vitamin A compounds in vision and in growth and development. Although many soluble retinoid-binding proteins and receptors have been purified and extensively characterized, relatively few membrane-associated enzymes and other proteins that interact with retinoids have been isolated and studied, due primarily to their inherent instabilities during purification. In an effort to identify and purify previously uncharacterized retinoid-binding proteins, it is shown that radioactively labeled all-trans-retinoic acid can be used as a photoaffinity labeling reagent to specifically tag two known retinoic acid-binding proteins, cellular retinoic acid-binding protein and albumin, in complex mixtures of cytosolic proteins. Additionally, a number of other soluble and membrane-associated proteins that bind all-trans-[11,12-3H]retinoic acid with high specificity are labeled utilizing the same photoaffinity techniques. Most of these labeled proteins have molecular weights that do not correspond to any known retinoid-binding proteins. Thus, photoaffinity labeling with all-trans-retinoic acid and related photoactivatable retinoids is a method that should prove extremely useful in the identification and purification of novel soluble and membrane-associated retinoid-binding proteins from ocular and nonocular tissues.
Buckling Behavior of Individual and Bundled Microtubules

As the major structural constituent of the cytoskeleton, microtubules (MTs) serve a variety of biological functions that range from facilitating organelle transport to maintaining the mechanical integrity of the cell. Neuronal MTs exhibit a distinct configuration, hexagonally packed bundles of MT filaments, interconnected by MT-associated protein (MAP) tau. Building on our previous work on mechanical response of axonal MT bundles under uniaxial tension, this study is focused on exploring the compression scenarios. Intracellular MTs carry a large fraction of the compressive loads sensed by the cell and therefore, like any other column-like structure, are prone to substantial bending and buckling. Various biological activities, e.g., actomyosin contractility and many pathological conditions are driven or followed by bending, looping, and buckling of MT filaments. The coarse-grained model previously developed in our lab has been used to study the mechanical behavior of individual and bundled in vivo MT filaments under uniaxial compression. Both configurations show tip-localized, decaying, and short-wavelength buckling. This behavior highlights the role of the surrounding cytoplasm and MAP tau on MT buckling behavior, which allows MT filaments to bear much larger compressive forces. It is observed that MAP tau interconnections improve this effect by a factor of two. The enhanced ability of MT bundles to damp buckling waves relative to individual MT filaments, may be interpreted as a self-defense mechanism because it helps axonal MTs to endure harsher environments while maintaining their function. The results indicate that MT filaments in a bundle do not buckle simultaneously implying that the applied stress is not equally shared among the MT filaments, that is a consequence of the nonuniform distribution of MAP tau proteins along the bundle length. Furthermore, from a pathological perspective, it is observed that axonal MT bundles are more vulnerable to failure in compression than tension.
Identification of Medications That Cause Cognitive Impairment in Older People: The Case of Oxybutynin Chloride

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cognitive effects of acute challenges with the antispasmodic agent oxybutynin hydrochloride in normal older volunteers and to compare these effects with those attributable to diphenhydramine, another commonly used medication with anticholinergic (muscarinicblocking) activity. DESIGN: A double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study. SETTING: Laboratory evaluations of community subjects. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 12 volunteers, average age 69.17 years. INTERVENTION: Baseline assessment was followed by randomized administration of a placebo, oxybutynin hydrochloride (5 and 10 mg), and diphenhydramine hydrochloride (50 mg) in test sessions separated by 1 week. MEASUREMENTS: Evaluation of cognitive performance with a 1-hour battery of pencil and paper, interviewer-administered, and computer-administered tests beginning 90 minutes after drug (or placebo) administration. RESULTS: Random regression analyses demonstrated that oxybutynin caused significant cognitive decrements on seven of 15 cognitive measures, and diphenhydramine caused decrements on five measures. The most sensitive measures for detecting the effects of oxybutynin hydrochloride were the Buschke Selective Reminding Test and Reaction Time. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that oxybutynin can cause cognitive impairment and suggest that physicians prescribing it should monitor their patients to facilitate the early recognition of those who experience drug-related cognitive deficits. More generally, the findings demonstrate that systematic research with normal volunteers can identify cognitive toxicity not recognized during the process of drug development or postmarketing surveillance.
Nanoindentation studies of small-scale martensitic transformations and ductile precipitate effects in dual-phase polycrystalline shape memory alloys

Abstract A ductile solid solution phase γ is introduced into austenite β of a polycrystalline Co–Ni–Al Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) using thermal treatments. Thermally-induced martensitic transformation in this dual-phase SMA is detected by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and X-ray Diffraction. We perform nanoindentation tests using a Berkovich tip to study mechanically-induced martensitic transformations and transformation–precipitate interactions. Deviation of load–depth curve of austenite β from Hertz elastic prediction indicates initiation of plastic deformation and possibly also martensitic transformation, the occurrence of which is supported by stress analysis. Compared to non-transforming γ, strain recovery is significantly higher and percent energy dissipation is much lower in β. Indents in β but at β/γ interfaces exhibited enhanced strain recovery, higher nanohardness, and lower energy dissipation in comparison to austenite β. There is local strengthening at the β/γ interface. Additionally, γ accommodates transformation strain in nearby β by extensive plastic deformation, alleviating stress concentration beneath the indenter. The plastic accommodation by γ also relieves the constraint imposed on transforming β and decreases the energy barrier for transformation. As a result, less material deforms plastically and more transforms martensitically, improving superelastic properties in β adjacent to γ. Our results suggest that incorporation of a ductile second phase is promising for enhancing ductility and superelasticity of polycrystalline SMAs.
Book Review Gender-Based Violence: A Public Health and Human Rights Issue By M Velzeboer, E Ellsber, C Clavel Arcas, C Garcia-Moreno (2003)

Violence against Women: the Health Sector Responds 2003, Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC ISBN 92-75-12292X Journal of Psychology in Africa 2005, 15(1): 109
Arterial-end tidal PCO2 equilibration in the cat during acute hypercapnia

We have studied the problem of pulmonary capillary-alveolar CO2 exchange in the cat during acute hypercapnia. Three cats, anesthetized with xylazine and pentobarbital sodium and prepared with acute tracheostomy and femoral arterial catheter, and three awake cats, prepared with a small tracheal catheter and femoral arterial catheter, were subjected to acute hypercapnia (FICO2 = 0.00, 0.06, and 0.08). During steady states, end tidal PCO2 was determined with an infrared analyzer, and arterial PCO2 was measured with a Radiometer ABL-2 analyzer in simultaneously drawn samples. In vitro studies indicated that our blood sampling techniques resulted in a 6% reduction in PCO2. Blood PCO2 readings were corrected for (1) non-ideal performance of the analyzer as determined by tonometry, (2) 6% reduction due to sampling, and (3) differences between electrode and rectal temperature. Mean arterial-end tidal PCO2 differences were not significantly different from zero in any condition in either group (except for 0.08 CO2 in the awake group when the difference was 2.0 Torr). These findings in the cat agree with the classical view that PCO2 in pulmonary capillary blood approaches PCO2 in alveolar gas. Further, our findings provide evidence that CO2 loss from blood samples is an important technical factor which can cause systematic underestimation of blood PCO2 and, hence, contribute to the observation of negative PCO2 gradients.
ESTIMATING THE UNBIASED ESTIMATOR θ FOR POPULATION GENETIC SURVEY DATA

Abstract We consider a method of approximating Weir and Cockerham's θ, an unbiased estimator of genetic population structure, using values readily available from published studies using biased estimators (Wright's FST or Nei's GST). The estimation algorithm is shown to be useful for both model populations and real-world avian populations. However, the correlation between Wright's FST and Weir and Cockerham's θ is strong when compared among 39 empirical avian datasets. Thus, the advantage of approximating an unbiased estimator is unclear considering the small actual effect of θ's bias-removing power on empirical datasets. Corresponding Editor: S. Karl
Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background & Aims: Insulin resistance has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We hypothesized that NAFLD would be common in both obese and nonobese women with PCOS. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and identify associated factors for hepatic steatosis in women with PCOS. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 88 consecutive premenopausal women with PCOS. Clinical history, height, weight, and laboratory values were obtained. Fasting measurements of serum glucose and insulin were used to calculate homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Abdominal ultrasonography was used to determine the presence and severity of hepatic steatosis. Results: Of the 88 women (median age, 31.4 years), 48 (55%) had steatosis; 15 (39%) of them were lean women. The presence of steatosis was associated with a greater body mass index (BMI) (P = .005) and HOMA-IR (P = .033), a lower fasting high-density lipoprotein (P = .003), and a greater prevalence of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes mellitus (P = .013). Only 7 (15%) subjects with hepatic steatosis had abnormal liver chemistries. Conclusions: Fatty liver was identified in 55% of subjects with PCOS, nearly 40% of whom were lean women. High BMI and insulin resistance appeared to be important associated factors. Early recognition of NAFLD in this group of young patients is warranted, and further investigation including liver biopsy might be indicated.
Carbene-Based Lewis Pairs for Hydrogen Activation

A series of Lewis acid–base pairs containing sterically demanding carbenes were investigated for hydrogen activation that could potentially be reversible for use in hydrogen storage applications. When electron-rich boranes are employed as electrophiles, the imidazolium cation is reduced to a 2H-imidazoline (aminal). The aminals were synthesized independently by reduction of imidazolium cations with strong reducing agents. Carbocations were also found to act as electrophiles for hydrogen activation. Preliminary results revealed that it is possible to reduce an alcohol to an alkane using hydrogen gas as a reducing agent in these systems. Finally, it was demonstrated that a transition metal can be used as an electrophile to activate hydrogen through heterolytic cleavage.
Numerical experiments of axisymmetric flow in a nonuniform gravitational field

A numerical study of the steady, axisymmetric flow in a heated, rotating spherical shell is conducted to model the Atmospheric General Circulation Experiment (AGCE) proposed to run aboard a later Shuttle mission. The AGCE will consist of concentric rotating spheres confining a dielectric fluid. By imposing a dielectric field across the fluid, a radial body force will be created. The numerical solution technique is based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. In the method, a pseudospectral technique is used in the latitudinal direction; a secondorder-accurate finite-difference scheme discretizes time and radial derivatives. The performance of this numerical scheme is discussed for the AGCE, which has been modeled in the past only by pure finite-difference formulations. In addition, previous models have not investigated the effect of using a dielectric force to simulate terrestrial gravity. The effect of this dielectric force on the flowfield is investigated, as well as the effects of varying rotation rates and boundary temperatures. Among the characteristics noted are the production of larger velocities and enhanced reversals of radial temperature gradients for a body force generated by the electric field. Correlation among flowfields with uniform, inverse-square and inverse-quintic force fields is obtained using a modified Grashof number.
Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. IL. Therapeutic and prognostic value of chromosomal findings during acute phase in PHI‐positive chronic myeloid leukemia

The therapeutic response and survival after the onset of the acute crisis in 64 patients with Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were correlated with the chromosomal findings during the course of the acute phase. The patients were divided into three groups on the basis of the chromosome findings in the bone marrow, blood, and spleen: i.e. those with only a Ph1 (PP), those having two types of clones, i.e. one clone with only a Ph1 and another with additional karyotypic changes (AP), and those with only abnormal clones containing karyotypic abnormalities in addition to the Ph1 (AA). The number of patients in each group was: 22 in PP, 25 in AP and 17 in AA. The results were as follows: (1) The percentage of patients with a good therapeutic response was 77 per cent (17/22) in PP, 60 per cent (15/25) in AP and 29 per cent (5/17) in AA and 2). The median survival after the onset of the acute crisis was 148 days (4.9 months) in PP, 183 days (6.1 months) in AP and 53 days (1.8 months) in AA. Statistically, there was a significant difference between the AA and the other two groups (P less than 0.001). Our observations suggest that the lack of a clone with only a Ph1 during the course of the acute phase (AA) indicates an unfavourable response and a poor prognosis after the onset of the acute crisis in CML.
Building Buzz: (Scientists) Communicating Science in New Media Environments

Public communication about science faces novel challenges, including the increasing complexity of research areas and the erosion of traditional journalistic infrastructures. Although scientists have traditionally been reluctant to engage in public communication at the expense of focusing on academic productivity, our survey of highly cited U.S. nano-scientists, paired with data on their social media use, shows that public communication, such as interactions with reporters and being mentioned on Twitter, can contribute to a scholar’s scientific impact. Most importantly, being mentioned on Twitter amplifies the effect of interactions with journalists and other non-scientists on the scholar’s scientific impact.
Spatial convergence and divergence between cutaneous afferent axons and dorsal horn cells are not constant.

We have proposed a quantitative model of the development of dorsal horn cell receptive fields (RFs) and somatotopic organization (Brown et al. [1997] Somatosens. Motor Res. 14:93-106). One component of that model is a hypothesis that convergence and divergence of connections between low-threshold primary afferent mechanoreceptive axons and dorsal horn cells are invariant over skin location and dorsal horn location. The more limited, and more easily tested, hypothesis that spatial convergence and divergence between cutaneous mechanoreceptors and dorsal horn cell are constant was examined. Spatial divergence is the number of dorsal horn cells whose RFs overlap the RF center of a primary afferent, and spatial convergence is the number of afferent RF centers that lie within the RF of a dorsal horn cell. Innervation density was determined as a function of location on the hindlimb by using peripheral nerve recording and axon counting. A descriptive model of dorsal horn cell receptive fields (Brown et al. [1998] J. Neurophysiol. 31:833-848) was used to simulate RFs of the entire dorsal horn cell population in order to estimate RF area and map scale as a function of location on the hindlimb. Previously reported correlations among innervation density, map scale, and RF size were confirmed. However, these correlations were not linear. The hypothesis that spatial convergence and divergence are constant was rejected. The previously proposed model of development of dorsal horn cell somatotopy and RF geometries must be revised to take variable spatial convergence and divergence into account.
Photoemission Extended Fine Structure Study of the SiO2/Si(111) Interface.

High-resolution Si 2{ital p} core level photoemission spectra of the SiO{sub 2}/Si(111) system show chemically shifted components derived from individual oxidation states, which exhibit strong intensity modulations as a function of photon energy due to final-state diffraction. Analysis of these photoemission intensity modulations gives bond-length information specific to the individual suboxide. The results indicate that the interface is atomically abrupt. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
δ-Opioid receptor binding in mouse brain: Evidence for heterogeneous binding sites

In this study we investigated the characteristics of binding sites with which delta opioid receptor agonists interact in homogenates of mouse brain using Krebs-HEPES medium. [3H][D- Ser2,Leu5,Thr6]enkephalin (DSLET), [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE) and [3H][D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) were used to label delta opioid binding sites. The analyses of the saturation binding data of these ligands (Scatchard plots) gave best fits to single rather than multiple site models. The binding capacity (Bmax) labelled by [3H]DSLET was found to be significantly greater than those of [3H]DADLE and [3H]DPDPE in brains of mice. Naltriben (the benzofuran analogue of naltrindole) was equally effective in competing for [3H]DSLET, [3H]DPDPE and [3H]DADLE binding sites. On the other hand, DADLE was significantly more potent in competing for [3H]DADLE and [3H]DPDPE binding sites than for [3H]DSLET binding sites. Also, DPDPE was more potent in competing for the binding sites of [3H]DADLE and [3H]DPDPE than for those of [3H]DSLET. DSLET was found to be equipotent in competing for [3H]DSLET, [3H]DPDPE and [3H]DADLE binding sites. These results suggest a heterogeneity of delta opioid receptors which may be explained possibly by the existence of delta opioid receptor subtypes.
Health problems associated with agricultural colonization in Latin America

Abstract Disease hazards help explain why much of Latin America's humid tropics remains sparsely inhabited. Recent agricultural colonization, occupation of new lands by peasant farmers, has been fostered partially by amelioration of some of the former threats. But landscape modification by colonists also has created new disease hazards. The continual arrival of settlers and the periodic nature of much ‘migration’ to colonization zones provide ideal conditions for the introduction and re-introduction of infectious diseases. Migration itself produces stress that may contribute to health problems. In the central Andean countries, the migrants to lowland settlement areas may be adapted biologically to high altitudes. Furthermore, cultural practices brought from different ecological zones often prove maladaptive in the lowlands. Finally, health care delivery among low-income colonists far from urban centers is difficult and expensive.
Surface-contacting vibrometers for seismic landmine detection

A technique has been developed that exploits remote seismic sources and local measurement of the surface displacement of the ground for the detection of buried landmines. Most of the previously reported investigation of this technique has focused on non-contact displacement sensors in order to ensure the safety of the operators of both handheld and vehicle-based systems. This is not inherently a constraint that requires a non-contact sensor, but rather one requiring a sensor that is non-intrusive (i.e. its presence does not alter the measured quantity). Current research is directed toward the development of autonomous and semi-autonomous robotic systems based on this technique. Here both unit cost and power consumption are issues of comparable importance to the survival of the sensor platform. Non-intrusive surface-contacting vibrometers are therefore a reasonable alternative. Several configurations have been studied for suitable vibrometers. The configuration that has shown the most promise is based on a commercial accelerometer coupled to the ground with a small normal force and isolated from the backing structure that is used to reposition it between measurements. It is a relatively simple matter to detect seismic motion with an accelerometer. The major issue in an effective implementation of the technique is to combine reproducibility with fidelity in the measurement. These are competing goals in that reproducibility is easily achieved with large normal forces, but fidelity requires that these be small. Sufficient reproducibility for imaging purposes has been achieved with normal forces that pose no danger of landmine detonation. Unlike reproducibility, fidelity is linked to both the nature of the imposed force and to its magnitude through the nonlinearity of the soil’s elasticity. Both continuous and incremental motions of the sensor platform have been studied, although incremental movement shows the most promise for the intended application.
The Surgical Management of Dislocated Traumatic Cataracts

Seven adult patients (six men and one woman, ranging in age from 50 to 83 years) underwent intracapsular cataract surgery for dislocated traumatic cataracts. Six of the seven also had anterior vitrectomies. All seven patients had preoperative visual acuities of counting fingers or worse. There were no serious postoperative complications and five of the patients had postoperative visual acuities of 20/60 or better. Visual acuity improved less in the other two patients because of pre-existing but unrecognized macular disease.
Carcinoma of the breast: a review of clinical and laboratory examinations relating to treatment policy.

Carcinoma of the breast remains as great a problem today as it was 40 years ago. The author believes that carcinoma of the breast can be better understood if it is regarded not as one disease but as a spectrum of diseases and that progress will come, not from applying increasingly radical treatment to one or two sections of the spectrum, but from individualized treatment plans based on the most accurate information obtainable. This includes the extent and the growth characteristics of the disease, and methods available to modify the growth characteristics. Some methods of obtaining this information are presented and discussed.
Digitized global land-sea map and access software

A computer-efficient global data file, which contains digitized information that enables identification of a given latitude/longitude defined point as over land or over water, was generated from a data base which defines the world's shoreline. The method used in the generation of this land-sea boundary data map and its data structure are discussed. The data file was originally generated on a Control Data Corporation(CDC) computer, but it has been transported to other computer systems, includingIBM, DEC/VAX, UNIVAC and Cray computers. The land-sea boundary map also includes information on islands and inland lakes. The resolution of this map is 5′×5′ or an equivalent of9 km square surface blocks at the equator. The software to access this data base is structured to be easily transportable to different computers. This data base was used in the generation of the Seasat Geophysical Data Record(GDR) to identify whether a spaceborne radar altimeter measurement was over-land or over-ocean.
Introduction to SCiP special issue

Several of the articles in this issue are based on presentations from the 41st Annual Meeting of the Society for Computers in Psychology (SCiP). The conference was held in Seattle, Washington, on November 3, 2011, and included talks, posters, and symposia on topics as diverse as semantic processing, intelligent tutors, equipment timing, response time distributions, and brain imaging. The keynote address was given by Susan Dumais on “Understanding InSitu Search Behavior Using LargeScale Log Analysis and Web-Based Experiments.” Joe Magliano also hosted a presidential symposium, “Natural Language Processing Applications in Education: The Computer-Based Analysis of Student Constructed Responses.” A copy of the conference program can be found at www.scip.co/scip-2011/. Brent Kievit-Kylar from Indiana University received the John Castellan Student Paper award for his presentation “Word2Word: A Visualization Tool for High-Dimensional Semantic Data.” All of the SCiP articles in this special issue were treated to the same reviewing and publication standards as the other articles in Behavior Research Methods. My thanks to the authors, reviewers, and consulting editors for quickly moving the papers through the review process. The 42nd Annual Meeting of SCiP will be in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 15, 2012. Additional information can be found at www.scip.co/scip-2012/. The Society for Computers in Psychology is a nonprofit organization of researchers interested in applications of computers in psychology. Its primary purpose is to increase and share knowledge about the use of computers in psychological research. Membership is open to any person who has an academic degree and who is active in scientific applications of computers to psychological research. Membership information can be found at the SCiP website, at www.scip.ws/. The officers of SCiP 2011 included President Joseph Magliano of Northern Illinois University; President Elect Ping Li, Pennsylvania State University; Past President Michael Birnbaum of California State University, Fullerton; and Secretary-Treasurer Michael Jones of Indiana University. The steering committee included Patrick Conley of the University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point, Rick Dale of the University of Memphis, Randy Jamieson of the University of Manitoba, Kay Livesay of Linfield College, Otto MacLin of the University of Northern Iowa, Danielle McNamara of the University of Memphis, Douglas J.K. Mewhort of Queen’s University at Kingston, Giuseppe Riva of Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, and YanaWeinstein ofWashington University in St. Louis.
New Date for the Second Persian Conquest, End of Pharaonic and Manethonian Egypt: 340/39 B.C.E.

Artaxerxes III’s conquest of Egypt signified the end of Egypt of the Pharaohs. For more than half a century now, the event has been dated to either 343 B.C.E. or 342 B.C.E. Detailed calibrations focus on the winter of 343/42 B.C.E., especially early 342 B.C.E. Yet, there is no evidence whatsoever for this date. The presumed evidence has escaped scrutiny in Egyptology because it involves subtle reasoning about the supposed purport of Classical Greek sources whose chronology is uncertain or whose authenticity is in doubt. The surviving sources instead unambiguously point to an interval lasting from November of 340 B.C.E. to the summer of 339 B.C.E. as the time when the conquest most probably took place. This date can be styled as 340/39 B.C.E. The slash signifies a time interval shorter than two full years ‐ in this case also shorter than a year ‐ that spans two Julian years. The conquest is therefore dated here to roughly three years later than when everyone now assumes it took place.
Whole organism31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: A potential application in aquatic toxicity evaluations

Experiments were undertaken to determine if 31p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) could be used to obtain well-defined phosphorus spectra from Chironomus tentans larvae and Daphnia magna. Because phosphorus plays such a basic role in bioenergetics and ATP has been shown to be a sensitive indicator of certain types of toxicants (BREZONIK & PATTERSON 1972; BREZONIK et al. 1975; HOLM-HANSEN 1970), the ability to monitor mobile phosphorus may prove useful in evaluating the effects of toxicants on aquatic organisms.
An improved generic model control algorithm for linear systems

A large number of applications of generic model control (GMC) have been published in the literature. However, an overview of the potential difficulties in implementation has not been provided. This paper evaluates the basic GMC algorithm when applied to single input single output linear processes and provides insight regarding its limitation to ensure robust stability. The effect of sampling time on the reference trajectory for discrete systems is analyzed in order to avoid unstable responses for perfect models. Finally, a predictive GMC is developed to handle models with dead time in a reliable way.
Diagnosis of surgical sinusitis using nasal endoscopy and computerized tomography.

The ability to identify surgical sinus disease using diagnostic nasal endoscopy and coronal CT scanning of the paranasal sinuses is studied prospectively. Fifty consecutive patients with symptoms of chronic sinusitis lacking surgical indications by traditional work-up comprise the patient population. Sixty percent had endoscopic or CT indications for surgery. There was a 90% correlation between endoscopy and CT examination with the combined work-up being more accurate than either modality alone. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed in 18 cases. There were no major complications. Approximately 89% of the postoperative group report significant improvement, with 55.6% reporting total relief of symptoms. A complete endoscopic sinus work-up can often identify surgically correctable sinusitis despite normal routine rhinoscopic and plain-film examination. It is. therefore, warranted in those patients with a suggestive history.
The Efficacy of Regulation Fair Disclosure

An informational advantage enjoyed by select few around material announcements was the concern raised by SEC in passing Regulation Fair Disclosure. To date, no large study has examined this question. We document stock price movements in the direction of the news two days prior to the announcements in pre Reg. FD period. After Reg. FD, pre-announcement abnormal return as a percentage of total return has decreased by 26.1% (21.4%) for large firms with good (bad) news. These findings support both the premise and the intended purpose of the regulation for large firms. Our tests failed to detect any such support for small firms.
Frequency-Dependent Attenuation Effects in Pulsed Doppler Ultrasound: Experimental Results

The quantitative capability of pulsed Doppler ultrasound in clinical practice is limited by the effects of frequency-dependent attenuation of ultrasound in tissue, as well as several other spectral-broadening mechanisms which distort the Doppler spectrum of an ultrasonic echo. In this communication, we present results of in vitro experiments which demonstrate the magnitude of the errors expected in clinical measurements of blood flow parameters when frequency-dependent attenuation Of ultrasound in biological tissue is ignored. It is shown that errors as large as 15 percent may occur in Doppler measurements of blood flow velocity through 7 cm of intervening tissue. A comparison is also made between experimental results and a theoretical model which includes the effects of scattering and attenuation.
Sex steroid hormone receptors in normal and dysplastic bone disorders in children

Children with monostotic and polyostotic bone dysplasias often exhibit localized bone overgrowth. We investigated the presence of nuclear estrogen and nuclear progesterone receptors by solid-phase radioimmunoassay, immunocytochemistry, and radioligand binding in osteoblast cell cultures derived from the areas of overgrowth of membranous bone, noninvolved membranous bone, and normal membranous bone from children undergoing elective craniotomy. Membranous bone of normal children had demonstrable levels of nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptors identified by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical assay. Two- to threefold increased levels of these receptors (p less than 0.001 versus normals) were found in cultures derived from the involved bone of two children with monostotic fibrous dysplasia and in one patient with polyostotic dysplasia (McCune-Albright syndrome). The noninvolved bone in our patients with fibrous dysplasia exhibited nuclear sex steroid hormone receptor levels similar to those in the normal children. Radioligand binding studies demonstrated increased sex steroid hormone receptors in cultures derived from involved osteoblasts. The presence of an increased level of sex steroid hormone receptor was accompanied by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and increased production of osteocalcin in vitro compared to normal or noninvolved bone. The mechanisms by which sex steroid hormone receptor levels are increased in the ostotic dysplasias remain to be established.
Current treatment for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: Results and surgical implications

Abstract From July 1986 to January 1991, 123 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome underwent operation for ablation of aberrant conduction pathways. There were 85 male and 38 female patients ranging in age from 11 months to 68 years. Associated anomalies included Ebstein's anomaly, sudden death syndrome, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, abdominal aortic aneurysm, neurofibromatosis, other arrhythmias, or other complex congenital heart disease. Forty-one patients had multiple accessory pathways. Operative results showed a 7% initial failure rate, which dropped to 3% after reoperation. One patient had undergone previous operation for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome at another institution. Procedures performed concomitantly included mitral or tricuspid valve repair or replacement (6), right ventricular conduit replacement, subaortic resection, Fontan repair, corrected transposition repair, coronary artery bypass, and placement of an automatic internal cardioverter defibrillator. There was no operative mortality. Late follow-up is 27 ± 16 months, and complications included mitral regurgitation and myocardial infarction. By comparison, in the last 12 months 124 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome underwent catheter ablation using radiofrequency current. There were 9 patients with multiple pathways. One hundred twelve patients (90%) had all accessory atrioventricular connections ablated and have remained free of symptomatic tachycardia. There have been 12 failures (10%), of which 5 have had operation and 7 are being treated medically. Mean follow-up is 7 ± 5 months, and complications included circumflex coronary artery occlusion, excessive bleeding, valve perforation, and cerebral vascular accident. Both procedures offer excellent success with low morbidity. Although continued late follow-up is mandatory to assess the results of radiofrequency ablation, the early results suggest that operation for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome may become indicated for radiofrequency ablation failure, multiple pathways, or when additional procedures are required.
Hierarchy of polyadenylation site usage by bovine papillomavirus in transformed mouse cells.

The great majority of viral mRNAs in mouse C127 cells transformed by bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV) have a common 39 end at the early polyadenylation site which is 23 nucleotides (nt) downstream of a canonical poly(A) consensus signal. Twenty percent of BPV mRNA from productively infected cells bypasses the early polyadenylation site and uses the late polyadenylation site approximately 3,000 nt downstream. To inactivate the BPV early polyadenylation site, the early poly(A) consensus signal was mutated from AAUAAA to UGUAAA. Surprisingly, this mutation did not result in significant read-through expression of downstream RNA. Rather, RNA mapping and cDNA cloning experiments demonstrate that virtually all of the mutant RNA is cleaved and polyadenylated at heterogeneous sites approximately 100 nt upstream of the wild-type early polyadenylation site. In addition, cells transformed by wild-type BPV harbor a small population of mRNAs with 39 ends located in this upstream region. These experiments demonstrate that inactivation of the major poly(A) signal induces preferential use of otherwise very minor upstream poly(A) sites. Mutational analysis suggests that polyadenylation at the minor sites is controlled, at least in part, by UAUAUA, an unusual variant of the poly(A) consensus signal approximately 25 nt upstream of the minor polyadenylation sites. These experiments indicate that inactivation of the major early polyadenylation signal is not sufficient to induce expression of the BPV late genes in transformed mouse cells. Images
The advantages of boundary-scan testing

Boundary scan has been used extensively by IBM in custom logic, standard cell, and gate array logic chips. Actual implementations of boundary-scan methods used in testing these chips are discussed. The benefits of this approach are reviewed, and an economic analysis of the cost savings attributable to boundary scan are presented. >
The nanoelectronic modeling tool NEMO 5: Capabilities, validation, and application to Sb-heterostructures

Modeling and simulation take an important role in the exploration and design optimization of novel devices. As the downscaling of electronic devices continues, the description of interfaces, randomness, and disorder on an atomistic level gains importance and continuum descriptions lose their validity. Often a full-band description of the electronic structure is needed to model the interaction of different valleys and nonparabolicity effects. NEMO 5 [1] is a modeling tool that addresses these issues and is able to provide insight into a broad range of devices. It unifies the capabilities of prior projects: multiscale approaches to quantum transport in planar structures in NEMO-1D [2], multimillion-atom simulations of strain and electronic structure in NEMO-3D [3] and NEMO-3D-Peta [4], and quantum transport in nonplanar structures in OMEN [5]. NEMO 5 aims at becoming a community code whose structure, implementation, resource requirements and license allow experimental and theoretical researchers in academia and industry alike to use and extend the tool.
Multiple resolution analysis of L-band brightness temperature for soil moisture

Passive microwave Earth observing systems provide coarse resolution data. Heterogeneity in physical characteristics will typically be present within footprints, especially over land. How this affects the development and validation of methods of retrieving soil moisture has not been verified. In this study, aircraft-based 1.4 GHz microwave radiometer data were collected sit several altitudes over test sites where soil moisture was measured concurrently. The use of multiple flightlines at lower altitudes allowed the direct comparison of different spatial resolutions using independent samples over the same ground location. Results showed that the brightness temperature data from 1.4 GHz sensor in this study region provides the same mean values for an area regardless of the spatial resolution of the original data. The relationship between brightness temperature and soil moisture was similar at different resolutions. These results suggest that soil moisture retrieval methods developed using high resolution data can be extrapolated to satellite scales.
Analogical Transfer of Problem Solutions within and between Languages in Spanish-English Bilinguals

Abstract Previous cognitive research on transfer of learning in bilingual participants has used simple tasks such as word learning. In the present study, an analogical transfer paradigm was used to examine transfer of high-level conceptual information between languages. Experiment 1 examined analogical transfer from a single source story to a target problem in the same or in a different language with Spanish–English bilinguals. Experiment 2 exploited the competitive nature of retrieval in analogical transfer using a more sensitive design in which the target problem was preceded by two source analogs suggesting different solutions. Even with a total of 207 participants across the two experiments, transfer was not significantly or substantially affected by the match or mismatch between the languages of the source and target problems. However, in Experiment 2, the competition between alternative source analogs was greater when the languages of the two analogs matched than when they mismatched. These experiments show that the aspects of memory representations important for higher-order processes such as analogical transfer are primarily language-general and that language-specific features play only a minor role when retrieving and applying information relevant to problem-solving.