cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Truth Half Told: Finding the Perfect Pitch for Advertising and Marketing in Socialist Yugoslavia, 1950-1991

Beginning in the 1950s, advertising and marketing specialists in Yugoslavia campaigned aggressively to change public and official perceptions of their work. By casting commercial promotion in terms of categories already established as legitimate in the ideology of Yugoslav socialism, the industry gradually naturalized advertising and marketing, transforming them from suspect capitalist practices into apparent necessities of progressive, rational production and distribution. Although the rhetoric used in this campaign consistently appealed to socialist values, in practice Yugoslav advertising and marketing were largely based on Western models. Yugoslav commercial promotion was only superficially “socialist advertising”; practitioners' arguments tended to obscure the true qualities of the industry.
The influence of setting and task partner on the performance of adults over age 65 on a communications task

The present study was an investigation of the influence of two methodological variables on the performance of adults sixty-four to seventy-nine years old. Participants gave directions on a map reading task to a peer (similar aged) partner and a non-peer (younger) partner. Testing was conducted in either the laboratory or the participants' homes. Contrary to expectations, communication performances with the non-peer required less time and fewer utterances, morphemes, repetitions and start overs than with the peer. The influence of setting was apparent only in the number of attention cues used, with the more distracting home setting requiring more attention cues to maintain partner attention.
Determinants of polydipsia: IV. Free-reinforcement schedules

Rats got pellets on free-reinforcement (F) schedules with inter-pellet intervals from 30 to 480 sec. As the interval lengthened, drink frequency increased to a maximum and then decreased, average latency between pellet arrival and drinking increased, average drink duration increased, and licking rate within drinks decreased.
MULTIPLE SOUND-PRODUCING MECHANISMS IN TELEOST FISHES AND HYPOTHESES REGARDING THEIR BEHAVIOURAL SIGNIFICANCE

(2002). MULTIPLE SOUND-PRODUCING MECHANISMS IN TELEOST FISHES AND HYPOTHESES REGARDING THEIR BEHAVIOURAL SIGNIFICANCE. Bioacoustics: Vol. 12, No. 2-3, pp. 230-233.
The isomerization and hydrogenation of the maleate-fumarate system by cobalt hydrocarbonyl

Abstract Treatment of dimethyl maleate with DCo(CO) 4 gives deuterated dimethyl fumarate and dimethyl succinate but no deuterium incorporation in the recovered maleate. The hydrogenation of dimethyl maleate to succinate proceeds via the fumarate. For the isomerization reaction, the results are best rationalized on the basis of a 1,2- cis -addition-elimination of DCo(CO) 4 while the hydrogenation probably involves 1,4-addition to the fumarate.
Longitudinal analysis of midlife generativity, intergenerational roles, and caregiving.

Items from the California Adult Q-Sort (CAQ) were used to assess psychosocial generativity (E. H. Erikson, 1950) in a sample of educated women at midlife. CAQ scores measured at age 43 demonstrated convergent validity with an inventory measure of generativity assessed at age 53. According to other longitudinal analyses, women who attained a generative stance at age 43 reported greater investment 10 years later in intergenerational roles (e.g., daughter, mother) but not nonintergenerational ones (e.g., friend, sister). Generative women also reported less subjective burden in caring for aging parents and more knowledge about community elder care programs. Further evidence suggests that participants felt embedded in a reciprocal caregiving network in which they themselves were the recipients of care.
Oxygen and bulk element abundances in Luna 20 fines.

Abundances of O, Si, Al, and Mn determined in a Luna 20 fines sample by instrumental neutron activation analysis are presented and compared with those found in Apollo lunar soil samples. The results obtained include the finding that O/Si ratios exhibit very little variability among fines samples from various lunar landing sites, whereas the Al/Si ratio is highly variable.
Short-Term Memory Isolation: Null, Facilitative, and Debilitative Effects and their Preconditions

Summary This study attempted to account for the three possible outcomes which result from creating an outstanding item in a serial list. The existing literature reports null, facilitative, and debilitative effects on overall list performance. Eighty-two male and female undergraduates were shown either a simultaneously or successively presented 11-item list of letters and instructed for immediate recall. The isolate, which appeared in the middle of the list, consisted of either a CCC trigram larger than the other consonants in the list or a large and meaningful CVC. Evidence supporting null, facilitative, and localized debilitative effects was considered. The preconditions for these various effects resulting from item isolation were presented.
Manganese(III) mediated radical cyclization. I. Factors affectingphenol and cyclopentanone synthesis

Abstract The oxidative radical cyclization of ω-unsaturated-β-dicarbonylcompounds to 2-substituted phenols and cyclopentanones has been achieved with manganese (III) acetate.
Giles f. Filley lecture. Complex systems.

Physiologic systems in health and disease display an extraordinary range of temporal behaviors and structural patterns that defy understanding based on linear constructs, reductionist strategies, and classical homeostasis. Application of concepts and computational tools derived from the contemporary study of complex systems, including nonlinear dynamics, fractals and “chaos theory,” is having an increasing impact on biology and medicine. This presentation provides a brief overview of an emerging area of biomedical research, including recent applications to cardiopulmonary medicine and chronic obstructive lung disease.
Electrical Activation, Deactivation, and Reactivation Mechanism Study of Plasma Doping Processes

Advanced doping techniques in low-energy high-dose regimes including n-type PH3 and AsH3 plasma doping (PLAD) and p-type B2H6 and BF3 PLAD are studied and characterized on the electrical activation, deactivation, and reactivation mechanisms. Because deactivation and reactivation characteristics are independent of ion species and dependent only on the carrier, electrical-assisted diffusion of carriers (trap in native oxide) is confirmed as a hypothesis of a major dopant deactivation kinetics. Secondary ion mass spectrometry/ angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Hall methods are used in this paper to supply more supporting evidence and data. With characteristics similar to those of beam-line (BL)-based implants, n-type PLAD shows more serious deactivation than p-type PLAD. n-type PLAD shows a more significant reactivation effect than their BL implant counterparts. According to the deactivation mechanism study, a solution was proposed and used to reduce the deactivation issue for nMOS devices.
Robustness of Decoherence-Free Subspaces for Quantum Computation

It was shown recently [D. A. Lidar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2594 (1998)] that within the framework of the semigroup Markovian master equation, decoherence-free (DF) subspaces exist which are stable to first order in time to a perturbation. Here this result is extended to the non-Markovian regime and generalized. In particular, it is shown that within both the semigroup and the non-Markovian operator sum representation, DF subspaces are stable to all orders in time to a symmetry-breaking perturbation. DF subspaces are thus ideal for quantum memory applications. For quantum computation, however, the stability result does not extend beyond the first order. Thus, to perform robust quantum computation in DF subspaces, they must be supplemented with quantum error correcting codes.
Androgens enhance plasticity of an electric communication signal in female knifefish, Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus.

Abstract Sex steroids were initially defined by their actions shaping sexually dimorphic behavioral patterns. More recently scientists have begun exploring the role of steroids in determining sex differences in behavioral plasticity. We investigated the role of androgens in potentiating circadian, pharmacological, and socially-induced plasticity in the amplitude and duration of electric organ discharges (EODs) of female gymnotiform fish. We first challenged female fish with injections of serotonin (5-HT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and with social encounters with female and male conspecifics to characterize females' pre-implant responses to each treatment. Each individual was then implanted with a pellet containing dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations of 0.0, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 mg 10 g − 1 body weight. We then repeated all challenges and compared each female's pre- and post-implant responses. The highest implant dose enhanced EOD duration modulations in response to all challenge types, responses to male challenge were also greater at the second highest dose, and responses to ACTH challenge were enhanced in females receiving all but the smallest dose (and blank) implants. Alternatively, amplitude modulations were enhanced only during female challenges and only when females received the highest DHT dose. Our results highlight the differential regulation of EOD duration and amplitude, and suggest that DHT enhanced the intrinsic plasticity of the electrogenic cells that produce the EOD rather than modifying behavioral phenotypes. The relative failure of DHT to enhance EOD amplitude plasticity also implies that factors other than androgens are involved in regulating/promoting male-typical EOD circadian rhythms and waveform modulations displayed in social contexts.
Validation of a web-based atmospheric correction tool for single thermal band instruments

An atmospheric correction tool has been developed on a public access web site for the thermal band of the Landsat-5 and Landsat-7 sensors. The Atmospheric Correction Parameter Calculator uses the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) modeled atmospheric global profiles interpolated to a particular date, time and location as input. Using MODTRAN radiative transfer code and a suite of integration algorithms, the site-specific atmospheric transmission, and upwelling and downwelling radiances are derived. These calculated parameters can be applied to single band thermal imagery from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) or Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) to infer an at-surface kinetic temperature for every pixel in the scene. The derivation of the correction parameters is similar to the methods used by the independent Landsat calibration validation teams at NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory and at Rochester Institute of Technology. This paper presents a validation of the Atmospheric Correction Parameter Calculator by comparing the top-of-atmosphere temperatures predicted by the two teams to those predicted by the Calculator. Initial comparisons between the predicted temperatures showed a systematic error of greater then 1.5K in the Calculator results. Modifications to the software have reduced the bias to less then 0.5 ± 0.8K. Though not expected to perform quite as well globally, the tool provides a single integrated method of calculating atmospheric transmission and upwelling and downwelling radiances that have historically been difficult to derive. Even with the uncertainties in the NCEP model, it is expected that the Calculator should predict atmospheric parameters that allow apparent surface temperatures to be derived within ±2K globally, where the surface emissivity is known and the atmosphere is relatively clear. The Calculator is available at http://atmcorr.gsfc.nasa.gov.
The interaction of plant hormones and rotation around a horizontal axis on the growth and Flowering ofXanthium pensylvanicum

Xanthium pensylvanicum plants were rotated around a horizontal axis at 0.25 rpm. The stem growth, and flowering response were studied in rotatedXanthium treated with gibberellic acid (GA3), indoleacetic acid (IAA). Leaf growth of rotatedXanthium was also studied.
Inhibition of the Hydrogenation and Hydrodesulfurization Reactions by Nitrogen Compounds over NiMo/Al2O3

The inhibiting effect of nitrogen compounds on the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds and on the hydrodesulphurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene (4,6 DMDBT), has been systematically investigated over a commercial NiMo hydrotreating catalyst. Amongst the different nitrogen compounds considered, interestingly ammonia was found to have the strongest inhibition effect on hydrogenation as well as on hydrodesulfurization reactions. The inhibiting effects were found to increase in the order quinoline < tetrahydroquinoline < indole < indoline < ammonia for phenanthrene/tetralin hydrogenation and HDS reactions. The molecules with nitrogen atoms having higher negative Mulliken charges showed higher adsorption constants.
In vivo visualization of olfactory pathophysiology induced by intranasal cadmium instillation in mice

Intranasal exposure to cadmium has been related to olfactory dysfunction in humans and to nasal epithelial damage and altered odorant-guided behavior in rodent models. The pathophysiology underlying these deficits has not been fully elucidated. Here we use optical imaging techniques to visualize odorant-evoked neurotransmitter release from the olfactory nerve into the brain's olfactory bulbs in vivo in mice. Intranasal cadmium chloride instillations reduced this sensory activity by up to 91% in a dose-dependent manner. In the olfactory bulbs, afferents from the olfactory epithelium could be quantified by their expression of a genetically encoded fluorescent marker for olfactory marker protein. At the highest dose tested, cadmium exposure reduced the density of these projections by 20%. In a behavioral psychophysical task, mice were trained to sample from an odor port and make a response when they detected an odorant against a background of room air. After intranasal cadmium exposure, mice were unable to detect the target odor. These experiments serve as proof of concept for a new approach to the study of the neural effects of inhaled toxicants. The use of in vivo functional imaging of the neuronal populations exposed to the toxicant permits the direct observation of primary pathophysiology. In this study optical imaging revealed significant reductions in odorant-evoked release from the olfactory nerve at a cadmium chloride dose two orders of magnitude less than that required to induce morphological changes in the nerve in the same animals, demonstrating that it is a more sensitive technique for assessing the consequences of intranasal neurotoxicant exposure. This approach is potentially useful in exploring the effects of any putative neurotoxicant that can be delivered intranasally.
Immunological studies of lymphoid leukemia in the AKR mouse.

Experiments are reported showing some slight protective capacity of guinea pig antimouse leukemic tissue serum to protect the AKR mouse against the BW5147 tumor, when the serum is first adsorbed to...
Leadership in a network of communities: a phenomenographic study

Purpose – Canada's Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI) uses an operating model that is unusual in government. It is created to enable cross‐boundary capability and capacity building and learning. Some consider it a model for other federal science initiatives. The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of leadership – and its relationship to perceived effectiveness – in this complex network of counter‐terrorism communities, where parts of the network are functioning better than others. At a more academic level, it explores whether complexity theory can inform leadership theory.Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative, empirical study uses phenomenography and elements of ethnography as methodologies. Data are gathered through interviews and observation.Findings – CRTI personnel refer to their initiative as a counter‐terrorism network of communities. The leader of each community works – without positional authority – with participants from m...
The Development and Validation of a Preliminary Research Form of an Academic Self-Concept Measure for College Students

The development and construct validation of a preliminary research form of an academic self-concept measure for college students are described. Entitled Dimensions of Self-Concept (DOSC), Form H, this instrument has been anchored to a theoretical framework comprising five constructs, for each of which a factor subscale constitutes an operational definition. The statistical data arising from administration of both an initial form and a preliminary research form are reviewed. The 25-item subscales in the initial form afforded reliability (coefficient alpha) estimates varying between .85 and .90; the 20-item subscales of the preliminary research form furnished parallel estimates of reliability ranging from .83 to .91. It was concluded that this second form shows promising construct validity, as evidenced by the fact that the five constructs within the theoretical framework when translated into five subscales received substantial empirical support in terms of the factor structure realized. The psychometric da...
Review of One Hundred Cases of “Diabetic Neuropathy” Followed from One to Ten Years23

THE PRESENT review is presented because this study demonstrated that the socalled diabetic neuritis or neuropathy is not, as is still generally believed, exclusively a peripheral neuritis, but it is also a generalized neurologic disturbance involving the entire nervous system, the central, peripheral and autonomic parts, with special predilection for the peripheral nerves. There is strong evidence to suggest that the neuropathy is only one manifestation of a vitamin B deficiency in diabetic patients, and that the deficiency in most cases is secondary to the metabolic disturbances in diabetes. We found (table 1) that among the 54 cases that presented a neuritis, only 31 cases had a peripheral neuritis; 26 patients had myelopathy; nine had signs of encephalopathy alone or combined with a myelopathy and 11 cases had a neurogenic bladder without tabes. Pain and sensory disorders were the most common symptoms and signs (table 2). Muscular weakness was quite frequent, while muscular atrophy was observed in only...
Dissolved organic matter from elevated-CO2 detritus and its impact on the orientation of crayfish (Orconectes virilis) to a fish food source

AbstractCrayfish must locate food resources in a chemically complex environment in which chemicals from various sources interact and mix. We tested the hypothesis that an additional chemical food source of leachate from detritus (dissolved organic matter [DOM]) would affect crayfish orientation behavior toward a fish stimulus. In addition, we predicted that the effect of DOM would differ depending on whether the detritus was produced under ambient (AMB) or elevated (ELEV) CO2 because of changes in foliar chemistry that accompany elevated CO2 levels. DOM was collected from leaf litter derived from quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) foliage that was produced at either AMB or ELEV CO2 and was presented at 2 concentrations (3 mg/L, 6 mg/L). Stimulus treatments were: 1) CON (control; fish odor only), 2) AMB-low (fish + AMB DOM at 3 mg/L), 3) AMB-high (fish + AMB DOM at 6 mg/L), 4) ELEV-low (fish + ELEV DOM at 3 mg/L), and 5) ELEV-high (fish + ELEV DOM at 6 mg/L). Crayfish (Orconectes virilis) were observed in...
Analyzing Hierarchical Relationships Among Modes of Cognitive Reasoning and Integrated Science Process Skills.

The purpose of this research was to search for a learning hierarchy among skills comprising formal operations and the integrated science processes. Ordering theoretic and probabilistic latent structure methods were used to analyze data on five process skills and six logical thinking skills collected from 700 science students. Both linear and branching hierarchical relationships were identified within and across the two sets of skills. Most of them fit the logical hierarchies which have guided curriculum development and classroom practices in the past. But a few run counter to our present logic and understanding of these skills.
Localization of an uncooperative target with binary observations

The problem of localizing an uncooperative target using binary observations and without the knowledge of the propagation model is considered. Three new estimators for the location of the target are utilized. Their performance, in the MSE sense, is studied analytically and through simulations. Results show that these estimators significantly outperform the existing approach.
Treatment-Related Myelodysplasia and Acute Leukemia in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Patients

Purpose: Standard therapies for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) are associated with an increased risk of developing treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia (tMDS/AML). However, there is considerable debate over the incidence or risk of tMDS/AML in NHL patients treated with any particular modality and the factors that contribute to malignant transformation. Design: Conclusions were based on thorough analysis of data reported in the peer-reviewed literature and careful examination of the statistical methodology and methods for identifying cases of tMDS/AML. Unless noted, data are reported only for NHL patients, excluding Hodgkin’s disease patients. Results: Despite differences in methods used to identify cases and to estimate the cumulative incidence over time (actuarial v cumulative calculations), up to 10% of NHL patients treated with either conventional-dose chemotherapy or high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation may develop tMDS/AML within 10 years of pri...
Biological control of Melaleuca quinquenervia: an Everglades invader

A massive effort is underway to restore the Florida Everglades, mainly by re-engineering hydrology to supply more water to the system at appropriate times of the year. However, correcting water flow patterns alone will not restore the associated plant communities due to habitat-transforming effects of invasive species, in particular the Australian wetland tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake (Myrtales, Myrtaceae), which has invaded vast areas and transformed sawgrass marshes into dense, biologically impoverished, structurally altered forest habitats. To address this threat, an invasive species reduction program was launched that combined mechanical removal and herbicidal control to remove mature trees with the release of specialized insects to suppress seed production and lower seedling survival. Melaleuca has now been removed from most public lands while biological control has limited its ability to regenerate and reinvade from nearby infestations often located on unmanaged privately held lands. This case illustrates how restoration of highly modified ecosystems may require both restoration of physical conditions (water flow), and suppression of high impact or transformative invaders, showing well the need to integrate biological control into conservation biology.
Discussion of the infinite distribution of electrons in the theory of the positron

The quantum theory of the electron allows states of negative kinetic energy as well as the usual states of positive kinetic energy and also allows transitions from one kind of state to the other. Now particles in states of negative kinetic energy are never observed in practice. We can get over this discrepancy between theory and observation by assuming that, in the world as we know it, nearly all the states of negative kinetic energy are occupied, with one electron in each state in accordance with Pauli's exclusion principle, and that the distribution of negative-energy electrons is unobservable to us on account of its uniformity. Any unoccupied negative-energy states would be observable to us, as holes in the distribution of negative-energy electrons, but these holes would appear as particles with positive kinetic energy and thus not as things foreign to all our experience. It seems reasonable and in agreement with all the facts known at present to identify these holes with the recently discovered positrons and thus to obtain a theory of the positron.
Some characteristics of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase-1 inhibition by ascorbate.

These studies relate to a working hypothesis that glycogen storage is facilitated in resting muscle by inhibiting glycolysis via inhibition of LDH, AK, and PFK-1 by ascorbate; when muscle is active, these isozymes combine with muscle proteins and are released and protected from inhibition by ascorbate and glycolysis proceeds. Focus in these studies is on the ability of G-actin and aldolase to prevent PFK-1 inhibition by ascorbate. We found that inhibition by ascorbate was PFK-1 concentration dependent; ascorbate does not inhibit above 200 nM PFK-1. We conclude that ascorbate inhibits PFK-1 dimers (and perhaps monomers) but not PFK-1 tetramers. Separation of PFK-1 dimers from tetramers was achieved with centrifugal filter devices and differences in their sensitivity to ascorbate inhibition were demonstrated. Some comparisons are made with attributes of AK inhibitions by ascorbate that, like PFK-1, are also enzyme concentration dependent. Discussions relate findings to cellular infrastructure and the role o...
Cloud Masking for Ocean Color Data Processing in the Coastal Regions

The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) use the near-infrared (NIR) reflectance threshold at 865 nm (869 nm for MODIS) to discriminate clear sky from clouds for processing of the ocean color products. Such a simple scheme generally works well over the open oceans where Case-1 waters and maritime aerosols are usually the case. However, in coastal regions, there are often cases with significant ocean contributions at the NIR wavelengths from the turbid waters. In addition, aerosols are likely to be dominated with small particles (large Aringngstrom exponent). In these cases, the cloud-masking scheme using the NIR reflectance threshold often mistakenly identifies these scenes as clouds, leading to significant loss of coverage in coastal regions. In this paper, we propose to use the MODIS short wave infrared (SWIR) bands at either 1240 or 1640 nm for detecting clouds. Ocean is black for turbid waters at SWIR wavelengths due to much stronger water absorption. The aerosol contribution in the SWIR bands is also significantly lower for nonabsorbing and weakly absorbing aerosols with small aerosol particle size. Thus, using the SWIR reflectance threshold, the performance of the cloud-masking algorithm in the coastal region is much better than that of using the NIR band. For sensors that do not have SWIR bands (e.g., SeaWiFS), we propose to use the Rayleigh-corrected (RC) reflectance ratio value from two NIR bands in addition to the reflectance threshold at 865 nm. The clouds are spectrally flat and have lower reflectance ratio values from two NIR measurements than cases with reflectance contributions from ocean and aerosols. It was found that, corresponding to the RC reflectance threshold of 2.7% at 869 nm, the RC threshold reflectances for 1240 and 1640 nm are 2.35% and 2.15%, respectively. The cloud-masking performance with the SWIR bands in the coastal region can usually be achieved using the RC reflectance ratio value (ges 1.15 as clear atmosphere) between two NIR bands in addition to the reflectance threshold at 869 nm
Ventricular fibrillation caused by extrinsic compression of the left main coronary artery

A 43-year-old woman with a history of ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure, pulmonary hypertension and partial Eisenmenger's physiology presented with in-field v-fib arrest. She was defibrillated to normal sinus rhythm. Echocardiography revealed dilated right ventricle (RV), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) of 88 mm Hg. A robust right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) was seen. A coronary CT angiogram revealed compressed left main coronary artery (LMCA) by severely dilated …
Singular basis functions and curvilinear triangles in the solution of the electric field integral equation

Basis functions are formulated that account for singularities in the charge density near an edge on a conducting body. The formulation is general and the basis functions are valid for planar as well curvilinear geometries. In principle, singularities of any order can be treated, but best results are obtained for so-called "knife edge" singularities. Results are compared with exact solutions or measurements where available for some simple problems.
A rayleigh-ritz determination of upper and lower bounds for the deflection of orthotropic cantilever beams

A numerical scheme based on polynomial approximation is presented for the caluclation of upper and lower bounds for the flexibility coefficient of end-loaded orthotropic cantilever beams in a state of plane stress, through use of the principles of minimum potential energy and of minimum complementary energy. The degree-of-freedom of the two-dimensional polynomials employed along with the elastic constants and the depth-to-span ratio of the beam are external parameters of the problem.
Generalized LDCP codes with component reed-solomon codes for beyond 100 Gb/s optical transmission

We present a hard-decision decoding FEC scheme suitable for use in beyond 100 Gb/s transmission. It is based on generalized LDPC (GLDPC) codes with component RS codes. The GLPDC code of code rate 0.82 with component codes being (255,239) and (255,223) RS codes, provides the net effective coding gain of 9.67 dB at BER of 10-15.
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K-bZIP represses gene transcription via SUMO modification

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human gammaherpesvirus implicated in AIDS-related neoplasms. Previously, we demonstrated that the early lytic gene product K-bZIP is a transcriptional repressor that affects a subset of viral gene transcriptions mediated by the viral transactivator K-Rta (Y. Izumiya et al. J. Virol. 77:1441-1451, 2003). Sumoylation has emerged as an important posttranslational modification that affects the location and function of cellular and viral proteins and also plays a significant role in transcriptional repression along with Ubc9, the E2 SUMO conjugation enzyme. Here, we provide evidence that K-bZIP is sumoylated at the lysine 158 residue and associates with Ubc9 both in a cell-free system and in virus-infected BCBL-1 cells. Reporter assays showed that the expression of SUMO-specific protease 1 attenuated the transcriptional repression activity of K-bZIP. The expression of a K-bZIPK158R mutant, which was no longer sumoylated, exhibited the reduced transcriptional repression activity. This indicates that sumoylation plays an important part in the transcriptional repression activity of K-bZIP. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that K-bZIP interacts with and recruits Ubc9 to specific KSHV promoters. Thus, our data indicate that K-bZIP is a SUMO adaptor, which recruits Ubc9 to specific viral target promoters, thereby exerting its transcriptional repression activity.
Applying New Approaches From Cognitive Neuroscience to Enhance Drug Development for the Treatment of Impaired Cognition in Schizophrenia

New approaches to the measurement of cognition in schizophrenia include the use of tasks from experimental cognitive psychology to examine the integrity of specific cognitive systems and the application of these tasks in noninvasive neuroimaging (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI]) studies that directly measure the effects of drugs on cognition-related brain activity. These approaches offer many advantages, including the isolation of specific cognitive systems that may be conserved across species; controlling for the confounding effects of generalized performance deficits such as poor motivation, sedation, and so on; and providing a direct translational bridge from studies using animal models of cognition to patient-based research using fMRI. These developments have the potential to transform the early human phases of drug development and streamline the decision making at this critical point in the process. As was the case for the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia initiative, optimizing the application of cognitive neuroscience to new drug development will require a major commitment by multiple investigators to task development and a thorough psychometric evaluation of both behavioral and neuroimaging measures.
COMPARISON OF THE ACTIVITY OF CIRCULAR AND LONGITUDINAL MYOMETRIUM FROM PREGNANT RATS: CO‐ORDINATION BETWEEN MUSCLE LAYERS

SUMMARY 1. Contractions and electrical activity were recorded from isolated segments of longitudinal (L) and circular (C) myometrium from rats on gestation days 16–17 and 21 before and during parturition. 2. The segments were arranged so that the activity of the two layers could be monitored simultaneously and independently. 3. Out of the 15 preparations from days 16–17, 13 showed no co-ordination of activity between the layers. In the other two preparations a large contraction of C occasionally initiated a contraction of L. Surgical separation of the layers disrupted the co-ordination and L then developed its independent rhythm. 4. On day 21 before delivery, eight of 10 preparations exhibited 1:1 co-ordination of activity between the two layers, but C did not consistently pace L. The pacing shifted from one layer to the other several times during an experiment. 5. During parturition there was a 1:1 co-ordination of activity in all 10 preparations examined. In nine of these L initiated the activity of the C. Surgical separation of the layers disrupted the co-ordination and C developed its independent rhythm. In one the pacing shifted from one layer to the other several times during the experiment. 6. In all cases where co-ordination between the layers was observed it was myogenic and apparently related to the spread of action potentials between the two muscles.
Partial loss of ataxin-1 function contributes to transcriptional dysregulation in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 pathogenesis.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by expansion of a CAG repeat that encodes a polyglutamine tract in ATAXIN1 (ATXN1). Molecular and genetic data indicate that SCA1 is mainly caused by a gain-of-function mechanism. However, deletion of wild-type ATXN1 enhances SCA1 pathogenesis, whereas increased levels of an evolutionarily conserved paralog of ATXN1, Ataxin 1-Like, ameliorate it. These data suggest that a partial loss of ATXN1 function contributes to SCA1. To address this possibility, we set out to determine if the SCA1 disease model (Atxn1154Q/+ mice) and the loss of Atxn1 function model (Atxn1−/− mice) share molecular changes that could potentially contribute to SCA1 pathogenesis. To identify transcriptional changes that might result from loss of function of ATXN1 in SCA1, we performed gene expression microarray studies on cerebellar RNA from Atxn1−/− and Atxn1154Q/+ cerebella and uncovered shared gene expression changes. We further show that mild overexpression of Ataxin-1-Like rescues several of the molecular and behavioral defects in Atxn1−/− mice. These results support a model in which Ataxin 1-Like overexpression represses SCA1 pathogenesis by compensating for a partial loss of function of Atxn1. Altogether, these data provide evidence that partial loss of Atxn1 function contributes to SCA1 pathogenesis and raise the possibility that loss-of-function mechanisms contribute to other dominantly inherited neurodegenerative diseases.
Relationships among Nontask Behaviors, Rated Performance, and Objective Performance Measures:

Correlations among nontask behaviors, subjective evaluations of performance, and objective performance measures were investigated for a sample of 73 machine operators. Correlation and regression an...
Dynamic Instability of a Spinning Thick Disk Under Nonconservative Traction

This paper presents the dynamic stability analysis of a spinning, thick, annular disk loaded by a circumferentially distributed frictional traction. Considering the automotive/aircraft disc brake as a representative system for this study, the brake rotor is modeled as a spinning annular disk in the context of the Mindlin's thick plate theory to ensure a more accurate estimation of the eigenvalues when the disk involves high circumferential vibration modes that are often observed in unstable disc brake rotors. The frictional traction is decomposed into in-plane and transverse components. The in-plane component is equilibrated by membrane stresses while the transverse component is a nonconservative follower-type force that is the source of the dynamic instability of the disk. The corresponding nonconservative eigenvalue problem is formulated based on the modal expansion theory for traveling waves and direct discretization technique. The brake pad or stator is modeled as a second order viscoelastic subgrade that reacts to both transverse and shearing motion of the disc brake rotor. The instability behavior of the disk is investigated by examining the resulting complex eigenvalues under various combinations of the system parameters such as frictional traction, geometry of the disk, and viscoelastic properties of the pad lining. In order to assess the effects of shear deformations and rotary inertia of the disk model under such loading conditions, results are compared with those from the classical Kirchhoff–Love's thin disk model. Based on the phase angle information of the eigenvalues, it is found that there exists a critical value of friction, slenderness ratio of the disk, and the size of pad lining at which the transverse amplitude growth rates of high circumferential vibration modes drastically increase. Unless damping is present in the disc brake rotor or pad lining, vibration modes with repeated eigenvalues are found to be always unstable either by means of divergence or flutter even for a very small nonconservative traction load.
Biotic Relationships: Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Nosocomial Pathogens

The strong selective pressure exerted by excessive use of antibiotics in the last decades has increased the acquisition of resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer. Horizontal gene transfer contributed to the diversification of microorganisms by influencing traits such as metabolic potential of a bacterial cell, antibiotic resistance, symbiosis, fitness, and adaptation. The study of biotic relationships helped to examine how they may contribute to virulence such as transfer of toxin genes, antibiotic resistance genes. The current study examines the pattern of distribution of Ambler (molecular) classes of β-lactamases (A, B, C, D) that provides a basic understanding and an initial assessment of resistance genes that may have a different role in the natural environment in free living and symbiotic nosocomial pathogens. The distribution of the four different Ambler (molecular) classes of β-lactamases (A, B, C, and D) differs among different bacterial species. The results from absolute abundance data showed prevalence of class B β-lactamases was highest in free living and lowest in symbiotic bacterial species. Interestingly, class D β-lactamases was absent in symbiotic bacterial species. However, relative abundance class D β-lactamases was lowest for free-living bacterial species. The prevalence of class B β-lactamases based upon the total number of sequences checked predominated in pathogens that are free living when compared to other Ambler classes of β-lactamases. The study of biotic relationships helps to understand what selective or stimulatory pressures are driving the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. In the future, this may help to design effective strategies for preventing further increases in the incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
The abdominal compartment syndrome is a morbid complication of postinjury damage control surgery

Abstract Background: The abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a recognized complication of damage control surgery (DCS). The purposes of this study were to (1) determine the effect of ACS on outcome after DCS, (2) identify patients at high risk for the development of ACS, and (3) determine whether ACS can be prevented by preemptive intravenous bag closure during DCS. Methods: Patients requiring postinjury DCS at our institution from January 1996 to June 2000 were divided into groups depending on whether or not they developed ACS. ACS was defined as an intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) greater than 20 mm Hg in association with increased airway pressure or impaired renal function. Results: ACS developed in 36% of the 77 patients who underwent DCS with a mean IAP prior to decompression of 26 ± 1 mm Hg. The ACS versus non-ACS groups were not significantly different in patient demographics, Injury Severity Score, emergency department vital signs, or intensive care unit admission indices (blood pressure, temperature, base deficit, cardiac index, lactate, international normalized ratio, partial thromboplastin time, and 24-hour fluid). The initial peak airway pressure after DCS was higher in those patients who went on to develop ACS. The development of ACS after DCS was associated with increased ICU stays, days of ventilation, complications, multiorgan failure, and mortality. Conclusions: ACS after postinjury DCS worsens outcome. With the exception of early elevation in peak airway pressure, we could not identify patients at higher risk for ACS; moreover, preemptive abdominal bag closure during initial DCS did not prevent this highly morbid complication.
A fuzzy linguistic ontology payoff method for aerospace real options valuation

In this paper, we present a fuzzy linguistic ontology payoff method for the valuation of real options in the aerospace industry. Using real data, we apply the fuzzy linguistic approach to determine the credibility measures and the credibilistic expected value for the fuzzy real options valuation payoff method. This approach is used to obtain a multi-scenario modeling process by envisioning three scenarios: optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic. In addition, our experience with the scenario estimates is premised on results in an operating profit forecast. This forecast corresponds to a plausible outcome within the aerospace licensing maintenance, repair, and overhaul market and provides a decision-making tool. This tool can be utilized for determining real options for project valuation of aerospace licensing revenues based on unit costs, recurring costs, and quantity of units sold.
Generation of color-constrained spanning trees with application in symbolic circuit analysis

Proves a property of the second lowest weight spanning tree with color constraint. It enables one to enumerate color-constrained spanning trees in the increasing order of their weights by generalizing existing algorithms for the uncolored problem. A version of the algorithm is implemented in a program for the approximate symbolic analysis of large analog circuits. >
Supervision for Counselors Working With Eating Disorders Groups: Countertransference Issues Related to Body Image, Food, and Weight

Because of similarities in age, education, and background, group counselors and members of eating disorders groups may easily identify and connect with each other. Although it can be positive, such overidentification may also create countertransference issues and demand attention in supervision. A model of supervision based on parallel process is presented to address these issues. The article describes (a) societal values related to eating disorders and countertransference; (b) specific themes in eating disorder groups and their impact on group process; (c) examples of countertransference related to body image, food, and weight; and (d) guidelines for supervision of female counselors working with eating disorders groups.
Agglomerating seeds to enhance native seedling emergence and growth

Summary 1. Restoration in rangelands is constrained by low establishment of species sown from seed. Nonbiotic soil-surface crust is one of the major factors limiting reseeding success by acting as a barrier to seedling emergence. 2. The objective of this study was to determine whether seedling emergence could be improved by agglomerating multiple seeds into a single pellet, so that the seedlings growing from the pellet will collectively generate sufficient force to penetrate the soil crust. To evaluate this technology, we compared seedling emergence and biomass production from agglomerated, single and non-coated seed (control) of Pseudoroegneria spicata. In the greenhouse, seeds were sown in either crust-forming clay or non-crusting sandy soil and studied for a 25-day period. Starting seed density was constant across treatments. 3. In the clay soil, seedling emergence from the agglomeration treatment was 1AE 3a nd 1 AE 9t imes higher than the single seed coating and control, respectively. In the sandy soil, the agglomeration and single seed coating responded similarly, producing 1AE4 times more seedlings than the control. 4. Biomass production followed a similar trend as plant density. In the clay soil, increased biomass of the agglomeration treatment was not only because of higher plant densities but was also a product of having greater biomass per plant. 5. Synthesis and applications. This short-duration ‘proof-of-concept’ study indicates that both the seed coating materials used to form the agglomerates and the act of agglomerating the seeds together improve P. spicata emergence and plant growth. These results also demonstrate that in the early seedling stage, facilitation outweighs competition in agglomeration plantings. Additional research is needed to verify these results in the field.
A globally convergent primal-dual active-set framework for large-scale convex quadratic optimization

We present a primal-dual active-set framework for solving large-scale convex quadratic optimization problems (QPs). In contrast to classical active-set methods, our framework allows for multiple simultaneous changes in the active-set estimate, which often leads to rapid identification of the optimal active-set regardless of the initial estimate. The iterates of our framework are the active-set estimates themselves, where for each a primal-dual solution is uniquely defined via a reduced subproblem. Through the introduction of an index set auxiliary to the active-set estimate, our approach is globally convergent for strictly convex QPs. Moreover, the computational cost of each iteration typically is only modestly more than the cost of solving a reduced linear system. Numerical results are provided, illustrating that two proposed instances of our framework are efficient in practice, even on poorly conditioned problems. We attribute these latter benefits to the relationship between our framework and semi-smooth Newton techniques.