cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypersonic Aeroelastic and Aerothermoelastic Studies Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

A framework for aerothermoelastic-stability-boundary calculation for hypersonic configurations using computational fluid dynamics combined with radial basis functions for mesh deformation is developed. Application of computational fluid dynamics enables one to consider different turbulence conditions, laminar or turbulent, and different models of the air mixture, in particular real-gas model, which accounts for dissociation of molecules at high temperature. The effect of transition on the flutter margin of the heated structure is also considered using an uncertainty-propagation framework. The aerothermoelastic-stability margin of a three-dimensional low-aspect-ratio wing, representative of a control surface of a hypersonic vehicle, is investigated for various flight conditions. The system is found to be sensitive to turbulence modeling, as well as the location of the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. Real-gas effects play a minor role for the flight conditions considered. This study demonstrates ...
The wave function of a Bloch electron in a magnetic field

It is shown that the wave function of an electron moving through a periodic lattice in a magnetic field can be written as the product of a phase factor and a series of terms of the form Fm(r)uk, m(r), where uk, m(r) is the periodic part of the zero-field Bloch function for state k in band m, and Fm(r) is a smooth envelope function. The wave vector k is allowed to vary with r, and a coupled set of equations is derived for the functions Fm(r), the coefficients of which depend on the form of k(r). In the absence of magnetic breakdown, one envelope function Fl(r) is much larger than the others, and the coupled set reduces to a single equation for Fl. If k(r) is suitably chosen, Fl(r) is localized around a quantum reference orbit Q, which itself lies very close to the semi-classical orbit in the lth band. The difference in areas between the two orbits yields the value of the phase correction term γ in the Onsager quantization rule, and it is found that, if field-dependent correction terms are neglected, γ = ½ for all orbits. The effect of lattice imperfections on orbit quantization is discussed, and it is shown that this problem can be treated semi-classically.
Series expansion for mesonic masses in multicolor QCD

A systematic procedure for the calculation of mesonic masses in QCD with large number of colors is proposed. The masses are expanded in terms of an auxiliary parameter α, which is set to 1 at the end of the calculation. The expansion coefficients are expressed in general in terms of the Feynman integrals of QCD. The terms of order αn involve diagrams with n loops. Explicit expressions are found up to α3. These terms appear to be rather small, so that one may try to extrapolate to α = 1. The qualitative properties of the spectrum are plausible, but for quantitative predictions further calculations are required.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIET UPON NECROSIS CAUSED BY HEPATIC AND RENAL POISONS : PART II. DIET AND THE NEPHRITIS CAUSED BY POTASSIUM CHROMATE, URANIUM NITRATE, OR CHLOROFORM.

Diet exerts a profound influence upon the toxicity (tested in the omnivorous white rat) of certain substances, namely, chloroform, phosphorus, potassium chromate, and uranium nitrate, which cause necrosis of the parenchymatous cells of the liver or of the kidney. Susceptibility to intoxication with all of these substances is less after a diet rich in carbohydrate than after a diet consisting of meat. Carbohydrates protect the parenchymatous cells of the liver or of the kidneys from necrosis caused by any one of these substances. Chloroform is much more toxic to animals which have received a diet consisting in great part of fat than to those which have received meat. When fat is fed to the white rat fatty infiltration occurs in the centers of the hepatic lobules and in the loops of Henle of the kidney. The necrosis caused by chloroform has the same location. The solubility of chloroform in fat determines the increased susceptibility of animals which have received fat and stored it in the parenchymatous cells of the liver and kidney. Susceptibility to intoxication with phosphorus which causes fatty degeneration and necrosis of the liver is not increased by a diet of fat. Necrosis caused by phosphorus occurs in the periphery of the hepatic lobule and exhibits maximum intensity in animals which have received meat. Susceptibility to intoxication with potassium chromate which causes nephritis with necrosis of the convoluted tubules of the kidney is not greater after a diet of fat than after a diet of meat. Susceptibility to intoxication with uranium nitrate which causes nephritis with advanced necrosis of renal tubules is increased by a diet of fat. The loops of Henle, in which fat is abundant after a diet of fat, are the chief site of necrosis.
The Quality of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Primary Care Perspective

The bulk of cervical cancer screening is performed by primary care providers; mostly nurses and physicians. The literature regarding the quality of this screening is largely described from three pe...
NOSOCOMIAL LEGIONELLOSIS IN SURGICAL PATIENTS WITH HEAD-AND-NECK CANCER: IMPLICATIONS FOR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESERVOIR AND MODE OF TRANSMISSION

A prospective pneumonia study was conducted simultaneously on head-and-neck surgery wards at two hospitals over 2 years; one hospital had a water supply contaminated with Legionella pneumophila but no record of having had a case of legionella pneumonia, and the other had just decontaminated its water supply because of known endemic nosocomial legionellosis. Special laboratory tests for legionella were done on all cases of nosocomial pneumonia irrespective of clinical impression. Over the first 18 months, the rate of nosocomial legionellosis was 30% at the first hospital and 0% at the second. Patients who underwent laryngectomy did not acquire the disease. Hyperchlorination at the first hospital was followed by a fall (p less than 0.01) in legionella pneumonias. Thus legionella pneumonias can be overlooked if special laboratory tests are not applied routinely, and surgical patients with head-and-neck cancer may be at high risk of nosocomial legionellosis because of the potential for pulmonary aspiration of contaminated water or orophyaryngeal microflora and/or frequent manipulation of the respiratory tract. This study demonstrates the benefits of examining the environment for legionella despite the absence of documented disease.
Archaeological associations with extinct pleistocene mammals in North America

Abstract It has often been argued that there are insufficient associations between extinct Pleistocene mammalian genera and cultural materials to support the argument that human predation played a major role in causing the extinctions. This argument assumes that there are many records for most or all of the extinct mammals that date to the very end of the Pleistocene. An analysis of a sample of radiocarbon dated sites with extinct mammals and younger than 12,000 BP suggests that this criticism of the overkill hypothesis is weakly based.
A method for measuring nonelectrolyte partition coefficients between liposomes and water.

This series of papers describes methods for measuring solute partition coefficients between membrane suspensions and water, and applies these methods to the system dimyristoyl lecithin: water. Knowledge of partition coefficients is relevant to analyzing permeability coefficients, probing membrane structure, and evaluating permeation models. The theoretical section of this first paper derives equations to correct measured partition coefficients for the effects of trapped water in the precipitate, tritium exchange with lipids or membranes and nonsolvent water adjacent to membranes. The experimental section presents methods for measuring partition coefficients in liposomes of dimyristoyl lecithin, including techniques for minimizing effects of counter drift and quenching on double-label radioactive counting. These methods offer advantages in measuring membrane: water partition coefficients that are not high.
Applicability of indicator monitoring to ecological risk assessment

Abstract Although ecological risk assessment (ERA) and environmental monitoring would seem to be potentially complimentary activities, they have been disjunct in practice. This is because of differences in goals and products. Environmental monitoring determines status and trends in indicators to determine whether the environment is improving. ERA estimates effects of stressors on endpoint attributes to support decision making. Indicators are, by definition, indicative of some unmeasured condition. Assessment endpoints are valued properties of the environment that are susceptible to stressors of concern. Indicators are justified by the logic of the monitoring program, which may be self-referential. Assessment endpoints are justified by their potential susceptibility and by environmental policies and public values. Indicators are often expressed in terms of indices or scores that obscure the actual condition of the environment. Because assessment endpoints must be clear to decision makers and the public, they require real units of actual environmental properties. Monitoring programs are peripherally concerned about causal relationships, while risk assessment is devoted to elucidating causal relationships. As a result, risk assessments may use the results of monitoring studies, but only after disaggregating the indicators to their components and choosing those that are appropriate. Monitoring programs could be more useful if they used a risk-based approach to address important problems rather than simply tracking indicators.
Neutropenia and neoplasia: an overview of the pharmacoeconomics of sargramostim in cancer therapy

Sargramostim is a myeloid growth factor that is widely used as adjunctive support in patients with neutropenia. Sargramostim enhances neutrophil recovery and myeloid engraftment, reduces infectious complications, and shortens the duration of hospitalization in selected patients. The high cost of sargramostim and other myeloid growth factors and their ability to reduce infections and days of hospitalization have generated interest in their pharmacoeconomic impact. Cost minimization studies in patients receiving chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia and in recipients of autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) show estimated cost savings with sargramostim of 1996 US$12,513 and 1994 US$14,500, respectively. These data are consistent with cost savings of 1989 US$16,000 using molgramostim in autologous BMT recipients. Although no pharmacoeconomic data have been published in patients with other conditions, clinical outcomes research demonstrates a clear benefit for sargramostim administration in recipients of peripheral blood progenitor cell and allogeneic BMT and in patients who experience graft delay or failure. Because of reductions in the duration of hospitalization and infectious complications, economic outcomes of these conditions would probably also support sargramostim use. More data regarding the use of sargramostim for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia are required to properly assess the pharmacoeconomic impact in these patients.
THE BIOLOGICAL ARYLATION OF PROTEINS IN VITRO BY A METABOLITE OF THE CARCINOGEN N-2-FLUORENYLACETAMIDE.

Abstract The sequential metabolic pathway leading to the arylation of proteins by the carcinogen, N-2-fiuorenylacetamide, has been studied in rat liver slices in vitro . The differential binding of 14 C-labeled N-2-fluorenylacetamide, N-(1-hydroxy-2-fluorenyl) acetamide, and 2-amino-1-fluorenol to the proteins of the various liver cell fractions indicated that metabolism to the o -hydroxy derivative was required for protein binding. Comparison of the protein-labeling pattern of acetyl- 14 C- and 1- 14 C-labeled N-(1-hydroxy-2-fluorenyl) acetamide conclusively demonstrated that deacetylation preceded the protein arylation reaction. The microsomal and mitochondrial proteins were more selectively labeled than the soluble proteins, although the soluble proteins were likewise radioactive when liver slices were incubated with 1- 14 C-labeled N-(1-hydroxy-2-fluorenyl) acetamide. The binding to mitochondrial proteins was very likely catalyzed by mitochondrial cytochrome c-cytochrome oxidase, since, in a model system, cytochrome c-cytochrome oxidase catalyzed the oxidative arylation of 2-amino-l-fluorenol to exogenously added bovine serum albumin.
Assignment of probabilities to events for combat simulation

Multi trajectory simulation allows explicit management of random events by allowing particular events to be resolved by random draw, by a deterministic choice, or by creating new states to allow following multiple trajectories. The policy for resolution method is under the control of the analyst, and may depend on event type, trajectory probability, or even some metric indicating the trajectory importance. However, taking advantage of the technique for exploring possible outcome spaces requires a probabilistic modeling of events that, in simulations of ground combat, are often treated as deterministic, such as decisionmaking. Even for events such as attrition, which have long been modeled as stochastic, how should the full event outcome set be sampled if one is only to keep two or three samples? This paper explores these issues with the goal of outlining what kinds of data would be needed to fully exploit multi trajectory methods in a combat simulation context.
Online/In-Store Integration and Customer Retention:

Reducing the risks believed to be associated with product availability can be critical to increasing consumer retention rates. This study considers the role that perceptions of channel integration ...
Improved wood–plastic composites through better processing

Abstract Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) undergo cyclic dimensional changes due to periodic absorption and desorption of moisture, and the resulting loss of mechanical integrity can be ameliorated using a coupling agent. Another solution is better processing. Here, we examine injection-molded, polypropylene (PP)-based wood–plastic composites and investigate why the rate of moisture absorption can be reduced by changing extruder operating conditions. At a given wood content, the mechanical properties were found to be similar, but the use of high screw rotation speeds, whether in the co-rotation or counter-rotation modes, and long residence times gave lower rates of moisture absorption even in the absence of a coupling agent.
Identification of the Erythrocyte Rh Blood Group Glycoprotein as a Mammalian Ammonium Transporter

Abstract The Rh blood group proteins are well known as the erythrocyte targets of the potent antibody response that causes hemolytic disease of the newborn. These proteins have been described in molecular detail; however, little is known about their function. A transport function is suggested by their predicted structure and from phylogenetic analysis. To obtain evidence for a role in solute transport, we expressed Rh proteins in Xenopusoocytes and now demonstrate that the erythroid Rh-associated glycoprotein mediates uptake of ammonium across cell membranes. Rh-associated glycoprotein carrier-mediated uptake, characterized with the radioactive analog of ammonium [14C]methylamine (MA), had an apparent EC50 of 1.6 mm and a maximum uptake rate (V max) of 190 pmol/oocyte/min. Uptake was independent of the membrane potential and the Na+ gradient. MA transport was stimulated by raising extracellular pH or by lowering intracellular pH, suggesting that uptake was coupled to an outwardly directed H+ gradient. MA uptake was insensitive to additions of amiloride, amine-containing compounds tetramethyl- and tetraethylammonium chloride, glutamine, and urea. However, MA uptake was significantly antagonized by ammonium chloride with inhibition kinetics (IC50 = 1.14 mm) consistent with the hypothesis that the uptake of MA and ammonium involves a similar H+-coupled counter-transport mechanism.
Undesirable Cytokeratin Immunoreactivity of Native Nonepithelial Cells in Sentinel Lymph Nodes From Patients With Breast Carcinoma

Abstract Context.—Use of cytokeratin immunohistochemistry on histologically negative sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with breast carcinoma has been shown to be efficient in detecting false-negative nodes. Several recent studies have shown that micrometastases detected by immunohistochemistry constitute an independent predictor of disease-free period and overall survival for breast cancer patients. It has been demonstrated that the fibroblastic type of reticulum cells in lymph nodes also express cytokeratin, and unawareness of such cytokeratin reactivity in SLNs could result in difficulty in the interpretation of the results of immunohistochemistry. Objectives.—To study the incidence of undesirable cytokeratin reactivity in reticulum cells and other native nonepithelial cells of SLNs and to compare the immunoreactivity of 3 commonly used cytokeratin antibodies (AE1/AE3, pancytokeratin [pan-CK], and CAM5.2). Design.—Immunohistochemistry with pan-CK, AE1/AE3, and CAM5.2 antibodies was performed on pa...
Characterization of suspended particles in Everglades wetlands

We report the concentration, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) content, and size and chemical fractionation of fine suspended particles (0.2–100 mm) and colloids (3 kilodalton [kDa]–0.1 mm) in the surface water of Everglades wetlands along regional and P-enrichment gradients. Total suspended sediment concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 2.7 mg L21. Total particulate P concentrations increased from 0.05 mmol L21 to 0.31 mmol L21 along the Penrichment gradient. Particles contained from 20% to 43% of total P but ,12% of total N in surface water. Dissolved (,0.2 mm) organic N contained about 90% of total N, with the 3–100-kDa colloidal size class containing the most N of any size class. The 0.45–2.7-mm size fraction held the most particulate P at all sites, whereas particulate N was most abundant in the 2.7–10-mm size class at most sites. Standard chemical fractionation of particles identified acid-hydrolyzable P as the most abundant species of particulate P, with little reactive or refractory organic P. Sequential chemical extraction revealed that about 65% of total particulate P was microbial, while about 25% was associated with humic and fulvic organic matter. The size and chemical fractionation information suggested that P-rich particles mostly consisted of suspended bacteria. Suspended particles in Everglades wetlands were small in size and had low concentrations, yet they stored a large proportion of surface-water P in intermediately reactive forms, but they held little N. Suspended particulate matter plays a large role in the cycling and transport of energy and nutrients in aquatic ecosystems. In particular, phosphorus (P) transport and reactivity are strongly associated with suspended sediment in streams and rivers (Froelich 1988; Meybeck 1982; Fox 1993). Particulate and colloidal P fractions are especially important for the transport of P from agricultural fields to streams (Heathwaite et al. 2000). A large proportion of P exported in streams is also associated with fine particulate organic matter (,1 mm; Meyer and Likens 1979). Thus, nutrient spiralling models for streams and rivers incorporate the differential transport and biogeochemistry of particulate and dissolved nutrients (Webster and Patten 1979). In lakes, suspended particles and colloids (Lean 1973) and small bacterioplankton (Currie and Kalff 1984) are also very important to P cycling. Furthermore, suspended particles quickly incorporate inorganic P in
High-speed synchronous reluctance machine with minimized rotor losses

This paper presents a refined design of a high-speed synchronous reluctance machine with minimized eddy-current losses in the rotor. Design criteria are high power capability, ability of the rotor to withstand high speeds, ability to operate in vacuum, negligible zero-torque spinning losses, high reliability, high efficiency, and low manufacturing cost. The rotor of the synchronous reluctance machine consists of bonded sections of ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic steels. A finite element code, incorporating rotor rotation, has been developed in MATLAB that calculates steady-state motionally-induced eddy currents (and losses) in the rotor. A stator iron and stator winding have been designed to minimize rotor losses, and two such prototype machines have been fabricated. Experimental results show an efficiency of 91% at a 10 kW, 10000 rpm operating point, and negligible rotor heating.
Hybrid vigour in seedlings of re-created London plane.

THE London plane (Platanus × acerifolia (Ait.) Willd. = P. × hispanica Muenchh.) has long been regarded as an accidental hybrid between the oriental plane (P. orientalis L.) and the American plane (P. occidentalis L.). The segregation of characters in populations of seedlings derived from open pollination of London planes is evidence of this hybrid origin. Whether the tree originated at the Oxford Botanic Garden about 1670 (ref. 1) or developed earlier may never be known. Regardless of its origin, the London plane has proved extremely valuable as a tree that will endure the difficult environments of modern cities.
G-closures of a Set of Isotropic Dielectrics with Respect to One-Dimensional Wave Propagation

This chapter is about G-closures (i.e., the sets of invariant properties) of the regular mixtures of two isotropic dielectrics distributed in 1D + time. It begins with the conservation law of the wave impedance through one-dimensional wave propagation along a DM-polycrystal. This is a kinetic laminate assembled in 1D + time of fragments of the same dielectric brought into a relative longitudinal motion. This conservation law is then extended to any regular assembly of two arbitrary (activated or kinetic) dielectrics in 1D + time. G-closure of any number of such dielectrics can be characterized on the basis of this law. Some special features of dynamic G-closures are discussed through the comparison with similar results known in the static conditions.
Optimal Overlapped Message Passing Decoding of Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Codes

Efficient hardware implementation of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is of great interest since LDPC codes are being considered for a wide range of applications. Recently, overlapped message passing (OMP) decoding has been proposed to improve the throughput and hardware utilization efficiency (HUE) of decoder architectures for LDPC codes. In this paper, we first study the scheduling for the OMP decoding of LDPC codes, and show that maximizing the throughput gain amounts to minimizing the intra- and inter-iteration waiting times. We then focus on the OMP decoding of quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC codes. We propose a partly parallel OMP decoder architecture and implement it using FPGA. For any QC LDPC code, our OMP decoder achieves the maximum throughput gain and HUE due to overlapping, hence has higher throughput and HUE than previously proposed OMP decoders while maintaining the same hardware requirements. We also show that the maximum throughput gain and HUE achieved by our OMP decoder are ultimately determined by the given code. Thus, we propose a coset-based construction method, which results in QC LDPC codes that allow our optimal OMP decoder to achieve higher throughput and HUE.
The future of hydrogeology, then and now: a look back at O.E. Meinzer's perspectives, 1934 to 1947.

During the past 5 years, there have been lively andthoughtful discussions within the community of hydro-geologic researchers in North America about the futureof the discipline (Belitz 2001; Schwartz and Ibaraki2001; Miller and Gray 2002; Phillips 2002; Schwartzet al. 2002; Voss 2005). These discussions have focusedin large part on the question of whether, as Schwartz andIbaraki (2001) have contended following journal citationanalyses, ‘‘ground water research is ...mature and close toaging ...and the number of truly impactful problems ...have dwindled to just a few’’ (492). The idea that hydro-geology has reached this state as a discipline appears tobe recent, but stocktaking of hydrogeology’s past andfuture is not new. O.E. Meinzer, arguably the most influ-ential American hydrogeologist during the first half ofthe 20th century, engaged in such stocktaking. In thisnote, I review Meinzer’s comments, and I point to hydro-geologic issues that have emerged and those that havepersisted since his time.
Polyneuropathy and IgM monoclonal gammopathy: Studies on the pathogenetic role of anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein antibody

Attention has recently been directed toward patients having a polyneuropathy and a monoclonal IgM anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) antibody. The possibility of a pathogenetic role for the anti-MAG antibody in the evolution of the polyneuropathy and in the development of central nervous system signs, including tremor and ataxia, remains unresolved. In 5 patients with this syndrome whose clinical courses were followed closely, in 1 of whom a complete postmortem examination of the nervous system was performed, we made the following observations: the anti-MAG antibody did not localize to the compact layer of the myelin sheath in affected nerves, but did localize to areas of myelin splitting; anti-MAG antibody present in the sural nerve of an affected individual for 7 years was not associated with progressive pathology; anti-MAG antibody was not deposited in the central nervous system of an affected individual, although the antibody did bind to these same tissues in vitro; deposition of anti-MAG antibody observed at postmortem examination did not correlate with the degree of pathological change; and study of the peripheral nervous system favored a primary axonal neuropathy with secondary demyelination.
The Roles of Perceived Travel Benefits, Importance, and Constraints in Predicting Travel Behavior

Previous studies have demonstrated the experiential, health, and relaxation benefits of leisure travel. Building on the model of attitude importance, this research further examined how Americans perceive travel benefits and how their perceptions influence their travel behavior. The results showed that the three factors of travel benefits—experiential, health, and relaxation benefits, had positive effects on frequency of travel through perceived importance of traveling. These findings suggest that the tourism industry can encourage the public to purchase more tourism services by showing them tourism provides benefits beyond satisfaction and enjoyment. However, it was also found that perceived travel constraints had negative effects on travel behavior through perceived travel benefits and importance of traveling, which suggests that it is crucial for employers to understand the benefits of travel and encourage their employees to use their vacation days.
Abnormal CX3CR1⁺ lamina propria myeloid cells from intestinal transplant recipients with NOD2 mutations.

Although progress has been made in intestinal transplantation, chronic inflammation remains a challenge. We have reported that the risk of immunological graft loss is almost 100-fold greater in recipients who carry any of the prevalent NOD2 polymorphisms associated with Crohn's disease, and have shown that the normal levels of a key antimicrobial peptide produced by the Paneth cells of the allograft, fall as the graft becomes repopulated by hematopoietic cells of the NOD2 mutant recipient. These studies are extended in this report. Within several months following engraftment into a NOD2 mutant recipient the allograft loses its capacity to prevent adherence of lumenal microbes. Despite the significantly increased expression of CX3CL1, a stress protein produced by the injured enterocyte, NOD2 mutant CX3CR1+ myeloid cells within the lamina propria fail to exhibit the characteristic morphological phenotype, and fail to express key genes required expressed by NOD2 wild-type cells, including Wnt 5a. We propose that the CX3CR1+ myeloid cell within the lamina propria supports normal Paneth cell function through expression of Wnt 5a, and that this function is impaired in the setting of intestinal transplantation into a NOD2 mutant recipient. The therapeutic value of Wnt 5a administration in this setting is proposed.
The national simulation laboratory: the unifying tool for air traffic control system development

The authors report on efforts within the Federal Aviation Administration to develop a national simulation laboratory (NSL) for the study of advanced concepts in air traffic control (ATC). The NSL is intended to serve as a resource to developers and managers for studying future ATC concepts in an integrated multisystem environment. The authors also describe work on the NSL's precursor activity, the integration and interaction laboratory (I-Lab), which is helping to develop the core capabilities necessary for the NSL and to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the program. >
Time-dependent ARMA modeling of genomic sequences.

Background Over the past decade, many investigators have used sophisticated time series tools for the analysis of genomic sequences. Specifically, the correlation of the nucleotide chain has been studied by examining the properties of the power spectrum. The main limitation of the power spectrum is that it is restricted to stationary time series. However, it has been observed over the past decade that genomic sequences exhibit non-stationary statistical behavior. Standard statistical tests have been used to verify that the genomic sequences are indeed not stationary. More recent analysis of genomic data has relied on time-varying power spectral methods to capture the statistical characteristics of genomic sequences. Techniques such as the evolutionary spectrum and evolutionary periodogram have been successful in extracting the time-varying correlation structure. The main difficulty in using time-varying spectral methods is that they are extremely unstable. Large deviations in the correlation structure results from very minor perturbations in the genomic data and experimental procedure. A fundamental new approach is needed in order to provide a stable platform for the non-stationary statistical analysis of genomic sequences.
Towards integrating pattern reconfigurable antennas in WiMAX/LTE radios

The integration and deployment of pattern reconfigurable antenna arrays in real-world wireless systems have been inhibited by the prohibitively high costs of implementation and integration infrastructure. As a result, many research institutions have turned to Software-Defined Radio (SDR) solutions as a cost-efficient alternative. This work discusses various relevant platforms that could be used for integrating pattern reconfigurable antennas in 4G radios. We also leverage an open, programmable testbed to evaluate the performance of a pattern reconfigurable antenna array as part of the holistic wireless system.
Harmonic motion detection in a vibrating scattering medium

Elasticity imaging is an emerging medical imaging modality that seeks to map the spatial distribution of tissue stiffness. Ultrasound radiation force excitation and motion tracking using pulse-echo ultrasound have been used in numerous methods. Dynamic radiation force is used in vibrometry to cause an object or tissue to vibrate, and the vibration amplitude and phase can be measured with exceptional accuracy. This paper presents a model that simulates harmonic motion detection in a vibrating scattering medium incorporating 3-D beam shapes for radiation force excitation and motion tracking. A parameterized analysis using this model provides a platform to optimize motion detection for vibrometry applications in tissue. An experimental method that produces a multifrequency radiation force is also presented. Experimental harmonic motion detection of simultaneous multifrequency vibration is demonstrated using a single transducer. This method can accurately detect motion with displacement amplitude as low as 100 to 200 nm in bovine muscle. Vibration phase can be measured within 10deg or less. The experimental results validate the conclusions observed from the model and show multifrequency vibration induction and measurements can be performed simultaneously.
A Scanning Method for Drawing Root Loci for Sample-Data Feedback Systems

Procedures that are efficient in classical manual computing techniques are frequently inefficient for use on digital computers; for example, as pointed out by Polak, the Nyquist criterion we have had for years turns out to be quite incompatible in CAD. Similarly, the Evans root locus method is not quite compatible with modern design technique either, when we examine it carefully from the CAD point of view. This paper presents a scanning method and a graphical procedure for drawing the root locus. The problem of complex-root finding is converted into a real-root-finding one and a higher order polynomial complex factoring problem is reduced to a much lower order polynomial real-root-finding problem on the one hand, the Evans rules are complemented for drawing the discrete root locus on the other. Not only all the critical information required in the Evans method can be easily found for the discrete case, but also the detailed picture of the root locus is obtained accurately through the scanning.
NF‐κB p50 and p52 Expression Is Not Required for RANK‐Expressing Osteoclast Progenitor Formation but Is Essential for RANK‐ and Cytokine‐Mediated Osteoclastogenesis

Expression of RANKL by stromal cells and of RANK and both NF-κB p50 and p52 by osteoclast precursors is essential for osteoclast formation. To examine further the role of RANKL, RANK, and NF-κB signaling in this process, we used NF-κB p50−/−;p52−/− double knockout (dKO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Osteoclasts formed in cocultures of WT osteoblasts with splenocytes from WT mice but not from dKO mice, a finding unchanged by addition of RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). NF-κB dKO splenocytes formed more colony-forming unit granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies than WT cells, but no osteoclasts were formed from dKO CFU-GM colonies. RANKL increased the number of CFU-GM colonies twofold in WT cultures but not in dKO cultures. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of splenocytes from NF-κB dKO mice revealed a two-to threefold increase in the percentage of CD11b (Mac-1) and RANK double-positive cells compared with WT controls. Treatment of NF-κB dKO splenocytes with interleukin (IL)-1, TNF-α, M-CSF, GM-CSF, and IL-6 plus soluble IL-6 receptor did not rescue the osteoclast defect. No increase in apoptosis was observed in cells of the osteoclast lineage in NF-κB dKO or p50−/−;p52+/− (3/4KO) mice. Thus, NF-κB p50 and p52 expression is not required for formation of RANK-expressing osteoclast progenitors but is essential for RANK-expressing osteoclast precursors to differentiate into TRAP+ osteoclasts in response to RANKL and other osteoclastogenic cytokines.
Heat Transfer Enhancement Measurement for Microfabricated Electrostatic Fluid Accelerators

Air cooling, because of its simplicity, remains as the most popular cooling solution for microelectronics in the consumer market. However, the trend of increasing heat generation in microelectronics and the demand for compact devices result in heat fluxes approaching the limit of conventional rotary fan air cooling technology. Electrostatic fluid accelerators (EFAs), also known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) ionic wind pumps, have the potential of becoming a critical element of electronic thermal management solutions. In this technique, application of voltage to a sharp electrode ionizes air molecules, which are propelled by the electric field, transferring part of their energy to neutral air molecules, thus creating airflow and cooling. The airflow, so called ";corona wind";, can be used discretely for hot spot cooling or integrated into a compact thermal exchange surface to decrease the fluid boundary layer and increase heat transfer enhancement. The EFA investigated in this study consists of a microfabricated AFM-cantilever corona electrode using combination of deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and reactive ion etching (RIE), and a flat collecting electrode that doubles as the thermal exchange surface. The fabrication and testing results of a microfabricated EFA are presented in paper. Free and EFA-enhanced forced convection heat transfers are both reported by measuring the heating power difference of the collecting electrode under constant surface temperature.
Traffic classification using visual motifs: an empirical evaluation

In this paper, we explore the effectiveness of using graphical methods for isolating the differences between common application protocols---both in their transient and steady-state behavior. Specifically, we take advantage of the observation that many Internet application protocols proscribe a very specific series of client/server interactions that are clearly visible in the sizes and timing of packets produced at the network layer and below. We show how so-called "visual motifs" built on these features can be used to assist a human operator to recognize application protocols in unidentified traffic. From a practical point of view, visual traffic classification can be used, for example, for anomaly detection to verify that all traffic to a web server on TCP port 80 does indeed exhibit the characteristic behavior patterns of HTTP, or for misuse detection to find unauthorized servers or to identify traffic generated by prohibited applications. We present our technique for building a classifier based on the notion of visual motifs and report on our experience using this technique to automatically classify on-the-wire behavioral patterns from network flow data collected from a campus network. Specifically, we analyze over 1 billion flows corresponding to over 5 million sessions on nearly 200 distinct ports and show that our approach achieves high recall and precision.
Acropora spp.: Water Quantity, Water Quality, and Threatened Florida Corals

On May 9, 2006, NOAA listed two species of coral - elkhorn coral and staghorn coral - as threatened species under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). The presence of these two species in the Florida Keys brings into sharp relief the intertwined relationship of water quantity and water quality in southern Florida and may require changes to the ongoing efforts to restore the Florida Everglades, especially in light of the fact that Everglades water quality restoration efforts address phosphorus pollution rather than nitrogen pollution, which is more important to the corals off southern Florida. This short article reviews the 2006 coral listing and its import for southern Florida's dual ecosystem management.
Post-Harvest Properties of Tomato and Effect on Its Marketing Efficiency

In this study the effect of post-harvest properties of tomato on its marketing efficiency was investigated by surveying 60 tomato marketers. Surveyed tomato marketers were purposively selected from two major tomato markets (Ogbegonogo and Igbodo markets) in Delta state, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from the respondents with the use of observation and interview schedule. Data collected were analyzed using price correlation coefficient and shephered-futrel coefficient of marketing efficiency. From the result, the price correlation between the two markets was 0.7 indicating the presence of fairly high spatial price integration. However, inter seasonal price correlation coefficient of 0.4 implies the existence of weak inter seasonal price integration in the tomato marketing system. The Shephered-Futrel coefficient of marketing efficiency of 78.15% suggests that the level of marketing efficiency of tomatoes in the study area is low (21.8%). Further analysis of data revealed that profitability and hence efficiency of tomato marketers is significantly affected by post-harvest perishability in the study area. It is recommended that marketing infrastructures should be provided to improve post-harvest properties of tomato and its marketing efficiency.
Detection and enumeration of Salmonella enteritidis in fresh and stored eggs laid by experimentally infected hens

Laying hens were orally inoculated with a phage type 13a strain of Salmonella enteritidis (SE). Eggs laid by the infected hens were collected daily between the 4th and 14th d postinoculation and randomly allocated into three groups. One group of eggs was sampled on the day of collection, one group was held for 7 d at 7.2°C before sampling, and one group was held for 7 d at 25°C before sampling. The frequency and level of detectable contamination of egg contents by SE were determined for each group. Only 3% of the freshly laid eggs and 4% of the eggs held for 7 d at refrigerator temperature were identified as having SE-contaminated contents, whereas SE was isolated from the contents of 16% of eggs held for 7 d at room temperature. Enumeration of SE in contaminated eggs indicated greater numbers of SE in eggs held for 7 d at 25°C than in eggs from the other two groups, although most contaminated eggs in all three groups contained relatively small numbers of SE (generally less than 10/ml and rarely exceeding 100/ml).
The crystallization and properties of sputter deposited lithium niobite

Abstract Sputter deposition of the thin film memristor material, lithium niobite (LiNbO2) is performed by co-deposition from a lithium oxide (Li2O) and a niobium target. Crystalline films that are textured about the (101) orientation are produced under room temperature conditions. This material displays memristive hysteresis and exhibits XPS spectra similar to MBE and bulk grown LiNbO2. Various deposition parameters were investigated resulting in variations in the deposition rate, film crystallinity, oxygen to niobium ratio, and mean niobium oxidation state. The results of this study allow for the routine production of large area LiNbO2 films at low substrate temperature useful in hybrid-integration of memristor, optical, and energy storage applications.
Coping with Congenital Hand Differences

Background: Although functional outcomes following reconstruction for congenital hand differences are frequently described, much less is known regarding children’s ability to cope with the psychosocial effects of these conditions. The authors qualitatively explored stress and coping mechanisms among children following reconstructive surgery for congenital hand differences. Methods: Forty patients and their parents participated in semistructured interviews examining children’s stress related to hand functioning and appearance, emotional responses to stress, and coping strategies. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. A consensus taxonomy for classifying content evolved from comparisons of coding by two reviewers. Themes expressed by participants were studied for patterns of connection and grouped into broader categories. Results: In this sample, 58 percent of children and 40 percent of parents reported stress related to congenital hand differences, attributed to functional deficits (61 percent), hand appearance (27 percent), social interactions (58 percent), and emotional reactions (46 percent). Among the 18 children who reported stress, 43 percent of parents were not aware of the presence of stress. Eight coping strategies emerged, including humor (12 percent), self-acceptance (21 percent), avoidance (27 percent), seeking external support (30 percent), concealment (30 percent), educating others (9 percent), support programs (21 percent), and religion (24 percent). Conclusions: Although children with congenital hand differences often experience emotional stress related to functional limitations and aesthetic deformities, many apply positive coping mechanisms that enhance self-esteem. Clinicians caring for children with congenital hand differences should inform families about potential sources of stress to direct resources toward strengthening coping strategies and support systems.
Soybean Oil Meal, Solvent and Hydraulic Cottonseed Meals in Chick Diets

Abstract The bulk of the experimental evidence suggests that solvent and press-extracted soybean oil meals have a similar value as protein supplements for chick growth. Few studies have been reported comparing solvent and press-extracted cottonseed meals. Groschke et al. (1947) have shown that gland-free solvent-extracted cottonseed meal was superior to commercial cottonseed meal for growth in chicks from 2 to 6 weeks of age. Boatner et al. (1948) in an extensive study of cottonseed meal concluded that the pigment glands of the cottonseed kernels contain all of the components injurious to chicks. Their results indicated that components of the glands other than gossypol or gossypurpurin have a deleterious effect on chick growth. In this note the results of some growth trials are reported in which solvent and hydraulic extracted cottonseed meals were compared with solvent soybean oil meal. The percentage of protein in the samples of oil meals was 49.4, 40.0, . . .
Forecasting Peak Seasonal Capture of Sugar beet Root Maggot (Diptera: Otitidae) with Sticky-Stake Traps in Idaho

Seasonal capture of adult sugar beet root maggots, Tetanops myopaeformis (Roder), was monitored with Blickenstaff & Peckenpaugh sticky-stake traps at 83 commercial sugar beet fields in Idaho during 1980-1984. Published models of postdiapause larval development were inadequate predictors of adult £ light activity and capture. Forecasts of peak adult capture were improved by accounting for larval development before 1 April and for suppression of adult £light activity when maximum daily air temperature was <26.7°C. The best predictive model of peak capture was the first day on which maximum air temperature exceeded 26.7°C following 200 degree-days (DD8.6°C) after 1 March. Independent validation indicates that this model provided forecasts with ±5-day accuracy at 87.5% of the fields examined.
Vaccination Coverage of Influenza A(H1N1) and the Influential Factors Among Child-care Staff in Bao'an District of Shenzhen City

Objective To understand the vaccination coverage of influenza A(H1N1) and the its influential factors among child-care staff in Bao'an district of Shenzhen.Methods A survey of random sampling was carried out for 530 health-care workers from 100 kindergartens with anonymous questionnaire.Descriptive statistical analysis,Rank sum test,χ 2 test and Logistic regression analysis were used for univariate analysis and multivariate analysis to evaluate influential factors of vaccine coverage.Results The vaccination coverage rate of influenza A(H1N1) in child-care staff in Bao'an district of Shenzhen was 39.96%%,the main reason for un-inoculation was concerning about side effects.The multivariate analysis showed that the sex[male,odds ratio(OR)= 3.193,95% confidence interval(CI)=1.285-7.936],being sanitarian and nursery governess(sanitarian,OR=12.583,95%CI=2.825-56.082;nursery governess,OR=7.581,95%CI=1.881-30.554),length of service(11-15,OR=6.299,95%CI=1.169-33.945) and with a seasonal influenza vaccination in the past three years(vaccinated,OR=8.856,95%CI=4.139-18.703;obscurity,OR=4.322,95%CI=1.588-11.766) were correlated with influenza A(H1N1) vaccination(P0.05).Conclusion The child-care staff in Bao'an had high vaccination coverage of influenza A(H1N1).It is important to strengthen the propaganda of the effectiveness and security of influenza A(H1N1) vaccine,especially to women,being teacher,people who have length of service less than five years and without the history of seasonal influenza vaccination in the past three years.