cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lumbar intervertebral body fusion cages: histological evaluation of clinically failed cages retrieved from humans.

Background Although interbody cages are widely used, there is little histological documentation of the tissue within cages in the human spine. The purpose of this study was to describe the contents of retrieved, clinically failed, interbody cages from human patients, with special reference to the influence of graft type on the viability of bone in the cages. Methods Seventy-eight cages that had been retrieved from forty-eight patients were analyzed. There were eight carbon-fiber cages and seventy threaded metal cages. Of the sixty-seven cages for which information about grafting was available, fifty-six had been packed with autograft only, six had local autograft mixed with demineralized bone matrix, four had allograft, and one had demineralized bone matrix only. The indications for cage retrieval included a failed fusion, malposition or migration of the cage, trauma (a compression fracture at the fusion site), low-back pain, progressive spondylosis, nerve-root impingement, and/or infection. The cages had been in situ for an average of twenty-two months. Undecalcified sections through the center of each plastic embedded cage were reviewed, and the approximate areas occupied by viable bone, necrotic bone, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, fibrous tissue, and graft substitute were visually estimated. Debris particles were estimated by a semiquantitative scoring system. Results Seventy-one of the seventy-eight cages showed evidence of vascular ingrowth and areas of histologically viable bone, representing incorporating bone graft. The average area occupied by viable bone was 44% (range, 0% to 80%). In some cages, relatively large fragments of cortical bone graft were associated with only minimal new-bone formation. Fibrocartilage occupied up to 50% of the available area in these failed cages. Some cages also contained small fibrocartilage seams connecting segments of bone in a pattern that suggested motion in vivo. In thirty-one of the seventy-eight cages, > or = 5% of the available area was occupied by hyaline cartilage, probably from vertebral end plates or facet joints. Conclusions While this study was not designed to test the efficacy of cages or of bone graft, the prevalence of hyaline and fibrocartilage in these failed cages illustrates the importance of graft and graft-site preparation to maximize bone-graft incorporation. Level of evidence Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Group Values Shown in Preadolescents' Drawings in Five English-Speaking Countries

Summary The purpose was to study children's expression of cooperation and other values and attitudes. It was assumed that a comparison of national groups of similar ethnic derivation would show genetic differences to be minimal and differences in results attributable largely to environmental influences. Subjects were 100 boys and 100 girls, ages 11 and 12, from each of the following countries: Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, and United States, making a total of 1000. Dennis' draw-a-man task was administered and then the child drew himself and someone else, doing something. Scores for smiling and hostility were consistent with Dennis' findings. Dyad scores showed United States children to be high in smiling and low in competition, cooperation, games and sports, and work. New Zealand and Canadian scores showed many similarities, being high in cooperation and work. English children ranked highest in competition, Australians in humor.
The Role of the Complement System in Host Defense Against Virus Diseases

Complement is an effector system capable of mediating a number of biological activities. Most familiar is the ability of the system to mediate the lytic destruction of many kinds of cells including bacteria and viruses surrounded by lipid membranes. Apart from such direct effects on a virus or other pathogens, the activated complement system also facilitates interactions with various effector cells including neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, mast cells, and lymphocytes. Depending on the effector cell involved, complement may trigger the release of histamine and other secondary mediators, stimulate oxidative metabolism, activate intracellular processes, initiate directed motion, facilitate phagocytosis, and modulate immunological responses and immune reactions (Fig. 1). Although complement can thus mediate numerous reactions in vitro, the most important in vivo role in diseases, including virus diseases, is probably related to the system’s ability to produce an acute inflammatory response and to function as an opsonin in facilitating phagocytosis. Thus, activation of complement in a localized environment leads to changes in capillary permeability, edema, alterations in vessel contractility, and directed migration of leukocytes into the area. The phagocytic cells infiltrating the area of complement activation become fixed to specific opsonic sites on the complement molecules, which are in turn attached to the surface of the pathogens.
Rhetorics of the State: The Public Negotiation of Political Character in Germany, Russia, and Quebec

National identity construction is a fundamentally rhetorical phenomenon maintained and transformed through public discourse. Through the analysis of dramatically rejected state speeches related to national identity and public responses to them, critics can compare competing articulations of national identity against the chronological historical record to identify various instances of strategic memory. By isolating dominant strategies of remembrance, the political character of emergent national identities can be outlined. In this essay, I explicate a critical rhetorical approach to controversial speech called limit work, providing examples of the public negotiation of national identity in 1988 West Germany, 1993 Russia, and 1995 Quebec that illustrate its utility.
MCA: an end-to-end multicast congestion avoidance scheme with feedback suppression

In this paper, we propose MCA, an end-to-end multicast congestion avoidance scheme with feedback suppression. Congestion avoidance [J. Comput. Netw. ISDN 17 (1989) 1] is different from congestion control in the sense that our scheme detects and responds to network congestion without necessarily inducing packet loss. Our scheme is a single-rate scheme and operates end-to-end, i.e. the sending rate is controlled by the source based on feedback from the most congested receiver and does not expect packet marking or other support from intermediate nodes. We design it to be robust under both lossless and lossy situations. Congestion is detected at receivers using the concept of accumulation (the number of buffered bits of a flow inside the network) and simple thresholding techniques proposed in our recent unicast work [Accumulation-based congestion control (submitted)]. For the purposes of choosing representative (the most congested receiver) by the source and suppressing feedback by receivers, each receiver maintains its Good Throughput Rate At Congestion (G-TRAC) (the product of receiving rate during congestion epochs and 1-f, where f is congestion occurrence frequency).In this way, receivers do not need to continuously (either densely or sparsely) exchange packets with the sender (e.g. to measure RTT). Therefore, MCA is scalable for large-size groups. We evaluate the design and demonstrate the performance of MCA using detailed ns-2 simulations.
Special purpose hardware for power system computation

This paper presents a cost effective approach, using special-purpose hardware implemented using field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) - commodity programmable hardware, to accelerate the performance of key components of an energy management system (EMS). These components include state estimation, optimal power flow, and load flow computation. All of these components have at their core the solution of large sparse linear systems, which can be effectively accelerated by the proposed hardware. Predicted performance on a series of power system benchmarks suggest up to an order of magnitude speedup over conventional approaches. The improved performance should enhance the day-to-day operation of the power grid, by providing the operator with more complete and accurate information.
Massive localized lymphedema: a clinicopathologic study of 46 patients with an enrichment for multiplicity

Massive localized lymphedema is a monstrous tumefactive pseudosarcoma seen in middle-aged morbidly obese adults. Since its initial description in 1998, the etiology remains unknown, although associations with trauma, surgeries, and hypothyroidism have been reported. Herein, we report the largest study of massive localized lymphedema and expand upon its clinicopathologic features. Fifty-four cases from 46 patients were retrospectively identified from the institutional archives of The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center between 2002 and 2015. Forty-six patients (21 males and 25 females, mean age 50 years) presented with large masses developing over a 5-60-month period. The majority of patients were Caucasian (n=39). All patients were obese with a mean weight of 384.7 lb and a mean body mass index of 59.6 kg/m(2). Thirty-six patients had a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 2 was present in 22 patients. Eight patients had multifocal massive localized lymphedema. The sites included thigh (n=33), abdomen (n=17), suprapubic region (n=1), mons pubis (n=6), scrotum (n=2), perianal region (n=1), and right flank (n=1). Mostly, the clinical impression was benign processes, including pannus or lymphedema pseudotumor. Grossly, the mean weight was 8237 g and the mean size was 53.2 cm. Histologically, eight cases showed a unique pattern of dystrophic calcifications mimicking hyperchromatic, atypical nuclei that might lead to misdiagnosis of liposarcoma, four cases showed focal metaplastic ossification, and three cases showed multinucleated cells in addition to prototypic features of massive localized lymphedema. We report that this is the largest series of massive localized lymphedema. This is a lesion mostly seen in morbidly obese patients and the thigh is the most common site of involvement. We note a marked racial predilection for Caucasians and a tendency towards multiplicity. We suggest that obesity itself and the related metabolic syndrome have an important role in its pathogenesis.
Abstract 17129: Prevalence and Correlation of Abnormal Flow Reserve by Stress Cmr and Coronary Artery Plaque by Cardiac CTA in Symptomatic Patients With Diabetes

Introduction: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and angina have high morbidity and mortality after negative stress cardiac imaging, and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) measures provide additional prognostic information. We aimed to determine the association of abnormal MPR with the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) in symptomatic diabetics. Method: Symptomatic diabetics age 18-85 without known CAD referred for stress imaging were included. Quantitative stress CMR and coronary CT angiography (CTA) were performed. Plaque distribution was characterized by “segment score” (max score of 16). Plaque severity was graded as 0=none; 1≤30%; 2=30-50%; 3=50-75%; 4≥75%. Plaque scores were summed across all segments into a “total plaque score” (max= 64). Quantitative CMR perfusion analysis was performed using Fermi deconvolution. Patients were stratified by MPR <2 and ≥2. Data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher’s Exact testing. Result: Complete data were available in 39 patients. Median age was 5...
Palliation of intractable cancer pain by MRI-guided cingulotomy

Case report Three cases of intractable pain arising from widespread metastatic cancer with poor response to opioids were treated with MRI-guided cingulotomy. Results and conclusions In most cases, MRI-guided cingulotomy was associated with significant pain relief and reduced opioid use. To provide insight into the role of MRI-guided cingulotomy in oncologic pain refractory to more conservative measures, the relative risks and benefits of cingulotomy are discussed, along with the course of one patient who experienced postoperative cognitive impairment. This report also describes the relevant neurosurgical and pharmacotherapeutic issues associated with management of pain in patients with widespread metastatic disease.
Underbody Drag for Pickup Trucks

Aerodynamics of pickup trucks and the effect of underbody add-ons are studied. The main objective of this study is to visualize the effect of underbody on the overall aerodynamics of pickup trucks and to provide a quantitative approach of the underbody drag. Along with this, the flow structures around the pickup and underneath the vehicle are analyzed. The CFD package used for these simulations of a generic pickup truck is STAR CCM+, which is developed by CD-Adapco Inc. Underbody drag and its effect on overall drag coefficient of pickup truck are analyzed. Several vehicle speed and the yaw angle results are presented. Effect of wheel drag on the total drag is also analyzed. Several modifications of the underbody are proposed and analyzed. The study showed that the wheels are the prime source of underbody drag and installing side skirts and front skirts increases aerodynamic drag of pick-up truck.
Subnanomolar Detection Limit of Stripping Voltammetric Ca2+-Selective Electrode: Effects of Analyte Charge and Sample Contamination

Ultrasensitive ion-selective electrode measurements based on stripping voltammetry are an emerging sensor technology with low- and subnanomolar detection limits. Here, we report on stripping voltammetry of down to 0.1 nM Ca2+ by using a thin-polymer-coated electrode and demonstrate the advantageous effects of the divalent charge on sensitivity. A simple theory predicts that the maximum concentration of an analyte ion preconcentrated in the thin membrane depends exponentially on the charge and that the current response based on exhaustive ion stripping from the thin membrane is proportional to the square of the charge. The theoretical predictions are quantitatively confirmed by using a thin ionophore-doped polymer membrane spin-coated on a conducting-polymer-modified electrode. The potentiostatic transfer of hydrophilic Ca2+ from an aqueous sample into the hydrophobic double-polymer membrane is facilitated by an ionophore with high Ca2+ affinity and selectivity. The resultant concentration of the Ca2+–iono...
Single-center report of 118 cases of free abdominal flaps for breast reconstruction

Background and purpose: Along with the development of diagnosis and treatment technology,the disease free survival and overall survival of breast cancer have been extended. In order to improve the quality of life after mastectomy, more and more breast reconstructions were applied in breast cancer patients. We retrospectively reviewed 118 cases of free abdominal flaps for breast reconstruction performed in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Clinical outcomes, reconstructive techniques and experiences are discussed. Methods: From November, 2006 to June, 2013, we used free abdominal flaps to perform 118 cases of breast reconstruction on 117 female patients after mastectomy. We observed the surgery, complications and safety of this technic. Results: We performed 118 cases of flaps based on deep inferior epigastric vessels. The average operation time was 7.72 h. The average time of ischemia was 78.74min. The average anastomosis time was 60.83min. The average number of perforators included in the flap was 3. The internal thoracic vessels were preferred recipient vessels. Ten cases of vessel crisis occurred and 6 of them were venous thrombosis and 4 cases were venous kink. Seven of them were salvaged, and the other 3 failed, the success rate was 97.46%. Postoperative infection rate was 7.00%. Abdominal bulge occurred in 3.50% of patients. None of the patients developed abdominal hernia. The median interval between surgery and the first cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy was 19 days. The median follow-up time was 12 months. One case of distant metastasis, but no local recurrence was observed. Conclusion: Although free abdominal flap breast reconstruction requires complicated microsurgical techniques, and the learning curve does exist, free abdominal flap breast reconstruction has a high success rate with oncological safety and few complications.
Design of Remote Monitoring and Control System of Belt Conveyor

In order to realize remote monitoring and control for transmission process of belt conveyor,the paper proposed a design scheme of remote monitoring and control system of belt conveyor.The system sets a control substation at head of underground belt conveyor and sets intelligent devices along belt conveyor according to numbers of measured points and lengths of belt conveyor.The control substation communicates with intelligent devices through CAN bus and the both compose monitoring and control system of single belt conveyor;the control substation transmits monitored data to surface monitoring computer through RS485 bus and ModBus protocol,so as to realize function of remote monitoring and control.The actual application showed that the system has good operation effect and improves operation performance and automation level of belt conveyor.
Morbidity associated with indwelling internal ureteral stents after shock wave lithotripsy.

AbstractPlacement of internal ureteral stents before extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of large stone burdens has decreased the incidence of post-extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy colic, secondary endoscopic procedures and prolonged hospital stays. However, indwelling stents have an associated patient morbidity and intolerance. A telephone survey of 50 patients (average stone burden 28mm.) who were discharged from the hospital after treatment with an indwelling internal polymer stent was performed with a standard questionnaire. Symptoms reported with in situ internal ureteral stents included gross hematuria (42 per cent), fever or chills (20 per cent), and persistent discomfort or pain in the bladder and/or flank (26 to 38 per cent). Of the patients 44 per cent reported moderate to intolerable discomfort that was relieved by removal of the stent. The degree of symptoms was not associated with stent composition, style or length, or the presence of a transurethral string. Five patients had premature...
Exercise and the aging heart.

Studies of the effect of age on cardiac function during exerciseare confounded by the increasing prevalence of disease and sedentary lifestyle that accompany aging and by the lack of techniques to clearly distinguish between the contribution of changes in central circulatory and peripheral factors to the agerelated alterations in cardiovascular physiology. Although diastolic filling is delayed at rest, end diastolic volume is not compromised either at rest or during exercise. Exercise heart rate is invariably reported to decrease with increasing age, whereas stroke volume has been reported to be both increased and decreased in studies of different populations. Most investigators report an increase in end systolic volume and a diminished ejection fraction in older individuals as well. These changes are mediated, in part, by an age-associated diminished responsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulation.
2,3,7,8,-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: segregation of toxocity with the Ah locus.

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (a) produce a similar pattern of toxic responses; (b) induce a battery of enzymes, including aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity; and (c) bind reversibly and with a high affinity to a cytosol protein that is the receptor for this enzyme induction response. To test the hypothesis that the toxic effects produced by these compounds are mediated by their binding to the induction receptor, we examined the genetic segregation of two toxic responses, with the Ah locus, which determines this receptor. The dose-response relationship for thymic atrophy produced by TCDD was examined in C57BL/6J mice, which have a high affinity receptor and are sensitive to enzyme induction, DBA/2J mice, which have a lower affinity receptor and are less sensitive to induction of AHH activity, and hybrid B6D2F1/J mice. C57BL/6J mice were approximately 10-fold more sensitive to thymic involution than DBA/2J mice and the hybrid B6D2F1/J were intermediate between the two parental strains. The progeny of a B6D2F1/J x DBA/2J mating were phenotyped (as Aa or aa), and the mice heterozygous for the high affinity receptor were more sensitive to thymic atrophy. The capacity of other halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons to produce thymic atrophy corresponded to their capacity to bind to the induction receptor, and nonhalogenated compounds which are agonists for the receptor (3-methylcholanthrene, β-naphthoflavone) also produced this toxic response. TCDD produced a dose-related incidence of cleft palate formation in the fetuses of C57BL/6J mice. A single dose of 30 µg/kg of TCDD on day 10 of pregnancy produced an incidence of cleft palates of 54% in C57BL/6J fetuses, 13% in B6D2F1/J fetuses and only 2% in DBA/2J fetuses. Five inbred strains of mice with a low affinity receptor developed only a 0-3% incidence of cleft palates from TCDD (30 µg/kg), while four of five inbred strains with a high affinity receptor developed a 50% or greater incidence. For TCDD and congeners, (a) the correspondence of the structure-activity relationship for receptor binding and for toxic potency and (b) the segregation of thymic involution and probably teratogenesis with the Ah locus indicate that binding of these compounds to the receptor is an essential step in their mechanism of toxicity.
An evaluation of soil survey crop yield interpretations for two central Iowa farms

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted on four adjacent 16-ha (40-ac) fields within the Clarion-Nicollet-Webster soil association to (1) determine if crop yield interpretations derived from 1:15840 soil survey maps could be used for developing field-scale management plans; and (2) to determine if soils in adjacent fields were sufficiently similar to not confound farming system comparisons. Expected crop yields were derived using a computer-based Soil Information System (SIS) and compared with measured yields. Soil map units in all four fields were taxonomically variable, but this did not affect expected crop yields. Average expected and measured corn and soybean yields agreed within 9 and 12% for conventional management at the field-scale. We conclude that yield interpretations from county soil surveys can be used to develop field-scale management plans for central Iowa farms, and that taxonomic soil differences would not confound comparisons of conventional and alternative farming practices in these fields.
Recruitment of a Neuronal Ensemble in the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala Is Required for Alcohol Dependence

Abstinence from alcohol is associated with the recruitment of neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in nondependent rats that binge drink alcohol and in alcohol-dependent rats. However, whether the recruitment of this neuronal ensemble in the CeA is causally related to excessive alcohol drinking or if it represents a consequence of excessive drinking remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the recruitment of a neuronal ensemble in the CeA during abstinence is required for excessive alcohol drinking in nondependent rats that binge drink alcohol and in alcohol-dependent rats. We found that inactivation of the CeA neuronal ensemble during abstinence significantly decreased alcohol drinking in both groups. In nondependent rats, the decrease in alcohol intake was transient and returned to normal the day after the injection. In dependent rats, inactivation of the neuronal ensemble with Daun02 produced a long-term decrease in alcohol drinking. Moreover, we observed a significant reduction of somatic withdrawal signs in dependent animals that were injected with Daun02 in the CeA. These results indicate that the recruitment of a neuronal ensemble in the CeA during abstinence from alcohol is causally related to excessive alcohol drinking in alcohol-dependent rats, whereas a similar neuronal ensemble only partially contributed to alcohol-binge-like drinking in nondependent rats. These results identify a critical neurobiological mechanism that may be required for the transition to alcohol dependence, suggesting that focusing on the neuronal ensemble in the CeA may lead to a better understanding of the etiology of alcohol use disorders and improve medication development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Alcohol dependence recruits neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Here, we found that inactivation of a specific dependence-induced neuronal ensemble in the CeA reversed excessive alcohol drinking and somatic signs of alcohol dependence in rats. These results identify a critical neurobiological mechanism that is required for alcohol dependence, suggesting that targeting dependence neuronal ensembles may lead to a better understanding of the etiology of alcohol use disorders, with implications for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
He Perished Ere He Published: Records of the Work of Gary Stockton Vescelius in the American Museum of Natural History

Gary Stockton Vescelius (1930–1982) was an extremely active archaeologist who conducted extensive surveys and numerous excavations in North America, the Caribbean, and Peru. Although he was influential while alive, his almost complete failure to publish the results of his work has caused him to fade into obscurity. The interventions that he made at many important sites have been largely forgotten. However, collections that he amassed have been preserved at Yale University, at the American Museum of Natural History, and in Peru. This paper presents a short biography of Vescelius and evaluates his work.
Replication of rs300774, a genetic biomarker near ACP1, associated with suicide attempts in patients with schizophrenia: Relation to brain cholesterol biosynthesis.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine if three biomarkers for suicide attempts previously identified and replicated in a genome-wide association (GWAS) study of bipolar disorder (BD) suicide attempters also predicted suicide attempts in patients prospectively diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) or schizoaffective disorder (SAD). 162 genetically-verified Caucasian patients with SCZ or SAD were phenotyped for presence (45.7%) or absence of a lifetime suicide attempt. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped or partially imputed from a GWAS dataset. After controlling for genetic architecture and gender, we replicated rs300774 ( p = 0.012), near ACP1 (acid phosphatase 1), the top predictor of suicide attempts in the BD study. The result of Willour et al. (2012) was replicated in males ( p = 0.046) but not in females ( p = 0.205). The other two SNPs, rs7296262, and rs10437629, were not associated with suicide attempts in this study. rs300774 could be a cis-eQTL for ACP1 , with minor allele carriers having lower expression levels ( p = 0.002). This SNP also functioned as a trans-eQTL for genes related to cholesterol biosynthesis and the wnt-β-catenin pathway (p ≤ 0.0001). Further, co-expression analysis of candidate genes in brain suggested ACP1 is important to the regulation of a number of brain mechanisms linked to suicide, including cholesterol synthesis, β-catenin-mediated signaling pathway, serotonin, GABA, and the stress response via ARHGAP35 (p190rhogap), a repressor of glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) transcription. This study provides an additional validation of rs300774 as a potential transdiagnostic biomarker for suicide attempts and evidence that ACP1 may have an important role in regulation of the multiple systems associated with suicide.
Studying Exit and Surface Delivery of Post-Golgi Transport Intermediates Using in vitro and Live-Cell Microscopy-Based Approaches

Publisher Summary This chapter examines exit and surface delivery of post-golgi transport intermediates using in vitro and live-cell microscopy-based approaches. The most important advance provided by cDNA microinjection and adenoviral-mediated gene transfer in examining protein-sorting events is the ability to co-introduce two or more genes into cells and express simultaneously multiple secretory cargoes that follow divergent routes out of the TGN. This allows one to evaluate the role(s) of potential molecular effectors of protein sorting and targeting to different cellular domains. While cDNA microinjection is limited with respect to the number of cells that can be evaluated, it is exquisitely suited to live cell imaging studies aimed at evaluating highly dynamic membrane trafficking events occurring at specific points throughout the biosynthetic pathway. Semi-intact MDCK cells are prepared after accumulating marker proteins in the TGN. Cells are first swollen in a low salt buffer and are subsequently scraped from the substratum, which produces large tears in the plasma membrane.
Endometrial Carcinoma in a 26-Year-Old Patient with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome.

Background. Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by cognitive impairment, dysmorphism, central obesity, and diabetes mellitus, among other abnormalities. Although some of these characteristics are known independent risk factors for endometrial cancer and its precursors, the association between BBS and endometrial cancer is underreported. Case. We present the case of a 26-year-old patient with BBS and clinical signs of hyperestrogenism who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding and was diagnosed with endometrioid adenocarcinoma. She ultimately underwent definitive surgical treatment with hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy. Conclusions. This is one of only a few reports in the literature describing the association of BBS and endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Given the association of BBS with risk factors for hyperestrogenism such as truncal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and ovulatory dysfunction, providers should have increased suspicion for endometrial cancer in young patients with BBS and abnormal uterine bleeding.
Author Correction: Design of high-strength refractory complex solid-solution alloys

The caption of Fig. 6 and the main text contained an error in the chemical formula of the “(MozW1−z)0.85Ta0.10(TiZr)0.05” alloy; it has now been corrected to “(Mo1−zWz)0.85Ta0.10(TiZr)0.05”. Figure 5 also contained an erroneous text box, which has now been removed. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML version of this article.
Cell bioprocessing in space: applications of analytical cytology.

Cell bioprocessing experiments in space are reviewed and the development of on-board cell analytical cytology techniques that can serve such experiments is discussed. Methods and results of experiments involving the cultivation and separation of eukaryotic cells in space are presented. It is suggested that an advanced cytometer should be developed for the quantitative analysis of large numbers of specimens of suspended eukaryotic cells and bioparticles in experiments on the Space Station.
Facilitating youth development through service-learning: Social justice implications for underserved youth:

The implications of how service-learning participation can enhance civic knowledge and engagement among young people are discussed at length in the existing literature. However, research that explo...
The Latent Structure of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia.

Importance Negative symptoms are associated with a range of poor clinical outcomes, and currently available treatments generally do not produce a clinically meaningful response. Limited treatment progress may be owing in part to poor clarity regarding latent structure. Prior studies have inferred latent structure using exploratory factor analysis, which has led to the conclusion that there are 2 dimensions reflecting motivation and pleasure (MAP) and diminished expressivity (EXP) factors. However, whether these conclusions are statistically justified remains unclear because exploratory factor analysis does not test latent structure. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is needed to test competing models regarding the latent structure of a construct. Objective To evaluate the fit of 4 models of the latent structure of negative symptoms in schizophrenia using CFA. Design, Setting, and Participants Three cross-sectional studies were conducted on outpatients with schizophrenia who were rated on the 3 most conceptually contemporary measures: Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS), and Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS). Confirmatory factor analysis evaluated the following 4 models: (1) a 1-factor model; (2) a 2-factor model with EXP and MAP factors; (3) a 5-factor model with separate factors for the 5 domains of the National Institute of Mental Health consensus development conference (blunted affect, alogia, anhedonia, avolition, and asociality); and (4) a hierarchical model with 2 second-order factors reflecting EXP and MAP and 5 first-order factors reflecting the 5 consensus domains. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes included CFA model fit statistics derived from symptom severity scores on the SANS, BNSS, and CAINS. Results The study population included 860 outpatients with schizophrenia (68.0% male; mean [SD] age, 43.0 [11.4] years). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on each scale, including 268 patients for the SANS, 192 for the BNSS, and 400 for the CAINS. The 1- and 2-factor models provided poor fit for the SANS, BNSS, and CAINS as indicated by comparative fit indexes (CFIs) and Tucker Lewis indexes (TLIs) less than 0.950, RMSEAs that exceeded the 0.080 threshold, and WRMRs greater than 1.00. The 5-factor and hierarchical models provided excellent fit, with the 5-factor model being more parsimonious. The CFIs and TLIs met the 0.95 threshold and the 1.00 threshold for both factor models with all 3 measures. Interestingly, the RMSEAs for the 5-factor model and the hierarchical model fell under the 0.08 threshold for the BNSS and the CAINS but not the SANS. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that the recent trend toward conceptualizing the latent structure of negative symptoms as 2 distinct dimensions does not adequately capture the complexity of the construct. The latent structure of negative symptoms is best conceptualized in relation to the 5 consensus domains. Implications for identifying pathophysiological mechanisms and targeted treatments are discussed.
Framework for Probabilistic Vulnerability Analysis of Interdependent Infrastructure Systems

AbstractCritical infrastructure systems are deteriorating and experiencing increased cascading failures. In this paper, we propose a new probabilistic framework for modeling interdependent infrastr...
Landscapes of Revolution

During the modern era, traditional environmental literature has helped readers learn to appreciate particular places, has inspired campaigns for the protection of valued landscapes, has spotlighted environmental issues, and has shaped the strategies and tactics adopted by environmental activists. Now that globalization has expanded and intensified socio-environmental threats, an international global environmental justice movement has emerged. The time has come to expand the canon of environmental literature to serve the needs of this new movement. The Transatlantic Romantic era offers many valuable literary touchstones. In William Blake’s America: A Prophecy, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, two common landscape topoi, the radical pastoral and the revolutionary sublime, coexist in tension with one another, demonstrating how canonical Romantic texts often open themselves up to radical political ideas while simultaneously working to contain them. However, there is also a deep archive of Transatlantic Romantic environmental literature by black, indigenous, working-class, and women writers who harness Romantic landscape topoi to make radical arguments for human liberation and environmental justice.
Leading in place: Leadership through different eyes

In Leading in Place: Leadership Through Different Eyes, Rita Hilton and Rosemary O’Leary align scholarship and practice in a way that is appealing to readers both in the field and in the classroom....
Selective Damage to Antioxidant Gene Promoters in FA Cells

Abstract 2413 Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including Fanconi anemia (FA), a genetic disorder associated with bone marrow failure and progression to leukemia and other cancers. Here we show that several major anti-oxidant defense genes, including Glutathione peroxidase 1, Peroxiredoxin 3, Thioredoxin reductase 1, Superoxide dismutases 1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxireductase and Catalase, are down-regulated in bone marrow cells of FA patients. This gene down-regulation is selectively associated with increased oxidative DNA damage in the promoters of these anti-oxidant defense genes. Further, we show that both increased initial damage and reduced repair rate contribute to augmented oxidative DNA damage in FA cells. Using cell-based assays to assess promoter activity and damage repair kinetics, we demonstrate that FA proteins function to protect the promoter DNA from oxidative damage. Mechanistically, FA proteins appeared to act in concert with Brg1, a chromatin-remodeling ATPase subunit of the BAF complex. Specifically, Brg1 binds to the promoters of the anti-oxidant defense genes in steady state. Upon challenge with oxidative stress, FANCA and FANCD2 proteins are recruited to the promoter DNA, which correlates with significant increase in the binding of Brg1 within the promoter regions. Intriguingly, the formation of the FA-Brg1-promoter complex results in a marked decrease in nuclease hypersensitivity and oxidative damage in the promoter DNA in normal cells compared to FA cells. Finally, disassociation of the FA proteins from the Brg1-promoter complex parallels Pol II loading, suggesting a regulatory role for the FA proteins in transcription. Taken together, the study identifies a role of FA proteins in protecting anti-oxidant genes from oxidative damage. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Centering the Margins: Investigating Relationships, Power, and Culture Through Critical Peritextual Analysis

In this article, we offer a framework for scholars and educators to investigate issues of power and the right to storytelling in diverse, international books for children. Specifically, we examine the peritext of picturebooks set in Africa to determine how various cultural relationships are invoked in the text. We suggest that there are three broad categories of relationships the creators of these picturebooks draw on to claim authenticity regarding the cultures about which they are writing: (a) spatial relationships, (b) affiliative relationships, and (c) personal relationships. Ultimately, we argue that this framework has the potential to engage scholars, educators, and students in dialogue about the power dynamics involved in the production and consumption of diverse texts.
The Influence of Cultural and Generational Differences on the Ministry Experience of Chinese American Church Leaders

This qualitative study explored the influence of cultural and generational differences on the ministry experience of fourteen Chinese American male church leaders. Specifically, this study examined how differences in communication style, view of authority, level of acculturation, and expectations of the church could create conflict within the church setting. This study also provided insight into the types of problems these church leaders and church members faced as a result of cultural and generational conflict as well as solutions they found in response to that conflict. Taken together, these findings not only address the literature gap regarding this understudied group of individuals, but they also have implications for more effective ministry in a multicultural church setting.
Patient-Reported Outcomes for Pediatric Adherence and Self-Management: A Systematic Review

Objective Treatment adherence is approximately 50% across pediatric conditions. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are the most common method of measuring adherence and self-management across research and clinical contexts. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate adherence and self-management PROs, including measures of adherence behaviors, adherence barriers, disease management skills, and treatment responsibility. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, literature searches were performed. Measures meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria were evaluated using Hunsley and Mash's (2018) criteria for evidence-based assessment across several domains (e.g., internal consistency, interrater reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, validity generalization, treatment sensitivity, and clinical utility). Rating categories were adapted for the present study to include the original categories of adequate, good, and excellent, as well as an additional category of below adequate. Results After screening 172 articles, 50 PROs across a variety of pediatric conditions were reviewed and evaluated. Most measures demonstrated at least adequate content validity (n = 44), internal consistency (n = 34), and validity generalization (n = 45). Findings were mixed regarding interrater reliability, test-retest reliability, and treatment sensitivity. Less than half of the measures (n = 22) exhibited adequate, good, or excellent construct validity. Conclusions Although use of adherence and self-management PROs is widespread across several pediatric conditions, few PROs achieved good or excellent ratings based on rigorous psychometric standards. Validation and replication studies with larger, more diverse samples are needed. Future research should consider the use of emerging technologies to enhance the feasibility of broad implementation.
Strategies for Teaching Medical Students: A Faculty Development Workshop for Pediatric Preceptors in the Community Setting.

Introduction An increasing number of medical students complete clerkships outside of traditional university-affiliated medical centers despite little faculty development geared specifically for the...
The Compression of the Heliospheric Magnetic Structure by Interplanetary Shocks: Is the Structure at 1AU a Manifestation of Solar-Wind Turbulence or Is It Fossil Structure From the Sun?

As a test of the action of MHD turbulence in the solar wind, the compression of the heliospheric magnetic structure at 1AU by 109 interplanetary shocks is examined. In the magnetic structure the orientations of solar-wind strong current sheets are statistically examined versus time in the downstream plasmas after shock compression. If the current sheets of the solar wind are features of an active MHD turbulence, they should be destroyed and remade with isotropic orientations on the timescale of an eddy-turnover time. If the current-sheet orientations remain anisotropic after the shock compression, it is an indication that the current sheets of the solar wind are not created by MHD turbulence. This statistical analysis finds no evolution of the current-sheet orientations after the solar wind is compressed by the shocks, implying a non-turbulent origin of the current sheets. A possibility is that the heliospheric magnetic structure at 1 AU is fossil structure from the solar corona.
A Randomized Trial Comparing Brief Advice and Motivational Interviewing for Persons with HIV–HCV Co-infection Who Drink Alcohol

Alcohol use contributes to the progression of liver disease in HIV–HCV co-infected persons, but alcohol interventions have never addressed low levels of alcohol use in this population. We enrolled 110 persons consuming at least 4 alcoholic drinks weekly in a clinical trial comparing two active 18-month long interventions, delivered every 3 months by phone, brief advice about drinking versus a motivational intervention. Final assessment was at 24 months. MI had larger reductions in alcohol use days than the BA arm at all follow-up assessments. The treatment by time effect was not significant for days of drinking (p = 0.470), mean drinks per day (p = 0.155), or for the continuous FIB-4 index (p = 0.175). Drinking declined in both conditions from baseline, but given the small sample, we do not have sufficient data to make any conclusion that one treatment is superior to the other. Trial Registry Trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov; Clinical Trial NCT02316184.
Identification of marginal generation units based on publicly available information

Abstract Identification of marginal generation units is essential to the development of effective demand response (DR) programs and quantification of locational marginal emissions (LMEs). The real-time marginal units, however, are not revealed by the ISOs/RTOs. This paper develops a framework to identify marginal units from the perspective of a market participant. Through the analysis of the relationship between marginal units and locational marginal prices (LMPs), it is impossible to determine the marginal generators based solely on knowledge of the LMPs. In the proposed framework, a simple data driven approach of exclusion is developed using LMPs, masked bid prices with a 4-month delay, and annual data on power generation and fuel consumption; all are publicly available. Using the link between load profiles and marginal units, the identification results based on historical data can be used for marginal unit predictions assuming the dispatch merit order in the prediction case is the same as in the historical case. A simulation study shows that the proposed framework is effective in detecting marginal units when system load levels are relatively high. Two applications, one to trace load changes back to marginal units and the other to calculate locational marginal emissions, are provided to show the practical value of marginal unit identification in power systems.
How to find a planet from transit variations

Abstract Here we describe the story behind the discovery of Kepler-46, which was the first exoplanetary system detected and characterized from a method known as the transit timing variations (TTVs). The TTV method relies on the gravitational interaction between planets orbiting the same star. If transits of at least one of the planets are detected, precise measurements of its transit times can be used, at least in principle, to detect and characterize other non-transiting planets in the system. Kepler-46 was the first case for which this method was shown to work in practice. Other detections and characterizations followed (e.g., Kepler-88). The TTV method plays an important role in addressing the incompleteness of planetary systems detected from transits.
Coupling Silicon Vacancies in Diamond to a Silica Microsphere Optical Resonator

We report the development of a composite system for cavity QED studies of silicon vacancies in diamond utilizing an ultra thin diamond membrane coupled to a silica microsphere optical resonator with <40 MHz cavity linewidths.
Does Religious Group Population Share Affect the Religiosity of the Next Generation

Are teens more religious when (consistent with “religious monopoly” arguments) they live in an area where many people share their parents’ religious identity? Or are teens more religious when (as religious economies models suggest) they live in areas where their parent's religious identity has a smaller population share (or “market share”)? We examine these questions using Wave 1 of the National Study of Youth and Religion combined with county‐level variables from the 2000 Religious Congregations and Membership Study and the 2000 U.S. Census. Parental religiosity has a huge effect on teen's religiosity, so much so that when parents are very religious, the religious context of the surrounding county does not matter. However, when parents are not very religious, results are consistent with the religious monopolies model but not the religious economies model. The percent of the county in the parents’ religious tradition tends to boost teen's religiosity.