cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A method of verifying force-closure condition for general cable manipulators with seven cables

This paper introduces a systematic method of verifying the force-closure condition for general 6-DOF cable-driven manipulators with seven cables. Force-closure is defined as that the inverse dynamics problem has a feasible solution for any external wrench exerted on the end-effector. For any given configuration of a 7-cable manipulator, the method can easily determine, by examining the Jacobian matrix of the manipulator, whether a solution of all-positive cable forces exists. The necessary and sufficient conditions of the proposed method are mathematically proven. The paper also addresses the application of the proposed method for determination of the force-closure workspace. As a numerical example, the shape, boundary, dimensions, and volume of the force-closure workspace of a 6-DOF, 7-cable manipulator are discussed.
Temperate Utah chub form valid otolith annuli in the absence of fluctuating water temperature

Utah chub Gila atraria, a temperate freshwater minnow, formed valid otolith annuli (annual growth rings), even when raised in a constant-temperature desert spring environment. This suggests that factors other than seasonal variation in water temperature control annual otolith marking.
Reparative dentine formation and pulp morphology

Abstract Experimental tooth replants in dogs were examined for pulpodentinal repair. The hypothesis was that the type of dentinal response is dependent upon the status of the adjacent pulp. Seven distinct pulpodentinal responses were observed in the teeth examined. These responses were (1) regular tubular reparative dentine, (2) irregular reparative dentine with diminished tubular structure, (3) irregular reparative dentine with encapsulated cells (osteodentine), (4) irregular (immature) bone, (5) regular (lamellated) bone or cementum, (6) internal resorption, and (7) aplasia. Seven distinctive pulpal environments were associated with each of the dentinal responses, thus supporting the hypothesis. It was concluded that the pulp and dentine should be considered as one organ, since the dentinal response could be predicted from the pulpal morphology and vice versa. Healing took place more quickly in the apical portions of the tooth near the vascular supply than in the coronal portions, and the dentine in this area was more highly organized and greater in quantity than that formed coronally.
Distributed optical fiber sensing of cracks in concrete

The monitoring of concrete cracks with optical fiber sensors is very attractive for large concrete structures, e.g. dams and bridges. Its distributed measurement capability is particular advantageous for application to detect the crack in concrete dams since it aries at random spatially. In this paper presented are the test result on a new type of the distributed optical-fiber sensor using common communication optical fibers with simple treatment. Sensing fiber is laid in concrete crossing obliquely with the crack expected. Cracking induces tow highly localized microbends and cause attenuation of returning Rayleigh scattering. Its distributed sensing is based on optical time domain reflectometry. Concrete model test show it can not only detect crack width and shear displacement with high resolution, large dynamic range but also localized them with high precision of localization. A calculation model of attenuation is presented. Also, given are typical proposal schemes of application of the optic-fiber sensing system to the Three Gorges Dam, China. The result afford a sound technique-bias for developing the practical distributed optic-fiber crack sensing system.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Longitudinal study of probable post-traumatic stress disorder in firefighters exposed to the World Trade Center disaster

BACKGROUND: Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been reported even years after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11). METHODS: We used screening tools to assess the prevalence of probable PTSD in 9/11-exposed firefighters at two time points, within 6 months of 9/11 (baseline) and 3-4 years post-disaster (follow-up). RESULTS: Five thousand six hundred fifty-six individuals completed assessments at both times. 15.5% reported probable PTSD post-9/11, 8.6% at baseline and 11.1% at follow-up, on average 2.9 (SD 0.5) years later. Analyses revealed that nearly half of all probable PTSD occurred as delayed onset (absent baseline, present follow-up). Compared with the resilient group (no probable PTSD at either time), probable PTSD at baseline, and delayed onset at follow-up were each associated with concomitant functional impairment (OR 19.5 and 18.9), respectively. CONCLUSION: Similar percentages of firefighters met criteria for baseline and delayed onset probable PTSD at follow-up, years later. Both were associated with substantial functional impairment. Early risk identification could provide opportunities for mental health interventions before symptoms compromise work and social relationships. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Language: en
Growth And Characterization Of Vapor Deposited Indium Phosphide

The chemical vapor deposition of indium phosphide using the In/HCl/PH3/H2 reactant system is described. The deposition kinetics were studied as function of reactant concentration and substrate temperature. Studies of deposition of both polycrystalline and single crystalline material indicated that the growth rate of the thin films was limited by surface kinetics via a Langmuir-type absorption mechanism. Stoichiometry of the gas phase influenced the electrical properties of the as-grown epitaxial layers. For a group V/III ratio of 0.70 in the growth ambient, net donor densities of 1.5 x 1016 cm-3 were observed in the undoped epitaxial layers. Transient capacitance spectroscopy indicated deep level concentrations of the order 1-10 x 1014 cm-3 in the n and p-type epitaxial InP.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Photoionization of positive ions and photo-Auger effect

Abstract The two-step photo-Auger process (inverse dielectronic recombination) in which an inner-shell electron is photo-excited, followed by an Auger emission, is shown to contribute significantly to the total photoionization cross section of heavy ions, with the number of electrons N in the range 12 ⪅ N ⪅ 25. Physical reasons for this enhancement are discussed, and the frequency integrated cross sections are presented for Mo ions.
An algorithm for load balancing in multiprocessor systems

Abstract We present an algorithm for dynamic load balancing in a multiprocessor system that minimizes the number of accesses to the shared memory. The algorithm makes no assumptions, probabilistic or otherwise, regarding task arrivals or processing requirements. For k processors to process n tasks, the algorithm incurs O(k log k log n) potential memory collisions in the worst case. The algorithm itself is a simple variation of the strategy of visiting the longest queue. The key idea is to delay reporting task arrivals and completions, where the delay is a function of dynamic loading conditions.
Protein phosphorylation at tyrosine is induced by the v-erbB gene product in vivo and in vitro.

Abstract The v-erbB gene product of avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV) has extensive homology with the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF). We report here that chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) transformed by AEV show enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of cellular polypeptides, including the 36 kd protein, which is phosphorylated in avian sarcoma virus-transformed fibroblasts, and the 42 kd protein, which is phosphorylated in mitogen-stimulated cells. CEF infected by AEV mutants with deletions in v-erbA showed enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation, whereas CEF infected by mutants with deletions in v-erbB did not. When membranes from AEV-transformed cells were incubated with γ- 32 P-ATP, both the v-erbB gene product and the 36 kd cellular protein became phosphorylated at tyrosine. These results indicate that the v-erbB protein induces tyrosine phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro, and suggest that, like the EGF receptor, it possesses tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity.
Applying criminological theory to academic fraud

Purpose – This paper aims to examine academic dishonesty and research misconduct, two forms of academic fraud, and provides suggestions for future research informed by criminological theory. Design/methodology/approach – After reviewing prior literature, this paper outlines four general criminological theories that can explain academic fraud. Findings – While criminological theory has been applied to some studies of academic dishonesty, research misconduct has rarely been examined within a broader theoretical context. Practical implications – This paper provides a blueprint for future theoretically informed analyses of academic fraud. Originality/value – This paper represents a unique attempt to apply general criminological theories to diverse forms of fraud in higher education settings.
Distribution Network Fault Reconfiguration with Distributed Generation Based on Ant Colony Algorithm

With the development of Smart Grid, the permeability of distributed generation (DG) is increased gradually. When a fault happens in systems branch, DG plays a significant role in ensuring a continuous supply to the load points as many as possible. This paper uses ant colony algorithm to achieve distribution network fault reconstruction with distributed generation, in order to guarantee the load points to restore power as many as possible, and the network system having the minimum loss at the same time. The optimization process is divided into two parts: first, In case of DG power supply capacity known, we optimize the capacity of the Island formed on DG, in order to determine the nodes of the island. Then, we optimize the isolated system and the main distribution system separately, in order to find the system radiation structure of minimum network loss. Finally, the IEEE 33 nodes distribution network is used as an example to testify the effectiveness of ant colony algorithm.
On the upsurge of U.S. food prices revisited

Abstract The objective of this study is to empirically examine the effects of changes in exchange rate, commodity price and energy price on five U.S. food prices — cereal/bakery, meats, dairy, fruits/vegetables and beverages. The Johansen cointegration analysis and a vector error-correction (VEC) model are applied to monthly data for the 2001–2010 period. Results show the existence of stable long-run relationships among the selected variables. We also find that energy and commodity prices have influenced U.S. food prices mainly through changes in prices of cereal/bakery, meats and dairy. Finally, exchange rate is found to have been a significant factor influencing U.S. food prices. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 is one of main driving forces for the recent food price inflation, which has affected negatively consumers, especially low income households, in the United States.
Interactions of Hyperthermal TiClx+ (x = 0−4) Ions with Graphite Surfaces

The interactions of hyperthermal chlorotitanium ions, TiClx+ (x = 0−4) with HOPG surfaces were studied by low-energy ion scattering of TiClx+ from HOPG and by XPS depth profile analysis of the TiCl...
IN SITU STUDIES OF DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE IN NANOPHASE MATERIALS

Abstract Nanocrystalline gold (8–25 nm grain size) and gold/silicon nanocomposites were prepared by sputtering and then strained to fracture in a transmission electron microscope. In situ and post mortem analyses revealed that the nanophase gold films were ductile, and significant plasticity was associated with fracture. Observations of pore formation, as well as a strain-rate effect on deformation behavior and direct lattice imaging of deformation, all indicated that the deformation occurred by diffusion-based mechanisms. Fracture was intergranular, but not brittle. Gold/silicon nanocomposites containing large volume fractions of brittle, amorphous Si and nanocrystalline gold precipitates exhibited behavior indicating significant toughness.
Aldosterone does not stimulate the Na:K pump in isolated turtle colon

The study of the mechanisms by which mineralocorticoids stimulate sodium absorption across distal epithelia has focused on three possible sites of action: apical sodium permeability, the basolateral Na∶K pump, and the production of high-energy substrates. Recently we developed a method for direct measurement of the current generated by the basolateral Na∶K pump of the turtle colon [15]. In the presence of mucosal amphotericin-B and serosal barium the short-circuit current across the colon can be equated with the current produced by active electrogenic exchange of sodium for potassium across the basolateral membrane. This pump current is a measure of the transport capacity of the epithelial Na∶K pump that is uncomplicated by changes in apical membrane sodium permeability. Pump currents, thus defined, were compared in control tissues and tissues treated with aldosterone in vitro. After 9h Na absorption was increased 4-fold in the aldosterone-treated tissues but the values of the pump current were identical in the two groups. This result indicates that acute stimulation of sodium absorption by aldosterone does not occur by stimulating the Na∶K pump directly.
Parameters of the migma IVb experiment and physical quantities to be measured

Abstract By upgrading the equipment used in the Migma IV experiment, migma density could be increased to 10 11 ions/cm 3 to test migma stability in a high density electrostatic regime with frsol | ω pi / ω ci = 3. We will measure ion and electron density profiles, ion and electron temperature profiles, and ambipolar potential profiles, all as function of r and z . Also, electron oscilaltions, change of migma radius with density, bremsstrahlung spectrum, migma formation mechanism, migma diamagnetism, energy confinement times, descriptions of diagnostics, and physical parameters are presented.
Therapy of deep caries by transverse excited atmosphere pressure carbon dioxide laser: an in-vitro investigation

Deep carious decay is still a problem for conservative dentistry. A prototype of a transverse excited atmospheric pressure carbondioxide laser (TEA-CO2-Laser) was used for testing the properties in selective ablation of softened carious dentin, artificially sclerosing the remaining dentin, and providing thermal damage for the pulp. Using low pulse frequencies of 1 or 2 Hz, pulse durations of 50 ns, and pulse energies of 5 J/cm2 the TEA-CO2- Laser seems to be able to solve the therapeutic problem.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Acculturation and ethnic-minority health behavior: a test of the operant model.

Objective: The Operant Model of Acculturation predicts that health behaviors that have a low prevalence ( 20%) among Traditional (low-acculturated) minorities increase in prevalence with acculturation and hence have a higher prevalence among their Acculturated counterparts. Alternatively, health behaviors that have a high prevalence ( 45%) among Traditional minorities decrease with acculturation and thereby have a lower prevalence among their acculturated cohorts. The purpose of this study was to test this model for the first time. Design: Data on the 7,249 Mexican American adults in the 2001 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), a statewide, random-digit-dial telephone survey, were used. Main Outcome Measures: Two proxies for acculturation (nativity, language spoken at home) were predictors in analyses of cigarette smoking, exercise, and 5 daily fruit/vegetable consumption. Results: For all three health behaviors, results were fully supportive of the Operant Model irrespective of acculturationproxy and demographic variables. Conclusion: The Operant Model may provide a coherent framework for predicting and understanding the role of acculturation in ethnic minority health behavior. Findings are discussed in terms of tailoring and targeting interventions in a manner consistent with the acculturationrelated changes in health behavior that are likely to occur.
Prenatally Diagnosed Coarctation: A More Sinister Disease?

Prenatal diagnosis of coarctation may improve survival, but little is known regarding its association with severity of left heart hypoplasia and surgical outcome. This study compared echocardiographic measurements of left heart structures, surgical strategies, and postoperative outcomes between neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of coarctation and those with a postnatal diagnosis. All the neonates who underwent coarctation repair during 2006–2010 were reviewed. The neonates with complex congenital heart disease or an unrestrictive ventricular septal defect requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for closure were excluded from the study. Based on the time of diagnosis, the subjects were divided into the following three groups: group 1 (prenatal diagnosis), group 2 (diagnosis at 0–7 days), and group 3 (diagnosis at 8–28 days). The study population consisted of 46 neonates: 14 in group 1, 14 in group 2, and 18 in group 3. Compared with group 3, group 1 had a smaller left ventricular volume index, lower mitral and aortic valve diameter z-scores, and lower transverse arch z-scores. Compared with group 2, group 1 had smaller aortic valve z-scores but otherwise had similar measurements. At repair, 64 % of the neonates in group 1 required CPB versus 29 % in group 2 (p = 0.12) and 22 % in group 3 (p = 0.03). All the neonates underwent biventricular repair, with no surgical mortality. Group 1 had a hospital stay of 13.4 ± 10.8 versus 7.5 ± 4.2 days in group 2 (p = 0.06) and 7.3 ± 4.5 days in group 3 (p = 0.03). The neonates with prenatally diagnosed coarctation had smaller left heart structures than the neonates with coarctation diagnosed after the first week of age, were more likely to require extensive arch reconstruction under CPB, and had longer hospital stays.
Cadmium Bromide: Growth Spirals and Possible Polytypism

IN recent years growth spirals have been observed on crystals of nearly thirty1 substances. Detailed descriptions of these markings, as well as their relationship to screw dislocations, have been given especially of crystals of silicon carbide1,2 and cadmium iodide3. I wish to report the occurrence of growth spirals on crystals of cadmium bromide (CdBr2), and to comment on their implications regarding possible structural polytypism in this compound.
Monitoring nutritional status in the critically ill adult

Nutritional support is an important aspect of the multidisciplinary approach to critical care medicine. During stress, visceral protein turnover is increased. However, muscle and connective tissue proteolysis is obligatory if the stressful condition persists. Through nutritional support, peripheral protein breakdown is minimized and visceral protein synthesis maximized. A delivery system of 15% to 20% dietary protein, 30% fat, 50% to 55% carbohydrate, complemented by moderate amounts of vitamins and minerals, is considered best. Optimal nutritional care depends on objective assessment of the patient's nutritional status before and during nutritional support, particularly the nutritional status of the body cell mass and the energy required for maintenance and support of reparative processes. Indicators least disturbed by factors should be selected for assessment. Individual indicators vary in critical states. After resuscitation, excess body water may increase body weight; after surgery, stress may depress albumin levels. Biometric markers of nutritional status and measurements that adequately validate and evaluate response to nutritional support are discussed.
Aromatics, Reformulated Gasoline, and Atmospheric Organic Aerosol Formation

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield curves have been obtained for 17 individual aromatic species from an extensive series of sunlight-irradiated smog chamber experiments. These yield curves, interpreted within the framework of a gas/aerosol absorption model, are used to quantitatively account for the SOA that is formed in a series of smog chamber experiments performed with the whole vapor of 12 different reformulated gasolines. The total amount of secondary organic aerosol produced from the atmospheric oxidation of whole gasoline vapor can be represented as the sum of the contributions of the individual aromatic molecular constituents of the fuel.
How many universes are in the multiverse

We argue that the total number of distinguishable locally Friedmann ``universes'' generated by eternal inflation is proportional to the exponent of the entropy of inflationary perturbations and is limited by ${e}^{{e}^{3N}}$, where $N$ is the number of $e$-folds of slow-roll posteternal inflation. For simplest models of chaotic inflation, $N$ is approximately equal to de Sitter entropy at the end of eternal inflation; it can be exponentially large. However, not all of these universes can be observed by a local observer. In the presence of a cosmological constant $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ the number of distinguishable universes is bounded by ${e}^{|\ensuremath{\Lambda}{|}^{\ensuremath{-}3/4}}$. In the context of the string theory landscape, the overall number of different universes is expected to be exponentially greater than the total number of vacua in the landscape. We discuss the possibility that the strongest constraint on the number of distinguishable universes may be related not to the properties of the multiverse but to the properties of observers.
Preparation of polymeric amines from poly(schiff bases)

A study was made of the preparation of aromatic polymeric amines in order to test their thermal stability. The most useful method was the hydrogenation of polymeric Schiff bases by the dimethylamine—borane reagent or the borane—tetrahydrofuran reagent. The Schiff bases were prepared by the solution polymerization of terephthalaldehyde with various aromatic diamines, including 4,4′-methylenedianiline, benzidine, and p-phenylenediamine, and for comparison, 1,6-hexanediamine. The Schiff bases and the polyamines from the aromatic diamines were found to be dimers or trimers, not high polymers: the polymers from the aliphatic diamine had a degree of polymerization of about 14. Thermogravimetric analyses of the aromatic polyamines under nitrogen showed that the initial temperatures of marked degradation were 350–400°C.
Initialization and Predictability of a Coupled ENSO Forecast Model

The skill of a coupled ocean‐atmosphere model in predicting ENSO has recently been improved using a new initialization procedure in which initial conditions are obtained from the coupled model, nudged toward observations of wind stress. The previous procedure involved direct insertion of wind stress observations, ignoring model feedback from ocean to atmosphere. The success of the new scheme is attributed to its explicit consideration of ocean‐atmosphere coupling and the associated reduction of ‘‘initialization shock’’ and random noise. The so-called spring predictability barrier is eliminated, suggesting that such a barrier is not intrinsic to the real climate system. Initial attempts to generalize the nudging procedure to include SST were not successful; possible explanations are offered. In all experiments forecast skill is found to be much higher for the 1980s than for the 1970s and 1990s, suggesting decadal variations in predictability.
Decomposition of MEG signals with sparse representations

We suggest an iterative method for the decomposition of MEG signals into some user-specified parts. It is based on a technique called morphological component analysis (MCA), which seeks sparse representations. A numerical simulation is carried out to reveal the performance characteristics of this method.
Relative scheduling under timing constraints: algorithms for high-level synthesis of digital circuits

For the synthesis of ASIC design that interface with external signals and events, timing constraints and operations with unbounded delays, i.e. delays unknown at compile time, must be considered. The authors present a relative scheduling formulation that supports operations with fixed and unbounded delays. The start time of an operation is specified in terms of offsets from the set of unbounded delay operations called anchors. The authors analyze a property, called well-posedness, of timing constraints. It is used to identify consistency of constraints in the presence of unbounded delay operations. The authors present an algorithm that will transform an ill-posed constraint graph into a minimally serialized well-posed constraint graph, if one exists. The anchors are then checked for redundancy, and they identify the minimum set of anchors that are required in computing the start time. They present an algorithm that schedules the operations relative to the anchors and yields a minimum schedule that satisfies the timing constraints, or detects whether no schedule exists, in polynomial time. They describe the generation of control logic from the resulting relative schedule. >
Alteration and self-reversal in oceanic basalts

[1] We report on magnetic properties and compositions of titanomaghemites from moderately to highly oxidized basalts recovered at nine drilling sites in the Pacific Ocean. These new data, together with similar data sets, allow us to test compositional fields of titanomaghemite that could carry self-reversed components of natural remanent magnetization above room temperature. These compositions have been proposed on the basis of theoretical considerations of cation distributions during ionic reordering associated with low-temperature oxidation (maghemitization). The data indicate that very high oxidation states (z ≥ 0.9) and relatively high Ti contents (x ≥ 0.6) are needed to produce natural self-reversed components; this compositional range is much more limited than predicted. The severe restrictions on compositions and oxidation state strongly suggest that self-reversed magnetizations should not be a general feature of the magnetization carried by oceanic basalt. Instead, the formation of self-reversed components may signify unusual conditions, such as extreme fluid flow and iron removal, which could result in the required oxidation states while maintaining stability of the cation-deficient titanomaghemite lattice structure.
Export and production growth: evidence from three major wheat exporters of Australia, Canada and the United States

This article investigates the robustness of the relationship between export and production growth for three major wheat exporters: Australia, Canada and the United States from 1966 to 2000. Combining production, international trade and development theories, a four variable (production, exports, producer price and imports) vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) model is developed for each country. The causality results show that the hypothesis of export-led development is supported by these three major players in the international wheat trade, though a bi-directional causality is found for Canada and the USA. Variance decomposition and impulse response functions are employed to further investigate the effects of macroeconomic shocks.
Four Fourth Graders Thinking Aloud: An Investigation of Genre Effects

This study investigated 4 developing readers' processing of text by asking them to think aloud as they read 5 narratives and 5 expository texts over the course of a school year. Five general catego...
Block copolymer dynamics

The ability to create unique nanoscale structures and to control the morphology of those structures with external fields (such as shear) has led to a blossoming of interest in block copolymer solutions and melts. The interrelations between shear history, morphology and rheology are actively being explored using experiments and computer simulation, although much remains to be done. Indeed, recent diffusion and rheology experiments indicate that even the disordered phase of these materials is not really understood.
On the contrastive analysis of features in second language acquisition: uninterpretable gender on past participles in English—French processing:

Lardiere's discussion raises important questions about the use of features in second language (L2) acquisition. This response examines predictions for processing of a feature-valuing model vs. a frequency-sensitive, associative model in explaining the acquisition of French past participle agreement. Results from a reading-time experiment support the feature-valuing model.
High-speed nanometer-resolved imaging-based laser vibrometry

We report a new type of laser vibrometer that performs high-speed imaging-based surface vibration measurements with ∼1 nm axial resolution at a record scan rate of 36.7 MHz without the need for beam scanning.
Mother and Teacher Assessments of Behavior Problems in Abused Children

ABSTRACT Objective Mother and teacher ratings of behavior problems in abused and nonabused children were compared. The extent to which ratings were related to maternal depressive symptoms was examined. Method The sample for this report consists of 172 elementary school-age abused children and a matched comparison group of 155 nonabused children. Maternal and teacher ratings of child behavior were obtained with the parent and teacher versions of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist. Maternal depressive symptomatology was assessed with the CES-Depression Scale. Results Mothers and teachers rated abused children, both boys and girls, as having greater behavior problems than nonabused children, with abused boys having more problems than abused girls. Regardless of abuse status, there were no significant differences by rater. Maternal depressive symptomatology had independent effects on maternal ratings but was not related to teacher ratings. The combination of abuse and maternal depressed mood resulted in the greatest problems for children. Both raters reported greater problems in the clinical range for abused boys than for nonabused boys. Few differences were noted between abused and nonabused girls for clinical problems. Conclusions Intervention strategies for abused children must address their behavioral problems and must consider the extent of depressive symptoms in the children's mothers. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1995, 34, 8:1043–1053.
Cutaneous non-X histiocytosis: Clinical and histologic features and response to dermabrasion

A 22-year-old man presented with a progressive cutaneous eruption consisting of reddish-yellow papules and plaques on his face, which was histopathologically characteristic of a non-X histiocytosis. No systemic involvement was present. Monoclonal antibody staining of the tissue infiltrate was strongly positive for only OKT6. On electron microscopy, Langerhans (Birbeck) granules were not found. Four years of conservative treatment was unsuccessful. Spontaneous involution did not occur. Dermabrasion not only produced excellent cosmetic results, but on rebiopsy the histiocytic infiltrate was absent. There has been no recurrence in treated areas after 18 months.
Language-based generation and evaluation of NIDS signatures

We present a methodology to automatically construct robust signatures whose accuracy is based on formal reasoning so it can be systematically evaluated. Our methodology is based on two formal languages that describe different properties of a given attack. The first language, called a session signature, describes temporal relations between the attack events. The second, called an attack invariant, describes semantic properties that hold in any instance of the attack. For example, an invariant may state that a given FTP attack must include a successful FTP login and can be launched only after the FTP representation mode has been set to ASCII. We iteratively eliminate false positives and negatives from an initial session signature by comparing the signature language to the language of the invariant. We developed GARD, a tool for session-signature construction, and used it to construct session signatures for multi-step attacks. We show that a session signature is more accurate than existing signatures.
Expression of C4 photosynthetic enzymes in oat-maize chromosome addition lines

Oat-maize addition lines are plants of oat (Avena sativa L.) (C3 photosynthesis) that include one or more chromosomes from maize (Zea mays L.) (C4 photo- synthesis). Addition lines are available for every maize chromosome 1 through 10. These oat-maize addition lines and derivative radiation hybrid lines may be useful to de- termine the extent to which individual maize chromo- somes contribute to C4 photosynthesis and for the identi- fication of the precise chromosomal regions involved in C4 photosynthesis. Investigations have been conducted that focused on the expression of two C4 enzymes in these oat-maize addition lines. RNA blot analysis showed C4-associated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc) mRNA expression in oat-maize addition lines containing maize chromosome 9 and 6 + 9, and C4-associated pyru- vate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) mRNA expression in oat-maize addition lines containing chromosome 6 and 6 + 9. Protein immunoblotting with poly clo nal antibodies against PEPc and PPDK in leaf protein extracts further showed the translation of the detected mRNA. Indirect immunocytological tests on microtomed tissue using mon- oclonal antibodies against PEPc and PPDK showed gene expression for PEPc in mesophyll cells of OMA 9 and not in oat, and PPDK in mesophyll cells of OMA 6 and not in oat. Assays with leaf protein extracts showed elevated PEPc and PPDK enzyme activities in the oat-maize chro- mosome 9 and 6 lines, respectively. The CO 2 compensa- tion point of oat-maize addition line 9 was comparable to normal oat (C3). The CO 2 compensation points of oat- maize addition lines 6 and the 6 + 9 combination were significantly lower than normal oat, but the lines still re- sponded more like C3 than C4 photosynthesis with the difference possibly due to oat genotype background ef- fects.
Measuring the Quality of Hospital Care: The Importance of Identifying Principal Risk Factors for Adverse Health Events and Using Risk Adjustment in Measures of Quality

Under pressure by powerful third party payers to cap soaring health care costs, health care provider organizations have felt the urgent necessity to deliver care more efficiently if they want to stay in business. Such a cost-efficiency approach to the delivery of health care focuses on two potential relationships: that between cost and utilization and that between cost and productivity. In view of such priorities, the recipients of health care have a strong intuition- and the right- to inquire about the quality of the health care services being rendered (Donabedian, 1980; Kazandjian, 1995).
Resistance of the Nucleosomal Organization of Eucaryotic Chromatin to Ionizing Radiation

The structural organization and radiation sensitivity of Tetrahymena chromatin under several conditions of modified transcriptional activity were investigated using the structure-specific nucleases, micrococcal nuclease and DNase I. Digestion of unirradiated nuclei by those nucleases proceeded with very similar kinetics and to a similar extent irrespective of the stages of growth of the cultures, except for the cultures in stationary phase, which became more resistant to DNase I digestion. Neither for suppression of total cellular RNA synthesis by actinomycin D nor the transient inhibition of only rRNA synthesis by 40 krad of ..gamma.. radiation affected the sensitivity of the chromatin of the nucleases. These results confirm that activity transcribing chromatin remains in an active conformation even when its function is temporarily inhibited, while more permanent repression of some genes during stationary phase appears to alter the chromatin and hence its susceptibility to DNase I. Actively transcribing ribosomal chromatin was found to be very sensitive to DNase I degradation compared to bulk chromatin; its sensitivity to DNase I was also not altered by 40 krad of ..gamma.. radiation, but was reduced in stationary phase. It is concluded that damage to DNA and/or chromatin resulting from ..gamma.. irradiation does not produce alterations inmore » the nucleosome-level organization of chromatin which can be measured by micrococcal nuclease and DNase I.« less
The Attitude of College Women toward Physical Activity as a Means of Recreation

(1941). The Attitude of College Women toward Physical Activity as a Means of Recreation. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 720-725.
Response-Conflict Moderates the Cognitive Control of Episodic and Contextual Load in Older Adults

OBJECTIVES Decline in cognitive control is one of the primary cognitive changes in normal aging. Reaching a consensus regarding the nature of these age-related changes, however, is complicated by the complexity of cognitive control as a construct. METHODS Healthy older and younger adults participated in a multifactorial test of cognitive control. Within participants, the procedure varied as a function of the amount contextual load, episodic load, and response-conflict load present. RESULTS We found that older adults showed impaired performance relative to younger adults. We also found, however, that the response selection process underlying the response-conflict manipulation was a major moderator of age-related differences in both the contextual and episodic load conditions-suggesting a hierarchical organization. DISCUSSION These findings are consistent with previous findings, suggesting that deficits in cognitive control in older adults are directly related to the resolution of response-conflict and that other apparent deficits may be derivative upon the more basic response-conflict related deficit.
ALPHA-PARTICLE SCATTERING BY $sup 20$Ne AT 16.8 MeV.

Energy-averaged angular distributions have been measured at 16.8 MeV for scattering to the ground state and first two excited states at $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$. Direct and compound-nuclear contributions have been estimated. Optical-model fits to the elastic scattering data with three discrete real potentials ($V=34, 57, \mathrm{and} 83$ MeV) were greatly improved by an $l$-dependent absorption. Only two well depths (50 and 80 MeV) gave reasonable ${0}^{+}$-${2}^{+}$ coupled-equation fits. Slightly better results for ${0}^{+}$-${2}^{+}$-${4}^{+}$ coupling were obtained by including a $j$-dependent absorption with $V=50$ MeV, $W=4.0$ MeV, $R=4.94$ F, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}=0.40$, and ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{4}=0.0$.
A study of the binding of cyanine dyes to colloidal quantum dots using spectral signatures of dye aggregation

This paper describes the use of the spectral signatures of near-infrared (NIR) absorbing cyanine dyes to quantitatively analyze their intermolecular interactions upon adsorption to colloidal CdSe quantum dots (QDs) with diameters of 2–3 nm. Spectroscopic characterization of the disaggregation of two types of sulfonate-functionalized cyanine molecules, IR783 and IR820, from H-aggregate dimers to monomers upon addition of methanol yields spectral signatures of aggregation used to analyze the response of the dyes to exposure to CdSe QDs. The spectrally distinct absorbances of the cyanines and QDs enable a factor analysis procedure that decomposes the absorbance spectrum of the QD/cyanine mixture into three distinct components—solution-phase cyanine molecules (in monomer and H-aggregate form), QD-bound cyanine monomers, and disordered, QD-bound cyanine aggregates—as a function of the molar ratio of cyanine to QD. The presence of these three distinct components strongly suggests that cyanines initially bind to...
Binomial and Sequential Sampling of Euseius tularensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae), a Predator of Citrus Red Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Citrus Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

A constant-precision binomial sampling method for Euseius tularensis (Congdon) in San Joaquin Valley navel oranges was derived from both intratree and intertree dispersion analyses. Taylor’s power law accurately represented the data, allowing constantprecision stop lines to be generated.
Comparison of commercial kits for the detection of anti-nDNA antibodies using Crithidia luciliae.

The reactions of sera from 15 selected patients with connective tissue diseases and 4 selected control people were compared with the use of five commercial kits detecting anti-nDNA antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence on Crithidia luciliae. The cases with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a related condition reacted with the kinetoplasts of the C. luciliae in each kit tested with one exception, notably a case of drug-induced LE. The four control cases selected for a trace of staining of the nuclei of C. luciliae gave negative reactions with the kinetoplasts. The titer for each individual positive serum varied from 1.36 to 2.67 (mean SG 2.04) geometric standard deviation units. The staining pattern of sera positive for anti-nDNA antibodies on C. luciliae included reactivity of the kinetoplast with or without nuclear staining. The drug-induced LE serum produced only nuclear staining with no significant kinetoplast staining, i.e., a negative test for anti-nDNA antibodies. Patient control sera stained only the nucleus when any reactivity on C. luciliae was present. Generally, there were no major differences in titers and patterns of sera when comparisons were made between manufacturers. The sera were also tested by the Farr radioimmunoassay and the latex nucleoprotein test. The results of both of these assays correlated in most cases with the C. luciliae reactions.
Toward a Theory of Religious Coalitions

Although there has been considerable descriptive writing about religious coalitions, more work is needed in specifying when these coalitions form and when they are successful. This article offers some sketches toward a more general theory of religious coalitions.
Use of Vascular Ultrasound in Clinical Trials to Evaluate New Cardiovascular Therapies

Though progress has been made in the fight against cardiovascular disease (CVD), the increasing global prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors ensures that CVD rates remain high. In order to reduce CVD incidence, a huge effort has been made to uncover additional targets for therapy and novel methods of identifying patients at risk. A low level of high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is recognized as an important independent risk factor for occurrence of a CV event, and new therapies capable of producing effective, clinically relevant increases in this key lipoprotein particle are in development. These therapies will most likely be assessed in comparison with proven CV-risk-reducing therapies such as statin treatment, rather than against a placebo comparator. Inevitably, therefore, clinical end-point trials will increase in both complexity and longevity. Potential efficacy data on new therapies may be revealed sooner by trials using surrogate end points, biomarkers of disease progression known to correlate with clinical events. For novel CV therapies, ultrasound-measured changes in atherosclerosis, such as the change in atheroma burden or plaque volume measured by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), or ultrasound-measured increase in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), may represent useful biomarkers. Both IVUS and CIMT are being widely deployed in trials of new and existing CV therapies to assess their impact on slowing the progression of atherosclerosis, and their use in this regard is the subject of this review.
Analyze the Fatigue Fracture of front Muffler of Exhaust Pipe by Modal Test

To deal with the fatigue fracture nearby welding line of front muffler of exhaust pipe in a micro car,modal test and analysis based on LMS Test.Lab was carried out.Four modals was appeared,and the torsion happened in the third modal(frequency is 144.42Hz) is the brief reason for the fatigue fracture.
Determination of Auto-antibody in Unidentified Hepatitis

Objective To investigate the significance of auto-antibody determination in unidentified hepatitis.Methods 92 serum specimens were tested for ANA and ASMA by indirect immunofluorescence assay and for AMA-M2,LKM-1,LC-1 and SLA/LP by western blot.Results At least one auto-antibody was detected from 57 cases of 92 serum specimens,approximately 62.0%.Among the positive result,37 cases were ANA positive,40.2%;26 cases were ASMA positive,28.3%;11 cases were AMA-M2 positive,12.0%;2 cases were LKM-1 positive,2.2%;1 case was SLA/LP positive,1.1%.Conclusion The determination of auto-antibody show great importance in causation exploration of unidentified hepatitis and early diagonosis and typing of the autoimmune hepatitis.
Extracorporeal life support for adult cardiorespiratory failure.

Background. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is routinely used for neonatal respiratorp: failure but is considered unsuccessful in adults based on old studies and old methods. We conducted a new phase 7 trial of modern extracorporeal the support (ECLS) in moribund adults with cardiorespiratory failure. Methods. Criteria for initiation of ECLS were 90% mortality risk despite maximal conventional care, good potential for recoverjy, age<60 years, and no contraindication to anticoagulation, Vascular access for ECLS was performed by operative or percutaneous cannulation. Continuous systemic heparinization was used, maintaining whole blood activated clotting time between 760 to 780 seconds
Transnational Asymmetries: US Philanthropic Foundations and the German School of Politics in the 1920s and 1930s

Peter Weber analyzes the relationship between the German School of Politics and US philanthropic foundations. The intellectuals close to the School of Politics were positioned at the critical intersection between private initiative and public action and aimed to influence the development of a German democratic society with the support of both German and American philanthropic institutions. This work points to the asymmetric connections between American ideals of democratic processes and the realities of the German political system, and hence raises general questions about the role of transnational philanthropy in support of democracy.
Groundwater depletion and climate change: future prospects of crop production in the Central High Plains Aquifer

Crop production in the Central High Plains is at an all-time high due to increased demand for biofuels, food, and animal products. Despite the need to produce more food by mid-century to meet expected population growth, under current management and genetics, crop production is likely to plateau or decline in the Central High Plains due to groundwater withdrawal at rates that greatly exceed recharge to the aquifer. The Central High Plains has experienced a consistent decline in groundwater storage due to groundwater withdrawal for irrigation greatly exceeding natural recharge. In this heavily irrigated region, water is essential to maintain yields and economic stability. Here, we evaluate how current trends in irrigation demand may impact groundwater depletion and quantify the impacts of these changes on crop yield and production through to 2099 using the well-established System Approach to Land Use Sustainability (SALUS) crop model. The results show that status quo groundwater management will likely reduce irrigated corn acreage by ~60% and wheat acreage by ~50%. This widespread forced shift to dryland farming, coupled with the likely effects of climate change, will contribute to overall changes in crop production. Taking into account both changes in yield and available irrigated acreage, corn production would decrease by approximately 60%, while production of wheat would remain fairly steady with a slight increase of about 2%.