cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alexithymia, gender, and hemispheric functioning

It has been hypothesized that alexithymia is related to an impairment of the right hemisphere or a deficiency in interhemispheric transfer. We used the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and the tactile finger localization task of Zeitlin et al. to test these relationships on nonclinical samples of college men and women, and also considered the role of short-term memory. Among 47 men, the TAS-20 facets of difficulty identifying feelings or difficulty describing feelings were correlated with poorer performance by the right compared with the left hemisphere in uncrossed trials and poorer interhemispheric transfer of information on crossed trials; short-term memory was not related. Thus, both hemispheric hypotheses were supported for men. However, among 58 women, alexithymia was completely unrelated to either index of hemispheric functioning; instead, poorer short-term memory (specifically digits backwards) strongly predicted poorer interhemispheric transfer. We conclude that deficiencies in right hemisphere function and interhemispheric transfer may contribute to alexithymia in men, but not in women.
Methods for the Bethe-Salpeter Equation. I. Special Functions and Expansions in Spherical Harmonics

Elements of the structure of the Bethe-Salpeter equation are studied. Properties of useful special functions are obtained and free-particle solutions to the truncated expansion of the equation in four-dimensional spherical harmonics are derived in terms of known special functions. The validity of the truncation approximation is examined in terms of a convenient representation of the Green's function. In particular, it is shown that the method of truncating the differential Bethe-Salpeter equation cannot succeed for scattering. The development of alternative procedures is deferred to the paper following. As a by-product, a simple computational technique for the approximation of integrals by Gaussian quadrature is derived.
Developing a Bilingual, Computer-Tailored, HPV Vaccination Promotion Intervention Targeting Latino Parents

In this paper we present an innovative, computer-tailored application aimed at increasing Latino parents' intention to vaccinate their adolescent children against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. Latinas have the highest age-adjusted incidence rate for HPV-associated cervical cancer compared with their counterparts in other racial/ethnic groups. HPV vaccines offer hope against HPV-associated diseases. Because parental consent is required for children under age 18 to receive the HPV vaccination in most U. S. states, parents' attitudes and intention to have their children vaccinated are keys for promoting HPV vaccination. As health care providers often find it challenging to provide HPV vaccination education in clinical settings due to competing demands, we developed a computer-tailored application as an innovative and feasible approach to address this gap. The preliminary data suggest that our design is promising for increasing Latino parents' intention to vaccinate their adolescent children. In this paper we will provide the design of the application, preliminary findings and future plans.
The mechanism of oxidation of mercury in the presence of EDTA

Abstract The oxidation of mercury in the presence of EDTA (ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid) has been studied over the pH range 4.6–12 using cyclic voltammetry, normal and reverse pulse voltammetry and chronocoulometry. The reaction is complicated by product adsorption and slow electron-transfer kinetics. The parameters for heterogeneous electron transfer when the electrode surface is saturated with product are ks0=1.2×10−2 cm s−1, α=0.40 at pH 7.34.
SOME RELATIONSHIPS OF BEGINNING STROKES IN HANDWRITING TO THE HUMAN FIGURE DRAWING TEST

The beginning strokes in handwriting which were of concern in this study are of two types. One type, which we shall call the primary beginning stroke, is the initial upstroke sometimes found on words beginning with the small letters a, c, d, g, and q (see Fig. 1, Column "A"). The other type, which we shall call the secondary beginning stroke, is the initial upstroke frequently found on words beginning with the small letters a, v, w, and y (see Fig. 1, Column "B" ) .
Self-assembled aerogel-like low dielectric constant films

A series of new spin-on nanoporous silica films with controlled porosity and dielectric constants were prepared by evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) during spin-coating. Starting with a homogeneous solution of soluble silica and surfactant/swelling agent prepared in an alcohol/water solvent, preferential evaporation of alcohol during spin-coating results in the hierarchical self-assembly of surfactants plus swelling agent and soluble silica into a templated microemulsion system. Silicate polymerization followed by removal of surfactant and swelling agents via immediate calcination results in a highly porous silica film of the liquid crystalline assembly with controlled porosity ranging from 50% to 90% and dielectric constant ranging from 1.3 to 2.6. TEM and surface acoustic wave (SAW) techniques were used to characterize the microstructure of the films. The dielectric constant, Young's modulus, and hardness of the final films are also discussed.
A preliminary study of the impact of online instruction on teachers’ technology concerns Yuliang Liu, Peter Theodore and Ellen Lavelle

The lead investigator taught a graduate online course, ‘Research Methods in Education’, at a Midwestern state university in the United States in the fall semester of 2001. Twenty-three participants were recruited from those enrolled in an online section of that course. Participants were then asked to complete consent forms and demographic surveys. All participants were in-service teachers, and a majority were in their first or second year of graduate studies in education. This study involved a single-group, pretest-posttest design. Specifically, the participants were pretested to measure the initial state of learner characteristics before online instruction with the SoC Questionnaire in the first week face-to-face orientation in the fall semester of 2001. Subsequently, the participants were exposed to the online WebCT environment from the second week through to the final week. During the final week the participants were posttested online with the same instrument to measure the developmental state of those characteristics affected by online instruction over the semester. The mean differences on each of the seven scales in the SoC Questionnaire were statistically tested to determine whether there were any significant differences in the concerns instrument.
PICTURING REPEATED MEASURES : COMMENTS ON LOFTUS, MORRISON, AND OTHERS

Loftus’s (1993b, 1995) recommendation that investigators routinely include plots of appropriate means along with 95% confidence intervals or some other indication of variability has considerable merit, yet we agree with Morrison and Weaver (1995) that such plots can supplement but not supplant the usual reporting of analysis of variance results. Providing them may be easier than Loftus and Masson (1994) indicated, especially when error bars are understood as supplemental descriptive devices. We suggest a general, unified approach that applies to the explication of both between- and within-subjects effects. Variability is estimated separately for each group of scores identified as different by analysis because this serves description better. Raw scores are used for between-subjects effects, scores adjusted for between-subjects variability for within-subjects effects. All computations and figures are easily effected using common spreadsheet programs.
Instability of the Machine-Transposed Cable under Axial Short-Circuit Forces in Large Power Transformers

The axial instability of the winding conductor is one of the principal modes of mechanical failure in large power transformers under axial compressive forces generated by the electromagnetic interaction of the short-circuit current and the radial leakage flux. It is a buckling type of mechanical instability that occurs under compression. Two possible modes of failure in the layer-type coil wound with the continuously transposed cable are identified and analyzed in this paper. The critical design loads leading to instability of the individual strands, as well as of the whole cable, are separately derived. The actual instability threshold of the coil would be the lesser of the two critical loads. For the through-fault integrity of the transformer design, this threshold must be greater than the peak compressive force on the cable under the worst-case short-circuit current.
“Single-Beam CARS for Standoff Detection of Explosives and Development of Fiber Lasers Required for Practical Implementation”

Sensitivity and selectivity of CARS signal from a single-beam laser setup are evaluated under real-time imaging conditions. Practical implementation would require ultrafast fiber laser oscillators, as will be shown, capable of producing intense ultrashort pulses.
The Prevalence of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 in the Beaver Dam Eye Study

Purpose To examine the prevalence of macular telangiectasia type 2 and lesions characterizing it. Design Population-based cohort study. Methods setting: City and township of Beaver Dam, 1988-1990. study population: A total of 4790 people 43-86 years of age. observation procedure(s): Grading from stereoscopic fundus photographs to measure macular telangiectasia type 2. main outcome measure: Prevalent macular telangiectasia type 2. Results Macular telangiectasia type 2 was present at baseline in 0.1% of the population (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09, 0.1). The frequencies of loss of retinal transparency, crystals in the inner retinal layers, blunted retinal vessels, localized intraretinal pigment migration in the juxtafoveolar region, and presence of yellow deposits and lamellar holes in the foveal area in those without macular telangiectasia type 2 varied from 0.06% for retinal telangiectatic vessels to 1.2% for lamellar holes. Smoking was associated with pigment clumping (odds ratio [OR] per pack year 1.02; 95% CI 1.00, 1.03; P = .02), retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) depigmentation (OR 1.02 per pack year; 95%CI 1.00, 1.04; P = .02), loss of transparency (OR 1.02 per pack year; 95% CI 1.00, 1.03; P = .008), and the presence of a yellow spot in the fovea (OR 2.24 current vs past or never smoker; 95% CI 1.29, 3.89; P = .004), but not with presence of macular telangiectasia type 2 (OR 2.72; 95% CI 0.45, 16.28; P = .27). Conclusions The prevalence of macular telangiectasia type 2 (0.1%) is higher than previously thought. These data are useful in estimating the burden of this condition in the population. The role of smoking in the development of macular telangiectasia type 2 requires further study.
Effects of early track structure on the radiation chemistry of water irradiated with heavy ions

Abstract The ways in which the physical structure of heavy ion tracks influences the observed radiation chemistry of water are reviewed. Hydrated electrons are produced in the same initial yield as in low LET radiolysis, but they disappear more rapidly during diffusion of the denser tracks. LET increases with increased charge and with decreased ion velocity, but radii of the core and penumbra regions of the track depend only on ion velocity. Consequently, radicals can be produced at very different spatial densities with ions of similar LET. Homogeneous radical, molecular and initial total water decomposition yields reflect these differences. The HO2 radical is produced in significant yield only in tracks, but unlike e-aq and OH its yield appears to be a unique function of core LET. Radical scavengers increase the effective radical yields by competing with recombination processes, most efficiently in the denser tracks. Nuclear fragmentation is expected to increase radical yields measured at depth in thick targets irradiated with high energy heavy ions, by contaminating the beam with secondaries that have less dense tracks. Recent evidence indicates that this effect may not be as large as had been thought previously.
Predation by Mysis Relicta on Pontoporeia Hoyi: A Food Chain Link of Potential Importance in the Great Lakes

Abstract Sediment cores composed of benthic microorganisms and the natural assemblage of benthic fauna from Lakes Michigan and Erie were maintained intact at 4° C in a laboratory incubator for 10 weeks. Visual inspection of the microcosms showed that the opossum shrimp Mysis relicta , an omnivorous planktivore, frequently preyed on the burrowing amphipod Pontoporeia hoyi , a benthic detritivore; a previously unreported predator/prey relationship. Predation by Mysis on Pontoporeia demonstrates that Mysis can utilize not only the plankton carbon pool but the benthic/detrital carbon pool as well. This relationship may represent an important link in the food web of the Great Lakes, since Pontoporeia is the dominant macrobenthic organism in the lakes and both organisms are an important food source for immature salmonids and other fish species in the Great Lakes.
Entropies of transformation and fusion of the metallic elements

Abstract The entropy of transformation of metals which possess two or more of the common metallic structures and the entropy of fusion of metals which have one of these structures prior to melting were analyzed. It is concluded that both entropies are dependent upon the crystalline structure of the phases involved and the number of valence electrons, except for transitions between the close-packed structures, h.c.p. → f.c.c. and d.h.c.p. → f.c.c., for which the entropy of transformation is apparently only structure dependent. Application of these correlations enabled the prediction of the entropies of fusion for 16 metals and the entropies of transformation for 5 metals for which no reliable experimental data exist.
Monetary policy and stock price dynamics with limited asset market participation

Abstract We study a New-Keynesian DSGE model subject to limited asset market participation (LAMP) and assess whether monetary policy should respond to stock prices for what concerns the determinacy and the learnability (E-stability) of the Rational Expectations Equilibrium (REE). We find that interest rate rules granting a positive response to stock prices facilitate both the determinacy and the E-stability of the fundamental REE when the degree of LAMP is sufficiently large to generate an inverted aggregate demand channel of monetary policy transmission. Moreover, according to our analysis, policy rules responding to stock prices appear to perform better than more standard rules responding to output with respect to both equilibrium determinacy and aggregate welfare.
Laparoscopic uterosacral uterine suspension: a minimally invasive technique for treating pelvic organ prolapse

Abstract Study Objective To assess the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic uterosacral uterine suspension and describe the surgical technique. Design Retrospective chart review (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). Setting University tertiary medical center. Patients Twenty-three patients with symptomatic uterine prolapse and desire for uterine preservation who underwent surgical repair. Intervention Laparoscopic uterine uterosacral uterine suspension. Measurements Preoperative and postoperative evaluations were completed. The stage of pelvic organ prolapse was assessed using the ICS pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) examination. Descriptive statistics and paired t testing were used for statistical analysis. Results Nineteen of 23 patients (82.6%) had preoperative prolapse stage 2 or greater. Nine patients (40.9%) had uterine prolapse beyond the hymen. After operation there were significant improvements in the stage of prolapse (2 vs 0, p Conclusion Laparoscopic uterine suspension appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for uterine prolapse in patients who desire uterine preservation.
Socialization and Autonomy

In 'Autonomy and Socialization' (Mind, lxxxix, I 980) and 'Compatibilism and Conditioning' (Nous, xiv; I979), Robert Young sets out a positive account of autonomy and then attempts to rebut an argument purporting to show that the socialization that we undergo precludes attainment of autonomy. Although much of his account of autonomy is valuable, all attempts to answer the crucial socializationist rebuttal must be deemed failures. Young's account of an autonomous person is that of one who orders his life according to a plan or conception which fully expresses his will (AS what is essential is our ability to accept or reject these motivations once they are raised to consciousness. Young immediately sees that such a reply, by itself, would hardly satisfy the socializationist critic. The objector's complaint is characterized by the claim that the only people who can identify or reject heretofore hidden motivations once these have been raised to consciousness, are those whose processes of socialization permits them to do so. Such a characterization, though, veils what the critic might have in mind. The two glosses are: (a) the engagement in self-scrutiny, the process of critical evaluation, is the product of socialization, after which the agent actively, i.e. autonomously, either accepts or rejects his motivational structure
Characterization of isomeric elastomers using thermal analysis

Many of the isomers of polybutadiene and polyisoprene elastomers can be characterized by thermal analysis.T g is sensitive to side chain units (1,2 or 3,4 structure) for both polymers. Crystallinity measurements can characterizecis andtrans isomers. DMA and DEA master curves provide an idea of the heterogeneity of the chain units from the width of the loss factor curves in theT g region. Thermal and thermooxidative degradation, as followed by DSC and DTG, can differentiate specific natural and synthetic isomers of polyisoprenes in raw and vulcanized states.
TU‐E‐303A‐03: Breast CT as a Platform for Image Guided Therapies of Breast Cancer

Dedicated breast computed tomography(CT)systems were designed and fabricated in our laboratory using off‐the‐shelf components (x‐ray system,detector, and bearing) integrated into a custom designed system. For imaging, a 360 degree acquisition using cone beam geometry is used to acquire 500 projection images which are reconstructed to produce a high resolution ∼512 × 512 × 512 CT volume data set. In addition to the diagnostic imaging capabilities of the bCT scanner, the system appears to be an excellent platform for image guidance of interventional procedures such as robotic biopsy, radiofrequency ablation, and cryoablation. In addition to percutaneous procedures, the bCT system may also be an excellent platform for rotational beam radiation therapy. Computer simulations and physical phantom‐based experiments were used to define the dose distributions possible using the bCT system for radiation therapy. A number of beam energies from 120 kVp to 480 kVp were simulated. Initial results suggest that in addition to homogeneous dose distributions for treating the whole breast, that focused therapeutic approaches using collimators may be possible. The pendent position of the breast with the women prone is also thought to be a more reproducible approach to fractionated radiotherapy of the breast. Educational goals are to inform the attendee of the possible benefits of breast cancer therapies delivered from a breast CT platform Research support for this project has been provide in part by Varian Medical Systems, Fuji Medical Systems, and Hologic Corporation, in addition to the NIH
Political Dimensions of Security Transformation in Latin America

This article suggests that the lack of advancement in both the actual protection of citizens' rights and institutional democratic reforms of the security sector in Latin America is due to a complex and intertwined set of political conditions. Three sets of conditions are key: (1) the political context (institutional and political constraints and opportunities); (2) social perceptions and demands on security; and (3) the institutional development of security forces. While policymakers and academics have focused mostly on security institutions themselves, this article argues that they need to be situated within a broader set of incentives and constraints within the political system. The challenge for civil society groups is how to advance a pro-civil rights agenda under such an unwelcoming set of incentives.
Parallel program performance prediction using deterministic task graph analysis

In this article, we consider analytical techniques for predicting detailed performance characteristics of a single shared memory parallel program for a particular input. Analytical models for parallel programs have been successful at providing simple qualitative insights and bounds on program scalability, but have been less successful in practice for providing detailed insights and metrics for program performance (leaving these to measurement or simulation). We develop a conceptually simple modeling technique called deterministic task graph analysis that provides detailed performance prediction for shared-memory programs with arbitrary task graphs, a wide variety of task scheduling policies, and significant communication and resource contention. Unlike many previous models that are stochastic models, our model assumes deterministic task execution times (while retaining the use of stochastic models for communication and resource contention). This assumption is supported by a previous study of the influence of nondeterministic delays in parallel programs.We evaluate our model in three ways. First, an experimental evaluation shows that our analysis technique is accurate and efficient for a variety of shared-memory programs, including programs with large and/or complex task graphs, sophisticated task scheduling, highly nonuniform task times, and significant communication and resource contention. The results also show that the deterministic assumption is crucial to permit accurate and yet efficient analysis of these programs. Second, we use three example programs to illustrate the predictive capabilities of the model. In two cases, broad insights and detailed metrics from the model are used to suggest improvements in load-balancing and the model quickly and accurately predicts the impact of these changes. In the third case, the model provides novel insights into the impact of program design changes that improve communication locality as well as load-balancing, via new (but general-purpose) metrics. Finally, we present results from a comparison of our model and representative stochastic models, and use these to characterize the conditions under which a deterministic model or stochastic models would be appropriate.
Fuzzy clustering approach in unsupervised sea-ice classification

Abstract Fuzzy clustering approach for the determination of sea-ice types in polar regions from passive radar images is considered in this paper. The sea-ice concentration in polar regions is generally monitored by multichannel passive microwave imager, and the sea-ice types in polar regions are determined by clustering. However, the boundaries between different sea-ice types are often fuzzy and the results obtained by hard clustering algorithms are often not acceptable. In this paper, the fuzzy clustering algorithm is applied to segment arctic regions by sea-ice types. The number of clusters are determined by partition density method. The experimental results with daily observations for one-year period show that sea-ice types found by fuzzy clustering approach are stable. The formation and growth of sea-ice can also be monitored from the clustered results.
Update on the Appropriate Staging Evaluation for Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer

AbstractPurpose: Prostate cancer clinical staging methods and decision support tools were reviewed to assess their accuracy to predict pathological staging results and determine what comprises an appropriate clinical staging evaluation.Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE data base was searched and 238 abstracts were obtained. Data were extracted from 142 articles that evaluated the preoperative accuracy of digital rectal examination, prostate specific antigen, prostatic acid phosphatase, systematic biopsy parameters (including Gleason scoring), seminal vesicle biopsy, various imaging studies and pelvic lymphadenectomy versus pathological staging results. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates were calculated and tabulated from the reported data on each method or decision support tools for organ confined, nonorgan confined and lymph node metastatic tumor.Results: Decision support tools based on logistic regression analysis, which combine several statistically independent staging parameters, had gre...
Coupling iodine speciation to primary, regenerated or “new” production: a re-evaluation

In two recent studies (Tian et al., Deep-Sea Res. I 43 (1996) 723-738; Campos et al., Deep-Sea Res. II 43 (1996) 455-466), in order to explain the observed temporal variations in the distributions of the dissolved iodine species at the time-series stations in the Mediterranean Sea, the North Atlantic and the North Pacific, diverse assumptions were invoked on the relationships between changes in the speciation of dissolved iodine in the surface oceans and biological production such that the surface enrichment of I - was linked to both regenerated production and primary production while the surface depletion of [IO - 3 + I - ] was linked to new production. However, while some of the major conclusions in these studies are critically dependent on these assumptions, the validity of the assumptions has yet to be verified with experimental evidence. On the other hand, while there are still significant unknowns in the understanding of the cycling among dissolved iodine species in the surface oceans, presently available data from laboratory cultures and field observations are consistent with an alternative conceptual model in which IO - 3 and NO - 3 are taken up at some ratio to each other during NO - 3 uptake and almost all of the IO - 3 taken up is exuded as I - , Thus, the depletion of IO - 3 and the enrichment of I - in the surface water are linked to NO - 3 uptake. This alternative model is also consistent with the data sets presented by Tian et al. (1996) and Campos et al. (1996). By linking the surface depletion of IO - 3 to NO - 3 uptake, significantly different biogeochemical behavior of the marine dissolved iodine system may be inferred. The extent to which I - may be oxidized to IO - 3 within the euphotic zone during the residence time of the water in the surface ocean is still an open question.
Use of Nonconventional Incoherent Beam Arrays for Reduction of Turbulence-induced Scintillation

General guidelines for use of nonconventional incoherent beam arrays in scintillation reduction are explored; with these a new beam class is considered and the scintillation of the corresponding incoherent beam array is significantly reduced.
Effect of the association time of in vivo bound prolactin on the [125I]prolactin receptor assays of female rat livers.

Significantly (P < 0.01) reduced 125I-labeled ovine prolactin binding (mean, −22%), as a result of an ether anesthesia-reduced rise in serum prolactin, was observed in plasma membrane preparations of liver samples of female rats taken after 5 min of etherization when compared to samples taken from the same animals during the first minute of etherization. This reduction in assayable receptors occurred after l h but not 2 h of assay incubation time. Significantly (P < 0.05) reduced 125I-labeled ovine prolactin binding (mean, −16%) was also observed in liver samples exposed to a 30-min ether-induced rise in serum prolactin when compared to liver samples taken during the first minute of etherization. In contrast, this reduction was apparent at assay incubation times of 1, 2 and 4 h but not at 10 h. These results suggest that serum prolactin can bind to prolactin receptors in vivo and partially block subsequent 125I-labeled ovine prolactin receptor assay. In addition, these data provide evidence that a complex time-dependent binding of prolactin may occur in the plasma of the female rat liver.
Energy allocation during concurrent pregnancy and lactation in Norway rats with delayed and undelayed implantation

Despite the high cost of lactation alone, concurrent preganncy and lactation (CPL) is widespread among rodents. Many species that exhibit CPL delay implantation of the litter in utero while nursing. The first purpose of this study was to describe the pattern of energy allocation during CPL in a species with a large degree of overlap between gestation and lactation. Resting metabolic rate, food consumption and mass changes of Norway rat dams and litters, digestive efficiency and urinary energy loss of dams, and pup tissue energy equivalents were determined for CPL dams and for dams that were only lactating (C). CPL dams had significantly higher metabolic rates than C dams. Food consumption, pup growth, tissue energy equivalents, and assimilation efficiency were similar for both groups. The energy equivalent of mass change was greater for C dams, which gained in maternal mass (lipid) during lactation, than for CPL dams, which only increased in mass because of the litter in utero. The second purpose of this study was to investigate the suggestion that delayed implantation during CPL evolved as a mechanism to lower peak energy demands during CPL. Concurrently pregnant and lactating dams were injected with estrone (ECPL dams) on days 3–16 of lactation to prevent them from delaying implantation. A group of dams that were only lactating also received estrone injections (EC dams). ECPL dams produced smaller offspring at weaning than EC dams. This effect was more pronounced for large-littered dams. These results indicate that the increased metabolic cost of a concurrent pregnancy is met by diverting energy into production of pup tissue rather than maternal tissue and that delayed implantation likely evolved as a means to decrease the peak energy demands of CPL.
Another side of Frantz Fanon: Reflections on socialism and democracy

(1997). Another side of Frantz Fanon: Reflections on socialism and democracy. New Political Science: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 89-111.
Light-front QCD1+1 coupled to chiral adjoint fermions

Abstract We consider SU(N) gauge theory in 1+1 dimensions coupled to chiral fermions in the adjoint representation of the gauge group. With all fields in the adjoint representation the gauge group is actually SU(N) Z N , which possesses nontrivial topology. In particular, there are N distinct topological sectors and the physical vacuum state has a structure analogous to a θ vacuum. We show how this feature is realized in light-front quantization for the case N = 2, using discretization as an infrared regulator. In the discretized form of the theory the nontrivial vacuum structure is associated with the zero momentum mode of the gauge field A+. We find exact expressions for the degenerate vacuum states and the analog of the θ vacuum. The model also possesses a condensate which we calculate. We discuss the difference between this chiral light-front theory and the theories that have previously been considered in the equal-time approach.
Metabolite Changes Associated with Initiation and Maintenance of Lactation in Rats and Cows

Abstract Metabolite levels in rat and cow mammary glands prepartum and at different stages of lactation were investigated, with a view toward determining whether changes in availabilities of energy sources and milk precursors to the mammary glands and changes in mammary metabolic regulatory systems are involved in effecting the initiation of lactation and milk yield in these species. Levels of energy substrates and milk precursors in the mammary glands of both species appeared adequate prepartum to support lactation. These observations were considered consistent with previous suggestions that the changes in cellularity and enzyme activities that occur after parturition in the rat might be responsible for initiation of lactation. Since no significant prepartum and postpartum differences in enzyme activities or availabilities of metabolites to the mammary gland have been observed in cows, the mechanisms involved in regulating the initiation of lactation in this species remain unresolved. The metabolite data presented suggest that the hexokinase and P-fructokinase reactions are rate-limiting in rat and cow mammary glands and represent potential regulatory sites in energy metabolism, as has been suggested for other tissues.
Experimenting lucene index on HBase in an HPC environment

Data intensive computing has been a major focus of scientific computing communities in the past several years, and many technologies and systems have been developed to efficiently store and serve terabytes or even petabytes of data. One important effort in this direction is the HBase system. Modeled after Google's BigTable, HBase supports reliable storage and efficient access to billions of rows of structured data. However, it does not provide an efficient searching mechanism based on column values. To achieve efficient search on text data, this paper proposes a searching framework based on Lucene full-text indices implemented as HBase tables. Leveraging the distributed architecture of HBase, we expect to get high performance and availability, and excellent scalability and flexibility for our searching system. Our experiments are based on data from a real digital library application and carried out on a dynamically constructed HBase deployment in a high-performance computing (HPC) environment. We have completed system design and data loading tasks of this project, and will cover index building and performance tests in future work.
Thermodynamic Modeling of Data Center Cooling Systems

The Villanova Thermodynamic Analysis of Systems (VTAS) is a flow network tool for modeling the thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer inherent to an entire data center system, including contributions by individual servers, the data center airspace, and the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) components. The framework for the VTAS design simulation involves the coupling of steady-state energy flows between components via a novel loop formulation. Models for all of the main components of the data center are included in VTAS as MATLAB functions. The application of VTAS towards an example legacy air cooled data center show that the largest portions of exergy destruction pertain to the server and room airflow components.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A close look at the spatial structure implied by the CAR and SAR models

Modeling spatial interactions that arise in spatially referenced data is commonly done by incorporating the spatial dependence into the covariance structure either explicitly or implicitly via an autoregressive model. In the case of lattice (regional summary) data, two common autoregressive models used are the conditional autoregressive model (CAR) and the simultaneously autoregressive model (SAR). Both of these models produce spatial dependence in the covariance structure as a function of a neighbor matrix W and often a fixed unknown spatial correlation parameter. This paper examines in detail the correlation structures implied by these models as applied to an irregular lattice in an attempt to demonstrate their many counterintuitive or impractical results. A data example is used for illustration where US statewide average SAT verbal scores are modeled and examined for spatial structure using different spatial models.
Ontogeny of hepatic sn-1,2-diacylglycerol content and protein kinase C activity in the neonatal rat: lack of concordance

Altered activity of protein kinase C has commonly been related to activator-induced changes in cellular sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (1,2-DAG) concentration. In neonatal liver 1,2-DAG can be synthesized by the developmentally expressed monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) activity (EC 2.3.1.22). Rat liver homogenats were examined on selected days after birth to determine whether the high MGAT activity present in neonatal rat liver was associated with high 1,2-DAG concentrations and altered protein kinase C activity and location. Although MGAT specific activity peaked between days 5 and 12, 1.2-DAG concentrations declined 63% between days 1 and 10, and the activity and membrane location of protein kinase C activity remained unchanged. Liver triacylglycerol content changed little during this time period, but the phospholipid and ceramide content of liver increased about 60 and 100%, respectively. Thus, changes in cell membrane 1,2-DAG content may not always be associated with changes in protein kinase C activity because multiple factors (including 1,2-DAG, fatty acids, and sphingosine) modulate the activity of this enzyme. Glycerolipid synthesis is likely to be the primary fate of the 1,2-DAG synthesized by the monoacylglycerol pathway.
Affinities of methylphenidate derivatives for dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin transporters.

Abstract We have synthesized several derivatives of dl-threo -methylphenidate (Ritalin) bearing substituents on the phenyl ring. IC 50 values for binding of these compounds to rat brain monoamine transporters were assessed using [ 3 H]WIN 35,428 (striatal membranes, dopamine transporters, DAT), [ 3 H]nisoxetine (frontal cortex membranes, norepinephrine transporters, NET) and [ 3 H]paroxetine (brain stem membranes, 5HT transporters, 5HTT). Affinities (1/Ki) decreased in the order: DAT > NET ⪢ 5HTT. Substitution at the para position of dl-threo -methylphenidate generally led to retained or increased affinity for the dopamine transporter (bromo > iodo > methoxy > hydroxy). Substitution at the meta position also increased affinity for the DAT (m-bromo > methylphenidate; m-iodo-p-hydroxy > p-hydroxy). Substitution at the ortho position with bromine considerably decreased affinity. Similar IC 50 values for binding of o-bromomethylphenidate to the dopamine transporter were measured at 0, 22 and 37 degrees. N-Methylation of the piperidine ring of methylphenidate also considerably reduced affinity. The dl-erythro isomer of obromomethylphenidate did not bind to the DAT (IC 50 > 50,000 nM). Affinities at the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters for substituted methylphenidate derivatives were well correlated (r 2 = 0.90). Abilities of several methylphenidate derivatives to inhibit [ 3 H]dopamine uptake in striatal synaptosomes corresponded well with inhibition of [ 3 H]WIN 35, 428 binding. None of the compounds examined exhibited significant affinity to dopamine D1 or D2 receptors (IC 50 > 500 or 5,000 nM, respectively), as assessed by inhibition of binding of [ 3 H]SCH 23390 or [ 123 I]epidepride, respectively, to striatal membranes.
Increased choline acetyltransferase activity in pressure-overloaded right ventricles of guinea pigs

Choline acetyltransferase activity, a biochemical indication of parasympathetic innervation, is increased in the hypertrophied right ventricle of guinea pigs after pulmonary artery constriction (PAC). The increase appears to be dependent on the severity and the duration of hypertrophy. This change in choline acetyltransferase activity suggests compensatory changes occur in the parasympathetic innervation of PAC guinea pigs which allows the right ventricle to maintain its level of parasympathetic innervation despite marked hypertrophy. Unlike the right ventricle, the SA node of PAC guinea pigs does not have detectable changes in choline acetyltransferase activity. This model of right ventricular hypertrophy also does not have detectable changes in baroreflex control of heart rate.
A tutorial proof of the integrality of transportation solutions

Abstract A simple, verbal proof is offered that shows transportation algorithms automatically yield integral solutions when supplies and demands are integral. Thus, there is no need to avoid this aspect of the theory in introductory texts or in classroom presentations to non-mathematically sophisticated audiences. A fallout of the proof is the fact that tree solutions are basic and vice-versa.
Crystal growth, structure, and physical properties of Ln(Ag, Al, Si)2 (Ln = Ce and Gd)

Single crystals of CeM2 and GdM2 (M = Ag, Al, and Si) were grown by the flux growth technique and characterized by means of single crystal x-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, resistivity, and heat capacity measurements. CeM2 and GdM2 crystallize in the tetragonal I41/amd space group with the α-ThSi2 structure type with lattice parameters a ~ 4.2 A and c ~ 14.4 A. Curie–Weiss behavior is observed for both analogues with CeM2 ordering first ferromagnetically at 11 K with a second antiferromagnetic transition at 8.8 K while GdM2 orders antiferromagnetically at 24 K. Heat capacity measurements on CeM2 show two magnetic transitions at 10.8 and 8.8 K with an electronic specific heat coefficient, γ0, of ~ 53 mJ K − 2 mol − 1. The entropy at the magnetic transition is less than the expected Rln2 for CeM2, reinforcing the assertions of an enhanced mass state and Kondo behavior being observed in the resistivity.
A Novel Signaling Pathway from Rod Photoreceptors to Ganglion Cells in Mammalian Retina

Abstract Current understanding suggests that mammalian rod photoreceptors connect only to an ON-type bipolar cell. This rod-specific bipolar cell excites the AII amacrine cell, which makes connections to cone-specific bipolar cells of both ON and OFF type; these, in turn, synapse with ganglion cells. Recent work on rabbit retina has shown that rod signals can also reach ganglion cells without passing through the rod bipolar cell. This route was thought to be provided by electrical gap junctions, through which rods signal directly to cones and thence to cone bipolar cells. Here, we show that the mouse retina also provides a rod pathway bypassing the rod bipolar cell, suggesting that this is a common feature in mammals. However, this alternative pathway does not require cone photoreceptors; it is perfectly intact in a transgenic mouse whose retina lacks cones. Instead, the results can be explained if rods connect directly to OFF bipolar cells.
Oviposition and Development of the Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) on Field Maize

ABSTRACT Reduced insecticide use in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., as a consequence of the Boll Weevil Eradication Program and the broad adoption of Bt cotton, have helped make the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), a consistent pest of cotton each year in the mid-south. Maize, Zea mays L., has been implicated as having a role in the season-long dynamics of tarnished plant bug infestations in cotton. To date, no published information exists describing the quality of maize as a host for tarnished plant bug. No-choice field studies indicated that adult tarnished plant bug females oviposited into maize leaves, tassels, and ears. Laboratory studies showed that first-instar tarnished plant bugs could successfully develop to the adult stage when fed maize silks at the R1 growth stage, tassels before (VT) and during (R1) pollen shed, and milk stage (R3) kernels from the tip and base of the ear. The proportion of nymphs surviving to the adult stage on these tissues was often similar to t...
Most Common Sports-Related Injuries in a Pediatric Emergency Department

Background: Participation in sports is a popular activity for children across the country. Prevention of sports-related injuries can be improved if details of injuries are documented and studied.Methods: A retrospective medical record review of injuries that occurred as a direct result of sports participation (both organized and non-organized play) from November 2006 to November 2007. Because the vast majority of injuries were a result of participation in football or basketball, these injuries were focused upon. The injuries specifically examined were closed head injury (CHI), lacerations and fractures.Results: There were 350 football and 196 basketball injuries (total 546). Comparing injuries between the two groups fractures were found to be more prevalent in football compared to basketball (z = 2.14; p = 0.03; 95%CI (0.01, 0.16)). Lacerations were found to be less prevalent among helmeted patients than those without helmets. (z = 2.39; p = 0.02; 95%CI (-0.17,-0.03)). CHI was more prevalent among organiz...
American samurai : myth, imagination, and the conduct of battle in the First Marine Division, 1941-1951

List of illustrations, maps and tables Preface Introduction: imagery and instrumentality in war 1. Mythic images of the Marines before Pearl Harbour 2. Creating Marine - and a masculine deal 3. Images of the Japanese 'other' defined: guadalcanal and beyond 4. 'Devil dogs' and 'dogfaces': images of the 'self' in Peleliu 5. Okinawa: technology empowers ideology 6. Collapse of the Pacific War images, 1945-1951 7. Rewriting the war Notes Selected bibliography.
Nuclear Protein Dysregulation in Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström Macroglobulinemia

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is characterized by monoclonal gammopathy, usually IgM, in association with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL). Little is known of the expression of nuclear proteins involved in B-cell development in LPL/WM. In this study, the expression patterns of PAX5/BSAP, MUM1/IRF4, and PRDM1/BLIMP1 were analyzed in plasma cells and lymphocytes in 29 cases of newly diagnosed LPL/WM by double immunohistochemical staining with CD138 and CD22. These patterns were compared with the expression profiles seen in normal bone marrow samples, reactive tonsils, and cases of plasma cell myeloma and marginal zone lymphoma. The median percentage of plasma cells coexpressing CD138 and PAX5 was significantly higher in LPL/WM compared with benign tissues (P = .001), marginal zone lymphoma (P = .002), and plasma cell myeloma (P < .0001), whereas the median percentage of plasma cells coexpressing CD138 and MUM1 was lower in LPL/WM than plasma cells in benign tissues (P = .02), marginal zone lymphoma (P = .001), and plasma cell myeloma (P = .0002). These findings show that a subset of plasma cells in LPL/WM demonstrates a nuclear protein expression pattern characteristic of the B-cell developmental program. Thus, the results better define the immunophenotypic profile of the neoplastic cells in LPL/WM.
Aspirin, Clopidogrel, and Warfarin: Is the Combination Appropriate and Effective or Inappropriate and Too Dangerous?

Objective:To review the rationale, clinical practice guideline recommendations, and clinical trial data describing bleeding and clinical outcomes associated with the use of the combination of aspirin, a thienopyridine, and warfarin.Data Sources:An English-language literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (1966–March 2008) and the search terms aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, thienopyridine, warfarin, antiplatelet, anticoagulant, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Additional references were identified by reviewing reference citations of articles retrieved.Study Selection and Data Extraction:Applicable data were extracted from published reports and studies that included either clinical outcomes or adverse events.Data Synthesis:Clinical guidelines recommend the combination of antiplatelets and anticoagulants based largely on writing committee consensus. To date, only one randomized clinical trial has evaluated the safety and efficacy of adding war...
Precision, Limit of Detection, and Signal-to-Noise Ratio

The equation of Jacquinot for the output power P of spectrometers is generalized to include spectrographs. By means of the concepts of responsivity and detectivity, one may then compare spectrographs equipped with photographic and photomissive sensors.
The Circadian Clock, Light, and Cryptochrome Regulate Feeding and Metabolism in Drosophila

Recent studies in mammals have demonstrated a central role for the circadian clock in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. In spite of these advances, however, little is known about how these complex...