cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pungency of chile (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit is affected by node position.

Received for publication 13 Dec. 1999. Accepted for publication 11 May 2000. A contribution of New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces. The authors thank Dr. D. Smith, New Mexico State Univ., for statistical advice and Drs. M. O’Connell and M. Wall, New Mexico State Univ., for reviewing. The cost of publishing this paper was defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. Under postal regulations, this paper therefore must be hereby marked advertisement solely to indicate this fact. Postdoctoral Fellow. E-mail: ytarekeg@nmsu.edu Professor. E-mail: pbosland@nmsu.edu Pungency of Chile (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruit is Affected by Node Position
The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with local-scale measurements

[1] This first paper of the two‐part series describes the objectives of the community efforts in improving the Noah land surface model (LSM), documents, through mathematical formulations, the augmented conceptual realism in biophysical and hydrological processes, and introduces a framework for multiple options to parameterize selected processes (Noah‐MP). The Noah‐MP’s performance is evaluated at various local sites using high temporal frequency data sets, and results show the advantages of using multiple optional schemes to interpret the differences in modeling simulations. The second paper focuses on ensemble evaluations with long‐term regional (basin) and global scale data sets. The enhanced conceptual realism includes (1) the vegetation canopy energy balance, (2) the layered snowpack, (3) frozen soil and infiltration, (4) soil moisture‐groundwater interaction and related runoff production, and (5) vegetation phenology. Sample local‐scale validations are conducted over the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE) site, the W3 catchment of Sleepers River, Vermont, and a French snow observation site. Noah‐MP shows apparent improvements in reproducing surface fluxes, skin temperature over dry periods, snow water equivalent (SWE), snow depth, and runoff over Noah LSM version 3.0. Noah‐MP improves the SWE simulations due to more accurate simulations of the diurnal variations of the snow skin temperature, which is critical for computing available energy for melting. Noah‐MP also improves the simulation of runoff peaks and timing by introducing a more permeable frozen soil and more accurate simulation of snowmelt. We also demonstrate that Noah‐MP is an effective research tool by which modeling results for a given process can be interpreted through multiple optional parameterization schemes in the same model framework.
Ultraviolet absorption spectra of some 2-substituted pyridines. σ-π conjugation involving group IV elements

Abstract This study reports the electronic spectra, in cyclohexane and 95% ethanol solvents, of some members of several series of 2-substituted pyridines containing Group IV elements. The compounds all contain the Group IV elements separated by a saturated carbon atom from the pyridine chromophore. The positions and intensities of both the 1Lb and 1La pyridine bands are sensitive to the substituents. The results are interpreted in terms of carbon-metal (σ-π) hyperconjugation.
The long-term financial impact of electronic health record implementation

Objective To examine the financial impact of electronic health record (EHR) implementation on ambulatory practices. Methods We tracked the practice productivity (ie, number of patient visits) and reimbursement of 30 ambulatory practices for 2 years after EHR implementation and compared each practice to their pre-EHR implementation baseline. Results Reimbursements significantly increased after EHR implementation even though practice productivity (ie, the number of patient visits) decreased over the 2-year observation period. We saw no evidence of upcoding or increased reimbursement rates to explain the increased revenues. Instead, they were associated with an increase in ancillary office procedures (eg, drawing blood, immunizations, wound care, ultrasounds). Discussion The bottom line result—that EHR implementation is associated with increased revenues—is reassuring and offers a basis for further EHR investment. While the productivity losses are consistent with field reports, they also reflect a type of efficiency—the practices are receiving more reimbursement for fewer seeing patients. For the practices still seeing fewer patients after 2 years, the solution likely involves advancing their EHR functionality to include analytics. Although they may still see fewer patients, with EHR analytics, they can focus on seeing the right patients. Conclusions Practice reimbursements increased after EHR implementation, but there was a long-term decrease in the number of patient visits seen in this ambulatory practice context.
Dollar for Dollar Crowding Out in the Textbook Keynesian Cross Model When the Economy is Below Full Employment

In this paper, it will be demonstrated that a "dollar for dollar" crowding out of national investment caused by increased government spending is not just something that occurs within classical macroeconomic models. The reason for this is that in a closed economy Keynesian cross model with ignores money, national savings, or Y - C - G, is equal to national investment, or I. Such an "equilibrium" does not provide the national savings needed to finance a purely fiscal increase in government spending in a closed economy. Any additional government spending would have to occur at the expense of an already low level of capital spending and thus make the government spending multiplier equal to zero.
Bayes methods for combining disease and exposure data in assessing environmental justice

Environmental justice reflects the equitable distribution of the burden of environmental hazards across various sociodemographic groups. The issue is important in environmental regulation, siting of hazardous waste repositories and prioritizing remediation of existing sources of exposure. We propose a statistical framework for assessing environmental justice. The framework includes a quantitative assessment of environmental equity based on the cumulative distribution of exposure within population subgroups linked to disease incidence through a dose-response function. This approach avoids arbitrary binary classifications of individuals solely as 'exposed' or 'unexposed'. We present a Bayesian inferential approach, implemented using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, that accounts for uncertainty in both exposure and response. We illustrate our method using data on leukaemia deaths and exposure to toxic chemical releases in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.
In vitro development and characterization of a manatee bronchial cell line.

Abstract In the present study, culture conditions that promote the growth and differentiation of manatee respiratory tract epithelial cells toward a mucociliary phenotype were determined. Characterization of a manatee-specific cell line enables investigators to conduct in vitro testing where live-animal experimentation is not possible. Cell cultures were established from both explants and enzymatically dissociated cells that were isolated from manatee bronchial tissue. To modulate their differentiation, bronchial epithelial cells were grown on Transwell® collagen membranes either submerged or at an air–liquid interface. Growth on a collagen membrane at an air–liquid interface and medium supplemented with retinoic acid was required to promote a mucociliary phenotype. When cells were grown in submerged cultures without retinoic acid, they appeared more squamous and were not ciliated. Intracellular keratin proteins were detected in both submerged and interface cultures. Cultured manatee bronchial epithelial ...
Characteristics of MOS Capacitors with NO and POCl3 Annealed Gate Oxides on (0001), (11-20) and (000-1) 4H-SiC

MOS capacitors have been fabricated on (0001), (11-20) and (000-1) oriented 4H-SiC under different post-oxidation anneal (POA) conditions. 100 MHz conductance measurement shows the generation of very fast donor-type interface traps after NO anneal for both Si-face (0001) and a-face (11-20), but not on C-face (000-1). Fast traps were not observed in POCl3 annealed samples for any orientation. Smallest Dit (at 0.2 eV below conduction band edge) was obtained on Si-face using POCl3 anneal (1.4x1011 cm-2 eV-1), on a-face using NO anneal (2.5x1011 cm-2 eV-1) and on C-face using POCl3 anneal (4.5x1012 cm-2 eV-1).
Evaluation of 99mtechnetium-dimercapto-succinic acid renal scans in experimental acute pyelonephritis in piglets.

AbstractWe evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of 99mtechnetium-dimercapto-succinic acid renal scans in the detection and localization of experimental acute pyelonephritis in piglets. To create pyelonephritis vesicoureteral reflux of infected urine was surgically induced in 22 piglets. Nine animals were evaluated with a dimercapto-succinic acid renal scan at 1 week and 13 at 2 weeks. Autopsy and histopathological examination of the kidneys were performed subsequently.The location and extent of the inflammatory response found on histopathological examination were compared to dimercapto - succinic acid renal scan findings in a blinded fashion. Of the 22 kidneys subjected to vesicoureteral reflux 15 had positive histopathological findings of acute pyelonephritis, including 13 detected by the dimercapto - succinic acid renal scan findings. The 2 kidneys in which inflammation was not detected had only minimal grade I lesions and were grossly normal. There were no false positive scans in any of these kidn...
An Unusual Variant of Hepatic Inflammatory Angiomyolipoma: Report of a Rare Entity

Hepatic angiomyolipoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor with a broad spectrum of histological appearance. A 44-year-old female presented with abdominal discomfort. MRI revealed a 3.6 cm well-defined hepatic lesion. Ultrasound-guided core biopsy with imprint smears was performed. The smears showed histiocytes with a few epithelioid cells, mimicking an inflammatory lesion. The biopsy showed proliferation of epithelioid cells with aggregates of foamy histiocytes and scattered adipocyts, resembling hepatocellular neoplasm. The diagnosis of angiomyolipoma was clinched by the immunoprofile of the epithelioid cells, which were diffusely positive for HMB45, Mart-1 and focally positive for smooth muscle actin. To our best knowledge, this is the first reported case of biopsy diagnosed hepatic inflammatory angiomyolipoma with an unusual inflammatory infiltrate composed mainly of aggregates of foamy histiocytes.
‘Y Ganrif Fawr’? Piety, Literature and Patronage in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Wales

This essay offers a reconsideration of the idea of ‘The Great Century’ of Welsh literature (1435–1535) and related assumptions of periodization for understanding the development of lay piety and literature in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Wales. It focuses on the origins of these ideas in (and their debt to) modern Welsh nationalist and Protestant and Catholic confessional thought, and their significance for the interpretation of Welsh literature and history. In addition, it questions their accuracy and usefulness in the light of contemporary patterns of manuscript production, patronage and devotional content of Welsh books of poetry and prose produced by the laity during and after this ‘golden age’ of literature. Despite the existence of over a hundred printed works in Welsh by 1660, the vernacular manuscript tradition remained robust; indeed, ‘native culture for the most part continued to be transmitted as it had been transmitted for centuries, orally or in manuscript’ until the eighteenth century. Bardic poetry’s value as a fundamental source for the history of medieval Ireland and Wales has been rightly acknowledged. However, more generally, Welsh manuscripts of both poetry and prose must be seen as a crucial historical source. They tell us much about contemporary views, interests and priorities, and offer a significant window onto the devotional world of medieval and early modern Welsh men and women. Drawing on recent work on Welsh literature, this paper explores the production and patronage of such books and the dynamics of cultural and religious change. Utilizing National Library of Wales Llanstephan MS 117D as a case study, it also examines their significance and implications for broader trends in lay piety and the nature of religious change in Wales.
(3-Methyl­benzo­nitrile-1κN)-cis-tetra­kis(μ-N-phenyl­acetamidato)-1:2κ4N:O;1:2κ4O:N-dirhodium(II)(Rh—Rh)

The complex molecule of the title compound, [Rh2{N(C6H5)COCH3}4(NCC7H7)], has crystallographically-imposed mirror symmetry. The four acetamide ligands bridging the dirhodium core are arranged in a 2,2-cis manner with two N atoms and two O atoms coordinating to the unique RhII atom cis to one another. The Neq—Rh—Rh—Oeq torsion angles on the acetamide bridge are 0.75 (7) and 1.99 (9)°. The axial nitrile ligand completes the distorted octa­hedral coordination sphere of one RhII atom and shows a nonlinear coordination, with an Rh—N—C bond angle of 162.8 (5)°; the N—C bond length is 1.154 (7) A.
Speechless Occupational Therapy

This article describes work carried out in UNWRA centres for handicapped children in Jordan. The contributions occupational therapy can make in such a different cultural environment as well as the problems it has to face are discussed. Finally, mime is focused on as an activity that helps to overcome difficulties with language and expression.
Two-dimensional crystallization of carboxylated benzene oligomers

Various carboxylic acid substitution patterns on the 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene nucleus were explored, and their influence on the symmetry of the resulting two-dimensional (2D) crystal structures was assessed. The symmetry of 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid (H3BTB) was reduced by modifying the substitution pattern of the arene and/or adding an additional carboxylic acid. Four analogues belonging to various point groups were studied. Comparison of the monolayers of the analogues to that of H3BTB shows that plane group symmetry and molecular symmetry are not correlated: H3BTB and its analogues exhibit the same plane group p2 at the heptanoic acid/graphite interface. The 2D crystal structure of the H3BTB analogues is more strongly controlled by the geometry of hydrogen-bonding interactions rather than molecular symmetry. Other significant observations in this study include porosity, uncommon hydrogen-bonding motifs, and an unusually high number of inquivalent molecules (Z′ = 3) present in the 2D crystal of the lowe...
Suppression of buoyancy in a prototypical CVD reactor by geometry modification

Buoyancy plays a detrimental role in chemical vapor deposition reactors employed for thin film deposition. Buoyancy driven fluid flow causes complex flow patterns which alter the transport of the precursor gases to the substrate, and leads to nonuniform deposition patterns. Consequently, many CVD reactors operate under low pressure to mitigate these flow patterns. However, the growth rates at such pressures are relatively low. Operating a CVD reactor under vacuum conditions is also inconvenient because of the associated hardware that is required. In the present work, we have numerically explored the performance of a new type of stagnation flow CVD reactor at pressures close to atmospheric pressure. The new geometry resembles that of a pancake reactor, but the gases are supplied through a long vertical inlet. The annular wall above the substrate is maintained at a low temperature to avoid deposition on this surface. The substrate is also rotated to improve the hydrodynamic patterns and provide azimuthal symmetry. We report results of a number of high-resolution calculations in this reactor to demonstrate its merits for operation at sub-atmospheric and atmospheric pressures. It is shown that the growth rate is significantly large, in addition to a high degree of film uniformity.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
A Complex Systems Approach to Causal Discovery in Psychiatry.

Conventional research methodologies and data analytic approaches in psychiatric research are unable to reliably infer causal relations without experimental designs, or to make inferences about the functional properties of the complex systems in which psychiatric disorders are embedded. This article describes a series of studies to validate a novel hybrid computational approach–the Complex Systems-Causal Network (CS-CN) method–designed to integrate causal discovery within a complex systems framework for psychiatric research. The CS-CN method was first applied to an existing dataset on psychopathology in 163 children hospitalized with injuries (validation study). Next, it was applied to a much larger dataset of traumatized children (replication study). Finally, the CS-CN method was applied in a controlled experiment using a ‘gold standard’ dataset for causal discovery and compared with other methods for accurately detecting causal variables (resimulation controlled experiment). The CS-CN method successfully detected a causal network of 111 variables and 167 bivariate relations in the initial validation study. This causal network had well-defined adaptive properties and a set of variables was found that disproportionally contributed to these properties. Modeling the removal of these variables resulted in significant loss of adaptive properties. The CS-CN method was successfully applied in the replication study and performed better than traditional statistical methods, and similarly to state-of-the-art causal discovery algorithms in the causal detection experiment. The CS-CN method was validated, replicated, and yielded both novel and previously validated findings related to risk factors and potential treatments of psychiatric disorders. The novel approach yields both fine-grain (micro) and high-level (macro) insights and thus represents a promising approach for complex systems-oriented research in psychiatry.
Links among Farm Productivity, Off-Farm Work, and Farm Size in the Southeast

This paper examines the linkages among agricultural total factor productivity, farm size, and farm household participation in the off-farm labor market for the Southeastern states for the period 1960-1996. We find evidence of a simultaneous relationship between productivity and measures of farm structure. The results support the expected relationships between the endogenous variables, namely that productivity and farm size are positively related, farm size and off-farm work participation are negatively related, and off-farm work and productivity are negatively related. We find positive and significant impacts of government policies (investments in public research, extension, and highways) on productivity growth.
Achieving Net Zero Water in Severe Drought Prone Areas: A Case Study of Catchment, Storage, and Infiltration Optimization

Abstract Net zero water or water independent buildings capture rainwater to meet potable water demand. These systems require a careful calibration between catchment size, storage capacity, and infiltration area to achieve performance goals. In severe drought prone areas with wider variability of rainfall and long periods of scarcity, the precision of the calibration between these three variable is more narrowly defined to reach system resiliency. This paper analyzes a case study of a midsize office project in the severe drought prone area of Los Angeles, California that aims to achieve net zero water. The interrelation of the three variables are analyzed against daily precipitation over the last 10 years to identify dependencies and critical break points. The study finds that in severe drought prone conditions, storage size is relevant only up to a threshold closely mapped with demand. Net zero water system resiliency is accomplished through the precise interrelation of catchment area and infiltration capacity.
Challenges and complications in neighborhood mapping: from neighborhood concept to operationalization

This paper examines complications in neighborhood mapping and corresponding challenges for the GIS community, taking both a conceptual and a methodological perspective. It focuses on the social and spatial dimensions of the neighborhood concept and highlights their relationship in neighborhood mapping. Following a brief summary of neighborhood definitions, five interwoven factors are identified to be origins of neighborhood mapping difficulties: conceptual vagueness, uncertainty of various sources, GIS representation, scale, and neighborhood homogeneity or continuity. Existing neighborhood mapping methods are grouped into six categories to be assessed: perception based, physically based, inference based, preexisting, aggregated, and automated. Mapping practices in various neighborhood-related disciplines and applications are cited as examples to demonstrate how the methods work, as well as how they should be evaluated. A few mapping strategies for the improvement of neighborhood mapping are prescribed from a GIS perspective: documenting simplifications employed in the mapping procedure, addressing uncertainty sources, developing new data solutions, and integrating complementary mapping methods. Incorporation of high-resolution data and introduction of more GIS ideas and methods (such as fuzzy logic) are identified to be future opportunities.
Medical School Accommodations for Religious and Cultural Practices

Navajo students whose beliefs forbid them from touching dead bodies need not forgo pursuing careers in medicine; some medical school administrators are teaching anatomy without cadavers.
Fear across America in a Post-9/11 World

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, produced a cascade of detrimental effects that continue to have national and international ramifications. The impact of the attacks has insidiously and profoundly compromised multiple facets of life. The psychological effects of the attacks have been the focus of empirical research and scholarly consideration. The results, and their interpretation, shed light on the immediate impact of the terrorist attacks, as well as their continuing repercussions. From our perspective, the major enduring psychological changes affecting a large proportion of citizens of the United States as a result of the 9/11 attacks consist of changes in perception, both of themselves as individuals and of the country as a whole. Many Americans shifted from a perception of personal security to one of insecurity, from a perception of the country as invincible to a perception of the country as vulnerable, from a perception of war and carnage as something that happens somewhere else to a perception that war and carnage can happen here, and from a perception of a mostly predictable future to one of a future that is uncertain.1
Predicting Mortality and Independence at Discharge in the Aging Traumatic Brain Injury Population Using Data Available at Admission

Background Aging worsens outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI), but available studies may not provide accurate outcomes predictions due to confounding associated injuries. Our goal was to develop a predictive tool using variables available at admission to predict outcomes related to severity of brain injury in aging patients. Study Design Characteristics and outcomes of blunt trauma patients, aged 50 or older, with isolated TBI, in the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB), were evaluated. Equations predicting survival and independence at discharge (IDC) were developed and validated using patients from our trauma registry, comparing predicted with actual outcomes. Results Logistic regression for survival and IDC was performed in 57,588 patients using age, sex, Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS), and Revised Trauma Score (RTS). All variables were independent predictors of outcome. Two models were developed using these data. The first included age, sex, and GCS. The second substituted RTS for GCS. C statistics from the models for survival and IDC were 0.90 and 0.82 in the GCS model. In the RTS model, C statistics were 0.80 and 0.67. The use of GCS provided better discrimination and was chosen for further examination. Using a predictive equation derived from the logistic regression model, outcome probabilities were calculated for 894 similar patients from our trauma registry (January 2012 to March 2016). The survival and IDC models both showed excellent discrimination (p Conclusions These models can assist in predicting the probability of survival and IDC for aging patients with TBI. This provides important data for loved ones of these patients when addressing goals of care.
A quality improvement initiative to reduce low-value red blood cell transfusions in hospitalized oncology patients.

116Background: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are costly, a limited resource, and pose serious medical risk. While most disciplines now transfuse sparingly, hospitalized oncology patients at our institution are often transfused liberally. We conducted a QI initiative to reduce practice variation by adopting a standardized restrictive transfusion strategy. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the total number of pre-transfusion hemoglobin-adjusted RBC transfusions from 02/2015 to 08/2015. Patients with severe gastrointestinal bleeding and acute coronary syndrome were excluded. Extensive feedback from providers was solicited and a comprehensive review of the evidence was performed to understand the process driving existing practices. This information and a root cause analysis were presented to key members of Oncology leadership to gain consensus on a RBC transfusion algorithm. The final algorithm recommended transfusing to a Hg goal of 8 g/dL if the platelet count was ≤ 50K; otherwise the Hg...
Pre-Columbian Settlement Trajectories in Eastern Dominica: Report on Initial Radiocarbon Age Estimates

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon age estimates from a micro-regional survey of Eastern Dominica provide a chronological framework for Ceramic Age (ca. 400 BC to AD 1492) settlements and population movements in relation to inter-island communities of the Windward Islands. This report covers the design of the survey, the recovery context of the radiocarbon samples, and the implications for the future of research involving Dominica. Although only a small number of radiocarbon age estimates are reported, these are among the first published from systematically excavated pre-Columbian contexts in Dominica.
Síndrome de asperger e inhibición conductual: retraso en la gratificación a través de la estimulación del vínculo afectivo

In the present time, an important interest has now arisen about autism spectrum disorder (ASD), given the increased prevalence. Regarding the prevalence of ASD, it has been indicated that 1 in every 68 children has been diagnosed, as a worldwide statistics, according to DSM-V data (2013). However, in Chile the percentage of ASD is still unclear, although, the data base provided by the Ministry of Education (MINEDUC) has been important source of statistics of students with ASD, diagnosed under the modality of the Supreme Decree of law No. 170/2010. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation is to determine the hypothesis of the teacher/student affective bond in children with ASD contributes to improve executive function of inhibitory control. The actual research was conducted under a quantitative methodology, using an experimental method and a single case design. The results indicate that affective bond that is facilitated between teacher/student promotes a greater development and functioning of EF inhibitory control, in the performance of TENI test. That is an important element to consider in the therapies that are used in children with ASD, at the preschool level, specifically in kindergarten, based on the affective bonding that could be stimulated through consideration of his interests, abilities and needs that a child with this condition could manifest, i.e., to consider adapting interventions to the needs that a child with ASD can present, on based on work through affective bonding.
Time domain model for Quantum Cascade lasers generating frequency combs via stochastic frequency modulation

Frequency modulation of an electric field inside of an active medium with a very short gain recovery lifetime has become of recent interest due to the observed and calculated behavior of Quantum Cascade lasers (QCLs) exploiting optical nonlinearities to generate frequency combs in the spectral domain. Thus, in support of better understanding this behavior, we have investigated the effects of stochastic, time-dependent detuning (frequency modulation) on the polarization and population inversion of a two-level optical system using the optical Bloch equations. This model confirms that the most efficient mode of a free running QCL is stochastic frequency modulated operation with constant intensity.
On the Elastic-Plastic Response of a Large-Tow Triaxially Braided Composite

The elastic-plastic response of a large-tow 0 / triaxially braided composite is numerically simulated to determine the elastic coefficients and post-yield behavior. The ratios of extensional to flexural effective Young’s moduli vary from 0.30 to 0.52 in the longitudinal direction and from 0.90 to 0.95 in the transverse direction. Measurements on a 2-ply 0 / 30 braid support these numerical trends. The onset of macro yield in uniaxial extension coincides with the experimental values in the longitudinal direction while it is nearly twice the experimental values in the transverse direction. In simple shear, matrix plasticity around the undulations facilitates local rotation of the braiders at the onset of macro yield. Under uniaxial flexure, modest stiffening occurs prior to strain softening in both the principal directions.
Simulating the free energy of passive membrane permeation for small molecules

Computer simulations of passive membrane permeation provide important microscopic insights into the molecular mechanism of this important biological process that are complementary to experimental d...
An Imbalance of Approach and Effortful Control Predicts Externalizing Problems: Support for Extending the Dual-Systems Model into Early Childhood

Although the association between deficits in effortful control and later externalizing behavior is well established, many researchers (Nigg Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(3-4), 395–422, 2006; Steinberg Developmental Review, 28(1), 78–106, 2008) have hypothesized this association is actually the product of the imbalance of dual systems, or two underlying traits: approach and self-regulation. Very little research, however, has deployed a statistically robust strategy to examine that compelling model; further, no research has done so using behavioral measures, particularly in longitudinal studies. We examined the imbalance of approach and self-regulation (effortful control, EC) as predicting externalizing problems. Latent trait models of approach and EC were derived from behavioral measures collected from 102 children in a community sample at 25, 38, 52, and 67 months (2 to 5 ½ years), and used to predict externalizing behaviors, modeled as a latent trait derived from parent-reported measures at 80, 100, 123, and 147 months (6 ½ to 12 years). The imbalance hypothesis was supported: Children with an imbalance of approach and EC had more externalizing behavior problems in middle childhood and early preadolescence, relative to children with equal levels of the two traits.
Just one thing

Judith Harries explores picture books written by children's laureate Lauren Child, creator of popular characters Charlie and his little sister Lola. Use these to bring work with numbers and counting to life.
Gender Effects Across Place: A Multilevel Investigation of Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Region in Sentencing:

Previous empirical research has indicated that women receive less punitive sentencing outcomes, compared to their male counterparts, while controlling for legally relevant case characteristics. Thi...
Diets of Two Lemur Species in Different Microhabitats in Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar

Studies of primate diets usually focus on differences that distinguish species or populations. However, variation in diet can occur at a more local level of groups within a population, especially in a non-homogeneous habitat. I compared dietary variation in food composition and toughness across groups of 2 lemur species in Beza Mahafaly special reserve, Madagascar. Beza Mahafaly contains an 80-ha reserve (Parcel 1) that, while small, hosts a dense population of Lemur catta (ring-tailed lemurs) and Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi (sifakas). Microhabitats in the eastern vs. western sides of the parcel are structurally and floristically distinct. Sifakas in this parcel have small, discrete home ranges and are morphological folivores. For these reasons, I expected that the 6 groups studied would eat a different menu of food plants but with similar toughness values. Ring-tailed lemurs have comparatively large, overlapping home ranges, and I expected that the 5 study groups would eat similar foods. Despite living in different microhabitats across the parcel, sifakas exhibit high dietary uniformity both in dietary plant species composition and the toughness of the foods. Food selection in sifakas operates on two distinct levels. Sifaka groups share many key food species that appear independent of local abundances, but the ranking of the foods within each group appears related to availability. Ring-tailed lemur groups are more heterogeneous in the composition of their diets relative to sifakas, though the time spent feeding on individual foods reveals a marked preference for the fruits of Tamarindus indica by all groups. Food toughness is consistent across the parcel with the exception of the most western group. Ring-tailed lemurs are highly specific feeders, but indiscriminate nibblers. Sifakas are targeted, balanced feeders. There does not appear to be a consistent microhabitat effect operating across species. Differences within sifaka and ring-tailed lemur populations in food composition and toughness, however, correspond to an east-west microhabitat gradient. Measures of dietary flexibility must take into account not only the plant species consumed and the different parts eaten but also their associated food properties and proportion of time spent feeding on them.
Presynaptic dopamine receptors. Development of supersensitivity following treatment with fluphenazine decanoate.

An in vivo model for investigating the interaction of drugs with presynaptic receptors was used to study the effect of chronic treatment of rats with fluphenazine decanoate on the presynaptic dopamine receptors in the neostriatum and olfactory tubercle. In this model system dopaminergic impulse flow is inhibited pharmacologically with γ-butyrolactone (GBL). This results in an increase of apparent tyrosine hydroxylase activity, estimated by the accumulation of a dopa during the 30-min interval following administration of a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor. Dopamine agonists produce a dose-dependent blockade of the effect of GBL on dopa accumulation.
IMPROVING THE SENSITIVITY OF THE T2 STATISTIC IN MULTIVARIATE PROCESS CONTROL

The T2 statistic in multivariate process control is a function of the residuals taken from a set of linear regressions of the process variables. These residuals are contained in the conditional T2 terms of the orthogonal decomposition of the statistic...
Trajectories as Two-Dimensional Probability Fields

The diagnoses of air pollution episodes involving regional-scale transport has been aided by the use of trajectory analysis. This analysis involves the use of interpolation from observed or computed winds to estimate either the path of air parcels leaving a source region or the path traversed by air sampled at a receptor location. This analysis has provided valuable qualitative insight into the nature of regional-scale transport.
Experimental Methods and Investigations

Real-time high-throughput identification, screening, characterisation, and processing of reflective and transparent phase objects like micro and nanostructures as well as biological specimen is of significant interest to a variety of applications from cell biology, medicine and even to lithography. In this chapter, new as well as conventional possibilities that arise from digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and holographic optical tweezers (HOTs) are demonstrated and discussed on experimental setups and corresponding findings. This comprises subsequent digital holographic focusing, DHM with partially coherent light sources such as superluminescence diodes (SLDs) and LEDs, the tayloring of the coherence length of these broadband light sources as well as the simulation and the design of HOT setups. Furthermore, the characterisation of spatial light modulators and of an overall system is treated including the determination of the optical force and trapping stability.
Mirror twin grain boundaries in molybdenum dichalcogenides

Mirror twin grain boundaries (MTBs) exist at the interface between two grains of 60° rotated hexagonal transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC). These grain boundaries form a regular atomic structure that extends in one dimension and thus may be described as a one-dimensional (1D) lattice embedded in the 2D TMDC. In this review, the different atomic structures and compositions of these MTBs are discussed. The obvious formation of MTBs is by coalescence of two twinned grains. In addition, however, in MoSe2 and MoTe2 a different formation mechanism has been revealed for the formation of Mo-rich MTBs. It has been shown that excess Mo can be incorporated into the TMDC lattices. These excess Mo atoms can then reorganize into closed, triangular MTB-loops that can grow in size by adding more Mo atoms to them. This mechanism allows the formation of dense MTB networks in MoSe2 and MoTe2. Such MTB networks have been observed in samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and consequently their presence needs to be considered in understanding the properties of MBE grown MoSe2 and MoTe2. Density functional theory as well as photoemission spectroscopy of MTB networks have shown that MTBs exhibit dispersing 1D-bands that intersect the Fermi-level, thus suggesting that these are 1D electron systems. Consequently, experimental data have been interpreted to reveal a charge density wave (or Peierls) instability, as well as a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior for electrons confined in 1D. We discuss these observations and the controversies that remain in the interpretation of some data. The metallic properties of the MTBs and their formation in dense networks also sparked the potential use of such crystal modifications for making metallic contacts to MoTe2 or MoSe2. Moreover, these crystal modifications may also boost the catalytic properties of these materials.
Effect of the distribution of lymph node metastases on outcomes for trimodality-eligible patients with esophageal and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EAC).

4084 Background: In patients with trimodality-eligible EAC, the presence of malignant nodes at baseline portends a poor prognosis. It is difficult to quantify the number of positive lymph nodes usi...
Health Care Providers’ Experiences with Implementing Medical Aid-in-Dying in Vermont: a Qualitative Study

The evolving legal landscape for medical aid-in-dying (AID) in the USA raises clinical and public health challenges and concerns regarding how health care providers will accommodate AID while expanding access to high-quality end-of-life care. To describe Vermont health care providers’ experiences practicing under the “Patient Choice and Control at End of Life” Act. Qualitative semi-structured interviews analyzed using grounded theory. The larger study included 144 health care providers, terminally ill patients, caregivers, policy stakeholders, and other Vermont residents working in 10 out of Vermont’s 14 counties. This article reports on a subset of 37 providers who had clinical experience with the law. Themes from interviews. Physicians were roughly split between hospital and community-based practices. Most were women (68%) and the largest subgroup specialized in internal or family medicine (53%). Most of the nurses and social workers were women (89%) and most worked for hospice and home health agencies (61%). We identified five domains in which participants engaged with AID: (1) clinical communication and counseling; (2) the Act 39 protocol; (3) prescribing medication; (4) planning for death; and (5) professional education. How providers experienced these five domains of clinical practice depended on their practice setting and the supportive resources available. Health care providers’ participation in AID involves clinical tasks outside of responding to patients’ requests and writing prescriptions. Research to identify best practices should focus on all domains of clinical practice in order to best prepare providers.
ICA-1: A novel antiproliferative and anticancer drug for neuroblastoma

2387 Neuroblastomas are highly lethal tumors and 85% of cerebral neuroblastoma occurs in children and 15% in adults. Neuroblastoma is the fourth most common type of cancer in children. According to the American Cancer Society, there are approximately 650 new cases of neuroblastoma each year in the United States. Despite significant educational efforts, improved diagnostic techniques, and rigorous therapies, neuroblastoma control remains static. To address this health issue, the objectives of this research was to investigate the use protein kinase C-iota (PKC-ι) inhibitors on the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. Previous work has shown that inhibition of PKC-ι is a promising means by which to prevent and treat certain cancers. Here, we report the identification of a PKC-ι inhibitor (1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide, 5-amino-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-4-[(phosphonooxy) methyl]cyclopentyl]-,[1R-(1α, 2β, 3β, 4α)] (ICA-1) that targets a unique sequence (amino acid residues 469-475) in the catalytic domain of PKC-ι, inhibits PKC-ι activity and is effective in blocking the proliferation of BE(2)C neuroblastoma cells. Our data support significant proof of concept that ICA-1 inhibits the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells and may be a novel chemotherapeutic for the treatment of patients with neuroblastoma.
COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF THE MARK-IV ELECTROREFINER: TWO-DIMENSIONAL POTENTIAL AND CURRENT DISTRIBUTIONS

A computational model of the Mark-IV electrorefiner is currently being developed as a joint project between Idaho National Laboratory, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Seoul National Univers...
Q-learning based routing for transiently powered wireless sensor network: work-in-progress

Reliable communication is a critical concern in power-limited energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs). The communication optimization is needed since the protocols in battery-powered WSNs cannot adapt to the intermittent harvestable energy sources. In this paper, a novel reinforcement learning (RL) based routing algorithm that fully exploits the capability of wake-up radio (WuR) is presented. This routing strategy aims at increasing the packet delivery rate by leveraging wake-up radio devices to enable receiver nodes to make the decentralized forwarding decision. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed learning approach, which requires only limited knowledge of the energy harvesting process, has only a small degradation compared to the optimal routing decision with full knowledge of energy harvesting process.
Recent SEE Results for Snapdragon Processors

SEE test results are presented for the Snapdragon 801, 835 and 845 processors. The focus is on the performance of the processors under a normal work environment. Testing was performed to get an understanding of the crash and bit error performance. In the case of the 801, SEL data were also collected.
ANTERIOR SPINAL CORD INFARCTION WITH PATENT FORAMEN OVALE: A CASE REPORT

Spinal cord infarction (SCI) from paradoxical emboli is rare, with only four cases are reported. We report a case of SCI from paradoxical emboli through patent foramen ovale (PFO) with concomitant pulmonary embolism (PE). A 56-years-old female with history of TIA presented with back pain and chest
Abstract A10: Taz regulates aging of hematopoietic stem cells

During aging, several tissues display a progressive functional decline potentially leading to malfunction of whole organ systems. This phenomenon can also be observed in the hematopoietic system since aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) display several cell-intrinsic defects, e.g., a strongly reduced self-renewal capacity as well as a skewing towards myeloid differentiation. To investigate a potential involvement of the Hippo pathway in the aging of HSCs, we performed RNA-sequencing in several stem and progenitor populations of young and aged mice, respectively. Here, we identified Taz as one of the most strongly upregulated genes, specifically in long-term hemtatopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs), those cells that are at the apex of the hematopoietic system. Further analyses revealed that Taz actively contributes to the aging-specific gene expression changes in LT-HSCs and that Tazhigh cells accumulate over time in the LT-HSC compartment. Furthermore, we identified a novel surface marker as a Taz target gene, which allows us to trace Taz activity in the aging mouse and separate Tazhigh from Tazlow cells. Strikingly, our functional characterization revealed that Tazlow cells closely resemble young LT-HSCs whereas Tazhigh cells display a gene expression program that is found in aged LT-HSCs. Consistent with these observations, Tazhigh cells are functionally impaired, e.g., during cell cycle re-entry. Our observations demonstrate that Taz is potently induced during aging of the blood system and most prominently in the LT-HSC compartment where it contributes to age-dependent gene expression changes and functional decline of hematopoietic stem cells. Citation Format: Anna Mura-Meszaros, Florian Heidel, Bjoern von Eyss. Taz regulates aging of hematopoietic stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr A10.
Dual RNA-Sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis -Infected Cells from a Murine Infection Model.

Summary Dual RNA-sequencing is a powerful technique to assess both bacterial and host transcriptomes in an unbiased way. We developed a protocol to perform Dual RNA-seq on in vivo-derived macrophage populations infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we provide a practical step-by-step guide to execute the protocol on Mtb-infected cells from a murine infection model. Our protocol can also be easily applied to perform Dual RNA-seq on in vitro-derived cells as well as different Mtb-infected host cell types. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Pisu et al. (2020 )
South Asia/Frontier Growth Dynamics and Income-Health Relationships

South Asian (SA) countries’ growth-dynamics since 1951 is examined and compared using the annual catch-up index. Their growth is more volatile than 89 countries’ sample studied earlier. It does not experience a stable phase, is sharply divergent, and the country that grows fastest for two decades grows slowest in the following decade, and vice versa. Other than Bhutan, they experienced relative and absolute divergence from the US from the start for 29 (Nepal) to 51 (Pakistan) years. Their still-birth rates (SBR) vary as much as nine times from each other; its rate of decrease is smaller than neonatal mortality’s (NMR), both rates’ dispersion increases, and adding SBR doubles NMR’s “explanation” of life expectancy (LE). NMR and SBR decreased at a lower rate in the SA country with an initial higher rate; and better performance in income is associated with a worse performance in SBR, NMR, and LE in recent decades.