cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender specific patterns of carbon uptake and water use in a dominant riparian tree species exposed to a warming climate

Air temperatures in the arid western United States are predicted to increase over the next century. These increases will likely impact the distribution of plant species, particularly dioecious species that show a spatial segregation of the sexes across broad resource gradients. On the basis of spatial segregation patterns, we hypothesized that temperature increases will have a greater negative impact on female plants compared with co-occurring male plants of dioecious species. This hypothesis was tested by examining the whole-plant carbon and water relations of 10-year-old female (n = 18) and male (n = 13) Acer negundo Sarg. trees grown in a common garden in Salt Lake City, UT. The trees were established from cuttings collected where the growing season temperature averaged about 6.5 °C cooler than at the common garden. During May and June, stem sap flux (Js) was similar between genders, but averaged 25% higher in males during the warmer months of July and August. Daytime canopy stomatal conductance (gs) per unit leaf area was 12% higher in females in May : June, but was 11% higher in males in July : August. We combined measurements of sap flux–scaled transpiration with measurements of tree allometry and d 13 C of leaf soluble sugars to estimate whole-tree carbon assimilation (Atree) and water use efficiency (WUE) (Atree : Etree). Atree was similar between genders until late August when Atree was 32% higher in male trees. Atree : Etree was on average 7% higher in females than in males during the growing season. Patterns of Js, gs, Atree and Atree : Etree in the present study were in contrast to those previously reported for A. negundo genders under native growing season temperatures. Results suggest that the spatial segregation of the sexes could shift under global warming such that female plants lose their dominance in highresource habitats, and males increase their dominance in relatively lower-resource habitats.
Introduction to the JASIST special topic section on web retrieval and mining: a machine learning perspective

Research in information retrieval (IR) has advanced significantly in the past few decades. Many tasks, such as indexing and text categorization, can be performed automatically with minimal human effort. Machine learning has played an important role in such automation by learning various patterns such as document topics, text structures, and user interests from examples. In recent years, it has become increasingly difficult to search for useful information on the World Wide Web because of its large size and unstructured nature. Useful information and resources are often hidden in the Web. While machine learning has been successfully applied to traditional IR systems, it poses some new challenges to apply these algorithms to the Web due to its large size, link structure, diversity in content and languages, and dynamic nature. On the other hand, such characteristics of the Web also provide interesting patterns and knowledge that do not present in traditional information retrieval systems.
Surface Photovoltage Study of Indium Phosphide Nanowire Networks

Surface photovoltage of three-dimensional networks composed of fused indium phosphide (InP) nanowires is discussed. Particular emphasis is given to the dependence of surface photovoltage on the chopping frequency of light that excites the nanowire network as observed in regions which are laterally separated from the excitation. The nanowire network is modeled as a thin film to simplify numerical solutions to transport equations which aids in the interpretation of diffusion and drift of photo-generated carriers within the nanowire network.
Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency Improves Maximal Oxygen Consumption Independently of Dosing Regimen or Physical Activity

Context: Several studies have demonstrated an improvement in aerobic exercise capacity with 6 months of GH replacement in adults with GH deficiency (GHD). Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether improvements in aerobic exercise capacity with GH treatment in adults with GHD are related to changes in physical activity or affected by the GH dosing regimen. Design: This was a randomized, two-arm, parallel, open-label study. Setting: The study was conducted at five academic medical centers with exercise physiology laboratories. Subjects: Study subjects were adults (n = 29) with GHD due to hypothalamic-pituitary disease. Interventions: The intervention was GH replacement therapy, administered either as a fixed body weight-based dosing regimen as an individualized dose titration regimen for 32 wk. Main Outcome Measures: Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and oxygen consumption (VO2) at the lactate threshold, ventilatory threshold using a cycle ergometry protocol, and weekly energy expend...
Modelling the effects of eddy current losses on frequency dependent hysteresis in electrically conducting media

In recent studies it has been shown how the effects of classical eddy current losses can be used to extend the quasi-static hysteresis model to account for the frequency dependence of hysteresis in electrically conducting media. This paper deals with the extension of the hysteresis model to include anomalous or excess losses. The instantaneous power loss due to eddy currents then consists of two terms, one of which depends on (dB/dt)/sup 2/ and the other one on (dB/dt)/sup 1.5/. The first term is the classical power loss and the second term, due to Bertotti, is the excess power loss. It is shown how these terms are incorporated into a time dependent hysteresis model. The main achievement is that a self-consistent model of hysteresis has been developed in which the quasi-static hysteresis curves are shown to be a limiting case of the more general frequency dependent model. >
CO rebinding to protoheme: investigations of the proximal and distal contributions to the geminate rebinding barrier.

The rebinding kinetics of CO to protoheme (FePPIX) in the presence and absence of a proximal imidazole ligand reveals the magnitude of the rebinding barrier associated with proximal histidine ligation. The ligation states of the heme under different solvent conditions are also investigated using both equilibrium and transient spectroscopy. In the absence of imidazole, a weak ligand (probably water) is bound on the proximal side of the FePPIX-CO adduct. When the heme is encapsulated in micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), photolysis of FePPIX-CO induces a complicated set of proximal ligation changes. In contrast, the use of glycerol-water solutions leads to a simple two-state geminate kinetic response with rapid (10–100 ps) CO recombination and a geminate amplitude that can be controlled by adjusting the solvent viscosity. By comparing the rate of CO rebinding to protoheme in glycerol solution with and without a bound proximal imidazole ligand, we find the enthalpic contribution to the proximal rebinding barrier, Hp, to be 11 ± 2 kJ/mol. Further comparison of the CO rebinding rate of the imidazole bound protoheme with the analogous rate in myoglobin (Mb) leads to a determination of the difference in their distal free energy barriers: ΔGD ≈ 12 ± 1 kJ/mol. Estimates of the entropic contributions, due to the ligand accessible volumes in the distal pocket and the xenon-4 cavity of myoglobin (~3 kJ/mol), then lead to a distal pocket enthalpic barrier of HD ≈ 9 ± 2 kJ/mol. These results agree well with the predictions of a simple model and with previous independent room-temperature measurements (Tian et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1992, 68, 408) of the enthalpic MbCO rebinding barrier (18 ± 2 kJ/mol).
Respiration-induced B0 fluctuations and their spatial distribution in the human brain at 7 Tesla.

In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), it is known that physiological influences such as cardiac pulsation, respiration, and brain motion can induce fluctuations in signal intensity and phase. Some of the mechanisms potentially involved in those phenomena are expected to be amplified at higher magnetic fields. This study addresses the issue of B(0) fluctuations induced by susceptibility changes during respiration attributed to movements of chest and diaphragm, and variations in the oxygen concentration. It is demonstrated that respiration-induced resonance offsets (RIROs) are significant at 7T. Data were acquired with an RF pulse (no gradients), multislice echo-planar imaging (EPI), and dynamic 3D fast low-angle shot (3D- FLASH) imaging. Three main observations summarize the experimental findings. First, in FIDs measured after a single RF pulse, a RIRO with a large amplitude was consistently detected, although the average amplitude varied between subjects from 1.45 Hz to 4 Hz. Second, in transverse EPI images obtained in the occipital lobe, the RIRO amplitude showed a monotonic increase along the z axis toward the lungs. Third, a more detailed spatial analysis with 3D-FLASH phase maps revealed that a previously published analytical model can accurately describe the spatial distribution of RIRO. Consequential apparent motions in the EPI series, as well as the implications of slice orientation for correction strategies are discussed.
Stent-Graft Placement for Management of Iatrogenic Hepatic Artery Branch Pseudoaneurysm After Liver Transplantation

Pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic arteries is uncommon following liver transplantation and is usually iatrogenic. We describe a case of balloon angioplasty of a left hepatic artery stenosis complicated by an iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm. Resolution of the stenosis and the pseudoaneurysm was achieved through a combination of a bare stent and a balloon-expandable covered stent. The completion angiogram demonstrated excellent appearance of the patent hepatic arteries with exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm. No surgery was required. The graft and the patient did well for the following 6 months. Doppler ultrasound examination at 2 and 6 months postintervention revealed patent hepatic arteries and no evidence of the pseudoaneurysm.
Does Mode of Survey Administration Matter? Using Measurement Invariance to Validate the Mail and Telephone Versions of the Bereaved Family Survey

Abstract Context The Veterans Health Administration evaluates outcomes of end-of-life (EOL) care using the Bereaved Family Survey (BFS). Originally, the BFS was administered as a telephone survey but was transitioned to a mail survey beginning October 2012. The transition necessitated an evaluation of the tool's validity using this new mode of administration. Objectives The objective of this study was to validate the mail version and to test for measurement invariance (MI) across the two administration modes. Methods Telephone and mail versions of the BFS were validated separately between October 2009 and September 2013. MI was evaluated using a series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). Construct validity was evaluated by calculating Cronbach alpha coefficients and examining differences between BFS factor scores for groups with and without quality care indicators (e.g., receipt of a palliative care consult). Results Our sample consisted of 35,682 decedent BFS scores (27,109 telephone surveys; 8573 mail surveys). BFS item scores were slightly skewed, with a predominance of higher scores for both the telephone and mail version. The average missing rate for each BFS item was minimal, just 2% for each version. The CFA models demonstrated dimensional, configural, metric, and factor mean invariance across administration modes. BFS factor scores were consistently higher when a patient received EOL quality care indicators regardless of mode of administration. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the MI and robust psychometric properties for the BFS across administration modes.
Shearing Rate Effects on Dense Sand and Compacted Clay

This paper reports the findings of a series of triaxial compression tests performed on saturated specimens of compacted clay and dense sand at axial strain rates ranging from 0.01 %/min to 800 %/min. The purpose of these tests is to provide a baseline for the shear strength of near surface soils during buried explosions, and to evaluate the transition from conventional quasi-static experimental soil mechanics to faster rate testing. The behavior of the saturated clay and sand specimens under undrained loading is examined in detail using pore water pressure measurements at the boundary, which permits evaluation of the impact of the rate of loading on the effective stress paths during shearing.
Driving force and electronic coupling effects on photoinduced electron transfer in a fullerene-based molecular triad

Abstract Tuning thermodynamic driving force and electronic coupling through structural modifications of a carotene (C) porphyrin (P) fullerene (C60) molecular triad has permitted control of five electron and energy transfer rate constants and two excited state lifetimes in order to prepare a high-energy charge-separated state by photoinduced electron transfer with a quantum yield of essentially unity (≥96%). Excitation of the porphyrin moiety of C–P–C60 is followed by a combination of photoinduced electron transfer to give C–P·+–C60·− and singlet–singlet energy transfer to yield C–P–1C60. The fullerene excited state accepts an electron from the porphyrin to also generate C–P·+–C60·−. Overall, this initial state is formed with a quantum yield of 0.97. Charge shift from the carotenoid to yield C·+–P–C60·− is at least 60 times faster than recombination of C–P·+–C60·−, leading to the overall quantum yield near unity for the final state. Formation of a similar charge-separated species from the zinc analog of t...
Effect of SPECT resolution on quantification of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction

2534 Objectives Quantification of left ventricular (LV) volume & ejection fraction (EF) from SPECT is dependent on the partial volume effect (PVE). Estimation accuracy of LV volume & EF based on PVE may be affected by SPECT resolution. This study compares the accuracy of LV volume & EF quantification from standard low resolution (LR) SPECT/CT & higher resolution (HR) SPECT/CT systems. Methods Six custom-made cardiac phantoms with different inner & outer cylinders were used to simulate a range of LV volumes (128, 103, 81, 62, 46, 33 mL). The LV cavity (inner cylinder) was filled with water and the space between inner & outer cylinders simulating LV myocardium was filled with Tc-99m (2.5 µCi/mL). The cardiac phantom was inserted into a cylindrical container (H=15.5 cm; R=7 cm) filled with water. Images were acquired for 20 min using LR SPECT (FWHM 12 mm, GE Infinia) & for 6 min using HR SPECT (FWHM 5 mm, GE D570c), and reconstructed via the MLEM algorithm with attenuation correction (AC) & without AC (NC). No scatter correction and post-filtering were applied. The “gated” SPECT LV volumes & EFs were quantified using Yale quantification software and compared to true phantom values. Linear regression & paired-t analyses were used to evaluate accuracy. Results Correlations between true & SPECT quantified volumes were good regardless if NC or AC was used, although HR SPECT tended to underestimate volume in the higher range. Correlations between true & SPECT quantified EFs for both LR & HR SPECT were also excellent. However, EFs quantified from HR SPECT were lower, and estimation errors were significantly greater than those from LR SPECT. Conclusions Quantification of EF from HR SPECT based on PVE may result in a significant underestimation of EF as compared to LR SPECT. As a provision, any LVEF analysis software mainly dependent on PVE may need to be accustomed accordingly for the new HR SPECT
Effects of Thermal Stress and Chemical Protective Clothing on Speech Intelligibility

In order to protect himself in a chemically contaminated environment, the combat soldier must wear a special jacket, trousers, overboots, rubber gloves, and a gas mask with hood. This clothing system was investigated for its impact upon the soldier's ability to understand human speech in a neutral environment and in a hot-humid environment. The results of this study indicated that, compared to control conditions, the chemical protective clothing has a detrimental effect on the ability to hear human speech and that this decrement is most severe when the chemical protective clothing is worn under hot conditions for extended periods of time.
An improved method of preparing haptoglobin polypeptide chains using guanidine hydrochloride.

SummaryAn improved method is described to prepare haptoglobin polypeptide chains in high yield and purity. Reduction and alkylation in the presence or absence of guanidine were followed in both cases by fractionation on Sephadex G-200 in guanidine solutions at neutral pH. Extensive reduction in the presence of guanidine resulted in denatured chains suitable for structural study whereas milder reduction in the absence of guanidine yielded β chains capable of binding hemoglobin. Some physical, chemical, binding, and immunological studies on the isolated chains are described. The β chains of the common types of haptoglobin showed similarity in all these properties.
Expansion and Hepatic Differentiation of Adult Blood-Derived CD34+ Progenitor Cells and Promotion of Liver Regeneration After Acute Injury

UNLABELLED The low availability of functional hepatocytes has been an unmet demand for basic scientific research, new drug development, and cell-based clinical applications for decades. Because of the inability to expand hepatocytes in vitro, alternative sources of hepatocytes are a focus of liver regenerative medicine. We report a new group of blood-derived CD34(+) progenitor cells (BDPCs) that have the ability to expand and differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells and promote liver regeneration. BDPCs were obtained from the peripheral blood of an adult mouse with expression of surface markers CD34, CD45, Sca-1, c-kit, and Thy1.1. BDPCs can proliferate in vitro and differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells expressing hepatocyte markers, including CK8, CK18, CK19, α-fetoprotein, integrin-β1, and A6. The differentiated BDPCs (dBDPCs) also display liver-specific functional activities, such as glycogen storage, urea production, and albumin secretion. dBDPCs have cytochrome P450 activity and express specific hepatic transcription factors, such as hepatic nuclear factor 1α. To demonstrate liver regenerative activity, dBDPCs were injected into mice with severe acute liver damage caused by a high-dose injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). dBDPC treatment rescued the mice from severe acute liver injury, increased survival, and induced liver regeneration. Because of their ease of access and application through peripheral blood and their capability of rapid expansion and hepatic differentiation, BDPCs have great potential as a cell-based therapy for liver disease. SIGNIFICANCE Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell expansion and tissue-specific differentiation in vitro are challenges in regenerative medicine, although stem cell therapy has raised hope for the treatment of liver diseases by overcoming the scarcity of hepatocytes. This study identified and characterized a group of blood-derived progenitor cells (BDPCs) from the peripheral blood of an adult mouse. The CD34(+) progenitor-dominant BDPCs were rapidly expanded and hepatically differentiated into functional hepatocyte-like cells with our established coculture system. BDPC treatment increased animal survival and produced full regeneration in a severe liver injury mouse model caused by CCl4. BDPCs could have potential for liver cell therapies.
Abstract 3: Declining Early And Late Mortality After Mitral Valve Surgery Among Medicare Patients

Background: Mitral valve surgery in older adults has substantial morbidity and mortality. While changes in operative techniques and post-operative care over time may lead to improved outcomes, there are currently a paucity of national surveillance data. The aims of our study were therefore to define trends in incidence, surgical technique, and mortality among patients undergoing mitral valve surgery. Methods: Inpatient Medicare standard analytic files were used to identify 100% of fee-for-service patients ≥65 years of age who underwent mitral valve surgery between 1999 and 2008. We constructed a denominator file from Medicare administrative data to report operative rates per 100,000 beneficiaries. Mortality (30-day and 1-year) was ascertained through corresponding vital status files. Surgery was classified as repair or replacement. Risk-standardized mortality rates were calculated using a multivariable model from Medicare claims data adjusting for medical comorbidities. Results: A total of 156,917 patients underwent mitral valve surgery during the study period. While the overall rate of mitral valve surgery per beneficiary remained relatively stable over time (1999: 136/100,000, 2008: 134/100,000), the proportion of patients ≥85 years of age increased (1999: 8.8%; 2008: 12.3%). The rate of mitral valve repair (vs. replacement) nearly doubled (1999: 24.7%; 2008: 46.8%). From 1999-2008, risk adjusted 30-day mortality decreased from 10.6% to 5.1% (OR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.60-0.71), a relative decline of 51.9%. Risk-adjusted one-year mortality decreased from 20.3% to 13.3% (OR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.69-0.78), a relative decline of 34.5%. Similar trends were seen across all age strata (Figure). Conclusions: From 1999-2008, despite an increase in the proportion of Medicare mitral valve surgery patients ≥85 years of age, postoperative risk-adjusted 30-day and one-year mortality decreased markedly across all age strata. Whether increasing rates of mitral valve repair or other management strategies are contributing factors deserves further investigation. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Determination of iodine in urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with Dilute Ammonia Solution

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of iodine in urine by ICP-MS.Methods: Urine were diluted to 1∶ 10 with 1% Ammonia Solution.Indium was used as on-line internal standard to correct matrix effects and the drift of analytical signals,and the contents were calculated by calibration curves.Results: The detection limits were 0.78 ng/ml,Recoveries were 86%~104%,RSD were 0.86%~3.61%.The results of analyzing samples were the same as using national standard method.The determination mean values for the certified GBW09110k and GBW09109e reference materials were within a permissible error range of the certified values.Conclusion: The method was simple,rapid,sensitive,accurate.Therefore,it can be used for the determination of iodine in urine.
The New Arithmetic Research of EZW

EZW takes equal important code for all frequencies, so it can't make use of the characteristics of the wavelet's coefficient completely. The coding time is too long and the coding efficiency is low during the process of gradually approximating and quantizing, so we put forward the separate-frequency EZW. This arithmetic codes the high and low frequencies of wavelet image respectively. And the results of experiment show that the arithmetic has raised the compress ratio further on the premise of instauration picture having a good visual-effectiveness.
Study on detection of complex toxicity of drinking water by luminescent bacteria

[Objective]By using the luminescent bacteria method,a simulation experiment was carried out with 81.9% low toxicity model,to analyze the complex toxicity of drinking water.[Methods]By simulation experiments,the biological toxicological baseline of drinking water was established,and factors that influenced the luminescent bacteria test were studied,to explain the application value of this method in emergency toxicity detection of drinking water.[Results]The biological toxicological baseline of water quality in a region was-11.0% ～ 18.4%,which can be used to detect the comprehensive toxicity of drinking water.The factors,including pH value,chrominance,turbidity and residual chlorine,would inhibit the luminosity of luminescent bacteria,so the water samples would be pretreated before test.[Conclusion]Based on the biological toxicological baseline,the luminescent bacteria method can rapidly determine the toxicity of the drinking water,which can be used as the emergent method for monitoring the sudden water pollution accident and water quality mutation.
Death mode of malignant tumor in Wucheng district of Jinhua city in 2004-2005 and PYLL analysis

Objective To analyze death mode of malignant tumor,PYLL and longevity reduction rate in Wucheng district of Jinhua city in 2004-2005.MethodA retrospective investigation was adopted based on "The Scheme for the Third National Sample of Cause of Death".Resultsthe first five causes of death are lung cancer,hepatocarcinoma,gastric carcinoma,cancer of the esophagus and cancer of colon successively.Life expectancies for males and females are 73.18 years old and 78.53 years old,respectively,while those for males and females are 77.05 years old and 81.22 years old excluding death cause of malignant tumors.PYLL,standard PYLL and Standard PYLL rate amount to 50 464.66 years,50 802.32 years,and 59.44‰,respectively.The first five causes for PYLL are hepatocarcinoma,lung cancer,gastric carcinoma,cancer of the esophagus and breast cancer.On comparison of cause sequence of PYLL with that of death,hepatocarcinoma shifts from the second cause of death to the first cause of PYLL,while lung cancer shifts from the first to the second. Conclusion To the exclusion of death cause of malignant tumor,average life expectancy of males and females in Wucheng district can be increased by 3.87 years and 2.69 years,respectively.Malignant tumor is one of the major causes of PYLL in Wucheng district and the main disease causing relatively early death of residents in Wucheng district.
Population Variation of the Vole Flea on Microtus Fuscus Foci in Sichuan Province Before and After the Earthquake

Objective To provide strategies for plague prevention and control,based on the analysis of population variation of the vole flea on Microtus fuscus foci in Sichuan Province.Methods Monitoring data of plague through 2005 to 2011 was collected and analyzed.Results Average density of Microtus fuscus was 191.43 /ha;Callopsylla sparsilis were main fleas,accounting for 67.34% and 61.56% before and after earthquake correspondingly;followed by Amphipsylla tuta tuta,accounting for 30.82% and 38.12% respectively.Microtus fuscus vole flea infected rate was relatively high before the earthquake in September(54.2%) and in June of the following year(55.24%);flea index was relatively high before the earthquake in September(1.00) and higher after the earthquake in May of the following year(1.29);both flea-infected rate and Flea index were fluctuated seasonally.Eight vector flea species(total of 12 922) were tested and 3 stocks of Yersinia pestis were separated.Callopsylla sparsiclis were infected by the plague vector fleas.Conclusion Microtus fuscus foci population of the fleas changed to some extent before and after the earthquake;the vector fleas were infected by Yersinia pestis before and after the earthquake,indicating that animal plague for Microtus fuscus persisted continuously.The results suggest the surveillance work should be intensified to prevent occurrence of human plague.
Flow Cytometry for Followup Examinations of Conservatively Treated Low Stage Bladder Tumors

AbstractA series of 26 conservatively treated patients with low stage bladder tumors was examined later by outpatient cystoscopy, conventional cytology and flow cytometry. Based on those findings the patients were separated into 5 groups. In the 4 patients in group 1 all findings persistently were negative. The 4 patients in group 2 had initially normal cystoscopy with progressively more abnormal flow cytometry and intermittently positive cytology; they subsequently suffered tumors. The 10 patients in group 3 had positive cystoscopy and flow cytometry, and intermittently positive cytology. The 6 patients in group 4 had negative cystoscopy with intermittently positive cytology and persistently positive flow cytometry. In ail 6 cases flow cytometry was more sensitive than conventional cytology in detecting early and, sometimes, cystoscopically occult neoplasms. In the 2 patients in group 5 cystoscopically visible papillomas and low grade papillary carcinomas were found with negative flow cytometry and negat...
The Derivation of Gnotobiotic Calves by a Hysterotomy and Slaughter Technique

SUMMARY The object of this work was to devise an economically acceptable system of producing large numbers of gnotobiotic calves. During the past two years, 37 hysterotomies have been performed, yielding 35 viable calves which required little or no resuscitation. The operation itself took a maximum of 10 minutes, required two simple PVC isolators, which could be easily assembled and sterilized, and yielded a carcass suitable for salvage. All the carcasses were passed as fit for human consumption.
Ozone and Ultraviolet Light are Additive Co-Carcinogens In Vitro

The identification of environmental agents which interact in an additive or synergistic fashion to induce neoplastic transformation is of relevance to human health.
Using Mouse Models and Making Sense of Them

The purpose of this chapter is to provide some insights into the use and misuse of mouse models of cancer. The goal is that this chapter will help investigators better plan their mouse experiments. It also will be helpful in making sense of data that is conflicting or incongruous across independent experiments or research groups. This chapter is structured into three sections to give coherence among the individual topics that are discussed. The sections also represent the three general phases of a study involving rodent models and the challenges that are commonly encountered in each. The guidelines are certainly not exhaustive, since there are many factors that were not discussed due to space limitations.
Mechanistic Parameterization of the Kinomic Signal in Peptide Arrays.

Kinases play a role in every cellular process involved in tumorigenesis ranging from proliferation, migration, and protein synthesis to DNA repair. While genetic sequencing has identified most kinases in the human genome, it does not describe the ‘kinome’ at the level of activity of kinases against their substrate targets. An attempt to address that limitation and give researchers a more direct view of cellular kinase activity is found in the PamGene PamChip® system, which records and compares the phosphorylation of 144 tyrosine or serine/threonine peptides as they are phosphorylated by cellular kinases. Accordingly, the kinetics of this time dependent kinomic signal needs to be well understood in order to transduce a parameter set into an accurate and meaningful mathematical model. Here we report the analysis and mathematical modeling of kinomic time series, which achieves a more accurate description of the accumulation of phosphorylated product than the current model, which assumes first order enzyme-substrate kinetics. Reproducibility of the proposed solution was of particular attention. Specifically, the nonlinear parameterization procedure is delivered as a public open source web application where kinomic time series can be accurately decomposed into the model’s two parameter values measuring phosphorylation rate and capacity. The ability to deliver model parameterization entirely as a client side web application is an important result on its own given increasing scientific preoccupation with reproducibility. There is also no need for a potentially transitory and opaque server-side component maintained by the authors, nor of exchanging potentially sensitive data as part of the model parameterization process since the code is transferred to the browser client where it can be inspected and executed.
The potential impact of reducing indoor tanning on melanoma prevention and treatment costs in the United States: An economic analysis

Background Indoor tanning is associated with an increased risk of melanoma. The US Food and Drug Administration proposed prohibiting indoor tanning among minors younger than 18 years. Objective We sought to estimate the health and economic benefits of reducing indoor tanning in the United States. Methods We used a Markov model to estimate the expected number of melanoma cases and deaths averted, life-years saved, and melanoma treatment costs saved by reducing indoor tanning. We examined 5 scenarios: restricting indoor tanning among minors younger than 18 years, and reducing the prevalence by 20%, 50%, 80%, and 100%. Results Restricting indoor tanning among minors younger than 18 years was estimated to prevent 61,839 melanoma cases, prevent 6735 melanoma deaths, and save $342.9 million in treatment costs over the lifetime of the 61.2 million youth age 14 years or younger in the United States. The estimated health and economic benefits increased as indoor tanning was further reduced. Limitations Limitations include the reliance on available data and not examining compliance to indoor tanning laws. Conclusions Reducing indoor tanning has the potential to reduce melanoma incidence, mortality, and treatment costs. These findings help quantify and underscore the importance of continued efforts to reduce indoor tanning and prevent melanoma.
Practice transition in graduate medical education.

SummaryBackground Debt repayment, professional negotiation and practice management skills are vital to a successful medical practice, yet are undervalued and seldom taught in graduate medical education. Medical residents need additional training to confidently transition to independent practice, requiring the development of novel curricula. Medical residents need additional training to confidently transition to independent practice Methods We developed a trial practice management curriculum to educate senior residents and fellows through voluntary workshops. Topics discussed in the workshops included debt repayment, billing compliance, medical malpractice, contract negotiations, and lifestyle and financial management. Resident self-confidence was assessed, and feedback was obtained through voluntary survey responses before and after attendance at a workshop, scored using a Likert scale. Results Twenty-five residents from 20 specialties attended a 1-day session incorporating all lectures; 53 residents from 17 specialties attended a re-designed quarterly session with one or two topics per session. Survey evaluations completed before and after the workshop demonstrated an improvement in residents' self-assessment of confidence in contract negotiations (p < 0.001) and their first year in practice (p < 0.001): after the curriculum, 94 per cent (n = 42) of respondents felt confident participating in contract negotiations, and 93 per cent (n = 38) of respondents felt confident about their first year in practice. One hundred per cent of respondents agreed that the presentation objectives were relevant to their needs as residents. Discussion Participant responses indicated a need for structured education in practice management for senior trainees. Senior residents and fellows will benefit most from curricula, but have high familial and professional demands on their schedules.
Is this possible?: massive online inter-institutional student production

The Massive Collaborative Animation Project is a multi-year, multi-school, global animation production currently entering its second year of production. Initiated in the summer of 2016 at the annual SIGGRAPH conference in Anaheim, CA, by Dr. William Joel (Western Connecticut State University), the purpose of MCAP is to allow undergraduate students and faculty from institutions around the world to join together in the creation of an original computer animation. A single animation and visual effects production is a highly collaborative effort that utilizes multiple, interconnected teams. As such, industry needs workers that have experience with the intricacies involved in team-based projects. Many schools have animation components in their curricula, but may not have either the resources or student numbers to engage in the creation of extensive animation projects. By creating a platform for such schools to work together, sharing their resources and expertise, MCAP provides a mechanism to enrich these students' educational experiences, as well as hopefully provide a model for other collaborative projects.
Parallelizing a Network Intrusion Detection System using a GPU

P ARRELLELIZING A NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM USINGAGPU Anju Panicker Madhusoodhanan Sathik April II, 2012 As network speeds continue to increase and attacks get increasingly more complicated, there is need to improved detection algorithms and improved performance of Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS). Recently, several attempts have been made to use the underutilized parallel processing capabilities of GPUs, to offload the costly NIDS pattern matching algorithms. This thesis presents an interface for NIDS Snort that allows porting of the pattern-matching algorithm to run on a GPU. The analysis show that this system can achieve up to four times speedup over the existing Snort implementation and that GPUs can be effectively utilized to perform intensive computational processes like pattern matching.
The dissociative mind in psychoanalysis: understanding and working with trauma.

This collection is a welcome follow-up to Elizabeth Howell’s now classic textbook, The Dissociative Mind. This second book is a collection of guideposts rather than a therapeutic manual, pointing c...
A Class of Solutions to the 3D Cubic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation that Blows Up on a Circle

We consider the 3D cubic focusing nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation i∂ t u + Δu + |u| 2 u = 0, which appears as a model in condensed matter theory and plasma physics. We construct a family of axially symmetric solutions, corresponding to an open set in of initial data, that blow up in finite time with a singular circle in the xy-plane. Our construction is modeled on Raphael’s [33] construction of a family of solutions to the 2D quintic focusing NLS, i∂ t u + Δu + |u| 4 u = 0, that blows up on a circle.
Additive Manufacturing of Complex Millimeter-Wave Waveguides Structures Using Digital Light Processing

Additive manufacturing technology has enabled the manufacturing of complex structures, especially those with intricate internal features. This paper proposes a method for building complex-structured millimeter-wave waveguides using a strategy that combines digital light processing 3-D printing technology, a curved corner design, an off-axis print angle of 45°, and a robust postmetallization process. To demonstrate the capability of this combined-strategy method, a traditional magic tee prototype and an adapted inherently matched magic tee prototype are fabricated for use in the W-band. The measured performance of the fabricated inherently matched magic tee demonstrates return loss better than 13.5 dB, isolation coefficients higher than 15.7 dB, insertion losses smaller than 1.3 dB, and a magnitude imbalance of less than 1.3 dB across 80–105 GHz. The 3-D printed magic tee has a comparable performance to a W-band CNC-machined magic tee but weighs 77.5% less than the metallic one.
Abstract 5044: Prostate adenocarcinoma incidence and risk factors in Veterans with well controlled HIV infection

(a) Although prostate cancer is projected to be one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in HIV-infected men overall, little is known about its risk in the sub-group with well-controlled HIV-infection. (b) We performed a retrospective cohort study to determine age-adjusted incidence of prostate adenocarcinoma in HIV-positive male veterans utilizing Veterans Administration (VA) healthcare between 10/01/1999 and 12/31/2016. HIV infection and prostate adenocarcinoma diagnosis as well as related clinical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle risk factors were obtained using extant VA administrative healthcare databases, the VA cancer registry, and augmented prostate cancer diagnosis with direct electronic medical record (EMR) review. We defined well controlled HIV as >60% of time with an undetectable HIV viral load and limited our analyses to those with a minimum of 90 days between HIV and prostate diagnosis, death, their last recorded health care encounter, or study end. We employed time-varying Cox proportional hazard regression models and used backward elimination to identify risk factors associated with incident prostate adenocarcinoma; effects are reported as Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). (c) During an average 10.26 years of follow-up, we identified 587 incident prostate adenocarcinomas among our cohort of 19,079 HIV positive men with well-controlled infection (age-adjusted incidence rate [IR] = 83.31 per 100,000-person years, 95% CI: 76.83-90.33); with a significant increasing trend over time. We identified several factors associated with significant increased risk of incident prostate adenocarcinoma, after adjusting for HIV medication use, in our well-controlled HIV-positive cohort including substance abuse (HR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.27-2.24, p=0.0003), age at HIV diagnosis (HR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.25-2.39, p=0.0010), and black race (HR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.58-2.72, p (d) Further research is needed to confirm our findings and to better identify sub-groups of well-controlled HIV-positive men at greatest increased prostate cancer risk. Citation Format: Kathryn E. Royse, Jose M. Garcia, Donna L. White, Jennifer R. Kramer, Yongquan Dong, Suchismita Raychaudhury, Peter A. Richardson, Christine Hartman, Elizabeth Y. Chiao. Prostate adenocarcinoma incidence and risk factors in Veterans with well controlled HIV infection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5044.
Nitrous oxide in the Great Lakes: insights from two trophic extremes

Freshwaters are a significant yet understudied component of the global nitrous oxide (N2O) budget. Despite the potential importance of the Laurentian Great Lakes in the freshwater N2O budget, studies have been extremely limited to date. This study evaluated the production pathways, concentrations, and atmospheric emissions of N2O across the two trophic extremes of the Great Lakes: the deep oligotrophic waters of Lake Superior and shallow eutrophic zones of western Lake Erie. Production pathways via denitrification and nitrification were evaluated through stable isotope analysis, and atmospheric emissions were determined from surface concentrations and wind speed. Across all sites and dates, N2O saturation ranged from 98 to 129% in Lake Superior and 93 to 676% in Sandusky Bay, Lake Erie, indicating these lakes are net sources of N2O to the atmosphere. Isotopic site preference values (SP) suggest a mix of production pathways, with nitrification dominating most time periods and denitrification occurring under conditions of high nutrient availability and microbial activity. N2O atmospheric emissions were strong but highly variable in Lake Erie, and emissions in Lake Superior were consistently low (− 0.26 to 33.03 and − 0.14 to 1.41 μmol N m−2 day−1, respectively). Our findings highlight two paradigms of N2O production and emissions: low, wind-driven rates in deep oligotrophic zones and temporally dynamic rates driven by N loading in shallow eutrophic zones. Offshore regions likely make up the majority of the N2O budget for the Great Lakes, yet nearshore regions have a greater capacity for increased N2O emissions in the face of increased nutrient loading.
Barriers to eliciting patient goals and values in shared decision-making breast cancer surgery consultations: An ethnographic and interview study.

Objective Previous research has demonstrated the importance of eliciting patients' goals and values during shared decision-making (SDM), but this does not occur in most SDM conversations. Understanding challenges to eliciting patients' goals and values is crucial. This study assessed how clinicians balanced sharing medical information and considering patients' goals and values during breast cancer surgery consultation in an integrated health care system. Methods We conducted interviews with clinicians (n = 6) and patients (n = 11) and conducted naturalistic, ethnographic observations of eight surgical consultations in a multidisciplinary breast cancer clinic. We analyzed the data following the template method using the qualitative software NVivo 10. Results Clinicians prioritized sharing medical information. We identified four patient factors necessary to integrate patients' values and goals into the conversation in addition to sharing medical information: ability to process large quantities of information quickly, willingness to embrace swift decision-making, ability to quickly formulate one's values, and prioritization of surgical choice as the goal of the conversation. Conclusions We found that SDM implementation results in practices that emphasize information and choice, with less focus on patient goals and values. More research is needed to explore factors that may encourage the elicitation of patients' goals and values.
Orientation of the premaxilla in the origin of septal deviation

While most people believe the nasal septum to have intrinsic deviation and overgrowth in patients seeking rhinoplasty, an alternative concept is that a mal-oriented premaxilla causes extrinsic septal buckling and external extrusion of the septal cartilage. In this sense, the premaxillary bone plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of septal deviation. This study was performed to determine if non-traumatically acquired septal/nasal functional and aesthetic pathology or septal deviation may be related to the orientation of the premaxilla relative to the skullbase. A retrospective, single-center study of patients in the general population who underwent maxillofacial CT scans and presented for the evaluation of nasal obstruction. CT scans were used to measure features of both pathologic and non-pathologic nasal septums. A total of 68 subjects were evaluated. When comparing patients with a premaxillary-skullbase angle of greater than 81° (the mean of the study group) to those of less than 81°, and a more obtuse nasolabial angle was observed (p = 0.0269). When comparing the extremes of premaxillary rotation, specifically, greater than 87° (mean 91.7°, SD 5.1) and less than 77° (mean 70.7°, SD 3.6), the differences were more pronounced with regard to caudal septal excess (p = 0.0451) and septal deviation in the axial plane (p = 0.0150). Septal developmental changes may involve an overly rotated or more vertically oriented premaxillary bone relative to the skull base. An understanding of the cause of septal deformity may provide insight into the design of improved treatments.