cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of a Nutrition and Physical Activity Counseling Module for First-Year Medical Students.

Introduction: Few Americans follow recommendations regarding nutrition or physical activity, and few physicians provide nutritional counseling (NC) or physical activity counseling (PAC) to patients. Clinical, systems-based, and institutional barriers to teaching and providing NC and PAC exist, but theoretical models of behavior change and principles of adult learning theory (ALT) can enable medical educators to overcome these barriers. Methods: We developed an educational intervention consisting of interactive lectures and two standardized patient experiences to provide first-year medical students with practical experience in PAC and NC. Students completed pre and post educational assessments of attitudes, knowledge, and self-efficacy with the counseling techniques. Results: Knowledge scores increased from 6.1 to 8.5 (p<.001) on a 13-item test. Self-confidence scores for NC increased from 45 to 78 (p<.001), and self-confidence scores for PAC increased from 51 to 82 (p<.001). While overall attitudes regarding the necessity and utility of counseling with specific disease states were not different pre/ post test (necessity pre/post 6.3 to 6.2 p= .71; utility pre/post 5.8 to 5.7 p=.88), necessity and utility scores for disease states treated primarily with coun-seling were different compared to disease states students perceive to be primarily pharmacologi-cally treated (counseling vs. pharmacological necessity 5.9 vs. 6.6 p<.001; utility 5.4 vs. 6.1 p<.001). Conclusion: An educational intervention based on theoretical models of behavior change and ALT can increase knowledge and self confidence scores regarding counseling for NC and PAC.
Evolution and function of the uterine serpins (SERPINA14).

Citation Padua MB, Hansen PJ. Evolution and function of the uterine serpins (SERPINA14). Am J Reprod Immunol 2010 Uterine serpins (recently designated as SERPINA14) are hormonally induced proteins secreted in large quantities by the endometrial epithelium during pregnancy. The SERPINA14 proteins belong to the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) superfamily, but their apparent lack of inhibitory activity toward serine proteinases suggests that these proteins evolved a different function from the anti-proteinase activity typically found in most members of the serpin superfamily. The gene is present in a limited group of mammals in the Laurasiatheria superorder (ruminants, horses, pigs, dolphins and some carnivores) while being absent in primates, rodents, lagomorphs and marsupials. Thus, the gene is likely to have evolved by gene duplication after divergence of Laurasiatheria and to play an important role in pregnancy. That role may vary between species. In sheep, SERPINA14 probably serves an immunoregulatory role to prevent rejection of the fetal allograft. It is inhibitory to lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell function. In the pig, SERPINA14 is involved in iron transport to the fetus by binding to and stabilizing the iron-binding protein uteroferrin. It is possible that SERPINA14 has undergone divergence in function since the original emergence of the gene in a common ancestor of species possessing SERPINA14.
The Rails Toolkit Enabling End-System Topology-Aware High End Computing

We present a novel rails approach so that future e-Science applications can effectively exploit future system architectures, including multi-core and many-core architectures, multiple network cards, multiple graphical processing units and hybrid hierarchical memory architectures. We define "rail" as the co-scheduling of two or more of these resources. This approach enables creation of parallel multi-rails through every aspect of an end system: from processing on the multi- and many cores, to generation of multiple data flows and streaming over multi-lane network interface card (NIC) connected via a parallel interconnect. We describe a novel open-source multi-rail toolkit and the evaluation of end-system parameters that impact the efficiency of such multi-rail systems, including Interrupt, Memory, Thread and Core Affinities -- key properties for achieving scalable performance.
Intraoperative digital radiography: Paradigm shift in standard of care

Despite our best efforts, orthopaedic surgeons do not always achieve desired results in acetabular cup positioning in total hip arthroplasty. New advancements in digital radiography and image analysis software allow contemporaneous assessment of cup position in real time during the surgical procedure. Changes in pelvic tilt are accounted for based on a preoperative reference radiograph that is aligned with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. Digital radiography enables a technological and ideological paradigm shift in total hip arthroplasty based on a reliable, cost-effective, user-friendly, and familiar technology, putting the outcome directly in the hands of the surgeon.
Reactivating the Natural Killer

Human immune cells scan the body for various microbes, pathogens, and even tumor cells to attack. There are several possible ways that tumor cells can escape this immune surveillance. Surgery, for example, has been shown to affect immune cell function in the postoperative period by altering the function of natural killer (NK) cells, which are cytotoxic lymphocytes that play a major role in host clearance of malignant cells. Tai and colleagues explore this link between surgery and dysfunctional immune surveillance. Tai et al. isolated NK cells from the spleen of rodents and the blood from patients undergoing tumor resection and demonstrated that NK cell function was significantly diminished after surgery. The human NK cells had reduced ability to kill tumor cells for up to 28 days after surgery. In rodent models, they found that the diminished NK cell function after surgery was linked to increased numbers of lung metastases. The authors linked the NK cell dysfunction after surgery to a number of factors, including NK cell sequestration into the surgical site, down-regulation of proteins responsible for NK cell activation, and alterations in the systemic levels of cytokines that modulate NK cell activity, such as interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-6, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. In order to prevent NK cell dysfunction, Tai et al. treated animals with immune-stimulating oncolytic viruses immediately before surgery. They found that the viruses maintained NK cell activity and reduced the levels of distant tumor spread after surgery in rodents. Although the exact mechanism is unclear, the authors demonstrated that levels of interferon-γ, a known stimulant of NK cell activity, was up-regulated after virus administration. This study suggests that surgical stress–induced blunting of NK cell function is reversible through treatment with immune-modulating agents. However, clinical trials will be required to demonstrate that maintenance of NK cell activity in human cancer patients can reduce tumor progression. L Tai et al ., Preventing post-operative metastatic disease by inhibiting surgery-induced dysfunction in natural killer cells. Cancer Research , published online 22 October 2012 (10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-1993). [[Full Text]][1] [1]: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2012/10/23/0008-5472.CAN-12-1993.long
The Influence of Sb Doping on the Growth and Electronic Properties of GaAs(100) and AIGaAs(100)

The effect of the group V isoelectronic dopant antimony (Sb) on the optimum growth temperature for GaAs and AIGaAs MBE grown films is examined with the aim of producing heterostructures at the lowest possible temperatures. RHEED intensity oscillations have been used to quantify the incorporation rate of Ga, Al, and As for different growth temperatures. The electrical properties of the layers are characterized using photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), Hall mobility measurements, and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Results show that isoelectronic Sb doping of GaAs and AIGaAs permits the growth of these materials at temperatures up to 800C lower than optimum, with deep level trap densities, photoluminescence quality, and Hall mobilities at least comparable or better than those films grown at optimal temperatures.
Pulmonary vascular remodelling after heart transplantation in patients with cavopulmonary connection.

OBJECTIVES Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) after heart transplantation (HT) is an important predictor of postoperative outcomes. We hypothesize that PVR and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) will exhibit favourable pulmonary vascular remodelling in patients with failing cavopulmonary connection (CPC) after HT. METHODS Retrospective analysis of patients with superior CPC (SCPC) and total CPC (TCPC) who have undergone HT was performed. Patient data, including age, underlying congenital heart defect, timing of CPC surgery and timing of HT, were reviewed. Right heart catheterization data, including PCWP (mmHg) and PVR indexed (PVRi, Woods Units) from preoperative, at 1 month, 6 months and 12 months after HT, were collected. Paired data were analysed using Student's t-test. RESULTS Among 21 patients with failing CPC who underwent HT, 10 had SCPC and 11 had TCPC. Average age at HT was 13.3 ± 8 years. Average time after CPC to HT was 8.5 ± 6.2 years. PVRi was noted to trend down over time after HT (PVRi pre-HT versus 6 months after HT, 2.75 vs 2.06, P = 0.06 and pre-HT versus 12 months after HT, 2.79 vs 2.27, P = 0.09). There was a statistically significant decrease in PCWP at 6 months (pre-HT versus 6 months after HT, 12.6 vs 10.8, P = 0.01) and 12 months (pre-HT versus 12 months after HT, 12.9 vs 10.1, P = 0.01) after HT. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary vascular changes occur gradually after HT in patients with CPC similar to those shown after HT in patients with cardiomyopathy. However, larger studies are needed to investigate correlation between outcomes and the presence or absence of pulmonary vascular changes after HT in CPC patients.
Analysis on Pesticide Residues in Vegetables in Changping District of Beijing

Objective To investigate the conditions of pesticide residues in vegetables in summer and winter in Changping district in order to provide inspection basis for assuring the safety of vegetable intake.Method In 2006 year,137 samples of vegetables were randomly collected,and measured according to NY/T 761—2004 and evaluated according to GB 2763—2005.Results The detection rate of carbamate was 18.25%,and over-standard rate was 18.25%;The detection rate of pyrethroid was 5.11%,and over-standard rate was 0.73%.The detection rate of phosphate was 1.46%,and over-standard rate was 0.73%.The dicofol in all vegetables were not detected.There was no significant difference among different kinds of vegetables.There was significant difference between carbamate residue in summer and winter,and the residues of 3 kinds of pesticides had no difference.Residual carbamate pesticide in vegetables was severe,and the detection rate in winter was higher than those in summer.Residual conditions of pyrethroid and phosphate were light.However,the pollution problem still existed in them.Conclusion In order to assuring the safety of vegetable intake,the effective measures should be taken.It is necessary that the inspection and administration should be strengthened,and the usage of high toxic pesticides should be prevented from the source,and the monitoring on vegetables between planting and sale links should be enlarged.
Evaluation of machine, technician, and interpreter effects on ultrasonic measures of backfat and longissimus muscle area in beef cattle.

Before slaughter, 44 Hereford-sired steers were measured ultrasonically for backfat (UFAT) and longissimus muscle area (ULMA) between the 12th and 13th ribs by three technicians (TECH) using two different machines (MACH) on two consecutive days (DAY). Each TECH interpreted (INT) his own images in addition to other TECH images. The absolute values of the difference between the 2 DAY's ultrasound measurements for ULMA (magnitude of LMAR) and UFAT (magnitude of FATR) were analyzed with a model including fixed effects of MACH and TECH with a random effect of steer and all interactions. For both magnitude of LMAR and magnitude of FATR, MACH x TECH was significant (P < .10). Correlations between the 2 DAY's measurements ranged from .36 to .90 and .69 to .90 for ULMA and UFAT, respectively. Simple statistics to quickly evaluate TECH and MACH were developed. Root mean squared errors (RMSE) and error standard deviations (ESD) between repeated measurements ranged from 3.89 to 11.32 and 3.93 to 11.34 cm2 for ULMA and .12 to .20 cm and .12 to .20 cm for UFAT, respectively. For accuracy, the absolute values of the difference between the ultrasound and carcass measurement for fat (magnitude of FATD) and longissimus muscle area (magnitude of LMAD) were analyzed with a model accounting for fixed effects of DAY, TECH, and MACH and a random effect of steer with all higher-order interactions. For magnitude of LMAD, TECH x MACH was a significant source of variation (P < .001). Also, a similar model was fit that included the fixed effects of TECH, MACH, and INT and a random effect of steer with all interactions. The MACH x INT interaction was found to be significant for magnitude of LMAD (P < .05). From this research, TECH and MACH differences do exist. Ultrasound is a valid means of measuring carcass traits in live steers if appropriate personnel and equipment are selected.
The Microbiology of Sweet Water and Glycol Cooling Systems Used in HTST Pasteurizers in Fluid Milk Processing Plants in the United States

Refrigerated water and water/glycol mixtures used in high temperature short time (HTST) pasteurizers have been implicated as potential sources of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in milk. This study was carried out to determine the incidence of bacteria in these cooling systems. Sweet water and glycol coolants from 68 fluid milk plants were sampled to determine the incidence of psychrotrophs, mesophiles, coliforms, and salmonellae. A modified most probable number (MPN) technique was performed using 333 ml of coolant in lactose broth (LB, Difco). Samples were incubated for 7 d at 10°C or for 48 h at 37°C. MPN vessels positive for growth at 37°C were used to inoculate selective enrichment, differential and biochemical confirmation media for salmonellae, and brilliant green bile broth (BGB, Difco) for enumeration of coliforms. In addition, 5 L of each sample were passed through 0.45 μm filters (Millipore). The filters were incubated in LB. The previously described procedure for the detection of salmonellae was used. The procedure of Lovett et al. (17) was used to examine each sample for the presence of listeria. The population of organisms that grew at 10 and 37°C varied greatly from plant to plant. MPN values ranged from 240/100 ml of coolant. When present, coliforms were usually at low levels. Eight samples had coliform MPN values >2.2/100 ml of coolant. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from one sweet water sample using the filtration procedure. No Listeria were isolated. The use of sanitizer in dairy coolant was not associated with low microbial populations in the coolant samples. This study suggests that coolants used in HTST pasteurizers may serve as a reservoir for bacterial contamination of pasteurized milk.
Application of electron projection lithography to contacts in 65 nm node and beyond

In this paper, the resist simulation and the experimental performance of EB stepper focused on application to contact hole layer are described.
Experimental demonstration of the microscopic origin of circular dichroism (Conference Presentation)

Fully two-dimensional metamaterials, also known as metasurfaces comprised of planar-chiral plasmonic metamolecules that are just nanometers thick, have been shown to exhibit chiral dichroism in transmission. The origin of the resulting circular dichroism is rather subtle. Theoretical calculations indicate that this surprising effect relies on finite non-radiative (Ohmic) losses of the metasurface. In the absence of such losses on the nanoscale, the chiral dichroism in transmission (CDT) defined as the difference between the transmission coefficients of the RCP and LCP waves, must identically vanish. This surprising theoretical prediction has never been experimentally verified because of the challenge of measuring non-radiative loss on the nanoscale. We use a combination of nanoscale characterization techniques to demonstrate that the RCP and LCP states of the incident light produce drastically different distributions of optical energy and Ohmic heat dissipation in the two-dimensional chiral nanoantennas, thereby producing a strong chiral dichroism in absorption (CDA). A planar-chiral metasurface, along with its chiral enantiomer, was designed to maximize the CDA in mid-IR range. The CDA gives rise to the CDT observed experimentally in the far-field measurements. We then use scattering-type near-field scanning optical microscopy to map the optical energy distribution on the nanoantennas and their enantiomers in response to the RCP and LCP light. Photo-expansion microscopy, also known as AFM-IR, was then utilized to experimentally demonstrate drastically different Ohmic heating of the nanoantennas under RCP and LCP light illumination. In collaboration with: A.B.Khanikaev, N.Arju, Z.Fan, D.Purtseladze, F.Lu, J.Lee, P.Sarriugarte, M.Schnell, R.Hillenbrand, M.A.Belkin
Return to Duty Rates Following Meniscal Repair Surgery in an Active Duty Military Population.

ABSTRACTMeniscal injury is a common knee injury in a young athletic population. Maintaining the integrity of the meniscus is critical to reducing contact pressures on the tibiofemoral articulation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the outcomes of meniscal repair in a young military population. We conducted a retrospective review of all meniscal repairs performed on active duty Army personnel at a Military Medical Center from January 2002 to December 2012. One hundred seventy-eight active duty patients, mean age 28 (19–48) years underwent 178 meniscal repairs. Postoperatively, 33 (18.5%) patients were medically separated from the military at an average time of 29 months. Fifty (28%) patients required a permanent duty restricting profile. Ninety-five (53.5%) patients required no profile after meniscal repair at an average follow-up of 5 (1.5–12.3) years. Meniscal repair in this young military population allowed 81.5% of patients to return to duty; however, 34% of those required a permanent duty restr...
Prediction of spout diameter in gas‐solid spouted beds using factorial design of experiments approach with the aid of advanced optical fibre probe

In this study, the effects of five operating and design variables (solid density, static bed height, particle diameter, superficial gas velocity, and inlet diameter) on the average spout diameter of a 0.152 m inside diameter gas-solid spouted bed have been assessed experimentally using advanced gas-solid optical fibre probe technique. Statistical analysis of the experimental data including the factorial design of the experiments using MINITAB17 statistical software has been performed to determine the extent of the effects of these variables on the spout diameter as a case study. It was found that all five operating and design variables, except the solid density together with the 2-ways interactions between particles size and inlet diameter, in addition to gas velocity and inlet diameter, have a significant effect on the average spout diameter. Regression analysis was performed to correlate these variables with the average spout diameter for the gas-solid spouted beds. The obtained preliminary regression correlation was able to closely predict the average spout diameter of this work with the mean relative deviation value of 0.7%. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Graph rigidity, unassigned distance geometry and the nanostructure problem

The unassigned distance geometry (UDGP) problem takes as input a list of interpoint distances, d = {di}, l = 1,…, |d|, and its solution is a set of point positions in a Euclidean space of dimension K. The UDGP is difficult because it requires both the discovery of the underlying graph structure and the embedding of that graph. Recent theoretical results and algorithms based on building up low cost structures from smaller substructures are outlined and application domains are discussed.
Transport injuries and deaths in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study

OBJECTIVES: Transport injuries (TI) are ranked as one of the leading causes of death, disability, and property loss worldwide. This paper provides an overview of the burden of TI in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) by age and sex from 1990 to 2015.METHODS: Transport injuries mortality in the EMR was estimated using the Global Burden of Disease mortality database, with corrections for ill-defined causes of death, using the cause of death ensemble modeling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on inpatient and outpatient datasets, 26 cause-of-injury and 47 nature-of-injury categories.RESULTS: In 2015, 152,855 (95% uncertainty interval: 137,900-168,100) people died from TI in the EMR countries. Between 1990 and 2015, the years of life lost (YLL) rate per 100,000 due to TI decreased by 15.5%, while the years lived with disability (YLD) rate decreased by 10%, and the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate decreased by 16%.CONCLUSIONS: Although the burden of TI mortality and morbidity decreased over the last two decades, there is still a considerable burden that needs to be addressed by increasing awareness, enforcing laws, and improving road conditions. (Less)
Partisan Responses to Public Health Messages: Motivated Reasoning and Sugary Drink Taxes.

This study examines the public's motivated reasoning of competitive messages about sugary drink taxes, a public health policy approach attempted with some recent success in the United States. In an experiment embedded in a nationally representative survey fielded in the fall of 2012, we randomized participants (N = 5,147) to receive one of four messages: control, a strong protax message, a two-sided message, or a message refuting arguments made in soda company antitax messages. The protax message showed no effects on tax support, while the two-sided message depressed Republicans' support. The refutation message boosted independents' support but produced backlash among Republicans. This motivated response was pronounced among Republicans who were plausibly previously exposed to the sugary drink tax debate. These findings reinforce the communication challenges in an increasingly politicized US health policy discourse.
Coupled thermal and optical analysis of a planar waveguide concentrator-receiver

Abstract Harvesting solar energy using optical concentrators such as parabolic troughs or heliostats involve active tracking that requires costly drives and sizable support structures. This study explores the use of optical waveguides based on total internal reflection for concentrating sunlight onto thermal receivers, with the goal of minimizing or eliminating moving parts, tracking structures and cost. To this end, the paper presents an analytical closed-form solution for the coupled optical and thermal transport of solar irradiation through an ideal planar waveguide concentrator integrated with linear receiver at both ends. The effects of various design and operating parameters are systematically investigated on the system performance, which is quantified in terms of net thermal power delivered, aperture area required and collection efficiency. Design envelopes that identify feasible waveguide configurations based on thermal stress, maximum continuous operation temperature and structural constraints are illustrated. The study provides an upper bound for the maximum performance achievable with planar waveguide concentrator-receiver configuration that can be used as a benchmark to compare different practical designs. Further, a cost analysis is presented to determine the preferred design configurations that minimize the cost per unit area of the planar waveguide concentrator coupled to the receiver. Considering applications to thermal desalination and concentrated solar thermal power generation, optimal design configuration of waveguide concentrator-receiver system is identified that results in the least levelized cost of power (LCOP). Sensitivity analysis of the total cost per unit area and LCOP to waveguide material parameters and cost is used to derive improvements needed to meet the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) SunShot’s solar field cost target of $75/m2.
Mathematical Models for Describing Transport in the Unsaturated Zone of Soils

In this monograph, we have focused on numerical methods for solving the equations describing transport in the unsaturated zone of soil-water systems. The upper portion of the unsaturated zone is intensively used for the cultivation of food crops and in the past has been used as a disposal site for many types of industrial chemicals. In crop cultivation, this portion of the subsurface receives a large variety and quantity of synthetic organic and inorganic chemicals, all designed to increase crop yield. Many of the synthetic chemicals are added to prevent many types of undesirable plants, invertebrates, and microorganisms from interrupting the growth of desirable economic agricultural crops.
Cooperative Student-Built Multi-Payload Balloon-Satellite Eclipse Measurement

Six high altitude balloon payloads were built and flown in the path of totality on during the 2017 total solar eclipse across the US. The payload flight controllers consisted of Raspberry Pi computers running code written in Bash and Python 3.4 to collect and store data from sensors. The program on each payload collected data from an external temperature sensor, an internal temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a light sensor, a GPS unit, and a camera. The design also incorporated a smart internal heater to prevent the payload from freezing. The payload design, circuit, and code will be presented along with lessons learned and plans for future work. This project was made possible by a Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship, a subaward from the NASA Eclipse Ballooning Project Science Mission Directorate Grant & the Arkansas Space Grant Consortium Grant, and Student Research Funds from the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Central Arkansas.
Decoding the intestinal epithelium cell by cell.

Single-cell sequencing identifies novel subtypes of intestinal epithelial cells and their molecular signatures, which reveals new principles for gut homeostasis and the response to infection.
Synthesis of nucleobase-neomycin conjugates and evaluation of their DNA binding, cytotoxicities, and antibacterial properties

Neomycin is known to preferentially bind to A-form nucleic acid structures including triplex DNA, DNA and RNA hybrid, and duplex RNA. Tethering a DNA intercalator moiety to the C5” position of the ring III of neomycin is a practical approach to develop potent binders targeting various nucleic acid secondary structures via a synergistic effect; however, the minimal stacking surface of the intercalating moiety required to exhibit the effect remains unclear. In the present work, we synthesized four nucleobase and neomycin conjugates via click chemistry. All four conjugates stabilized a DNA oligonucleotide triplex in the thermal denaturation experiments monitored by UV. The guanine-neomycin conjugate (6b) showed a better triplex stabilization effect than neomycin. All the conjugates, as well as neomycin, exhibited no thermal stabilization effect on a human telomeric DNA G-quadruplex. These results suggest that the synergistic effect of binding is vastly dependent on the surface area of the stacking moiety of the conjugates. In addition, tethering a nucleobase to the C5” position of neomycin enhanced the cytotoxicity of neomycin toward MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cells but decreased the antibacterial effect of neomycin against several Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species.
Memory, Subjectivity and Independent Chinese Cinema

Memory, Subjectivity and Independent Chinese Cinema provides a historically informed examination of independent moving image works made between 1990 and 2010 in China. Showcasing an evolving personal mode of narrating memory, documenting reality, and inscribing subjectivity in over sixteen selected works that range from narrative film and documentary to experimental video and digital media (even including a multimedia avant-garde play), this book presents a provocative portrait of the independent filmmakers as a peculiarly pained yet active group of historical subjects of the transitional, post-socialist era. Through a connected investigation of cultural and cinematic concepts including historical consciousness, personal memory, narrative, performance, subjectivity, spatiality, and the body, Wang weaves a critical narrative of the formation of a unique post-socialist cultural consciousness that enables independent cinema and media to become a highly significant and effective conduit for historical thinking in contemporary China. Covers the following directorsZhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Jia Zhangke, Jiang Wen, Lou Ye, Meng Jinghui, Wang Bing, Wang Guangli, Duan Jinchuan, Cui Zi'en, Shi Tou, and Tang Danhong, this book is essential reading for all students and scholars in Chinese film.
Incidence and Prognostic Significance of Carcinoid Lymph Node Metastases.

Background Pulmonary carcinoid tumors are often considered indolent tumors. The prognostic significance of lymph node (LN) metastases and the need for mediastinal dissection is controversial. We sought to determine the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of LN metastases in resected carcinoid patients. Methods Patients undergoing lung resection for carcinoid and removal of ≥10 LNs were identified in the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2014. Typical (TCs) and atypical carcinoids (ACs) were included. Clinical and pathologic LN status was assessed. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using log-rank test and Cox hazard regression analysis. Results A total of 3,335 patients (TC 2,893; AC 442), underwent resection (lobectomy/bilobectomy 84%, pneumonectomy 8%, sublobar resection 8%). LN involvement was present in 21% of patients (N1 15%, N2 6%) and increased with tumor size and AC histology. Tumor size was an independent predictor of LN disease. The rate of nodal upstaging was 13% (TC 11%, AC 24%). Independent predictors of OS were AC type (HR 3.25 [95% CI 2.19-4.78]) and LN metastases (HR 2.3 [1.49-3.58]). LN disease was associated with worse survival for TC > 2 cm (5-year OS 87% versus 94%, p = 0.005) and AC (58% versus 88%, p = 0.001), but not for small (≤ 2 cm) TC patients (5-year OS 93% versus 92%, p = 0.67). Conclusions A substantial number of well-staged carcinoid patients had LN metastases. Large tumor size is a valuable predictor of carcinoid nodal disease. LN involvement was an independent predictor of worse survival. Nodal dissection in tumors > 2 cm and in atypical subtype can yield important prognostic information.
Keystone Bituminous Coal, First English, Nollan: A Framework for Accommodation?

This article focuses on three Supreme Court cases that produced important developments for land use laws and redefined property rights: Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. De Benedictis, First English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Glendale v. County of Los Angeles, and Nollan v. California Coastal Commission. The article discusses these cases and the implications they have for both landowners and regulators. Keystone favors property regulators while First English and Nollan favor property owners, but the article emphasizes that when these cases are read together what emerges is a sense that both landowners and regulators have important common interests which the American property law system can accommodate. The article suggests alternative approaches for future developments in the land use regulatory process. Finally, the article concludes that the best response to this trilogy of cases is the effective use of an early review system, along with regulations carefully tailored to specific land use policies. This would enable municipalities to plan and regulate land in comprehensive, flexible, and innovative ways.
Orthogonality and Orthography: Introducing Measured Distance into Semantic Space

This paper explores a new technique for encoding structured information into a semantic model, for the construction of vector representations of words and sentences. As an illustrative application, we use this technique to compose robust representations of words based on sequences of letters, that are tolerant to changes such as transposition, insertion and deletion of characters. Since these vectors are generated from the written form or orthography of a word, we call them 'orthographic vectors'. The representation of discrete letters in a continuous vector space is an interesting example of a Generalized Quantum model, and the process of generating semantic vectors for letters in a word is mathematically similar to the derivation of orbital angular momentum in quantum mechanics. The importance and sometimes, the violation of orthogonality is discussed in both mathematical settings. This work is grounded in psychological literature on word representation and recognition, and is also motivated by potential technological applications such as genre-appropriate spelling correction. The mathematical method, examples and experiments, and the implementation and availability of the technique in the Semantic Vectors package are also discussed.
Barnacles of Rocas Alijos

The emergent rocks of Rocas Alijos are the remnants of the tip of an extinct volcano located about 185 nautical miles west of Bahia Magdalena and 185 nautical miles south of Punta Eugenia, Baja California. The location and size of these rocks make them of special biogeographic interest. First, they are positioned at the same latitude as a coastal biogeographic transition zone (Bahia Magdalena). Second, their moderately distant location from the coast and their small size present a challenge for any colonizing larvae of shallow water marine organisms from the continental margin.
DIFFERENT EFFECTORS AND EFFECTOR MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN THE NATURAL CELL-MEDIATED LYSIS OF LYMPHOID AND FIBROBLAST TARGETS*

ABSTRACT We have found that NK-sensitive lymphoid cells as well as NC-sensitive and NC-resistant fibroblasts (normal and transformed) share NC-recognition determinants. Lymphoid target cell sensitivity or resistance to NK-lysis is determined by the presence or absence of NK-recognition determinants, respectively, while sensitivity or resistance of fibroblast targets to NC-lysis is determined by the level of a protein synthesis dependent counterlytic mechanism operating in the target cells. This counterlytic mechanism is absent from lymphoid targets.
Tailoring interventions for health behavior change in breast cancer screening.

Purpose Health professionals continue to seek strategies to help individuals increase health-promoting behaviors and decrease those behaviors related to unhealthy lifestyles. Various health behavior theories currently guide interventions that focus on health behavior changes. Of these, a tailored approach uses individual data on beliefs and behavior to guide the content and delivery of interventions. The purpose of this paper is to explain the usefulness of theories in tailoring health promotion messages to increase health-protecting behaviors. Overview A brief overview of current popular theories that focus on individual behavior is presented, followed by illustrations of a tailored intervention approach for breast cancer screening. Applications of the tailored intervention approach in ongoing studies to increase breast cancer screening are described. Clinical implications Clinical implications of the ongoing projects suggest practical and widespread utility of tailoring health-promoting messages to increase healthy lifestyles. The tailored approach may be used by a multidisciplinary team to focus on the individual's unique factors to impact behavior change rather than to deliver the same standard message to all individuals.
Evaluation of EEG-Based Predictions of Image QoE in Augmented Reality Scenarios

Augmented Reality (AR) devices and phone adaptations are commonly head-worn to overlay context-dependent information into the field of view of the device operators. One particular scenario is the overlay of still images, for which we evaluate the interplay of user ratings as Quality of Experience (QoE) with (i) the non-referential BRISQUE objective image quality metric as QoS and (ii) human subject dry electrode EEG signals gathered with a commercial device. We find strong correlations for subject-specific EEG portfolios, resulting in an approach to the predictability of the QoE. Our overall results can be employed in practical scenarios by mobile content and network service providers to optimize the user experience in augmented reality scenarios with a passive human in-the-loop in the future.
Battery-Free Wireless Video Streaming Camera System

We design and prototype the first battery-free video streaming camera that harvests energy from both ambient light and RF signals. The RF signals are emitted by a nearby access point. The camera collects energy from both sources and backscatters up to 13 frames per second (fps) video at a distance of up to 150 ft in both outdoor and indoor environments. Compared to a single harvester powered by either ambient light or RF, our dual harvester design improves the camera’s frame rate. Also, the dual harvester design maintains a steady 3 fps at distances beyond the RF energy harvesting range. To show efficacy of our battery-free video streaming camera for real applications such as surveillance and monitoring, we deploy our camera for a day-long experiment, from 8 AM to 4 PM, in an outdoor environment. Our results show that on a sunny day, our camera can provide a frame rate of up to 9 fps using a 4.5 cm×2.2 cm solar cell.
Enhanced Degradation of Perfluorocarboxylic Acids (PFCAs) by UV/Sulfite Treatment: Reaction Mechanisms and System Efficiencies at pH 12

Reductive defluorination with UV-generated hydrated electrons (eaq–) is a promising technology for the destruction of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs, CnF2n+1COO–). However, prior studies using pH...
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

I N 1806, FRENCH dermatologist Baron Jean Louis Alibert’ identified the unique characteristics of the disease process known today as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). He called it “mycosis fungoides” (MF), not because it was a fungus, but because of the mushroom-like nature of the cutaneous lesions found in the advanced stages of the disease. In 1870, Bazin’ described several clinical stages of MF with progression from a premycotic or pretumor stage to placque and nodular tumor development. A fumeur d’emble’e variant was reported by Vidal and Brocq in 18853 and referred to the sudden appearance of de novo tumors. Today, some believe that this event may signify the emergence of a particularly aggressive neoplasm or a sudden decline in host resistance.4 Early in the 20th century, Pautrier recognized the diagnostic importance of the malignant, inflammatory cells that form characteristic band-like aggregates with the superficial dermis and later invade the epidermis as small clusters.5 This cellular debris constitutes the microabcesses that are a hallmark of MF pathology. In 1938, Sezary and Bouvrain6 characterized an unusual syndrome manifested by severe pruritus, generalized exfoliative erythroderma, circulating “monster” blood cells, and peripheral lymphadenopathy with similar atypical cells. Later, ultrastructural analysis of the abnormal cells from the skin, blood, and lymph nodes of patients with Sezary syndrome (SS) revealed their unique hyperconvoluted, cerebriform nuclei.’ Because of the distinct hematologic component, many investigators consider SS to be a leukemic variant of CTCL.’ However, this point is controversial, and the full implication of detecting circulating neoplastic cells has not been fully resolved. In general, CTCL patients with a high per-
Fabrication of TiO2 nanotubes via three - electrodes anodization technique under sound waves impact and use in dye-sensitized solar cell

The present work included study the formation of the arrays TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2-NT) on the Titanium foil during anodization using three-electrode systems under the influence of ultrasound waves. It reduces the time of fabrication to 30 min. at a constant voltage of about 20 V in the ethylene glycol electrolyte solution. The FE-SEM and AFM results have exhibited the formation of nanotubes 7.09 μm in length with an average diameter of 21.24 nm in the presence of ultrasound. The XRD results have confirmed the dominant anatase phase with high purity. The results of J-V curves show optimized conditions of titanium dioxide nanotubes dye-sensitized solar cell (TiO2-NT-DSSC).The photoelectrochemical parameters are perfect if compared to solar cell fabrication in the absence of ultrasound. Hence, the full factor of energy conversion efficiency is estimated to be about 0.436 under simulated sunlight of 100 mW/cm2.
Acute Compartment Syndrome Caused by Hematoma after Shoulder Surgery: a Case Series

Background The development of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the upper extremity after an elective surgical shoulder procedure is rare but can have devastating results. We describe a series of patients who developed ACS of the upper extremity caused by hematoma formation and subsequent upper extremity swelling after undergoing elective surgical shoulder procedures. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the database of our tertiary care institution between 2004 and 2019 to find patients who developed ACS after elective shoulder surgery. We found 4 such patients and reviewed their medical records and extracted data on their history, clinical examination, predisposing factors, treatment, and clinical and radiographic outcomes. Results Of the 4 patients treated, 2 had undergone reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, 1 had undergone open biceps tenodesis, and 1 had undergone closed manipulation for adhesive capsulitis. Two patients developed symptoms of ACS within 24 hours of the index procedure. Both were treated with immediate decompression of the hematoma, and both experienced complete pain relief and full recovery of function at 1-year follow-up. Two patients were on anticoagulation therapy. Of these, 1 patient developed ACS symptoms 14 days after a revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and was treated successfully with compartment release. Despite treatment, the other patient developed extensive necrosis of muscles and nerves in the upper extremity and severe neurologic deficits in hand and forearm function. Conclusion ACS of the upper extremity caused by hematoma formation can lead to catastrophic outcomes if diagnosis and treatment are not immediate. Providers should be aware of ACS and the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Youth Peer Led Lifestyle Modification Interventions: A Narrative Literature Review

Abstract The prevalence of obesity remains high among school age children and continues to rise among adolescents in the United States. One strategy to address this challenge is to use peer rather than professional leaders to run weight management programs. Youth peer-led lifestyle interventions have become increasingly common over the last few decades, but there is a lack of review and synthesis of these programs. The purpose of this manuscript was to critically review and synthesize results and lessons learned from evaluated youth peer-led lifestyle modification and weight management programs. We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE database to identify articles published between March 2002 and December 2015. We identified 29 interventions including children from kindergarten to 12th grade from different settings and racial/ethnic and economic backgrounds. We first summarized descriptive information about the interventions and then compared outcomes based on intervention type, peer leader characteristics and training, and other related factors. Our review indicated that youth peer-led interventions of varying structure and content can result in positive changes in behavioral influences, diet, physical activity, body measures and other clinical outcomes. We used information from our analysis to formulate recommendations for design of future youth peer-led lifestyle interventions.
The effects of immediate versus delayed feedback on complex concept learning.

We report three experiments that examine whether immediate versus delayed feedback produce differential concept learning. Subjects were shown hypothetical experiment scenarios and were asked to det...
Predicting compulsive buying from pathological personality traits, stressors, and purchasing behavior

Abstract We applied both a cross-sectional design and an experience sampling method to the study of compulsive buying. A sample was drawn from Prolific Academic comprised of undergraduate students in the U.S., which was supplemented by a sample of undergraduate students who attended a public university in the northeast U.S. Results from the cross-sectional design revealed that lower detachment and higher antagonism conceived by the DSM-5's dimensional model of pathological personality traits, as well as lower pain of paying (the anticipated negative affect associated with spending one's money), predicted greater compulsive buying. Results from the experience sampling design indicated that higher antagonism was related to increased spending preoccupation, and that greater interpersonal conflict was related to both greater spending behavior and increased spending preoccupation. Finally, results revealed a moderation effect for detachment and academic load on spending behavior such that those who were high in detachment and reported a lower academic load engaged in more spending habits. Results are discussed in terms of how pathological personality traits and spending habits are impacted by interpersonal constructs that influence spending habits.
Single-Sample Prophet Inequalities Revisited.

The study of the prophet inequality problem in the limited information regime was initiated by Azar et al. [SODA'14] in the pursuit of prior-independent posted-price mechanisms. As they show, $O(1)$-competitive policies are achievable using only a single sample from the distribution of each agent. A notable portion of their results relies on reducing the design of single-sample prophet inequalities (SSPIs) to that of order-oblivious secretary (OOS) policies. The above reduction comes at the cost of not fully utilizing the available samples. However, to date, this is essentially the only method for proving SSPIs for many combinatorial sets. Very recently, Rubinstein et al. [ITCS'20] give a surprisingly simple algorithm which achieves the optimal competitive ratio for the single-choice SSPI problem $-$ a result which is unobtainable going through the reduction to secretary problems. Motivated by this discrepancy, we study the competitiveness of simple SSPI policies directly, without appealing to results from OOS literature. In this direction, we first develop a framework for analyzing policies against a greedy-like prophet solution. Using this framework, we obtain the first SSPI for general (non-bipartite) matching environments, as well as improved competitive ratios for transversal and truncated partition matroids. Second, motivated by the observation that many OOS policies for matroids decompose the problem into independent rank-$1$ instances, we provide a meta-theorem which applies to any matroid satisfying this partition property. Leveraging the recent results by Rubinstein et al., we obtain improved competitive guarantees (most by a factor of $2$) for a number of matroids captured by the reduction of Azar et al. Finally, we discuss applications of our SSPIs to the design of mechanisms for multi-dimensional limited information settings with improved revenue and welfare guarantees.
Justice Michael A. Musmanno and Obscenity (1956-1967)

This article reviews the opinions of Associate Justice Michael A. Musmanno of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court on the topic of obscenity which he detested.