cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The New M.S.W. Supervisor: Problems of Role Transition

Moving into the role of agency supervisor presents problems in adaptation for newly trained M.S.W. supervisors. This process is examined within a framework of role identification and transition, di...
Faro Shuffles and the Chinese Remainder Theorem

(2007). Faro Shuffles and the Chinese Remainder Theorem. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 283-289.
Field evaluation of the NOVA Celltrak 12 hematology analyzer.

An evaluation of the NOVA Celltrak 12 was performed over a 6-week period. Precision, linearity, carryover, and reproducibility of values compared favorably to manufacturers' claims. The correlation was performed using the Coulter S Plus VI as the reference instrument and yielded coefficients of correlation for measured parameters of greater than .98 with the exception of RDW at r = .84, MCV at r = 0.96, and MPV at r = .92. Three-part differential information and an expanded flagging system affords increased clinical information and trouble-shooting guides. The three-part differential information compared favorably with that of the Coulter S Plus VI with lymphocyte percentage r = .96, granulocyte percentage r = .94, and monocyte percentage r = .50. We conclude that this instrument performed well in a clinical setting.
The Documentary Films of José Gómez Sicre and the Pan American Union Visual Arts Department

During the 1960s and 1970s, the Visual Arts Department of the Pan American Union, headquarters of the Organization of American States (OAS) in Washington, D.C., produced nearly fifty 16mm documenta...
Quantification of critical care medicine: An ICU survey.

Background The shortage in intensivist workforce has been long recognized but no solution has been identified. Meanwhile, fellowships in pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM) are expanding, other critical care medicine (CCM) programs are contracting. No explanation exists for this contradictory trend, although understanding contributory factors may lead to a solution for the shortage. The fundamental difference between PCCM and other CCM programs lies in the residency training of trainees. We tested the hypothesis that the nature of CCM practice determines its attractiveness to potential candidates. Methods A questionnaire-based survey was administered recording all daily activities in four different kinds of ICUs at two teaching hospitals one was public, and one was private. Activities were categorized into conventional CCM, respiratory, medical, and surgical interventions. Results The average daily census was 17.6 ± 6.6. Across two MICU, one trauma/surgical and one cardiothoracic ICU the average daily activity ranged from 152 to 203 of these CCM formed 27%-36%, respiratory 10%-13%, medical 43%-59%, and surgical 1%-15%. The combination of medical and respiratory interventions represented >50% of daily activities among all the ICUs. Conclusions Quantitative description of ICU activities indicates that the majority of the ICU daily practice relies on medical and respiratory interventions, which may explain why PCCM remains popular.
In Situ Geochronology on Mars and the Development of Future Instrumentation

We review the in situ geochronology experiments conducted by the Mars Science Laboratory mission's Curiosity rover to understand when the Gale Crater rocks formed, underwent alteration, and became exposed to cosmogenic radiation. These experiments determined that the detrital minerals in the sedimentary rocks of Gale are ∼4 Ga, consistent with their origin in the basalts surrounding the crater. The sedimentary rocks underwent fluid-moderated alteration 2 Gyr later, which may mark the closure of aqueous activity at Gale Crater. Over the past several million years, wind-driven processes have dominated, denuding the surfaces by scarp retreat. The Curiosity measurements validate radiometric dating techniques on Mars and guide the way for future instrumentation to make more precise measurements that will further our understanding of the geological and astrobiological history of the planet.
Meaning mediates the association between suffering and well-being

Three studies (N = 2,858) examined the relationship between suffering, meaning in life and well-being. In Study 1, participants wrote about an experience of suffering and completed self-report meas...
Gut microbiome in serious mental illnesses: A systematic review and critical evaluation

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with debilitating psychiatric and cognitive dysfunction, worse health outcomes, and shorter life expectancies. The pathophysiological understanding of and therapeutic resources for these neuropsychiatric disorders are still limited. Humans harbor over 1000 unique bacterial species in our gut, which have been linked to both physical and mental/cognitive health. The gut microbiome is a novel and promising avenue to understand the attributes of psychiatric diseases and, potentially, to modify them. Building upon our previous work, this systematic review evaluates the most recent evidence of the gut microbiome in clinical populations with serious mental illness (SMI). Sixteen articles that met our selection criteria were reviewed, including cross-sectional cohort studies and longitudinal treatment trials. All studies reported alterations in the gut microbiome of patients with SMI compared to non-psychiatric comparison subjects (NCs), and beta-diversity was consistently reported to be different between schizophrenia and NCs. Ruminococcaceae and Faecalibacterium were relatively decreased in BD, and abundance of Ruminococcaceae was reported across several investigations of SMI to be associated with better clinical characteristics. Lactic acid bacteria were relatively more abundant in SMI and associated with worse clinical outcomes. There was very limited evidence for the efficacy of probiotic or prebiotic interventions in SMI. As microbiome research in psychiatry is still nascent, the extant literature has several limitations. We critically evaluate the current data, including experimental approaches. There is a need for more unified methodological standards in order to arrive at robust biological understanding of microbial contributions to SMI.
Is religiousness a form of variation in personality, or in culture, or neither? Conceptual issues and empirical indications:

It has become widely recognized that religiousness has a predictable pattern of small associations with Big Five personality dimensions, and has some intersections with cultural psychology. But jus...
The grid: The fraying wires between Americans and our energy future: by Gretchen Bakke, New York: Bloomsbury, 2016, 364 pp.

When the public electrical grid is performing its intended function properly, electricity consumers are disinclined to give it very much thought at all. The wires and substations that carry electri...
Approaches to Reducing Risk in Rhytidectomy Surgery

Please verify edit, "complications could". All operations have sequelae. These are to be expected and must be told to patients. With surgery, the risk of complications is ever-present albeit infrequent. Facelift surgeons have ethical and intellectual duties to fully inform patients of these risks. Surgeons also must have strategies to reduce the risks, knowledge in how to manage each potential risk, and ability to help patients understand how complications could have occurred and how to cope with them. This article discusses facelift complications, the causes thereof, and how to assess a problem, manage each complication, and comfort a distraught patient.
Physical Geography of the Hawaiian Islands

Abstract The Hawaiian archipelago consists of an expansive chain of islands situated almost in the center of the Pacific Ocean, formed by the northwest movement of the Pacific tectonic plate over a volcanic hotspot where magma rises through the earth's mantle until it erupts through the seafloor. These islands range from small atolls in the northwest of the archipelago, to high volcanic islands in the southeast of the archipelago. The Hawaiian archipelago has an abundant range of biomes due to extreme variations in elevation, and variations in wind and rain patterns, topography, substrate, and hydrology. The archipelago's remote location in the vast Pacific Ocean also contributes to its physical geography. Each island and atoll has unique physical and biological features. Here we focus on the physical features of the Hawaiian archipelago.
Phase Control of Nanocrystalline Inclusions in Bioprecipitated Titania with a Panel of Mutant Silica-Binding Proteins

The biomimetic route to inorganic synthesis presents an opportunity to produce complex materials with superior properties under ambient conditions and from nontoxic precursors. While there has been significant progress in using solid-binding peptides (SBPs), proteins, and organisms to produce a variety of inorganic and hybrid structures, it has been more challenging to understand the interplay of solution conditions and solid-binding peptide (SBP) sequence, structure, and self-association on synthetic outcomes. Here, we show that fusing the Car9 silica-binding peptide-but not the silaffin-derived R5 peptide-to superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) enhances the ability of micromolar concentrations of protein to induce rapid titania (TiO2) precipitation from acidified solutions of tetrakis(di-lactato)-oxo-titanate (TiBALDH). TiO2 is produced stoichiometrically and although predominantly amorphous, contains nanosized anatase and monoclinic TiO2(B) inclusions. Remarkably, the phase of these nanocrystallites can be tuned from about 80% TiO2(B) to about 65% anatase by using Car9 mutants impaired in their ability to drive the formation of higher-order sfGFP-Car9 oligomers. Our results suggest that the presentation of multiple basic side chains in an extended plane formed by SBP self-association is critical to template the formation of monoclinic crystallites and underscore the subtle influence that single or dual substitutions in dodecameric SBPs can exert on the yield and crystallinity of biomineralized inorganics.
Twelfth IEEE ECCE Delivers Cutting-Edge Virtual Conference

For the safety and well-being of the participants, this year the in-person IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE2020) was not held in Detroit due to the continued resurgence of COVID-19 in the city and the State of Michigan. Instead, the organizing committee of the twelfth ECCE moved the conference to a fully virtual event from 11-15 October, 2020. The event was sponsored by the IEEE Power Electronics Society (PELS) and Industry Applications Society (IAS), and the exhibiting vendors ROHM Semiconductor, EGSTON, How2Power.com, OPAL-RT, ON Semiconductor, and Wiley.
The revised suicide crisis inventory (SCI-2): Validation and assessment of prospective suicidal outcomes at one month follow-up.

Abstract Background and Aim The Suicide Crisis Syndrome (SCS) is an evidence-based pre-suicidal cognitive and affective state predictive of short-term suicide risk. The most recent SCS formulation, proposed as a suicide-specific DSM diagnosis, features a feeling of Entrapment accompanied by four additional symptom clusters: Affective Disturbance; Loss of Cognitive Control; Hyperarousal; and Social Withdrawal. The aim of the present study was to revise the Suicide Crisis Inventory (SCI; Barzilay et al., 2020 ), a self-report measure assessing the presence of the SCS,in accordance with the current SCS formulation, as well as to assess the psychometric properties and clinical utility of its revised version, the Suicide Crisis Inventory—2 (SCI-2). Methods The SCI-2, a 61-item self-report questionnaire, was administered to 421 psychiatric inpatients and outpatients at baseline. Prospective suicidal outcomes including suicidal ideation, preparatory acts, and suicidal attempts were assessed after one month. Internal structure and consistency were assessed with confirmatory factor analysis, convergent, discriminant, and current criterion validity. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves with Area under the Curve (AUC) were used to examine the predictive validity of the SCI-2 to prospective outcomes. Exploratory analyses assessed the predictive validity of the five SCI-2 dimensions. Results The SCI-2 demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.971), good convergent, discriminant, and current criterion validity. The SCI-2 significantly predicted all three outcomes, and was the only significant predictor of suicidal attempts with AUC = 0.883. Discussion The results of this study indicate that the SCI-2 is a valid and reliable tool to assess the presence and intensity of the Suicide Crisis Syndrome and to predict short-term prospective suicidal behaviors and attempts among psychiatric outpatients and inpatients regardless of patients’ readiness to disclose suicidal ideation.
Excess liver transplant waitlist mortality for patients with primary biliary cholangitis under MELD-Na allocation

Background Historically, patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) experience waitlist mortality and low rates of liver transplant (LT). Herein, the impact of MELD-Na based allocation on PBC waitlist mortality was examined. Methods Adult patients with PBC were compared to those with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) listed for LT from 2013-2019 in OPTN. Competing risk regression evaluated waitlist mortality in the MELD and MELD-Na eras using propensity score weights. Results Overall, 1508 patients with PBC, 13581 with ALD, and 10455 with NASH were examined. In the MELD-Na era, 24-month cumulative incidence of waitlist mortality for PBC was 23.0% (95%CI 19.7-26.5%), ALD 13.9% (95%CI 13.1-14.8%), and NASH 20.0% (95%CI 18.9-21.2%). Using propensity score weights, adjusted risk of waitlist mortality was higher for PBC versus ALD (HR = 1.45, 95%CI 1.22-1.71) and NASH (HR = 1.32, 95%CI 1.14-1.55). Furthermore, among PBC, waitlist mortality risk per five-point elevation in MELD-Na (HR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.11-1.35) and Karnofsky score ≤30% (HR = 2.02, 95%CI 1.39-2.92) was significantly higher than among ALD (HR = 1.08, 95%CI 1.04-1.13; HR = 1.28, 95%CI 1.10-1.49) and NASH (HR = 1.05, 95%CI 1.00-1.09; HR = 1.16, 95%CI 0.99-1.37; all p-interactions Conclusions The MELD-Na score continues to underestimate risk of waitlist death for patients with PBC relative to ALD and NASH and highlights need for additional score modifications or exceptions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Re-evaluation of the Oligosaccharide Sequence Associated with Ovalbumin

Abstract A glycosyl asparagine unit, Asn-(GlcNAc)2(Man)1, was isolated from ovalbumin by proteolytic and glycosidase digestion. The terminal disaccharide d-Man (1 → 4)-GlcNAc, released by an endoglycosidase partially purified from chitinase, was shown by optical rotatory dispersion, infrared analysis, and gas chromatography to possess the characteristics of a β-mannosidic linkage. The chemical data thus confirm the enzyme studies which demonstrated the specific cleavage of this bond by a hen oviduct β-mannosidase (Sukeno, T., Tarentino, A. L., Plummer, T. H., Jr., and Maley, F. (1971) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 45, 219). The endoglycosidase also hydrolyzed the parent ovalbumin glycosyl asparagine unit, Asn-(GlcNAc)4(Man)6, to Asn-GlcNAc and the oligosaccharide (Man)6(GlcNAc)3. Smith degradation verified the presence of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine on the reducing end of the oligosaccharide with the mannosyl units linked to C4, or C3 and C4. These results suggest, in contrast to previous findings, that the polymannosyl unit of the ovalbumin oligosaccharide is associated with the distal and not the proximal end of di-N-acetylchitobiose.
Guiding sensor-node deployment over 2.5D terrain

We propose a novel distributed deployment algorithm for sensor networks whose nodes reside upon and are obstructed by 2.5D terrain. Our algorithm optimizes area coverage by computing cumulative visibility over terrain. Through simulation and comparison to centralized algorithms, we demonstrate that our distributed algorithm achieves good results and degrades gracefully with reduced internode communication. To the best of our knowledge, our distributed deployment algorithm is the first use of a distributed simulated annealing algorithm for sensor network deployment. In addition, to our knowledge, this is the first time range-limited cumulative visibility is used to guide sensor deployment over 2.5D terrain. Our results show that a centralized Simulated Annealing algorithm outperforms Pattern Search and Gradient Ascent approaches. Results also show that our version of Distributed Simulated Annealing performs well, degrading gracefully as communication radius is reduced.
Estudio de componentes de un modelo de motivación en la enseñanza presencial y online

Resumen es: Introduccion. El Modelo de Motivacion Academica MUSIC lleva consigo componentes psicologicos (empoderamiento, utilidad, exito, interes y cuidado) que la ...
Rare Gas Holgen Lasers and Photochemical Applications

The development of rare gas halogen (RGH) lasers in the pulse discharge configuration has greatly increased the potential for their applications in photochemical experiments. Table I summarizes the energy and power presently available from a small scale device developed at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. This device has a nominal length of 100 cm, an active volume of about 100 cc, and operates at 1 Hz using uv preionization for stabilization of the main discharge. Further details of the device are given in references [1,2].
Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α Is Essential for Renal Dysfunction and End-Organ Damage Associated With Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension

Background The kidney plays an important role in regulating blood pressure (BP). cPLA2α in the kidney is activated by various agents including angiotensin II (Ang II) and selectively releases arachidonic acid (AA) from tissue lipids, generating pro- and antihypertensive eicosanoids. Since activation of cPLA2α is the rate-limiting step in AA release, this study was conducted to determine its contribution to renal dysfunction and end-organ damage associated with Ang II-induced hypertension. Methods cPLA2α(+/+) and cPLA2α(-/-) mice were infused with Ang II (700 ng/ kg/min) or its vehicle for 13 days. Mice were placed in metabolic cages to monitor their food and water intake, and urine was collected and its volume was measured. Doppler imaging was performed to assess renal hemodynamics. On the 13th day of Ang II infusion, mice were sacrificed and their tissues and blood collected for further analysis. Results Ang II increased renal vascular resistance, water intake, and urine output and Na(+) excretion, decreased urine osmolality, and produced proteinuria in cPLA2α(+/+) mice. Ang II also caused accumulation of F4/80(+) macrophages and CD3(+) T cells and renal fibrosis, and increased oxidative stress in the kidneys of cPLA2α(+/+) mice. All these effects of Ang II were minimized in cPLA2α(-/-) mice. Conclusion cPLA2α contributes to renal dysfunction, inflammation, and end-organ damage, most likely via the action of pro-hypertensive eicosanoids and increased oxidative stress associated with Ang II-induced hypertension. Thus, cPLA2α could serve as a potential therapeutic target for treating renal dysfunction and end-organ damage in hypertension.
Cell Culture in Bioengineering-Working on 3-Dimensional Culture and Ink-Jet Printing: Regenerative Medicine (RM)

Cell culture in TE is three-dimensional (3-D) while classical seeding of the cells constituted monolayer. This was limitation that was bridged by inventing tissue scaffolds and using the knowledge on the cell growth parameters and influences. Scaffolds are supportive materials, biocompatible and usually biodegradable and bioresorbable after its function once is finalized. They do have different surfaces and holes which enable cells to move through and establish contact activation and contact inhibition stimulating growth and differentiation supported by molecules of extracellular matrix that are in cell media. Combining cells with scaffolding materials to generate functional tissue constructs describes tissue engineering at its most basic level. However, understanding and manipulating the complex relationship between the cells and the scaffolding materials, represents the great challenge for tissue engineers (Figs. 21.1 and 21.2).
Growth and Nutritive Value of Perennial C3 Grasses in the Southern Great Plains

Spring and fall gaps in forage production systems utilizing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) forage in the southern Great Plains have led to an interest in additional resources such as C 3 perennial grasses. We evaluated the potential of nine cool-season perennial grass entries to fill the gap in forage production and nutritive value through the fall and spring seasons over 3 yr in Oklahoma. Yield of dry matter and crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) concentrations were regressed on days to determine daily changes. Following excellent growth in the spring of the establishment year, yields in the fall were less and declined markedly in 1997. Spring growth achieved the minimum amount of forage (1100 kg ha ―1 ) for good animal productivity, with most exceeding 2500 kg ha ―1 by 1 February in the first 2 yr. In general, nutritive value (CP and IVOMD) declined with maturity, but most entries were adequate through March each year, but seldom exceeded minimum requirements for 1 kg steer gain d ―1 . When herbage was sequentially removed (staged), subsequent regrowth was not different due to month of staging through March of each year, after which yield was significantly reduced. When fall moisture was adequate for wheat pasture, wheat yield and nutritive value were higher than any perennial grass, but when moisture was limited, yields of wheatgrasses (Thinopyrum spp.) generally exceeded those of wheat.
Field observation of fluid circulation patterns in a normal fault system

[1] Faults are often assumed to be either barriers or conduits for subsurface fluid flow, although they may act as both, depending on the hydraulic architecture of the fault and the direction of flow with respect to the fault plane. Here we use high-resolution (5 × 5 m spacing) ground temperature measurements to track geothermal discharge in the step-over region of an active echelon normal fault in southeast Oregon. Our analysis demonstrates that the fault acts as a combination conduit-barrier system and reveals complex, 3-dimensional circulation patterns in the area of the fault step-over. Although complex flow circulation patterns are likely to be present in most fault-controlled flow systems, they are generally neglected in conceptual and numerical models. Improved understanding of this aspect of subsurface fluid flow is essential for developing better models of fault hydrology.
On controllability of a non-homogeneous elastic string with memory

Abstract We are motivated by the problem of control for a non-homogeneous elastic string with memory. We reduce the problem of controllability to a non-standard moment problem. The solution of the latter problem is based on an auxiliary Riesz basis property result for a family of functions quadratically close to the nonharmonic exponentials. This result requires the detailed analysis of an integro-differential equation and is of interest in itself for Function Theory. Controllability of the string implies observability of a dual system.
Zen and zen philosophy of language: A soteriological approach

Scholars' views on the role of language in the Zen Buddhist tradition have recently diverged in two opposite directions. One is the traditional claim that Zen is at odds with language and Zen enlightenment is an experience of a linguistically pure state; the other is the relatively newer claim that language has played a pivotal role in the development of Zen tradition and Zen enlightenment is nothing more than a mastery of a particular monastic language game. These two seemingly contradictory claims about the role of language in Zen Buddhism as either a search for a non-linguistic state or a mastery of a specific linguistic system do not have to be mutually exclusive as they seem to be at first glance. Within Zen literature and the school's historical development, one finds the unmistakable coexistence of contradictory claims about language and written texts. For example, even though Zen Buddhism has declared from the very inception of the school that Zen enlightenment is characterized by a separation from language, each time such a claim was made, Zen neutralized its position on language with counterbalancing statements which discharge language from the accusation of being an obstacle to enlightenment. Also, despite the claim that Zen is a special transmission outside Buddhist scriptures and written texts, Zen Buddhism has produced a tradition fully decorated with sophisticated Zen literature throughout its history. What this suggests to me is that there might be a different realm in the Zen
Preoperative Left Ventricular Peak Systolic Pressure/End-Systolic Volume Ratio and Functional Status Following Valve Surgery in Patients With Mitral Regurgitation and Enlarged End-Systolic Volumes

This study was done to determine if the left ventricular (LV) peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volume (PSP/ ESV) ratio predicts symptomatic improvement with valve replacement or repair in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) and an enlarged LV ESV. Patients with MR and LV ESV 30 ml/m2 is heterogeneous. The LV PSP/ESV ratio, an easily acquired measure of LV performance, may discriminate those who improve with valve surgery from those who do not. Accordingly, in 40 patients (15 men and 25 women, aged 14 to 74 years) with moderate or severe MR, no other cardiovascular abnormalities, and a LV ESV >30 ml/m2, we assessed the utility of clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic variables routinely measured preoperatively to predict symptomatic improvement with valve replacement or repair. Of the 40 subjects, 3 died during or within 6 months of surgery. Six months after valve surgery, symptoms had improved in 34 patients, were unchanged in 1, and had worsened in 2. By univariate analysis, only the preoperative pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was predictive of a change in functional class (p = 0.05). The PSP/ESV ratio was not predictive of a change in functional class after valve surgery. Thus, the PSP/ESV ratio does not identify which patients with MR and an enlarged LV ESV will manifest symptomatic improvement with valve surgery.
Current outcomes of the Norwood operation in patients with single-ventricle malformations other than hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Background:Subsequent to increased experience with the Norwood operation in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), its application has expanded to allow palliation of single-ventricle (SV) malformations other than HLHS. We describe current palliation outcomes in this group of SV patients.Methods:Between 2002 and 2012, 65 of the 303 Norwood operations were performed in non-HLHS SV patients. Competing risk analysis modeled events after Norwood and after subsequent Glenn and examined risk factors affecting outcomes.Results:Competing risk analysis showed that one year following Norwood, 24% of patients had died or received transplantation, 72% had undergone Glenn, and 4% were alive awaiting Glenn/Kawashima. Five years following Glenn, 9% of patients had died, 68% had undergone Fontan, and 23% were alive awaiting Fontan. Overall seven-year survival following Norwood was 68%. On multivariable analysis, mortality risk factors were unplanned cardiac reoperation (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.0 [1.5-10.6], P...
Career Development and Opportunities for Students Who Study Environmental Education

ABSTRACT:Students and teachers of environmental education frequently do not know what career opportunities and career development options are available in their field. This article is designed to help environmental educators guide their students to a more realistic approach to developing their career options. The materials presented include both periodicals and telephone job-banks that list career vacancies and books that describe career options and explain how to prepare for them.
In situ characterization of interfacial and bulk properties of lithium polymer batteries using 4-probe DC techniques

The use of transient and steady-state 4-probe techniques for the evaluation of the limitations to performance in solid-state electrochemical devices is described. The application of sequential, bipolar square-wave current pulses to a solid polymer cell with two internal reference electrodes allows separation of the polarization behavior of the various components of the cell, and indicates the rate limiting processes in the cell. Careful design of the experimental cell and appropriate selection of current pulse width allows evaluation of fundamental kinetic and transport properties, as well as activation parameters. Steady state constant-current measurements using 4-probe cells allows in situ observation of interface stability and/or polarization as a function of time as the cell is cycling.
The intermediate energy X-ray beamline at the APS

Abstract The optical design of the Intermediate Energy X-ray (IEX) beamline at the APS has been optimized to study emergent phenomena via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSXS). Driven by the scientific requirements of these two techniques the beamline consists of two separate branchlines sharing the same source, heat absorbing optics and monochromator, but each having its own refocusing optics. The ARPES branch is optimized for a very high “resolving power” and a small spot at the sample; whereas, the RSXS branch is designed for high flux and a low beam divergence at the sample. The very high “resolving power” in the ARPES branch is achieved by using a monochromator which consists of a plane mirror and a variable line spacing grating that focuses the beam at all photon energies. A flux higher than 10 10 photons/s at a “resolving power” better than 5×104 will be available at the sample position of the ARPES beamline on a spot size (FWHM) smaller than 21 × 4 μ m 2 (hor.×ver.) for photon energies between 250 and 1660 eV. A second grating will increase the flux by more than a factor of 10 at a “resolving power” of 104. The flux expected at the RSXS branch for energies between 250 eV and 1900 eV is higher than 4×1012 photons/s at “resolving power” around 2.5×103. The expected spot in this branch is sub-millimeter and the beam divergence is less than 0.3 mrad (FWHM).
Analysis of dynamic policies

The paper considers the problem of modeling and analyzing dynamic policies in Trust Management Systems. It presents a general frame work and a specification language FCTL for specifying properties in such systems. Various important security properties such as simple safety, liveness, role containment can all be elegantly specified in this logic. It presents upper and lower bounds for checking classes of formulas specified in this logic for dynamic systems specified in the RT"0 Role based Trust Management System.
Syntheses and Characterizations of Insecticidal Sucrose Esters

New types of sucrose esters have been synthesized and shown to be potent insecticides against sweet potato whiteflies. On the basis of the structures of natural sucrose esters isolated from various Nicotiana species and which were shown to be potent whitefly insecticides, it was decided to synthesize similar sucrose esters. Specific conditions were worked out for the reaction of acid chloride with sucrose to yield a series of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraacyl sucroses. As the active sucrose esters of Nicotiana species contain mainly heptanoic and octanoic acids esterified to sucrose, C6−C12 aliphatic acid sucrose esters were prepared. Capillary gas chromatography of their TMS derivatives showed that distinct groups of isomers were produced. Separation by silicic acid chromatography produced fractions containing individual groups of monoacyl sucroses, diacyl sucroses, triacyl sucroses, etc. Evaluations of individual groups of the C6−C12 acid sucroses showed that diheptanoyl sucroses, dioctanoyl sucroses, and...
The origin of bioluminescence.

Abstract— Primitive luciferases evolved in order to utilize oxygen directly as an electron acceptor at the low oxygen concentrations of the primitive atmosphere. This provided a major selective advantage in the ability to metabolize aromatic molecules and n-alkanes. These strongly exergonic reactions produce product molecules in electronically excited states, from which light emission is possible. The low-level luminescence observed from microsomal extracts, from the action of leukocytes on phagocytized bacteria and from rapidly growing tissues is ascribed to these same exergonic hydroxylase reactions, or to the release during these reactions of superoxide radicals which can initiate chemiluminescent reactions. Bioluminescence is a later secondary adaptation of this oxygenase reaction to signaling for sex, food or escape. The similarity of the reaction pathways is shown in the three bioluminescent systems from which the substrates and products have been identified.
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in the post-anesthesia recovery unit

Abstract Introduction Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES or “pseudoseizures”) remain an obscure topic in the peri-operative setting. They are sudden and time-limited motor and cognitive disturbances, which mimic epileptic seizures, but are psychogenically mediated. Pseudoseizures occur more frequently than epilepsy in the peri-operative setting. Early diagnosis and management may prevent iatrogenic injury. Case 48 year-old female with a history of depression and “seizures” presented for gynecologic surgery. She described her seizure history as “controlled” without anticonvulsant therapy. The patient underwent uneventful general anesthesia and recovered neurologically intact. During the first two postoperative hours, the patient experienced 3 episodes of seizure-like activity with generalized shaking of extremities and pelvic thrusting; her eyes were firmly closed. No tongue biting or incontinence was noted. The episodes lasted approximately 3 min each, one of which resolved spontaneously and the other two following intravenous lorazepam. During these episodes, the patient had stable hemodynamics and adequate ventilation such that endotracheal intubation was deemed unwarranted. Post-ictally, the patient was neurologically intact. Computed axial tomography of the head, metabolic assay, and electroencephalogram showed no abnormalities. A presumptive diagnosis of PNES was made. Discussion Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures mimic shivering, and should be considered early in the differential diagnosis of postoperative shaking, as they may be more likely than epilepsy in this setting. Pseudoseizure patterns include asynchronous convulsive episodes lasting more than 90 s, forced eye closure with resistance to opening, and retained pupillary responses. Autonomic manifestations such as tachycardia, cyanosis and incontinence are usually absent. A psychiatric background is common. Knowledge and correct diagnosis of pseudoseizures is of great importance for anesthesiologists to prevent morbidity and iatrogenic injury such as respiratory arrest caused by anticonvulsant therapy, in addition to the risks associated with endotracheal intubation and prolonged hospital stays. The diagnosis of pseudoseizures must be thoroughly documented and relayed in transfer of care to avoid misdiagnosis and iatrogenic complications. Treatment recommendations are anecdotal; psychiatric interventions are the hallmark of treatment. Anesthetic recommendations include techniques involving the minimum required short-acting agents, along with high levels of peri-operative psychological support and reassurance.
Modeling for Intergroup Comparisons of Imaging Data

Intergroup comparisons pose unique challenges in the analysis of functional imaging data. Imperfections in intersubject stereotaxis can give rise to artifactual results and make it particularly important to allow for intersubject differences in task-related changes when formulating statistical models. Because intergroup comparisons generally involve inferences about the populations from which the subjects were drawn rather than inferences about the particular subjects themselves, subjects must be treated as random rather than fixed effects in the statistical model. These requirements, when combined with the need to adjust for multiple spatial comparisons, result in low statistical power when the number of subjects in each group is small. Functional imaging studies to identify differences between groups generally require many more subjects than other types of functional imaging studies and require careful advance planning to maximize the likelihood of reaching meaningful conclusions.
Thermal decomposition of some dihalotetramminecobalt(III) nitrates

Abstract The thermal decomposition of some dihalotetramminecobalt(III) nitrates [tetrammire =(NH 3 ) 4 , (NH 3 ) 2 (en), (NH 3 )(dien), (en) 2 , (pn) 2 , (trien), etc.] with different degrees of chelation was studied by various thermoanalytical techniques. A partial oxidation—reduction was observed for these complexes above 200°C which was indicated by a rapid TG mass-loss and a large exothermic DTA peak. A relative order thermal stability is reported.
Whose nature of science

Science education literature explicitly and implicitly advocates basic tenets (criteria) for “the nature of science.” The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the science education tenets are also held by philosophers of science (those who study purported tenets of science), and furthermore, to reveal possible related philosophical positions underpinning differences in responses among the philosophers. The philosophers of science expressed significant disagreements with the tenets, and different philosophers of science varied on their views about the tenets. In addition, relationships were found among the philosophers' views of the nature of science, their views of philosophy of space, and with their philosophy of science in general. Therefore, the tenets that are advocated as basic criteria for science education's “the nature of science” must be reconsidered so that more accurate criteria may be developed for future nature of science research. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 34: 39–55, 1997.
Ultra-long magnetic nanochains for highly efficient arsenic removal from water

The contamination of drinking water with naturally occurring arsenic is a global health threat. Filters that are packed with adsorbent media with a high affinity for arsenic have been used to de-contaminate water - generally iron or aluminium oxides are favored materials. Recently, nanoparticles have been introduced as adsorbent media due to their superior efficiency compared to their bulk counter-parts. An efficient nanoadsorbent should ideally possess high surface area, be easy to synthesize, and most importantly offer a high arsenic removal capacity. Achieving all the key features in a single step synthesis is an engineering challenge. We have successfully engineered such a material in the form of nanochains synthesized via a one step flame synthesis. The ultra-long γ-Fe2O3 nanochains possess high surface area (151.12 m2 g-1), large saturation magnetization (77.1 emu g-1) that aids in their gas phase self-assembly into long chains in an external magnetic field, along with an extraordinary arsenic removal capacity (162 mg.g-1). A filter made with this material exhibited a relatively low-pressure drop and very little break-through of the iron oxide across the filter.
Secretory Phospholipase A2 Inhibition Attenuates Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Human Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells

Background Esophageal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy, with most patients succumbing to metastatic disease. The presence of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in these cancer cells contributes to their metastatic potential. The ICAM-1 production in other cell types is stimulated by the actions of phospholipase enzymes. We hypothesize that inhibition of the enzyme secretory phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2 ), which contributes to the growth potential of normal esophageal mucosa and esophageal cancer cells, may attenuate ICAM-1 production and nuclear factor-kappa beta activation in human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Methods The FLO-1 verified human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells were treated with 5-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-4S-(7-phenylheptanoylamino) pentanoic acid, a specific inhibitor of group IIa sPLA 2 (5 μM, 10 μM, and 15 μM doses), followed by tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulation (20 ng/mL). Cells and medium were collected and analyzed by immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance with the Fisher's least significant difference post-hoc test. Results Treatment with sPLA 2 inhibitor attenuated total cellular ICAM-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner ( p 2 inhibitor treatment ( p p 2 inhibition attenuated nuclear factor-kappa beta activation dose-dependently ( p Conclusions Esophageal adenocarcinoma has significant metastatic potential, and inhibiting its metastasis would significantly advance the treatment of this disease. We demonstrate here that treatment of human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells with sPLA 2 inhibitor attenuates the expression of ICAM-1, a marker of metastatic potential, and nuclear factor-kappa beta activation, suggesting a common pathway between the two. These findings identify inhibition of sPLA 2 as a potential therapeutic target for esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Measurement of imaging properties of scintillating fiber optic plate

Scintillating Fiber Optic Plates (SFOP) or Fiber Optic Scintillator (FOS) made with scintillating fiber-glass, were investigated for x-ray imaging. Two different samples (T x W x L = 2cm x 5cm x 5cm) were used; Sample A: 10μm fibers, Sample B: 50μm fibers both with statistically randomized light absorbing fibers placed in the matrix. A customized holder was used to place the samples in close contact with photodiodes in an amorphous silicon flat panel detector (AS1000, Varian), typically used for portal imaging. The detector has a 392μm pixel pitch and in the standard configuration uses a gadolinium oxy-sulphide (GOS) screen behind a copper plate. X-ray measurements were performed at 120kV (RQA 9 spectrum), 1MeV (5mm Al filtration) and 6MeV (Flattening Filter Free) for Sample A and the latter 2 spectra for Sample B. A machined edge was used for MTF measurements. The measurements showed the MTF degraded with increased X-ray energies because of the increase in Compton scattering. However, at the Nyquist frequency of 1.3lp/mm, the MTF is still high (FOS value vs. Cu+GOS): (a) 37% and 21% at 120kVp for the 10μm FOS and the Cu+GOS arrays, (b) 31%, 20% and 20% at 1MeV and (c) 17%, 11% and 14% at 6MeV for the 10μm FOS, 50μm FOS and the Cu+GOS arrays. The DQE(0) value comparison were (a) at 120kV ~24% and ~13 % for the 10μm FOS and the Cu+GOS arrays (b) at 1MV 10%, 10% and 7% and (c) at 6MV 12%, ~19% and 1.6% for the 10μm FOS , 50μm FOS and Cu+GOS arrays.
Towards a continuum of scholarship : the eventual collapse of the distinction between grey and non-grey literature

This paper argues that the distinction between grey and non-grey (or white) literature will become less relevant over time, as online discovery options proliferate. In the meantime, the political success of the open access publishing movement has valuable lessons for proponents of increasing access to grey literature.
Modified Barcat Balanic Groove Technique for Hypospadias Repair: Experience with 295 Cases

AbstractPurpose: We reviewed the results of a large series of hypospadias repairs (311) using the modified Barcat balanic groove technique.Materials and Methods: All patients who underwent modified Barcat repair with closure of the divergent corpus spongiosum were included in our study and were seen or contacted for postoperative followup.Results: Of 295 patients available for followup 94 percent had excellent cosmetic results. The fistula rate after primary repair was 5 percent for a glanular or coronal meatus and 18 percent for a penile meatus, and meatal stenosis was rare. After secondary repair complications were common in patients with a penile meatus.Conclusions: The Barcat technique allows anatomically superior glans reconstruction in distal hypospadias repair. Fistula rates can be reduced by tissue coverage of the neourethra.
The reading abilities and practices of older adults

Despite increased attention to understanding reading among adults, the reading processes and activities of older (i.e., elderly) adults remain relatively unknown. There are several existing research needs regarding older adults’ reading skills and activities. These include understanding the characteristics of avid older adult readers and how changes in cognitive skills associated with aging affect reading activities. Also, assessment issues related to the development of appropriate measures of adults’ reading skills, interests, and attitudes are discussed. Finally, issues regarding the treatment effects of interventions aimed at enhancing the reading activities of older adults are discussed with regard to developing optimal learning environments. This article also discusses why it is important to understand older adults’ reading skills, examines recent relevant research, and considers implications for research and practice regarding older adults’ reading skills and everyday activities.
Response of lactating cows to three supplemental fat sources as affected by forage in the diet and stage of lactation: a meta-analysis of literature

Research on fat supplementation has demonstrated that the production response of dairy cows to supplemental fats is highly variable, both among and within fat sources. Differential responses to dietary fats that have been observed when feeding the same type of fat to cows fed different basal diets suggests fat by diet interactions occur. A summary of the available literature on the effects of fat supplementation on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and composition and nutrient digestion in dairy cattle since 1980 was performed. Fat sources examined were tallow, calcium salts of palm fatty acids (CaS), and selected hydrolyzed tallow fatty acids (SHTFA). Responses of lactating dairy cows to increased levels of added fat were evaluated as affected by fat source and the main forage in the basal diet. Effect of stage of lactation on the response to fat supplementation was also examined. Decreased DMI and modest milk yield increases occurred for the fat sources evaluated. Different responses to supplemental fats were observed depending on the main forage in the basal diet. Feeding tallow with diets high in corn silage decreased DMI and milk fat yield, with no effect on milk production. However, a moderate positive milk production response was observed when tallow was fed with alfalfa-based diets or diets with corn silage and alfalfa in similar proportions. Supplemental SHTFA resulted in moderate positive milk fat percentage and yield response, regardless of the main forage in the basal diet. A significant positive milk yield response was observed when CaS was fed with diets high in corn silage, but not with alfalfa-based diets or diets with alfalfa and corn silage in similar proportions. An interaction between stage of lactation and amount of supplemental fat was observed, with supplemental fat increasing milk production of early lactation cows but not that of mid lactation cows, where milk fat depression occurred. Interactions between fat type and characteristics of the basal diets must be identified in order to predict the production responses of dairy cows to supplemental dietary fats.