cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of supravalvular aortic stenosis. Report of 16 cases and review of literature.

Summary The surgical experience with 16 patients with congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis has been reviewed, as was the literature. Fourteen patients had localized stenosis. In this group of cases, there were no deaths, and 13 patients had a good result. Two patients had diffuse supravalvular aortic stenosis. One died after attempted repair; and, in the case of the other, the gradient was not diminished after repair. Perhaps operation should be avoided when the supravalvular stenosis is diffuse. Pathologically, two basic forms of supravalvular aortic stenosis occur (localized and diffuse), thickening of the intima and hypertrophy of the media are evident in the stenotic region, and abnormalities of the aortic cusps are present in at least one third of the cases. Clinically, angina and syncope are the commonest symptoms and the systolic blood pressure is often higher in the right arm than in the left. Surgically, partial resection of the stenotic ridge and application of a patch graft is generally the best technique. We would like to thank Drs. Owings W. Kincaid and George D. Davis, of the Section of Roentgenology, for their help. Also, we would like to thank Dr. Regina Gluck of Old Westbury, New York, for supplying us with the postoperative catheterization data for Case 9.
Perpetrators of Abusive Head Trauma

The identity of abusers and their relationship to victims was studied by reviewing medical charts of 151 head injured children, aged 24 months or younger, seen at the Children’s Hospital, Denver, CO from Jan 1982 - Jan 1994.
A 40 nm 16-Core 128-Thread SPARC SoC Processor

This fourth generation UltraSPARC T3 SoC processor implements sixteen 8-threaded SPARC cores to double on-chip thread count and throughput performance over its previous generation. It enhances glueless scalability to enable up to 512 threads in a 4-way system. A 16-Bank 6 MB L2 Cache, a 512 GB/s hierarchical crossbar and a 312-lane SerDes I/O of 2.4 Tb/s support the bandwidth required by the large number of threads. This SoC processor integrates the memory controller, PCIE 2.0, 10 Gb Ethernet ports, and required cache coherency support in multi-chip configurations. Multiple clock and power domains are used to optimize performance and power for the SoC components. Extensive power management features, from architecture to circuit techniques, optimize both active and idle power. The 377 die includes 1 billion transistors in a flip-chip ceramic package with 2117 pins. The chip is fabricated in TSMC's 40 nm high-performance process with 11 Cu metals and four transistor types.
The Role of Biomarkers in Detection of Cardio-toxicity

The goal of this paper is to review the current literature on the role of biomarkers in the detection and management of patients with cardio-oncologic disease. The role of biomarker surveillance in patients with known cardiac disease, as a result of chemotherapy or with the potential to develop cardio-toxicity, will be discussed. In addition, the studies surrounding sub-clinical cardiac toxicity monitoring during therapy, identification of high-risk patients prior to therapy, and tailoring oncologic therapies to potential biomarker risk profiles are reviewed. Based on evidence, to date, troponin and natriuretic peptides have the greatest potential to detect sub-clinical cardiac dysfunction and even tailor therapy to prevent progression based on biomarker profiles. Finally, future directions for potential utilization of novel biomarkers for the improvement of care of patients in the field of cardio-oncology are discussed.
The Terrorism of ‘Counterterrorism’: The Use and Abuse of Anti-Terrorism Law, The Case of Ethiopia

Since its enactment on July 2009, Ethiopia’s anti-terrorism proclamation was/is at the very center of almost every political discourse in the nation. Many dissidents fall into its trap and by day its effect is becoming more far-reaching and resonating. The widely written provisions of the law make it susceptible to misapplication and prone to abuse. Whilst the state is staunchly firing back to the detractors of the law and its mis(application), however, it doubled down its implementation by every new day. This paper, after examining one hundred twenty three terrorism charges against nearly one thousand individuals―in a sixty-six months period of time―concludes that: Ethiopia’s anti-terrorism law is a colossal failure for counterterrorism, which only exemplifies how not to counter terrorism.
LINEAR STABILITY OF THE THERMAL FLUX IN A REFLECTED CORE CONTAINING XENON AND TEMPERATURE REACTIVITY FEEDBACK

The stability of the thermal flux in a reflected slab reactor due to xenon and temperature reactivity feedback is investigated using perturbation theory. A reactor with spatially constant fuel, equilibrium flux, and materials in the core is examined under various reactivity feedback situations. Stability criteria are given along with associated oscillation periods for the condition of neutrally stable equilibrium, i.e., continuous oscillation of the perturbed flux. The conditions for interaction of the xenon and temperature reactivity feedback are shown for both long and short temperature delay; the effect of delayed neutrons being considered when appropriate. A cosine fuel distribution is found to be necessary to give spatially constant equilibrium flux and this cosine fuel model is shown to predict slightly more stable conditions than the flat fuel model. Coupling of the first two (even or odd) excited modes is shown to occur (for a constant power density model) in large, high flux reactors, leading to more unstable conditions than with no coupling. (auth)
Primaries in Square

Primaries in Square is a dress and cloak ensemble that uses simple shapes and minimal-waste pattern cutting to sustainably celebrate the productive tension between control and chaos. The primaries -- blue, yellow and red -- were created using Indigofera tinctoria (indigo), Curcuma longa (turmeric), and Rubia tinctorum (common madder) and applied to silk charmeuse and dupioni (both 19mm), with the latter two dyes applied to silk mordanted with aluminum potassium sulfate at 6% owf. The design pays homage to complex simplicity by using primary colors derived from plants and applying colors to simple shapes like squares and rectangles. Stream of consciousness surface design was created through batikaction painting, and combined with mokume shibori, a more controlled stitched resist technique. Surface design techniques disrupt basic shapes and colors to add aesthetic complexity and to conceptually remind us of the water used and often abused in textile production.
A Quick Trip Through Elementary Mathematics: Anything you can do I can do better

This chapter explores various parts of mathematics in the order in which they are usually introduced in school, starting from grade-school arithmetic and running through advanced mathematics. Grade-school arithmetic means the study of numbers—integers, fractions, decimals, and complex numbers—but not symbols. Grade-school arithmetic consists of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation by integers. Integers can be factored into prime factors quickly if they are not too large. There are three kinds of number types that are available in Mathematica: integers, rationals, and real numbers. Three complex types of numbers exist, namely, Gaussian integers, Gaussian rationals, and complexes. One of the main strengths of Mathematica lies in its facilities for symbolic manipulation of mathematical expressions involving symbolic constants and variables. College mathematics means calculus to most people, and that is what most people expect symbolic computation programs to do. The ultimate test of a symbolic computation program is how it deals with differential equations.
High-Resolution Light-Field Microscopy

We report a high-resolution light-field microscopy (LFM) system using a focused optical design. The system has been characterized both numerically and experimentally. 3D volumetric imaging of cellular structures has been demonstrated.
Capacity of the EM Covert/Side-Channel Created by the Execution of Instructions in a Processor

The goal of this paper is to answer how much information is “transmitted” by the execution of particular sequence of instructions in a processor. Introducing such a measure would provide quantitative guidance for designing programs and computer hardware that minimizes inadvertent (side channel) information leakage, and would also help detect parts of a program or hardware design that have unusually high leakage (i.e., were designed to function as covert channel “transmitters”). To answer this question, we propose a new method to estimate the maximum information leakage through EM signals generated by the execution of instructions in a processor. We start by deriving a mathematical relationship between electromagnetic side-channel energy of individual instructions and the measured pairwise side-channel signal power. Then, we use this measure to calculate the transition probabilities needed for estimating capacity. Finally, we propose a new method to estimate side/covert channel capacity created by the execution of instructions in a processor and illustrate our results in several computer systems.
How the United States Cope with the Challenge of Immigration

The US, often described as a nation of immigrants, has a history of immigration policy that reaches back several centuries. The country went through different phases of welcoming and even being in need of immigrants and their labor, to drastically restricting immigration. Currently, immigration is one of the most discussed subjects in the US, not only by policy makers, but by the media, and the population. One salient question is how to secure the borders. By borders it is usually referred to the Southern border with Mexico, the border many politicians and a large proportion of the US population is most eager to completely control. This task however has proven to be a difficult one. Another question is if borders can be controlled. Previously implemented strategies and their outcomes as well as their sometimes unforeseen consequences dominate the debate. Questionable is what effects immigration has on the US and who profits from it. Contrary to the widely spread assumption that immigration mainly entails negative consequences for the recipient county, this research finds that the US as a recipient country benefits vastly from immigration and even relies on it to some extent (Haensel and Garcia-Zamor, 2016b).
Genetic Algorithms for TTRS tolerance analysis

This paper describes a computational tool for TTRS tolerance analysis that makes use of a Genetic Algorithm approach. The Technologically and Topologically Related Surfaces (TTRS) concept represents and classifies part surfaces and mechanical assemblies. We show results for examples with position and orientation tolerances that suggest that a Genetic Algorithm approach can provide an effective means for tolerance analysis.
Purdue Statistics: A Journey Through Time

Since its modest inception as the Statistical Laboratory in 1947, the Department of Statistics, Purdue University has grown to one of the largest and most diverse in the country supported by a distinguished list of alumni, outstanding contributions in research, and major advances in statistical education. Its current (2011) size of 62 faculty, 125 graduate students, and almost 400 undergraduate students reflects its commitment to developing statistical sciences research for the present and the future, and to providing high quality education to students, both in statistics and in other disciplines. Historically, the Department of Statistics at Purdue University has been an important center for diverse areas of statistical research. Its strong presence in probability, theory, and education set the stage for its expansion in the mid-1990s. As the field of statistics expanded to include many interdisciplinary areas that require specialization (statistical genetics and bioinformatics, computational finance, machine learning, etc.), Purdue Statistics engaged in an aggressive program of hiring well-prepared faculty with diverse backgrounds who are playing leading roles in the development of the field as it expands its scope. Today Purdue Statistics stands strong as the highest ranked department in the College of Science at Purdue University, and is enjoying its place among the top ranked departments in the United States.
Behavioral Health Care in the Management of Chronic Pain

The health care system has long been plagued by difficult and persistent problems. Recently, it has been suggested that a major problem facing health care professionals is the lack of follow through with treatment regimens; it is claimed that as much as 85% of chronic health problems are partially the result of noncompliance with therapeutic and preventive treatments (Sackett & Haynes, 1976). It is not surprising, then, that behavioral psychologists specializing in enhancing treatment compliance (e.g., Steger, Shelton, Beukelman, & Fowler, 1981) have begun to appear more frequently in the constellation of health care providers, especially where long-term and chronic problems are being treated. Psychologists have successfully applied behavioral and environmental contingency models in treating such health care problems as life-style adjustment following severe disability (Treischmann, 1979), cardiac complications (Engel, 1973), pulmonary dysfunction secondary to smoking (Lichtenstein, Harris, Birchler, Wahl, & Sehmahl, 1973; Pomerleau & Pomerleau, 1977), and hypertension (Elder & Eustis, 1975; Haynes, Gibson, Hockett, Sackett, Taylor, Roberts, & Johnson, 1976).
Audio Classification for Blackfoot Language Analysis

Blackfoot is an endangered Native American language. It is important to document this language and with it, the Blackfoot culture. In this paper, an effective subspace-based concept mining framework (SCM) is used to help Blackfoot language analysis via audio classification. The core of SCM is a subspace based modeling, classification and decision fusion mechanism which is applied to the audio features for pattern discovery. It adaptively selects non-consecutive principal dimensions to form an accurate modeling of a representative subspace based on statistical information analysis and refines the training data set via self-learning. After the classification process, a decision fusion process is applied to traverse the results from individual classifiers and to boost classification accuracy.
Pharmacological Treatment of Internet Addiction

The increasing number of Internet users has resulted in an increased population percentage affected by the negative effects of problematic Internet usage. To date, the management of psychopathological Internet use is not supported by extensive empirical research. No standard clinical treatment protocols for pharmacological treatment exist, and as a result, empirical or anecdotal assessments based on case studies are mainly consulted. A relevant problem in performing clinical trials is the evolving nosology, which encompasses ambiguous definitions of Internet addiction and a diversity of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic criteria. The aim of this chapter is to review the current literature, to assess the extent to which specific pharmacological interventions (e.g., using antidepressants, mood stabilizers, opioid receptor antagonists, or antipsychotics) can alleviate the symptomatic burden in patients with “Internet addiction.” We also explore pharmacological interventions that target patterns of comorbidity and underlying psychopathological dimensions (e.g., addiction, impulsivity, obsessive-compulsive spectrum, bipolar spectrum, dissociation, etc.) shared with other behavioral or substance addictions.
CEO cognitive complexity, acquisitions, and survival: Evidence from the recent financial crisis

The 2007-2008 financial crisis marked a significant macroeconomic event in the U.S. and across the globe. As the financial industry experienced significant consolidation during the crisis, many financial institutions failed to survive the crisis. This historical context provides a great opportunity to examine why and how some firms survive a major economic crisis while others do not. I propose that heterogeneity in organizational outcomes during a crisis may be attributed to firms’ different acquisition strategies during and prior to the crisis, which can be further attributed to their managerial differences, i.e., CEOs’ levels of cognitive complexity. A series of analyses of 463 financial firms and their CEOs suggests that CEOs’ cognitive complexity played a significant role in shaping their firms’ acquisition activities prior to the crisis (what I label the ‘precondition’), setting a strong ground for subsequent acquisitions during the crisis (a ‘snowball effect’), which eventually influenced their surv...
Changes in ephrin gene expression during bone healing identify a restricted repertoire of ephrins mediating fracture repair

To identify the repertoire of ephrin genes that might regulate endochondral bone fracture repair, we examined changes in ephrin ligand and receptor (Eph) gene expression in fracture callus tissues during bone fracture healing. Ephrin and Eph proteins were then localized in the fracture callus tissues present when changes in gene expression were observed. Ephrin gene expression was widespread in fracture tissues, but the repertoire of ephrin genes with significant changes in expression that might suggest a regulatory role in fracture callus development was restricted to the ephrin A family members Epha4, Epha5 and the ephrin B family member Efnb1. After 3 weeks of healing, Epha4 fracture expression was downregulated from 1.3- to 0.8-fold and Epha5 fracture expression was upregulated from 1.2- to 1.5-fold of intact contralateral femur expression, respectively. Efnb1 expression was downregulated from 1.5- to 1.2-fold after 2 weeks post-fracture. These ephrin proteins were localized to fracture callus prehypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts, as well as to the periosteum and fibrous tissues. The observed positive correlation between mRNA levels of EfnB1 with Col10 and Epha5 with Bglap, together with colocalized expression with their respective proteins, suggest that EfnB1 is a positive mediator of prehypertrophic chondrocyte development and that Epha5 contributes to osteoblast-mediated mineralization of fracture callus. In contrast, mRNA levels of Epha4 and Efnb1 correlated negatively with Bglap, thus suggesting a negative role for these two ephrin family members in mature osteoblast functions. Given the number of family members and widespread expression of the ephrins, a characterization of changes in ephrin gene expression provides a basis for identifying ephrin family members that might regulate the molecular pathways of bone fracture repair. This approach suggests that a highly restricted repertoire of ephrins, EfnB1 and EphA5, are the major mediators of fracture callus cartilage hypertrophy and ossification, respectively, and proposes candidates for additional functional study and eventual therapeutic application.
The Work of Pierre-Louis Lions

Pierre-Louis Lions has made unique contributions over the last fifteen years to mathematics. His contributions cover a variety of areas, from probability theory to partial differential equations (PDEs). Within the PDE area he has done several beautiful things in nonlinear equations. The choice of his problems has always been motivated by applications. Many of the problems in physics, engineering and economics when formulated in mathematical terms lead to nonlinear PDEs; these problems are often very hard. The nonlinearity makes each equation different. The work of Lions is important because he has developed techniques that, with variations, can be applied to classes of such problems. To say that something is nonlinear does not mean much; in fact it could even be linear. The entire class of nonlienar PDEs is therefore very extensive and one does not expect an all-inclusive theory. On the other hand, one does not want to treat each example differently and have a collection of unrelated techiques. It is thus extremely important to identify large classes that admit a unified treatment.
The effects of low-dose radiation on articular cartilage: a review

Articular cartilage is a specialized connective tissue, predominately composed of water, collagen, and proteoglycans, that provides a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation in joints. It has long been considered radioinsensitive and therefore unaffected by exposure to radiation in medical settings. Due to the increased amount of yearly radiation exposure through radiotherapy and ionizing radiation diagnostic procedures, there has been a renewed interest in how radioinsensitive articular cartilage actually is. Despite this renewed interest, the majority of these studies do not focus on articular cartilage as their primary goal, but rather, have observed the effects of total body irradiation. Since many of these studies do not report the type of irradiation used, the rate of exposure, or use consistent models, there are inconsistencies in these studies, which make comparing and translating the results difficult. Previous literature reviews have found less than 60 studies discussing the effects of radiation on articular cartilage and its components both in vitro and in vivo. However, despite the inconsistencies, these reviews and studies have drawn the same overall conclusion that this research needs to be continued and broadened in order to make a consistent conclusion on the radioinsensitivity of articular cartilage. Therefore, the goal of this review is to categorize and summarize current findings in literature discussing the effects of radiation on articular cartilage.
Effects of Air Pollution on Health

Anatomy and physiology of the lungs as a basis of understanding effects of inhaled pollutants.
Refactoring the Curiosity Rover's Sample Handling Architecture on Mars

The Curiosity Mars rover sample handling hardware and software were architected assuming that end-to-end sampling operations would occur in a single rover position, from acquisition of a powdered sample with a scoop or drill, through to the cleaning out of all sample residue in the sample chain. However, after analysis of the first drilled samples in Yellowknife Bay, the science team wanted to iterate with additional experiments on Mars and in laboratories on Earth to better understand their results and increase the value of science returned. With the architecture as conceived, the time needed to do so was in direct competition with the exploration of other targets and satisfaction of success criteria during the prime mission. The science team desired the capability to “cache” the sample for future use while continuing progress towards mission objectives by driving away and maintaining use of the robotic arm for contact science. Allowing sample to move about freely in this state risked hardware damage, ending the ability to deliver sample using the nominal path. In this paper we present the approaches that were developed to repurpose some of the sampling hardware into a series of caches and catchments that reduced this hardware risk to a level acceptable during the prime mission. This approach presented new challenges for rover planners, who had to learn to command the robotic arm using new routines that were too complicated to manage without assistance. The rover planner Software Simulation (“SSim”) was updated to track the turret gravity vector and sample state, generating an execution error or breakpoint as constraints were violated. Sample from the Cumberland drill target was cached for over 9 months, facilitating a number of scientific discoveries. As data accumulated and the mission transitioned into extended operations, the cached sample capability evolved to significantly simplify operations and reduce overhead.
Could Genetic Enhancement Really Lead to Obsolescence

Sparrow (2019) supposes, for the sake of argument, that CRISPR and related gene-editing technologies will lead to rapid and continuous enhancement of human capacities through genetic modifications....
Higher Education Publication and Institutional and National Diversity.

Educational scholarship is used by practitioners, policy makers, and scholars to shape educational practices. Since education takes place across the globe and incorporates students from a wide vari...
Systematic Review of the Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Among Kidney Transplant Patients.

Introduction Kidney transplant (Ktx) recipients are excluded from clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors among Ktx patients. Methods A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database from inception through April 2019. We included studies that reported outcomes of Ktx recipients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment. Outcomes of interest were allograft rejection and/or allograft failure. Results Twenty-seven articles with a total of 44 Ktx patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor were identified. Of 44 Ktx patients, 18 were reported to have acute rejection. Median time from immune checkpoint inhibitors to acute rejection diagnosis was 24 (interquartile range, 10–60) days. Reported types of acute allograft rejection were cellular rejection (33%), mixed cellular and antibody-mediated rejection (17%), and unspecified type (50%). Fifteen (83%) had allograft failure and 8 (44%) died. Three patients had a partial remission (17%), 1 patient achieved cancer response (6%), and 5 patients had stable disease (28%). Conclusion The findings of our study raise awareness of the increased risk for acute allograft rejection/failure following immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment among Ktx patients, in particular with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors. Future large-scale clinical studies are required to appraise the pathogenesis and plan optimal balanced therapy that helps sustain graft tolerance.
Convolutional Recurrent Machine Learning for OSNR and Launch Power Estimation: A Critical Assessment

Using waveforms from three distinct stages of signal demodulation, we assess performance, computational efficiency, and benefits of using convolutional recurrent neural networks to simultaneously and independently estimate OSNR and launch power within a multi-channel system.
Crossover Position Drives Chromosome Remodeling for Accurate Meiotic Chromosome Segregation

Summary Interhomolog crossovers (COs) are a prerequisite for achieving accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis [ 1 , 2 ]. COs are not randomly positioned, occurring at distinct genomic intervals during meiosis in all species examined [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. The role of CO position as a major determinant of accurate chromosome segregation has not been previously directly analyzed in a metazoan. Here, we use spo-11 mutants, which lack endogenous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), to induce a single DSB by Mos1 transposon excision at defined chromosomal locations in the C. elegans germline and show that the position of the resulting CO directly affects the formation of distinct chromosome subdomains during meiotic chromosome remodeling. CO formation in the typically CO-deprived center region of autosomes leads to premature loss of sister chromatid cohesion and chromosome missegregation, whereas COs at an off-centered position, as in wild type, can result in normal remodeling and accurate segregation. Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DSBs lead to the same outcomes, and modeling of IR dose-response reveals that the CO-unfavorable center region encompasses up to 6% of the total chromosome length. DSBs proximal to telomeres rarely form COs, likely because of formation of unstable recombination intermediates that cannot be sustained as chiasmata until late prophase. Our work supports a model in which regulation of CO position early in meiotic prophase is required for proper designation of chromosome subdomains and normal chromosome remodeling in late meiotic prophase I, resulting in accurate chromosome segregation and providing a mechanism to prevent aneuploid gamete formation.
Soil sampling for nitrate in late spring

Iv GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organization 2 CHAPTER 1. SOIL SAMPLING FOR NITRATE WITHIN SMALL PLOTS OF SEEMINGLY UNIFORM SOIL 3 INTRODUCTION 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 10 REFERENCES 26 CHAPTER II. FIELD SAMPLING FOR NITRATE IN IOWA CORNFIELDS 33 INTRODUCTION 33 MATERIALS AND METHODS 36 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 39 REFERENCES 53 GENERAL SUMMARY 62 APPENDIX 64 ACKNOWLEGEMENTS 95
The feature and treatment of kidney stones and acute renal failure in children associated with infant formula adulterated with melamine

Objective To explore the feature and the optimal treatment of kidney stones in children associ-ated with infant formula which had been aduherated with melamine.Method Total of 47 cases of urinary stone and 31 cases of acute renal failure caused by urinary multiple obstruction in children associated with infant formula which had been adulterated with mlelamine in Beijing Children's Hospital University of Medical Science,form Jan-uary to November,2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Infant formula which had been adultemted with melamine may lead to kindey stones in 15 days.The mean age was 11-month and the ratio of male to female was 2.6:1.The kindey stones were usually multiple and mostly located either in the ureteropelvic junction or all through the ureter.In the view of the renal function resuming duration,there was no statistic difference among the acute renal failure group,operation group and the conservative group(P=0.683～0.846).In children with uri-nary obstruction and acute renal failure,hemedialysis or peritoneal dialysis was performed.83.9%were relieved by posting catheter through panedoseope and blood purification.100% of the patients resumed normal renal func-tion.81.3% of the patients without acute renal failure had recovered after conservative therapies such as infusion.Conclusions The patients associated with infant formula which had been adulterated with melamine were Usually little infants.Male were more vulnerable than female.Most of them had recovered smoothly and the renal function resumed normal after effcient therapies. Key words: Children; Melamine; Urinary stone; Acute renal failure
Trends in the traditional cardiothoracic surgery resident operative experience for cardiac cases: An analysis of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case logs

Abstract Objective To determine whether the changing cardiac landscape has affected traditional cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) resident case volume, particularly cardiac case volume. Methods The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) case logs for traditional CTS residents from 2016 to 2019 were reviewed. Using linear and nonlinear regression, trends in the annual volume and proportion of CTS operations were examined. Results Overall, the average number of total and category-specific CTS resident cases have increased from 2016 to 2019. However, in general, the proportion of thoracic surgery cases has been increasing, and the proportion of cardiac surgery cases has been decreasing. In particular, the proportion of coronary atherosclerosis (-0.2546 per 100 cases/year; P Conclusions The overall CTS resident operative experience has increased over the last several years, with cardiac cases increasing more slowly than thoracic cases. The analysis reveals that cardiac operative volume has been asymmetrically allocated to cardiac track residents, indicating a greater specialization of the tracks. Annual evaluation of CTS resident case volume will provide essential insight into the field.
Combined effect of chromaticity and feedback on transverse head-tail instability

The resonant interaction of a bunched particle beam with short-range wakefields is the cause of head-tail instability, which is a major limitation for single-bunch beam intensity in circular accelerators. There are several processes that suppress this type of instability, such as fast chromatic damping and Landau damping due to machine nonlinearity. Beam-based feedback systems (transverse dampers) provide active suppression of the beam oscillations. The combined effect of the transverse dampers and chromaticity is discussed in this article. A brief overview of theoretical and experimental studies of the head-tail instability and its mitigation is presented. Results of experimental studies of the transverse mode coupling carried out at National Synchrotron Light Source-II are compared with the theoretical model.
Under-communication and the Empathy Gap: The Price Leaders Pay for Not Sharing Enough

Managers can miscalibrate their communication—either communicating too much or too little with their subordinates. We propose that such miscalibration reflects a strong bias toward under-communicat...
A two-tier Arabic offline handwriting recognition based on conditional joining rules

In this paper we present a novel approach for the recognition of offline Arabic handwritten text motivated by the Arabic letters' conditional joining rules. A lexicon of Arabic words can be expressed in terms of a new alphabet of PAWs (Part of Arabic Word). PAWs can be expressed in terms of letters. The recognition problem is decomposed into two problems to solve simultaneously. To find the best matching word for an input image, a Two-Tier Beam search is performed. In Tier One, the search is constrained by a letter to PAW lexicon. In Tier Two, the search is constrained by a PAW to word lexicon. The searches are driven by a PAW recognizer. Experiments conducted on the standard IFN/ENIT database [6] of handwritten Tunisian town names show word error rates of about 11%. This result compares to the results of the commonly used HMM based approaches.
Using the Arts and Computer Animation to Make Chemistry Accessible to All in the Twenty-First Century

The twenty-first century is truly the century of science and technology. If we will not make science and technology accessible to all, we will form a two-class society, divided not by royalty or economic status, but by knowledge of science and technology. It is our tenet in life that science education is a human right that belongs to all. Therefore, it is essential that we employ every method possible to make chemistry accessible to all in the twenty-first century [1, 2]. A Chinese proverb states: “I hear and I forget; I see and I remember; I do and I understand.” At the Science Institute, Columbia College Chicago, we believe strongly in this proverb, and we incorporate visualization and art in the teaching of chemistry. Students remember and understand abstract chemistry concepts best by creating their own artistic projects. Through this process, students take an active role in the learning process, instead of only being passive observers. The students can produce visualization projects using the media of their choice, from computer animation (High Tech) to dance and drama (No Tech). These projects are used as an alternative assessment method where the evaluation is done in a constructive way by the whole class and not just by the instructor. This method has been proven successful with undergraduate students, with science teachers, and with middle and high school students. Many institutions in the USA and around the world have adopted this method.
Development of a microcomputer system for verbal interaction analysis

Verbal interaction analysis has been demonstrated to be a valuable procedure for research on temporal, noncontent variables in dyadic interviews. Temporal variables include durations of utterance, reaction time latency, initiative time latency, and overlap, which are recorded for both parties in the interview. Instruments for the measurement of these variables have been both complex and expensive. An Apple II microcomputer is programmed to record the four temporal variables in verbal interaction analysis, providing a portable, less expensive, and convenient instrument.
Epidermal growth factor reduces hepatic sequelae in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis.

Background and Aim: Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal disease of premature infants. We recently demonstrated that the gut/liver axis plays an important role in the pathophysiology of NEC through the release of inflammatory mediators into the intestinal lumen. We have also shown that supplementation of formula with epidermal growth factor (EGF) dramatically decreases ileal pathology associated with experimental NEC. In this study, we examined the effects of EGF on the liver portion of the gut/liver axis in the neonatal rat model of NEC. Methods: Newborn rats were divided into three experimental groups, NEC, hand-fed with growth-factor free formula; NEC + EGF, hand-fed with formula supplemented with 500 ng/ml rat EGF; or DF, dam fed. All animals were exposed to asphyxia and cold stress twice daily for 4 days to develop NEC. Results: EGF receptor expression was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased in the NEC + EGF group compared to the NEC group. EGF supplementation significantly decreased Kupffer cell numbers (p ≤ 0.01) as well as hepatic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin-18 production (p ≤ 0.05). Further, TNF-α in the intestinal luminal contents of the NEC + EGF group were normalized to levels observed in DF controls compared to the NEC group (p ≤ 0.05). Activated nuclear factor-ĸB was also substantially decreased in the NEC + EGF group versus the NEC group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that EGF normalizes cytokine overproduction in the liver of neonatal rats with NEC, which contributes to diminished intestinal damage during the development of experimental NEC. These data suggest that supplementation of formula with EGF can have beneficial effects on the gut/liver axis during NEC pathogenesis.
Orthopaedic Injuries in Children With Nonaccidental Trauma: Demographics and Incidence From the 2000 Kids' Inpatient Database

The purpose of this study was to examine the demographic and injury characteristics of children hospitalized with nonaccidental trauma as a causative factor using a large national database. Of the nearly 2.5 million cases in the database, 1794 (0.1%) were identified through diagnostic coding of abuse. Both sexes were equally represented, and two thirds had Medicaid as their primary payer. About one half of the children were younger than 1 year, but all ages were represented. The most common orthopaedic injuries were fractures of the femur or humerus, and most of those fractures occurred in children younger than 2 years. The most common nonorthopaedic injuries were contusions and brain injuries, with or without skull fracture, and 62 (3.5%) of the abused children died; almost all deaths were associated with brain trauma. Nearly one half of the abused hospitalized children between the ages of 3 and 20 years had a concomitant psychiatric or neurological condition. These data provide the orthopaedic surgeon with additional information to assist in identification of potential cases of nonaccidental trauma. In addition to presence of long bone fractures in infants and toddlers, older children with concomitant psychiatric or neurological conditions presenting with nonaccidental injuries should be assessed for possible abuse.
Acute and chronic renal effects of radiocontrast in diabetic rats. Role of anesthesia and risk factors.

The acute and chronic renal effects of the intravenous injection of meglumine diatrizoate sodium 76% (CM), 5 mL/kg body weight were studied in diabetic (DM) and age-matched normal (C) female Sprague-Dawley rats. In acute studies, the effect of anesthesia was assessed for 2 hours. Although anesthesia decreased 14C-inulin clearance (Cin) in both DM and C rats (P less than .001 vs. conscious values), there was no impairment of Cin in either group after administration of CM. In chronic studies, creatinine clearance (Ccr) was followed for 3-4 days after CM administration. Four protocols to assess risk factors in DM and C were used: adult rats with normal hydration (2A); old dehydrated rats with DM of long duration (2B); rats with prior decreased Ccr (remnant kidney, 2C); and DM rats treated with insulin (2D). No clear-cut nephrotoxicity was apparent in these studies, except that proteinuria increased with CM in Study 2C. A greater severity of renal dysfunction, renal disease, or the association of multiple risk factors may be necessary to induce CM-related nephrotoxicity in the experimental animal. The rat, diabetic or not, may have an inherent resistance to CM-induced renal injury.
Aromatic hydrocarbon-carbonium ion molecular complexes

Molecular complexes of aromatic hydrocarbons and carbonium ions are described according to Mulliken's donor — acceptor theory. Estimations of electron affinities of several cations are deduced from charge-transfer transition energies and the indepently measured electron affinity of the tropylium ion.
Microstructural analysis by high-voltage electron diffraction of severely drawn iron wires

Transverse sections of Fe-0.007 wt pct C wires drawn to true strains up to In(D o/D)2= 6 were examined by transmission electron microscopy at 800 kV, using bright-field and selected-area diffraction. The size of the area selected (0.1 μm) enabled single-crystal diffraction patterns to be obtained from individual cells in the substructure. Because of the characteristic (110) bec wire texture, nearly all the diffraction patterns were (110), so it was possible to describe completely the relative misorientations of individual cells in groups of up to 50 contiguous cells with an accuracy of about 0.5 deg. In this way, maps were drawn showing the size, shape, crystallographic orientation, and grouping of the cells. These maps illustrate the development of the cellular substructure at large deformations as it evolves from many, slightly misoriented crystallites in the initially large grains (at strains of unity and less) to a much smaller number of strongly misoriented, fibrous subgrains in each severely elongated grain (at strains above 4). The trend is toward pure (110) tilt boundaries of very large misorientation and one cell per grain at the highest strains. It is necessary to consider both the slip distance (which is probably greater than the average cell size) and the forest-dislocation density (represented by the cell walls cut by the glide dislocations) in order to characterize the microstructure Jflow-stress relationship.
Role of Copper and Homocysteine in Pressure Overload Heart Failure

Elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy) (known as hyperhomocysteinemia HHcy) are involved in dilated cardiomyopathy. Hcy chelates copper and impairs copper-dependent enzymes. Copper deficiency has been linked to cardiovascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that copper supplement regresses left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), fibrosis and endothelial dysfunction in pressure overload DCM mice hearts. The mice were grouped as sham, sham + Cu, aortic constriction (AC), and AC + Cu. Aortic constriction was performed by transverse aortic constriction. The mice were treated with or without 20 mg/kg copper supplement in the diet for 12 weeks. The cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and electrocardiography. The matrix remodeling was assessed by measuring matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and lysyl oxidase (LOX) by Western blot analyses. The results suggest that in AC mice, cardiac function was improved with copper supplement. TIMP-1 levels decreased in AC and were normalized in AC + Cu. Although MMP-9, TIMP-3, and LOX activity increased in AC and returned to baseline value in AC + Cu, copper supplement showed no significant effect on TIMP-4 activity after pressure overload. In conclusion, our data suggest that copper supplement helps improve cardiac function in a pressure overload dilated cardiomyopathic heart.
Stability of emotions for traumatic memories in acute and chronic PTSD.

While memory for central factual information regarding an emotional event is considered to be relatively accurate, memory for emotions seem to be quite inaccurate (Christianson & Safer, 1995). We extended this line of research to examine memory for the emotional intensity surrounding a traumatic event (e.g., memory for the fear and horror of the event). We conducted a series of two studies. In Study 1, we examined memory for the emotional intensity of the traumatic event in recent sexual or non-sexual assault victims with acute PTSD at 2 and 12 weeks following the assault. In Study 2, we compared memory for emotional intensity in sexual and non-sexual assault victims with either acute or chronic PTSD at initial assessment and 12 weeks later. For both studies, participants were asked to recall general emotional intensity, fear intensity, and dissociative intensity of the traumatic event. Results suggested that memory for the fear of the traumatic event did not fluctuate over time. However, memory for the general emotional and dissociative intensity did fluctuate over time, decreasing for individuals with acute PTSD and increasing for individuals with chronic PTSD.
Effects of 137Cs γ Irradiation on Cognitive Performance and Measures of Anxiety in Apoe−/− and Wild-Type Female Mice

Abstract Acevedo, S. F., McGinnis, G. and Raber, J. Effects of 137Cs γ Irradiation on Cognitive Performance and Measures of Anxiety of Apoe−/− and Wild-Type Female Mice. Radiat. Res. 170, 422–428 (2008). Mice deficient in apoE (Apoe−/−) can be used to assess the potential role of apoE in the effects of cranial irradiation on hippocampal function. Radiation-induced impairments in hippocampal function may be more pronounced in female Apoe−/− mice and more pronounced in mice irradiated and tested cognitively later in life. To assess this possibility, female wild-type and Apoe−/− mice were irradiated at 6 months of age with 10 Gy 137Cs γ rays and tested cognitively 3 months later. Sham-irradiated wild-type female mice showed enhanced hippocampal-dependent novel location recognition compared to sham-irradiated Apoe−/− female mice. However, cranial irradiation impaired novel location recognition similarly in both genotypes. Cranial irradiation also impaired hippocampal-dependent spatial memory retention similar...
A telemetering hydrophone

Abstract This report describes a deep, telemetering hydrophone which transmits its information acoustically through the water to a surface vessel. The instrument has the advantage of requiring no electrical cable to the ship and, being self-contained, may be quickly hung on any suitable supporting line or wire. Alternatively, any type of inexpensive single-conductor cable of sufficient strength, such as oil-well logging cable, may be used to replace the acoustic link for some purposes if desired.
The Circulation of the High Troposphere over China in the Winter of 1945–46

The paper studies the structure of the high troposphere over China in the autumn of 1945 and winter of 1945–46. The principal feature is the existence of two belts of maximum westerlies, one flowing around the southern and the other around the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The southern jet stream (the main one) is extremely stationary in position. Its speed increases downstream beyond the edge of the Asiatic continent. The onset of this southern jet stream is abrupt in the middle of October over central and southwestern China and advances downstream at a speed of about 3° longitude per day. South of this main jet stream is a belt of extremely uniform absolute vorticity which is zero in December and January. In spite of the existence of zero absolute vorticity the circulation above 15,000 feet is strikingly stable. Below 10,000 feet is the regular procession of warm troughs and cold ridges. Comparison with the conditions along 76° E and the east coast of United States has also been made. The difference in the structure of the basic current along the east coasts of the two continents suggests an explanation of the observed formation of winter typhoons off the Chinese coasts versus the non-existence of such storms in the Caribbean Sea in the cold season. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1950.tb00329.x