cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lateral patellar retinacular release

Forty-one lateral knee retinacular releases were per formed in 33 patients over a 27-month period. This group represented 6.9% of patients seen during that time with symptomatic patellalgia. A retrospective analysis was done on 24 patients from that group who returned for follow-up examination 8 to 16 months after surgery. Thirty-three knees in these patients were operated upon by one of the authors and as sessed independently by the other author.Eighteen females and six males had surgery at an average age of 18 years (range 13 to 32). All patients had at least three months of supervised, nonoperative management that emphasized flexibility and static strengthening of the quadriceps and hamstrings.The preoperative history of injury, pain pattern, and pseudolocking were evaluated. Roentgenograms were checked for patella alta. Follow-up examination included assessment of pain factors, Q angle, patellar tracking, ligamentous laxity, and range of motion of hip, knee, ankle, and foot joints. Hamstring and quad ...
Site-Resolved Measurements of Hydration Dynamics in Hen Egg-White Lysozyme

Solution NMR spectroscopy of proteins is dramatically limited by the size, stability, and solubility of the proteins of interest. Encapsulation of proteins in the protective nanoscale aqueous interior of reverse micelles (RM) alleviates these limitations by allowing larger proteins to tumble faster in less viscous, hydrophobic solutions. In addition to these benefits, RM encapsulation slows the dynamics of the surrounding water, reduces hydrogen exchange, and eliminates bulk water interactions with the protein. As previously demonstrated with the 8.5 kDa protein ubiquitin, this allows for the study of interactions between biological macromolecules and water which are important for the structure and function of proteins and traditionally have been difficult to measure experimentally. This method has now been applied to the 14.4 kDa enzyme hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) and the hydration dynamics of the system are described. Supported by NSF grant MCB 0842814 and NIH postdoctoral fellowship GM087099 to N.V.N.
Roles of Asp75, Asp78, and Glu83 of GTP-dependent phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Abstract The roles of Asp75, Asp78, and Glu83 of the 75DPSDVARVE83 element of Mycobacterium smegmatis GTP-dependent phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase (GTP-PEPCK) were investigated. Asp78 and Glu83 are fully conserved in GTP-PEP-CKs. The human PEPCK crystal structure suggests that Asp78 influences Tyr220; Tyr220 helps to position bound PEP, and Glu83 interacts with Arg81. Experimental data on other PEPCKs indicate that Arg81 binds PEP, and the phosphate of PEP interacts with Mn2+ of metal site 1 for catalysis. We found that D78A and E83A replacements severely reduced activity. E83A substitution raised the apparent Km value for Mn2+ 170-fold. In contrast, Asp75 is highly but not fully conserved; natural substitutions are Ala, Asn, Gln, or Ser. Such substitutions, when engineered, in M. smegmatis enzyme caused the following. 1) For oxaloacetate synthesis, Vmax decreased 1.4-4-fold. Km values for PEP and Mn2+ increased 3-9- and 1.2-10-fold, respectively. Km values for GDP and bicarbonate changed little. 2) For PEP formation, Vmax increased 1.5-2.7-fold. Km values for oxaloacetate increased 2-2.8-fold. The substitutions did not change the secondary structure of protein significantly. The kinetic effects are rationalized as follows. In E83A the loss of Glu83-Arg81 interaction affected Arg81-PEP association. D78A change altered the Tyr220-PEP interaction. These events perturbed PEP-Mn2+ interaction and consequently affected catalysis severely. In contrast, substitutions at Asp75, a site far from bound PEP, brought subtle effects, lowering oxaloacetate formation rate but enhancing PEP formation rate. It is likely that Asp75 substitutions affected PEP-Mn2+ interaction by changing the positions of Asp78, Arg81, and Glu83, which translated to differential effects on two directions.
Oxygen consumption of rat tissue slices exposed to methylmercury in vitro.

Summary The physiological significance of damage from methylmercury exposure was assessed by comparing the oxygen consumption of rat liver, kidney and brain tissue slices after direct exposure to methylmercury chloride. Standard Warburg respirometers were used. Methylmercury chloride was added during the preparation of the experimental flasks and the tissues were preincubated for up to one hour. Oxygen consumption was accelerated by tipping sodium succinate into the main chamber from the sidearm. During the ensuing 3 h of observation, oxygen was consumed at a uniform rate and all the organ slices were equally inhibited at the respective concentrations of methylmercury tested. Brain slices without excess succinate were slightly more sensitive to the presence of methylmercury, but this difference was significant only at 2 · 10 −4 M methylmercury. The results suggest (a) that all three organs are about equally sensitive to direct toxic insult by methylmercury under standardized conditions, (b) that any difference observed is due to metabolic reserve capacity and (c) that organ damage induced by methylmercury cannot be attributed to a direct interference with the glycolytic machinery of the cells since organ tissue levels at the point of intoxication are considerably lower.
Surface complexes on chromium

Abstract Infrared spectra of the stable surface species formed at 25°C by the interaction with a Cr surface of methanol, ethanol, n -propanol, n -butanol, isobutanol, 2-propanol, 2-butanol, t -butanol, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetaldehyde, acetone, allyl alcohol, methyl vinyl ether, ethylene oxide, and propylene oxide have been obtained. From the spectra it is concluded that at 25°C: (1) alkoxides are stable surface species, (2) a coordinate covalent bond of oxygen to the surface is not stable, (3) the OH bond is readily broken, (4) the degree of surface coverage by alkoxide structures is in the order primary > secondary > tertiary, (5) the CC bond does not strongly add to the surface, and (6) the CH bond does not readily break to form dissociatively adsorbed hydrocarbons.
Generalized Slater-Koster method for fitting band structures

A tight-binding procedure is presented for fitting electronic band structures of crystals. It is based on a fully automated method of determining all possible independent matrix elements for arbitrary crystal structures. A fit, using this method, for the band structure of hexagonal close-packed Tc is more than an order of magnitude better than previous fits.
A Reprise of Size and R & D

Numerous studies have shown that, within industries, the propensity to perform R&D and the amount of R&D conducted by performers are closely related to the size of the firm, while R&D productivity declines with firm size. These findings have been widely interpreted to indicate that there is no advantage to large firm size in conducting R&D. The authors show how a simple model based on the idea of R&D cost spreading can explain the prior findings about the R&D-firm size relationship, as well as additional features of the R&D-firm size relationship, implying an advantage to large size in R&D.
Beyond IS-A and part-whole : more semantic network links

Abstract Semantic networks need many more links than traditional ones include if they are to function as adequate models of human memory. Many tasks benefit from cognitively realistic representations. Such cognitively realistic models of human reasoning processes require a deep understanding of the logical properties of their links. This paper argues for three basic claims. First, we must identify the links that are fundamental to human cognitive processes. Second, we must understand how their logical properties are actually used in common sense reasoning. Third, even though the resulting properties are not nearly as neat as those of their as neat as those better known mathematical counterparts, we must investigate and use those properties if we want our systems to be representationaly adequate. This paper presents analyses of three links, and in the process demonstrates a methodology for dealing with these issues.
Complicating Factors in the Teaching of Reading.

(1973). Complicating factors in the teaching of reading. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 313-317.
Process Development and Scale-up for (±)-Reboxetine Mesylate

Redevelopment of the commercial process for the synthesis of (±)-reboxetine methanesulfonate is described. An optimized and efficient process for the synthesis of (±)-reboxetine starting from cinna...
Buckling of a flush-mounted plate in simple shear flow

The buckling of an elastic plate with arbitrary shape flush-mounted on a rigid wall and deforming under the action of a uniform tangential load due to an overpassing simple shear flow is considered. Working under the auspices of the theory of elastic instability of plates governed by the linear von Karman equation, an eigenvalue problem is formulated for the buckled state resulting in a fourth-order partial differential equation with position-dependent coefficients parameterized by the Poisson ratio. The governing equation also describes the deformation of a plate clamped around the edges on a vertical wall and buckling under the action of its own weight. Solutions are computed analytically for a circular plate by applying a Fourier series expansion to derive an infinite system of coupled ordinary differential equations and then implementing orthogonal collocation, and numerically for elliptical and rectangular plates by using a finite-element method. The eigenvalues of the resulting generalized algebraic eigenvalue problem are bifurcation points in the solution space, physically representing critical thresholds of the uniform tangential load above which the plate buckles and wrinkles due to the partially compressive developing stresses. The associated eigenfunctions representing possible modes of deformation are illustrated, and the effect of the Poisson ratio and plate shape is discussed.
Individual clinical symptoms have limited utility in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea

Commentary on: Myers KA, Mrkobrada M, Simel DL. Does this patient have obstructive sleep apnoea? The Rational Clinical Examination systematic review. JAMA 2013;310:731–41.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] The accurate clinical diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been elusive, leading to reliance on objective testing via polysomnography. However, various clinical prediction algorithms and questionnaires have been developed to estimate the pretest probability of OSA which have proven clinically useful and have served to effectively inform decisions over whether or not to proceed with objective sleep testing. These include the Berlin Questionnaire, Sleep Apnoea Clinical Score and the STOP-Bang questionnaires.1–3 The authors performed a systematic review of the literature from 1966 to 2013 to examine the … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.volume%253D310%26rft.spage%253D731%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.2013.276185%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23989984%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.2013.276185&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=23989984&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F2%2Fe10.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000323254500023&link_type=ISI
Ein Elektronenvervielfacher als Pulslichterzeuger

A 7-stage electron multiplier with grid control system is described with respect to construction and performance. A coaxial feedback cable permits the regeneration of pulses with a repetition frequency of from 10 MC to 0·1 MC and a pulse length of about 8×10−9s. The luminescence of the dynodes was investigated and an identity in the duration of the light pulses and the electrical pulses has been found. The interpretation of the luminescence effects by assuming electro-fluorescence phenomena indicates applications to problems of stroboscopy and of high-speed computation and storage devices.
Viewpoint: the core and matrix of thalamic organization.

Abstract The integration of the whole cerebral cortex and thalamus during forebrain activities that underlie different states of consciousness, requires pathways for the dispersion of thalamic activity across many cortical areas. Past theories have relied on the intralaminar nuclei as the sources of diffuse thalamocortical projections that could facilitate spread of activity across the cortex. A case is made for the presence of a matrix of superficially-projecting cells, not confined to the intralaminar nuclei but extending throughout the whole thalamus. These cells are distinguished by immunoreactivity for the calcium-binding protein, D28K calbindin, are found in all thalamic nuclei of primates and have increased numbers in some nuclei. They project to superficial layers of the cerebral cortex over relatively wide areas, unconstrained by architectonic boundaries. They generally receive subcortical inputs that lack the topographic order and physiological precision of the principal sensory pathways. Superimposed upon the matrix in certain nuclei only, is a core of cells distinguished by immunoreactivity for another calcium-binding protein, parvalbumin, These project in highly ordered fashion to middle layers of the cortex in an area-specific manner. They are innervated by subcortical inputs that are topographically precise and have readily identifiable physiological properties. The parvalbumin cells form the basis for sensory and other inputs that are to be used as a basis for perception. The calbindin cells, especially when recruited by corticothalamic connections, can form a basis for the engagement of multiple cortical areas and thalamic nuclei that is essential for the binding of multiple aspects of sensory experience into a single framework of consciousness.
Nanostructured Non-oxide Ceramics Templated via Block Copolymer Self-Assembly

Self-assembly of block copolymer is used as the template to form nanoscale ordered structure of a polymeric ceramic precursor. The self-assembly is subsequently pyrolyzed to form Si−C−N ceramic with nanoscale structure bearing local order.
HOW DO FIRMS INNOVATE WITH LIMITED RESOURCES IN TURBULENT MARKETS

AbstractTh is study explores the question of how firms innovate with limited resources in turbulent markets utilizing the comparative case studies of 10 start-up companies. The evidence discovered while studying resource-limited innovation at these 10 companies suggests that the effect resource utilization has on innovation performance is moderated by four attitudinal factors that act as catalysts for successful innovation when resources are limited. The four factors are: Intention, Inspiration, Integration, and Indefatigability. These factors are the foundation of ‘lean innovation capability’ such that companies, in the presence of these attitudinal factors, use limited resources in creative ways. The study’s results suggesta need to reconsider the conventional wisdom regarding the need for the abundance of resources in order to successfully innovate. In fact, utilizing the case data, we argue that limited resources managed with these four-attitudinal factors lead to superior innovation performance, whic...
Hollow Cathode Plasma Emission Determination of F, Cl, and Br in Gas Streams:

A hollow cathode lamp system for the determination of F, Cl, and Br in flowing gas streams is described. The lamp uses a relatively small cathode cavity diameter. The sample vapor in a He carrier is introduced at one end of the cathode cavity. Radiation is viewed at the other end. Relatively intense emission lines from F, Cl, Cl+, Br, and Br+ are observed when 100 ppm CClF3 and CBrF3, in He are introduced. The effects on the lamp emission characteristics of He pressure in the range of 15 to 40 Torr, with current in the range 10 to 100 mA, and the cathode cavity diameter in the range 0.8 to 3.2 mm are presented. Potential applications for GC detection are considered.
Optimal sequential estimation for semi-markov and markov renewal processes

We consider the problem of obtaining efficient estimators and sampling plans for semi-Markov and Markov-renewal processes. A lower bound for the variance of an unbiased estimator of a function of the parameters is obtained under a sequential scheme and we characterize the parametric functions and sampling plans which admit minimum variance unbiased estimators.
Carbonyl Compounds Associated with the Off-Flavor in Spontaneously Oxidized Milk

Summary Studies on the carbonyl compounds in the butteroil of spontaneously oxidized whole milk indicate that the mechanism involved is typical of classic lipid autoxidation. The C 5 through C 16 saturated aldehydes, C 6 to C 11 alk-2-enals, and C 8 to C 12 alk-2,4-dienals were tentatively identified in this product as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, on the basis of their behavior on magnesia, ultraviolet spectra, column partition chromatographic retention volumes, paper chromatographic properties, or gas chromatographic characteristics of the regenerated compounds. Flavor studies in conjunction with quantitative carbonyl analyses of 14 samples of butteroil from nonoxidized and spontaneously oxidized milks indicate that the alk-2,4-dienals, especially 2,4-decadienal, play a significant role in the off-flavor of this product, whereas the saturated aldehydes are of little significance in this respect. It is suggested that the C 11 to C 16 saturated aldehydes are present in fluid milk not as products of autoxidation, but rather as the result of either milk lipid synthesis or hydrolysis of plasmalogens or neutral plasmalogens during pasteurization.
Risk Averse Decisions in Business Planning

Second-order stochastic dominance is used to determine preferences among various investments for any risk-averse decision maker. On the other hand, when faced with choosing between different insurance policies or disaster plans, a risk-averse decision maker should use a type of stochastic dominance called variability ordering. In this situation, second-order stochastic dominance has been used in previous research and is incorrect.
Formation of mountain belts on Venus: Evidence for large-scale convergence, underthrusting, and crustal imbrication in Freyja Montes, Ishtar Terra

The Freyja Mottles, Venus, deformation zone consists of a distinctive linear orogenic belt (Freyja Montes), an adjacent plateau, a steep scarp separating the plateau from the North Polar Plains lying about 3 km below the plateau, and a volcanically flooded foredeep and rise at the base of the scarp. On the basis of mapping of radar images and interpretation of the geologic units and topography, the Freyja Montes deformation zone is interpreted to be the site of large-scale crustal convergence and imbrication involving the underthrusting of the North Polar Plains beneath Ishtar Terra. This deformation is interpreted to have begun with north-south regional compressional deformation causing flexure, buckling, and underthrusting of the crust and lithosphere of the North Polar Plains beneath the relatively higher proto-Ishtar/ Lakshmi. Further convergence and underthrusting caused crustal thickening and uplift and created compressive stresses in the upper part of the underthrusting layer. Failure of this layer led to a new site of underthrusting outboard of the rise and a new detachment surface. The detached layer and the wedge of volcanic flows in the intervening foredeep were further deformed and incorporated (sutured) onto the plateau and mountain range. This crustal underthrusting and imbrication caused crustal thickening and corresponding crustal uplift. The continuing process of convergence underthrusting, detachment, and imbrication produced large-scale crustal thickening, uplift, and the formation of the plateau behind the asymmetrical front of Freyja Montes. The present configuration of topography and units and the distinctive elevation of the scarp and Freyja Montes suggest that the process continues to operate at the present time.
Does a Hidden Pool of Reverse Triiodothyronine (rT3) Production Contribute to Total Thyroxine (T4) Disposal in High T4 States in Man

A hidden pool of rT3 production represents a source of rT3 that is minimally reflected in circulating rT3 levels. To test for the existence of such a source of rT3 production in man, varying doses of the generalized deiodinase inhibitor iopanoic acid (IA) were administered to four hyperthyroxinemic subjects. The doses employed included low-IA (0.5-g load, then 0.5 g/day for 5 days), mid-IA (1.0-g load, then 1.0 g/day for 5 days), and high-IA (3.0-g load, then 3.0 g/day for 5 days). Each patient received 25 microCi [125I]rT3, iv, in the high T4 state and on day 3 of each IA dosing regimen. Serial blood and urine samples were obtained to determine serum rT3 clearance rates and the urinary thyronine metabolite patterns. Although total serum rT3 values were increased by all IA dosages (P less than 0.001), rT3 was lower with high-IA administration (P less than 0.02) than with low- or mid-IA regimens. Low-IA decreased rT3 clearance to 33 +/- 2 L/day (P less than 0.005), while increasing the daily rT3 production to 76 +/- 8 nmol/day (P less than 0.04) compared to the control values (150 +/- 10 L/day and 53 +/- 8 nmol/day, respectively). Mid-IA also reduced rT3 clearance (23 +/- 4 L/day; P less than 0.005) without changing rT3 production (50 +/- 10 nmol/day), while high-IA reduced both rT3 clearance (21 +/- 2 L/day; P less than 0.005) and production (39 +/- 9 nmol/day; P less than 0.04). Intravenously administered tracer rT3 could not be detected in the urine in the high T4 state, but rT3 could not be detected in the urine in the high T4 state, but was prominent after IA administration. It is concluded that a hidden pool of rT3 production exists in vivo in man. Further, low dose IA serves as a selective inhibitor of liver and kidney deiodinase systems, allowing reflection of this hidden rT3 pool in the blood and urine. It would appear that hypertrophy of this hidden pool of rT3 production occurs in high T4 states and may account for the majority of the unrecognized deiodinative metabolites of T4 generated in hyperthyroxinemia.
Mild hypercholesterolemia and premature heart disease: do the national criteria underestimate disease risk?

Abstract OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of hospital admissions for acute coronary syndrome in young adults and to examine the risk factors that predispose to the development of premature heart disease. BACKGROUND Significant coronary heart disease (CHD) is considered rare in the young adult. Current guidelines do not recommend treatment of mild cholesterol abnormalities for primary prevention of CHD in the young. METHODS This is a large case series of 449 adults (≤50 years) admitted to the hospital with acute coronary syndrome. A history of cardiovascular risk factors and lipid profile were recorded. The presence and extent of CHD were established. RESULTS Mean patient age was 44 ± 6 years. Documented CHD was present in 61% of hospital admissions. Multivariate analysis revealed that history of hypercholesterolemia, history of smoking and diabetes were independently associated with premature CHD. The fasting lipid profiles were only borderline to mildly abnormal. Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride levels were not different in cases compared with control subjects. Nearly half (49%) of those with LDL levels of ≥160 mg/dl had only one additional risk factor or none. Despite this, a history of hypercholesterolemia had independent and incremental value on other risk factors for the likelihood of premature CHD. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of hospital admissions relating to premature CHD is high. In this population, the presence of borderline or mild hypercholesterolemia has significant effects on the development of premature CHD. These observations have significant implications in the development of guidelines for primary prevention of premature CHD.
Theory of the low-energy pion-pion interaction — II

It is shown that whenP-wave pion-pion scattering is large at low energies, the integral equations previously formulated by the authors require a cut-off. Because of the cut-off and the unstable nature of the solution, the numerical integration procedure becomes much more involved. The original equations are therefore replaced by a series of conditions at the symmetry point, and the unphysical cuts of the partial-wave amplitudes are replaced by a corresponding series of poles. Within this framework one need not speak of a cut-off, but one new parameter appears. Self-consistent solutions can be found in which aP-wave resonance is sustained by a « bootstrap » mechanism; that is, a strong attractive force in theI=1 state results from the exchange of a resonating pair ofP-wave pions. The symmetry-point conditions used would be modified by the cut-off and quantitative accuracy is not attempted; however, this and other corrections are not expected to change the qualitative nature of our solutions. Rough estimates of the corrections are made.
Inferences about the self, attributions, and overgeneralization as predictors of recovery from dysphoria

Based on a model of recovery from depression drawn from hopelessness theory (Needles & Abramson, 1990), we expected that in the presence of favorable events, cognitive style would predict the development of hope, and thus recovery from dysphoria. Among 91 subjects initially scoring 9 or above on the Beck Depression Inventory, a stable, global attributional style for positive events, in the presence of positive events, tended to predict recovery by a 3-week followup assessment. However, contrary to our prediction, inferring positive characteristics about the self from the occurrence of good events was associated with more subsequent depressive symptoms. An exploratory measure of overgeneralization of negative events predicted more subsequent symptoms.
Amino acid sequence of UP1, an hnRNP-derived single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein from calf thymus.

The UP1 single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein from calf thymus (Herrick, G. & Alberts, B.M. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 2124-2132) has recently been shown to be a proteolytic fragment derived from the A1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) (Pandolfo et al. (1985) Nucleic Acids Res. 13, 6577-6590). The NH2-terminus of the 22,162 dalton UP1 protein appears to be blocked, which suggests that UP1 represents the NH2-terminal two thirds of this 32,000 dalton hnRNP protein. The complete amino acid sequence for UP1 was derived from automated sequencing of peptides that were purified by HPLC from digests with trypsin, chymotrypsin, Staphylococcus aureus protease, endoproteinase Lys-C, and cyanogen bromide. Trichloroacetic acid precipitation followed by enzymatic digestion in 2 M urea proved to be the best approach for generating UP1 peptides. By carboxymethylating after, rather than before, digestion it was possible to avoid problems associated with the insolubility of the carboxymethylated UP1. All of the resulting peptides in amounts varying from 2 to 15 nmol were coupled to aminopolystyrene prior to solid-phase sequencing. Using these methods, no difficulties were encountered in assigning glutamic acid residues or in completely sequencing peptides that contained up to 25-30 residues. The relative ease with which the UP1 protein was sequenced, requiring only about a year to complete, and the comparatively modest amount of protein required, less than 5 mg, attests to the usefulness of water soluble carbodiimide coupling and solid-phase sequencing for determining the primary structures of proteins. In addition to serving as a basis for determining structural relationships among various mammalian single-stranded nucleic acid binding proteins, the amino acid sequence of UP1 reveals that the A1 hnRNP protein contains a region of internal sequence homology that apparently corresponds to two independent nucleic acid binding sites.
Investigating Natural Variation in Drosophila Courtship Song by the Evolve and Resequence Approach

A primary goal of population genetics is to determine the genetic basis of natural trait variation. We could significantly advance this goal by developing comprehensive genome-wide approaches to link genotype and phenotype in model organisms. Here we combine artificial selection with population-based resequencing to investigate the genetic basis of variation in the interpulse interval (IPI) of Drosophila melanogaster courtship song. We performed divergent selection on replicate populations for only 14 generations, but had considerable power to differentiate alleles that evolved due to selection from those that evolved stochastically. We identified a large number of variants that changed frequency in response to selection for this simple behavior, and they are highly underrepresented on the X chromosome. Though our power was adequate using this experimental technique, the ability to differentiate causal variants from those affected by linked selection requires further development.
Effects of Aging on Linear and Curvilinear Aiming Arm Movements

This research was designed to test the hypothesis that seniors may have deficits in their movement planning and execution of rapid target oriented arm movements. Twenty senior adults (M = 81.2 years, SD= 1.8) and 20 young adults (M = 25.2 years, SD= 2.5) performed two types of fast aiming arm movements (linear and curvilinear) on a digitizer in a counterbalanced order. Age effects on the variables of movement time, movement jerk, as well as on the profiles of movement displacement, velocity, and acceleration were examined. The outcomes of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures indicated that the seniors executed both movement tasks more slowly and had higher movement jerk than the young adults. This suggests that aging is not only associated with slower but less smooth movements. In addition, the examination of movement profiles indicated that the young adults implemented the curvilinear task as one smooth and integrated motion, whereas the seniors executed the task in two segments. One possi...
Rheological and mechanical characteristics of poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide/nylon molecular and particulate composites

Poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide (PPTA) and nylons (nylon 6, 66, 11, and 12) molecular and particulate composites were examined with emphasis on rheological, mechanical, and morphological characteristics. These molecular composites were prepared by coagulation in water from isotropic ternary sulfuric acid solutions. Upon heating above the crystal melting temperatures of nylons, the molecular composites undergo phase separation and become two-phase particulate composites. Shear viscosity measurements indicate that the viscosity of nylon 6 and 66 systems has increased for an order of magnitude because of the presence of PPTA, but decreased in the case of nylon 11 and 12 systems. PPTA/nylon 6 and 66 systems exhibit yield behavior, particularly with high PPTA contents. Measurements show an extrudate swell of around 1 in all composition ranges and shear rates. Scanning electron microscopic investigations of low PPTA content particulate composites reveal spherical or long fibrillar morphology of PPTA phase dispersed in nylon matrices. Wide angle X-ray diffraction investigations show no preferred orientation in the extrudates, but biaxial orientation in the case of compressed films. The study on mechanical properties of extrudates of 5 to 10 wt.% PPTA compositions exhibits significant improvement in tensile modulus and tensile strength. The heat-treated extrudates show further increase in tensile modulus and tensile strength, as compared with the unannealed samples, but the elongation at break decreases.
Bronchoscopic retrieval of a bullet using a Dormia basket: a case report.

Introduction: Penetrating bullet injury to the trachea is a rarity, and therefore standardized procedure for injury management and foreign body removal has not been established. This is a case report describing retrieval of a bullet from the bronchus intermedius using flexible bronchoscopy and a Dormia basket. Case presentation: A 19-year-old African American woman presented with a gunshot wound to her right neck just lateral to the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and just superior to the clavicle. Imaging showed a bullet lodged within her right bronchus with no evidence of vascular injury. Fiberoptic flexible bronchoscopy in combination with biopsy forceps and a Dormia basket were used for bullet removal. Conclusions: Removal of foreign bodies from the airway is essential in order to avoid complications such as tracheal stenosis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis and foreign body migration. To the best of our knowledge, this case is one of only several cases reporting the use of flexible bronchoscopy for bullet removal, and this is the only case to describe the use of a Dormia basket. This case demonstrates bronchoscopy as a safe and effective means of minimally invasive removal of a bullet fragment from the bronchus in a trauma setting.
Development and Investigation of a Novel Oxidative Pyrimidine Dimer Splitting Model

— Described is the development of a novel pyrimidine dimer splitting system designed for the continued investigation of the mechanisms and intermediates involved in pyrimidine dimer repair. This system consists of the cationic photopolymerization initiator, N-ethoxyisoquinolinium hexafluorophosphate and the pyrimidine dimers cissyn- and transsyn-N, N'-dimethylthymine dimer. Irradiation of the initiator at wavelengths above 300 nm generated a radical cation formed by homolytic N-O bond cleavage. This reactive species is thought to oxidize a dimer, which resulted in splitting. Additional studies performed demonstrate that splitting cannot be attributed to photoinduced electron transfer reactions involving dimer and excited state initiator or dimer and the excited state of initiator decomposition products. The results suggest that splitting is due to a one-electron oxidation of dimer by the radical cation of isoquinoline. This splitting mechanism is different from previous oxidative pyrimidine dimer splitting pathways in that electron transfer occurs without concomitant generation of a sensitizer-derived radical anion, which alters the nature of the back electron transfer step. The concentration dependence of the quantum yields of splitting reflected the differences in reactivity of the stereoisomeric dimers. This novel system may facilitate spectroscopic studies aimed at detection of dimer-derived intermediates in the splitting reaction.
A Molecular Basis for Bifidobacterial Enrichment in the Infant Gastrointestinal Tract

Bifidobacteria are commonly used as probiotics in dairy foods. Select bifidobacterial species are also early colonizers of the breast-fed infant colon; however, the mechanism for this enrichment is unclear. We previously showed that Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis is a prototypical bifidobacterial species that can readily utilize human milk oligosaccharides as the sole carbon source. MS-based glycoprofiling has revealed that numerous B. infantis strains preferentially consume small mass oligosaccharides, abundant in human milks. Genome sequencing revealed that B. infantis possesses a bias toward genes required to use mammalian-derived carbohydrates. Many of these genomic features encode enzymes that are active on milk oligosaccharides including a novel 40-kb region dedicated to oligosaccharide utilization. Biochemical and molecular characterization of the encoded glycosidases and transport proteins has further resolved the mechanism by which B. infantis selectively imports and catabolizes milk oligosaccharides. Expression studies indicate that many of these key functions are only induced during growth on milk oligosaccharides and not expressed during growth on other prebiotics. Analysis of numerous B. infantis isolates has confirmed that these genomic features are common among the B. infantis subspecies and likely constitute a competitive colonization strategy used by these unique bifidobacteria. By detailed characterization of the molecular mechanisms responsible, these studies provide a conceptual framework for bifidobacterial persistence and host interaction in the infant gastrointestinal tract mediated in part through consumption of human milk oligosaccharides.
The American Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Escaphiella (Araneae, Oonopidae)

Abstract A new genus, Escaphiella, is established for a group of 36 oonopid species found from the United States south to Chile and Argentina. The previously known species had been placed in Scaphiella Simon, and Escaphiella is hypothesized to be the sister group of that genus. Members of the two groups share a laterally extended ventral abdominal scutum and a distinctive female genitalic conformation, but differ in cheliceral shape and setation, female palpal tarsal shape, male and female palpal tarsal setation, embolus form, and posterior respiratory structure. At least seven species of Escaphiella are characterized by the highly unusual occurrence of asymmetry between the right and left male pedipalps. In at least eight species, the right and left posterior median spinnerets are fused into a single median projection, or even lost entirely. Nine specific names are transferred from Scaphiella: S. hespera Chamberlin (chosen as the type species), S. litoris Chamberlin, S. juvenilis (Gertsch and Davis), S. ...
Residual or Delayed Lesions from Penetrating Cardiac Wounds

During an eight-year period, 76 patients with penetrating wounds of the heart were treated at our institution. Among the 56 patients who survived, there were 16 instances of delayed sequelae in 14 patients, an incidence of 25 percent. Residual sequelae from penetrating cardiac wounds may not be initially evident or detected because of the urgency when tamponade or bleeding are present or because of the low cardiac output state that may exist. For this reason and because delayed sequelae such as cardiac aneurysm may occur, close observation and repeat examination is required in patients who have sustained penetrating wounds. Because of the great variability of the hemodynamic significance of the intracardiac lesions and the similarity of the clinical signs between some of mem, cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography should be performed, if at all possible, in order to define the type lesions and their hemodynamic significance before they are repaired.
Comment on “T. S. Eliot, Anthropologist and Primitive” by William Harmon

Bender is correct in his comment that in his book The People of Africa Jean Hiernaux attempts to point out that the concept of "Hamitic" admixture is erroneous. If, in my review of that book (AA 78:459, 1976), I gave the opposite impression, I apologize. I mentioned that section explicitly because of Hiernaux's negative attitude toward the "Hamitic" concept and should have used quotes as Bender suggests.
Frontline anthropology: Research in a time of war

L'A. suggere que l'anthropologue ne peut plus rester a l'ecart des phenomenes militaires contemporains de ses terrains et qu'il est necessaire de s'impliquer dans une recherche sur le front, une recherche qui prenne comme sujet d'etude ce qui se passe dans les zones de conflits violents. Bien que ce type de recherches existe deja, il devient urgent de penser de facon plus critique certains aspects de ces terrains. Comment aborder le front en tant qu'espace de recherche ? Qui peut conduire des recherches dans cet espace et comment assurer une formation adequate ? Quel type de connaissances doit-on produire dans ces situations ? A partir de ses propres experiences en Afrique (Sierra Leone) et dans les Balkans, l'A. suggere qu'une ethnographie de la violence plus solide et methodique s'impose et qu'une anthropologie du front constitue la pleine realisation du potentiel de l'anthropologie. De ce point de vue, la distinction entre methodologie de terrain, theorie et engagement politique devient caduque.
Generation and confinement of uniform magnetic fields with distributions of surface currents

This paper presents the methodology for generation and confinement of a uniform magnetic field of intensity H/sub 0/ in an arbitrary assigned polyhedral cavity C enclosed by planar surfaces s/sub h/. The design methodology presented in this paper can generate novel self-shielding polyhedral structures of surface currents. Unlike in conventional solenoid magnet, the field generated by these structures is perpendicular to the main axis of the cavity.
Sidra DeKoven Ezrahi. Booking Passage: Exile and Homecoming in the Modern Jewish Imagination . Contraversions. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. xii, 358 pp.

The post-Zionist perspective is a commonplace in political and social discourse these days, and with this book it seeks to ensconce itself in the literary domain. Sidra Ezrahi, who teaches at the Hebrew University, situates herself here in an existential stance antipodal to Yehuda Halevy's: her heart is in the West even as she sits at the edge of the East. Manifestly Ezrahi, in readings of nine writers and poets, has constructed a literary triptych that seeks to rationalize the post-Zionist moment and narrative. What it boils down to is a book that is essentially a detailed gloss, in literary terms, on one of the seminal articulations of Diasporism as the anodyne to the moral ambiguities of political Zionism: George Steiner's 1985 essay “Our Homeland, the Text.”
Substrate recognition by human RNase P: identification of small, model substrates for the enzyme.

Abstract RNase P from HeLa cells can efficiently cleave tRNA precursor molecules in vitro but cannot cleave potential substrates from which the D, anticodon and variable loops and stems of the tRNA moiety have all been removed. However, molecules from which the latter subdomains have been removed individually do serve as substrates. We show here that molecules that contain only a 5' leader sequence, the acceptor stem and the T stem and loop of the tRNA domain, and a bulge as small as one nucleotide downstream from nucleotide 7 in the tRNA sequence at the junction of the two stems, can serve as substrates for human RNase P. The identity of the nucleotide in the bulge is important in determining both the efficiency of the cleavage and the conformation of the substrate and/or the enzyme-substrate complex. We also show that the human enzyme locates the appropriate site for cleavage of its substrates in part by 'measuring' the length of the helices in the acceptor and T stems in both model and natural substrates.
THE RESULTS OF TREATMENT FOLLOWING COMPOUND FRACTURES OCCURRING IN CIVIL LIFE

Death occurred in three cases treated by the method of aseptic occlusion: two of septicemia and one of a gas bacillus infection. Under this method a leg was amputated in two cases for chronic osteomyelitis. In the cases treated by drainage gas bacillus infection developed in one case and the leg was amputated. In the cases treated by the Carrel-Dakin method it was necessary to amputate a limb in which gas bacillus infection was present. In the cases treated by debridement and suture two cases, both of which were completely bebrided, died from a gas bacillus infection, and in two cases of gas bacillus infection it was necessary to amputate a limb. When wounds are found to be infected by the streptococcus it is necessary to open the wound widely and desirable to treat the wound by the Carrel-Dakin method. When a gas bacillus infection is present, amputation above the level of the infection should be done.
Informing brand messaging strategies via social media analytics

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer a theory-driven, evidence-based approach to developing a brand’s messaging strategies on social media encompassing three messaging dimensions, namely, appeal, content, and richness. Design/methodology/approach – Using longitudinal data from three Fortune 200 companies – Delta Airlines, Wal-Mart, and McDonald’s – the authors empirically investigate comprehensive strategic messaging framework. Using ANOVAs and regression analyses, the authors test a set of hypotheses regarding the relations between a brand ' s purchase involvement, its message appeal, message content, and message richness, and engagement. Findings – Findings reveal significant relations between purchase involvement and appeal. Furthermore, the authors find that abstract content categories are best combined with richer media. Finally, both transformation appeal and richer media have a highly significant and positive effect on engagement. Research limitations/implications – The authors offer a t...
Abstract 5016: Epigenetics in renal cell carcinoma

In 2011, an estimated 60,920 men and women will be diagnosed of which 13,120 will die of cancer of the kidney and renal pelvis. The current standard line of therapy includes surgery [partial or radical nephrectomy] or the use of molecular targeted agents such as antiangiogenic agents or immunotherapy. The common mutations found in renal cell carcinomas [RCC] are Von-Hippau Lindau [VHL] gene in clear cell RCC, c-met gene in papillary RCC type I, Fumarate hydratase [FH] gene in papillary type II or the Brit Hogg Dube’ [BHD] gene in chromophobe RCC. However there have been several studies indicating that some of the above genes like VHL can be silenced through promoter methylation as well. Hence, there has been an increasing focus on epigenetic modifications that can occur in RCCs, because of the possibility of reversing these epigenetic marks. There have been considerable reports on the use of agents such as histone deacetylase [HDAC] inhibitors or DNA methyl transferase inhibitors in different RCC cell lines or clinical trials. In this study, we looked at the HDAC expression and activity in matched tumor and non-tumor renal cell carcinoma tissue obtained from tissue procurement services at RPCI. Class I HDACs [HDAC 1, 2 and 3] and two members of class II HDACs [HDAC 4 and 5] are overexpressed in tumors compared to their non-tumor counterparts. In contrast, a class II member HDAC 6 level is lower in the tumor tissues relative to their non-tumor counterparts which corresponded to higher levels to acetylated α-tubulin in those tumors. However, these HDAC expression levels did not tend to have a correlation with grade or stage. We also established xenografts, that are implanted orthotopically and efforts are underway to obtain relatively faster growing tumors subcutaneously. Ongoing studies include defining the relation between expression and activity of HDACs in these tissues and the interaction and impact of other proteins with Class I and II HDACs [such as ER-α, Class III HDACs, VHL] in the context of common active pathways in tumors such as hypoxia [results of which will be available at the time of the meeting]. Further work also includes to look into other histone as well as DNA modifications, as well as enzymes that cause these modifications, in the matched tissues and to explore the potential use of histone or DNA modifying agents as part of RCC treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5016. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5016