cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
D2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria Type II with Subdural Hemorrhage Identified in a 3-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report

Subdural hemorrhage in association with D2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D2-HGA) Type II has only been described once in the medical literature in a 15-month-old child (1). Our case report describes a much younger 3-month-old infant previously diagnosed with D2-HGA Type II, who presented clinically with seizures and identified to have bilateral subdural hematomas concerning for possible physical abuse. This case report discusses the genetic diagnosis of D2-HGA and interpretation of subdural hemorrhage in context of evaluating possible physical abuse concerns. When an underlying medical condition is known to be present and a child presents with findings that may be concerning for physical abuse, it is critical to consider the possibility that the underlying medical condition may contribute to or may be the cause of the findings.
HIV and Sexual Health Services Available to Sexual and Gender Minority Youth Seeking Care at Outpatient Public Mental Health Programs in Two California Counties.

Purpose: Sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY, ages 16–24 years) face disparities in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV, in part, due to exposure to settings and behaviors that may ha...
After the raid: feminist geolegality and the spaces of encounters in a US poultry town

Over the past two decades United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) have engaged in a series of workplace raids in small rural towns home to meat processing plants. Targeted enforceme...
Retrospective Review of a Novel Virtual Medical Soldier Readiness Processing Process in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: Medical solider readiness processing (SRP) needed to continue during the COVID-19 pandemic. We developed a rapid practice improvement project to allow for a hybrid virtual medical SRP/in-person medical SRP to decrease exposure risk. A retrospective review comparing this virtual SRP to a historical in-person SRP cohort to the same combatant command was then performed. PROCEDURES: A virtual medical SRP was completed for 204 soldiers in preparation for deployment within 24 hours of receiving the deployment roster. Each soldier had their MEDPROS data sheet printed and reviewed for deficiencies. Soldiers were then divided into two groups. Group 1 required hybrid SRP with need for in-person labs or vaccinations. Group 2 had no deficiencies noted on MEDPROS review, and the entire medical SRP was done virtually. Pre-deployment health assessment (pre-DHA) was completed over the phone for both groups. The provider then determined whether the soldier was a GO or NO GO, and this information was passed to the unit's medical staff. Comparative data analysis was performed using t-tests assuming unequal variances and chi-square tests. INFORMATION FOUND: A total of 204 soldiers were expected to complete the virtual SRP process. Of those 204, 191 MEDPROS records were reviewed (93%). Seventy-seven of the 191 soldiers (40%) required level one labs and immunizations, had not completed their pre-DHA, or had a combination of these factors. One hundred and fourteen soldiers (60%) had these items completed and were given virtual appointments in GENESIS. One hundred and six of the 114 (95%) soldiers were able to complete their medical SRP virtually. Eighty-six soldiers (80%) of this cohort were a GO for deployment at the end of their virtual SRP visit.The novel virtual SRP process was comparable to the historic in-person SRP as evidenced by no statistically significant difference in terms of the number of providers required and the number of soldiers that was seen by any one provider. The groups did show statistically significant differences based on age, gender, and GOs/NO GOs. CONCLUSION: This is the first proof of concept of a virtual medical SRP on literature review. A virtual SRP process that combines a pre-visit record review with a virtual pre-DHA is a viable process for SRP. The ability to utilize providers outside of a confined location or post may allow for optimized utilization of this scarce resource and result in cost savings to the Army. The recreation of this virtual medical SRP within other Army installations may allow for the improvement and standardization of the medical SRP process as a whole.
A Reference Point Logit Model for Estimating Substitution Probabilities Using Point of Sale Data

This paper presents a practical approach to estimate the substitution probabilities between products at a retail store by using the store’s point of sale data and prospect theory based structural restrictions on the consumer choice behavior. The prospect theory based reference dependent preference structure imposed on the consumer choice behavior (a) accounts for how consumers make their original choice as well as how they substitute, (b) eliminates the IIA and IPS assumptions that the standard utility theory based models impose on consumer choice, and (c) alleviates the need for inventory information for estimating the substitution probabilities. Simulations have been used to show that the estimates of the substitution probabilities are efficient and are robust to stock-out rates, and two empirical studies are presented to illustrate the estimation process.
Perspectives on aesthetics and vulnerability through the life stories of five young men

This article examines what five young men in vulnerable positions tell about their experiences with aesthetics and actualises aesthetics in the context of health and life skills, emphasised in the Norwegian curriculum (2020). For research purposes, an interview with an indirect approach is used to gain insights into these young men’s experiences and lives by allowing them to fully play the roles as storytellers. According to the young men’s stories, their experiences with aesthetics can be presented through three categories of findings: (1) the connection between their life situations and aesthetics, (2) their emotional moments of aesthetic experiences and (3) their experiences of aesthetics as meaningful phenomena. Furthermore, the findings are discussed against aesthetic theory, which highlights how emotions can be experienced, reflected, symbolised, expressed and sorted out through aesthetics. Thus, a picture of aesthetic experiences is drawn as emotional processes.
Security Breach Possibility with RSS-Based Localization of Smart Meters Incorporating Maximum Likelihood Estimator

Deployment of smart meters has been greatly increased over the recent years. Most of the installed smart meters have been equipped with Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) which enables a bidirectional wireless communication to gather the usage data from gas, electricity and water meters. The insecure wireless channel used by AMI meters jeopardizes the privacy of costumers and brings up cybersecurity issues since it allows hackers to monitor the energy usage data from different houses. To show the penetrability of the system, Received Signal Strength (RSS) - based localization of smart meters incorporating Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator has been proposed in this paper. By decoding the received signal from a smart meter, one can localize the unoccupied houses or track the people’s daily routines. The effectiveness of the proposed ML location estimator has been examined through MATLAB simulation, under the assumption of a log-normal path loss model and Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation and demodulation. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been used to find the ML estimation. Finally, the effect of the variance, the number of the sensors and the path loss exponent has been studied on the average Miss Distance Error (MDE).
“Virtual touch”: an efficient registration method for catheter navigation in left atrium

In this paper, we present a left atrium registration system which utilizes a 3D intra-cardiac ultrasound catheter for faster (more than 700 times) and higher quality surface registration point collection than current systems and eventually improves the registration accuracy and stability. With better registration our system can greatly improve the ablation catheter navigation system which is being used in many hospitals to guide left atrium endocardium ablation procedure.
Burning Velocities of Real Gasoline Fuel at 353 K and 500 K

Burning velocities for unleaded conventional gasoline (CR-87) and air mixtures were determined experimentally over an extensive range of equivalence ratios at 353 K and 500 K and at atmospheric pressure. Nitrogen dilution effects on the laminar flame speed were also studied for selected equivalence ratios at these same conditions. Experimental measurements employed the stagnation jet-wall flame configuration and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The laminar burning velocity was obtained using linear extrapolation of stretched flame data to zero stretch rate. The measured flame speeds were compared with numerical predictions using a minimized detailed kinetic model for primary reference fuel (PRF) mixtures, which was developed based on stirred reactor, shock tube and flow reactor data.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE ADVANTAGE OF SPEECH TECHNOLOGY

This report addresses two factors that potentially influence the use of auditory displays and speech responses in a time-sharing environment. (1) S-C-R compatibility is proposed as a condition of e...
In Search of a Phase Transition in the AC-Matching Problem

AC-matching is the problem of deciding whether an equation involving a binary associative-commutative function symbol, formal variables and formal constants has a solution. This problem is known to be strong NP-complete and to play a fundamental role in equational unification and automated deduction. We initiate an investigation of the existence of a phase transition in random AC-matching and its relationship to the performance of AC-matching solvers.We identify a parameter that captures the "constrainedness" of AC-matching, carry out largescale experiments, and then apply finite-size scaling methods to draw conclusions from the experimental data gathered. Our findings suggest that there is a critical value of the parameter at which the asymptotic probability of solvability of random AC-matching changes from 1 to 0. Unlike other NP-complete problems, however, the phase transition in random AC-matching seems to emerge very slowly, as evidenced by the experimental data and also by the rather small value of the scaling exponent in the power law of the derived finite-size scaling transformation.
Abstract 3923: Molecular characterization of an animal model for neuroendocrine thyroid cancer

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Neuroendocrine tumors are rare forms of cancers originating from hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the body. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) develops from calcitonin-secreting, C cells, in the thyroid gland. Surgical removal of the thyroid is the best treatment currently available for early stage cancer patients but advanced forms of MTC are often incurable and fatal. Thus, better therapies are needed. A lack of relevant animal models for this disease has slowed the development of new treatments. We have recently reported a novel conditional mouse model for MTC. In these mice, overexpression of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk 5), activator, p25 in C cells induces MTC tumors. Furthermore, interruption of p25 overexpression results in growth arrest of these tumors. Here we take advantage of our conditional mouse model to investigate the molecular pathways underlying MTC tumorigenesis. We used Illumina Mouse WG-6 v2.0 Expression BeadChip to compare the gene expression profile of proliferating versus arrested mouse MTC tumors. We found that a total of 920 genes encoding transcription factors, cell cycle proteins, motor proteins and angiogenesis factors were differentially regulated in growing versus arrested tumors. Particularly the genes encoding cell cycle proteins that are involved in the regulation of Rb pathway were significantly up-regulated in the proliferating tumors. Selected genes with higher degrees of change were evaluated by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting analyses. Taken together these findings suggests that the Rb signaling pathways is involved in MTC tumorigenesis and that Cdk5 may act as a critical regulator of the Rb signaling pathway in this cancer. Thus, targeting Cdk5 and/or the Rb pathway may be a valid strategy to stop the progression of neuroendocrine thyroid cancer. Citation Format: Karine Pozo, Antje Hillmann, Alexander Augustyn, Tanvir Singh, Florian Plattner, John Minna, Herbert Chen, Gilbert J. Cote, James A. Bibb, Fiemu E. Nwariaku. Molecular characterization of an animal model for neuroendocrine thyroid cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3923. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3923
Characterization and evaluation of fabricated poly(L-lactic) acid core fibers for ligament fascicle development

Poly(L-lactic) acid (PLLA) is a biodegradable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester that has been found to be an excellent material of choice for biomedical applications including tissue engineered implants. This paper will discuss the characterization of PLLA core fibers being developed for tissue engineering applications and its degradation properties which showed that even with a mass loss of ∼30 %, the fibers had no significant change in mechanical strength. It is important to understand the degradation of polymer fibers in the design of scaffolds in order to discover the expected temporal loss of mechanical strength and integrity. This will allow for more improved design of fabricated structures and scaffolds that can maintain integrity overtime in the body during the regeneration process.
Lifetimes of Excited States of V 51 , Ni 61 , Ga 69 , As 75 , Br 79 , Rb 85 , and Sb 123

The lifetimes of states at low excitation in several odd-$A$ nuclei have been measured by a pulsed-beam technique. The results (in nsec) of the measurements for the levels at the excitation energies (in keV) listed in parentheses are ${{\mathrm{V}}^{51}(320), 0.28\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05;, {\mathrm{Ni}}^{61}(67), 7.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3;, {\mathrm{Ga}}^{69}(320), l0.1;}{{\mathrm{As}}^{75}(199), 1.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.25;, {\mathrm{As}}^{75}(280), 0.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08;, {\mathrm{Br}}^{79}(217), l0.2;}{{\mathrm{Rb}}^{35}(150), 1.01\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10;, {\mathrm{Sb}}^{123}(160), 0.82\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10., }$
Finding paths of length k in O∗(2k) time

We give a randomized algorithm that determines if a given graph has a simple path of length at least k in O(2^[email protected]?poly(n)) time. Our method extends a recent O(2^3^k^/^[email protected]?poly(n))=
ENERGY-LOSS SPECTRA OF CHANNELED IODINE AND OXYGEN IONS IN GOLD.

Energy-loss spectra are reported for 15- and 21.6-MeV $^{127}\mathrm{I}$ ions and for 10-MeV $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ ions transmitted through the {111} and {100} planar channels of thin gold crystals. In agreement with earlier observations on 60-MeV $^{127}\mathrm{I}$ and 3-MeV $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ ions, the stopping power in each case is accurately proportional to the frequency with which the ions oscillate in traversing the channel. From the results of these experiments, it is concluded that the $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ ions behave in gold planar channels as test charges which sample the electron distribution of the medium. The $^{127}\mathrm{I}$ ions behave nearly as test charges, but for them there is some evidence that the screening of the nuclear charge changes with the position of the ion in the channel.
New isotopes of cobalt; Activation cross-sections of nickel, cobalt, and zinc for 14.8 MeV neutrons

Absolute neutron activation cross-sections at 14.8 Mev were measured for the five stable nickel isotopes, for cobalt, and for zinc, based on comparison with the Cu/sup 63/(n,2n)Cu/sup 62/ reaction (556 mb), the Cu/sup 65/(n,2n)Cu/sup 64/ cross-section (1000 mb), and the Al/sup 27/(n, alpha )Na/sup 24/ reaction (115 mb). During the course of this investigation, three new cobalt activities have been identified as Co/sup 63/, 1.40 plus or minus 0.05 h, and Co/sup 64/ isomers: Co/sup 64m/, 2.0 plus or minus 0.2 min, and Co/sup 65g/, 7.8 plus or minus 0.2 min. The reactions studied, measured half-lives, and activation cross- sections are listed. Comparison is made between the experimental cross-sections and the continuum model of the compound nucleus described by Blatt and Weisskopf. A discussion is presented concerning the possible reasons for the deviation of the experimental values from those calculated from theoretical considerations. (auth)
Age and Secular Trends in Bone Lead Levels in Middle-aged and Elderly Men: Three-Year Longitudinal Follow-up in the Normative Aging Study

The goal of this study was to examine age and secular trends in bone and blood lead levels of community-exposed men. Bone and blood lead levels were measured twice, with a 3-year interval between measurements, among participants in a longitudinal study of aging. Seventy subjects (mean age = 66 years, age range = 52-83 years) with repeated measurements of bone and blood lead levels were studied. At the first evaluation, geometric mean lead levels in patella, tibia, and blood were 29.1 (standard deviation (SD) 1.8) microg/g, 17.5 (SD 2.0) microg/g, and 6.7 (SD 1.8) microg/dl, respectively. At the second evaluation, these levels were 22.2 (SD 1.8) microg/g, 17.9 (SD 1.7) microg/g, and 5.1 (SD 1.4) microg/dl, respectively. Cross-sectional analysis of each set of measurements indicated that, on average, a 1-year-older individual would have 2.7% and 2.4-3.2% higher levels of lead in patella and tibia, respectively. In contrast to the increasing age trend in cross-sectional analysis, the secular trend over time was decreasing for patella lead levels and stable for tibia lead levels. The authors conclude that in community-exposed middle-aged and elderly men, the biomarkers of exposure to lead are decreasing in patella and blood and unchanging in tibia as of the early 1990s. The increasing age trend in bone lead levels in cross-sectional studies should be carefully interpreted in light of the birth cohort effect.
Early major medical complications after surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective cohort analysis and case series.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and relative risk (RR) of early postoperative major medical complications after surgery for the management of obstructive sleep apnea. Patients and Methods This was a retrospective cohort analysis of patients who had undergone surgery for the treatment of polysomnogram-confirmed obstructive sleep apnea at 2 hospitals in Pittsburgh, PA, between 1992 and 2013. Early postoperative major medical complications were defined as either a life-threatening complication requiring intensive care unit intervention or death within the immediate hospital course. Standard demographic data, apnea-hypopnea index, Epworth Sleepiness Score, minimum nocturnal oxygen saturation, and body mass index were collected. The 2-tailed independent t test, Fisher exact test, and RR with 95% confidence interval were used. Results A total of 267 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for obstructive sleep apnea and met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. A total of 6 patients (6 of 267, 2.2%) had early major medical postoperative complications. When stratified by surgical group (intrapharyngeal vs extrapharyngeal), there were 162 intrapharyngeal patients with 2 complications (1.2%) and 105 extrapharyngeal patients with 4 complications (3.8%). We found no statistically significant difference in frequency (2 of 162 intrapharyngeal patients [1.2%] vs 4 of 105 extrapharyngeal patients [3.8%], P = .17) or RR (3.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 16.55; P = .1885) between the groups. There were statistically significant differences for mean age, apnea-hypopnea index, Epworth Sleepiness Score, minimum nocturnal oxygen saturation, and body mass index between the surgical groups. Conclusions The overall frequency of early major medical postoperative complications in upper airway surgery for obstructive sleep apnea is low, with no statistically significant difference in frequency and RR between intrapharyngeal and extrapharyngeal surgery. There may, however, be a clinically significance difference in RR possibly because of associated differences in risk factors between the groups.
Episodic rapid uplift in the Himalaya revealed by 40Ar/39Ar analysis of detrital K-feldspar and muscovite, Bengal fan

Detrital K-feldspar and muscovite samples from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 116 cores have been dated by the {sup 40}Ar/{sup 39}Ar technique and have depositional ages from 0 to 18 Ma. From 4 to 13 individual K-feldspars and 1 to 12 individual muscovites have been dated from 7 stratigraphic levels. In every level at least one K-feldspar and one muscovite yielded a minimum age identical, within uncertainty, to the age of deposition. These results indicate that a significant portion of the material in the Bengal fan is first-cycle detritus derived from the Himalaya. Therefore, the substantial amount of sediment deposited in the distal fan in early to middle Miocene time can be ascribed to a significant pulse of uplift and erosion in the collision zone at this time. Moreover, these data indicate that throughout the Neogene, some part of the Himalayan orogen was undergoing rapid erosion (1 to 10 mm/yr); this erosion must have been less than or equal to uplift relative to sea level. The lack of granulite facies rocks in the eastern Himalaya and Tibetan plateau suggests to us that very rapid uplift must have been distributed in brief pulses over different parts of the mountain belt. These datamore » are incompatible with tectonic models in which the Himalaya and Tibetan plateau are uplifted either uniformly over the past 40 m.y. or mostly within the past 2 to 5 m.y.« less
Heat and Mass Transfer in a CVD Optical Fiber Coating Process

In this paper, we study the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process used to hermetically coat optical fibers during draw. Temperature is calculated by coupling radiation and convection heat transfer by the reactor walls and gas flow with a radially-lumped heat transfer model for the moving optical fiber. Multi-component species diffusion is modeled using the Maxwell-Stefan equations. Gas-phase reaction kinetics is modeled using a 2-step chemical kinetics mechanism derived from RRKM theory with detailed kinetics data compiled from literature. Surface reaction kinetics are described using collision theory in which a sticking coefficient is used as an empirical parameter to predict surface reactions. A parameter study is carried out with various optical fiber inlet temperature and drawing speed, and validated with experiment results.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Deepened extinction from compound stimulus presentation

Three experiments with rats and 2 with pigeons explored the effect of presenting 2 extinguished excitatory stimuli in compound. Four learning situations were used: Pavlovian magazine approach, Pavlovian fear conditioning, and instrumental discriminative instrumental learning in rats, as well as Pavlovian sign tracking in pigeons. All 5 experiments confirmed D. Reberg's (1972) observation that even after extinction of the individual stimuli, presenting them in compound evoked substantial responding. Moreover, nonreinforcement of that compound deepened extinction of an element more substantially than did additional presentation of that element alone. Such compound exposure reduced spontaneous recovery, reduced reinstatement, and slowed subsequent reconditioning. The primary determinant seemed to be the enhanced associative strength rather than the enhanced conditioned responding that occurred during the nonreinforced compound.
Self-assembled collagen-like peptide fibers as templates for metallic nanowires

Inspired by nature's ability to fabricate supramolecular nanostructures from the bottom-up, materials scientists have become increasingly interested in the use of biomolecules like DNA, peptides, or proteins as templates for the creation of novel nanostructures and nanomaterials. Although the advantages of self-assembling biomolecular structures clearly lie in their chemical diversity, spatial control, and numerous geometric architectures, it is challenging to elaborate them into functional hybrid inorganic–bionanomaterials without rendering the biomolecular scaffold damaged or dysfunctional. In this study, attachment of gold nanoparticles to collagen-related self-assembling peptides at L-lysine residues incorporated within the peptide sequence and the N-terminus led to metal nanoparticle-decorated fibers. After electroless silver plating, these fibers were completely metallized, creating electrically conductive nanowires under mild conditions while leaving the peptide fiber core intact. This study demonstrates the bottom-up assembly of synthetic peptidic fibers under mild conditions and their potential as templates for other complex inorganic–organic hybrid nanostructures.
Diagenetic dolomite formation related to Paleozoic paleogeography of the Cordilleran miogeocline in Nevada

Many dolomite units in the early to middle Paleozoic Cordilleran miogeocline of Nevada formed through diagenetic replacement of subtidally deposited CaCO 3 by CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 . Across the miogeocline, the consistent temporal and spatial distribution of limestone on the west and dolomite on the east indicates that there was a paleogeographic control on diagenetic dolomite formation. Dolomitization models involving hypersaline brines are inadequate to account for the origin of regionally extensive replacement-dolomite formations in Nevada that lack associated evaporite-mineral suites. Several workers have recently proposed that the mixing of marine pore water with meteoric-derived ground water would lead to dolomitization of CaCO 3 in the subsurface, without precipitation of evaporites. We propose that subtidally deposited CaCO 3 in east-central Nevada became dolomitized in the subsurface as a result of dilution of marine pore water by fresh ground water derived from subaerially exposed tracts in the eastern part of the miogeocline. CaCO 3 sedimentary deposits in west-central Nevada were never intruded by fresh water because they were not proximal to areas of freshwater recharge; consequently, these sediments escaped dolomitization. The freshwater-seawater-mixing model is compatible with the regional extent of replacement-dolomite formations in Nevada and resolves the relation between dolomitization and paleogeography.
The role of wax comb in honey bee nestmate recognition

Abstract WORKER honey bees, Apis mellifera , are able to discriminate between combs on the basis of genetic similarity to a learned comb. The nestmate recognition cues that they acquire from the comb also have a genetically correlated component. Cues are acquired from comb in very short exposure periods (5 min or less) and can be transferred among bees that are in physical contact. Gas chromatographic analysis demonstrates that bees with exposure to comb have different chemical surface profiles than bees without such exposure. These results support the hypothesis that comb-derived recognition cues are highly important in honey bee nestmate recognition. These cues are at least in part derived from the wax itself, rather than from floral scents that have been absorbed by the wax.
Identification, Ki determination and CoMFA analysis of nuclear receptor ligands as competitive inhibitors of OATP1B1-mediated estradiol-17β-glucuronide transport

Evidence shows that drug-drug interactions can occur at the level of drug transporters such as the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), a group of membrane solute carriers that mediate the sodium-independent transport of a wide range of amphipathic organic compounds. The polyspecific OATP1B1 is exclusively expressed at the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and mediates uptake of amphipathic organic compounds from blood into hepatocytes. Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that play an important role in xenobiotic disposition and human diseases. Quite a few nuclear receptor ligands interact with transport proteins. A high-resolution three-dimensional structure is critical to understand the polyspecificity of OATP1B1 to predict and prevent adverse drug-drug interactions. Unfortunately there are no crystal structures of OATPs/Oatps available to date. Therefore, in this study we attempted to elucidate the characteristics of the substrate binding site of OATP1B1 based on small molecules interacting with it. First, we identified inhibitors of the OATP1B1 model substrate estradiol-17beta-glucuronide from about 40 nuclear receptor ligands. Among them, GW1929, paclitaxel and troglitazone were strong inhibitors, while 5 alpha-androstane, 5 alpha-androstane-3beta, 17beta-diol-17-hexahydrobenzoate and estradiol-3-benzoate were weak inhibitors. Then, we selected 25 compounds and performed inhibition kinetic studies to identify competitive inhibitors and determine their K(i) values which ranged from submicromolar to submillimolar. Finally, we performed CoMFA analysis on the identified competitive inhibitors. The CoMFA results indicate that the substrate binding site of OATP1B1 consists of a large hydrophobic middle part with basic residues at both ends that could be very important for substrate binding.
The 1976 Illini: Sweet Memories of Alma Mater

The purpose of this article is to explore the attitudes of graduates of the class of 1976 from the University of Illinois toward their alma mater over a period of fifteen years. The central question addressed in this article is: How do former students feel about their educational institution as time passes? Early research suggests that students' attachment to their educational institution becomes weaker with the passage of time. This panel data on alumni attitudes towards the academic environment indicates that contrary to evidence from past research, students developed a stronger attachment towards the educational institution with passage of time. A similar positive pattern was evident when examining the attitude towards the program major. It is possible that better experiences in the real world have made the alumni comprehend the quality of education they received at the University of Illinois. Also, favorable disposition toward one's institution seems to be, to a very considerable extent, the college's contribution to the intellectual development of the student.
The olfactory pathway mediates sheltering behavior of Caribbean spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, to conspecific urine signals

The "noses" of diverse taxa are organized into different subsystems whose functions are often not well understood. The "nose" of decapod crustaceans is organized into two parallel pathways that originate in different populations of antennular sensilla and project to specific neuropils in the brain-the aesthetasc/olfactory lobe pathway and the non-aesthetasc/lateral antennular neuropil pathway. In this study, we investigated the role of these pathways in mediating shelter selection of Caribbean spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, in response to conspecific urine signals. We compared the behavior of ablated animals and intact controls. Our results show that control and non-aesthetasc ablated lobsters have a significant overall preference for shelters emanating urine over control shelters. Thus the non-aesthetasc pathway does not play a critical role in shelter selection. In contrast, spiny lobsters with aesthetascs ablated did not show a preference for either shelter, suggesting that the aesthetasc/olfactory pathway is important for processing social odors. Our results show a difference in the function of these dual chemosensory pathways in responding to social cues, with the aesthetasc/olfactory lobe pathway playing a major role. We discuss our results in the context of why the noses of many animals contain multiple parallel chemosensory systems.
Nutrient supplementation for age-related macular degeneration, cataract, and dry eye

There have been enormous advances in the past decade for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD); however, these treatments are expensive and require frequent follow-up and injections which place a tremendous burden on both the healthcare system and patients. Consequently, there remains considerable interest in preventing or slowing the progression of AMD requiring treatment. Epidemiological studies have shown that diet is a modifiable AMD risk factor, and nutrient modification is a particularly appealing treatment for AMD due to the perceived universal benefit and relatively low expense. Recently, the age-related eye disease study part two (AREDS2) was concluded and demonstrated further benefit with the addition of lutein and zeaxanthin as a replacement for the β-carotene of the previous generation formulation. The addition of omega-3 essential fatty acids did not show an added benefit. This review aims to highlight some of the evidenced based body of knowledge that has been accumulated from recent studies regarding the use of nutritional supplements and their effect on AMD, cataracts, and dry eyes.
Mekonnen Gebremichael receives 2010 Early Career Hydrologic Sciences Award: Response

[1] Mekonnen Gebremichael received the 2010 Early Career Hydrologic Sciences Award at the 2010 AGU Fall Meeting, held 13–17 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award is for significant early-career contributions to hydrologic science.
Synthesis and Characterization of Low-Melting, Highly Volatile Magnesium MOCVD Precursors and Their Implementation in MgO Thin Film Growth

A series of low-melting, highly volatile, and thermally/air stable diamine-coordinated magnesium metal−organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) precursors, Mg(hfa)2(diamine) and Mg(hfa)3H(diamine) (hfa = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionate), has been synthesized in a single-step aqueous reaction under ambient conditions, and the molecular structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These fluorocarbon-bearing magnesium complexes exhibit significantly lower melting points and higher volatilities than most previously reported magnesium precursors for MgO thin film growth. One complex of the series, bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)(N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethylethylenediamine)magnesium(II), with a low melting point (61 °C) and excellent volatility, was successfully implemented in MgO thin film growth by MOCVD. Phase-pure MgO thin films were deposited on Corning 1737F glass, single-crystal Si, and single-crystal SrTiO3(100) and -(110), over the temperature range 550−675 °C...
Genome-virome interactions: examining the role of common viral infections in complex disease

Many diseases may be caused by the combination of a specific host genetic background and a viral infection. Here, Foxman and Iwasaki describe how viral infections may be involved in type 1 diabetes, asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. New technologies have widened our view of 'complex diseases': those with both genetic and environmental risk factors. In this Review, we explore recent genetic and virological evidence implicating host–virus interactions in three diseases: type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. The viruses implicated in these diseases cause mucosal infections that affect most of the population but are asymptomatic or mild in many hosts. These findings place a new emphasis on common viral infections as important environmental factors in the pathogenesis of complex diseases, and they compel the field to pursue a better understanding of host interactions with the human virome.
The social environment of the classroom: A Vygotskian perspective on small group process

Many Language Arts educators have argued that teacher‐led discussions of literature limit students' participation and focus their attention on the teacher's agenda rather than enabling them to construct meaning for themselves. Alternative classroom structures, such as small group discussions, have been proposed to empower students in literary analysis and to invest them in classroom discourse. However, researchers have conducted little systematic study of small group process to substantiate them as an alternative. Vygotsky's theory of the social influences on learning provides the framework for an exploratory study of the relationship between patterns of discourse in teacher‐led discussions of literature and in the small group discussions that follow them in an instructional sequence. The data suggest that small groups, when enacted in classrooms in which the teacher's discourse (a) enables students to provide their own broader social and conceptual context for the literature, and (b) explicates analytic ...
Glycogen disease resembling mongolism, cretinism, and amytonia congenita; case report and review of literature.

Summary 1. An infant who succumbed at 6 months of age to the cardiomuscular type of glycogen storage disease is reported, the twentieth such patient in the literature. 2. The features which strongly resembled both cretinism and mongolism early in her course are described, as well as the reasons for the final ante-mortem diagnosis of amyotonia congenita. 3. A close correlation between clinical signs and pathologic findings is found. 4. Evidence presented and literature reviewed suggest that the patient represents a definite subtype of the cardiac variety of glycogen disease in which glycogen deposition in the central nervous system is a prominent feature. 5. It is suggested that glycogen disease should be strongly considered when a young infant is encountered who presents the clinical picture of cretinism with macroglossia, marked generalized muscle hypotonia, and cardiac enlargement.
Inert Trace Constituent Transport in Sigma and Hybrid Isentropic–Sigma Models. Part II: Twelve Semi-Lagrangian Algorithms

Abstract Part I of this paper examined nine trace constituent advection algorithms as applied in channel versions of the University of Wisconsin hybrid isentropic–sigma (θ–σ) and sigma (σ) models. This paper examines the performance of 12 semi-Lagrangian transport (SLT) algorithms in the same models. The interpolants of trace constituent include second- through twelfth-order Lagrangian, an overlapping polynomial, a quasi-monotonic scheme, and two sixth-order schemes that employ derivative estimates. Additional experiments are performed that emulate the SLT algorithm in the NCAR Community Climate Model 2. As in Part I, these three-dimensional simulations are under adiabatic conditions so that conservation of the initial trace constituent maximum on an isentropic surface, and conservation of the areas between any two constituent contours, can be used as objective measures of SLT algorithm accuracy. Further, the experiments provide comparisons not only between the different SLT formulations but also between ...
The negative ion photoelectron (photodetachment) spectra of NO− (H2O)n=1,2

We have recorded the negative ion photoelectron spectra of NO-(H,O),=l,z and NO- (D20), using 2.540 eV photons. Vertical detachment energies, adiabatic electron affmities, and anion-single solvent dissociation (sequential solvation) energies were determined from these spectra. For NO- (H20), and NO- (H,O),, the ion-solvent dissociation energies for the loss of single water molecules were found to be 0.72 and 0.68 eV, respectively. This system is discussed in relation both to other hydrated-anion complexes and to other NO- complexes.
BIOGENIC SULFURIC ACID ATTACK ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMMERCIALLY PRODUCED CONCRETE SEWER PIPES

Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the degradation of low and high quality concrete under conditions simulating sewer pipes with and without bacteria. Small concrete samples were exposed to hydrogen sulfide, multiple species of bacteria found in corroding sewer pipes and artificial wastewater. Experiments without bacteria were used as controls. The corrosion rates of the concrete samples exposed to bacteria over 227 days were 0.08 mm/yr (millimeters per year) for the concrete from a domestic manufacturer with moderate strength and a lower water–cement ratio (Low-w/c) versus 0.208 mm/yr for the concrete samples from a foreign country with low strength and a higher water–cement ratio (High-w/c). The (Low-w/c) concrete was more resistant to the biodegradation even though a lower pH was attained for its bioactive systems. Experiments showed the influence of biogenic sulfuric acid production on short term corrosion rates.
High current hollow cathode tube as a source of metastable atoms

A source for the continuous production of neutral metastable atoms is described. A hollow cathode discharge tube was used to produce densities of 3.5 times 10 to the 13th per cu cm and column densities of 1.6 times 10 to the 15th per sq cm in the 4s(2)2D metastable term of neutral copper. The accuracy of these density determinations (+ or - 30 to + or - 66%) is limited by the oscillator strengths required for the analysis. The usefulness of the source was demonstrated by measurements of relative oscillator strengths of some Cu I lines in the 2200 A wavelength region. These data are compared with those obtained by other methods.
Differential scanning calorimetric investigation of pea chloroplast thylakoids and thylakoid fractions.

Abstract High sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to study the thermal denaturation of components of pea chloroplast thylakoid membranes. In contrast to previous reports utilizing spinach thylakoids, several transitions are reversible, and deconvolution of the calorimetric curves indicates nine transitions in both first and second heating scans, but overlapping transitions obscure at least three transitions in the first heating scans of control thylakoids. Glutaraldehyde fixation increases the denaturation temperature of several transitions which is consistent with a reported increase in thermal stability of thylakoid function due to fixation. Acidic pH treatment has little effect on the DSC curves, although it has been reported to have a significant effect on membrane structure. Separation of grana from stroma thylakoids indicates that components responsible for transitions centered at approximately 56, 73, 77, and 91 °C are predominately or exclusively associated with grana thylakoids, whereas components responsible for transitions centered at approximately 63 and 81 °C are predominately associated with stroma thylakoids. A broad transition centered at 66 °C is associated with grana thylakoids, whereas a sharp transition at the same temperature is due to a component associated with stroma thylakoids. Evidence obtained by washing treatments suggests the latter transition originates from the denaturation of the thylakoid ATPase (CF1). Analysis of the calorimetric enthalpy values indicates most components of the grana thylakoids denature irreversibly at high temperature, whereas components associated with the stroma thylakoids have a considerable degree of thermal reversibility.
Cognitive radio spectrum prediction using dictionary learning

Spatio-temporal spectrum prediction algorithms for cognitive radios (CRs) are developed using the framework of dictionary learning and compressive sensing. The interference power levels at each CR node locations are predicted using the measurements from a subset of CR nodes without a priori knowledge on the primary transmitters. Batch and online alternatives are presented, where the online algorithm features low complexity and memory requirements. Numerical tests verify the performance of the proposed novel methods.
Mirex-induced liver enlargement in rats is dependent upon an intact pituitary-adrenalcortical axis

The effect of prior hypophysectomy upon mirex-induced liver hypertrophy in male Sprague-Dawley rats was examined. Mirex had no effect upon adrenal weight, liver weight, plasma glucose or plasma corticosterone in hypophysectomized rats. However, daily corticosterone supplements (20 mg/kg body weight, sc) given to mirex-treated hypophysectomized animals yielded a 52% increase in liver weight to body weight ratios over those observed in mirex-treated hypophysectomized animals not receiving supplement. In intact rats, both liver weight to body weight ratios and plasma ACTH were significantly increased over controls 2 days after mirex treatment. These results indicate that mirex-induced liver enlargement not only requires corticosterone, but that the response is dependent upon an intact pituitary-adrenalcortical axis.
Short Stature and Growth Hormone Deficiency Due to Histiocytosis X

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a common complication of histiocytosis X. Anterior pituitary function has not been previously systematically studied. Both anterior and posterior pituitary function has been evaluated in 11 children with histiocytosis. The following methods were used. Insulin hypoglycemia and arginine infusion for HGH, serum PBI, T4, and 191I uptake for thyroid function, and metyrapone stimulation for adrenal function. Concentrating ability was used as an index of vasopressin release. Gonadotropin was assessed by physical examination only. In 6 patients, only vasopressin and growth hormone (GH) response was studied. In 5 thyroid and adrenocortical evaluation was alos obtianed. Of the 11 children, 4 were of normal height for age, while 7 were below the 3rd percentile. Those children with normal height all had normal GH response. Two of them had DI with normal thyroid and adrenal function. Of the 7 children with retardation of linear growth, 6 were found to be GH deficient. The 1 child with normal GH had a strong family history of short stature. Five had DI and all were GH deficient. Thyroid studies were normal in 2 and adrenal studies in 3 of these. One child had histiocytosis of the thyroid gland with goiter and hypothyroidism. In 3 children of adolescent age with short stature, GH deficiency and DI, puberty was delayed. This study documents that histocytosis may involve the anterior and/or posterior pituitary. An adequate clinical evaluation should include study of the anterior pituitary.
Contactless growth of ZnSe single crystals by physical vapor transport

ZnSe crystals were grown by self-seeded physical vapor transport (PVT) technique in the horizontal configuration. The source materials were heat treated by H2 reduction to remove the oxide followed by baking under dynamic vacuum to adjust the source composition toward that of congruent sublimation. Contactless growth of ZnSe single crystals have been performed consistently using three different source materials. The crystals grew away from the wall during the later stage of the growth with large (110) facets tend to align parallel to the gravity direction. The Scanning Electron Micrography (SEM) micrographs and the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) images showed that large (110) terraces and steps dominate the as-grown facets. The measured residual gas pressures in the processed ampoules agree well among various source materials and the major components were CO and H2. No preferred growth direction was found. The one-dimensional diffusion model on the mass flux of a multi-species PVT system was employed to analyze the conditions for contactless growth. The calculated thermal profile for supersaturation is very close to the thermal profile measured inside the empty furnace bore in the region of contactless growth. The effects of convective flows in the vapor phase inside the ampoule on the growth processes are discussed.