cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Saving Magnesia Through Correct Opinion

The goal of the city of Plato’s Laws is the production of virtue in all its citizens. The production of virtue requires technical skill because the rulers must know the changeable conditions of people’s souls (Laws 1, 650B). Because rulers must work with changeable natures, theirs is a skill and not a pure science. According to the standards set forth in the Philebus, their skill needs to be supplemented by knowledge. Failing that, they may treat the political art as purely artificial and detached from natural standards of justice (10, 889D–E). However, it is difficult for one person to have both the requisite knowledge and the ability to put it into practical effect (9, 875A). Therefore, the Athenian proposes the creation of a Nocturnal Council (or better, Caucus), to both study the natural basis of virtue and to supervise its development and maintenance in the citizens of Magnesia. A body of officials and young proteges is needed so the Caucus will have both the knowledge and technical skill it needs to secure virtue in the city. Although the Nocturnal Caucus does not have supreme power, it exercises the greatest power in the city, creating a functioning oligarchy, despite Plato’s efforts to cast Magnesia as a mixed regime.
Eroding U.S. Soybean Competitiveness and Market Shares: What Is the Road Ahead?

Although the United States is still the dominant country in the world soybean market, the U.S. market share of soybean world trade is declining. This study quantifies the decline that result from changes in ocean freight rates and Brazil’s infrastructure development. The results suggest that the U.S. world market share could further decline by 20 percentage points without improvements in the U.S. infrastructure from the farm to the port. A decline of 1 percent in the U.S. soybean market share is equivalent to $500 million lost in export sales, based on a world soybean trade volume of 100 million metric tons and today’s price of soybeans. Market shares for the United States, Argentina, and Brazil converge and reach equilibrium over the study period, despite the variability of the ocean freight rates.
Bifurcations and Routes to Chaos

In Chapter 5 we saw that the stability of a dynamical system depends on the values that certain parameter(s) assume. Thus, the equilibrium state of the system may be stable for some range of the parameter(s) and unstable for others. When the equilibrium state is stable, we need not worry about anything. No changes are going to take place in the dynamics of the system. If the equilibrium state is unstable, however, changes are anticipated. We saw that in these cases the equilibrium state is a repeller or a saddle, and all trajectories diverge. Where do they go? What happens to them?
The effect of lysogenic induction on the deoxyribonucleases of Escherichia coli K12(λ): II. The kinetics of formation of a new exonuclease and its relation to phage development

Abstract In association with the induction of phage development in E. coli K12(λ), or during lethal infection of E. coli K12S with the phage λ, there is a marked rise in cellular DNase activity which is due to the appearance of a new phage-related exonuclease. When induction is carried out with mitomycin C, synthesis of the new DNase begins early in the latent period and continues until phage maturation is complete or until lysis occurs. During thymineless induction, enzyme synthesis begins early in the induction period and continues for as long as thymine deprivation is maintained. Upon addition of thymine to the culture, which permits viral DNA replication to begin, there is an abrupt cessation of DNase synthesis. These data suggest that an early step in the induction process allows the expression of the transcription functions of the λ-prophage independently of its replication, and that control of the cessation of virus-directed enzyme formation is in some way related to viral DNA synthesis. Superinfection of a lysogenically induced culture of K12(λ)thy− with the noninducible phage λ ind− results in a parallel inhibition of the induction process and of DNase formation. This may indicate that λ ind− acts by blocking the ability of prophage DNA to initiate enzyme synthesis.
The Production of New Particles and Muon-electron Events in e+ e- Annihilation at SPEAR

It is about 18 months since the discovery of the first ψ particle at SPEAR (Augustin et al . 1974; Abrams et al . 1974) and at BNL (Aubert et al . 1974). During this time, the e+e- colliding-beam experiments have found a huge amount of new information on this new layer of hadron structure : nine states with widths ranging from tens of kilovolts to many megavolts, the principal decay modes and quantum numbers of some of the states, limits on charmed-particle production, μe events, etc. There is too much to review in a single talk, so I shall limit my discussion to the new states, the total hadron cross section, and the μe events. The work that I shall discuss has been done by the SLAC/LBL magnetic detector group at the SPEAR e+e- storage ring of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.
“KEEPING OUR MISSION, CHANGING OUR SYSTEM”: Translation and Organizational Change in Natural Foods Co‐ops‡

Institutional theory has played a central role in the study of organizations for over half a century, but it often overlooks the actions of the people who bring organizations to life. This article advances an inhabited approach to institutional analysis that foregrounds the creativity of organizational members. It argues that people use local cultures to translate and respond to institutional pressures. The article analyzes qualitative data from countercultural co-op stores that have been pushed to conform to mainstream forms of business organization by a competitive market and demonstrates that translation explains why outcomes that institutional theory would not predict have come to pass.
Should All Drugs Be Patentable?: A Comparative Perspective

Although there has been substantial discussion of the proper scope of patentable subject matter in recent years, drugs have been overlooked. This Article begins to address that gap with a comparative perspective. In particular, this Article considers what is permissible under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), as well as how India and Canada have utilized TRIPS flexibilities in different ways to properly reward developers of valuable new drugs, while also considering the social harm of higher prices beyond an initial patent term on drugs. This Article brings valuable insight into this area at a critical time. Many have noted that the industry is in a crisis because, despite exponentially increasing expenditures, the number of new drugs produced has been stagnant. Moreover, a predominant number of the slim pipeline features drugs that are not highly innovative. At the same time, the industry and some academics are seeking to increase protection of drugs in the United States and beyond, which could further exacerbate existing problems.
Loadstar: load shedding in data stream mining

In this demo, we show that intelligent load shedding is essential in achieving optimum results in mining data streams under various resource constraints. The Loadstar system introduces load shedding techniques to classifying multiple data streams of large volume and high speed. Loadstar uses a novel metric known as the quality of decision (QoD) to measure the level of uncertainty in classification. Resources are then allocated to sources where uncertainty is high. To make optimum classification decisions and accurate QoD measurement, Loadstar relies on feature prediction to model the data dropped by the load shedding mechanism. Furthermore, Loadstar is able to adapt to the changing data characteristics in data streams. The system thus offers a nice solution to data mining with resource constraints.
The Relationship Between Entrepreneurship, Market Orientation and Performance

Abstract This study examines die relationship between organizational entrepreneurship, market orientation and performance in a developing economy, namely Saudi Arabia. The difference in market characteristics and values from that of developed economies was expected to pose challenges for the relationship. The results continue to support the positive performance effects of entrepreneurship and market orientation. Also, the interaction of the two positively affects performance. Companies high on market orientation and entrepreneurship are the best performers. The study assists in the generalization of the performance impact and emphasizes the need for joint implementation of market orientation and entrepreneurial programs. Implications for managers and policy makers are discussed.
Aileen Fyfe. Steam-Powered Knowledge: William Chambers and the Business of Publishing, 1820–1860. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012. 313p. $50 (ISBN 9780226276519).

Steam-Powered Knowledge: William Chambers and the Business of Publishing, 1820–1860 is an exploration of the emerging technologies in the mid-nineteenth century that led to a rise in the availability of low-cost books—cheap print, as it was called. New technologies such as the steam-powered printing press and stereotype plates converged with the emergence of railways and steamships. With these new techniques, books could be produced and sold at a significantly lower cost, making them accessible to a wider audience. A virtuous cycle was created; inexpensive books led to a rise in literacy in England that in turn increased the . . .
In Defense of Punishment Theory, and Contra Stephen: A Reply to DeGirolami

Marc DeGirolami’s searching recent essay in this Journal is — appropriately enough — hard to categorize, or even to summarize. It aims to criticize the rise of “theory” in the academic study of criminal punishment, but it does not stop at merely being critical. Rather, it attempts to revive the thought of James Fitzjames Stephen, and also to urge a better way of looking at the study of punishment: one that is more historically oriented as well as more pluralist. Stephen’s thought, DeGirolami complains, has been misunderstood and flattened, and it is our loss. We have lost not only the views of a surprising, and surprisingly relevant, historical figure, but more importantly we have lost a kind of sensitivity that is missing in much of contemporary philosophy of punishment.I want to resist DeGirolami’s praise of Stephen, but more than this, I want to register an objection to his near-universal panning of theory. Theory in any case is poorly defined by DeGirolami, which ironically prevents him from seeing how Stephen himself was a theoretician, and how DeGirolami’s own pluralism is a theory, albeit an incomplete one (at best). Moreover, it is theory itself that shows us how Stephen is mistaken on several key substantive issues and why we are right to leave Stephen largely behind.My paper divides into three parts. The first part is heavily critical of DeGirolami’s case against theory: the brickbats he throws at theory are poorly developed and for the most part misfire. What we need is not to get rid of theory (supposing this is even possible), but to have a better understanding of what theory is. The second part, more positive, aims to develop in a little more detail Stephen’s positions on various issues. Stephen had theories about criminal law and how to think about it, theories worth taking seriously. But at the same time, they were theories we should ultimately reject. I briefly conclude on the relevance of history to contemporary punishment theory and expand a little more on what I’ve said earlier about what punishment theory should become. Pace DeGirolami, we need punishment theory more than ever but punishment theory of the right kind.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 167

Abstract Experimental data petaining to all nuclei with mass A=167 have been evalutated. Level schemes from both radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented, along with associated tables of experimental data and adopted properties for levels and γ rays. This evaluation for A= 167, which considers data received by September 1988, supersedes the 1976 compilation of B. Harmatz (76Ha02), published in Nuclear Data Sheets 17, 143 (1976).
Product Innovation and the Spatial Dynamics of Market Intelligence: Does Proximity to Markets Matter?

: The expanding literature on the contribution of producer services to production and new product development makes it clear that information about markets, or market intelligence (MI), is a critical input to product innovation. At the same time, research on user-producer interaction suggests that as distance between producers and users increases, the amount of information exchanged tends to decline because opportunities for face-to-face contact diminish. The implication is that firms in peripheral locations and countries with small domestic markets may have difficulty generating sufficient MI to develop successful products. Yet, other studies suggest that it may be possible for producers with small or weak home markets to import information inputs quite effectively from larger or more sophisticated markets. My objectives in this paper are twofold. First, I outline the nature of MI and its value to producers based on the existing literature and empirical research in the Canadian software product sector. Second, I investigate the spatial dimensions of the MI process. The geographic source of the various components of MI is determined, and the implications of distance between producers and markets for the acquisition of information such as MI are addressed. The findings of this exploratory study are not definitive, however, this analysis suggests that while MI is a crucial input to product innovation, proximity between producers and markets plays a limited role in effective product innovation.
Recent developments in the growth of synthetic quartz

Processes for the growth of large crystals of synthetic quartz of piezo-electric quality are now well-established. They all involve the recrystallization of quartz from solution under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure. Two recent developments, which could have profound effect in the future, are described, namely the use of impure nutrients as the source of silica, and the development of a technique for the growth of crystals of the highest possible quality for use in frequency standards and other high-stability applications.
Teaching an Old Hormone New Tricks: Cytosolic Ca2+ Elevation Involvement in Plant Brassinosteroid Signal Transduction Cascades

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are hormones that control many aspects of plant growth and development, acting at the cell level to promote division and expansion. BR regulation of plant and plant cell function occurs through altered expression of many genes. Transcriptional reprogramming downstream from cell perception of this hormone is currently known to be mediated by a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation (“phosphorelay”) cascade that alters the stability of two master transcription regulators. Here, we provide evidence that BR perception by their receptor also causes an elevation in cytosolic Ca2+, initiating a Ca2+ signaling cascade in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell cytosol. BR-dependent increases in the expression of some genes (INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID-INDUCIBLE1 and PHYTOCHROME B ACTIVATION-TAGGED SUPPRESSOR1) were impaired in wild-type plants by a Ca2+ channel blocker and also in the defense-no-death (dnd1) mutant, which lacks a functional cyclic GMP-activated cell membrane Ca2+-conducting channel. Alternatively, mutations that impair the BR phosphorelay cascade did not much affect the BR-dependent expression of these genes. Similar effects of the Ca2+ channel blocker and dnd1 mutation were observed on a BR plant growth phenotype, deetiolation of the seedling hypocotyl. Further evidence presented in this report suggests that a BR-dependent elevation in cyclic GMP may be involved in the Ca2+ signaling cascade initiated by this hormone. The work presented here leads to a new model of the molecular steps that mediate some of the cell responses to this plant hormone.
The Cauchy-Stefan problem

The problem of solidification of two semi-infinite materials with arbitrarily prescribed initial conditions is studied. This is different from the classical Stefan problem; there are no prescribed boundary conditions. It is found that there are, depending on the prescribed initial conditions, four different possibilities: (i) solidification starts immediately and the interfacial boundary is of the order oft1/2 ast→0, (ii) solidification also starts immediately but the interfacial boundary is of an order other thant1/2, (iii) no solidification will ever occur, and (iv) there is a pre-solidification period during which the temperatures of both materials are redistributed and solidification will occur only after the surface temperature has reached the freezing point. Conditions for the occurrence of these cases are examined and established. The exact solutions for each of these cases are derived and discussed.
Glutamine transport at the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers.

Abstract Glutamine has multiple physiological and pathophysiological roles in the brain. Because of their position at the interface between blood and brain, the cerebral capillaries and the choroid plexuses that form the blood–brain barriers (BBB) and blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barriers, have the potential to influence brain glutamine concentrations. Despite this, there has been a paucity of data on the mechanisms and polarity of glutamine transport at these barrier tissues. In situ brain perfusion in the rat, indicates that blood to brain l -[ 14 C ]glutamine transport at the blood–brain barrier is primarily mediated by a pH-dependent, Na+-dependent, System N transporter, but that blood to choroid plexus transport is primarily via a pH-independent System N transporter and a Na+-independent carrier that is not System L. Transport studies in isolated rat choroid plexuses and primary cultures of choroid plexus epithelial cells indicate that epithelial l -[ 14 C ]glutamine transport is polarized (apical uptake>basolateral) and that uptake at the apical membrane is mediated by pH dependent System N transporters (identified as SN1 and SN2 by polymerase chain reaction) and the Na+-independent System L. Blood–brain barrier System N transport is markedly effected by cerebral ischemia and may be a good marker of endothelial cell dysfunction. The multiple glutamine transporters at the blood–brain and blood–CSF barriers may have role in meeting the metabolic needs of the brain and the barrier tissues themselves. However, it is likely that the main role of these transporters is removing glutamine, and thus nitrogen, from the brain.
Extrafollicular Activation of Lymph Node B Cells by Antigen-Bearing Dendritic Cells

In contrast to naive T cells that recognize short antigen-derived peptides displayed by specialized antigen-presenting cells, immunoglobulin receptors of B lymphocytes primarily recognize intact proteins. How and where within a lymph node such unprocessed antigens become available for naive B cell recognition is not clear. We used two-photon intravital imaging to show that, after exiting high-endothelial venules and before entry into lymph node follicles, B cells survey locally concentrated dendritic cells. Engagement of the B cell receptor by the dendritic cell (DC)-associated antigen leads to lymphocyte calcium signaling, migration arrest, antigen acquisition, and extrafollicular accumulation. These findings suggest a possible role for antigen-specific B-DC interactions in promoting T cell-dependent antibody responses in vivo.
An energy-consistent dispersive shallow-water model

The flow of inviscid liquid in a shallow layer with free surface is revisited in the framework of the Boussinesq approximation. The unnecessary approximations connected with the moving frame are removed and a Boussinesq model is derived which is Galilean invariant to the leading asymptotic order. The Hamiltonian structure of the new model is demonstrated. The conservation and/or balance laws for wave mass, energy and wave momentum (pseudo-momentum) are derived. A new localized solution is obtained analytically and compared to the classical Boussinesq sech. Numerical simulation of the collision of two solitary waves is conducted and the impact of Galilean invariance on phase shift is discussed.
Technique: oblique radial osteotomy for supination syndrome

Abstract Supination syndrome is a relatively common upper-extremity deformity in patients with incomplete recovery after severe brachial plexus injuries. It is a highly disabling condition because of the awkward positioning of the forearm and, hence, the hand. Historically, one surgical option has been to transfer the distal tendon of the biceps brachii muscle. However, the efficacy of this procedure often may be limited because of contractures of the interosseous membrane and proximal and distal radioulnar joint capsules. A second surgical option has been to perform a rotational osteotomy of the radius. This typically has been performed nonphysiologically by rotating the radius upon itself. A more physiologic approach would be to perform the osteotomy in a manner that allows rotation of the radius around the ulna, as it does in normal forearm pronation. Such an osteotomy has been developed and found to be quick and reliable, resulting in use of muscles not functional with the forearm in static supination and allowing for more effective staged tendon transfers.
Racial Differences in Networks: Do Neighborhood Conditions Matter?*

Objectives. This study examines which of five neighborhood conditions help account for racial differences in social networks. Methods. The data set is the Urban Poverty and Family Life Survey, a survey of blacks, whites, Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans clustered in Chicago Census tracts, matched to 1990 Census data. I estimate HGLM models predicting five indicators of social isolation and five indicators of number of social ties as a function of race, controls, and the following neighborhood conditions: neighborhood poverty, proportion black, residential stability, ethnic heterogeneity, and population density. Results. Although initial estimates confirm the existence of racial differences in network size, most of these differences are not robust to controls for neighborhood conditions. Among the neighborhood variables, only neighborhood poverty is consistently associated with size of social networks. Conclusions. Findings suggest that while residential segregation has created conditions in which some races are more likely to live in high-poverty neighborhoods, it is the poverty, not the racial composition, of the neighborhoods that is significantly associated with weaker social ties.
Preactivation with IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 Induces CD25 and a Functional High-Affinity IL-2 Receptor on Human Cytokine-Induced Memory-like Natural Killer Cells

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are effector lymphocytes that are under clinical investigation for the adoptive immunotherapy of hematologic malignancies, especially acute myeloid leukemia. Recent work in mice has identified innate memory-like properties of NK cells. Human NK cells also exhibit memory-like properties, and cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) NK cells are generated via brief preactivation with IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18, which later exhibit enhanced functionality upon restimulation. However, the optimal cytokine receptors and signals for maintenance of enhanced function and homeostasis after preactivation remain unclear. Here, we show that IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 preactivation induces a rapid and prolonged expression of CD25, resulting in a functional high-affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2Rαβγ) that confers responsiveness to picomolar concentrations of IL-2. The expression of CD25 correlated with STAT5 phosphorylation in response to picomolar concentrations of IL-2, indicating the presence of a signal-competent IL-2Rαβγ. Furthermore, picomolar concentrations of IL-2 acted synergistically with IL-12 to costimulate IFN-γ production by preactivated NK cells, an effect that was CD25 dependent. Picomolar concentrations of IL-2 also enhanced NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity via the IL-2Rαβγ. Further, after adoptive transfer into immunodeficient NOD-SCID-γc−/− mice, human cytokine–preactivated NK cells expand preferentially in response to exogenous IL-2. Collectively, these data demonstrate that human CIML NK cells respond to IL-2 via IL-2Rαβγ with enhanced survival and functionality, and they provide additional rationale for immunotherapeutic strategies that include brief cytokine preactivation before adoptive NK cell transfer, followed by low-dose IL-2 therapy.
Critical effects of aging and nutritional state on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and galanin gene expression in lean and genetically obese Zucker rats.

We have investigated, by Northern blot analysis, the hypothalamic gene expression [messenger RNA (mRNA)] of two appetite stimulating neuropeptides, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) in lean (+/+) and genetically obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats at 11, 24 and 40 weeks of age and their responsiveness to food deprivation. At 11 weeks of age, hypothalamic NPY mRNA levels of fa/fa rats were similar to those observed in lean littermates. However, NPY mRNA levels of fa/fa rats were significantly greater than those of lean rats at 24 (+126%; P < 0.01) and 40 (+65%; P < 0.05) weeks of age. Food deprivation caused a significant increase in NPY mRNA levels in both lean and fa/fa Zucker rats at 11 and 24 weeks of age, but not at 40 weeks old rats. Hypothalamic GAL mRNA showed a different pattern of change. The relative content of GAL mRNA in 11 week old obese rats was significantly lower (−68%; P < 0.05) than that of lean rats, while GAL and mRNA was significantly higher in 40 week old (+57%; P < 0.05) obese rats compared to their lean littermates. At 24 weeks of age, hypothalamic GAL mRNA levels did not differ between lean and obese rats. Food deprivation induced no change in hypothalamic GAL mRNA in lean rats of all 3 ages; however, it caused an increase of GAL mRNA in obese rats at 11 (+60%; P < 0.05) and 24 (+44%; P < 0.05) weeks, but not at 40 weeks. These findings demonstrate that hypothalamic NPY and GAL gene expression differs between lean and obese rats, as a function of age and nutritional state and they also suggest that alterations in NPY and GAL mRNA levels of the obese rat are secondary manifestations of the obese state, rather than the primary cause of obesity.
Evaluation of mouse whole body bone marrow cellularity and distribution of hematopoietic progenitors

Abstract In order to perform murine transplant experiments, marrow cells are usually harvested from hind legs bones either by bone marrow flushing or bone crushing. We examined the feasibility of harvesting whole skeleton marrow in regards to cell numbers and progenitor potential. Bones of BALB/c mice were dissected and flushed with cold HBSS or crushed in a mortar with cold HBSS buffer. The obtained solution was filtered on a 40 μm strainer, then washed once. Cells were counted with a hemocytometer. For HPP analysis, 20,000 cells were plated in soft agar with 7 factors. Total marrow cell counts averaged 525 ± 34 × 10 6 cells/mouse (n = 7). Comparison of flushed hind legs (2 tibias, femurs, iliac) with crushed hind legs gave 114 and 96 × 10 6 cells, respectively. Crushed spine gave 170 × 10 6 cells. The progenitor content of each region, compared by HPP, is shown in the table (colonies/20,000 plated). Significant increase of progenitors was found between flushed and crushed legs and between legs and spine. Despite showing more total colonies, whole body showed equal percentages of HPP compared to crushed legs. The difference observed between flushed and crushed legs may indicate a cortical localization of progenitors. Total marrow harvest is feasible, economical and provides high numbers of hematopoietic cells rich in progenitors.
A semi-parametric censored regression estimator

Abstract This paper introduces a semi-parametric method for estimating regression co underlying parent population of errors in censored. The method is an example of the method of sieves; and it provides simultaneous estimates of the regression coefficients and the density of the underlying parent population. In the very simplest terms, the underlying unknown density is approximated by a spline with mesh size approaching zero with the sample size. The values of the density at the knots are then added to the list of the usual unknown parameters in a censored regression model, e.g., the regression coefficients and scale parameter. A quasi-likelihood function using the approximate spline density is then maximized over all the parameters mentioned above. The method is shown to result in strongly consistent parameter estimates.
Subunits in chloroplast lamellae.

The structure of chlorophyll-containing lamellae has been studied in freeze-etched preparations of isolated and in situ chloroplasts. These lamellae are composed of at least two classes of subunits. The first type of subunit has an average diameter of 175 A and is not less than 90 A high. It corresponds in size and distribution to the quantasome. The second type of subunit has an average diameter of 110 A and appears to form part of an embedding matrix around the larger, 175 A, units. Thus, chloroplast lamellae consist of a matrix within which are densely packed subunits that form the major structural constituents of the photosynthetic membrane.
Current issues in coronary artery stenting in the elderly

The aim of this review is to present current trends and outcomes among elderly patients undergoing coronary stenting for treatment of symptomatic coronary artery disease. Elderly patients are at higher risk for morbidity and mortality after coronary revascularization procedures. Acute and long-term outcomes relative to increased baseline risk factors and other competing mortality risks are reviewed for stenting and the alternatives of medical or surgical treatment. Improvement in quality of life is discussed as an outcome that some have regarded as more germane than simple survival in this population. Caution is urged for the often avoidable complications related to vascular injury, bleeding and contrast nephropathy, which are more common in the elderly after stenting and are independently associated with increased mortality. The authors also review the increasing relevance of coronary stent outcomes among the elderly in the context of the newer drug-eluting stents that have revolutionized percutaneous re...
Gaming industry employees' responses to responsible gambling training: a public health imperative.

Gaming industry employees work in settings that create personal health risks. They also have direct contact with customers who might engage in multiple risky activities (e.g., drinking, smoking, and gambling) and might need to facilitate help-seeking by patrons or co-workers who experience problems. Consequently, the empirical examination of the processes and procedures designed to prepare employees for such complex situations is a public health imperative. In the current study we describe an evaluation of the Casino, Inc. Play Responsibly responsible gaming program. We surveyed 217 employees prior to and 1 month after (n = 116) they completed a multimedia driven responsible gambling training program. We observed that employees improved their knowledge of responsible gambling concepts from baseline to follow-up. The Play Responsibly program was more successful in providing new knowledge than it was in correcting mistaken beliefs that existed prior to training. We conclude, generally, that Play Responsibly is associated with increases in employees’ responsible gambling knowledge.
Multidetector CT angiography of pediatric vascular malformations and hemangiomas: utility of 3-D reformatting in differential diagnosis

Background: Vascular malformations can be difficult to diagnose and classify. Accurate classification is important because treatments and prognosis vary based on the type of lesion. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical features with a variety of imaging techniques, including US, MRI/MRA, CT, and conventional angiography. Objective: We hypothesized that imaging features seen on 3-D reformatted images obtained with multidetector CT angiography (CTA) would aid in differential diagnosis of types of vascular anomalies. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed CT scans of 11 patients with vascular lesions and pathologically proven diagnoses in which 3-D reformatting was obtained.Results: The 3-D images accurately diagnosed hemangiomas and lymphangiomas in all cases, in contrast to diagnosis by clinical criteria and planar CT, which was difficult or inaccurate. The 3-D CTA did not aid in the distinction between venous malformations and arteriovenous malformations (AVM), which appeared similar. Conclusions: Our preliminary observations suggest that volume-rendered reformatting is helpful in categorizing clinically significant vascular head and neck lesions, resulting in more diagnostic value than planar CT imaging alone. In particular, 3-D CTA might allow accurate differentiation of hemangiomas from AVM, and of lymphangiomas from other types of lesions, which was, in our series, not possible using clinical examination or conventional planar CT angiography.
Mithrax (Mithraculus) Commensalis, a New West Indian Spider Crab (Decapoda, Majidae) Commensal With a Sea Anemone

[Eine neue Spinnenkrabbenart, Mithrax (Mithraculus) commensalis, wird aus westindischen Gewassern beschrieben. Die Unterschiede gegenuber der nahe verwandten Art Mitbrax (Mithraculus) cinctimanus werden erortert. Die neue Art ist dadurch besonders interessant, dass sie kommensal auf Seerosen gefunden werde, die wahrscheinlich zur Gattung Stoichactis gehoren., Eine neue Spinnenkrabbenart, Mithrax (Mithraculus) commensalis, wird aus westindischen Gewassern beschrieben. Die Unterschiede gegenuber der nahe verwandten Art Mitbrax (Mithraculus) cinctimanus werden erortert. Die neue Art ist dadurch besonders interessant, dass sie kommensal auf Seerosen gefunden werde, die wahrscheinlich zur Gattung Stoichactis gehoren.]
Adaptive digital filters

Both analog and equivalent digital filters having adaptive capability are discussed. The analysis is restricted to second order sections but is extendable. Simple to implement gradient procedures using energy or phase information are used. Neither require supervised adaption. Applications include tracking nonstationary signals such as in seismic and acoustical sensing. Aside from the results shown, the tutorial nature of the paper establishes the need for further study to determine the optimum transformation that will minimize the interaction of the analog parameters (center frequency and bandwidth) in the transformed digital domain. It is suggested that this be realized by adaptive decorrelation, modification of the topological structures, and design of sm appropriate equivalent transformation.
Evaluation of micromolar compleximetric titrations for the determination of the complexing capacity of natural waters

Abstract The titration of micromolar levels of complexing agents with metal ion titrants, and voltammetric methods to locate the equivalence point, has been evaluated experimentally and theoretically. Both anodic stripping voltammetry and differential pulse polarography give systematically low results if labile metal ions are used as titrants. Low-temperature (0 °C) dual-cell anodic stripping voltammetry greatly minimizes the effects of metal complex lability but the mercury film electrodes deteriorate rapidly because of temperature cycling. A micromolar compleximetric titration with a voltammetric end-point is not a practical method for determining the complexing capacity of natural waters.
Automotive electronics: steady growth for years to come!

The world of electronics is witnessing a revolution in the way products are conceived, designed and implemented. The ever growing importance of the web, the advent of microprocessors of great computational power, the explosion of wireless communication, the development of new generations of integrated sensors and actuators are changing the world in which we live and work. The new key words are:• Disappearing electronics, i.e., electronics has to be invisible to the user, it has to help unobtrusively.• Pervasive computing, i.e., electronics is everywhere, all common use objects will have an electronic dimension.• Ambient intelligence, i.e., the environment will react to us with the use of electronic components. They will recognize who we are and what we like.• Wearable computing, i.e., the new devices will be worn as a watch or a hat. They will become part of our clothes. Some of these devices will be tags that will contain all important information about us.• Know more, carry less, i.e., the environment will know more about us so that we will not need to carry all the paraphernalia of keys, credit cards, personal I.D.s, access cards, access codes.
Polarimetric imaging using a continuously spinning polarizer element

To derive the polarization characteristics of a remotely sensed object, a time-sequential polarimeter must create multiple polarization response states during the course of each measurement set. A common method of creating these states is to rotate a polarizer element to a discrete location and hold that position while the detectors integrate and are sampled. The polarizer element is then rotated to the next position and the process is repeated. This time-sequential, advance-and-hold technique is widely used and easily understood because of its simplicity. However, it is not well suited for remote sensing applications where time delays caused by the advance-and-hold mechanism can limit measurement speed and reduce measurement accuracy. This paper introduces a continuously spinning polarizer (CSP) technique that eliminates the time delays and associated problems of an advance-and-hold polarimeter. A performance model for a linear Stokes polarimeter containing a CSP is derived, and a demonstration of the CSP technique based on the performance of the hyper-spectral imaging polarimeter (HIP) is presented.
Secondary flow and forced convection heat transfer near endwall boundary layer fences in a 90° turning duct

Abstract The present study deals with the secondary flow and heat transfer aspects of endwall boundary layer fences in 90° turning ducts. Boundary layer fences have recently been re-introduced as additional components to achieve favorable aerothermal effects in turbine/compressor passages and internal cooling systems. The turbine passage or internal coolant channel is simulated by a 90° turning duct (ReD=360,000) to study the aerothermal interaction of the boundary layer fence and the passage flow that is dominated by the passage vortices. Specifically, a single boundary layer fence of varying dimensions is attached to a heated endwall of the duct. The current study adds to the currently small number of investigations on the use of endwall boundary layer fences and their aerothermal interaction with the passage flow system.
X-ray study of the crystallization processes in amorphous (Zr0.64Ni0.36)1−xAlx alloys

Abstract The short range order in (Zr 0.64 Ni 0.36 ) 1− x Al x metallic glasses for values of x between 0 and 0.25 was investigated using X-ray diffraction. X-ray intensity patterns and the derived structural functions for the as-quenched samples differed only slightly with the change in aluminum concentration, suggesting that the addition of aluminum does not significantly alter the relative coordination of the zirconium and nickel atoms. Only the first two alloys in the series ( x = 0, 0.05) exhibited multiple transitions in the DSC thermograms. The intermediate phase for the x = 0.05 alloy has an amorphous or, perhaps, a very fine crystalline structure. The final crystalline phase of the x = 0 sample consisted predominantly of Zr 2 Ni crystals. The addition of aluminum to the host Zr 0.64 Ni 0.36 alloy suppressed the formation of Zr 2 Ni crystals during crystallization so that predominantly ZrNi crystals were formed.
“Alice in Wonderland” Syndrome: Presenting and Follow-Up Characteristics

Abstract Background We investigated the distribution of symptoms and etiologies of patients with "Alice in Wonderland" syndrome (visual perception of change in one's body size) and "Alice in Wonderland"–like syndrome (extrapersonal illusions) at presentation and to determine their prognosis. Design Retrospective chart review and telephone interview. Methods Charts of children diagnosed with "Alice in Wonderland" syndrome by a pediatric neuro-ophthalmologist between July 1993 and July 2013 were reviewed. Patients seen before 2012, or their parents, were contacted for follow-up information. Results A total of 48 patients (average age 8.1 years) diagnosed with "Alice in Wonderland" syndrome or "Alice in Wonderland"–like syndrome were identified. Common visual symptoms were micropsia (69%), teleopsia (50%), macropsia (25%), metamorphopsia (15%), and pelopsia (10%). Magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography were unrevealing in 21 of 21 and 23 of 23 cases, respectively. The etiology was infection in 33% of patients and migraine and head trauma in 6% each. No associated conditions were found in 52%. Of the 15 patients with follow-up, 20% had a few more events of "Alice in Wonderland" syndrome or "Alice in Wonderland"–like syndrome, which eventually stopped after the initial diagnosis; 40% had no more events, and 40% were still having "Alice in Wonderland" syndrome or "Alice in Wonderland"–like syndrome symptoms at the time of the interview, while four patients (27%) developed migraines and one patient (7%) seizures since the diagnosis. Conclusion "Alice in Wonderland" syndrome and "Alice in Wonderland"–like syndrome typically affect young children, and the most common visual complaints are micropsia and teleopsia. The most common associated condition is infection, but half of these individuals have no obvious trigger. Magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography are not helpful. The symptoms of "Alice in Wonderland" syndrome and "Alice in Wonderland"–like syndrome usually resolve, but in more than one third of the cases, they continue. One quarter of patients without a history of migraine may subsequently develop migraine.
Fear of Parasites: Lone Star Ticks Increase Giving-up Densities in White-Tailed Deer

Nonconsumptive effects of predators on their prey are extensive and diverse, with significant consequences for community structure and ecosystem function. However, despite many theoretical similarities between predator-prey and host-parasite interactions, nonconsumptive effects of parasites on their hosts remain poorly understood. Further, such effects may be of consequence to human and wildlife health, when host-parasite interactions involve hematophagous arthropods that vector infectious diseases. We used giving-up density estimation techniques to measure the response of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to the risk of parasitism by lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum), an important vector of several infectious diseases in the southeastern United States. We also deployed carnivore scent stations to estimate activity levels of potential deer predators, conducted deer dung count surveys to control for effects of deer abundance, and controlled for topographic aspect, a primary determinant of veg...
Low dose dual-source CT angiography of the thoracic aorta

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a prospective ECG-gated, low kilovoltage and low mAs protocol on image quality and radiation dose when acquiring CT angiography of the thoracic aorta (CTTA). Sixty patients with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 30 and a heart rate of less than 100 beats per minute (bpm) were included in the study. Thirty consecutive patients were examined with retrospective ECG-gating and standard parameters (group A) (120 kVp, 340 reference effective mAs).The next thirty (group B) were examined with prospective ECG-gating, 100 kVp and 170 mAs. Quantitative analysis included measurements of image resolution of the thoracic aorta at three levels, mean attenuation in the aorta and signal to noise ratio (SNR). Qualitative analysis assessed image artifact and graded image quality on five point scales. Effective radiation doses were estimated. The radiation dose of group A was 26.2 ± 6.0 mSv (mean ± standard deviation). For group B it was 2.9 ± 0.5 mSv (P < 0.001). Mean aortic attenuation was significantly higher in group B than group A (487 ± 100 Hu and 372 ± 74 Hu) (P < 0.01).SNR was significantly higher in group A (21.7 ± 5.7 compared to 14.5 ± 5.3) (P < 0.01). Image resolution was significantly higher in group B at all measured anatomical levels (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the final subjective scores between group A and group B (Mann–Whitney U = 438, P = 0.79). High quality low dose CTTA is clinically achievable, in patients with a BMI less than 30 and a heart rate less than 100 bpm, using a prospective ECG-gated, low kilovoltage, low mAs technique.
Heparan Sulfate Regulates Hair Follicle and Sebaceous Gland Morphogenesis and Homeostasis

Hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and cycling are a result of intricate autonomous epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Once the first HF cycle is complete it repeatedly undergoes cyclic transformations. Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are found on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix where they influence a variety of biological processes by interacting with physiologically important proteins, such as growth factors. Inhibition of heparanase (an HS endoglycosidase) in in vitro cultured HFs has been shown to induce a catagen-like process. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the precise role of HS in HF morphogenesis and cycling. An inducible tetratransgenic mouse model was generated to excise exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 (Ext1) in keratin 14-positive cells from P21. Interestingly, EXT1StEpiΔ/StEpiΔ mice presented solely anagen HFs. Moreover, waxing the fur to synchronize the HFs revealed accelerated hair regrowth in the EXT1StEpiΔ/StEpiΔ mice and hindered cycling into catagen. The ablation of HS in the interfollicular epidermal cells of mature skin led to the spontaneous formation of new HFs and an increase in Sonic Hedgehog expression resembling wild-type mice at P0, thereby indicating that the HS/Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates HF formation during embryogenesis and prevents HF formation in mature skin. Finally, the knock-out of HS also led to the morphogenesis and hyperplasia of sebaceous glands and sweat glands in mature mice, leading to exacerbated sebum production and accumulation on the skin surface. Therefore, our findings clearly show that an intricate control of HS levels is required for HF, sebaceous gland, and sweat gland morphogenesis and HF cycling.
From alienation to cynicism: Race and the Lacanian unconscious

Positing race as the Lacanian object a that binds the subject to a fantasy-self alienated from its subjective drives, this article presents the traversal of race as an ethical responsibility, made increasingly achievable by the recent public focus on repeated incidents of deadly violence against African American men.
Gas exchange of the fertile hen's egg: components of resistance.

Abstract The resistance to diffusion of respiratory gases falls by 50% from day 10 to day 18 in the incubating fertile hen's egg (Temple ande Metcalf, 1970). We have calculated the change in the components of this resistance with respect to incubation age. The egg shell resistance remains unchanged. The chorioallantoic membrane (including capillary endothelium) resistance decreases dramatically from day 10 to day 14 and then remains relatively unchanged. The resistance offered by the blood is unchanged from day 10 to day 12, it decreases by day 14 due to an increase in oxygen capacity and continues to decline at days 16 and 18 because of the combined effects of a continued increase in oxygen capacity and an increase in capillary volume.