cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Limitations and strengths of doppler/echo pulmonary artery systolic pressure-right heart catheterization correlations: a systematic literature review.

Aims Because many recent studies have questioned the accuracy of Doppler echocardiography (D) in determining pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), we performed a detailed literature analysis attempting add clarity. Methods and Results Studies through 2011 comparing D and right heart catheterization (RHC) PASP, with at least 25 studied patients and reporting correlation coefficients (r) were identified. Patient demographics, study characteristics, the percent of patients studied for left or right heart pathologies, and study biases were determined. After adjusting for differing study sizes, each study's r value was used as a single datapoint and dichotomized above or below the entire cohort's mean values. From 32 studies 2604 D-RHC parings were reported. Their overall weighted r was 0.68 ± 0.19. Poorer correlations were found for right heart pathologies compared to left heart pathologies (r = 0.58 vs. 0.84, P 10 mmHg. Metaregression analyses indicated that both right heart pathology predominance and a greater percent of normal PASPs on RHC remained associated with poorer correlations. Conclusions D PASP-RHC correlations were high and between-method differences less in patients with left heart pathology but were poorer for right heart diseases and studies with proportionately more normal PASPs on RHC for which further study is needed.
The twin-transistor noise-tolerant dynamic circuit technique

This paper describes a new circuit technique for designing noise-tolerant dynamic logic. It is shown that voltage scaling aggravates the crosstalk noise problem and reduces circuit noise immunity, motivating the need for noise-tolerant circuit design. In a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology and at a given supply voltage, the proposed technique provides an improvement in noise immunity of 1.8/spl times/(for an AND gate) and 2.5/spl times/(for an adder carry chain) over domino at the same speed. A multiply-accumulate circuit has been designed and fabricated using a 0.35-/spl mu/m process to verify this technique. Experimental results indicate that the proposed technique provides a significant improvement in the noise immunity of dynamic circuits (>2.4x) with only a modest increase in power dissipation (15%) and no loss in throughput.
Successful Hospital Personnel Scheduling

The practice of Management Science involves the search for a solution, or improvement, to a particular problem. All too often, though, Management Science is taken to be the application of sophisticated Management Science tools. This paper describes a situation in which a nonquantitative person with a problem, three students of Management Science, and one faculty member, were reminded of the above principle. The scheduling of shift-personnel is an on-going problem over a wide range of functions. In many of these cases, a “quick-and-dirty” method can be applied instead of sophisticated, computer-based models. The procedure described in this paper saves one man-week of effort during each planning period, with no increase in computer use or hardware.
Cell-free synthesis and assembly of connexins into functional gap junction membrane channels

Several different gap junction channel subunit isotypes, known as connexins, were synthesized in a cell-free translation system supplemented with microsomal membranes to study the mechanisms involved in gap junction channel assembly. Previous results indicated that the connexins were synthesized as membrane proteins with their relevant transmembrane topology. An integrated biochemical and biophysical analysis indicated that the connexins assembled specifically with other connexin subunits. No interactions were detected between connexin subunits and other co-translated transmembrane proteins. The connexins that were integrated into microsomal vesicles assembled into homo- and hetero-oligomeric structures with hydrodynamic properties of a 9S particle, consistent with the properties reported for hexameric gap junction connexons derived from gap junctions in vivo. Further, cell-free assembled homo-oligomeric connexons composed of beta1 or beta2 connexin were reconstituted into synthetic lipid bilayers. Single channel conductances were recorded from these bilayers that were similar to those measured for these connexons produced in vivo. Thus, this is the first direct evidence that the synthesis and assembly of a gap junction connexon can take place in microsomal membranes. Finally, the cell-free system has been used to investigate the properties of alpha1, beta1 and beta2 connexin to assemble into hetero-oligomers. Evidence has been obtained for a selective interaction between individual connexin isotypes and that a signal determining the potential hetero-oligomeric combinations of connexin isotypes may be located in the N-terminal sequence of the connexins.
Arbitration and Consumer Credit

This paper uses a newly available database of consumer credit card agreements to take the first, in-depth empirical look at why credit card issuers use arbitration clauses. Based on a sample of credit card agreements made available by 298 issuers under the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009, it finds that while most credit card loans outstanding (95.1%) are subject to cardholder agreements with arbitration clauses, the substantial majority of credit card issuers (247 of 298, or 82.9%) do not use arbitration clauses in their credit card agreements. The paper also finds that credit card issuers are more likely to use arbitration clauses when they (1) specialize in making credit card loans; (2) make riskier credit card loans; and (3) have a larger credit card portfolio. Conversely, issuers are less likely to use arbitration clauses when they are (1) mutually owned (i.e., credit unions) rather than shareholder-owned (i.e., banks); and (2) are located in states in which class arbitration waivers are unenforceable. These empirical findings have potentially important implications for a number of timely policy questions, such as: what sorts of options are available to consumers who wish to obtain a credit card that is not subject to an arbitration clause; how increased regulation of arbitration (whether by Congress or by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau) might affect the market for consumer credit; and how businesses are likely to respond to the Supreme Court’s recent decision in AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion.
Fine-grained latency and loss measurements in the presence of reordering

Modern trading and cluster applications require microsecond latencies and almost no losses in data centers. This paper introduces an algorithm called FineComb that can estimate fine-grain end-to-end loss and latency measurements between edge routers in these data center networks. Such a mechanism can allow managers to distinguish between latencies and loss singularities caused by servers and those caused by the network. Compared to prior work, such as Lossy Difference Aggregator (LDA), that focused on switch-level latency measurements, the requirement of end-to-end latency measurements introduces the challenge of reordering that occurs commonly in IP networks due to churn. The problem is even more acute in switches across data center networks that employ multipath routing algorithms to exploit the inherent path diversity. Without proper care, a loss estimation algorithm can confound loss and reordering; further, any attempt to aggregate delay estimates in the presence of reordering results in severe errors. FineComb deals with these problems using order-agnostic packet digests and a simple new idea we call stash recovery. Our evaluation demonstrates that FineComb can provide orders of magnitude better accuracy in loss and delay estimates in the presence of reordering compared to LDA.
Space Vector Current Control of a Brushless PM Machine for Electric Vehicles

This paper proposes a space vector current controller for a brushless permanent magnet (PM) motor in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The proposed current controller selects space vectors based on the sector selection under a three-level hysteresis comparator to decrease the current ripple. The proposed approach can improve the performance of a brushless PM drive such as the average switching frequency and the total harmonic distortion (THD) compared with the conventional hysteresis current control. The experiment is performed first to verify the proposed control. Then, the method is implemented in the hybrid electric vehicle simulation model with the driving cycle and control strategy to evaluate the drive performance in the vehicle system. The experimental and simulation results indicate that the presented control can improve the performance of the brushless PM machine drive.
Adiponectin Lowers Glucose Production by Increasing SOGA

Adiponectin is a hormone that lowers glucose production by increasing liver insulin sensitivity. Insulin blocks the generation of biochemical intermediates for glucose production by inhibiting autophagy. However, autophagy is stimulated by an essential mediator of adiponectin action, AMPK. This deadlock led to our hypothesis that adiponectin inhibits autophagy through a novel mediator. Mass spectrometry revealed a novel protein that we call suppressor of glucose by autophagy (SOGA) in adiponectin-treated hepatoma cells. Adiponectin increased SOGA in hepatocytes, and siRNA knockdown of SOGA blocked adiponectin inhibition of glucose production. Furthermore, knockdown of SOGA increased late autophagosome and lysosome staining and the secretion of valine, an amino acid that cannot be synthesized or metabolized by liver cells, suggesting that SOGA inhibits autophagy. SOGA decreased in response to AICAR, an activator of AMPK, and LY294002, an inhibitor of the insulin signaling intermediate, PI3K. AICAR reduction of SOGA was blocked by adiponectin; however, adiponectin did not increase SOGA during PI3K inhibition, suggesting that adiponectin increases SOGA through the insulin signaling pathway. SOGA contains an internal signal peptide that enables the secretion of a circulating fragment of SOGA, providing a surrogate marker for intracellular SOGA levels. Circulating SOGA increased in parallel with adiponectin and insulin activity in both humans and mice. These results suggest that adiponectin-mediated increases in SOGA contribute to the inhibition of glucose production.
Itemized NIHSS subsets predict positive MRI strokes in patients with mild deficits

Background While imaging is useful in confirming the diagnosis of ischemic stroke, negative diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is reported in up to 25% of patients. Our aim was to identify predictors of MRI-positive stroke from the itemized NIHSS.
Black Box Warning Contraindicated Comedications: Concordance Among Three Major Drug Interaction Screening Programs

BACKGROUNDBlack box warnings represent the strongest safety warning that the Food and Drug Administration can issue for a marketed prescription drug. Some black box warnings recommend against coadministration of specific medications due to an increased risk for serious, perhaps life-threatening, effects.OBJECTIVETo determine the level of agreement in presence, clinical severity scores level of documentation ratings, and alert content among 3 leading drug interaction screening programs with regard to contraindicated comedications that are mentioned in black box warnings.METHODSWe reviewed the prescribing information for currently marketed prescription drugs with a black box warning that mentioned a contraindicated drug combination. We selected the drug interaction databases Facts & Comparisons 4.0, MICROMEDEX DRUG-REAX, and Lexi-Comp Lexi-Interact to evaluate the interactions. Discrepancies in the inclusion of interactions and level of agreement in clinical severity scores and level of documentation rating...
Speeding in America A Critique of, and Alternatives to, Officer-Initiated Enforcement

The enforcement of speed limits to improve public safety constitutes one of the most common activities that the police undertake. Yet, fundamental questions exist about whether traditional, officer-initiated enforcement actually deters speeding and whether it does so in a cost-efficient manner. Questions exist, too, about unintended harms associated with traditional enforcement practices, such as racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic class disparities; mistrust of the police; and, more generally, delegitimization of the law and institutions that implement it. This article draws on prior scholarship to critique traditional speed limit enforcement practices and to argue for approaches that may be more effective, minimize unintended harms, and incur fewer costs.
A ceratopsid dinosaur parietal from New Mexico and its implications for ceratopsid biogeography and systematics

Ceratopsid (horned dinosaur) cranial material is relatively common in the Upper Cretaceous Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico. However, the specimens are fragmentary, making identification problematic. Previously, it has been suggested that the Naashoibito specimens represent Torosaurus utahensis, a chasmosaurine taxon originally known from the North Horn Formation of Utah. This identification has been used to support a Lancian age for the Naashoibito Member and the Alamo Wash local fauna of the Kirtland Formation (e.g., Lehman, 1981; Lucas et al., 1987). Others (e.g., Lehman, 1990) have synonomized T. utahensis with Torosaurus latus, a taxon otherwise known only from the late Maastrichtian Lance and Hell Creek formations. Recent work has upheld the validity of T. utahensis (Sullivan et al., 2005). However, Sullivan and colleagues (2005) have also argued that no previously described ceratopsid specimens from the Naashoibito Member are identifiable beyond the level of Chasmosaurinae indeterminate and therefore are not useful for assessing biostratigraphic correlations and ceratopsid biogeography. Here we describe a partial chasmosaurine ceratopsid parietal from the Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Formation. Although other fragmentary parietals have been recovered from this unit (e.g., Lehman, 1981; Lucas et al., 1987), the new specimen exhibits unusual morphology: an epoccipital element positioned along the midline. This feature has previously been reported only in Triceratops, a taxon not known from south of the Denver Basin. The occurrence of such a feature in a cera-
Arteriolar nitric oxide concentration is decreased during hyperglycemia-induced βII PKC activation

βII protein kinase C (βPKC) is activated during acute and chronic hyperglycemia and may alter endothelial cell function. We determined whether blockade of βPKC protected in vivo endothelial formati...
Large Capacity Storage Systems

This chapter presents an introduction to the subject of large capacity storage systems. Storage system includes not only the storage medium but also the means for gaining access to specific locations in the store and for the recording and reading of information. Large capacity storage systems for digital computers may be used for either internal or external storage functions. An internal store is used to hold the program of instructions to be executed and also provides space for the storage of intermediate and final results. An external store is used for the preparation of a program and auxiliary data in a form suitable for subsequent entry into a computer. External storage media are used also for the maintenance of large files of programs and other input data as well as for the storage of output data. Whether a specific type of storage system is better suited for internal or external storage or can be used for either will depend on a number of criteria. Criteria important in the evaluation of large capacity storage systems are cost per bit, reliability, maintainability, physical size, power consumption, etc. Four important distinguishing characteristics of storage systems are operating speed, volatility, erasability, and access time.
Building the User Interface for Structured Clinical Data Capture

In the days prior to computerization, paper was the primary means of recording the details of an encounter of a patient with a care provider. Even after the advent of the EMR, paper is still with us: one important function of the EMR is to generate hard-copy intended for the patient or for third parties without EMR access. The traditional paper record for a given patient (placed in a folder) was arranged in a manner designed to facilitate access to information on multiple encounters. Thus, each patient’s information was sorted by date (most recent first), and within date by a means of organization represented by the acronym SOAP1 – Subjective findings (e.g., presenting complaint and symptoms related to it, past history), Objective findings (e.g., results of physical examination), Assessment details (e.g., lab test results) and Plan of action (i.e., orders).
Combination of nanogel polyethylene glycol-polyethylenimine and 6 (hydroxymethyl)-1,4-anthracenedione as an anti-pancreatic cancer nanomedicine

5625 Pancreatic cancer is generally the most lethal cancer and its five year survival is less than 5%. Development of new therapeutic agents and effective treatment procedures are urgently needed. In order to approach this problem we synthesized multiple anticancer drugs and tested their effect on the growth of pancreatic cancer cells and nanoparticle-based targeted delivery system. Although polyethylene glycol-polyethylenimine (PEG-PEI) nanogels have been used to deliver nucleic acids and oligonucleotides into cells, its potential ability to delivery anticancer drugs was evaluated. We first synthesized various nanogels with altering ratios of CH 2 O:CH 2 N (methylene protons) in PEG-PEI and tested their cytotoxicity using a rodent pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line (Pan 02). Results indicate that the nanogel PEG-PEI with lower methylene protons ratio (4:1) exhibited a strong cytotoxicity over the higher methylene protons ratio (~6.8:1). We then incorporated a newly synthesized anti-cancer drug, 6-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-anthracenedione (AQ) analogue (AQ10) into nanogel PEG-PEI with higher methylene protons ratio (~6.8:1) and tested the effect of AQ10 encapsulated nanogel PEG-PEI (AQ10-nanogel PEG-PEI) and AQ10 dissolved in DMSO on Pan 02 cell growth. Our results showed that, Pan 02 cells treated with AQ10-nanogel PEG-PEI was three to four times more effective in cell growth attenuation than the cells treated with AQ10 alone. Nanogel PEG-PEI apparently acts as a drug delivery agent by penetrating the cell membrane and carrying the anti-cancer drug AQ10 into the cells, so that they become more susceptible to the drug even at a lower dose. These results suggest that AQ10-nanogel PEG-PEI is a potentially effective anti-cancer agent in pancreatic cancer therapy. This work was supported by NIH grant R01AG025500, NSF grants CHE-0555341 and NSF43529, AHA Heartland Affiliate grant 0750115Z and Kansas State University (KSU) Terry C. Johnson Center for Basic Cancer Research, Kansas State Legislative Stem Cell Appropriation, KSU Targeted Excellence grant, and KSU College of Veterinary Medicine Dean’s and SMILE Funds.
John Stuart Mill and the Greening of the Liberal Heritage

In this paper, I shall make the case that John Stuart Mill’s variety of liberalism is of significant value in relation to contemporary green political theory, due to its particular emphases in terms of human self-development, economic sustainability, nature aesthetics and conceptions of liberty. I shall conclude by suggesting that taken overall, Mill’s liberalism stands as the most promising variety of liberal thought for a harmonious partnership with green political thought, and indeed that Mill’s work can be seen as both prefiguring and in some ways perhaps even improving upon some contemporary ideals of sustainability.
Sudden and extreme hyperthermals, low-oxygen, and sediment influx drove community phase shifts following the end-Permian mass extinction

Abstract We present a correlated record of carbon isotope geochemistry and sedimentological analysis for the Lower Triassic Werfen Formation from the Italian Dolomites. Macro- and mid-sized fossil diversity, ecology, and climate sensitivity are included to provide an integrated account of the benthic response to paleoenvironmental change. Novel communities developed in the wake of the mass extinction during pervasive fluctuations in environmental conditions. In the sedimentary sequences of the Werfen Formation of the Italian Dolomites, microbialites, microconchids, foraminifera, and ubiquitous flat-clams, formed a complex community within the first 500,000 years. Later, increased sea-surface temperatures and inundation of the seafloor with siliciclastic sediments favored infaunal bivalves and microgastropods. Persistent trends in the environment can produce directional, often irreversible, community shifts defined here as phase shifts. Phase shifts in ecosystem structure can be driven by environmental shifts across threshold boundaries to produce an “abrupt and dramatic” novel community composition, a phenomenon readily observed during the Early Triassic. Previously described “disaster forms” including flat clams, microconchids, foraminifera, and microbialites are re-envisioned as a phase shift community. We hypothesize that the unique, persistent, and reoccurring microbialite and mid-sized fauna assemblages observed during the initial recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction and re-appearing throughout the Early Triassic typify a phase shift community. In the Smithian, infaunal bivalves and microgastropods represent a second phase shift community developed in response to a persistent, directional rise in sea-surface temperatures and enhanced sediment influx. We compare and contrast phase shifts with other models for ecosystem recovery including trophic, competition, and Earth System Succession.
1D and 2D Simulaations Related to the NASA Electric Arc Shock Tube Experiments

The goal of this study is to gain an understanding of the computational challenges for the numerical simulations related to the experiments on the NASA Electric Arc Shock Tube (EAST). The paper focuses on the spurious numerics which take place in numerical simulations of the problems containing stiff source terms and discontinuities. Some results of the previous study on the spurious behavior of numerical methods are given first. Then the results of the 1D and 2D EAST simulations using a simplified physical model are presented. The obtained results illustrate the phenomena that the discontinuity locations depend on grid spacing and numerical method for this problem.
Atomic collisions in an optical trap

Spontaneous force light traps1,2 have provided a way to obtain relatively deep static traps for neutral atoms. However, the usefulness of any such trap will depend strongly on the density of the trapped atoms. We have studied the collisions within such a trap which limit the atomic density. These collisions are of considerable interest in their own right because the temperatures of the trapped atoms (10−4 K) are far lower than in usual atomic collision experiments. As a result the collision times are very long, and the collision dynamics are dominated by long-range interactions and spontaneous emission.
SWS 2015 Feminist Lecture: The Gendered Geographies of Struggle: The World Social Forum and Its Sometimes Overlapping Other Worlds

The World Social Forum (WSF)—a global gathering of social movements and a process of global change—has come to signify the global justice movements. Since its inception in 2001 in Brazil it has traveled across the Global South, with the 2016 WSF in Montreal. As the WSF has traveled across the world, it has reflected the particular geographies and histories of movement politics in each place. Yet everywhere it has demonstrated what I have called the gendered geographies of struggle. By gendered geographies I mean the epistemic, spatial, and praxis divisions along gender lines evident in the marginalizing of feminist insights about the global political economy and global justice; low representation of women activists in public plenaries and private decision-making structures; and outsourcing of gender issues to women’s activists and movements. Without addressing these gendered geographies, I argue, there can be no global justice.
Use of an ePTFE-covered nitinol self-expanding stent graft for the treatment off pre-closure device failure during transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Abstract Objectives Our aim was to describe our experience with the use of an ePTFE-covered nitinol self-expanding stent graft (GORE® VIABAHN® Endoprosthesis, Gore Medical, USA) placed in the common femoral artery for the treatment of suture-mediated pre-closure device failure following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Background Access site–related vascular complications (VC) following sheath removal related to pre-closure device failure during TAVR are common and treatment options may vary. Methods We performed an observational study on a series of consecutive patients who underwent TAVR between 2013 and 2015. Results Included were 25 patients at a mean (±SD) age of 82 ± 9. Failure of the closure device resulted in overt bleeding in 19 patients, dissection or no flow in 5 patients, and angiographic pseudoaneurysm in 1. Overall 29 stents were deployed with diameters ranging from 8 to 11 mm and a length of 50 mm (26, 90%). All stent-graft deployments achieved complete hemostasis of the arteriotomy site and resulted in normal flow to the distal vessels. None of the patients required open surgical repair. The mean hemoglobin drop was 2.6 ± 1.3 g/dl. Blood transfusions were used in 15 (60%) patients. Acute kidney injury occurred in 4 (16%) patients, none of whom was treated with dialysis. Length of hospital stay was 9 ± 5 days. All patients survived during a 30-day follow-up period, and none had VC related to the stented site. Conclusions The use of an ePTFE-covered Nitinol self-expanding stent graft is a feasible, safe, and effective treatment modality for access site–related VC following TAVR. Summary The use of an ePTFE-covered nitinol self-expanding stent graft placed in the common femoral artery for the treatment of suture-mediated pre-closure device failure following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is described in 25 patients. Its use was found to be feasible, safe, and an effective treatment modality for access site-related vascular complications following TAVR.
Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): associations with cardiovascular disease phenotypes and lipid factors

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in adults over 50 years old. Genetic, epidemiological, and molecular studies are beginning to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying this complex disease, which implicate the lipid-cholesterol pathway in the pathophysiology of disease development and progression. Many of the genetic and environmental risk factors associated with AMD are also associated with other complex degenerative diseases of advanced age, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we present epidemiological findings associating AMD with a variety of lipid pathway genes, cardiovascular phenotypes, and relevant environmental exposures. Despite a number of studies showing significant associations between AMD and these lipid/cardiovascular factors, results have been mixed and as such the relationships among these factors and AMD remain controversial. It is imperative that researchers not only tease out the various contributions of such factors to AMD development but also the connections between AMD and CVD to develop optimal precision medical care for aging adults.
Hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes after administration of hexavalent DTP-based combination vaccine: A description of 12 cases

Hypotonic-hyporesponsive (HHE) episodes are known and recognized phenomena, which typically occur within 48 hours of immunisation..Our aim is to describe 12 cases of HHE brought to the Center of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, with attention to the clinical features of the episode and their follow-up. Medical charts of infants visited between 2005–2015 were reviewed. Twelve infants showed a HHE using HHE using Brighton Collaboration Criteria. All infants received a Hexavalent diphtheria -tetanus -pertussis acellular component -hepatitis B-,inactivated poliovirus- Haemophilus influenzae type-b conjugate vaccine. Five out of 12 were brought to Emergency Department, where 2 were symptomatic (one was hyporeactive, the other had fever). No infant died during the episode, or the follow-up, nor developed neurological disease after subsequent vaccinations. HHE are confirmed as benign events, even after administration of hexavalent vaccination, devoid of negative neuropsychomotor outcome.
Protective Effect of N-Acetylcysteine Amide on Blast-Induced Increase in Intracranial Pressure in Rats

Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is associated with acute and possibly chronic elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP). The outcome after TBI is dependent on the progression of complex processes which are mediated by oxidative stress. So far no effective pharmacological protection against TBI exists. In this study, rats were exposed to a single or repetitive blast overpressure (BOP) at moderate intensities of 72 or 110 kPa in a compressed air-driven shock tube. The degree and duration of the increase in ICP was proportional to the intensity and frequency of the blast exposure(s). In most cases, a single dose of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine amide, NACA (500 mg/kg) administered intravenously 2 h after exposure to BOP significantly attenuated blast-induced increase in ICP. A single dose of NACA was not effective in improving the outcome in the group of animals that were subjected to repetitive blast exposures at 110 kPa on the same day. In this group, two treatments with NACA at 2 h and 4 h post-BOP exposure resulted in significant attenuation of elevated ICP. Treatment with NACA prior to BOP exposure completely prevented the elevation of ICP. The findings indicate that oxidative stress plays an important role in blast-induced elevated ICP as treatment with NACA ameliorated ICP increase, which is frequently related to poor functional recovery after TBI.
Still Afraid of Footloose Finance? Exit and Voice in Contemporary Globalization

To what extent and in what ways does mobile capital affect the policy decisions of national governments, and under what conditions are governments willing to privilege (or to ignore) the preferences of asset holders who can credibly threaten exit? There is a long tradition of analyses based on the state’s “structural dependence” on capital (both foreign and domestic), and on the “golden straightjacket” view of government-financial market relations. I discuss how we might understand the contemporary relationship between sovereign bond investors and governments, in terms of what “market pressures” are, when such pressures operate to affect government decisions, and when governments are willing to ignore investors’ demands (assuming they exist). I suggest that “the market” may not have a unified sense of what it wants in terms of fiscal and regulatory policy; that low interest rate/high global liquidity environments offer governments greater policymaking flexibility; and that governments may use “market pressures” and “market rewards” as a veil for other drivers of policy. I also note that the investors/capital owners in question may not be foreign actors – as we often assume them to be – but rather domestic actors who, by virtue of their embeddedness in the national political system, have greater stakes regarding a given government’s policy choices.
Inhibition of Myeloperoxidase by N-Acetyl Lysyltyrosylcysteine Amide Reduces Oxidative Stress–Mediated Inflammation, Neuronal Damage, and Neural Stem Cell Injury in a Murine Model of Stroke

Recent studies suggest that myeloperoxidase (MPO)-dependent oxidative stress plays a significant role in brain injury in stroke patients. We previously showed that N-acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide (KYC), a novel MPO inhibitor, significantly decreased infarct size, blood-brain barrier leakage, infiltration of myeloid cells, loss of neurons, and apoptosis in the brains of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice. Inhibition of MPO also noticeably reduced neurologic severity scores of MCAO mice. Thus, our data support the idea that MPO-dependent oxidative stress plays a detrimental role in tissue injury in ischemic stroke. However, the mechanisms of MPO-induced injury in stroke are still largely unknown. Here, we present new evidence showing that KYC treatment greatly reduced inflammation by decreasing the number of proinflammatory M1 microglial cells and N1 neutrophils in the brains of MCAO mice. KYC also markedly reduced the expression of high-mobility group box 1, receptor for advanced glycation end products, and nuclear factor-κB in the brains of MCAO mice. Both neurons and neural stem cells (NSCs) were oxidatively injured by MPO-dependent oxidative stress in MCAO mice. Inhibiting MPO-dependent oxidative stress with KYC significantly reduced oxidative injury and apoptosis in neurons and NSCs. KYC treatment also protected transplanted exogenous NSCs in the brains of MCAO mice. Thus, our studies suggest that MPO-dependent oxidative stress directly injures brain tissues by oxidizing neurons and NSCs and increasing inflammation during stroke. Inhibition of MPO activity with KYC preserves neuronal function and helps the brain recover from injury after stroke.
Abstract 20160: Early Fluid Resuscitation of Undifferentiated Hypovolemic Hypotensive Patients in the Emergency Department: The Shock Access for Emergent Resuscitation (SAFER) Study

Study Objective: To describe initial emergency department (ED) efforts in obtaining adequate vascular access (AVA) and initiating appropriate fluid resuscitation for hypovolemic patients with undif...
Investigation of Compound-Specific Organic-Inorganic Phosphorus Transformation Using Stable Isotope Ratios in Phosphate

Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrients for all life forms irrespective of physiological uptake mechanism or metabolic pathway. Soils and sediments contain a variety of organic P compounds that may undergo active transformation into inorganic P and vice versa. Phosphate oxygen isotope ratios have increasingly been applied to better understand the physico-chemical and biological pathways of P cycling and its fate in agricultural and nonagricultural soils. For example, the fractionation factors during hydrolysis of structurally-similar organic P compounds studied thus far are often distinct. Therefore compound-specific isotopic composition could be a powerful tool for differentiating transformation of different P compounds, tracking their origin and fate, and ultimately to develop an integrated and quantitative understanding of P cycling in both extant and fossil ecosystems. This chapter reviews biochemical reaction mechanisms and the current state of knowledge on compound-specific isotopic effects during hydrolysis of organic P compounds. While this research is still in its infancy, a new paradigm has emerged and it is hoped that the future expansion of this research will allow development of a holistic approach to integrate transformation of organic and inorganic P over time and space in different ecosystems.
SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS OF SYMBOLIC COMPUTATION

This paper reviews the use of symbolic computation systems for problem solving in scientific research. The nature of the field is described, and particular examples are considered from celestial mechanics, quantum electrodynamics and general relativity. Symbolic integration and some more recent applications of algebra systems are also discussed.
Effects of drugs on bone metabolism in a cohort of individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury.

This study is a retrospective review examining the prevalence of drugs commonly used in the management of spinal cord injury (SCI) which may influence bone health. The aim of our study was to examine the role commonly prescribed medications play in post-SCI bone health. We included all males 21 years of age and older who were evaluated over a 10-year period at an SCI-specialized center for a trauma-induced SCI. We compared characteristics of individuals with normal bone mass to those with low bone mass according to their dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Medication lists were reviewed for the presence of drugs considered to either positively or negatively affect bone metabolism. Comparing individuals with normal bone mass (n = 68) to those with low bone mass (n = 211), only “Time after Injury” and “Level of Injury” were found to influence the likelihood of having low bone mass. Multivariate analysis failed to demonstrate significant associations between bone mass and the sum of drugs which either positively or negatively affect bone metabolism. When medications were reviewed individually, only bisphosphonates and anticonvulsants were found to be significantly associated with bone mass. Although 76% of our cohort was found to have low bone mass, the only major risk factors were “Time after Injury” and “Level of Injury”. Anticonvulsant use was more common in individuals with low bone mass compared to those with normal bone mass. Given the retrospective methodology of this work, our findings underline associations that warrant further investigation.
The Epidemiology of Injuries in Middle School Football, 2015-2017: The Advancing Healthcare Initiatives for Underserved Students Project.

Background:Although data exist on injuries in youth football leagues, there are limited recent data on injury incidence in middle school football. Updated injury incidence estimates can help drive ...
Mapping areas with concentrated risk of trauma mortality: A first step toward mitigating geographic and socioeconomic disparities in trauma

BACKGROUNDMany rural, low-income, and historically underrepresented minority communities lack access to trauma center services, including surgical care and injury prevention efforts. Along with features of the built and social environment at injury incident locations, geographic barriers to trauma c
P-238 Writing in bereavement – discovering a new narrative

Background We recognised the limitations of our bereavement groups, and were eager to explore grief at a deeper level through a creative medium, guided by national standards (Bereavement Care Service Standards, 2013). Aims To write about our lives, feelings, thoughts, share our writing with others, reflect on past experiences, including service user feedback; For group members to discover a new tool allowing them to access their grief in a different way; Through group exercises members will discover a new narrative and a new source of meaning to their lives. Methods Invitations were sent to bereaved people using hospice services. A closed group ran for six sessions, limited to six members and two facilitators, who participated to allow a collegiate approach. Each session opened with a poem, brought by the group, allowing the group to reflect on their mood, for facilitators to lead with greater sensitivity adapting to the group needs. Homework was set weekly providing the focus for the first half of the next session. The remainder of the session was used for written exercises using techniques of expressive writing. Results Evaluation was mainly qualitative, measured by attendance and evaluation forms. Facilitators monitored and reflected weekly. On our first group, anticipated results were confirmed by user evaluation, which informed our next group. Facilitators witnessed aims met, promoting further writing groups, thus ensuring hospice bereavement support reaches a wider level of need. Conclusions Conclusions and recommendations for the hospice bereavement service is to include this group as a regular service. We recognise the limitations of educational levels, however, skilful facilitation enables a generous group. Using a different medium has proved to unlock the unspoken – ‘The course helped me to break out of a writing drought, and find courage and vocalise about my late wife.’
Language use and attitudes toward Kaqchikel and Spanish in San Marcos La Laguna, Guatemala

This study focuses on the factors contributing to language maintenance and shift in the bilingual community of San Marcos La Laguna, Guatemala, where both Spanish and Kaqchikel are spoken. For many decades, San Marcos was relatively isolated from other nearby communities and many speakers were monolingual in Kaqchikel. However, recent changes in the community, particularly a rise in tourism and access to education, have contributed to an increased need for Spanish. The present study draws from qualitative data collected from sociolinguistic interviews and participant observation to determine both the usage of Kaqchikel and Spanish in the community and the attitudes that bilingual speakers have toward both languages. Results demonstrate that Kaqchikel continues to be a marker of identity and cultural pride, but the economic opportunities Spanish provides result in more people using Spanish at work and home.
Do foreign-educated nurses displace native-educated nurses?

We examine whether there is any movement in the employment of native-educated nurses due to the influx of foreign-educated nurses. To avoid conflating the short- and long-term reactions to the entry of newly arrived foreign-educated nurses, we implement a multiple instrumentation procedure. We find that there is no significant effect of foreign-educated nurses on the employment of native nurses in both the short- and the long-runs. Our results suggest that relying on foreign-educated nurses to fill gaps in the US healthcare workforce does not harm the employment of native nurses.
Quantum Holstein Polaron Model and Classical Charged Gas on a Ring

A great many techniques have been developed so far for solving polaron problems. Frequently used analytical approaches, in the context of the Frohlich model, Holstein model, and Davydov model, are variational methods [1], perturbative treatments [2], and Ansatz methods [3]. Great success has been achieved in obtaining accurate results for such physical quantities as polaron energy and effective mass, e. g. by Feynman’s variational method for the Frohlich polaron problem. There are however still some subtle issues that need to be made clear. To list a few from the author’s interests: a) How abrupt is the self-trapping transition?1 b) Can the translational symmetry be broken due to the self-trapping? c) How does one describe the polaron dynamics at general temperatures? Numerical simulations, such as the Quantum Monte Carlo method [4], can provide us in principle, with exact answers within error bars for certain physical observables. However, there are still many difficulties in obtaining definitive answers these problems.
Analyses of δ-catenin gene overexpression in human prostate cancer

1022 δ-Catenin is an armadillo domain-containing p120ctn family protein, and its distribution is restricted to the brain. However, our recent study showed that δ-catenin expression is significantly increased in a number of cancer types outside the brain. These include cancerous tissues of breast, esophagus, ovary, as well as human prostatic adenocarcinomas, although the nature of δ-catenin upregulation in prostate cancer was unclear. In this study, we systematically analyzed the δ-catenin gene (CTNND2) transcription and translation patterns in human prostate cancer cell lines and primary human prostatic adenocarcinomas. δ-Catenin showed consistent upregulation at both transcriptional and translational levels when compared to that of controls. Analyses of δ-catenin CpG islands in the promoter region in benign and prostate cancer specimens revealed no significant differences in methylation status. Real-time PCR analyses found no evidence of gene amplification in δ-catenin. However, we have observed an increased incidence of mutations in the promoter region of δ-catenin gene when compared to that of benign specimens as well as to that of peripheral blood samples of normal control subjects. At the protein level, there was no evidence of mutations in the entire coding region of δ-catenin. These studies support the hypothesis that increased gene transcription activity is an important primary cause of δ-catenin upregulation in human prostate cancer. This study was supported in part by NIH CA111891 and Department of Defense W81XWH-05-1-0028.
Robust integration of multiple single-cell RNA sequencing datasets using a single reference space

In many biological applications of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), an integrated analysis of data from multiple batches or studies is necessary. Current methods typically achieve integration using shared cell types or covariance correlation between datasets, which can distort biological signals. Here we introduce an algorithm that uses the gene eigenvectors from a reference dataset to establish a global frame for integration. Using simulated and real datasets, we demonstrate that this approach, called Reference Principal Component Integration (RPCI), consistently outperforms other methods by multiple metrics, with clear advantages in preserving genuine cross-sample gene expression differences in matching cell types, such as those present in cells at distinct developmental stages or in perturbated versus control studies. Moreover, RPCI maintains this robust performance when multiple datasets are integrated. Finally, we applied RPCI to scRNA-seq data for mouse gut endoderm development and revealed temporal emergence of genetic programs helping establish the anterior–posterior axis in visceral endoderm. Integration of multiple single-cell RNA sequencing datasets is improved by creating a common reference space using a new algorithm.
Survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) results after induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by de-escalated chemoradiotherapy (RDCRT) for locally advanced (LA) HPV positive oropharynx cancer (HPVOPC.

6058Background: HPVOPC has a significantly better prognosis and survival than HPV negative cancer resulting in overtreatment with significant acute and late toxicities and mortality. Radiation ther...
7 Facebook and the Dark Web: A Collision

“I2P: Who needs the IETF?”—From jrandom's collected I2P quotations Facebook's Tor hidden service, found at https://facebookcorewwwi.onion, is lightning in a bottle. It is at the intersection of all three legitimacies analyzed in this book: state delegation of rules and regulations to a standards body (in this case, the Internet Engineering Task Force [IETF]); corporate propriety (DigiCert, Facebook); nonprofit propriety (the Tor Project); hacker legitimacy (the [now disgraced] hacker wunderkind Jacob Appelbaum); and Dark Web authenticity (the notoriety of Silk Road). Thus, Facebook on Tor is an association of state-delegated power, respect of resources, and authenticity. It is also a symbol of the blurred lines between the Dark Web and the Clear Web, a collision of legitimation and delegitimation.