cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Job Satisfaction and Machiavellian Orientation among Department Store Executives

The Mach IV scale and the Index of Job Satisfaction were administered to 212 discount store executives. Female executives scored significantly higher on the Mach IV scale than male executives but n...
Using Rasch Measurement Theory to Examine Two Instructional Approaches for Teaching and Learning of French Grammar

The authors describe a quantitative approach based on Rasch measurement theory for evaluating classroom assessments within the context of foreign language classes. A secondary purpose was to examine the effects of two instructional approaches to teach grammar, a guided inductive and a deductive approach, through the lens of Rasch measurement theory. The authors used the FACETS computer program (Linacre, 2007) to analyze the data. The results of this study show that the Rasch model can be used for small-scale classroom assessment. Even though the sample size was small (N = 44), the results of this study illustrate the utility of analyzing classroom assessment data through the lens of Rasch measurement theory. As expected, the students increased their proficiency in French grammatical structures from pretest to posttest. The results also suggest that student proficiency on French grammatical structures is higher when taught with a guided inductive approach.
The Affective Turn : Political Economy, Biomedia and Bodies

Taking the biomediated body to be a historically specific mode of organization of material forces, invested by capital into being, as well as elaborated through various technoscientific discourses, the article traces these investments and the discursive productions of the biomediated body, linking it to an ongoing reconfiguration of governance and economy.
Deficits in stepping response time are associated with impairments in balance and mobility in people with Huntington disease

Huntington disease (HD) is a disorder characterized by chorea, dystonia, bradykinesia, cognitive decline and psychiatric comorbidities. Balance and gait impairments, as well as falls, are common manifestations of the disease. The importance of compensatory rapid stepping to maintain equilibrium in older adults is established, yet little is known of the role of stepping response times (SRTs) in balance control in people with HD. SRTs and commonly-used clinical measures of balance and mobility were evaluated in fourteen symptomatic participants with HD, and nine controls at a university mobility research laboratory. Relative and absolute reliability, as well as minimal detectable change in SRT were quantified in the HD participants. HD participants exhibited slower SRTs and poorer dynamic balance, mobility and motor performance than controls. HD participants also reported lower balance confidence than controls. Deficits in SRT were associated with low balance confidence and impairments on clinical measures of balance, mobility, and motor performance in HD participants. Measures of relative and absolute reliability indicate that SRT is reliable and reproducible across trials in people with HD. A moderately low percent minimal detectable change suggests that SRT appears sensitive to detecting real change in people with HD. SRT is impaired in people with HD and may be a valid and objective marker of disease progression.
Evaluation of the Presence of Sacroiliac Joint Region Dysfunction Using a Combination of Tests: A Multicenter Intertester Reliability Study

Background and Purpose. The authors examined the intertester reliability of assessments made based on a composite of 4 tests of pelvic symmetry or sacroiliac joint (SIJ) movement that are advocated in the literature for identifying people with SIJ region dysfunction. “Sacroiliac joint region dysfunction” is a term used to describe pain in or around the region of the joint that is presumed to be due to malalignment or abnormal movement of the SIJs. Subjects. Sixty-five patients with low back pain and unilateral buttock pain were seen in 1 of 11 outpatient clinics. Methods. Thirty-four therapists, randomly paired for each subject, served as examiners. Kappa coefficients and observed proportions of positive (Ppos) and negative (Pneg) agreement were calculated to estimate reliability. Results. For the composite test results, percentages of agreement ranged from 60% to 69%, kappa coefficients varied from .11 to .23, and Ppos was lower than 50%. Discussion and Conclusion. Reliability of measurements obtained with the 4 tests appears to be too low for clinical use. Given the measurement error found in this study, the authors suspect it is likely that either the proper treatment technique will not be chosen based on the test results or the intervention will be applied to the wrong side. The 4 tests probably should not be used to examine patients suspected of having SIJ region dysfunction, although the role of therapist training in use of the procedures is unclear.
Soft X Rays: The Alternative?

Summary Intravascular radiation therapy to prevent restenosis remains promising and is currently undergoing large randomized clinical trials. Intravascular brachytherapy sources include beta particles, gamma rays, and now, soft X rays. The presented, but unpublished data from the START trial indicate that beta radiation is effective in the treatment of in-stent restenosis. However, the limited range of beta particles in tissue increase the complexity for treating large arteries, more dose asymmetry with imperfect centering, and the potential for shadowing when treating calcified or stented arteries. These dosing problems are avoided with high energy gamma rays, but at a cost of increased radiation exposure. Soft X rays generated by high voltage, miniaturized x-ray tubes may be turned off at will, pose little radiation exposure risk to medical personnel, provide a satisfactory dose profile to the artery, and do not require special use licensing. The higher LET and RBE for soft X rays indicates that lower doses may be as effective. Soft x-ray sources will permit a new therapy to enter the expanding discipline of vascular brachytherapy.
Diel Movement Behavior of The Stripe-Necked Musk Turtle (Sternotherus Minor Peltifer) in Middle Tennessee

ABSTRACT Few studies have used radiotelemetry to focus directly on the diel behavior of turtles. We used radiotelemetry to relocate 10 Stripe-necked Musk Turtles (Sternotherus minor peltifer) every 2 h over a 24 h cycle in Middle Tennessee. Movements during the 24 h cycle were monitored on seven occasions between 27 Jul. and 4 Nov. 2004. Sternotherus minor peltifer were often inactive and remained sedentary throughout a 24 h cycle; 87% of the total relocations revealed no movement. Overall, S. m. peltifer's diel movement behavior was restricted to evening and nocturnal hours. Frequency data suggested a uni-modal distribution of movement during evening and midnight periods (1700–0159 h). Similarly, the mean distance traveled showed a uni-modal distribution with a peak in the evening period of a 24 h cycle. Based on the data set with only light and dark categories, males were found to move more frequently in daylight relative to females. A decrease in movement (frequency and distance) occurred with the chan...
Food Acquisition and the Evolution of Positional Behaviour: The Case of Bipedalism

Links between positional behaviour and food acquisition are undeniably important. As Napier (1970) puts it, an animal must move to feed and feed to move. With some interesting exceptions, however, positional behaviour is determined by the distribution rather than by the nature of food items. As it relates to food acquisition, an arboreal species’ locomotor behaviour is determined by the large scale distribution of food items within trees, and postural behaviour is determined by the local distribution of food, usually within the peripheral parts of a tree crown. While the terrestrial environment is in many ways less complex, the clumping of food items on or close to the ground similarly influences positional behaviour. It is thus the structures that intervene between an animal and its food that are important for positional behaviour. An animal of a given size and morphology will use a particular positional repertoire and style of performance of particular activities to select a set of these intervening structures as a substrate or superstrate during foraging and feeding. Changes in diet and in ways of acquiring food are therefore likely to have been important in the evolution of different types of positional morphology and behaviour to the extent that different sets of intervening structures were encountered. One cannot therefore expect positional morphology to track changing dietary patterns as closely as dental morphology may. As Ripley (1979) has shown, however, it is possible to explore the evolutionary links between positional behaviour and food acquisition. This paper explores some of these points with respect to the evolution of bipedalism.
The Weingarten Map

We shall now consider the local behavior of curvature on an n-surface. The way in which an n-surface curves around in ℝ n +1 is measured by the way the normal direction changes as we move from point to point on the surfacc. In order to measure the rate of changc of the normal direction, we need to be able to differentiate vector fields on n-surfaces.
Lookahead networks

A fail-soft and easily reconfigurable interconnection network is proposed that can function like a bus or like a shift register ring. Its performance as a bus exceeds the performance of an Ethernet, and its performance as a ring is similar to that of a distributed local computer network (DLCN). It can be reconfigured to a sufficient degree to prune out faults or to partition the network into subnetworks that can use possibly different protocols that are the most suitable for the subnetwork. Its multiple-level priority arbitration appears very useful for mixed voice-data networks, to give guaranteed response times to voice packets. Finally, though it functions like a bus or shift register ring, it is physically connected like a tree; so its cost is linear and delay is logarithmic with the number of processors in the network, and it is relatively easy to install in a building by using practices similar to those used in telephone line networks. This paper describes functions of network-level and some data link and physical-level protocols and develops several key mechanisms to achieve ease of diagnosis and fail-softness.
A Quantitative Technique to Compare Experimental Observations and Numerical Simulations of Percolation in Thin Porous Materials

Quantitative validation of numerical simulations of percolation in porous media has always been challenging due to the stochastic nature of the material structure and morphology regardless of the numerical technique being used. In this article, we present a technique that allows for a quantitative comparison between numerical and experimental percolation. The experimental observations are of injection pressure and liquid intrusion within thin porous materials in a Hele-Shaw style test. The thin porous materials tested had a surface treatment such the contact angle was larger than $$90^{\circ }$$ resulting drainage percolation. Flow rates were adjusted to encompass the range of capillary numbers for drainage flow patterns between the stable displacement and capillary fingering. In parallel to the experimental observations, a series of numerical simulations using a two-dimensional pore network model were performed mimicking the Hele-Shaw experiments. The material properties of the pore network realizations, pore size distribution, contact angle, and representative volume for the pore space were based on measurements of the porous materials tested. Boundary and initial conditions were matched between numerical simulations and experiments. To compare and validate the numerical simulation against the experiments, a new scaling of the dissipated energy during percolation in thin porous media was used. This scaling has been recently used to identify the transition between capillary fingering and stable displacement for drainage in different thin porous materials and provides a unique method for characterizing percolation in thin porous materials. Though the experiments and simulations presented in this article are for drainage, the technique described is equally applicable to imbibition. Excellent agreement is obtained between experiment and simulation with clear delineation between different types of thin porous materials.
Anisotropic Crystalline Organic Step-Flow Growth on Deactivated Si Surfaces

We report the first demonstration of anisotropic step-flow growth of organic molecules on a semiconducting substrate using metal phthalocyanine thermally deposited on the deactivated Si(111)-B $\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3}$ $R30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ surface. With scanning probe microscopy and geometric modeling, we prove the quasiepitaxial nature of this step-flow growth that exhibits no true commensurism, despite a single dominant long-range ordered relationship between the organic crystalline film and the substrate, uniquely distinct from inorganic epitaxial growth. This growth mode can likely be generalized for a range of organic molecules on deactivated Si surfaces and access to it offers new potential for the integration of ordered organic thin films in silicon-based electronics.
Malarial Morbidity and Postnatal HIV Infection in Breastfeeding HIV-exposed Infants

Background: For at-risk HIV-negative individuals, whether malarial morbidity increases the likelihood of HIV infection when exposed is unknown. Hence, we investigate the Research Article International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 4(1): 18-30, 2014 19 malaria-associated risk of postnatal HIV infection in 1804 breastfeeding infants of HIVpositive women from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: Six-week-old HIV-negative infants were followed until breastfeeding cessation or postnatal HIV infection. HIV-1 status was determined by a DNA PCR test. Malarial morbidity was diagnosed by physicians using a combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. For analytic purposes, malaria was distinguished by diagnostic specificity as: (1) clinical; (2) probable, where laboratory testing is requested for parasitemia; and (3) blood smear-confirmed. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the risk of HIV infection were estimated from multivariate Cox regression models. Results: Mean follow-up duration was 6.2 months (standard deviation=2.4 months), during which 91 new HIV infections developed and clinical malaria was diagnosed in 594(32.3%) children, including 283 (15.5%) probable and 80(4.4%) confirmed malaria episodes. Infants ever diagnosed with clinical and probable malaria were at 73% (95%CI:1.11 2.69) and 100% (95%CI:1.17-3.42) higher risk of postnatal HIV infection, respectively. This risk increased by 39% (95%CI: 1.08-1.80) and 59% (95%CI: 1.002.32), respectively, per episode increment in clinical and probable malarial; however, confirmed malaria was not significantly associated with HIV incidence (HR=2.09; 95%CI: 0.74 5.91). Conclusion: We found positive associations between child malarial infection and postnatal HIV infection among breastfeeding HIV-negative children of HIV-positive women. These findings suggest that malaria prevention in such infants may decrease the risk of HIV mother-to-child-transmission. However, specific future studies using laboratory-confirmed malaria in HIV-negative but HIV at risk populations are needed to substantiate these findings.
A Designer's Perspective on Timing Closure

As technology nodes advance and designs become more complex, EDA developers strive to provide new and better solutions to the traditional problems encountered in back-end implementation. The usefulness of these EDA solutions is dependent on acceptance by designers, who often have different goals than developers. This presentation will offer a designer's perspective on current EDA solutions, with a focus on timing closure. Topics will include automated floorplanning goals, clock tree structure tradeoffs, data net repowering challenges and hold padding strategies. Examples from design experience will be used to illustrate where current EDA solutions work well, and what the obstacles are in cases where they do not.
Rapid ELISA for the Detection of Sudan I in Foods

Objective To prepare a rapid immunological assay for detecting SudanⅠin foods.Method Optimizing the reaction conditions for anti-SudanⅠ monoclonal antibody prepared in lab and establishing a competitive inhibition ELISA method for detecting SudanⅠ.It is defined in the study that the optimal concentration of coating antigen was 1.00 μg /ml,the optimal dilution of the monoclonal antibody was 1:3 200 and the optimal action time with substrate was 15 min.Results The regression equations of the detection method was y=-38.541x+ 131.1 and the correlation coefficients (r) was 0.984 1.The detectable limit was in the range of 0.053-0.92 μg /L.The average recovery was 84.72%.Conclusion The benefit of this method for Sudan Ⅰ is detectable in micro amount,friendly in use,relatively inexpensive and saving time.
Antibacterial mechanism of plantaricin by Lactobacillus plantarum B-28

The plantarcin was screened by Lactobacillus plantarum B-28.The Bacillus cereus was the indicator bacteria.The antibacterial mechanism of the plantarcin was investigated through the changes of ATP level,ionic content and structure of cell.The results showed: As plantarcin which was screened by Lactobacillus plantarum B-28 was added,intracellular ATP levels in energized cells of the Bacillus cereus dropped quickly and then tended to be stable,however,extracellular ATP level increased during incubation in the present of plantaricin.The indictor's cell lysis rate increased when the content of plantaricin was increased.After plantarcin was added,intracellar K+ and Na+ released quickly.It seemed there was a linear correlation between total amount of ions released and the concentration of plantaricin.Bacillus cereus were treated by plantaricin,it was clearly seen that its cells wall appeared irregular at the edges by electron microscopy.At that time,their cells were cytomorphosis,cell walls were partially damaged,and intracellular materials were lost.
In vitro dissolution of cholesterol gallstones: A study of factors influencing rate and a comparison of solvents

Abstract Models of the common bile duct and gallbladder were constructed to study conditions that affect the rate of cholesterol gallstone dissolution by monooctanoin and other potential solvents. In the bile duct model, the rate of monooctanoin infusion was not an important factor in accelerating dissolution time. In contrast, the exclusion of bile from interfering with solvent-stone contact or the enhancement of solvent-stone contact by stirring significantly accelerated stone dissolution. The combination of both bile exclusion and stirring increased the dissolution rate of gallstones by monooctanoin 15-fold. When compared with two other ethers and with monooctanoin, methyl tert-butyl ether was found to be the most potent gallstone solvent. Methyl tert-butyl ether completely dissolved 219-mg cholesterol stones within 60 min. In the gallbladder model, in the absence of stirring both methyl tert-butyl ether and monooctanoin floated on bile, whereas the gallstones sank resulting in minimal stone-solvent contact. To increase the stone-solvent contact, we used a pump to create sufficient turbulence to mix the solvent with bile. Pump stirring of monooctanoin in the presence of bile achieved rates of stone dissolution approaching that of stirred monooctanoin without bile. Stirring of methyl tert-butyl ether and bile, however, did not achieve sufficient solvent-stone contact to appreciably accelerate dissolution in the presence of 50% bile. Stone-solvent contact was a critical factor in determining the rate of gallstone dissolution in both gallbladder and common bile duct models. Efforts to enhance contact include bile exclusion and intraluminal stirring—both of which are clinically applicable. Methyl tert-butyl ether is a potent new cholesterol gallstone solvent with excellent potential for use in humans. Even with this potent agent, however, rapid gallstone dissolution is likely to require removal of most of the bile from the dissolution medium.
A hybrid FinFET/SOI MOSFET

In this paper, process/physics-based generic compact model for DG MOSFETs, UFDG (Fossum, 2004), in Spice3, combined with simulations done with the 3D numerical simulator Davinci (2003), to gain insights regarding the design and performance of this hybrid device, which we call the inverted-T FET (ITFET) because of its cross-sectional shape we used. Based on UFDG/Spice3 simulations, we also note the potential benefit of the ITFET in effecting a good design of the FinFET-CMOS 6T-SRAM cell with regard to the area-performance tradeoff.
The persistence of polyandry in Irigwe Nigeria

The Irigwe of Nigeria, among whom the author conducted 20 months of intensive field work, are one of several so-called "pagan" tribes on or around the Jos Plateau which prior to British Pacification lacked, or had developed only in rudimentary form, any tribal chieftaincy as such. Instead these tribes based their unity and cohesion principally upon two sets of social institutions. One set was the ceremonials, often regulating the subsistence system, which conferred one or another cluster of ritual responsibilities considered vital for the tribe's continued welfare on differing groups in the tribe. The other set of social institutions was that regulating marriage and sexual alliances. These, while varying in detail from one tribe of the region to the next, characteristically utilized legitimized plural sexual unions either in the form of prescriptive primary and secondary marriage, or through the prescription of regularized cicisbeo relationships together with marriage, to produce a double set of cross-cutting ties between differing types of major and minor tribal subdivisions (Muller 1973). The Irigwe have 25 agnatically organized "sections" each with a ritual speciality of vital importance to the tribe, often pertaining to the tribe's yearly cycle of ceremonials regulating subsistence agriculture and hunting activities. Twenty-four of these sections and their subdivisions are also united by an elaborate two-tiered network of consanguineal and affinal ties including co-husband relation­ ships.' These ties result from their traditional marriage system which prescribes both primary and secondary marriages while proscribing marriage between individuals with the same agnatic sub-section lineage affiliation, and proscribing secondary marriage between couples where the woman is already married to someone of the same section affiliation as the man (Muller & Sangree 1973:34-5; Sangree 1969:1050-1); that is, the system prohibits section "brothers" from becoming co-husbands, and also prohibits co-husbands from sharing more than
The anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside modulates murine glutathione homeostasis in a manner dependent on genetic background

Anthocyanins are a class of phytochemicals that have generated considerable interest due to their reported health benefits. It has been proposed that commonly consumed anthocyanins, such as cyandin-3-O-β-glucoside (C3G), confer cellular protection by stimulating biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), an endogenous antioxidant. Currently, it is unknown whether the health effects of dietary anthocyanins are genetically determined. We therefore tested the hypothesis that anthocyanin-induced alterations in GSH homeostasis vary by genetic background. Mice representing five genetically diverse inbred strains (A/J, 129S1/SvImJ, CAST/EiJ, C57BL/6J, and NOD/ShiLtJ) were assigned to a control or 100 mg/kg C3G diet (n=5/diet/strain) for six weeks. GSH and GSSG levels were quantified in liver, kidney, heart, pancreas, and brain samples using HPLC. The C3G diet promoted an increase in renal GSH concentrations, hepatic GSH/GSSG, and cardiac GSH/GSSG in CAST/EiJ mice. C3G treatment also induced an increase in pancreatic GSH/GSSG in C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, C3G did not affect GSH homeostasis in NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Surprisingly, the C3G-diet caused a decrease in hepatic GSH/GSSG in A/J and 129S1/SvImJ mice compared to controls; C3G-treated 129S1/SvImJ mice also exhibited lower total glutathione in the heart. Overall, we discovered that C3G modulates the GSH system in a strain- and tissue-specific manner. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that the redox effects of anthocyanins are determined by genetic background.
Leakage current quenching and lifetime enhancement in 3D pillar structured silicon PIN diodes

Structures containing three dimensional (3D) pillars, wires and tubes have applications in sensors, photodetectors as well as solar cells. We have been developing a thermal neutron detector by utilizing a 3D pillar architecture where the pillars are constructed out of a PIN diode material, and filling this structure with a neutron sensitive material,10B [1, 2]. By optimizing the pillar diameter, spacing and height, neutron detection efficiency > 50% is possible [3, 4]. Fig. 1 shows the schematic of a pillar structured detector. However, the large surface-to-volume ratio resulting from the 3D design can result in a high reverse leakage current, which results in a high noise floor for the device, causing a decrease in detector efficiency. Here we report passivation methods to reduce the leakage current by passivating the sidewall surface by wet chemical treatements and oxidation.
Decreased patient exposure to ionizing radiation during interventional rheumatology procedures after optimization of protection

Abstract Objectives To decrease radiation exposure of patients undergoing interventional rheumatology procedures, without adversely affecting quality of care. Methods The radiation dose received, assessed by the dose-area product (DAP), was measured during 283 intraarticular injections performed under fluoroscopic guidance between May and July 2013. Then, three steps were taken to decrease patients’ radiation exposure: a copper filter was added, the anti-scatter grid was removed, and exposure cell sensitivity was set at the highest value. DAP was measured during 158 intraarticular injections performed in 2014 with these measures in place. Results Mean DAP before optimization was 175 μGray·m 2 during facet joint injections ( n = 4) and 43 μGray·m 2 during hip injections but was less than 20 μGray·m 2 for injections into the shoulders (15.7 μGray·m 2 ), ankles (7.7 μGray·m 2 ), wrists (3.7 μGray·m 2 ), and fingers (3.3 μGray·m 2 ). After optimization, DAP decreased markedly for all injection sites, by 52% (shoulders) to 87% (facet joints, 22.7 μGray·m 2 ). Decreases occurred at all three steps of the procedure, i.e., patient installation, injection, and last image hold. Exposure during facet joint injections varied from 84 (54.5–108.5) μGray·m 2 when body mass index (BMI) was 2 to 228.9 (161.3–340.4) μGray·m 2 when BMI was > 30 kg/m 2 . Conclusion Simple technical changes translate into large decreases in patient radiation exposure during fluoroscopically-guided injections, particularly at the facet joints and in obese patients.
Hadronlike Behavior of γ , ν -Nuclear Cross Sections

We explain how high-energy photon- or neutrino-nucleus reactions can exhibit an $A$ dependence like that expected from a strongly interacting particle. The condition for this is a relation among the nucleon amplitudes implying that the total photon cross section on the nucleon is equal to a certain sum over forward vector-meson production amplitudes. This relation is compatable with presently available data.
Basis for the ICRP's updated biokinetic model for carbon inhaled as CO 2

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is updating its biokinetic and dosimetric models for occupational intake of radionuclides (OIR) in a series of reports called the OIR series. This paper describes the basis for the ICRP's updated biokinetic model for inhalation of radiocarbon as carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. The updated model is based on biokinetic data for carbon isotopes inhaled as carbon dioxide or injected or ingested as bicarbonate [Formula: see text] The data from these studies are expected to apply equally to internally deposited (or internally produced) carbon dioxide and bicarbonate based on comparison of excretion rates for the two administered forms and the fact that carbon dioxide and bicarbonate are largely carried in a common form (CO2-H[Formula: see text] in blood. Compared with dose estimates based on current ICRP biokinetic models for inhaled carbon dioxide or ingested carbon, the updated model will result in a somewhat higher dose estimate for 14C inhaled as CO2 and a much lower dose estimate for 14C ingested as bicarbonate.
Coupled magmatism–erosion in continental arcs: Reconstructing the history of the Cretaceous Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California through detrital hornblende barometry in forearc sediments

Abstract Continental magmatic arcs are characterized by voluminous flare-ups accompanied by rapid arc unroofing and sedimentation in the forearc basin. Such magmatism and erosion may be dynamically linked and influence the long-term evolution of crustal thickness. To evaluate these effects, we conducted a case study in the Peninsular Ranges batholith (PRB) in southern California, where mid-Late Cretaceous (125–75 Ma) emplacement of felsic plutons coincided with a major pulse of arc-derived sediments into the adjacent forearc basin. We compiled zircon U–Pb ages in the PRB plutons and estimated magmatic addition rates from exposed areas of plutons with different ages. To obtain erosion rates, sandstone samples of known depositional age from the PRB forearc basin were investigated. Major element compositions of detrital hornblendes were determined by electron probe microanalysis and used to calculate emplacement depths of eroded plutons using Al-in-hornblende barometry. These results were combined with laser ablation ICPMS based U–Pb ages of accompanying detrital zircons to estimate the integrated erosion rate by dividing the detrital hornblende emplacement depth by the lag time between peak detrital zircon age and depositional age. Both magmatic addition and erosion rates are between 0.1–2 km/Myr. Magmatic addition peaked at 100–90 Ma, followed by a long, protracted period of erosion between 90–50 Ma. Mass balance and isostatic modeling suggests that due to high magmatic influx, more than 30 km integrated crustal growth and 5 km elevation increase was achieved shortly after peak magmatism. The data and models suggest that erosion was driven by magma-induced crustal thickening and subsequent surface uplift, with an erosional response time of 3–6 Myr. Prolonged erosion after the cessation of magmatism resulted in gradual smoothing of the topography and significant removal of the excess crustal thickness by late Eocene time. The short erosional response times inferred from this study suggest that erosion and magmatism are intimately linked, begging the question of whether the thermal state, metamorphism and rheology of crust in continental arcs is controlled in part by the interplay between erosion and magmatism. We speculate that syn-magmatic erosion, through its effects on the thermal structure of the crust, may also play a role in modulating the depth of pluton emplacement.
Resin flow modeling in compliant porous media: an efficient approach for liquid composite molding

In Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) processes such as Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) and Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM), complete saturation of reinforcement with resin during the injection step is necessary. In RTM, reinforcement experiences no deformation during infusion but for other methods reinforcement thickness changes during the injection. To model resin flow in compliant media, RTM flow simulation software is routinely used. It has been successful in predicting flow patterns if appropriate “effective” permeability is used. The proper approach requires new implementation that couples the deformation and pressure field which is computationally more demanding. Our work describes a computationally efficient methodology to add corrections into RTM simulation environment to account for deformation. This approach is verified with known solutions and experimental validation. The simulation is applied to a complex geometry which demonstrates better computational performance and confirms that the “effective” permeability may be used to model flow in complex geometries.
Social network size and hope as predictors of life satisfaction in the elderly

This paper investigates the dynamics of relationship between the constructs of social network and Snyder's concept of hope in relation with life satisfaction in the Indian elderly. Based on a sample of 84 elderly, categorized on the basis of their retirement status into retired (N=40) and post retired (N=44), empirical findings are discussed. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that both social network size and hope combined significantly predict life satisfaction in greater degree compared to the network size alone, although the individual contribution of network size exceeds the predictive power of hope. The study also indicates significantly positive and greater association of life satisfaction with network size compared to perceived satisfaction obtained from social support in the post retired years. The limitations and suggestions for future research are given along with the implications for the Indian elderly.
Negotiating sexual safety in the era of biomedical HIV prevention: relationship dynamics among male couples using pre-exposure prophylaxis.

AbstractUp to two-thirds of new cases of HIV transmission between gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the USA are attributed to primary relationships. Understanding the relationship dynamics and sexual agreements of male-male couples can provide insight into HIV transmission patterns and prevention needs in this population. The daily use of antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV, but its negotiation and use within social and intimate relationship contexts remain understudied. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 20 male couples (n = 40 men) in which at least one partner was either using or in the process of initiating PrEP. Congruent with a theoretical focus on social theories of relationships and negotiated risk, couples were interviewed about relationship dynamics, trust, communication and sexual health practices, including their perception and use of PrEP. Overall, we found that couples showed heightened trust and commun...
On the Theory of Dynamic Surface Tension of Ionic Surfactant Solutions, I: Diffusion-Convective Adsorption

Abstract A quantitative theory for dynamic surface tension has been developed for the diffusion-controlled and diffusion-convective-controlled models without any “quasi-equilibrium” hypotheses. A rigorous model considers both the diffusion and the migration of surfactant and electrolytes in the electrical field that develops as the charged surfactant adsorbs at a planar interface. The surface concentration of surfactant is calculated by using the coupled Poisson and Nernst–Planck equations. An unknown electrical potential in the Nernst–Planck equation is found from the integral form of the charge-balance equation. It is shown that the proposed system of equations describes over a wide range of time the non-steady-state process in the bulk for both ionic surfactants and electrolytes. The relaxation equation ofF(γ(t)) = log[(γ0− γ(t))/(γ(t) − γe)] =nlog(t/trel) is suitable to describe the dynamic surface tension process over a wide range of times for diffusion-controlled and diffusion-convective-controlled adsorption. The simple formula is derived to calculate the parameters ofn,trel(the relaxation time), andDeff(the effective diffusion coefficients) from the experimental data represented in the form of the relaxation functionF(t) versus log(t). The analytical expressions are obtained to describe the dynamic surface tension for short and long times by using the diffusion-controlled and diffusion-convective-controlled adsorption obeying linear, rectangular, and arbitrary adsorption isotherms.
The Horizontally Layered Half-Space

The theoretical and experimental discussions in the preceding chapters are concerned with the electromagnetic fields generated by dipoles near the boundary between two homogeneous but electrically different half-spaces. Both half-spaces are also assumed to be isotropic except in Chapter 9 in which one of the half-spaces is anisotropic in the conductivity with the horizontal values, σ x = σ y , different from the vertical value, σ z . A more general form of horizontal layering is when one of the half-spaces is composed of a succession of n horizontally bounded layers, each with arbitrary thickness l j j = 1, 2,…, n, and arbitrary wave number k j as illustrated in Fig. 11.1.1. This shows a homogeneous, isotropic half-space (Region 0, z ≥ 0) above a half-space with n horizontal layers (Regions 1 to n, \( - \sum\nolimits_{{j = 1}}^n {{l_j}z \leqslant z \leqslant 0} \) l j ≤ z ≤ 0) of which each is homogeneous and isotropic but the wave number is discontinuous across the boundaries. Below the nth layer (Region n + 1, z ≤ \( z \leqslant - \sum\nolimits_{{j = 1}}^n {{l_j}} \) l j ), the rest of the half-space is homogeneous and isotropic to infinity. This layered model is used by geophysicists in the study of the oceanic crust. Specifically, the measurements by Young and Cox (1981) described in Chapters 8 and 9 were interpreted by them in terms of an eight-layer model with the eight layers occupying the lower half-space to a depth of some 30 km beyond which the earth was assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic.
Distant-Supervision of Heterogeneous Multitask Learning for Social Event Forecasting With Multilingual Indicators

Open-source indicators such as social media can be very effective precursors for forecasting future societal events. As events are often preceded by social indicators generated by groups of people speaking many different languages, multiple languages need to be considered to ensure comprehensive event forecasting. However, this leads to several technical challenges for traditional models: 1) high dimension, sparsity, and redundancy of features; 2) translation correlation among the multilingual features. and 3) lack of language-wise supervision. In order to simultaneously address these issues, we present a novel model capable of distant-supervision of heterogeneous multitask learning (DHML) for multilingual spatial social event forecasting. This model maps the multilingual heterogeneous features into several latent semantic spaces and then enforces a similar sparsity pattern across them all, using distant supervision across all the languages involved. Optimizing this model creates a difficult problem that is nonconvex and nonsmooth that can then be decomposed into simpler subproblems using the Alternative Direction Multiplier of Methods (ADMM). A novel dynamic programming-based algorithm is proposed to solve one challenging subproblem efficiently. Theoretical properties of the proposed algorithm are analyzed. The results of extensive experiments on multiple real-world datasets are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness, efficiency, and interpretability of the proposed approach.
Protective effect of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 against experimental necrotizing enterocolitis is mediated by Toll-like receptor 2.

Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938) has been shown to protect against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates and in neonatal animal models. The role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) as a ...
NoC Router Lifetime Improvement using Per-Port Router Utilization

Network-on-chip (NoC) routers have a non-uniform utilization based on the number of links, location, and the workload running. Uneven utilization can lead to reliability issues, namely Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI), that results in a reduced lifetime for gates. To address this, a physical design-based solution using workload signatures and cell sizing is proposed to improve the lifetime of NoCs. Using real workloads in conjunction with logic simulation and physical design, this paper analyzes the utilization of each port of NoC routers and, based on a desired lifetime, resizes the physical design. Results using SPLASH2 benchmarks show that the NoC router lifetime can be increased by 3.4× over the default sized router with an average increase of 5.58% and 5.27% for area and power, respectively.
“She was more than a friend”: Clinical intervention strategies for effectively addressing disenfranchised grief issues for same-sex couples

This article focuses on grief experienced by same-sex couples with attention to the distinct factors that influence same-sex grieving partners within all social work system levels. An actual case n...
The Philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead

In the modern era there have been many penetrating philosophic analyses of specific. well-defined areas—of science, politics, morals and art—but bold, sweeping systems, such as give a broad synthesis of reality and are generally meant when we speak of metaphysics, have been rare. One reason for this scarcity has been the reaction against the grandiose, dogmatic systems of the past; another has been the contemporary positivistic temper of mind that tends to limit philosophic claims to observable statements; and still a third has been the realization that the task of metaphysics, if it is to be done in a responsible manner, is infinitely difficult. Alfred North Whitehead is one of the few exceptions. He has constructed a metaphysics that is at once spacious, coherent and undogmatic—one that has integrated the latest developments of science with other rich phases of human experience.
Abstract 3119: Insulin Resistance is Associated with Impaired Flow-mediated Vasodilatation in a Multi-ethnic Population: The Northern Manhattan Study

Background: Metabolic abnormalities, including diabetes mellitus, are associated with impaired endothelial function. However, the relationship between endothelial function and glucose metabolism has not been thoroughly investigated. Aim: We tested the hypothesis that insulin resistance is associated with impaired flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) in a population-based multi-ethnic cohort. Methods: As part of the Northern Manhattan Study, we measured fasting insulin levels and FMD during reactive hyperemia by high-resolution ultrasonography in 601 community participants without diabetes. General linear models were used to test the association of fasting insulin, as a surrogate maker of insulin resistance (IR), with FMD after adjusting for age, sex, race-ethnicity, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, and fasting glucose. Mean FMD was also compared among the following three subgroups: normal fasting glucose (NFG) with IR (NFG*IR+), NFG without IR (NFG*IR−), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). IR was defined as the upper quartile of homeostasis model index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: The mean age was 66±9 years; 43% were male, 15% white, 16% black, and 68% Hispanic. The mean HOMA-IR was 2.45±1.88. In multiple linear regression analyses, fasting insulin was inversely correlated with FMD (β= −0.05, SE=0.02, p=0.032), after adjustment for other covariates. Race-ethnicity was not a significant modifier of the association of fasting insulin with FMD. The mean FMD was greatest in NFG*IR− even after adjustment [FMD (95% CI) 6.28 (5.91– 6.64) for NFG*IR−, 5.21 (4.43–5.99) for NFG*IR+, and 5.04 (4.33–5.74) for IFG (p Conclusion: Insulin resistance was independently associated with impaired FMD. The impairment of FMD was also observed in subjects with insulin resistance even in the presence of normal fasting glucose. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Founders Affiliate (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont).
The Management of Q-Wave Versus Non-Q-Wave Infarction

For some time, myocardial infarction has by convention been referred to as subendocardial (nontransmural) or transmural infarction. This is an electrocardiographs classification in which patients with an infarction accompanied by Q-waves on the electrocardiogram are said to have a transmural and those without a Q-wave a subendocardial, or nontransmural, infarction. Despite being an electrocardiographs classification, it has pathological implications (1). Experimental and clinical data do not show a consistent relationship between transmural myocardial injury and the development of Q-waves or vice versa (2). However, patients with infarction manifesting only ST-T changes have less extensive damage (infarct size). Thus, it has been suggested to classify infarction as Q-wave infarction (transmural) or non-Q-wave (nontransmural). Myocardial infarction occurring in association with new Q-waves of 30 msec duration or greater is referred to as Q-wave infarction. Myocardial infarction associated with ST-T changes without the development of new Q-waves will be referred to as non-Q-wave infarction. Patients with previous Q-wave infarction developing new changes but restricted to those leads with previous Q-waves will be classified as indeterminate. However, if the new changes are in leads other than those associated with previous Q-waves, the above classification would be appropriate.
Treatment Status Predicts Differential Prefrontal Cortical Responses to Alcohol and Natural Reinforcer Cues among Alcohol Dependent Individuals

This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRs) to test the hypothesis that non-treatment seeking alcohol-dependent participants (NTSA) would show greater response in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to alcohol cues than recovering alcoholics (RA; sober 90-180 days) or social drinkers. Opposite predictions were made for responses to natural reward cues. NTSA (n=4), RA (n=6), and social drinkers (n=4) were exposed to alcohol and natural reward cues while being monitored with fNIRs. Results confirmed enhanced responses to alcohol cues among NTSA vs. RA in right middle frontal gyrus. The opposite effect (RA>NTSA) was found in response to natural reward cues. Neural responses to alcohol and natural reward cues were negatively correlated in right DLPFC. Real-time craving ratings were positively correlated with greater neural response to alcohol cues. Differential responses to drug and natural reward cues suggest that a psychological mechanism related to treatment status may modulate drug cue responses in DLPFC.
Structural Insight into DNA-Dependent Activation of Human Metalloprotease Spartan.

Summary The DNA-dependent metalloprotease Spartan (SPRTN) cleaves DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) and protects cells from DPC-induced genome instability. Germline mutations of SPRTN are linked to human Ruijs-Aalfs syndrome (RJALS) characterized by progeria and early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanism of DNA-mediated activation of SPRTN is not understood. Here, we report the crystal structure of the human SPRTN SprT domain bound to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Our structure reveals a Zn2+-binding sub-domain (ZBD) in SprT that shields its active site located in the metalloprotease sub-domain (MPD). The narrow catalytic groove between MPD and ZBD only permits cleavage of flexible substrates. The ZBD contains an ssDNA-binding site, with a DNA-base-binding pocket formed by aromatic residues. Mutations of ssDNA-binding residues diminish the protease activity of SPRTN. We propose that the ZBD contributes to the ssDNA specificity of SPRTN, restricts the access of globular substrates, and positions DPCs, which may need to be partially unfolded, for optimal cleavage.