cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigating Protein Aggregation using Segmental Isotope Labeling and 2D IR Spectroscopy

Protein misfolding and aggregation are important processes in numerous human diseases, but the detailed structural changes that occur therein evade traditional crystallographic and NMR-based techniques. Rapid-scan 2D IR spectroscopy, combined with heavy isotope labeling, provides information on local secondary structure and coupling between IR chromophores, which can be used to study systems that aggregate in vitro on a timescale of minutes to hours. Recently, we have utilized single-position 1-13C=18O labels to develop a detailed kinetic model of the aggregation of synthetic hIAPP, a 37 AA peptide implicated in type II diabetes mellitus. Here we demonstrate a segmental, 13C labeling approach to the study the much larger human gammaD-crystallin, a 173 AA eye lens protein that aggregates via an unknown mechanism during cataract formation. Using bacterial expression and native chemical ligation, we have generated a gammaD-crystallin variant in which the highly similar N- and C-terminal domains are uniformly enriched in 12C and 13C, respectively. This results two well-resolved diagonal peaks in the 2D IR spectrum of the natively folded protein, with a separation of ∼40 cm−1. Aggregation under acidic conditions results in spectral changes consistent with amyloid fiber formation in the C-terminal domain and unfolding of the N-terminal domain, with evidence of interaction between the two based on the presence of cross-peaks. The structural model we propose, currently resolved at the level of individual domains, is nonetheless the most detailed available for a gammaD-crystallin aggregate to date. We anticipate that the method described will be broadly applicable to difficult systems including many aggregating, natively unstructured, or membrane-associated proteins.
Anomalous Infrared Absorption in Granular Superconductors

Granular superconductors are shown to have a far-infrared absorption that is larger when the samples are superconducting than when they are normal. By constrast, theoretical models for these materials predict that when the samples become superconducting, the absorption should decrease.
Calculation of spectroscopic amplitudes using boson expansion wave functions

Abstract A formalism is derived which allows the evaluation of spectroscopic amplitudes for two-nucleon transfer reactions. The transfer is assumed to take place between low-lying collective states described by boson expansion wave functions. Numerical calculations have been performed for (t, p) reactions on148, 150, 152Sm. Excellent agreement is obtained for cross sections leading to the ground state in the residual nucleus.
An introduction to DSM-IV.

With this column, the task force on DSM-IV begins the first ofa series of columns on issues in the development of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM-IV, which is scheduled for publication in 1993. The purpose ofthe column is to encourage the widest possible participation in the development of DSM-IV. In this and other ways, we hope to solicit a diversity ofdata and opinion relevant to the revision of the diagnostic classification and to highlight major issues in the development ofDSM-JV as they arise. The impact of DSM-IV and the extent of its use cannot be underestimated. DSM-JV will be used by psychiatric clinicians and researchers of all disciplines-psychiatrists, nurses, social workers, psycholo-
Symmetric stiffness matrix for incompressible hyperelastic materials

Symmetric structure matrices are derived for solving plane strain and axisymmetric problems involving incompressible hyperelastic materials. An infinite hollow cylinder subjected to internal pressure is considered as an example. Displacement and hydrostatic pressure profiles are calculated using the Newton-Raphson iteration technique. The results are in good agreement with the exact curves.
Identification of stapedius muscle motoneurons in squirrel monkey and bush baby

The location of brainstem neurons which mediate the stapedius reflex was identified by injecting horseradish peroxidase into the stapedius muscle of squirrel monkeys and bush babies. Retrogradely labeled neurons, arranged in a one- to three-cell column, were found medial to the main facial motor nucleus in squirrel monkeys and ventral to it in bush babies. Nissl, protargol, and acetylcholinesterase stains were subsequently used to identify and describe this unique column of cells. It was found that staining characteristics, as well as shape, size, and location, distinguish stapedius muscle motoneurons from closely associated cell groups. Furthermore, stapedius muscle motoneurons are morphologically similar to periolivary cells and morphologically dissimilar to cells within the facial motor nucleus.
Quantum Theory of Many-Particle Systems. II. Study of the Ordinary Hartree-Fock Approximation

A system of $N$ antisymmetric particles, moving under the influence of a fixed potential and their mutual many-particle interactions, is investigated in the ordinary Hartree-Fock scheme, having the total wave function approximated by a single Slater determinant. It is shown that all the density matrices of various orders, the wave function, and the entire physical situation depends only on a fundamental invariant $\ensuremath{\rho}({x}_{1}, {x}_{2})$, which is identical with the first-order density matrix. The Hartree-Fock equations are expressed in terms of this quantity.The Hartree-Fock equations are also solved by expanding the eigenfunctions in a given complete set, and applications to the MO-LCAO theory of the electronic structure of molecules, and crystals are given. It is shown that, in this scheme, the entire physical situation depends on a charge- and bond-order matrix $R(\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\mu})$ with respect to the ordinary atomic spin-orbitals involved. The Hartree-Fock equations for this matrix are investigated.Finally, the ionized and excited states are investigated, and it is shown that the Hartree-Fock scheme has a high degree of physical visuality also in case of many-particle interactions. The excitation energy of the system is the difference (${{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{j}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{i}$) between two "spin-orbital energies," being eigenvalues to the effective Hamiltonians associated with the two states under consideration.
Sidney E. Mead's Tragic Theology of the Republic

The fanaticism of all parties must be allowed to burn down to ashes, like a fire out of control. If it survives, it will be only because it will have humanized itself, reduced its dogmas to harmless metaphors, and sunk down a tap-root, to feed it, into the dark damp depths of mother earth. The economy of nature includes all particular movements, combines and transforms them all, but never diverts its wider processes to render them obedient to the prescriptions of human rhetoric. Things have their day, and their beauties in that day. It would be preposterous to expect any one civilization to last forever. George Santayana, "My Host the World"'
Direct measurements of multi-component hydrates on the seafloor : Pathways to growth

Abstract The phase behavior of multi-component hydrate systems formed in the ocean has been studied using a sea-going in situ Raman spectrometer. Results from a field study using a synthetic hydrate sample and preliminary measurements of naturally occurring thermogenic hydrates at Barkley Canyon are reported and compared. This work follows early field trials using simple and binary synthetic hydrates and an expedition to Hydrate Ridge, studying natural hydrates primarily composed of methane. This refined Raman technique was combined with visual observations utilizing remotely operated vehicles as experimental platforms in an oceanic laboratory. Traditional laboratory Raman analysis was also performed on hydrate samples following recovery. A synthetic hydrate was first studied in Monterey Bay to characterize the formation, evolution, and dissociation of multi-component gas hydrates formed in the deep ocean as a guide to understanding complex behavior of natural hydrate systems. The gas mixture (92.5% CH 4 , 3.8% C 2 H 6 , 1.9% C 3 H 8 , 0.4% i -C 4 H 10 , 0.4% n -C 4 H 10 , 0.1% i -C 5 H 12 , 0.1% n -C 5 H 12 , and 0.1% neo-C 5 H 12 ) was chosen to simulate a typical natural gas composition. Regions of sII and mixed sI–sII hydrate were measured in situ after 65 days of formation. The presence of a heterogeneous inter-mixed sI–sII hydrate suggests a formation mechanism where hydrate growth proceeds from localized pockets of isolated gas, such as gas bubbles separated from the bulk vapor phase by hydrate membranes, where sI formation follows the depletion of sII-forming gases within these individual hydrate reactors. Unstable conditions during recovery led to significant hydrate dissociation, leaving only ice and a compositionally homogenous sII hydrate phase, with no evidence of the sI that had been observed at the seafloor. To investigate whether this process may operate in natural systems, a Raman investigation of the natural thermogenic hydrates at Barkley Canyon was carried out. Massive seafloor hydrate outcrops varied in appearance from yellow, due to oil staining, to white. While the yellow hydrate had significant interference due to fluorescence, detailed analysis of the in situ Raman data was possible for the white hydrate. This white hydrate was mainly sII, but the presence of sI was also detected. The heterogeneity in both structure and composition of these natural hydrates was similar to the synthetic hydrate formed in Monterey Bay. These similarities suggest that a controlled seafloor experiment was able to simulate a natural thermogenic hydrate with reasonable accuracy. Further development of theory and testing is needed to determine if the ‘individual hydrate reactor’ mechanism was indeed the pathway to growth in this natural system.
Caffeine potentiation of apomorphine discrimination.

Abstract Rats were trained to discriminate between the stimulus properties of intraperitoneal 0.16 mg/kg apomorphine and saline in a two-lever, food-motivated operant task. Apomorphine, at doses different than the training dose, produced a dose-response relationship, whereas, caffeine (7.5–30 mg/kg) produced saline-like responding. However, co-administered of 15 mg/kg caffeine with 0.01, 0.02 or 0.04 mg/kg apomorphine potentiated the discriminative stimulus properties of these low apomorphine doses. This potentiation was antagonized by pretreatment with 0.25 mg/kg haloperidol. The results are consistent with the idea that caffeine, by virtue of being a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, may increase post-synaptic cyclic-AMP and this, in turn, may supersensitize the dopamine receptors and result in the potentiation of the apomorphine-induced dopaminergic responses.
Robot scheduling in a circuit board production line: a hybrid or/ann approach

A hybrid method that combines human intelligence, an optimization technique (semi-Markov decision model) and an artificial neural network to solve real-time scheduling problems is proposed. The proposed method consists of three phases: data collection, optimization, and generalization. The testbed of this approach is the robot scheduling problem in a circuit board production line where one overhead robot is used to transport jobs through a line of sequential chemical process tanks. Because chemical processes are involved in this production system, any mistiming or misplacing will result in defective jobs. The proposed hybrid system performs better than the human scheduler from whom the models were formulated, both in terms of productivity and quality.
Dehydration of Ethanol: New Approach Gives Positive Energy Balance

Water was removed from aqueous ethanol by using cellulosic materials, starch, corn, and other agents. The combustion energy of the ethanol product can exceed the energy needed to carry out the dehydration by a factor of 10.
Changing the Equation on Scientific Data Visualization

An essential facet of the data deluge is the need for different types of users to apply visualizations to understand how data analyses and queries relate to each other. Unfortunately, visualization too often becomes an end product of scientific analysis, rather than an exploration tool that scientists can use throughout the research life cycle. However, new database technologies, coupled with emerging Web-based technologies, may hold the key to lowering the cost of visualization generation and allow it to become a more integral part of the scientific process.
Resolving allocation conflicts in fishery management

Abstract Fishery management conflicts increase as decisions evolve through three stages: conservation, regulation, and allocation. The major sources of conflict in fishery management are increases in the size and effectiveness of user populations, stabilization or decline in the resource base, cultural differences between users, and different goal orientations of users. We present four case studies of Pacific U.S. fishery conflicts, detailing the processes used to resolve them. From the case study examples, we generalize two approaches to the resolution of conflict: authoritative and participatory. The future direction of fishery conflicts is projected to be the expansion of fishery‐specific conflicts into more general resource system conflicts.
The Musical Edge of Therapeutic Dialogue

Listening to the Rhythm. Listening to the Tone. Improvisation and Accompaniment. The Unspoken Dialogue. From the Individual Notes to the Expanding Composition. Mind Metaphors. Play and Interplay: The Counterpoint of Subjective Bodies and Experiencing Desire. Listening to the Dialogue of Harmony and Dissonance. Coda.
DNA Replication: Metazoan Sld3 Steps Forward

Summary In yeast, phosphorylation of the Sld3 protein by cyclin-dependent kinases is essential for replication initiation. In metazoans, three potential Sld3 counterparts have emerged. A new study suggests that one of these, Treslin/Ticrr, is the Sld3 ortholog.
Open Letter to a Professor of Speech

Author's summary.— An appeal to all professors of Speech for definite union with professors of English and the foreign languages in a whole-hearted maintenance of the common front, with acknowledgment of dependence on the great arsenal of language, Latin.
Characterization of the Apolipoprotein(a) Gene

Five homologous genes have been isolated and characterized and found to belong to the plasminogen-apolipoprotein(a) gene family. One of these genes is the true apolipoprotein(a) gene because it has typical regulatory elements and exons coding for kringle 4 repeats. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that each of 11 types of the kringle 4 repeats is encoded by two exons and that the splice junctions of the exons coding for the (pseudo)serine protease domain of apo(a) were also located in exactly the same positions as those of plasminogen.
Using a Data Chat to Teach Instructional Interventions: Student Perceptions of Data Literacy in an Assessment Course.

Recent public policy and research aimed at addressing student-achievement accountability in education may make it prudent for teacher-education programs to explicitly address data literacy as a valid outcome for their graduates. This article examines the changes in perceptions of comfort toward data-literacy behaviors before and after an instructional intervention called a Data Chat for students in a teacher-preparation program. The results suggest that the intervention increased student perceptions of comfort in performing those data-literacy behaviors required for successful data use as a classroom teacher. We contend that data literacy is the new literacy for the next generation of teacher-education graduates.
Stable gene equilibria for mixtures of random and assortative mating

Abstract A unique, stable equilibrium is shown to exist for a mixture of random and pure assortative mating at a single gene locus, provided the fraction of the population practicing assortative mating is sufficiently small. This equilibrium is viewed as a perturbation of the classical Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Limits of the processing view in accounting for dissociations among memory measures in a clinical population

In three experiments, we examined the performance of patients with schizophrenia on implicit and explicit memory tests that have been shown to involve predominantly data-driven or predominantly conceptually driven processes. In Experiment 1, we compared the implicit tests of category production (conceptually driven)and word identification (data driven) and found that schizophrenic patients’ performance on these tests did not differ from that of normal subjects. In Experiment 2, a comparison of the category-production and explicit cued-recall tests, both of which involve conceptual processes, showed that schizophrenic patients were impaired on the cued-recall test but not on the category-production test. In Experiment 3, a comparison of the word-identification and explicit graphemic cued-recall tests, both of which involve data-driven processes, showed that patients were impaired on the cued-recall test but not on the word-identification test. The results of both Experiments 2 and 3 revealed a dissociation between implicit and explicit test performance under conditions in which the two tests involve similar- types of processes. These results support theoretical views that distinguish implicit from explicit modes of retrieval.
Predicting citizen race in allegations of misconduct against the police

Official complaints that have been filed with the internal affairs office of a large police department in the Southeast were examined over a three-year period. Using logistic regression, three areas were used to predict the race of the citizen filing the complaint: characteristics of the officer (age, tenure, race, and gender); characteristics of the complaint (initiation circumstance, complaint type, and number of officers at the scene); and reaction of the department (substantiation rate and sanctions). A number of the variables were found to be significant predictors of citizen race, including officer age and tenure, complaint type and initiation, number of officers at the scene, and substantiation of the complaint. The relationship between substantiation and citizen race was found to be spurious; when controlling for complaint type, the relationship was no longer significant.
Lysine-rich histone H1 kinase from soybean hypocotyl.

Abstract A protein kinase (ATP: histone phosphotransferase) with high specificity for the phosphorylation of the very lysine-rich histone H1 has been partially purified and characterized from soybean hypocotyl. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 48,500. Its activity and sedimentation behavior are refractory to cyclic nucleoside monophosphates. No significant amount of cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP binding activity could be detected in the crude or partially purified enzyme preparations. Km for ATP and histone H1 are 0.4 μM and 0.7 μM, respectively. The enzyme requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ for activity, while addition of 0.5 mM Ca2+, Zn2+ or Hg2+ results in 50% inhibition. Arginine-rich histones H3 and H4 are inhibitory to histone H1 phosphorylation; these histones affect the Vmax of the enzyme, but not the Km for histone H1.
A novel binary mask estimator based on sparse approximation

While most single-channel noise reduction algorithms fail to improve speech intelligibility, the ideal binary mask (IBM) has demonstrated substantial intelligibility improvements. However, this approach exploits oracle knowledge. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a novel binary mask estimator based on a simple sparse approximation algorithm. Our approach does not require oracle knowledge and instead uses knowledge of speech structure.
An Atypical Case of Methemoglobinemia due to Self-Administered Benzocaine

Acquired methemoglobinemia is an uncommon hemoglobinopathy that results from exposure to oxidizing agents, such as chemicals or medications. Although, as reported in the adult population, it happens most often due to prescribed medication or procedural anesthesia and not due to easily accessed over-the-counter medications, the authors will describe an otherwise healthy male adult with no known medical history and no prescribed medications, who presented to the emergency department reporting generalized weakness, shortness of breath, headache, dizziness, and pale gray skin. In addition, the patient reported that he also had a severe toothache for several days, which he had been self-treating with an over-the-counter oral benzocaine gel. Ultimately, the diagnosis of methemoglobinemia was made by clinical history, physical examination, and the appearance of chocolate-colored blood and arterial blood gas (ABG) with cooximetry. After 2 mg/kg of intravenous methylene blue was administered, the patient had complete resolution of all signs and symptoms. This case illustrates that emergency physicians should be keenly aware of the potential of toxic hemoglobinopathy secondary to over-the-counter, nonprescribed medications. Discussion with patients regarding the dangers of inappropriate use of these medicines is imperative, as such warnings are typically not evident on product labels.
A 1.8GHz stacked power amplifier in 45nm CMOS SOI technology with substrate-transferred to AlN

A 1.8GHz power amplifier (PA) is implemented with a stack of 16 dynamically-biased thin-oxide transistors (t ox = 1.16nm) in a standard 45nm CMOS SOI process. The stack configuration increases the overall breakdown voltage as well as the output impedance. The conductive Si substrate of the PA fabricated in a standard 45nm CMOS SOI process is etched and replaced by Aluminum Nitride (AlN) substrate to reduce the adverse effect of parasitic capacitances. The PA delivers a saturated output power (P SAT ) of 26.5 dBm and a peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 19% at 1.8GHz when biased with high supply voltage (V DD = 12V) and low drain current for satisfying high-reliability requirements. The performance is comparable with reported PAs despite using very low-breakdown voltage transistors.
Economic evaluation research in the context of Child Welfare policy: a structured literature review and recommendations.

Abstract Objectives With over 1 million children served by the US Child Welfare system at a cost of $20 billion annually, this study examines the economic evaluation literature on interventions to improve outcomes for children at risk for and currently involved with the system, identifies areas where additional research is needed, and discusses the use of decision-analytic modeling to advance Child Welfare policy and practice. Methods The review included 19 repositories of peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed “gray” literatures, including items in English published before November, 2009. Original research articles were included if they evaluated interventions based on costs and outcomes. Review articles were included to assess the relevance of these techniques over time and to highlight the increasing discussion of methods needed to undertake such research. Items were categorized by their focus on: interventions for the US Child Welfare system; primary prevention of entry into the system; and use of models to make long-term projections of costs and outcomes. Results Searches identified 2,640 articles, with 49 ultimately included (19 reviews and 30 original research articles). Between 1988 and 2009, reviews consistently advocated economic evaluation and increasingly provided methodological guidance. 21 of the original research articles focused on Child Welfare, while 9 focused on child mental health. Of the 21 Child Welfare articles, 81% (17) focused on the US system. 47% (8/17) focused exclusively on primary prevention, though 83% of the US system, peer-reviewed articles focused exclusively on prevention (5/6). 9 of the 17 articles included empirical follow-up (mean sample size: 264 individuals; mean follow-up: 3.8 years). 10 of the 17 articles used modeling to project longer-term outcomes, but 80% of the articles using modeling were not peer-reviewed. Although 60% of modeling studies included interventions for children in the system, all peer-reviewed modeling articles focused on prevention. Conclusions Methodological guidance for economic evaluations in Child Welfare is increasingly available. Such analyses are feasible given the availability of nationally representative data on children involved with Child Welfare and evidence-based interventions. Practice implications Policy analyses considering the long-term costs and effects of interventions to improve Child Welfare outcomes are scarce, feasible, and urgently needed.
Microwave vs. solvothermal synthesis of hollow cobalt sulfide nanoprisms for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and supercapacitors

Hollow cobalt sulfide nanoprisms obtained by a two-step, microwave-assisted synthesis within 15 min exhibit higher hydrogen evolution catalytic activity and better specific capacitance than their counterparts prepared by a traditional solvothermal method.
Logic circuits operating in subthreshold voltages

In this paper different logic circuit families operating in the subthreshold region are analyzed. Their performance in terms of power and speed are of particular interest. The study complements existing work that has reported static CMOS circuit performance under different body biasing schemes in the subthreshold region. Further it offers assurances on noise margins with scaling going beyond the 100 nm technology node. Simulations have been performed at the 180 nm technology node using a 6 metal layer TSMC process. A tunable body biasing scheme that allows bulk CMOS circuits to operate efficiently at subthreshold as well as above threshold voltages is introduced. The scheme improves a five-stage NAND ring oscillator switching speed 6X better than the static CMOS configuration while dissipating 18 % less power.
Positive reinforcement of litter removal in the natural environment.

Litter is an especially large and costly problem in unsupervised high-use recreational areas. This study investigated procedures to induce visitors to remove litter from an unsupervised U.S. Forest Service area in which signs attached to two litter stations instructed people to pick up and deposit litter. A small sum of money or chances on a larger sum given for participation usually resulted in more bags of litter being picked up per week. Although only a small proportion of the area's users participated in the project, ground surveys indicated the areas sampled were somewhat freer of litter during the payment condition. The results suggest that small monetary rewards may be a promising approach to litter control in unsupervised as well as supervised areas.
Optical-label switching, MPLS, MPLambdaS, and GMPLS

This paper discusses the new architecture and protocol of Optical-Label switching in light of its interworking with MPLS and MPLambdaS networks. The dynamic and agile characteristics of Optical-Label switching indicate its support of diverse QoS, CoS and ToS services while interoperating packet and circuit switching. Optical-Label switching routers employ time, space and wavelength domain switching for contention resolution, and the interface with MPLS, MPLambdaS, or any client networks with proper signaling such as extension of GMPLS.
Gateway Placement with QoS Constraints in Wireless Mesh Networks

Several factors greatly influence the quality of service (QoS) in multihop wireless mesh networks (WMNs). These include the transmission range, number of gateways, number of nodes served by each gateway, gateway location, relay load and access fairness. While finding an optimal solution to simultaneously satisfy the above constraints is known to be MV-hard, near optimal solutions can be found within the feasibility region in polynomial time using heuristic algorithms. In this paper, first we present a near optimal heuristics algorithm for gateway placement, and later we compare its performance with some previously known sub-optimal solutions.
MATERNAL DETERMINANTS OF SEED DISPERSAL IN CAKILE EDENTULA: FRUIT, PLANT, AND SITE TRAITS

Seed dispersion patterns are largely determined by the maternal plant. Characters of the progeny, such as dispersal, that are determined by the maternal parent and that vary with the maternal environment are said to exhibit maternal environmental effects. Because dispersal is maternally determined, the response to selection on dispersal depends on the correlations between generations for maternal traits that influence dispersal. These correlations depend on the direction and degree to which the maternal plant responds to its environment. Although it is widely appreciated that seed dispersal is maternally determined, the evolution of dispersal has not yet been addressed within the context of maternal character evolution. In this study, I identify maternal traits that influence seed dispersion patterns and characterize their variation as a function of maternal environmental conditions in order to determine whether maternal environmental effects on dispersal are possible and to predict the direction of corre...
Scalable Hybrid Wireless Network-on-Chip Architectures for Multicore Systems

Multicore platforms are emerging trends in the design of System-on-Chips (SoCs). Interconnect fabrics for these multicore SoCs play a crucial role in achieving the target performance. The Network-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm has been proposed as a promising solution for designing the interconnect fabric of multicore SoCs. But the performance requirements of NoC infrastructures in future technology nodes cannot be met by relying only on material innovation with traditional scaling. The continuing demand for low-power and high-speed interconnects with technology scaling necessitates looking beyond the conventional planar metal/dielectric-based interconnect infrastructures. Among different possible alternatives, the on-chip wireless communication network is envisioned as a revolutionary methodology, capable of bringing significant performance gains for multicore SoCs. Wireless NoCs (WiNoCs) can be designed by using miniaturized on-chip antennas as an enabling technology. In this paper, we present design methodologies and technology requirements for scalable WiNoC architectures and evaluate their performance. It is demonstrated that WiNoCs outperform their wired counterparts in terms of network throughput and latency, and that energy dissipation improves by orders of magnitude. The performance of the proposed WiNoC is evaluated in presence of various traffic patterns and also compared with other emerging alternative NoCs.
Lipodystrophy and muscular dystrophy caused by PTRF mutations

Human PTRF mutations cause secondary deficiency of caveolins resulting in muscular dystrophy with generalized lipodystrophy Hayashi et al. (2009) The Journal of Clinical Investigation 119: 2623–2633
Hardware support for control transfers in code caches

Many dynamic optimization and/or binary translation systems hold optimize/translated superblocks in a code cache. Conventional code caching systems suffer from overheads when control is transferred form one cached superblock to another, especially via register-indirect jumps. The basic problem is that instruction addresses in the code cache are different from those in the original program binary. Therefore, performance for register-indirect jumps depends on the ability to translate efficiently from source binary PC values to code cache PC values. We analyze several key aspects of superblock chaining and find that a conventional baseline code cache with software jump target prediction results in 14.6% IPC loss versus the original binary. We identify the inability to use a conventional return address stack as the most significant performance limiter in code cache systems. We introduce a modified software prediction technique that reduces the IPC loss to 11.4%. This technique is based on a technique used in threaded code interpreters. A number of hardware mechanisms, including a specialized return address stack and a hardware cache for translated jump target addresses, are studied for efficiently supporting register-indirect jumps. Once all the chaining overheads are removed by these support mechanisms, a superblock-based code cache improves performance due to a better branch prediction rate, improved I-cache locality, and increased chances of straight-line fetches. Simulation results show a 7.7% IPC improvement over a current generation 4-way superscalar processor.
The density of seawater as a function of salinity (5 to 70 g kg 1 ) and temperature (273.15 to 363.15 K)

Abstract. New seawater density measurements were made as a function of temperature T=(273.15 to 363.15) K and salinity (5 to 70 g kg−1). The measurements (N=230) from T=273.15 to 313.15 K and Practical Salinity (S) from 0 to 40 were found to be in good agreement (σ=0.0036 kg m−3) with the equation of state of seawater (Millero and Poisson, 1981) made on samples with a known chlorinity (Cl). These results indicate that the Practical Salinities (S) are in agreement to within ±0.003 kg m−3 with the values calculated from the Chlorinity, SCl=1.80655 Cl. The measurements from 298.15 to 363.15 were used to extend the equation of state to high temperatures and salinities. All the densities were made relative to pure water (ρ−ρ0 where ρ0 is the density for pure water) were fitted to equations of the form (ρ−ρ0)/(kg m−3)=A SA+B SA1.5+C SA2 where A, B, and C are functions of temperature and SA (g kg−1) is the absolute salinity, SA=(35.16504/35) S g kg−1. The fitted results from SA=0 to 50 g kg−1 and T=273.15 to 313.15 K (N=242) gave standard errors of 0.0037 kg m−3. The fitted results from 298.15 to 363.15 K (N=280) gave standard errors of 0.0063 kg m−3 and all the results (N=522) from 273.15 to 363.15 K gave standard errors of 0.0063 kg m−3. The earlier density measurements (Millero et al., 1976b; Poisson et al.,1980) used to determine the equation of state of seawater (Millero and Poisson, 1981) were combined to derive equations that are valid from 273.15 to 313.15 K and 273.15 to 363.15 K. The standard errors of these fits are respectively, 0.0038 kg m−3 (N=713) and 0.0063 kg m−3 (N=962). These new measurements expand the equation of state of seawater to a wider range of temperature (273.15 to 363.15) K and absolute salinity (0 to 70 kg m−3.
The dose-effect relationship in psychotherapy: a defining achievement for Dr. Kenneth Howard.

This article summarizes the Howard, Kopta, Krause, and Orlinsky (1986) study and notes its contributions to the field of psychotherapy. These contributions include (a) being the flagship study to estimate how psychotherapy is enough, (b) establishing number of sessions or dose as the common treatment unit of psychotherapy, (c) providing the first dosage standard for determining treatment groups, (d) inspiring the recent wave of effectiveness research, and (e) presenting the first methodology that assesses the efficiency of psychotherapy.
Structural Basis of Competitive Recognition of p53 and MDM2 by HAUSP/USP7: Implications for the Regulation of the p53-MDM2 Pathway.

Herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP, also known as USP7), a deubiquitylating enzyme of the ubiquitin-specific processing protease family, specifically deubiquitylates both p53 and MDM2, hence playing an important yet enigmatic role in the p53–MDM2 pathway. Here we demonstrate that both p53 and MDM2 specifically recognize the N-terminal tumor necrosis factor–receptor associated factor (TRAF)–like domain of HAUSP in a mutually exclusive manner. HAUSP preferentially forms a stable HAUSP–MDM2 complex even in the presence of excess p53. The HAUSP-binding elements were mapped to a peptide fragment in the carboxy-terminus of p53 and to a short-peptide region preceding the acidic domain of MDM2. The crystal structures of the HAUSP TRAF-like domain in complex with p53 and MDM2 peptides, determined at 2.3-A and 1.7-A resolutions, respectively, reveal that the MDM2 peptide recognizes the same surface groove in HAUSP as that recognized by p53 but mediates more extensive interactions. Structural comparison led to the identification of a consensus peptide-recognition sequence by HAUSP. These results, together with the structure of a combined substrate-binding-and-deubiquitylation domain of HAUSP, provide important insights into regulation of the p53–MDM2 pathway by HAUSP.
CMOS flash analog-to-digital converter for high speed and low voltage applications

A CMOS flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) designed for high speed and low voltage is presented. Using the Threshold Inverter Quantization (TIQ) comparator technique, a flash ADC can be applied to low supply voltage. A fat tree encoder that has signal delay of O(log2 N) is used for performance. A 6-bit and an 8-bit flash ADC were designed with 0.07 mµ CMOS technology and 0.7 V power supply voltage. The 6-bit ADC operates up to 4.76 giga samples per second (GSPS) with 11.35 mW power consumption. In case of the 8-bit ADC, it consumes 48.90 mW at its high speed 3.57 GSPS.
Accurate cross-sectional stress profiling of optical fibers

A novel technique for determining two-dimensional, cross-sectional stress distributions in optical fibers and fiber-based devices is presented. Use of the Brace-Kohler compensator technique and a polarization microscope for the measurement of retardation due to stress-induced birefringence is described, along with the tomographic reconstruction process for the determination of stress. Measurements are performed on Corning SMF-28 fiber in an unperturbed section, a section near a cleaved end-face, and a section exposed to CO2 laser radiation. Cross-sectional stress distributions are presented. Stress relaxation is quantified in the cleaved fiber and the fiber exposed to CO2 laser radiation.
The Epitaph of Publius Scipio Reconsidered

In her recent discussion of ILLRP 311 Kirsteen Moir draws attention to the discrepancy between the epitaph's apparent claim that young Publius had before him a brilliant career, had he but survived, and the description which Cicero provides of Africanus' son, Publius, who is usually identified, with varying degrees of conviction, as the subject of this inscription. As Moir points out, the son of Africanus, though remarkably erudite, was incapacitated by poor health from achieving the military and political distinction predicted by the necrology. Within the actual text of this inscription, one might add, there is another discrepancy: the Publius here commemorated was flamen Dialis, and the taboos which restricted the daily life of the priest of Jupiter effectively barred him, regardless of his powers or inclination, from fulfilling the promise voiced by his memorial. Moir proposes a solution which will solve both problems. She suggests that the gloria to which Publius could look forward was literary celebrity. The son of Africanus, after all, composed works known and read by Cicero a century later, works which documented his literary capabilities. Such attainment was well within the grasp of the flamen Dialis. And this interpretation of the inscription, if correct, would solve both discrepancies.
Vocational Virtue Ethics: Prospects for a Virtue Ethic Approach to Business

In this essay, I explore the prospects for a virtue ethic approach to business. First, I delineate two fundamental criteria that I believe must be met for any such approach to be viable: viz., the virtues must be exercised for the sake of the good of one’s life as a unitary whole (contra role-morality approaches) and for the common good of the communities of which one is a part as well as the individual good of their members (contra egoist approaches). Second, I argue that these two criteria can be met only if we are able to reconceive and transform the nature of work within contemporary business organizations. In particular, what is needed, I argue, is a retrieval of something like the older ideal of work as a “vocation”, or “calling”, whereby work can be viewed as a specific aspect of a more general calling to pursue, through the practice of the virtues, “the good life” both for ourselves and for others. Lastly, I consider some important challenges to this “vocational virtue ethic” approach to work within contemporary business organizations and offer a few suggestions for how they might be met.
Any code of which we cannot think is good

A central paradox of coding theory concerns the existence and construction of the best codes. Virtually every linear code is good, in the sense that it meets the Gilbert-Varshamov bound on distance versus redundancy. Despite the sophisticated constructions for codes derived over the years, however, no one has succeeded in demonstrating a constructive procedure that yields such codes over arbitrary symbol fields. Using the theory of Kolmogorov complexity, it is shown that this statement holds true in a rigorous mathematical sense: any linear code that is truly random, in the sense that there is no concise way of specifying the code, is good. Furthermore, random selection of a code that does contain some constructive pattern results, with probability bounded away from zero, in a code that does not meet the Gilbert-Varshamov bound regardless of the block length of the code. In contrast to the situation for linear codes, it is shown that there are effectively random nonlinear codes which have no guarantee on distance. In addition, it is shown that the techniques of Kolmogorov complexity can be used to derive typical properties of classes of codes in a novel way. >
Visual odometry on the Mars exploration rovers - a tool to ensure accurate driving and science imaging

In this paper, visual odometry is presented as an approach to position estimation to find features in a stereo image pair and track them from one frame to the next. Visual odometry has been a highly effective tool for maintaining vehicle safety while driving near obstacles on slopes, achieving difficult drive approaches in fewer sols, and ensuring accurate science imaging. Although it requires active pointing by human drivers in feature-poor terrain, the improved position knowledge enables more autonomous capability and better science return during planetary operations
Increased transglutaminase activity in elicited and activated macrophages: relationship to production of superoxide anion.

To evaluate whether transglutaminase (TG) might be involved in production of oxygen metabolites, TG activity was measured in resident, in activated, and in elicited murine peritoneal macrophages. These various types of macrophages show a wide diversity in their ability to generate oxygen metabolites. Like other transglutaminases, the macrophage enzyme was found to be a calcium-dependent enzyme that was stabilized by dithiothreitol and inhibited by dansylcadaverine. The TG activity was approximately six-times higher in lysates of LPS-elicited macrophages compared with lysates of resident macrophages; this paralleled the six-fold increase in phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated release of superoxide anion (O2-). From mixing experiments, the difference in TG activity was not due to an endogenous cellular inhibitor in the resident cells. The apparent Km of TG for putrescine was similar in lysates of resident and LPS-elicited macrophages, but the Vmax was significantly greater in lysates of LPS-elicited cells. Macrophages obtained from mice injected with either viable bacillus Calmette-Guerin, muramyl dipeptide, or killed Corynebacterium parvum released three- to six-times more O2- than did resident macrophages. The TG activity in these macrophages was also two- to six- times higher than in resident cells. However, macrophages that were primed by exposure to LPS in vitro exhibited increased production of O2- but no increase in TG activity. We conclude that enhanced TG activity is not a prerequisite for the enhanced O2- production observed in activated macrophages.
Where Is the American College of Cardiology Heading?: A PINNACLE Registry Case Study

![Figure][1] The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and its members are facing significant and rapid changes in the healthcare environment. These changes run the gamut from new payment and care delivery models, to increased certification requirements, and to the rapid dissemination of
Understanding Quality and Cost from a Health Policy Perspective

The need to make decisions with regard to health-care resource use is a fundamental and central problem of health-care policy. Reasoned health-care policy decisions depend on economic evaluations that enable direct comparison between competing health-care proposals in terms of both cost and quality. The cost-benefit analysis is the most complete way of evaluating the cost and quality of health-care proposals, though this method is costly and requires the assignment of a monetary value to health-care outcomes. The cost-effectiveness analysis, which allows a comparison of health-care proposals in terms of cost and QALYs, is more commonly used. Heretofore, most health policy decisions in the United States have been based on implicit data or analyses of cost and quality. It is impossible, however, to make a reasoned health policy decision without knowing both the cost and the quality of health-care proposals, ideally explicitly. With public health-care quality reporting reaching prominence in the current era, the need for explicit cost and quality data is becoming more and more evident.
Coupling indoor airflow, HVAC, control and building envelope heat transfer in the Modelica Buildings library

This paper describes a coupled dynamic simulation of an indoor environment with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, controls and building envelope heat transfer. The coupled simulation can be used for the design and control of ventilation systems with stratified air distributions. Those systems are commonly used to reduce building energy consumption while improving the indoor environment quality. The indoor environment was simulated using the fast fluid dynamics (FFD) simulation programme. The building fabric heat transfer, HVAC and control system were modelled using the Modelica Buildings library. After presenting the concept, the mathematical algorithm and the implementation of the coupled simulation were introduced. The coupled FFD–Modelica simulation was then evaluated using three examples of room ventilation with complex flow distributions with and without feedback control. Further research and development needs were also discussed.
Abstract 278: Enhanced Vasorelaxation Response of Resistance Arteries From Obese Mc4r Deficient Pregnant Rats

While obesity is a major risk factor for preeclampsia, the mechanisms linking obesity and hypertension during preeclampsia are unclear. Hypertension in preeclampsia is associated with placental ischemia-induced release of factors such as anti-angiogenic sFlt-1 into the maternal circulation, which antagonizes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial function. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of obesity on angiogenic factors and endothelial function in obese melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) knockout rats (MC4R+/-, n=4-9) and lean control MC4R+/+ rats (n=4-8). Pre-pregnancy body weight (298±6 vs. 266±3g) and total body fat mass (EchoMRI: 56±3 vs. 44±1g) was greater (P
Unusual Peroxide-Dependent, Heme-Transforming Reaction Catalyzed by HemQ

A recently proposed pathway for heme b biosynthesis, common to diverse bacteria, has the conversion of two of the four propionates on coproheme III to vinyl groups as its final step. This reaction is catalyzed in a cofactor-independent, H2O2-dependent manner by the enzyme HemQ. Using the HemQ from Staphylococcus aureus (SaHemQ), the initial decarboxylation step was observed to rapidly and obligately yield the three-propionate harderoheme isomer III as the intermediate, while the slower second decarboxylation appeared to control the overall rate. Both synthetic harderoheme isomers III and IV reacted when bound to HemQ, the former more slowly than the latter. While H2O2 is the assumed biological oxidant, either H2O2 or peracetic acid yielded the same intermediates and products, though amounts significantly greater than the expected 2 equiv were required in both cases and peracetic acid reacted faster. The ability of peracetic acid to substitute for H2O2 suggests that, despite the lack of catalytic residues ...