cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applying a Collective Resilience Framework to Refugees’ Perceptions of Recovery From Harmful Alcohol Use.

Harmful alcohol use and lack of access to culturally relevant treatment has been identified as a significant problem facing the resettled Karen refugee community. Karen refugees face significant barriers to accessing and compiling with Western treatment programs that do not consider specific cultural and contextual factors related to recovery from harmful alcohol use. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop programs that are culturally and contextually relevant to refugees in the United States seeking treatment for alcohol use. This paper utilizes a collective resilience framework to interpret 3 themes related to reducing harmful alcohol use in the Karen community. This paper reports on a subset of findings from a larger qualitative study of alcohol use in Karen refugee communities. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 34 participants in 6 focus groups to elicit Karen refugees’ perceptions of the causes and consequences of alcohol use in their communities and perceptions of effective methods for reducing or stopping harmful alcohol use. This paper utilizes a collective resilience framework to interpret 3 themes related to reducing harmful alcohol use in the Karen community. Findings indicate that rebuilding or repairing community structures and bonds destroyed by conflict and displacement is an essential ingredient for reducing harmful alcohol use. Implications for practice are discussed.
Distributed data cleansing via a low-rank decomposition

Data acquired across sensors may contain irrelevant components such as interference and noise. A distributed framework is put forth that enables sensors to extract the `clean' portion of a data sequence and isolate the corrupted data. Different from outliers, the corrupted data may affect an arbitrary in size portion of the data sequence. The clean informative data usually consist of low-dimensional components giving rise to a low-rank data covariance matrix, while the presence of irrelevant data increases the rank. This property leads to a novel constrained minimization formulation that combines low-rank matrix decomposition and data selection. A separable formulation is further derived which is tackled via coordinate descent techniques and the alternating direction method of multipliers. Numerical tests demonstrate the potential of the novel distributed scheme.
A three dimensional in vitro glial scar model to investigate the local strain effects from micromotion around neural implants

Glial scar formation remains a significant barrier to the long term success of neural probes. Micromotion coupled with mechanical mismatch between the probe and tissue is believed to be a key driver of the inflammatory response. In vitro glial scar models present an intermediate step prior to conventional in vivo histology experiments as they enable cell–device interactions to be tested on a shorter timescale, with the ability to conduct broader biochemical assays. No established in vitro models have incorporated methods to assess device performance with respect to mechanical factors. In this study, we describe an in vitro glial scar model that combines high-precision linear actuators to simulate axial micromotion around neural implants with a 3D primary neural cell culture in a collagen gel. Strain field measurements were conducted to visualize the local displacement within the gel in response to micromotion. Primary brain cell cultures were found to be mechanically responsive to micromotion after one week in culture. Astrocytes, as determined by immunohistochemical staining, were found to have significantly increased in cell areas and perimeters in response to micromotion compared to static control wells. These results demonstrate the importance of micromotion when considering the chronic response to neural implants. Going forward, this model provides advantages over existing in vitro models as it will enable critical mechanical design factors of neural implants to be evaluated prior to in vivo testing.
Beta-adrenoceptor antibodies and genetics in dilated cardiomyopathy--an overview and review.

Abstract Autoantibodies against the cardiac beta-adrenoceptor are present in 30-40% of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and can be detected using ligand binding inhibition, immunoprecipitation or immunoblotting. The functional consequences of the antibody-receptor interactions are two-fold: (a) in isolated cardiac myocytes, diluted sera from cardiomyopathy patients induce internalization of the beta-receptors which are subsequently degraded intracellularly; (b) in membrane preparations, anti-receptor antibodies inhibit selectively the activity of isoproterenol-sensitive adenylate cyclase. The presence of anti-receptor antibodies is strongly linked to the HLA-DR4 phenotype: 72% of the HLA-DR4 patients in our series had anti-beta-receptor antibodies compared with 22% of the HLA-DR4-negative patients (most of which typed as HLA-DR1). Conversely, 67% of the antibody-positive patients typed as HLA-DR4, compared with only 10% of the antibody-negative patients. These results indicate the presence, in a subset of cardiomyopathy patients, of immunogenetical factors which may modulate myocardial beta-adrenoceptor function.
Plasma amylase and lipase concentrations in captive black-tailed prairie dogs ( Cynomys ludovicianus )

This study was conducted in order to determine plasma amylase and lipase concentrations in captive black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Twenty-six healthy intact captive prairie dogs of both sexes were studied as part of an overall clinical health evaluation performed under general isoflurane anesthesia. Each animal underwent a complete physical examination, complete blood count, plasma biochemistry, and venous blood gas analysis. Venous blood samples were placed in heparinized blood-collection tubes and submitted for plasma amylase and lipase concentration analyses. The reference interval for amylase was 111.3–499.1 IU/L, and the mean and median plasma amylase concentrations were 323.2 and 341 IU/L, respectively (min = 152 IU/L, max = 481 IU/L). The reference interval for lipase was 25.7–78.4 IU/L, and the mean and median plasma lipase concentrations were both 49.5 IU/L (min = 27 IU/L, max = 80 IU/L). The new data presented in this report can promote better physiological understanding and improve clinical management of this rodent species.
Failure of Single-Agent Rituximab for Treatment of Subcutaneous Intravascular Lymphomatosis (IVL): A Case Report.

IVL is an uncommon large-cell lymphoma, usually of B-cell origin. Typically, the CD20+ lymphoma cells possess defects in homing receptors. This leads to limited cell migration from the vessel endothelium, resulting in cell crowding and blockage of intravascular lumens. Patients frequently present with skin lesions, fever, and neurological dysfunction, reflecting the ability of malignant cells to infiltrate various organs. The wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of IVL, along with its propensity to afflict elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge; most cases are discovered post-mortem. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for this malignancy, but outcomes are disappointing, with most patients destined to die from progressive lymphoma and, less commonly, chemotherapy-induced complications. An 86-year-old female underwent a lesion biopsy after bilateral thigh plaques (the largest of which measured 8 × 13 cm) became increasingly erythematous and painful, despite treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids. She was diagnosed with subcutaneous CD20+ IVL. Laboratory studies were notable for hematocrit 29% with iron indices consistent with inflammatory block, lactate dehydrogenase 950 IU/L (normal < 240 IU/L) and β2-microglobulin 1.8 mg/mL (normal < 2.0mg/mL). Whole-body computed tomography and positron emission tomography fusion studies did not suggest lymphoma elsewhere. She received rituximab (375 mg/m2/week × 8 weeks) and achieved a complete remission (CR), with the disappearance of thigh discomfort and resolution of her medial thigh plaques. Three months after completion of rituximab treatment, a new left posterior chest wall mass was biopsied and proved to be recurrent IVL. She declined further treatment and was referred to hospice care. Through a Medline search we were able to identify 12 additional patients who were treated with multi-agent chemotherapy and rituximab (n=10) or rituximab monotherapy (n=2). The patients’ ages ranged from 42 to 86 years. The most common clinical presentations in these cases included fever (n=5), nervous system involvement (n=3), and skin rash (n=2). Excluding one multi-agent therapy patient who died during treatment, all patients in our search achieved CRs, with a median follow-up duration of 14 months (range, 6–36 months). Among various lymphoma subgroups (including elderly patients with high-risk features and those with IVL), rituximab has been used as a single agent and to augment the anti-lymphoma properties of multi-agent chemotherapy. Our case report is the first to describe IVL recurrence following rituximab monotherapy, and highlights the need for further investigation on the use of rituximab in the treatment of this rare lymphoma.
Folding Cooperativity of Synthetic Polypeptides with or without “Tertiary” Interactions

Model-based studies on helix–coil transition and folding cooperativity of synthetic polypeptides have contributed to the understanding of protein folding and stability and to the development of polypeptide-based functional materials. Polypeptide-containing macromolecules with complex architectures, however, remain a challenge in the model-based analysis. Herein, a modified Schellman–Zimm–Bragg model has been utilized to quantitatively analyze the folding cooperativity of polypeptide-containing macromolecules. While the helix–coil transition of homopolypeptides (e.g., poly(e-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine) (PZLL)) can be described by the classic model, the folding of grafted polypeptide chains in the comb macromolecules (e.g., polynorbornene-g-poly(e-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine) (PN-g-PZLL)) cannot be accurately predicted by the existing theories, due to the side-chain interactions between grafted polypeptides in the comb macromolecules. Incorporating nonlocal interaction explicability into the statistical mech...
Utilizing a transfer of care bundle to reduce unplanned readmissions to the cardiac intensive care unit

Hospital-based intensive care is known to be a significant driver of healthcare costs. In the USA, intensive care unit (ICU) care accounted for 13% of all hospital costs in 2005.1 One aspect of ICU care that has been found to be both a driver of cost and a measure of quality is ICU readmissions.1 As a result, readmission to the ICU within a single hospitalisation is now viewed by payers as a potential preventable complication, and payers are beginning to propose denial of charges associated with these episodes of care given the impact on length of stay (LOS) and hospital charges.2 Examples from the literature include data from an adult medicine multicentre database enquiry that demonstrated that patients who were readmitted to an ICU have a 2.5-fold increase in hospital LOS compared with patients who were not readmitted.3 Furthermore, Magruder et al 4 demonstrated a 128% increase in hospital charges associated with an ICU readmission, and this trend was present despite risk adjustment for patient severity of illness.4 Over recent decades there has been a significant reduction in the congenital heart disease mortality rate.3 As a result, increasing emphasis has been placed on reducing morbidity and identifying markers of care delivery such as hospital LOS and incidence of hospital readmission.5 The paediatric cardiac population is at particular risk for in-hospital deterioration and subsequent readmission to the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU).6 However, while studies have described that in-hospital readmission to the paediatric CICU is associated with mortality,5 6 there is little data on efforts aimed at preventing these readmissions. It is notable that benchmark data do not exist for this metric; however, our internal single-centre data demonstrated that 2.8% of our patients who were transferred from the CICU to the cardiac step-down unit …
Hierarchical structure and compressive deformation mechanisms of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) horn

Abstract Bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis ) rams hurl themselves at each other at speeds of ∼9 m/s (20 mph) to fight for dominance and mating rights. This necessitates impact resistance and energy absorption mechanisms, which stem from material-structure components in horns. In this study, the material hierarchical structure as well as correlations between the structure and mechanical properties are investigated. The major microstructural elements of horns are found as tubules and cell lamellae, which are oriented with (∼30⁰) angle with respect to each other. The cell lamellae contain keratin cells, in the shape of pancakes, possessing an average thickness of ∼2 µm and diameter of ∼20–30 µm. The morphology of keratin cells reveals the presence of keratin fibers and intermediate filaments with diameter of ∼200 nm and ∼12 nm, respectively, parallel to the cell surface. Quasi-static and high strain rate impact experiments, in different loading directions and hydration states, revealed a strong strain rate dependency for both dried and hydrated conditions. A strong anisotropy behavior was observed under impact for the dried state. The results show that the radial direction is the most preferable impact orientation because of its superior energy absorption. Detailed failure mechanisms under the aforementioned conditions are examined by bar impact recovery experiments. Shear banding, buckling of cell lamellae, and delamination in longitudinal and transverse direction were identified as the cause for strain softening under high strain rate impact. While collapse of tubules occurs in both quasi-static and impact tests, in radial and transverse directions, the former leads to more energy absorption and impact resistance. Statement of Significance Bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis ) horns show remarkable impact resistance and energy absorption when undergoing high speed impact during the intraspecific fights. The present work illustrates the hierarchical structure of bighorn sheep horn at different length scales and investigates the energy dissipation mechanisms under different strain rates, loading orientations and hydration states. These results demonstrate how horn dissipates large amounts of energy, thus provide a new path to fabricate energy absorbent and crashworthiness engineering materials.
The influence of religious orientation on belief in science, religion, and the paranormal.

This study examines the relationships among belief in science and in religion and various paranormal beliefs. Tobacyk and Milford (1983) included religious beliefs in a multidimensional scale of be...
Prediction of particle deposition in granular media

ABSTRACT This paper examines some of the more recent theoretical and experimental investigations on the deposition of particles from suspensions flowing through granular media. Both the initial state of filtration when the media are free of deposited particles and the transient state when the extent of deposition is significant are considered. The capabilities and limitations of current theories in predicting deposition rates are assessed by comparing experimental results with theoretical predictions. Particular emphasis is placed on the effect of surface interaction between particle and grains on deposition as no theory at present time is capable of providing adequate explanation of the surface interaction effect.
Cyclic ozone exposure synergizes with aging leading to memory impairment in male apoE3, not apoE4, targeted replacement mice

The etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an aging-related neurodegenerative disease, is unknown. Recent epidemiology studies suggest that exposure to unhealthy levels of ozone (O3), a highly reactive oxidant and one of most abundant urban pollutant, may be responsible. Whether O3 acts alone or synergizes with other risk factors, such as aging and APOEe4, leading to AD remains to be determined. To test whether O3 exposure, APOEe4, and aging negatively interact leading to AD, we exposed otherwise healthy male apoE4 targeted replacement (TR) mice to a cyclic O3 exposure protocol, which mimics human exposure scenarios, and compared the results to male apoE3 TR mice, which represent the majority of the human population who carries the APOE e3 gene. The results show, surprisingly, that O3 exposure impairs memory of old male apoE3, but not apoE4, mice nor young apoE3 or apoE4 mice. Further studies show that glutathione concentration decreases with increased age and with O3 exposure in the hippocampus of male apoE3 mice, although its concentration is low in male apE4 mice since young age. Cysteine concentration, on the other hand, increases with age in apoE4 mice. The activities of several antioxidant enzymes including thioredoxin 1 are also increased in the hippocampus of old apoE4 mice, compared to old apoE3 mice. This is associated with diminished lipid and protein oxidation, astrocyte activation/inflammation, and neurogenesis in O3 exposed old apoE4 mice. Our results show, for the first time, that APOEe4, a genetic risk factor for AD, actually protects old male mice from O3-induced memory impairment, probably because old apoE4 male mice have developed compensatory mechanisms to combat O3-induced oxidative stress
Surgical "Safe Zone": Rapid Anatomical Identification of the Lesser Occipital Nerve.

Background Surgical intervention has established a vital role in the management of chronic headaches. The lesser occipital nerve (LON) is a common target in patients suffering from occipital neuralgia and is often resected as a first-line option. We endeavored to define the relationships of the LON in the posterolateral neck to facilitate its safe and rapid intraoperative identification. Methods Seven fresh cadavers (14 nerves) were dissected, and their relationships to the mastoid prominence and nearby spinal accessory nerve (SAN) and greater auricular nerve were noted. Results The distance from the mastoid to the emergence of the LON along the posterior sternocleidomastoid ranged from 36 to 51 mm (mean: 45.2 mm), with relative symmetry between the two nerves in the same cadaver. The SAN emerged an average of 54 mm from the mastoid prominence. Conclusion Exploration for the LON should begin at a point 40 mm from the mastoid prominence along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. If the point of exit of the LON is not identified within 10 mm of this exposure, our dissection continues cranially along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, anterior to the trapezius. In rare cases the nerve may pierce the fibers of the muscle and ascend directly on top of the muscle belly. By limiting the caudal extend of the dissection, we can avoid exposure of the SAN and minimize the risk of iatrogenic nerve injury.
Multi-functional Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC)

To support smart infrastructure development in smart cities, it is natural to expect that modern concrete can do more than just carrying load. While offering enhancements in infrastructure resilience, durability, and sustainability, Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) can also offer multifunctionalities. Multifunctional ECCs have the ability to adapt and respond to the changing external environment.
Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool—Breastfeeding: Reference Values for Infants Less Than 7 Months old:

Background:The Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool—Breastfeeding is a valid and reliable 62-item parent-report assessment of symptoms of problematic breastfeeding behavior intended for infants less tha...
Out of the Classroom and into the Deep End: Real World Learning at ICCM

The Institute for Cross Cultural Management (ICCM) is a full-service consulting firm staffed by master’s and doctoral level graduate students who design, develop, and implement all deliverables to clients. This chapter discusses how students learn by doing within a carefully designed setting that promotes experiential learning and individual development. Best practices for similar organizations are shared and discussed.
Eye Gaze-based Early Intent Prediction Utilizing CNN-LSTM

In assistive technologies designed for patients with extremely limited motor or communication capabilities, it is of significant importance to accurately predict the intention of the user, in a timely manner. This paper presents a new framework for the early prediction of the user’s intent via their eye gaze. The seen objects in the displayed images, and the order of their selection are identified from the spatial and temporal information of the gaze. By employing a combination of convolution neuronal network (CNN) and long short term memory (LSTM), early prediction of the user’s intention is enabled. The proposed framework is tested using experimental data obtained from eight subjects. Results demonstrate an average accuracy of 82.27% across all considered intended tasks for early prediction, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Online supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography of biomarkers analysis in aqueous samples for in situ planetary applications

Sensitive and robust in situ chemical analysis of organic biomarkers is essential in the endeavor of finding chemical signatures of life either extinct or extant on our solar system bodies such as Europa, Enceladus, or Titan. Development of new analytical instruments and accompanying methodologies are needed, especially those that are compatible with unknown and diverse samples potentially found on solar system targets and that avoid complexities involved with other wet chemistry techniques (desalting, derivatization and contamination issues, etc.). In this study, we demonstrate that online supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography with water-saturated CO2 can extract and separate nonpolar analytes of astrobiological interest, such as free fatty acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic compounds containing nitrogen or sulfur. Silica was used as a support material to immobilize aqueous samples during extraction. A C18 stationary phase with an embedded polar functional group and efficient end-capping in combination with water in the mobile phase allowed efficient separation of both free fatty acids and basic compounds. The total analysis time was 30 min, including extraction, equilibration, and separation. Detection was performed with a UV detector and a quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization. The method was validated in terms of lower detection limits (0.02–40 μg/L), precision (repeatability 3–13%), relative standard deviation (RSD), intermediate precision 4–26% (RSD), trueness (bias ranging from − 48 to 9%), and retention time shifts (< 2% RSD) for 16 analytes in sample matrices with sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate that may be present in ocean worlds such as Europa or Enceladus.
Differential Vulnerability to Perceived Discrimination Between African American and Caribbean Black Adolescents: The Role of Parental Nativity Status.

An emerging body of research finds that African American and Caribbean Black adolescents are highly susceptible to discrimination, which negatively affects their mental health. Exposure to discrimination appears to be more consequential for mental health among Caribbean Black adolescents; however, past research investigating the differential impact of perceived discrimination on the mental health of African American and Caribbean Black adolescents has failed to take into account parental nativity status. Using data from the National Survey of American Life-Adolescent Supplement (NSAL-A), 2001–2004, this research examines differences in mental health profiles among African American adolescents (n = 783) and Caribbean Black adolescents with US-born (n = 216) and immigrant parents (n = 144) and differential vulnerability to perceptions of discrimination. Findings suggest that Caribbean Black adolescents with immigrant parents report fewer depressive symptoms than African American adolescents. Caribbean Black adolescents with immigrant parents also perceive lower levels of discrimination than Caribbean Black adolescents with US-born parents. Generally, greater perceptions of discrimination were associated with diminished mental health among all adolescents; however, relative to African American adolescents, associations between perceived discrimination and both mental health indicators were augmented among Caribbean Black adolescents with immigrant parents. No differences were observed between African American adolescents and Caribbean Black adolescents with US-born parents. Theoretical and policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Mobile App to Improve House Officers' Adherence to Advanced Cardiac Life Support Guidelines: Quality Improvement Study.

Background: Effective and timely delivery of cardiac arrest interventions during in-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation is associated with greater survival. Whether a mobile app that provides timely reminders of critical interventions improves adherence to Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) guidelines among house officers, who may lack experience in leading resuscitations, remains unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a commercially available, dynamic mobile app on house officers’ adherence to ACLS guidelines. Methods: As part of a quality improvement initiative, internal medicine house officers were invited to participate and randomized to lead 2 consecutive cardiac arrest simulations, one with a novel mobile app and one without a novel mobile app. All simulations included 4 cycles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with different cardiac arrest rhythms and were video recorded. The coprimary end points were chest compression fraction and number of correct interventions in each simulation. The secondary end point was incorrect interventions, defined as interventions not indicated by the 2015 ACLS guidelines. Paired t tests compared performance with and without the mobile app. Results: Among 53 house officers, 26 house officers were randomized to lead the first simulation with the mobile app, and 27 house officers were randomized to do so without the app. Use of the mobile app was associated with a higher number of correct ACLS interventions (out of 7; mean 6.2 vs 5.1; absolute difference 1.1 [95% CI 0.6 to 1.6]; P<.001) as well as fewer incorrect ACLS interventions (mean 0.3 vs 1.0; absolute difference –0.7 [95% CI –0.3 to –1.0]; P<.001). Simulations with the mobile app also had a marginally higher chest compression fraction (mean 90.9% vs 89.0%; absolute difference 1.9% [95% CI 0.6% to 3.4%]; P=.007). Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study suggests that this novel mobile app may improve adherence to ACLS protocols, but its effectiveness on survival in real-world resuscitations remains unknown.
Th17 cells and its roles in asthma and allergy diseases

Th17 cells were identified as an independent lineage of CD4+ T cells that secrete a distinctive set of immunoregulatory cytokines, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of a diverse group of immune-mediated diseases. Recent data in humans and mice trials suggest that as the hallmark cytokine of Th17 cells, IL-17 involved in the inducement and the inflammation of allergy, such as asthma. IL-17 induces chemokine IL-8, and prominently recruits neutrophils in the airways in severe asthma exacerbations and may contribute to airway gland hypersecretion, bronchial hyper-reactivity and airway wall remodelling in asthma. Given the strong association between excessive Th17 activity and human diseases, new therapeutic approaches targeting Th17 cells are highly promising, but the potential clinical application need further investigation. Key words: Allery; Asthma; Interleukin-17; Th17
Authority and Carnival: Preservice Teachers’ Media Literacy Education in a Time of Truth Decay

This qualitative, longitudinal study traces the development of preservice social studies teachers’ awareness of and reaction to the current climate of truth decay over the course of their initial c...
Seeing the Spanish Civil War in the Yiddish press in popular front France

This article explores photographs that the 1930s Parisian Yiddish communist daily newspaper Naye prese used to depict the Spanish Civil War. I show how Naye prese sidestepped use of the now famous ...
Energy harvesting framework for network simulator 3 (ns-3)

The problem of designing and simulating optimal communication protocols for energy harvesting wireless networks has recently received considerable attention, thus requiring an accurate modeling of the energy harvesting process and a consequent redesign of the simulation framework to include this. While the current ns-3 energy framework allows the definition of new energy sources that incorporate the contribution of an energy harvester, integrating an energy harvester component into an existing energy source is not straightforward using the existing energy framework. In this paper, we propose an extension of the ns-3.20 energy framework in order to explicitly introduce the concept of an energy harvester. Starting from the definition of a general energy harvester, we provide the implementation of two simple models for the energy harvester. In addition, we introduce the concept of an energy predictor, that gathers information from the energy source and harvester and uses this information to predict the amount of energy that will be available in the future. Finally, we extend the current energy framework to include a model for a supercapacitor energy source and a device energy model for the energy consumption of a sensor. Example simulation results show the benefit of our contributions to the ns-3 energy framework.
Introduction to PK12 Professional Development Role-Play Simulation Technology

It is exciting to realize that recent developments in technology and research offer incredibly new and innovative ways for educators to learn how to optimally manage health and behavioral health conversations with students that can really make a difference. These developments span diverse areas including virtual humans, gaming mechanics, simulations, evidenced-based communication strategies, and the increasing adoption of online and mobile instructional technologies.
Evaluation of the prognostic utility of bone marrow biopsy in diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma in the SEER-Medicare dataset.

Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) has become the primary modality for staging in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), whereas the role of staging bone marrow biopsy (BMB) ...
YouTube Videos and Informed Decision-Making About COVID-19 Vaccination: Successive Sampling Study.

Background: Social media platforms such as YouTube are used by many people to seek and share health-related information that may influence their decision-making about COVID-19 vaccination. Objective: The purpose of this study was to improve the understanding about the sources and content of widely viewed YouTube videos on COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: Using the keywords “coronavirus vaccination,” we searched for relevant YouTube videos, sorted them by view count, and selected two successive samples (with replacement) of the 100 most widely viewed videos in July and December 2020, respectively. Content related to COVID-19 vaccines were coded by two observers, and inter-rater reliability was demonstrated. Results: The videos observed in this study were viewed over 55 million times cumulatively. The number of videos that addressed fear increased from 6 in July to 20 in December 2020, and the cumulative views correspondingly increased from 2.6% (1,449,915 views) to 16.6% (9,553,368 views). There was also a large increase in the number of videos and cumulative views with respect to concerns about vaccine effectiveness, from 6 videos with approximately 6 million views in July to 25 videos with over 12 million views in December 2020. The number of videos and total cumulative views covering adverse reactions almost tripled, from 11 videos with approximately 6.5 million (11.7% of cumulative views) in July to 31 videos with almost 15.7 million views (27.2% of cumulative views) in December 2020. Conclusions: Our data show the potentially inaccurate and negative influence social media can have on population-wide vaccine uptake, which should be urgently addressed by agencies of the United States Public Health Service as well as its global counterparts.
Review of challenges associated with the EEG artifact removal methods

Abstract Electroencephalography (EEG), as a non-invasive modality, enables the representation of the underlying neuronal activities as electrical signals with high temporal resolution. In general, the EEG artifact removal methods have been considered as a fundamental preliminary step during EEG analysis. However, the associated challenges of EEG artifact removal methods should be addressed carefully, to fully utilize the data. This manuscript is based on the notion that the full capacity of the EEG artifact removal methods can be achieved while addressing the associated challenges well. Because these methods could enhance the inferences deduced from the EEG data. The focus of this manuscript is to elaborate challenges (e.g., the algorithm-specific challenges and general challenges) of the EEG artifact removal methods. Considering the challenges, the manuscript has presented recommendations to address them. The manuscript also provides information on Matlab and Python-based toolboxes developed for EEG preprocessing. In addition, this manuscript provides a brief account of the EEG artifact types along with an overview of the EEG artifact removal methods. In short, this manuscript provides information on various EEG artifact removal methods and the recommendations provided serve as guidelines for the selection of suitable tools and methods for EEG artifact corrections.
Remote Sensing of Soil Properties in Precision Agriculture: A Review

The success of precision agriculture depends strongly upon an efficient and accurate method for in-field soil property determination. This information is critical for farmers to calculate the proper amount of inputs for best crop performance and least environment contamination. Grid sampling, as a tradition way to explore in-field soil variation, has no longer been considered appropriate since it is labor intensive, time consuming and lacks spatial exhaustiveness. Remote sensing provides a new tool for precision agriculture information gathering and has advantages of low costs, quickness, and high spatial resolution. Great progress has already been made to utilize remote sensing for in-field soil property determination. In this paper, recent publications on the subject of remote sensing of soil properties in precision agriculture were reviewed. Information regarding the soil properties under investigation, sensing techniques, and data analysis techniques were collected to recognize the current state of the art and predict the future trend. Limitations and possibilities using remote sensing for agricultural soil property characterization were also identified. The authors expected that future researchers would be benefited from information presented in this article by choosing most appropriate sensing techniques and data analysis methods for their specific research purposes.
Early life exposure to high fructose diet induces metabolic dysregulation associated with sex-specific cognitive impairment in adolescent rats.

Background: The incidence of adolescent mental health disorders is on the rise. Epidemiological studies suggest that poor nutrition is a significant contributor to this public health crisis, specifically through exposure to high level of dietary sugar, including fructose, during critical periods of development. Previous studies have shown that elevated fructose exposure during adolescence disrupts mental health. Further, it seems that infants display the highest level of exposure to fructose based on nutritional surveys. Despite these data, it is currently unknown how fructose exposure, specifically during infancy, may impact adolescent mental health. Methods: We developed an experimental protocol in rats to investigate the effects of fructose exposure during infancy on behavioral, cognitive and metabolic endpoints in adolescence. Specifically, rat pups were exposed to fructose from birth until weaning through maternal diet. Metabolic assays, quantitative PCR and behavioral protocols such as open field, elevated O maze and a Go/ No-Go operant task, were used to determine whether high fructose exposure during infancy may set the stage for behavioral and metabolic dysfunction in adolescence. Results: We found that exposing rats to high fructose from birth to weaning resulted in higher circulating glucose, insulin and leptin levels in adolescence. High fructose during infancy also increased bodyweight, disrupted metabolic homeostasis in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) as indicated by decreased activity of the cellular energy sensor AMPK, and impaired attention and impulsivity in a male-specific manner. This impaired attention observed in adolescent male rats following neonatal fructose exposure was partially rescued by viral-mediated, in vivo expression of a constitutively active form of AMPK in principal neurons of the BLA. Conclusion: Our results suggest that exposure to high level of fructose during infancy may impact adolescent mental health in a male-specific manner and that manipulation of AMPK activity may mitigate this impact.
Comparison of second-order serendipity and Lagrange tetrahedral elements for nonlinear explicit methods

Abstract This paper evaluates the performances of second-order finite elements for nodal lumped-mass explicit methods in nonlinear solid dynamics, with a particular emphasis on 10-node “serendipity” and 15-node “Lagrange” tetrahedral elements. Historically, many nonlinear explicit finite element codes have exclusively used first-order elements, until a fairly recent flurry of activity that has resulted in higher-order elements becoming available in explicit codes including the authors' in-house one, ParaAble, and the production software EPIC, IMPETUS, LS-DYNA, and Abaqus. A major attractiveness of tetrahedrons is their ease in meshing and higher-order elements can facilitate the avoidance of severe volumetric locking with unstructured C0 meshes, which are generally used with these codes for the discontinuities of inelasticity, contact, etc. They also can improve modeling of flexure and curved shapes as well as eliminate spurious modes without artificial stabilization. The inclusion of face and body centroid nodes with Lagrange interpolants, including the 15-node tetrahedron, has proven to provide robust overall performance with lumped-mass explicit methods and with contact. Nevertheless, versions of the 10-node tetrahedron have also emerged in lumped-mass explicit software. In contrast to hexahedrons, an important observation about tetrahedrons is that the 10-node serendipity version uses about four times fewer quadrature points and a larger time increment than their 15-node Lagrange counterpart, which could result in tremendous computational differences. Serendipity elements, however, notoriously do not nodal mass lump well and tetrahedron versions have not been rigorously evaluated/documented for their effectiveness, as will be done herein with comparisons of those using 15-node tetrahedrons. Using row-summation lumping for Lagrange elements and the ad hoc HRZ scheme for serendipity ones, performances are assessed in common benchmark problems and practical applications using various elastic and inelastic material models and involving large strains/deformations/rotations and severe distortions. Whereas the 10-node tetrahedrons were found to perform much better than their 20-node serendipity hexahedral counterparts, specifically with substantial computational reductions and reasonable predictions, they are not generally quite as accurate or robust as the 15-node tetrahedral elements. The results thus indicate benefits of including both 10- and 15-node tetrahedrons in an explicit code's element library.
UVB-induced eIF2α phosphorylation in keratinocytes depends on decreased ATF4, GADD34 and CReP expression levels

Abstract Aim To elucidate the mechanism behind the sustained high levels of phosphorylated eIF2α in HaCaT cells post-UVB. Main methods In this study, expression levels of the machinery involved in the dephosphorylation of eIF2α (GADD34, CReP and PP1), as well as the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP, IRE1α/XBP1s and ATF6α signaling cascades, were analyzed by western blot and fluorescence microscope. Key findings Our data showed that UVB induces the phosphorylation of eIF2α, which induces the translation of ATF4 and consequently the expression of CHOP and GADD34. Nevertheless, UVB also suppresses the translation of ATF4 and GADD34 in HaCaT cells via a p-eIF2α independent mechanism. Therefore, the lack of ATF4, GADD34 and CReP is responsible for the sustained phosphorylation of eIF2α. Finally, our data also showed that UVB selectively modifies PERK and downregulates ATF6α expression but does not induce activation of the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway in HaCaT cells. Significance Novel mechanism to explain the prolonged phosphorylation of eIF2α post-UVB irradiation.
Destructive Changes in the Neuronal Structure of the FVB/N Mouse Retina

We applied a series of selective antibodies for labeling the various cell types in the mammalian retina. These were used to identify the progressive loss of neurons in the FVB/N mouse, a model of early onset retinal degeneration produced by a mutation in the pde6b gene. The immunocytochemical studies, together with electroretinogram (ERG) recordings, enabled us to examine the time course of the degenerative changes that extended from the photoreceptors to the ganglion cells at the proximal end of the retina. Our study indicates that photoreceptors in FVB/N undergo a rapid degeneration within three postnatal weeks, and that there is a concomitant loss of retinal neurons in the inner nuclear layer. Although the loss of rods was detected at an earlier age during which time M- and S-opsin molecules were translocated to the cone nuclei; by 6 months all cones had also degenerated. Neuronal remodeling was also seen in the second-order neurons with horizontal cells sprouting processes proximally and dendritic retraction in rod-driven bipolar cells. Interestingly, the morphology of cone-driven bipolar cells were affected less by the disease process. The cellular structure of inner retinal neurons, i.e., ChAT amacrine cells, ganglion cells, and melanopsin-positive ganglion cells did not exhibit any gross changes of cell densities and appeared to be relatively unaffected by the massive photoreceptor degeneration in the distal retina. However, Muller cell processes began to express GFAP at their endfeet at p14, and it climbed progressively to the cell’s distal ends by 6 months. Our study indicates that FVB/N mouse provides a useful model with which to assess possible intervention strategies to arrest photoreceptor death in related diseases.
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Lymphoceles Following Renal Transplantation

The encapsulated accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the pelvis, lymphocele, has been described previously as a rare complication of renal transplantation (1) (2) (3) (4). The incidence varies in different reported series from 2% (5), to 6.8%(6), to 18.1%(7).
On the Work of Andrzej Ehrenfeucht in Model Theory

This is a paper about a certain period of the develpoment of model theory upon which the work of A. Ehrenfeucht made an indelible mark. We will pay a special attention to his results about the theories of (Ord,<), (Ord,<,+), and (Ord,<,+,·). Also some of the history of the applications of Ramsey's theorem in model theory will be discussed.
Expression of the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein C gene requires sequences in the 5' noncoding region of the gene.

The role of the 5' noncoding region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein C (gC) gene in viral gene expression was investigated with recombinant herpesviruses that contained the bacterial 13-galactosidase gene under the control of the gC promoter-regulatory region. Each of these viruses had the same DNA sequences from the start of gC transcription upstream to -114 but had variable segments of the downstream 140-base-pair sequence that is between the start of gC transcription and translation. Analysis of 13-galactosidase expression and mRNA synthesis from these viruses demonstrated the importance of DNA sequences from the start of gC transcription downstream to +38 for optimal expression from the gC promoter.
GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE |[lpar]|GP|[rpar]| STIMULATION BY VASOPRESSIN |[lpar]|V|[rpar]|, ANGIOTENSIN II |[lpar]|A2|[rpar]|, GLUCAGON |[lpar]|GLU|[rpar]| AND A23187 IN NEWBORN HEPATOCYTES

Glycogenolysis is regulated by cAMP dependent and independent mechanisms in adult rat liver. Ontogeny of cAMP independent process is unclear. V and A2 stimulate GP by Ca dependent-cAMP independent mechanism as opposed to cAMP dependent GLU. A23187 bypassing surface receptors, alters cytosolic Ca(Ca signal) and stimulates glycogenolysis mimicking hormone action. Rat hepatocytes were in vivo isolated postnatally to examine GP activation by hormones in control and PTU treated (17 d gestation on) hypothyroid rats. GP was expressed hormone/basal;(M±SE%). n=6-8 each.
Language of young hearing-impaired children.

Verbal descriptions of picture stimuli by young children with normal or impaired hearing were evaluated both by ratings and by certain objective scores. One global dimension of language goodness emerged from judges' ratings of structure, grammar, content and creativity. Ratings of structure were successfully predicted by a linear combination of weighted measures of total number of different words, total number of very-high-frequency words, total number of different function words, and total duration of utterance. Scores for tests repeated over periods as long as three years to the same hearing-impaired children reflected growth in language ability which, in some instances, exceeded rate of development of younger normal children. Children who have considerable hearing impairment but who also receive suitable sound amplification may progress rapidly in a " natural " language learning programme. Although these data should not be considered as normative, a first step in developing a clinical measuring tool ma...
Product defect reduction through the use of business process management

Points out that understanding the entire manufacturing process, across organizational boundaries, is a key element in improving shipped product quality level (SPQL). Employee participation in the understanding and improving of IBM's business processes improves product quality, business efficiency and employee morale. The impact of the business process teams on employee morale has been positive and much greater than anticipated. Employees are pleased about having the opportunity and authority to improve the business. They also feel positive about being part of a team dedicated to improving both product quality and the business posture. >