cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transforming c-Ki-ras mutation is a preneoplastic event in mouse mammary carcinogenesis induced in vitro by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea

Abstract Mouse mammary epithelial cells can be transformed in primary cultures to preneoplastic and neoplastic states when treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Mammary carcinomas arising from MNU-induced hyperplastic alveolar nodules (a type of mouse mammary preneoplastic lesion) contained transforming c-Ki-ras genes when examined by the NIH 3T3 focus assay. Hybridization of allele-specific oligonucleotides to c-Ki-ras sequences amplified by the polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the presence of a specific G-35----A-35 point mutation in codon 12 in each of the NIH 3T3 foci as well as the mammary carcinomas. This mutation resulted in the substitution of the normal glycine with an aspartic acid. Furthermore, this mutation in the c-Ki-ras proto-oncogenes was also detected in 9 of 10 hyperplastic alveolar nodules. These results demonstrate that the specific c-Ki-ras mutation is a preneoplastic event in MNU-induced mouse mammary carcinogenesis.
A gravitational puzzle.

The challenge to understand the physical origin of the cosmic acceleration is framed as a problem of gravitation. Specifically, does the relationship between stress-energy and space-time curvature differ on large scales from the predictions of general relativity. In this article, we describe efforts to model and test a generalized relationship between the matter and the metric using cosmological observations. Late-time tracers of large-scale structure, including the cosmic microwave background, weak gravitational lensing, and clustering are shown to provide good tests of the proposed solution. Current data are very close to proving a critical test, leaving only a small window in parameter space in the case that the generalized relationship is scale free above galactic scales. We have a puzzle before us: the Universe does not behave as it ought. The intensity of light rays travelling over cosmological distances appears to be weaker than expected. A simple interpretation that the distances are greater owing to an acceleration of the cosmic expansion merely deepens the mystery. The acceleration is widely attributed to dark energy, a heretofore unknown entity that pervades the cosmos. However, the simple interpretation contains numerous, implicit and explicit assumptions that may not be fully justified: that the motivating data are free of confusing, systematic effects of astrophysical origin; that our Universe is well described by the Robertson-Walker metric on large length and time scales; that light travels on geodesics of the Robertson-Walker metric; that the laws of gravitation are determined by general relativity (GR); and so on. We cosmologists have made exhaustive lists of these assumptions and tested one by one whether suspension of any one of these items might explain the behaviour or lead to a deeper understanding of the Universe. To date, it appears entirely reasonable that the observations may be explained by new laws of gravitation. The solution to the puzzle, then, may be of gravitational origin. It seems like a small step to speculate that perhaps GR yields to a different theory on cosmological scales, whereby normal matter and radiation are sufficient to fuel an accelerated expansion. But what theory? We already have a perfectly good theory and yet we intend to supersede it on the basis of observations of a single phenomenon! There is little comfort to be gained by imagining that Einstein's creation of GR was motivated by a single phenomenon, the perihelion precession
Hadoop and memcached: Performance and power characterization and analysis

Given the rapid expansion in cloud computing in the past few years, there is a driving necessity of having cloud workloads running on a backend servers analyzed and characterized for performance and power consumption. In this research, we focus on Hadoop framework and Memcached, which are distributed model frameworks for processing large scale data intensive applications for different purposes. Hadoop is used for short jobs requiring low response time; it is a popular open source implementation of MapReduce for the analysis of large datasets, while Memcached is a high performance distributed memory object caching system that could speed up throughput of web applications by reducing the effect of bottlenecks on database load. In this paper, we characterize different workloads running on Hadoop framework and Memcached for different processor configurations and microarchitecture parameters. We implement an analytical estimation model for performance and power using different server processor microarchitecture parameters. The proposed analytical estimation model uses analytical method to scale different processor microarchitecture parameters such as CPI with respect to processor core frequency. We also propose an analytical model to estimate power consumption scaling for different processor core frequency. The combination of both performance and power consumption analytical models enables the estimation of performance per watt for different cloud benchmarks. The proposed estimation models are verified to estimate power and performance with less than 10% error deviation.
Aminonitroheterocyclic N-oxides -- A new class of insensitive energetic materials

The need continues for new powerful but insensitive explosive ingredients, which match the performance of RDX with the insensitivity of TATB. One approach has been to take the inherent stability of an aromatic heterocycle, combine this with the explosive insensitivity and thermal stability associated with alternating amino and nitro groups, and to supplement the performance of the molecule with an energy contribution from the N-oxide functionality. The synthesis, characterization and properties (both sensitivity and performance) of aminonitro-pyridine-1-oxides and aminonitropyrimidine-1,3-dioxides will be described.
New technology for examining the anterior segment by ultrasonic biomicroscopy

Purpose To compare the comfort levels and measurement accuracy of the open-shell technique and a bag/balloon technology (ClearScan, ESI) in anterior segment ultrasound biomicroscopy. Setting Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Robert Cizik Eye Clinic, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA. Methods In this prospective investigation, 20 subjects stated their preference and rated comfort (0 best to 5 worst) for the open-shell technique versus the bag/balloon technology. Three anterior chamber depth and sulcus-to-sulcus measurements were obtained, and the mean for each structure was taken as datum for each subject. Order presentation between the 2 methods was randomized. Pairwise t tests and linear regression analysis were used to determine statistical differences. Results One hundred percent of the cohort preferred the bag/balloon technology to the traditional open-shell technique. The mean comfort score was 0.40 ± 0.53 (SD) and 2.95 ± 0.90, respectively ( P Conclusion Biometry, patient comfort, and ease of use were better with the ClearScan bag/balloon technology than with the traditional open-shell technique.
Mismatched training and test distributions can outperform matched ones

In learning theory, the training and test sets are assumed to be drawn from the same probability distribution. This assumption is also followed in practical situations, where matching the training and test distributions is considered desirable. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we show that mismatched training and test distributions in supervised learning can in fact outperform matched distributions in terms of the bottom line, the out-of-sample performance, independent of the target function in question. This surprising result has theoretical and algorithmic ramifications that we discuss.
FEEDFORWARD-FEEDBACK CONTROL OF A VERTICAL LONG-TUBE TOMATO EVAPORATOR. 2. Experimental

SUMMARY A feedforward-feedback control system has been successfully combined with a vertical long-tube tomato evaporator. The product solids concentration from this pilot plant unit was stabilized to ± 0.1% solids despite 10% feed concentration variations. These results were obtained by varying the feed rate instead of the evaporator temperature. Signals from two in-line refractometers continuously measuring solids in feed and product were fed to an analog computer. The computer output was then used to vary the feed rate through an electromechanical linkage.
A method for generating weighted random test pattern

A new method for generating weighted random patterns for testing LSSD logic chips and modules is described. Advantages in using weighted random versus either deterministic or random test patterns are discussed. An algorithm for calculating an initial set of input-weighting factors and a procedure for obtaining complete stuck-fault coverage are presented.
ASN Clinical Pathological Conference

A 61-year-old white male with a history of HIV infection presented with one episode of painless bright red rectal bleeding and was found to have kidney failure. He had no prior history of renal disease. He was diagnosed with HIV infection 15 years previously (acquired by sexual contact) and had a
Uniform Sampling Analysis of a Hybrid Phase-Locked Loop with a Sample-and-Hold Phase Detector

Phase-locked-loop (PLL) bit synchronizers often employ integrate-and-dump type phase detectors that provide phase error information only at discrete points in time. Usually these phase detectors are followed by sample-and-hold circuits to produce a stairstep error voltage as the input to a standard analog circuit loop filter. When the loop is configured in this manner, it is referred to as a hybrid PLL. Sampled-data analysis methods (Z transforms) are used to determine the stability and transient response of this loop.
A Longitudinal Investigation of the Relationship between Educational Investment and Adolescent Sexual Activity

The relation between educational investment and sexual behavior was examined longitudinally in a sample of479 rural adolescents. Surveys were administered to the subjects twice-once when they were in the 8th, 9th, and 10th grades, and again 2 years later, when they were in the 10th, 11th, and 12th grades. Results indicated that among girls, educational investment predicted sexual activity, with academic grades in school significantly predicting reportedfrequency of sexual activity 2 years later. In contrast,forboys, sexual involvement predicted later educational investment, particularly involvement in academic activities. These findings suggest different developmental pattems for boys and girls. For girls, academic involvement may limit their sexual activity. However, sexual activity does not seem to reduce educational involvement. In contrast, sexual activity is associated with less involvement in academic activities for boys. The possible reasons for these gender differences are discussed.
Association of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in expired gas and arterial blood at three different ventilation states in apneic chickens (Gallus domesticus) during air sac insufflation anesthesia

Abstract Objective To test whether partial pressure of CO 2 in expired gas (PĒCO 2 ) predicts the partial pressure of CO 2 in arterial blood (PaCO 2 ) in apneic chickens during air sac insufflation anesthesia at three different ventilation states. Secondary objective: To determine the PĒCO 2 at which apnea occurs during air sac insufflation anesthesia. Study design Randomized cross-over study. Animals Twenty-three healthy male white leghorn chickens. Methods Chickens were anesthetized via mask with isoflurane in oxygen and an air sac cannula was placed in the right abdominal air sac. Delivery of isoflurane in O 2 was transferred from the mask to the air sac cannula. The birds were maintained at a surgical plane of anesthesia and apnea was induced by adjusting gas flow; the PĒCO 2 at apnea was recorded. The birds were then paralyzed and gas flow was adjusted to achieve three different PĒCO 2 s in random order: 43 mmHg (5.6 kPa) [hypoventilation]; 33 mmHg (4.3 kPa) [normoventilation]; and 23 mmHg (3.0 kPa) [hyperventilation]. After maintaining the target expired isoflurane concentration (EIso; 1.85 or 1.90%) and PĒCO 2 for 15 minutes, arterial blood gas analysis was performed to determine the PaCO 2 . The chickens were euthanized at the end of the experiment. Results Based on Bland-Altman comparisons, PĒCO 2 was not strongly associated with PaCO 2 during the three ventilation states. The PĒCO 2 at which apnea occurred varied {median (minimum, maximum): 35 (30, 48) mmHg [4.6 (3.9, 6.2) kPa]}. Conclusions Measured PĒCO 2 cannot be used in a simple linear fashion to predict PaCO 2 in birds during air sac insufflation anesthesia. The PĒCO 2 at which apnea occurs during air sac insufflation anesthesia is not predictable. Clinical relevance Arterial blood gases should be used to monitor CO 2 during air sac insufflation anesthesia to verify appropriate patient ventilation.
Scientific Challenges and Implementation Barriers to Translation of Pharmacogenomics in Clinical Practice

The mapping of the human genome and subsequent advancements in genetic technology had provided clinicians and scientists an understanding of the genetic basis of altered drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as some examples of applying genomic data in clinical practice. This has raised the public expectation that predicting patients' responses to drug therapy is now possible in every therapeutic area, and personalized drug therapy would come sooner than later. However, debate continues among most stakeholders involved in drug development and clinical decision-making on whether pharmacogenomic biomarkers should be used in patient assessment, as well as when and in whom to use the biomarker-based diagnostic tests. Currently, most would agree that achieving the goal of personalized therapy remains years, if not decades, away. Realistic application of genomic findings and technologies in clinical practice and drug development require addressing multiple logistics and challenges that go beyond discovery of gene variants and/or completion of prospective controlled clinical trials. The goal of personalized medicine can only be achieved when all stakeholders in the field work together, with willingness to accept occasional paradigm change in their current approach.
Self-calibrating Online Wearout Detection

Technology scaling, characterized by decreasing feature size, thin- ning gate oxide, and non-ideal voltage scaling, will become a major hindrance to microprocessor reliability in future technology gener- ations. Physical analysis of device failure mechanisms has shown that most wearout mechanisms projected to plague future technol- ogy generations are progressive, meaning that the circuit-level ef- fects of wearout develop and intensify with age over the lifetime of the chip. This work leverages the progression of wearout over time in order to present a low-cost hardware structure that identi- fies increasing propagation delay, which is symptomatic of many forms of wearout, to accurately forecast the failure of microarchi- tectural structures. To motivate the use of this predictive technique, an HSPICE analysis of the effects of one particular failure mecha- nism, gate oxide breakdown, on gates from a standard cell library characterized for a 90 nm process is presented. This gate-level anal- ysis is then used to demonstrate the aggregate change in output de- lay of high-level structures within a synthesized Verilog model of an embedded microprocessor core. Leveraging this analysis, a self- calibrating hardware structure for conducting statistical analysis of output delay is presented and its efficacy in predicting the failure of a variety of structures within the microprocessor core is evaluated.
Evolution of the Study of Methylphenidate and Its Actions on the Adult Versus Juvenile Brain

Objective: Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most often prescribed medication for treatment of ADHD. However, many of its specific cellular and molecular mechanisms of action, as well as developmental consequences of treatment, are largely unknown. This review provides an overview of current understanding of MPH efficacy, safety, and dosage in adult and pediatric ADHD patients, as well as adult animal studies and pioneering studies in juvenile animals treated with MPH. Method: A thorough review of the current literature on MPH efficacy and safety in children, adults, and animal models was included. Results of studies were compared and contrasted. Results: While MPH is currently considered safe, there is a lack of knowledge of potential developmental consequences of early treatment, as well as differences in drug actions in the developing versus mature brain system. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need for further research into the age-dependent activities and potency of MPH, and a need for tighter control and clinical relevance in future studies. ( J. of Att. Dis. 2012; XX(X) 1-XX)
Clothing Behavior as Non-Verbal Resistance: Marginal Women and Alternative Dress in the Nineteenth Century

(1999). Clothing Behavior as Non-Verbal Resistance: Marginal Women and Alternative Dress in the Nineteenth Century. Fashion Theory: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 241-268.
Production of Be 7 , Na 22 , and Mg 28 from Mg, Al, and SiO 2 by protons between 82 and 800 MeV

Cross sections for the production of $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$, $^{22}\mathrm{Na}$, and $^{28}\mathrm{Mg}$ from Mg, Al, and ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ by protons in the 80 to 800 MeV energy range have been determined by direct foil $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectrometry. These nuclides are of interest in several fields of astrophysics, cosmochemistry, and nuclear science. The values obtained are compared with other experimental values and with values predicted using empirical formulas and Monte Carlo methods. A mathematical form for the $\mathrm{Al}(p,X)^{22}\mathrm{Na}$ excitation function above 100 MeV is proposed.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Natural Mg, Al, $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}(p,X)^{7}\mathrm{Be}$, $^{22}\mathrm{Na}$, $^{28}\mathrm{Mg}$, $E=82\ensuremath{-}800$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(E)$.
REMOVAL OF CADMIUM (II) BY ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION

The adsorption of cadmium (II) from a dilute aqueous solution onto an activated carbon surface is investigated. The type and dose of activated carbon, the total concentration of cadmium (II), pH, a...
Concentrating on the mitotic spindle

In eukaryotes, the microtubule-based spindle drives chromosome segregation. In this issue, Schweizer et al. (2015; J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201506107) find that the spindle area is demarcated by a semipermeable organelle barrier. Molecular crowding, which is microtubule independent, causes the enrichment and/or retention of crucial factors in the spindle region. Their results add an important new feature to the models of how this structure assembles and is regulated.
Investigation of an Artesian Well Adjacent to a River

Pump test of artesian well in problem drainage area located adjacent to river is described; pressure conditions within aquifer vary with tidal and runoff fluctuation; calculations of aquifer transmissibilities using well discharge relationships are based on analysis of water level recoveries within tidal cycle; results indicate that pumping for drainage is not justifiable under these conditions.
The Use of Enhanced Vision Systems for See-and-Avoid During Surface Operations

Enhanced vision systems (EVS) are a potential game-changing technology. EVS are “vision-based” technologies intended to supplement or enhance the natural vision of the pilot to obviate low-visibility conditions as a causal factor in civil aircraft accidents and to replicate the operational benefits of clear-day flight operations, regardless of the actual outside visibility condition. A Monte Carlo analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of EVS for see-andavoid during surface operations. From this analysis, EVS should provide no less, if not additional, safety margins. However, to create visual-like operational tempos on the surface (i.e., taxi speeds typical of those used during visual flight rules operations), the EVS must have the same field-of-regard as the cockpit windows or tailored operational procedures and other technologies will be needed to supplement the EVS-derived visual references.
An Application of Abel's Integral Equation

(1922). An Application of Abel's Integral Equation. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 58-60.
ADVANCES IN TISSUE CULTURE METHODS IMPORTANT TO VIRAL DISEASE PROBLEMS.

Considerable interest has been generated for the use of human diploid cell strains as a standard cell system for the production of many human virus vaccines. These strains have a broad spectrum of susceptibility to human viruses and are the only cell system presently known for the isolation and growth of many of the rhinoviruses. They retain characteristics associated with normal cells and apparently are free of latent viruses. Human diploid cell strains developed at the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology have been found to have attributes which strongly recommend them as a replacement for monkey kidney in vaccine production.
Study on the Information System of Urban Earthquake Resistance and Disaster Mitigation Based on WebGIS

Applying WebGIS to establish urban earthquake resistance and disaster mitigation information system is an effective way to enhance the ability to mitigate urban earthquake disaster.Main components and its functions of this information system are expounded and the constructions of geodatabase are introduced in this paper.In addition,special models for the analysis of seismic risk,forecast of earthquake disaster,economy loss and the death of people,and related emergency response are also analyzed.
Flows with buoyancy variations

The occurrence of thermally driven flows A fundamental difference between constant density Darcy flows and those influenced by variations in buoyancy of the interstitial fluid is the absence of a uniqueness theorem in the latter situation. This is not just a matter of our being unable to prove such a theorem. In buoyancy-driven flows, different flow and temperature patterns can in fact occur in a given geometry and the same boundary conditions, and this raises new questions about the stability of flow patterns and the conditions under which one pattern can evolve into another. Internal circulating flows are prohibited in Darcy flows with uniform buoyancy, even though the permeability may vary arbitrarily, but now, flow rotation becomes of great interest, both in theory and in field observation. Variations in buoyancy of interstitial fluids may be the result of variations in salinity, but are more commonly associated with temperature. The temperature variations that both drive subterranean flows, and are also modified by them, are generally the result of the geothermal heat flux from the earth's interior. The average upward heat flux in continental areas is about 2 × 10 −6 cal cm −2 s −1 , a very small fraction of the mean incident solar energy flux. The mean temperature gradient in the earth's upper crust is some 2–3 °C per 100 m, but this gradient and the local heat flux are concentrated and augmented in volcanic and hydrothermal areas by convective heat transfer associated with bodily fluid movements.
Comparative effectiveness of somatotropin and anabolic steroids in feedlot steers.

Crossbred steers (n = 252, BW = 379 +/- 28 kg) were allotted to 42 pens in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments: control or steroid implant (STR; estradiol benzoate+progesterone [three lighter blocks reimplanted on d 84] and trenbolone acetate [reimplanted on d 63]), and either 0, 80, or 160 mg/wk of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST). Steers were adapted to the finishing diet (12% roughage equivalent, 13% CP) before the start of the experiment and fed for 84 or 119 d. Blood samples were taken on d 0, 14, 28, 56, and 84 for plasma urea N (PUN), serum somatotropin (ST), plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and plasma amino acid assay. Few interactions were noted (P > .1). Gain was increased by both treatments: 1.30 vs 1.66 kg/d for control vs. STR (P < .001) and 1.44, 1.49, and 1.51 kg/d (linear, P = .07) for 0, 80, and 160 mg of bST/wk, respectively. Gain efficiency was also improved: 169 vs 205 g/kg (P < .001) and 177, 189, and 195 g/kg (linear, P < .001), respectively. Average PUN was decreased (P < .001) 29% by STR and decreased 17 and 29% by 80 and 160 mg of bST/wk, respectively (linear, P < .001). Somatotropin decreased mean serum ST compared with controls; STR increased ST 36% compared with controls. Average plasma IGF-I was increased (P < .001) 12% by STR and 13 and 19% (linear, P < .001) by 80 and 160 mg of bST/wk, respectively. Both STR and bST influenced (P < .05) plasma amino acid profiles. Indicators of carcass fatness were decreased linearly (P < .05) by bST; STR implant tended to decrease carcass fatness and increase longissimus muscle area, which was related to carcass weight. The anabolic effects of STR and bST were found to be additive and possibly independent in feedlot steers.
Effect of Oral Iron Repletion on Exercise Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Iron Deficiency: The IRONOUT HF Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Iron deficiency is present in approximately 50% of patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) and is an independent predictor of reduced functional capacity and mortality. However, the efficacy of inexpensive readily available oral iron supplementation in heart failure is unknown. Objective To test whether therapy with oral iron improves peak exercise capacity in patients with HFrEF and iron deficiency. Design, Setting, and Participants Phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of patients with HFrEF ( Interventions Oral iron polysaccharide (n = 111) or placebo (n = 114), 150 mg twice daily for 16 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was a change in peak oxygen uptake (Vo 2 ) from baseline to 16 weeks. Secondary end points were change in 6-minute walk distance, plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, and health status as assessed by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ, range 0-100, higher scores reflect better quality of life). Results Among 225 randomized participants (median age, 63 years; 36% women) 203 completed the study. The median baseline peak Vo 2 was 1196 mL/min (interquartile range [IQR], 887-1448 mL/min) in the oral iron group and 1167 mL/min (IQR, 887-1449 mL/min) in the placebo group. The primary end point, change in peak Vo 2 at 16 weeks, did not significantly differ between the oral iron and placebo groups (+23 mL/min vs −2 mL/min; difference, 21 mL/min [95% CI, −34 to +76 mL/min]; P = .46). Similarly, at 16 weeks, there were no significant differences between treatment groups in changes in 6-minute walk distance (−13 m; 95% CI, −32 to 6 m), NT-proBNP levels (159; 95% CI, −280 to 599 pg/mL), or KCCQ score (1; 95% CI, −2.4 to 4.4), all P > .05. Conclusions and Relevance Among participants with HFrEF with iron deficiency, high-dose oral iron did not improve exercise capacity over 16 weeks. These results do not support use of oral iron supplementation in patients with HFrEF. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.govIdentifier:NCT02188784
POWER9: Processor for the cognitive era

This article consists only of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on the POWER9 processor.
The Humanities in the Era of Cooperation: Beyond C. P. Snow's “Two Cultures”

During the forty years since C. P. Snow decried the existence of “two cultures” and castigated “literary intellectuals” for their lack of concern for humanity as a whole, an intellectual revolution in the humanities, driven in part by the intellectual obliteration of boundaries between disciplines and in part by globalization, has reoriented scholars toward engagement in the world and communication with scientists. A recognition that interdependence makes cooperation essential, whether among scholars or among nations, is bringing about an “era of cooperation” among disciplines and between academic and non-academic institutions.
Studies on site I phosphorylation, EPR detectable iron-sulfur proteins, and piericidin a sensitivity in the invivo induction system of Candidautilis cells

Abstract Site I phosphorylation was induced in vivo by aerating C. utilis cells grown under iron-deficient conditions. This induction process was inhibited by cycloheximide. In parallel with Site I phosphorylation, EPR detectable ironsulfur proteins (at least Center 1 and 2) and piericidin A sensitivity were induced and the induction of these features was also inhibited by cycloheximide. These observations further suggest their close correlation with Site I energy conservation mechanism.
A Public Health Opportunity Found in Food Waste

A food waste problem coexists with food insecurity and obesity. Brighter Bites, a school-based food cooperative program, successfully channels primarily donated produce to low-income communities and provides nutrition education, creating an increased demand for and intake of fruits and vegetables. We present the framework used in Brighter Bites and results of operationalizing this framework during 3 years of implementation in Houston, Texas. Results demonstrated that, during 2013 through 2016, more than 12,500 families enrolled in Brighter Bites for 16 weeks in the school year. More than 90% of the produce was donated. Each week, families received on average 54 to 61 servings of fresh produce with the average cost of produce being $2.53 per family per week. Of those parents who completed the process surveys, more than 80% reported the produce to be effective in improving their children's diet. Brighter Bites demonstrates a successful model to address food waste and improve dietary habits of underserved families.
Decreases in Mixed Venous Blood O2 Saturation in Cardiac Surgery Patients Following Extubation.

Background:Decreases in mixed venous O2 saturation (SvO2) have been reported to occur in postcardiac surgery patients during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Our aim was to establish whether th...
Heavy Fermions and Coherent and Incoherent Valence Fluctuations in Cerium Systems

During the past few years, numerous highly correlated f-electron or heavy-fermion (HF) systems have been discovered.1−3 Much of the present interest in these unusual systems is now focused on appropriately placing their fascinating properties within the broad spectrum of magnetic behavior associated with magnetic moment formation and establishing the nature of the f-electron correlations in superconducting, antiferromagnetic and normal paramagnetic HF systems. Many of the unusual properties reported for HF systems and the evolution from mixed valent to HF behavior within the broad context of magnetic phenomena are intimately related to the strength of the f-electron hybridization with the spd conduction electrons. Systematic studies in which the strength of the hybridization is gradually changed are therefore of fundamental importance to the understanding of these systems. The degree of hybridization can be increased by hydrostatic pressure, although the range of variation is experimentally limited. The evolution of the HF state as the f-electron hybridization is varied over a wide range is more conveniently studied by alloying with other appropriate isomorphic systems. However, experimental efforts have been hampered by the limited solubility of many of the known HF intermetallic compounds.
Ammonia Monooxygenase from Nitrosomonas europaea

Nitrosomonas europaea is an obligate chemolithoautotroph which obtains energy for growth from the oxidation of ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2 -). This bacterium, along with other bacteria which obtain their energy from the oxidation of NH3, contribute to the biogeochemical cycling of inorganic nitrogen. The product of NH3 oxidation, NO2 -, becomes the growth substrate for bacteria which oxidize NO2 - to nitrate (NO3 -). Together, these two groups of bacteria carry out the process known as nitrification. In croplands where NH3 is applied as a nitrogen fertilizer, nitrification can lead to loss of nitrogen because the product, NO3 -, is readily leached into ground and surface waters and serves as a substrate for denitrification. Gaseous products of nitrification include the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. In the treatment of sewage, nitrification plays a beneficial role in the conversion of NH3 to NO3 - which is readily denitrified to N2. More recently, a potential role for NH3 oxidizers in the degradation of some environmental pollutants (e.g. chlorinated aliphatics) has been recognized.
PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN GROUNDWATER IN TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical methods were used to identify the major factors affecting pesticide leaching in groundwater from agricultural fields in Tulare County, California. Residues of bromacil, diuron, and simazine increased in groundwater during the 1980s. Bromacil, diuron, and simazine contamination were positively correlated to crop diversity and water demand. Diuron and simazine were positively correlated to groundwater depth and negatively correlated to soil water-holding capacity. DBCP concentration in groundwater was related to the crop coverage. The Goss model was used to examine soil-pesticide interactions and a Pesticide Contamination Index (PCI) was developed. Areas having high leaching potentials were mainly associated with citrus and orchards and coarse-textured sandy soils along the Sierra Nevada foothills, while areas having low leaching potentials were associated with field crops and clay soils of the southwest region. The PCI was largest for DBCP during the 1980s, suggesting that it was the most significant contaminant before 1977 when it was widely used; however, wells were not tested for this pesticide during that period. Twelve years after DBCP was banned, it was still the most significant health risk contaminant. Spatial maps showing the distribution of leaching potentials and soil interactions for these pesticides can provide useful information to regulatory and planning agencies for land use planning and pesticide management.
Will the evolution of overactive bladder delivery systems increase patient compliance

The negative impact of overactive bladder (OAB) on daily quality of life drives the large market of pharmacotherapy targeted at symptoms of urinary frequency and urgency, with or without urinary urge incontinence. Currently, the primary pharmacologic treatment modality is aimed at modulation of the efferent muscarinic receptors (M2 and M3) predominant in detrusor smooth muscle and responsible for involuntary or unwanted bladder contractions. However, due to drug effects in the muscarinic receptors of the salivary glands and intestinal smooth muscle, as well as extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver and intestinal tract yielding parent drug metabolites, adverse side effects are common and can be quite bothersome. These issues, encountered with many of the oral antimuscarinic formulations, limit their tolerability and affect long-term patient compliance and satisfaction. Thus, the benefit of pharmacotherapy for OAB must be a balance between efficacy and tolerability, also known as therapeutic index. This article reviews the current pharmacologic delivery systems available for the treatment of OAB, patient compliance, and reasons for discontinuation of medication.
Watch for motorcycles! The effects of texting and handheld bans on motorcyclist fatalities

Abstract Motorcyclists account for a much higher proportion of traffic fatalities relative to the share of motorcycles among all motor vehicles and vehicle miles driven in the U.S. In this paper, we posit that motorcyclists may be particularly vulnerable to the risks of distracted driving by others. Specifically, we examine whether state-specific texting/handheld bans significantly influence motorcyclist fatalities in the U.S. We use state-specific traffic fatality data in the U.S. (2005–2015, N = 550) from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) merged with state-specific characteristics, texting/handheld device laws, and other traffic policies. Although research is mixed on the effectiveness of texting/handheld bans for overall traffic fatalities, our findings indicate that motorcyclists are at elevated risk of being a victim of distracted driving and thus could greatly benefit from these policies. This result is driven mainly by multiple-vehicle crashes (e.g., car hitting motorcycle) as opposed to single-vehicle crashes. Policy makers should consider strengthening texting/handheld bans along with their enforcement to improve safety and save lives, especially among motorcyclists.
Regional isolation in the right atrium with disruption of intra-atrial conduction after catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia.

Background Ablation of atrial tachycardia (AT) that occurs after cardiac surgery or prior ablation often requires complex lesion sets. In combination with the pre-existing atrial scar, these lesion sets may result in inadvertent intra-atrial conduction block. This study reports the phenomenon of incidental isolation of right atrial (RA) regions that occurs secondary to AT ablation, which in some cases results in profound bradycardia due to sinus exit block. Methods and results Intracardiac electrograms were examined in consecutive patients who underwent AT ablation in the RA. Cases of localized isolation of the RA were defined as areas that developed electrical dissociation during ablation. Of 132 patients having ablation in both the RA free wall and the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI), 10 (7.6%) developed unintentional isolation of the lateral RA. Five of these patients had prior mitral valve surgery, comprising 12.2% of all 41 patients with mitral surgery who underwent ablation in the CTI and the RA free wall. All patients with regional isolation had a pre-existing scar in the lateral wall of the RA. In six patients, isolation of the lateral RA resulted in profound bradycardia due to exit block from the peri-sinus node myocardium. Conclusions Complex ablation lesions in patients with prior valve surgery, prior ablation, or atrial myopathy may result in unintended localized conduction block in the RA. In some cases, isolation of the lateral RA can result in complete sinus exit block with profound bradycardia requiring pacemaker implantation.
Removal and growth of microorganisms across treatment and simulated distribution at a pilot-scale direct potable reuse facility

Multi-barrier advanced treatment trains have been shown to purify wastewater to drinking water standards, but improved methods are needed to better understand microbial concentrations, viability, and growth potential throughout treatment and distribution systems. In this study, bulk water cell counts, adenosine triphosphate concentrations, and assimilable organic carbon were measured throughout a pilot-scale direct potable reuse facility and three parallel chlorinated simulated distribution systems fed with the pilot's finished water. We also investigated the impacts of treatment operations (e.g., membrane cleanings) and perturbations (e.g., incomplete wastewater nitrification) on microbial water quality. Intact cell counts and total adenosine triphosphate concentrations were reduced to near or below method quantification limits (22 cells per mL and 10−4 nM, respectively) by reverse osmosis and advanced oxidation. Total cell counts and assimilable organic carbon concentrations were consistently above method quantification limits (12 cells per mL and 10 μg L−1, respectively) in finished water (i.e., granular activated carbon filtrate). However, assimilable organic carbon levels in finished water were lower than values typically measured in conventional drinking water systems in the United States, and cell counts were dramatically reduced by batch chlorination. Occasional ammonia passage through advanced treatment caused large variations in chlorine demand in finished water, and a strong inverse correlation was observed between cell counts and residual free chlorine in the simulated distribution systems. We show that multi-barrier advanced treatment reliably rejects wastewater-derived bacterial cells, and that the methods applied herein can provide complementary information to traditional monitoring approaches to evaluate microbial water quality throughout treatment and distribution.
From photosynthesis to photocatalysis: Dual catalytic oxidation/reduction in one system.

Natural photosynthetic systems and photocatalysis share several fundamental processes in common including light energy conversion and utilization, such as exciton (excited state) generation/splitting and charge migration. The high efficiency of light conversion to chemical redox equivalents in natural photosynthesis is achieved by an electron transfer cascade resulting in a long-distance hole and electron separation across the membrane (1⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓–9) (Fig. 1). Consequently, the charge geminate recombination is minimized, and the loss is reduced. The machinery of natural photosynthesis enables high-quantum yields of photon to electron/charge conversion efficiency facilitated by a fine-tuned local potential energy gradient by the protein surrounding each chlorophyll or its derivative to ensure unidirectional electron transfer and efficient final charge separation across the membrane (10⇓⇓⇓⇓–15). The holes and electrons separated far away from each other can thus go their separate ways to drive water oxidation and quinone reduction, respectively. Using the functions of metal oxide cluster or multiple reduction equivalents in molecules like quinones, natural photosynthesis succeeds in coupling multiple single-photon events with generation of multiple redox equivalents for catalytic reactions, such as water splitting. Fig. 1. ( Left ) Directional photoinduced electron transfer among bacterial chlorophylls and pheophytins in a sphaerodis bacterial reaction center protein results in charge separation across the membrane (not shown) … [↵][1]1Email: l-chen{at}northwestern.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Chapter 18 – Synthetic Array Radar

Publisher Summary The main aim of this chapter is to reveal the function of the Synthetic Array Radar (SAR). Normally, this radar is used to map ground features and terrain. It is also known in the literature as Synthetic Aperture Radar. Both names make sense, although people use Synthetic Array Radar here. SAR systems can be designed with capabilities to differentiate using dimensions from few centimeters to hundreds of meters, depending on if the purpose is to map out a military installation—an urban area—or the contours of a mountain range. As the elevation angle decreases, the radar beam is directed at a steeper angle to a ground location closer to the flight path of the aircraft, with a shorter range. Further, the different portions of the beam elevation therefore map to different ranges, and the return sequence can be directed into different range bins. The design of the synthetic antenna—just like a real antenna—must take this factor into account. There are methods, similar to windowing in FIR filters that can reduce side lobes.
The Foundational Role of Cardiovascular Imaging in the Characterization of Mental Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Mental stress–provoked myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is an ischemic phenomenon provoked by the experience of psychologically stressful circumstances. While MSIMI was initially identified 50 years ago during activities of daily living through the use of wearable Holter monitor, subsequent research utilized the technologies of cardiac imaging—ventriculography and myocardial perfusion—under controlled conditions to pursue an understanding of pathophysiology and prognosis. This work revealed that MSIMI occurs in almost half of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and is associated with cardiac events and early mortality. We provide a focused review of the instrumental role that cardiac imaging has played in elucidating how stress affects cardiac physiology and how emerging diagnostic techniques will allow for further research on stress-mediated changes in the coronary macro- and microvasculature. Observations about the cardiac response to mental stress diverge from underlying cornerstones of the traditional CAD paradigm which is based upon myocardial oxygen demand and the degree of epicardial coronary stenosis. Evidence from studies utilizing non-invasive and invasive studies of coronary perfusion indicates perturbations in the microvascular compartment in response to mental stress. Cardiovascular imaging enjoined with mental stress provocation may be a commanding tool to advance our understanding of non-obstructive CAD and the coronary microvasculature. This further understanding will facilitate incorporation of mental stress testing in the clinical care of patients with discrepant diagnostic work-up of CAD and in patients who experience anginal symptoms due to non-exertional and/or emotional triggers. Such algorithms will be crucial to identify treatment targets to modify the risk associated with mental stress–associated ischemia and adverse prognosis.
The gender gap and healthcare: associations between gender roles and factors affecting healthcare access in Central Malawi, June-August 2017.

Women in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) do not have equal access to resources, such as education, employment, or healthcare compared to men. We sought to explore health disparities and associations between gender prioritization, sociocultural factors, and household decision-making in Central Malawi. From June–August 2017, a cross-sectional study with 200 participants was conducted in Central Malawi. We evaluated respondents’ access to care, prioritization within households, decision-making power, and gender equity which was measured using the Gender-Equitable Men (GEM) scale. Relationships between these outcomes and sociodemographic factors were analyzed using multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression. We found that women were less likely than men to secure community-sourced healthcare financial aid (68.6% vs. 88.8%, p < 0.001) and more likely to underutilize necessary healthcare (37.2% vs. 22.4%, p = 0.02). Both men and women revealed low GEM scores, indicating adherence to traditional gender norms, though women were significantly less equitable (W:16.77 vs. M:17.65, p = 0.03). Being a woman (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21–0.78) and prioritizing a woman as a decision-maker for large purchases (OR 0.38, CI 0.15–0.93) were independently associated with a lower likelihood of prioritizing women for medical treatment and being a member of the Chewa tribal group (OR 3.87, CI 1.83–8.18) and prioritizing women for education (OR 4.13, CI 2.13–8.01) was associated with a higher odds. Women report greater barriers to healthcare and adhere to more traditional gender roles than men in this Central Malawian population. Women contribute to their own gender’s barriers to care and economic empowerment alone is not enough to correct for these socially constructed roles. We found that education and matriarchal societies may protect against gender disparities. Overall, internal and external gender discrimination contribute to a woman’s disproportionate lack of access to care.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia presenting as a recurrent epistaxis in an adolescent: A case report

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia presenting as a recurrent epistaxis in an adolescent: A case report