cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of thermal cross-slip stress in magnesium alloys from a geometric interaction model

Abstract We develop a geometry-based model from first-principles data for the interaction of solutes with a prismatic screw dislocation core, and predict the thermally activated cross-slip stress above room temperature in Mg alloys. Electronic structure methods provide data for the change in prismatic stacking fault energy for different possible fault configurations for 29 different solutes. The direct solute–dislocation interaction energies for solutes that produce stable prismatic screw dislocation cores (K, Na, Sc and Ca) is correlated with stacking fault misfits. This geometric interaction model produces similar prediction errors for all 29 solutes. The model predicts alloys with cross-slip stresses lower than pure Mg for three previously considered solutes (K, Na and Sc) and three new solutes (Ca, Y and Zr). The model also qualitatively confirms the experimental observation that Mg–Li alloys have lower cross-slip stress than pure Mg. In particular, low concentrations of Y are predicted to significantly decrease the cross-slip stress in Mg.
The impact of toxaphene applied as a post-emergence herbicide for control of sicklepod, Cassia obtusifolia L., on arthropods associated with soybean

Abstract The impact on arthropod populations of toxaphene (camphechlor) used as a herbicide was compared with cultivation and pre-emergence herbicide usage for control of sicklepod, Cassia obtusifolia L., in soybean. Soybean yields and weed control were also evaluated. Pest resurgence due to toxaphene was found to be limited, but significantly more soybean plants had main stems girdled due to the threecornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), than those plants where toxaphene had not been applied. Both toxaphene usage and cultivation reduced early season predator abundance significantly compared with soybean where weeds were not controlled. However, the greater abundance of predators in soybeans with weeds appeared to be attributable to the increase in habitat diversity provided by the weeds and soybeans and not to a reduction in predator numbers caused by toxaphene in the treated plots. Neither soybean yields, nor the degree of sicklepod control, differed significantly between toxaphene usage and cultivation. Permethrin usage significantly reduced both pest and predator abundance in soybean.
Dynamic behaviour of hydrogen fuel cells for automotive application

Abstract An experimental analysis was conducted on a 30 kW fuel cell power train with the aim to elucidate specific concerns of dynamic behaviour of hydrogen fuel cells in automotive applications. The study was conducted on a dynamic test bench able to simulate the behaviour of the reference vehicle, a minibus for historical centres collective service, on predefined driving cycle. The transient performance of the fuel cell system was firstly investigated without electric drive, using as load electric resistances electronically controlled. Experimental data were collected during warmup phases characterized by two acceleration slopes (150 W/s and 1500 W/s) and during a sequence of dynamic test cycles characterized by a very high acceleration slope of about 6 kW/s. The role of reactant feeding, humidification and cooling systems was investigated during all tests evaluating the performance during the transient steps in terms of cell voltage uniformity, expressed by the coefficient of variation Cv, used as statistical indicator. A driving cycle characterized by stop-and-go pattern and acceleration slopes compatible with a real utilization of the reference vehicle was finally adopted for tests on the overall power train. The results demonstrated a very good dynamic performance of the fuel cell stack as evidenced by the analysis of Cv, which resulted lower than 2.5% in all investigated working conditions, and by the overall power train efficiency which resulted about 30% with fuel cell system efficiency close to 50%.
On Rims and Ridges: The Los Alamos Area Since 1880

'A fine environmental history...Known more for its role in the development of the atomic bomb than for its natural resources, the Los Alamos area characterizes the struggle between institutions and environmental values common throughout the American West...Rothman interweaves human and natural history in a well-written narrative, personally and lovingly told' - "Environmental History Review". 'A thoroughly researched, well-written case study of a beautiful, yet fragile region' - "Western Historical Quarterly". 'A history book written so beautifully that it is a delight to read' - "New Mexico Historical Review". 'This is a useful study because it examines a wide variety of issues, from economic change to the role of the federal government and to environmental topics, that are important in the history of the American West' - "American Historical Review".'This historical account of changes in land use on the Pajarito Plateau of northern New Mexico offers a wealth of insights into the development of western communities...Highly recommended' - "Library Journal". New Mexico's Pajarito Plateau encompasses the Bandelier National Monument and the atomic city of Los Alamos. "On Rims and Ridges" throws into stark relief what happens when native cultures and Euro-American commercial interests interact in such a remote area with limited resources. The demands of citizens and institutions have created a form of environmental gridlock more often associated with Manhattan Island than with the semiurban West, writes Hal K. Rothman. A professor of history at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and the author of "Preserving Different Pasts: The American National Monuments", he has provided a new epilogue for this paperback edition.
Pseudopotentials of Estabrook and Wahlquist, the Geometry of Solitons, and the Theory of Connections

The prolongation structure of Wahlquist and Estabrook is interpreted as a connection. In this way, some geometric insight might be provided for the description of those nonlinear partial differential equations which admit soliton solutions. A new geometric property - linked to the existence of an SL(2,R) connection - is proved for the solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries equation.
Mesoscale dynamics and cooperativity of networking dendronized nonlinear optical molecular glasses

First, molecular scale insight into the mobility of a novel class of organic materials for photonic applications with electro-optical activities larger than 300 pm/V is presented. A representative second order nonlinear optical (NLO) material of this class of self-assembling molecular glasses involving quadrupolar phenyl-perfluorophenyl (Ph-PhF) interactions is analyzed based on its molecular relaxation phenomena and phase behavior. Thereby, a new and straightforward nanoscale methodology, involving shear modulation force microscopy and intrinsic friction analysis is introduced. It provides both the submolecular enthalpic and entropic dynamics in nanoconstrained systems (e.g., ultrathin films), and thus, insight into local motion of single molecules due to dissociation of Ph-PhF pairs as well as the cooperative dynamics of the assembled network. This nanoscale model-independent thermomechanical methodology is shown to be very effective in fundamentally evaluating appropriate poling conditions of organic NLO materials. It promises to be a straightforward analysis tool to guide organic material synthesis from a molecular mobility perspective, particularly for applications that impose nanoscale constraints on the system.
An alternative approach to the Battelle ‘Screening Criterion’ for pipes with through-wall cracks

The Battelle ‘Screening Criterion’ is described, it being a way of ascertaining the validity of the limit moment, M∗lim, as a lower bound for the experimental maximum value of the bending moment of a pipe with a through-wall crack (for instance in a four-point bending experiment). Therefore meeting this criterion allows the conservative application of net-section-collapse analysis. The Battelle Screening Criterion is found to be more difficult to meet if the J-integral value at initiation, Ji, is low; if the pipe mean radius, R, is high (that was expected); but also if the crack angle, 2α, is low; this last aspect is believed to be questionable. J-Estimation schemes such as GE/EPRI or R6 may be used to derive alternative criteria. When applied to an elastic/perfectly plastic material, both these procedures lead to a new screening criterion which, while similar to the Battelle expression, exhibits an inverse dependence on α. Data used by Battelle to validate its criterion can equally justify the alternative expression. Moreover, the physical meaning of the new criterion is simple: it simply states that, in order for M at initiation to reach Mlim, J must not exceed Ji for a smaller value of the applied moment. Although this new criterion seems promising, additional validation studies ought to be conducted.
Inheritance of a Broad-Based Form of Root-Knot Nematode Resistance in Cowpea

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are serious pests of cow-pea [Vigna anguiculata (L.) Walp.] and many other crops worldwide. Host plant resistance is the primary means for managing root-knot nematodes in cowpea, yet few resistance genes have been identified and their effectiveness can vary depending on the specific nematode isolate. Therefore, there is a need to describe new genes that confer a high level of resistance to a broad spectrum of these pests. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of resistance to M. incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood in a blackeye-type cowpea line H8-8R that is expressed at a higher level than the resistance conferred by gene Rk in current cultivars CB46 and CB88. F 1 , F 2 , and F 2 -derived F 3 families from crosses between H8-8R and CB88 or CB46 were screened for reaction to Rk-avirulent and Rk-virulent M. incognita and Rk-aggressive M. javanica isolates in growth-pouch and pot tests. Nematode egg numbers and egg-mass production on roots gave segregation patterns in all tests that were consistent with the model that the additional resistance in H8-8R is conferred by a single recessive gene. The data indicated this recessive gene is independent of gene Rk, confers partial resistance when expressed alone, and has an additive effect of increasing resistance in the presence of gene Rk. Line TVu4552 in the pedigree of H8-8R was identified as the probable donor parent of the recessive gene, for which we propose the gene symbol rk3.
HOSPITAL READY-PREPARED TYPE FOODSERVICE SYSTEM: TIME AND TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS, SENSORY AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SCRAMBLED EGGS

Time and temperature conditions and sensory and microbiological quality of scrambled eggs were examined (3 trials of study) at various phases of product flow in a hospital, “ready prepared” type, foodservice to assess food quality as related to the system of operation. Average time from cooking to reheating for service was 26.3 hr. Mean internal temperatures were 10.6°C after 10 hr refrigerator storage, 11.8°C at the beginning of assembly, 13.8°C after transportation for storage, and 5.2°C after 15 hr of additional storage. After reheating eggs in microwave ovens, internal temperatures ranged from 35-92°C and averaged 67.1°C. Overall mean scores for sensory characteristics evaluated ranged from 6.9-8.1 (Y-point scale). Total plate counts indicated that microbial quality of eggs was good both before and after cooking, but a variety of microorganisms was associated with the product. In uncooked eggs, these included Bacillus sp., Clostridium sporogenes, micrococci, including Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus sp., and Alcaligenes sp. At heating for service, eggs contained small numbers of Bacillus sp., Clostridium sporogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Low microbial counts within this system may be attributed to use of a pasteurized raw product and limited contamination, since time and temperature conditions were favorable for microbial growth.
Pseudo-CSA restraints for NMR refinement of nucleic acid structure

Upon alignment of oligonucleotides in a magnetic field, the downfield TROSY component of the 13C−{1H} doublet changes its resonance frequency as a result of residual 13C−1H dipolar coupling (RDC) and residual 13C chemical shift anisotropy (RCSA), and the sum of these two second rank tensors is referred to as the pseudo-CSA. The experimentally measured difference in the resonance frequency of the 13C TROSY component in the aligned and isotropic samples is referred to as residual pseudo-CSA (RPCSA), and it can be used directly as a restraint during structure calculation. Because measurement of the RPCSA involves detection of the narrow TROSY 13C doublet component, it is applicable to systems with larger rotational correlation times than RDC measurement. The method is demonstrated for structure refinement of the helical region of a 24-nt stem-loop segment or ribosomal helix-35, uniformly enriched in 13C and 15N, with RPCSA values measured at 5 and 25 °C. Substantial cross-validated improvements in structural...
Pious Muslims in the Making: A Closer Look at Narratives of Ascetic Conversion

This article examines conversion narratives of some Sufi ascetics by looking closely at their life-stories as expounded in Sufi biographical traditions. How is the ascetic conversion told in the Sufi biographical sources? What kind of purpose do the ascetic conversion narratives serve? In what sense can we see the ascetic practices as an intentional language of protest and opposition? and against whom/what? These questions form the major concern of this article. Different narratives of ascetic conversion will be discussed with the intention of demonstrating the larger context of setting the boundaries of an Islamic piety within which the portrait of idealized pious Muslims is framed in the main traditions of Sufi hagiography. It is, therefore, hoped that this article will shed light on the transformation of individuals from ordinary people to idealized pious Muslims.
Effects of age and walking speed on coactivation and cost of walking in healthy adults.

Our goal was to determine how age and walking speed affect metabolic cost of walking (Cw), lower, extremity antagonist coactivation, and relationships between coactivation and Cw in healthy, active, individuals. Fourteen young (25 ± 3 years) and 14 older (71 ± 4 years) participants walked on a treadmill at, four speeds (0.89, 1.12, 1.34, and 1.57 m s−1) while electromyography (EMG) and oxygen consumption, were measured. Coactivation indices were calculated for musculature about the thigh and shank. Cw, was higher in older adults across all speeds (p < 0.001). Coactivation about the thigh was also higher in, older adults (p < 0.001), whereas coactivation about the shank was not different between age groups (p = 0.60). Total coactivation (thigh coactivation plus shank coactivation) showed significant positive, relationships to Cw at all walking speeds (r = 0.46–0.57). Higher Cw and coactivation in older adults, along with the positive relationship between Cw and coactivation implies coactivation contributes to, higher Cw of older adults.
A Study of Hypnotically Induced Complexes by Means of the Luria Technique

Resume Pour tester la methode de Luria d'associer les reponses volontaires et verbales dans le but de decouvrir des conflits affectifs, on a repete l'une de ses experiences. On a fait l'essai de produire des complexes chez douze sujets pendant l'hypnose et on les a examines avant, pendant, et apres la production du complexe. On a etudie les reponses verbales, volontaires, involontaires et respiratoires, et les temps de reaction verbale. Il y a eu des temoignages que neuf sujets ont accepte le complexe comme quelque chose qu'ils ont fait et qu'il a produit une reaction chez eux. Chez six d'entre les neuf quelque aspect moteur de la technique a revele la presence du conflit. Dans l'etat hypnotique ces sujets ont tendu a donner des reponses verbales relatives au conflit avec relativement peu de desordres moteurs, mais dans l'etat de reveil l'importance relative des desordres moteurs est devenue plus grande. On suggere l'hypothese qu'il peut etre des “niveaux de decharge” de sorte que, si l'excitation creee p...
CHOP-International: an open access nutrition education tool for physicians, resident doctors, and medical and public health students

Dietary diseases drive some of this century’s most pressing and costly global public health challenges, ranging from malnutrition-related infectious diseases such as HIV infection to overfeeding and linked chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. We seek to create clinically meaningful and cost-effective education tools to help treat such conditions in a manner that is both population specific and evidence based. Tulane University School of Medicine’s Goldring Center for Culinary Medicine (GCCM), a medical school-based teaching kitchen and research laboratory, utilized its novel collaboration of clinicians, registered dieticians, chefs, and culinary and medical students to create an open source international nutrition education resource comprised of region-specific recipes based upon the World Health Organization’s Nutrient Intake Goals. Using staple ingredients from three sample Millennium Development Goals regions, GCCM has developed sample recipes from three continents for proof-of-principle testing. The recipes include nutrition facts, interchangeable and optional ingredients, and salient nutrition education discussion points for students and medical professionals to use with a variety of patient conditions. Community-based participatory testing of the efficacy of this tool will allow for the refinement of the complete tool in the United States, followed by global expansion in coordination with physicians and students from Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine in Kenya, Indonesia, and Colombia.
Aversion therapy issues: A note of clarification

A brief reply to Berecz's (1973) note on aversion therapy is presented.Several key arguments are evaluated and alternative views are proposed. It is suggested that rapid smoking is not contraindicated by punishment theory, that Berecz's discussion of aversion therapy overemphasizes the punishment paradigm, and that Wilson and Divison's (1969) argument in favor of the topographical similarity between target response and aversive stimulus requires consideration. That research must include independent assessment of aversive stimuli is acknowledged, but the citations Berecz provides to illustrate this point are found to be inappropriate. Finally, the clinical utility of parametric studies on the psychophysiological nature of aversiveness is questioned.
Encouraging Efficiency, Rewarding Quality: Lessons for School Choice Policy and Practice

There is strong evidence that the fiscal position of states moving forward will require K–12 schooling to become less expensive. States are projected to see spikes in pension contributions for public sector workers and increased expenditures related to Medicaid expansion. While these bills are coming due, the country is also projected to change demographically, increasing the number of dependents (the old and the young) relative to the number of workers contributing taxes into the system (Vincent & Velkoff, 2010). Taxpayer-supported private school choice programs offer a powerful mechanism to create more efficient educational options. This article offers lessons from the private sector that schools of choice and designers of choice programs could leverage to improve the efficiency of the American K–12 education system.
Data Base Management for a Recombinant DNA Bank

This paper outlines a system for data base management of a recombinant DNA bank that achieves three goals. First, it establishes a unique definition for each genetic element cloned in the laboratory; second, it documents precisely the construction of each hybrid molecule; and third, it establishes computerized data files that allow for retrieval of information by one or multiple parameters. Programs have been written in SAS. The first program produces a report that lists all recombinant molecules in the data base and their ordered genetic components, sorted by element names. The second program produces a report comprised of complete information for each recombinant molecule in the data base. A final program provides the capacity to rapidly select, at the terminal, molecules that satisfy user-specified criteria. Use of the system requires no previous programming experience, and is therefore easily and readily accessible to all members of a laboratory. The programs can be easily modified to suit the needs of different laboratories.
The pathophysiology of hypertension in patients with obesity

The combination of obesity and hypertension is associated with high morbidity and mortality because it leads to cardiovascular and kidney disease. Potential mechanisms linking obesity to hypertension include dietary factors, metabolic, endothelial and vascular dysfunction, neuroendocrine imbalances, sodium retention, glomerular hyperfiltration, proteinuria, and maladaptive immune and inflammatory responses. Visceral adipose tissue also becomes resistant to insulin and leptin and is the site of altered secretion of molecules and hormones such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, TNF and IL-6, which exacerbate obesity-associated cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence also suggests that the gut microbiome is important for modulating these mechanisms. Uric acid and altered incretin or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity further contribute to the development of hypertension in obesity. The pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension is especially relevant to premenopausal women with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus who are at high risk of developing arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. In this Review we discuss the relationship between obesity and hypertension with special emphasis on potential mechanisms and therapeutic targeting that might be used in a clinical setting.
INCOMPLETENESS OF REPRESENTATION THEORY : HIDDEN SYMMETRIES AND QUANTUM NONINTEGRABILITY

Representation theory is shown to be incomplete in terms of enumerating all integrable limits of quantum systems. As a consequence, one can find exactly solvable Hamiltonians which have {ital apparently} strongly broken symmetry. The number of these hidden symmetries depends upon the realization of the Hamiltonian. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Phase-shifter edge effects on attenuated phase-shifting mask image quality

Abstract Edge effects of space, line, and linespace patterns in attenuated phase-shifting masks are studied using experimentally measured aerial images from the IBM AIMS tool, the scalar and thin mask approximations in SPLAT,and the rigorous electromagnetic simulator 1'EMPEST. A pure phase error of as large as is shown by SPLATsimulations to be insignificant for in-focus printing. However, the difference in the glass edge length associated withsuch phase errors in a physical mask causes the peak intensity to decrease by 10% as the phase changes from 155° to205° for an isolated space feature. SPLAT simulation in such cases predicts a peak intensity which is 23% higher than that predicted by TEMPEST. The difference is the largest for patterns consisting of deeper glass trenches. The inadequacy of the thin mask approximation cannot be anticipated from comparisons of in-focus images of isolated linefeatures as the experimentally measured image and the predictions from SPLAT and TEMPEST agree well. However,the scalar and thin mask approximations are not suitable for out of focus image prediction for all pattern types becausethe presence of the glass edges causes a focus shift of about 0. 1 rim. Printing small isolated spaces and dense linespacepatterns is more robust than isolated lines in the attenuated PSM technology. This is because the depth-of-focus of thespace and linespace patterns are similar at about 1 p.m with a 15% exposure latitude; but the DOF of a line pattern ismuch worse at 0.52 pm.
Regular black holes and topology change

The conditions are clarified under which regular (i.e., singularity-free) black holes can exist. It is shown that in a large class of spacetimes that satisfy the weak energy condition the existence of a regular black hole requires topology change.
Spatial Ability and its Role in Organic Chemistry: A Study of Four Organic Courses.

The relationship between spatial ability and performance in organic chemistry was studied in four organic chemistry courses designed for students with a variety of majors including agriculture, biology, health sciences, premed, pre-vet, pharmacy, medicinal chemistry, chemistry, and chemical engineering. Students with high spatial scores did significantly better on questions which required problem solving skills, such as completing a reaction or outlining a multi-step synthesis, and questions which required students to mentally manipulate two-dimensional representations of a molecule. Spatial ability was not significant, however, for questions which could be answered by rote memory or by the application of simple algorithms. Students who drew preliminary figures or extra figures when answering questions were more likely to get the correct answer. High spatial ability students were more likely to draw preliminary figures, even for questions that did not explicitly require these drawings. When questions required preliminary or extra figures, low spatial ability students were more likely to draw figures that were incorrect. Low spatial ability students were also more likely to draw structures that were lopsided, ill-proportioned, and nonsymmetric. The results of this study are interpreted in terms of a model which argues that high spatial ability students are better at the early stages of problem solving described as “understanding” the problem. A model is also discussed which explains why students who draw preliminary or extra figures for questions are more likely to get correct answers.
Teleconsultation via a wide area network in real time and by electronic mail

A teleradiology system is severely limited in bandwidth compared to a departmental PACS. Therefore it must depend on innovative tools to allow efficient communication between the subspecialty radiologist and the referring physician at a remote site. Real time teleconsultation allows two parties to converse while viewing identical images and performing same image processing functions on them. By using an efficient protocol, the framing information for synchronizing the cursor, image layout and image processing functions can be transmitted with subsecond delay over a narrow bandwidth wide area network. For situations involving large time zone differences, an asynchronous communication using electronic mail may be appropriate. In this case, the synchronization of cursor motion and voice is preserved by the time-stamps in electronic mail messages. Multimedia capabilities including digitized voice, report formatting and electronic mailing must be integrated into a single application software that is easy to use by radiologists participating in the consultation session. Real time interaction can be implemented easily using standard modem connections. The protocol ensures that only key information for synchronization is sent to the other station in order to achieve the high speed required. Electronic mail and report formatting capabilities are integrated by using off-the-shelf multimedia software libraries. The system we are developing is on the Windows NT environment using Microsoft Foundation Classes. The same idea is applicable to the UNIX system as well. This paper shows that the real time and asynchronous teleconsultation can be achieved using standard computer hardware, software, and software development tools.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
High-temperature properties of particle-strengthened W-Re

In recent years there has been renewed interest in the development of tungsten alloys for space power and advanced aerospace propulsion systems. Tungsten alloys have great potential for ultrahigh-temperature applications because of their thermal capabilities and exceptional high-temperature mechanical properties. Recent investigations of second-phase particle-strengthened W-Re alloys show that fine HfC and ThO2 particles significantly improve the high-temperature tensile and creep properties of tungsten alloys. The superior high-temperature strengths of these alloys above 2,000K are attributed to the strong interaction between these second-phase particles and dislocations as well as excellent stability of these particles.
Theoretical study of the dynamic tensile test

A numerical investigation of the tensile test using a finite-difference, one-dimensional elasto-viscoplastic code is presented. The influence of strain rate, strain rate sensitivity, and inertia on the development of the axial particle velocity, stress, strain, and strain rate profiles in pure copper is studied. The initial stages of post-uniform deformation and the stabilizing influence of inertia and strain rate sensitivity in this regime are demonstrated. Both inertia and strain rate sensitivity are shown to decrease the rate of unloading of the uniform region of a tensile specimen past the point of instability given by the maximum load criterion. A comparison of numerically predicted and experimentally determined values of the post-uniform elongation is shown.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POLYARTERITIS AND AUSTRALIA ANTIGEN

Abstract Four of eleven patients with biopsyproven polyarteritis nodosa were also found to have Australia (Au) antigenaemia. The four Au-antigen-positive patients exhibited a typical polyarteritis syndrome, but differed from the seven antigen-negative patients in that they also had evidence of mild hepatic damage. The presence of circulating immune complexes in the sera of three of the four Au-antigen-positive patients was demonstrated by serological, ultracentrifugal, and electro-microscopic studies. These complexes were further shown to be composed of Au antigen and immunoglobulin. Immunofluorescent studies of tissue from one of the patients revealed deposition of Au antigen, IgM, and β 1 C in blood-vessel walls.
Three-dimensional wall-bounded laminar boundary layer with span-wise cross free stream and moving boundary

In the current work, the 3D boundary layers of wall-bounded flow configurations were extended to the situations with span-wise cross moving boundary and free stream. The unsteady boundary layer is also addressed for the Falkner-Skan wedge flow with a span-wise oscillating wall or oscillating free stream. The span-wise secondary boundary layer equation is obtained using similarity transformation technique and solved analytically in terms of the primary stream-wise boundary layer flow solutions. Different fluid motion behaviors are found for these new solutions. It is found that for the span-wise secondary boundary layer flow there is no flow separation for any wall cross moving velocity, which is different from the primary stream-wise boundary layers with a reverse flow. For the unsteady boundary layer with an oscillating wall or free stream, it is seen that the solution is different from the Stokes oscillating plate or free stream problem. The unsteady wall drag increases with the increase in the oscillating frequency and decreases with increasing the primary span-wise free stream magnitude. The velocity overshooting near the wall is also seen for an oscillating free stream for a large oscillating frequency or a lower primary stream-wise free stream magnitude.
Efficient and scalable on-demand data streaming using UEP codes

In this paper, we propose and analyze a new multicast scheme for delivering on-demand streaming data using UEP UnEqual Protection codes. The scheme allows an end user to join the multicast channel for adata stream at ,any time to play out the requested data stream from its beginning after a fixed amount of initial delay time. Resource usage of the scheme, including server computing bandwidth,network bandwidth and client's buffer space, is only determined by the original data stream length and the initial playout delay, butindependent of either the number or the arrival pattern of individual end user requests. Thus the scheme is totally scalable with the number of end users, fully utilizing the data delivery efficiency of a multicast network.The scheme also use resources efficiently, e.g., with an initial delay of 30 and 60 seconds respectively, multicasting a 2-hour video using this scheme needs respectively about 5.5 and 4.8 times server computing bandwidth and network bandwidth of that for a single unicast delivery of the same original data stream.In addition, the scheme also tolerates packet loss transmission, thus significantly reduces the cost of implementing a reliable multicast network layer to ensure delivery of all packets.
Integrated predicated and speculative execution in the IMPACT EPIC architecture

Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC) architectures require the compiler to express program instruction level parallelism directly to the hardware. EPIC techniques which enable the compiler to represent control speculation, data dependence speculation, and predication have individually been shown to be very effective. However, these techniques have not been studied in combination with each other. This paper presents the IMPACT EPIC Architecture to address the issues involved in designing processors based on these EPIC concepts. In particular, we focus on new execution and recovery models in which microarchitectural support for predicated execution is also used to enable efficient recovery from exceptions caused by speculatively executed instructions. This paper demonstrates that a coherent framework to integrate the three techniques can be elegantly designed to achieve much better performance than each individual technique could alone provide.
Effects of extracellular potassium accumulation and sodium pump activation on automatic canine Purkinje fibres.

1. Double barrel potassium-sensitive micro-electrodes were used to measure fluctuations in extracellular potassium ion concentration in large automatic canine Purkinje fibres. 2. Slow accumulations of potassium were seen in the extracellular space during prolonged beating. Following cessation of prolonged beating, a depletion of extracellular potassium ions was noted. 3. The time course of these slow changes in extracellular potassium concentration were shown to be a function of the diffusion properties of the preparation, and the rate and degree of activation of the sodium pump. 4. Action potential duration and maximum diastolic potential were simultaneously monitored during and after these periods of rapid stimulation, using conventional intracellular micro-electrodes. 5. Initial depolarization and later hyperpolarization of the maximum diastolic potential appeared to occur as a direct result of changes in extracellular potassium concentration and level of pump activation induced by the sudden and prolonged alteration in stimulus rate. 6. Following prolonged stimulation, dramatic changes in the automatic beating rate were correlated with changes in extracellular potassium and pump rate, and their effects on the maximum diastolic potential and other parameters of the diastolic potential depolarization. 7. For some locations of the potassium-sensitive electrode tip, large fluctuations in extracellular potassium were seen during single beats. Alterations in action potential duration during abrupt rate changes appear to derive in part from modulation by these extracellular potassium concentration fluctuations altering net membrane currents. Slower shifts in action potential duration appear correlated to the degree of sodium pump activation.
Pauli-limited superconductivity with classical magnetic fluctuations

We examine the effect of classical magnetic fluctuations on the phase diagram of paramagnetically-limited two-dimensional superconductors under a Zeeman magnetic field. We derive the free energy expansion in powers of the superconducting order parameter and analyze the character of the normal-superconducting transition. While the transition is of the second order for all temperatures in the absence of magnetic fluctuations, we find that proximity to magnetism drives both the transition into the uniform state and that into the modulated Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state to first order at intermediate temperatures. We compute the thermodynamic signatures of the normal-superconducting transition along the upper critical field.
Intrarenal Hemodynamics in Nonfiltering, Filtering, and Compensated Kidneys

AbstractRenal blood flow and intrarenal blood flow distribution were studied in nine nonfiltering and contralateral compensated kidneys and in seven control filtering kidneys. Unilateral ureteral ligation coupled with a 2-hr renal ischemia 4 days prior to the experiment induced the kidney to be nonfiltering and resulted in a marked decrease in renal blood flow (59.2 ± 35.1 ml/min vs 124.7 ± 12.9 ml/min in control, P < 0.05). In contrast, the contralateral kidney demonstrated a compensatory increase in renal blood flow (48%) equal to the reduction in flow to the impaired kidney (52%). Regional blood flows to the four cortical zones were commensurate with the rise in total flow in that they increased markedly in all zones of contralateral kidneys. In nonfiltering kidneys, the decrease in total flow was due to a proportional fall in regional blood flows of zones I, II, and III. Blood flow in zone IV also decreased but not to the extent seen in the other zones. Thus, it may be concluded that the large changes...
Prophylactic cranial irradiation: current controversies

Abstract Brain metastases are a major clinical problem during and after treatment of small cell lung cancer. Elective or prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is effective in reducing the frequency of clinically detected tumor in the brain. Its benefits appear confined to patients who have a complete response to chemotherapy (with or without chest irradiation), and there is no evidence of improved survival. Because PCI is thought to contribute to neuropsychologic and brain imaging abnormalities in long-term survivors, its use is controversial. Ongoing or planned randomized trials in completely responding patients should delineate the extent of the neuropsychologic consequences of PCI and whether or not it produces a small survival advantage.
Large-scale book digitization in historical context: outlines of a comparison

An ongoing research project is introduced, comparing current large-scale digitization initiatives to early American public libraries as efforts to democratize access to information. Selected parallels and contrasts between these two phenomena are outlined, and a plan for further research -- a comparative case study analysis of two exemplars on each side of the comparison, informed by structuration and sociotechnical systems theory -- is described.
Multimath: numeric keypads for math learning on shared personal computers

Past research has shown the benefits of increased engagement and collaboration for learning using multiple inputs for children sharing computers. Taking the work forth beyond clicks, we demonstrate the use of inexpensive numeric keypads as multiple input devices in shared computing scenarios, as many have argued are well-suited to the developing world, and show its utility in mathematical learning for young children.
Non-linear axisymmetric deformation of edge loaded shells of revolution

Abstract A multiple scale perturbation technique is used with a two parameter expansion to find an asymptotic solution of Reissner's finite deformation equations for edge loaded shells of revolution. Beyond the assumptions of Reissner's differential equations, it is assumed that (1) the rotations of meridian elements are finite but not excessively large, (2) the edge loading is symmetric and non-axial, (3) the geometric variations in the differential equations are of order one, (4) the loaded edge of the shell is well removed from the axis of revolution and (5) the boundary layer behavior to a first approximation is of the linear bending type. An asymptotic solution is then found which is uniformly valid in that it contains boundary layer effects and corrections for extending the analysis into the shell's interior. Upon considering certain limits, it is observed that the solution contains well established linear and non-linear approximations of the solution.
Need for social approval: Impression management or self-deception?

Abstract A bogus pipeline technique was employed to separate the self- and other-deceptive components in social desirability responding and need for social approval. The self- and the other-deceptive components of social desirability responding were found to be independent of each other but to be positively and independently related to individual differences in need for approval score. Self-deceptive persons demonstrated diminished recall while other-deceptive persons exhibited enhanced recall of negatively evaluative characteristics. Such differential association with repressive and sensitizing defensive styles is discussed within the context of defensive denial and impression management conception of approval motivation.
Improved Inversion of Scanning DMA Data

Recovery of aerosol size distributions from either stepping or scanning mode differential mobility analyzer (DMA) measurements requires an accurate description of the characteristics of the DMA itself, as well as certain properties of the aerosol. Inversion of scanning DMA data is further complicated by the nonunique relationship between the time a particle exits the DMA and the time it is ultimately detected. Without an accurate description of this relationship, and an appropriate method of accounting for it, inverted distributions will be broadened and skewed relative to the true distribution. A simplified approach to inversion of scanning DMA data is described here in which adjustment of the raw data to account for the delay time distribution associated with the instrument is accomplished prior to final inversion. This provides the flexibility to utilize more accurate descriptions of the delay time distribution and the DMA transfer function than is feasible if the inversion is to be accomplished in one step as described by Russell et al. (1995). The accuracy of this procedure has been demonstrated through analysis of actual as well as test-case data.
Wants and Metawants: Marshall's Concern for Higher Values

Although Alfred Marshall is usually considered as a materialist concerned with the abstract theory of supply and demand, his Principles of Economics and other writings are filled with personal, ethical, and social observations that mark him as an important social scientist concerned with the “higher values” that are the true end goal of human beings. Like Abraham Maslow, he builds a hierarchy of wants from the biological needs, through health and education, friendship and affection, esteem and distinction, excellence and self‐mastery, and on to morality and religion. He seems to condemn the me‐too‐ism of the present day and looks to an ideal future world of perfect virtue in which competition and private property would be out of place.
Experiment and Simulation Reveal the Bending Properties of Nanoscopic Lipid Domains

There has great interest in studying the mechanisms that support nanoscopic lipid domain size using model mixtures. To date, experimental studies have focused in large part on structural parameters such as thickness mismatch between phases, lacking access to mechanical properties in direct, experimental ways. The Neutron Spin Echo technique can directly measure the bending modulus of such bilayers systems by observing shape fluctuations. Furthermore, this method permits us to utilize hydrogen-deuterium contrast matching to make direct observations of the mechanical properties of nanoscopic domains themselves.I will present results detailing for the first time the bending modulus of an individual lipid domain. We have also measured both the structural and mechanical properties of each pure phase compositions of the three component lipid mixture which spontaneously forms these domains. Our results demonstrate that the liquid-ordered phase is more rigid than the liquid disordered phase. Interestingly, the value of the bending modulus in vesicles where these phases coexist as nanoscopic domains approaches that of the liquid ordered-phase, whereas our sample contrast matched so that we only probe the disordered phase in the coexisting system have a bending modulus similar to what is seen in the liquid-disordered only system. We analyze our results with the help of all atom MD simulations which accurately reproduce the structural properties of our system and agree with the trend in mechanical properties that we observe experimentally. These results have implications in determination of important properties such as the line tension which may drive domain size.
VALIDITY OF THE BARKSDALE PERSONAL STRESS EVALUATION

Barksdale (1980) devised a brief, self-repon stress evaluation. To date, however, there are no data to indicate the test's validity. The present study was designed to yield such data from four groups of subjects, selected on the basis of their bresumed stress. The first group, inhabitants of a monastery and a convent (13 nuns, M age = 53.3; 31 monks, M age = 62.5), constituted the low-stress group. The second group of 33 undergraduate students at a small private college (26 women, M age = 19.6; 7 men, M age = 20.4) were tested about one month prior to final examinations (moderate stress). The high-stress group of 20 female ( M age = 20.8) and 5 male (M age = 20.6) tennis players were tested just prior to a regional tournament. The group under extreme stress were 1 8 female ( M age = 31.6) and 8 male ( M age = 33.5) clients from a college counseling center and a private counseling center. The Barksdale evaluation yields scores ranging from 0 (no stress) to 100 (extreme stress), but no cut-off scores are offered. As an. initial analysis of variance yielded no differences between men and women for any of the groups, scores of men and women were combined to increase sample size. Scores were then analyzed in a simple analysis of variance (religious group vs students vs athletes vs clients). The religious groups obtained a mean score of 35.16 (SD = 15.30). The students obtained a mean of 49.12 (SD = 11.66). A mean of 51.36 was obtained for the athletes (SD = 9.03), while the clients obtained a mean of 57.19 (SD = 13.42). The analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between the groups ( F 3 . 1 J I = 15.76, p < ,001). Analysis by Tukey's critical difference test showed the main effect was based on the religious group's mean score being lower than each of the others. The other groups did not differ significantly from each other. It is readily apparent that while the groups' means did differ, the large standard deviations prevented significance. These data lend preliminary support to the validity of the Barksdale Personal Stress Evaluation in that the groups did differ in a predictable direction (albeit only as a trend, as significance was not obtained for most), and that the most obvious choice for a low-stress group (nuns and monks in a convent or monastery) did, in fact, have a low stress score. Certainly, more research is indicated before concluding the Barksdale is a valid instrument in measuring stress, especially in that our subjects were predominantly female.