cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A THEORY OF ANGIOSPERM EVOLUTION

The Cretaceous period, which was transitional from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic era, is well represented by a succession of fossil floras from both hemispheres. These floras record a change from an Early Cretaceous world dominated by typically Jurassic ferns and gymnosperms, to a Middle Cretaceous landscape in which the angiosperms had become characteristic and world wide in distribution. This transformation of vegetation brings us face to face with a major problem: that of early angiosperm evolution. The problem has several facets, which may be viewed in terms of the following questions: (1) What were their ancestors? (2) What is their antiquity? (3) What was the general nature and area of the environment in which they originated ? (4) Did they actually assume dominance with "bewildering suddenness" during the Cretaceous? Despite renewed interest, attested by the observations and inferences of numerous writers during the past few years (e.g., Arnold, 1947; Bailey, 1948; Camp, 1947; Chaney, 1947; Just, 1947, 1948; Mason, 1947, Stebbins, 1950; Suessenguth, 1950; Thomas, 1947; Whitehouse, 1950), these fundamental questions have not been satisfactorily answered. Additional data have been presented, but to judge from the diversity of conclusions which have appeared, the solution might seem no more certain today than when Darwin (1879, pp. 20-22), in writing to Hooker, referred to the problem of early angiosperm evolution as "an abominable mystery." Answers might be found more readily if the ancestral group or groups were known within the gymnosperms, or if, within the record of the angiosperm themselves there were fossils which pointed to these groups. But it is now generally conceded that no known type, fossil or living, can fill this key position. Furthermore, there is almost no fossil evidence by which to evaluate the assumptions of phylogeny which have been based on present morphology. The fossil record does not demonstrate whether the primitive flower was generally of a magnolian type, with spiral arrangement of parts and indefiniteness of number, or whether the simple type of the Amentiferae (oak, willow, alder) comes nearer to the proangiosperms.1 There is no fossil evidence as to whether monocotyledons and dicotyledons are monophyletic or polyphyletic, or whether the dicotyledons may be in part polyphyletic. The record has thrown almost no light on diverse theories regarding relations within the wider (order) or the narrower (family, genera) alliances. The fossil record probably never will throw much light, either on the immediate ancestors of angiosperms or their paths of early evolution. The basic types had already evolved by the time angiosperms appear abundantly in the record and, for reasons which will appear, these early types are lost irretrievably. For the present, therefore, we must look primarily to the systematists and morphologists who, by careful, tedious and time-consuming comparisons, no less than by judicious inferences, are now bringing us nearer an understanding of this complex
Conservative management for transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract most frequently occurs in the elderly population. The advent of new endourologic techniques has enabled resection of these tumors in a less invasive fashion than open surgery. These new procedures afford good results in carefully selected patients.
Health Services Researchers Zero In on Quality, Policy, and Practice in a Changing Health Care System: Report of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Association for Health Services Research

Article-at-a-Glance Background The Association for Health Services Research (AHSR) drew a record attendance of more than 2,100 to its 15th annual meeting, "Health Services Research: Implications for Policy, Delivery, and Practice," in Washington, DC, June 21–23, 1998. The conference offered 113 sessions, identifying policy roundtables and research report and panel sessions according to ten themes, with the "quality" theme on top and the effects of managed care a key concern. Selected presentations are reported. The national agenda The keynote address, "The Public and the Managed Care Backlash," examined managed care in the context of conditions shaping public issues in the United States. The tasks and prospects for the new President's Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry got close attention from expert and Commission-member panelists. Professional ethics, attitudes, and practice under managed care Competing viewpoints were brought to bear on questions about whether physicians are "double agents" under managed care and how managed care, considering its degree of market penetration, is affecting physicians' beliefs and practices. Evidence-based medicine Experts reviewed the evidence about how practice guidelines are faring, what implementation methods work best, and how to overcome remaining barriers to use of evidence-based guidelines. Clinicians reported successful implementation experiences using collaborative benchmarking and practice-based assistance to improve prevention services delivery to children. The quality measures Panelists reported advances in quality measurement methods dealing with hard-to-measure entities, including a new pediatric outcome measure. Three groups reported early implementation experiences with report cards. Revamping, repositioning, and renaming health services research AHSR's president gave researchers specific assignments of questions to answer, called for a commitment to delivering health care quality information to the public, and invited suggestions to rename the discipline.
Adult humans perform better on addition than deletion problems

In Experiments 1 and 2, adult humans were tested on a series of problems which were presented with two-dimensional stimlui. In each problem there were two similar pictures. The pictures contained adults, children, animals, and things. In addition problems an item was added in the second picture; in deletion problems an item was deleted in the second picture. The task was to discover the difference in the pictures. Adult humans solved addition problems significantly more often and faster than deletion problems. In Experiment 3, adult humans were presented with an addition or deletion problem using three-dimensional stimuli. The problem was presented with two versions of a dinner place setting. One version had 15 items, and the other version had 9 items. The task was to try to identify the six added or deleted items. Adult humans found significantly more added than deleted items.
Ifosfamtoe-Induced Fanconi Syndrome:

Objective:To report a case of possible ifosfamide-induced Fanconi syndrome in an adult with cancer.Case Summary:A 20-year-old man was treated for an osteosarcoma with a chemotherapy regimen that included ifosfamide, methotrexate, and doxorubicin. Three months after completing therapy he developed polyuria, polydypsia, and bilateral ankle pain. Laboratory findings showed decreased serum concentrations of phosphorus, uric acid, calcium, potassium, and bicarbonate; elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine; and increased urinary excretion of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, citrate, and protein. The patient was diagnosed with Fanconi syndrome and osteomalacia. Treatment with oral supplements of potassium, sodium, citric acid, calcium, and calcitriol corrected the electrolyte abnormalities.Discussion:The adverse effect most frequently associated with ifosfamide is hemorrhagic cystitis. The incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis is decreased with the concomitant administration of the uroprotective agent mesna. The...
Statistical projection effects in a hydrodynamic pilot-wave system

Millimetric liquid droplets can walk across the surface of a vibrating fluid bath, self-propelled through a resonant interaction with their own guiding or ‘pilot’ wave fields. These walking droplets, or ‘walkers’, exhibit several features previously thought to be peculiar to the microscopic, quantum realm. In particular, walkers confined to circular corrals manifest a wave-like statistical behaviour reminiscent of that of electrons in quantum corrals. Here we demonstrate that localized topological inhomogeneities in an elliptical corral may lead to resonant projection effects in the walker’s statistics similar to those reported in quantum corrals. Specifically, we show that a submerged circular well may drive the walker to excite specific eigenmodes in the bath that result in drastic changes in the particle’s statistical behaviour. The well tends to attract the walker, leading to a local peak in the walker’s position histogram. By placing the well at one of the foci, a mode with maxima near the foci is preferentially excited, leading to a projection effect in the walker’s position histogram towards the empty focus, an effect strongly reminiscent of the quantum mirage. Finally, we demonstrate that the mean pilot-wave field has the same form as the histogram describing the walker’s statistics. Droplets moving on the surface of a vibrating fluid bath mimic the behaviour of electrons in quantum corrals. Introducing submerged features in the bath can even drive the droplets to excite modes that induce effects reminiscent of quantum mirages.
Negative-Feedback Seeking Leads to Depressive Symptom Increases Under Conditions of Stress

An earlier empirical investigation found the interaction of negative-feedback seeking and roommate rejection to be predictive of increases in depressive symptoms. This study replicated and elaborated this finding. Participants who sought negative feedback and performed below their personal standard of success were more likely to experience a subsequent increase in depressive symptoms compared with all other students. Furthermore, the interaction of negative-feedback seeking and midterm failure was specific to predicting increases indepressive symptoms, and did not predict anxious symptoms, thus supporting the specificity of the model to depression. These findings suggest that negative-feedback seeking, combined with a negative life event, may place an individual at increased risk for depressive symptoms. Potential methods and consequences of disrupting the pattern of negative-feedback seeking are discussed.
Should It Matter Where Genocide Denial Is Banned? A Critique of the Nexus Argument

A great many countries have adopted laws banning the denial of historical events – typically genocides and crimes against humanity. One attempt to classify these laws focuses on nexus: Is there a connection between the country banning the denial and the historical act being denied? For example, Germany might have a reason to ban Holocaust denial but Argentina would not. My essay critiques this argument. One critique is practical: How “local” must the history in question be? Does the concept of “local” censorship make sense in a world where nation-states (the entities called on to censor) have increasingly limited relevance? Another problem is theoretical: By highlighting the slippery slope problem (Argentines banning Holocaust denial), the nexus argument undercuts other legitimate arguments for and against memory laws. One can, for example, view memory laws as responses to political pressure. For example, Armenians in France have been trying for a decade to get France to ban denial of the Armenian Genocide. But what makes memory laws such an appealing alternative? One possibility is that calls for memory laws emerge from an explosion of denial which, in turn, comes from global efforts to taboo more traditional forms of hate speech. Regardless of the cause of memory laws, a “place”-based analysis has serious limitations. A serious analysis of memory laws should instead focus on: a) the nature of the event being denied; b) the rhetorical form the act of denial takes; and c) the legal context in which the act of denial arises (i.e. does the society ban other hate speech and/or denial of other genocides?). “Place” may have a role in this analysis – but it is a limited one.
Emergent Online Communities: The Structuring of Communicative Practices Over the Internet

Commercial enterprises are increasingly using online communities to allow customers to interact with each other before and after a purchase, and television shows are using them to get a closer grip on the audience. Although they have been around since the foundation of the Internet, little research has been done to understand the communicative interactions that arise within such online communities. In this paper, we use the notion of genres to study the communicative practices of three emergent online Internet communities at a university in the United States. Genres are organizing structures shaped by the communicative actions of individuals, and they provide an analytical lens to investigate those actions (Orlikowski and Yates 1994a, 1994b). We find that a parsimonious set of only six genres is needed to adequately classify almost 1,250 communications between the members of our three communities. Evidence also suggests that three of these genres are essential foundation blocks for communication in online communities. We also witness unmediated, explicit structuring of a genre, and the increase in participation this generates, which provides insight for those building and managing online communities. This study shows that genre analysis is a powerful tool to assist in understanding emergent online communities and we provide insight into how its use may facilitate growth and participation in the community.
Scope of Practice Impact on Employability in New York State: Director and Counselor Views

An exploratory survey revealed the effects of New York State's Licensed Mental Health Counselor Law on hiring Licensed Mental Health Counselors. The state Office of the Professions interpreted the absence of the word diagnosis in the law as indicating that LMHCs are ineligible to diagnose mental disorders. Directors of mental health agencies (n = 22) reported that LMHCs are qualified to work in state-licensed programs and are satisfied with the quality of their work, yet they hesitate or are unwilling to hire LMHCs due to reimbursement obstacles arising from the law. LMHCs (n = 23) reported being denied opportunities for employment, promotion, and insurance reimbursement and that consumer access to care is being restricted. It is advised that licensed professional counselors advocate for inclusion of the term diagnosis in the law in New York and in other states where the practice of professional counseling is unduly restricted.
Trends in Outcomes After Cytoreductive Surgery With Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy.

Abstract Background Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and cytoreductive surgery (CRS) have been shown to improve clinical outcomes among select patients presenting with peritoneal carcinomatosis. The aim of the present study was to describe temporal trends in clinical outcomes among patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC. Materials and methods Patients who underwent CRS/HIPEC were identified using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program databases from 2005 to 2013. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Results A total of 889 patients were identified who met the inclusion criteria. The most common primary tumor sites were the peritoneum (59.8%), followed by the appendix (13.7%) and colon (6.4%). The median operative time for all patients was 438 min (interquartile range: 328-550); postoperative morbidity was 41.3%, and 2.0% of patients died within 30 d of surgery. Over the time evaluated, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the median operative time (2005 versus 2013, 600 versus 403 min), postoperative morbidity (50.0% versus 36.1%), and length of stay (13.5 versus 8 d; all P 65 y (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-2.24; P = 0.037), a low preoperative hematocrit (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.19-2.33; P = 0.003), and preoperative serum albumin Conclusions Operative time, postoperative morbidity, and length of stay after CRS/HIPEC were observed to improve over the study period. Careful patient selection may result in favorable outcomes for select patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC.
Abstract 4672: WDR26 regulates an AKT-Gsk3-Wnt/b-catenin signaling cascade to maintain the breast cancer stem cell population and controls cancer metastasis

Cancer metastasis is the major cause of tumor mortality and has been attributed in part to the presence of a minority subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the bulk of tumor cells. We showed previously that WDR26, a scaffolding/adaptor protein that is highly upregulated in breast cancer, promotes breast cancer growth and metastasis. Here we show WDR26 was required for maintaining the CSC populations in breast cancer cells and the formation of lung metastases. Downregulation of WDR26 in breast cancer cells impaired the CSC-like activities and reduced the CSC population. Mammary gland-specific deletion of WDR26 in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer had a little effect on primary tumor formation but largely abolished spontaneous lung metastasis. WDR26 promoted β-catenin activation via AKT and GSK3, and the activity of AKT, GSK3 and β-catenin was required for maintaining the CSC population in breast cancer cells. Our results have identified a novel, WDR26-dependent pathway that links breast CSC activities to tumor metastatic potential. Citation Format: Dharmendra K. Bhargava, Wei Wang, Maddison Lensing, Songhai Chen. WDR26 regulates an AKT-Gsk3-Wnt/b-catenin signaling cascade to maintain the breast cancer stem cell population and controls cancer metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4672.
Acoustic Cell Separation Based on Density and Mechanical Properties.

Density and mechanical properties (e.g., compressibility or bulk modulus) are important cellular biophysical markers. As a result, developing a method to separate cells directly based on these properties benefits various applications including biological research, diagnosis, prognosis, and medical therapy. As a potential solution, surface acoustic wave (SAW) based cell separation has demonstrated advantages in terms of biocompatibility and compact device size. However, most SAW-reliant cell separations are achieved using an entangled effect of density, various mechanical properties, and size. In this work, we demonstrate SAW-based separation of cells/particles based on their densities and mechanical properties, irrespective of their sizes. Manipulating the acoustic properties of the fluidic medium allows us to decouple the effects of size from other mechanical properties during the separation process. Using our platform, SAW based separation is achieved by varying the dimensions of the microfluidic channels, the wavelengths of acoustic signals, and the properties of the fluid media in the microfluidic domain. Our method was applied to separate paraformaldehyde-treated and fresh Hela cells based on differences in mechanical properties; a recovery rate of 85% for fixed cells was achieved. It was also applied to separate red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) which have different densities. A recovery rate of 80.5% for WBCs was achieved. Owing to its excellent biocompatibility and simple design, our acoustic-based separation method can provide a valuable tool for fundamental research, diagnostics, drug efficacy assessments, and therapeutics.
Sujetos nulos: tipología lingüística, adquisición y contacto de lenguas

The article presents an account of the main proposals and models put forth to explain the variation in the expressed subjects in languages. One deals with the topic from the viewpoints of linguistic theory, linguistic typology, first and second language acquisition, and language contact. One discusses new hypotheses, possible ways to prove them, as well as the ramifications they can have for linguistics and related disciplines. This article may prove useful for researchers from several disciplines, who are interested in finding out about the state of the art on expressed subjects, and new directions in research, and who are willing to participate in related projects.
Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystic neoplasm leading to multifocal invasive adenocarcinoma of the small and large intestine

Abstract Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystic neoplasm (PRMCN) is extremely rare, and its etiology, pathogenesis, and prognosis remain unclear with histology being similar to ovarian or pancreatic counterparts. We herein report an unusual case of PRMCN with malignant transformation leading to multifocal invasive adenocarcinoma in the small and large bowel from our institution. The patient was a 23-year-old overweight woman presenting with fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and 17 cm cystic lesion in the right mid abdomen which was exerting mass effect on the liver and right ureter. She underwent right hemicolectomy and en bloc resection of retroperitoneal mass with a subsequent pathology diagnosis of multifocal invasive moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma arising from a primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystic neoplasm with low and high grade dysplasia. The adenocarcinoma was identified in the serosa and muscularis propria of the small and large intestines. Immunohistochemically tumor cells were positive for CK7, pankeratin and MOC-31 with high Ki67 proliferative index, and negative for CK20, CDX-2, PAX-8, TTF-1, calretinin and WT1. Subsequent thorough oncologic, radiologic and tumor marker workup failed to identify any primary tumors in our patient with nineteen months surveillance after surgery being recurrence-free. There are no pathognomonic clinical or radiological findings for primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystic neoplasm, making the preoperative diagnosis challenging. Delay in diagnosis and treatment may lead to complications such as rupture, infection, and malignant transformation like in our case. Surgical resection and pathology report are crucial to facilitate accurate diagnosis and treatment.
The Asymmetric One-Dimensional Constrained Ising Model: Rigorous Results

We study a one-dimensional spin (interacting particle) system, with product Bernoulli (p) stationary distribution, in which a site can flip only when its left neighbor is in state +1. Such models have been studied in physics as simple exemplars of systems exhibiting slow relaxation. In our “East” model the natural conjecture is that the relaxation time τ(p), that is 1/(spectral gap), satisfies log τ(p)∼\(\tfrac{{\log ^2 (1/p)}}{{\log 2}}\) as p↓0. We prove this up to a factor of 2. The upper bound uses the Poincare comparison argument applied to a “wave” (long-range) comparison process, which we analyze by probabilistic techniques. Such comparison arguments go back to Holley (1984, 1985). The lower bound, which atypically is not easy, involves construction and analysis of a certain “coalescing random jumps” process.
Goodyear Dunlop Tires Operations, S.A. v. Brown (and J. McIntyre Machinery, Ltd. v. Nicastro)

This book chapter summarizes the U.S. Supreme Court's decisions in Goodyear v. Brown and McIntyre Machinery v. Nicastro.
Decision-Analytic Methodology for Life Cycle Design

A modular hierarchical influence diagram model is proposed as a decision-analytic framework for the life cycle design and manufacture of mechanical products. The influence diagram ties product design, manufacturing and testing decisions to field quality, costs and risks. With increasing international competition and concern for product performance and reliability in the marketplace, design and manufacturing groups must explicitly consider all life cycle aspects and uncertainties early in the product design cycle? We propose that design methodologies that enhance communication of experiential knowledge between design, manufacturing and marketing will be crucial in assisting in the early design phases. The focus of this research is in the use of influence diagrams for modeling and communicating critical interrelationships and quantifying their behavior. The IDES (Influence Diagram Based Expert System [1–4]) developed at the University of California at Berkeley is used to illustrate the potential of applying such a planning model to real-time diagnostic decisions in the manufacture and testing of mechanical components for high-speed printers [5].
pJM1 Plasmid-Mediated Iron Transport-Virulence System of Vibrio anguillarum

Vibrio anguillarum causes vibriosis, one of the most devastating diseases affecting salmonid fishes, which results in a hemorrhagic septicemia and death caused by hypoxia and the dysfunction of various organs. The disease caused by this organism has remarkable similarities to invasive septicemic diseases in humans and is thus an interesting model to study bacterial pathogenicity. In many strains of this bacterium, a 65- kb plasmid, pJM1, was identified which encodes an essential component of its virulence repertoire. Mutagenesis experiments of the pJM1 plasmid with TnJ-HoHol led to the identification of six genetic units and identified the iron uptake region to approximately 25 kb of pJM1 DNA. In Escherichia coli and most other bacteria, iron forms a ferrous complex with the Fur protein, which acts as a repressor by binding to the Fur-binding sequence found at the promoter region of iron-regulated genes. TAF and AngR are essential as positive enhancers of the expression of anguibactin biosynthesis, at the transcription level, while a chromosomally mediated Fur protein as well as a plasmid-mediated antisense RNAα play roles in the negative control of the expression of the iron transport system. It is remarkable that one of the positive-acting factors, AngR, also shares homology in a motif with members of the firefly luciferase family, of which the DHBA-AMP ligase (EntE) from E. coli is a member, and that AngR can replace EntE in E. coli entE mutants and could therefore play a role in the biosynthesis of anguibactin.
Reconstitution of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor-Ca2+ release channel protein complex into proteoliposomes.

The 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid-solubilized 30 S ryanodine receptor (RyR)/Ca2+ release channel complex from rabbit skeletal muscles, purified by density gradient centrifugation, was reconstituted with an excess of phospholipid into proteoliposomes by removal of the detergent by dialysis. Reconstituted proteoliposomes were concentrated by centrifugation, frozen and thawed, and sonicated. [3H]Ryanodine binding measurements indicated close to 50% recovery of calculated binding activity following reconstitution of the purified RyR and dynamic light scattering measurements a mean vesicle diameter of approximately 150 nm. Using these values, a functional RyR was estimated to be present in only a small fraction (
Password policy: the good, the bad, and the ugly

"We're secure! We use passwords!" How many of us have heard this claim? Or even -- "We're secure! We have a password policy!" Using a password or having a password policy in today's world of computing is not enough. Passwords provide a first line of defense in most cases, but there is much more. "A recent survey by Rainbow Technologies Inc. indicates that the use of insecure passwords can be costly -- and potentially risky -- for corporate data. "[Rosencrance] This paper focuses on the use of passwords and password policy and looks at the good, the bad and the ugly scenarios that arise.
STAPL: an adaptive, generic parallel C++ library

The Standard Template Adaptive Parallel Library (STAPL) is a parallel library designed as a superset of the ANSI C++ Standard Template Library (STL). It is sequentially consistent for functions with the same name, and executes on uni- or multi-processor systems that utilize shared or distributed memory. STAPL is implemented using simple parallel extensions of C++ that currently provide a SPMD model of parallelism, and supports nested parallelism. The library is intended to be general purpose, but emphasizes irregular programs to allow the exploitation of parallelism for applications which use dynamically linked data structures such as particle transport calculations, molecular dynamics, geometric modeling, and graph algorithms. STAPL provides several different algorithms for some library routines, and selects among them adaptively at runtime. STAPL can replace STL automatically by invoking a preprocessing translation phase. In the applications studied, the performance of translated code was within 5% of the results obtained using STAPL directly. STAPL also provides functionality to allow the user to further optimize the code and achieve additional performance gains. We present results obtained using STAPL for a molecular dynamics code and a particle transport code.
A Wafer Transfer Technology for MEMS Adaptive Optics

Adaptive optics systems require the combination of several advanced technologies such as precision optics, wavefront sensors, deformable mirrors, and lasers with high-speed control systems. The deformable mirror with a continuous membrane is a key component of these systems. This paper describes a new technique for transferring an entire wafer-level silicon membrane from one substrate to another. This technology is developed for the fabrication of a compact deformable mirror with a continuous facet. A 1 (mu)m thick silicon membrane, 100 mm in diameter, has been successfully transferred without using adhesives or polymers (i.e. wax, epoxy, or photoresist). Smaller or larger diameter membranes can also be transferred using this technique. The fabricated actuator membrane with an electrode gap of 1.5 (mu)m shows a vertical deflection of 0.37 (mu)m at 55 V.
A Model Compound Study of the CO-Adduct of Cytochrome P-450

Abstract A model compound was prepared having the same optical properties in the Soret and visible regions as the CO-adduct of ferrous cytochrome P-450. Obligate for the formation of this spectral species absorbing at 450 nm (emm = 93) and 555 nm (emm = 23) in a dimethylsulfoxide-ethanol solvent system was the presence of ferrous heme, CO, thiol, and a strong base. Decreasing the dielectric constant of the solvent, which would be equivalent to increasing the hydrophobicity of the heme environment in the protein, causes a small shift in the Soret absorption to the blue with no change in emm. The absence of thiol or strong base resulted in the formation of typical heme·CO absorptions at 413 nm (emm = 150), 535 nm (emm = 25), and 566 nm (emm = 30). It is concluded that the sulfur-containing axial ligand in the model compound and also in ferrous cytochromes P-450·CO is a mercaptide anion.
Vaginal and cervical abnormalities after exposure to stilbestrol in utero.

34 girls 13-24 years of age whose mothers had taken stilbestrol during pregnancy were studied. Only 1 had been pregnant and she delivered a healthy child. 2 had inter-mentrual bleeding and staining. 32 were asymptomatic. Vaginal smears were obtained the entire vaginal surface was inspected a careful examination was made for early neoplasms all red areas of the vagina were biopsied and vaginal mucosa areas that did not stain by the Schiller technic were biopsied. During the 11-month study 275 other girls of the same age but without a history of intrauterine exposure to stilbestrol were also examined. Of those exposed in utero 59 vaginal and 24 cervical biopsy specimens were obtained. Of the unexposed group 15 biopsy speciments of vaginal red spots were obtained. 19 of the 34 exposed patients did not have biopsies because no abnormality was observed. Of the remaining: 1 biopsy showed no abnormality 1 congestion and 13 adenosis. The smallest biopsy speciment measured 1 sq mm the largest 21 sq mm with 7 sq mm average. In none of the 15 specimens from the 275 unexposed patients was adenosis detected. In 21 of the 34 exposed patients cervical erosion was present including all with adenosis. In 9 cases of extensive cervical erosion histology resembled that of the adenosis of the vagina except that in the cervix the papillary fronds were covered with endocervical-type epithelium. 8 cases had chronic inflammation. Squamous metaplasia of the glands was seen in 4 cases. Protruding transverse ridges of tissue partly or completely encircling the upper vagina were present in 4 of the exposed patients. All except 1 with ridges also had adenosis. No ridges were observed in any of the unexposed patients. Vaginal cytology in exposed patients was suspicious of carcinoma in 5 and especially in 1. Of the 14 patients who had vaginal adenosis or transverse cervical or vaginal ridges the mothers began to receive stilbestrol before the 12th week of pregnancy. The therapy continued from 3 months to throughout pregnancy. No constant dose pattern was observed. A similar diverse dosage pattern was observed in the 21 patients who did not have any abnormalities. It is suggested that adenosis may be a developmental abnormality. Also cervical erosion in those who have never been pregnant is thought to be of congenital origin as are transverse vaginal ridges or septa. Exposure to stilbestrol in utero is considered the cause. All patients with such a history should be examined. Those with adenosis should be followed up frequently. 0Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix has been observed in such patients who may represent the high risk group. However the risk appears to be small. Symptomatic lesions of those associated with nuclear atypica should be treated although spontaneous regression has been observed.
The Female Athlete

Mary Lloyd Ireland and Aurelia Nattiv, editors. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2002. 832 pages. $64.95. The Female Athlete is a comprehensive, 832-page text edited by Mary Lloyd Ireland, an orthopaedist, and Aurelia Nattiv, a family practitioner. Both editors are respected for their expertise in the evaluation and management of illnesses and injuries in the female athlete. The two have assembled a superb group of …
Preservation activities and needs in U.S. biomedical libraries: a status report.

Abstract A national sample of health sciences and other types of libraries having significant holdings of biomedical literature was studied to determine the status of library preservation programs. Findings pertaining to 134 basic health sciences libraries and to ninety-seven resource libraries in the Regional Medical Library Program network are reported and discussed. Basic health sciences libraries participating in the study were primarily hospital libraries; resource libraries were primarily academic health sciences center libraries. Findings include information on topics perceived to be of greatest need for staff training and for informational or educational materials; on levels of preservation activity, staffing, and funding; and on capabilities for participating in a national cooperative preservation program. Efforts to identify general and special biomedical collections of potential importance to a national preservation program met with limited success.
Gender differences in risky sexual behavior among urban adolescents exposed to violence.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use an ecological lens to explore gender differences in risky sexual behavior among urban adolescents exposed to violence. Data Sources: This was a secondary analysis of data from a larger behavioral intervention trial that targeted drinking behaviors among adolescents. Data from a total of 2,560 male and female urban adolescents between the ages of 14 and 21 were analyzed for personal, interpersonal, and community exposure to violence and risky sexual behavior. Conclusions: Violence has an impact on sexual risk. For females, carrying a weapon (p= 0.020) and feeling safe in intimate relationships (p= 0.029) were individual correlates of risky sexual behavior, while for males, race/ethnicity (p= 0.019) and being in a physical fight (p= 0.001) were significant correlates of risky sexual behavior. Implications for Practice: Risky sexual behavior among adolescents may lead to negative reproductive health outcomes. Nurse practitioners are in an excellent position to affect change in this population through their frequent contact with adolescents in a variety of community and school-based venues. Nurse practitioners are also well-prepared to identify at-risk adolescents and provide them with individualized care, education, and support. Language: en
Treatment of metastatic urachal carcinoma in an elderly woman

Urachal adenocarcinomas are rare primary adenocarcinomas of the bladder for which there is no current chemotherapy regimen. Mohile and co-authors report the case of a 67-year-old woman who was diagnosed with metastatic urachal adenocarcinoma and achieved complete remission of the disease after irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin therapy. The authors discuss the current management options for patients with urachal adenocarcinomas and emphasize the need to evaluate the role of newly discovered agents in the treatment of this disease. Background A 67-year-old woman with a history of smoking presented with abdominal pain and hematuria. On physical examination, she had a palpable pelvic mass. Imaging revealed a large pelvic mass situated on the dome of the bladder, extending from the urachus, without evidence of other sites of metastases. After resection, urachal adenocarcinoma was histologically confirmed. No adjuvant therapy was administered. Repeat imaging obtained 3 months after resection revealed a large left pelvic mass consistent with recurrence. Investigations Physical examination, pelvic and complete lymph-node examination, laboratory tests, urine analysis, CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, chest X-ray, bone scan, cystoscopy, histologic examination of tumor morphology, and MRI of the abdomen and pelvis. Diagnosis Metastatic urachal adenocarcinoma. Management Surgical excision combined with cystectomy and pelvic lympadenectomy, chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan.
Progressive Shock Metamorphism of Quartzite Ejecta from the Sedan Nuclear Explosion Crater

Cambrian and Mississipian orthoquartzites, present as fragments in alluvium, experienced shock-wave pressures up to 500+ kb during the Sedan (100 kiloton) nuclear cratering explosion. Ejecta samples display diverse shock-damage effects correlative, in part, with increasing peak pressures that establish a sequence of progressive shock metamorphism having these principal characteristics: (1) Lower pressure effects include cataclasislike shattering of individual quartz grains by irregular microfractures and subparallel fractures cutting across grains. (2) Shock-induced discontinuities (planar features) in quartz show systematic variations with increasing shock_damage. As planar feature sets per grain increase from 1.18 to 4.75, their orientations coincident with $$\omega{10\bar{1}3}$$ decrease in frequency from 60+ percent to 35 percent and $$\Xi{11\bar{2}2}$$ sets decrease from 12 percent to 3 percent, whereas $$\pi{10\bar{1}2}$$ increase from 0 percent to 35 percent. Basal features, another shock criterion...
OTV orbital tanking systems

Orbital transfer of cryogenic propellants could benefit spacecraft and Orbital Transfer Vehicle (OTV) missions in the 1980s by supplying main propulsion, attitude control, or other fluid systems. The Space Shuttle can operate as a tanker when equipped with cryogenic propellant storage and orbital transfer systems. The key technologies are multilayer insulation, capillary propellant acquisition, zero-g gaging, orbital chilldown, and possibly large flight weight dewars. The technologies and operations could be realistically demonstrated using a Centaur that has been integrated with the Shuttle. Orbital refueling capability can enhance the usefulness of the whole Shuttle program
Cerebral effects of low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest

Abstract Although both hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) and low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are accepted techniques for the operative management of complex cardiovascular pathology, the potential for neurologic sequelae is still a concern. To assess the relative safety of these techniques, we compared cerebral hemodynamics and clinical outcome in two groups of puppies. Sixteen puppies underwent 45 minutes of either HCA or low-flow CPB (25 mL · kg −1 · min −1 ) after cooling to 13 °C. Methodology included radioactive microsphere determination of cerebral blood flow; calculation of cerebral oxygen extraction (arteriovenous oxygen content difference) and consumption; measurement of glucose consumption, and determination of cerebrovascular resistance. Measurements were obtained at baseline (37 °C, 13 °C, and 30 °C and at 2, 4, and 8 hours after HCA or low-flow CPB. No neurologic deficits were observed in any of the survivors ( 15 / 16 ). In both groups, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen was maintained at baseline or greater levels postoperatively. Cerebrovascular resistance rose slightly in the low-flow CPB group postoperatively in contrast to a marked elevation in the HCA group. During the period of high cerebrovascular resistance after HCA, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen was maintained by increased oxygen extraction. After low-flow CPB, oxygen extraction was not significantly different from baseline, presumably because of less severe changes in cerebrovascular resistance. Glucose metabolism followed the same trends as oxygen metabolism in both groups. These data suggest that after HCA there is a vulnerable interval, lasting as late as 8 hours postoperatively, in which cerebrovascular resistance remains high and cerebral metabolism is maintained primarily by high oxygen and glucose extraction. Any additional stress during this interval (a decrease in arterial oxygen content or perfusion pressure) could result in cerebral injury.
Evaluating acquisitions in consulting engineering

The strategic management planning process for acquisition decision-making is explored. The steps involved in the process of selecting and implementing an acquisition strategy for a consulting engineering organization are developed and discussed. This is followed by a case-study statistical evaluation of acquisitions within the consulting engineering services industry demonstrating the financial economic characteristics and computations. A worksheet is presented for use in organizing and evaluating a set of distinct characteristics for comparing acquisition candidates. >
Heme binding to Hep G2 human hepatoma cells

Abstract Utilizing high specific activity [ 55 Fe]hemin, the interaction of heme with monolayer cultures of human Hep G2 hepatoblastoma cells was examined. Initial characterization was performed at 4 °C to minimize the possibility of heme internalization. Specific binding of [ 55 Fe]hemin at 4 °C reached equilibrium within 6 h and was 66% dissociable after 18 h in the presence of fresh binding buffer. Stereospecificity of the binding interaction was evidenced by variable degrees of competition with different metalloporphyrins. Scatchard analysis revealed a K a of 0.01 nM −1 and the number of binding sites per cell was approx. 200 000. Elevation of the temperature during binding to 22 °C resulted in a small decrease in the affinity of the interaction and the apparent number of sites per cell was doubled, possibly due to artefactual elevation of the cell-associated radioactivity secondary to intracellular accumulation. These data are interpreted to indicate the presence of a specific heme receptor on the plasmalemma of Hep G2 cells.
Auxin-induced sprout growth inhibition: Role of endogenous ethylene

The role of endogenous ethylene in auxin-mediated tuber sprout growth inhibition was determined in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) minitubers. Treatment of tubers with biologically active auxins resulted in a transient, dose-dependent increase in ethylene production and inhibition of sprout growth. Biologically inactive auxin analogs elicited neither response. Continuous exposure to > 0.001 μL L-1 exogenous ethylene inhibited sprout growth in a dose-dependent manner with complete inhibition occurring at ethylene concentrations ≥1 μL L-1. In further studies with the active auxin α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), the role of ethylene in auxin-induced sprout growth inhibition was determined using ethylene biosynthesis and action inhibitors. The ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine reduced NAA-induced ethylene biosynthesis by over 80% but had no effect on sprout growth inhibition. The non-competitive ethylene action inhibitor silver thiosulfate had no effect on NAA-induced sprout growth inhibition. Similarly, both the competitive ethylene action inhibitor 2,5-norbornadiene and the irreversible action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene were ineffective in reducing NAA-mediated sprout growth inhibition. Collectively, these results do not support the proposal that, in the case of potato tuber sprouts, auxininduced growth inhibition is mediated by endogenous ethylene action.
Early-onset liver disease complicated with acute liver failure in Alstrom syndrome.

We report a case of Alstrom syndrome with evidence of extensive hepatic disease diagnosed at five years of age, who subsequently developed acute liver failure and died at eight years of age. Such a case, with the patient dying before the age of ten, has not been described before. The biochemical findings during our patient's liver failure raised the question of a possible mitochondrial function defect in this syndrome. Further investigation of this possibility is needed.
The reversible nephrotoxic effects of biphenyl

Abstract Rats ingesting diets containing 0.5% biphenyl developed nephrotoxic effects including focal tubular dilation in approximately 60 days. Rats returned to control diet for 60 days after ingesting a dietary level of 0.5% biphenyl for 165 days showed a regression of kidney lesions with scar formation. A more sensitive criterion of the renal effects of biphenyl was polyuria, which is probably a defense mechanism response to the irritant action caused by the insoluble biphenyl metabolites passing through the kidney. No evidence of either polyuria or histopathologic damage was observed from the ingestion of 0.1% biphenyl in the diet for 120 days.
Voter Turnout and Political Efficacy Among Mexican-Americans in Michigan1

A description and explanation of the research on levels of political interest and feelings of political efficacy among Mexican-Americans is presented. The primary concerns are comparing Mexican-Americans with other Americans, determining the effect of the Mexican-American subculture, and evaluating the usefulness of standard explanations of variations in political interest and feeling of political efficacy in explaining variations among Mexican-Americans. The research sample included 465 Mexican-Americans in Michigan. Contrary to past studies, which have described Mexican-Americans as politically inactive and fatalistic, we found that Mexican-Americans did not differ significantly from other similar Americans in voting turnout and political efficacy. The Mexican-American subculture did not discourage voting or encourage a sense of powerlessness. Generally, standard theories were useful in explaining variations in voting turnout and political efficacy among Mexican-Americans. An additional factor of importance was the perception of the status of Mexican-Americans in society.