cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Weight analysis of aircraft actuators

THE work that must be expended to actuate adjustable flight surfaces and to operate the landing gear, bomb doors, and other movable structures on aircraft often exceeds pilot capabilities. At the same time, the increase in physical size of aircraft in recent years has all but ruled out mechanical transmission systems. To provide for power amplification and to eliminate mechanical links, the aircraft designer uses a multitude of remotely controlled actuating devices, known more simply to the aircraft industry as actuators.
Ontogeny of the Na+−H+ exchanger in rat ileal brush-border membrane vesicles

The developmental maturation of Na+−H+ antiporter was determined using a well-validated brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV's) technique. Na+ uptake represented transport into an osmotically sensitive intravesicular space as evidenced by an osmolality study at equilibrium. An outwardly directed pH gradient (pH inside/pH outside=5.2/7.5) significantly stimulated Na+ uptake compared with no pH gradient conditions at all age groups; however, the magnitude of stimulation was significantly different between the age groups. Moreover, the imposition of greater pH gradient across the vesicles resulted in marked stimulation of Na+ uptake which increased with advancing age. Na+ uptake represented an electroneutral process.
Interannual displacements of convection and surface circulation over the equatorial Indian Ocean

The interannual variability of surface observations in the equatorial Indian Ocean is investigated from 23 years of ship reports (1954-1976). In October and November, during certain years, the monthly analyses show strong wind anomalies in the eastern and central equatorial Indian Ocean. Simultaneously, cloud cover anomalies of opposite signs are observed in the eastern Indian Ocean and in the central Indian Ocean. A linear analysis of heat-induced circulation suggests that the surface wind anomalies are forced by anomalies of rainfall. This circulation is probably dissipative with time scales in the range two to five days. The reasons for the maintenance of anomalous circulations are not well known. It is noted that during most El Nino events in the Pacific Ocean, anomalies are observed in the Indian Ocean. However, there are other years with the same anomalous pattern, 1961 for example. During the years with anomalously little cloudiness in the eastern Indian Ocean, sea surface temperatures lower than normal are found in the eastern Indian Ocean. This suggests that coupled air-sea dynamics must be taken into account to understand the interannual variability.
Frontiers in genomic assay technologies: the grand challenges in enabling data-intensive biological research.

We live in astonishing times, not least when we consider the recent rate of progress in science. We are experiencing a revolution, underpinned and empowered by Moore’s famous law and the computational power enabled by that law (Mollick, 2006), that has largely eliminated the traditional sci-entific bottle-neck associated with data acquisition. Biologists now find themselves a situation familiar to any of us that has, over the last decade or so, replaced their conventional film camera with its digital counterpart. The biologist now has the ability to take technological “snapshots” of almost any attribute of a living organism, whether it be DNA sequence, protein iden-tity, 3-, 4-, and 5-dimensional distributions of macromolecules, composition of small molecules, and ions, identity of mutations, the mapping of phenotypes to genotypes, and so-on, and this has provided an unprec-edented amount of data for analysis. This situation, which extends across all fields of experimental science, has been canonized as the emergence of a “Fourth Paradigm” in scientific research, termed Data-Intensive Scientific Discovery, the first, second, and third paradigms representing conven-tional empirical observation, abstraction and theory, and computational simula-tion, respectively (Gray, 2009). As you will see below, biologists now face much of the same grand challenges as experienced by the recreational photographer.The purpose of this article is to sum-marize grand challenges confronted at the frontier of genomic assay technology, and to provide some talking points as to the purpose of this new journal. Several grand challenges are relatively easy to define. At least three are directly associated with our recent and unprecedented ability to gener -ate biological data in digital form. Given this ability, immediate challenges are: (1) How does one design the most meaning ful experiments to generate the most useful data? (2) How does one handle the resultant data stream? and (3) What is the best way to archive data, and to harvest and integrate this archived data?A fourth grand challenge naturally arises from the process of technology innova-tion, being associated with the identifi-cation of new ways to analyze biological organisms and systems, and the develop-ment of the associated technologies and experimental platforms.A final grand challenge arises from the concept of stepping back and focusing on the source materials used for generating biological knowledge, the families, genera, and species, discovered and undiscovered, representing life on this planet, and asking the question as to whether we know all pos-sible ways in which evolution can give rise to successful life-forms based on detailed understanding and study of only a very lim-ited subset of these life-forms.
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head-and-neck rhabdomyosarcoma.

Purpose: To determine the preliminary results of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head-and-neck rhabdomyosarcoma. Methods and Materials: Twenty-eight patients underwent IMRT as a part of multimodality therapy. Twenty-one tumors were parameningeal, three were orbital, and four were in other sites. The median age was 8 years (range, 1–29 years). Most (89%) had Group III disease. Intracranial extension was present in 71% of parameningeal tumors. A 1.5-cm margin was used, and the median dose was 50.4 Gy (range, 30–55.8 Gy). Results: The actuarial 3-year survival rate for patients with parameningeal tumors was 65%. The 3-year actuarial freedom from failure rate was 95% locally, 90% in regional nodes, 88% in the central nervous system, and 80% at distant sites. No failures occurred among patients with orbit tumors; a single central nervous system failure occurred in 1 patient with a lip/cheek tumor. Disease-free survival was significantly worse for patients with alveolar histologic features ( p = 0.01). Acute radiation toxicity was similar to that reported by the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group. Late radiation toxicity was recorded and was mild. Conclusion: IMRT with image fusion results in outstanding local control despite the use of a reduced margin. However, survival among patients with alveolar histologic findings or intracranial extension remains unacceptably low.
Benchmarking sets for molecular docking.

Ligand enrichment among top-ranking hits is a key metric of molecular docking. To avoid bias, decoys should resemble ligands physically, so that enrichment is not simply a separation of gross features, yet be chemically distinct from them, so that they are unlikely to be binders. We have assembled a directory of useful decoys (DUD), with 2950 ligands for 40 different targets. Every ligand has 36 decoy molecules that are physically similar but topologically distinct, leading to a database of 98 266 compounds. For most targets, enrichment was at least half a log better with uncorrected databases such as the MDDR than with DUD, evidence of bias in the former. These calculations also allowed 40 × 40 cross-docking, where the enrichments of each ligand set could be compared for all 40 targets, enabling a specificity metric for the docking screens. DUD is freely available online as a benchmarking set for docking at http://blaster.docking.org/dud/.
Outcomes of Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Richter's Transformation After Transplantation Failure

Purpose Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) induces long-term remission in a fraction of patients with high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or Richter's transformation (RT). Our purpose was to determine the outcomes of patients whose disease progressed after allogeneic SCT. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 72 patients (52 with CLL and 20 with RT) who underwent allogeneic SCT between 1998 and 2011 and had documented progression after transplantation. Twenty-two (31%) never had a response, and 50 (69%) had a response but experienced relapse after a median of 7 months (range, 2 to 85 months). Forty-eight patients who were receiving or were candidates to receive post-SCT cell-based therapies were not included in this analysis. Results The median age at time of transplantation was 58 years (range, 30 to 72 years). Sixty-two patients (86%) received more than two treatment regimens and 37 (51%) received more than three treatment regimens before SCT. Sixty-six patien...
THE INFLUENCE OF MICROWAVE HEATING ON THE TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF MEAT AND COLLAGEN SOLUBILIZATION1

Quality characteristics, textural properties, and solubility of collagen were determined for two different methods of heating, duration of heating, and end temperature of the product. Properties of connective tissue and collagen solubilization were studied by determining shear cohesiveness, shear firmness and hydroxyproline solubilized. The microwave heating of meat samples solubilized more collagen than did the conventional method of heating. The data showed significant variations among the samples for percent hydroxyproline solubilized by microwave heating. Differences in shear cohesiveness and firmness were established for microwave and conventionally heated samples. Water holding capacity and moisture content of meat heated by microwave were similar to those heated by boiling.
Optimal Unsupervised Learning in a Single-Layer Linear Feedforward Neural Network

Abstraet--A new approach to unsupervised learning in a single-layer linear feedforward neural network is discussed. An optimality principle is proposed which is based upon preserving maximal information in the output units. An algorithm for unsupervised learning based upon a Hebbian learning rule, which achieves the desired optimality is presented, The algorithm finds the eigenvectors of the input correlation matrix, and it is proven to converge with probability one. An implementation which can train neural networks using only local "synaptic" modification rules is described. It is shown that the algorithm is closely related to algorithms in statistics (Factor Analysis and Principal Components Analysis) and neural networks (Self-supervised Backpropagation, or the "encoder" problem). It thus provides an explanation of certain neural network behavior in terms of" classical statistical techniques. Examples of the use of a linear network for solving image coding and texture segmentation problems are presented. Also, it is shown that the algorithm can be used to find "visual receptive fields'" which are qualitatively similar to those found in primate retina and visual cortex.
A Community-Based Diabetes Prevention Program Evaluation of the Group Lifestyle Balance Program Delivered by Diabetes Educators

PurposeWith growing numbers of people at risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, diabetes educators report increasing referrals for intervention in prevention of these conditions. Diabetes educators have expertise in diabetes self-management education; however, they are generally not prepared for delivery of chronic disease primary prevention. The purpose of this project was to determine if individuals at risk for diabetes who participate in an intervention delivered by trained diabetes educators in existing diabetes self-management education community-based programs can reduce risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.MethodsDiabetes educators in 3 outpatient-hospital programs (urban, suburban, and rural) received training and support for implementation of the Group Lifestyle Balance program, an adaptation of the Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention, from the Diabetes Prevention Support Center of the University of Pittsburgh. Adults with prediabetes and/or the metabolic syn...
Stress Assisted Corrosion of Waterwall Tubes in Recovery Boiler Tubes: Failure Analysis

Waterside cracking of carbon-steel boiler tubes is one of the major safety and efficiency concerns in kraft recovery boilers in the pulp and paper industry, because any water leak into the furnace could cause a smelt-water explosion in the boiler. Failed carbon-steel boiler tubes from different kraft recovery boilers were examined to understand the role of carbon-steel microstructure on crack initiation and crack morphology. A number of carbon-steel tubes showed a deep decarburized layer on the inner surface (water-touched) and also an unusually large grain size at the inner tube surface. In some boiler tubes, cracks were found to initiate in areas with large-grained-decarburized microstructure. However, tubes without such microstructure were also found to have stress assisted corrosion (SAC) cracks. It was found that the decarburization and large grained microstructure may facilitate initiation and growth, but it is not necessary for SAC of carbon-steel boiler tubes.
Post-Cold War Reflections on the Study of International Human Rights

The 1993 World Human Rights Conference, only the second UN-sponsored global conference on human rights ever held, provides an appropriate occasion to reflect on the state of the study of international human rights. The first global human rights conference, held in Tehran in 1968, came on the heels of the rise of the Third World to a position of international prominence. The Tehran Conference helped to initiate an era in which issues of economic, social, and cultural rights and development received steadily increasing attention in international human rights discussions. The 1993 Vienna Conference reflected the new international context characterized by the end of the Cold War and the global trend toward political liberalization and democratization. Substantively, the Vienna Conference was perhaps most notable for its emphasis on the university of international human rights—an emphasis, as I will argue below, that is reflected in the development of the academic human rights literature as well.
Effect of genetic selection on growth parameters and tonic immobility in Leghorn pullets

Four genetic stocks of Leghorn pullets were used to evaluate the effects of genetic selection on growth and fearfulness behavior. Three of the stocks were the Ottawa randombred control stocks from 1950 (CS5), 1959 (CS7), and 1972 (CS10). The fourth stock was a 1993 commercial laying stock (CCS) whose ancestors were involved in the formation of the randombred control stocks. Pullets were reared in a brood and grow poultry house with flat deck cages. Each stock was comprised of 840 birds with 21 replicates per strain. Body weight and feed consumption were monitored biweekly. At 16 wk of age, a 20-hen sample from each strain was analyzed for BW, body composition, and tonic immobility. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences among the stocks for BW of 1,403; 1,333; 1,332; and 1,428 g for the CS5, CS7, CS10, and CCS stocks, respectively. Furthermore, significant differences occurred with regard to feed consumption, livability, and frame size. There were no differences among the stocks in tonic immobility. Measurement of circulating corticosterone levels were shown to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the CCS stock (7.64 ng/mL) than for both the CS5 (4.50 ng/mL) and CS7 (4.61 ng/mL) stocks, whereas the CS10 stock was intermediate with 6.45 ng/mL. Genetic selection has affected growth parameters, although there appears to be no change in fearfulness behavior but an increase in corticosterone levels in stocks from later years.
Autokinetic Word Writing

Role-playing and standard instructions were administered to 100 Ss during autokinetic word-writing sessions. Role-playing instructions produced more words than standard instructions with no apparent loss of projection. It was hypothesized that role-playing instructions decreased the degree of ambiguity accompanying AWT. This hypothesis was not supported.
Oxidant-induced disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier function: role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation

The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on intestinal epithelial barrier function was examined in Caco-2 and T84 cell monolayers. H2O2reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of Caco-2 an...
Long-Term Test-Retest Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments Using ImPACT

BackgroundComputer-based assessment programs are commonly used to document baseline cognitive performance for comparison with postconcussion testing. There are currently no guidelines for how often baseline assessments should be updated, and no data documenting the test-retest stability of baseline measures over relevant time periods.PurposeTo establish long-term test-retest reliability of baseline assessments using ImPACT, and to compare various statistical methods for establishing test-retest reliability.Study DesignCase series; Level of evidence, 4.MethodsParticipants were 95 collegiate varsity athletes completing baseline cognitive testing at 2 time periods, approximately 2 years apart. No participant sustained a concussion between assessments. All athletes completed the ImPACT test battery; dependent measures were the composite scores and total symptom scale score.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficient estimates for visual memory (.65), processing speed (.74), and reaction time (.68) composite sco...
Piezopotential gated nanowire devices: Piezotronics and piezo-phototronics

Summary Due to the polarization of ions in a crystal that has non-central symmetry, a piezoelectric potential (piezopotential) is created in the crystal by applying a stress. For materials such as ZnO, GaN, and InN in the wurtzite structure family, the effect of piezopotential on the transport behavior of charge carriers is significant due to their multiple functionalities of piezoelectricity, semiconductor and photon excitation. By utilizing the advantages offered by these properties, a few new fields have been created. Electronics fabricated by using inner-crystal piezopotential as a “gate” voltage to tune/control the charge transport behavior is named piezotronics, with applications in strain/force/pressure triggered/controlled electronic devices, sensors and logic units. Piezo-phototronic effect is a result of three-way coupling among piezoelectricity, photonic excitation and semiconductor transport, which allows tuning and controlling of electro-optical processes by strain induced piezopotential. The objective of this review article is to introduce the fundamentals of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics and to give an updated progress about their applications in energy science and sensors.
Pancreatic enzyme-replacement therapy in CF: considerations for the USA

Pancreatic enzyme products (PEPs) have been commercially available since before the passage of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act in 1938. They are a vital therapy for patients with cystic fibrosis and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. PEPs help to enhance absorption of nutrients and thereby play an important role in maintaining good nutritional status and preserving lung function. The benefits of these supplements are not limited to cystic fibrosis and also extend to patients with other conditions, such as chronic pancreatitis. Concerns over the safety and consistency of PEPs have led to the requirement that all PEPs be approved by the US FDA. Clinical studies are currently underway to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of different PEPs, including new formulations that meet FDA guidelines for no enzyme overfill. This review highlights currently available PEPs and new formulations that hold promise for patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
Microbiota and bile acid profiles in retinoic acid-primed mice that exhibit accelerated liver regeneration.

// Hui-Xin Liu 1 , Ying Hu 1 and Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan 1 1 Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA Correspondence to: Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan, email: // Keywords : partial hepatectomy, lipid homeostasis, energy metabolism, gut-liver axis, fibroblast growth factor 21, Pathology Section Received : September 09, 2015 Accepted : November 26, 2015 Published : December 18, 2015 Abstract Background & Aims: All-trans Retinoic acid (RA) regulates hepatic lipid and bile acid homeostasis. Similar to bile acid (BA), RA accelerates partial hepatectomy (PHx)-induced liver regeneration. Because there is a bidirectional regulatory relationship between gut microbiota and BA synthesis, we examined the effect of RA in altering the gut microbial population and BA composition and established their relationship with hepatic biological processes during the active phases of liver regeneration. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were treated with RA orally followed by 2/3 PHx. The roles of RA in shifting gut microbiota and BA profiles as well as hepatocyte metabolism and proliferation were studied. Results: RA-primed mice exhibited accelerated hepatocyte proliferation revealed by higher numbers of Ki67-positive cells compared to untreated mice. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla dominated the gut microbial community (>85%) in both control and RA-primed mice after PHx. RA reduced the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes , which was associated with a lean phenotype. Consistently, RA-primed mice lacked transient lipid accumulation normally found in regenerating livers. In addition, RA altered BA homeostasis and shifted BA profiles by increasing the ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic BAs in regenerating livers. Accordingly, metabolic regulators fibroblast growth factor 21, Sirtuin1, and their downstream targets AMPK and ERK1/2 were more robustly activated in RA-primed than unprimed regenerating livers. Conclusions: Priming mice with RA resulted in a lean microbiota composition and hydrophilic BA profiles, which were associated with facilitated metabolism and enhanced cell proliferation.
Probing Ultrathin One-Dimensional Pd–Ni Nanostructures As Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts

An ambient, surfactant-based synthetic means was used to prepare ultrathin binary (d ∼ 2 nm) Pd–Ni nanowires, which were subsequently purified using a novel butylamine-based surfactant-exchange process coupled with an electrochemical CO adsorption and stripping treatment to expose active surface sites. We were able to systematically vary the chemical composition of as-prepared Pd–Ni nanowires from pure elemental Pd to Pd0.50Ni0.50 (atomic ratio), as verified using EDS analysis. The overall morphology of samples possessing >60 atom % Pd consisted of individual, discrete one-dimensional nanowires. The electrocatalytic performances of elemental Pd, Pd0.90Ni0.10, Pd0.83Ni0.17, and Pd0.75Ni0.25 nanowires in particular were examined. Our results highlight a “volcano”-type relationship between chemical composition and corresponding ORR activities with Pd0.90Ni0.10, yielding the highest activity (i.e., 1.96 mA/cm2 at 0.8 V) among all nanowires tested. Moreover, the Pd0.90Ni0.10 sample exhibited outstanding methan...
Fe electron transfer and atom exchange in goethite: influence of Al-substitution and anion sorption.

The reaction of Fe(II) with Fe(III) oxides and hydroxides is complex and includes sorption of Fe(II) to the oxide, electron transfer between sorbed Fe(II) and structural Fe(III), reductive dissolution coupled to Fe atom exchange, and, in some cases mineral phase transformation. Much of the work investigating electron transfer and atom exchange between aqueous Fe(II) and Fe(III) oxides has been done under relatively simple aqueous conditions in organic buffers to control pH and background electrolytes to control ionic strength. Here, we investigate whether electron transfer is influenced by cation substitution of Al(III) in goethite and the presence of anions such as phosphate, carbonate, silicate, and natural organic matter. Results from 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy indicate that both Al-substitution (up to 9%) and the presence of common anions (PO43-, CO32-, SiO44-, and humic acid) does not inhibit electron transfer between aqueous Fe(II) and Fe(III) in goethite under the conditions we studied. In contras...
Outcomes in Hallux Rigidus Patients Treated Nonoperatively: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study

The purpose of this study was to analyze radiographic outcome and patient satisfaction in non-operative care of hallux rigidus. Twenty-two patients representing 24 feet were surveyed and radiographed. Average follow-up was 14.4 years (range, 12-19 years). In 75% (18/24) of the feet, the patients would "still chose not to have surgery" if they had to make the decision again. The pain remained about the same in 22 feet, improved with time in one, and became worse in one. The most common reason given for not having surgery was that the pain was not severe enough. The most common type of self-care was a shoe with an "ample toe box." More patients benefited from a stiff sole than a soft sole, but the majority of patients did not cite the sole of the shoe as being important. There was measurable loss of cartilage space radiographically over time in 16 of 24 feet, and in eight of the 16 feet, the loss of cartilage space was dramatic. The majority of hallux rigidus patients rated their pain as staying the same over a twelve-year period, despite significant deterioration of joint space noted radiographically.
Herschel and Talbot: Photographic Research

AbstractMany of the letters exchanged between Sir John Herschel and W. H. F. Talbot contain revelations about their photographic investigations. This correspondence conveys their enthusiasm about recent discoveries; it also contains clues about opportunities which passed by unrecognized. In addition to writing about their successful experiments, they discussed their failures, thereby providing us with wide-ranging historical profile information about these outstanding scientists.
Enhancing Network Parameter Error Detection and Correction via Multiple Measurement Scans

Although the normalized Lagrange multiplier (NLM) method has been shown to be very effective for network parameter error identification, errors in parameters corresponding to insensitive NLMs still remain difficult to detect and correct. This paper proposes an enhanced method for detecting and correcting network parameter errors based on multiple measurement scans. The method is developed by first deriving the relationship between parameter errors and the associated Langrage multipliers in state estimation. This is then used to clarify the reason behind the sensitivity issue of NLMs and the improvements made by performing multiple scans. An approach for estimating the necessary number of scans for satisfying various detection requirements is also proposed. Moreover, a local parameter error correction procedure based on multiple scans is presented, with detailed discussion of the local network selection and the number of required measurement scans. Simulation results in a very large utility system in North America illustrate the effectiveness of the analysis and methods proposed in this paper.
Lack of chronic neuroinflammation in the absence of focal hemorrhage in a rat model of low-energy blast-induced TBI

Blast-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been a common cause of injury in the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Blast waves can damage blood vessels, neurons, and glial cells within the brain. Acutely, depending on the blast energy, blast wave duration, and number of exposures, blast waves disrupt the blood-brain barrier, triggering microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Recently, there has been much interest in the role that ongoing neuroinflammation may play in the chronic effects of TBI. Here, we investigated whether chronic neuroinflammation is present in a rat model of repetitive low-energy blast exposure. Six weeks after three 74.5-kPa blast exposures, and in the absence of hemorrhage, no significant alteration in the level of microglia activation was found. At 6 weeks after blast exposure, plasma levels of fractalkine, interleukin-1β, lipopolysaccharide-inducible CXC chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor were decreased. However, no differences in cytokine levels were detected between blast-exposed and control rats at 40 weeks. In brain, isolated changes were seen in levels of selected cytokines at 6 weeks following blast exposure, but none of these changes was found in both hemispheres or at 40 weeks after blast exposure. Notably, one animal with a focal hemorrhagic tear showed chronic microglial activation around the lesion 16 weeks post-blast exposure. These findings suggest that focal hemorrhage can trigger chronic focal neuroinflammation following blast-induced TBI, but that in the absence of hemorrhage, chronic neuroinflammation is not a general feature of low-level blast injury.
NIST Determination of Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometer Hysteresis from −196 °C to 200 °C

The hysteresis of 26 industrial platinum resistance thermometers (IPRTs) at the ice melting point (ice MP, 0 °C) were investigated over the temperature ranges from −20 °C to 20 °C and from −196 °C ...
Annual and Perennial Peanut Mixed with ‘Pensacola’ Bahiagrass in North Florida

Fertilization of perennial grass pastures is a major expense in beef cattle operations, and grass pastures may degrade in the absence of N fertilization. Grass–legume mixtures can reduce the demand for N fertilizer use while increasing productivity of the system. Arachis spp. have shown potential for use in association with grasses in the southeastern United States. During 2014, 2015, and 2016, we evaluated one annual peanut species (Arachis hypogaea L. TUFRunner ‘727’) and two perennial peanut species, pintoi peanut (A. pintoi Krap. & W.C. Greg ‘Amarillo’) and rhizoma peanut (A. glabrata Benth. ‘Florigraze’ and germplasm Ecoturf), when planted into previously established ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) sod. Responses measured included herbage accumulation (HA), botanical composition, nutritive value, biological N₂ fixation, and belowground root-rhizome responses. TUFRunner 727 showed reseeding ability, illustrating potential for use as a short-term forage, but by 2016, its contribution was negligible. In 2016, Ecoturf–bahiagrass had greater HA than unfertilized bahiagrass (4160 and 2710 kg ha⁻¹, respectively), and the Ecoturf contribution to HA was ∼30% in 2016. Average N concentrations for Ecoturf and Florigraze were 25 and 22 g kg⁻¹, respectively, and in vitro digestible organic matter concentration was 700 g kg⁻¹ for both. Pintoi peanut contributed little to mixture HA in the first 2 yr, but it persisted and increased in proportion with time. Over the course of 3 yr, Ecoturf rhizoma peanut performed better than all other entries, exhibiting increasing participation in mixtures each year and the greatest total HA in 2016.
The Neuroanatomy of the Planarian Brain and Some Functional Implications

The planarians have been used extensively for studies on regeneration, morphogenesis, and, in the last decade, for provocative experiments on the chemical and cellular bases of memory. Yet, in spite of this interest in certain selected classes of phenomena which the planarians manifest, the anatomical and physiological substratum underlying these has been only imperfectly studied or known. This gap in the critical information needed to decipher fully this, now reasonably numerous, body of experiments has rendered it less valuable than it has the potential to be.
Abstract 5878: Protein Kinase C-Dependent Calcium Sensitization of Permeabilized Rat Lymphatic Muscle

The contractile activity of the muscle cells lining the walls of collecting lymphatics is responsible for generating and regulating flow within the lymphatic system. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) signaling contributes to the regulation of smooth muscle contraction by enhancing sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to Ca2+. It is currently unknown whether PKC signaling contributes to the regulation of lymphatic muscle contraction. We hypothesized that activation of PKC signaling would increase the sensitivity of the lymphatic myofilament to Ca2+. To test this hypothesis, we determined the effects of PKC activation with phorbol esters [phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA); phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu)] on the contractile behavior of α -toxin permeabilized rat mesenteric lymphatics. Addition of PMA or PDBu induced slowly developing, sustained contractions of lymphatic muscle under Ca2+-clamped conditions (at pCa 6.5, 0.06±0.01 mN/mm, control vs. 0.63±0.05 mN/mm, PMA; 0.63±0.05 mN/mm, PDBu; n=6; p
Mapping Stellar Evolution in the Wake of Density Waves in Ring Galaxies

We have been conducting multi-color observations of a sample of classical ring galaxies with the aim of using them to study the formation and evolution of massive stars. We compare theoretical predictions for the expected color of the material inside the rings assuming that massive stars are created in the wake of the expanding wave. We present ground based data for VIIZw466 and HST data for IIZw28 and the Cartwheel which show strong color gradients.
Person identification using full-body motion and anthropometric biometrics from kinect videos

For person identification, motion and anthropometric biometrics are known to be less sensitive to photometric differences and more robust to obstructions such as glasses, hair, and hats. Existing gait-based methods are based on the accurate identification and acquisition of the gait cycle. This typically requires the subject to repeatedly perform a single action using a costly motion-capture facility, or 2D videos in simple backgrounds where the person can be easily segmented and tracked. For person identification these manufactured requirements limit the use gait-based biometrics in real scenarios that may have a variety of actions with varying levels of complexity. We propose a new person identification method that uses motion and anthropometric biometrics acquired from an inexpensive Kinect RGBD sensor. Different from previous gait-based methods we use all the body joints found by the Kinect SDK to analyze the motion patterns and anthropometric features over the entire track sequence. We show the proposed method can identify people that perform different actions (e.g. walk and run) with varying levels of complexity. When compared to a state-of-the-art gait-based method that uses depth images produced by the Kinect sensor the proposed method demonstrated better person identity performance.
Your Institutional Support/Academic Environment

Institutional support is paramount for faculty advancement. There are multitudes of ways your institution is built to help you. In this chapter we will describe the second circle in the socioecological model (described in chapter “ The Framework for This Book: The Socio-Ecological Model”), your institution, and how the support of your institution is fundamental to your development as a researcher and scientist and to the development of your team. Although identifying what your institutional support is may feel like hide-and-seek, really this is seek-and-find. There is a lot out there; you just have to intentionally and purposefully look for it all.
The Impact of a Primary Prevention Program on Preschool Children's Social-Emotional Competence.

This quasi-experimental study compared children who were (or were not) exposed to a 28-week program designed to prevent aggressive behavior by teaching pro-social skills and social knowledge. Children in the experimental group increased significantly in teacher-ratings of cooperation, assertion, self-control, and total social skills, as well as in social knowledge as measured through an interview procedure. Children in the comparison group showed no significant improvements. Neither group showed changes in teacher ratings of externalizing or internalizing problem behaviors. Preliminary analyses suggest that the experimental group also showed reduction in observed aggressive behavior, while the comparison group did not. Changes within the experimental group differed according to whether the teacher had initially identified a child as high or as low in social competence. High competence children showed significant increase in cooperation and in total social skills, while low competence children showed significant increase in cooperation, assertion, total social skills, and social knowledge. The sample size for this study was small (37 subjects), and should be replicated with a larger sample. Results do, however add quasi-experimental support for the effectiveness of the program, and suggest that changes are due to the program, rather than to maturation.
The presence of bone marrow fibrosis is associated with poorer prognosis in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with immunomodulatory agents and/or proteasome inhibitors.

e19514Background: The treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) has evolved significantly with the advent of the immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PIs). While th...
Unemployment in multiple sclerosis across the ages: How factors of unemployment differ among the decades of life:

Rates of unemployment in multiple sclerosis are high. Certain disease, psychological, and person-specific factors contribute to these high rates. The present study examined these factors and associ...
Women in Management: Disrupting the Prescribed Gender Norms

Women are not new to management; however, they are still underrepresented in top-level management roles, and very few hold positions of power within education, business, religious institutions, politics, and so on. Research has shown that there is no lack of competent and skilled women to fill management positions, as women earn the majority of university degrees at most levels and more women are in the workplace today than before. Yet, female managers are outnumbered by their male counterparts in positions in businesses, universities, courts, as well as religious organizations by wide margins. Because men have been in the position of authority for so long, management positions are now seen as masculine. As a result, when some women become managers and display some traits that are considered masculine, they are perceived differently. The purpose of this chapter contribution is to explore the obstacles to women in management positions and offer recommendations on what individuals, employers, and policymakers can do to close gender gaps and diversify management positions that could result in the disruption of prescribed gender norms.
Radiographic and neurobehavioral profile of sports-related concussion associated with scholastic wrestling: a case report

Sports-related concussions (SRCs) are typically characterized by transient neurologic deficits due to physiologic and metabolic brain injury. However, following an SRC, subsequent insults may lead to severe and permanent injury in the affected brain cells. We present the case of a 15-year-old female scholastic wrestler who developed acute encephalopathy, macroscopic white matter injury on imaging, and chronic behavioral changes from inadequate neuro-recovery after a documented SRC. We also compare her case with established SRC data, demonstrating that wrestling-related concussions and repetitive head impacts can produce similar degrees of diffuse neuroinflammation, myelinated axonopathy, blood-brain barrier disruption, and post-concussive symptoms.
Sleep disturbance and sleep insufficiency in primary caregivers and their children with cystic fibrosis.

Abstract Background Chronically ill children and their parents are at risk for sleep disorders and associated morbidity. Sleep disturbance prevalence and the relationships between parent and child sleep among children with CF are not well defined. Clarifying the presence and impact of sleep disturbances among pediatric CF patients and their parents could lead to improved health in this population. Methods Cross-sectional study assessing parent-reported sleep in ninety-one CF patients (mean age 8.8 years; 53.8% female) and their primary caregivers. Sleep sufficiency determined using American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines; correlation coefficients computed for sleep problem domains; stepwise multiple linear regression determined predictive models for sleep duration. Results Parents reported concerns about their own sleep and that of their children. Night waking and daytime sleepiness were most common in parents; prolonged sleep latency was most common for children. Most parents and children had inadequate sleep duration. School-age children had the highest frequencies of overall sleep concerns and inadequate sleep. Most parent and child sleep problem domains were significantly associated, with large effects for similar parent and child problems. Stepwise multiple linear regression demonstrated that CF caregiver/patient sleep duration was significantly predicted by insomnia symptoms. Conclusions Many CF children and their parents experience sleep difficulties including inadequate sleep duration, with presence of sleep problems in many families whose children with CF had normal lung function. These data suggest that sleep health should be a CF Care Model component and should be a health care focus for families of children with other chronic illness.
Excitatory effect of acotiamide on rat and human bladder: Implications for underactive bladder treatment.

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether approved gastroprokinetic agent, acotiamide exerts a direct excitatory effect on bladder to help explain the reported meaningful reduction of post-void residual urine volume (PVR) in detrusor underactivity (DU) patients after thrice daily oral intake of acotiamide 100 mg for 2 weeks. Methods Effect of acotiamide [1–16 μM] was assessed on nerve-mediated contractions evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) for 5 s with 5 ms pulse trains of 10 V in longitudinal, mucosa intact rat and human bladder strips to construct frequency response curve (1–32 Hz) and repeat 10 Hz stimulation at 60s interval. Effect of acotiamide 2 μM on spontaneous and carbachol evoked contractions was also assessed. Results Acotiamide 2 μM significantly enhanced the Atropine and Tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive EFS evoked contractions of rat and human bladder at 8–32 Hz (Two-way ANOVA followed Sidak's multiple comparison; *p Conclusions Enhancement of TTX-sensitive evoked contractions of rat and human bladder by acotiamide is consistent with the enhancement of excitatory neuro-effector transmission mainly through prejunctional mechanisms. Findings highlight immense therapeutic potential of antimuscarinics with low M3 receptor affinity like acotiamide in Underactive bladder (UAB)/DU treatment.
Educating black youth through Hip-Hop studies

This essay explores educational performance between blacks and whites in the United States and the various reasons research has given for the education gap in America. It explores both the class and race based arguments for the gap, but interjects a cultural explanation and underlying “orienting concepts” as more salient reasons for the education gap. It debunk the “cultural deprivation model” for low by blacks, and argues for actually utilizing the prolific cultural contributions of black culture in teaching methodology, particularly in higher education. It explores Critical Race Theory, as well as Social Justice Hip-Hop Pedagogy theory to examine alternative explanations for the problem and methods to ameliorate it. Through the use of one case study, examples of how Hip-Hop Studies is shown to achieve success in making education relevant to university students of color, and black students in particular, which has implications for elementary and secondary education as well.
Identification, Assignment, and Characterization of Low-Frequency Dynamics in Microplastic Pollutants

As single-use plastics have become more widely used, the proper disposal of such products becomes increasingly critical. Unfortunately, these materials have not traditionally been properly disposed of, and have polluted the environment from rivers to oceans. In order to study and combat the tolls this has taken on the environment, the broken-down plastics, known as microplastics, must be identified and characterized, which can be done through vibrational spectroscopy. Low-frequency vibrational spectra provide insights into the bulk and molecular structures, and is a promising tool for microplastic characterization.
Immune Function Testing and Long-Term Immune-Related Outcomes among Heart Transplant Recipients

Purpose The Cylex ImmuKnow (IK) assay, a rapid quantitative assessment of T-cell-mediated function, is used to monitor immunosuppression among heart transplant (HT) recipients. It is unclear whether the IK assay can aid in characterizing the long-term risk of adverse immune-related events among HT recipients. Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective, cohort study of all single organ HT recipients from 2014 to 2018. The IK assay divided subjects into low, moderate, or high immune response categories at 6-month, 1-, and 2-year intervals. IK assay categorization was correlated to the primary composite outcome which included acute cellular rejection, antibody-mediated rejection, development of donor-specific antibodies, coronary allograft vasculopathy, and death over 2 years of follow-up. Results 134 single organ HT recipients were included (median age 56.5 years, 70% male). On an immunosuppressive regimen of tacrolimus, prednisone, and mycophenolate mofetil, most subjects had low and moderate immune response levels at 6 months (53% low vs 37% moderate vs 10% high). A higher proportion of subjects exhibited moderate immune response at 1 (44% low vs 47% moderate vs 9% high) and 2 years (29% vs 60% vs 11%). The composite outcome occurred in 14% of subjects by 6 months, 35% by 1 year, and 36% by 2 years. There was no difference in the rate of the composite outcome or its individual components between the immune response groups at any of the time points (Fig. 1B). The relative change in an individual's IK score between timepoints was not associated with the composite outcome. Conclusion On standard immunosuppression, a majority of HT recipients exhibit low to moderate immune response per the IK assay. The IK assay reflects expected increases in immune function with reduced immunosuppression. IK assay-based immune response categorization does not appear to aid in identifying HT recipients at risk for adverse immune-related events in the long-term. The results are limited by the sample size and low event rates.