cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Native Epistemology and Dancing

In this chapter, I tie together the discoveries of contemporary cognitive embodied metaphor with the significance of both the body and dance in knowing processes of Native American epistemology. I maintain, that because the mind is inherently embodied, dance is the epicenter of knowing praxes because the dancing body contains and displays embodied metaphors that operate as a narrative. I argue that the stories communicated through dance are able to be taken up by the viewer. It is not that viewers impute subjective meaning qua subjective interpretation to the rendering of the dance; rather, the story is told and taken up in as much of an objective fashion as are traditional oral narratives—story through the body does not bequeath to us less knowledge of the story and storyteller, it often tells us more. To do so, I employ the schema of embodied cognitive metaphor to dance as a performative, communicative action and process as capable of initiating and sustaining relations of ethical interdependence between dancer and viewer vis-a-vis the power of the dance so that stories that need not or cannot be spoken may yet be given voice so that they may be created and shared.
#MeToo is different for college students: Media framing of campus sexual assault, its causes, and proposed solutions:

This study analyzes 10 American newspapers to examine how they present stories (N = 500) about sexual assault on college campuses. Attributions for causes are examined, and which entities are frame...
Antimicrobial and antifouling polymeric coating mitigates persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm

AbstractFood wasted due to food spoilage remains a global challenge to the environmental sustainability and security of food supply. In food manufacturing, post-processing contamination of food can...
Enhancing Physical Human Evasion of Moving Threats Using Tactile Cues

New human-centric approaches to safety can combine over-head camera views with situational awareness tools to enable humans to avoid rapidly evolving threats such as moving machines or falling debris. This article explores how 360° information can be used to inform humans of potential collisions. Specifically, we quantify how different individual (tactile, audio, and visual) and combined cue modalities affect failure rates and reaction times. Human-subject experiments were conducted in a custom virtual reality environment that simulates objects rapidly moving toward the subject. In order to successfully perform their task, the human subject must physically move their body out of the path of the moving threat before a collision occurs. This exploration of full body physical response differentiates this article from previous related studies. The results of the 18-subject study provide quantified data on a range of cues and cue combinations. The study quantified failure rates and reaction times as a function of index of difficulty (Fitt's Law) and threat directionality. The results confirm the hypothesis that the addition of tactile cues statistically improve performance compared to non-tactile cues with regards to failure rate and reaction time. This demonstrates how sensory cues can improve human physical response to rapid threats.
CORR® Curriculum-Orthopaedic Education: Teaching the Intricacies of the Surgeon-Industry Relationship.

The longstanding relationship between orthopaedic surgeons and the medical-device industry invites claims of potential bias and conflict of interest for even the most cautious and meticulous of surgeons [1, 2, 4, 5, 11]. Considering the dollar amounts involved, I believe this scrutiny is warranted. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) maintains the Physicians Payment Sunshine Act database, which discloses industry payments to physicians and institutions. According to CMS’s Open Payments database (https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov), orthopaedic surgeons account for 3.4% of all doctors receiving payments, but receive 25.4% of the money. In 2018, CMS reported USD 9.35 billion for all doctors [3, 7, 10]. While most institutions have policies (and often online modules) guiding surgeons on the best practices for handling conflicts of interest, residents often are unfamiliar with these policies unless they have been involved in a situation where the topic specifically comes up, such as trying to attend a vendor-sponsored course. As they should, orthopaedic programs follow institutional policies, but in my experience, most do little beyond that for resident education. This is partly because the educational curriculum is already fairly dense, and partly because opinions often differ among faculty as to what exactly proper conduct should look like. Residency programs should develop formal curricula on surgeon-vendor relationships. But until those come along, here are some tips for program directors on how to approach conflict of interest issues with their residents.
Communication and resilience: introduction to the Journal of Applied Communication Research special issue

ABSTRACTThis special issue of the Journal of Applied Communication Research is focused on communication and resilience. The issue contains seven articles that consider communicative aspects of indi...
Survival Analysis of Allografting and Antiprotrusio Cage in Treating Massive Acetabular Bone Defects

Abstract Background Massive acetabular bone defects reconstructed with allografting and antiprotrusio cage in revision hip arthroplasty is less reported in the literature. We here report a series of 84 antiprotrusio cages and analyze the risk factors associated with failure. Methods All instances of use of an antiprotrusio cage for massive acetabular defect (Paprosky type IIc, III, and pelvic discontinuity) between 2002 and 2017 in the authors’ institute were reviewed after institutional review board’s approval. Survival analyses based on clinical data, bone defect (Paprosky system), type of allograft, size of cage, fixation quality, and position of cage were performed. Failure was defined as cage loosening or breakage, poor hip function, or cage revision for any reason. Results A total of 84 cages in 77 patients (mean age, 62.9 years), with a mean follow-up period of 6.2 years, had a survival rate of 82.1%. Failure was noted in 15 hips, including mechanical failure in 8 hips, recurrent dislocation in 1 hip, poor hip function in 1 hip, and periprosthetic joint infection in 5 hips. Pelvic discontinuity, reconstruction with morselized allograft alone, and fewer than 4 fixation points to the host bone were associated with higher failure rates (hazard ratios, 4.02, 3.42, and 9.9, respectively). Conclusion We found that an antiprotrusio cage combined with strut allografts, fixed securely to the host bone (>4 fixation points), are beneficial for the management of massive acetabular bone defects. However, pelvic discontinuity remains a challenge that warrants the further study of technical or prosthetic innovations, such as triﬂange implants, cup cage, and 3D-printed implants.
Identifying and assessing the impact of key neighborhood-level determinants on geographic variation in stroke: a machine learning and multilevel modeling approach.

Stroke is a chronic cardiovascular disease that puts major stresses on U.S. health and economy. The prevalence of stroke exhibits a strong geographical pattern at the state-level, where a cluster of southern states with a substantially higher prevalence of stroke has been called the stroke belt of the nation. Despite this recognition, the extent to which key neighborhood characteristics affect stroke prevalence remains to be further clarified. We generated a new neighborhood health data set at the census tract level on nearly 27,000 tracts by pooling information from multiple data sources including the CDC’s 500 Cities Project 2017 data release. We employed a two-stage modeling approach to understand how key neighborhood-level risk factors affect the neighborhood-level stroke prevalence in each state of the US. The first stage used a state-of-the-art Bayesian machine learning algorithm to identify key neighborhood-level determinants. The second stage applied a Bayesian multilevel modeling approach to describe how these key determinants explain the variability in stroke prevalence in each state. Neighborhoods with a larger proportion of older adults and non-Hispanic blacks were associated with neighborhoods with a higher prevalence of stroke. Higher median household income was linked to lower stroke prevalence. Ozone was found to be positively associated with stroke prevalence in 10 states, while negatively associated with stroke in five states. There was substantial variation in both the direction and magnitude of the associations between these four key factors with stroke prevalence across the states. When used in a principled variable selection framework, high-performance machine learning can identify key factors of neighborhood-level prevalence of stroke from wide-ranging information in a data-driven way. The Bayesian multilevel modeling approach provides a detailed view of the impact of key factors across the states. The identified major factors and their effect mechanisms can potentially aid policy makers in developing area-based stroke prevention strategies.
Leveraging redundancy in attention with Reuse Transformers.

Pairwise dot product-based attention allows Transformers to exchange information between tokens in an input-dependent way, and is key to their success across diverse applications in language and vision. However, a typical Transformer model computes such pairwise attention scores repeatedly for the same sequence, in multiple heads in multiple layers. We systematically analyze the empirical similarity of these scores across heads and layers and find them to be considerably redundant, especially adjacent layers showing high similarity. Motivated by these findings, we propose a novel architecture that reuses attention scores computed in one layer in multiple subsequent layers. Experiments on a number of standard benchmarks show that reusing attention delivers performance equivalent to or better than standard transformers, while reducing both compute and memory usage.
Dietary Protein and Cancer

The average life expectancy for Americans has increased by almost 25 years since 1900. Eighty-five years ago infectious diseases were the leading cause of death. In the growing population of industrial workers of that time, accidents were also a major cause of morbidity and shortened lifespan. The significant gains in life expectancy have been largely due to improved preventive measures facilitated by advances in sanitation, nutrition, and industrial health. Prolongation of survival has produced a population of aged people with high rates of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Together, these diseases currently account for approximately 70% of deaths in the United States. Consequently, a major fraction of our health care expenditures and allocations of funds for biomedical research has been directed to the treatment of these diseases. Despite these efforts, overall age-adjusted mortality from cancer has remained remarkably constant, although there have been dramatic reductions in mortality from some of the rarer forms of neoplasia, like Hodgkin’s disease, childhood leukemia, and testicular cancer. The slow progress in the therapy of major cancers, as perceived by the public and lawmakers, has stimulated a resurgence of interest in cancer causation and prevention.
Tennis Racket and Ball Responses during Impact under Clamped and Freestanding Conditions

Abstract Selected responses of a tennis racket and ball during the impact phase were investigated in an attempt to establish the influence of grip firmness on ball velocity after impact. Two extreme conditions of grip firmness were considered: (a) when the grip of the racket was firmly clamped to a rigid metal support frame and (b) when the racket was allowed to stand freely on its butt with no other means of support. The study was conducted in two parts: 1. Three multiple-exposure photographs were taken of ball impacts on a variety of rackets with different constructions, flexibilities, string types, and string tensions under the two conditions of grip firmness. Measurements were taken from enlargements of these photographs in order to calculate the horizontal component of post- to pre-impact ball velocity. 2. A high-speed cinematographic analysis was conducted of one ball-racket impact under both conditions of grip firmness. It was found that the magnitude of the impulse applied by the racket to the bal...
Psychosocial interventions in chronic medical illness. An overview of outcome research.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that psychopathology is common in the medically ill, affects the course of medical illness, and is associated with increased health care costs. Recent controlled trials have demonstrated that psychosocial interventions in the medically ill can improve both psychosocial and medical outcomes. Although an important aim of current research is to assess the cost effectiveness of such interventions, the meaning and significance of “cost effectiveness,” “cost benefit,” and “cost offset” are frequently misunderstood. An overview of outcome research will be used to illuminate the promise and the limitations of such studies, with special attention to bias in research design.
Role of reversing factor in the inhibition of protein synthesis initiation by oxidized glutathione.

The inhibitions of protein synthesis initiation in heme-deficient reticulocyte lysates and in GSSG-treated hemin-supplemented lysates are both characterized by the activation of heme-regulated eIF-2 alpha kinase, which phosphorylates the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF-2). In both inhibitions, the accumulation of eIF phosphorylated in alpha-subunit (eIF-2(alpha P)) leads to the sequestration of reversing factor (RF) in a phosphorylated 15 S complex, RF.eIF-2(alpha P), in which RF is nonfunctional. A sensitive assay for the detection of endogenous RF activity in protein-synthesizing lysates indicates that, in GSSG-inhibited (1 mM GSSG) lysates, RF is more profoundly inhibited than in heme-deficient lysates. RF inactivation in GSSG-induced inhibition appears to be due to two separate but additive effects: (i) the formation of the phosphorylated 15 S RF complex, RF.eIF-2(alpha P), and (ii) the formation of disulfide complexes which inhibit RF activity. Both inhibitory effects are overcome by catalytic levels of exogenous RF which permits the resumption of protein synthesis. RF activity and protein synthesis in GSSG-inhibited lysates are efficiently restored by the delayed addition of glucose-6-P or 2-deoxyglucose-6-P (1 mM). The rescue of protein synthesis by hexose phosphate (1 mM) is proportional to the extent of RF recovery and is due in part to NADPH generation; even at levels of hexose phosphate (50 microM) too low to support protein synthesis, partial restoration of RF activity occurs due to increased NADPH/NADP+ ratios. The ability of dithiothreitol (1 mM) to restore RF activity in GSSG-treated but not heme-deficient lysates also provides evidence for a reducing mechanism which functions at the level of RF. The results suggest that NADPH plays a role in the maintenance of sulfhydryl groups essential for RF activity.
Oceanic Types and Their Controls

Oceans occupy some 70 % of the Earth’s surface and extend from the North Pole to the shores of Antarctica. There are great differences in the character of the oceans, and these differences are of fundamental importance, both in the geography of the oceans themselves, and to the climatic patterns of the whole Earth. The surface of the ocean is differentiated into regions, or zones, with different hydrologic properties resulting from unevenness in the action of solar radiation and other phenomena of the climate of the atmosphere.
In Vitro Demonstration of Complement-Dependent Cytotoxic Antibodies to Moloney Sarcoma Cells

An in vitro microcytotoxicity assay was used to demonstrate complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies to Moloney sarcoma virus-induced cells throughout the stages of tumor progression and regression in BALB/c mice. Complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies were present in the sera of mice whose tumors were in the late stages of tumor growth, and most consistently in the sera of mice whose tumors had completely regressed (regressors). Regressor sera were strongly cytotoxic for at least 125 days after the onset of tumor regression. Preliminary evidence indicates that the complement-dependent cytotoxic antibody in regressor sera is a 7S immunoglobulin.
Workgroup middleware for distributed projects

We have developed a middleware framework for workgroup environments that can support distributed software development and a variety of other application domains requiring document management and change management for distributed projects. The framework enables hypermedia based integration of arbitrary legacy and new information resources available via a range of protocols, nor necessarily known in advance to us as the general framework developers not even to the environment instance designers. The repositories in which such information resides may be dispersed across the Internet and/or an organizational intranet. The framework also permits a range of client models for user and tool interaction, and applies an extensible suite of collaboration services, including but not limited to multi-participant workflow and coordination, to their information retrievals and updates. That is, the framework is interposed between clients, services and repositories thus "middleware". We explain how our framework makes it easy to realize a comprehensive collection of workgroup and workflow features we culled from a requirements survey conducted by NASA.
CHANGES IN SERUM AND URINARY LH/FSH RATIO DURING PUBERTY

Serum gonadotropin responses after GnRH stimulation and secretion of LH and FSH in nocturnal urine samples were measured by ultrasensitive time-resolved immnunofluorometric assay, for 95 subjects (62 boys, 33 girls; age 2-14 yrs) with non-endocrine short stature or obesity. The subjects were classified according to sex and pubertal stage. The prepubertal children were divided into two groups, according to chronological age (below or above 10 yrs). The basal and peak serum LH levels after GnRH stimulation and urinary LH showed a gradual increase throughout the pubertal development, while changes in FSH were not as remarkable as for LH. The peak LH/peak FSH ratio after GnRH stimulation and urinary LH/FSH ratio reliably discriminated between prepubertal and early pubertal groups. The reference ranges (mean-SD-mean+SD, after logarithmic transformation) of serum peak LH/peak FSH ratio in prepubertal group and early pubertal group were 0.28-0.55, 1.4-3.4 in boys and 0.09-0.25, 0.74-1.4 in girls, respectively, while urinary LH/FSH ratio in each group ranged 0.03-0.13, 0.37-1.1 in boys and 0.02-0.07, 0.14-0.36 in girls, respectively.
The Internet2 distributed storage infrastructure project: an architecture for internet content channels

Abstract The strategy of the Internet2-distributed Storage Infrastructure is to promote the development of innovative applications by focusing on Internet channels that enable differential investment in infrastructure to support specific services and content. In our sense a channel is a collection of content which can be transparently delivered to end user communities at a chosen cost/performance point through a flexible, policy-based application of resources. Three key elements of this approach are focusing on collections of content, policy-based application of resources through replication, and transparent delivery to end users. The resulting architectural developments may be as important to the commodity Internet as to next generation applications.
Screening Naturalistic Driving Study Data for Safety-Critical Events

This study responds to the need to screen events observed during naturalistic driving studies to derive a set of crashes and near crashes with common etiologies; these crashes are referred to as "well-defined surrogate events." Two factors are critical to the identification of these well-defined surrogate events: selection of screening criteria and the designation of a time window to be used for event search. Testing conducted by using an algorithm developed in a previous study is described. The algorithm allows for the use of a range of search criteria to identify events with common etiology from unrefined naturalistic driving data. A range of kinematic search criteria was used to screen events, including lateral and longitudinal accelerations averaged over different time windows and characterized by average as well as maximum values during a time window. The testing was conducted with data from road departure events collected during a concluded 100-car naturalistic driving study. Fifty-one nonintersection and 12 intersection-related run-off-road events were included in the testing. Different sets of events were identified with different search criteria and different time windows. Diagnostic tools borrowed from medicine identified the best screening criteria and time windows. The methods allowed for enhanced identification of well-defined surrogates by using covariates such as driver attribute context and driver fatigue. The research illustrates a flexible procedure that uses a variety of statistical methods shown to effectively screen crashes and near crashes.
CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM IN THE GESNERIACEAE

Examen des caracteristiques des echanges gazeux, de l'anatomie foliaire et de l'enzymologie de 2 especes neotropicales Codonanthe crassifolia et Columnea linearis et de 2 especes paleotropicales Aeschynanthus pulcher et Saintpaulia ionantha
Sensory and Physical Properties of a Reduced-Calorie Frozen Dessert System Made with Milk Fat and Sucrose Substitutes

Effects of milk fat and sucrose substitutes on selected physical and sensory properties of a frozen dessert system were evaluated by sensory and instrumental methods. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in textural attributes between sucrose and polydextrose-aspartame in freshly prepared frozen desserts and few differences after storage (140 d). Polydextroseaspartame effectively compensated for functional properties that normally are conferred by sucrose and some that are conferred by milk fat. Replacement of milk fat with tapioca dextrin or potato maltodextrin increased coarseness and wateriness and decreased creaminess relative to the control. Perception of chalkiness increased more with increased tapioca dextrin than with increased potato maltodextrin. Few or no significant differences among the frozen desserts were noted for the sensory attributes of coldness, gumminess, and mouth coating. Physical measurements did not relate highly to the sensory responses.
Regulation of Hepatitis B Virus Replication by the Ras-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway

The replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be regulated by a variety of factors, including hormones, growth factors, and cytokines. However, the molecular mechanisms of these regulations are largely unknown. Ras is a small GTPase that responds to many of these external stimuli. In this study, we investigated the possible effect of Ras on the replication of HBV. Our results indicated that activated Ras could suppress the replication of HBV in both Huh7 and HepG2 cells. This suppression was independent of the X protein and most likely occurred at the transcriptional level. Deletion-mapping analysis of the HBV core promoter and its upstream ENI and ENII enhancers revealed multiple elements responsive to activated Ras. This suppression of HBV replication by activated Ras was apparently mediated by the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, as it was accompanied by activation of ERK1/2 and abolished by the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. Our results thus indicate that external stimuli may suppress HBV replication through the Ras-MAP kinase pathway.
The local climate–development nexus: Jatropha and smallholder adaptation in Tamil Nadu, India

The Kyoto Protocol has initiated Clean Development Mechanism projects in developing countries as one means to offset carbon emitted in developed nations. Biofuels may be a viable solution, but we argue here that it may also compete with local smallholder farming systems and labour resources. This study assesses the integration of tree bio-diesel crop Jatropha curcas into smallholder agriculture in Tamil Nadu, India using data collected from 66 farms through surveys and interviews. Jatropha cultivation carries significant risks for the smallholders. Jatropha competes for space and harvest labour with other market and subsistence crops and does not produce any economic returns until three years after planting. If the jatropha harvests or market price fail or fluctuate, smallholders could default on their loans. This risk could lead to significant changes in the land-holding class structure. Climate change policies, non-governmental organizationss, and national and regional governments should support landhol...
ABSOLUTE CROSS SECTIONS FOR DEUTERONS ON BERYLLIUM

The absolute cross section for the reactions of deuterons on beryllium which produce titrium and ${\mathrm{Be}}^{10}$ have been measured up to energies of 17 to 20 million electron volts. Data of Dejong, Endt, and Simons show no threshold which is as expected for exothermic ($d, p$) and ($d, t$) processes. For the reaction producing ${\mathrm{Be}}^{10}$, which is equivalent to the introduction of a neutron into the beryllium nucleus by the bombarding deuteron, the cross section rises to a peak value of about 0.34 barn, at about 4 Mev. It then falls almost linearly to the low value of 0.08 barn at 20 Mev. There are evidences of fine structure in the curve but it is possible that these are not really significant. The reaction producing tritium rises to a peak value of about 0.23 barn at about 5 Mev and then falls to a low value of about 0.03 barn at 13 Mev. The reaction cross section appears to remain essentially constant at this low value although it may rise slightly as the energy is raised to about 20 Mev. A new reaction producing tritium begins at 17.47 Mev, namely one which produces both tritium and ${\mathrm{Be}}^{7}$ simultaneously. This corresponds to the ejection of both a triton and a neutron as a result of the deuteron ${\mathrm{Be}}^{9}$ collision. This cross section rises from zero at the threshold linearly to a value of 8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ barn at 21.5 Mev.
Effect of deep UV (172 nm) irradiation on PET: ToF/SIMS analysis

Irradiation of PET with 172 nm UV light in the absence of oxygen induces carbonyl elimination and carboxylic acid formation. Using ToF/SIMS to examine irradiated and as received materials with and without deuteration provides insight into the mechanisms. A Norrish type II mechanism is indicated for acid group formation and the mechanism of Day and Wiles [J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 16 (1972) 175; Polym. Lett. 9 (1971) 665] for decarbonylation.
The Politics of Mobility and Business Elites in Atlanta, Georgia

In this paper I examine how the politics of mobility is an important factor when considering the contentious nature of urban growth debates. By a politics of mobility I mean the political struggle over what type of transportation mode—be it automobile, transit, or walking—is developed in a city, and how urban space is configured to make various modes functional. More importantly, the politics of mobility is an extension of competing and contested ideologies and normative values about how the city should be configured and for whom. I provide a case study of Atlanta, Georgia's business elites and their negotiation of the politics of mobility as they confronted a mobility crisis of congestion and air pollution. This paper provides a platform for further comparative research on urban growth debates in an era of increasing environmental and social problems stemming from transportation policy.
Mechanisms of Pearlite Spheroidization

A study of the mechanisms of pearlite spheroidization under static annealing conditions was carried out in two materials — AISI 1080 steel and pure Fe-C alloy. By electrolytically etching away the ferrite matrix, the morphology of the cementite phase was directly investigatedvia SEM and TEM techniques. It was clearly observed that the initiation and development of spheroidization are associated with morphological faults such as terminations, holes, and fissures in the cementite plates. During spheroidization the recession of terminations and the expansion of holes and fissures led to the break-up of large cementite plates into small segments. The migration of these faults is anisotropic. The preferred orientations, [010] and [210] directions in the (001) cementite plane, were determined by TEM analysis. This anisotropic morphological change is attributed to the anisotropy of the α/Fe3C interfacial energy. All the experimental evidence strongly supports the idea that the fault migration theory is the main mechanism governing spheroidization.
An experimental study of three-body abrasive wear

Abstract Three-body abrasive wear has been studied using a column of abrasive contained in a tube and pressed against a rotating metal disc. The weight loss of the disc owing to abrasion was examined as a function of the length of the wear path, load, speed, abrasive size, abrasive hardness, metal hardness and temperature. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the mechanism of material removal. Similarities and differences between three-body abrasion tests and two-body abrasion results are pointed out.
Dentistry in Denmark: A Public and Private Blend of Dental Policy and Delivery

The evolution and structure of dental health care policy and delivery in Denmark are described from a cultural, historical, and political perspective. Current problems and controversies are defined, and benefits and limitations of the Danish dental system are discussed.
Consistent Truncation of {Kaluza-Klein} Theories

Abstract We show that a Kaluza-Klein theory can be truncated to a four-dimensional theory with a finite number of gauge and matter fields. The truncation is consistent with respect to four-dimensional coordinate and gauge transformations. We give a truncation of eleven-dimensional supergravity compactified on the round seven-sphere that is consistent under the bosonic symmetries of the theory.
The Impact of Coercion on Services From the Perspective of Mental Health Care Consumers With Co-occurring Disorders

Objective: Disengagement from services by people with serious mental illnesses continues to be a major challenge for the mental health system. Assertive community treatment combined with Housing First services is an intervention targeted toward consumers whom the system has failed to engage. The processes involved in engaging and maintaining consumers in mental health services play an important role but remain an understudied aspect of the intervention. This study examined the social interaction between consumers and case managers from the perspective of consumers. Methods: Seventy service contacts between unique consumer–case manager dyads were sampled. Consumers with co-occurring serious mental illness and substance use disorders completed interviews after each service contact. They provided information on sociodemographic characteristics, service contact characteristics, consumer-provider relationship, utilization of coercive strategies, perceived coercion, and service contact evaluation. Multivariate regression analyses examined the association of consumer-provider relationship and perceived coercion with service contact evaluation. Results: Consumer-provider relationship was negatively associated with perceived coercion (effect size=.08). Perceived coercion was negatively associated with service contact evaluation (effect size=.34). Perceived coercion was positively associated with time in the program (effect size=.17) and negatively associated with length of the service contact (effect size=.14). Effect sizes ranging from .08 to .34 are typically considered small to medium. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that for consumers, a positive response to service contacts indicated that they did not feel coerced. With consumers whose connection to services is tenuous, an immediate positive response to service contacts may be vital to maintain engagement. Research is needed to identify supportive case manager strategies that facilitate relationship building. (Psychiatric Services 60:183–188, 2009)
Spermatic cord tuberculoma

Abstract A thirty-two-year-old male was treated with radical orchiectomy for an asymptomatic spermatic cord mass which proved to be tuberculosis. This is the sixth reported case of spermatic cord tuberculosis without apparent disease elsewhere.
Rates of OH radical reactions. XII: The reactions of OH with c-C3H6, c-C5H10, and c-C7H14. Correlation of hydroxyl rate constants with bond dissociation energies

Absolute rate constants for H-atom abstraction by OH radicals from cyclopropane, cyclopentane, and cycloheptane have been determined in the gas phase at 298 K. Hydroxyl radicals were generated by flash photolysis of H2O vapor in the vacuum UV, and monitored by time-resolved resonance absorption at 308.2 nm [OH(A2Σ+X2Π)]. The rate constants in units of cm3 mol−1 s−1 at the 95% confidence limits were as follows: k(cC3H6) = (3.74 ± 0.83) × 1010, k(cC5H10) = (3.12 ± 0.23) × 1012, k(cC7H14) = (7.88 ± 1.38) × 1012. A linear correlation was found to exist between the logarithm of the rate constant per CH bond and the corresponding bond dissociation energy for several classes of organic compounds with equivalent CH bonds. The correlation favors a value of D(cC3H5–H) = (101 ± 2) kcal mol−1.
Ectopic recurrence of craniopharyngioma after an interhemispheric transcallosal approach: case report.

Objective and importance Ectopic recurrence of a craniopharyngioma is a rare postoperative complication. We present a case of a craniopharyngioma that ectopically recurred along the tract of a previous surgical route. Clinical presentation A 73-year-old female patient presented 8 years earlier with a suprasellar craniopharyngioma. She underwent a right frontal craniotomy, with an interhemispheric transcallosal approach, for total microsurgical resection of the tumor. No postoperative radiotherapy was administered. Four years after surgery, magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed a well-circumscribed, heterogeneously enhancing, parasagittal mass with significant vasogenic edema in the right frontal lobe. Enlargement of the lesion was noted in subsequent radiological evaluations until 8 years after surgery, when the patient experienced a significant decline in neurocognitive status and the mass was surgically resected. Intervention Gross total resection of a histologically confirmed craniopharyngioma was achieved. Conclusion To our knowledge, only eight previous case reports described the ectopic recurrence of a craniopharyngioma. Transplantation of tumor cells along the tract of a previous surgical route in six cases and dissemination in cerebrospinal fluid in two cases are presumed to be the primary mechanisms by which these ectopic recurrences occurred. The results of our literature review led us to conclude that total surgical resection, combined with careful inspection and irrigation of the surgical field, is the optimal treatment for preventing ectopic recurrences. Furthermore, it is recommended that, after primary craniopharyngioma resection, patients undergo long-term clinical and radiological follow-up monitoring for the rare development of an ectopically recurring tumor.
Endoscopic reconstruction of vesicourethral obliteration after retropubic prostatectomy

Complete vesicourethral obliteration after retropubic prostatectomy presents a challenging reconstructive problem. We report on 4 men with complete vesicourethral obliteration after radical (n = 3) or simple (n = 1) retropubic prostatectomy in which an antegrade-retrograde endoscopic approach was used to obtain durable urethral patency, with preservation of urinary continence and potency.
Commuting dual billiard maps

To a closed convex smooth curve in the plane the dual billiard transformation of its exterior corresponds: given a point outside of the curve, draw a tangent line to it through the point, and reflect the point in the point of tangency. We prove that if two curves are given, such that the corresponding dual billiard transformations commute, then the curves are concentric homothetic ellipses.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Flow-Gradient Patterns in Severe Aortic Stenosis With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of Survival”

We thank Dr Abergel and colleagues for their interest in our study.1 We completely agree that the careful measurement of peak aortic valve velocity in multiple imaging windows is necessary for the accurate classification of severity, and may in part explain the lower prevalence of low-gradient severe aortic stenosis in our study in comparison with previous reports. Regarding the impact of obesity on the accurate assessment of aortic stenosis, for patients at extreme ends of the body mass index (BMI), it is possible that the use of variables corrected for BMI or body surface …
Task complexity and contingent processing in decision making: An information search and protocol analysis☆

Abstract Two process tracing techniques, explicit information search and verbal protocols, were used to examine the information processing strategies subjects use in reaching a decision. Subjects indicated preferences among apartments. The number of alternatives available and number of dimensions of information available was varied across sets of apartments. When faced with a two alternative situation, the subjects employed search strategies consistent with a compensatory decision process. In contrast, when faced with a more complex (multialternative) decision task, the subjects employed decision strategies designed to eliminate some of the available alternatives as quickly as possible and on the basis of a limited amount of information search and evaluation. The results demonstrate that the information processing leading to choice will vary as a function of task complexity. An integration of research in decision behavior with the methodology and theory of more established areas of cognitive psychology, such as human problem solving, is advocated.
A new species of Senna ser. Bacillares (Caesalpiniaceae, Cassiinae) from Bolivia.

Senna coimbrae M. Nee & Barneby is described and illustrated from plants indigenous in the Jardin Botanico de Santa Cruz, Bolivia. In the context of ser.Bacillares, of which it has the general aspect and morphology, the syndrome of two nectaries on each leafstalk, almost homomorphic fertile stamens, and short, relatively few-seeded pod is distinctive.
THE ROLE OF RACE AND ETHNICITY IN PAROLE DECISIONS

The parole board plays an integral part in the reentry of offenders into the community from prison in most states; yet, little is known about the decision-making practices of this group. In particular, few studies have used quantitative data to examine parole among a large group of offenders, and less is known about the direct and joint effects of race and ethnicity on this decision point. We extend previous work by considering variation in parole timing among a sample of young, serious offenders incarcerated in one state. Results from a series of proportional hazard models reveal substantial variation in parole timing. Consistent with the existing theoretical research on parole, parole actors are most concerned with community protection and heavily weigh measures of the current offense, institutional behavior, and the official parole guidelines score. The direct effects of race and ethnicity were also revealed. Black offenders spent a longer time in prison awaiting parole compared with white offenders, and the racial and ethnic differences are maintained net of legal and individual demographic and community characteristics. These findings provide important insight into the parole process and augment the existing theoretical work on disparities in decision making.
Tissue optical clearing devices: Effects of water content on the hyperelastic mechanical properties of ex vivo porcine skin

Skin is a highly anisotropic and heterogeneous material composed of water, proteins, and various cells arranged in several different layers. Because of this complex structure, there is a large mismatch in index of refraction between the tissue constituents, creating a highly scattering medium for near-infrared and visible light. “Tissue optical clearing” methods can improve light transmission through tissues, potentially improving optical imaging techniques and photoirradiative treatments [1]. Dehydration has been suggested as a possible mechanism of optical clearing [2], and previous work has demonstrated mechanical loading as a method of creating reversible localized water displacement in skin using novel tissue optical clearing devices (TOCDs) [3–4]. These TOCDs were hypothesized to increase light transmission by displacing water locally in the tissue, causing local dehydration. A model of the mechanical behavior of skin will enable improvement of current TOCDs that utilize local mechanical compression.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Amphetamine effects on brain slow potentials associated with discrimination in the rat.

Slow potentials were recorded from the anterior cortex of rats during discrimination conditioning and the effects of various doses of d-amphetamine on these responses were examined. In the discrimination paradigm one tone (Sd) was followed at three sec after the onset by food reinforcement while another tone (SΔ) indicated that no reinforcement would follow. Slow potential (SP) responses were measured during the three-sec period following onset of the stimulus. For the first several training sessions the SP responses demonstrated a phase of generalization during which responses were the same to both stimuli. Thereafter, the responses to Sd were significantly greater than responses to SΔ. d-Amphetamine produced a dose-related depression of SP responses to the reinforced stimulus in doses of 0.25 to 2.0 mg/kg. The effect of amphetamine on SP responses to SΔ was biphasic; the lower doses (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) enhanced responses, no charge was seen after 1.0 mg/kg and the high dose (2.0 mg/kg) depressed responses. This study demonstrates that the rat developes differential slow potential responses to reinforced and nonreinforced stimuli in a discrimination paradigm and that d-amphetamine may be produced through interference with mechanisms of discrimination, by an effect on subcortical activating systems involving norepinephrine, and/or by activation of inhibitory dopamine receptors on cortical neurons.
Improved immunogenicity with high-dose seasonal influenza vaccine in HIV-infected persons: a single-center, parallel, randomized trial.

Background HIV-infected persons have less robust antibody responses to influenza vaccines. Objective To compare the immunogenicity of high-dose influenza vaccine with that of standard dosing in HIV-positive participants. Design Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01262846) Setting The MacGregor Clinic of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, from 27 October 2010 to 27 March 2011. Participants HIV-infected persons older than 18 years. Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a standard dose (15 mcg of antigen per strain) or a high dose (60 mcg/strain) of the influenza trivalent vaccine. Measurements The primary end point was the rate of seroprotection, defined as antibody titers of 1:40 or greater on the hemagglutination inhibition assay 21 to 28 days after vaccination. The primary safety end point was frequency and intensity of adverse events. Secondary end points were seroconversion rate (defined as a greater than 4-fold increase in antibody titers) and the geometric mean antibody titer. Results 195 participants enrolled, and 190 completed the study (93 in the standard-dose group and 97 in the high-dose group). The seroprotection rates after vaccination were higher in the high-dose group for the H1N1 (96% vs. 87%; treatment difference, 9 percentage points [95% CI, 1 to 17 percentage points]; P = 0.029), H3N2 (96% vs. 92%; treatment difference, 3 percentage points [CI, -3 to 10 percentage points]; P = 0.32), and influenza B (91% vs. 80%; treatment difference, 11 percentage points [CI, 1 to 21 percentage points]; P = 0.030) strains. Both vaccines were well-tolerated, with myalgia (19%), malaise (14%), and local pain (10%) the most frequent adverse events. Limitations The effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing clinical influenza was not evaluated. The number of participants with CD4 counts less than 0.200 × 109 cells/L was limited. Conclusion HIV-infected persons reach higher levels of influenza seroprotection if vaccinated with the high-dose trivalent vaccine than with the standard-dose. Primary funding source National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and Center for AIDS Research of the University of Pennsylvania.
THE DAILY JOURNEY TO WORK AND CHOICE OF RESIDENCE

Abstract The commuter's daily journey to work is a principal factor determining where he or she lives. The aggregation of thousands or millions of these decisions shapes the geography of the modern city. This study adapts Hagerstrand's space-time autonomy framework to investigate the role of transportation in choosing a residence. It then pretests an original index on a small sample of transit users in Tucson, Arizona.
The mean free paths for the carriers in antimony

Abstract The mean free paths and the conductivities of the electrons and holes in antimony have been derived from resistivity and Hall voltage measurements of antimony deposits 330 to 15,000 A thick. Seebeck coefficients for the electrons and holes in antimony have been estimated from Seebeck coefficient measurements of antimony deposits and the derived conductivities.
Induction of anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies by Campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides.

Abstract A frequent association exists between acute motor neuropathy, antecedent Campylobacter jejuni (CJ) and anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies. Despite the chemical and immunological similarity between CJ lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and GM1, the mechanism of induction of anti-GM1 antibodies is still unclear. We used CJ LPS to immunize rats, mice and immunodeficient mice lacking in NK, CD8+ or T-cell populations. None of these animals developed significant anti-GM1 titers. However, rats immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin which contains the cross-reactive sugar epitope Gal( β 1–3)GalNAc developed high titers of IgM anti-GM1 antibodies. This occurred only after these rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of CJ LPS. These results suggest that a glycoprotein antigenic stimulus can induce B-cells which are autoreactive to ganglioside but which remain anergic. A second stimulus with a cross-reactive LPS can then overcome the anergy to induce autoantibody production. A similar mechanism may explain the occurrence of GM1 antibodies in patients after CJ enteritis.