cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of seismic fault zone waves in the rupture zone of the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake: evidence for a shallow trapping structure

SUMMARY We analyse quantitatively a waveform data set of 238 earthquakes recorded by a dense seismic array across and along the rupture zone of the 1992 Landers earthquake. A grid-search method with station delay corrections is used to locate events that do not have catalogue locations. The quality of fault zone trapped waves generated by each event is determined from the ratios of seismic energy in time windows corresponding to trapped waves and direct S waves at stations close to and off the fault zone. Approximately 70 per cent of the events with S‐P times of less than 2 s, including many clearly off the fault, produce considerable trapped wave energy. This distribution is in marked contrast with previous claims that trapped waves are generated only by sources close to or inside the Landers rupture zone. The time difference between the S arrival and trapped waves group does not grow systematically with increasing hypocentral distance and depth. The dispersion measured from the trapped waves is weak. These results imply that the seismic trapping structure at the Landers rupture zone is shallow and does not extend continuously along-strike by more than a few kilometres. Synthetic waveform modelling indicates that the fault zone waveguide has depth of approximately 2‐4 km, a width of approximately 200 m, an S-wave velocity reduction relative to the host rock of approximately 30‐40 per cent and an S-wave attenuation coefficient of approximately 20‐30. The fault zone waveguide north of the array appears to be shallower and weaker than that south of the array. The waveform modelling also indicates that the seismic trapping structure below the array is centred approximately 100 m east of the surface break.
Risks to the public

Edited by PGN (Risks Forum Moderator, with contribu- tions by others as indicated. Opinions are individual rather than organizational, with usual disclaimers implied. We ad- dress problems relating to software, hardware, people, and other circumstances relevant to computer systems. Ref- erences (R i j) to the online Risks Forum denote RISKS vol i number j. Cited RISKS items generally identify contributors and sources, together with URLs. Official RISKS archives are available at www.risks.org, with nice html formatting and search engine courtesy of Lindsay Mar- shall at Newcastle:; http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/i.j.html (also ftp://www.sri.com/risks). CACM Inside Risks: http://www.csl.sri.com/neumann/insiderisks.html
Linkage and association analyses of principal components in expression data

Performing linkage and association analyses on a large set of correlated data presents an interesting set of problems. In the current setting, we have 3554 expression levels from lymphoblastoid cell lines in 194 individuals from 14 three-generation Utah CEPH (Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain) pedigrees. We formed multivariate expression phenotypes from six sets of genes. These consisted of a set of genes identified by the data providers as showing common linkage to a region of chromosome 14, as well as five other sets suggested by ontological evidence. Using principal-component analyses, we generated seven quantitative phenotypes for expression levels from these six sets of genes. We performed quantitative genome linkage screens on these traits using the expression traits from the third generation of each pedigree. As expected, the strongest linkage signal was achieved when the trait under analysis was the composite of the expressions of genes previously showing linkage to chromosome 14. In particular, this trait produced a LOD score of 5.2 on chromosome 14. The trait also produced LOD scores over 3.5 on chromosomes 1, 7, 9, and 11; this suggests that these genes may be controlled by additional genetic factors on the genome. Subsequent association analyses on the first two generations of these pedigrees identified two polymorphisms on chromosome 11 as significant after correcting for multiple tests. These results suggest that principal-component analyses are useful for the analysis of pleiotropic loci. Furthermore, we have identified two single-nucleotide polymorphisms that may influence the expression of multiple genes linked to chromosome 14.
Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization: new regimens, new cells, where do we stand.

Purpose of review: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells are widely used to reconstitute hematopoiesis; however, preclinical and clinical studies show that improvements to this mobilization can be achieved. We discuss the development of new mobilizing regimens and evaluation of new findings on mobilized stem cell populations that may improve the utility and convenience of peripheral blood stem cell transplant. Recent findings: Chemokines and their receptors regulate leukocyte trafficking, and altering chemokine signaling pathways mobilizes stem cells. In recent trials, combination use of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 antagonist AMD3100 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilized more CD34 cells in fewer days than granulocyte colony-stimulating factor alone and allowed more patients to proceed to autotransplant. In preclinical studies the chemokine GRObeta synergizes with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and when used alone or with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilizes more primitive hematopoietic stem cells with less apoptosis, higher integrin activation, lower CD26 expression and enhanced marrow homing compared with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Hematopoietic stem cells mobilized by GRObeta or AMD3100 demonstrate superior engraftment and contribution to chimerism in primary and secondary transplant studies in mice, and peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by AMD3100 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients demonstrate enhanced engraftment capabilities in immunodeficient mice. Summary: Alternate regimens differentially mobilize stem cell populations with unique intrinsic properties with the potential to expand the utility of hematopoietic transplantation. Continued mechanistic evaluation will be critical to our understanding of mechanisms of mobilization and their use in regenerative medicine.
Optimal MIMO Antenna Geometry Analysis for Wireless Networks in Underground Tunnels

The MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems can efficiently mitigate the severe multipath fading effects in underground tunnels. Due to the unique tunnel channel characteristics, there exist optimal antenna geometries that can maximize the MIMO channel capacity. In this paper, an optimal MIMO antenna geometry design scheme is developed based on the analysis of the channel capacity in underground tunnels. The MIMO channel capacities in both empty tunnels and tunnels with obstructions are analytically expressed to facilitate the antenna geometry design. Simulation results show that the MIMO system with designed antenna geometry has obvious improvements in channel capacity than the system with the traditional linear array antenna geometry.
The Impact of Observed Deforestation on the Mesoscale Distribution of Rainfall and Clouds in Amazonia

A numerical mesoscale model has been used to investigate the impact of mesoscale circulations on the distribution of precipitation and cloudiness over a deforested area in Amazonia. Observed patterns of deforestation in Rondonia, Amazonia, with scales on the order of 10 km were used in this study to describe land surface conditions. Various simulations have been performed to identify the conditions under which the mesoscale circulations induced by the heterogeneous land surface could enhance cloudiness and local rainfall. The simulation results suggest that the synoptic forcing, in terms of atmospheric stability and background horizontal wind, dominates during the rainy season; synoptic conditions were so favorable to moist convection that the added effect of surface heterogeneity was negligible. During the dry season, a noticeable impact of mesoscale circu- lations resulting in enhancement of shallow clouds was simulated; the mesoscale circulations also triggered scattered deep convection that altered the spatial distribution of precipitation. During the break period, the transition from the rainy season to the dry season, the impact of mesoscale circulations on low-level clouds was evident only after reducing the magnitude of the background wind.
Accessibility and Rent: Applying Becker's 'Time Price' Concept To the Theory of Residential Location

THE APPLICATION OF BECKER'S ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF TIME IN CONSUMER DECISION-MAKING TO THE THEORY OF RESIDENTIAL LOCATION IS DESCRIBED IN THIS PAPER ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RENT AND ACCESSIBILITY. THE LOCATIONS FOR WHICH THE CONSUMER WOULD BE WILLING TO PAY THE HIGHEST RENTS WOULD BE THOSE THAT ARE MOST ACCESSIBLE FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF THE LARGEST NUMBER OF GOODS. THIS MODEL ANALYSES COMPENSATING RENT DIFFERENTIALS TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THAT THE MEASURE OF ACCESSIBILITY IS NOT NECESSARILY THE DISTANCE TO ONE CENTRAL LOCATION AND THAT THE COST OF TIME IS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION COSTS. /HRIS/
Modeling and Designing a Hydrostatic Transmission With a Fixed-Displacement Motor

This study develops the dynamic equations that describe the behavior ofa hydrostatic transmission utilizing a variable-displacement axial-piston pump with a fixed-displacement motor. In general, the system is noted to be a third-order system with dynamic contributions from the motor, the pressurized hose, and the pump. Using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, the stability range of this linearized system is presented. Furthermore, a reasonable control-gain is discussed followed by comments regarding the dynamic response of the system as a whole. In particular, the varying of several parameters is shown to have distinct effects on the system rise-time, settling time, and maximum percent-overshoot.
Space-time coding in MISO-OFDM systems with implementation impairments

Implementation of OFDM-based systems suffers from in-phase and quadrature-phase (IQ) imbalances in the front-end analog processing. The resulting distortion due to IQ imbalances can limit the achievable operating SNR at the receiver, especially when space-time coding is used for enhanced received SNR. In this paper, the effect of IQ imbalances on an OFDM-based system with Alamouti coding is studied and an efficient receiver with compensation for IQ imbalances is then derived. Significant performance improvement is achieved by using the proposed receiver compared to a standard receiver with no compensation for IQ imbalances.
Evaluation of the Earth Radiation Budget in NCEP–NCAR Reanalysis with ERBE

Abstract This study presents an evaluation of the NCEP–NCAR Reanalysis (the reanalysis) by comparing its components of the earth radiation budget to satellite data. Monthly mean clear sky (CS) and total sky of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), as well as reflected solar radiation (RSW) for 1985 and 1986, are compared to the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) measurements from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ERBE-derived data of Staylor and Wilbur are also utilized to validate surface albedo. There are two objectives to this study: (i) to document the general quality of the reanalysis radiation budget, and (ii) to identify some of the general problem areas in the reanalysis global data assimilation system (GDAS). The OLR comparisons show that the global annual mean from the reanalysis is approximately 1.5% higher than that of ERBE. The zonal-average differences are strongly seasonal, which is particularly evident at high latitudes for the CS OLR, and at most latitudes for total-sky OLR. For the...
Echoing Silence: Backwardness, Governmentality and Voice in Contemporary India

I examine the conceptual trajectory of ‘backwardness’ in policy, politics and rural life to understand the term’s many uses in India. I examine links forged between backwardness and governance in c...
Towards optimal sensor placement in multi-zone measurements

In multi-zone areas, where the boundaries change with time, it is desirable to place sensors in such a way that the boundary is covered at all times. In this paper, we describe the optimal sensor placement with this property. In this optimal placement, sensors are placed along a see-saw trajectory going between the current location of the boundary and its farthest future location.
Depressed beta-adrenergic receptor- and endothelium-mediated vasodilation in conscious dogs with heart failure.

Peripheral vasodilator responsiveness was examined in pacing-induced heart failure (HF) in 11 conscious dogs chronically instrumented for measurement of systemic (total peripheral resistance [TPR]) and local (iliac blood flow) vascular resistance. Dose responses to isoproterenol (ISO), acetylcholine (ACh), and nitroglycerin (NTG) were examined in the same dogs before pacing (control) and after 4 to 7 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing, which induced congestive HF, characterized by increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (6.7 +/- 0.4 [control] versus 28 +/- 1.5 [HF] mm Hg) and decreased cardiac output (-30 +/- 5%) and left ventricular dP/dt (-53 +/- 3%), as well as ascites and peripheral edema. In the control state, TPR fell by 57 +/- 2% in response to ISO (100 ng/kg), by 61 +/- 3% in response to ACh (3 micrograms/kg), and by 55 +/- 2% in response to NTG (10 micrograms/kg). In HF, smaller decreases (P < .05) in TPR were observed with the same doses of ISO (-50 +/- 2%) and ACh (-49 +/- 2%) but not with NTG (-58 +/- 3%). Depressed responses to systemic ISO and ACh, but not NTG, were observed in HF in the presence of ganglionic blockade and also after local administration of smaller doses of the drugs in the absence of ganglionic blockade, but where systemic effects were not elicited. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase increased TPR to a greater degree before HF (+154 +/- 28% [control]) than after (+80 +/- 22% [HF]) and eliminated the depressed responses to ACh but not to ISO. beta-Adrenergic receptor density, as determined by 125I-cyanopindolol binding in membrane preparations from mesenteric vessels was significantly decreased after HF (130 +/- 3 [control] versus 100 +/- 8 [HF] fmol/mg, P < .05) without any change in affinity. Thus, peripheral vascular beta-adrenergic receptor downregulation occurs in HF, independent of altered endothelium-mediated peripheral vasodilation.
The timing of sea ice formation and exposure to photosynthetically active radiation along the Western Antarctic Peninsula

Understanding the flow of solar energy into ecosystems is fundamental to understanding ecosystem productivity and dynamics. To gain a better understanding of this fundamental process in the Antarctic winter sea ice, we produced a model that estimates the time-integrated exposure of seasonal Antarctic sea ice to PAR through the use of remotely sensed sea ice concentrations, sea ice movement and spatially distributed PAR calculations that account for cloud cover and have applied this model over the past three decades. The resulting spatially distributed estimates of sea ice exposure to PAR by mid-winter are evaluated in context of changes in the timing of sea ice formation that have been documented along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region and its potential effects on the variation (seasonal and inter-annual) in the accumulation of sea ice algae in this region. The analysis shows the ice pack is likely to have large inter-annual variations (10–100 fold) in productivity throughout the autumn to winter transition in the sea ice along the WAP. Moreover, the pack ice is likely to have spatial structure in regards to biological processes that cannot be determined from analysis of sea ice concentration information alone. The resulting inter-annual variations in winter processes are likely to affect the dynamics of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba).
Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Bone Remodeling: A Review

(1989). Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Bone Remodeling: A Review. Connective Tissue Research: Vol. 23, No. 2-3, pp. 201-208.
Cushing's syndrome: problems in management.

CS comprises a group of disorders characterized by hypercortisolism. The variety of causes--pituitary-dependent CS (CD), adrenal tumor, and the ectopic ACTH syndrome--necessitates a variety of therapies--surgical, radiotherapeutic, and medical. Once a specific diagnosis is made, specific therapy can be instituted. Although some controversy persists regarding treatment, particularly that of CD, for most patients it is straightforward. However, in our experience with more than 60 patients, therapeutic dilemmas can arise in a number of circumstances, e.g. the patient with the radiologically normal sella or recurrent CD after adrenalectomy. In addition, the treatment of such conditions as the large ACTH-producing pituitary tumor, Nelson's syndrome, the malignant ectopic ACTH syndrome, and adrenal carcinoma is not entirely satisfactory. Our approach to these problems is illustrated by seven cases, and we emphasize that the proper management of CS requires both correct diagnosis and the logical application of all available therapies.
Encryption as an Effective Tool in Reducing Wireless LAN Vulnerabilities

The security of wireless LANs has been a source of concern for businesses and individuals who are aware of its advantages due to its flexibility. With the increase in the use of wireless LANs for enterprises and homes, where information assets are shared continually, security is of the essence. With the increase in e- commerce and e-services, there is the risk of identity and credit card theft. Encryption is seen as a major tool in the line of defense of wireless LANs. This article discusses the various security protocols used in wireless LANs and how effective they are in keeping wireless LANs secure. The risks of using these protocols are outlined and recommendations for securing wireless LANs are reviewed.
Evolution of circular and linear polarization in scattering environments

This work quantifies the polarization persistence and memory of circularly polarized light in forward-scattering and isotropic (Rayleigh regime) environments; and for the first time, details the evolution of both circularly and linearly polarized states through scattering environments. Circularly polarized light persists through a larger number of scattering events longer than linearly polarized light for all forward-scattering environments; but not for scattering in the Rayleigh regime. Circular polarization's increased persistence occurs for both forward and backscattered light. The simulated environments model polystyrene microspheres in water with particle diameters of 0.1 μm, 2.0 μm, and 3.0 μm. The evolution of the polarization states as they scatter throughout the various environments are illustrated on the Poincare sphere after one, two, and ten scattering events.
What I am Reading

Over the past few years I have been engaged in a collaborative project, with Matthew McLean of the University of St Andrews, investigating Protestant translations of the Bible into Latin. As early modernists and teachers, we are familiar with the importance of the work of Luther, Tyndale, Zwingli and others who brought scripture into the languages of the people. Indeed, one of the most astonishing experiences I have had recently was to speak about a Tyndale Pentateuch and New Testament recently acquired by the Beinecke Library at Yale. Such emphasis on the vernacular, however, has overlooked the reality that for most sixteenthcentury Protestant churchmen Latin remained a sacred language and the common tongue of the educated. Erasmus’s New Testament of 1516 and his later Latin translation were an inspiration to a generation of humanists who endeavored to learn Hebrew and Greek in order to render the Word of God into Latin, the language of the church and its theology. Our project examines the evolution of Protestant Latin Bible scholarship over the sixteenth century, considering issues of translation, page and text, doctrine, and readership. We focus on four Bibles: Sebastian Munster’s Old Testament of 1534/ 5; the 1543 Biblia Sacrosancta from Zurich; Sebastian Castellio’s Biblia Latina; and the several editions of the Testamenti veteris of Franciscus Junius and Immanuel Tremellius. In addition to these Bibles there were numerous translations of individual books of the Bible. The challenges facing the translators were legion. To begin, knowledge of Hebrew in the early and mid-sixteenth century was limited to a small group of men dependent on their Jewish teachers. There was little agreement on how Hebrew should be turned into Latin. Jerome was regarded as the model to be emulated, but the needs of the sixteenth century were different. Munster intentionally translated the Old Testament into literal, ugly Latin not because he was a poor stylist. His intention was to provide a tool for Christian scholars to learn the ancient language. Ten years later the scholars in Zurich eschewed the literal approach to produce a translation of Hebrew into Latin that was pleasing to the eye. Although they held Munster in high regard they cast his literal renderings into the marginalia. The most radical approach came from Sebastian Castellio, who argued that Moses, the author of the Pentateuch, should be treated as a Greek orator. The Hebrew of the Old Testament was, therefore, to be put into the very best Ciceronian Latin to the extent that the traditional Latin vocabulary for God, angels, and the church was abandoned for more elegant classical words. Finally, the most influential Bible was prepared by reformation, Vol. 20 No. 2, November, 2015, 151–153
A degree-increasing [N to N+1] homotopy for Chebyshev and Fourier spectral methods

Abstract Hitherto, as a tool for tracing all branches of nonlinear differential equations, resolution-increasing homotopy methods have been applied only to finite difference discretizations. However, spectral Galerkin algorithms typically match the error of fourth order differences with one-half to one-fifth the number of degrees of freedom N in one dimension, and a factor of eight to a hundred and twenty-five in three dimensions. Let u → N be the vector of spectral coefficients and R → N the vector of N Galerkin constraints. A common two-part procedure is to first find all roots of R → N ( u → N ) = 0 → using resultants, Groebner basis methods or block matrix companion matrices. (These methods are slow and ill-conditioned, practical only for small N .) The second part is to then apply resolution-increasing continuation. Because the number of solutions is an exponential function of N , spectral methods are exponentially superior to finite differences in this context. Unfortunately, u → N is all too often outside the domain of convergence of Newton’s iteration when N is increased to ( N + 1 ) . We show that a good option is the artificial parameter homotopy H → ( u → ; τ ) ≡ R → N + 1 ( u → ) − ( 1 − τ ) R → N + 1 ( u → N ) , τ ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] . Marching in small steps in τ , we proceed smoothly from the N -term to the N + 1 -term approximations.
Youth, permissiveness, and child development.

As unrest grows in our social scene, as institutions undergo change, as innovations revolutionize everyday living, there is among many a longing to return to affirmations of older and simpler virtues. Their discontent often is expressed in a condemnation of youthful rebellion and, by extension, of youth and child care practices. It tends to focus upon "permissiveness" as the main cause of youthful lawlessness and laxity of behavior. In American society the elaboration of methods of child rearing to bewildered parents by specialists in behavior, medical and nonmedical, is not new. nonmedical, is not new. In the early twenties character formation, according to the behavioristic psychology of Watson, was thought to be best achieved by a firm and rigid schedule, early developed, rigorously obeyed, and meticulously followed.
Data-Based Decision-Making

Data-based decision making is the hallmark of response to intervention (RTI) programs. This chapter discusses the origins of the data-based program modification (DBPM) model that, for many, provided the framework that led to the development of RTI. The key assumptions on which DBPM rested are considered relative to RTI as currently implemented and in relation to current research. Attention is given to why it is essential to evaluate the interventions implemented in RTI models, and to questions regarding the technical adequacy of the data being used to make RTI decisions. Extended discussion is provided of issues that decision makers confront in evaluating student data, and caveats regarding data interpretation are provided. Finally, RTI is considered in the context of problem solving and the evaluation activities required to identify problems, define problems, and evaluate interventions. The chapter closes with evaluation at the most intense level of RTI and with the proposition that all interventions must be evaluated regardless of the evidence supporting their effectiveness.
Extracting Realistic Kinetics of Rare Activated Processes from Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Using Kramers’ Theory

The cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds is very slow, occurring in hundreds of seconds. Kinetic studies of such processes using straightforward molecular dynamics are currently not possible. Here, we use Kramers' rate theory in the high friction regime in combination with accelerated molecular dynamics in explicit solvent to successfully retrieve the normal rate of cis to trans switching in the glycyl-prolyl dipeptide. Our approach bypasses the time-reweighting problem of the hyperdynamics scheme, wherein the addition of the bias potential alters the transition state regions and avoids an accurate estimation of kinetics. By performing accelerated molecular dynamics at a few different levels of acceleration, the rate of isomerization is enhanced as much as 10(10) to 10(11) times. Remarkably, the normal rates obtained by simply extrapolating to zero bias are within an order of experimental estimates. This provides validation from a kinetic standpoint of the ω torsional parameters of the AMBER force field that were recently revised by matching to experimentally measured equilibrium properties. We also provide a comparative analysis of the performance of the widely used water models, i.e., TIP3P and SPC/E, in estimating the kinetics of cis-trans isomerization. Furthermore, we show that the dynamic properties of bulk water can be corrected by adjusting the collision frequency in a Langevin thermostat, which then allows for better reproduction of cis-trans isomerization kinetics and a closer agreement of rates between experiments and simulations.
Endothelin-1 in rat endotoxemia : mRNA expression and vasoreactivity in pulmonary and systemic circulations

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoconstrictor and proinflammatory peptide, but its role in the vascular response to sepsis is unknown. After intraperitoneal injection of male Wistar rats (300 g) with 20 mg/kg of Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the expression of ET-1 mRNA was significantly increased in pulmonary artery and aorta within 1 h and arterial ET-1 concentration was elevated. Despite this increase in ET-1 production, there was no difference in baseline systemic or pulmonary arterial pressures between control and endotoxin-treated rats, and, furthermore, combined ETA/ETB receptor antagonism using bosentan produced reductions in systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures that were not greater than the modest fall seen in controls. However, bosentan completely antagonized the hemodynamic effects of exogenous ET-1 in controls but only weakly antagonized its effects in LPS animals. After LPS the initial (ETB-mediated) systemic hypotensive responses to ET-1 were attenuated, but the subsequent systemic pressor responses were not. By contrast, the increases in pulmonary arterial pressure in response to ET-1 and the ETB receptor agonist sarafotoxin S6c were significantly reduced in LPS animals. Vascular ET-1 mRNA expression and arterial ET-1 concentration are elevated after LPS treatment in rats, but the functional activity of ET-1 cannot be exposed by combined ETA/ETB receptor antagonism, possibly because of an alteration in the functional status of ET receptors.
The role of interleukin and INF-γ in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Objective: To study the changes of interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-10,IL-18 ,and INF-γ in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).Methods: The level of IL-2,IL-10,IL-18,and INF-γ in the serum of 40 ITP patients and 20 normal control children were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The IL-2,IL-10,IL-18,and INF-γ were higher in ITP children patients than that in normal group.There were significant difference between ITP group and normal group (P0.01). Conclusion: IL-2,IL-10,IL-18,and INF-γ may be take part in the etiology of ITP.
Investigation on Disinfection Effect of Village-level Kindergarten in Handan County of Hebei Province

[Objective]To understand the environmental sanitation condition and disinfection effect of village-level kindergarten, discover problems and provide the basis for supervision and detection.[Methods]According to the methods of "Hospital Disinfection Sanitation standard" (GB 14934-1994)and " Food (Drinks) Disinfection Sanitation standard" (GB 15982-1995), the total bacteria counts in the air, on the object surface, on the hand surface of workers and on the dishware surface, pathogenic bacteria and coliform bacteria were detected.[Results]211 of 264 samples were eligible, the eligible rate was 79.92%. The eligible rate of dishware, hand surface, indoor air and object surface was 93.33%, 86.11%, 75.64% and 72.22% respectively.[Conclusion] The disinfection eligible rate of village-level kindergarten in this county was not very well. The supervision and detection in village-level kindergarten should be strengthened, and the training should be carried out among managers and related personnel regularly or according to the practice.
Extension Theorems for Contraction Operators on Kreĭn Spaces

Notions of Julia and defect operators are used as a foundation for a theory of matrix extension and commutant lifting problems for contraction operators on Kreĭn spaces. The account includes a self-contained treatment of key propositions from the theory of Potapov, Ginsburg, Kreĭn, and Shmul’yan on the behavior of a contraction operator on negative subspaces. This theory is extended by an analysis of the behavior of the adjoint of a contraction operator on negative subspaces. Together, these results provide the technical input for the main extension theorems.
Where to put the next billion people

Richard T. T. Forman and Jianguo Wu call for global and regional approaches to urban planning.
Mycotoxin verrucarin A inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by inhibiting prosurvival Akt/NF-kB/mTOR signaling.

Abstract Trichothecenes are powerful mycotoxins that inhibit protein synthesis and induce ribotoxic stress response in mammalian cells. Verrucarin A (VC-A) is a Type D macrocyclic mycotoxin which inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the antitumor activity of VC-A for prostate cancer cells has not been investigated. The objective of the present study was to determine the anticancer activity and its mechanism of action in hormone-responsive (LNCaP) and hormone-refractory (PC-3) carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) cell lines. VC-A strongly inhibited the proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase associated with the inhibition of cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) cdk2, cdk4, cdk6 and cdk inhibitors WAF1/21 and KIP1/27. VC-A also induced apoptosis in CaP cells as characterized by the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1), procaspases-3, -8 and -9 and the inhibition of Bcl-2 family proteins that regulate apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, Bak and Bad). In addition, VC-A also down-regulated the expression of prosurvival phospho-AKT (p-AKT), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) (p65) and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) signaling proteins. Taken together, these results demonstrated strong antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of verrucarin A against CaP cells through cell cycle arrest and inhibition of the prosurvival (antiapoptotic) AKT/NF-kB/mTOR signaling pathway.
A question of firsts

In your article "Under a limitless sky" (October p59), you describe Meg Urry as the Yale University physics department's "first ever tenured female faculty member when she was hired in 2001".
Fatman vs. littleboy: scaling up linear algebraic operations in scale-out data platforms

Linear algebraic operations such as matrix manipulations form the kernel of many machine learning and other crucial algorithms. Scaling up as well as scaling out such algorithms are highly desirable to enable efficient processing over millions of data points. To this end, we present a matrix manipulation approach to effectively scale-up each node in a scale-out data parallel platform such as Apache Spark. Specifically, we enable hardware acceleration for matrix multiplications in a distributed Spark setup without user intervention. Our approach supports both dense and sparse distributed matrices, and provides flexible control of acceleration by matrix density. We demonstrate the benefit of our approach for generalized matrix multiplication operations over large matrices with up to four billion elements. To connect the effectiveness of our approach with machine learning applications, we performed Gramian matrix computation via generalized matrix multiplications. Our experiments show that our approach achieves more than 2× performance speed-up, and up to 96.1% computation improvement, compared to a state of the art Spark MLlib for dense matrices.
Scavenging crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) transmit Solenopsis invicta virus 3 to red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) colonies

Summary This study demonstrated that Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3) can be mechanically transmitted among colonies of fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by scavengers like the house cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), which readily eat dead infected fire ant workers without becoming infected themselves.
Biologic aspects of endodontics. 3. Periapical tissue reactions to root canal instrumentation.

Abstract The pulps of twenty-seven human teeth and twenty-four Macaca rhesus monkey teeth were extirpated. The root canals of twelve human and twelve monkey teeth were then instrumented short of the apices. In fifteen human teeth and in twelve monkey teeth, the root canals were instrumented beyond the apices into the surrounding periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The reactions of the apical pulp stumps and periapical tissues were studied at various time intervals from immediately to 1 year after the endodontic procedures were performed. It was found that the tissue reactions following instrumentation short of the apex were milder than those reactions which followed instrumentation beyond the apex. Where the remaining pulp stump retained its vitality, complete repair occurred. However, if the pulp stump became necrotic, periapical inflammation persisted. Periapical granulomas developed and persisted following instrumentation beyond the apex. In many lesions, cell rests of Malassez proliferated and there was a profuse growth of stratified squamous epithelium.
Preparation of High Purity Samples, Effect of Purity on Properties, and FT-IR, Raman, 1H and 13C NMR, and DSC Data of Highly Purified Benzoxazine Monomers

Abstract Many kinds of benzoxazine resins are synthesized and thoroughly purified to obtain the single crystals. The benzoxazine monomers with different purification methods show huge difference in the DSC themograms. Herein, it is proven that the impurities in the monomers can enormously influence their polymerization behavior. The large single crystals of BA-a, which is commonly used in benzoxazine research, are displayed here, and FT-IR, Raman, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and DSC data of the single or multiple crystals of the monomers are also listed to indicate the high purity.
Suggestions for Rethinking Validation

The paper by Maul raises issues of validity in survey-based measurement that deserve far wider consideration and scrutiny than they typically receive. If the paper would lead to the kinds of rethin...
Fundamentals of Computer Vision

Computer vision has widespread and growing application including robotics, autonomous vehicles, medical imaging and diagnosis, surveillance, video analysis, and even tracking for sports analysis. This book equips the reader with crucial mathematical and algorithmic tools to develop a thorough understanding of the underlying components of any complete computer vision system and to design such systems. These components include identifying local features such as corners or edges in the presence of noise, edge preserving smoothing, connected component labeling, stereopsis, thresholding, clustering, segmentation, and describing and matching both shapes and scenes. The extensive examples include photographs of faces, cartoons, animal footprints, and angiograms, and each chapter concludes with homework exercises and suggested projects. Intended for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students, the text will also be of use to practitioners and researchers in a range of applications.
Molecular profiling of liquid biopsies from patients (pts) with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (BM-CRPC) treated with radium-223 (RA-223) to reveal differential enrichment for markers that correlate with overall survival (OS).

259Introduction: RA-223 prolongs OS in BM-CRPC pts but predictive markers are lacking. We hypothesized that molecular profiling of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from BM-CRPC pts treated with RA-223 would predict efficacy and inform development of combinations. Methods: Paired baseline (BL) and end of treatment (EoT) blood samples were collected from 25 pts treated with RA-223. Pts were stratified by median OS into 3 groups: 1) 6.3 months (range 3.3-8.5, n=5 pts, UnFav OS), 2) 18.2 months (range 12.6-19.4, n=7 pts, Middle OS) and 3) 27.6 months (range 23.1-33.8, n=13 pts, Fav OS). EVs were isolated from plasma and analyzed for specific proteins and RNA transcripts. Marker profiles by domain and analytic method were determined in pts from the stratified OS groups. Results: At EoT, there is enrichment of RNA transcripts and proteins involved in regulating immune responses, DNA Damage Response (DDR) and bone metabolism (Table). By benchmarking molecular signatures in pts with UnFav Os and Fav OS...
Quality Assurance in Highway Construction

(1971). Quality Assurance in Highway Construction. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 192-192.
Evaluation of pan‐TRK immunohistochemistry in infantile fibrosarcoma, lipofibromatosis‐like neural tumour and histological mimics

Aims Infantile fibrosarcoma is characterised by intersecting fascicles of spindle cells and ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion in most cases. Given histological overlap with other spindle-cell tumours, the diagnosis can be challenging and often requires molecular confirmation. A recently developed pan-TRK antibody shows promise for identifying tumours with NTRK fusions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential diagnostic utility of pan-TRK immunohistochemistry for infantile fibrosarcoma. Methods and results We evaluated whole-tissue sections from 210 cases, including 15 infantile fibrosarcomas; five each lipofibromatosis-like neural tumour and lipofibromatosis; 10 each primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumour of infancy (PMMTI) and low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma; 15 each fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI), myofibroma/myofibromatosis and desmoid-type fibromatosis; and 20 each low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, spindle-cell rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour, fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (F-DFSP) and nodular fasciitis. Immunohistochemistry was performed using a rabbit monoclonal pan-TRK antibody. Immunoreactivity for pan-TRK was observed in all 15 (100%) infantile fibrosarcomas, including diffuse immunoreactivity (>50% of cells) in 14 (93%) cases. Pan-TRK was positive in all five (100%) lipofibromatosis-like neural tumours. Of the 190 histological mimics, diffuse pan-TRK immunoreactivity was noted in 16 (8%) cases, including five PMMTI, five FHI (highlighting predominantly the primitive myxoid spindle-cell components), three F-DFSP, one low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, one myofibroma and one spindle-cell rhabdomyosarcoma. Conclusions Diffuse pan-TRK immunoreactivity is a highly sensitive but not entirely specific diagnostic marker for infantile fibrosarcoma, and may be helpful in selecting patients for TRK-targeted therapy. As expected, lipofibromatosis-like neural tumours, which harbour NTRK1 fusions, also show diffuse pan-TRK immunoreactivity.
Securing Cannula and Tube Connections

Easy step by step of knots to secure cannulae during surgery and chest tube drains postoperatively.
Scope—Radtest: Radioactivity from Nuclear Test Explosions: The Human and Environmental Consequences

The SCOPE—RADTEST Program** consists of an international collaborative study involving Russia, the U.S.A., the U.K., China, and Kazakhstan. It focuses on the releases of radioactivity that resulted from nuclear test explosions that have taken place at various test sites around the world for peaceful and military purposes.
Patching the Melting Pot: Sociability in Facebook Groups for Engagement, Trust, and Perceptions of Difference:

The more racial or ethnic diversity a person lives around in America, the less likely they are to take part in civic life, or to profess feelings of trust for the average person. Differences have i...
Tax treaties and developing countries

Academics and others over the last 50 years have called for developing countries to hesitate or refrain from entering into bilateral tax treaties with developed countries. Tax treaties seek to facilitate cross-border transactions and investments by reducing tax barriers and providing greater certainty to foreign investors. But treaty provisions invariably result in countries yielding taxing rights. Since at least the 1920s, treaties have arguably provided greater taxing rights to the country where the investors reside (generally, capital-exporting developed countries) rather than the country where the economic activity takes place (often, capital-importing developing countries). Where capital flows are roughly equal between countries, rules that skew taxing rights towards residence-based taxation away from source-based taxation result in little or no revenue shifting. But where capital flows are less even, the tax revenue consequences may be substantial. Critics of tax treaties between developed and developing countries con-tend that developing countries give up tax revenue and receive little in return. But this common position rests on a questionable narrative. It assumes that tax treaties result in a transfer of revenue from developing to developed countries. For several reasons, tax revenue yielded by developing countries likely results in relatively little revenue gains by developed countries. In the current economic environment, tax treaties are less about distributive rules between countries and more about developed countries assisting their multinational entities in reducing their foreign tax liability and developing countries using tax treaties to at-tract foreign investment. Framed this way, tax treaties share much in common with traditional tax incentives (such as tax holidays and favorable depreciation provisions). Viewing tax treaties as tax incentives changes the focus from whether the treaty provisions are fair to developing countries to whether this type of incentive generates economic benefits that justify the revenue costs. For some, perhaps many, developing countries, tax treaties with developed countries make little economic sense. But for many other developing countries, this decision is more complex. It requires making country-specific and treaty-specific determinations of the revenue costs and economic benefits from entering into tax treaties with developed countries.
Melanocortin-3 Receptors Expressed on Agouti-Related Peptide Neurons Inhibit Feeding Behavior in Female Mice.

Objective Activation of hypothalamic agouti-related peptide expressing (AgRP)+ve neurons during energy deficit is a negative valence signal, rapidly activating food-seeking behaviors. This study examined the roles of melanocortin-3 receptors (MC3Rs) coexpressed in a subpopulation of AgRP+ve neurons. Methods AgRP-MC3R mice expressing MC3Rs selectively in AgRP+ve neurons were generated by crossing AgRP-IRES-Cre mice with LoxTBMc3r mice containing a "loxP-STOP-loxP" sequence in the 5' untranslated region. Body weight, body composition, and feeding behavior were assessed during ad libitum and time-restricted feeding conditions. Results In females, food intake of AgRP-IRES-Cre+ve (n = 7) or AgRP-IRES-Cre-ve (n = 9) mice was not significantly different; these mice were therefore pooled to form the "control" group. Female AgRP-MC3R mice exhibited lower food intake (25.4 ± 2.4 kJ/12 h; n = 6) compared with controls (35.3 ± 1.8 kJ/12 h; n = 16) and LoxTBMc3r mice (32.1 ± 2.1 kJ/12 h; n = 9) in the active phase during the dark period. Food intake during the rest phase (lights on) when mice consume less food (9-10 kJ) was normal between genotypes. Body weight and composition of AgRP-MC3R and LoxTBMc3r mice were similar, suggesting compensatory mechanisms for reduced calorie intake. Remarkably, AgRP-MC3R mice continued to consume less food during refeeding after fasting and time-restricted feeding. Conclusions MC3Rs expressed on AgRP+ve neurons appear to exert a strong inhibitory signal on hypothalamic networks governing feeding behavior.
The role of R&D and input trade in productivity growth: innovation and technology spillovers

Productivity improvements generally are driven by technology innovation and its spillovers. This study explores the role of R&D investment and intermediate input trade in productivity growth using country-industry-level data for 25 advanced and emerging economies. This paper confirms that R&D investment and intermediate input import/export (both intra- and inter-industry) with technologically advanced economies play important roles in productivity growth in non-frontier countries. We further find that the productivity gains of technology spillovers via input trade channels are likely larger for countries/industries where technology converges to the frontier. These findings imply that the recent slowdown in R&D investment and intermediate input trade in some advanced economies may contribute to declining productivity growth. The potential productivity improvements from R&D investment and free trade as well as the importance of domestic capacity in facilitating technology spillovers should be recognized.
Anabolic implant effects on visceral organ mass, chemical body composition, and estimated energetic efficiency in cloned (genetically identical) beef steers.

Six sets of four genetically identical Brangus steers (n = 24; X BW 409 kg) were used to determine the effect of different anabolic implants on visceral organ mass, chemical body composition, estimated tissue deposition, and energetic efficiency. Steers within a clone set were randomly assigned to one of the following implant treatments: C, no implant; E, estrogenic; A, androgenic, or AE, androgenic + estrogenic. Steers were slaughtered 112 d after implanting; visceral organs were weighed and final body composition determined by mechanical grinding and chemical analysis of the empty body. Mass of the empty gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was reduced approximately 9% (P .10) the efficiency of ME utilization. In general, estrogenic implants decreased GIT, androgenic implants increased liver, and all implants increased hide mass. Steers implanted with an AE combination had additive effects on protein deposition compared with either implant alone. The NEg requirements for body gain are estimated to be reduced 19% by estrogenic or combination implants.