cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diversity in Field-Articulation and Its Implications for Human-Computer Interface Design

The objective of this study was to investigate individual differences in cognitive styles related to spatial ability in order design computer interfaces which accommodated low spatial users. Seventy-four subjects were tested on spatial, visual and verbal cognitive tests. From the results of these tests, (12) subjects were selected and classified as low spatial/verbalizers and (12) as high spatial/visualizers. The two subject groups were tested on three interface designs: a graphical layout and an outline format, both intended to accommodate low spatial users, and a conventional hierarchical menu design. For each interface, the subjects completed (50) information search tasks. Duncan's Multiple Range comparisons (p<0.05) between the three interface designs indicated the following: in accordance with past studies, the performance of verbal subjects was 18% inferior to that of spatial subjects on the conventional interface which required subjects to self-induce the hierarchical system structure; by designing...
Challenges affecting access to cesarean delivery and strategies to overcome them in low-income countries

Abstract Background Most maternal deaths occur in low-income countries where access to appropriate medical care is restricted. Objectives To evaluate rates of cesarean deliveries and identify barriers to this mode of delivery in low-income countries. Search strategy A review of Medline and PubMed was performed to identify reports published in English or French using the keywords “cesarean section,” “maternal mortality,” and “developing countries.” Selection criteria Studies investigating the obstacles to cesarean delivery and plans to overcome them in low-income countries were included. Data collection and analysis Data from included studies were extracted and analyzed. Main results Studies from 16 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa were included. The average rate of cesarean delivery was 3.6% (range 1.5%–7.1%). The rate was negatively correlated with the maternal mortality ratio ( r = –0.63; P = 0.005), neonatal mortality rate ( r = –0.81; P r = –0.80; P Conclusions Maternal and infant mortality rates could be lowered by increasing access to cesarean delivery. Additional education of patients and providers, establishment of more heath facilities, and governmental support of obstetric care could help to reach this goal.
Diffraction analysis of Doppler signal characteristics for a cross-beam laser Doppler velocimeter

Based on scalar diffraction theory, single particle scattering characteristics for a cross-beam laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) have been computed for different particle sizes under varied instrumentation configurations. The modulating component of the scattered signal has been shown to depend upon particle size, shape, and collecting aperture for a given probe volume fringe spacing. Experimental verifications of some of the predictions are presented, and some of the limitations using an LDV as a particle sizing instrument are discussed.
Language anxiety and achievement

This chapter considers the literature on language learning anxiety in an effort to clarify the relationship between anxiety and second language learning. It will first argue that langua ge anxiety is a specific anxietyrather than a tra it anxietyand discuss how this conceptualization has helped clarify the research literature. After Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope (1986) proposed that a specific anxiety construct which they called Fore ign Langu age An xiety was r espo nsible fo r stud entsunco mfor table experiences in langua ge classes and o ffered an instrum ent, the Foreign Langu age Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), to measu re this anxiety, findings concerning anxiety and language achieve ment have be en relatively uniform, indicating a consistent moderate negative relationship between anxiety and achievement. However, some rese archers (Sp arks and Gans chow and the ir colleagues) have suggested that poor langu age learning is a cause r ather than a resu lt of language anxiety. This review conclud es that anxiety is indeed a cau se of poo r language learning in some individuals and discusses po ssible source s of this anxiety, including difficulty in authentic self-presentatio n and various langu age teaching pra ctices. In addition, it reports on new trends in language anxiety research that attempt to identify aspects of language learning (e.g., reading anxiety or writing anxiety) which provoke anxiety for some individuals.
Naloxone Administration in US Emergency Departments, 2000–2011

Rates of opioid overdose and opioid-related emergency department (ED) visits have increased dramatically. Naloxone is an effective antidote to potentially fatal opioid overdose, but little is known about naloxone administration in ED settings. We examined trends and correlates of naloxone administration in ED visits nationally from 2000 to 2011. Using data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, we examined ED visits involving (1) the administration of naloxone or (2) a diagnosis of opioid overdose, abuse, or dependence. We assessed patient characteristics in these visits, including concomitant administration of prescription opioid medications. We used logistic regression to identify correlates of naloxone administration. From 2000 to 2011, naloxone was administered in an estimated 1.7 million adult ED visits nationally; 19 % of these visits recorded a diagnosis of opioid overdose, abuse, or dependence. An estimated 2.9 million adult ED visits were related to opioid overdose, abuse, or dependence; 11 % of these visits involved naloxone administration. In multivariable logistic regression models, patient age, race, and insurance and non-rural facility location were independently associated with naloxone administration. An opioid medication was provided in 14 % of visits involving naloxone administration. Naloxone was administered in a minority of ED visits related to opioid overdose, abuse, or dependence. Among all ED visits involving naloxone administration, prescription opioids were also provided in one in seven visits. Further work should explore the provider decision-making in the management of opioid overdose in ED settings and examine patient outcomes following these visits.
Four$$\mathbb {Q}$$: Four-Dimensional Decompositions on a $$\mathbb {Q}$$-curve over the Mersenne Prime

We introduce Four$$\mathbb {Q}$$, a high-security, high-performance elliptic curve that targets the 128-bit security level. At the highest arithmetic level, cryptographic scalar multiplications on Four$$\mathbb {Q}$$ can use a four-dimensional Gallant-Lambert-Vanstone decomposition to minimize the total number of elliptic curve group operations. At the group arithmetic level, Four$$\mathbb {Q}$$ admits the use of extended twisted Edwards coordinates and can therefore exploit the fastest known elliptic curve addition formulas over large prime characteristic fields. Finally, at the finite field level, arithmetic is performed modulo the extremely fast Mersenne prime $$p=2^{127}-1$$. We show that this powerful combination facilitates scalar multiplications that are significantly faster than all prior works. On Intel's Haswell, Ivy Bridge and Sandy Bridge architectures, our software computes a variable-base scalar multiplication in 59,000, 71,000 cycles and 74,000 cycles, respectively; and, on the same platforms, our software computes a Diffie-Hellman shared secret in 92,000, 110,000 cycles and 116,000 cycles, respectively.
Relation of mammotropes to mammary tumors. IV. Development of highly hormone-dependent mammary tumors.

Summary1. Highly hormone dependent mammary tumors were induced in rats by a combined treatment of a subthreshold dose of 3-methylcholanthrene and mammotropic hormone(s) (administered by grafts of a functional mammotropic tumor). 2. Growth of these mammary tumors was dependent upon continuation of stimulation by mammotropic hormone(s). 3. Grafts of the mammary tumors remained latent up to 262 days, growing only after mammotropic hormone(s) was administered. 4. Upon resection of mammotropic tumor, a primary mammary tumor promptly and completely regressed; 5 other primary tumors in rats carrying functional mammotropic tumors grew progressively.The authors acknowledge the technical assistance of Mary Campbell.
The Early Childhood Socio-Emotional and Behavior Regulation Intervention Specialist (EC-SEBRIS) training model: a crossroad of mental health and early childhood education

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the Early Childhood-Socio-Emotional and Behavior Regulation Intervention Specialist (EC-SEBRIS) Certificate Program model integrating knowledge and practice. Coursework, videotaping, on-site coaching, and the reflective process facilitate the application of knowledge through the integration of theory and practice supporting young children and families. It is designed to help teachers and early childhood professionals to internalize the skills and competencies needed to address challenging behaviors in their classrooms or at homes so that they can meet the critical social-emotional and behavioral needs of children. Design/methodology/approach – The paper will provide: research-based information to establish the need for such training programs; the rational to the conceptual framework of the EC-SEBRIS Certificate Program; the depiction of the wraparound training model, which uses triple coaching and mentoring methods: reflective supervision, videotaping, and...
COMMENT ON ZAJONC'S SOCIAL FACILITATION REVIEW INCLUDING A REANALYSIS OF TRAVIS' (1925) DATA

Zajonc's review and theoretical integration of the social facilitation literature (1965) has stimulated a great deal of research and thought (e.g., Weiss 8: Miller, 1971). The purpose of the present note is to comment o n three of the six studies to which he refers in the section of his review entitled "Audience Effects" and to present a reanalysis of the data from one of these studies. In his review, Zajonc gives prominent consideration to Travis' (1925) smdy of pursuit-rotor performance alone and in the presence of an audience. Zajonc concludes, "Travis found a clear improvement in the performance when his subjects were confronted with an audience" (p. 269) . Regarding this comparison, Travis reports, "Statistically the P. E , of the differences is too large for these differences to mean much" (p. 145) . Travls made two comparisons of means for his sample of 22 Ss, ( 1 ) the difference between the averages of S's 1 0 scores in the presence of an audience and of his highest 1 0 consecutive scores alone and ( 2 ) the difference between S's single best score in the presence of an audience and his single best score alone. Reanalysis of Travis' data (the data are reported in his article) by the writer indicates that the first difference is significant ( D = 4.66, J = 2.88, 21 d f , p < .01) as is the second (D = 4.18, t = 2.54, 21 d f , p < .02). Thus Zajonc is correct in his conclusion regarding Travis' results in spite of Travis' disclaimer. Where did Travis go wrong? His method of analysis was that appropriate for independent rather than related measures. Concerning two studies, Zajonc (1965) indicates, "In 1931 Husband found that the presence of spectators interferes with the learning of a finger maze, and in 1933 Pessin and Husband confirmed Husband's results" (p. 270) . However, regarding this comparison Pessin and Husband (1933) concluded, "Social stimuli such as are presented by silent observers (one or two) have no significant effect upon the efficiency of maze learning. N o statistically reliable differences were found between the stimulated and the control groups." In fact, the differences do nor approach significance. This study involved between-subject rather than within-subject ,comparisons so there is no reason to suggest that improper statistics were used. Husband's (1931) study did not include the influence of an audience as a variable and no mention of the influence of spectators was made in the article. Zajonc was apparently misled by the statement in Pessin and Husband (1933) that "The other writer ( H ) had previously noticed in the course of an extensive series of maze studies that another person present often acted as a disturbing element and interfered with the close concentration necessary to learn a fairly difficult maze" (p. 149) . This statement is an interesting observation on Husband's earlier research but is hardly a "finding" as implied in Zajonc's review.
Developments and challenges in family practice nutrition education for residents and practicing physicians: An overview of the North American experience

The history of nutrition education in family medicine residency training and continuing medical education (CME) in North America is briefly reviewed. Past efforts have been successful in improving knowledge and attitudes toward nutrition. Some of the barriers to physicians providing nutrition services to their patients, such as poor reimbursement for those services, are largely outside the domain of medical educators. However, the education and training of family practice residents and practicing physicians in nutrition has not yet fully matured. Strategies are needed that impact physician counseling behaviors. Strengthening the content of certification examinations, providing evidence that brief counseling strategies impact patient outcomes, and role modeling counseling through multimedia delivery are three educational strategies with potential.
PULSE: An infrastructure for collection of audience heartbeats for music visualization

In this demo, we present an infrastructure for real-time, crowd sourced heartbeat detection designed for use during a musical performance. Specially designed pulse sensors are used in conjunction with mobile devices to measure, transmit, and synchronize users' individual and collective heartbeat data with procedurally generated visuals as they listen to a pulse inducing musical selection.
Rolling the Dice on Foreclosure Prevention: Differences Across Mortgage Servicers in Loan Modifications and Loan Cure Rates

AbstractMortgage servicing has garnered increased attention since the foreclosure crisis. As the interface between borrowers and investors, servicers make the decision to either grant a loan modification or to foreclose. This study examines servicer loan modification practices for a national sample of delinquent subprime loans, and assesses the extent to which those practices are associated with foreclosures. The research reveals significant differences across servicers in loan cure rates, which are related to servicers’ propensity to offer loan modifications and to the level of relief offered to borrowers. The observed differences across servicers and the implications of this heterogeneity for foreclosure prevention underscore the importance of additional data, research, and policies that can increase the uniformity and transparency of servicing practices.
Simulation of Ventilatory-Induced Stone Movement and Its Effect on Stone Fracture During Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Because ventilation influences renal movement, we investigated the effect of stone motion on the efficiency of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Comparisons of the rates of fragmentation of an experimental model of renal calculi were made between simulated high-frequency jet ventilation at 100 breaths/min. with four-mm. stone movement as measured from the fluoroscope screen, conventional mechanical ventilation at 10 breaths/min. with 32-mm. stone movement as measured from the fluoroscope screen, and a static control. Fragmentation did not differ significantly between high-frequency jet ventilation and no ventilation (static control), but was significantly greater with high-frequency jet ventilation than with conventional ventilation.
Real-time scalable 6DOF pose estimation for textureless objects

Real-time recognition of the 6DOF pose of textureless objects is a fundamental and challenging problem in robotics. We present a novel approach to perform real-time estimation of the viewpoint, scale, and translation of an object in RGB and RGB-D image captures. In this work, we use a 3D model to render example poses of a textureless object, and find the nearest match to the input image using a GPU implementation. To achieve invariance to illumination and appearance across an object, we transform images to the Laplacian of Gaussian space. To perform real-time matching, we introduce a novel reshaping of the template set and the image, and we restructure the traditional normalized cross-correlation operation to leverage the GPU for fast matrix-matrix multiplication. We provide futher speed up of large-scale template matching by contributing a dimensionality reduction approach using principal component analysis, and a candidate elimination method. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance as shown by qualitative results and quantitative comparisons to pre-existing methods.
Immunotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer.

Introduction: Prostate cancer remains a challenge as a target for immunological approaches. The approval of the first cell-based immune therapy, Sipuleucel-T for prostate cancer introduced prostate cancer as a solid tumor with the potential to be influenced by the immune system. Methods: We reviewed articles on immunological management of prostate cancer and challenges that lie ahead for such strategies. Results: Treatments have focused on the identification of novel cell surface antigens thought to be unique to prostate cancer. These include vaccines against carbohydrate and blood group antigens, xenogeneic and naked DNA vaccines, and pox viruses used as prime-boost or checkpoint inhibitors. No single vaccine construct to date has resulted in a dramatic antitumor effect. The checkpoint inhibitor, anti-CTLA-4 has resulted in several long-term remissions, but phase III trials have not demonstrated an antitumor effect or survival benefit. Conclusions: Multiple clinical trials suggest that prostate cancer may not be optimally treated by single agent immune therapies and that combination with biologic agents, chemotherapies, or radiation may offer some enhancement of benefit.
Quality Evaluation of Flaxseed for Food Use Specifications

A Northern Great Plains regional survey of microbiological loads in flaxseed was completed for years 2008 and 2009. Effects of cleaning flaxseed on microbial loads including aerobic plate counts (APCs), mold counts (MCs) yeast counts (YCs), coliform counts (CCs), Escherichia coli counts, and Enterobacteriaceae counts (ECs) were determined. Chemical analyses including oil and linolenic acid -ALA indicated that all flaxseed had near normal oil content. This was the first reported survey for flaxseed. The pre-cleaned flaxseed had an average of 5.7 ± 0.1, 4.1 ± 0.2, 4.5 ± 0.2, 3.6 ± 0.1, and 3.0 ± 0.1 log colony forming units (CFU) g -1 of APC, CC, EC, YC and MC respectively. All counts were higher than those for cleaned seed. No E. coli was detected. The North Dakota-West (ND-W) region flaxseed had higher MC when compared to Canada, ND-North East (ND-NE) and ND-South East (ND-SE) region flaxseed. For APC, the counts were higher in flaxseed from Canada when compared to North Dakota. Cleaning the flaxseed should be considered an important step in reducing the microbial counts and also for maintaining high quality flaxseed.
A composer’s practice

Ted Krueger interviews renowned composer Pauline Oliveros about the development of the Adaptive Use Musical Instrument (AUMI) and its relationship to her history as a composer.
Abstract C19: [Advocate Abstract:] The Buffalo/Niagara Witness Project: Saving Lives

The Buffalo/Niagara Witness Project educates participants on early cancer detection through stories told by breast and cervical cancer survivors in churches and community settings. My poster will show progress made with the project in the Western New York-region over the past five years regarding breast cancer awareness, screening, navigation, and treatment. Citation Format: Averl Anderson. [Advocate Abstract:] The Buffalo/Niagara Witness Project: Saving Lives. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C19.
In-column bonded phase polymerization for improved packing uniformity.

It is difficult to pack chromatographic particles having polymeric-bonded phases because solvents used for making a stable slurry cause the polymer layer to swell. Growth of the polymer inside the column (in situ) after packing was investigated and compared with conventional, ex situ polymer growth. The method of activators generated by electron transfer, along with atom-transfer radical polymerization, enabled polymerization under ambient conditions. Nonporous, 0.62 μm silica particles with silane initiators were used. Polyacrylamide films with a hydrated thickness of 23 nm in 75:25 water/isopropanol grew in 55 min for both in situ and ex situ preparations, and the same carbon coverage was observed. Higher chromatographic resolution and better column-to-column reproducibility were observed for in situ polymer growth, as evaluated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography for the model glycoprotein, ribonuclease B. In situ polymer growth was also found to give lower eddy diffusion, as shown by a narrower peak width for injected acetonitrile in 50:50 acetonitrile/water. When columns were packed more loosely, bed collapse occurred quickly for ex situ, but not for in situ, polymer growth. The higher resolution and stability for in situ polymer growth is explained by packing with hard, rather than soft, contacts between particles.
Differential host responses to parasitism shape divergent fitness costs of infection

Fitness costs of infection are fundamental to understanding the ecology and evolution of host–parasite interactions. However, these costs, and particularly their underlying mechanisms, are challenging to evaluate in wild populations. Here, we quantified total and species-specific costs of gastrointestinal worms on African buffalo, by combining the power of an anthelmintic treatment experiment that perturbed the entire worm community with a longitudinal study that tracked the two most dominant community members. Reducing all worms improved buffalo body condition, which was strongly associated with increases in survival and reproduction. Species-specific analyses revealed that condition-mediated fitness costs of infection differed between parasite species. Hosts that gained the blood-sucking worm Haemonchus, lost condition, and this loss may have been mediated by reductions in forage intake. Hosts that resisted Haemonchus by elevating IL-4 and eosinophil immune defences were able to reduce their parasite loads and gain back condition. Conversely, hosts that gained Cooperia, a less pathogenic worm, gained condition and had higher survival and reproductive success. Elevating immune defences had no effect on Cooperia abundance. Coupled with the positive relationship observed between Cooperia and host condition, our data suggest that hosts might benefit from tolerating Cooperia rather than incurring the costs of resistance. Overall, our study reveals that differential host responses to parasites play a key role in mediating the costs of infection. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Risk Factors for the Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Following Hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND The Pragmatic Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios (PROPPR) study evaluated the effects of plasma and platelets on hemostasis and mortality after hemorrhage. The pulmonary consequences of resuscitation strategies that mimic whole blood, remain unknown. METHODS A secondary analysis of the PROPPR study was performed. Injured patients predicted to receive a massive transfusion were randomized to 1:1:1 versus 1:1:2 plasma-platelet-red blood cell ratios at 12 Level I North American trauma centers. Patients with survival >24 h, an intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and a recorded PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio were included. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was defined as a P/F ratio < 200, with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, and adjudicated by investigators. RESULTS Four hundred fifty-four patients were reviewed (230 received 1:1:1, 224 1:1:2). Age, sex, injury mechanism, and regional abbreviated injury scale (AIS) scores did not differ between cohorts. Tidal volume, positive end-expiratory pressure, and lowest P/F ratio did not differ. No significant differences in ARDS rates (14.8% vs. 18.4%), ventilator-free (24 vs. 24) or ICU-free days (17.5 vs. 18), hospital length of stay (22 days vs. 18 days), or 30-day mortality were found (28% vs. 28%). ARDS was associated with blunt injury (OR 3.61 [1.53-8.81] P < 0.01) and increasing chest AIS (OR 1.40 [1.15-1.71] P < 0.01). Each 500 mL of crystalloid infused during hours 0 to 6 was associated with a 9% increase in the rate of ARDS (OR 1.09 [1.04-1.14] P < 0.01). Blood given at 0 to 6 or 7 to 24 h were not risk factors for lung injury. CONCLUSION Acute crystalloid exposure, but not blood products, is a potentially modifiable risk factor for the prevention of ARDS following hemorrhage.
Determination the Toxicity of Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using HPLC in Diyala River Sediments

In this paper sixteen Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are estimated in sediments in five locations along Diyala River where entering Baghdad city until flows into Tigris River, (PAHs) are organic compounds that contain two or more fused rings. Some of these compounds are classified as carcinogenic and mutagenic pollutants. Soxhlet technique is used in this work to extract PAHs from sediment samples with using methylene chloride as extraction solvent. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV-Vis detector is used for determination of PAHs. According to the results the maximum of total PAHs concentration in the sediment are found in the location No. 4 with1213.02mg/kg in summer and 283.17 mg/kg in winter, while the minimum of total PAHs concentration are found in location No. 1 with 46.42 mg/kg in summer and 16.70 mg/kg in winter. Locations numbers two three and five record values of total PAHs concentration with (148.35, 570.41 and 958.20 mg/kg) respectively in summer and (55.69, 100.47 and 171.55 mg/kg) respectively in winter. Naphthalene, Fluorene, Anthracene and Fluoranthene are the most dominant compounds in summer, while Benzo [k] fluoranthene, Benzo [a] pyrene, Benzo [ghi] perylene, Dibenz [a,h] anthracene and Indino [123cd] pyreneare the least compounds presence in all sites.
Constructed wetlands for greywater recycle and reuse: A review.

Abstract Concern over dwindling water supplies for urban areas as well as environmental degradation from existing urban water systems has motivated research into more resilient and sustainable water supply strategies. Greywater reuse has been suggested as a way to diversify local water supply portfolios while at the same time lessening the burden on existing environments and infrastructure. Constructed wetlands have been proposed as an economically and energetically efficient unit process to treat greywater for reuse purposes, though their ability to consistently meet applicable water quality standards, microbiological in particular, is questionable. We therefore review the existing case study literature to summarize the treatment performance of greywater wetlands in the context of chemical, physical and microbiological water quality standards. Based on a cross-section of different types of wetlands, including surface flow, subsurface flow, vertical and recirculating vertical flow, across a range of operating conditions, we show that although microbiological standards cannot reliably be met, given either sufficient retention time or active recirculation, chemical and physical standards can. We then review existing case study literature for typical water supply disinfection unit processes including chlorination, ozonation and ultraviolet radiation treating either raw or treated greywater specifically. An evaluation of effluent water quality from published wetland case studies and the expected performance from disinfection processes shows that under appropriate conditions these two unit processes together can likely produce effluent of sufficient quality to meet all nonpotable reuse standards. Specifically, we suggest that recycling vertical flow wetlands combined with ultraviolet radiation disinfection and chlorine residual is the best combination to reliably meet the standards.
Optogenetic silencing of immature and mature neurons in dentate gyrus to assess their roles in memory discriminations

Discriminating similar memories and events depends on the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus. This region is also distinctive because neurogenesis continues in adulthood. Whether both mature and immature granule cells play a role in memory discrimination, and whether the roles are distinct is actively investigated. Here we demonstrate that manipulating either mature or immature granule cells can impair discrimination of similar active place avoidance memories, but the manipulations have different effects. We also observe that prior experience modulates which memories are compromised by inactivation of immature neurons. These data demonstrate the importance of the dentate gyrus network of cells for memory discrimination.
The Flexible Battery in Neuropsychological Assessment

This chapter describes an approach referred to as “The Flexible Battery,” in which the examiner chooses test instruments on the basis of the patient’s history and presenting symptoms, and on the basis of the outcome of any prior testing that may have been done. This can also be called “patient-centered testing.” This approach to testing, which this author has held over the years, has only slightly been modified by the appearance of such packages as the Halstead-Reitan and the Luria-Nebraska Batteries. The rationale for this approach arises from the fact that observations of brain-injured patients over the last century have revealed deficits, often of a very specific nature, associated with focal lesions, as well as other deficits that are really quite nonspecific in type. For example, among the highly specific disorders are aphasic language disorders, disorders of facial recognition, disorders of purposeful movement, and hemispatial neglect. Among the nonfocal disorders are deficiencies in abstract thinking, slowness and stickiness of mentation. Memory disorders may, in some cases, be quite nonfocal and, in other cases, rather localizing, depending on the characteristics of the memory disorder.
Pregnancy in epilepsy: issues of concern.

Every pregnancy, even under the best of circumstances, carries risks with it. Having epilepsy and taking medications to treat seizures further increase these risks and not all patients are willing to accept risks. The issues related to pregnancy, epilepsy, and antiepileptic drugs and pregnancy are fraught with confusion and misperceptions. Lay publications may misinform the public by assigning risks to drugs not known to be teratogenic in humans. Women report that their physicians have encouraged them to terminate otherwise wanted pregnancies “just to be on the safe side” which is clearly an excess of caution. In this chapter, we review the most common risk factors and divide them in two broad categories: (a) avoidable or modifiable risk factors and (b) unavoidable or non modifiable risk factors. Physicians counseling women with epilepsy who are pregnant or are planning a pregnancy should make every effort to understand the nature and magnitude of the risks associated with epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs in order to ensure the best possible outcomes in these cases. We discuss preventive measures that, when properly followed, can minimize risks and allow the vast majority of women with epilepsy to give birth to normal children.
Endopyelotomy: Review of Results and Complications

AbstractPercutaneous endopyelotomy augmented by balloon dilation was performed on 27 of 40 patients for the treatment of symptomatic, primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy was performed simultaneously on 12 of 27 patients (44%) for associated calculi. After endopyelotomy 24 of 27 patients became asymptomatic (clinical success rate 89%). Three clinically improved patients demonstrated only radiographic stability, while radiographic improvement was documented in 21 of 27 (radiographic success rate 78%). Adjuvant percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy was successful from the standpoint of stone removal in all patients and no increased morbidity could be identified.Of 27 patients 3 (11%) suffered major complications and are considered failures. Reasons for failure varied and are discussed. Included is a patient who at nephrostography and stent capping became septic and subsequently died. To decrease the risk of sepsis perioperative antibiotics to include at the time of n...
Bidentate organophosphorus compounds as extractants—II: Extraction mechanisms for cerium(III) nitrate

Abstract Mechanisms for the extraction of cerium(III) nitrate from nitric acid solutions were investigated. Tetraamyl methylenediphosphonate (TAMDP) probably extracts trace cerium(III) nitrate by a mechanism that involves two molecules of extractant per cerium ion. However, extraction by dioctyl N,N-diethylcarbamylphosphonate (DODECP) and dihexyl N,N-dibutylcarbamylmethylenephosphonate (DHDBCMP) probably involves three molecules of extractant. Conditions necessary to a valid analysis of extraction data in terms of extraction mechanisms are discussed.
REARRANGEMENT OF THE ALL1 GENE IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA WITHOUT CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS

When the chromosomes of human leukemia cells are viewed through the microscope, aberrations are frequently seen in chromosome structure and number. These abnormalities comprise the gain, loss, or rearrangement of whole chromosomes or chromosome segments. More than 20 years ago, researchers discovered that certain types of chromosomal abnormalities were consistently associated with certain types of leukemia. These observations led to the hypothesis, now shown to be correct, that some types of chromosomal defects are causally related to the formation of leukemia.1
Magnetic Characterization of Cobalt Selenide and Nickel Selenide Thin Films

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are a family of materials whose crystalline structure consists of a layer of transition metal atoms sandwiched between 2 layers of chalcogenide atoms. Some of these materials can be grown in 2D hexagonal phase and show tunability of their electrical and magnetic properties based on layer thickness. One aspect of these materials that has received little attention is their magnetic properties. Hence, we have investigated magnetic properties of CoSe and NiSe (both 2D semiconductors), and their heterostructure. The reason for choosing these intrinsically ferromagnetic transition metal atoms based TMCs was to examine how reduction from the bulk to 2D films would influence the magnetic activity of these samples. In order to produce large area films, we have employed atomic layer deposition (ALD) for growth of uniform, few layer-thick films. First the composition and crystal structure of these films are characterized, and then their magnetic properties analyzed. We have found that thin films of both these materials show mostly paramagnetic behavior.
Physiological effects of silver thiosulfate, (aminooxy)acetic acid, and malonate pulse treatments on the inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis and mode of action in carnations

23 INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE 24 MATERIALS AND METHODS 26 RESULTS 28 DISCUSSION 37 LITERATURE CITED 40 SECTION II. EFFECT OF SILVER THIOSULFATE, (AMINOOXY)ACETIC 43 ACID, AND MALONATE PULSE TREATMENTS ON 1-AMIN0CYCL0PR0PANE-1-CARB0XYLIC ACID SYNTHASE ACTIVITY IN CARNATIONS ABSTRACT 44 INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE 45 MATERIALS AND METHODS 48 RESULTS 50 DISCUSSION 57 LITERATURE CITED 59
Shelf exposure influence on Indo-Pacific Warm Pool climate for the last 450,000 years

Abstract The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool is the largest source of heat and rainfall on Earth, but the mechanisms driving long-term climate variability in this region remain uncertain. Some studies suggest that precessional variations in insolation exert a primary role; alternatively, sea level change may be more important, with exposure of the Sunda and Sahul shelves leading to weakened Walker circulation across the Indian Ocean during glacial periods. The limited number of paleoclimate records from the warm pool that extend beyond the Last Glacial Maximum makes it difficult to test these competing hypotheses. Here, we present a 450,000-year long reconstruction of sea surface temperatures, sub-surface temperatures, and regional vegetation from southern Sumatra. We show that the dominant signal in each record is the 100 ky glacial cycle. We find that both surface and sub-surface temperatures cool during glacial periods, but the sub-surface cools more, reflecting a shoaling of the thermocline. Southern Sumatra and western Java consistently exhibit increased C4 grass coverage and an enhanced dry season during glacial periods. The observed changes in the thermocline and rainfall seasonality are consistent with the shelf exposure mechanism, suggesting that sea level changes exert a prominent role in warm pool climate over glacial-interglacial timescales.
Verbal Quantifiers and Communicating Painkiller Side Effect Risk.

The two studies reported here explore the use of verbal quantifiers (e.g., “common”) as an alternative to the numerical presentation of risk information about prescription drugs. Guided by work on ...
Orthopedic implants and devices for bone fractures and defects: Past, present and perspective

Abstract Bone is a unique tissue that is capable of repairing itself after damage. However, there are certain instances of fractures and defects that require clinical intervention for proper alignment and healing. As with any implant, careful consideration of the material used to create the implants to treat these problems is needed. If the incorrect material is chosen, the implants themselves can lead to bone fractures or defects, or bone healing may not take place at all. All three classes of biomaterials–metals, ceramics, and polymers–have been used in the treatment of both bone fractures and bone defects, and each has its own unique benefits and limitations for its applications. Furthermore, composites of these different materials have also been created to try to take advantage of all the different benefits offered by each different material. This review highlights different materials that have been used for the development of internal fixators and bone graft substitutes to treat fracture and bone defects as well as their limitations and needed future research.
Spironolactone-induced XPB degradation requires TFIIH integrity and ubiquitin-selective segregase VCP/p97

Mineralocorticoid and androgen receptor antagonist, spironolactone, was recently identified as an inhibitor of nucleotide excision repair (NER), acting via induction of proteolysis of TFIIH component Xeroderma Pigmentosum B protein (XPB). This activity provides a strong rationale for repurposing spironolactone for cancer therapy. Here, we report that the spironolactone-induced XPB proteolysis is mediated through ubiquitin-selective segregase, valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97. We show that spironolactone induces a dose- and time-dependent degradation of XPB but not XPD, and that the XPB degradation is blocked by VCP/p97 inhibitors DBeQ, NMS-873, and neddylation inhibitor MLN4924. Moreover, the cellular treatment by VCP/p97 inhibitors leads to the accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates of XPB but not XPD. VCP/p97 knockdown by inducible shRNA does not affect XPB level but compromises the spironolactone-induced XPB degradation. Also, VCP/p97 interacts with XPB upon treatment of spironolactone and proteasome inhibitor MG132, while the VCP/p97 adaptor UBXD7 binds XPB and its ubiquitin conjugates. Additionally, ATP analog-mediated inhibition of Cdk7 significantly decelerates spironolactone-induced XPB degradation. Likewise, engaging TFIIH to NER by UV irradiation slows down spironolactone-induced XPB degradation. These results indicate that the spironolactone-induced XPB proteolysis requires VCP/p97 function and that XPB within holo-TFIIH rather than core-TFIIH is more vulnerable to spironolactone-induced proteolysis. Abbreviations NER: nucleotide excision repair; TFIIH: transcription factor II H; CAK: Cdk-activating kinase (CAK) complex; XPB: Xeroderma Pigmentosum type B; VCP/p97: valosin-containing protein/p97; Cdk7: cyclin-dependent kinase 7; NAE: NEDD8-activating enzyme; IP: immunoprecipitation.
Genetic Analyses of Epigenetic Predictors that Estimate Aging, Metabolic Traits, and Lifespan

DNA methylation (DNAm) clocks are accurate molecular biomarkers of aging. However, the clock mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we used a pan-mammalian microarray to assay DNAm in liver from 339 predominantly female mice belonging to the BXD family. We computed epigenetic clocks and maximum lifespan predictor (predicted-maxLS), and examined associations with DNAm entropy, diet, weight, metabolic traits, and genetic variation. The epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) derived from the clocks, and predicted-maxLS were correlated with lifespan of the BXD strains. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses uncovered significant QTLs on chromosome (Chr) 11 that encompasses the Erbb2/Her2 oncogenic region, and on Chr19 that contains a cytochrome P450 cluster. Both loci harbor candidate genes associated with EAA in humans (STXBP4, NKX2-3, CUTC). Transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed enrichment in oxidation-reduction, metabolic, and mitotic genes. Our results highlight loci that are concordant in human and mouse, and demonstrate intimate links between metabolism, body weight, and epigenetic aging.
Hypervideo

Methods for incorporating video in hypermedia programs are discussed in this article. Hypermedia is defined, and linear and interactive video are contrasted. It is argued that hypermedia presents unique problems in knowledge representation affecting video production, and that techniques are required differing from those for linear video and other forms of interactive video. Suggestions are made for giving interactive video the “look and feel” of hypermedia that primarily involve condensing information and accelerating presentation pace. They are based on the authors' experiences evaluating interactive media and creating “compressed” video programs. Existing media and visual ability research is re-interpreted to support these interactive, “hypervideo” methods.
A Comprehensive Bi-Static Amplitude Compensated Range Migration Algorithm (AC-RMA)

In this paper, a comprehensive form of the range migration algorithm (RMA) is analytically derived for reconstructing the reflectivity function using synthetic aperture imaging techniques. Specifically, amplitude compensation, in addition to the typical phase compensation, is included in the development of the matched filter of the RMA, with the result herein referred to as the amplitude compensated RMA (AC-RMA). To illustrate the improvements offered by the AC-RMA, simulation and measurement (at Ka-band, 26.5 – 40 GHz) are performed to reconstruct the reflectivity function of a target using both RMA and AC-RMA algorithms. The results prove that the AC-RMA is a robust algorithm that can successfully reconstruct the reflectivity function of a target with higher accuracy, regardless of its dielectric properties, including scenarios with low contrast between the dielectric properties of the background and target in the presence of noise. This approach is also independent of the bandwidth of the imaging system and is applicable to multilayer media as well. In addition, while the formulation of the AC-RMA is more complicated than the traditional (phase compensation only) RMA, the processing time necessary for images created with the AC-RMA is just 1.2 times greater than that of the traditional RMA processing time.
'Did Margaret Thatcher Destroy British Manufacturing?': A Note

A significant point of controversy where the legacy of Margaret Thatcher and neoliberalism more broadly are concerned is the fate of Britain's manufacturing base, with critics alleging her policy's destructiveness, and supporters denying the diminution of Britain's position. Examining that base's performance relative to other countries over the 1979-2019 time frame (in particular aggregate and per capita output, the share of manufacturing in British GDP and the British trade balance in manufacturing), and other quantitative and nonquantitative data (like British consumption and production of machine tools, and the character of foreign investment in Britain), it concludes that Britain's manufacturing base has indeed suffered in significant ways next to its past position, and the positions of other advanced industrial countries, without real parallel among them. It also argues that not only has this protracted and severe decline occurred in a context of neoliberal policy, but that specific aspects of this policy (the monetary reforms of the early '80s, and government passivity toward the industrial sector's erosion since) can plausibly be connected with the problems of the country's manufacturing sector as discussed here.
Immunobiology and Immune-Based Therapies of Melanoma

Despite efforts in preventative care, the incidence and mortality rate of melanoma have continued to rise. However, in the past decade, an increasing understanding of melanoma immunology has resulted in tremendous bench to bedside advancements in melanoma therapies. Many of these new treatment modalities have proven efficacious, leading to seven new melanoma therapies receiving FDA approval within the past 5 years. This chapter explores our current understanding of melanoma immunology, with an emphasis on tumor microenvironment and the ability of melanoma to evade immune surveillance. The remainder of the chapter focuses on how this understanding of melanoma immunology has been translated into clinical therapies. These agents include cytokines such as interleukin-2 and interferons, checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 antibodies, and vaccines. For each melanoma therapy, mechanism of action, efficacy, side effects, dosing strategy and future directions will be discussed.
Must helpless man roll darkling

The accelerating expansion of knowledge during the past several decades and the increasing growth in complexity in our society have aggravated both environmental and university problems. Universities must, through mutli‐disciplinary teaching, find ways to focus specialized faculty talent on environmental problems. At Santa Barbara, for example, a program is now flourishing in which faculty contribute to teaching environmental courses but where they remain rooted in their home departments. The departments (discipline oriented) are paid for their contributions to new courses (oriented toward many disciplines). Through such administrative arrangements existing strengths of university organizations are retained as new attention is brought to bear on complex social issues. Programs in environmental studies may therefore lead the way toward needed university reform as they guide students toward better understanding of the complexities of the environment.
A simple nonlinear mBVD model parameter extraction method for intrinsically switchable ferroelectric FBARs

In this paper, a method for extracting the nonlinear mBVD model parameters for intrinsically switchable ferroelectric thin film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) is presented. Ferroelectric FBARs based on BST exhibit an electric field induced piezoelectric effect. This property allows for the design of ferroelectric FBAR based tunable and switchable circuits. Simple yet accurate nonlinear models are essential to accurately predict the nonlinear behavior of such devices. This paper provides the detailed parameter extraction method for BST FBARs. Simulation results for the extracted nonlinear mBVD model for a BST FBAR show very good agreement with measurement results over a wide range of dc bias voltages.