cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“The Breaking of Waves in a Steady Surf”: The Transformative Power of Rhythm and Emotion in Poetry

For poets, the word is often an easy, ready tool. For the client or the unpracticed, however, words can seem removed from or an awkward way to express internal and external experiences. This article considers three preliminary steps to access experience that can then guide us to the realm of words—emotion, rhythm and sound. We use the writings of philosopher Susanne Langer, educator and philosopher John Dewey, poet Mary Oliver, and recent research from the fields of neurocognition and physiology to support our thinking and activity design.
Replication of ancient Egyptian osteotomies of the facial skeleton: insights into the mummification process

Abstract A recent radiographic study of an Egyptian mummified head from the Middle Kingdom revealed methodical mutilations of the facial skeleton that were performed after death and prior to wrapping the corpse for burial. These mutilations consisted of removal of the coronoid processes of the mandible and portions of the zygomas presumably via an intraoral approach. They are unique in the archaeological record. The authors hypothesize that the procedures were carried out to facilitate jaw opening and may be related to a ritual known as the ‘Opening of the Mouth’ ceremony. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of performing these remarkable osteotomies on two human cadavers using instruments similar to those available to the ancient embalmer. Bilateral osteotomies of the zygomas and coronoid processes were carried out transorally and the bones removed. Pre- and postoperative maximal incisal opening measured 25 mm and 53 mm, respectively. Postoperative high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) scans were obtained. Comparison of the postoperative cadaver and mummy CT scans demonstrate remarkable similarity between the resections. Results of this study demonstrate that the ancient skeletal mutilations could have been performed transorally during the mummification process and would have enhanced jaw opening.
American Manufacturers and Foreign Markets, 1870-1900: Business Historians and the "New Economic Determinists"

C Recent diplomatic historians have explained much of American expansionism at the end of the nineteenth century as the product of domestic industrial overcapacity and the resulting need to seek foreign markets. Evidence of business behavior, however, indicates that overseas expansion and exports were not a very important avenue through which U.S. businessmen sought to control prices and output. Indeed, in most of the industries which did engage in significant foreign activities, their expansion was usually the result of genuine competitive advantages rather than a sign of economic ill health. William Appleman Williams' The Tragedy of American Diplomacy is one of the most influential and popular interpretations of the sources of American expansionism. Williams argues that American industry turned out such an oversupply of goods in the late nineteenth century that America was impelled to develop foreign markets to relieve the glutted domestic economy. Manufacturers sought exports, and government policy makers facilitated that search, in order to employ workers periodically idled by economic crises brought on by overproduction and underconsumption.' In his more recent work, The Roots of the Modern American Empire, Williams explored the role of farmers in America's outward thrust "toward overseas markets as a crucial element in the nation's well being." While concentrating on agriculturalists, however, he still maintains that "various elements of the industrial part of the economy . . produced increasing surpluses. They had to be exported if they were to be sold at all." 2
Motivating Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Behaviors using Psychologically Tailored Messages

Tailoring health messages to make them salient to recipients is a strategy to motivate cancer prevention and early detection behaviors. Various tactics can be used to tailor health materials; our approach involves tailoring messages to individual differences in the psychological processes by which people understand health information. To summarize our tailoring approach, we review findings from six field experiments (four published, two pending publication) conducted in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Cancer Information Service (CIS) examining the utility of psychologically tailored messages. Messages were tailored to individual variability in the following: (a) need for cognition, (b) monitor/blunting coping style, (c) health locus of control, and (d) regulatory focus. Collectively, the findings suggest that, as hypothesized, messages congruent with the recipients' psychological style of health information processing (i.e., matched messages) are more persuasive in promoting screening mammography and fruit and vegetable consumption than mismatched messages. This line of research provides evidence for the utility of psychological tailoring as a health communication strategy and direction for developing effective health messages in a variety of settings.
Linear and Non-Linear Kinetics in the Synthesis and Degradation of Acrylamide in Foods and Model Systems

Isothermal acrylamide formation in foods and asparagine-glucose model systems has ubiquitous features. On a time scale of about 60 min, at temperatures in the approximate range of 120−160°C, the acrylamide concentration-time curve has a characteristic sigmoid shape whose asymptotic level and steepness increases with temperature while the time that corresponds to the inflection point decreases. In the approximate range of 160−200°C, the curve has a clear peak, whose onset, height, width and degree of asymmetry depend on the system's composition and temperature. The synthesis-degradation of acrylamide in model systems has been recently described by traditional kinetic models. They account for the intermediate stages of the process and the fate of reactants involved at different levels of scrutiny. The resulting models have 2–6 rate constants, accounting for both the generation and elimination of the acrylamide. Their temperature dependence has been assumed to obey the Arrhenius equation, i.e., each step in ...
Carbon isotope composition of individual amino acids in the Murchison meteorite

A SIGNIFICANT portion of prebiotic organic matter on the early Earth may have been introduced by carbonaceous asteroids and comets1. The distribution and stable-isotope composition of individual organic compounds in carbonaceous meteorites, which are thought to be derived from asteroidal parent bodies, may therefore provide important information concerning mechanistic pathways for prebiotic synthesis2 and the composition of organic matter on Earth before living systems developed3. Previous studies11, 12 have shown that meteorite amino acids are enriched in 13C relative to their terrestrial counterparts, but individual species were not distinguished. Here we report the 13C contents of individual amino acids in the Murchison meteorite. The amino acids are enriched in 13C, indicating an extraterrestrial origin. Alanine is not racemic, and the 13C enrichment of its D- and L-enantiomers implies that the excess of the L-enantiomer is indigenous rather than terrestrial contamination, suggesting that optically active materials were present in the early Solar System before life began.
Employee Stock Options And Diluted Earnings Per Share

At the time of this writing, SFAS No.123 (1995) prescribes GAAP in accounting for employee stock options. It allows firms to choose either the intrinsic or fair value method in determining the amount of compensation expense recognized for employee stock options. The choice of method affects the numerator of the earnings per share (EPS) calculation. The FASB recently issued a revised SFAS No. 123 (2004) which will require uniform application of the fair value method. GAAP also requires that the denominator for the diluted EPS calculation be increased for incremental shares under the treasury stock method. SFAS 128 requires the treasury stock method be applied where the proceeds from the assumed exercise of options are used to acquire shares of the firm’s outstanding stock at the average market price for the period. Previous to SFAS No. 128, APB Opinion No. 15 required that the higher of average or period ending stock price be used in determining the number of shares reacquired with the proceeds from the assumed exercise of stock options. This paper develops a simple one period model that assumes a risk free environment with complete certainty conditions in testing the accuracy of EPS calculated under GAAP using the fair value method vs. the intrinsic value method. The results indicate that EPS reported under the intrinsic value method are overstated, and further indicate that a combination of both the fair value method and the treasury stock method is needed in calculating diluted EPS. This fair value and treasury stock method combination is shown to not “double count” the stock option’s impact upon EPS. The results also indicate a slight misstatement of diluted EPS under the fair value method when applying the treasury stock method requirements of SFAS No. 128. Correct EPS results when shares are assumed reacquired for the treasury at the higher year ending price, consistent with superseded APB 15. However, the diluted EPS misstatement is so slight that the FASB’s rationale for always requiring the use of average period price seems likely to be justified. The findings of this research support the requirements of SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004) and SFAS No. 128.
Reflective Practices in Supervision: Why Thinking and Reflecting Are as Important as Doing

The professionals who work in the child welfare system make critical decisions that have long-term impacts on the lives of children and families, and these case-level determinations must be made with careful consideration. Given the high stakes nature of child welfare work, there is tremendous pressure to “do” something at all times. There is a demand for child welfare workers and supervisors to act but less focus on the actual thinking about cases. Case decisions must be grounded in information secured from multiple sources of data. This task is notably difficult, time consuming, and complex due to high levels of uncertainty. Decisions at all critical junctures in the child welfare system are made with incomplete, insufficient and, at times, contradictory information. In the face of uncertainty, practices that assist workers in improving their decision making are both desirable and appreciated.
Helping Our People “to Jointly Hurry Along the Path to Civilization.” The Everyday Cyclopedia, Riyong baike quanshu 日用百科全書

The notion that a book should provide people with all the knowledge needed to master everyday life is a rather peculiar one. It presupposes that this knowledge is no longer transmitted through a living tradition within a stable social structure, or that such transmitted knowledge is no longer operative in a new environment and that a book is needed to provide the wherewithal of information for a new everyday.
Chronic Neurological Diseases: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, Kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Most subacute and chronic progressive degenerative diseases of the central nervous system of man have been classified as disorders of unknown etiology. Few if any are curable, and, although some are genetically determined, most are sporadic in occurrence and there appears not to be a history of the disease in close relatives. That any one or more of these chronic idiopathic disorders might have infection as their etiology was not recognized until the subacute progressive degenerative heredofamilial disease kuru was transmitted to chimpanzees and was subsequently shown to be serially transmissible in experimental animals inoculated with bacteria-free filtrates of brain tissues from animals dying with the disease. Kuru thus became the first subacute fatal central nervous system disease of man to have a virus-induced “slow infection” established as its etiology.
Catenating the local and the global in Morocco: how mobile phone users have become producers and not consumers

Over a decade ago, a major intellectual shift occurred in global development thinking, stressing local and ‘bottom-up’ market-driven approaches to poverty alleviation over top-down, statist planning. Many principles of this shift are embedded in a development approach referred to as the ‘bottom of the pyramid’. At the same time, some of the claims and outcomes associated with such approaches have met with scathing critiques. I examine some of these debates in the context of mobile phone use among low-income labourers in Morocco. There is no doubt that access to productive resources and greater access to markets can benefit people with low incomes. As I argue, however, there are a number of factors that limit the success of such top-down interventions, perhaps none more so than the level to which economic actors have the ability to shape the use of productive resources and to build local productive networks via such resources. In this sense, perhaps not surprisingly, economic and social development can nev...
Electrorheology of suspensions containing interfacially active constituents.

We recently showed that a suspension of micrometer-sized polystyrene (PS) particles in a PDMS liquid, mixed with small (1 wt %) amounts of a nanocage, sulfonated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (s-POSS), exhibited significant electrorheological (ER) behavior. This behavior was associated with the formation of a thin adsorbed layer of s-POSS onto the surfaces of PS and the subsequent formation of polarization-induced aggregates, or structures, responsible for the ER effect in an applied electric, E, field. Current theory suggests that the ER effect would largely be determined by the dielectric and conductive properties of the conductive layer of core/shell particles in ER suspensions. We show here that sulfonated-PS (s-PS)/PDMS suspensions exhibit further increases in the yield stress of over 200%, with the addition of s-POSS. The yield stress of this system, moreover, scales as τy ∝ E2. The dielectric relaxation studies reveal the existence of a new relaxation peak in the s-POSS/s-PS/PDMS system that...
The anterior interosseous-nerve syndrome, with special attention to its variations.

Ten new cases of paralysis of the interosseous nerve are described and the findings in these cases are correlated with anatomical studies and the findings previously reported in the literature. The hand so paralyzed has a typical appearance with a characteristic disturbance of pinch. The clinical picture is as constant as that presented by other well known peripheral nerve injuries. Recommendations for treatment are offered.
Transforming Uni-national Hegemony: Megaconstitutional Engineering

Even in the most severely divided society, ties of blood do not lead ineluctably to rivers of blood. Donald L. Horowitz 1985, 684 Daring to Dream: Redesigning the Political Order In the previous chapter several modes and specific cases of gradual, mild, and incremental transformation of hegemonic systems were discussed. The cases were judged to be “mild” insofar as the transformation did not result in complete overhaul of the system, let alone its total dismemberment, but resulted in the emergence of new patterns of governmental behaviors or new political institutions. Thus post-Franco Spain saw a transformation from a centralized and ethnicized polity to a decentralized and semifederal one, explicitly recognizing the diverse ethnic character of the Spanish state but without demolishing its essential fabric. Similarly, in the case of Canada over the last four decades there has been an increasing willingness to recognize the unique character of Canada's French-speaking minority yet maintain the polity's fundamental structure. In the case of the United Kingdom, devolution was adopted as a method for Recognizing the traditional ethnic or national mosaic of the British Isles, attempting to change the system, albeit marginally, to head off possible deterioration of relations between the prominent group, the English, and the Scots, Welch, and Irish. Finally, the case of Switzerland in general, and that of the establishment of the Canton Jura in particular, is an example of the ability of the system to adjust to new or intensified pressures by further dividing itself.
Discontinuity of the Bowel Following Damage Control Operation Revisited: A Multi-institutional Study

Discontinuity of the bowel following intestinal injury and resection is a common practice in damage control procedures for severe abdominal trauma. However, there are concerns that complete occlusion of the bowel, especially in the presence of hypotension or edema that may result in ischemic bowel changes or increase bacterial or toxin translocation. This was a retrospective study from three Level-1 trauma centers. Included were trauma patients who required bowel resection and damage control. The study population was stratified into two groups based on the management for bowel injury: bowel discontinuity versus primary anastomosis. Outcomes included anastomotic leak, organ space infection, bowel ischemia, and mortality. A total of 167 cases were included. In 84 cases, continuity of the bowel was established, and in 83, the bowel was left in discontinuity. The epidemiological, admission, and intraoperative physiological characteristics, the abdominal Abbreviated Injury Scale, type of intra-abdominal injury, and transfusion requirements were similar in the two study groups. The mortality was 8.3 % in the continuity group and 16.9 % for the discontinuity group (p = 0.096). On the crude bivariate and adjusted regression analyses, there was a higher rate of bowel ischemia at the take-back operation in the discontinuity group (p = 0.003 for the crude and p = 0.034 for the adjusted). The organ space infection and anastomotic leak rate were not significantly different between the study groups. Discontinuity of the bowel following damage control operation is associated with a higher risk of bowel ischemia than in patients with anastomosis. Further prospective observational and randomized studies are warranted. III.
NAPE Summit just around the corner

Whether you're interested in buying or selling a drilling deal, marketing acreage, researching basins, or seeing demonstrations of the newest upstream E&P technology offerings, the 2017 North American Prospect Expo (NAPE) Summit Meeting is the place to be.
Global Trends in Early Childhood Practice: Working within the Limitations of The Global Education Reform Movement

Introduction to Global Education Review: Global Trends in Early Childhood Practice: Working within the Limitations of The Global Education Reform Movement. The Global Education Reform Movement, also known as GERM, is rooted in economic theory and neoliberal thinking. The trends associated with GERM – such as the standardization of teaching and learning, over-emphasis of core subjects of mathematics and literacy, test-based high-stakes accountability and testing, prescribed curriculum, privatization, parental choice, and increased control over students and teachers – have infiltrated the everyday practice of teachers and practitioners in the field and remain a deep cause for concern.
Arrestin-3: The Structural Basis of Lower Receptor Selectivity

Arrestin-3 (β-arrestin2) is the second member of the non-visual arrestin subfamily cloned. Together with arrestin-2 (β-arrestin1), it is responsible for arrestin function outside the visual system. Arrestins 2 and 3 are multi-functional proteins, originally identified as important for termination of signaling through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), but now recognized as versatile regulators of signaling and trafficking of most GPCRs, as well as signaling switches controlling the balance between G protein-dependent and -independent GPCR signaling. Arrestin-3 is notably the least selective arrestin family member in that it binds a wide variety of GPCRs and that binding is less dependent on receptor activation and phosphorylation than for other arrestin subtypes. A recently determined arrestin-3 structure reveals that the basal conformation of arrestin-3 is similar to other arrestins, and that similar molecular interactions stabilize the basal state in all arrestins. A disruption of a structural element in the C-domain of arrestin-3 has been implicated as the cause of the reduced selectivity of arrestin-3. Here we compare the basal arrestin-3 structure with the recently determined structure of an activated receptor-bound arrestin-1.
Link performance improvement via design variables optimization in LED-based VLC system for inter-satellite communication

In our previous paper, we examined the utility of LEDs for inter-satellite communication (ISC) in multiple small satellite networks and proposed an approach of the physical layer design that meets the requirements of the platform in terms of the critical physical layer design variables. These variables (or parameters) include the LED transmit power, photodetector active area, receiver bandwidth and link distance. One of the most important tasks for the visible light communication (VLC) system designer is how to ensure the required balance or trade-off among these variables in order to achieve the desired performance. In this work, we employed multi-objective optimization to determine physical layer design variables at which the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the VLC receiver is maximized. We used the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) in MATLAB to determine the Pareto front of two conflicting objective functions, and then extracted the optimal solution using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Analysis of the optimal solution showed that it yielded the maximum SNR within the set of non-dominated solutions at the Pareto front. We showed that using multi-objective optimization techniques for assignment of parameter values can yield more than 3 dB improvement in the SNR.
A Thought on Terminal Care in Japan

Dr. Robert Veatch’s article, ‘Autonomy and communitarianism: The ethics of terminal care in cross-cultural perspective,’ briefs on the history of terminal care in the U.S., which has taken shape within an establishment of individualism. He points out that today’s terminal care ethics in the U.S. is the result of thorough disputes and discussions in courts, ethical committees and scholarly articles. I am particularly interested in his observation that recently a concept of communitarianism has emerged over against the philosophy of individualism. Is this because there have been some problems with the individualistic approach to terminal care?
The Import of History to Corporate Law

This article explores the ways in which history can be useful in teaching directors’ duties, specifically the duty to monitor. I argue that the Delaware courts’ changing views of directors’ duties reflect a broader shift — from a corporate law grounded in business practice to one anchored in, and ultimately trumped by, modern finance theory. As the article explores the influence of business practice in the mid-century years, law’s emphasis on structure and process in the 1970s and 1980s, and ultimately the triumph of finance over law in the 1990s, it also discusses how the rhetoric of care, business judgment, and good faith helped assure investors that they could trust their corporate managers while rendering the duty to monitor (and the duty of care more broadly) inconsequential.
Pancreaticojejunostomy: How I Do It

In this chapter, a simple, safe technique for pancreaticojejunal anastomosis is described and illustrated. I favor a variant of the two-layer Blumgart pancreaticojejunostomy characterized by (a) transpancreatic sutures that invaginate the pancreatic parenchyma into the jejunum and (b) a duct-to-mucosa anastomosis on the antimesenteric side of the bowel. The technique can be taught relatively effortlessly to surgical trainees and may be used irrespective of gland texture or pancreatic duct diameter.
Use of a Model Wellness Policy May Not Increase the Strength and Comprehensiveness of Written School Wellness Policies.

Background Many state agencies have developed model wellness policies (MWPs) to serve as examples for schools when writing their own school wellness policy (SWP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate if a MWP aids schools in writing stronger, more comprehensive SWPs. Methods For this cross-sectional study, 91 school districts submitted their current SWP and completed a survey that classified districts into either districts that utilized the state MWP (N = 56; 61.5%) or those that did not (NMWP, N =35; 38.5%). The Wellness School Assessment Tool (WellSAT) was used to assess the strength, comprehensiveness, total overall score, and subsection scores of each policy. Dependent variables were compared between groups using t tests. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ .05. Data are presented as mean ±SD. Results No significant differences were found between groups in total overall (MWP 76.8 ± 37.9; NMWP 62.1 ± 34.3), strength (MWP 25.3 ± 17.6; NMWP 19.1 ± 12.8), or comprehensiveness scores (MWP 51.5 ± 21.2; NMWP 43.0 ± 22.1). The only subsection score difference identified between groups was the Nutrition Standards comprehension score (p = .02). Conclusions These data suggest MWPs may not improve the quality of written SWPs. Further research is needed to better understand the needs of school districts in SWP development.
Effects of NMDA Antagonists and Temperature on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow

A large body of experimental data supports the excitotoxic hypothesis of ischemic brain damage [1,2], where the ischemic insult results in a massive pathological release of excitatory amino acids that eventually leads to a lethal influx of calcium into the neurons. within the framework of excitotoxic ischemic injury, blockade of NMDA receptors and calcium channels may prevent neuronal damage and death [1]. This therapeutic strategy, therefore, relies primarily on the prevention of pathologic activation of NMDA-gated calcium channels, and does not involve improvements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) per se. Mild to moderate hypothermia also appears to protect against cerebral ischemic injury [3,4]. Changes in temperature of a few degrees can significantly decrease the release of excitotoxic amino acids during the ischemic episode [4]. However, it is possible that NMDA antagonists and hypothermia may also influence blood flow, either directly, through secondary alterations related to cerebral metabolism, or by modifications of normal autoregulatory mechanisms including changes in metabolism-flow coupling. There changes may also vary with the specific type of NMDA antagonist, dose, animal species, the use of anesthesia, and the degree of hypothermia involved.
Workplace Disability Management: International Trends and Perspectives

The social and economic costs of injury and disability in the workplace has had an adverse impact on employers and societies throughout the world. International trends in worksite disability management policies and practices, as surveyed by the International Labor Organization, are explored. The impact of formal training for Disability Management Coordinators is discussed, as relates to reductions in unnecessary lost time and workplace disability costs. A disability management audit system is summarized, as a strategic planning process for developing return-to-work programs for workers with disabilities.
Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief: A Selected Bibliography

This bibliography is constructed, in the main, of books and articles published in the last 20 years, which pertain to or are related to the topic of the book. The bibliography has four sections: (I) Books and Anthologies, (II) Selected Reviews of those books, (III. A) Articles pertaining to the topic of the book and (III.B) Articles on related topics. No section contains an exhaustive compilation of materials, although an attempt was made not to omit any major contribution in the first three sections. Section III.B deals chiefly, but not exclusively, with articles on paradoxes of confirmation, including Goodman’s new riddle of induction and Miller’s paradox of information; the problems of confirmation theory and attempts to define measures of degrees of confirmation; simplicity; explanation; the logic of knowledge and belief; and analyses of empirical knowledge. For bibliographies of earlier material, see Keynes [50], Carnap [16], and von Wright [118]; for more recent literature see Kyburg [55] and [571] and Hilpinen [356].
Nucleic Acid Extraction Techniques

Molecular diagnostics relies on the extraction and purification of genomic or viral nucleic acids for subsequent analysis. While DNA and RNA are present in all nucleated cells, special care must be taken to extract relatively pure, high-molecular-weight nucleic acids for testing. This article reviews the various methodologies for both manual and automated extractions and provides a review of the literature comparing the more labor-intensive manual extraction methods with automated technology. Additionally, important points on quality assessment of DNA and RNA are addressed.
Disentangling radiative corrections using the high-mass Drell-Yan process at the LHC

We present a detailed numerical study of lepton-pair production via the Drell-Yan process above the $Z$-peak at the LHC. Our results consistently combine next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections and next-to-leading order electroweak effects, and include the leading photon-initiated processes using a recent extraction of the photon distribution function. We focus on the effects of electroweak corrections and of photon-photon scattering contributions, and demonstrate which kinematic distributions exhibit sensitivity to these corrections. We show that a combination of measurements allows them to be disentangled and separately determined.
The Role of Physical Appearance in Infant and Child Development

Physical appearance cues convey much information about another person during a social encounter. Not only are such characteristics as gender, age, attractiveness, and body type immediately obvious, but knowledge of these characteristics may elicit a host of assumptions about the person’s personality characteristics and expected behavior patterns. Recent social psychological research (Adams, 1977; Berscheid & Walster, 1974) attests to the salience and power of physical appearance in social interactions among adults. Our society’s preoccupation with physical appearance, as reflected by the cosmetic, diet, and fashion industries, also points to the significance of this variable in everyday life.
Metabolic imaging of patients with cardiomyopathy

The cardiomyopathies comprise a diverse group of illnesses that can be characterized functionally by several techniques. However, the delineation of derangements of regional perfusion and metabolism have been accomplished only relatively recently with positron emission tomography (PET). Regional myocardial accumulation and clearance of 11C-palmitate, the primary myocardial substrate under most conditions, demonstrate marked spatial heterogeneity when studied under fasting conditions or with glucose loading. PET with 11C-palmitate permits the noninvasive differentiation of patients with nonischemic from ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, since patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy demonstrate large zones of intensely depressed accumulation of 11C-palmitate, probably reflecting prior infarction. Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Duchenne's muscular dystrophy demonstrate relatively unique patterns of myocardial abnormalities of perfusion and metabolism. The availability of new tracers and techniques for the evaluation of myocardial metabolism (11C-acetate), perfusion (H2(15)O), and autonomic tone (11-C-hydroxyephedrine) should facilitate further understanding of the pathogenesis of the cardiomyopathies.
Water Transactions as an Urban Water Supply Strategy

In the early years of water market development in the western United States, urban growth was the primary motivation for water transactions. Municipalities have engineered various types of water transfers over the past several decades, as they have sought to supply new residential and commercial customers and to drought-proof their supplies. While water transfers continue to be important for urban growth, they have also become a valuable tool for environmental protection and restoration. Some environmental advocates embrace voluntary transfers as a means to encourage water conservation, stretch scarce regional water resources and to replace the hostility created by litigation and forced administrative reallocations with collaborative interactions. Native American tribal governments also have an interest in water transfers (De Coteau, 2000). In some cases, tribes lease their water to others, while in other instances they seek water for reservation needs. Recreation advocates urge transfers to provide water for Whitewater rafting, sport fisheries and other recreational uses. Large-scale industrial users, such as power plants, mines, breweries and microchip plants buy, sell and lease water as their needs change. The agricultural sector is central to water transactions because crop irrigation is the primary consumptive use of water in most of the west. Therefore, agriculture is the sector which others look to for water.14.
Rates of return as informer of public policy

Policy makers often employ rate of return (RoR) information in formulating public resource allocation decisions. A noteworthy present example is the World Bank, which uses RoR to advise Third World countries (TWCs) as they set student subsidy levels, tuition levels, and allocations by level of education (i.e., elementary, secondary, higher). This paper demonstrates that in the main RoR may be inappropriate policy devices for such aims because (1) major validity problems surround RoR formulations, (2) emphasis upon average RoR may misinform policy, and (3) RoR calculations are more sensitive to cost than benefits variations. It is concluded that true RoR to education are higher than conventionally estimated and in most cases support increased public resource allocations to various levels of education. Further, RoR evidence does not support reallocations from higher to lower educational levels, and World Bank advice to TWCs, most notably sub-Saharan Africa, may be in error.
Scattering by Ensemble of Hydrometeors: Polarimetric Perspective

Scattering by an ensemble of particles is presented and the weighting in range imposed by the pulse shape and receiver filter is quantified. It is shown that the powers and correlations of the polarimetric signals are the fundamental measurands and the combination of these produces the polarimetric variables useful for interpretation of radar returns. The polarimetric radar equation is derived and the basic polarimetric variables measured in various modes of radar operation (with simultaneous or alternate transmission/reception) are defined. The effects of particles orientation are discussed in detail and analytical formulas for the angular moments which are part of closed-form solutions for various scattering quantities are presented.
Long-term Associations Between Substance Use-Related Media Exposure, Descriptive Norms, and Alcohol Use from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

Adolescents and young adults in the United States are constantly exposed to substance-related media and advertising content. The current study seeks to explore, developmentally, how exposure to substance-related media content influences both normative beliefs about peer alcohol use and individual alcohol use. Youth (N = 4‚840; 50.6% female) were followed for ten years from age 12 to 22. Auto-regressive latent trajectory with structured residual (ALT-SR) models were used to explore within-person reciprocal associations between substance-related media content, descriptive norms, and alcohol use. Results indicated that‚ across adolescence and young adulthood, exposure to substance-related media content was associated with increased alcohol use via perceived alcohol norms. The pathway from media exposure to alcohol use was mediated by increased perceived norms for adolescents only. With screen time increasing over the last decade, it is important to invest resources into real-time interventions that address substance-related social media content as it relates to misperceived norms and to begin these interventions in early adolescence.
Multimorbidity patterns and their association with survival in a large national cohort of older veterans with multiple myeloma.

8033Background: The majority of older adults carry two or more chronic conditions (multimorbidity). Although comorbidity in multiple myeloma (MM) has often been described with comorbidity counts, t...
Mid-term outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty using the alternative center line for glenoid baseplate fixation: a case-controlled study.

Background A critical step in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is glenoid baseplate fixation. In cases of glenoid bone loss, use of the anatomic glenoid center line may not provide sufficient bone support for fixation. Anteversion along the alternative center line is a described method for achieving baseplate fixation in these cases. However, concern remains regarding negative consequences in functional outcomes and complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of RSA using the anatomic or alternative center line. Methods We performed a retrospective case-controlled study of patients who underwent RSA between November 2006 and August 2017, performed by a single surgeon, with a minimum of 2 years' follow-up. Patients treated with the anatomic center-line technique for baseplate fixation were matched 3:1 based on sex, indication for surgery, and age with patients treated with the alternative center-line technique. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), active range of motion, and the ability to perform functional tasks of internal rotation were compared. Evaluations of the most recently obtained radiographs focused on acromial fractures, scapular notching, and glenoid loosening. Results A total of 88 patients (66 in anatomic center-line group and 22 in alternative group) participated in the matched analysis, with a mean age of 74.2 years (range, 58-89 years) and mean follow-up period of 53 months (range, 24-130 months). At the final follow-up, we found no significant differences in PROMs, including the Simple Shoulder Test score (P = .829), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (P = .601), visual analog scale pain score (P = .068), and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score (P = .674). Moreover, both the overall improvements in these PROMs and all active motions and functional tasks of internal rotation were not different. No radiographic evidence of glenoid loosening was found in either group, and 2 patients in each cohort (3% of the anatomic group and 9% of the alternative group) experienced an acromial fracture. Low-grade scapular notching developed in 15.2% of the anatomic group and 18.2% of the alternative center line group (P = .736). Conclusion The alternative center line can be used for baseplate fixation in the setting of glenoid bone loss and leads to similar patient outcomes and functional tasks of internal rotation, as well as a low rate of complications, compared with the anatomic center line following RSA.
Resilient Stream Processing in Edge Computing

The proliferation of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices is rapidly increasing the demands for efficient processing of low latency stream data generated close to the edge of the network. A large number of IoT applications require continuous processing of data streams in real-time. Examples include virtual reality applications, connected autonomous vehicles and smart city applications. Although current distributed stream processing systems offer various forms of fault tolerance, existing schemes do not understand the dynamic characteristics of edge computing infrastructures and the unique requirements of edge computing applications. Optimizing fault tolerance techniques to meet latency requirements while minimizing resource usage becomes a critical dimension of resource allocation and scheduling when dealing with latency-sensitive IoT applications in edge computing. In this paper, we present a novel resilient stream processing framework that achieves system-wide fault tolerance while meeting the latency requirements for edge-based applications. The proposed approach employs a novel resilient physical plan generation for stream queries and optimizes the placement of operators to minimize the processing latency during recovery and reduces the overhead of checkpointing. We implement a prototype of the proposed techniques in Apache Storm and evaluate it in a real testbed. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach is highly effective and scalable while ensuring low latency and low-cost recovery for edge-based stream processing applications.
Federal Sentencing Guidelines

The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations (FSGO), created in 1991 by the United States Sentencing Commission, address consistency in sentencing organizations convicted of failing to comply with the law. The Guidelines provide incentives for good corporate behavior through significant reduction of sentencing and, financial penalties if the organization demonstrates seven elements of an effective compliance program. In 2004, the FSGO were updated to include an emphasis on the importance of creating and sustaining a culture committed to ethical behavior and compliance with the law. Keywords: federal sentencing guidelines; compliance programs; ethics and compliance; United States Sentencing Commission
Open Service Platform Based Context-Aware Services across Home

Context aware applications and social networks have been used every where and any time sole. This paper purposes a novel platform to integrate these two applications across home to home by making user of the popular middleware gateways. The specified platform can increase the social activity between the people live in different homes and decrease disaster happening to let they feel they are likely to live in the same house. In additional, the context aware applications can let home to be can think and response to changes in the computing environment.
Metaphors of mind: Conceptions of the nature of intelligence.

Preface List of tables Part I. Introduction: 1. Metaphors as foundations for theories of intelligence Part II. Definitions of Intelligence: 2. Historical views of intelligence 3. Contemporary views of intelligence 4. The seminal views of Galton and Binet Part III. Theories of Intelligence Looking Inward: 5. The geographic metaphor 6. The computational metaphor 7. The biological metaphor 8. The epistemological metaphor Part IV. Theories of Intelligence Looking Outward: 9 The anthropological metaphor 10. The sociological metaphor Part V. Theories of Intelligence Looking Inward and Outward: 11. The systems metaphor 12. Implications of the metaphorical approach.
INTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT DECOMPOSITIONS

This paper describes a methodology for the analysis of product design decompositions. The technique is useful for developing an understanding of the "system engineering" needs which arise because of complex interactions between components of a design. This information can be used to define the product architecture and to organize the development teams. The method involves three steps: 1) decomposition of the system into elements, 2) documentation of the interactions between the elements, and 3) clustering the elements into architectural and team chunks. By using this approach, development teams can better understand the complex interactions within the system, thus simplifying the development process for large and complex projects. arranged in chunks. The choice of product architecture has broad implications for product performance, product change, product variety, and manufacturability. Product architecture is also strongly coupled to the firm's development capability, manufacturing specialties, and product strategy. Selecting the proper architecture of the product is an extremely influential decision which must be made during the concept development and system-level design phases of the project; the architecture defines the sub-systems upon which the team will work for the bulk of the development effort. In product development, analysis of the product decomposition provides valuable insight into the structure of the problem and the choice of architecture. The integration analysis presented in this paper considers the interactions which occur between the elements of the decomposition. The building blocks (called chunks) which result from integration analysis can be used to define the product architecture and to structure the development teams. Examples of architecture and team structure can be found in any highly engineered product. In the automobile industry, development programs include hundreds or thousands of team members. It would be impractical to design the entire vehicle at once (too complex); nor would it be possible to develop the thousands of components one at a time (too slow). The vehicle is decomposed into a few major systems: body, powertrain, chassis, interior, climate control, electrical, and trim. Each of these major systems is in turn decomposed into a large number of sub-systems, resulting in hundreds of interconnected pieces with names like: passenger restraint system, fuel delivery system, remote entry system, etc. Finally, these sub-systems are decomposed into component parts which are designed and tested individually and together. The decomposition of the vehicle into sub-systems and components facilitates the rapid development of the individual pieces, yet this strategy does not address the needs for integration of the components' functions during the development process.
A peptide derived from cyclin‐dependent kinase activator (p35) specifically inhibits Cdk5 activity and phosphorylation of tau protein in transfected cells

Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5) is a serine/threonine kinase activated by its neuron-specific activator, p35, or its truncated form, p25. It has been proposed that the deregulation of Cdk5 activity by association with p25 in human brain tissue disrupts the neuronal cytoskeleton and may be involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, we demonstrate that a short peptide (amino acid residues 154–279; Cdk5 inhibitory peptide; CIP), derived from p35, specifically inhibits Cdk5 activity in vitro and in HEK293 cells cotransfected with the peptide and Cdk5/p25, but had no effect on endogenous cdc2 kinase activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that the phosphorylation of tau in HEK293 cells, cotransfected with Cdk5/p25 and CIP, is effectively reduced. These results suggest that CIP specifically inhibits both Cdk5/p25 complex activity and the tau hyperphosphorylation induced by Cdk5/ p25. The elucidation of the molecular basis of p25 activation and CIP inhibition of Cdk5 activity may provide insight into mechanisms underlying the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease and contribute to therapeutic strategies.