cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CCL25/CCR9 Interactions Regulate Large Intestinal Inflammation in a Murine Model of Acute Colitis

Background & Aims CCL25/CCR9 is a non-promiscuous chemokine/receptor pair and a key regulator of leukocyte migration to the small intestine. We investigated here whether CCL25/CCR9 interactions also play a role in the regulation of inflammatory responses in the large intestine. Methods Acute inflammation and recovery in wild-type (WT) and CCR9−/− mice was studied in a model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Distribution studies and phenotypic characterization of dendritic cell subsets and macrophage were performed by flow cytometry. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) scores were assessed and expression of inflammatory cytokines was studied at the mRNA and the protein level. Results CCL25 and CCR9 are both expressed in the large intestine and are upregulated during DSS colitis. CCR9−/− mice are more susceptible to DSS colitis than WT littermate controls as shown by higher mortality, increased IBD score and delayed recovery. During recovery, the CCR9−/− colonic mucosa is characterized by the accumulation of activated macrophages and elevated levels of Th1/Th17 inflammatory cytokines. Activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) accumulate in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of CCR9−/− animals, altering the local ratio of DC subsets. Upon re-stimulation, T cells isolated from these MLNs secrete significantly higher levels of TNFα, IFNγ, IL2, IL-6 and IL-17A while down modulating IL-10 production. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that CCL25/CCR9 interactions regulate inflammatory immune responses in the large intestinal mucosa by balancing different subsets of dendritic cells. These findings have important implications for the use of CCR9-inhibitors in therapy of human IBD as they indicate a potential risk for patients with large intestinal inflammation.
Sulcus Vocalis (Type III): Prevalence and Strobovideolaryngoscopy Characteristics.

Summary Objectives The reported prevalence of sulcus vocalis (SV)/type III, a pathologic groove in the vibratory margin of the vocal fold, varies greatly in the literature. Difficulties in visualizing the defect and a variety of descriptions have complicated the evaluation of SV. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of SV by reviewing strobovideolaryngoscopy (SVL) examinations in subjects with and without dysphonia. Study Design Retrospective chart review. Methods Charts and SVL images were reviewed for subjects with and without dysphonia and analyzed using standard statistical techniques. Results SVL images were reviewed for 94 nondysphonia subjects and 100 dysphonia subjects. For all subjects, 19.6% had type I, 2.1% had type II, and 5.7% had type III/SV. Per vocal fold, 14.7% had type I, 1.3% had type II, 3.1% had type III/SV and 13.1% had scar. The prevalence of SV per subject was not significantly different between the two groups (8% of dysphonia subjects, 3.2% of nondysphonia subjects). Male gender, decreased amplitude, decreased waveform, and hypodyamic motion were significantly higher in the dysphonia SV subjects compared with the non-SV subjects. All other SVL characteristics were not significantly different in subjects with SV compared with non-SV subjects. Conclusions We report a prevalence of SV/type III at 3.1% (per vocal fold) and 5.7% (per subject). Higher frequencies of male gender and waveform abnormalities were seen in the dysphonia SV subjects only. There were no significant differences in nondysphonia subjects with or without SV.
Attractors for discrete periodic dynamical systems

A mathematical framework is introduced to study attractors of discrete, nonautonomous dynamical systems which depend periodically on time. A structure theorem for such attractors is established which says that the attractor of a time-periodic dynamical system is the union of attractors of appropriate autonomous maps. If the nonautonomous system is a perturbation of an autonomous map, properties that the nonautonomous attractor inherits from the autonomous attractor are discussed. Examples from population biology are presented.
Low energy/cost desalination: low dose and low mean ion resident time in concentrate stream of electro-dialysis reversal

Species, dose, and mean ion resident time (MIRT c ) in the concentrate of electro-dialysis reversal (EDR) desalination are analysed. In the classical EDR, dimensions, flow, and velocity of dilute and concentrate are equal; Langelier saturation index (LSI) and CaSO 4 saturation are used to control the scaling and fouling processes in concentrate, as such LSI 3 from fouling and CaSO 4 saturation level 4 from precipitation. If LSI is more than allowable limit, acid is added in concentrate to keep CaCO 3 continuously dissolving; if CaSO 4 saturation level in concentrate is more than the allowable limit, sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is added in concentrate to maintain CaSO 4 dissolving. EDR, however, was successfully modernised to operate with the higher water recovery rate (R) without any anti-scalant and without acid; this new EDR operated with LSI at 2.29 and CaSO 4 saturation level 358.9% at lower dose and lower MIRT c . Dose and MIRT c are proposed to address the controlling process. Monographs for the acids and SHMP requirements, and for the desalting cost including desalting power, membrane surface area, and chemicals usage, are developed. By lowering R and polar reversal interval, EDR can be operated at MIRT c c
Analysis of Energy Efficiency in Fading Channels under QoS Constraints

Energy efficiency in fading channels in the presence of QoS constraints is studied. Effective capacity, which provides the maximum constant arrival rate that a given process can support while satisfying statistical delay constraints, is considered. Spectral efficiency-bit energy tradeoff is analyzed in the low-power and wideband regimes by employing the effective capacity formulation, rather than the Shannon capacity, and energy requirements under QoS constraints are identified. The analysis is conducted for the case in which perfect channel side information (CSI) is available at the receiver and also for the case in which perfect CSI is available at both the receiver and transmitter. In particular, it is shown in the low-power regime that the minimum bit energy required in the presence of QoS constraints is the same as that attained when there are no such limitations. However, this performance is achieved as the transmitted power vanishes. Through the wideband slope analysis, the increased energy requirements at low but nonzero power levels are determined. A similar analysis is also conducted in the wideband regime, and minimum bit energy and wideband slope expressions are obtained. In this regime, the required bit energy levels are found to be strictly greater than those achieved when Shannon capacity is considered. Overall, an energy-delay tradeoff is characterized.
Morphogenetic interactions occurring between blastemas and stumps after exchanging blastemas between normal and double-half forelimbs in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum.

Abstract Regeneration blastemas were exchanged between surgically constructed forelimbs comprised of symmetrical tissues (double-anterior and double-posterior) and normal, unoperated forelimbs. Normal blastemas grafted at the stage of medium bud (MB) onto double-half forelimb stumps regenerated normal skeletal patterns in nearly all cases. Double-half blastemas transplanted at the stage of MB onto normal forelimb stumps did not regenerate complete limb patterns. These results indicate that a double-half blastema cannot be “rescued” by transplantation to a normal stump and that a double-half limb stump does not interfere with the ability of a normal blastema to distally transform. The regeneration blastema possesses sufficient positional information at the stage of MB to permit it to develop autonomously. Supernumerary forelimbs resulted from several types of graft-stump combinations. The location and handedness of these supernumerary limbs are predicted by the rules of a recently presented model for pattern regulation in epimorphic fields [French, V., Bryant, P. J., and Bryant, S. V. (1976). Science 193, 969–981].
Words as Battle Cries: Symbiogenesis and the New Field of Endocytobiology

Our minds are incarcerated by our words. The biological term symbiosis has been used in a way that obscures not only its literal meaning but also the phenomenon’s instrumental role in evolution. Biology textbooks define “symbiosis” anthropocentrically—as mutually helpful relationships or animal benefits, implying social contract or cost-benefit analysis by the partners. This definition is silly—symbiosis is a widespread biological phenomenon that preceded by eons the human world and the invention of money.
Tau neurofibrillary pathology and microtubule stability.

We previously reported that nonomolar concentrations of Taxol and several structurally diverse microtubule (MT)-stabilizing agents significantly enhanced the survival of neurons in the presence of fibrils of amyloid β peptide (Aβ). Pretreatment of neurons with MT-stabilizing drugs also blocked Aβ-induced activation of tau hyperphosphorylation. Although tau is a substrate for several kinases, we initially focused on cdk5, as this tau kinase has been shown to be activated in Aβ-treated neurons and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain. In an in vitro kinase assay, Taxol inhibited activation of cdk5 by Aβ. In addition, the proposed cellular cascade in which calpain activation leads to cleavage of the cdk5 regulator, p35, to the strong kinase activator p25 was also prevented. Taxol did not directly inhibit the activity of either cdk5 or calpain, indicating that other cellular components are required for the effect of the drug on Aβ activation of tau phosphorylation. Our results suggest that drugs that interact with MTs can alter signaling events in neurons, possibly because some MTs play a role in organizing protein complexes involved in responses to Aβ. Thus the cytoskeletal network may serve as a biosensor of cellular well-being.
Approximating the effects of diffusion on reversible reactions at the cell surface: ligand-receptor kinetics

We consider the problem of determining the time dependence of the bound ligand concentration for the reversible binding of a diffusing monovalent ligand to receptors uniformly distributed over the surface of a spherical cell. We start by formulating a boundary value problem that captures the essential physics of this situation. We then introduce a systematic approximation scheme based on the method of weighted residuals. By this means we convert the initial boundary value problem into a simpler problem that requires solving only a small number of ordinary differential equations. We show how, at the lowest order of approximation, the method can be used to obtain modified chemical rate equations where, in place of fundamental rate constants, effective rate coefficients appear. These rate coefficients are functions of the ligand diffusion coefficient, the cell radius, the receptor density and other variables. We compare exact and approximate solutions and discuss under what conditions the approximate equations can be used. We also apply the method of weighted residuals to obtain approximate descriptions of the binding kinetics when (1) there are two different cell surface receptor populations that bind the ligand and (2) the cell secretes a ligand that can bind back to receptors on the cell (autocrine binding).
Juvenile osteomalacia in a coyote.

Juvenile osteomalacia was diagnosed in a 1-month-old coyote puppy (Canis latrans incolatus) reared on an artificial diet. Hematologic and radiographic findings during the course of the disease are presented. A successful treatment regime consisting of administration of parenteral and oral calcium and supportive treatment is outlined.
Determination of ethchlorvynol in body tissues and fluids after embalmment

A 54 year-old female expired at her residence. Her husband, a physician, signed a certificate stating that her death was due to cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and released her body to a funeral home, where she was embalmed. Since the deceased had a long history of medical problems and drug abuse, an autopsy was performed and no evidence of CVA was found. Toxicological analyses of body fluids and tissues revealed the presence of ethchlorvynol in high concentration in the bile (112 mg/l). The bloody fluid collected from the heart contained a concentration of ethchlorvynol below the limit for quantitation. Other findings included phenobarbital (32.8 mg/l) in heart bloody fluid and methanol (an ingredient of embalming fluid). The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to embalmment prior to autopsy and toxicological analyses. Ethchlorvynol concentration in the bile is compared to other fatal cases due to ethchlorvynol overdose.
Electrostatic Effects on Model Bilayer Stability and Structure

Cellular membranes consist largely of phospholipids, making phospholipids important players for cell processes and cell-cell interactions. Electrostatics are postulated to control structure and function in lipid bilayers. While the effects are largely acknowledged, the mechanisms underlying electrostatic mediated processes are less clear. We have utilized Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), laser transmission spectroscopy (LTS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to monitor the structure and chemical interactions that occur in the classic 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DPPS) model system. Specifically, we are exploring the stability of these model bilayers in response to Ca2+ addition. Our results suggest that electrostatic and chemical interactions induce forces within the bilayer that result in destabilization of vesicles and domain formation in supported bilayer systems.
Quasi-Min-Max MPC algorithms for LPV systems

In this paper a new model predictive controller (MPC) is developed for polytopic linear parameter varying (LPV) systems. We adopt the paradigm used in gain scheduling and assume that the time-varying parameters are measured on-line, but their future behavior is uncertain and contained in a given polytope. At each sampling time optimal control action is computed by minimizing the upper bound on the ''quasi-worst-case'' value of an infinite horizon quadratic objective function subject to constraints on inputs and outputs. The MPC algorithm is called ''quasi'' because the first stage cost can be computed without any uncertainty. This allows the inclusion of the first move u(k|k) separately from the rest of the control moves governed by a feedback law and is shown to reduce conservatism and improve feasibility characteristics with respect to input and output constraints. Proposed optimization problems are solved by semi-definite programming involving linear matrix inequalities. It is shown that closed-loop stability is guaranteed by the feasibility of the linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example demonstrates the unique features of the MPC design.
The Induction Of Opinion Through Suggestion by Means of “Planted Content”

Resume On a fait une nouvelle technique pour etudier experimentalement le modus operandi de propagande, en employant le journal. Les sujets ont lu deux fois par semaine la rubique des articles de fond d'un journal ou l'on avait mis un article de fond special a la place d'un article de měme longweur paraissant dans l'edition ordinaire. Ces articles speciaux ont decrit un individu qui, au commencement de l'experience, a ete absolument inconnu aux sujets. Les articles ont ete d'ailleurs ecrits en deux formes, l'une faite dans le but d'etablir avec le temps par l'emploi de la suggestion subtile une opinion favorable de l'individu en question; l'autre serie, dans le but de creer une opinion defavorable. Cent sujets ont lu les articles en quinze exemplaires et un groupe semblable ont lu les articles en sept exemplaires. On avait prealablement administre un test de renseignements ou une liste de vingt-cinq personnes ont ete identifiees, y compris la personne en question. Une seconde partie de ce test a obtenu de...
Response of the alga Chlorella sorokiniana to 60 Co gamma radiation.

THE unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana, a thermophilic (39° C) mutant of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Emerson strain, is often considered for the bioregeneration of oxygen from waste carbon dioxide in closed ecological life support systems operated in radiation environments. The response (survival) of this alga to ionizing radiation is not known. The experimental results presented here are the first such data obtained for this species.
The effects of glutathione on protein thiols and α-tocopherol in rat liver microsomes following storage and during NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation

Abstract Liver microsomes from rats fed a diet supplemented with vitamin E (+E) were stored at 2°C in Tris buffers containing 5.0 mM reduced glutathione (GSH), GSH + 2.5 mM glutathione disulfide (GSSG) or no additions for up to 4 days. Thoroughly washed microsomes were then subjected to NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation assays containing glutathione in combinations of its reduced and oxidized forms. These experiments demonstrated the presence of at least two glutathione-dependent factors in the inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation in rat liver. The first was quite labile and required GSH for its expression. The second factor was comparatively stable and showed a marked potentiation of GSH by GSSG. Changes in membrane protein thiols (PrSH) and α-tocopherol (α-TH) were also determined during storage of the microsomes in the various buffers and during assays of lipid peroxidation. Total membrane PrSH was higher in native (freshly prepared) liver microsomes from +E rats than in microsomes from rats fed a diet deficient in vitamin E (−E). The addition of GSH or GSH + GSSG diminished the extent of PrSH depletion during storage in both +E and −E microsomes, but the protective effect was greater for the +E microsomes. The loss of α-TH was also reduced in microsomes stored in buffers containing either GSH or GSH + GSSG compared to Tris buffer alone. Changes in PrSH during lipid peroxidation were pronounced in the absence of GSH or GSH + GSSG and were independent of the α-TH content of the membranes. Addition of either GSH or GSH + GSSG to the assays markedly reduced the depletion of PrSH during lipid peroxidation. For +E microsomes, the depletion of PrSH and α-TH in the presence or absence of GSH were parallel. The rate and extent of this depletion, however, were much greater in the absence of GSH. These data demonstrated that membrane α-TH was not essential in maintaining PrSH in the absence of GSH once lipid peroxidation was initiated. It also appeared that the potentiating effect of GSH by GSSG on the inhibition of rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation, which was also resistant to inactivation during storage, was not through selective maintenance of α-TH or general sparing of PrSH.
Trimethylaurintricarboxylic acid inhibits human DNA methyltransferase 1: insights from enzymatic and molecular modeling studies.

DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is an emerging target for the treatment of cancer, brain disorders, and other diseases. Currently, there are only a few DNMT1 inhibitors with potential application as therapeutic agents or research tools. 5,5-Methylenedisalicylic acid is a novel scaffold previously identified by virtual screening with detectable although weak inhibitory activity of DNMT1 in biochemical assays. Herein, we report enzyme inhibition of a structurally related compound, trimethylaurintricarboxylic acid (NSC97317) that showed a low micromolar inhibition of DNMT1 (IC50 = 4.79 μM). Docking studies of the new inhibitor with the catalytic domain of DNMT1 suggest that NSC97317 can bind into the catalytic site. Interactions with amino acid residues that participate in the mechanism of DNA methylation contribute to the binding recognition. In addition, NSC97317 had a good match with a structure-based pharmacophore model recently developed for inhibitors of DNMT1. Trimethylaurintricarboxylic acid can be a valuable biochemical tool to study DNMT1 inhibition in cancer and other diseases related to DNA methylation.
A TRANSITION REGION EXPLOSIVE EVENT OBSERVED IN He II WITH THE MOSES SOUNDING ROCKET

Transition region explosive events (EEs) have been observed with slit spectrographs since at least 1975, most commonly in lines of C IV (1548 A, 1550 A) and Si IV (1393 A, 1402 A). We report what we believe to be the first observation of a transition region EE in He II 304 A. With the Multi-Order Solar EUV Spectrograph (MOSES) sounding rocket, a novel slitless imaging spectrograph, we are able to see the spatial structure of the event. We observe a bright core expelling two jets that are distinctly non-collinear, in directions that are not anti-parallel. The jets have sky-plane velocities of order 75 km s{sup -1} and line-of-sight velocities of +75 km s{sup -1} (blue) and -30 km s{sup -1} (red). The core is a region of high non-thermal Doppler broadening, characteristic of EEs, with maximal broadening 380 km s{sup -1} FWHM. It is possible to resolve the core broadening into red and blue line-of-sight components of maximum Doppler velocities +160 km s{sup -1} and -220 km s{sup -1}. The event lasts more than 150 s. Its properties correspond to the larger, long-lived, and more energetic EEs observed in other wavelengths.
(Methylenecyclopropane)iron tetracarbonyl complexes: Optical activity, epimerization, and carbon-13 NMR spectra

The synthesis of (diethyl 1-methylene-trans-2,3-cyclopropanedicarboxylate)iron tetracarbonyl in optically active form is described. This complex was oxidized with cupric bromide, and yielded its original trans-Feist's ester precursor with full retention of optical activity. The iron tetracarbonyl complex of the cis isomer was epimerized to the trans complex by sodium ethoxide in ethanol. A description of the nature of the bonding between the olefin and the metal in these complexes was derived from carbon-13 magnetic resonance experiments.
The simplex method of linear programming using LU decomposition

Standard computer implementations of Dantzig's simplex method for linear programming are based upon forming the inverse of the basic matrix and updating the inverse after every step of the method. These implementations have bad round-off error properties. This paper gives the theoretical background for an implementation which is based upon the LU decomposition, computed with row interchanges, of the basic matrix. The implementation is slow, but has good round-off error behavior. The implementation appears as CACM Algorithm 350.
Epidemiology: Charting the spread of sickness

A history of disease mapping shows that despite technological developments, little has changed in 500 years, finds Andy Tatem.
Optical rotatory dispersion of crystallized enzyme proteins.

Abstract The optical rotatory dispersion of carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsinogen, α-chymotrypsin, ficin, papain, pepsin, trypsin, trypsinogen, soybean trypsin inhibitor, α-amylase, β-amylase, taka-amylase, alcohol dehydrogenase, aldolase, glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, and lactic acid dehydrogenase was studied by means of spectropolarimetry. It was found that the one-term Drude rule holds in all instances. It was ascertained that pepsin and trypsin inhibitor had abnormally low dispersion constants when in the native state. It was also found that the dispersion constant of trypsin decreases with decreasing pH in acid solutions, and that these solutions set on long standing. No significant differences could be found between the dispersion constants of trypsin and trypsinogen, or between that of chymotrypsin and chymotrypsinogen. It was found that the rotatory properties of aldolase and lactic acid dehydrogenase depend on the presence of ammonium sulfate and on pH.
Neurofibrillary tangle distribution in the cerebral cortex of parkinsonism-dementia cases from Guam: differences with Alzheimer's disease

Parkinsonism-dementia together with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a highly prevalent disorder among the native Chamorro population of Guam and is accompanied by severe widespread neurofibrillary tangle formation. In the present study we compared the regional and laminar distribution of neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex of 5 Guamanian parkinsonism-dementia cases to 9 Caucasian Alzheimer's disease cases. Although in both diseases the superior frontal and inferior temporal cortex were affected to a comparable degree, there was a striking difference in the laminar distribution of neurofibrillary tangles. Neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease are known to be more numerous in layers V-VI than in layers II-III of frontal and temporal cortex, however in the Guam cases, the opposite distribution was observed with most of the tangles located within layer II and the superior part of layer III and relatively low tangle density in layers V-VI. Interestingly, in both conditions, the hippocampal pyramidal layer showed a comparable degree of degeneration. Moreover no amyloid deposits and neuritic plaques were observed in the Guam brains, whereas they were frequent in the Alzheimer's disease cases. Previous studies have suggested that the clinical symptomatology observed in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease is related to the dramatic loss of specific corticocortically projecting neurons in the neocortex. The present data on Guam parkinsonism-dementia further support this hypothesis, although the set of corticocortical connections affected in Guam cases might differ from that observed in Alzheimer's disease, which may contribute to some extent to the different clinical symptoms of the dementia observed in Guamanian patients.
Critical Role of O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase in Prostate Cancer Invasion, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis

Cancer cells universally increase glucose and glutamine consumption, leading to the altered metabolic state known as the Warburg effect; one metabolic pathway, highly dependent on glucose and glutamine, is the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. Increased flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway leads to increases in the post-translational addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to various nuclear and cytosolic proteins. A number of these target proteins are implicated in cancer, and recently, O-GlcNAcylation was shown to play a role in breast cancer; however, O-GlcNAcylation in other cancers remains poorly defined. Here, we show that O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is overexpressed in prostate cancer compared with normal prostate epithelium and that OGT protein and O-GlcNAc levels are elevated in prostate carcinoma cell lines. Reducing O-GlcNAcylation in PC3-ML cells was associated with reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and VEGF, resulting in inhibition of invasion and angiogenesis. OGT-mediated regulation of invasion and angiogenesis was dependent upon regulation of the oncogenic transcription factor FoxM1, a key regulator of invasion and angiogenesis, as reducing OGT expression led to increased FoxM1 protein degradation. Conversely, overexpression of a degradation-resistant FoxM1 mutant abrogated OGT RNAi-mediated effects on invasion, MMP levels, angiogenesis, and VEGF expression. Using a mouse model of metastasis, we found that reduction of OGT expression blocked bone metastasis. Altogether, these data suggest that as prostate cancer cells alter glucose and glutamine levels, O-GlcNAc modifications and OGT levels become elevated and are required for regulation of malignant properties, implicating OGT as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer.
Investigation of Yucca Mountain repository capacity for the US spent nuclear fuel inventory

Abstract An analytical decay heat model was developed to evaluate the US inventory of commercial spent nuclear fuel (SNF). The model was benchmarked against the results from ORIGEN-ARP 5.01. The new analytical SNF decay heat model was applied to actual (thru 2002) and projected SNF data. The total decay heat from the 63,000 MT commercial SNF at year 2012 was estimated at 182 MW. According to the thermal loading analysis using a mountain-scale heat transfer model, a 4.9 km 2 (1165 acre) site designated for SNF disposal was found to have the capacity to store more SNF than the statutory limit of 70,000 MTIHM. The maximum capacity available for SNF disposal at the Yucca Mountain site is dependent upon the thermal loading strategy chosen and SNF cooling time before emplacement. It was also shown that using high burnup SNF and adjusting the drift spacing, the capacity of the repository could be maximized on a per energy production basis, although some additional cooling may be necessary. Future work needs to consider extending the ‘footprint’ of the repository, applying non-uniform SNF loading into the drifts, and the impact of spent fuel reprocessing and other decay heat management strategies.
Acute leukemia arising from a myelodysplastic syndrome after long‐term administration of lproplatin

BACKGROUND Iproplatin (cis-dichloro-transdihydroxybis-isopropylamine platinum IV; CHIP) is a second generation cisplatin derivative that was developed to retain the antineoplastic effect of cisplatin with fewer toxic effects. Early clinical studies showed moderate activity in some neoplasms, with disappointing results in tumors of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxic effect in the acute setting. METHODS The authors report a patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon who received long-term therapy with CHIP. RESULTS The patient achieved complete remission of disease after prolonged treatment with CHIP. The patient subsequently had a myelodysplastic syndrome that rapidly transformed to acute myelogenous leukemia. CONCLUSIONS Acute leukemia may represent a late complication of CHIP therapy.
Mouse skin is particularly susceptible to tumor initiation during early anagen of the hair cycle: Possible involvement of hair follicle stem cells

Stem cells are believed to be a necessary target of chemical carginogens. Based on autoradiographic, ultrastructural, and biologic criteria, we have recently proposed that hair follicle stem cells reside not in the bulb, but in the upper outer root sheath in an area called the bulge. Proliferating cells have been shown to be more susceptible to tumor initiation, and we have recently demonstrated that cells in the bulge undergo transient proliferation during early anagen. Therefore, we theorized that mouse skin should be particularly susceptible to carcinogen application during early anagen phase. In this paper, we show that early anagen Swiss and Sencar mouse skin is indeed particularly susceptible to one- and two-stage chemical carcinogenesis, resulting in tumor yields one to five times those obtained with telogen-timed carcinogen application. Our findings implicate a possible involvement of the bulge cells as precursors to some of the skin cancers, and support the concept that these are stem cells. These observations also raise important questions about the cellular origins and biologic behavior of chemically induced murine skin tumors.
The Yellow Emission Line of the Solar Corona

IN 1942, Edlen1 identified twenty-three emission lines in the solar corona. One of the two doubtful identifications in the list, that of the yellow line λ 5694 with the transition 2p 2 3P1→0 in Ca XV, presents an especially interesting problem, because the ionization energy of Ca XV (814 eV.) exceeds that of every ion known to produce coronal lines. If Edlen's identification were to prove correct, it would provide an important clue to the mystery of coronal excitation.
Verapamil reverses myocardial no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

The present study evaluated the efficacy of intracoronary administration of verapamil to attenuate the no-reflow phenomenon following the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with the ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). A total of 201 patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI within 12 h from the beginning of the heart attack were included. The no-reflow phenomenon was defined as substantial coronary anterograde flow of TIMI ≤2. Verapamil (100–200 μg) was injected into coronary artery immediately after no-reflow; the coronary arteriography was repeated later. Hundred and ninety-eight patients with STEMI successfully underwent primary PCI, and 246 stents were implanted with the average of 1.2 stents per patient. No-reflow occurred in 25 out of 198 patients (12.6 %). Twenty-one (84 %) patients developed the flow of TIMI ≥3 after intracoronary administration of verapamil, as revealed by repeated coronary angiography. Two patients developed transient hypotension which normalized without treatment within 3–5 min. Three patients showed sinus bradycardia, in one patient there was transient II sinoatrial block, and one patient developed type 1 atrioventricular block. All adverse effects were alleviated after intravenous injection of atropine (0.5–1 mg). In conclusion, the no-reflow phenomenon following primary PCI in patients with STEMI is significantly improved by intracoronary administration of verapamil which is useful to reduce cardiovascular events during operation.
Nursing Care of the Sickle Cell Anemic Patient in Labor

Women with sickle cell anemia have many specialized problems during labor and delivery. A description of the disease and how it affects women during the intrapartum period is presented. Also, the management of potential problems during labor and delivery is described.
The design and performance of a scanning multiple slit assembly

A scanning multiple slit assembly (SMSA) has been constructed for the purpose of reducing scatter in medical radiography. The SMSA consists of a series of long, narrow beam-defining slits above the patient that are aligned and synchronously moved with scatter-eliminating slots beneath the patient during an exposure. Evidence, based on measurements of the ratio of scattered-to-primary radiation imaged and radiographs of patients, is presented indicating that such a device is a practical and efficient method of reducing scatter and improving contrast compared to conventional grids. The design considerations and trade-offs associated with the choice of slit width, slit separation distance, and aft slot depth are discussed along with the effect of these parameters on the SMSA's performance. The various problems encountered in obtaining a uniform scan and the manner in which they were handled are also discussed.
A blind comparison of simple bench-top bioassays and human tumour cell cytotoxicities as antitumor prescreens

Simple bench-top bioassays involving brine shrimp lethality, Lemna frond proliferation, and the inhibition of crown gall tumours on potato discs, as well as the human tumour cell lines A-549 lung carcinoma, MCF-7 breast carcinoma and HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma, were compared for their accuracy to detect known in vivo (P-388) active antitumour agents supplied by the National Cancer Institute. The potato disc assay was the best and showed excellent correlation to in vivo activity (p=0.008). The brine shrimp assay (p = 0.033) proved to be superior or equally as accurate as the in vitro human solid tumour cell lines (p = 0.033-0.334). The Lemna assay (p = 0.708) showed the poorest correlation. The brine shrimp and potato disc assays are suggested as convenient in-house prescreens to existing cytotoxicity or antitumour assays.
PREHOSPITAL PAIN MANAGEMENT

(2003). P REHOSPITAL P AIN M ANAGEMENT. Prehospital Emergency Care: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 482-488.
The Effects of Experienced, Vicarious, and Anticipated Strain on Violence and Drug Use among Inmates

The bulk of research on general strain theory has focused on determining the effect of experienced strain on the illegal or delinquent behaviors of juveniles or young adults. While much has been gained by this research, it is important to understand the role of experiencing and witnessing strain on adult, high risk populations (e.g., adult inmates). The current study examines the effect of experienced, vicarious, and anticipated victimization on inappropriate coping mechanisms of inmates. Specifically, it examines the effect of experiencing or witnessing physical victimization on inmates’ use of violence and drug/alcohol. Survey data from 208 adult parolees show that, at least in controlled environments like prisons, witnessing violence increases the likelihood of engaging in violence and that experiencing and witnessing violence significantly increases the likelihood that inmates will use drugs or alcohol.
Stability chart of parametric vibrating systems using energy-rate method

Abstract Based on the integral of energy and numerical integration, we introduce, develop, and apply a general algorithm to predict parameters of a parametric equation to produce a periodic response. Using the new method, called energy-rate, we are able to find not only stability chart of a parametric equation which indicates the boundaries of stable and unstable regions, but also periodic responses that are embedded in stable or unstable regions. There are three main important advantages in energy-rate method. It can be applied not only to linear but also to non-linear parametric equations; most of the perturbation methods cannot. It can be applied to large values of parameters; most of the perturbation methods cannot. Depending on the accuracy of numerical integration method, it can also find the value of parameters for a periodic response more accurate than classical methods, no matter if the periodic response is on the boundary of stability and instability or it is a periodic response within the stable or unstable region. In order to introduce the energy-rate method and indicate its advantages we apply the method to the standard Mathieu's equation, x +ax−2bx cos (2t)=0 and show how to find its stability chart for the large values of b in a–b plane. The results are compared with McLachlan's report (Theory and Application of Mathieu Function, Clarendon, Oxford, 1947).
Reproductive axis after discontinuation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment of girls with precocious puberty : Long term follow-up comparing girls with hypothalamic hamartoma to those with idiopathic precocious puberty

Although the GnRH agonist analogs have become an established treatment for precocious puberty, there have been few long term studies of reproductive function and general health after discontinuation of therapy. To this end, we compared peak LH and FSH after 100 μg sc GnRH, estradiol, mean ovarian volume (MOV), age of onset and frequency of menses, body mass (BMI), and incidence of neurological and psychiatric problems in 2 groups of girls: those with precocious puberty due to hypothalamic hamartoma (HH; n = 18) and those with idiopathic precocious puberty (IPP; n = 32) who had been treated with deslorelin (4–8 μg/kg·day, sc) or histrelin (10μ g/kg·day, sc) for 3.1–10.3 yr and were observed at 1, 2, 3, and 4–5 yr after discontinuation of treatment. The endocrine findings were also compared to those in 14 normal perimenarcheal girls. There were no differences between the HH and IPP groups in age or bone age at the start of treatment, at the end of treatment, or during GnRH analog therapy. We found that wher...
Operation of a Third Generation JPL Electronic Nose in the Regenerative ECLSS Module Simulator at MSFC

An electronic nose has been developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to monitor spacecraft cabin air for anomalous events such as leaks and spills of solvents, coolants or other fluids with near-real-time analysis. It is designed to operate in the environment of the US Lab on ISS and was deployed on the International Space Station for a seven-month experiment in 2008-2009. In order improve understanding of ENose response to crew activities, an ENose was installed in the Regenerative ECLSS Module Simulator (REMS) at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) for several months. The REMS chamber is operated with continuous analysis of the air for presence and concentration of CO, CO2, ethane, ethanol and methane. ENose responses were analyzed and correlated with logged activities and air analyses in the REMS.
Stable benzimidazole-incorporated porous polymer network for carbon capture with high efficiency and low cost

Abstract Porous Polymer Networks (PPNs) are an emerging category of advanced porous materials that are of interest for carbon dioxide capture due to their great stabilities and convenient functionalization processes. In this work, an intrinsically-functionalized porous network, PPN-101, was prepared from commercially accessible materials via an easy two-step synthesis. It has a BET surface area of 1095 m2/g. Due to the presence of the benzimidazole units in the framework, its CO2 uptake at 273 K reaches 115 cm3/g and its calculated CO2/N2 selectivity is 199, which indicates its potential for CO2/N2 separation. The great stability, large CO2/N2 selectivity and low production cost make PPN-101 a promising material for industrial separation of CO2 from flue gas. Its H2 and CH4 uptake properties were also investigated.
Deformation of a polydomain, liquid crystalline epoxy-based thermoset

Liquid crystalline thermosets (LCT's) were prepared by curing a difunctional LC epoxy monomer, diglycidyl ether of 4,4‘-dihydroxy-α-methylstilbene, with the tetrafunctional cross-linker 4,4‘-methylenedianiline (MDA). A commercial, non-LC epoxy monomer of similar starting molecular weight was also cured with MDA to produce an isotropic thermoset for comparison. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed reduced glassy moduli, increased stiffness in the rubbery state, and broadened and lowered glass transitions for the LCT's compared to the isotropic thermoset based on the non-LC monomer. At room temperature, the true stress versus true strain curves of the LCT's under uniaxial compression showed no strain softening region, substantial plastic deformation (ef ≈ 50%), and increased strain hardening compared to the isotropic thermoset. LCT's with a smectic type of local order exhibited bulk, homogeneous plastic yielding, which led to slow, stable crack propagation and an increased fracture toughness (GIc = 1.62 kJ/...
A national oceanographic program

In February of 1957 a group of oceanographers and representatives from various agencies of the Federal Government met at the request of Dr. Bronk, President of the National Academy of Sciences, to discuss the question of whether or not the Academy should make a study of the status of the marine sciences. Present were representatives from the Navy, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the Atomic Energy Commission, small and large oceanographic institutions, and other groups concerned with the marine sciences. They soon discovered that they had in common the knowledge that their day-to-day, month-to-month problems in the development of various programs could not be solved without a considerable increase in the development of marine sciences in the United States.
“His” and “Her” Marriage? The Role of Positive and Negative Marital Characteristics in Global Marital Satisfaction Among Older Adults

Discussion. Prior studies sho w small differences in men's and women's global marital satisfaction. Our work provides evidence that the presence and magnitude of such gender differences may vary based on the specific marital component considered. We discuss ways that gender shapes marital interactions, expectations, and perceptions, and the implications of our results for the well-being of married older adults.
A forgotten diagnosis: simple schizophrenia in a patient with breast cancer.

Background Simple schizophrenia (SS) is a disorder unfamiliar to many psychiatrists, and it often goes unrecognized by providers as an underlying psychiatric disorder in general-medical settings. Objective The authors seek to increase recognition, as demonstrated in the case presented. Method The authors report on a breast mass in a homeless 40-year-old woman who was lost to treatment for 2 years and then reappeared in the hospital at stage IV. Results Palliative treatment was begun; however, the patient summarily left the hospital and was again lost to follow-up. Conclusion SS can have profound consequences for the patient, both in terms of selfcare and medical treatment. Improved recognition of SS is important for both general-medical and mental health providers in order to achieve appropriate provision of clinical care and better medical outcomes.
A Plasma Controlled Directional Coupler

A new type of waveguide directional coupler is described which has a discharge tube as the coupling element in the common narrow wall between the guides. The use of the discharge tube allows continuous control of the amount of coupling between the guides. The theory of the coupler is given with curves for designing such a coupler. The paper describes the results obtained from a 3-db coupler. Measurements were made at a frequency of 450 Mc, of VSWR, noise output, and switching speed. These show a VSWR of the order of 1.3 over the control range, and an excess noise temperature with a peak of 20,000/spl deg/K at one value of control current. The coupler is capable of switching up to speeds of 1000 cps.
Micronutrient cofactor research with extensions to applications.

Following identification of essential micronutrients, there has been a continuum of research aimed at revealing their absorption, transport, utilization as cofactors, and excretion and secretion. Among those cases that have received our attention are vitamin B 6 , riboflavin, biotin, lipoate, ascorbate, and certain metal ions. Circulatory transport and cellular uptake of the water-soluble vitamins exhibit relative specificity and facilitated mechanisms at physiological concentrations. Isolation of enzymes and metabolites from micro-organisms and mammals has provided information on pathways involved in cofactor formation and metabolism. Kinases catalysing phosphorylation of B 6 and riboflavin have a preference for Zn 2+ in stereospecific chelates with adenosine triphosphate. The synthetase for flavin adenine dinucleotide prefers Mg 2+ . The flavin mononucleotidedependent oxidase that converts the 5� -phosphates of pyridoxine and of pyridoxamine to pyridoxal phosphate is a connection between B 6 and riboflavin and is a primary control point for conversion of B 6 to its coenzyme. Sequencing and cloning of a side-chain oxidase for riboflavin was achieved. Details on binding and function have been delineated for some cofactor systems, especially in several flavoproteins. There is both photochemical oxidation and oxidative catabolism of B 6 and riboflavin. Both biotin and lipoate undergo oxidation of their acid side chains with redox cleavage of the rings. Applications from our findings include the development of affinity absorbents, enhanced drug delivery, delineation of residues in biopolymer modification, pathogen photoinactivation in blood components, and input into human dietary recommendations. Ongoing and future research in the cofactor arena can be expected to add to this panoply. At the molecular level, the way in which the same cofactor can participate in diverse catalytic reactions resides in interactions with surrounding enzyme structures that must be determined case by case. At the level of human intake, more knowledge is desirable for making micronutrient recommendations based on biochemical indicators, especially for the span between infancy and adulthood. Micronutrient cofactors: Vitamins: Metabolic pathways: Enzymes
Optimal Strategies for Multiple Participants in Electricity Markets

This letter presents the solution framework for calculating multi-participant Nash equilibria in a transmission-constrained electricity market. The proposed framework, which is generally applicable to various gaming conditions in electricity markets, is used here for non-cooperative complete information game between market participants with discrete bidding strategies. The example in this letter shows the effectiveness of the proposed framework in finding the Nash equilibrium.
BOOK REVIEW FORUM

William Julius Wilson, 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy