cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Opioid Abuse and Dependence in Those Hospitalized Due to Head and Neck Cancer.

Purpose In the United States, 2.1 million people develop substance abuse disorders that are associated with prescribed opioids. The objective of the present study was to identify the factors associated with opioid abuse and dependence (OAD) in those hospitalized for head and neck cancer (HNC). Although measures are being implementing to reduce opioid prescribing, the use of these drugs in individuals with HNC can be valuable. However, little is known about OAD among this cohort of individuals. Materials and Methods The present study was a retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 2012 to 2014. All patients hospitalized because of any HNC were selected. The OAD prevalence was identified. The patient demographic, hospital, and geographic factors were considered independent variables and OAD was the outcome. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with OAD. Results A total of 92,055 patients were hospitalized because of HNCs. OAD was prevalent in 0.8% of the patients. The OAD rates were greatest in patients with a malignant neoplasm of ill-defined sites within the lip, oral cavity, and pharynx (1.6%). Age 30 to 44 years (odds ratio [OR] 5.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23 to 12.06; P Conclusions The present study identified specific anatomic sites where malignant neoplasm was associated with greater odds of OAD. Additionally, the study found that coverage by Medicaid, black and/or Hispanic race/ethnicity, lowest income households, and a greater comorbid burden were associated with greater odds of OAD.
Pediatric Antifungal Chemotherapy

Amphotericin B remains the first-line drug in the treatment of most systemic fungal infections. Miconazole should be used to treat patients who cannot tolerate amphotericin B or are infected with amphotericin B-resistant organisms. Ketoconazole has a distinct advantage in that it is relatively nontoxic and may prove very effective in treating non-life-threatening chronic fungal infections.
Pesticides and Pest Control

About 3 billion tons of pesticides are applied each year in the world. However, despite this large amount of pesticide applied worldwide, pests, insects, weeds and plant pathogens destroy about 40° of all crops.
Sample Size Determination in Epidemiologic Studies

When planning a research project an epidemiologist must consider how many subjects should be studied. While factors such as available budget certainly present constraints on the maximum-number of subjects that might actually be included in a study, statistical considerations are extremely important. To address the statistical questions about appropriate sample size, the researcher must first specify the study design, the nature of the outcome variable, the aims of the study, the planned analysis method, and the expected results of the study. Is the goal of the study to distinguish between hypotheses about the value of a parameter or function of parameters, or is the goal to provide a confidence interval estimate of a parameter such as the odds ratio or relative risk?
Particulate Generation and Detection on Surfaces

This paper describes a tool that was developed to evaluate particulate generation of materials. The tool provides realtime data of both airborne and settling particulates in a consistent and repeatable manner by inputting a continuous and controlled stress on the material in a controlled test chamber environment. Sample test results on several cleanroom materials are presented to demonstrate the use of the tool.
FINDING THE BALANCE: PROPORTIONALITY, GOOGLE SPAIN, AND THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN UNDER THE EU’S GENERAL DATA PROTECTION REGULATION

With the EU’s trailblazing new data protection regulation (GDPR) coming into force in late 2018, the importance of data protection and privacy law has been amplified across the globe. Under the EU’s old data protection directive, however, a number of precedents, including the ‘right to be forgotten,’ will likely be impacted by the new regulation. While the European Court of Justice’s interpretation of this right under the old directive is particularly worrisome, the GDPR could facilitate the continuance of the right as it currently exists or alternatively, serve to narrow it. This article will demonstrate that while there is indeed a strong argument in favor of recognizing a legal ‘right to be forgotten,’ there is also a danger in striking an imbalance between an individual’s right to privacy on one hand, and the public’s right to information and freedom of expression on the other. While it is likely that the judgment will remain highly persuasive under the new GDPR, this paper will also examine additional protections built into the Regulation, as well as other practical limitations that could assist in keeping the right to be forgotten ‘in check’ moving forward.
Distributed Learning with Adversarial Agents Under Relaxed Network Condition.

This work studies the problem of non-Bayesian learning over multi-agent network when there are some adversarial (faulty) agents in the network. At each time step, each non-faulty agent collects partial information about an unknown state of the world and tries to estimate true state of the world by iteratively sharing information with its neighbors. Existing algorithms in this setting require that all non-faulty agents in the network should be able to achieve consensus via local information exchange. In this work, we present an analysis of a distributed algorithm which does not require the network to achieve consensus. We show that if every non-faulty agent can receive enough information (via iteratively communicating with neighbors) to differentiate the true state of the world from other possible states then it can indeed learn the true state.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Yeast Cells

The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been widely used for genetic studies of fundamental cellular functions. The isolation and analysis of yeast mutants is a commonly used and powerful technique to identify the genes that are involved in a process of interest. Furthermore, natural genetic variation among wild yeast strains has been studied for analysis of polygenic traits by quantitative trait loci mapping. Whole-genome sequencing, often combined with bulk segregant analysis, is a powerful technique that helps determine the identity of mutations causing a phenotype. Here, we describe protocols for the construction of libraries for S. cerevisiae whole-genome sequencing. We also present a bioinformatic pipeline to determine the genetic variants in a yeast strain using whole-genome sequencing data. This pipeline can also be used for analyzing Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Generation of haploid spores for bulk segregant analysis Basic Protocol 2: Extraction of genomic DNA from yeast cells Basic Protocol 3: Shearing of genomic DNA for library preparation Basic Protocol 4: Construction and amplification of DNA libraries Support Protocol 1: Annealing oligonucleotides for forming Y-adapters Support Protocol 2: Size selection and cleanup using SPRI beads Basic Protocol 5: Identification of genomic variants from sequencing data.
Stabilization of Airborne Video Using Sensor Exterior Orientation with Analytical Homography Modeling

Aerial video captured from an airborne platform has an expanding range of applications including scene understanding, photogrammetry, surveying and mapping, traffic monitoring, bridge and civil infrastructure inspection, architecture and construction, delivery, disaster and emergency response, news and film, precision agriculture, and environmental monitoring and conservation. Some of the challenges in analyzing aerial video to track pedestrians, vehicles, and objects include small object size, relative motion of the object and platform, sensor jitter, and quality of imaging optics. An analytic image stabilization approach is described in this chapter where pixel information from the focal plane of the camera is stabilized and georegistered in a global reference frame. The aerial video is stabilized to maintain a fixed relative displacement between the moving platform and the scene. The proposed algorithm can be used to stabilize aerial imagery even when the available GPS and IMU measurements from the platform and sensor are inaccurate and noisy. Camera 3D poses are optimized using a homography-based robust cost function, but unlike most existing methods, the homography transformations are estimated without using any image-to-image estimation techniques. We derive a direct closed-form analytic expression from 3D camera poses that is robust even in the presence of significant scene parallax (i.e. very tall 3D buildings and man-made or natural structures). A robust non-linear least squares cost function is used to deal with outliers and speeds up computation by avoiding the use of RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC). The proposed method and its efficiency is validated using several datasets and scenarios including DARPA Video and Image Retrieval and Analysis Tool (VIRAT) and high resolution wide area motion imagery (WAMI). scenarios.
Age and Practice Effects on Force Control of the Thumb and Index Fingers in Precision Pinching and Bilateral Coordination

Older women were less accurate and required more time in tracing a triangle template by controlling the force on spring levers with three different finger combinations: a one-hand precision pinching movement, a bilateral index finger movement, and a left index finger and right thumb combination. Older subjects were disproportionately less accurate than young subjects when required to decouple the pinching movement and control the index finger and thumb independently. Effects of practice were similar for both age groups, except that the elderly increased behavioral speed more from the first to the second day of practice. Explanations for the findings were based on neurosynergistic-intentional control interactions, visuospatial deficits in the elderly, and older subjects’ predisposition to perseverate.
From bad to worse: The representation of the HPV vaccine Facebook

BACKGROUND Anti-HPV vaccination social media messages may increase vaccine hesitancy and avoidance. This study analyzed (1) the first decade of public, HPV-vaccine related Facebook posts' characteristics, engagement, and health belief messages; (2) relationships between variables; (3) how those variables changed over time; and (4) identified and analyzed the posts with the most engagement. METHODS The data sample consisted of 6,506 public HPV vaccine-related Facebook posts (n = 6,506) published within the first decade following the FDA's first HPV vaccine approval (June 8, 2006 - June 8, 2016). Post characteristics, engagement, and health belief model (HBM) messages were coded (Krippendorf's alpha range: 0.71-1.00). RESULTS Barriers to HPV vaccination appeared more often (47.1%) than benefits (19.8%). Regarding the tone towards the vaccine, negative was dominant (45.0%) and the average sample sentiment was negative (M = -0.15, SD = 0.851). Tone positivity was negatively correlated with barriers to HPV vaccine (r = -0.631, p < 0.0001). The post with the most engagement (11,000 reactions, 6,100 comments, and 329,000 shares displayed) was anti-HPV vaccine, and negative posts received significantly greater engagement. Over time, negative tone and barriers had a greater presence. The data showed evidence for forward momentum (Durbin-Watson values) of HPV infection susceptibility (0.004), HPV infection severity (0.426), HPV vaccine benefits (0.297), and barriers to HPV vaccination (0.226) messages, tone (0.690), and the number of reactions (1.589), comments (1.389), and shares (1.340). CONCLUSION Facebook posts about the HPV vaccine were mostly negative with a frequent focus on barriers to vaccination. Time effects suggest that anti-HPV vaccine posts have encouraged more anti-HPV vaccine posts. Research should continue to address the influence of time. The influence of messages that are pro-HPV vaccine, but perhaps are negative in tone, address barriers, and/or presented by individual stakeholders, should be tested inside and outside of social media channels.
The 26th annual graduate education and graduate student research conference in hospitality and tourism

The 26th Annual Graduate Education and Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism was successfully hosted by the University of Houston Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Res...
Abstract P778: Hypertension and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Relate To % Change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score in Ischemic Stroke After Mechanical Thrombectomy

Introduction: The University of Kentucky Blood and Clot Thrombectomy Registry and Collaboration (BACTRAC) protocol utilizes thrombectomy to isolate intracranial (i.e. distal to thrombus) arterial b...
Ehre und Männlichkeit im kolonialen Spanisch-Amerika

Guilds, cofradias and other formal and informal institutions that played a central role in the lives of manual workers in pre industrial societies have long been studied as economic and social arenas. These structures were also crucibles within which masculine identity was forged and the rough values of everyday masculine culture were enforced. Young men entered apprenticeships or more directly entered employment in less skilled occupations in their teens. Their work environments, housing and social lives were controlled by older men who enforced the behaviors and attitudes of dominant masculine culture while passing on skills. Central to this masculine value system was a heightened sensitivity to shame and insult. The essay examines plebeian understandings of masculinity in late colonial Buenos Aires. Between 1780 and 1810 the workforce of this fast growing commercial center was transformed by European immigration and the African slave trade. Ethnic diversity challenged Spanish colonial presumptions about hierarchy while a housing shortage and fluid employment patterns created a plebeian environment of casual relationships that generated provocation to violence.
Censorship Resistance as a Side-Effect

This position paper presents the following thought experiment: can we build communication protocols that (1) are sufficiently useful that they achieve widespread adoption as general-purpose communication mechanisms and (2) thwart censorship as a consequence of their design? We posit that a useful communication platform that is inherently resistant to traffic analysis, if widely adopted and used primarily for purposes not related to censorship circumvention, may be too politically and economically costly for a government to block.
Chapter 38 Neurophysiologic studies in Krabbe disease

Publisher Summary Krabbe disease (KD) is a neurodegenerative, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by myelin loss with increasing numbers of giant macrophages containing cerebroside. The human GALC gene has been mapped to chromosome 14q31. There has been little data describing the findings of various neurophysiologic tests in patients with KD. This chapter summarizes various research finding and the way they may be used to understand the pathophysiology of KD and aid in treatment. The chapter helps establish a pattern of progression of abnormalities in early infantile KD (EIKD) and provides insights into possible disease pathophysiology. Because of its rarity, collaborative studies employing consistent neurophysiologic techniques are needed to better understand this disease and the progression of abnormalities. Correlation of specific galactocerebroside β-galactosidase (GALC) mutations to symptoms and abnormalities on neurophysiologic tests may shed light on why there is a variability of neural pathways affected in EIKD and late-onset KD (LOKD).
Reduced Rank Regression

Problems can arise in multiple regression when the predictor variables are highly correlated. These include inflation of standard errors of the regression coefficients and ill-conditioned covariance matrices of the predictors. Historically, stepwise regression and ridge regression have been employed in these situations. With the advent of more powerful computers, it has become a common practice to obtain the principal components of the predictors variables and use them as predictors. However, there is no guarantee that the largest components will be good predictors. Latent root regression is a possible alternative in which the response variable is included in the principal components solution. Two newer techniques are Partial Least Squares Regression and Maximum Redundancy, both of which use the relationships between the predictors and the responses in obtaining a solution and both can handle the case of multiple responses. Keywords: multiple regression; principal component analysis; ridge regression; latent root regression; partial least squares regression; maximum redundancy
Learning Object Systems and Strategy: A Description and Discussion

This paper provides a rich discussion on the history, definition, application, and evolution of learning object systems. A learning object is “any digital resource that can be reused to support learning” (Wiley, 2000). Learning object systems are based on the notion that multiple educational institutions could share the use and cost of the creation and management of the learning objects. The theoretical result of sharing learning objects leads to a much lower cost per educational institution. Learning objects are based on the generative and constructive learning theories that assert that learning is an active process of constructing rather than acquiring knowledge, and instruction is a process of supporting that construction rather than communicating knowledge. Learning objects are also based on sound design principles of the object-oriented paradigm. These combined theories provide a framework for learning object systems as: accessible, reusable, interoperable, adaptable, granular, versionable, cohesive, and loosely coupled. This paper will expand on these topics and provide two cases of learning object systems implemented as eLearning strategies. Closing remarks and implications are provided.
Two transcribing activities are involved in expression of the Streptomyces galactose operon.

Abstract The Streptomyces galactose operon is transcribed from two independently regulated promoters: galP1, located at the 5' end of the operon and responsible for galactose-dependent transcription of the operon, and galP2, an internal constitutive promoter. We identified and partially separated two distinct transcribing activities involved in expression of this operon. Using RNA polymerase from Streptomyces lividans and Streptomyces coelicolor partially purified by chromatography on heparin-agarose and DNA-cellulose, we detected activities capable of initiating transcription in vitro specifically from either galP1 or galP2. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the activity for galP2 transcription is a holoenzyme species associated with the previously described sigma 28 protein (referred to here as sigma C). The galP1-transcribing activity is more difficult to evaluate. This activity may correspond to a holoenzyme species associated with sigma A (formerly sigma 35), although other possibilities are discussed. This would be the second reported example of a catabolite-controlled gene in Streptomyces species expressed from multiple promoters recognized by different holoenzyme forms. This may indicate that the involvement of RNA polymerase heterogeneity in gene expression in Streptomyces species is a more general strategy for regulation than the specialized gene expression seen in Escherichia coli.
Structures and Optical Properties of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Thin Films

Low refractive index materials (n<1.3) are not common in nature. However, they are essential for antireflection coatings. In this study porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) on glass substrate was fabricated by electrochemical oxidation and subsequent etching. The pore size was modulated from less than 80 nm to more than 250 nm. The pore depth was controlled by electrochemical anodization and/or chemical etching time. It is challenging to effectively quantify the pore structures and the optical properties of such porous materials. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry, the authors showed that the AAO materials had tunable refractive index from 1.25 to 1.40, which is ideal for antireflection coating on glass (n=1.54). In addition, quantitative information on the AAO film porosity, profile structure, film thickness, dielectric constants, and roughness was also derived from the ellipsometry analysis. It was shown that the as-fabricated AAO film included trace amount of residual metal aluminum with an effective thickness ~0.28 nm.
Cardiac response and social behaviour in the guinea-pig (Cavia porcellus).

Abstract Electrocardiograms were telementered from guinea-pigs to investigate their cardiac response during daily activity and to changes in their normal environment, including the introduction of other animals. When a wood rat was introduced to the guinea-pigs, an immediate and consistent bradycardia (blocked by atropine), approaching 25 per cent of the animal's resting heart rate, was demonstrated. This bradycardia was significantly greater for interspecies introductions than for intraspecies introductions and the guinea-pigs adapt physiologically to successive introductions of another animal. Additionally, when placed together, the wood rat is more aggressive of the two species, and the heart rate response during intensive interspecies aggressive behaviour was significantly greater than during intraspecies aggressive behaviour.
The schoenflies extension in the analytic case

Let S be an (n−1)-sphere in a euclidean n-space E. Let B be the closed n-ball in E bounded by S. Let z be an arbitrary point of\(\mathop B\limits^ \circ \). A real analytic diffeomorphism f of S into E admits a homeomorphic extension F which is defined over some open neighborhood N of B and such that F | (N−z) is an analytic diffeomorphism. We give a new proof of this theorem to serve as a model for a forthcoming theory of analytic families of such extensions.
Age Bias in the Workplace: The Impact of Ageism and Causal Attributions1

This study considers the roles of managerial ageism and causal attributions in the age bias process. Specifically, we predicted that employee age and manager ageism would interact in predicting the severity of recommendations made about an employee's performance errors, such that ageist managers would be more likely to engage in age bias. Second, we proposed that age bias is caused partially by differential attributions made about the performance errors of older vs. younger workers. Results indicated that older employees received more severe recommendations for poor performance than did their younger counterparts. Also, some ageist attitudes moderated the relationship between age and performance recommendations. Stability attributions mediated the relationship of employee age on endorsement of the more punitive recommendations.
Residence time heating effect in auroral conic generation

It is pointed out that, in addition to previously considered microscopic aspects of ion perpendicular heating in the auroral region, the effect of mass-dependent resident times in a finite-length perpendicular heating region may be important. In a simple illustrative model, particles are assumed to enter upward into an auroral acceleration region of finite extent along B, in which both parallel electric fields and perpendicular heating exist. In this situation, the particle residence times vary with particle mass as M to the 1/2-power, so that, in addition to effects associated with species-dependent heating rates, the resultant perpendicular energization associated with residence time also varies as M to the 1/2-power. The residence time effect thus favors heating of heavier particles, and may therefore be of some importance in understanding the greater energization of oxygen over hydrogen that has been observed, and also why no electron conics have been observed.
Environmental Belief Systems in Western Europe: A Hierarchical Model of Constraint

For most parts of the 20th century, class and religious predispositions guided individuals' perceptions of the political space in Western Europe. Recently, however, analysts have noted the weakenin...
Acute pseudophakic pupillary block glaucoma

Intraocular lenses are becoming increasingly common, yet many emergency physicians are unaware of their potential complications. The case of a 59-year-old man whose anterior chamber lens occluded the pupil, resulting in acute glaucoma with an intraocular pressure exceeding 65 mm Hg, is presented. He was treated successfully with medical therapy and laser iridotomy. A review of this condition, treatment, and prognosis is presented. The emergency treatment of pupillary block glaucoma differs from that of "classic" acute closed-angle glaucoma.
Effect of exercise training on walking mobility in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis.

Objective. The study used meta-analytic procedures to examine the overall effect of exercise training interventions on walking mobility among individuals with multiple sclerosis. Methods. A search ...
Priming pattern determines the correlation between hippocampal theta activity and locomotor stepping elicited by stimulation in anesthetized rats.

Abstract The after-effects of locomotor stimulation are a transient facilitation of locomotor initiation (the priming effect), and a transient increase in hippocampal rhythmic slow activity in the 3–6 Hz band of the theta range. The similar time course of the two effects suggests that hippocampal 3–6 Hz activity may be linked to the excitability of locomotor initiation. This study tested the hypothesis that power in the 3–6 Hz band that is present prior to stimulation would predict the magnitude of elicited stepping. Stimulation electrodes were implanted in 15 locomotor sites of 10 anesthetized rats (urethane, 800 mg/kg). Hindlimb stepping was elicited by a single control train of electrical stimulation presented once every 62 s. On test trials, a test train at the same intensity followed the control train at varying control/test intervals (15–36 s) to assess the priming effect on stepping. The priming pattern determined whether hippocampal 3–6 Hz power predicted the amount of stepping to be elicited by a stimulation train. Positive correlation (0.47> r >0.22) was found for seven out of eight sites showing positive priming effects. Correlation was absent for three other sites that showed non-significant priming effects and were mixed for four sites that showed negative effects. Sites with positive priming patterns, compared to sites with inconsistent or negative priming patterns, had similar trends in post-stimulation 3–6 Hz power, smaller increases in 6–8 Hz power during the control train and lower 1–3 Hz power during the periods immediately before the control stimulation. For six of 15 sites, regardless of the priming pattern, 1–3 Hz power was inversely related to subsequent stepping, and in three cases provided an independent predictor of stepping. Stimulation at two sites produced discrete episodes of post-stimulation stepping. In one of these cases, a 0.5-Hz increase in peak frequency of hippocampal activity preceded stepping. The results show that the association between hippocampal 3–6 Hz activity and the excitability of locomotor initiation is sufficiently specific to allow prediction of the magnitude of stepping by the prior levels of 3–6 Hz power. However, the occurrence of negative priming effects during prominent 3–6 Hz activity indicates that other factors determine the actual stepping and they can suppress the correlation between theta activity and subsequent locomotion.
OB Department: Fetal Electrocardiography in Obstetrical Management

(1960). OB Department: Fetal Electrocardiography in Obstetrical Management. Hospital Topics: Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 75-80.
Criteria for Static Equilibrium in Discrete Element Methods

In most DEM codes, the governing equation for static problems is solved in an explicit scheme that involves a set of motion equations with numerical damping. With such an explicit scheme, parameter calibration is demanded in order to obtain a converged solution and to achieve a state of static equilibrium. This paper presents two criteria, based on the homogenized stress equation, for evaluating the static force balance and the static moment balance, respectively. Numerical examples demonstrate that these two criteria play a critical role in calibrating the explicit scheme and preventing it from generating erroneous results.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Broad spectral band color image deblurring.

A broadband white-light processing technique for smeared color photographic image deblurring is described. The technique utilizes a diffraction grating method to disperse the smeared image spectra in the Fourier plane so that the entire spectral band of the white-light source can be utilized for the deblurring. In this paper the technique of synthesizing a fan-shape type complex deblurring filter to accommodate wavelength variation is presented. Experimental results showed that this broad spectral band processing technique offers an excellent coherent artifact noise suppression, and the technique is particularly suitable for color image deblurring. Experimental demonstrations and comparisons with the narrowband and coherent deblurring are also provided.
Theoretical analysis of gradient detection by growth cones.

Gradients of diffusible and substrate-bound molecules play an important role in guiding axons to appropriate targets in the developing nervous system. Although some of the molecules involved have recently been identified, little is known about the physical mechanisms by which growth cones sense gradients. This article applies the seminal Berg and Purcell (1977) model of gradient sensing to this problem. The model provides estimates for the statistical fluctuations in the measurement of concentration by a small sensing device. By assuming that gradient detection consists of the comparison of concentrations at two spatially or temporally separated points, the model therefore provides an estimate for the steepness of gradient that can be detected as a function of physiological parameters. The model makes the following specific predictions. (a) It is more likely that growth cones use a spatial rather than temporal sensing strategy. (b) Growth cone sensitivity increases with the concentration of ligand, the speed of ligand diffusion, the size of the growth cone, and the time over which it averages the gradient signal. (c) The minimum detectable gradient steepness for growth cones is roughly in the range 1-10%. (d) This value varies depending on whether a bound or freely diffusing ligand is being sensed, and on whether the sensing occurs in three or two dimensions. The model also makes predictions concerning the role of filopodia in gradient detection.
EFFECT OF GNRH ANTAGONIST, [Ac-Δ3Pro1, pFDPhe2, DTrp3,6] GNRH, ON PULSATILE GONADOTROPIN SECRETION IN THE CASTRATE MALE PRIMATE

Three different doses of a potent antagonist to GnRH, [Ac-Δ3pro1, pFDPhe2, DTrp3,6], GnRH were compared in adult male monkeys to determine the acute effect on pulsatile gonadotropin secretion. In accomplishing these studies, blood was drawn at 15 min intervals over 24–30 h without anesthesia using a mobile vest and tether assembly to support an indwelling cannula. After a 3 to 6 h control period, 2.0, 0.2 or 0.02 mg GnRH antagonist/kg bw in 1 ml corn oil sc, was given to castrate adult monkeys. The highest dose decreased circulating LH (by radioimmunoassay and bioassay) and FSH whereas the intermediate dose decreased LH only. The higher dose produced both a more prolonged and greater reduction in circulating gonadotropins. These data demonstrate that this GnRH antagonist can reduce serum gonadotropins both acutely and for intervals greater than 24 h.
Segmented organosiloxane copolymers: 2 Thermal and mechanical properties of siloxane—urea copolymers

Abstract The structure-property behaviour of new siloxane-urea containing segmented copolymers has been investigated. Amino-propyl terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) oligomers of from 900–3660 〈 M n 〉 were reacted with various diisocynates to form segmented copolymers with urea linkages. The length of the hard segments in these copolymers corresponds approximately to the length of the diisocynate unit employed. A number of mechanical and thermal properties were investigated for these phase separated materials. It was found that the performance of these copolymers was effected by varying the hard segment type and/or content and that high strength necessitates a microphase texture. The two phase nature of these copolymers was verified by dynamic mechanical, thermal and SAXS studies. The phase separation was found to occur in these copolymers even with 6% hard segment by weight. In conclusion, these materials displayed a behaviour similar to the segmented polyurethanes and were found to be superior to the unfilled silicone elastomers.
A critical study of molecular photodissociation and chon grain sources for cometary C2

The spatial distribution of C2 in the very inner comae of comets (<104 km) often shows a profile which is flatter than can be reproduced by standard two-generation models. Because of this it has been suspected that a source other than the typical two-generation photodissociation is responsible. Previous investigators have suggested that either grains, most likely CHON grains, or a three-generation photodissociation may the source for cometary C2. We have performed an analysis of a set of spatial profiles of C2 in comet P/Halley to investigate this question. A three-generation dissociation model that unlike previous attempts can include the ejection velocity of daughter fragments at each dissociation is compared with published results of a purely radial three-generation model. We find that the addition of ejection velocities has a similar effect on three-generation models as has been shown already in two-generations by the vectoral and Monte Carlo models. Specifically, the addition of typical ejection velocities which are usually on the order of 1 km s-1 for a heavy species essentially fills in the "hole" in the inner coma which would otherwise be left by three-generation models that are purely radial, yielding profiles that are not easily distinguishable from two-generation model (Haser, vectorial, or Monte Carlo). We have also constructed a CHON Grain Halo (CGH) model that also produces flat inner profiles. The inferred size of the CGH is 88,000 km at 1 AU. This is consistent with some estimates of the depletion of small grains in comet Halley but is much larger than the extended source for H2CO and CO (~104 km). The strict r2 variation for the heliocentric distance dependence for the C2 source is better explained by a direct CGH source. A combination of either grandparent-parent molecule scale lengths or grandparent CHON grains and an intermediate molecule would yield parent scale length variations closer to r1.5 (more like CN and NH2) than r2 which is found for C2.
Particle Motion in the Stable Region Near an Edge of a Linear Sum Resonance Stopband

This paper studies the particle motion when the tune is in the stable region close to the edge of linear sum resonance stopband. Results are found for the tune and the beta functions. Results are also found for the two solutions of the equations of motion. The results found are shown to be also valid for small accelerators where the large accelerator approximation may not be used.
Mutation of regulatory serines of rat tyrosine hydroxylase to glutamate: Effects on enzyme stability and activity

Tyrosine hydroxylase is phosphorylated at four serine residues in its amino-terminus by multiple kinases. Phosphorylation of serine 40 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase results in alleviation of dopamine inhibition [J. Biol. Chem. 267 (1992) 12639]. The other serines are at positions 8, 19, and 31. The effect of phosphorylation at these serines has been investigated using mutated forms of tyrosine hydroxylase containing glutamates at the positions of the serines. The S8E, S19E, and S31E tyrosine hydroxylase variants have similar steady-state kinetic parameters and similar binding affinity for catecholamines to wild-type enzyme. The S8E, S19E, S31E, and S40E variants differ in stability at elevated temperatures. The S40E variant is the least stable, while the others are all more stable than wild-type enzyme. The increased stability of S8E, S19E, and S31E tyrosine hydroxylases may be one of the physiological effects of phosphorylation. It may also have implications for the interpretation of activities of heterogeneous mixtures of tyrosine hydroxylase which have been phosphorylated.
Theoretical and empirical characterization of the physical characteristics of a clinical digital mammography system

The physical performance characteristics of a clinical full-field digital mammography (FFDM) system were analyzed for different target/filter conditions using theoretical modeling and experimental measurements. The signal and noise propagation through the various stages of the FFDM system was simulated as a cascaded process and used to compute the frequency dependent detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of the system. The presampling modulation transfer function (MTF) of the system and the noise power spectra (NPS) of the system were measured under the different spectral conditions as used in the theoretical model at an exposure close to 10-mR from which corresponding DQEs were computed. The experimental zero frequency DQE after filtering the x-ray beam through 45-mm acrylic was estimated at 0.51, 0.48, and 0.46 for Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh, and Rh/Rh respectively. A good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was observed. The clinical digital mammography system appears to exhibit favorable physical characteristics and similar models could be used to design and optimize other imaging systems.
Effect of glucose fermentation on fiber digestion by ruminal microorganisms in vitro

Two in vitro digestion trials were performed to determine whether the negative effect on fiber digestion when pH was maintained at > 6.2 was attributable to glucose alone or to end products of glucose fermentation. In some treatments, glucose was depleted by a previous 6-h incubation; the supernatant from this incubation was used as the buffer source for treatments using the fermented glucose medium. In trial 1, mixed cultures were grown on cellulose, soybean hulls, and corn bran in fresh media with 0 (control) or 25 mM glucose, in media previously fermented for 6 h with 0 (control) or 25 mM glucose, or in fermented control medium plus 25 mM lactic acid. The rate of NDF digestion was decreased with fermented glucose medium but not with fresh glucose medium or lactic acid medium. Concentrations of lactate, propionate, and butyrate did not appear to affect NDF digestion directly. In trial 2, six treatment media were used: control and glucose media that were either fresh or previously fermented for 6 h and fermented control and glucose media treated with a protease. Rate of NDF digestion was slower in cultures with fermented glucose medium that was treated with protease than in fermented control medium without protease. When treated with protease, rate of NDF digestion was not different between the fermented control medium and the fermented glucose medium. Thus, the negative effect on fiber digestion appeared to be attributable partially to a proteinaceous inhibitor that was produced in culture media containing a rapidly fermented sugar.
DECREASING THE VARIANCE OF LAMBING TIME IN CROSSBRED EWES USING FLUMETHASONE, CLENBUTEROL AND OXYTOCIN

Abstract Pregnant crossbred ewes were used to determine if oxytocin, administered after clenbuterol would decrease the variability in time to lambing. At 1900 hours on Day 140 or 141 of gestation, all ewes received 2.5 mg flumethasone to induce parturition. Ewes which had not lambed by 0700 hours on Day 142 or 143 (41/57) were assigned to one of the following: Treatment 1, vehicle at 0700 and 1300 hours (n = 12); Treatment 2, vehicle at 0700 hours and 50 IU oxytocin at 1300 hours (n = 11); Treatment 3, 146 μg clenbuterol at 0700 hours and vehicle at 1300 hours (n = 9); and Treatment 4, 146 μg clenbuterol at 0700 hours and 50 IU oxytocin at 1300 hours (n = 9). The mean time from administration of flumethasone to lambing was 54 ± 3 hours in Treatment 3, which was greater (P 0.05). Progesterone for all ewes decreased (P
Current status of management of hereditary ovarian–breast cancer syndrome

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic malignancy, resulting in approximately 14,500 deaths annually. Approximately 10% of ovarian cancers may be due to an inherited genetic predisposition. Hereditary ovarian–breast cancer syndrome is associated with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes located on chromosomes 17 and 13, respectively. Women with a BRCA1 mutation have an 85% risk of developing breast cancer, a 60% risk of ovarian cancer by age 70, and an increased risk of colon cancer. Those with mutations of the BRCA2 gene have a lower cancer risk. Epithelial ovarian adenocarcinomas that occur in a hereditary setting due to transmitted germ-line BRCA1 mutations are predominantly of the serious type, with underpresentation of mucinous and border line tumors. The preferred method for preventing the hereditary–ovarian breast cancer syndrome, in high-risk patients, is performing a prophylactic oophorectomy using videolaparoscopy. The apoptic characteristics of BRCA1 gene therapy may have the potential to prevent the progression of ovarian cancer, and enzyme/prodrug gene therapy is the efficient approach to do so. Both the efficacy and technique of prophylactic oophorectomy and gene therapy protocol for developed cancer will be presented.
Structural Aspects of Nanocrystals of Transition-Metal Hexafluorides

Experiments carried out under systematically changing conditions were performed to generate nanocrystals of MoF6 and WF6 in supersonic expansions of the vapor. Results were monitored by electron diffraction. Under warmer expansion conditions the bcc crystals produced rapidly transformed to a metastable monoclinic phase unknown in the bulk, whereas nucleation at colder temperatures led directly to the orthorhombic phase generally considered to be the stable low-temperature allotrope. When nucleation was postponed until the flow was very cold, the orthorhombic diffraction pattern appeared but was mixed with a pattern that could not be identified with any known phase of any hexahalide. Although the evidence is not absolutely conclusive, we believe that a new phase was formed. If this is true, it is an open question whether the phase is another metastable allotrope owing its existence to the kinetics rather than the thermodynamics of formation or whether it, rather than the orthorhombic structure, constitutes...
Arthroscopic Repair of Ulnar-Sided Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears

Injuries to the triangular fibrocartilage complex are a common source of ulnar wrist pain. This article reviews current literature on triangular fibrocartilage complex repair and further describes our preferred technique.
Studies on the binding of nucleotides by rat brain hexokinase

Abstract Various nucleoside di- and triphosphates have been compared with respect to their ability to protect rat brain hexokinase (ATP: d -hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) activity against inactivation by chymotrypsin, glutaraldehyde, heat, and 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic) acid. ATP could be distinguished from other nucleoside triphosphates in these comparisons, which may be related to the specificity with which ATP is utilized as a substrate. All nucleoside derivatives examined provided substantial protection against two or more of the above inactivating agents, indicating relatively nonspecific binding of nucleotides by brain hexokinase, consistent with a similar lack of specificity in the inhibition of this enzyme by nucleoside derivatives. The fluorescence of 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS) and of tetraiodofluorescein (TIF) was enhanced by binding to brain hexokinase. TNS binding was not affected by the presence of various relevant metabolites (Glc, glucose 6-phosphate, ATP), nor did TNS inhibit the enzyme. In contrast, substantial (approximately 70%) decreases in the fluorescence of bound TIF resulted from the addition of various nucleoside derivatives, and TIF served as a competitive inhibitor of brain hexokinase. These observations are consistent with the view that TIF binds to a nucleotide binding site of the enzyme. The inability of nucleotides to totally displace TIF was taken to indicate the existence of an additional TIF binding site (or sites) discrete from the catalytic site, and probably identical to the site(s) at which TNS binds with no effect on catalytic activity. The effects of saturating levels of ATP and ADP were not additive indicating that both compounds were displacing TIF from the same site i.e., a common nucleotide binding site. Glc, mannose, and 2-deoxyglucose greatly enhanced the ability of nucleotides to displace TIF, while fructose, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine did not, indicating the existence of interactions between hexose and nucleotide binding sites; the hexoses themselves were not effective at displacing TIF. The enhanced binding of nucleotides in the presence of the first three hexoses but not the latter three can be directly correlated with the relative ability of these hexoses to induce specific conformational changes in the enzyme. The hexoses themselves were not effective at displacing TIF. Glucose 6-phosphate and 1,5-anhydroglucitol 6-phosphate could also displace TIF, and as with the nucleotides, a maximum of approximately 70% decrease in fluorescence was observed and the effectiveness of glucose 6-phosphate was enhanced in the presence of Glc. Other hexose 6-phosphates tested were not effective at displacing TIF. The specificity with which hexose 6-phosphates displaced TIF could be correlated with their ability to induce specific conformational change in the enzyme. The results are discussed as they relate to the kinetic mechanism and allosteric regulation by nucleotides that have been proposed for this enzyme.
EFFECTS OF A CRYOGENIC AND THREE HOME FREEZING METHODS ON SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF PORK LOIN CHOPS

SUMMARY— Thirteen pairs of pork loin chops from each of four carcasses were assigned randomly to 13 treatments to study effects of freezing by liquid nitrogen vapor and by three home methods, and effects of 1 and 4 wk of storage in three types of home freezers. Regardless of freezing method, cooking losses (total, volatile and drippingl were higher (P < 0.01) and water-holding capacity of the LD muscle lower (P < 0.05) for frozen than for fresh chops. Acid number, flavor scores and over-all acceptability scores were higher (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01) for fresh than for frozen chops. Both immediately after freezing and after 1 and 4 wk of storage, liquid nitrogen freezing produced chops superior in appearance to home-frozen chops. Total and dripping cooking losses were greater (P < 0.05 and 0.01), and total moisture of the LD lower (p < 0.05) for liquid nitrogen-frozen than for home-frozen chops. Free fatty acid was higher (P < 0.05) in liquid nitrogen-frozen than in home-frozen chops. Tenderness and over-all acceptability scores were higher (P < 0.05) for chops stored in a one-door refrigerator-freezer than for those stored in a two-door refrigerator-freezer or an upright household freezer. Regardless of freezing method or storage conditions, volatile cooking losses and free fatty acids increased (P < 0.05), and over-all acceptability and tenderness scores decreased (P < 0.01) between 1 and 4 wk of storage. The interaction between storage conditions and storage time resulted in greater (P < 0.051 increase in free fatty acids between 1 and 4 wk for chops stored in a one-door refrigerator-freezer than for those stored in the two other types of home freezers. Flavor and over-all acceptability scores decreased (P < 0.05) between 1 and 4 wk for chops stored in either refrigerator-freezer combination, but did not decrease during 4 wk of storage for chops in the upright household freezer.