cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theory of laser-induced excitation transfer and atomic association. II. Resonances.

We have extended our previous analysis of diatom laser-induced excitation transfer, illustrated by several examples, to include modifications due to laser-induced resonances. Compact and rigorous final results have been obtained through the use of a projection-operator scheme in combination with the ``symmetric-top'' basis set and a full quantal treatment of the radiation field. The principal limitations on our analysis are a neglect of fine-structure coupling and a simplifying assumption that the ground electronic manifold supports no bound nuclear states. Simple order-of-magnitude estimates of the predicted resonant cross sections also are provided.
The implicit memory ability of a patient with amnesia due to encephalitis

The implicit memory ability of a patient (S.S.) with severe amnesia due to encephalitis was assessed using five independent paradigms: Perceptual priming with real words and pseudowords; Word-stem completion with and without contextual cues; Word-stem completion following presentation of high- vs. low-frequency words; Biasing of the spelling of ambiguous (homophonic) words; and Conceptual priming. On the tasks in which previously acquired knowledge could potentially be activated by a prime (e.g., perceptual priming with real words), both S.S. and the Korsakoff patients performed on a normal level. However, when new learning or new associations had to be formed prior to implicit memory testing (e.g., perceptual priming of pseudowords or contextual word-stem completion), S.S.'s implicit memory performance was superior to Korsakoff amnesics. These results suggested that new learning differentially affects the priming abilities of S.S. and alcoholic Korsakoff patients. Since S.S.'s amnesia is as severe as Korsakoff patients, it was also concluded that severity of amnesia is clearly not the sole determinant of priming capacity; etiology may be equally important.
Cyclic nucleotide dependent phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibits catalytic activity

We have examined the regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by phosphorylation with cyclic-GMP (PKG) and cyclic-AMP-dependent (PKA) protein kinases. In vitro phosphorylation studies indicate that both PKG and PKA phosphorylate NOS on a single site. Phosphoamino-acid analysis and peptide mapping demonstrate that phosphorylation by either cyclic-nucleotide kinase occurs on a similar serine residue. Phosphorylation of purified NOS by either PKG or PKA diminishes catalytic activity. Stimulation by 8-Br-cGMP of HEK-293 cells stably transfected with the cDNA for neuronal NOS (293.NOS cells) results in phosphorylation of immunoprecipitated NOS. Incubation of 293-NOS cells with 8-bromo-cGMP or dibutyryl-cAMP reduces nitrite release in response to stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187. Phosphorylation-induced decreases in NOS activity may counterbalance and modulate NOS activating signals.
STUDIES ON THE TRI-n-OCTYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE COMPLEX OF URANYL NITRATE

Abstract The stoichiometry of the tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (“TOPO”) complex of uranyl nitrate was established by extraction studies. On the basis of these studies, the formula UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 (TOPO) 2 can be assigned to the complex. The complex possesses a high degree of stability. Approximate values of ΔH , ΔF and ΔS where obtained at 25°C for the extraction reactions of uranyl nitrate and nitric acid into TOPO-cyclohexane. The complex was found to be labile with respect to uranium exchange and possesses a dipole moment of about 8 Debye units. The molecular weights of the complex in cyclohexane and benzene were found to be significantly different. The spectra of the complex were obtained in the visible and the infra-red regions (5000−700 cm −1 ; i.e. 2–15 μ).
N‐Nitrosothiazolidine in Cured Meat Products

Since N-nitrosothiazolidine (NTHZ) formation in cure-pumped bacon has recently been linked to the heating-smoking step in bacon processing, a survey of other smoked cured meat products was conducted, Nitrosothiazolidine was detected in 23 of 70 products, other than cure-pumped bacon, in concentrations ranging from 1.7 -19.0 ppb. No correlation of NTHZ values with either residual sodium nitrite or with product type was found.
Hypercapnia during the first 3 days of life is associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants

To examine whether hypercapnia in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during the first 3 days of life is associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Retrospective cohort study of inborn VLBW infants between January 1999 and May 2004 with arterial access during the first 3 days of life. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used where IVH was dichotomized ((grades 0/1/2)=non-severe; (grades 3/4)=severe). Measures of hypercapnia were entered into the model to ascertain their association with severe IVH. In total, 574 VLBW infants met entry criteria. Worst IVH grade was 0 in 400; 1: 54; 2: 42; 3: 47; and 4: 31 infants. The logistic regression model consisted of the following predictors of severe IVH: gestational age, gender, 1 min Apgar score (dichotomized into two groups: >3 vs ⩽3), multifetal gestation, vasopressor use, and maximum PaCO2. In addition to traditional risk factors, it appears maximum PaCO2 is a dose-dependent predictor of severe IVH during the permissive hypercapnia era.
Complex phenotypes in mosquitoes and mice associated with neutralization escape of a Dengue virus type 1 monoclonal antibody

DENV1-E106 is a monoclonal antibody (MAb) with strong neutralizing activity against all five DENV-1 genotypes and therapeutic activity in mice. Here, we evaluated the potential for DENV-1 to escape neutralization by DENV1-E106. A single mutation in domain III of the envelope protein (T329A) emerged, which conferred resistance to DENV1-E106. However, the T329A variant virus had differing phenotypes in vitro and in vivo with attenuation in cell culture yet increased infectivity in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Mice infected with this T329A variant still were protected against lethal infection by DENV1-E106 even though much of the neutralizing activity was lost. This study reveals the complex dynamics of neutralization escape of an inhibitory MAb against DENV, and suggests that evaluation of therapeutic MAbs requires detailed investigation in relevant hosts.
Role of ERCC1 in removal of long non-homologous tails during targeted homologous recombination.

The XpF/Ercc1 structure-specific endonuclease performs the 5′ incision in nucleotide excision repair and is the apparent mammalian counterpart of the Rad1/Rad10 endonuclease from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In yeast, Rad1/Rad10 endonuclease also functions in mitotic recombination. To determine whether XpF/Ercc1 endonuclease has a similar role in mitotic recombination, we targeted the APRT locus in Chinese hamster ovary ERCC1+ and ERCC1– cell lines with insertion vectors having long or short terminal non-homologies flanking each side of a double-strand break. No substantial differences were evident in overall recombination frequencies, in contrast to results from targeting experiments in yeast. However, profound differences were observed in types of APRT+ recombinants recovered from ERCC1– cells using targeting vectors with long terminal non-homologies—almost complete ablation of gap repair and single-reciprocal exchange events, and generation of a new class of aberrant insertion/deletion recombinants absent in ERCC1+ cells. These results represent the first demonstration of a requirement for ERCC1 in targeted homologous recombination in mammalian cells, specifically in removal of long non-homologous tails from invading homologous strands.
Attitudinal and Behavioral Outcomes of an Upward Feedback Process

A pretest-posttest design was used at a large telecommunications firm whereby a 6-month interval separated the first and second rounds of an upward feedback administration. The purpose was to exami...
Novel integrated optical structures for sensing applications

There is an increasing interest in using an integrated optical waveguide as a displacement or pressure sensor. This paper provides a theoretical analysis of 3-D channel waveguides subjected to deformation. The analysis is rather general and can be extended to many practical channel waveguides. The motivation for this paper is to provide the designers of integrated optical sensors simple formulas to evaluate designs and material systems. Our analysis begins with a straight channel guide having an isotropic refractive index. In Section I, we consider the wave solutions to this channel waveguide using the Marcatili method. We give all the pertinent equations for performing first order calculations.
Treatment of head-and-neck carcinoma with noncurative intent.

Cure-the goal of the head-and-neck sureven when it is apparent or suspected that a geon in every patient encounter-is elusive or cure cannot be achieved. In this instance the impossible in many instances, due to the nattherapeutic program is called treatment with ural history and evolution of the basic disease noncurative intent (TNCI). process or the lack of success of therapeutic It is appropriate for the surgeon to have a interventions. As early as 3,000 BC when the well-coordinated plan of therapy for the padocument now referred to as the Edwin Smith tient that takes into account the anticipated Papyrus was written, presumably by Imhotep, course of the disease and the need for continthe famous architect-physician and builder of uous physician involvement until death. The the pyramids, it was recognized that there are meaning of death itself has been described by medical conditions for which treatment is unConley as a “conglomerate of personal emonecessary, futile, inappropriate, and not to be tion, religious ideals, domestic circumstances, rendered.’ social mores, medical ethics, and legal statStatistics provided by the American Cancer utes,‘14 -a definition which might be kept in Society demonstrate that from 1960 through mind as the plan for TNCI is prepared. 1967 there has been essentially no increase in During the past 22 years of interest in this survival among patients with cancer of the problem5’6,7 we have evolved a two-part prooral cavity, larynx, and pharynx. Each year tocol for (1) making the diagnosis of incurabilover 50,000 new head-and-neck cancers are ity on the basis of clinical and radiologic stagdiagnosed and over 15,000 patients die of ing and analysis of the natural history of epitheir disease, despite the best-planned and exdermoid carcinoma of the head and neck by a ecuted therapy.’ When other areas of the head systematic team approach, and for (2) formuand neck are included !&year survival drops to lating a plan for therapy that is based on a under 56%’ similar team approach. In the process of putIn dealing with patients with squamosal ting together this protocol we have been cancer of the head and neck, the therapy prompted, challenged, and guided by lessons might aptly be described as treatment with culearned from patients who asked questions rative intent (TCI). The treatment protocol inand made statements such as: volves single or multiple modality therapy which is given in a planned way, usually with Why won’t my doctor touch me?
A Brief Parent Rating Scale for Assessing Young Children's Adjustment

This report describes the development of the Parent Rating Scale (PRS), a 20-item scale for use by parents in rating the adjustment of young normal children. Based on the responses of 416 parents of urban and suburban 2nd and 3rd grade children, a principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation yielded a 4-factor solution accounting for 48.3% in total variance. Low to moderate relationshps were found between PRS scores and teacher, self, and sociometric ratings fo children. PRS total and factor and total scores discriminated clearly between referred and nonreferred children. Suburban children had higher PRS scores than urban children and girls had higher scores than boys.
Poly N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-adenylic acid: Synthesis and characterization

Abstract Blocked N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-adenosine was phosphorylated with 2-cyanoethylphosphate and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and the resulting 5′-nucleotide converted first to the 5′-phosphoromorpholidate and then to the 5′-diphosphate. The latter was polymerized using polynucleotide phosphorylase giving poly N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-adenylate. The polynucleotide had high molecular weight shown by s 0 20,w = 12.0S and quantitative base hydrolysis to -3′(2′)-nucleotide without observable end groups. The polynucleotide was highly hypochromic (relative to monomer) at pH 2, analogous to helical acid polyadenylate, but was less hypochromic than the latter at pH 7 with Tm = 13° and a second transition, 20°–85°, indicating less stable base-base interaction than polyadenylate.
The overflows across the Ninetyeast Ridge

Abstract Water deeper than, say, 3800 m in the Central Indian Basin comes from the West Australian Basin across deep saddles on the Ninetyeast Ridge near Lats. 5°S, 10°S, and 28°S. The WOCE Hydrographic Program in the Indian Ocean (1994–1996) provided opportunities for more detailed measurements of water properties in these overflows than any made earlier. With zero-velocity surfaces inferred from contrasts in oxygen and silicic-acid concentrations and from distributions of specific-volume anomaly, geostrophic estimates of these overflow rates are, respectively, 1.0, 1.1, and 0.1×10 6 m 3 s −1 (westward). These constructions also imply strong zonal flows of mid-depth water (between 2000 db and the zero-velocity surfaces) through the passages: 2.2 and 6.7×10 6 m 3 s −1 westward at Lats. 5°S and 10°S, respectively, and 1.8×10 6 m 3 s −1 eastward at Lat. 28°S. As in the southward flow through Denmark Strait, density stratification explains the splitting of westward currents at 5°S and 10°S into mid-depth and deep flows as they pass over their saddles (but not why such vertically extended flows should exist in the first place). The cause of opposed eastward flow at 28°S is less certain, but might be related to the particular geometry of the West Australian Basin.
Mass monitoring of carbonaceous aerosols with a spectrophone

Abstract The feasibility of using light absorption as an in situ mass monitor for carbonaceous aerosols has been studied. The absorption measurements were made using a helium-cadmium laser with a measured output of 3 mW at 4166 A chopped at 4000 Hz to power an acoustically resonant spectrophone. Coupling of the spectrophone with a laboratory flow tube system for generating carbonaceous aerosols has produced the following results: (1) spectrophone output is proportional to carbonaceous aerosol mass concentration as independently determined by filter collection and weighing; (2) the absorption coefficient of carbonaceous aerosols is 17 m2 g−1 at 4166 A in rough agreement with previously measured values for bulk carbon and graphite samples of 1.4–15.0 m2 g−1. The spectrophone provides a means of continuous monitoring of carbonaceous aerosols and is for less time-consuming than filter collection techniques. Potential applications include real time monitoring of vehicle exhaust, laboratory combustion research studies and field measurements.
Considerations of cost-effectiveness for new radiation oncology technologies.

Purpose The additional equipment and personnel costs of supplying image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) technology have caused many to question if the marginal gains in patients' health-related quality of life are worth the additional cost. Novel IGRT technologies, including cone-beam computed tomography and helical tomotherapy, provide the opportunity to study cost and effectiveness for patients. Materials and Methods This methodologic study proposes to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of treating conventional radiotherapy versus IGRT patients prospectively among several institutions. The cost of treating patients varies among institutions depending on personnel, equipment, and overhead costs, but the nature and quality of services provided are expected to be consistent. Results The study will track cost information at a single institution and simultaneously as the median from multiple institutions. Effectiveness measures will include both standard quality-adjusted life-year instruments completed by patients and performance status measures completed by institutional personnel. In addition, disease-specific effectiveness measures will be accommodated in the study. Each participating institution will use the same effectiveness measures to track patients with similar diseases. Conclusion The resulting cost and effectiveness data will be available to investigators at any point during the study, immediately on the completion of a trial, or when statistical acceptability is achieved. These considerations are being incorporated into a high-level information model under development.
Proteoglycan from bovine follicular fluid enhances an acrosome reaction in bovine spermatozoa

Abstract Bovine epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa were incubated for 22 and 9.5 h respectively, in a chemically defined medium. The percentages of sperm exhibiting an acrosome reaction were determined morphologically after fixing and staining specimens. Addition of bovine follicular proteoglycan or chondroitin sulfates ABC significantly increased the incidence of acrosome reaction. The stimulatory effects of the proteoglycan or chondroitin sulfates were negated by exposure to the enzyme chondroitinase ABC. Viability of spermatozoa was not affected by the various experimental treatments. Transmission electron microscopy of spermatozoa showed that vesiculation had occurred between the plasma and outer acrosomal membrane. These results suggest that proteoglycan present in follicular fluid at the time of ovulation may promote the acrosome reaction which precedes the ability of sperm to fertilize an ovum.
Sodium ion sensitive electrode based on a molybdenum oxide bronze

Abstract New sodium ion sensitive metal—oxide-type sensors have been developed and tested with a direct solid state contact method. Performance was demonstrated at ambient temperature with single crystals of Na 0.9 Mo 6 O 17 and Li 0.33 MoO 3 . The sodium molybdenum bronze sensor responded reproducibly and fast to changes of Na + concentration in the range of 1–10 −4 mol dm −3 . Cross sensitivity tests to other ions such as H + or K + have shown that the new sodium ion sensor may be used when the concentration of other ions is an order of magnitude smaller than the Na + concentration.
Recent Advances in the Genetics of Autism

Autism is a strongly genetic disorder, with an estimated heritability of greater than 90%. Nonetheless, its specific genetic etiology remains largely unknown. Over the past several years, the convergence of rapidly advancing genomic technologies, the completion of the human genome project, and successful collaborative efforts to increase the number of deoxyribonucleic acid samples available for study have led to the first solid clues regarding the genetic origins of autism spectrum disorders. This article addresses the obstacles that have confronted gene discovery efforts and reviews recent linkage, cytogenetic, and candidate gene association studies relevant to autism spectrum disorders. In addition, promising avenues for future research and the potential contribution of emerging genomic technologies are considered.
Development of the hermaphrodite genital organs of valvata tricarinata

1. Valvata tricarinata is a true hermaphrodite which exhibits cyclical protandry, with an alternation of male and female phases. Self-fertilization has never been observed. 2. Development from the time of egg laying until hatching requires fifteen days in the lake environment and twelve days in the laboratory. 3. The diploid chromosome number is eighteen. Ten V-shaped and eight short rod-shaped chromosomes occur in spermatogonial mitoses. Nine quadripartite tetrads appear in the primary spermatocytes and nine simple rod-shaped chromosomes appear in the spermatids. No sex chromosomes have been identified. 4. The segregation of the female and male germ cells takes place early in the development and they remain topographically separated. The female germ cells are restricted to the peripheral marginal zone while the male germ cells are located in the medulla. 5. A single egg type is present and no nutritive ova form at any stage of the development. 6. Four kinds of sperms are formed, of which one only is functional. The three others are progressively atypical and are without function. 7. Each sperm type forms in separate spermatocysts; mingling of one type with another in the same cyst does not occur. 8. The topographical relationships within the hermaphrodite gland indicate that atypical spermatogenesis and absortive transformation are due to the amphisexual condition of the prosobranchiates. 9. An intra-nuclear rod and intra-nuclear canal are present in the head of the sperm. The intra-nuclear rod which extends from the middle piece to the base of the acrosome is derived from the proximal centrosome.
Able‐bodied instructors and students with physical disabilities: A relationship handicapped by communication

Although students with disabilities are not intellectually different from their able‐bodied peers, their presence in the classroom can negatively affect instructors' behavior. Many instructors are uncomfortable interacting with and offering instruction to students with disabilities. The communicative relationship between instructors and students with physical disabilities was examined using participant observation. The observations took place over six weeks and included 66 class meetings for a total of 84 hours of observations. Through these observations, four roles were identified to describe and explain how able‐bodied instructors communicate with physically disabled students: the avoider, the guardian, the rejecter, and the nurturer. Each role is described and illustrated with events that happened in classrooms. The authors conclude that able‐bodied instructors communicate differently with students with physical disabilities than with able‐bodied students. The implications of this study are discussed f...
Cinematic success criteria and their predictors: The art and business of the film industry.

The author reviewed the empirical research on the factors underlying the success of feature-length narrative films. After specifying some methodological caveats, the review examined the three main criteria by which a film's success can be evaluated: critical evaluations (both early and post-theatrical run), financial performance (including first weekend and gross), and movie awards (including dramatic, visual, technical, and music categories). To what extent do these criteria represent distinct aesthetic and economic assessments? The review then turned to the various predictors of these success criteria. How is success connected with the film's production and distribution characteristics? To what extent do the predictors converge and diverge across alternative criteria? The article then closes with a discussion of some psychological issues raised by the reviewed findings. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RELATIONAL DATABASE USE IN ONE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AND A PROPOSAL FOR A VOLUNTARY, NATIONAL COLLABORATIVE OUTCOME AND NEONATAL MEDICAL INTERVENTION REPORTING SYSTEM USING THE INTERNET. 1606

Recently, most tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the U.S. are using or are planning a computerized database for statistical reporting, quality assurance, and research activities1. However, large collaborative research networks, such as the Vermont-Oxford Trials Network2 which have demonstrated wide variation in neonatal care and outcome among hospitals in a single region, are rare. The Internet, with its ability to transfer data securely and virtually instantaneously, and relational database tools, such as FoxPro, which link related database tables via a common field, provide a unique, historic opportunity in neonatology to create a national database on infants cared for in NICUs in the U.S. We present a database program created using FoxPro which could serve as a model for such a system. Over 600 data items are collected on all patients admitted to our NICU using a cross-platformed, networked system. Neonatal fellows begin entering patient data into the database at the time of admission, which is completed at discharge. The data is reviewed by attendings; as well, many built-in error codes prevent the entry of implausible or inconsistent data. The program generates all attending/fellow admission notes and discharge summaries, letters to referring/follow-up physicians or to accompany families at patient discharge, and monthly statistical reports. Our system exceeds all of the features likely to provide database satisfaction1, and is malleable to future needs within our hospital and for research projects. This database program could also be modified to meet the needs of other neonatal units. Portions of local databases could then be donated via the Internet to a central national server using current FTP protocols and security procedures, and related to the other local databases. The consortium of contributing centers could use this central database for epidemiological research and for direct comparison regarding outcome, differences in neonatal practice, and quality control. Such a consortium could quickly be created producing a nation-wide database at low cost, which could contribute to further improvement in neonatal care and establish a nation-wide standard of care in neonatal practice which at the present time does not exist.
Determination of mercury in drinking water by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry with electrothermal vaporization

The determination of mercury at the ng/mL level is needed in clinical, environmental, and occupational hygiene studies. The cold vapor atomic absorption technique for the determination of mercury in water is applied widely. An alternative approach is electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ETAAAS). The major limitation of this latter technique results from the extreme volatility of mercury, and a significant loss is observed when one is drying a mercury salt solution in ETA-AAS. Ediger reduced mercury volatility by thermal stabilization with ammonium sulfide. Halasz et al. compared sodium sulfide and dithizone as mercury stabilizing agents to find that in the presence of dithizone higher charring temperatures were usable. Recently Takla and Valijanian extracted mercury with dithizone, and the mercury-containing extract samples were dried and ashed prior to atomization at up to 250°C without loss. Lapanja et al. searched for stabilizing reagents for mercury and investigated the atomization of organic mercury chelates. The thermal decomposition product of these stabilizing reagents was HgS.
The Impact of Media Images of Super-Slender Women on Women's Self-Esteem: Identification, Social Comparison, and Self-Perception

Abstract Some women enjoy examining media depictions of extremely slender models, while others find such depictions produce feelings of inadequacy. The two reactions appear to reflect differences in the impact of bodily information in generating feelings. Forty-one women were randomly assigned to view pictures of slender or normal-weight models and to respond to scales measuring body esteem and self-esteem. The importance of personal, bodily cues in feeling processes was also determined by inducing the women to adopt facial expressions of emotion and assessing whether their feelings changed to match their expressions. Among women whose emotions were based on personal cues, looking at slender models produced lower self-esteem and satisfaction with their weight as compared to women viewing more robust models, apparently reflecting social-comparison processes. Among women unresponsive to personal cues, looking at slender models increased self-esteem and satisfaction with their weight, apparently due to identification.
Writing One's Way into Reading.

Despite research and theory to the contrary, approaches to the teaching of reading continue to reflect a transmission model of reading, focused on the retrieval of information from a text. This model prevents students from experiencing reading as an active, exploratory process, one that involves the making of meaning. It thus denies them their transactions with a text and the realization that reading involves such transactions. In order to give students experiences with reading that demonstrate the ways in which readers engage, contribute to, and make connections with texts, writing needs to be fully integrated with reading. Writing, because of its heuristic, generative, and recursive nature, allows students to write their way into reading and to discover that reading shares much in common with writing, that reading, too, is an act of composing. It has become commonplace to characterize the act of writing as a meaning making, purposeful, evolving, recursive, dialogic, tentative, fluid, exploratory process. Recent research and theory in reading have shown us that these terms can be applied as well to the act of reading, for like writing, reading is characterized by active engagement through which meaning is created. But although there have been ongoing attempts to incorporate the implications of writing research and theory into the classroom, the teaching of reading seems to be less responsive to what we know about the process of reading, perhaps because it is difficult to reconcile the kinds of outward performance and demonstrations required by schooling with the internal experience of reading.
Purification and properties of uronate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas syringae.

Abstract An NAD-linked, galacturonate- or glucuronate-induced enzyme, uronate dehy-drogenase (uronate: NAD-oxidoreductase), was purified 54-fold from cells of Pseudomonas syringae . This enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of d -galacturonic acid to galactaric acid and d -glucuronic acid to glucaric acid. This uronate dehydrogenase utilizes NAD but not NADP as a co-factor. It exhibits unusual heat lability since all activity is lost in preparations held at 35 ° for 30 min; but stability is enhanced by the addition of 0.58 m m NAD. The optimum pH for the oxidation of galacturonate occurs between 7.0 and 8.4. HgCl 2 at 10 −3 m completely inhibits uronate dehydrogenase activity. Uronate dehydrogenase can be used for the quantitative detection of galacturonate or glucuronate.
Outcomes of Covered Kissing Stent Placement Compared with Bare Metal Stent Placement in the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease at the Aortic Bifurcation

Purpose To review the outcomes with the use of balloon-expandable covered iliac kissing stents as compared with bare metal stents in the treatment of atherosclerotic disease at the aortic bifurcation. Materials and Methods A review of consecutive patients from a single institution with atherosclerotic occlusive disease at the aortic bifurcation treated with balloon-expandable kissing stents was performed between January 1, 2002, and September 1, 2007. Fifty-four patients were identified and divided into two groups: those with bare metal stents and those with covered stents. Technical and clinical success (Fontaine classification), complications, and patency at follow-up were documented. Results Twenty-six patients (17 men, nine women; mean age, 61 years; age range, 39–79 years) received covered stents and 28 patients (15 men, 13 women; mean age, 61 years; age range, 38–82 years) received bare metal stents. Technical success was achieved in 100% of patients in both groups. Major complications occurred in three of the 26 (11%) with covered stents ( P = .66) and two of the 28 patients (7%) with bare metal stents. The median follow-up was 21 months (20 months for covered stents vs 25 months for bare metal stents; range, 1–62 months). Twenty-two of the 26 patients (85%) with covered stents had sustained improvement in clinical symptoms during the follow-up period compared with 15 of the 28 patients (54%) with bare metal stents ( P = .02). Primary patency rates at 1 and 2 years were 92% and 92%, respectively, for covered stents and 78% and 62% for bare metal stents ( P = .023). Conclusions The use of covered balloon-expandable kissing stents for atherosclerotic aortic bifurcation occlusive disease provides superior patency at 2 years as compared with bare metal balloon-expandable stents.
Effect of magnetic ordering on optical and magneto-optical properties of Fe/Cr superlattices

Abstract Optical reflectance/transmittance and magneto-optical Kerr effect of Fe/Cr superlattices (SL) are studied by using the first principles full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method. Equilibrium atomic structures are optimized through total energy and atomic force approaches. Pronounced peaks in the ellipticity and optical spectra are obtained around 3000 cm −1 for the ferromagnetic SL due to the inter-band electron excitations. The change in magnetic ordering from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic cases alters optical functions, namely, the reflectance, R and transmittance T . The calculated Δ R / R and Δ T / T have a pronounced maximum around 2000 cm −1 and decay almost linearly thereafter toward high photon energies, a result that agrees qualitatively well with experiment.
Scientific Imaginaries and Ethical Plateaus in Contemporary U.S. Toxicology

This article contributes to a growing literature in the anthropology of science, focusing on contemporary U.S. toxicology and the development of “toxicogenomics.” Toxicogenomics research aims to understand impacts of environmental stressors at the genetic level and to create a “systems toxicology” that combines different kinds of biological data for holistic understanding. Toxicologists are challenged to deal with greater and greater complexity while fulfilling their historic mission of producing results relevant to regulatory, legal, and clinical decision making. Although there is now a robust body of anthropological work on the sciences—in practice, as sites of cultural production, and as cultural and political-economic forces in a variety of domains—a relatively underdeveloped theme is subject formation within the sciences. This article directs ethnographic attention toward understanding how scientific imaginaries take shape and interpolate technical, biomaterial, political-economic, social, cultural, and ethical elements. We map such efforts in contemporary toxicogenomics as an instance of “civic science.”
The band-band Auger effect in semiconductors

Abstract Theoretical and experimental work on the band-band Auger effect is discussed with special reference to recent work.
Social skills interventions for children with autism

Autism is characterized by deficits in pretend play, perspective taking, initiating and responding to others, and other profound social impairments. As the incidence of children being identified with autism increases, so does the need for effective interventions that target social skills development. Over the last decade, social skills interventions have become more sophisticated, incorporating video technology and naturalistic teaching procedures. Many of these studies have been shown to generalize across settings, participants, and to individuals not directly involved in these studies. Although the small sample sizes make generalization of findings to the population at large somewhat problematic, continued replication of these studies and the development of increasingly sophisticated social skills interventions may lead to broader interpretation and application. This article reviews critical research conducted over the past 15 years on social skills interventions. To aid in the implementation of these interventions, suggestions for application and a list of references follow the review. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 717–726, 2007.
Preoptic and hypothalamic neurons and the initiation of locomotion in the anesthetized rat

Despite its insensate condition and apparent motoric depression, the anesthetized rat can provide useful information about the systems involved in locomotor initiation. The preparation appears to be particularly appropriate for the study of the appetitive locomotor systems and may be more limited for the study of the circuits involved in exploratory and defensive locomotion. In the anesthetized rat, pharmacological evidence indicates that the preoptic basal forebrain contains neurons which initiate locomotor stepping. Mapping with low levels of electrical stimulation indicates, but does not prove, that a region centered in the lateral preoptic area might be the location of these neurons. Several lines of evidence indicate that locomotor stepping elicited by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus is mediated by neurons in the perifornical and lateral hypothalamus. Locomotor effects of hypothalamic stimulation persist in the absence of descending fibers of passage from the ipsilateral preoptic locomotor regions but are severely impaired by kainic acid lesions in the area of stimulation. Injections of glutamate into the perifornical and lateral hypothalamus elicit locomotor stepping at short latencies. Anatomical evidence suggests that the two regions are components of a network for appetitive locomotion. The recognition that multiple systems initiate locomotion both clarifies and complicates the study of locomotion. It provides a framework that incorporates disparate findings but it also underscores the need for increased attention to behavioral issues in studies of locomotor circuitry.
Community Participation Measures for People With Disabilities: A Systematic Review of Content From an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Perspective

Abstract Objective To identify instruments that measure community participation in people with disabilities and to evaluate which domains, to what extent, and how precisely they address this construct. The review aims to provide information to guide the selection of community participation instruments and to identify limitations of existing measures. Data Sources A systematic search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychINFO in February and March 2012. The latest systematic reviews and references of searched articles were also reviewed to check for measures that were not identified in the initial search. Study Selection Instruments were included if they (1) were a self-report questionnaire; (2) measured community participation, participation, or community integration; (3) measured actual participation (rather than subjective experience); (4) had available information on the instrument content and measurement properties; (5) were designed for adults; and (6) were applicable for all disabled populations. Data Extraction Instruments were obtained from identified full-text articles, reference lists, or websites. Two researchers independently reviewed each selected instrument to determine which of their items measure community participation. These items were then classified using 9 community participation domains from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to reflect each instrument's domain coverage. Data Synthesis Seventeen instruments were identified as containing community participation items, 2 of which were 100% composed of community participation items. The rest of the instruments included 8.7% to 73.1% items measuring community participation. The domain coverage varied from 3 to 8 domains across the instruments. Conclusions None of the 17 instruments covered the full breadth of community participation domains, but each addressed community participation to some extent. New instruments that evaluate community participation more comprehensively will be needed in the future.
Fatigue-crack growth and fracture properties of coarse and fine-grained Ti3SiC2

An experimental study of fracture and cyclic fatigue-crack growth behavior was made in a reactively hot-pressed monolithic Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} ceramic with both fine (3--10 {mu}m) and coarse-grained (50--200 {mu}m) microstructures. Whereas the fine-grained microstructure exhibited a steady-state (plateau) R-curve fracture toughness of K{sub c} {approximately} 9.5 MPa{radical}m, the coarse-grained Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} exhibited a K{sub c} {approximately}16 MPa{radical}m. The latter value is though to be one of the highest fracture toughnesses ever observed in a monolithic, non-transforming ceramic, consistent with the profusion of crack-bridging processes active in the crack wake. Moreover, fatigue-crack growth thresholds, {Delta}K{sub TH}, were comparatively high for ceramic materials, as indicated by the coarse-grained microstructure which had a threshold {Delta}K{sub TH} of {approximately}9 MPa{radical}m. Such fatigue crack growth was associated with substantial evidence for wear degradation at active bridging sites behind the crack tip.
Nonreporting of Recaptured Tagged Fish by Saltwater Recreational Boat Anglers in Texas

Abstract Internal abdominal tags were surreptitiously implanted in 301 fish caught by saltwater recreational boat anglers during creel survey interviews. Eighty-four of 301 anglers subsequently reported their tagged fish, yielding a reporting rate of 28%. Of 154 anglers later contacted, 73 had found the tag and only one knew that the tag had been secretly implanted during the interview. Five anglers suspected that the tag had been implanted. Failure to report tags was most often a result of failure to find the tag. This technique appears suitable for estimating the nonreporting of recaptured tagged fish, at least for week-end boat anglers.
Kingsley Bolton, Chinese Englishes: A sociolinguistic history

Kingsley Bolton, Chinese Englishes: A sociolinguistic history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xviii, 338. Hb US$70.00.Almost everyone knows that many places in the non-Anglophone world have had a long and tumultuous love affair with English, yet few are aware of China's flirtation, if not infatuation, with it. But with at least 200 million students of English in mainland China alone (Yong & Campbell 1995) – more than two-thirds of the population of the United States – the romance could hardly have been hidden for long. Kingsley Bolton has been letting the secret out for the past decade. This fascinating, timely, and very readable new book is the result of his many years of perseverance. In short, English in China has had “a long and barely remembered history” (p. xiii) which stretches back to the beginnings of maritime trade of Britain with Canton and Macao.
Retinopathy of Prematurity

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a rapidly evolving area of pediatric ophthalmology. Over the past decade, a new understanding of the pathophysiology of ROP has emerged. Advances in clinical research have lead to modifications in screening criteria and treatment guidelines for ROP. With this knowledge, new treatment modalities such as anti-angiogenic agents are being investigated. This review will highlight some of the current concepts related to ROP.
Security analysis for voltage problems using a reduced model

The authors present a new algorithm for power system security analysis considering voltage security problems. The approach is based on the newly developed adaptive prefilter (APF). Reduced models are used for both contingency selection and analysis. A fast and reliable prescreening procedure is used to screen out a large portion of noncritical cases at very little cost and provide the information needed in building reduced models for the selection and analysis procedure after the prescreening. Tests show that the proposed approach is fast and reliable. The efficiency of this algorithm is achieved due to the following; a large portion of noncritical cases are filtered out at very little cost by the APF module, fast one P and fast one Q iterations are used for the contingency selection, and reduced models are used for the AC analysis, and some of the 1P-1Q iterations applied in the contingency selection are utilized in the contingency analysis procedure. >
Systems of notations and the ramified analytical hierarchy

The purpose of this paper is to show that arithmetically minimal systems of notations can be constructed which provide notations for all ramified analytical ordinals (all the ordinals in the minimum β -model for analysis). This is a much larger section of the second number class than the Church-Kleene constructive ordinals (although still only an initial segment of the ordinals). Arithmetic minimality means that if H is an “ H -set” associated with an ordinal α in our system and H′ is an H -set associated with the same ordinal α in an arbitrary system of notations S , then H is arithmetical in H′ . Thus the arithmetical degrees associated with ordinals in our system are as low as possible. In order to clarify the structure of degrees of unsolvability and, more generally, to gain a deeper insight into the power set of the integers, coarser but neater classifications than the structure of Turing degrees have been sought. Several hierarchies of sets of integers have been studied, each of which organizes a certain class of sets (or their degrees of unsolvability) into a well-ordering of levels with increasing complexity of nonrecursiveness appearing at each new level. The best known of these hierarchies is the Kleene hierarchy of arithmetical sets.
Service Oriented Robotic Architecture for Space Robotics: Design, Testing, and Lessons Learned

This paper presents the lessons learned from six years of experiments with planetary rover prototypes running the Service Oriented Robotic Architecture (SORA) developed by the Intelligent Robotics Group (IRG) at the NASA Ames Research Center. SORA relies on proven software engineering methods and technologies applied to space robotics. Based on a Service Oriented Architecture and robust middleware, SORA encompasses on-board robot control and a full suite of software tools necessary for remotely operated exploration missions. SORA has been eld tested in numerous scenarios of robotic lunar and planetary exploration. The experiments conducted by IRG with SORA exercise a large set of the constraints encountered in space applications: remote robotic assets, ight relevant science instruments, distributed operations, high network latencies and unreliable or intermittent communication links. In this paper, we present the results of these eld tests in regard to the developed architecture, and discuss its bene ts and limitations.
Combating information overload in non-visual web access using context

Web sites are designed for graphical mode of interaction. Sighted users can visually segment Web pages and quickly identify relevant information. In contrast, visually-disabled individuals have to use screen readers to browse the Web. Screen readers process pages sequentially and read through everything, making Web browsing time-consuming and strenuous. The use of shortcut keys and searching offers some improvements, but the problem still remains. In this paper, we address this problem using the notion of context. When a user follows a link, we capture the context of the link, and use it to identify relevant information on the next page. The content of this page is rearranged, so that the relevant information is read out first. We conducted a series experiments to compare the performance of our prototype system with the state-of-the-art JAWS screen reader. Our results show that the use of context can potentially save browsing time as well as improve browsing experience of visually disabled individuals.