cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma of the Larynx.

Background Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma stemming from marginal zone B-cells. In this case report, we present two patients with an extremely rare localization of MALT lymphoma to the larynx. Methods Case 1 is of a 78-year-old male presenting with a six-month history of progressive hoarseness with a past medical history significant for marginal zone lymphoma of the right orbit. Diagnosis was confirmed with a biopsy for extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type. An FDG-PET scan was done but did not show any sign of FDG avid malignancy, including at the primary site. Case 2 is a 60-year-old female presenting with one year of worsening throat discomfort, intermittent cough, and dyspnea with exertion. Pathology confirmed a diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type. Results Case 1 was treated with low-dose radiation at 4 Gy delivered over two fractions of 2 Gy each. Upon completion of radiation treatment, he reported a resolution of his hoarseness and normalization of his voice. A four-month follow-up in May 2018 with flexible nasolaryngoscopy revealed a normal exam with fully mobile vocal folds bilaterally and no evidence of left false vocal fold submucosal mass. At seven months following treatment, the patient died unexpectedly of unknown causes. Case 2 was treated with radiation at 30 Gy in 15 fractions over the course of one month. Following completion of radiation therapy, she had improvement of her sore throat, nausea, dysphagia, dysgeusia, and dry mouth. At 21-month follow-up, she had no evidence of disease. Conclusion This case report demonstrates that MALT lymphoma can present with much more benign and subtle symptoms. This highlights the importance of clinicians to keep broad differentials and consider MALT lymphomas in the setting of laryngeal masses.
Parenteral Antibiotic Use Among Ambulatory Children in United States Children's Hospital Emergency Departments.

Background Despite increasing recognition of the importance of optimal antibiotic selection and expansion of antimicrobial stewardship activities to ambulatory settings, few studies have examined the frequency of parenteral antibiotic use among ambulatory children. We assessed the prevalence and patterns of parenteral antibiotic administration among ambulatory children in pediatric emergency departments (EDs). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional assessment of parenteral antibiotic use among ambulatory children aged 0-18 years in 49 US children's hospital EDs in 2018. We assessed the prevalence rates of parenteral antibiotic use and stratified these by patient-, clinic-, and hospital-level characteristics. We also assessed the prevalence of use of specific antibiotics by age and diagnosis category. Among encounters associated with an infection diagnosis, we identified factors associated with parenteral antibiotic use using multivariable logistic regression. Results Among 3 452 011 ambulatory ED encounters in 2018, parenteral antibiotics were administered in 62 648 (1.8%). The highest proportion of parenteral antibiotic use occurred in the 15-18-year age group (3.3%) and among encounters in children with complex chronic conditions (8.9%) and with primary diagnoses of neoplasms (36%). Ceftriaxone was the most commonly administered parenteral antibiotic (61%). In multivariable analysis, several factors including age ≤2 months, White race, private insurance, complex chronic conditions, digestive and genitourinary system diseases, and encounters attributed to emergency medicine providers were significantly associated with higher odds of parenteral antibiotic use. Conclusions This study demonstrates substantial variability in the frequency of parenteral antibiotic administration by age and diagnosis in the ambulatory ED setting and highlights potential opportunities to target stewardship activities.
Power system resilience through defender-attacker-defender models with uncertainty: an overview

Making a power system more operationally resilient to disruption is an important and hard problem. Modeling decisions must include careful consideration of the interaction between system defenders and potential disruptors, the complex operational nature of the system, and the availability and uncertainty of information. Multi-level optimization defender-attacker-defender models are a suitable choice here since they can express such considerations, quantify resilience, and output prescriptive decisions for reaching resilience. In this paper, we review such models employed by power systems applications, with the aim of demonstrating accessibility and applicability of various formulations. In particular, we highlight modeling choices and assumptions, algorithmic details, and where uncertainty is captured or can be injected within a model.
A simple, effective enclosure with disposable coverings for inexpensive containment of aerosolized COVID viruses during tracheal intubation and extubation

Structured Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory virus that can be transmitted through aerosol particles produced by coughing, talking, and breathing. Medical procedures used to treat severe cases such as tracheal intubation, extubation, and tracheal suctioning produce infectious aerosol particles. This presents significant risk for viral exposure of nearby healthcare workers during and following tracheal operations. This study looks at an enclosure to limit medical personnel’s exposure to these particles. Methods A low-cost plastic enclosure was designed to reduce aerosol spread and viral transmission during intubation and extubation procedures. The enclosure consists of clear polycarbonate for maximum visibility. Large side cutouts provide health care providers with ease of access to the patient. Aerosol particle instruments measured the aerosol containment efficacy after applying various types of plastic coverings to seal the side openings. The use of negative pressure was also tested. Results The enclosure with 2 layers of plastic coverings sealing the side openings reduced total escaped particle number concentrations (diameter > 0.01 μm) by over 93% at 3 inches away from all openings. Concentration decay experiments indicated that the enclosure without active suction should be left on the patient for 15-20 minutes following a tracheal manipulation to allow sufficient time for >90% of aerosol particles to settle upon interior surfaces. This decreases to 5 minutes when 30 LPM suction is applied. Conclusions This enclosure is an inexpensive, easily implemented additional layer of protection that can be used to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 aerosol transmission between patients and healthcare workers.
In-ear thermometer: wearable real-time core body temperature monitoring: poster abstract

Core body temperature is an important indicator of medical treatment. Sudden changes in core body temperature can be a precursor to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. These diseases have the potential to strike at any time, therefore, long-term monitoring of core body temperature and alerting to sudden changes in temperature become important. In this paper, we designed an in-ear thermometer to monitor the core body temperature with the help of smartphone.
Reassessing the public goods theory of alliances

The public goods theory of alliances exerts substantial influence on scholarship and policy, especially through its claim that small alliance participants free-ride on larger partners. Prior statis...
Host exposure history and priority effects impact the development and reproduction of a dominant parasite.

Abstract Within a single organism, numerous parasites often compete for space and resources. This competition, together with a parasite’s ability to locate and successfully establish in a host, can contribute to the distribution and prevalence of parasites. Coinfection with trematodes in snail intermediate hosts is rarely observed in nature, partly due to varying competitive abilities among parasite taxa. Using a freshwater snail host (Biomphalaria glabrata), we studied the ability of a competitively dominant trematode, Echinostoma caproni, to establish and reproduce in a host previously infected with a less competitive trematode species, Schistosoma mansoni. Snails were exposed to S. mansoni and co-exposed to E. caproni either simultaneously or 1 week, 4 weeks, or 6 weeks post S. mansoni exposure. Over the course of infection, we monitored the competitive success of the dominant trematode through infection prevalence, parasite development time, and parasite reproductive output. Infection prevalence of E. caproni did not differ among co-exposed groups or between co-exposed and single exposed groups. However, E. caproni infections in co-exposed hosts took longer to reach maturity when the timing between co-exposures increased. All co-exposed groups had higher E. caproni reproductive output than single exposures. We show that although timing of co-exposure affects the development time of parasite transmission stages, it is not important for successful establishment. Additionally, co-exposure, but not priority effects, increases the reproductive output of the dominant parasite.
Biofuel v fossil fuel economics in developing countries: How green is the pasture?

Abstract As relative fuel prices change, the attractiveness of biofuels and fossil fuels to different sectors of the economy alters significantly. Given the volatility of oil prices and the subsequent intense attention to biofuel technologies over the previous decade in developing countries, many questions still remain regarding actual financial and economic performance of these fuels. This paper explores sectoral differences between biofuel and fossil fuels with regard to production costs, economies of scale, subsidies, and other economic incentives in developing countries.
On the (non-)reusability of fuzzy sketches and extractors and security in the computational setting

Secure sketches and fuzzy extractors enable the use of biometric data in cryptographic applications by correcting errors in noisy biometric readings and producing cryptographic materials suitable for many applications. Such constructions work by producing a public sketch, which is later used to reproduce the original biometric and all derived information exactly from a noisy biometric reading. It has been previously shown that release of multiple sketches associated with a single biometric presents security problems for certain constructions. Through novel analysis we demonstrate that all other constructions in the literature are also prone to similar problems, which hinders their adoption in practice. To mitigate the problem, we propose for each user to store one short secret string for all possible uses of her biometric, and show that simple constructions in the computational setting have numerous security and usability advantages under standard hardness assumptions. Our constructions are generic in that they can be used with any existing secure sketch as a black box.
A systematic review of parent role modeling of healthy eating and physical activity for their young African American children

Purpose We systematically reviewed current literature on parent role modeling of healthy eating and physical activity as a strategy to influence healthy weight of middle school-age African American children. Conclusions The evidence for parent role modeling is low to average. Most studies did not target African American participants or middle school-age children. Practice Implications Nurses can begin to remedy deficient knowledge of parent role modeling by assessing parent attitudes, beliefs, and healthy behaviors, as well as the children's. Existing dietary and physical activity guidelines are not specific to African Americans but can be a starting point for educating parents.
DESIGN OF RADIATION CHEMICAL REACTORS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE

A general solution for optimum design of a radiaton chemical reaction vessel having an internal uniform triangular array of long, thin γ-ray sources is derived. The dependence of chemical productio...
El derecho administrativo y la legitimidad democrática: confrontando el poder ejecutivo y el estado contractual

La legislacion administrativa esta estrechamente relacionada con la politica y con la elaboracion de politicas. Sin embargo, los academicos del Derecho Administrativo parecen, a veces, estar alejados de la realidad economica y politica, ademas de la realidad cotidiana de la administracion publica. El proyecto actual de la autora intenta cubrir ese vacio y busca temas comunes en los cuales pueda desarrollarse una efectiva conversacion entre las perspectivas de la Ciencia Politica, la Administracion Publica, la Economia y el Derecho Publico. Este dialogo se centra especialmente en un topico que es bastante amplio: la relacion entre la elaboracion de politicas publicas y el Derecho Administrativo. Las agencias publicas hacen algo mas que implementar la ley en casos particulares; ellas tambien hacen politicas a traves de normas y orientaciones generales. La agenda de la reforma del Estado en las democracias ya consolidadas incluye reformas al Derecho Administrativo, como un camino para afirmar la legitimidad democratica y la capacidad de los gobiernos de rendir cuentas. En la medida que la democracia se va consolidando en America Latina, y en cualquier parte, el Estado necesita crear instituciones de participacion y vigilancia popular, instituciones que vayan mas alla de las elecciones y de la vigilancia legislativa. El Derecho Administrativo requiere moverse desde la postura que coloca el foco de atencion en la legalidad tecnica de las acciones del Estado hacia los principios que permitan profundizar la rendicion de cuentas en el ambito de la elaboracion de las politicas publicas. Poner el foco de atencion en los derechos individuales contra un Estado avasallador no resulta suficiente para hacer frente a las afirmaciones del poder ejecutivo en la elaboracion de las politicas o al control de entidades privadas que cumplen funciones publicas
Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language among the Western Apache.

Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language among the Western Apache.Keith H. Basso. Albuquerque University of New Mexico Press, 1996. 171 pp.
Juvenile thyrotoxicosis; results of treatment in 30 cases

Results of treatment are presented in 30 thyrotoxic children whose symptoms appeared prior to age 15 years. Fifteen patients received thyroid irradiation with or without stable iodine and 15 received prolonged treatment with antithyroid compounds, with or without stable iodine. Among the 24 patients in whom the final results of treatment could be fairly assessed, satisfactory remissions were obtained in 17 (70.8%). Approximately similar results were obtained in those who were irradiated and in those who received antithyroid compounds. Satisfactory remissions were obtained in 5 of the 6 patients subjected to thyroidectomy. Two cases of unusual interest are described. Reasons for the present conservative policy in the treatment of juvenile thyrotoxicosis are stated.
Studies in the history and development of thermogravimetry

The emergence of chemistry in Japan is briefly discussed, followed by a detailed description of the Honda thermobalance and the results obtained. The paper concludes with a short biography of Honda, together with a collection of photographs depicting Honda's private and professional life.
Health attitudes and suicidal ideation among university students

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study was to examine whether positive health attitudes are associated with suicidal ideation among university students after accounting for other health risk factors linked to suicidal ideation. Participants: Participants were 690 undergraduates from a large midwestern university during fall semester 2011. Methods: Participants reported demographics and health characteristics. Regression models compared individuals who reported suicidal ideation and those who did not. Results: In unadjusted models, suicidal ideation was significantly negatively associated with positive health attitudes, and positively associated with depression, drug use problems, sleep problems, and being overweight. In adjusted models, more positive health attitudes continued to be significantly negatively associated with suicidal ideation. Conclusions: This study suggests a link between positive health attitudes and lower probability of suicidal ideation. Additional research is needed to assess en...
The livermore 90-inch-cyclotron neutron-time-of-flight facility

Abstract The 90-inch cyclotron is a variable-frequency cyclotron operating at from 4 to 10 Mck. The standard neutron time-of-flight electronics are composed of a biased plastic scintillator for a detector, a time-reference signal derived from the cyclotron rf, a time-to-pulse-height converter, a slow amplifier and discriminator, and an Argonne-type 256-channel pulse-height analyzer. Although this basic system is extremely useful, several additions to the system have been found necessary. The replacement of the plastic scintillator with a stilbene crystal and the inclusion of a proton-electron differentiating circuit have reduced unwanted gamma ray background by a factor of 25. To increase the time between bursts of particles, electro-static sweeping is used. The analyzer data can be either printed out or punched on paper tape which is readily converted to punched cards or magnetic tape for computer-processing of data.
Why do people show minimal knowledge updating with task experience: inferential deficit or experimental artifact?

Students generally do not have highly accurate knowledge about strategy effectiveness for learning, such as that imagery is superior to rote repetition. During multiple study–test trials using both...
Trail-following pheromones of the rhinotermitidae: Approaches to their authentication and specificity

A method for determining the authenticity of subterranean termite trail pheromones is suggested and utilized to verify the presence of trail pheromones inReticulitermes virginicus, R. flavipes, andR. tibialis. In addition, a possible trail pheromone has been demonstrated forCoptotermes formosanus. A choice bioassay method shows that the above trail pheromones are species specific.
Melanoma cells which require cyclic amp for growth.

THE cyclic forms of AMP, GMP and CMP have been implicated as agents which either stimulate or inhibit cell division. Pastan et al. reviewed this topic1 and others have dealt with it2–6. Our studies of the growth of cultured melanoma cells have focused on the inhibitory effects of cyclic AMP7. We analysed variant cells that can grow in the presence of agents, such as melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), which increase the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP and inhibit the growth of wild-type cells. We describe here a class of variants which are not only resistant to the inhibition, but require cyclic AMP to grow at the rate normally observed in wild-type cells. In one such variant, division was markedly stimulated when either MSH, theophylline, isobutyl methyl xanthine, cholera toxin, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or dibutyryl cyclic AMP was added to the medium. Each agent inhibited the growth of wild-type cells. The cells were temperature-sensitive in that they expressed the variant phenotype at 37 °C, but behaved as the wild type at 40 °C. Studies of dose responses to dibutyryl cyclic AMP revealed that growth was also enhanced in the wild type by lower concentrations of the nucleotide (10−5 M), a fact that had gone unnoticed in melanoma cells but has been reported for other cell types1. These findings suggest a stimulatory as well as inhibitory role for cyclic AMP in control of growth of melanoma cells.
Distribution of gastric glands and gastritis: a topographic study by endoscopy

Using the Olympus GFB fibergastroscope, 284 biopsy specimens were obtained under direct vision from 129 patients. The biopsy site was recorded according to 24 endoscopically recognizable areas. Topographic plotting shows that pyloric gland mucosa occupies most of the distal two-thirds of the antrum and extends proximal to the gastroscopic angulus along the lesser curvature in one-third of instances. With significant frequency, in a given patient, gastritis occurred in one segment but not in another. The pyloric gland area was more apt to be inflamed.
The Relationship of Political Orientation to the Values of Freedom and Equality

Summary Rokeach (3) found that while liberal Democrats and conservative Republicans cluster at opposite ends of an equality value continuum, they both have high freedom values. Using Equality and Freedom value scales constructed specifically for this study, the writer found that conservative Republicans scored significantly below liberal Democrats on both the Equality and the Freedom value. The contradiction with Rokeach's findings is explained by the abstract nature of the value descriptors utilized by Rokeach. It is suggested that while conservative Republicans are strong proponents of freedom as an abstract ideal, their behavioral referents for this value are much more restricted than are those of liberal Democrats.
Large Abelian Subgroups of Groups of Prime Exponent

Abelian subgroups, particularly ‘‘large’’ abelian subgroups of p-groups, have played an important role in finite group theory. Let p be a prime and let P be a finite p-group. Suppose A is an elementary abelian subgroup of some order p in P. We ask whether P has a normal elementary abelian subgroup of order p. In general, the answer is no, for example, if n 2 and P is the dihedral group of order 16. More generally, Alperin has constructed a counterexample for each prime p Hup, p. 349 . However, there are situations in which the answer must be yes, e.g., AG, Theorems A and 5.8 if p is odd and p 4n 7, if P has nilpotence class at most p, Ž p . or if p 3 and P has exponent p x 1 for every x P . Since Alperin’s counterexamples have exponent greater than p, this leaves the question open if p 5 and P has exponent p. The purpose of this paper is to give counterexamples in these cases. Ž . As usual, define the rank m A of a finite abelian group to be the Ž . minimal number of generators of A, and the rank r P of a finite p-group P to be the maximum of the ranks of the abelian subgroups of P. We prove:
Synthesis of New Immunogens for Estrone and Estradiol-17β and Antisera Evaluation

Abstract Syntheses of the 6α-O-carboxymethyl ether derivatives of estrone and estradiol-17β and the preparation of their bovine serum albumin conjugates are described. The generation and evaluation of antisera produced from these conjugates is discussed.
Functional and dysfunctional impulsivity: personality and cognitive correlates.

The 3 studies reported here were designed to clarify the nature of the personality trait of impulsivity. Two types of impulsivity were distinguished. Dysfunctional impulsivity is the tendency to act with less forethought than most people of equal ability when this tendency is a source of difficulty; most previous work on impulsivity appears to have focused on this trait. Functional impulsivity, in contrast, is the tendency to act with relatively little forethought when such a style is optimal. The present work indicates that these two tendencies are not highly correlated and that they bear different relations both to other personality traits and to the manner in which certain basic cognitive processes are executed. Language: en
Consistent calculations for solids modeling

Algorithms for computer graphics or solids modeling must often infer the structure of geometrical objects from numerical data. Unavoidable errors (due to limited precision) affect the calculations from which these data are produced and may thus affect topological information so derived. Ambiguities or even contradictions may result from inferences made from an object's representation.To resolve these ambiguities for arbitrary polyhedral objects, we introduce a minimum feature size and a face thickness and show how to convert any object description into a form which insures topological immunity to numerical perturbations. The minimum feature size depends on the object's overall dimensions and on its placement in space. The face thickness depends on how well a face's vertices conform to its computed plane.
Structural studies on neonatal rat liver glycogen synthase: a comparison between adult and newborn synthase phosphopeptides.

Abstract Liver glycogen synthase has been isolated from newborn rats and phosphorylated in vitro with the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The isolated newborn synthase b is dependent upon Glc 6-P for activity, like adult synthase b , but has a high affinity toward Glc 6-P, unlike adult synthase b but like adult synthase a . Phosphorylation decreases the newborn synthase affinity toward Glc 6-P to the same value as adult synthase b . A comparison of adult and newborn synthase 32 P i -labeled trypsin and chymotrypsin peptide fragments by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that the newborn synthase has structural properties significantly different from the adult enzyme. Thus, a fetal isozyme of synthase in the newborn rat could account, in part, for the difference in catalytic properties, relative to adult synthase.
Residual layer thickness control and metrology in jet and flash imprint lithography

Jet-and-Flash Imprint Lithography (J-FIL) has demonstrated capability of high-resolution patterning at low costs. For accurate pattern transfer using J-FIL, it is necessary to have control of the residual layer thickness (RLT) of cured resist underneath features. Variation in RLT leads to critical dimension variation, thereby degrading device performance. Substrate nanotopography and feature density variation are two unavoidable sources of variation in RLT uniformity. The first part of this paper demonstrates the effect of these parameters on RLT variation. Through experiments and modeling, it has been observed that flatter wafers with lower nanotopography and thinner RLT lead to better RLT uniformity. However, for studying RLT variation, accurate metrology is critical. Currently, all metrology is done using destructive cross-section scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which may not be sufficient for process control. To this end, nondestructive optics-based methods, including the Through-focus Scanning Optical Microscopy (TSOM) method have been explored in this paper. Simulations reveal the potential to measure mean RLT, RLT variation, and uncertainty in feature dimension to an accuracy of 1 nm. Experimental validation and calibration are works in progress. Subsequent development of this technique can lead to a viable in-line metrology solution for RLT underneath features.
Safety of Outpatient Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma

Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (Auto-HCT) is commonly an in-patient procedure. However, Auto-HCT is increasingly being offered on an outpatient basis. To better characterize the safety of outpatient Auto-HCT, we compared the outcome of 230 patients who underwent Auto-HCT on an in-patient vs outpatient basis for myeloma or lymphoma within a single transplant program. All outpatient transplants occurred in a cancer center day hospital. Hematopoietic recovery occurred earlier in the outpatient cohort, with median time to neutrophil recovery of 10 vs 11 days (P<0.001) and median time to platelet recovery of 19 vs 20 days (P=0.053). Fifty-one percent of the outpatient cohort never required admission, with this percentage increasing in later years. Grade 3-4 non-hematologic toxicities occurred in 29% of both cohorts. Non-relapse mortality at 1 year was 0% in the outpatient cohort and 1.5% in the in-patient cohort (P=0.327). Two-year PFS was 62% for outpatient vs 54% for in-patient (P=0.155). One- and two-year OS was 97% and 83% for outpatient vs 91% and 80% for in-patient, respectively (P=0.271). We conclude that, with daily outpatient evaluation and aggressive supportive care, outpatient Auto-HCT can result in excellent outcomes for myeloma and lymphoma patients.
Statistical Associating Fluid Theory Equation of State with Lennard-Jones Reference Applied to Pure and Binary n-Alkane Systems

A prototype equation of state, developed on the basis of thermodynamic perturbation theory of the first order (TPT1), using the Lennard-Jones potential for the reference fluid, is found to represent pure-fluid and binary phase equilibria in the systems of small chain molecules, such as normal alkanes.
Stream Segregation and Peripheral Channeling

Two interleaved melodies, with theory tones alternating as ABAB..., can be individually followed and identified if auditory stream segregation takes place. Stream segregation can occur if the tone conditions are favorable, for example, if the tones of the different melodies are in different octaves. Using an interleaved melody identification task, we have measured the extent to which 12 different tone conditions lead to stream segregation. The purpose of the experiment is to discover whether stream segregation is mediated entirely by channeling that is established in the auditory periphery or whether more complicated principles of source grouping are at work. Peripheral channels are defined as either tonotopic (frequency based) or lateral (localized left or right). The data show that peripheral channeling is of paramount importance, suggesting that a set of rather simple rules can predict whether two interleaved melodies will be perceived as segregated or not. The data reveal a secondary effect of tone duration. Otherwise, in the absence of peripheral channeling, the experiments find little or no stream segregation, even in those cases where individual tones should clearly evoke images of different sources. Additional experiments show that interleaved melody identification is made more difficult by a transposition that maximizes the number of melodic crossings, even though the transposition may place the interleaved melodies in different keys. An appendix develops an elementary mathematics of melodic crossings and contacts.
A new biometric identity based encryption scheme secure against DoS attacks

Recently, Sarier 1 proposed an efficient biometric Identity Based Encryption (IBE) scheme called BIO-IBE using the Sakai Kasahara Key Construction and proved its security in the Random Oracle Model (ROM) based on the well-exploited k-BDHI computational problem. Despite its efficiency compared to other fuzzy IBE systems implemented for biometric identities, BIO-IBE is not secure against a new type of denial of service (DoS) attack that we present. In this context, we describe a new biometric IBE scheme and show that our scheme is immune against this attack due to the signature applied on the public value PAR of the user. This way, the sender can detect whether PAR of the receiver that is stored publicly is modified by an active adversary, thus the generation of a ciphertext based on a wrong identity is avoided. The main difference of the new scheme is the structure of the key generation algorithm, where a unique biometric identity string ID obtained from the biometric attributes is used instead of picking a different polynomial for each user as in other fuzzy IBE schemes. In addition to the well-defined security model for current fuzzy IBE schemes, we describe a stronger security model and prove the security of our scheme in this framework achieving a better reduction cost compared to BIO-IBE. Finally, our scheme provides security against DoS attacks and better efficiency in terms of the key generation and decryption algorithms compared to the existing fuzzy IBE schemes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implications of Organic Certification for Market Structure and Trade

Certification of organic products serves three functions. First, it assures consumers that a product that is not observably different from nonorganic food was grown, processed, and packaged according to rules that limit or ban synthetic inputs and that protect the environment. Second, it assures producers that unscrupulous use of the term organic does not defraud them of price premiums and market share that can be earned from certified foods.
Developed determination method of ultra trace elements and ultra trace element levels in plasma of rat fed low magnesium diet.

Background: Homeostatic mechanisms keep plasma mineral concentrations largely unchangeable, and are not always reflective of the nutritional status. For that reason, nutritional assessment is difficult and another biological index may be of value. Recently, improvement of measuring instruments has permitted more accurate measurement of trace and ultra trace elements.Methods: A new determination method for trace and ultra trace elements in rat plasma, that uses an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS Elan-6000, Perkin Elmer, Co., USA) without pre-treatment has enabled study of basic data of ultra trace element concentrations for the first time.Results: The effect of low magnesium (Mg) intake, as compared with the effect of a normal diet, status of 10 trace and ultra trace element status was studied in 12 young male Wistar rats (3-weeks-old), divided into two groups and fed a normal diet or low Mg diet for 4 weeks. The plasma was diluted with ultra pure water (TAMAPURE-AA: Tama Chemical Co.,...
Cytodifferentiation and vitellogenesis during oogenesis in arachnida: Cytological studies on developing oocytes of a harvestman.

Light and electron microscope studies were made on harvestman oocytes during the course of their origin, differentiation, and vitellogenesis. The germ cells appear to originate from the ovarian epithelium. They subsequently migrate to the outer surface of the epithelium, where they remain attached often by means of stalk cells which suspend them in the hemocoel during oogenesis. The "Balbiani bodies," "yolk nuclei," or "nuage" constitute a prominent feature of young, previtellogenic oocytes, and take the form of large, but variable sizes of electron-dense cytoplasmic aggregates with small fibrogranular components. The cytoplasmic aggregates fragment and disperse, and cannot be detected in vitellogenic oocytes. The young oocytes become surrounded by a vitelline envelope that appears to represent a secretory product of the oocyte. The previtellogenic oocytes are impermeable to horseradish peroxidase under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. In addition to mitochondria, dictyosomes, and abundant ribosomes, the ooplasm of the previtellogenic oocyte acquires both vesicular and lamellar forms of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. In many areas, a dense homogeneous product appears within the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and represents nascent yolk protein synthesized by the oocyte during early stages of vitellogenesis. Later in vitellogenesis, the oocyte becomes permeable to horseradish peroxidase under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. This change is associated with a massive process of micropinocytosis which is reflected in the presence of large numbers of vesicles of variable form and structure in the cortical ooplasm. Both spherical and tubular vesicles are present, as are coated and uncoated vesicles. Stages in the fusion of the vesicles with each other and with developing yolk platelets are illustrated. In the harvester oocytes, vitellogenesis is a process that involves both autosynthetic and heterosynthetic mechanisms.
Special session: An interactive exploration of Gender and engineering: Unpacking the experience

The engineering student experience is understood to differ for male and female students; gendered interactions affect the development of academic and professional role confidence, as well as engineering identity. The purpose of this session is twofold. First, we aim to introduce participants to concepts of gender schemas, privilege, and identity using a range of interactive activities, including brainstorming and structured discussion. Second, we intend to share information about and obtain feedback on a Gender Discussion Exploration Kit, which the participants will be encouraged to review, use, and share at their home institutions.
One-dimensional scatter-subtraction method for brachytherapy dose calculation near bounded heterogeneities

Neglect of tissue and applicator heterogeneities in brachytherapy treatment planning is due in part to lack of accurate, general, and fast three-dimensional (3D) dose-computation algorithms. A novel dose-calculation algorithm that accounts for the lateral dimensions and location of the heterogeneity as well as its thickness has been developed. For simple 2D, water-equivalent density heterogeneities, the algorithm is shown to be applicable to a wide range of photon energies and is 500-1000 times more efficient than Monte Carlo photon-transport calculations. The model is based upon reducing the bounded 2D heterogeneity problem to two 1D problems by dividing the scattering volume into two regions: A cone-shaped region that subtends the heterogeneity with its apex at the source and the complementary cone that contributes scatter dose by diffusion around the heterogeneity. The input data consist of precalculated scatter-to-primary ratios (SPRs) for collimated isotropic point sources. The central-axis "mini-beam" problem for a slab heterogeneity is solved by a simple 1D scatter integration model that accounts for both the thickness of the heterogeneity and its location relative to the point of interest. The scatter contribution arising outside the mini-beam is modeled as the difference in SPRs corrected for transmission through the heterogeneity. The algorithm agrees, on average, with sample Monte Carlo calculations within 1% to 7% for 125I, 192Ir, and 100 keV point sources along the axes of water-equivalent cylindrical heterogeneities (rho = 0-12.6 g/cm3, 3.6, and 24 mm diameters, and dose-perturbation factors of 0.44-1.33 relative to the homogeneous case). The potential of generalizing the scatter-subtraction approach to encompass 3D heterogeneities, those consisting of high-atomic number media, and those of irregular shape, is discussed.
Modulation of the gold particle-plasmon resonance by the metal-semiconductor transition of vanadium dioxide

We report experimental observations of relative blue-shifts in the particle?plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) covered with a vanadium dioxide (VO2) film as the VO2 material undergoes a semiconductor-to-metal transition at approximately 67??C. Although the extinction spectra of the Au NPs exhibit significant red-shifts in the presence of the surrounding VO2 film as compared to the same particles in air, the key result of this work is the dynamically controlled blue-shift of the Au-NP dipole resonance upon thermal switching of the VO2 overlayer from the semiconducting to the metallic state. We also report on the size and polarization dependence of the extinction spectra for both states, and present Mie theory calculations that confirm in a semi-quantitative way the observed trends in the VO2-induced modulation of the Au-NP plasmon resonance, and their origin in the VO2 dielectric function.
The numerical comparison of flow patterns and propulsive performances for the hydromedusae Sarsia tubulosa and Aequorea victoria.

SUMMARY The thrust-generating mechanism of a prolate hydromedusa Sarsia tubulosa and an oblate hydromedusa Aequorea victoria was investigated by solving the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in the swirl-free cylindrical coordinates. The calculations clearly show the vortex dynamics related to the thrust-generating mechanism, which is very important for understanding the underlying propulsion mechanism. The calculations for the prolate jetting hydromedusa S. tubulosa indicate the formation of a single starting vortex ring for each pulse cycle with a relatively high vortex formation number. However, the calculations for the oblate jet-paddling hydromedusa A. victoria indicate shedding of the opposite-signed vortex rings very close to each other and the formation of large induced velocities along the line of interaction as the vortices move away from the hydromedusa in the wake. In addition to this jet propulsion mechanism, the hydromedusa9s bell margin acts like a paddle and the highly flexible bell margin deforms in such a way that the low pressure leeward side of the bell margin has a projected area in the direction of motion. This thrust is particularly important during refilling of the subumbrella cavity where the stopping vortex causes significant pressure drag. The swimming performances based on our numerical simulations, such as swimming velocity, thrust, power requirement and efficiency, were computed and support the idea that jet propulsion is very effective for rapid body movement but is energetically costly and less efficient compared with the jet-paddling propulsion mechanism.
A Microcomputer Controllable Optical Pseudocolor Encoder For Medical Imaging

A prototype inexpensive analog microcomputer-based optical pseudocolor encoder has been developed for applications in diagnostic imaging. The system is capable of handling a large amount of information and has a high signal to noise ratio. It may be useful as a relatively economical means for transforming gray-scale images into color coded images. Pseudocoloring may be beneficial in achieving better diagnostic accuracy over gray-scale display because it has been shown to be able to increase the sensitivity of the observer to the display and it allows multi parameter presentation.
Electron Microscopy of Fixed Lipids

The electron microscope picture of OsO4-fixed and cross-sectioned bimolecular lipid layers in water shows two parallel dense bands separated by a light interspace. Evidence for the preservation of the lamellar structure during the fixation and embedding process has given earlier [6]. Apparently the dense bands are caused by osmium concentrated at the hydrophilic ends of the lipid molecules. This conclusions has been supported by several independent lines of evidence [3, 4]. Quantitative studies show that enough osmium is bound by isolated membrane lipids to account for the observed contrast. A phospholipid extract from brain shows a 74% increase in mass upon reaction with OsO4 [5]. The individual lipids after extensive purification give lower values: phosphatidylcholine, 34.8%; phosphatidylethanol-amine, 49.2%, phosphatidylserine, 46.5%: phosphoinositol, 23.9%; and cerebrosides, 26.0%. This may be due to preferential loss of the more highly unsaturated lipid molecules during purification, but this point merits further study.
Development and immunophenotyping of squamous cell carcinoma xenografts: Tools for translational immunology

Objectives/Hypothesis: The objectives of this study were to delineate methods for the development of primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN) xenografts and to define human leukocyte antigen (HLA), melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE)-A3, and human papilloma virus (HPV) 16 antigenic expression in resultant cellular products. Study Design: Prospective experimental model. Methods: Freshly isolated SCCHN xenografts were established in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice using a variety of methods. Resultant tumors were analyzed for expression patterns of HLA-A, MAGE-A3, and HPV 16. Appropriate controls were included to ensure the presence of human RNA. Results: Three xenografts were successfully established and passaged in vivo. Characterization of the resultant products revealed that one was positive for HLA-A2 at both the DNA and protein levels. One of the tumor lines expressed MAGE-A3, whereas none expressed HPV 16. Conclusions: Freshly isolated SCCHN can be used to generate primary xenografts. Characterization of select patterns of protein expression in established xenografts is a precursor to the development of a mouse model for SCCHN using tumor bearing animals reconstituted with autologous patient leukocytes.
Desire and ability: Hormones and the regulation of female sexual behavior

The distinction between the ability to copulate and the desire to copulate is used to understand species differences in hormonal regulation of female sexual behavior. Evidence is presented demonstrating that ovarian hormones modulate female sexual motivation in both rodent and primate females. The thesis is developed that rodent females differ from primate females primarily in their dependence upon hormones for the ability to mate. Thus, apparent differences between the two groups of females in the extent to which hormones control copulatory behavior does not stem from differences in hormonal regulation of female sexual motivation but from the physical ability of primate, but not rodent, females to mate without hormonal stimulation. This emancipation of the ability to copulate from hormonal influence makes female sexual motivation the primary regulator of mating in primates. Dependence upon female sexual motivation means that the copulatory behavior of primate females is easily influenced by their physical and social environment. Because primate females can mate without hormonal input, female sexual initiation, not copulation, is argued to be the only valid indicator of female sexual motivation.
Efficacy Of Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy: Past, Present And Future

The author outlines the history of brief dynamic psychotherapy, describes some of its characteristics, and addresses methodological requirements for assessing the efficacy of psychotherapy. Review of two major meta-analyses suggests that manual-based brief dynamic psychotherapy by trained therapists is likely to be as effective as other forms of psychotherapy and more effective than no treatment. More studies are needed that 1) compare brief dynamic psychotherapy with other forms of treatment for specific psychiatric disorders; 2) use theory-specific measures of outcome in addition to measures of symptoms; and 3) compare brief dynamic psychotherapy with long-term psychotherapy.
Teaching and Learning Medical Biochemistry: Perspectives from a Student and an Educator

Advancement of medicine and that of biochemistry are inseparable, and much of modern medicine would not be practiced in the ways, as they are known today, without our understanding of how genetic, pathogenic and environmental factors affect the human body at the biochemical level. Thus, the importance of teaching medical students biochemistry is self-evident. Ironically, many medical students and practicing physicians consider learning biochemistry an unnecessary burden and that biochemistry has very little relevance to their daily practice of medicine [1–3]. Also, many students, especially those interested in fields such as primary care or psychiatry, also complain that there is too much anatomy in the preclinical curricula [1]. Thus, it seems that these students would prefer to selectively learn subject matters that they believe to be relevant to the medical specialties that they wish to acquire and practice in. Such utilitarian thinking, we believe, is in part responsible for the trend in medical curriculum that devaluates basic science and emphasizes apprenticeship experiences with clinical faculty [4]. Why do these medical students consider it unnecessary to learn biochemistry? What can educators do to convince them that learning biochemistry is important in their education? We have tried to answer these questions from the perspectives of M.A. (Mehdi Afshar), a fourth year medical student, and Z.H. (Zhiyong Han), a medical biochemistry educator. Based on our own experiences, we have considered and discussed four factors that we think partly explain why some medical students have unfavorable opinions about biochemistry (Table 1). We hope that our discussions could stimulate similar discussions among medical students and biochemistry educators elsewhere. Table 1 Factors negatively affecting medical students’ interest in biochemistry