cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individual Portfolio Choice When Getting Sick: The Role of Insurance Coverage

The effect of a decline in health on individual portfolio choice and the influence of insurance holdings on such asset allocation has been unclear. Using data from working and retired individuals in the Survey of Income and Program Participation between 2001 and 2004, we find that insured individuals are more likely to divest from riskier asset classes after a decline in self-reported health, relative to uninsured cohorts, controlling for income, age, and out-of-pocket medical expenses. Consistent with a domain-general theory of risk, the relationship between poor health and increased aversion to riskier assets is strongest among couples and older households.
A Factor Analysis of Semantic Differential Ratings Across Scales

An exploratory study of the factorial structure of concepts in “semantic space”. A principal components analysis was performed on 80 concepts, using ratings across 20 semantic differential scales, and components rotated to simple structure. The analysis yielded 6 factors, which appear to represent independent dimensions of denotative meaning.
SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES IN TRANSFORMING NATIONAL-SECURITY SPACE

During the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, the U.S. military demonstrated how it is able to leverage its space capabilities to give allied military forces unprecedented advantages in the areas of precision bombing, strategic and tactical communications, navigation, and situational awareness on the battlefield. Building on those successes, the U.S. military is undertaking an ambitious effort to upgrade its space capabilities in all mission areas that will incorporate “transformational” capabilities, providing new levels of precision, agility and connectedness. This has made space systems development one of the most dynamic sectors in today’s aerospace business. To be successful, government and industry must (1) continue to apply the lessons learned from acquisition failures in the late 1990s, which resulted in the loss of multiple launch vehicles and satellites, and multibillion-dollar cost overruns that emerged earlier this decade on major space system development programs; (2) assure continued access to space as the new Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle systems replace heritage launch vehicles, and lay the groundwork for new generations of launch vehicles that will expand the future utility of space; and (3) maintain operations of current systems while transitioning to Internet-like, network-centric operations that will provide new levels of effectiveness.
The acute effect of alcohol on hepatic coenzyme A and acetyl CoA concentrations.

SummarySince prior studies of the effect of alcohol on hepatic coenzyme A (CoA) and acetyl-CoA concentrations have yielded conflicting data, this investigation aimed to assess in detail the acute effect of alcohol on the concentration of these substances in liver. Rats and mice were given various loads of alcohol and, at selected time intervals, hepatic CoA and Acetyl CoA concentrations were determined and correlated with blood alcohol levels.The present study clearly shows that alcohol given acutely does not alter significantly hepatic CoA content and results in a normal or somewhat increased acetyl-CoA concentration in the liver. Acetaldehyde likewise failed to influence significantly the hepatic CoA concentration. We conclude that the acute depressive effect of alcohol on the hepatic citric acid cycle is not exerted at the CoA-acetyl-CoA level.
Research on the SIR-Model-based Data Falsification Attacks of Wireless Cognitive Sensor Networks in Smart Grids

In order to solve the issues such as heterogeneous coexistence,spectrum scarcity,tremendous data processing and security guarantees,we introduce Wireless Cognitive Sensor Network(WCSN) into the smart grids.In this paper,we study the data falsification attacks to WCSN in smart grids,where intruders send false local spectrum sensing results and power consumption information resulting in incorrect spectrum allocation and power dispatching decisions by control centers.Based on the SIR model in epidemic theory,we model and analyze the information spreading process in data falsification attacks and identify key factors determining potential epidemic outbreaks in smart grids.In conclusion,through extensive simulations,we validate the feasibility of SIR model and perform investigations on the system dynamics.
Correlates of patient satisfaction with mental health services in a health maintenance organization.

To assess the level and determinants of patient satisfaction with prepaid mental health services, the authors surveyed 124 adult patients who five years earlier had been seen at least once by a mental health professional. Of the 44 percent who returned questionnaires, approximately one third reported satisfaction, one third dissatisfaction, and one third were unsure. Most patients sought help for chronic situational problems and tended to use the services repeatedly over time. Satisfaction was most strongly correlated with the patients’ perceptions of their rapport with the provider and slightly less so with their perceptions of the provider’s technical competence. Patient characteristics, diagnoses according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 3), and systems issues were of no predictive value. Patients who presented with symptomatic distress not clearly linked to circumstances were likely to be dissatisfied with treatment.
GeauxDock: Accelerating Structure-Based Virtual Screening with Heterogeneous Computing

Computational modeling of drug binding to proteins is an integral component of direct drug design. Particularly, structure-based virtual screening is often used to perform large-scale modeling of putative associations between small organic molecules and their pharmacologically relevant protein targets. Because of a large number of drug candidates to be evaluated, an accurate and fast docking engine is a critical element of virtual screening. Consequently, highly optimized docking codes are of paramount importance for the effectiveness of virtual screening methods. In this communication, we describe the implementation, tuning and performance characteristics of GeauxDock, a recently developed molecular docking program. GeauxDock is built upon the Monte Carlo algorithm and features a novel scoring function combining physics-based energy terms with statistical and knowledge-based potentials. Developed specifically for heterogeneous computing platforms, the current version of GeauxDock can be deployed on modern, multi-core Central Processing Units (CPUs) as well as massively parallel accelerators, Intel Xeon Phi and NVIDIA Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). First, we carried out a thorough performance tuning of the high-level framework and the docking kernel to produce a fast serial code, which was then ported to shared-memory multi-core CPUs yielding a near-ideal scaling. Further, using Xeon Phi gives 1.9× performance improvement over a dual 10-core Xeon CPU, whereas the best GPU accelerator, GeForce GTX 980, achieves a speedup as high as 3.5×. On that account, GeauxDock can take advantage of modern heterogeneous architectures to considerably accelerate structure-based virtual screening applications. GeauxDock is open-sourced and publicly available at www.brylinski.org/geauxdock and https://figshare.com/articles/geauxdock_tar_gz/3205249.
Legislative Effectiveness in the United States Congress: A Tale of Three Minorities

We were too limited to be all things to all black people in America . – Louis Stokes (D-OH), 2007 When Marjorie Holt entered Congress in 1973, she joined what seemed to be a permanent minority. The previous period of Republican control lasted only two years, and ended with the 1954 elections. Holt’s party would not return to the majority until 1995, long after she would leave the House. But, unlike many of her colleagues, she did not come to Congress to pad her resume and simply vote no against the Democratic agenda. Entering Congress at age fifty-two, she was interested in advancing policies and making a difference. Doing so would be a challenge . Holt came from Maryland’s heavily Democratic 4th district, which included Annapolis and parts of Anne Arundel County. Yet, rather than taking stands that were immediately popular with majorities back home, Holt staked out the conservative positions that she felt were right for the country and then tried to win over her constituents and congressional colleagues. She supported prayer in schools, opposed school busing for desegregation purposes, and advocated for constrained budget growth. In a strongly Democratic Congress, she described her first term as “swimming through the sharks.” But she supported Democratic initiatives when she could, partly in the hopes of building bipartisan support for her own proposals, proclaiming, “As they say in my state’s lottery, ‘You’ve got to play to win.’” Continuing her attempts to “win,” Holt stuck with her proposals, even upon initial failures .
Predicting CQ Development in the Context of Experiential Cross-Cultural Training: The Role of Social Dominance Orientation and the Propensity to Change Stereotypes

With increasing globalization and multicultural diversity comes a need for better understanding of the factors that predict cultural intelligence (CQ) development. Previous literature identifies cr...
Circuit Response of GaAs MMICs and Bias Networks to Ionizing Radiation Transients

Measurements indicate that radiation induced currents in GaAs MMIC microstrip circuitry are the principal cause of a transient upset in performance. Currents were observed at both Schottky and Ohmic contacts, while MIM structures remained insulating.
Short Communication: Potential Risk of Replication-Competent Virus in HIV-1 Env-Pseudotyped Virus Preparations.

Abstract Env-pseudotyped viruses are valuable reagents for studies of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies. It is often assumed that all pseudovirus particles are capable of only a single round of infection, making them a safe alternative to work with live HIV-1. In this study, we show that some Env-pseudotyped virus preparations give rise to low levels of replication-competent virus. These levels did not compromise results in the TZM-bl neutralization assay; however, their presence highlights a need to adhere to the same level of biosafety when working with Env-pseudotyped viruses that are required for work with replication competent HIV-1.
Miniature Endoscope for Multimodal Imaging

A single miniature endoscope capable of concurrently probing multiple contrast mechanisms of tissue in high resolution is highly attractive, as it makes it possible for providing complementary, more complete tissue information on internal organs hard to access. Here we describe such a miniature endoscope only 1 mm in diameter that integrates photoacoustic imaging (PAI), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ultrasound (US). The integration of PAI/OCT/US allows for high-resolution imaging of three tissue contrasts including optical absorption (PAI), optical scattering (OCT), and acoustic properties (US). We demonstrate the capabilities of this trimodal endoscope using mouse ear, human hand, and human arteries with atherosclerotic plaques. This 1-mm-diameter trimodal endoscope has the potential to be used for imaging of internal organs such as arteries, GI tracts, esophagus, and prostate in both humans and animals.
αSGT: A critical determinant of androgen receptor function in prostate cancer

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 5346 The maturation, activation and function of nuclear receptors depend upon their chaperone mediated folding. Here we report that a novel co-chaperone, small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat containing protein (αSGT), interacts with the androgen receptor (AR) to control both its subcellular localization and sensitivity of ligand-dependent activation in prostate cancer cells. Overexpression of αSGT sequesters AR in the cytoplasm in the absence of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), reducing basal cross-talk activation by more than 90%, as well as inhibiting the sensitivity of ligand-dependent nuclear translocation and activation. In contrast knock-down of αSGT increased AR sensitivity to DHT. In clinical prostate cancer samples, quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of AR and αSGT immunoreactivity revealed that a decrease in the ratio of AR:αSGT was associated with an increase in the relative amount of cytoplasmic compared to nuclear AR. Moreover, there was a net increase in the ratio of AR:αSGT in metastatic prostate cancer samples [2.08(+0.36), n=64] compared to primary tumors [0.99(+0.12), n=32; p=0.003], which may in part explain the increase in sensitivity of AR signaling associated with the failure of androgen ablation therapies and the development of a castrate-resistant phenotype. We propose that αSGT is a critical AR co-chaperone regulating androgen signaling, and that perturbation of the AR:αSGT ratio alters the capacity of ligand to activate the AR and stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells.
A candidate serum biomarker for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis.

Reliable diagnostic markers for Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis (IC) currently are not available. This study evaluated the feasibility of diagnosing IC in humans and domestic cats from the spectra of dried serum films (DSFs) using infrared microspectroscopy. Spectra were obtained from films from 29 humans and 34 domestic cats to create classification models using Soft Independent Modeling by Class Analogy (SIMCA). Ultrafiltration of serum improved discrimination capability. The classification models for both species successfully classified spectra based on condition (healthy/sick), and a different set of masked spectra correctly predicted the condition of 100% of the subjects. Classification required information from the 1500–1800 cm−1 spectral region to discriminate between subjects with IC, other disorders, and healthy subjects. Analysis of cat samples using liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy revealed differences in the concentration of tryptophan and its metabolites between healthy and affected cats. These results demonstrate the potential utility of infrared microspectroscopy to diagnose IC in both humans and cats.
Fatigue crack initiation and fatigue life of metals exposed to hydrogen

Abstract: Design against fatigue failure often relies on the use of strain– or stress–life fatigue curves for determining safe operating conditions. Fatigue lives of engineering materials and components can be reduced when they are exposed to gaseous hydrogen, although, much of the decreased life may be attributed to enhanced stage II fatigue crack growth. The effects of hydrogen on fatigue crack initiation and stage I fatigue crack growth seem to be less damaging, but currently there is no clear understanding of the role of hydrogen in these processes. This chapter summarizes the existing literature on total-life fatigue testing, fatigue crack initiation, and early fatigue crack growth of metallic materials exposed to hydrogen. Through dissection of the existing literature we address key questions regarding fatigue crack initiation, e.g., the apparent role of a critical hydrogen concentration in fatigue crack initiation, the effects of micro-notches in reducing crack initiation lives, and the effects of hydrogen on slip localization and early formation of persistent slip bands. These observations are expected to help direct future research toward understanding this phenomenon.
Everyday life information seeking: sex-based associations with where men and women receive information about sexual violence

Sexual violence remains a critical health concern, especially on college campuses. Men and women are susceptible to victimization; however, there is little research that explores the places in whic...
“Enablement” in Target Cities

This chapter focuses on the analysis and synthesis or aggregation of the “enabling” categories and linking them in this research. The people- vs. place-based dichotomy of physical upgrading resulted in ten themes including enablement , physical upgrading , regularization , service delivery , capacity building , integration, leadership and governance, formalization , asset building , and trust building , and further reduced to only three categories (models, policies/processes, and outcomes) for cognitive economy reasons. While models represent common trends practiced by international organizations such as the IMF, the World Bank or the UN-HABITAT, policies, and processes focus on strategies pertaining to the adopted models. For example, certain policies toward informal settlements consider them as nuisances and hence, non-tolerant of their existence, while others such as benign neglect are more flexible and forgiving. Outcomes, on the other hand, illustrate the end results of the physical upgrading initiative in the five Iranian target cities. These outcomes adaptation, legalization/formalization, and integration capture the physical or spatial, and cultural, or social characteristics of the enabling process in those cities. Furthermore, each theme is grounded in the data collected, analyzed, and synthesized from the target cities.
SPIRITUAL ECOLOGY IN ART EDUCATION: A RE-VISION OF MEANING

in the preface of Howard McConeghey’s Art and Soul (2003) that “art education has yet to discover the heart of its work” (p. iii). His words hint at unrest, at a troubled identity within a discipline, while also implying hope in the single word yet. This small but mighty word is a reminder that art education has not arrived, without extinguishing the promise of reaching such a goal. What I perceive as hopeful in Moore’s statement has led me to consider just what art education has yet to discover that might unify, strengthen, and in short, put the heart into the many “visions and versions” (Eisner, 2002, p. 25) that coexist in the discipline today. While it is not my intention here to excavate the rich ideologies of art education’s history in pursuit of this elusive heart, it does seem useful to mention recent stances in the discipline which might suggest we have almost discovered the heart of our work, but not yet. In the recent past, art education studies have often been shaped by a social reconstructionist ideology that encouraged educators to make art meaningful for people from all socioeconomic strata and many cultures (Erickson & Young, 2002; McFee, 1998), to understand the multiple contexts for creating art (Krug, 2002; Neperud, 1995), and to invite deep engagement with the process of culturally responsive pedagogy for the diversities which exist in the classroom, the community, and the world (Wasson, Stuhr, & Petrovich-Mwaniki, 1990). It seems that these relatively recent visions of the discipline embrace what lies beyond previous versions of art education as self-expression, or mastery of technical skills. Within each of these theories, there is evidence of a responsive, caring consciousness; and yet, as the distinctions between cultures have increasingly become either sites of great contention, or homogenized beyond recognition, these approaches raise the specter once again: what, if anything, will mesh these, or any other vision of art education with any sustainability? What are the discoveries that art education must make in order to “find the heart of its work,” as Moore noted?
Effects of L1 orthographic representation on L2 phonological coding strategies

The study investigated L1 orthographic impact on cognitive processing involved in L2 reading. In a cross-linguistic experiment with four orthographically diverse groups (Arabic, English, Japanese, and Spanish), the effects of two types of phonological encoding interference (phonological similarity and unpronounceability) on short-term memory recall performance in English were compared. Data demonstrate that (a) STM recall performance of all four groups was seriously impaired when phonological encoding interference was present, (b) the two types of interference had differential effects on STM performance between phonographic (Arabic, English, and Spanish) and morphographic (Japanese) readers, and (c) phonological coding strategies used in L1 and L2 are consistent. These results seem to indicate, first, that a phonological code is dominantly used in the STM encoding process regardless of the language background: second, that different phonological coding strategies are used among subjects with contrasting orthographic backgrounds; and, third, that strategies used in L1 processing are transferred to L2 processing. Hence, the findings of the study suggest that there is a strong relationship between orthography and cognition.
Adsorption of Ionic Solutes at Solid-Solution Interfaces

Several models formulated by past researchers to describe the adsorption of ionic solutes at solid-solution interfaces are presented. Also included is the development of a model that establishes a relationship between the surface charge density and the surface electrical potential, inside the porous structure of an adsorbent.
Two Particle Scattering and Orthogonality Catastrophy in the Hubbard Model

The wavefunction of two fermions subject to a repulsive Hubbard interaction in the presence of a Fermi sea is evaluated in detail. As first shown by Anderson, in some cases the wavefunction may be affected by scattering even if both particles are situated on the Fermi surface. A direct signal for an orthogonality catastrophy produced by interactions of an extra particle with the rest of the system is however found only in one dimension. Nevertheless, the structure of the interacting two-particle wavefunction suggests the possibitiy of new non-perturbative phenomena in the 2D Hubbard model.
State-Sponsored Retirement Savings Plans: New Approaches to Boost Retirement Plan Coverage

This paper describes and evaluates models and features used in emerging state-sponsored retirement saving plans such as Auto IRAs, open Multiple Employer Plans and Marketplaces. These plans have enormous potential to raise the number of Americans with access to payroll deduction retirement saving plans. We believe that plans that boost coverage most will feature two characteristics: required provision of retirement saving plans by firms and automatic enrollment of eligible workers. However, we also note that under current legal and regulatory conditions, Secure Choice is the only model that enables states to require that employers provide a plan.
Off-grid solar thermal water heating system using phase-change materials: design, integration and real environment investigation

Abstract A solar thermal water heating system using a custom-built latent heat storage tank with paraffin wax, puretemp68 and stearic acid/palmitic acid eutectic mixture based phase-change materials was designed, developed and its performance evaluated in real-time. The fully autonomous off-grid solar thermal water heating system was packaged by integrating solar thermal collector, phase change material tank, photovoltaic modules, operational controller, circulation pumps and battery, along with a data logger. A water-glycol with anti-freeze characteristics with efficient energy storage in cold weather was employed as heat transfer fluid for solar thermal energy harvesting for charging and discharging of phase change materials to heat the water tank. Solar charge-discharge and water charging results with phase change materials during May to October 2018 (Mesa, AZ 85212, USA) showed that the stearic acid/palmitic acid eutectic mixture outperformed the paraffin wax and exhibited comparable performance with puretemp68 storage system. The efficiency of water charging from stearic acid/palmitic acid (55%) is higher compared to that from paraffin wax (20%) and better than puretemp68 (45%). Even though, the paraffin wax melts quickly during charging, it exhibited super-cooling behavior during discharging, leading to incomplete discharge. The storage energy density of stearic acid/palmitic acid (∼0.48 MJ kg−1) is comparable to puretemp68 with uniform thermal energy distribution inside the storage container due to higher thermal conductivity and lower melting point. The solar thermal water heating system demonstration proved that the domestic hot water system using stearic acid/palmitic acid could be a practical solution for effectively harvesting solar thermal energy for rural areas.
Manipulating the Mechanical Response of Hydrophobically Cross-Linked Hydrogels with Ionic Associations

To prevent brittle failure, tough hydrogels rely on energy dissipation, which can be manifested through sacrificial covalent bonds or reversible, noncovalent cross-links. However, these noncovalent...
Initial experience with extraperitoneal robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy using the da Vinci SP surgical system

Robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP) has emerged as a safe and effective treatment option for symptomatic patients with lower urinary tract symptoms related to significant benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) above 80 g. The recent release of the da Vinci SP robotic system (Intuitive, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) continues to advance the minimally invasive nature of robotic surgical technology. We now report our institution’s initial experience performing RASP using the da Vinci SP robotic system. An IRB-approved, retrospective chart review was performed of all patients undergoing robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy using the da Vinci SP surgical system in the treatment of benign prostatic enlargement by a single surgeon from March to June 2019. Pre-operative, intraoperative, and post-operative data were collected for descriptive analysis. A total of 10 men, mean age of 69 ± 4 years, with mean prostate volume of 104 ± 11 g underwent surgery. The robotic cannula and a single assistant port were utilized in all cases. No cases required conversion to a multi-port robotic platform or open approach, nor required the placement of additional assistant ports. No intraoperative or immediate post-operative complications were noted. Mean estimated blood loss was 141 ± 98 mL and operative time was 172 ± 19 min. Mean catheter time was 1.9 ± 1.8 days. One patient reported transient de novo stress urinary incontinence. Single-port RASP is a safe and effective intervention for BPE. The smaller surgical footprint from the device appears to make earlier catheter removal possible. Comparative evaluation with multi-port RASP and other modalities is warranted.
Longstanding Sources of Instability: The Current Deficits of the Economic Union

This chapter will identify the main deficits, which are preventing the economic governance from fully achieving the objective of the stability of the euro area as a whole. These are essentially three. First, the limits of the existing legal basis have been the cause of the legal incoherence of the reforms, as well as the wide use of intergovernmental agreements beyond EU law (so called ‘flight into international law’). Second, the reforms introduced to fulfil consolidation and stabilisation policies in the euro area have proven to be substantially ineffective, meaning unable to contribute to the cause of stability. This depends on the scarce credibility of economic sanctions and legal prohibitions, as well as the wide political discretion of the peer-review surveillance on national economic policies. Finally, the democratic deficit has prevented the governance from fully taking into consideration the requests and interests of the people affected by its policies.
PHQ-9 and SNOT-22: Elucidating the Prevalence of Depression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis:

ObjectiveChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been associated with comorbid depression, yet the prevalence of depression among all patients with CRS is not well described. The Patient Health Questionna...
Synthesis of glycoimmunogen Tn-Thr-PS A1 via hydrazone bond and stability optimization of PS A1 monosaccharide mimics under vaccine development conditions.

Previously, our group constructed several immunogens utilizing oxime linkage to conjugate a T-cell stimulatory zwitterionic polysaccharide PS A1 and tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) i...
Multi-Talker Speech Promotes Greater Knowledge-Based Spoken Mandarin Word Recognition in First and Second Language Listeners

Spoken word recognition involves a perceptual tradeoff between the reliance on the incoming acoustic signal and knowledge about likely sound categories and their co-occurrences as words. This study examined how adult second language (L2) learners navigate between acoustic-based and knowledge-based spoken word recognition when listening to highly variable, multi-talker truncated speech, and whether this perceptual tradeoff changes as L2 listeners gradually become more proficient in their L2 after multiple months of structured classroom learning. First language (L1) Mandarin Chinese listeners and L1 English-L2 Mandarin adult listeners took part in a gating experiment. The L2 listeners were tested twice—once at the start of their intermediate/advanced L2 language class and again two months later. L1 listeners were only tested once. Participants were asked to identify syllable-tone words that varied in syllable token frequency (high/low according to a spoken word corpus) and syllable-conditioned tonal probability (most probable/least probable in speech given the syllable). The stimuli were recorded by 16 different talkers and presented at eight gates ranging from onset-only (gate 1) through onset+40 ms increments (gates 2 through 7) to the full word (gate 8). Mixed-effects regression modeling was used to compare performance to our previous study which used single-talker stimuli (Wiener, Lee, & Tao, 2019). The results indicated that multi-talker speech caused both L1 and L2 listeners to rely greater on knowledge-based processing of tone. L1 listeners were able to draw on distributional knowledge of syllable-tone probabilities in early gates and switch to predominantly acoustic-based processing when more of the signal was available. In contrast, L2 listeners, with their limited experience with talker range normalization, were less able to effectively transition from probability-based to acoustic-based processing. Moreover, for the L2 listeners, the reliance on such distributional information for spoken word recognition appeared to be conditioned by the nature of the acoustic signal. Single-talker speech did not result in the same pattern of probability-based tone processing, suggesting that knowledge-based processing of L2 speech may only occur under certain acoustic conditions, such as multi-talker speech.
Composite Synoptic-Scale Environments Conducive to North American Polar–Subtropical Jet Superposition Events

AbstractA polar–subtropical jet superposition represents a dynamical and thermodynamic environment conducive to the production of high-impact weather. Prior work indicates that the synoptic-scale e...
A Nickel-Doped Dehydrobenzoannulene-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for the Reductive Cleavage of Inert Aryl C–S Bonds

The development of metalated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is useful for generating recyclable catalytic systems for practical applications. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, ...
Invited) Progress in Using Carbon Nanotube Spectra for Mechanical Strain Sensing

A characteristic property of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is distinct near-infrared photoluminescence following excitation by visible light. Theory and experiment show that these optical emission peaks shift predictably in wavelength as nanotubes are compressed or stretched along their axis. We are exploiting this effect in a powerful new method intended for measuring mechanical strain in critical infrastructure components such as airframes, pressurized vessels, pipelines, support beams, etc. The method involves applying a dilute dispersion of nanotubes in a polymeric host onto the surface of the specimen to form a sub-micron thick film in which SWCNTs act as strain sensors. This layer is overcoated with a transparent protective top coat such as a polyurethane varnish. Subsequent strains in the substrate are transmitted to the nanotubes by load transfer. The substrate strain magnitude and direction are then measured by illuminating the surface at any point of interest with a small visible laser beam and spectrally analyzing the resulting near-IR nanotube emission. Single-point measurements currently provide strain magnitude resolution of ca. 50 microstrain, strain angle resolution of ca. 5 degrees, and spatial resolution of ca. 50 mm. Each reading takes less than one second, allowing compilation of strain maps from scanned data. Unlike digital image correlation, which is currently the only commercial non-contact strain technology, the new method can measure strains accumulated when the specimen is not under observation. It thus has the potential for routine use in industrial structural health monitoring as well as in testing and development laboratories. Results will be presented showing strain measurements in metallic, plastic, and concrete specimens. We will also describe recent progress in adapting the technology to camera-based measurements using spectrally resolved fluorescence imaging.
Membrane-Bound Enzymes

Converging lines of inquiry in various areas of biochemistry have provided unequivocal evidence for the close, if not indivisible, relationship between structure and function. This is perhaps nowhere more striking—yet elusive—than in the case of membrane-bound enzymes. In this chapter we shall explore the relationship of enzymes to membrane structural elements in order to attempt to arrive at an understanding of the relationship of these membrane-bound enzymes to the extraordinarily complex chemistry that goes on within the cell.
Revisiting Rate versus Rhythm Control in Atrial Fibrillation — Timing Matters

Revisiting Rate vs. Rhythm Control in Atrial Fibrillation Bunch and Steinberg comment on the findings of EAST-AFNET 4, an international randomized trial comparing early rhythm control with usual ca...
Jihadism Transformed: Al Qaeda and the Islamic State’s Global Battle of Ideas

This book provides very useful overviews by a number of authorities on the struggle between the world’s two leading terrorist organizations for leadership of the global jihad. The essays cover nume...
Environmental Screening for Surface SARS-CoV-2 Contamination in Urban High-Touch Areas

The novel human coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 outbreak, which reached pandemic-level infection rates in just a few short months after being identified in late 2019. Early transmission models focused on surface contamination, but current research provides evidence for person-to-person transmission via aerosolized viral particles. As such, the CDCs guidance has recently been updated to increasingly redirect the focus of prevention methods to aerosol routes. Inhalation of SARS-CoV-2 particles presents the most significant threat of infection to individuals. A secondary route, from hand to mouth, eyes or nose, is likely after contact with a surface contaminated with particles that have settled out of aerosols or been deposited by contaminated hands. Using common molecular detection methods including endpoint and quantitative PCR, we investigated whether there is detectable contamination by SARS-CoV-2 on high-touch surfaces on public transit vehicles and on other high-touch surfaces on a college campus during normal use. Our results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can be successfully recovered and detected on common high-touch surfaces, albeit in comparatively lower frequencies as public health guidance progressed and more rigorous sanitization procedures were implemented. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=132 SRC="FIGDIR/small/21256107v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (27K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c980d3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1289f19org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e547d5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cef606_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG Graphical abstract created with permission from BioRender.com (2021).
Expectation maximization based framework for joint localization and parameter estimation in single particle tracking from segmented images

Single Particle Tracking (SPT) is a well known class of tools for studying the dynamics of biological macromolecules moving inside living cells. In this paper, we focus on the problem of localization and parameter estimation given a sequence of segmented images. In the standard paradigm, the location of the emitter inside each frame of a sequence of camera images is estimated using, for example, Gaussian fitting (GF), and these locations are linked to provide an estimate of the trajectory. Trajectories are then analyzed by using Mean Square Displacement (MSD) or Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) techniques to determine motion parameters such as diffusion coefficients. However, the problems of localization and parameter estimation are clearly coupled. Motivated by this, we have created an Expectation Maximization (EM) based framework for simultaneous localization and parameter estimation. We demonstrate this framework through two representative methods, namely, Sequential Monte Carlo combined with Expectation Maximization (SMC-EM) and Unscented Kalman Filter combined with Expectation Maximization (U-EM). Using diffusion in two-dimensions as a prototypical example, we conduct quantitative investigations on localization and parameter estimation performance across a wide range of signal to background ratios and diffusion coefficients and compare our methods to the standard techniques based on GF-MSD/MLE. To demonstrate the flexibility of the EM based framework, we do comparisons using two different camera models, an ideal camera with Poisson distributed shot noise but no readout noise, and a camera with both shot noise and the pixel-dependent readout noise that is common to scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) camera. Our results indicate our EM based methods outperform the standard techniques, especially at low signal levels. While U-EM and SMC-EM have similar accuracy, U-EM is significantly more computationally efficient, though the use of the Unscented Kalman Filter limits U-EM to lower diffusion rates.
To grandmother's house you go: A cross-lagged test of the association between grandchild care and work-family conflict

Abstract This study examines the association between grandchild care—a prevalent form of family support in which a grandparent provides non-custodial care to their grandchildren—and parents' work-family conflict. Drawing from the work-family and intergenerational support literatures, we propose a bidirectional association between grandchild care and parents' work-family conflict and examine parent-grandparent conflict regarding caregiving as a boundary condition. Participants included 347 working parents whose own parents provided grandchild care. Results from a cross-lagged panel model indicated that grandchild care at Time 1 was associated with lower levels of time- and strain-based family-interference-with-work (FIW) one year later. By contrast, Time 1 grandchild care was not associated with Time 2 work-interference-with-family. Contrary to predictions, Time 1 work-family conflict did not predict grandchild care at Time 2. However, caregiving conflict moderated the association between both time- and strain-based FIW at Time 2 and grandchild care at Time 2, such that there was a negative association when caregiving conflict was at average or above-average levels. Interestingly, caregiving conflict at Time 1 was associated with higher levels of FIW at Time 2, and supplemental analyses indicated that both grandchild care and WIF at Time 1 predicted higher levels of caregiving conflict at Time 2. These results support the proposition that family support may reduce FIW and suggest that grandchild care can be a mixed blessing for employees' work-family conflict.
Genome-wide polygenic risk score method for diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is considered partially hereditary, but the genetic factors underlying disease remain largely unknown. A key barrier to our understanding stems from its heterogeneity, and likely polygenic etiology. Proteinuric and non-proteinuric DKD are two sub-classes of DKD, defined by high urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and low creatinine estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci associated with eGFR and UACR. We aimed to combine summary statistics from previous GWASs for eGFR and UACR in one prediction model and associate it with DKD prevalence. We then tested this using genetic data from 18,841 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in UK Biobank. We computed two genome-wide polygenic risk scores (GPS) aggregating effects of common variants associated with the two measurements, eGFR and UACR. We show that including both GPS in a single model confers significant improvement in comparison with the single GPS model generated from GWAS summary statistics for DKD. We also find in replication analysis in 5,389 individuals in the multi-ethnic BioMe Biobank, that although the combined model had consistent direction of association, the lowest performance was in individuals with recent African ancestry. In summary, we show that joint modeling of polygenic associations of eGFR and UACR is more significantly associated with DKD than individual modeling as well as a GPS comprised of only DKD summary statistics and may be used to gain insights into biology and progression. However, efforts should be made to develop and validate polygenic approaches in diverse populations.
The Effect of Workplace Relationship toward Job Satisfaction of Divine Word Colleges’ Employees in Region I, Philippines

The study was conducted to determine workplace relationship between employer and employees and among employees of Divine Word Colleges in Ilocos Sur, Philippines and its effect on the job satisfaction. Literatures and studies were reviewed, and questionnaires were used to gather the data related to workplace relationship and job satisfaction. The respondents of the study are employees of the colleges of Ilocos region which include Ilocos Sur and Ilocos Norte. The study is a descriptive study involving survey and fact-finding inquiry. Weighted mean and Pearson r were used to determine the workplace relationship and its correlation with job satisfaction. The study found that there is a significant correlation between workplace relationship and job satisfaction. Therefore, the study recommends that management need to monitor and improve workplace relationship between employer and employees and among employees and also improve and monitor factors that affect job satisfaction.
The posttraumatic self : restoring meaning and wholeness to personality

Series Editor's Foreword. Wilson, Introduction and Overview: A Positive Psychology of Trauma and PTSD. Wilson, The Posttraumatic Self. Wilson, Trauma and the Epigenesis of Identity. Nader, Childhood Trauma: The Deeper Wound. Wilson, Trauma Archetypes and Trauma Complexes. Wilson, Trauma, Optimal Experiences and Integrative Psychological States. Hall, Wilson, Trauma and Alterations in Normal Personality. Lindy, Mutative Transference and the Restoration on the Posttraumatic Self. Drozdek, Turkovic, Wilson, Posttraumatic Shame and Guilt: Culture and the Posttraumatic Self. Wilson, Agaibi, The Resilient Trauma Survivor. Wilson, Trauma and Transformation of the Self: Restoring Meaning and Wholeness to Personality. Wilson, Transformational Principles: Healing and Recovery From Psychic Trauma.
Anginal pain referred to the teeth. Report of a case.

Abstract A case is reported in which initial anginal pain was localized to the area of the left posterior teeth. Subsequently, the patient reported that at certain times he experienced pain in the area of the left posterior teeth with concomitant chest pain while at other times the pain was confined to the teeth.
Ion Motive ATPases: P‐type ATPases

Regulation of ions such as calcium, sodium and potassium ions is very important for cell life. One of ion-regulating enzymes is classified as ion motive adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Ion motive ATPases exchange two different ions across the membrane at the expense of ATP energy. The Ca2+-ATPase transports Ca ion in exchange for H ion; the Na+/K+ or H+/K+ ATPase transports Na ion or hydronium ion from the cytoplasmic region to the exocytoplasmic region with the exchange of K ion from the exoplasmic domain to the cytoplasmic domain. The Ca2+-ATPase has single catalytic subunit. The Na+/K+ and H+/K+ ATPases consist of two subunits α and β. The α subunit is the catalytic subunit, having 10 transmembrane domains. The β subunit is a glycosylated protein. Key concepts Ion motive ATPases P-type ATPase transport ions across the membrane Regulating ion concentrations. Keywords: pumps; ATPase; P-type
Optimizing megakaryocyte polyploidization by targeting multiple pathways of cytokinesis

BACKGROUND: Large-scale in vitro production of platelets (PLTs) from cord blood stem cells is one goal of stem cell research. One step toward this goal will be to produce polyploid megakaryocytes capable of releasing high numbers of PLTs. Megakaryocyte polyploidization requires distinct cytoskeletal and cellular mechanisms, including actin polymerization, myosin activation, microtubule formation, and increased DNA production. In this study we variably combined inhibition of these principal mechanisms of cytokinesis with the goal of driving polyploidization in megakaryocytes. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Megakaryocytes were derived from umbilical cord blood and cultured with reagents that inhibit distinct mechanisms of cytokinesis: Rho-Rock inhibitor (RRI), Src inhibitor (SI), nicotinamide (NIC), aurora B inhibitor (ABI), and myosin light chain kinase inhibitor (MLCKI). Combinations of reagents were used to determine their interactions and to maximize megakaryocyte ploidy. RESULTS: Treatment with RRI, NIC, SI, and ABI, but not with MLCKI, increased the final ploidy and RRI was the most effective single reagent. RRI and MLCKI, both inhibitors of MLC activation, resulted in opposite ploidy outcomes. Combinations of reagents also increased ploidy and the use of NIC, SI, and ABI was as effective as RRI alone. Addition of MLCKI to NIC, SI, and ABI reached the highest level of polyploidization. CONCLUSION: Megakaryocyte polyploidization results from modulation of a combination of distinct cytokinesis pathways. Reagents targeting distinct cytoskeletal pathways produced additive effects in final megakaryocyte ploidy. The RRI, however, showed no additive effect but produced a high final ploidy due to overlapping inhibition of multiple cytokinesis pathways.
Computational Aspects of Optimal Recovery.

This paper offers a Fortran program for the calculation of the optimal recovery scheme of Micchelli, Rivlin and Winograd [15]. A short derivation of that recovery scheme is given first, in order to make the paper selfcontained and also to provide an alternative to the original derivation in [15]. For the latter reason, a derivation of the related envelope construction of Gaffney and Powell [8] is also given. From a computational point of view, these schemes are special cases of the following computational problem: to construct an extension with prescribed norm of a linear functional on some finite dimensional linear subspace to all of IL1[a,b].