cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Value of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Subpopulations in Predicting Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in the Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial

Objective— To test the hypothesis whether determination of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulations provides more power to predict recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, and stroke) than traditional risk factors in the Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT). Methods and Results— Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)–containing HDL subpopulations were quantitatively determined by nondenaturing 2D gel electrophoresis. Hazard ratios of recurrent CVD events were calculated by comparing VA-HIT subjects with (n=398) and without (n=1097) such events. Subjects with new CVD events had significantly lower HDL-C, apoA-I, and large cholesterol-rich HDL particle (α-1, α-2, pre–α-1, and pre–α-2) levels, significantly higher triglyceride, and small poorly lipidated HDL particle (pre–β-1 and α-3) levels than subjects without such events. Multivariate analyses indicated that α-1 and α-2 particle levels were significant negative risk factors, whereas α-3 level was a significant positive risk factor for new CVD events. Pre–β-1 level was a significant risk factor for new CVD events only in univariate analysis. A forward selection model indicated that α-1 was the most significant risk factor for recurrent CVD events among HDL particles. Conclusions— An altered HDL subpopulation profile marked with low α-1 and α-2 levels and a high α-3 level in coronary heart disease patients indicated an elevated risk for new CVD events. Moreover, α-1 and α-2 levels were superior to HDL-C levels in risk assessment in patients with low HDL-C in VA-HIT.
High-Temperature Failure of Polycrystalline Alumina: I, Crack Nucleation

A combination of techniques has been used to compare the compositional and microstructural characteristics of two commercially hot-pressed aluminas. Second-phase material containing Ni was observed in one material, mainly as small intergranular particles. Thermal treatment in air caused Ni to concentrate at the surfaces, in small precipitates. Large-grained heterogeneities, with Ti at the core, were identified in the same material. Hot-pressing flaws were observed in the second material. The large-scale heterogeneities act as crack nucleation sites during creep. Stress concentrations associated with these heterogeneities are considered to contribute to the premature crack nucleation, in conjunction with the presence of localized regions of amorphous second phase.
Factor Accumulation without Diminishing Returns: the Case of East Asia*

We investigate the similarity of the country endowments of the newly industrialized East Asian countries (NICs) and their major developed trading partners since the 1960s. In particular, we analyze their factor endowments in the years 1965, 1977, and 1990, using the lens condition of Deardorff (1994). Because of the similarity of endowments of the NICs and their developed-country trading partners, we cannot reject the hypothesis that these countries are diversified economies, able to produce the same set of goods since the 1960s. This empirical evidence supports the theoretical analyses of the East Asian growth miracle of Mankiw (1995) and Ventura (1997) in an environment in which factor accumulation did not imply decreasing returns to capital.
The effect of sampling rate on autocorrelation estimation

In power spectral estimation of a continuous band-limited random process, one must usually estimate the continuous autocorrelation function at lags which are multiples of the Nyquist interval. This is done by sampling the random process at the Nyquist rate and basing the autocorrelation lag estimates on these samples. It is shown, however, that to approximately minimize the mean-square error of these estimates, one should sample at twice the Nyquist rate. The resultant decrease in mean-square error is most pronounced for short data records. For longer data records, the use of Nyquist rate sampling proves to be adequate.
A CLASSIC-PERIOD BARRIO PRODUCING FINE POLYCHROME CERAMICS AT TIKAL, GUATEMALA: Notes on ancient Maya firing technology

Significant indirect evidence suggests that one of the Classic-period residential groups at Tikal was the residence of a family of potters who produced high-quality painted wares. Delineation of the borders of residential Group 4H-1 at Tikal led me to postulate that the bajo was a major resource zone for ceramic manufacturing rather than a spatially limiting feature. This family of upscale ceramic producers used the adjacent bajo as a source of clay and fuel for firing pottery. The configuration of other groups near Group 4H-1 suggests not only that the people occupying the several groups on this peninsula were related, but that they were all involved in the production, painting, and distribution of fine ceramics. These several residential groups, located on adjacent house lots, define a barrio within Tikal whose occupants formed an extended kin unit sharing an economic focus on the production of high-quality ceramics. A consideration of the contents of trash deposits that were used by the Maya for building fill and a study of the middens found adjacent to residential groups at Tikal provide clues to the location of a specific kiln, or firing area. Broken pottery in the structure fill tells us more than architectural history. In this example, pottery indicates how other aspects of one or more house lots were organized and used. In particular, these data suggest that a barrio-like cluster of households at Tikal, with its own ritual center (Group 5G-I), housed families of ceramic producers who had specifically located their residences in direct proximity to the bajo. The search for the firing facilities associated with the production of ceramics in Group 4H-1 is now a major research focus. “Kilns,” or firing facilities, should be among the various architectural features found “out back,” or located on the margins of a house lot. Kilns may have been of the trench type or free-standing small buildings, possibly within sheds, and are expected outside the perimeter formed by the main buildings of the residential group. The structures facing a plaza or series of plazas that are the most obvious elements of a single household tend to attract archaeological attention. Location of structures “out back,” or peripheral to the residential core buildings, could help define the configuration of household lots.
A nonparametric bayesian model of multi-level category learning

Categories are often organized into hierarchical taxonomies, that is, tree structures where each node represents a labeled category, and a node's parent and children are, respectively, the category's supertype and subtypes. A natural question is whether it is possible to reconstruct category taxonomies in cases where we are not given explicit information about how categories are related to each other, but only a sample of observations of the members of each category. In this paper, we introduce a nonparametric Bayesian model of multi-level category learning, an extension of the hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) that we call the tree-HDP. We demonstrate the ability of the tree-HDP to reconstruct simulated datasets of artificial taxonomies, and show that it produces similar performance to human learners on a taxonomy inference task.
Contributions of Cognitive Factors in Conceptual Metaphors

The present study applied signal detection measures to test the hypothesis that activating abstract concepts with strong spatial metaphors (e.g., God is related to up and right, Devil is related to down and left) would orient spatial attention to compatible locations. In Experiment 1, participants performed a perceptual-discrimination task after judging the meaning of a word that varied in its religious meaning (God-related, Devil-related, or religiously neutral). Perceptual discrimination was better in the up-right quadrant when primed by God-related words. In contrast, enhanced perceptual discrimination was observed in the down-left quadrant when primed by Devil-related words. These metaphor-attention effects were abolished in Experiment 2, when only perceptual analyses of religious words were required in a font-type judgment task. Taken together, these findings support the attentional capture effect of conceptual metaphors and the necessity of semantic encoding of conceptual representations.
Exchanges, Rules Governing

The first emerging stock markets arose in the nineteenth century under very different legal and political environments. In London and New York, the central exchanges operated as self-regulating organizations under Anglo-American common law but with distinct incentives due to the much different initial assignment of property rights in the exchange. The central exchanges in Berlin and Paris effectively became self-regulating organizations as well but under statutory legal regimes that contrasted sharply with those in Britain and America. Comparing the four leading industrial powers of the world as of 1914, it appears that Britain and the United States had achieved the highest degree of complementarity between central and regional exchanges due to the similarity in their legal environments. The differences in their political arrangements, however, made the regional exchanges in the United States much more competitive with the central exchange.
A segregating inversion generates fitness variation in a yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) population

Polymorphic chromosomal rearrangements, which can bind together hundreds of genes into single genetic loci with diverse effects, are increasingly associated with local adaptation and speciation. They may also be an important component of genetic variation within populations. We genetically and phenotypically characterized a novel segregating inversion (inv6) in the Iron Mountain (IM) population of Mimulus guttatus (yellow monkeyflower). We first identified a region of recombination suppression in three F2 mapping populations resulting from crosses among IM plants; in each case, the F1 hybrid parent was heterozygous for a homogenous derived haplotype (inv6) across markers spanning over 4.2 Mb of Linkage Group 6. Genotype-phenotype associations in the three F2 populations demonstrated negative inv6 effects on male and female fitness components. In addition, inv6 carriers suffered a ~30% loss of pollen viability in the field. Despite these costs, inv6 exists at moderate and apparently stable frequency (~7%) in the natural population, suggesting counter-balancing fitness benefits that maintain the polymorphism. Across four years of monitoring in the field, inv6 had an overall significant positive effect on the seed production (lifetime female fitness) of carriers. This benefit was particularly strong in harsh years and may be mediated (in part) by strong positive inv6 effects on flower production. These data suggest that opposing fitness effects maintain an intermediate frequency, and as a consequence, inv6 generates inbreeding depression and high genetic variance. We discuss these findings in the context of theory about the genetic basis of inbreeding depression and the role for chromosomal rearrangements in population divergence with gene flow.
Pre-Assessment on Occupational Hazards in the Transformation Project of the Sewage Treatment System in A Company

[Objective]To Identify, evaluate and control the occupational hazards in the transformation project of the sewage treatment system in a company.[Methods]The data collected, on-site occupational hygiene analogical investigation and monitoring of occupational hazards were performed. Analogy and check list method were adopted for comprehensive evaluation.[Results]The location, general layout, production process and facility layout, hygienic requirements of buildings, occupational hazards, occupational protecting facilitate, emergency rescue measures, equipment of individual protective articles, hygienic assistant chamber layout and occupational health management all accorded with the national regulation. The detection results of analogical company showed that the concentration (intensity) of occupational hazards factors in production process met the national standard limit.[Conclusion] The occupational hazards produced in the production process of this transformation project can be prevented. From the perspective of occupational health, the project is feasible.
Experimental Research on Linearity of Impulse Voltage Divider

In the process of tracing of impulse voltage measuring system,a low voltage DC source or a low voltage impulse calibrator is always used to measure the scale factor of divider,and the effect of linearity of divider on uncertainty of measurement system must be considered.Under the condition that the national standard is not yet established,we proposed an experimental method for measuring the linearity of divider with the voltage rise.We used low voltage resistance divider R200Sto measure the linearity of generator,and obtained the linearity curve.With the increase of charging voltage,the linearity of divider could be obtained by precisely measuring the charging voltage of impulse voltage generator and the ratio of the indicating value of the corrected sample divider HCR600to the charging voltage.The result shows that,the linearity of HCR600decreases from +0.4% to-0.8%;the maximum difference between positive polarity and negative polarity is 0.14%,and the linearity of negative polarity is superior to that of positive polarity.Moreover,we used a 500kV resistance divider,of which the linearity was compared with that of HCR600,to obtain the linearity curve,showing that two curves matched basically,and the maximum difference between them was 0.15%at the same voltage.The results show that the proposed method can be used to accurately measure the linearity of divider,can be used as experimental verification in the process of establishing the national standard,and can be used to calibrate the ultrahigh voltage impulse voltage of measuring equipment when equipment satisfies some requirements.
Assessing the Risk of Formation of Potential Genotoxic Degradation Products in a Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitor Drug Substance and Drug Product

Galunisertib is a kinase inhibitor designed to selectively inhibit TGF-β signaling. Drug substance stress degradation studies performed during clinical development demonstrated two degradation products via oxidation of the nitrogen(s) of the pyridine moieties in the presence of dilute hydrogen peroxide. These “N-oxide” potential degradation products generated positive alerts for mutagenicity by in silico structure–activity relationship-based genotoxicity assessment, and both tested positive in the Ames bacterial mutagenicity test. These compounds were also identified as potential process impurities that could originate through the use of hydrogen peroxide, and this reagent was subsequently removed from the synthetic route. A toxicology limit of not more than 166 ppm (w/w relative to the drug substance) combined for the two N-oxides was assigned on the basis of clinical dosing. An LC–MS method was developed to test for the N-oxides with a limit of quantitation set at <10% of the toxicology limit in both th...
A 90nm 1-4.25-Gb/s Multi Data Rate Receiver for High Speed Serial Links

This paper describes the design of a receiver that supports the operation from 1 to 4.25-Gb/s, enabling a single macro to satisfy different protocols. The receiver performs equalization to compensate for interconnect ISI, achieves 10 mV sensitivity at 4.25-Gb/s by using offset corrected amplification, and performs clock-data-recovery with a digital algorithm that controls a recovered clock out of a phase interpolator. The receiver has been validated in 90 nm CMOS with 45 mW at 1.1 V supply voltage and demonstrated to achieve link over 30-meter AGW24 cable at 3.125 Gb/s with BER<10-5.
Multipath routing and dual link failure recovery in IP networks using three link-independent trees

We develop an approach for disjoint multipath routing and fast recovery in IP networks that guarantees recovery from arbitrary two link failures. We employ three link-independent trees, referred to as red, blue, and green trees, rooted at every destination. The path from a source to the destination on the trees are mutually link-disjoint. The routing of packets is based on the destination address and the input interface over which the packet was received. We discuss different ways of employing the three link-independent trees for multipath routing and/or failure recovery. If the trees are employed exclusively for multipath routing, then no packet overhead is required. If the trees are employed for failure recovery, then the overhead bits will range from 0 to 2 bits depending on the flexibility sought in routing. We evaluate the performance of the trees in fast recovery by comparing the path lengths provided under single and dual link failures with an earlier approach based on tunneling.
Extended Submuscular Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction with Pectoralis-Serratus Sling and Acellular Dermal Matrix.

Partial muscle coverage with the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has become commonplace in implant-based breast reconstruction.1-8 Compared with total submuscular coverage,9-12 the advantages of partial muscle coverage and ADM have included greater primary implant fill volumes, quicker expansion, increased lower pole expansion, and improved breast aesthetics.5,8,13-15 Since Breuing and Warren’s 2005 description,1 ADM has been widely used as a “pectoralis extender” and “inferolateral sling.” Having amassed experience and largely favorable results with this classical technique,1 we have nevertheless found several limitations with this approach, primarily related to the incision of the lateral margin of the pectoralis major muscle and the requisite lateral inset of the allograft. First, the lateral ADM inset requires two suture lines, along both the incised pectoralis major muscle lateral margin and serratus fascia, which can be time intensive. Second, lateral allograft inset can be technically arduous, particularly through increasingly limited-length or inframammary mastectomy incisions. Finally, we had commonly noted lateralization of the breast pocket throughout the expansion process, with varying degrees of lateral breast prosthesis displacement, that have necessitated onerous and additional time-intensive lateral capsulorrhaphy maneuvers to re-define the lateral pocket at the second stage. The authors’ current implant-based breast reconstruction technique was devised to establish more robust definition of the lateral breast pocket, limiting potential implant displacement and minimizing the need for capsular modification at a second procedure. The technique, described below and demonstrated in Figure 1, is a hybrid approach that combines the advantages of ADM inferiorly with extended submuscular coverage laterally by elevating the pectoralis major muscle in continuity with the serratus anterior muscle and fascia. This technique provides more vascularized autogenous implant coverage, improves support and maintenance of breast shape and implant position, facilitates control of the lateral pocket through …
Brief Report: The Development of Compliance in Toddlers at-Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report concerns with child compliance. The development of compliance in 24-, 30-, and 36-month-old high-risk children with ASD outcomes (n = 21), high-risk children without ASD (n = 49), and low-risk children (n = 41) was examined. The High-Risk/ASD group showed greater passive noncompliance at 24-months than the non-ASD groups and a smaller increase in compliance than the High-Risk/No ASD group. The High-Risk/ASD group also showed a smaller decline in active noncompliance than the Low-Risk group. After controlling for receptive language, the passive noncompliance findings were nonsignificant whereas compliance and active noncompliance findings retained significance. The growth of compliance is attenuated in children with ASD, while changes in passive noncompliance are in part associated with language comprehension.
Full-waveform inversion using seislet regularization

ABSTRACTBecause of inaccurate, incomplete, and inconsistent waveform records, full-waveform inversion (FWI) in the framework of a local optimization approach may not have a unique solution, and thus it remains an ill-posed inverse problem. To improve the robustness of FWI, we have developed a new model regularization approach that enforced the sparsity of solutions in the seislet domain. The construction of seislet basis functions requires structural information that can be estimated iteratively from migration images. We implement FWI with seislet regularization using nonlinear shaping regularization and impose sparseness by applying soft thresholding on the updated model in the seislet domain at each iteration of the data-fitting process. The main extra computational cost of the method relative to standard FWI is the cost of applying forward and inverse seislet transforms at each iteration. This cost is almost negligible compared with the cost of solving wave equations. Numerical tests using the syntheti...
Discourse Characteristics in Aphasia Beyond the Western Aphasia Battery Cutoff

Purpose This study examined discourse characteristics of individuals with aphasia who scored at or above the 93.8 cutoff on the Aphasia Quotient subtests of the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised (WAB...
Cyclic Nucleotides Differentially Regulate Cx43 Gap Junction Function in Uterine Artery Endothelial Cells From Pregnant Ewes

Cell-cell communication is dependent on GJ (gap junction) proteins such as Cx43 (connexin 43). We previously demonstrated the importance of Cx43 function in establishing the enhanced pregnancy vasodilatory phenotype during pregnancy in uterine artery endothelial cells from pregnant (P-UAEC) ewes. Cx43 is regulated by elevating cAMP and PKA (protein kinase A)-dependent Cx43 S365 phosphorylation-associated trafficking and GJ open gating, which is opposed by PKC (protein kinase C)-dependent S368 phosphorylation-mediated GJ turnover and closed gating. However, the role of cyclic nucleotide-mediated signaling mechanisms that control Cx43 and GJ function in P-UAECs is unknown. We hypothesize that cAMP will mediate increases in S365 phosphorylation, thereby, enhancing GJ trafficking and open gating, while cGMP will stimulate S368, but not S365, phosphorylation to enhance GJ turnover and closed gating in P-UAECs. Treatment with 8-Bromo (8-Br)-cAMP signal significantly (P<0.05) increased nonphosphorylated S365 signal and total Cx43 phosphorylation, but not S368 phosphorylation, while 8-Br-cGMP significantly (P<0.05) increased Cx43 C-terminus-S365 signal, S368, and total Cx43 phosphorylation. Inhibition of PKA, but not PKG (protein kinase G), abrogated the 8-Br-cAMP-stimulated increase in nonphosphorylated S365 and total Cx43 phosphorylation and inhibited S368 below basal levels, whereas inhibition of PKG blocked (P<0.05) the 8-bromo-cGMP-stimulated rises in nonphosphorylated S365, total Cx43, and S368 phosphorylation levels in P-UAECs. Functional studies showed that 8-Br-cAMP increased dye transfer and sustained calcium bursts, while 8-Br-cGMP decreased both. Thus, in P-UAECs, only 8-Br-cAMP and not 8-Br-cGMP effectively enhances nonphosphorylated S365 and total Cx43 expression that correspondingly reduces S368 phosphorylation, allowing increased GJ communication. This provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms behind Cx43 function and GJ communication.
Review of the application and efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in equine tendon and ligament injuries

Summary Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been implemented as a treatment for musculoskeletal injuries in horses. ESWT uses acoustic waves applied to a region of injury, and has been shown to improve lameness, decrease time of healing and improve ultrasonographic appearance of tendon and ligament injuries. However, much of the current literature surrounding the use of ESWT in veterinary medicine is positively biased and most studies have lower levels of evidence-based experimental design. Randomised clinical trials are needed to determine specific energy settings, dose, frequency and case selection for different anatomical regions, and to investigate long-term effects of ESWT as well as interactions between ESWT and regenerative biological therapies.
What Can Studying Designed Marital Argument Interventions Contribute to Argumentation Scholarship

In this chapter, I take a design approach to the study of marital argumentation. Two marriage education programs, the prevention and relationship enhancement program (PREP) and the practical application of intimate relationship skills (PAIRS) program are examined. Each curriculum presents communication tools/guides/procedures for either directly improving argumentation behavior or by indirectly improving arguments by enhancing the partners’ commitment and intimacy. After discussing specific communication tools from each program, I identify design hypotheses underlying the programs that can then be applied to more general issues related to argumentation theory.
“Legal” Land Appropriation as Sanctioned by the Vested Property Act(s): Democracy in Practice

In this chapter, I interrogate the Vested Property Act (VPA) to explore one aspect of the uneven and contradictory project of democratic state formation in Bangladesh. The Act, initially sanctioned by the state of the then-East Pakistan, and continued in independent Bangladesh through various military regimes and democratically-elected governments, paved the way for the displacement of millions of Hindus from both ownership rights and their security as citizens. By drawing attention to the Act’s institutionalisation and struggles over its legitimacy, I show how the promise of democracy, as well as of secularism, reveals the violences that are entailed in actually existing democratic practice, including in the construction of the Hindu citizen as unworthy and a threat to national security. This construction of the minority as “other” and the making of majoritarian rule reveal the violence that attends to a democratic politics that includes everyday inaction and omission, rather than one which focuses solely on acts of force that usually involve physical harm or injury.
Cost-sensitive prediction of airline delays using machine learning

This study provides a framework combining the sampling method called costing and supervised machine teaming algorithms to predict individual flight delays. The costing method converts cost-insensitive classifiers to cost-sensitive ones by subsampling examples from the original training dataset according to their misclassification costs. A weighted error function has been newly defined to evaluate the model's performance considering misclassification costs. And the function is measured by the various cost ratio between false positive error and false negative error. The cost ratio shows the relative importance of delays class to on-time class. The weighted error rate varies with the cost ratio and the model can have lower weighted error rate when the cost ratio is 10.
THE SHORT‐RUN EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF RECENT MINIMUM WAGE CHANGES: EVIDENCE FROM THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY

This paper presents early evidence on the employment effects of state minimum wage increases enacted between January 2013 and January 2015. As of 2015, we estimate that relatively large minimum wage increases (defined as those exceeding $1) reduced employment among low‐skilled population groups by just over 1 percentage point. Smaller minimum wage increases, as well as increases linked to inflation indexation provisions, appear to have had much smaller (and possibly positive) effects on employment over our sample period. The estimates thus raise the potential importance of nonlinearities in the minimum wage's effects, which are consistent with standard models of the labor market. (JEL H11, J08, J23)
MIND at Home-Streamlined: Study Protocol for a Randomized Trial of Home-Based Care Coordination for Persons With Dementia and Their Caregivers

Background Dementia is associated with high health care costs, premature long-term care (LTC) placement, medical complications, reduced quality of life, and caregiver burden. Most health care providers and systems are not yet organized or equipped to provide comprehensive long-term care management for dementia, although a range of effective symptoms and supportive care approaches exist. The Maximizing Independence at Home-Streamlined (MIND-S) is a promising model of home-based dementia care coordination designed to efficiently improve person-centered outcomes, while reducing care costs. This report describes the rationale and design of an NIA-funded randomized controlled trial to test the impact of MIND-S on time to LTC placement, person with dementia outcomes (unmet needs, behavior, quality of life), family caregiver outcomes (unmet needs, burden), and cost offset at 18 (primary end point) and 24 months, compared to an augmented usual care group. Methods This is a 24-month, parallel group, randomized trial evaluating MIND-S in a cohort of 304 community-living persons with dementia and their family caregivers in Maryland. MIND-S dyads receive 18 months of care coordination by an interdisciplinary team comprised of trained non-clinical community workers (e.g. Memory Care Coordinators), a registered nurse, and a geriatric psychiatrist. Intervention components include in-home dementia-related needs assessments; individualized care planning; implementation of standardized evidence-based care strategy protocols; and ongoing monitoring and reassessment. Outcomes are assessed by blinded evaluators at baseline, 4.5, 9, 13.5, 18, and 24 months. Discussion Trial results will provide rigorous data to inform innovations in effective system-level approaches to dementia care.
Trends in Academic Research Spending, Alliances, and Commercialization

Widespread changes underway in the national R&D landscape are impacting how universities fund, conduct, and disseminate their own research efforts. The key components of these trends are revealed through a variety of indicators, including on financial resources, publishing and patenting metrics, and research partnerships. Many of the changes appear to be cost-driven. Particularly as funding increases from Government have slowed and expectations for cost-sharing increased during the past decade, universities increasingly have come to rely on nonfederal sources, notably industry and institutional self-funding. The shift in funding sources has impacted all major fields of study. As part of this system-wide transformation, universities have noticeably increased their collaborations with nonacademic researchers as evidenced by trends in publication data and information on the formation of centers, consortia, and cooperative agreements. Concurrently, and not coincidentally, the transfer of universities' research output also is expanding. Such transfers are increasing both indirectly (as indicated from patenting citation data) and directly (as documented by universities' own patenting/licensing commercialization endeavors). On all accounts are we unlikely to have yet reached the peak of such activities.
The origin and stability of nanostructural hierarchy in crystalline solids.

The structural hierarchy exhibited by materials on more than one length scale can play a major part in determining bulk material properties. Understanding the hierarchical structure can lead to new materials with physical properties tailored for specific applications. We have used a combined experimental and phase-field modeling approach to explore such a hierarchical structure at nanoscale for enhanced coarsening resistance of ordered γ′ precipitates in an experimental, multicomponent, high-refractory nickel-base superalloy. The hierarchical microstructure formed experimentally in this alloy is composed of a γ matrix with γ′ precipitates that contain embedded, spherical γ precipitates, which do not directionally coarsen during high-temperature annealing but do delay coarsening of the larger γ′ precipitates. Chemical mapping via atom probe tomography suggests that the supersaturation of Co, Ru, and Re in the γ′ phase is the driving force for the phase separation, leading to the formation of this hierarchical microstructure. Representative phase-field modeling highlights the importance of larger γ′ precipitates to promote stability of the embedded γ phase and to delay coarsening of the encompassing γ′ precipitates. Our results suggest that the hierarchical material design has the potential to influence the high-temperature stability of precipitate strengthened metallic materials.
A highly unusual v1 region of env in an elite controller of HIV infection

HIV elite controllers represent a remarkable minority of patients who maintain normal CD4+ T-cell counts and low or undetectable viral loads for decades in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. To examine the possible contribution of virus attenuation to elite control, we obtained a primary HIV-1 isolate from an elite controller who had been infected for 19 years, the last 10 of which were in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Full-length sequencing of this isolate revealed a highly unusual V1 domain in Envelope (Env). The V1 domain in this HIV-1 strain was 49 amino acids, placing it in the top 1% of lengths among the 6,112 Env sequences in the Los Alamos National Laboratory online database. Furthermore, it included two additional N-glycosylation sites and a pair of cysteines suggestive of an extra disulfide loop. Virus with this Env retained good infectivity and replicative capacity; however, analysis of recombinant viruses suggested that other sequences in Env were adapted to accommodate the unusual V1 domain. While the long V1 domain did not confer resistance to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies of the V1/V2-glycan-dependent class, it did confer resistance to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies of the V3-glycan-dependent class. Our findings support results in the literature that suggest a role for long V1 regions in shielding HIV-1 from recognition by V3-directed broadly neutralizing antibodies. In the case of the elite controller described here, it seems likely that selective pressures from the humoral immune system were responsible for driving the highly unusual polymorphisms present in this HIV-1 Envelope.IMPORTANCE Elite controllers have long provided an avenue for researchers to reveal mechanisms underlying control of HIV-1. While the role of host genetic factors in facilitating elite control is well known, the possibility of infection by attenuated strains of HIV-1 has been much less studied. Here we describe an unusual viral feature found in an elite controller of HIV-1 infection and demonstrate its role in conferring escape from monoclonal antibodies of the V3-glycan class. Our results suggest that extreme variation may be needed by HIV-1 to escape neutralization by some antibody specificities.
Electrostatic Spectral Tuning Maps for Biological Chromophores.

The mechanism by which the absorption wavelength of a molecule is modified by a protein is known as spectral tuning. Spectral tuning is often achieved by electrostatic interactions that stabilize/destabilize or modify the shape of the excited and ground-state potential energy surfaces of the chromophore. We present a protocol for the construction of three-dimensional “electrostatic spectral tuning maps” that describe how vertical excitation energies in a chromophore are influenced by nearby charges. The maps are built by moving a charge on the van der Waals surface of the chromophore and calculating the change in its excitation energy. The maps are useful guides for protein engineering of color variants, for interpreting spectra of chromophores that act as probes of their environment, and as starting points for further quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical studies. The maps are semiquantitative and can approximate the magnitude of the spectral shift induced by a point charge at a given position with res...
Estimating the area affected by phosphorus runoff in an Everglades wetland: a comparison of universal kriging and Bayesian kriging

Phosphorus-enriched agriculture runoff is believed to be the leading cause of ecosystem changes of Everglades wetlands. To study this effect, it is necessary to estimate the area of the affected region. In this study, Bayesian kriging and universal kriging were used to estimate the area by analysing the data collected by Reddy et al. (1991). The background level of the soil's total phosphorus concentration is usedto determine whether the region is affected by the agriculture runoff, through an indicator function. The area of the affected region was represented by the integration of the indicator function over the entire wetland. The expected value of the affected area was calculated using the results derived from Bayesian and universal kriging. The outcome indicates that universal kriging is sensitive to specification of thecovariance model. It was observed that universal kriging and Bayesian kriging yield comparable results, if the specified covariance structures are of similar nature.
Better cognitive efficiency is associated with increased experimental anxiety

There is increased interest in the development of cognitive training targeting working memory (WM) to alleviate anxiety symptoms, but the effectiveness of such an approach is unclear. Improved understanding of the effect of cognitive training on anxiety may facilitate the development of more effective cognitive training treatment for anxiety disorders. This study uses an experimental approach to examine the interplay of WM and anxiety following WM training. Previous studies show that increased demand on WM reduces concurrent anxiety evoked by threat of shock (induced anxiety). However, improving WM pharmacologically or via exercise prevents this anxiolytic effect. Conceivably, improving WM frees up cognitive resources to process threat information, thereby increasing anxiety. The present study tested the hypothesis that practicing a high load WM (i.e., increased demand) task would improve WM, and thus, free cognitive resources to process threat of shock, resulting in more anxiety (i.e., greater startle) during a subsequent WM task. Participants were randomly assigned to two training groups. The active-training group (N = 20) was trained on a 1- (low load) & 3-back (high load) WM task, whereas the control-training group (N = 20) performed a 0-back WM task. The experimental phase, similar in both groups, consisted of a 1- & 3-back WM task performed during both threat of shock and safety. As predicted, active training improved WM accuracy and increased anxiety during the experimental 3-back WM task. Therefore, improving WM efficiency can increase anxiety, possibly by freeing WM resources to process threat information.
ObamaCare and Your Stone: Good News, Bad News!

The Affordable Heath Care Act (ACA), commonly known as ObamaCare, is the new national health care law that was signed into law on March, 2010. Since becoming the law, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has altered insurance industry practices, expanded certain Medicare benefits, and initiated new payment and service delivery models. This law went into full effect on January 1, 2014. As of October 1, 2013 consumers looking for health insurance were able to turn to state-based health care exchanges. The exchanges are the centerpiece of the Affordable Care Act intended to help the uninsured and small businesses find affordable coverage. Many people who have had to put off seeking medical care because they could not afford it may finally get the care they need. Additionally, doctors may get paid for services that they have provided for free to uninsured patients. On the other hand, ObamaCare has resulted in the increase in Insurance premiums, an increase hiring of part-time workers and incentivizing businesses to scale back benefits. While it is debatable whether this law is positive or negative, Obama Care is the future of healthcare and it is here to stay. The healthcare law is over 2,500 pages and the complete details of this law are beyond the scope of this chapter. This chapter, will however, tell you the pluses and minuses of this law and how this affects you and your kidney stone.
Autoradiographischer perinucleärer Jodnachweis in cytologischen Punktaten menschlicher Strumen

Verabreichtes Radiojod des Isotops J131 wurde autoradiographisch bisher als “ring-reaction” uber dem apikalen Anteil der Schilddrusenepithelzellen und im Follikellumen nachgewiesen (1, 2, 14, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 48). In Autoradiogrammen menschlicher Schilddrusenpunktate wiesen Schmidt, Henning und Witte (46) das Jod je nach Zeitintervall der Punktionen nach Jodapplikation in Granulaform nach. Der Jodnachweis beschrankte sich dabei nicht nur auf einen dem apikalen Zellanteil zugehorigen Zellrandsaum, sondern gelang im uberwiegenden Anteil des Cytoplasmas.
Oncolytic virus pelareorep plus carfilzomib phase I trial in carfilzomib-refractory patients (NCI 9603): Responses with cytokine storm.

8535Background: Viral oncolytic therapy with intravenous Pelareorep, the infusible form of reovirus, is supported by preclinical data indicating that its antitumor activity results from direct cyto...
Predicting the DJIA with News Headlines and Historic Data Using Hybrid Genetic Algorithm/Support Vector Regression and BERT

One important application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is forecasting stock price in the stock market, as such knowledge is highly useful for investors. We first examine two state-of-the-art AI techniques, hybrid genetic algorithm/support vector regression and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT). After that, we proposed a new AI model that uses hybrid genetic algorithm/support vector regression and BERT to predict daily closes in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. We found that there is an up to 36.5% performance improvement with root-mean-squared-errors using headline data compared to without headline data based on models we have tested, although further analysis may reveal more significant improvements. The code and data used in our model can be found at: https://github.com/bcwarner/djia-gasvr-bert.
Promoting Mask Use on TikTok: Descriptive, Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Over the past decade, there has been an increasing secular trend in the number of studies on social media and health. Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the content and characteristics of TikTok videos that are related to an important aspect of community mitigation—the use of masks as a method for interrupting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: In total, 100 trending videos with the hashtag #WearAMask (ie, a campaign on TikTok), along with 32 videos that were posted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and involved masks in any way (ie, all related WHO videos at the time of this study), were included in our sample. We collected the metadata of each post, and created content categories based on fact sheets that were provided by the WHO and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We used these fact sheets to code the characteristics of mask use. Results: Videos that were posted on TikTok and had the hashtag #WearAMask garnered almost 500 million views, and videos that were posted by the WHO garnered almost 57 million views. Although the ratio of the number of trending #WearAMask videos to the number of WHO videos was around 3:1, the #WearAMask videos received almost 10 times as many cumulative views as the WHO videos. In total, 68% (68/100) of the trending #WearAMask videos involved humor and garnered over 355 million cumulative views. However, only 9% (3/32) of the WHO videos involved humor. Furthermore, 27% (27/100) of the trending #WearAMask videos involved dance and garnered over 130 million cumulative views, whereas none of the WHO videos involved dance. Conclusions: This study is one of the first to describe how TikTok is being used to mitigate the community spread of COVID-19 by promoting mask use. Due to the platform’s incredible reach, TikTok has great potential in conveying important public health messages to various segments of the population.
Open Speech Platform: Democratizing Hearing Aid Research

Hearing aids help overcome the challenges associated with hearing loss, and thus greatly benefit and improve the lives of those living with hearing-impairment. Unfortunately, there is a lack of adoption of hearing aids among those that can benefit from hearing aids. Hearing researchers and audiologists are trying to address this problem through their research. However, the current proprietary hearing aid market makes it difficult for academic researchers to translate their findings into commercial use. In order to abridge this gap and accelerate research in hearing health care, we present the design and implementation of the Open Speech Platform (OSP), which consists of a co-design of open-source hardware and software. The hardware meets the industry standards and enables researchers to conduct experiments in the field. The software is designed with a systematic and modular approach to standardize algorithm implementation and simplify user interface development. We evaluate the performance of OSP regarding both its hardware and software, as well as demonstrate its usefulness via a self-fitting study involving human participants.
The Relevance of the Dual Systems Model for Social Learning Theory: Testing for Moderation Effects:

Social learning theory is one of the most prominent criminological theories of the 20th century. The dual systems model represents an emerging framework in recent years, which may help to better un...
Star Performer on the Teaching Team

Abstract A relative newcomer—a textbook for physical education students—has earned for itself a key spot in lesson planning. Are you making use of this teaching aid to heighten student interest and help boys and girls attain a better understanding of the purposes and rewards of physical education?
Renewable Energy Technology Adoption in the Pacific Northwest: A Technology Policy Review

The term Northwest in the United States is used loosely to indicate the area between the states of Alaska, Washington, Oregon, northern California, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. In the heart of Northwest are two states (Oregon and Washington) bordering the Pacific Ocean and are geographically and culturally similar, those two cities are referred to as the Pacific Northwest. The State of Oregon has been strategically weighing energy demand, supply, and resources to give Oregonians a more sustainable and convenient energy future. Renewable energy is perceived by the Oregonians as a source of energy independence, rural community development, and cleaner air. After the oil crises in 1973, Governor Tom McCall launched an emergency energy conservation program and in 1975 The Oregon Department of Energy (ODOE) was established to support energy conservation and renewable energy policy planning. Many of these policies and plans are still active until today but with some modifications over time. Another crisis that hit the Pacific Northwest was the low rain levels in the years 2000–2001 which lead to lower hydropower year and increased electricity demand with few power plants being built.