cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The absorption and emission spectrum of silicon monoiodide

Abstract A new absorption band system, attributable to the silicon monoiodide molecule, SiI, has been discovered in the region 4200–4900 A by the flash photolysis of silyl iodide, SiH3I. The magnitude of Te and the vibrational constant ω, together with a rotational analysis of two of the bands, indicates that the system is probably the A 2 Σ + -X 2 Π 1 2 transition of SiI. An emission spectrum of SiI, first observed by Lakshminarayana and Haranath (1), has been photographed under higher resolution. More accurate vibrational constants have been obtained, and the electronic transition has been reinterpreted.
BIFPET methodology versus PERT in project management: fuzzy probability instead of the beta distribution

Abstract Research throughout the years has centered on the use of the beta distribution to model variable activity times in the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). Justification for using a weighted average of optimistic, most likely and pessimistic times is based mostly on the beta distribution's ability to handle skewness and its ease of use for computing the mean activity times. This paper presents two variations of a fuzzy probability based model for project management. The Belief in Fuzzy Probability Estimations of Time (BIFPET) model uses human judgment instead of stochastic assumptions to determine project completion titties. Following a literature review of PERT critiques, background information is provided for BIFPET. Next, a foam block production machine project is described and solved based on three estimates of time for each activity. A variation of BIFPET that uses ranges on these time estimates is presented and the case is solved for fuzzy expected completion times. The results are compared to those derived by using PERT and benefits of the BIFPET approach are detailed. The paper concludes with a description of our ongoing research initiative in the area of fuzzy probability applications to project management.
Bidirectional Actions of Hydrogen Peroxide on Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase Phosphorylation and Function CO-COMMITMENT AND INTERPLAY OF Akt AND AMPK

Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is critically modulated by kinases via the phosphorylation of its Ser1179 (bovine) or Ser1177 (human) residue. Reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 was reported to activate Akt, leading to increased eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation and activity. But reactive oxygen species are also known to attenuate eNOS function in cardiovascular diseases. Prior studies showing H2O2-stimulated eNOS phosphorylation were performed on serum-starved cells, and only the short term effect of H2O2 was examined. Here we found that the effects of H2O2 on eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation and function were bidirectional. With endothelial cells cultured with serum, H2O2 initially raised eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation and activity. However, after the peak increase at 30 min, eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation dramatically declined. Parallel to the alterations of eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation, Akt was transiently activated by H2O2 and subsequently became dormant. In contrast, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was progressively activated in H2O2-treated cells. Blocking Akt activation abolished the initial rise of eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation after H2O2 treatment. In long term H2O2-treated cells where Akt was deactivated, significant amounts of Ser1179-phosphorylated eNOS remained. AMPK inhibition eradicated the remaining eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation. Taken together, these studies revealed that Akt and AMPK orchestrated a bidirectional action on eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation in H2O2-treated cells. Long term H2O2 exposure decreased eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation, and this might account for the loss of eNOS function in cardiovascular diseases where chronic oxidative injury occurs.
Conformity as a Function of Age in Preadolescents

Summary Two hundred males and 212 females in grades 3–8 were tested for conformity to peers with the use of Asch-type stimuli and a modified Crutch-field procedure. The results showed that, with difficulty level controlled, conformity decreased with age between 8 and 11 years and then increased to age 13. Discrepancies among earlier investigations in this area were discussed. Explanations for these discrepancies in terms of the subjects' initial ability or ambiguity of the task were seen as inadequate. An alternative explanation in terms of a failure to recognize a curvilinear relationship between the variables was offered.
Effects of procedural and distributive justice on reactions to a selection system.

Procedural and distributive justice were examined in an employee selection situation. Along procedural justice dimensions, job relatedness of and explanation offered for the selection procedures were manipulated. Distributive justice was examined through manipulation of a selection decision and collection of a priori hiring expectations. Dependent measures included fairness reactions, recommendation intentions, self-efficacy, and actual work performance. Undergraduates (n = 260) were selected/rejected for paid employment. Job relatedness influenced performance and interacted with selection decision on perceptions of distributive fairness and self-efficacy. Explanations influenced recommendations of rejected applicants. Interactions between hiring expectations and selection decision were observed on perceived fairness and recommendation intentions.
The learning curve for neuroendovascular procedures How important is it

In recent years, both patients and third-party payers have become more interested in the impact of physician and hospital experience and the outcomes of technically demanding procedures. Initiatives such as the Leapfrog Group have been organized and there has been a suggestion that complex procedures should be referred to more experienced centers.1 In this issue of Neurology ®, results are presented from the NIH Wingspan Registry for patients who underwent intracranial stenting for symptomatic atherosclerosis.2 Overall, the investigators in this registry enrolled 160 recently symptomatic patients with 50%–99% angiographic stenosis. Patients were followed for a median time of 5.4 months and the primary endpoint was stroke or death within 30 days of the procedure and stroke in the territory of the treated vessel thereafter. Several factors were associated with an increased risk for postprocedure major complications, including posterior circulation stenosis, stenting at a low enrollment site (fewer than 10 patients), stenting within 10 days of the last …
Total eigenphase description of multiparticle quantum systems.

This paper presents a formalism for studying semianalytically the development of a multiparticle quantum-mechanical system outward from its center of mass, casting its dynamics in terms of hyperspherical coordinates which emphasize collective motions of all constituents. The formalism expresses the system's devleopment through an R matix which varies with the system's hyperradius R, incorporating a greater amount of the dynamics as R grows. Eigenvalues of the R matrix are further transformed into R-dependent phases whose R variation elucidates interactions between alternative degrees of freedom. An initial application to the $^{1}$${\mathit{S}}^{\mathit{e}}$ states of helium reveals details of interactions hitherto concealed within numerical treatments.
Tensile and compressive behavior of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum and niobium at the nanoscale

In situ nanomechanical tests are carried out to investigate the tensile and compressive behavior of -oriented body-centered cubic (bcc) metals W, Mo, Ta and Nb with nanometer dimensions. We find that the strength of these metals exhibits strong size dependence. The compressive size effect in Nb, as evaluated by the log–log slope of strength vs. nanopillar diameter, is −0.93, a factor of 2.1 greater than that for the other three metals W, Mo and Ta (−0.44). In tension, however, Ta and Nb show higher size effect slopes (−0.80 and −0.77) as compared with W and Mo (−0.58 and −0.43). We also report that while the yield strength of these metals is a strong function of size, the strain-hardening behavior does not present any size-dependent trends. We further discuss the effects of strain-rate on deformation behavior and provide transmission electron microscopy analysis of microstructural evolution in the same Mo nanopillar before and after compression.
Autonomic pupillary reflex activity during early infancy and its relation to social and nonsocial visual stimuli.

Abstract Pupillary activity to five visual stimuli—the subject's mother's face, a female stranger's face, a 4-square checkerboard pattern, a 144-square checkerboard pattern, and a triangle—was studied in 1-, 2-, and 4-monthold infants. Stimuli were presented via a closed-circuit video-tape television system. Pupillary responses were recorded on high-speed infrared film. Greater pupillary dilation accompanied the presentation of social stimuli than to nonsocial stimuli in 1- and 4-month-old infants. Four-monthold infants responded differently to mother than to stranger. There were no significant differences in pupillary activity among the nonsocial patterns. The results were compared to preferences for visual stimuli established in infant visual-fixation research. Comparison of the Hess and Woodmansee methods of scoring adult Ss' change in pupil size led to the conclusion that for infants there were essentially no differences between the two methods. Therefore, the Hess' method, representing the more economical of the two, was used in the present study.
Localization of 5-HT2A receptors on dopamine cells in subnuclei of the midbrain A10 cell group

Considerable evidence suggests that a dysfunction of the dopamine and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) neurotransmitter systems contributes to a diverse range of pathological conditions including schizophrenia, depression and drug abuse. Recent electrophysiological and behavioral studies suggest that 5-HT modulates dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area via activation of 5-HT(2A) receptors. It is currently unknown if 5-HT(2A) receptors mediate their actions on dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area via direct or indirect mechanisms. This study investigated whether 5-HT(2A) receptors were localized on dopamine cells within the A10 dopamine subnuclei of the rat, including the ventral tegmental area. We discovered that 5-HT(2A) receptor-like immunoreactivity colocalized with tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker for dopamine neurons, throughout the A10 dopamine cell population. Colocalization was most prominent in rostral and mid A10 regions, including the paranigral, parabrachial, and interfascicular subnuclei. Though more rare, non-dopaminergic neurons also expressed 5-HT(2A) receptor immunoreactivity in the ventral tegmental area. Additionally, although a dense population of 5-HT(2A) immunoreactive cells was observed in the rostral dorsal raphe nucleus, rarely were these cells immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase. The linear raphe A10 dopamine subdivisions also displayed a low degree of 5-HT(2A) receptor and tyrosine hydroxylase colocalization. These findings provide an anatomical basis for the physiological modulation of dopamine neurons in the rostral ventral tegmental area either directly, by 5-HT(2A) receptors localized on dopamine cells, or indirectly, through a non-dopaminergic mechanism. Interestingly, 5-HT(2A) receptors were expressed on dopamine neurons in several A10 subnuclei that project to mesolimbic forebrain regions implicated in drug addiction, and recent evidence indicates that ventral tegmental area 5-HT(2A) receptor activation may modulate reward-related behavior in rodents. 5-HT(2A) receptors were also expressed on dopamine cells in A10 subnuclei that project to forebrain areas that have been implicated in schizophrenia, and atypical antipsychotic drugs have high affinities for 5-HT(2A) receptors. Thus, findings in this study could have important implications for understanding 5-HT and dopamine circuitry dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Phase Behavior of Lipid Bilayers under Tension

Given the proposed importance of membrane tension in regulating cellular functions, we explore the effects of a finite surface tension on phase equilibrium using a molecular theory that captures the quantitative structure of the phase diagram of the tensionless DPPC/DOPC/Cholesterol lipid bilayer. We find that an increase in the surface tension decreases the temperature of the transition from liquid to gel in a pure DPPC system by ∼1.0 K/(mN/m), and decreases the liquid-disordered to liquid-ordered transition at constant chemical potentials by approximately the same amount. Our results quantitatively isolate the role of tension in comparison to other thermodynamic factors, such as pressure, in determining the phase behavior of lipid bilayers.
Mount St. Helens Eruptions: The Acute Respiratory Effects of Volcanic Ash in a North American Community

After the May 18, 1980 volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens, increases were observed in the number of patients who, because of asthma or bronchitis, sought medical care at emergency rooms of major hospitals in areas of ashfall. An interview study of 39 asthma and 44 bronchitis patients who became sick during the 4 wk following the eruption and who attended the emergency rooms of two major hospitals in Yakima, Washington, and of healthy matched controls indicated that a history of asthma, and possibly of bronchitis, were risk factors for contracting respiratory problems. The interview study also indicated that the main exacerbating factor was the elevated level of airborne total suspended particulates (in excess of 30,000 micrograms/m3) after the eruption. An interview study of 97 patients who had chronic lung disease and who lived in the same area as the above-mentioned patients, but who did not go to a hospital, showed that the ashfall exacerbated the condition in about one-third of these. Emergency planners and their geologist advisers should be aware that special preventive measures are justified for people with a history of asthma or chronic lung disease who live in communities at risk to volcanic ashfalls.
The formation of naphthalene, azulene, and fulvalene from cyclic C5 species in combustion: an ab initio/RRKM study of 9-H-fulvalenyl (C5H5-C5H4) radical rearrangements.

Chemically accurate ab initio Gaussian-3-type calculations of the C10H9 potential energy surface (PES) for rearrangements of the 9-H-fulvalenyl radical C5H5−C5H4 have been performed to investigate the formation mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) originated from the recombination of two cyclopentadienyl radicals (c-C5H5) as well as from the intermolecular addition of cyclopentadienyl to cyclopentadiene (c-C5H6) under combustion and pyrolytic conditions. Statistical theory calculations have been applied to obtain high-pressure-limit thermal rate constants, followed by solving kinetic equations to evaluate relative product yields. At the high-pressure limit, naphthalene, fulvalene, and azulene have been shown as the reaction products in rearrangements of the 9-H-fulvalenyl radical, with relative yields depending on temperature. At low temperatures (T 50%), whereas at higher temperatures the naphthalene yield rapidly decreases an...
Effect of pertussis toxin on the response of rat medial prefrontal cortex cells to the iontophoresis of serotonin receptor agonists.

In this study, we examined the response of spontaneously active as well as quiescent cells (L-glutamate-activated) in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFc) to the iontophoresis of 2-methylserotonin (2-Me-5-HT, 5-HT3 receptor agonist), (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-(4-iodo-phenyl)-2-aminopropane(DOI, 5-HT2A, 2c receptor agonist), 8-hydroxy-N,N-di-propylamino tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, 5-HT1A receptor agonist) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, a non-selective GABA receptor agonist) after the intracerebral administration of pertussis toxin, an inactivator of the Gi/o protein. This was accomplished using the techniques of extracellular single cell recording and iontophoresis. The administration of pertussis toxin (0.5 μg, 24 hours before the experiment) into the mPFc did not alter the response of mPFc cells to the iontophoresis of DOI, 2-Me-5HT or GABA compared to saline treated controls. However, the response of mPFc cells to the iontophoresis of 8-OH-DPAT was significantly attenuated in the animals pretreated with pertussis toxin compared to controls. These results suggest that the 5-HT1A but not 5-HT2A, 2c or 5-HT3 receptor is coupled to the Gi/o protein.
Conceptual design and integration of a space station resistojet propulsion assembly

The resistojet propulsion module is designed as a simple, long life, low risk system offering operational flexibility to the space station program. It can dispose of a wide variety of typical space station waste fluids by using them as propellants for orbital maintenance. A high temperature mode offers relatively high specific impulse with long life while a low temperature mode can propulsively dispose of mixtures that contain oxygen or hydrocarbons without reducing thruster life or generating particulates in the plume. A low duty cycle and a plume that is confined to a small aft region minimizes the impacts on the users. Simple interfaces with other space station systems facilitate integration. It is concluded that there are no major obstacles and many advantages to developing, installing, and operating a resistojet propulsion module aboard the Initial Operational Capability (IOC) space station.
Effective and concurrent checkpointing and recovery in distributed systems

The paper presents an effective application-transparent checkpointing/rollback scheme for multiple processes that communicate via message passing in a distributed system. The authors first propose a checkpointing scheme that uses the unforced checkpointing strategy and dynamically varies checkpoint intervals with respect to the frequency of message sending to reduce process rollback propagation. Additional forced checkpoints are taken only to achieve checkpoint consistency among processes and to avoid the domino effect. The authors then discuss both global rollback and minimal rollback approaches, and incorporate them into the proposed checkpointing scheme. The combined checkpointing/rollback scheme can handle out-of-order messages, achieve high concurrency during checkpointing/rollback operations, and allow multiple invocations of checkpointing/rollback instances. To reduce the space overhead a global recovery line determination approach to purge the checkpoints to which processes shall never rollback is proposed. Experiences with event-driven simulation indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce rollback propagation, while incurring little control message overhead and maintaining at any time only a few checkpoints at each process.
Electron Redistribution of Aromatic Ligands in (Arene)Cr(CO)3 Complexes. Structural (Bond-Length) Changes as Quantitative Measures

Arene ligands experience significant ring expansion upon coordination with chromium tricarbonyl, as established by precise X-ray crystallographic analyses of various (η6-arene)Cr(CO)3 complexes. Su...
Mutant human cells with constitutive activation of NF-κB

We have used a genetic approach to generate eight different mutant human cell lines in which NF-κB is constitutively activated. These independent clones have different phenotypes and belong to several different genetic complementation groups. In one clone inhibitor of κB(IκB) kinase is constitutively active, but in the seven others it is not, despite the fact that IκB is degraded in all eight clones. Thus, IκB kinase-independent mechanisms of IκB degradation and NF-κB activation are predominant in these mutants. Biochemical analyses of the mutants revealed that they fall into at least five different categories, differing in the sets of upstream kinases that are activated, confirming multiple mechanisms of NF-κB activation. By introducing a retroviral cDNA library into the Ras C6 cell line, with constitutively active NF-κB, followed by selection for functional complementation, we isolated a cDNA encoding a C-terminal fragment of enolase 1 and identified it as negative regulator of NF-κB.
Some correlations between the electroencephalogram and normal and pathologic mental processes.

This topic of correlating the EEG with mental processes is likely the most difficult area for any electroencephalographer. Perhaps the discovery of the EEG would have waited for many years had it not been that this very topic of mental processes aroused Hans Berger in the 1920s to study the brain and its activity, especially its electrical manifestations. In 1892 Berger was in the German Army as a 19year-old student and during maneuvers near Wurzberg, Germany had fallen from his horse. At that moment a large gun had broken loose in a steep ravine and came to rest within inches of Berger, nearly killing him [1]. His oldest sister (in Coburg) to whom he had always been close, suddenly told her parents that she knew with certainty that her brother had suffered an accident, resulting at once in a telegram from his father about his well being. Berger was so impressed by this example of telepathy that he decided to devote his life to explore such ‘‘mental processes”, resulting in the discovery of the EEG in 1929 [2]. Early in Landolt’s article he made clear that he would not be dealing with ‘‘the highly interesting correlates in the paroxysmal manifestations of epilepsy”. This decision is unfortunate for the reviewer and the readership because many fascinating correlates could be found. Instead, the article will deal with the difficult area of mental processes. Landolt mentioned that the EEG of the ‘‘mentally deficient” shows no special waveforms and may be normal. However, we now have norms for background rhythm frequency at various ages that should always be at least 8 Hz by age 8 years. At times, some of these ‘‘mentally deficient patients” may have background frequencies that are below the normal limits for a given age, likely related to the mental deficiency. This would be one example of an association between the EEG and such a deficiency. The author refers to the relation between sleep and the EEG that is ‘‘not entirely strict”, especially ‘‘the feeling of sleepiness or the consciousness of falling asleep”. This comment suggests a loose relationship between the experience and the rhythms. However, frontal theta rhythms, even with some retained alpha, can be a sign of early sleepiness, but this alpha in a few seconds will then disappear, as another sign of drowsiness and likely appreciated by the patient. One other pattern, not from the brain, but easily seen on the EEG, are the slow eye movements that can also be a sign of ‘‘feeling of sleepiness”. Landolt was correct that the alpha will be absent ‘‘for a long time” when a subject opens his eyes. However, this reviewer in
Maturation of Auditory Abilities in Children

(1969). Maturation of Auditory Abilities in Children. International Audiology: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 59-71.
Leaf litter breakdown in a mountain stream impacted by a hypolimnetic release reservoir.

ABSTRACT The influence of a hypolimnetic reservoir discharge on breakdown of aspen (Populus tremuloides) leaves was investigated during the late summer and autumn at sites above and below a high mountain reservoir. During the two-year study, leaf packs (5-g envelopes) were secured to stream substrate in riffle/run areas. Leaves protected from invertebrates with fine mesh did not demonstrate differences in leaf loss between sites suggesting that microbial processing was equivalent. There were. however, significant differences in leaf loss in coarse mesh envelopes between sites, with losses higher at the site above the reservoir. Aquatic invertebrate communities colonizing the leaf packs also differed from above and below the reservoir suggesting that invertebrates played a role in the differing leaf loss. We hypothesize that during late summer and fall, leaf breakdown is slower below the reservoir because of the altered invertebrate community.
New concepts in potato harvesting

Dos cosechadoras de papa que ocasionan poco dano han sido disenadas para su uso en Idaho y Washington. Las maquinas incorporan una serie de conceptos para reducir magulladuras. Entre estos estan una cuchilla excavadora vibrante, control de velocidad independiente en cada cadena, una seccion excavadora extra larga para minimizar el angulo de ataque y el rodamiento hacia atras, una distancia de caida reducida en los puntos de transferencia, un rodillo volteador auxiliar en el eje del cabezal de la cadena primaria y elevadora de costado, la cual dota al tuberculo con una trayectoria hacia abajo y no hacia arriba, un mando lateral de retomo en la cadena primaria para reducir las caidas, un cargador oscilante, eliminacion de fugas desde el elevador lateral con la adicion de una faja antideslizante para ayudar a la elevacion de las tuberculos y un monitor de control de altura en la salida de descarga. Se presentan datos de campo de las campanas 1973 y 1974 los cuales dan una indication de la efectividad de estas innovaciones.
A method to acquire compliance monitors from regulations

Developing software systems in heavily regulated industries requires methods to ensure systems comply with regulations and law. A method to acquire finite state machines (FSM) from stakeholder rights and obligations for compliance monitoring is proposed. Rights and obligations define what people are permitted or required to do; these rights and obligations affect software requirements and design. The FSM allows stakeholders, software developers and compliance officers to trace events through the invocation of rights and obligations as pre- and post-conditions. Compliance is monitored by instrumenting runtime systems to report these events and detect violations. Requirements and software engineers specify the rights and obligations, and apply the method using three supporting tasks: 1) identify under-specifications, 2) balance rights with obligations, and 3) generate finite state machines. Preliminary validation of the method includes FSMs generated from U.S. healthcare regulations and tool support to parse these specifications and generate the FSMs.
Survival after resection for lung cancer is the outcome that matters

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Stage-specific survival is well documented in national data sets; however, there remains limited recording of longitudinal survival in individual centers. Methods The VistA Surgery Package was employed to list operations performed by the thoracic surgery service at one Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center. Results During a period of 107 months, 416 thoracic operations were performed, 211 of them for lung cancer. Stage distribution was 66% stage I, 18% stage II, 12% stage III, and 4% stage IV. During follow-up, 102 patients died, 57 of them from disease-specific causes. Median survival was 39 months for stage I. Disease-specific median survival was 83 months for stage I, and 5-year survival was 52% (72% for stage IA and 32% for stage IB). Conclusions Pulmonary resection offers high disease-free survival for early-stage lung cancer. Decentralized hospital computer programming (DHCP) allows individual oncology programs to reliably measure survival. Use of this important outcome measure in quality improvement programs facilitates realistic counseling of patients and meaningful assessments of practice effectiveness.
Microvascular Obstruction and Left Ventricular Remodeling Early After Acute Myocardial Infarction

The presence of microvascular obstruction (MO) within infarcted regions may adversely influence left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. This study examined whether the extent of MO directly alters the mechanical properties of the infarcted myocardium.
Elastin coacervate as a matrix for calcification.

Abstract A calcifying system has been developed which, for the first time, demonstrates the capacity of α-elastin, as the coacervate, to initiate calcification in an in vitro system. This is achieved with blocking the amino and carboxyl charged groups by N-formylation and O-methylation. The calcification system is of particular interest as it demonstrates the initiation of calcification after blockage of the charged amino and carboxyl groups. This leaves either neutral sites or the charged pyridinium moieties as the sites of initiation.
The role of values and objectives in communicating indicators of sustainability

Abstract Indicators can help package complex information into a usable form for public policy. We can think of no greater need for such clarity than the case of sustainability. The sustainability paradigm is applicable to the complex, urgent and interconnected problems we now face because of several characteristics. It is: (1) comprehensive and inclusive, (2) simple in concept and flexible, (3) value-based, and (4) an approach that necessitates consistency across policy areas. Indicators are needed to determine progress toward sustainability goals. In this paper, we argue that indicators of sustainability will only be effective if they support social learning by providing users with information they need in a form they can understand and relate to. These concepts also apply in other situations where policy makers must evaluate complex systems. We introduce a hierarchical control model, which is then used to demonstrate the path from values to objectives to actions and impacts, demonstrating the direct linkage from objectives to measures of the degree to which objectives have been reached. The model is extended first to sustainability goals and then to sustainability policies. We discuss the conceptual consistencies among the hierarchical model, sustainability theory and public policy processes. Using the concept of targeted indicators, we argue that science is effective when it is presented in a manner that is meaningful to the audience, and also represented in the context of their values and objectives. We conclude that the overlaps among policy, science and the publics’ values and objectives cannot be ignored. Policy, and particularly sustainability policy, is value driven. However, for the contextual application of those values to be realistic, society must understand the status and functioning of social, economic and environmental systems and be aware of the consequences of their choices. Policy makers will be more likely to create attainable policy goals if they understand the importance of interactions between the environment and society and the implications of choosing one objective over another. Achievement of the public’s objectives as embodied in policies can be facilitated through the use of indicators that have been derived from participatory processes, indicators that are chosen because they are meaningful to the public and reflect an understanding of their values and objectives.
A stabilizing factor for liver phosphofructokinase.

Abstract A labile, non-dialyzable factor is present in rat liver supernatant fluid which protects liver phosphofructokinase against thermal inactivation. The factor is not present in other tissues examined, except kidney, and does not affect the stability of other hepatic enzymes tested (glucokinase and pyruvate kinase). The level of the factor is decreased in starvation, where the in vivo degradation rate of phosphofructokinase is increased, and restored with refeeding. The level of factor and of phosphofructokinase also change in parallel with insulin deprivation and administration. These findings suggest that regulation of phosphofructokinase levels in the liver is mediated by alterations in the content of the protective factor.
Computing the unit group, class group, and compact representations in algebraic function fields

Number fields and global function fields have many similar properties. Both have many applications to cryptography and coding theory, and the main computational problems for number fields, such as computing the ring of integers and computing the class group and the unit group, have analogues over function fields. The complexity of the number field problems has been studied extensively and these problems have been the source of some exponential speedups by quantum computation. In this paper we study the analogous problems in function fields. We show that there are efficient quantum algorithms for computing the unit group, the class group and for solving the principal ideal problem in function fields of arbitrary degree. We show that compact representations exist, which allows us to show that the principal ideal problem is in NP. Unlike the number field case, we are also able to show that these compact representations can be computed efficiently.
Heat-transfer measurements in the shock-induced flow separation region in a supersonic nozzle.

Pressure and semilocal wall heat flux measurements in shock induced flow separation region in supersonic nozzle, noting shock waves-flow interaction
The crystal and molecular structure of BIS(1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dionato)-Di-n-butyltin(IV)

The crystal and molecular structure of bis(1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dianoto)di-n-butyltin(IV) has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray data by the heavy-atom method. The space group is P 2 1 / n . Unit cell constants are a 1117.56(30), b 857.87(16), c 1758.36(51) pm, and β 99.398(20)°. The observed density of the yellow crystals (m.p. 92–94°C) is 1.38 g ml −3 and requires two molecules per unit cell. The molecule has a center of symmetry. Refinement converged to give final discrepancy indices, R = 0.0481, R w = 0.0607; and goodness-of-fit ( GOF ) was 3.216 for 1688 observed reflections. The molecular skeleton about tin is a slightly distorted octahedron with bond distances: SnC, 212 pm; and SnO, 219 and 220 pm. The O(1)SnO(2) bond angle is 83.8°, and CSnO bond angles are very nearly 90°. The structural parameters are compared with those of other organotin complexes of similar stoichometry.
The International Dimensions of Everyday Black Political Participation

The extent to which everyday African American political participation operates across US borders is rarely examined. This article explores this phenomenon by asking if there is a relationship between the characteristics of black social movements outside the USA and how African American institutions encourage their constituencies inside the USA to participate politically. Through background research, the authors developed hypotheses about how independent variables relating to the ideology, tactics, and membership of the African independence movement relate to the dependent variable, participation encouragement, by African American institutions. In order to operationalize these measures, data were gathered through the African American Press Internationalism Study—a content analysis of 451 articles and editorials about the African independence movement that appeared in African American newspapers between 1957 and 1971.
Development of a Human Cranial Bone Surrogate for Impact Studies.

In order to replicate the fracture behavior of the intact human skull under impact it becomes necessary to develop a material having the mechanical properties of cranial bone. The most important properties to replicate in a surrogate human skull were found to be the fracture toughness and tensile strength of the cranial tables as well as the bending strength of the 3-layer (inner table-diploe-outer table) architecture of the human skull. The materials selected to represent the surrogate cranial tables consisted of two different epoxy resins systems with random milled glass fiber to enhance the strength and stiffness and the materials to represent the surrogate diploe consisted of three low density foams. Forty-one three-point bending fracture toughness tests were performed on nine material combinations. The materials that best represented the fracture toughness of cranial tables were then selected and formed into tensile samples and tested. These materials were then used with the two surrogate diploe foam materials to create the three layer surrogate cranial bone samples for three point bending tests. Drop tower tests were performed on flat samples created from these materials and the fracture patterns were very similar to the linear fractures seen in pendulum impacts of intact human skulls. The surrogate cranial tables had the quasi-static fracture toughness and tensile strength of 2.5 MPa√m and 53 ± 4.9 MPa, respectively, while the same properties of human compact bone were 3.1 ± 1.8 MPa√m and 68 ± 18 MPa, respectively. The cranial surrogate had a quasi-static bending strength of 68 ± 5.7 MPa, while that of cranial bone was 82 ± 26 MPa. This material/design is currently being used to construct spherical shell samples for drop tower and ballistic tests.
Obtaining "Informed" Consent from the Elderly:

Regardless of the age of the potential subjects, three conditions constitute informed consent: freedom to decide, clear information, and decision-making capacity. Numerous factors associated with the aging process affect elders' abilities to fulfill all of these conditions; however, as research involving the elderly increases, researchers must act responsibly to ensure that the rights and privileges of elderly research subjects are protected. There are numerous techniques researchers can use to increase the likelihood that truly informed consent is being obtained from elderly potential subjects; this article has described a few of these techniques. Many of the techniques mentioned require additional investigator time. Extra time to ensure this is a small price to pay for setting the stage for greater cooperation and increased quality of research. The development and dissemination of informed consent process guidelines geared toward the needs of the elderly would facilitate an individual researcher's efforts to protect elderly subjects.
Duodenal atresia associated with proximal jejunal perforations: a case report and review of the literature

Duodenal atresia is associated with Down's syndrome, malrotation, and congenital cardiac defects. Idiopathic intestinal perforations in a newborn, which are not associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), have been described. The authors report on a full-term neonate who had multiple perforations of the proximal jejunum distal to duodenal atresia. To the best of the authors knowledge, the combination of idiopathic intestinal perforation and duodenal atresia has not been reported previously.
The state of the North Asian real estate market: the rise in non‐performing loans, new investment vehicles and exit strategies and the need for government reforms

The slowdown in global economies, exacerbated by the 11 September attacks, together with the hesitancy, inconsistency and intransigence of both governments and lenders in dealing with non-performing loans (NPLs) has deepened the problems for Asia's already troubled economies. As the number of Asian NPLs has skyrocketed to an estimated US $2trn (an increase of 33 per cent in the last two years), the authors examine the reasons for the increase, discuss new exit strategies being tested in these markets and offer a prognosis for foreign investors in North Asian real estate. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications.
In case you missed it: benefits of attendee-shared annotations for non-attendees of remote meetings

Corporate meetings are increasingly being held remotely using web technologies. With such remote meetings being recorded and made available after the fact, there is a pressing need for tools to access and utilize these recordings efficiently. Our work explores the utility of using annotations generated by meeting attendees to meet this need. We conducted a controlled lab study to evaluate the benefits of sharing annotations. Attendee-created annotations were shared with non-attendees to assist them on typical information retrieval tasks. Results indicate that (a) non-attendees given access to shared annotations performed about as well as attendees provided with their own and shared annotations, (b) non-attendees were more confident in their responses when they used shared annotations as access cues into the recording than when they directly skimmed the video, and (c) attendees utilized shared annotations more than their own, with similar success and confidence as using their own annotations.
Influence of Different Cotton Fruit Sizes on Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Oviposition and Survival to Adulthood

Understanding the critical host plant factors that determine oviposition behavior and survival of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., is important for developing successful pest management strategies. However, published information is both conflicting and limited regarding how different cotton fruit sizes affect boll weevil oviposition choices and subsequent larval survival to adulthood. Consequently, we used a standard based on fruit size diameter to evaluate boll weevil feeding and oviposition punctures, and survival to adulthood on 10 different cotton fruit sizes: squares of diameter 1.5–2.0 (pinhead), 3.0–3.5 (matchhead), 5–6, 7–8, or 9–10 mm; candle; and bolls of diameter 10–15, 15–20, 20–30, or >30 mm. Oviposition and feeding punctures were significantly affected by cotton fruit size. Females did not oviposit in pinhead squares. The fewest eggs were oviposited in boll sizes >30 mm. The highest number of eggs was recorded in square sizes of 5–6 and 7–8 mm. Boll weevil survival to adulthood was highest on square sizes of 7–8 or 9–10 mm (58.6–59.7%). No survival occurred in matchhead squares or bolls >30 mm. Duration of development was longest on boll sizes of 15–20 and 20–30 mm (18.2–18.8 d). The growth index (percentage immature survival divided by immature developmental time) of female boll weevils was 2.8-fold higher in 7–8- or 9–10-mm diameter squares than in 20–30-mm diameter bolls. This study will improve our capacity to develop methods to predict fruit losses and changes in boll weevil populations in the field, given a starting density of fruit suitable for oviposition, and a corresponding initial population density of weevils.
Circular Migration and the Spaces of Cultural Assertion

Abstract Harnessing primary and secondary evidence from India, our essay conceptualizes the cultural dynamics of migration. In so doing, it demonstrates the incompleteness of standard marginalist and Marxist accounts of labor circulation. As a corrective, we examine the linkages between culture, politics, space, and labor mobility and offer a way to think about them by building on poststructural critiques of development and postcolonial theories of migrant subjectivity. The proverbial compression of space-time not only has made extralocal work more viable for members of proletarianized groups but, more importantly, has allowed them to transfer their experiences of new ways of being into local contexts through acts of consumption and labor deployment that can become elements of a Gramscian counterhegemonic praxis. We argue that the possibility of this sort of “body politics” compels not merely a critique of the modernization paradigm that has organized classical migration studies but, more profoundly, a re...
Current Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices for End Stage Heart Failure

Mechanical circulatory support is necessary when heart failure becomes refractory to medical support. It is typically instituted when organ dysfunction occurs as a result of hypoperfusion. Enthusiasm has recently developed for the role of mechanical circulatory support in the ever-growing population of heart failure patients. Indeed, efforts in developing this technology have allowed for the relatively recent development of a variety of complete circulatory support devices. The use of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) in patients with advanced heart failure results in a clinically meaningful survival benefit and an improved quality of life, and LVADs could be an acceptable alternative therapy for selected patients who are not candidates for cardiac transplantation. (Korean Circ J 2009; 39:1-10)
Atmospheric turbulence and airplane response in convective-type clouds

Measurements of atmospheric turbulence obtained from airplane flights through cumulus clouds and thunderstorms
Industrial medicine and acute musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 6. Occupational health for special populations.

Abstract This self-directed learning module highlights work-related injuries in specific patient populations that the physiatrist may encounter. This chapter focuses on evaluating work-related injuries in the aging and disabled population. Specific problems encountered in pregnant working women and the dental profession are also summarized. Specific biologic and/or environmental factors as they relate to workers in the specific populations are reviewed. Strategies for evaluation, rehabilitation, and health care management of these workers are discussed. Overall Article Objectives: (a) To be aware of specific needs and environmental factors for disabled, aging, pregnant, and dental workers and (b) to identify what may precipitate injury for disabled, aging, pregnant, and dental workers.
Self-Efficacy as a Longitudinal Predictor of Perceived Cognitive Impairment in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract Objectives To determine whether self-efficacy longitudinally predicts 2 types of perceived cognitive impairment (PCI) in multiple sclerosis (MS): general cognitive functioning and executive functioning; and secondarily to assess whether self-efficacy mediates the relationships between depression, fatigue, and PCI. Design Longitudinal analysis of self-report survey data collected over 3 years. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the relationship between self-efficacy and PCI, adjusting for depression and fatigue. Additional analyses tested self-efficacy as a mediator between depression, fatigue, and PCI. Setting Community. Participants Community-dwelling individuals with MS (N=233; age range, 22–83y) were recruited from a larger longitudinal survey study of individuals with MS (N=562). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Primary outcome measures were the Applied Cognition–General Concerns and the Applied Cognition–Executive Function domains of the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (NeuroQoL) measures. Results Self-efficacy was significantly correlated with PCI at baseline ( r =.40–.53) and 3 years later ( r =.36–.44). In multivariate regression analyses, self-efficacy was a significant longitudinal predictor of PCI, both for general cognitive functioning (β=.20, P P Conclusions Self-efficacy may influence how individuals with MS perceive their cognitive functioning over time. Interventions that target self-efficacy, particularly early in the disease course, may lead to improvements in PCI, as well as improvements in fatigue and depression.