cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE SPIDER NEVUS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

At the Mayo Clinic 711 children, ranging in age from birth to 15 years, were examined for the presence of spider nevi. The children were divided into three groups: normal controls, patients with chronic illness and patients with disease of the central nervous system. In the normal children, the incidence of spider nevi increased rapidly after 2 years of age to reach a plateau at about the time of puberty for both sexes. In children more than 13 years of age the incidence appeared to be decreasing, presumably toward the stated incidence of 12 to 15% in so-called normal adults. In normal children, spider nevi appeared to occur more frequently in pubertal females than in pubertal males. The incidence was increased in both sexes in patients more than 4 years of age with disease of the central nervous system. In patients with chronic illnesses, there was no significant increase in spider nevi, but the ratio of pubertal females to pubertal males was reversed. The anatomic distribution in all groups differed from that of adults, the dorsum of the hands and forearms being the sites of predilection in children. In view of the frequency of these lesions in childhood, it appears that the presence of spider nevi in otherwise healthy children is an insignificant stigma.
BIOETHICS AND WOMEN: ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN

Introduction -- Pt. I. A bioethics for women -- Ch. 1. An egalitarian overview -- Diverse approaches to bioethics -- Verities, variables, and maxims -- Conceptions of justice -- Standpoint theory and its implications for just caring -- Privileging women's standpoint in our health care -- Ch. 2. Distinguishing features of women's health care -- Some sex and gender differences -- Models of the practitioner-patient relationship -- Possible modifications of principlist and casuistic methods -- Who is the patient? -- Patients and "dependent moral status" -- Guidelines and regulations -- Ch. 3. Different starting points, standpoints, end points -- Key terms -- Meaning and significance of moral status -- Moral relevance of the gestational tie and other relationships -- Personhood and potential for personhood -- Thresholds of development and moral status -- Intermediate positions about moral status -- Pt. II. Topics, issues, and cases -- Ch. 4. Preconception and prenatal decisions -- Preconception counseling -- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis -- Prenatal testing -- Misattributed paternity and carrier testing -- Sex selection -- Ch. 5. Medically assisted reproduction -- Criteria for patient selection -- Gamete "donation" and "surrogacy" -- Disposition of in vitro embryos -- Multiple gestations -- Ch. 6. Noncompliance during Pregnancy -- Refusal of hospitalization -- Dietary noncompliance -- Refusal of cesarean section -- Ch. 7. Decisions at parturition and birth -- Mode of delivery -- Cesarean sections for nonmedical reasons -- Decisions for impaired or very premature newborns -- Sex assignment at birth -- 8. Treatment of minors -- Teenage pregnancy and motherhood -- Confidentiality issues -- Ritual female genital surgery -- Eating disorders -- Ch. 9. Preventing pregnancy and birth -- Contraception and sterilization -- Abortion -- Ch. 10. Violence and discrimination toward women and children -- Child abuse and neglect -- Elderly abuse and neglect -- Violence against women -- Gender discrimination and sexual harassment -- Ch. 11. Nonreproductive health issues -- HIV testing and AIDS -- Breast and gynecological cancers -- Menopause and hormone replacement therapy -- Ch. 12. Care of the elderly and end-of-life care -- Health-related issues -- Caregiver issues -- End-of-life decisions -- Ch. 13. Research Issues -- Women as research subjects -- Maternal-fetal surgery -- Cloning and stem cell research -- Pt. III. An egalitarian deal -- Ch. 14. Virtue and gender justice in health care -- Recapping the perspective -- Obligations, virtues, and ideals -- Individual decision-making and an egalitarian ideal -- Virtue in women's health care -- Notes -- Index
Preparation of O‐Allyl‐N‐(9‐Anthracenylmethyl)cinchonidinium Bromide as a Phase Transfer Catalyst for the Enantioselective Alkylation of Glycine Benzophenone Imine tert‐Butyl Ester: (4S)‐2‐(Benzhydrylidenamino)pentanedioic Acid, 1‐tert‐Butyl Ester‐5‐Methyl Ester

O-Allyl-N-(9-anthracenylmethyl) cinchonidium bromide 9-Chloromethylanthracene N-(Diphenylmethylene) glycine tert butyl ester (4S)-2-(Benzhydrylideneamino)pentanedioic acid, 1-tert-butyl ester-5-methyl ester Keywords: phase transfer catalyst; alkylation; butyl esters; allyl bromides; enantioselective reaction; methyl acetate; cinchona alkaloids
Perceived Teacher Acceptance, Parental Acceptance, Academic Achievement, and School Conduct of Middle School Students in the Mississippi Delta Region of the United States

This study investigated the effects of perceived teacher acceptance as well as perceived maternal and paternal acceptance on the academic achievement and school conduct of 362 seventh-grade adolescents in the Mississippi Delta region of the United States. Results showed a significant correlation between perceived teacher acceptance and boys’ (but not girls’) overall grade point average (GPA). Perceived maternal acceptance (but not paternal acceptance) also correlated with boys’ GPA. Neither maternal nor paternal acceptance, however, was correlated with girls’ academic achievement. However, the more accepting both girls and boys perceived their teachers to be, the better behaved teachers reported the students to be. Finally, results of simple multiple regression analysis showed that perceived teacher acceptance contributed significantly and independently to variations in both school conduct and GPA among boys, but not girls.
Cleavage of Bovine Brain Microtubule-Associated Protein-2 by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteinase

The high-molecular-weight dendritic cytoskeletal protein known as microtubule-associated protein (MAP)-2 displays the capacity to stimulate tubulin polymerization and to associate with microtubules. Serine proteases cleave MAP-2 into a C-terminal M(r) 28,000-35,000 microtubule-binding fragment and a larger N-terminal M(r) 240,000 projection-arm region. We now show that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteinase also progressively degrades purified MAP-2 in vitro. This proteolysis reaction is characterized by transient accumulation of at least six intermediates, and most abundant of these is an M(r) 72,000 species that retains the ability to associate with taxol-stabilized microtubules. Treatment of this M(r) 72,000 species with thrombin releases the same M(r) 28,000 component as that derived from thrombin action on intact high-molecular-weight MAP-2, indicating that the viral aspartoproteinase action preferentially occurs further toward the N-terminus. The association of the M(r) 72,000 component with microtubules can be disrupted by the presence of a 21-amino acid peptide analogue of the second repeated sequence in the MAP-2 microtubule-binding region. We also studied HIV proteinase action on MAP-2 in the presence of tubulin and other MAPs that recycle with tubulin, and contrary to other published studies we found no effect of such treatment on microtubule self-assembly behavior. Cleavage of isolated MAP-2 by the HIV enzyme at high salt concentrations, followed by desalting and addition of tubulin, also resulted in microtubule assembly, albeit with slightly reduced efficiency.
A fast algorithm for spectral differentiation

A simple algorithm is presented for matrix multiplication in just over half the number of operations entailed by the conventional algorithm, in cases where the matrix possesses the degree of symmetry widely exhibited by derivative matrices. The algorithm is used to multiply the Chebyshev derivative matrix by a vector. For the larger values of n, the ratio of execution times approached the expected value of 2.
Localization of electromagnetic waves in random media

The Helmholtz equation is the starting point to study an electromagnetic wave scattered by a random medium. For the special case of local scatterers a random matrix representation is derived. After a brief review of the concepts of weak localization (i.e. coherent backscattering) and strong (or Anderson) localization, an example for localization of electromagnetic waves in a one-dimensional array of scatterers is discussed using a numerical calculation.
Political Widowhood in the United States: An Empirical Assessment of Underlying Assumptions of Representation

One of the earliest paths to power for women in the United States Congress was through political widowhood. In fact, this route to office still exists today. While literature on widows primarily explores factors associated with their entrances into Congress, this article examines their actions once in office by comparing their behavior to that of their late husbands. Specific questions explored include: do widows share the same political ideologies as their husbands? Do they vote differently on policy issues, particularly those considered important to women? Are they more likely to sponsor women's issues bills? Examining differences among these pairs offers a unique test for assessing the potential gender differences between male and female legislators. Thus its significance extends beyond the literature on political widows, and adds to the growing research assessing the impact of gender on the substantive representation of women.
Designing marine protected areas for migrating fish stocks

This paper extends an earlier analysis and presents an investigation of how migration rates affect the performance of various types of management regimes with respect to economic yield and conservation benefits. Particular emphasis is placed on evaluating the geometric design of marine protected areas (MPAs). Earlier results have shown that MPAs are only likely to provide significant benefits when they are used in conjunction with direct catch or effort controls, unless they are quite large and cover most of the resource in question. Conversely, catch and effort controls are far more effective when protected areas are included in the management regime as a buffer against uncertainty. Dispersal of reproduction (recruitment) to other areas is an important expected benefit of protected areas, but such dispersal increases the variability of the effects of the area protection. If fishing mortality rates outside of the protected area are not controlled then dispersal can result in nullifying some of the benefits of the protected area. Similarly, adult migration increases the variability in the results when an area is protected and critically depends upon an overall control of fishing mortality outside the area. For both dispersal and migration separately or in combination, however, there are clear benefits to using MPAs in conjunction with catch or effort controls. These benefits are expressed in terms of long-term yield and recovery probabilities. In addition, short-term yield declines relatively slowly with increasing area protected. Design of the protected areas is seen to be important since using contiguous areas provide greater protection against overfishing than protected areas in isolation.
Performance monitoring of model-predictive controllers via model residual assessment

Abstract Model quality is a main factor that affects the control performance of model-based controllers. In this paper, a new closed-loop model assessment approach is proposed to assess model deficiency from routine closed-loop data. The proposed model quality index is a minimum variance benchmark for the model residuals obtainable from closed-loop data. From the feedback invariant principle the disturbance innovations are shown to be unaffected by the feedback controller. Then it is shown that the disturbance innovations can be estimated from closed loop data by an orthogonal projection of the current output onto the space spanned by past outputs, inputs or setpoints. With the estimated disturbance innovations as the benchmark, a model quality index is developed by using the ratio of a quadratic form of model residuals and that of the estimated disturbance innovations. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated by simulations.
Multiple Scattering in a Non-Homogeneous, Rayliegh Atmosphere

Abstract Numerical computations related to the problem of diffuse reflection and transmission of the solar ultraviolet radiation by the earth's atmosphere in the presence of ozone have been carried out to include all orders of scattering. A part of the computations is presented to show the strong and variable effect of multiple scattering on umkehr observations.
Elucidation of catalytic specificities of human cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase enzymes and relevance to molecular epidemiology.

Abstract A number of different approaches have been used to determine the catalytic selectivity of individual human enzymes toward procarcinogens. Studies with cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and glutathione S-transferases are summarized here, and recent work with pyrrolizidine alkaloids, aflatoxins, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), and ethyl carbamate is discussed. In some cases a single enzyme can catalyze both activation and detoxication reactions of a chemical. The purification and characterization of human lung P4501A1 and the development of a noninvasive assay for human P4502E1 are also described.
The Cyclic AMP-Dependent Catabolite Repression System of Serratia marcescens Mediates Biofilm Formation through Regulation of Type 1 Fimbriae

The mechanisms by which environmental carbon sources regulate biofilm formation are poorly understood. This study investigates the roles of glucose and the catabolite repression system in Serratia marcescens biofilm formation. The abilities of this opportunistic pathogen to proliferate in a wide range of environments, to cause disease, and to resist antimicrobials are linked to its ability to form biofilms. We observed that growth of S. marcescens in glucose-rich medium strongly stimulated biofilm formation, which contrasts with previous studies showing that biofilm formation is inhibited by glucose in Escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria. Glucose uptake is known to inversely mediate intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) synthesis through regulation of adenylate cyclase (cyaA) activity, which in turn controls fundamental processes such as motility, carbon utilization and storage, pathogenesis, and cell division in many bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that mutation of catabolite repression genes that regulate cAMP levels (crr and cyaA) or the ability to respond to cAMP (crp) confers a large increase in biofilm formation. Suppressor analysis revealed that phenotypes of a cAMP receptor protein (crp) mutant require the fimABCD operon, which is responsible for type 1 fimbria production. Consistently, fimA transcription and fimbria production were determined to be upregulated in a cyaA mutant background by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The regulatory pathway by which environmental carbon sources influence cAMP concentrations to alter production of type 1 fimbrial adhesins establishes a novel mechanism by which bacteria control biofilm development.
The VISION digital video library

The goal of the VISION (Video Indexing for Searching Over Networks) project is to demonstrate the technology necessary for a comprehensive, online digital video library. We have developed automatic mechanisms to populate the library and provide content-based search and retrieval of video over computer networks. The salient feature of our approach is the integrated application of mature image or video processing, information retrieval, speech feature extraction and word-spotting technologies for efficient creation and exploration of the library materials. First, full-motion video is captured in real time with flexible qualities to meet the requirements of library patrons connected via a wide range of network bandwidths. Then, the videos are automatically segmented into a number of logically meaningful video clips by our novel two-step algorithm based on video and audio contents. A closed caption decoder has also been incorporated into the system to extract textual information to index the video clips by their contents. Finally, all information is stored in a full-text information retrieval system for content-based exploration of the library over networks of varying bandwidths.
Impact of RTOS parameters on end-to-end timing performance

For accurate end-to-end (e2e) analysis of a real-time embedded system (RTES), we need a method to precisely reflect the effects of the underlying real-time operating system (RTOS). In timing analysis, RTOS can be viewed as a matrix of parameters that could affect the timing of the RTES. In this paper, we consider various RTOS parameters that may affect the temporal behavior of the RTES, and propose RTOS modeling as a viable approach to account for the impact of RTOS on e2e timing.
Performance Accuracy of Hand-on-needle versus Hand-on-syringe Technique for Ultrasound-guided Regional Anesthesia Simulation for Emergency Medicine Residents

Objectives: Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks (UGNBs) are increasingly used in emergency care. The hand-on-syringe (HS) needle technique is ideally suited to the Emergency Department setting because it allows a single operator to perform the block without assistance. The HS technique is assumed to provide less exact needle control than the alternative two operator hand-on-needle (HN) technique; however this assumption has never been directly tested. The primary objective of this study was to compare accuracy of needle targeting under ultrasound guidance by Emergency Medicine (EM) residents using HN and HS techniques on a standardized gelatinous simulation model. Methods: This prospective, randomized study evaluated task performance. Needle targeting accuracy using the HN and HS techniques was compared. Each participant performed a set of structured needling maneuvers (both simple and difficult) on a standardized partial-task simulator. Time to task completion, needle visualization during advancement, and accuracy of needle tip at targeting were evaluated. Resident technique preference was assessed using a post-task survey. Results: 60 tasks performed by 10 EM residents were evaluated. There was no significant difference in time to complete the simple model (HN vs. HS, 18 seconds vs. 18 seconds, p=0.93), time to complete the difficult model (HN vs. HS, 56 seconds vs. 50 seconds, p=0.63), needle visualization, or needle tip targeting accuracy. Most residents (60%) preferred the HS technique. Conclusion: For EM residents learning UGNBs, the HN technique was not associated with superior needle control. Our results suggest that the single operator HS technique provides equivalent needle control when compared to the two-operator HN technique.
Excision of products of oxidative DNA base damage by human NTH1 protein.

A functional human homologue of Escherichia coli endonuclease III (Nth-Eco protein) has recently been cloned and characterized [Aspinwall, R., Rothwell, D. G., Roldan-Arjona, T., Anselmino, C., Ward, C. J., Cheadle, J. P., Sampson, J. R., Lindahl, T., Harris, P. C., and Hickson, I. D. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94, 109−114]. This enzyme, designated hNTH1 protein, shares an extensive sequence similarity with Nth-Eco protein and a related enzyme from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Nth-Spo protein). We investigated the substrate specificity of this human enzyme for oxidative DNA base damage, using the technique of gas chromatography/isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. Four different DNA substrates damaged by various free radical-generating systems were used. 5-Hydroxycytosine, thymine glycol, 5-hydroxy-6-hydrothymine, 5,6-dihydroxycytosine, and 5-hydroxyuracil were substrates of hNTH1 protein among 17 lesions found in DNA substrates. The substrate specificity and excision kinetics of the human enzyme ...
Characteristics of a novel method, inert gas step addition, for the investigation of gas-phase mass-transfer effects in a molten carbonate fuel cell

Abstract This work illuminated characteristics of the inert gas step addition (ISA) method with various time ranges of reactant-flow shift in a 100 cm 2 class molten carbonate fuel cell. The flow shift caused by the volume between the addition port for the inert gas and the cell was controlled by the length of 0.6 cm tubes in a range from 0.8 to 4.8 m at the anode as well as the cathode. Anodic voltage peaks provoked by the inert gas addition depended on the tube length and became blunt at longer tube lengths, indicating that the anodic overpotential is a function of reactant flow rate. The anodic overpotential estimated by the ISA depended on the tube length, but it became a constant at longer tubes. The cathode showed a flat peak at the moment of inert gas addition regardless of the tube length, indicating that the cathode has a relatively small gas-phase mass-transfer resistance. The cathodic overpotential with ISA showed an insignificant dependence on tube length.
Influence of nanostructure on light gas separations in cross-linked lyotropic liquid crystal membranes

Novel, nanostructured lyotropic liquid crystal polymer membranes were fabricated, characterized and tested for their performance in separations involving CO2, N2, O2, CH4 and H2. Freestanding, cross-linked films with and without an ordered hexagonal nanostructure, but with the same chemical composition, exhibit different gas solubility, diffusion and permeability properties. The presence of an ordered nanostructure was observed to slow diffusion of all gases, but increase solubility and permselectivity in CO2-based separations. In systems with an ordered nanostructure, CO2 permeability was 5.2 Barrers and CO2/N2 separation selectivity was 27. For membranes with the same chemical composition, but lacking an ordered hexagonal nanostructure, permeability rose slightly to 6.9 Barrers, but CO2/N2 separation selectivity dropped to 21. A similar trend was also observed for CO2/CH4 separation. In separations with gases other than CO2, no permselectivity differences were observed between the two membranes. A model explaining these trends is also presented.
Nucleotides and the adenylate energy charge as indicators of stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) subjected to a range of dissolved oxygen concentrations

Abstract Liver nucleotides (ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP), the adenylate energy charge (AEC), total adenylate concentration (TA), and IMP-load were used as measures of stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) acclimated to normoxic (10.0 mg/l), hypoxic (6.5 mg/l), and supersaturated (13.0 mg/l) dissolved oxygen concentrations and subjected to a challenge by confinement. Liver ATP (783.0 nmol/g) was significantly different in the normoxic fish compared to either hyperoxic (447.7 nmol/g) or hypoxic (402.0 nmol/g) fish at the end of the confinement. Within 6.0 hr in the confinement, liver AEC in the normoxic fish increased significantly (0.58) compared to hypoxic (0.42) and hyperoxic fish (0.42). Similarly, the IMP-load in normoxic fish (0.16) decreased to near prestress levels by 6.0 hr in confinement compared to either the hypoxic (0.31) or hyperoxic (0.30) fish. Nucleotides in liver were significantly affected by the dissolved oxygen treatments and the confinement stress in contrast to the muscle nucleotides which were not.
A new fission product: 74Ga

Abstract The 8 min 74Ga has been separated from the fission products of 235U. This is believed to be the first observation of mass 74 in the fission process. The gallium activity was characterized as 74Ga by comparison of its γ-ray spectrum with that obtained from (n,p)-produced 74Ga. Chemical separation of the 74Ga was effected by a combination of extraction, volatilization, ion-exchange, and precipitation steps. Its fission yield has been determined to be about 3·4 × 10−4 per cent, in good agreement with the yield expected for mass 74 from interpolation of the smooth mass-fission yield curve for 235U.
Discussion of "A means for studying mandibular movements".

Abstract Each link in the entire chain can affect the accuracy of reproduction. The attachment of the face-bow to the teeth, the deflection of the face-bow due to static load, the inherent friction of the ball joint of the transducer, the instability of the light source and solar cells, the conversion of light energy to an electric pulse, and, finally, the quality of the tape itself can contribute individually and in total to exceed the measurement limits imposed by the dental profession. As the measuring instrument has been engineered and constructed, the accuracy of the tape recording is 0.0025 inch. If this figure is doubled to include the playback, we will still have an over-all error of less than 0.15 mm.
Winning at the polls and in the polls: the incumbency advantage in surveys of U.S. house voters

Abstract The success of House incumbents at the polls is well known and has been studied extensively. This paper focuses on the incumbents' success in the polls: the support bestowed upon incumbents by survey respondents is substantially higher than that received from the voters. The incumbency advantage at the polls, estimated at about 10% in the most recent elections, is almost doubled when measured in the polls. The data, drawn from the 1982–1996 National Election Studies, show that respondents do not reward all winners; candidates elected to open seats have not benefitted from the kind of bounce consistently enjoyed by winning incumbents. In addition, the pattern of respondents' misreports appears to be inconsistent with earlier explanations based on instrument effects. Respondent bias should be accounted for in order to reach correct estimates of the incumbency advantage in individual-level data.
A Comparison of Alternative Creep Force Models for Rail Vehicle Dynamic Analysis

(1983). A Comparison of Alternative Creep Force Models for Rail Vehicle Dynamic Analysis. Vehicle System Dynamics: Vol. 12, No. 1-3, pp. 79-83.
Incorporation of Cesium Borocaptate onto Silicon Nanowires as a Delivery Vehicle for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

We investigate here the growth and stability of the cesium salt of borocaptate (BSH), a clinically utilized drug for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), onto the surface of SiNWs via a facile anodic bias process. The results show that the boron concentration present on the SiNWs is about 6 orders higher than the typical boron concentrations in tumor tissue after IV administration with free BSH.
Chemical characterization and source apportionment of indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in retirement communities of the Los Angeles Basin

Concurrent indoor and outdoor measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were conducted at three retirement homes in the Los Angeles Basin during two separate phases (cold and warm) between 2005 and 2006. Indoor-to-outdoor relationships of PM2.5 chemical constituents were determined and sources of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were evaluated using a molecular marker-based chemical mass balance (MM-CMB) model. Indoor levels of elemental carbon (EC) along with metals and trace elements were found to be significantly affected by outdoor sources. EC, in particular, displayed very high indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) mass ratios accompanied by strong I/O correlations, illustrating the significant impact of outdoor sources on indoor levels of EC. Similarly, indoor levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and steranes were strongly correlated with their outdoor components and displayed I/O ratios close to unity. On the other hand, concentrations of n-alkanes and organic acids inside the retirement communities were dominated by indoor sources (e.g. food cooking and consumer products), as indicated by their I/O ratios, which exceeded unity. Source apportionment results revealed that vehicular emissions were the major contributor to both indoor and outdoor PM2.5, accounting for 39 and 46% of total mass, respectively. Moreover, the contribution of vehicular sources to indoor levels was generally comparable to its corresponding outdoor estimate. Other water-insoluble organic matter (other WIOM), which accounts for emissions from uncharacterized primary biogenic sources, displayed a wider range of contributions, varying from 2 to 73% of PM2.5, across all sites and phases of the study. Lastly, higher indoor than outdoor contribution of other water-soluble organic matter (other WSOM) was evident at some of the sites, suggesting the production of secondary aerosols as well as direct emissions from primary sources (including cleaning or other consumer products) at the indoor environments.
Stepfamilies and the Law: Legal Ambiguities and Suggestions for Reform

Cherlin's (1978) argument that stepfamilies are incomplete as far as the legal system is concerned is still valid and relevant today. This review of literature discusses the ambiguous role stepparents have in the legal system, both in intact and divorced stepfamilies. Legal scholars and social science researchers' suggestions to help stepfamilies find their place within the legal system are also included to show the variation of the proposed solutions. Scholars seem uncertain as to how to accomplish the task of changing laws to benefit stepfamilies, but agree that laws need to give more authority and recognition to the stepparent role.
Workplace Spirituality and the Selling Organization: A Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions

The past few years have witnessed a proliferation of articles on spirituality and its relevance for business. A growing trend in spirituality research is an emphasis on spirituality in the workplace. Theoretical and empirical support is emerging on how workplace spirituality infl uences both employee and organizational outcomes. However, the sales literature has not yet integrated the dimensions of workplace spirituality into its frameworks. Therefore, drawing on existing theoretical foundations, we propose a conceptual framework that illustrates the role of workplace spirituality in selling organizations. We present relevant testable research propositions, guidelines for future research, and implications for practice.
Detection of natural oil slicks in the NW Gulf of Mexico using MODIS imagery

[i] We demonstrate the unique capability of the MODIS instruments in detecting oil slicks in an open ocean environment. On 13 May 2006, in the NW Gulf of Mexico where water depth ranges from 50 to 2500 m, one 250-m resolution MODIS image showed at least 164 surface slicks under sun glint (glint reflectance, L g , ranged between 0.0001 and 0.06 sr -1 ). After discounting other possible causes, we believe these are the result of natural seeps. Our analysis showed total coverage of ∼1900 km 2 , with individual slicks varying in surface area (1.1.7 ± 14.8 km 2 ) and length (19.2 ± 12.4 km). Concurrent SAR imagery showed similar area estimates to within 30%. This estimate, based on a single image, is higher than earlier estimates from a database of multi-date SAR images for the same region. Inspection of >200 images for the month of May between 2000 and 2008 revealed similar slicks on at least 50 images. On 2 June 2005, slicks were detected under sun glint with both negative contrast (L g 0.05 sr -1 ). These slicks could not be detected in glint-free MODIS images collected on the same day. Because of the near-daily revisit and wide sun glint coverage (e.g., >800 km E-W between March and October at 25°N), systematic and global application of the MODIS 250-m imagery can help locate natural seeps and improve estimates of seepage rates in the world's ocean.
ROCS: Receiver Operating Characteristic Surface for Class-Skewed High-Throughput Data

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is an important tool to gauge the performance of classifiers. In certain situations of high-throughput data analysis, the data is heavily class-skewed, i.e. most features tested belong to the true negative class. In such cases, only a small portion of the ROC curve is relevant in practical terms, rendering the ROC curve and its area under the curve (AUC) insufficient for the purpose of judging classifier performance. Here we define an ROC surface (ROCS) using true positive rate (TPR), false positive rate (FPR), and true discovery rate (TDR). The ROC surface, together with the associated quantities, volume under the surface (VUS) and FDR-controlled area under the ROC curve (FCAUC), provide a useful approach for gauging classifier performance on class-skewed high-throughput data. The implementation as an R package is available at http://userwww.service.emory.edu/~tyu8/ROCS/.
Electricity in Curved Space-time

IT is often thought that the theory of curved space-time (general relativity theory) accounts for gravitation but does not account for the electromagnetic phenomena. This is not so.
A Determination of the Composition of the Venus Clouds from Aircraft Observations in the Near Infrared

Summary of the evidence showing that the first optical depth of the Venus cloud layer is composed of a water solution of sulfuric acid, including earlier aircraft observations of Venus' reflectivity in the region from 1 to 4 microns obtained at a phase angle of 120 deg. Analyses of these aircraft results indicated that of all the proposed cloud candidates only a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 75% or more H2SO4 by weight was consistent with the observed 3-micron cloud feature. Aircraft observations of Venus are presented which were obtained in the same spectral region at a phase angle of 40 deg and in the region from 3 to 6 microns at a phase angle of 136 deg. Comparing the two sets of observations in the region from 1 to 4 microns, a striking phase effect is found: the reflectivity is much lower in the 3-micron region and there is a much more marked decline between 1.3 and 2.5 microns for the data obtained at the smaller phase angle. The observations made at the 40-deg phase angle are consistent with the theoretical behavior of a sulfuric acid cloud and imply that the sulfuric acid is present to at least many tens of optical depth below the cloud tops. Arguments concerning the concentration of the solution are reviewed, and it is concluded that the best current estimate is about 85% H2SO4 by weight.
Behavioral Health Aides in Rural Alaska: Their Experience in Caring for Alaska Native Cancer Survivors

The Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium conducted a statewide survey of rural community behavioral health aides (BHAs) within the tribal health system to assess their need for psychological and emotional support training for their work with cancer survivors. An electronic survey was distributed to all 114 rural BHAs in Alaska. They were asked about cancer survivors living in their community, whether they had been called to provide counseling to those survivors and about their comfort level in addressing cancer-related emotional issues and concerns experience by the patients and their families. Sixty-one (54 %) BHAs responded, 62 % knew of cancer survivors in their community, and 88 % of whom agreed that it is their job to provide support to those cancer survivors. Of the 47 % of BHAs who had provided counseling to cancer survivors, 63 % noted a lack of adequate training about how to provide that counseling. Dealing with “emotional concerns” was reported as the most difficult issue. Almost all (98 %) reported that they would likely participate in training to improve counseling skills. Most BHAs in rural Alaska know of a cancer survivor in their community and may be called on to provide mental health services, but few report adequate training in how to provide these services. Given the remote locations in which many BHAs work and the lack of local resources to guide them, more education is needed about how to support cancer survivors. This study provides information to help guide development of content of that education.
The growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and five of its variants as affected by several nitrogen sources.

The phenomenon of variation in the imperfect fungi has long been recognized. It is especially important because the identifica? tion of the various species depends largely on their appearance in culture, and failure to take cognizance of the variation displayed by most species in laboratory culture has led to a great deal of confusion in their taxonomy. Skinner, Emmons, and Tsuchiya (4) estimate that the number of true species can perhaps be reduced to one tenth of the reported number by a critical comparison of strains and a proper evaluation of variability. Like many other imperfect fungi, Trichophyton mentagrophytes gives rise to pleomorphic variants as the culture increases in age. These can be distinguished by rate of growth, morphology of colony, pigment production, microscopic appearance, and physiological characteristics. Nine such variants were isolated by Robbins and McVeigh (3) and have been maintained in culture apparently unchanged since their isolation. Little work has been done on the nutrition of variants of imper? fect fungi from a comparative standpoint. Robbins and Ma (1)
Extradural spinal meningioma: MRI

We report a case of extradural spinal meningioma with pathologically proven features of malignant transformation. The MRI findings of extradural spinal meningioma and differences in the findings from intradural meningiomas are discussed.
Ruins in motion

This essay examines fragments of a type of medieval Iberian poetry discarded in the storage room or Genizah of a Cairo synagogue. I argue that rather than having suffered a single fragmentation, the poems, known as muwashshahas, have been modified and broken apart according to the interests of their diverse users. To examine the mobility of these poems across multiple cultures, religions, and vast geographies and temporalities, in addition to the creative, material, and scholarly motivations that led to their successive fragmentations, I examine poems of or related to Yehuda Halevi and Moshe ibn Ezra.
Thin Layer Formation Studied by Angular Dependent X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Angular Dependedent X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (ADXPS) provides a method for inves-tigating thin (less than 10A) surface layers without the need for destructive depth profiling. In addition, surface chemical environments can be identified and their chemical shifts monitored as a function of angle. The ability to examine samples at very low angles (less than 10°) is important if one is to distinguish the type and extent of surface coverage. A study of passivation methods on beryllium surfaces by ADXPS shows that conventional treatments passivate the surface with a thinner oxide layer than air exposure but leave additional chemical residues. A study of thin native oxides on silicon by ADXPS was compared with different mathematical models for the surface. The experimental data for two different sample treatments could be reasonably well fit by simple models.
Techniques for the analysis of aging signatures of silica-filled siloxanes

Abstract Degradation mechanisms for complex polymer systems are often subtle and difficult to detect, yet a precise understanding of their effect on a polymer component's macroscopic performance is necessary for understanding aging behavior. Furthermore, predictions of the engineering performance of aged components are prone to large errors when the service lifetimes are much greater than the duration of laboratory aging tests, especially when multiple degradation mechanisms contribute to the overall aging. In order to avoid these errors, lifetime-performance models for components are needed that acknowledge the changes brought about by aging or damage over many size domains, from the macroscopic to the molecular level. We are studying a silica-filled siloxane foam using techniques which link aging and damage over several size domains in order to improve our material/component lifetime predictions. Parameters such as radiation-induced crosslinking, changes in motional dynamics caused by desiccation, and mechanical damage are incorporated into Finite Element Analysis codes and combined with computed tomographic data to provide “age-aware” models and predictive capability at the component level.
Resistant Pneumococcus: a worldwide problem.

The presence of resistant pneumococcal organisms has become a major problem in the world today. These organisms are responsible for changing the methodology required for susceptibility testing and for the newly proposed guidelines for resistance. These newly proposed MICs are still under consideration because of the limited data used for their establishment. The treatment of resistant pneumococcal infections outside of the central nervous system is not yet well standardized. Central nervous system infections should be approached with care and a knowledge of current recommendations for their therapy. We expect changes in the recommendations for therapy over the coming years until a standardized approach can be established.
From Home to Home Page: New Challenges to Basic Notions of Privacy and Property

The notion of "home" is a critical organizing principle for how we understand the relationship between individuals and society at large. A wide range of cultural and legal practices enshrine the home with various protections that ensure us a degree of privacy, security, solitude, and control over our lives there. As our private papers migrate to the Web, activities that we could previously conduct in "private" have seemingly been thrown open to unfettered public view. Additionally, as increasingly powerful communication technologies reach into our homes, places that were once private become more connected to public life
Fragment interactions in nuclear disassembly

Abstract The importance of interfragment forces in nuclear multifragment systems is examined in the hard-sphere idealization. Commonly used approximations for the effective volume and the Coulomb energy are examined, and improved one-body approximations are presented.
All-Particle Multiscale Computation of Hypersonic Rarefied Flow for Mars Entry

Hypersonic aerothermodynamics for a probe entering a planetary atmosphere is an important issue in space exploration. The probe experiences various Knudsen number regimes, ranging from rarefied to continuum, due to density variation in the planet’s atmosphere. To simulate such multiscale flows, a novel hybrid particle scheme is employed in the present work. The hybrid particle scheme employs the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method in rarefied flow regions and the low diffusion (LD) particle method in continuum flow regions. Numerical procedures in the low diffusion particle method are implemented within an existing DSMC algorithm. The hybrid scheme is assessed by studying Mach 10 nitrogen flow over a sphere with a global Knudsen number of 0.002. Using the same mesh, the hybrid scheme results show good overall agreement with results from standard DSMC computation. Subcell procedures are utilized to improve computational efficiency and reduce sensitivity to DSMC cell size in the hybrid scheme. The LD-DSMC approach is also assessed by comparing hybrid results obtained using different cell sizes.
Relationship between increased personal well-being and enhanced empathy among internal medicine residents

BACKGROUND While resident distress and its potential to negatively effect patient care have been well documented, little is known bout resident well-being or its potential to enhance care.
Comparison of Ethylene Glycol Steam Reforming Over Pt and NiPt Catalysts on Various Supports

Steam reforming of ethylene glycol (EG) was studied on Pt and NiPt catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3, TiO2, and carbon. On all supports bimetallic NiPt catalysts show higher activity for H2 production than the corresponding Pt catalysts as predicted from model surface science studies. The kinetic trends are similar for all catalysts (Pt and NiPt) with the H2 production rate being zero-order and fractional order with respect to water and ethylene glycol, respectively. Slight differences in selectivity to minor products are observed depending both on active metal and support. On γ-Al2O3, NiPt shows higher H2 and less alkane formation than Pt. TiO2 supported catalysts show increased water-gas shift activity but also increased selectivity to alkane precursors. NiPt/C is identified as an active and selective catalyst for EG reforming.
In vitro Metabolism of 14C-Labelled pyruvate and propionate by ruminant and dog kidney cortex and medulla

The pattern of incorporation of 14C into 14CO2 from 14C-labelled pyruvate by dog and sheep kidney cortex and medullary slices and from 14C-labelled propionate by ruminant kidney cortex and medullary slices indicated the greater oxidative capacity of cortex slices in vitro. A major source of carbon dioxide resulting from the metabolism of either cortex or medullary slices was the carboxyl carbon of pyruvate. Dog kidney cortex and medullary slices incorporated greater amounts of 14C from pyruvate-3-14C into total lipid than did the corresponding sheep kidney tissues. The pattern of 14C incorporation into protein from 14C-labelled pyruvate would be compatible with (a) pyruvate transamination to alanine and (b) carboxylation to form oxalacetate with subsequent incorporation of the labelled carbon into aspartate and glutamate. 14CO2 formation by sheep or goat kidney tissues incubated with propionate-3-14C was comparable to 14CO2 formation from pyruvate-3-14C by sheep kidney cortex and medullary slices. Sheep kidney tissues utilized 14C from propionate-3-14C for incorporation into total lipid and protein.
New β - Activities Induced by the Photon Bombardment of Boron-11

The irradiation of boron-11 with high-energy photons induces several reactions involving energetic BETA emitters. Decay curves of the BETA activities obtained by irradiation of boron with 320-Mev bremsstrahlung are given. The endpoint energy of the BETA emitters produced is 13.1 ction in DDT-C/ 0.5 Mev. Production cross sections for all BETA activities with energies above 6 Mev are found to be larger than 160 mu b. (C.E.S.)
Salicylate Enhances Rat Gastric Gelatinase Activity

Background Increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is associated with tissue injury in some organs. Their role in gut injury remains to be fully elucidated. We recently demonstrated that increased MMP-2 activity participated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced gastric injury. Thus we hypothesized that MMPs may play a role in other models of gastric injury. Materials and methods The effect of l -NAME (10 mg/kg IP) or salicylate (100 mg/kg IP) on gastric injury from 20% ethanol was evaluated in an anesthetized model of gastric injury. In a separate experiment, gastric metalloproteinase activity was assessed after salicylate or l -NAME administration. Rats were given either l -NAME (10 mg/kg), salicylate (100 mg/kg), or saline IP and sacrificed after 6 hours. Gastric mucosa was harvested and portions of the glandular stomach snap frozen for gelatin and in situ zymography as indices of MMP activity. Subsequently the effect of MMP inhibition on macroscopic gastric injury from salicylate and a dilute luminal irritant was determined. Results Both l -NAME and salicylate significantly increased gastric injury from 20% ethanol versus saline controls. Salicylate treatment significantly increased gelatinase activity as determined by in situ zymography and gelatin zymography while l -NAME did not. MMP inhibition ameliorated macroscopic gastric injury secondary to salicylate and a dilute luminal irritant. Conclusions This is the first study to report that MMP activity increases in the stomach following salicylate treatment. These data suggest that MMPs may play a role in the ability of salicylate to exacerbate gastric injury from irritants, but likely do not play a role in mediating the deleterious effects of l -NAME.