cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two new species and new records of Syndicus Motschulsky (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae) from SE Asia and Australia.

Two new species of the cyrtoscydmine ant-like stone beetle genus Syndicus are described: S. (s. str.) birmanicus sp. n. (from Myanmar) and S. (Semisyndicus) chiangmaianus sp. n. (from Thailand). A previously unknown male of S. (s. str.) puncticollis Jaloszynski is described, and for the first time the spermatheca of S. (Semisyndicus) sumatrensis Schaufuss is illustrated. Syndicus puncticollis, S. (s. str.) difficilis Jaloszynski, and S. (s. str.) saketianus Jaloszynski, all previously known only from Thailand, are recorded for the first time from Myanmar. Additionally new records are given for S. (s. str.) lamdongianus Jaloszynski (from Laos), S. (s. str.) kingii (King) (from Australia), S. (s. str.) malandae Franz (from Australia), and S. (Semisyndicus) leai ranongianus Jaloszynski (from Thailand).
Mr. Mothercountry: The Rule of Law as Practice:

The rule of law is understood as a clear benchmark or achievement in contemporary international politics. But the rule of law is better understood as an invariably messy, contingent, and incomplete...
Defining a Viral Membrane-Remodeling Complex on an Atomic Level

The Aichi RNA virus remodels host membranes by conscripting two host proteins, PI4KIIIβ (to generate PI4P in the remodeled vesicle) and ACBD3 (that tightly binds PI4KIIIβ), and localizing them on target membranes via Aichi protein 3A. In this issue of Structure, McPhail et al. (2017) reveal structural glimpses of the interfaces involved in this protein threesome using HDX-MS.
Immigration Policy and Agriculture: Possible Directions for the Future

Presidential candidate Trump in 2016 promised to prevent unauthorized migration and deport unauthorized foreigners in the United States, and President Trump issued executive orders after taking off...
Early menarche: A systematic review of its effect on sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries

Background Adolescent girls aged 15–19 bear a disproportionate burden of negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Research from several high-income countries suggests that early age at menarche is an important determinant of sexual and reproductive health. We conducted this systematic review to better understand whether and how early menarche is associated with various negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries and the implications of such associations. Methods We systematically searched eight health and social sciences databases for peer-reviewed literature on menarche and sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries. Two reviewers independently assessed all studies for inclusion, overall quality and risk of bias, and performed data extraction on all included studies. Results Twenty-four articles met all inclusion criteria–nine of moderate quality and fifteen with several methodological weaknesses. Our review of the minimal existing literature showed that early menarche is associated with early sexual initiation, early pregnancy and some sexually transmitted infections in low- and middle-income countries, similar to what has been observed in high-income countries. Early menarche is also associated with early marriage–an association that may have particularly important implications for countries with high child marriage rates. Conclusions Early age at menarche may be an important factor affecting the sexual and reproductive health of adolescent girls and young women in low- and middle-income countries. More research is needed to confirm the existence of the identified associations across different settings and to better understand the process through which early menarche and other markers of early pubertal development may contribute to the increased vulnerability of girls to negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Given the association of early menarche with early marriage, ongoing efforts to reduce child marriage may benefit from targeting efforts to early maturing girls.
Do racial/ethnic disparities exist in recommended migraine treatments in US ambulatory care?

BackgroundRacial disparities in migraine have been reported in the US. Migraine in African Americans (AA) is more frequent, more severe, more likely to become chronic and associated with more depression and lower quality of life compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). It is possible that racial differences in prescribing practices contribute to these differences, but little is known about the quality of migraine prescribing patterns in the US or whether racial differences exist.ObjectiveTo determine if racial differences in quality of migraine medical prescription care exist.MethodsWe used data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to estimate differences in the use of migraine prophylactic and abortive medications by race. Quality of migraine care was defined using the American Academy of Neurology Headache Quality Measure Set (AAN-HQMS). Patients were assigned to one of four categories representing the overall quality of evidence for their abortive and prophylactic medications using the AAN-HQ...
Mobile Robots and Smart Cars

For many years, researchers building mobile robots have concentrated on applications involving hazardous environments. Our robots at Carnegie Mellon University have been designed for military reconnaissance, coal mining, aerial rescue, volcano exploration, and other such tasks.
The Bride of Christ Is Filled With His Spirit

The purpose of this chapter is to examine female imagery as it is interpreted in a particular Bible-centered Protestant tradition, the pentecostal churches of Edinburgh, Scotland.* My intention is to throw light on some general characteristics of female imagery, some particular aspects of Christian female imagery, and a specific case of pentecostal female imagery which de-emphasizes motherhood and virginity.
Disseminating Government Data Effectively in the Age of Open Data

Abstract The move toward Open Data presented an unprecedented opportunity to modernize the collection and dissemination of data across the federal government. But it also placed federal statistical agencies in a demanding environment that is being reshaped by rapidly changing technology and evolving user expectations. The fragmented approach to the creation of data products and dissemination methods has also created data silos and inconsistencies in standardization that challenge government agencies' ability to modernize dissemination services. This chapter discusses key challenges facing data dissemination in US Federal Government, and provides examples on how some of the Federal Statistical Agencies were able to overcome these challenges. It also draws on the experience of several federal statistical agencies to offer examples of good practice and provide recommendations for developing a modern and effective data dissemination strategy.
Hormonal, metabolic and skeletal phenotype of Schaaf-Yang syndrome: a comparison to Prader-Willi syndrome.

Background Nonsense and frameshift mutations in the maternally imprinted, paternally expressed gene MAGEL2, located in the Prader-Willi critical region 15q11-15q13, have been reported to cause Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS), a genetic disorder that manifests as developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, feeding difficulties and autism spectrum disorder. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterised by severe infantile hypotonia, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, early childhood onset obesity/hyperphagia, developmental delay/intellectual disability and short stature. Scoliosis and growth hormone insufficiency are also prevalent in PWS. There is extensive documentation of the endocrine and metabolic phenotypes for PWS, but not for SYS. This study served to investigate the hormonal, metabolic and body composition phenotype of SYS and its potential overlap with PWS. Methods In nine individuals with SYS (5 female/4 male; aged 5–17 years), we measured serum ghrelin, glucose, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free T4, uric acid and testosterone, and performed a comprehensive lipid panel. Patients also underwent X-ray and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analyses to assess for scoliosis and bone mineral density. Results Low IGF-1 levels despite normal weight/adequate nutrition were observed in six patients, suggesting growth hormone deficiency similar to PWS. Fasting ghrelin levels were elevated, as seen in individuals with PWS. X-rays revealed scoliosis >10° in three patients, and abnormal bone mineral density in six patients, indicated by Z-scores of below −2 SDs. Conclusion This is the first analysis of the hormonal, metabolic and body composition phenotype of SYS. Our findings suggest that there is marked, but not complete overlap between PWS and SYS.
Campaign spending and the top-two primary: How challengers earn more votes per dollar in one-party contests

Abstract The top-two primary system changes the typical two-stage electoral process by creating scenarios in which two candidates from the same party may face each other in the general election. In two-party contests, voters receive information from candidate party labels and from campaign outreach, which is facilitated by campaign expenditures. Combined, this information helps voters make decisions on Election Day. In the absence of differentiating party labels in one-party contests, the information provided by candidate spending should matter more. Specifically, I argue that expenditures made by challengers facing same-party opponents should be more effective for increasing vote share than expenditures made by those facing opposite-party opponents. This study examines state legislative elections in California and Washington to investigate how the effectiveness of challenger campaign expenditures is conditioned by the presence of either a one-party or two-party contest. Results find that as challengers in one-party contests spend more, they are able to increase their vote share at more than double the pace per dollar spent when compared to challengers in two-party contests. Findings complement a broad literature investigating the role of electoral institutions in shaping voter and candidate behavior.
The Average of 36 and 38 is 57

Every week with my Regents physics classes, per state mandate, the students conducted a “science laboratory.” I applaud the mandate. However I put science laboratory in quotes because so many of the labs that I saw implemented, published, and on line were procedures that I would not call science. I would also not call them laboratory activities. I certainly would not call them educational. As Thanksgiving approached, I had the students conduct a standard lab on the pendulum. They did the usual thing about measuring the period for different values of mass and string length. They graphed their results. The steps were laid out clearly for the students. They were told exactly what to vary, how many times to vary it, what to write down, what to graph, and what to calculate. I was bored just reading it, but this particular week I chose the path of least resistance and used it anyway.
Continuous B-cell depletion in frequently relapsing, steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome

Background Patients with frequently relapsing (FR), steroid-dependent (SD) and steroid-resistant (SR) nephrotic syndrome are a therapeutic challenge with limited treatment options. Here, we retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of rituximab-induced continuous B-cell depletion in these populations. Methods Patients were included if they were at least 18 years of age and had FR, SD or SR minimal change disease (MCD) or primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and were treated with a strategy of continuous B-cell depletion. Partial remission (PR) was defined as a urinary protein:creatinine ratio (UPCR) of ≤3.5 g/g and a 50% reduction in the UPCR from baseline. Complete remission (CR) was defined as a UPCR ≤0.3 g/g. Results We identified 20 patients with MCD (n = 13) or FSGS (n = 7) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All patients had either SD (n = 12), SR (n = 7) or FR (n = 1) disease. Patients received a median of nine rituximab doses [interquartile range (IQR) 7.5, 11] and were treated for a median time of 28 months (IQR 23, 41). Prednisone was weaned from a median of 60 mg daily (IQR 40, 60) at rituximab initiation to 4.5 mg daily (IQR 0, 5.5) by 12 months. All patients achieved PR. CR occurred in 11 of 13 patients with FR or SD disease, but only 1 of 7 patients with SR disease (logrank P = 0.01). Four relapses occurred, all in patients with SR disease. Three serious infections occurred over 70.3 patient-years. Conclusion Continuous B-cell depletion is a therapeutic option in the management of complicated nephrotic syndrome. Additional studies are needed to clarify the utility of this strategy.
Explaining Privatization Failure: The Vice of Sweet Carrots and Hard Sticks:

Why does contracting underperform in the production of publicly financed goods? Producers for private markets survive through marketism, defined as the strategic exclusion of segments of a communit...
Case series: clinical outcomes of the transthyretin valine-to-isoleucine mutation in a brother-sister pair.

Background Approximately 4% of the African-American population possess a valine-to-isoleucine (V122I) substitution within the transthyretin protein that results in a tendency for a normally tetrameric protein to dissociate into misfolded, monomeric subunits. These misfolded proteins can then accumulate pathologically and cause an autosomal dominant amyloid cardiomyopathy. Homozygous patients are infrequently documented in case reports, and though there are larger studies among heterozygous patients, there is a lack of studies or reports comparing disease within a family. Case summary In this case series, we discuss a 61-year-old African-American male who succumbed to heart failure secondary to cardiac amyloidosis while awaiting orthotopic heart transplantation. We compare his case with that of his sister, a 65-year-old African-American woman with a history of recurrent supraventricular tachycardia requiring radiofrequency ablation, and intermittent chest pain with chronically elevated troponin despite no evidence of coronary artery disease. The sister in question was found to be homozygous for the transthyretin (TTR) V122I mutation with evidence of infiltrative process on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, while clinical testing verified a heterozygous genotype in the brother. Here, we compare the clinical course and imaging data for the aforementioned brother-sister pair in the context of the amyloidogenic transthyretin V122I gene variant. Discussion Through this familial report, we aim to highlight the variations in expression both within this family and in comparison, to the population. We also hope to emphasize the importance of genetic testing of families at risk for this specific transthyretin variant within the African-American community especially as novel therapies begin to emerge.
Stroboscopically robust gates for capacitively coupled singlet-triplet qubits

Recent work on Ising-coupled double-quantum-dot spin qubits in GaAs with voltage-controlled exchange interaction has shown improved two-qubit gate fidelities from the application of oscillating exchange along with a strong magnetic field gradient between adjacent dots [npj Quantum Inf. 3, 3 (2017)]. By examining how noise propagates in the time-evolution operator of the system, we find an optimal set of parameters that provide passive stroboscopic circumvention of errors in two-qubit gates to first order. We predict over 99% two-qubit gate fidelities in the presence of quasistatic and $1/f$ noise, which is an order-of-magnitude improvement over the typical unoptimized implementation.
Deep brain stimulation for cerebral palsy: where are we now?

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex disorder and children frequently have multiple impairments. Dystonia is a particularly frustrating impairment that interferes with rehabilitation and function and is difficult to treat. Of the available treatments, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as an option with the potential for large effect size in a subgroup of children. While brain stimulation has been used in CP for more than 40 years, modern devices and targeting methods are improving both the safety and efficacy of the procedure. Successful use of DBS depends on appropriate selection of patients, identification of effective neuroanatomical targets in each patient, careful neurosurgical procedure, and detailed follow-up evaluation and programming. The use of functional neurosurgery for neuromodulation in CP remains a technology in its infancy, but improving experience and knowledge are likely to make this one of the safest and most effective interventions for children with moderate-to-severe motor disorders. This review summarizes the current procedures for patient and target selection, and surgical implantation of DBS electrodes for CP. The history of DBS and future directions when used in secondary dystonia are also examined. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Selection of candidates for deep brain stimulation (DBS) requires understanding of dystonia in cerebral palsy . DBS could become a first-line treatment option in some children.
SNAP at the Community Scale: How Neighborhood Characteristics Affect Participation and Food Access

Cities are spatially diverse, with enclaves of particular demographic groups, clusters of businesses, and pockets of low-income individuals living amid affluence.This essay presents data from New York City to illustrate the importance of measuring and addressing neighborhood characteristics that affect Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation and the purchasing power of SNAP benefits: pockets of "eligible-but-not-enrolled" individuals, proximity between SNAP participants and jobs, and variations in food prices across neighborhoods.It concludes with 5 examples of how addressing these community-scale issues can increase SNAP participation and food access.
Removing scale-forming cations from produced waters

The formation of precipitates (scales) during reinjection limits the reuse of oil and gas production water (produced water) for additional oil recovery. Selective removal strategies that target Ba and Sr, the primary scale-forming cations, would limit produced water treatment costs, reduce waste generation, and increase produced water reuse. A novel treatment technique for targeted Ba and Sr removal, complexation with polyelectrolyte polymers, is compared with chemical precipitation (sulfate addition and precipitative softening) for the removal of Ba and Sr from Kansas oil field brines. Four polymers were examined for cation removal, both with and without ultrafiltration: poly-vinyl sulfonate (PVS), poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSM). PSSM and PSS were effective for Ba and Sr removal from the lower salinity brine (TDS of 31 000 mg L−1), but exhibited limited Sr removal in the absence of Ba in the high salinity brine (TDS of 92 000 mg l−1). Similar results were achieved in both brines using sulfate addition. PSSM used in conjunction with ultrafiltration removed >99% of initial Sr and Ba from the lower salinity brine, while removing only 65% and 78% of Mg and Ca, respectively. These results compare favorably to precipitative softening, which removed >90% of all divalent cations from the same brine but was less selective for Ba and Sr. PAA plus ultrafiltration removed 58% of Sr (and 68% of Ca) from the high-salinity brine at pH 9. While increased Sr removal can be achieved by polymer-assisted ultrafiltration, further development of this process, including methods for polymer recovery and regeneration, will be needed to improve its performance compared to precipitative softening.
Clinical Predictors of Transplant Related Mortality after Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (RIST).

Reduced intensity conditioning regimens and improvements in supportive care have allowed for the expansion of allogeneic stem cell transplantation to those previously ineligble. However, such patients remain at significant risk for regimen related toxicity. We examined whether clinical predictors that influence toxicity after standard chemotherapy, such as age, comorbidity and functional status similarly predict increased transplant related mortality (TRM) and decreased survival after a RIST with in-vivo T-cell depletion. We analyzed 81 consecutive patients on a single protocol with high-risk and refractory hematologic malignancies transplanted at our institution from 2002 to 2004. The conditioning regimen consisted of fludarabine 30 mg/m 2 /d (D-7 to D-3), Campath-1H 20 mg/d (D-7 to D-3), and melphalan 140 mg/m 2 (D-2) with tacrolimus given for post-transplant immunosuppression. Comorbidity was scored from a retrospective chart review using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CC) and the Kaplan-Feinstein scale (KF). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) and age at transplant were tabulated. TRM was defined as any death occurring without disease progression. Median age was 51 years (range 17 – 68). Fifty-five percent had HLA-identical sibling donors, 5% had mismatched related donors, 35% had matched unrelated donors and 5% had mismatched unrelated donors. KF served as a more sensitive indicator of comorbidity than CC. Fifty-three percent of patients scored at least one point for a comorbid condition by KF, as opposed to 25% by CC ( P P 1 for 61%, 28% and 11% of patients, respectively. The cumulative incidence of 100 and 180 day TRM was 21% and 30%, respectively, with an overall survival (OS) of 15.4 months. Comorbidity, PS, and age greater than 50 predicted increased TRM and decreased OS. In a multivariable model incorporating these predictors (using either CC or KF), age and PS were significant for TRM, while comorbidity and PS were significant for OS. Simple measures of comorbidity, functional status and age predict adverse outcomes after transplantation for hematologic malignancies, even with a reduced intensity regimen. Prospective studies could provide a more accurate estimation of regimen tolerability, particularly in older or sicker patients. Clinical Predictors for Mortality After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Extensive Epidural Steatitis and Epaxial Myositis Associated with Intramuscular Injection of Melarsomine Dihydrochloride in Two Dogs

This is a retrospective case series in which clinicopathological and imaging findings associated with neurological complications secondary to melarsomine dihydrochloride administration are reported in two dogs with Dirofilaria immitis infection. Following intramuscular injection of melarsomine dihydrochloride based on manufacturers' guidelines, two dogs developed acute, progressive, nonambulatory paraparesis or paraplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive of epidural steatitis, resulting in compression of the spinal cord and spinal cord oedema. In one dog, emphysematous myositis throughout the lumbar paravertebral muscles was present. Hemilaminectomy with the intent of achieving spinal cord decompression and obtaining specimens for microbiological and histopathological evaluation was performed in both dogs. One dog partially regained function postoperatively whereas the other was euthanatized intraoperatively. Histologically, epidural steatitis was observed in the surviving dog and epidural steatitis, myonecrosis and grey and white matter changes in the spinal cord were observed in the euthanatized dog. Microbiological testing failed to identify bacteria from the affected tissues. Both cases highlight the potential for the development of extensive epidural steatitis and consequent spinal cord compression following intramuscular administration of melarsomine dihydrochloride. Further investigation into the optimal therapeutic intervention in dogs experiencing neurological complications following melarsomine administration is warranted.
Crystal structure of bacteriophage T4 Spackle as determined by native SAD phasing.

The crystal structure of a bacteriophage T4 early gene product, Spackle, was determined by native sulfur single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) phasing using synchrotron radiation and was refined to 1.52 A resolution. The structure shows that Spackle consists of a bundle of five α-helices, forming a relatively flat disc-like overall shape. Although Spackle forms a dimer in the crystal, size-exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering shows that it is monomeric in solution. Mass spectrometry confirms that purified mature Spackle lacks the amino-terminal signal peptide and contains an intramolecular disulfide bond, consistent with its proposed role in the periplasm of T4 phage-infected Escherichia coli cells. The surface electrostatic potential of Spackle shows a strikingly bipolar charge distribution, suggesting a possible mode of membrane association and inhibition of the tail lysozyme activity in T4 bacteriophage superinfection exclusion.
Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos for Gaussian Orthogonal and Symplectic Ensembles

We study the characteristic polynomials of both the Gaussian Orthogonal and Symplectic Ensembles. We show that for both ensembles, powers of absolute value of the characteristic polynomials converge in law to Gaussian multiplicative chaos measures after normalization, for sufficiently small real powers. The main tool is a new asymptotic relation between fractional moments of the absolute value of the characteristic polynomials of Gaussian Orthogonal, Unitary, and Symplectic Ensembles.
Let's move out together: a framework for the intersections between movement and mutualism

Movement is a widespread behavior across organisms and is driven in part by interspecific interactions. Generally, negative interspecific interactions (such as competition and natural enemies) are more often studied in the context of movement than positive interactions (mutualism). Mutualistic relationships are incredibly common, yet only a subset are studied in the context of movement (transportation mutualisms). Overall, the costs and benefits that an individual experiences are shaped both by their movement behavior and their mutualistic relationships, as well as the intersection between these. Here we argue that the intersection between movement behavior and mutualistic relationships is understudied, and we present a conceptual framework to synthesize the links between movement and mutualisms and give examples of species that exhibit each. Our framework serves both to highlight the ways that mutualism can shape movement (and vice versa) and to draw parallels across different organisms (enabling a more abstract perspective of these biological systems, complementing the system-focused perspective). Finally, we show how considering movement in light of mutualisms (and vice versa) presents a number of new research questions to be answered by each empirical and theoretical approach going forward.
Strong π-stacking causes unusually large anisotropic thermal expansion and thermochromism.

π-stacking in ground-state dimers/trimers/tetramers of N-butoxyphenyl(naphthalene)diimide (BNDI) exceeds 50 kcal â mol-1 in strength, drastically surpassing that for the *3[pyrene]2 excimer (â¼30 kcal â mol-1; formal bond order = 1) and similar to other weak-to-moderate classical covalent bonds. Cooperative π-stacking in triclinic (BNDI-T) and monoclinic (BNDI-M) polymorphs effects unusually large linear thermal expansion coefficients (α a , α b , α c , s) of (452, -16.8, -154, 273) × 10-6 â K-1 and (70.1, -44.7, 163, 177) × 10-6 â K-1, respectively. BNDI-T exhibits highly reversible thermochromism over a 300-K range, manifest by color changes from orange (ambient temperature) toward red (cryogenic temperatures) or yellow (375 K), with repeated thermal cycling sustained for over at least 2 y.
STRAIN-SPECIFIC MECHANISMS REGULATING ADRENAL CATECHOLAMINE SYNTHESIZING ENZYMES DURING REPEATED IMMOBILIZATION STRESS

ABSTRACT The mechanisms regulating responses of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine- beta- hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolanune-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) activity in rat adrenal medulla to repeated immobilization stress are strain specific. The increases in all 3 enzymes following stress are mediated neuronally in the F344 strain, whereas in LEW rats an intact pituitary is necessary to demonstrate increased enzyme activity. Initial results in LEW x F344 hybrid offspring demonstrate that increases in TH and DBH activity after immobilization still occur after hypophysectomy, whereas the expected increase in PNMT activity does not. The data suggest that the mechanisms responsible for altered adrenomedullary enzyme activity are determined genetically, and that PNMT is under independent control.
Holocaust Denial and Governmentally Declared "Truth": French and American Perspectives

This paper involves a comparative examination of free speech principles as applied in the context of Holocaust denial. It also involves a comparative examination of constitutional values, and how those values play out in the Holocaust denial context.
An adapted model of the sport participation choice process.

Abstract In a conceptual examination of sport participation, the concept of “sport careers” is introduced. Sport careers are defined as the modal patterns of temporally ordered sport roles current in a sport subculture as well as the sequence of sport roles individuals may perform over the course of their lifetimes. Treating sport participation as a career pattern (but not as an occupational pattern) can be seen to have numerous advantages, among them that the considerable literature of work careers can be brought to bear on problems of sport participation. A conceptual model of the career entry choice process created by Blau and others is presented and adapted to the parallel problem of the sport participation choice process.
THE COMPATIBILITY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL NATURALISM AND REPRESENTATIONALISM

Some behavior is the expression of intelligent thought and purpose. Clyde goes to the kitchen because he wants another beer and thinks there is one left in the refrigerator. Whether or not they are causes of behavior, Clyde’s reasons — his desire for a beer and his belief that there is one in the fridge — are certainly thought to explain his behavior. They tell us why he made the trip to the kitchen.
Synergism in binary mixtures of surfactants: IV. Effectiveness of surface tension reduction

Abstract Equations are derived, using nonideal solution theory, for the conditions under which synergism in effectiveness of surface tension (γ) reduction will exist at the critical micelle concentration (CMC) in binary mixtures of surfactants. When synergism in this respect exists, the mole fraction of either surfactant at the aqueous solution/air interface equals its mole fraction in the mixed micelle. The conditions for synergism are (1) β σ β σ − β M β σ − β M | > | γ CMC 1 0 − γ CMC 2 0 |/ K , where β σ and β M are the experimentally determined molecular interaction parameters for mixed monolayer and mixed micelle formation, respectively, γ CMC 1 0 and γ CMC 2 0 are the surface tension values of individual surfactants 1 and 2 at their respective CMC s , and K is the slope of the γ-In concentration plot of the surfactant having the larger surface tension at its CMC. The CMC at the point of maximum synergism, CMC ∗ , equals ( CMC 1 0 + CMC 2 0 ) 2 exp (β M /4) , where CMC 1 0 and CMC 2 0 are the CMC s of the individual surfactants; the surface tension of the mixture at the point of maximum synergism, γ CMC ∗ , equals γ CMC 1(2) 0 − K 1(2) (β σ − β M ) 4 , where 1(2) refer to either surfactant. Application of these relationships to several binary mixtures of surfactants shows them to be consistent with experimental data.
Heap Construction in the Parallel Comparison Tree Model

I show how to put n values into heap order in O(log log n) time using n/ log log n processors in the parallel comparison tree model of computation, and in O(α(n)) time on n/α(n) processors, in the randomized parallel comparison tree model, where α(n) is an inverse of Ackerman's function. I prove similar bounds for the related problem of putting n values into a min-max heap.
A dominant sulfhydryl-containing protein in the outer membrane of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

By using a method that labels sulfhydryl-containing proteins in situ, we have detected a major outer membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at 41 kDa. A protein of this molecular mass has not previously been shown to be a major outer membrane protein in gonococci. In addition, a minor protein rich in cysteinyl residues was detected at 31.5 kDa. Images
Minority rights, majority rule: Assessing the partisan theory

We're going to have fair rules … free and open de- bate. … We're going to let the House work its will. Representative Gerald Solomon (R-New York), November 16, 1994 We certainly could revisit the openness of the House. It would only come as a result of these dila- tory tactics. Representative Tom Delay (R-Texas), January 28, 1995 We're going to lose the moral authority to run this place. We're getting just as bad as the Democrats. Representative Chris Shays (R-Connecticut), March 15, 1995 After forty years in the minority, House Republicans promised to redress the imbalance between minority rights and majority rule in the House of Representatives after the 1994 elections. Opening the 104th Congress with a series of procedural reforms, House Republicans altered the standing rules to create several new rights for the minority party and promised to radically reduce the House's reliance on restrictive rules to manage floor debate. Within a month, however, Democrats – and Republican Chris Shays – charged that the Republicans had failed to live up to their promises, as strict time limits and other procedural tactics prevented both Democrats and moderate Republicans like Shays from securing debate and votes on favored amendments under open floor rules. The change in party control of the House for the first time in forty years provides a fitting point for concluding a study of the politics of minority rights.
Scene Segmentation Using the Wisdom of Crowds

Given a collection of images of a static scene taken by many different people, we identify and segment interesting objects. To solve this problem, we use the distribution of images in the collection along with a new field-of-view cue, which leverages the observation that people tend to take photos that frame an object of interest within the field of view. Hence, image features that appear together in many images are likely to be part of the same object. We evaluate the effectiveness of this cue by comparing the segmentations computed by our method against hand-labeled ones for several different models. We also show how the results of our segmentations can be used to highlight important objects in the scene and label them using noisy user-specified textual tag data. These methods are demonstrated on photos of several popular tourist sites downloaded from the Internet.
Combined full-wave/ANN based modeling of MEMS switches for RF and microwave applications

An efficient approach for the design and analysis of RF MEMS switches and related components is presented. It is shown that the developed ANN model preserves the accuracy of the full-wave FEM model while having large savings in the running time. The proposed methodology is suitable for CAD and optimization for MEMS switches embedded in RF/microwave circuits.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Presenting with Posterior Labial Fusion Without Clitoromegaly

In females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 21-hydroxylase deficiency without salt loss is usually recognized in the neonate because of ambiguous genitalia (ie, clitoromegaly with or without labial fusion), or at a later age because of progressive virilization and/or accelerated linear growth. We are reporting the second case of posterior labial fusion without clitoromegaly as the presenting sign of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Here, as in the prior case of Wolff et al,1 the absence of clitoromegaly postponed recognition of the patient9s problem. CASE REPORT C.V. was born at term to a 25-year old, gravida 2, para 1, Mexican-American woman after a normal pregnancy; only vitamins were taken during the pregnancy.
Independence Training, Need Achievement and Need Affiliation. A Comparison Between White and Indian Children

Abstract American white and American Indian grade school boys and girls from the North Central Plains are studied. The previously shown significant and positive relationship between high need achievement and low need affiliation is hypothesized to be a culturally based and sex related phenomenon. The early training of Plains Indian children especially that of boys emphasizes early independence rather than either affiliation or achievement. As hypothesized, it was found in this study both that white children had significantly higher need affiliation scores than Indian children and that boys indicated higher need achievement than girls, indicating cultural and sexual differences. It appeared also that success is a more potent condition for Indian boys in intensifying need achievement scores, whereas failure intensifies the need achievement scores of white children. This suggests that perceived success and failure operate differentially between these cultural groups. Other results also corroborate earlier fi...
Adenoviral Delivery of Human and Viral IL-10 in Murine Sepsis

Adenovirus (Ad) gene therapy has been proposed as a drug-delivery system for the targeted administration of protein-based therapies, including growth factors and biological response modifiers. However, inflammation associated with Ad transduction has raised concern about its safety and efficacy in acute inflammatory diseases. In the present report, intratracheal and i.v. administration of a first-generation adenoviral recombinant (E1,E3 deleted) either containing an empty cassette or expressing the anti-inflammatory cytokines viral or human IL-10 (IL-10) was administered to mice subjected to zymosan-induced multisystem organ failure or to acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Pretreatment of mice with the intratracheal instillation of Ad expressing human IL-10 or viral IL-10 reduced weight loss, attenuated the proinflammatory cytokine response, and reduced mortality in the zymosan-induced model, whereas pretreatment with a control adenoviral recombinant did not significantly exacerbate the response. Pretreatment of mice with pancreatitis using adenoviral vectors expressing IL-10 significantly reduced the degree of pancreatic and liver injury and liver inflammation when administered systemically, but not intratracheally. We conclude that adenoviral vectors can be administered prophylactically in acute inflammatory syndromes, and expression of the anti-inflammatory protein IL-10 can be used to suppress the underlying inflammatory process.
Local Labour Markets, Organizations and the Distribution of Family‐responsive Benefits in the USA

Family-responsive benefits have important consequences for workers balancing work‐family demands. Previous research on the distribution of family-responsive benefits has focused on intra-organizational determinants or general labour market characteristics, at the expense of local labour market factors. We address this deficiency by analysing a unique random sample of US work establishments nested in their local labour markets. Specifically, we ask whether, net of establishment and local labour market characteristics, women’s local labour market standing influences the prevalence of family-responsive benefits. The results indicate that women’s labour market status, measured with a composite of occupational gender integration, aggregate educational attainment and percentage of women in managerial roles, has a strong positive net effect on the prevalence of family-responsive workplace benefits. However, no significant interaction between women’s status and establishment-level characteristics was found. Our findings highlight the importance of local labour markets in the distribution of family-responsive benefits across organizations.
Using response time modeling to distinguish memory and decision processes in recognition and source tasks

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) functions are often used to make inferences about memory processes, such as claiming that memory strength is more variable for studied versus nonstudied items. However, decision processes can produce the ROC patterns that are usually attributed to memory, so independent forms of data are needed to support strong conclusions. The present experiments tested ROC-based claims about the variability of memory evidence by modeling response time (RT) data with the diffusion model. To ensure that the model can correctly discriminate equal- and unequal-variance distributions, Experiment 1 used a numerousity discrimination task that had a direct manipulation of evidence variability. Fits of the model produced correct conclusions about evidence variability in all cases. Experiments 2 and 3 explored the effect of repeated learning trials on evidence variability in recognition and source memory tasks, respectively. Fits of the diffusion model supported the same conclusions about variability as the ROC literature. For recognition, evidence variability was higher for targets than for lures, but it did not differ on the basis of the number of learning trials for target items. For source memory, evidence variability was roughly equal for source 1 and source 2 items, and variability increased for items with additional learning attempts. These results demonstrate that RT modeling can help resolve ambiguities regarding the processes that produce different patterns in ROC data. The results strengthen the evidence that memory strength distributions have unequal variability across item types in recognition and source memory tasks.
Controlling the Fenton Reaction in Wine

The fate of hydrogen peroxide in a model wine system was studied under a competitive scenario in the presence of ferrous ions and sulfur dioxide. The metal-catalyzed reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), referred to as the Fenton reaction, yields hydroxyl radicals capable of oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde and is now thought to be a key step in nonenzymatic wine oxidation. It appears that sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) exerts its protective function in wine by scavenging hydrogen peroxide in oxidizing wine, thereby diverting peroxide from the Fenton route. In this study, the factors affecting the rate and outcome of hydroxyl radical-mediated ethanol oxidation were examined under wine conditions. The exclusion of oxygen in the model wine led to conditions wherein ferric ions (50 microM) were rapidly reduced, presumably by 1-hydroxyethyl radicals. This resulted in the complete stoichiometric conversion of H(2)O(2) (300 microM) to hydroxyl radicals, giving an equimolar concentration of acetaldehyde ( approximately 300 microM). Surprisingly, the yield of acetaldehyde was markedly depressed in the presence of oxygen. The addition of a model phenol, 4-methylcatechol (4-MeC; 12 mM), did not protect the ethanol from hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidation under the conditions tested but rather appeared to slightly increase the rate of the Fenton reaction, perhaps by forming a complex with the added iron. The competition for H(2)O(2) in the presence of Fe(II) ions and SO(2) was also examined, and the effect of added 4-MeC, as well as dissolved oxygen, was investigated. Higher concentrations of 1-hydroxyethyl radicals, which were trapped by N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN) and detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, were observed when oxygen was excluded and when 4-MeC was included.
Isolation and characterization of a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila white gene

Abstract The Drosophila melanogaster white gene is a member of the ABC transporter superfamily of ATPase transmembrane proteins and is involved in the cellular uptake of guanine and tryptophan. We have cloned and sequenced human and mouse homologs of white which share 55–58% amino acid similarity with the Drosophila protein. Northern analysis reveals that the mammalian homolog is highly expressed in several tissues, including brain, spleen, lung and placenta. We have localized the gene to human chromosome 21q22.3 by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization and linkage analysis using a (CA)n polymorphism. The human homolog maps to the interval between D21S212 and D21S171, a region which includes loci for bipolar affective disorder and a recessive form of deafness. Since tryptophan is a precursor for the neurotransmitter serotonin and neurotoxic metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, we propose that the human homolog of white is a suitable candidate gene for these neurological disorders in humans.
The Medal of Honor, Combat Orientations and Latent Role Structure in the United States Military

This study presents data on activities for which the Congressional Medal of Honor was presented. We identify two combat orientations among military personnel, which we label war winning and soldier...
Farm-Level Economic Impacts of Bolbophorus Infections of Channel Catfish

Abstract The prevalence of infections by trematodes Bolbophorus sp. in populations of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus was determined by sampling 64 ponds on a farm in northwestern Mississippi. Of the 40 food fish ponds sampled, 23 (58%) contained trematode-infected fish; 7 pond populations were categorized as having light infections (1–33% infection rates), 5 as having moderate infections (34–66% infection rates), and 11 as having severe infections (≥67% infection rates). Only 3 of the 24 fingerling ponds contained fish infected with Bolbophorus trematodes, and the infection rates were light. Feed consumption and estimated fish production in food fish ponds differed significantly among the four categories of within-population infection rate, and feed consumption and fish production decreased as infection rates increased. Relative to the production in uninfected populations, estimated fish production was reduced by 14, 35, and 40% in populations with light, moderate, and severe infections, ...
Comparison of Buffalo green monkey kidney cells and McCoy cells for the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis in shell vial centrifugation culture

A total of 745 clinical specimens from patients attending hospitals and clinics in an area with a low prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis were inoculated in parallel into shell vial cultures containing Buffalo green monkey kidney (BGM) and McCoy cells. The shell vial cultures were prepared in-house and were less than 5 days after seeding when inoculated. A total of 38 specimens (5%) were positive for C. trachomatis. In 36 of the cases, C. trachomatis was detected in both the BGM and McCoy vials. In two cases, C. trachomatis was detected in only the BGM vial. The BGM cells were more resistant to cytotoxicity and seemed to show more and larger inclusions than the McCoy cells. Furthermore, because the BGM cells displayed contact inhibition without the rounding and piling of cells that was encountered with the McCoy cells, they could be stored, ready to use, with an optical monolayer of cells, at 35 degrees C for at least 10 days.