cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A modified multimodal communication treatment for individuals with traumatic brain injury

People living with the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) might use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) due to cognitive-communication disabilities and/or co-occurring motor speec...
Effects of adolescent caffeine consumption on cocaine self-administration and reinstatement of cocaine seeking:

Background:Caffeine consumption by children and adolescents has risen dramatically in recent years, yet the lasting effects of caffeine consumption during adolescence remain poorly understood.Aim:T...
Gender differences in marketer and non-marketer-dominated sources of sustainable health and wellness information

ABSTRACTConcerns about how consumers respond to health care promotional information in the United States led the authors to conduct an exploratory study to investigate gender differences in the kno...
A Dramatic Confrontation of Frames: Arts-Integration Teacher Development, Organizational Learning, and School Change

This study explores the intersection of arts-integration teacher development and organizational learning in schools. Four frames rooted in organizational learning theory—structural, political, symb...
Developmental Trajectories of Executive Functioning and Puberty in Boys and Girls

There are substantial changes in executive functioning during adolescence that may correspond with the onset and progression of puberty. The current study examines associations between pubertal development (timing and tempo) and changes in specific executive functioning skills (i.e., attention and self-control) across the transition from childhood to adolescence (ages 9.5–15.5) using data from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (1099 youth; 52% female, 81% White, 83% above the poverty line). The findings indicated that early maturation was associated with faster increases in attention skills over adolescence for both boys and girls. Further, early maturation predicted worse self-control among girls but not boys. This study provides new insights on executive functioning during the transition to adolescence—a period of both vulnerability and opportunity.
Predicting Response to the Antidepressant Bupropion Using Pretreatment fMRI

Major depressive disorder is a primary cause of disability in adults with a lifetime prevalence of 6–21% worldwide. While medical treatment may provide symptomatic relief, response to any given antidepressant is unpredictable and patient-specific. The standard of care requires a patient to sequentially test different antidepressants for 3 months each until an optimal treatment has been identified. For 30–40% of patients, no effective treatment is found after more than one year of this trial-and-error process, during which a patient may suffer loss of employment or marriage, undertreated symptoms, and suicidal ideation. This work develops a predictive model that may be used to expedite the treatment selection process by identifying for individual patients whether the patient will respond favorably to bupropion, a widely prescribed antidepressant, using only pretreatment imaging data. This is the first model to do so for individuals for bupropion. Specifically, a deep learning predictor is trained to estimate the 8-week change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) score from pretreatment task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) obtained in a randomized controlled antidepressant trial. An unbiased neural architecture search is conducted over 800 distinct model architecture and brain parcellation combinations, and patterns of model hyperparameters yielding the highest prediction accuracy are revealed. The winning model identifies bupropion-treated subjects who will experience remission with the number of subjects needed-to-treat (NNT) to lower morbidity of only 3.2 subjects. It attains a substantially high neuroimaging study effect size explaining 26% of the variance (\(R^2 = 0.26\)) and the model predicts post-treatment change in the 52-point HAMD score with an RMSE of 4.71. These results support the continued development of fMRI and deep learning-based predictors of response for additional depression treatments.
Our Efforts in Understanding Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Learning from the 100 Most Cited Articles by Bibliometric Analysis

Background Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a syndrome that was characterized several decades ago; however, its optimal diagnosis and management remain unclear. Our objective was to evaluate citation and bibliometric characteristics of the 100 most cited articles about NPH to better understand the state of research efforts in the field and where improvements may arise. Methods Elsevier's Scopus database was searched for the 100 most cited articles that focused on NPH. Articles were characterized and various bibliometric parameters were compared. Categorical data were analyzed using Pearson χ2, and continuous data were analyzed using either linear regression or a Student t test. Results The 100 most cited articles were published between 1965 and 2014, from 16 unique countries in 38 unique journals. The most common outcome types of these articles were clinical (n = 77). Median number of citations and rate of citations were 114 citations and 5.9 citations/year since publication, respectively, with a significant inverse linear relationship between the 2 parameters (P Conclusions In the 100 most cited articles about NPH, there has been a distinct shift toward a more globalized effort in recent decades. The lack of more impactful articles in recent decades highlights that particular classic studies still penetrate practice and the possible need to reconsider our contemporary views on NPH to further advance the field.
The First Wave of Mass Privatization in Bulgaria and its Immediate Aftermath

In January 1995, a Socialist government came to power in Bulgaria and initiated a mass privatization programme. In the first wave of this programme, which was completed in June 1997, about one-fourth of Bulgaria's state-owned enterprises were partially privatized through the programme. Patterned after the Czech mass privatization programme, an important outcome of the Bulgarian programme is that investment funds have become important agents in the private sector of the economy. It is too early to determine whether enterprise restructuring will now occur, but initial market signals suggest that Bulgaria may soon suffer from many problems that now confront the Czech economy unless new corporate laws supporting ownership rights and better capital market regulations are enacted.
A comprehensive optimization framework for EV-Renewable DG coordination

Abstract This paper develops an optimization framework for coordinating electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) in distribution systems. A bilateral contract between EV aggregators and renewable distributed generators (DGs) is first used to maximize revenues for these market participants by optimally controlling EV charging/discharging. The developed market-based EV control model is then implemented in a distribution system and evaluated for its potential adverse effects on the system operation. An optimal capacitor sizing and placement method is proposed to resolve the negative impacts of such control model. The proposed capacitor optimization method along with the developed EV control model provides an EV-RES coordination framework that simultaneously addresses both market and operational objectives. A real distribution network is used to test the EV-RES coordination method and evaluate its performance for different loading conditions using three-phase unbalanced load flow calculations. Simulation results validate the efficiency of the proposed method in not only providing cost savings for the system operation, but also in reducing the losses and voltage deviations that would be otherwise incurred due to uncoordinated EV scheduling. The proposed EV-RES coordination framework is demonstrated to ensure economic, safe and reliable operation of distribution systems in which EVs and renewable DGs synergize.
Size-dependent radiation damage mechanisms in nanowires and nanoporous structures

Abstract Nanostructures with a high density of interfaces, such as in nanoporous materials and nanowires, resist radiation damage by promoting the annihilation and migration of defects. This study details the size effect and origins of the radiation damage mechanisms in nanowires and nanoporous structures in model face-centered (gold) and body-centered (niobium) cubic nanostructures using accelerated multi-cascade atomistic simulations and in-situ ion irradiation experiments. Our results reveal three different size-dependent mechanisms of damage accumulation in irradiated nanowires and nanoporous structures: sputtering for very small nanowires and ligaments, the formation and accumulation of point defects and dislocation loops in larger nanowires, and a face-centered-cubic to hexagonal-close-packed phase transformation for a narrow range of wire diameters in the case of gold nanowires. Smaller nanowires and ligaments have a net effect of lowering the radiation damage as compared to larger wires that can be traced back to the fact that smaller nanowires transition from a rapid accumulation of defects to a saturation and annihilation mechanism at a lower dose than larger nanowires. These irradiation damage mechanisms are accompanied with radiation-induced surface roughening resulting from defect-surface interactions. Comparisons between nanowires and nanoporous structures show that the various mechanisms seen in nanowires provide adequate bounds for the defect accumulation mechanisms in nanoporous structures with the difference attributed to the role of nodes connecting ligaments in nanoporous structures. Taken together, our results shed light on the compounded, size-dependent mechanisms leading to the radiation resistance of nanowires and nanoporous structures.
Chemicals in the Environment, Dispersive Transport

Dispersion is the enhanced mixing of material through spatial variations in velocity. When it is of interest (when we are not keeping track of the three-dimensional mixing), dispersion is typically one or two orders of magnitude greater than turbulent diffusion. The process of dispersion is associated with a spatial mean velocity, the assumption of plug flow, and a velocity profile. The means used in association with diffusion, turbulent diffusion, and dispersion are identified in Table 6.1.
The Sky Is Not the Limit

We live in the era of Big Data, or at least our awareness of Big Data’s presence and impact has sharpened in the past ten years. Compared to data characteristics decades ago, Big Data not only means a deluge of unfiltered bytes, but even more importantly it represents a dramatic increase in data dimensionality (the number of variables) and complexity (the relationships among the often interdependent variables, intricacy of cluster structure). Along with the opportunities for nuanced understanding of processes and for decision making, these data created new demands for information extraction methods in terms of the detail that is expected to be identified in analysis tasks such as clustering, classification, regression, and parameter inference. Many traditionally favored techniques do not meet these challenges if one’s aim is to fully exploit the rich information captured by sophisticated sensors and other automated data collection techniques, to ensure discovery of surprising small anomalies, discriminate important, subtle differences, and more. A flurry of technique developments has been spawned, many augmenting existing algorithms with increasingly complex features.
Teaching statistics to physicians using Stata

The Clinical Research Training Program (CRTP) at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Yeshiva University is a two-year program for physicians leading to a Master of Science degree in Clinical...
At-Risk in Cyberspace: Enhancing Engagement of High Risk Students in Internet-Based Courses

Concern has grown about the utility of technology based education for at-risk learners. This study explored effects of enhanced motivational and relationship building communications on at-risk students' engagement in an internet-based multimedia course. Patterns of engagement and moderate to strong effect sizes point to the need to systematically incorporate motivating dimensions into teacher-student communication.
The Role of Hepatic Nuclear Factor 1α and PDX-1 in Transcriptional Regulation of the pdx-1 Gene

The PDX-1 homeodomain transcription factor regulates pancreatic development and adult islet beta cell function. Expression of the pdx-1 gene is almost exclusively localized to beta cells within the adult endocrine pancreas. Islet beta cell-selective transcription is controlled by evolutionarily conserved subdomain sequences (termed Areas I (-2839 to -2520 base pairs (bp)), II (-2252 to -2023 bp), and III (-1939 to -1664 bp)) found within the 5'-flanking region of the pdx-1 gene. Areas I and II are independently capable of directing beta cell-selective reporter gene activity in transfection assays, with Area I-mediated stimulation dependent upon binding of hepatic nuclear factor 3 beta (HNF3 beta), a key regulator of islet beta cell function. To identify other transactivators of Area I, highly conserved sequence segments within this subdomain were mutagenized, and their effect on activation was determined. Several of the sensitive sites were found by transcription factor data base analysis to potentially bind endodermally expressed transcription factors, including HNF1 alpha (-2758 to -2746 bp, Segment 2), HNF4 (-2742 to -2730 bp, Segment 4; -2683 to -2671 bp, Segment 7-8), and HNF6 (-2727 to -2715 bp, Segment 5). HNF1 alpha, but not HNF4 and HNF6, binds specifically to Area I sequences in vitro. HNF1 alpha was also shown to specifically activate Area I-driven transcription through Segment 2. In addition, PDX-1 itself was found to stimulate Area I activation. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay performed with PDX-1 antisera also demonstrated that this factor bound to Area I within the endogenous pdx-1 gene in beta cells. Our results indicate that regulatory factors binding to Area I conserved sequences contribute to the selective transcription pattern of the pdx-1 gene and that control is mediated by endodermal regulators like HNF1 alpha, HNF3 beta, and PDX-1.
New techniques for extremely broadband planar slot spiral antennas

To this point, the frequency dependence of the slot arm termination and of the reflecting cavity have limited the achievable bandwidth of slot spiral antennas. To enable operational bandwidths that approach 100:1, we present two techniques that minimize these limitations. A new termination approach based on the application of lumped element matched attenuators is used to remove the low frequency difficulties resulting from reflections at the end of the antenna. Also, dielectric loading of the reflecting cavity is used to minimize the diameter of the antenna and to increase its usable bandwidth. We first provide a detailed discussion of these techniques, and then present and discuss their extremely broadband performance.
Estimating Costs for Community Services

Administrators of programs today find themselves in a dilemma. Should they play the "numbers game" and vie for budgetary allocations based on num ber of direct-service clients, or comply with community demands to supply indirect, preventive services? Per sonnel in human service organizations feel the means of accommodating both positions may be found in at taching a unit cost to indirect services. Accomplishing this task is not easy, however. The present article investi gates the assignment of unit costs to community service activities and sug gests possible ways of overcoming the difficulties involved. By "community service activities," the author means curative and preventive measures whose ultimate objective is eliminating a particular social problem or area of social dysfunctioning. The issue under discussion goes be yond a consideration of immediate budgetary requests and appropriations to the more fundamental question of how social problems may be solved. Students of the social sciences are
Latest on Polarization in Electron Storage Rings

To sum up, the over-all situation is a healthy one: (1) The linear theory of beam polarization and depolarization is substantially understood. Thanks to the transparency conditions proper design of spin manipulators (rotators, Siberian snakes, spin chromaticity correctors, etc.) becomes possible and corrections for rings with imperfections have been reduced to a problem of finding the most effective correction knobs. (2) Experts are working on the nonlinear theories. Their results so far are encouraging. Nonlinear depolarization effects associated with large energy spread seem to be a problem for LEPTbut there is no lack of clever schemes to choose from for defeating these effects. The heam-beam depolarization is only marginally harmful and there are again preliminary ideas of how to fight it. (3) Polarization monitoring seems to require only a reasonable extension of the present technology.
A concise synthesis of 12-(3'-hydroxy-n-propyl)-deoxoartemisinin

Abstract The 12-(3'hydroxy-n-propyl)-deoxoartmisinin was synthesized from artemisinic acid via photooxidative cyclization as a key step. The title compound 6a is found to show five times greater in vitro antimalarial acitivity compared to artemisinin.
A Longitudinal Examination of Male College Students' Perpetration of Sexual Assault.

Self-administered surveys were completed by 197 men in college at 2 time points, 1 year apart. Men who committed sexual assault at multiple time points (repeat assaulters) had the most extreme scores on measures of hostility toward women, past sexual experiences, drinking in sexual situations, and adolescent delinquency. Nonassaulters had the least extreme scores and men who committed sexual assault at only 1 time point had scores that tended to fall in between. Repeat assaulters also expressed significantly less remorse when they described their sexual assault at Time 1 than did past assaulters who committed sexual assault only at the initial time point. These findings demonstrate the importance of initiating prevention and treatment programs in early adolescence, before longstanding attitudes and behaviors tolerant of sexual assault are established.
Fine structure of the cerebral ocelli of a sipunculid, Phascolosoma agassizii.

The brain ofPhascolosoma agassizii, a sipunculid worm, contains a pair of ocelli. Each ocellus lies at the inner end of the ocular tube, an invagination that connects the concavity of the ocellus with the anterior surface of the head. The cuticle which covers the epidermis of the worm extends into and lines the ocular tube. The cells of the neck of the tube are columnar and contain longitudinally oriented tonofilaments extending into microvilli that project into the cuticle in the tube. Cilia also project from the apices of these cells. Toward the base of the ocular tube are two kinds of columnar cells: supportive and photoreceptive. The supportive cells contain varying concentrations of melanin-like granules forming the pigmented component of the ocellus. Numerous longitudinally oriented tonofilaments in these cells extend into microvilli projecting into the cuticular layer. The photoreceptor cells, containing many microtubules, lie between the supportive cells and spread out at their tips giving off an irregular array of miorovilli, the presumed photoreceptors, and cilia. These photoreceptors are regarded as belonging to the rhabdomeric type, albeit cilia are present.
Children’ s likableness ratings of 22 trait adjectives

Twelve Ss in each of Grades K, 2, 4, and 6 rated the likability of 22 common trait adjectives. The mean ratings and standard deviations are given for each trait. Analysis of variance indicated that only 2 of the 22 traits showed significant differences across grade levels. The data indicated that the evaluative meaning for this set of traits was remarkably stable, and that the conventional meaning of common trait words is achieved at an early age.
Self-mixing detector candidates for an FM/cw ladar architecture

The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is currently investigating unique self-mixing detectors for ladar systems. These detectors have the ability to internally detect and down-convert light signals that are amplitude modulated at ultra-high frequencies (UHF). ARL is also investigating a ladar architecture based on FM/cw radar principles, whereby the range information is contained in the low-frequency mixing product derived by mixing a reference UHF chirp with a detected, time-delayed UHF chirp. When inserted into the ARL FM/cw ladar architecture, the self-mixing detector eliminates the need for wide band transimpedance amplifiers in the ladar receiver because the UHF mixing is done internal to the detector, thereby reducing both the cost and complexity of the system and enhancing its range capability. This fits well with ARL's goal of developing low-cost, high-speed line array ladars for submunition applications and extremely low-cost, single pixel ladars for ranging applications. Several candidate detectors have been investigated for this application, with metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detectors showing the most promise. This paper discusses the requirements for a self-mixing detector, characterization measurements from several candidate detectors and experimental results from their insertion in a laboratory FM/cw ladar.
Crisis Preparedness and Meeting Planners’ Perceptions

The hospitality and tourism industry is like no other economic sector when it comes to being challenged by crisis events. Crises pose a serious threat to companies’ reputations and physical and financial health. This study explores meeting planners’ perceptions of the need for crisis planning. The data were collected from meeting planners utilizing a web survey. The results reveal little difference in the perceptions among the various types of planners, but did identify different levels of training among planners. Training and professional development activities were found to be a key predictor in the characteristics of meeting planners who have a written crisis plan.
Comparison of globulin proteins from Phaseolus vulgaris with those from Vicia faba

Abstract Extraction of maturing Phaseolus vulgaris seeds with an ascorbic acid—NaCI medium facilitated the preparation of two globulin fractions which wer
Health conditions and town growth in colonial and antebellum South Carolina.

Abstract Historical accounts of settlement growth and recreation aspects of lifestyles in colonial and antebellum South Carolina indicate cultural adjustment to malaria hazard. While the disease is not currently a health problem in South Carolina, risk of malaria strongly influenced the movement of populations away from coastal areas. The first significant resort towns were located in coastal areas with sea breezes sufficient to diminish the risk of malaria. Movement to better drained pine regions beyond coastal areas was to some extent disease avoidance behavior. The same was true for settlement and recreation development inland in “Middle Country” and “Up Country” locations. The latter was particularly true during the antebellum period as town development continued to be partially influenced by perceived disease hazard. These early perceptions of health conditions in relation to natural environment have left their imprint on present-day South Carolina settlement patterns.
Stereoselective Synthesis of d-Desosamine and Related Glycals via Tungsten-Catalyzed Alkynol Cycloisomerization

Stereoselective synthesis of d-desosamine diacetate ester (iii, R = Ac) was achieved from the glycal (ii) generated by tungsten carbonyl-catalyzed cycloisomerization of the corresponding amino-alkynol (i). A wide variety of N-substituents (R, R‘) are compatible with the cycloisomerization, provided that at least one R or R‘ is an acyl derivative.
The incidence of antimicrobial‐resistant Salmonella spp. on freshly processed poultry from US Midwestern processing plants*

Aims: To determine the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella spp. on processed poultry (turkey) at Midwestern poultry plants. Methods and Results: Two participating plants were visited at monthly intervals for a period of 1 year. Surface swabs were obtained from carcasses at two selected points on the production line, pre- and post-chill. In addition, samples of the chill water from chill tanks were also examined. Isolation and detection of Salmonella spp. from carcass swabs and chill water was carried out using standard enrichment techniques. Immunomagnetic separation was used to enhance the recovery of the pathogen. Salmonella isolates recovered were identified, serotyped and their antimicrobial resistance profiles determined using the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Results from the study indicated that the overall incidence of Salmonella was approx. 16·7%, with a greater incidence of the pathogen observed on pre-chill than post-chill carcasses. Salmonella isolates recovered displayed resistance to an average of four different antimicrobials. Approximately 15 different serotypes of Salmonella spp. were recovered, with Salmonella serotype Agona, Salmonella serotype Hadar, Salmonella serotype Heidelberg and Salmonella serotype Senftenberg being the most common. Conclusions: The incidence of Salmonella spp. was relatively low and isolates recovered showed significant degrees of antimicrobial resistance. Factors such as the processing plant examined, the season and farms that were presenting animals for processing influenced the incidence of the pathogen. Significance and Impact of the Study: Differences were observed in the serotypes of Salmonella recovered and the types of antimicrobial resistance found at the two plants. The study suggests that the use of antimicrobials at the farm level influences the creation of an environment that promotes the selection of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella spp. The incidence, isolation and detection of Salmonella spp. on processed poultry are discussed.
Cadmium induced hypothermia in mice: dose dependent tolerance development.

Abstract 1. 1. The i.p. injection of Cd in mice will produce a dose related hypothermic response. 2. 2. The Cd appears to make the animals poikilothermic and their body temperature will approach the ambient temperature at which they are housed. 3. 3. The cause for this hypothermic action of Cd is not known, but we have demonstrated in our experiments that the effect may be partially related to a direct effect within the brain. 4. 4. In addition, the repeated injection of a low Cd dose (0.62 mg/kg) i.p. once daily for 3 days results in a profound tolerance to the Cd. 5. 5. A high dose (1.25 mg/kg i.p. once daily × 3 days) of Cd did not result in a similar tolerance phenomenon and a single injection of the high Cd dose 120 hr prior to the repeated low Cd dose regimen resulted in an obtunded tolerance response to the low dose. 6. 6. We propose that the higher Cd dose may have damaged the blood-brain barrier and this could account for the results we have observed.
NOTE ON RELATION OF ANXIETY TO FIELD DEPENDENCY

Witkin, et al. (6) hypothesized that field-dependent persons tend to have more poorly developed control and defense systems and to express greater anxiety than field-independent persons. Their rese...
Rapid effects ofphorbol ester on platelet shape change, cytoskeleton and calcium transient

Abstract Platelets are rapidly activated by several agonists. When phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was added to washed platelet suspensions 10 s prior to either thrombin or ADP, it caused a dose-dependent inhibition of shape change correlated with decreased myosin association with the cytoskeleton and with inhibition of the calcium transient measured in fura-2-loaded platelets. PMA added 5–10 s after agonists did not reverse shape change or the association of myosin with the cytoskeleton, but markedly increased the rate at which the calcium signal returned to the baseline. The analogue, 4α-phorbol didecanoate did not cause these effects. Our results suggest that one effect of C-kinase activation is to provide negative feedback in sequential responses.
Rotational Raman interferometric measurement of flame temperatures

The rotational Raman scattered light from nitrogen present in a flame is analyzed with a Fabry-Perot interferometer whose free spectral range is matched to the frequency separation of the Raman lines. The resulting interferograms are fit to theoretical interferograms using a least-χ2 technique. Flame temperatures obtained from this analysis are compared to in situ thermocouple measurements with reasonable agreement. The measured temperatures are compared to other published data, and sources of error are discussed.
Expression of HLA-DR antigens in inflammatory bowel disease mucosa: Role of intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cell-derived interferon γ

The expression of HLA-DR antigens on the surface of immune cells is crucial for appropriate antigen presentation and a normal immune response. In the intestinal mucosa involved by Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis the expression of HLA-DR antigens is increased in both immune and nonimmune cells, a phenomenon probably mediated by soluble factors, such as interferon γ, produced by locally activated mononuclear cells. This study investigated the production of interferon γ by inflammatory bowel disease and control intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells, and the ability of this endogenously produced lymphokine to induce expression of HLA-DR antigens on the monocytic cell lines U937 and ML3. After in vitro stimulation with interleukin 2 or phytohemagglutinin, but not spontaneously, lamina propria mononuclear cells produced variable amounts of interferon γ, and their culture supernatants could induce de novoexpression of HLA-DR antigens on the monocytic indicator cells. When the mononuclear cells were derived from inflammatory bowel disease mucosa, both the amount of interferon γ present in the supernatants and the number of HLA-DR-positive cells induced by these supernatants were decreased as compared to controls. These results suggest that, in inflammatory bowel disease, interferon γ may not be the only mediator of HLA-DR induction in the gut and that other soluble factors or agents, alone or interacting with interferon γ, may also be responsible for this event, resulting in the enhanced HLA-DR antigen expression observed in the inflamed intestinal mucosa.
Fluorine bomb calorimetry the enthalpy of formation of phosphorus trifluoride

Abstract The energy of the reaction PF 3 (g) = F 2 (g) = PF 5 (g) was determined by the combustion of PF 3 in excess fluorine in a bomb calorimeter. The standard enthalpy of this reaction, −(635.94 ± 0.67) kJ mol −1 , was used to derive the standard enthalpy of formation, ΔH f o (PF 3 ,298.15 K) = −(957.4 ± 1.4) kJ mol −1 .
The electric utility demand for energy in the United States

This paper looks at the use of various fossil fuel inputs in the generation of electrical energy via a two step procedure. First, aggregate energy demand is determined and second, corresponding energy fuel shares are examined. This separation suggests that energy is separable and forms a homogeneous aggregate. Finally the question of the stability of the demand for fuel inputs is addressed.
An essay on fantasy theme criticism

Fantasy theme criticism extrapolates from fantasy chains in the small group, but Freudian theory is fundamental in Bales’ description of the chaining, and the phenomenon necessarily is transactional; in addition, Bales is not a true proponent of dramatism. Critics ignore or distort these features in their analyses. Moreover, they usually argue in circular fashion, assuming that they have isolated compelling social reality when they have described a dramatistic construct. These difficulties call the approach into question and demand a more serious argument from proponents.
Do convergent ecomorphs evolve through convergent morphological pathways? Cranial shape evolution in fossil hyaenids and borophagine canids (Carnivora, Mammalia)

Cases of convergent evolution, particularly within ecomorphological contexts, are instructive in identifying universally adaptive morphological features across clades. Tracing of evolutionary pathways by which ecomorphological convergence takes place can further reveal mechanisms of adaptation, which may be strongly influenced by phylogeny. Ecomorphologies of carnivorous mammals represent some of the most outstanding cases of convergent evolution in the Cenozoic radiation of mammals. This study examined patterns of cranial shape change in the dog (Canidae) and hyena (Hyaenidae) families, in order to compare the evolutionary pathways that led to the independent specialization of bone-cracking hypercarnivores within each clade. Geometric morphometrics analyses of cranial shape in fossil hyaenids and borophagine canids provided evidence for deep-time convergence in morphological pathways toward the independent evolution of derived bone-crackers. Both clades contained stem members with plesiomorphic generalist/omnivore cranial shapes, which evolved into doglike species along parallel pathways of shape change. The evolution of specialized bone-crackers from these doglike forms, however, continued under the constraint of a full cheek dentition and restriction on rostrum length reduction in canids, but not hyaenids. Functionally, phylogenetic constraint may have limited borophagine canids to crack bones principally with their carnassial instead of the third premolar as in hyaenids, but other cranial shape changes associated with durophagy nevertheless evolved in parallel in the two lineages. Size allometry was not a major factor in cranial shape evolution in either lineage, supporting the interpretation of functional demands as drivers for the observed convergence. The comparison between borophagines and hyaenids showed that differential effects of alternative functional “solutions” that arise during morphological evolution may be multiplied with processes of the “macroevolutionary ratchet” already in place to further limit the evolutionary pathways available to specialized lineages.
Csk mediates G-protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid receptor-induced inhibition of membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase activity.

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are involved in many physiological processes, including the regulation of vascular tone, sodium excretion, pressure−volume homeostasis, inflammatory responses, and cellular growth. The two main receptors of NP, membrane-bound guanylyl cyclases A and B (GC-A and GC-B), mediate the effects of NPs via the generation of cGMP. NP-stimulated generation of cGMP can be modulated by intracellular processes, whose exact nature remains to be elucidated. Thus, serum and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), by unknown pathways, have been shown to inhibit the NP-induced generation of cGMP. Here we report that the nonreceptor-tyrosine-kinase Csk is an essential component of the intracellular modulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-stimulated activation of GC-A. The genetic deletion of Csk (Csk-/-) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts blocked the inhibitory effect of both serum and LPA on the ANP-stimulated generation of cGMP. Moreover, using a chemical rescue approach, we also demonstrate that the ca...
Holographic video display using digital micromirrors (Invited Paper)

We have established that the digital micromirror device (DMD), a component of the Texas Instrument Digital Light Processing system, can be used as a holographic medium by calculating a computer-generated hologram (CGH) and projecting multiple objects at various distances with a single hologram. Like other spatial light modulators (SLM), the DMD has the dynamic capability to display holograms at video rates. Unlike other SLMs, the high reflectivity of the DMD provides the intensity necessary to project a holographic 3D scene. We have characterized many of the properties for utilizing the DMD for holography, including the grating effect of the mirror arrays, resolution, viewing angle, field of view and the number of gray levels that can be displayed by the DMD. Several techniques and algorithms that were investigated to calculate the CGH for vivid display with a DMD are discussed. Prototypes of a holographic real image projection system and a virtual image viewer are being pursued. Since a good, low cost medium for displaying holographic projections does not yet exist, we are developing a volumetric display system consisting of a series of liquid-crystal layers with sequencing electronics. Analysis of image definition, inverted image overlap, and depth of field associated with the current projection system design are also presented. Potential uses of holographic viewing systems are reviewed along with methods for overcoming the challenges of using the DMD for the next generation holographic projection system.
ONE LOOP-INDUCED WZH COUPLING IN THE TWO HIGGS DOUBLET MODEL

Although absent at the tree level in models with only doublet and singlet Higgs representations, the WZH coupling can be induced at the one-loop level. We examine the size of this induced coupling in the two Higgs doublet model due to fermion as well as Higgs/gauge boson loops. Such couplings could provide a new mechanism for charged Higgs production at colliders and are ‘backgrounds’ to new physics beyond the Standard Model. We find, however, that these couplings are very weak for all regions of the parameter space explored.
Dimensions of Cylindrical High Potential Bushings

ABSTRACTA mathematical investigation is made of the relations involving the dimensions of cylindrical high potential insulating bushings. Use is made of the equation giving the maximum potential gradient in the dielectric, when a belled outside shield is used.For a minimum cross-sectional area of the ring of dielectric it is found that r=1.255Vf/gmR=2.218rwhere r is the inside diameter of dielectric in cm, R is the outside diameter. V is the maximum line voltage in kilovolts, f is the factor of safety, and gm is the dielectric strength in kilovolts per centimeter.
Standard enthalpies of formation of some 3d transition metal silicides by high temperature direct synthesis calorimetry

The standard enthalpies of formation of aluminides in the binary systems Sc-Al, Ti-Al, V-A1, Cr-Al, Mn-Al and Co-Al have been determined by direct synthesis calorimetry at 1473 ± 2 K. The following values are reported: ΔHf (SeAl) = — 41.1 ± 1.5 kJ/g. atom; ΔH0 f (TiAl3) = — 36.6 ± 1.2 kJ/g. atom; ΔH0 f (V5Al8) = — 34.0 ± 0.5 kJ/g. atom; ΔH0 f (VAl3) = — 27.8 ±0.9 kJ/g. atom; ΔH0 f (Cr5Al8) = — 16.9 ± 1.8 kJ/g. atom; ΔH0 f (Mn3Al2) = — 23.4 ± 0.8 kJ/g. atom; ΔH0 f (Mn4Al) = — 15.1 ± 1.0 kJ/g. atom; ΔH0 f (CoAl) = — 53.4 ±1.4 kJ/g. atom. The results are compared with earlier experimental data, with predicted values from Miedema’s semi-empirical model, and with predicted values for equiatomic compounds published by Pasturel et al. The enthalpies of formation of the 3d aluminides are also compared with our earlier data for 4d and 5d transition metal aluminium alloys.
Percutaneous lumbar discectomy using Ho:YAG laser

The Ho:YAG laser is used to perform percutaneous lumbar discectomy in swine to evaluate the procedure as a potential clinical tool.
Magnetization-controlled spin transport in DyAs/GaAs layers

Electrical transport properties of DyAs epitaxial layers grown on GaAs have been investigated at various temperatures and at magnetic fields up to 12 T. The measured magnetoresistances show two distinct peaks at fields around 0.2 and 2.5 T which are believed to arise from the strong spin-disorder scattering occurring at the phase transition boundaries induced by the external magnetic field. An empirical magnetic phase diagram is deduced from the temperature dependence of magnetoresistance, and the anisotropic transport properties are also presented for various magnetic field directions with respect to the current flow.
Sublimation and the third law of thermodynamics

Abstract This paper is a discussion of the question: does the existence of non-zero heats of sublimation at absolute zero constitute a violation of the third law of thermodynamics? It is shown that there is no violation, even though the vapor must behave like a classical ideal gas and have an entropy per particle proportional to the reciprocal temperature, because the number of particles in the vapor phase vanishes exponentially as absolute zero is approached.
Graphical formulation of recoupling theory for any compact group

Abstract The general diagrammatic method for calculating and working with Racah and related coefficients is presented here for the first time in its most general form. The discussion should be useful to all those who are interested in computing and using coupling techniques for any compact group. The present paper deals with general formalism. It is to be emphasized that, unlike earlier treatments of diagram methods, the graphical equations presented here are an exact transcription of algebraic relations involving 3-j, 6-j, 9-j, etc. coefficients, including all phase factors.
The effects of some tetracyclines on synchronously growing cultures of Escherichia coli B/r

Samples of synchronously growing cultures of Escherichia coli B/r removed at predetermined time intervals after synchronization were added to solutions containing bactericidal concentrations of tetra-cycline. Three active antibacterials, 7-nitro-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline, 9-amino-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline and 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline, and one inactive compound, 7-chloroisotetra-cycline, were studied. Survival curves for the active agents, determined using samples of culture differing in age, were of constant slope for a given tetracycline. It is concluded that interruption of protein synthesis is the primary mode of action at bactericidal concentrations of tetracyclines, the same process as has been established for the action of the tetracyclines at the lower bacteriostatic concentrations.
Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Lobectomy Cost Variability: Implications for a Bundled Payment Era

Background In 2013, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services began its Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Initiative. If payments are to be bundled, surgeons must be able to predict which patients are at risk for more costly care. We aim to identify factors driving variability in hospital costs after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for lung cancer. Methods Our institutional Society of Thoracic Surgeons data were queried for patients undergoing VATS lobectomy for lung cancer during fiscal years 2010 to 2011. Clinical outcomes data were linked with hospital financial data to determine operative and postoperative costs. Linear regression models were created to identify the impact of preoperative risk factors and perioperative outcomes on cost. Results One hundred forty-nine VATS lobectomies for lung cancer were reviewed. The majority of patients had clinical stage IA lung cancer (67.8%). Median length of stay was 4 days, with 30-day mortality and morbidity rates of 0.7% and 37.6%, respectively. Mean operative and postoperative costs per case were $8,492.31 (± $2,238.76) and $10,145.50 (± $7,004.71), respectively, resulting in an average overall hospital cost of $18,637.81 (± $8,244.12) per patient. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary artery disease, as well as postoperative urinary tract infections and blood transfusions, were associated with statistically significant variability in cost. Conclusions Variability in cost associated with VATS lobectomy is driven by assorted patient and clinical variables. Awareness of such factors can help surgeons implement quality improvement initiatives and focus resource utilization. Understanding risk-adjusted clinical-financial data is critical to designing payment arrangements that include financial and performance accountability, and thus ultimately increasing the value of health care.
Experimenter Effect in the Study of Invertebrate Behavior

Psychologists have shown increasing interest in the behavior of organisms other than man and rat, a development welcomed on theoretical grounds (Beach, 1960). Particular interest has been shown in the study of the behavior and behavior modification of rhe planarian, an invertebrate placed low on the phylogenetic scale. A number of highly relevant, but frequently uncontrolled, variables apparently have contributed to the differences observed in the behavior of planaria by various investigators. For example, Halas, James, and Stone (1961) found light, which has been regarded as a neutral stimulus for planaria, to serve as a weak unconditioned stimulus. Differential responsivity to electrical polarity was shown to be another relevant, but generally uncontrolled, variable by Halas, Mulry, and DeBoer.' The purpose of the present srudy was to determine the extent to which E himself might be a relevant but uncontrolled variable affecting research on the behavior of planaria. Recent smdies have shown E to be a highly relevant variable in determining the results of research employing human or rat Ss (Rosenchal, 1961 ). The specific questions to which the present study addressed itself were: (1) Do differenc Es obtain significantly different behavior from their invercebrate Ss, and (2) Do differenc Es obtain significantly different degrees of behavioral modification from their invertebrate Ss? METHOD
Pleiotropic Regulation of Central Carbohydrate Metabolism in Escherichia coli via the Gene csrA

The carbon storage regulator gene csrA has been shown previously to dramatically affect the biosynthesis of intracellular glycogen in Escherichia coli through its negative control of the expression of two glycogen biosynthetic operons and the gluconeogenic gene pckA (Romeo, T., Gong, M., Liu, M. Y., and Brun-Zinkernagel, A. M.(1993) J. Bacteriol. 175, 4744-4755). Examination of the effects of csrA on several enzymes, genes, and metabolites of central carbohydrate metabolism now establishes a more extensive role for csrA in directing intracellular carbon flux. Phosphoglucomutase and the gluconeogenic enzymes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase were found to be under the negative control of csrA, and these enzyme activities were maximal during the early stationary phase of growth. The enzymes glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, triose-phosphate isomerase, and enolase were positively regulated by csrA. Thus, csrA exerts reciprocal effects on glycolysis versus gluconeogenesis and glycogen biosynthesis. The glycolytic isozymes pyruvate kinase F and A (encoded by pykF and pykA, respectively) and phosphofructokinase I and II (pfkA and pfkB, respectively) exhibited differential regulation via csrA. Since the individual members of these isozyme pairs are allosterically regulated by different cellular metabolites, csrA is also capable of fine-tuning the allosteric regulation of glycolysis. In contrast, the expression of genes of the pentose phosphate pathway was weakly or negligibly affected by csrA.
Amplitude effects on virtual PMM tests

Planar Motion Mechanism (PMM) testing provides a means of determining the performance characteristics (often referred to as control derivatives or maneuvering coefficients) that populate vehicle quasi-steady state-space models. While the general nature of these tests is fairly well established, the details of execution and post processing methods vary between experimenters. This study employs numerical simulations to examine the use of a number of common force decomposition models across a range of amplitudes of oscillation. The results show that the force decomposition models examined perform similarly well at low amplitude, however accuracy appears to decline at higher amplitudes of motion with the increasing prevalence of unmodeled viscous flow phenomena.