cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of pressure sensitivity and notch geometry on notch-tip fields

Plane-strain stress and slip-line fields near the sharp and round tips of wedge-shaped notches in perfectly plastic pressure-sensitive materials are investigated to illustrate the effects of pressure sensitivity and notch geometry on notch-tip fields. The Drucker-Prager yield criterion is adopted to describe the material yielding behavior. Notch-tip stress and slip-line fields are first established for a sharp notch. Then the notch-tip stress and slip-line fields for a round notch tip are obtained. The results indicate that for sharp wedge-shaped notches, as the pressure sensitivity increases, the opening stress and hydrostatic tension ahead of the tip decrease. As the wedge angle increases, the opening stress and hydrostatic tension ahead of the tip decrease. For round wedge-shaped notches, as the pressure sensitivity increases, the extent of the exponential spiral zone ahead of the tip increases. As the wedge angle increases, the extent of the exponential spiral zone ahead of the tip decreases and the maximum opening stress and hydrostatic tension ahead of the tip decrease. The closed-form notch-tip stress solutions are useful for design of plastic structural components.
Effects of dietary glycerin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and rumen metabolism of beef cattle1

Our objectives were to determine the effects of replacing corn with glycerin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, ruminal metabolism, and fiber disappearance in beef cattle. In Exp. 1 heifers (initial BW = 242 ± 32 kg) were fed 1 of 3 treatments from d 1 to 85 (growing phase): (1) 0%, (2) 10%, or (3) 20% glycerin (DM basis). From d 86 to 167 (finishing phase), they were fed a common diet. During the growing phase, ADG and G:F decreased (P ≤ 0.01) with increasing glycerin inclusion, but DMI was not different (P = 0.84). During the finishing phase, heifers fed 10% glycerin in the growing phase had increased (P = 0.05) final BW and HCW and the greatest (trend; P = 0.09) marbling scores. Treatment did not affect (P > 0.15) back fat, KPH, YG, or LM area. In Exp. 2 ruminally fistulated steers were fed 3 treatments in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square: (1) 0%, (2) 8%, and (3) 16% glycerin (DM basis). Increasing dietary glycerin decreased (trend; P = 0.06) DMI. Glycerin inclusion did not affect mean ruminal pH (P = 0.61), 24-h in situ DM (P = 0.38) or NDF disappearance (P = 0.51). There was a glycerin × time interaction (P = 0.05) for acetate concentration. At 3 and 6 h after feeding, acetate was reduced with increasing glycerin. Mean propionate concentration (P = 0.01) increased, whereas mean acetate-to-propionate ratio (P < 0.01) and mean ruminal H2S (linear; P = 0.05) decreased, with increasing glycerin. Fiber digestion was not increased in steers fed increasing glycerin. But, ruminal propionate was increased and marbling was greatest in heifers fed 10% glycerin.
A potential role for the plasmin(ogen) system in the posttranslational cleavage of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1

L1 is a neural recognition molecule that promotes neural developmental and regenerative processes. Posttranslational cleavage of L1 is believed to be important for regulating its function in vivo, but little is known of the proteolytic systems responsible. In this study we present evidence that plasmin can regulate both L1 expression and function. The addition of plasmin to cell lines results in a dose-dependent loss of surface L1 expression, with the simultaneous appearance of soluble L1 species. The addition of plasminogen to primary neurons and melanoma cells also resulted in the generation of plasmin and the concomitant release of L1. One product of plasmin-mediated cleavage is an amino-terminal fragment of approximately 140 kDa that has been previously described as a natural posttranslational cleavage product in vivo. This fragment was confirmed to result from cleavage at two sites in the middle of the third fibronectin-like domain of L1. Cleavage at a further site, proximal to the transmembrane domain of L1, was also observed at higher plasmin concentrations. Plasmin was further confirmed to abrogate homophilic L1 interactions required for cellular aggregation. Based on these findings we propose that plasmin is likely to be an important regulator of L1-mediated processes including those documented in the nervous system.
Chairman’s Overview on In Vivo Tests

For a number of years, there have been attempts to delineate biological indicators of the progression of the process of carcinogenesis, other than purely morphologic or histopathologic characteristics. Such indicators or “markers” would facilitate following the course of model experiments, might facilitate earlier intervention and treatment in clinical situations, and might be followed as an indicator that there was favorable or unfavorable response to treatment. Within the past decade, the increased emphasis in the area of markers has led to reports of antigenic and enzymic indicators of the presence of tumors. Although further research has not always supported these preliminary results, in other cases it has strengthened the case for the validity of the markers.
Effects of weaning-period length on growth and health of preconditioned, spring-born beef calves originating from the Great Plains. II. Early weaning1

Angus × Hereford calves (n = 409; initial BW = 163 ± 31 kg) were weaned early (~ 130 d of age) and assigned randomly to treatments that corresponded to a length of time (d) between separation from their dam and transport to a feedlot: 0 (i.e., nonweaned), 15, 30, 45, or 60 d. Weaning date varied by treatment; transport occurred on a common date and at a common age (160 ± 19 d) for all treatments. Calves were vaccinated against common diseases 14 d before maternal separation and again on the day of maternal separation. Calves were transported < 20 km to a ranch-of-origin weaning facility following separation from dams and penned according to treatment. Calves were fed a complete diet (16.9% CP, 1.21 Mcal of NEg/kg) ad libitum. On a common date, all calves were transported 4 h to a commercial auction market and held for 14 h. They were transported subsequently 1 h to a feedlot. Calf BW at transport was not different between weaned and nonweaned calves (P = 0.13) but decreased linearly (P = 0.01) as the length of the ranch-of-origin weaning period increased. Pre-transport morbidity increased linearly (P = 0.05) as length of the weaning period increased. Calves not weaned before feedlot placement tended to have lesser (P = 0.08) ADG during receiving than weaned calves; moreover, ADG increased linearly (P = 0.02) as length of the ranch-of-origin weaning period increased. There were no treatment differences (P ≥ 0.24) in morbidity during receiving. In addition, finishing ADG, days on feed, slaughter BW, and carcass characteristics were not different (P ≥ 0.11) between weaned and nonweaned calves. Cow BCS change from 60 d before to 60 d after transport of calves increased linearly (P = 0.01) as weaning-period length increased. Cows with calves assigned to the 0-d pretransport weaning treatment had lesser (P = 0.03) pregnancy rates than cows with calves weaned before transport; moreover, pregnancy rate increased linearly (P = 0.03) with successively earlier weaning dates. Under the conditions of this experiment, ranch-of-origin weaning periods ≥ 15 d improved ADG of early-weaned calves during feedlot receiving but had minimal effects on health, finishing performance, or carcass characteristics.
WP760, a new DNA-binding agent with unique melanoma selectivity

A219 Our modular approach to DNA-binding agents resulted in a preparation of library molecules with unique DNA-binding modes and interesting biological properties. One of our compounds WP760 (NSC-688130), a bis-intercalating minor-groove-binder consisting of two molecules of modified doxorubicin (DXR) connected via 4’-amines using p-xylyl as a linker, displayed unique melanoma selectivity. The NCI’s in vitro disease-oriented primary anti-tumor screen using 60 cell lines revealed that WP760 is 10- to over 100-fold more cytotoxic towards melanoma cells than other types of tumor cell lines. Thus far, the mechanisms responsible for the increased activity in melanoma cells are not known. We found that WP760 suppressed melanoma cell growth and the formation of colonies, in vitro, at considerably lower concentrations than DXR. Specifically, WP760 inhibited the growth of BRO cells in a concentration-dependent manner over a range between 0.025 and 2.5 μM, with an estimated IC50 value of 0.14 μM using a 72 hr incubation period. For comparison, the IC50 value for DXR was found to be 2.71 μM (ratio IC50 DXR/IC50 WP760 = 19.4). In addition, the ability of BRO cells to form colonies was significantly reduced by WP760 and DXR at nanomolar concentrations using a 10 day incubation period. For example, 0.1 and 0.25 nM WP760 inhibited the number of colonies by 44.8% and 98.3%, respectively. Noticeably, WP760 at the highest concentration used in this experiment suppressed the formation of colonies entirely whereas DXR had no effect. Moreover, WP760 induced cell death through induction of apoptosis and necrosis. This was confirmed in a time-and dose-dependent manner by staining with Annexin-V 7-AAD and propidium iodide using a microcapillary flow cytometry system. The results indicate that apoptosis was observed as early as 24 hrs in a concentration range between 0.025 to 2.5 μM WP760. Typically, the amount of apoptotic BRO cells increased up to 0.25 μM WP760, after which necrosis predominated. For example, 0.25 μM WP760 induced 60.2% apoptotic and 19.4% necrotic/late apoptotic cells. In contrast, a smaller amount of apoptotic (20.3 %) vs. necrotic cells (66.6%) were observed after treatment with 2.5 μM WP760 for 3 days. In addition, we assessed the toxicity of WP760 and DXR emulsified in Tween 20:DMSO (10:90, v/v) in groups of non-tumor-bearing BD21F1 mice. The doses which induced 50% lethality in mice after a single intravenous administration were 16.3 mg/kg for WP760 compared to 28.4 mg/kg of body weight for DXR after 14 days of observation (ratio LD50 DXR/LD50 WP760 = 1.7). In conclusion, our data indicate that WP760 exerts unique and potent anti-tumor activity on melanoma cells in vitro and has a reasonable therapeutic window in mice when compared to DXR suggesting a high priority for further preclinical investigations.
Lipid changes in plasma, alpha lipoproteins, liver and aorta of chicks fed different fats.

SummaryGrowing chicks were fed either a low-fat diet or this diet supplemented with coconut, olive or corn oil, with and without added cholesterol. In the absence of dietary cholesterol, the fats fed produced higher plasma cholesterol levels than did the low-fat control diet; no significant differences between fats were observed.In the cholesterol-fed chick, coconut oil induced a significantly higher plasma cholesterol level than did either olive or corn oil. With cholesterol feeding, all of the fat-supplemented groups had higher plasma, liver and aorta cholesterol levels than did the group fed the low-fat control diet. In spite of lower plasma cholesterol levels, the olive oil, cholesterol-fed chicks had higher liver cholesterol levels than chicks fed coconut oil and cholesterol. The lipid phosphorus levels, in general, paralleled cholesterol.The percentage of plasma cholesterol and lipid phosphorus bound to the plasma α-lipoproteins decreased with increasing plasma cholesterol levels. The absolute amoun...
Optical Beamform Engineering Using Phase and Amplitude Coded Nanophotonic Antenna Arrays

A novel method to generate optical beams using on-chip silicon nanophotonic antenna arrays with engineered phase and amplitude is demonstrated. An 8×8 nanophotonic phased array to generate and manipulate Gaussian beams is shown.
Management of pancreatic endocrine tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

The rationale for a multifaceted operative procedure in all MEN 1 patients with pancreaticoduodenal neuroendocrine disease who present without liver metastases is presented. The results in 36 patients with MEN 1 ZES are encouraging in that more than two-thirds are eugastrinemic and none have liver metastases after follow-up as long as 20 years.
Methane emissions from global rice fields: Magnitude, spatiotemporal patterns, and environmental controls

Given the importance of the potential positive feedback between methane (CH4) emissions and climate change, it is critical to accurately estimate the magnitude and spatio-temporal patterns of CH4 emissions from global rice fields and better understand the underlying determinants governing the emissions. Here, we used a coupled biogeochemical model in combination with satellite-derived contemporary inundation area to quantify the magnitude and spatio-temporal variation of CH4 emissions from global rice fields and attribute the environmental controls of CH4 emissions during 1901-2010. Our study estimated that CH4 emissions from global rice fields varied from 18.3 ± 0.1 Tg CH4/yr (Avg. ± 1 std. dev.) under intermittent irrigation to 38.8 ± 1.0 Tg CH4/yr under continuous flooding in the 2000s, indicating that the magnitude of CH4 emissions from global rice fields was largely dependent on different water schemes. Over the past 110 years, our simulated results showed that global CH4 emissions from rice cultivation increased 85%. The expansion of rice fields was the dominant factor for the increasing trends of CH4 emissions, followed by elevated CO2 concentration, and nitrogen fertilizer use. On the contrary, climate had the negative effect on the cumulative CH4 emissions for most of the years over the study period. Our results imply that CH4 emissions from global rice fields could be reduced through implementing optimized irrigation practices. Therefore, the future magnitude of CH4 emissions from rice fields will be determined by the human demand for rice production as well as the implementation of optimized water management practices.
Association Between Perceived Medical School Diversity Climate and Change in Depressive Symptoms Among Medical Students: A Report from the Medical Student CHANGE Study.

Abstract Purpose To determine whether perceptions of the medical school diversity climate are associated with depression symptoms among medical students. Methods Longitudinal web-based survey conducted in the fall of 2010 and spring of 2014 administered to a national sample of medical students enrolled in 49 schools across the U.S. ( n = 3756). Negative diversity climate measured by perceptions of the institution's racial climate; exposure to negative role modeling by medical educators; frequency of witnessing discrimination in medical school. Depression symptoms measured by the PROMIS Emotional Distress–Depression Short-Form. Results 64% of students reported a negative racial climate; 81% reported witnessing discrimination toward other students at least once, and 94% reported witnessing negative role modeling. Negative racial climate, witnessed discrimination, and negative role modeling were independently and significantly associated with an increase in depression symptoms between baseline and follow-up. Adjusting for students' personal experiences of mistreatment, associations between depressive symptoms and negative racial climate and negative role modeling, remained significant (.72 [.51–.93]; .33 [.12–.54], respectively). Conclusions Among medical students, greater exposure to a negative medical school diversity climate was associated with an increase in self-reported depressive symptoms.
Ionic Strength, Surface Charge, and Packing Density Effects on the Properties of Peptide Self-Assembled Monolayers

The various environmental parameters of packing density, ionic strength, and solution charge were examined for their effects on the properties of the immobilized peptide mimotope CH19 (CGSGSGSQLGPYELWELSH) that binds with the therapeutic antibody Trastuzumab (Herceptin) on a gold substrate. The immobilization of CH19 onto gold was examined with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The QCM data showed the presence of intermolecular interactions resulting in the increase of viscoelastic properties of the peptide self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The CH19 SAM was diluted with CS7 (CGSGSGS) to decrease the packing density as CH19/CS7. The packing density and ionic strength parameters were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry, and QCM. AFM and ellipsometry showed a distinct conformational difference between CH19 and CH19/CS7, indicating a relationship between packing density and conformational state of the immobilized peptide. The CH19 SAM thickness was 40 A with a rough topology, while the C...
Incidence and Outcome of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (cGVHD) Using National Institute of Health (NIH) Criteria.

BACKGROUND: cGVHD, defined as GVHD after day 100 from allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT), is a common complication, with impact on morbidity and survival. cGVHD has been previously classified as limited or extensive using Glucksberg criteria, which have not been reproducible or prognostic for late non-relapse mortality (NRM). Recently the NIH consensus criteria were proposed, but the ability of this classification to predict outcome of various subtypes of cGVHD is unknown. HYPOTHESES: Do various subtypes of GVHD affect overall survival (OS) or NRM in patients (pts) with GVHD after day 100 from SCT? Is the NIH severity scale sensitive to change in cGVHD? Does the NIH severity scale predict OS or NRM? METHOD: Pts undergoing their 1st SCT for a hematological malignancy from 1/2001 and 12/2003 were studied. 110 pts alive beyond day 100 after SCT met criteria for the retrospective study, and excluded pts who recieved donor lymphocyte infusion or a 2nd SCT. GVHD after day 100 was classified using NIH consensus criteria as follows: persistent acute GVHD (aGVHD) (assigned at day 100), recurrent aGVHD, delayed aGVHD, classic cGVHD, overlap GVHD (all assigned at time of onset). Severity scores were assigned to pts with classic and overlap GVHD at onset and peak. Survival was measured as OS from time of transplant and time of onset of GVHD. Cumulative NRM was also computed. RESULT: 37 (34%) had no GVHD and 73 (66%) pts had GVHD. The OS was 44% vs. 66% (no GVHD vs. GVHD, P=0.026). Time to death was shorter in pts without GVHD (0.73 yrs vs. 1.27 yrs, P=0.002). Of the 73 pts with GVHD, 14 (19%) had limited and 59 (80%) had extensive cGVHD. Pts with limited GVHD were reclassified as persistent aGVHD (1, 7%), recurrent aGVHD (4, 29%), and classic cGVHD (9, 64%).Pts with extensive cGVHD were reclassified as persistent (2, 3%), delayed (2, 3%), recurrent (18, 31%), classic chronic (22, 37%) and overlap GVHD (15, 26%). 31 (42%) had no worsening and 42 (58%) pts had worsening of GVHD. 65% of pts with classic cGVHD (22/31) had worsening compared to other types (20 of 42, 47%) (P=0.046). Severity score increased in 12 of 31 pts (39%) who had clinical worsening of GVHD (kappa coefficient=0.31). The OS of pts with various types of GVHD as proposed by the NIH criteria were significantly different (P CONCLUSION: The OS with different NIH subtypes of GVHD after day 100 from SCT varies and is superior for pts with classic cGVHD. Global severity score may be useful as a descriptive clinical indicator of morbidity and the need for immunosuppressive therapy, but within the limits of our study, this score has no prognostic value with respect to survival and did not change with clinical worsening of GVHD.
Deliberative Moments: Understanding Deliberation as an Interactional Accomplishment

Deliberation is typically theorized as a normative ideal that can only be accomplished momentarily. Drawing from practical theory, this essay develops the concept of deliberative moments that identifies key elements of how deliberation is coconstructed and accomplished in interaction. Similar to their analog dialogic moments, deliberative moments are intense moments of awareness of the self, the other, and the issue. Deliberative moments involve occurrence of three elements: a reason-giving exchange marked by disagreement, stance indicators of listening and respect, and inclusive discourse. We define each of these categories and provide empirical examples.
Investigation of Ni/Fe/Mg zeolite-supported catalysts in steam reforming of tar using simulated-toluene as model compound

Abstract Catalytic performance of Ni/zeolite, Ni-Fe/zeolite, and Ni-Fe-Mg/zeolite catalysts were investigated in steam reforming of toluene as a biomass tar model compound to explore promotional effect of MgO and Fe on Ni/zeolite support. The Ni-Fe-Mg/zeolite catalysts with optimum metallic composition showed higher catalytic performance over corresponding monometallic Ni and Fe catalysts and Ni-Fe/zeolite (bimetallic) catalysts. Addition of Mg to Ni-Fe/zeolite catalyst enhanced the tar reforming reactions and increased the carbon deposition tolerance. The results suggest that Ni-Fe/zeolite and Ni-Fe-Mg/zeolite catalysts have great potential for application in the steam reforming of biomass tar.
The Promise, Growth, and Reality of Mobile Health — Another Data-free Zone

Mobile health (mHealth) tools and apps are proliferating and are increasingly being used by patients and clinicians, many of them in low- and middle-income countries. But the evidence supporting most mHealth interventions is still limited.
Applying remote sensing to urban ecosystem dynamics: Opportunities for understanding and managing the ballona wetland system in Los Angeles

Anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems are prevalent and pose significant risks to vulnerable systems. In particular, wetland ecosystems are often found in urban centers with dense populations and rapid changes. Wetlands provide opportunities to study impacts of rapid urbanization and expansion, climate effects and pollution. The outcomes of human activities directly impact wetlands through coupled human-natural processes, including activities such as agriculture, oil extraction and resulting land cover changes, as well as indirect effects across the entire global biosphere. Here we examine human impacts of the last several years on the La Ballona Wetland Complex in Los Angeles, California, and discuss how remote sensing techniques and modeling can provide better understanding not only for this important wetland area in a megacity but for other wetland areas in other parts of the world.
LED advances accelerate universal access to electric lighting

Abstract A rapid increase in the performance and quality of white LED light sources has changed the dynamics of electricity access in the last 10 years, reaching tens of millions of people with electric light who previously had no viable alternatives to fuel-based lighting, which is dangerous and expensive. Eliminating fuel-based lighting is a key public health, safety, social equality, and environmental opportunity that is now achievable. Technology advances in LEDs, other super-efficient appliances, solar photovoltaic generation, advanced batteries, and coordinating information technology systems have combined to significantly expand the reach of off-grid energy systems. With support and effort, it is plausible that small “pico-solar” and “solar home” systems could serve over a billion people within a generation, providing basic but highly valued services. Continued progress can be achieved with attention to continued improvements in technology, supporting a growing range of new businesses and enterprises in energy access markets, and synergy with broader human development effort around access to clean water, financial inclusion, and fair access to resources.
Excitation Functions of Compression and Collective Flow in Central Au+Au Reactions from Bevalac/Sis to AGS

Experiments at Brookhaven’s AGS have already revealed much interesting new physics during the last few years[1, 2, 3]. In the next few years several important experiments will be carried out at AGS to further study the properties of hot and dense hadronic matter, and to search for the signals for chiral symmetry restoration and/or Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) formation. Among the proposed experiments, systematic studies of Au+Au reactions at several beam momenta between 2 and 12 GeV/c will be carried out by the E895 and E866 collaborations. These experiments are interesting and important as it has been predicted based on hydrodynamical models that the QGP phase transition may occur in heavy-ion collisions at energies between E lab /A= 2– GeV[4, 5, 6]Since one of the necessary conditions for forming the QGP is to form a sufficient large volume of hadronic matter in which the energy density is higher than the QGP critical density, we shall therefore first study the excitation function of compression. Furthermore, since compression will result in the collective flow in the expansion phase of the reaction, we shall also study the excitation functions of the transverse and radial flow.
Studies of the Echo Polarization from High Gradient Profiles

In a previous report, the phenomenon of interference fringes on swept low-frequency polarization records have been interpreted by Brunnschweiler1 as formed from two overlapping echoes. On further examination, this has been found to be inadequate to explain the phenomenon. In the present report, the interference fringes are interpreted as formed from the waves of two different modes reflected by a high gradient sporadic layer in the E-region. This interpretation has shown satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.
Parabolic Equations: Monte Carlo Method

This chapter focuses on the Monte Carlo method applicable to linear parabolic partial differential equations. A numerical approximation to the solution of a linear parabolic partial differential equation at a single point is obtained. Simulation of the motion of a random particle may be used to approximate the solution to linear parabolic equations. The steps for this method are straightforward. First, approximate the elliptic part of the given parabolic partial differential equation by a finite difference method. Rewrite the finite difference formula as a recursive function for the value of the unknown at any given point. Then, interpret this recursive formula as a set of transition probabilities that determine the motion of a random particle. By creating a finite difference scheme for the time derivative in the differential equation, a natural time scale will be associated with every step of the particle.
Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus

This chapter discusses the peste des petits ruminants virus. It is also called Kata and it is a species of the Morbillivirus genus. It belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. This virus causes a rinderpest-like disease of goats and sheep manifested by ulcerative stomatitis, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, and secondary pneumonia often preceding death. Goats and sheep are the hosts to the peste des petits ruminants virus. This disease is endemic in West Africa, but it has been reported from Central Africa and the Middle East. The similarity of the disease to rinderpest was first reported in 1956. Vaccines for the disease have been developed. It has been hypothesized that the virus of the disease evolved from the rinderpest virus and became adapted to small ruminants in West Africa. Agar gel immunodiffusion, complement fixation, and virus neutralization are some tests that are used to diagnose the peste des petits ruminants virus.
Sustainable Mobility: Lithium, Rare Earth Elements, and Electric Vehicles

Recognition of the importance of climate change and energy security has led to interest in electrified vehicles. Electrified vehicles contain substantial amounts of lithium and rare earth elements. There has been concern that the supplies of lithium may not be sufficient to support the development of a large scale global fleet of electric vehicles. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the global lithium resources and compared it to an assessment of global lithium demand from 2010 to 2100 that assumes rapid and widespread adoption of electrified vehicles. We show that that even with rapid and widespread adoption of electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries lithium resources are sufficient to support demand until at least 2100. The future availability of rare earth elements (REEs) is of concern due to monopolistic supply conditions, environmentally unsustainable mining practices, and rapid demand growth. We evaluated potential future demand scenarios for REEs with a focus on the issue of co-mining. In the absence of efficient reuse and recycling or the development of technologies which use lower amounts of Dy and Nd, following a path consistent with stabilization of atmospheric CO2 at 450 ppm may lead to an increase in demand of more than 700 and 2,600 % for Nd and Dy, respectively, over the next 25 years.
The predictive power of low-arousal positive affect

Relative to high-arousal positive affect (HAPA), low-arousal positive affect (LAPA) is less likely to be included in research on positive affect and emotion. To gauge the possible cost of omitting LAPA from such research, two studies were conducted assessing the unique contribution of LAPA (e.g., calm, relaxed, content) in predicting variance in measures of well-being and mental health above and beyond HAPA (e.g., alert, excited, enthusiastic). In two studies, multiple regression analyses revealed that LAPA uniquely predicted life satisfaction, depression, feeling good, mindfulness, anxiety, and stress beyond HAPA. Furthermore, the results indicated that when both LAPA and HAPA were in the regression model, LAPA significantly predicted variance in mindfulness, anxiety, and stress whereas HAPA did not. These data indicate that the inclusion of LAPA in research can improve the field’s ability to investigate the causes and effects of positive affectivity. Theoretical perspectives on different types of positive affect and practical implications for researchers are discussed.
Identifying Electronic Health Record Usability And Safety Challenges In Pediatric Settings

Pediatric populations are uniquely vulnerable to the usability and safety challenges of electronic health records (EHRs), particularly those related to medication, yet little is known about the spe...
Last Words in Volume 12:1

Marchand writes about his assumption of the editorship of the Journal and pays tribute to the previous editor, Rudolf Kirk.
LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE DIMENSIONS ARE LARGER AND ARE AT GREATER RISK FOR RESIDUAL LEAK IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VERSUS NON-CHRONIC ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion with the Watchman device (WD) reduces thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and intolerance to oral anticoagulation. In patients with chronic AF LAA size can dramatically increase, but this has not previously been formally reported. We
Emoto: From Phone to Emotive Robotic AI Sidekick

In this paper we introduce the concept of Phone as an Emotive AI sidekick through a set of novel interactions where in a multi-axis actuated robotic charging stand we made acts as a 'body' for the AI on our phones. The novel interactions begin with how the robotic platform embodies and thus communicates our devices' understanding of the world, continues with the affordance for more varied expressive output, and works towards extending current phone functionality to be far-field, context-driven interactions.
Advances in Wellbeing in the MENA Region: Accentuating the Positive

While positive psychology is a relatively new science, the notion of wellbeing itself is not novel and has always existed across all societies throughout history. In this chapter, we trace the origins of contemporary civilizations across the Middle East/North Africa (MENA) region from ancient (c. 9200 BCE) to modern times (2018 CE) and explore their notions of social and political wellbeing. The region’s past is characterized by remarkable intellectual and past social accomplishments, especially during the “Islamic Golden Age” (8th–14th centuries CE). Coming up to the modern era, we then highlight original data spanning the period of 1970–2011 to summarize the major drivers of the region’s social development and wellbeing as well as the challenges it confronts, particularly considering new political and military developments emerging in the region.
Markov Chain Modeling for High-Flux Single-Photon Detection with Dead Times

Accurate modeling of high-flux single-photon counting systems requires accounting for the dependence of photon detection times. The limiting distribution of the resulting Markov chain can be used for lidar depth estimation and histogram correction.
ϕ-Coordinated modules for quantum vertex algebras and associative algebras

Abstract We study N -graded ϕ-coordinated modules for a general quantum vertex algebra V of a certain type in terms of an associative algebra A ˜ ( V ) introduced by Y.-Z. Huang. Among the main results, we associate a sequence of associative algebras A ˜ n ( V ) for n ∈ N with A ˜ 0 ( V ) = A ˜ ( V ) and we establish a bijection between the set of equivalence classes of irreducible N -graded ϕ-coordinated V-modules and the set of isomorphism classes of irreducible A ˜ ( V ) -modules. We also show that for a vertex operator algebra, rationality, regularity, and fusion rules are independent of the choice of the conformal vector.
THEORY AND APPLICATION OF A BI-METAL RING-STIFFENED CYLINDER UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE

An analytical study of the axisymmetric elastic deformations and stresses in a bi-metal ring-stiffened cylindrical shell under external hydrostatic pressure is given. A closed-form solution to the governing differential equation for the bi-metal case is obtained and compared with the uni-metal case. A parametric study is conducted by varying the Young's moduli ratio for the shell and stiffeners of a typical design. Trends in the vessel's critical collapse pressure, shell deflection, and principal stresses are analyzed and the significance of different failure criteria is examined. An approach for modifying current uni-metal design methodologies to accommodate bi-metal structures is suggested. Preliminary comparisons of resulting bi-metal designs with "equivalent" uni-metal designs indicate that a bi-metal pressure hull can have significant advantages. Finally, recommendations for further research studies are made.
Eusebius of Caesarea’s or Eusebius of Emesa’s Theophania ? Evidence from the Lemmata in Vaticanus Graecus 1611

This paper is a response to Alice Whealey’s proposal concerning the authorship of certain fragments traditionally assigned to Eusebius of Caesarea, arguing that they are more likely the work of his pupil, Eusebius of Emesa. The paper considers the manuscript evidence, specifically the lemmata in Vat.gr. 1611, in relation to the internal evidence considered by Whealey.
Improving productivity using government data: The case of US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid's ‘Nursing Home Compare’

The US Government’s Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) rates more than 15,000 nursing homes nationwide using a five-star scale. The outcomes are disseminated in various ways including a...
Development of ferulic acid/cyclodextrin inclusion complex nanofibers for fast-dissolving drug delivery system.

Abstract Production of electrospun nanofibrous mats of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with the incorporation of drug molecules would enable promising designing of fast dissolving delivery systems (FDDS) for oral treatments. Here, the single-step electrospinning technique has been applied to prepare cyclodextrin inclusion complex nanofibrous mats (CD-IC NM) of ferulic acid from complete aqueous systems without using any polymeric matrix. The free-standing ferulic acid/CD-IC NM have been electrospun from two different modified cyclodextrin derivatives of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (HP-γ-CD). The initial content of ferulic acid (1/1 ferulic acid/CD (molar ratio) and ~11% (w/w)) has been protected in case of both ferulic acid/CD-IC NM and so the electrospun nanofibrous mats have been fabricated by the ~100% loading efficiency. It has been detected from the in vitro release and disintegration tests that, the amorphous state of ferulic acid based on inclusion complex formation, and the highly porous feature and high surface area of nanofibrous mats have ensured the fast dissolution/release of ferulic acid and disintegration of nanofibrous mats into the liquid medium and artificial saliva. Herein, HP-γ-CD has formed inclusion complexes with ferulic acid more favorably than HP-β-CD and this has leaded to the existence of some un-complexed ferulic acid crystals in ferulic acid/HP-β-CD-IC NM while, ferulic acid has been completely complexed and is in amorphous state in ferulic acid/HP-γ-CD-IC NM. Furthermore, the thermal stability of ferulic acid has been enhanced as an inclusion complexation aid observed by the shift of thermal degradation temperature of ferulic acid from the range of ~120–200 °C to ~140–280 °C.
Love as the Fulfillment of Life: Transforming India at Amrita SeRVe

The recent years have witnessed an increased interest in the relationship between spirituality and entrepreneurship (Godwin, Neck, & D’Intino, Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion 13(1):1–17, 2016). This chapter explores the role of spirituality in social entrepreneurship illustrated through a case study of Amrita SeRVe, a nonprofit organization nestled in the backwaters of Kerala, India. Vibrating with spiritual dynamism and a deep sense of love and concern for others Amrita SeRVe thrives under a woman leader touching the lives of thousands. The chapter begins with an investigation into the meaning of spirituality and the distinguishing characteristics of women’s spirituality. The concepts are further elaborated by a conceptual model developed through a qualitative pilot research explaining the outcome of spirituality as a drive to the realization of empowerment for women leaders and the value of love in the process. My experiential understanding of working at Amrita SeRVe under the leadership of a spiritual woman resonates deeply with the conceptual model. The chapter delves into the conundrums of realizing meaning and purpose at one’s work environment, the value of love as the core principle of an organization, and its practical implications for social change.
WiFi mobility models for COVID-19 enable less burdensome and more localized interventions for university campuses

Infectious diseases, like COVID-19, pose serious challenges to university campuses, and they typically adopt closure as a non-pharmaceutical intervention to control spread early and ensure a gradual return to normalcy. These policies, like remote instruction (RI), reduce potential contact but also have broad side-effects on campus by hampering local economy, students learning outcomes, and community wellbeing. In this paper, we demonstrate that university policymakers can mitigate these tradeoffs by leveraging anonymized data from their WiFi infrastructure to learn community mobility (WO_SCPLOWIC_SCPLOWMO_SCPLOWOBC_SCPLOW) and in turn explore more granular policies like localized closures (LC). WO_SCPLOWIC_SCPLOWMO_SCPLOWOBC_SCPLOW can construct contact networks that capture behavior in a variety of spaces, highlighting new potential transmission pathways and temporal variation in contact behavior. Additionally, WO_SCPLOWIC_SCPLOWMO_SCPLOWOBC_SCPLOW enables us to design LC policies that close super-spreader locations on campus. On simulating disease spread with contact networks from WO_SCPLOWIC_SCPLOWMO_SCPLOWOBC_SCPLOW, we find that LC maintains the same reduction in cumulative infections as RI while showing greater reduction in peak infections and internal transmission. Moreover, LC reduces campus burden by closing fewer locations, forcing fewer students into completely online schedules, and requiring no additional isolation. WO_SCPLOWIC_SCPLOWMO_SCPLOWOBC_SCPLOW can empower universities to conceive and assess a variety of closure policies to prevent future outbreaks.
Comparison geometry of holomorphic bisectional curvature for Kähler manifolds and limit spaces

We give an analogue of triangle comparison for Kahler manifolds with a lower bound on the holomorphic bisectional curvature. We show that the condition passes to noncollapsed Gromov–Hausdorff limits. We discuss tangent cones and singular Kahler spaces.
The Repair of Central Nervous System Myelin

In this symposium, we will review our rationale and experience with pharmacologic strategies for the promotion of myelin repair in inflammatory demyelinating disease. The most common clinical form of these illnesses in humans is multiple sclerosis (MS). MS and most other forms of inflammatory demyelination consist of an idiopathic. inflammatory syndrome which affects predominantly the densely myelinated white matter of the central nervous system (CNS). The inflammatory response is associated with damage of oligodendrocytes (ODC) and myelin, resulting in loss of these tissue elements (reviewed in Hunter & Rodriguez, 1995). Similar diseases exist in animals of both idiopathic and viral origin. Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), a naturally occurring, murine, picornaviral pathogen, produces inflammatory demyelinating lesions in spinal cord and brainstem with progressive neurologic disability in susceptible mouse strains.
Chapter 18 Electrogenic Reactions of the Photochemical Reaction Center and the Ubiquinone-Cytochrome blc2 Oxidoreductase

Publisher Summary This chapter reveals that the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides has a light-driven cyclic electron transport system organized to generate an electric potential and a pH gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane. Although the details are lacking, it is widely accepted that the electrochemical gradients so generated are harnessed for ATP production, NAD + reduction, and solute transport. The results from several approaches together contribute to the view of the RC as a light-activatable redox protein that generates both a redox potential (ΔE h ) and a membrane potential (Δ↓). There is evidence that describes the Q-b/c 2 oxidoreductase as a protein capable of using the ΔE h generated by the RC to drive the formation of further Δ↓ and the translocation of protons across the membrane.
Genetic-algorithm-based learning

Abstract This chapter describes a subarea of machine learning that is actively exploring the use of genetic algorithms as the key element in the design of robust learning strategies. After characterizing the kinds of learning problems motivating this approach, a brief overview of genetic algorithms is presented. Three major approaches to using genetic algorithms for machine learning are described, and an example of their use in learning entire task programs is given. Finally, an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this approach to machine learning is provided.
Genetic basis of gluten-sensitive enteropathy

Abstract Families of patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE) were typed for HLA-A and -B antigens as well as for HLA-DW3 antigen(s) using appropriate typing alloantisera. In addition, patients and families were typed for GSE-associated B cell antigens using alloantisera obtained from mothers and wives of patients. The data obtained suggest that disease occurs within families when two conditions were fulfilled: (1) the family member is homozygous for the GSE-associated B cell antigens and (2) the family member also bears the HLA-DW3 antigen(s) or an antigen usually associated with DW3. In addition, with the family studies it was possible to show that the gene(s) controlling the DW3 antigen(s) and those controlling the GSE-associated B cell antigens are separate nonlinked genetic loci, a fact which leads to the conclusion that GSE has a genetic basis in at least two genes. It is speculated that the genes responsible for GSE code for surface proteins which are physically associated on lymphoid cell membranes and which form receptors important to the initiation of disease.
The Fundamentals of Equipment Leasing

More equipment is financed today by equipment leases than by bank loans, private placements, or any other method of equipment financing. Nearly any asset that can be purchased can also be leased: from aircraft, ships, satellites, computers, refineries, and steam-generating plants, on the one hand, to typewriters, duplicating equipment, automobiles, and dairy cattle, on the other hand. There are different types of leases and lease programs. The lessor is the owner of the equipment and is entitled to all the benefits of ownership, including the tax benefits; the lessee is the user of the equipment. Equipment leases fall into three general categories: non-tax-oriented leases, tax-oriented true leases, and tax-oriented TRAC leases. Types of tax-oriented true leases are classified as single-investor leases and leveraged leases. There are often-cited advantages of leasing. Some of the claims are valid, while others are questionable. Two important factors in leasing are the tax implications and the financial reporting implications. Keywords: conditional sale lease; non-tax-oriented lease; tax-oriented true lease; guideline lease; residual value; purchase option; single investor lease; leveraged lease; full-payout lease; operating lease; standard lease; custom lease; master lease; vendor lease; sale-and-leaseback transactions; capital lease
Open Card Application Framework - ein objektorientiertes Framework zur visuellen Erstellung von Smartcard-Anwendungen

In diesem Artikel wird eine Architektur fur die visuelle Entwicklung von Smartcard Losungen vorgestellt. Der Einsatz von Java und der Java Beans Technologie ermoglicht es, Smartcard Anwendungen intuitiv und schnell in einer visuellen Entwicklungsumgebung zu erstellen. Komplexe Losungen konnen auf einfache Weise aus flexiblen Komponenten zusammengefugt werden, ohne das der Anwendungsprogrammierer uber detailliertes Smartcard Know-how verfugen mus. Eine klare Aufteilung in Benutzerschnittstelle, Anwendungslogik und kartenbezogenen Teil von Anwendungen, die auf diesem Framework basieren, gewahrleistet die Austauschbarkeit von hersteller- und kartenbezogenen Komponenten. Entwickelte Losungen sind in der Lage, mit verschiedensten Typen von Smartcards zu arbeiten - von den heute verbreiteten dateiorientierten Smartcards bis hin zu Java Cards.
ENRIQUE CARRION ORDOÑEZ, La lengua en un texto de la Ilustración

Con esta edicion y estudio filologico de la Noticia de Arequipa ?e Antonio Pereira y Ruiz culmina Carrion Ordonez el proceso de investigacion y analisis de este texto, realizado a lo largo de veinte anos. Desde el inicial interes biografico de la tesis de bachiller en Humanidades ( 1964) hasta este extraordinario estudio de semiotica filologica; para utilizar la feliz nomenclatura de C. Segre (Torino, 1976), Carrion ha asimilado con la Noticia de Pereira, las mas importantes corrientes de investigacion y critica textuales. Este resultado final posee una coherencia teorica y una precision de analisis realmente excepcionales y, en mas de un aspecto, ejemplares. Una nomenclatura rigurosa precisa la fundamentacion teorica del analisis que actualiza la lengua de este viajero canario el siglo XVIII para los estudiosos modernos. Y, sin duda, estas posturas teoricas modernas permiten una recepcion fecunda del texto.