cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infrared structure of quantum hadrodynamics.

It is shown that quantum hadrodynamics as a formal field theory has a much richer infrared structure at high energies than previously realized. This arises from large vertex corrections due to vector meson exchange. By selectively summing all leading and nonleading logarithms, it is demonstrated that the infrared structure of the theory may in fact overwhelm the corresponding ultraviolet divergences arising from the Landau poles. Since competing infinites can thus be found, caution is urged in the use of any nonperturbative summation, especially one that emphasizes merely one sector of the theory.
A brief review on recent developments in animal models of schizophrenia

Number of patients suffering from schizophrenia is increasing daily, subsequently, increasing the need of proper medication to treat the symptoms and eventually improve the patients' condition. However, all the progress for designing or discovering medication comes to a standstill, as the symptomatic treatment can only be done in the patients, but performing clinical trials with all the possible candidate drugs in human beings and patients is unethical. Thus, the need arises for proper animal and non-human primate animal models of the disease, which would not only serve the purpose of understanding the disease in a better physiological setting, but also would allow the scientists to focus on developing a therapeutically effective and potent medication for treating this hazardous disease. This brief review article focuses on a few animal models which are generally used for carrying out studies on schizophrenic symptoms in research labs and industry worldwide. The paper also tries to validate the pre-clinically available models based on certain specified criteria like the predictive constructive and face validity. Thus, the paper gives guidance toward the mechanistic and traditional models of schizophrenia applying some of the newer principles and helps researchers in deciding a particular relevant model for their own purpose.
Wellness profile of midlife women with a chronic illness.

Among issues important to women's health are their wellness profiles including indicators such as activity level, weight status, breakfast and snacking patterns, health status perceptions, and alcohol and tobacco use. This is particularly true for midlife women with a long-term illness. The purpose of this study is to identify the wellness profile of a group of midlife women with multiple sclerosis (MS), and to compare their life-style indicators with national health statistics. Overall, the women in the study group indicated a lower perception of their health status and were less active. However, the women in this study group demonstrated healthier body weights, used less tobacco and alcohol, had better hreakfast patterns, and comparable snacking patterns, indicating that they may be more attuned to their bodies than women without chronic illnesses. Identifying women's wellness profiles can assist practitioners in addressing the issues of health for women managing a long-term illness.
Electron spin resonance spectrum and structure of the pentatungstovanadate(IV) anion, VW5O194−

Abstract The ESR spectrum of the VIVW5O194− ion (I) in (CH3NH3)2Na2[V2VW4O19]·6H2O host is reported. Spin Hamiltonian parameters are g∥, 1·949 ± 0·001; g⊥, 1·969 ± 0·001; |A|, (167·1 ± 0·5) 10−4 cm−1; |B|, (60·8 ± 1·0) 10−4 cm−1. Analysis of single crystal spectra shows three mutually perpendicular g directions, consistent with a structure for the anion analogous to that found for Nb6O198−. It is not possible to reconcile the g-values for I with previously reported optical data without assuming an unusually large value (ca. 240 cm−1) for the spin-orbit coupling constant of vanadium.
Metabolism of Bovine Semen. XI. Factors Affecting the Transport of Fructose in Bovine Spermatozoa

Summary Using fructose-C 14 , the transport of fructose across the cell membrane of washed bovine spermatozoa has been studied. It was found that fructose transport was sensitive to incubation temperature, to cold shock and to inhibitors such as cyanide, iodacetate, fluoride, and p -chloromercuribenzoate. Mutual interference by metabolizable sugars was observed, and transport occurred against a concentration gradient of fructose under anaerobic conditions. Anoxia stimulated the transport process.
Device to facilitate freeze-drying specimens for scanning electron microscopy.

Abstract Thin specimens such as tissue culture monolayers were freeze-dried in a vacuum evaporator without thawing by using a 13 mm thick aluminum disk cooled with liquid nitrogen just prior to processing. This disk, 95 mm in diameter, easily accommodated 18 specimens suitable for mounting on 12.5 mm specimen mounts. The specimens were gold coated immediately after drying without breaking the vacuum thereby saving the time usually needed for a second evacuation. Vero cells processed in this way displayed their delicate surface structures.
The Duarte allele impairs biostability of galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyltransferase in human lymphoblasts

The Duarte allele (D) is a missense mutation (N314D) that produces a characteristic isoform and partial impairment of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) in human erythrocytes, fibroblasts, and transformed lymphoblasts. The position of this amino acid is distant, however, from presumptive catalytic site(s) as deduced from a three-dimensional model of crystallized Escherichia coli galT protein. To evaluate the mechanism(s) involved in the partial impairment of enzymatic activity, we compared the activity, abundance, biological stability, and mRNA of GALT in human lymphoblastoid cell lines cultured from individuals homozygous for wild-type (WT/WT) and Duarte alleles (N314D/N314D). No other nucleotide differences were present in their GALT genes. The apparent Vmax was reduced in N314D/N314D cells to 31 ± 3.6 compared to WT/WT of 54 ± 6.5 nmole UDP-galactose formed/g cell protein/hour. Both genotypes had similar apparent KMs for UDP-glucose of 0.142 ± 0.057 mM and 0.133 ± 0.056 mM. This reduced Vmax was associated with a reduced abundance of the 86kD GALT dimer as determined by Western blots and densitometry. Using RNase protection assays, this reduced GALT protein in the N314D/N314D cell lines was not associated with reduced abundance of GALT mRNA. Using cycloheximide (3-[2-(3,5-Dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]glutarimide) inhibition of de novo protein synthesis, GALT enzyme activity, and its dimeric protein had a biological T1/2 of ˜24 hours in N314D/N314D cell lines as compared to 50 hours for WT/WT lymphoblasts. Upon exposure to 50°C for 15 minutes, N314D/N314D lymphoblasts retained 45% of GALT activity, whereas controls retained 77% activity. Reduced activity and thermal sensitivity caused by the N314D mutation reverted to control values when a lysine was substituted for a glutamic acid at amino acid 203 in cis (E203K). In summary, N314D/N314D lymphoblasts have reduced GALT enzyme capacity, dimeric protein abundance, biological, and thermal stability. We conclude that the substitution of aspartate for asparagine at amino acid 314 in the human GALT protein reduces the biostability of the active enzyme in human lymphoblasts. Hum Mutat 11:28–38, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Response Time Analysis of Hierarchical Scheduling: The Synchronized Deferrable Servers Approach

Hierarchical scheduling allows reservation of processor bandwidth and the use of different schedulers for different applications on a single platform. We propose a hierarchical scheduling interface called synchronized deferrable servers that can reserve different processor bandwidth on each core, and can combine global and partitioned scheduling on a multicore platform. Significant challenges will arise in the response time analysis of a task set if the tasks are globally scheduled on a multiprocessor platform and the processor bandwidth reserved for the tasks on each processor is different, as a result, existing works on response time analysis for dedicated scheduling on identical multiprocessor platforms are no longer applicable. A new response time analysis that overcomes these challenges is presented and evaluated by simulations. Based on this new analysis, we show that evenly allocating bandwidth across cores is "better" than other allocation schemes in terms of schedulability, and that the threshold between lightweight and heavyweight tasks under hierarchical scheduling may be different from the threshold under dedicated scheduling.
Relations between Reservoir Trophic State and Gizzard Shad Population Characteristics in Alabama Reservoirs

Abstract We compared relative abundance, condition, length at age, and the age and size structure of gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum between eutrophic (≥8 mg/m3 chlorophyll a) and oligo-mesotrophic (≤7 mg/m3 chlorophyll a) Alabama reservoirs. We quantified the size structure of gizzard shad in each reservoir by calculating the index of vulnerability (IOV), defined as the percentage of the electrofishing catch that was 203 mm or less in total length. Fish were collected with experimental gill nets and electrofishing, and although gill nets tended to catch larger and older fish, the gears provided similar trends in trophic state response. Gizzard shad in eutrophic reservoirs were characterized by high relative abundance, slow growth after age 1, a low percentage of fish age 5 and older (7%), and poor condition. This resulted in a high IOV (70) for gizzard shad in eutrophic reservoirs. Conversely, in oligo-mesotrophic reservoirs, gizzard shad abundance was 80-86% lower than in eutrophic reservoirs. However,...
Molecular mechanisms underlying inner ear patterning defects in kreisler mutants

Prior studies have shown that kreisler mutants display early inner ear defects that are related to abnormal hindbrain development and signaling. These defects in kreisler mice have been linked to mutation of the kr/mafB gene. To investigate potential relevance of kr/mafB and abnormal hindbrain development in inner ear patterning, we analyzed the ear morphogenesis in kreisler mice using a paint-fill technique. We also examined the expression patterns of a battery of genes important for normal inner ear patterning and development. Our results indicate that the loss of dorsal otic structures such as the endolymphatic duct and sac is attributable to the downregulation of Gbx2, Dlx5 and Wnt2b in the dorsal region of the otocyst. In contrast, the expanded expression domain of Otx2 in the ventral otic region likely contributes to the cochlear phenotype seen in kreisler mutants. Sensory organ development is also markedly disrupted in kreisler mutants. This pattern of defects and gene expression changes is remarkably similar to that observed in Gbx2 mutants. Taken together, the data show an important role for hindbrain cues, and indirectly, kr/mafB, in guiding inner ear morphogenesis. The data also identify Gbx2, Dlx5, Wnt2b and Otx2 as key otic genes ultimately affected by perturbation of the kr/mafB-hindbrain pathway.
Discussion A note on 'scheduling mixed-model multi-level just-in-time production systems’*

Miltenburg and Sinnamon give a method for efficiently finding good production schedules in mixed-model multi-level just-in-time production systems. They first formulate the problem as a quadratic programming problem. Their formulation leaves out a constraint that is necessary for feasibility. They then present two heuristics to find good production schedules without solving the quadratic programming problem. Their heuristics do not include feasibility checks for production decisions. As a result, they can produce infeasible production schedules. We present a modification of their formulation and their heuristics which does guarantee a feasible solution.
Maternal vocalizations of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

While incubating, brooding and calling their young out of the nest, female mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) utter a species-typical maternal vocalization that their young find highly attractive. To determine the characteristic acoustic features of these calls, we recorded the vocalizations of seven hens in the field. The pre-exodus and nest exodus calls of these hens were similar with respect to frequency modulation, presence of a low-frequency impulsive sound, note duration, and repetition rate. The exodus call differs from the pre-exodus call in having more notes per burst and more harmonics, with a corresponding upward shift in dominant frequency. Repetition rate and frequency modulation may be the critical acoustic features of the auditory basis of species identification in mallard ducklings.
The synthesis and arrested oxidation of amorphous cobalt nanoparticles using DMSO as a functional solvent

Magnetic nanoparticles exhibit a strong tendency to become overly oxidized and unstable during synthesis, ultimately leading to nanoparticle agglomeration and degradation. Capping agents can be used during nanoparticle synthesis to provide particle surface coverage and to improve nanoparticle dispersibility in solution, while preventing excessive oxidation and agglomeration. This paper presents a technique to synthesize amorphous 3.7 ± 1.5 nm cobalt (Co) nanoparticles using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to function as both the stabilizing agent and the solvent for Co nanoparticles via a quick, solvent-based reduction of Co2+ with NaBH4 in a DMSO solvent. UV–visible spectroscopy analysis was used to determine the minimum amount of reducing agent needed to produce Co nanoparticles so as to limit the waste of reagents. TEM and SEM imaging were used to study the morphology of the Co nanoparticles from the DMSO dispersion and of the Co nanoparticle powder. FT-IR was used to elucidate the nature of the interaction between the Co nanoparticle surface and DMSO. Furthermore, SEM–EDS elemental mapping was used to determine the composition and surface properties of the Co nanoparticles. This synthesis method demonstrates that Co nanoparticles can be successfully synthesized by simply using DMSO as a functional solvent, thereby avoiding excessive oxidation and agglomeration in solution.
Planar Asymmetry Tips the Phonological Playground and Environment Raises the Bar

Reading readiness varies as a function of family and environmental variables. This study of 11-year-old children (N = 39) was designed to determine if there was an additional or interactive contribution of brain structure. Evidence is presented that both environmental and biological variables predict phonological development. Temporal lobe (planar) asymmetry, hand preference, family history of reading disability, and SES explained over half of the variance in phonological and verbal performance. The results demonstrate a linear association between cerebral organization and phonological skill within socioeconomic groups. These data provide concrete evidence to support the commonly held assumption that both environmental and biological factors are independent determinants of a child's ability to process linguistic information.
Pretreatment with low-energy shock waves reduces the renal oxidative stress and inflammation caused by high-energy shock wave lithotripsy

The purpose of this study was to determine if pretreatment of porcine kidneys with low-energy shock waves (SWs) prior to delivery of a clinical dose of 2,000 SWs reduces or prevents shock wave lithotripsy (SWL)-induced acute oxidative stress and inflammation in the treated kidney. Pigs (7–8 weeks old) received 2,000 SWs at 24 kV (120 SW/min) with or without pretreatment with 100 SWs at 12 kV/2 Hz to the lower pole calyx of one kidney using the HM3. Four hours post-treatment, selected samples of renal tissue were frozen for analysis of cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and stress response protein, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Urine samples were taken before and after treatment for analysis of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Treatment with 2,000 SWs with or without pretreatment caused a statistically significant elevation of HO-1 and IL-6 in the renal medulla localized to the focal zone of the lithotripter. However, the increase in HO-1 and IL-6 was significantly reduced using the pretreatment protocol compared to no pretreatment. Urinary excretion of TNF-α increased significantly (p < 0.05) from baseline for pigs receiving 2,000 SWs alone; however, this effect was completely abolished with the pretreatment protocol. We conclude that pretreatment of the kidney with a low dose of low-energy SWs prior to delivery of a clinical dose of SWs reduces, but does not completely prevent, SWL-induced acute renal oxidative stress and inflammation.
Relationship of weld-metal microstructure and penetration to weld-metal oxygen content

The weld-metal oxygen content has been found definitely to influence the behavior of the welding process. Flux composition can alter the weld-metal composition, affecting weld-bead morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Further research is necessary to understand the actual means by which oxygen and other weld-metal residuals influence the welding process and weld-metal properties.
Learning to Teach Young People How to Think Historically: A Case Study of One Student Teacher's Experience.

(2006). Learning to Teach Young People How to Think Historically: A Case Study of One Student Teacher's Experience. The Social Studies: Vol. 97, No. 2, pp. 69-76.
Design and validation of portable communication infrastructure for fault-tolerant cluster middleware

We describe the communication infrastructure (CI) for our fault-tolerant cluster middleware, which is optimized for two classes of communication: for the applications and for the cluster management middleware. This CI was designed for portability and for efficient operation on top of modern user-level message passing mechanisms. We present a functional fault model for the CI and show how platform-specific faults map to this fault model. Based on this fault model, we have developed a fault injection scheme that is integrated with the CI and is thus portable across different communication technologies. We have used fault injection to validate and evaluate the implementation of the CI itself as well as the cluster management middleware in the presence of communication faults.
Taíno Indian Myth and Practice: The Arrival of the Stranger King

Taino Indian Myth and Practice: The Arrival of the Stranger King. By William F. Keegan. Florida Museum of Natural History Ripley P. Bullen series. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 2007. IS...
Novel insights from hybrid LacI/GalR proteins: family-wide functional attributes and biologically significant variation in transcription repression

LacI/GalR transcription regulators have extensive, non-conserved interfaces between their regulatory domains and the 18 amino acids that serve as 'linkers' to their DNA-binding domains. These non-conserved interfaces might contribute to functional differences between paralogs. Previously, two chimeras created by domain recombination displayed novel functional properties. Here, we present a synthetic protein family, which was created by joining the LacI DNA-binding domain/linker to seven additional regulatory domains. Despite 'mismatched' interfaces, chimeras maintained allosteric response to their cognate effectors. Therefore, allostery in many LacI/GalR proteins does not require interfaces with precisely matched interactions. Nevertheless, the chimeric interfaces were not silent to mutagenesis, and preliminary comparisons suggest that the chimeras provide an ideal context for systematically exploring functional contributions of non-conserved positions. DNA looping experiments revealed higher order (dimer-dimer) oligomerization in several chimeras, which might be possible for the natural paralogs. Finally, the biological significance of repression differences was determined by measuring bacterial growth rates on lactose minimal media. Unexpectedly, moderate and strong repressors showed an apparent induction phase, even though inducers were not provided; therefore, an unknown mechanism might contribute to regulation of the lac operon. Nevertheless, altered growth correlated with altered repression, which indicates that observed functional modifications are significant.
An intelligent battery management system for electric and hybrid electric vehicles

One of the keys to the acceptance of electric and hybrid electric vehicles is the increased longevity of the large battery packs used in the vehicles. The objective of this research is to develop an intelligent battery management system that will lengthen the lifetime of the battery pack. The key to this operation is monitoring and charging of individual batteries in a large battery array. This paper describes the design and development of this overall intelligent battery management system.
Demonstration of a DMD-based compressive sensing (CS) spectral imaging system

We present a DMD-based spectral imaging system, which uses a DMD to impose CS measurements on the spatial/spectral information of the imaging scene. The original spatial/spectral information can be reconstructed from the CS measurements numerically.
New energy recovery CMOS XNOR/XOR gates

In this paper, new energy recovery CMOS XNOR/XOR gates have been proposed. These circuits have been simulated using Cadence/Spectre along with three other XNOR/XOR gates. The results show that the new CMOS XNOR/XOR gates consume 30% less power than in the clocked adiabatic logic (CAL). Experimental results on new energy recovery CMOS XNOR/XOR gates fabricated in standard 0.5 mum n-well CMOS process follow the simulation results.
Patterns of Involvement in Television Fiction: A Comparative Analysis

This article analyses discussions of an episode of Dallas by focus groups of different ethnic origins in Israel and the United States. It identifies four rhetorical mechanisms by which viewers may `involve' themselves in or `distance' themselves from the story: referential v. critical framings; real v. play keyings; collective or universal v. personal referents; and normative v. value-free evaluations. Use of these mechanisms varied across the groups, and when the cultures were arrayed along a multidimensional involvement scale overseas viewers appeared to be more involved in the programme than Americans. Possible roles for involvement in the process of viewer susceptibility to programme messages are then discussed.
Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus A Review of the Evidence

Objective: To review available studies of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor approved in 2014 by the European Commission and the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data Sources: PubMed was searched using the search terms empagliflozin, BI 10773, and BI10773, for entries between January 1, 2000, and December 1, 2014. Reference lists from retrieved articles were searched manually for additional peer-reviewed publications. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All publications reporting clinical trials of empagliflozin were eligible for inclusion. Data Synthesis: Empagliflozin is a new once-daily oral SGLT2 inhibitor with a mechanism of action that is independent of β-cell function and the insulin pathway. Data from a comprehensive phase III clinical trial program have demonstrated its efficacy as monotherapy, as add-on to other glucose-lowering agents, and in different patient populations. In these studies, empaglif...
Mouse Lymphoma Cell Variants with Genetically Dominant Alterations in the Maturation of Viral Glycoproteins

The appearance of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) glycoproteins on the surface of infected mouse lymphoma cells is regulated by glucocorticoid hormones. The hormone stimulates transcription of the proviral genes and is also required for maturation of viral proteins. We have reported earlier the isolation of variant cell lines with altered patterns of cell-surface expression of the MMTV antigens. One type of variant expresses high levels of viral glycoproteins on the cell surface in a constitutive or hormone-independent manner. Another type of variant expresses reduced levels of viral glycoproteins on the cell surface compared with wild-type cells, both in the presence and in the absence of glucocorticoids. In this report pulse-chase studies demonstrate that the variant phenotypes are caused by changes in the efficiency of processing the envelope polyprotein precursor into the mature glycoproteins. In addition, both variant phenotypes are dominant over the wild-type phenotype in stable hybrid cell lines p...
On optimal reconstruction of discrete data transmissions

In this paper we present a deterministic worst-case framework for accurate reconstruction of discrete (source) data as an alternative to the traditional probabilistic approaches in the communications area. This framework can be explored based on robust control ideas and formulations. Some of the particular problems touched upon are: (i) necessary and sufficient conditions for causal (no delay) and noncausal (with delay) reconstruction under deterministic magnitude bounded noise for SISO and MIMO channels, (ii) reconstruction based on linear estimation. (iii) performance optimization under channel fading and (iv) combined precoding and estimation optimization under power constraints. The /sup 1/ control theory is proposed as a natural key player in this approach.
Leave Programs/Time Off and Work-Stress Family Employee Benefits Programs, Organizational Commitment, and Self-Efficacy Among Municipal Employees:

The purpose of this study was to examine the role between family-friendly employee benefits programs (FFEBPs) and organizational commitment and employee motivation (self-efficacy) among a sector of...
Signal parameter estimation via the Cayley-Hamilton constraint

The estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) algorithm has proved to be a robust solution to exploit single invariance structure in array elements. However, ESPRIT is not flexible to incorporate multiple invariances. A closed form solution to the problem of estimating eigenvalues in multiple invariant structures is presented in this paper. It is shown that the algorithm is comparable in complexity to ESPRIT but performs better than ESPRIT, especially when only a limited number of signal samples are available. In addition, the algorithm is shown to be feasible even for single array elements sharing multiple invariance.
Necrobiotic granulomas associated with bovine collagen test site injections

Two patients are presented who developed persistent nodules at the test site after bovine collagen injections. Biopsies were taken, and both exhibited the histologic features of necrobiotic granulomatous inflammation.
Isolation and sequence of the spoOE gene: its role in initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtills

Summary The pleiotropic stage 0 sporulation focus spoOE was isolated and sequenced. The spo0E gene was found to code for a protein of 9791 molecular weight. Two Spo0E mutations were identified by sequence analysis and were found to give rise to nonsense codons within the gene. The results indicated that it is the lack of the spo0E gene product that is responsible for the sporulation-defective phenotype. The DNA fragment containing the spo0E locus was inhibitory to sporulation when present on a multicopy plasmid. Since DNA fragments containing only the upstream region of the gene were also inhibitory, this effect was not due to over-production of the spoOE gene product. Coupling the transcription of the spoOE gene to 3-galactosidase in an integrative plasmid vector revealed that active transcription of this gene begins at the end of exponential growth and continues through the early part of sporulation. Studies of the regulation of this gene have allowed the generation of a hypothesis to explain the interactions of those five stage 0 genes involved in the activation of sporulation-specific transcription.
Anisotropic Damage for the Characterization of the Onset of Macro-Crack Initiation in Metals

The onset of macro-crack initiation in metals is characterized using anisotropic damage. The formulation is for problems where the assumption of small elastic strains is valid (Figure 1). A coupled model of damage and plasticity is used to numerically simulate macro-crack initiation in a center cracked thin plate. The plate is subjected to in-plane uniformly distributed tensile load. A very fine finite element mesh is used to discretize the plate. The stresses and damage are shown in the form of contour lines around the crack tip of the plate.
Restoration of blurred star field images by maximally sparse optimization

The problem of removing blur from, or sharpening, astronomical star field intensity images is discussed. An approach to image restoration that recovers image detail using a constrained optimization theoretic approach is introduced. Ideal star images may be modeled as a few point sources in a uniform background. It is argued that a direct measure of image sparseness is the appropriate optimization criterion for deconvolving the image blurring function. A sparseness criterion based on the l/sub p/ is presented, and candidate algorithms for solving the ensuing nonlinear constrained optimization problem are presented and reviewed. Synthetic and actual star image reconstruction examples are presented to demonstrate the method's superior performance as compared with several image deconvolution methods. >
Ultra low power control circuits for PWM converters

Low voltage high-efficiency DC-DC conversion circuits are integral components of battery operated portable systems. This paper presents the design of a pulse width modulated (PWM) controller for a milliwatt level DC-DC converter. Low power control circuitry is constructed by utilizing a delay line based PWM generator and low-resolution feedback. A DC-DC converter has been fabricated which delivers 5 mW at 1 V, while achieving an efficiency of 88%. The PWM consumes only 10 /spl mu/W.
Efficient 3D finite element analysis of dental restorative procedures using micro-CT data.

Objectives. This investigation describes a rapid method for the generation of finite element models of dental structures and restorations. Methods. An intact mandibular molar was digitized with a micro-CT scanner. Surface contours of enamel and dentin were fitted following tooth segmentation based on pixel density using an interactive medical image control system. Stereolithography (STL) files of enamel and dentin surfaces were then remeshed to reduce mesh density and imported in a rapid prototyping software, where Boolean operations were used to assure the interfacial mesh congruence (dentinoenamel junction) and simulate different cavity preparations (MO/MOD preparations, endodontic access) and restorations (feldspathic porcelain and composite resin inlays). The different tooth parts were then imported in a finite element software package to create 3D solid models. The potential use of the model was demonstrated using nonlinear contact analysis to simulate occlusal loading. Cuspal deformation was measured at different restorative steps and correlated with existing experimental data for model validation and optimization. Results. Five different models were validated by existing experimental data. Cuspal widening (between mesial cusps) at 100 N load ranged from 0.4m for the unrestored tooth, 9–12m for MO, MOD cavities, to 12–21m for endodontic access cavities. Placement of an MOD adhesive restoration in porcelain resulted in 100% cuspal stiffness recovery (0.4m of cuspal widening at 100 N) while the composite resin inlay allowed for a partial recuperation of cusp stabilization (1.3m of cuspal widening at 100 N). Significance. The described method can generate detailed and valid three dimensional finite element models of a molar tooth with different cavities and restorative materials. This method is rapid and can readily be used for other medical (and dental) applications.
Serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms are associated with emotional modulation of pain but not emotional modulation of spinal nociception

The short allele of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is associated with greater negative emotionality. Given that emotion modulates pain, short allele carriers (s-carriers) may also demonstrate altered pain modulation. The present study used a well-validated emotional picture-viewing paradigm to modulate pain and the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR, a measure of spinal nociception) in 144 healthy genotyped participants. As expected, pain/NFR responses were largest during unpleasant pictures and smallest during pleasant pictures. However, relative to l/l-carriers, s-carriers demonstrated greater pain inhibition during pleasant pictures and greater pain facilitation during unpleasant pictures. Neither emotional modulation of NFR nor NFR threshold was associated with 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms. Results also indicated that men who were s-carriers had a higher pain threshold and tolerance than other participants. Taken together, our results indicate 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms may influence pain modulation at the supraspinal (not spinal) level; however, the influence on pain sensitivity may be sex-specific.
Foreword of guest editor

In this exciting special issue on ‘‘nanoimprint lithography,’’ we got great supports from the nanoimprint community. We received invited and contribution papers from both academia and industry from three continents. On behave of the board of editors of Applied Physics A and guest editors of this special issue, we would like to thank their supports and great scientific achievements. This issue covers a broad range of topics, from nanoimprint process to applications of nanoimprint, from theoretical investigation to experimental demonstrations, from mold manufacturing process to new nanoimprint resist, and from patterning on flexible substrates to patterning of 3D structures. After 20 years of fast growth, great progress has been made. Nanoimprint lithography has grown from a ‘‘smart invention’’ to a technology on the ITRS roadmap and with applications much beyond semiconductors. Twenty years is a milestone. We wish this special issue can, at least partially, take a snapshot of this vibrant technology at this moment. This snapshot not only celebrates the achievements over the last 20 years, but also gives the community an opportunity to contemplate on how to move the technology forward for the better years ahead. Enjoy your special issue on nanoimprint lithography from Applied Physics A. Let’s push hard and the next special issue will be even better!
ParCube: Sparse Parallelizable CANDECOMP-PARAFAC Tensor Decomposition

How can we efficiently decompose a tensor into sparse factors, when the data do not fit in memory? Tensor decompositions have gained a steadily increasing popularity in data-mining applications; however, the current state-of-art decomposition algorithms operate on main memory and do not scale to truly large datasets. In this work, we propose ParCube, a new and highly parallelizable method for speeding up tensor decompositions that is well suited to produce sparse approximations. Experiments with even moderately large data indicate over 90p sparser outputs and 14 times faster execution, with approximation error close to the current state of the art irrespective of computation and memory requirements. We provide theoretical guarantees for the algorithm’s correctness and we experimentally validate our claims through extensive experiments, including four different real world datasets (Enron, Lbnl, Facebook and Nell), demonstrating its effectiveness for data-mining practitioners. In particular, we are the first to analyze the very large Nell dataset using a sparse tensor decomposition, demonstrating that ParCube enables us to handle effectively and efficiently very large datasets. Finally, we make our highly scalable parallel implementation publicly available, enabling reproducibility of our work.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 but not TPA activates PLD in Caco-2 cells via pp60c-src and RhoA

In the accompanying paper [Khare et al., Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 39): G993–G1004, 1999], activation of protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) was shown to be involved in the stimulati...
Radar precoding for spectrum sharing between matrix completion based MIMO radars and a MIMO communication SYSTEM

The paper investigates a new framework for spectrum sharing between a MIMO-MC radar (MIMO radar using matrix completion) and a MIMO communication system, based on radar transmit pre-coding. The radar transmit precoder is jointly designed with the communication codewords so that the SINR at the radar receiver is maximized while meeting certain rate and power constraints at the communication system. By shaping the transmit beam, the proposed approach results in enhanced SINR at the receive antennas. Unlike prior works, there is no need for sharing the transmit waveforms with the communication system; only the precoding matrix needs to be shared. Therefore, the proposed scheme is less vulnerable to adversaries. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the radar SINR and the matrix completion accuracy over previous approaches.
Otologic Hazards Related to Scuba Diving

Context:As of 2015, more than 23 million scuba diver certifications have been issued across the globe. Given the popularity of scuba diving, it is incumbent on every physician to know and understand the specific medical hazards and conditions associated with scuba diving.Evidence Acquisition:Sources were obtained from PubMed, MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases from 1956 onward and ranged from diverse fields including otologic reviews and wilderness medicine book chapters.Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 5.Results:Otologic hazards can be categorized into barotrauma-related injuries or decompression sickness.Conclusion:When combined with a high index of suspicion, the physician can recognize these disorders and promptly initiate proper treatment of the potentially hazardous and irreversible conditions related to scuba diving.
Multiple Precision Arithmetic Techniques

Definition A multiple precision (MP) number P is defined to consist of a sign, an exponent p which is a signed integer and a normalized fraction consisting of n consecutive positive words of storage. Normalization implies that the exponent is as small as possible and hence that the first digit of the first fraction word is non-zero provided P is non-zero. If the radix of the number system used is m and each word of the computer contains w digits, the capacity C of each word is m. Then
Phosphoproteomic approach to characterize protein mono- and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation sites from cells.

Poly(ADP-ribose), or PAR, is a cellular polymer implicated in DNA/RNA metabolism, cell death, and cellular stress response via its role as a post-translational modification, signaling molecule, and scaffolding element. PAR is synthesized by a family of proteins known as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, or PARPs, which attach PAR polymers to various amino acids of substrate proteins. The nature of these polymers (large, charged, heterogeneous, base-labile) has made these attachment sites difficult to study by mass spectrometry. Here we propose a new pipeline that allows for the identification of mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation sites via the enzymatic product of phosphodiesterase-treated ADP-ribose, or phospho(ribose). The power of this method lies in the enrichment potential of phospho(ribose), which we show to be enriched by phosphoproteomic techniques when a neutral buffer, which allows for retention of the base-labile attachment site, is used for elution. Through the identification of PAR...
Melissopalynology of natural toxic honey and trophic niche analysis of Apis cerana cerana in the Lancang River valley

We sought to understand the causes of honey poisoning originating from hives in the basin of the Lancang River in Lanping,Nujiang,Yunnan Province. The river valley contains many Apis cerana cerana colonies bred by the traditional method,as well as wild colonies of A. cerana cerana,Apis andreniformis,and Apis laboriosa Smith. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench is the most common nectariferous plant in the area,while localized distributions of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb and Tripterygium hypoglaucum( Levl.) Hutch are also present. We surveyed honeybees and nectar plants from June to September,2013,observed honeybee collection behavior,and recorded the distributions of toxic plants. We further investigated honey and pollen storage in hives of A. cerana cerana,employing melissopalynology and trophic niche analysis of all colonies producing samples. The artificially bred colonies of A. cerana cerana were found to be similar in internal structure to wild colonies: hives contained plenty of honey and pollen,while parts of the hives were seriously affected bypests. Our analyses demonstrated that many honey samples contained pollen from Tripterygium hypoglaucum( Levl.) Hutch and Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. The trophic niche breadth of A. cerana cerana is 0. 22,smaller than that of other species. We speculate that construction of the Lancang River hydropower station and other human factors have influenced the structure and composition of both bee and nectariferous plant communities.
Effect of water soaking duration on soil bulk density and the quality of mechanized transplanting of rice under no-tillage condition

The effects of water soak duration on soil bulk density and mechanized transplanting quality were studied under no-tillage condition.The results showed that the soil bulk density decreased with soak duration prolonging,the soil bulk density decreased to 0.89g·cm-3 in 0-25 cm depth after 15 days soaking,the transplanting depth was 1.9cm in no-tillage field,and 37.5%lower than that in traditional tillage field.There was no significant difference in the percentage of floating seedling,lodging seedling and damage seeding between no-tillage and traditional-tillage treatment.In view of the effects of soil soak duration on soil bulk density,mechanized transplanting quality and yield of rice,the soil soak duration required more than 10 days.If soil soak time was not enough,bulk density in the surface soil layer was high for mechanized transplanting,which resulted in a large number of floating seedlings.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging: Methodology and Applications

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a method for visualizing chemical distributions in samples of interest. In MSI, analytes are transferred from the condensed to the gas phase and ionized, where ions are then detected by a mass spectrometer. This is performed in a serial fashion to create an image. MSI has been utilized in nearly every field within the natural sciences, providing direct chemical information in an in situ manner, often without the need for labels.
Medicine and the law. Can trauma trigger latent diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is believed to develop after a traumatic event only when a previously unrecognized or latent form of the disease exists in those harboring the genetic trait. A clear-cut decision on this point has not been reached in litigation to date.
The effects of adaptation measures on hurricane induced property losses: Which FEMA investments have the highest returns?

Abstract This paper evaluates the relative effectiveness of FEMA expenditures on hurricane induced property losses. We find that spending on FEMA ex-ante mitigation and planning projects leads to greater reductions in property losses than spending on ex-post adaptation programs – specifically, a one percent increase in annual spending on ex-ante risk reduction and warning projects reduces damages by 0.21 percent while a one percent increase in ex-post recovery and clean-up spending reduces damages by 0.12. Although both types of program spending are effective, we find the marginal return from spending on programs that target long-term mitigation and risk management to be almost twice that of spending on ex-post recovery programs. With the predicted increases in the frequency and severity of North Atlantic hurricanes in the future, our findings suggest there are important potential gains that could be realized from the further diversification of FEMA spending across project categories.
Degradation of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers in mesenchymal stem cell culture.

Alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been used extensively in studying the role of surface functionality and geometry on stem cell differentiation; however, the effects of stem cell culture conditions on SAM stability over time are not well understood. In this work, we examined the physical and chemical changes occurring on gold (Au)-SAM surfaces over time as a function of Au thickness. Within a narrow range of thicknesses (4, 8, and 10 nm), we observed significant differences in temporal SAM stability for a commonly utilized, hydrophilic, protein and cell repulsive oligo(ethylene) glycol alkanethiol (HS-(CH2)11(O(CH2)2)6OH) SAM and the hydrophobic, protein adhesive hexadecanethiol (SH-(CH2)15CH3) SAM. Within both acellular and stem cell culture conditions, 8 nm Au resulted in the most stable SAMs (approximately 7 days). The 4 and 10 nm Au SAMs exhibited loss in stability following 5 days at varying degradation rates, showing 4 nm Au to be the least stable. Migration of human mesenchymal stem cells seeded on SAM surfaces showed that SAM degradation rates in acellular conditions were directly correlated with the cellular migration behavior. Findings of this study can be used to develop SAM surfaces with controlled degradation rates for applications in stem cell engineering and regenerative medicine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
New isotope Si 44 and systematics of the production cross sections of the most neutron-rich nuclei

The results of measurements of the production of neutron-rich nuclei by the fragmentation of a {sup 48}Ca beam at 142 MeV/nucleon are presented. Evidence was found for the production of a new isotope that is the most neutron-rich silicon nuclide, {sup 44}Si, in a net neutron pickup process. A simple systematic framework was found to describe the production cross sections based on thermal evaporation from excited prefragments that allows extrapolation to other weak reaction products.
Introduction to Forensic Anthropology

The academic roots of modern forensic anthropology can be traced back to contributions of Europeans, beginning in the 18th century. In particular, Jean-Joseph Sue, Matthieu-Joseph-Bonaventure Orfila, Paul Broca, Paul Topinard, etienne Rollet, Leonce Manouvrier, and Karl Pearson published research on the methodology of stature estimation and related topics.