cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Conversational Styles of Lonely Males with Strangers and Roommates

Several studies have indicated that lonely persons converse in an inhibited self-focused manner in initial encounters with opposite-sex strangers. The present study hypothesized that lonely persons may also display nonnormative conversational patterns in same-sex dyads and when speaking to familiar others. To test this hypothesis, lonely and nonlonely college males engaged in a conversation with a same-sex stranger and with a roommate. These conversations were coded for eight objective conversational modes and three interpersonal orientations, and subjects reported on their satisfaction with the conversation. Lonely males were significantly more inhibited in social interactions, speaking less than nonlonely males both with strangers and with roommates. Only minimal support was found for lonely persons having a self-focused conversational style with strangers. The conversational style of lonely persons with roommates is less intimate than that of nonlonely persons; lonely persons used simple attentiveness ...
Recent advances in photodetectors: Ultraviolet to mid-wave infrared

This talk will describe recent work on photodetectors. The discussion on avalanche photodiodes (APDs) will include novel low-noise structures for telecommunications wavelengths, SiC APDs in the ultraviolet, InAs APDs for mid-wave infrared, and recent advances in single photon detection. The presentation on p-i-n photodiodes will concentrate on high-speed, high-power, high-linearity photodiodes for analog optical links and Si photonics using heterogeneous integration.
A field-ion microscopy study of ion damage to tungsten

The effects of low energy in-situ ion bombardment of tungsten field ion emission surfaces are studied using various ion energies and plasmas produced from pure hydrogen, deuterium, neon, and argon gases. The results show that the average void size and depth of damage increase with ion energy, atomic weight, and ion dosage (the total number of ions to strike the tip per unit area). Sputtering occurs in most samples. In general the highest sputtering damage is observed along the close packed 〈111〉 directions. Die Einflusse eines niederenergetischen in-situ-Ionen-Bombardments von Wolfram-Feldionenemissions Oberflachen werden bei verschiedenen Ionenenergien und Plasmen aus reinem Wasserstoff-, Deuterium, Neon- und Argongasen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, das mittlere Hohlraumgrose und die Tiefe der Strahlenschadigung mit der Ionenenergie, dem Atomgewicht und Ionendosis (Gesamtzahl der Ionen, die pro Einheitsflache die Spitze treffen) zunehmen. In den meisten Proben tritt Sputtering auf. Im allgemeinen wird die hochste Sputtering-Strahlenschadigung entlang der dichtgepackten 〈111〉-Richtungen beobachtet.
Determination of tacrolimus crystalline fraction in the commercial immediate release amorphous solid dispersion products by a standardized X-ray powder diffraction method with chemometrics

Clinical performance of an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) drug product is related to the amorphous drug content because of the greater bioavailability of this form of the drug than its crystalline form. Therefore, it is paramount to monitor the amorphous and the crystalline fractions in the ASD products. The objective of the present investigation was to study the feasibility of using a standardized X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) in conjunction with chemometric methods to quantitate the amorphous and crystalline fraction of the drug in several tacrolimus ASD products. Three ASD products were prepared in which drug to excipients ratios ranged from 1:19 to 1:49. The amorphous and crystalline drug products were mixed in various proportions so that amorphous/crystalline tacrolimus in the samples vary from 0 to 100%. XRPD of the samples of the drug products were collected, and PLSR and PCR chemometric methods were applied to the data. The R(2) was greater than '0.987' for all the models and bias in the models were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). RMSEP and SEP values were smaller for PLSR models than PCR models. The models prediction capabilities were good and can predict as low as 10% when drug to excipient ratio is as high as 1:49. In summary, XRPD and chemometric provide powerful analytical tools to monitor the crystalline fractions of the drug in the ASD products.
An alternative proxy for expectations: some experimental evidence∗

Abstract Traditionally, econometric forecasts or subjective estimates are employed as proxies for the expectations process. This paper suggests an alternative proxy: modeled subjective estimates, which may combine the twin advantages of (1) the stability and reliability of a model, and (2) being close to the psychological process of decision making. The statistical condition when modeled subjective estimates outperform subjective estimates is tested in an experimental setting. The results reveal that in a majority of cases, modeled subjective estimates marginally outperform subjective estimates.
Perceived overqualification and dimensions of job satisfaction: a longitudinal analysis.

Abstract The present study is an investigation of the effects of perceived overqualification on dimensions of job satisfaction. The data for this study came from a two-wave panel study of members of a midwestern American Postal Workers Union local. Job satisfaction was operationalized with 4 subscales from the Job Descriptive Index (R Smith, L. Kendall, & C. Hulin, 1969). The following three hypotheses were tested: (a) Perceived overqualification will be negatively related to facets of job satisfaction; (b) there is stability in the test-retest correlations of facets of job satisfaction; and (c) the effects of perceived overqualification on facets of job satisfaction will not change from Time 1 to Time 2 because of adaptation. The cross-sectional results supported the hypotheses and suggested that perceived overqualification has a negative effect on job satisfaction. However, the relationships varied by dimension of perceived overqualification and dimension of job satisfaction. Future researchers of overq...
Instrumental texture parameters and solvation characteristics of mixed casein gels

Abstract Caseins exhibit a wide range of physicochemical and functional properties that make them an excellent source of protein for the creation of formulated foods, either as novel or imitative products. Their ability to gel suggests their potential use in highly valued imitative products, such as Kamaboko, a surimi product. However, gelation and the resultant textural properties can be enhanced by various factors, especially the ionic strength of the mixtures and the addition of noncasein proteins. Instrumental texture profile analyses of gels made from mixtures of casein with chicken egg albumin, whey protein concentrate, rennet, and calcium ion were evaluated as well as the solvation characteristics of these protein systems. Of the factors that alter functionality, protein type and Ca 2+ concentration contributed most significantly. Whey protein concentrate added to the casein resulted in weaker gels that failed when subjected to 50% compression, but casein gels made with added egg albumin were firm and elastic. The addition of rennet was effective in improving the elasticity of the gels made with casein and egg albumin. The observed improvements in functionality did not lend themselves to the creation of surimi-like products with the formulations studied but suggest the potential for rheological emulation of these products with additional formulation.
PSAT: A web tool to compare genomic neighborhoods of multiple prokaryotic genomes

The conservation of gene order among prokaryotic genomes can provide valuable insight into gene function, protein interactions, or events by which genomes have evolved. Although some tools are available for visualizing and comparing the order of genes between genomes of study, few support an efficient and organized analysis between large numbers of genomes. The Prokaryotic Sequence homology Analysis Tool (PSAT) is a web tool for comparing gene neighborhoods among multiple prokaryotic genomes.
Sedation during endoscopy for patients at risk of obstructive sleep apnea

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has become increasingly prevalent in the United States and often goes undiagnosed. Objective To assess the proportion of patients undergoing routine endoscopic procedures who are at risk of OSA and to determine whether these patients are at risk of sedation-related hypoxia. Design and Setting Prospective case-control study at an academic medical center. Patients and Interventions Patients undergoing routine EGD and colonoscopy were administered the Berlin Questionnaire, a brief validated survey that stratifies patients into high or low risk of OSA. Data on pulse oximetry and oxygen use were collected. Main Outcome Measurements Rates of transient hypoxia, defined as a pulse oximetry measurement less than 92% requiring an increase in supplemental oxygen were compared between the high- and low-risk OSA groups. Results Of the 261 prospectively recruited patients, 28 were excluded for violating study protocol. Ninety (39%) of the remaining 233 patients were scored as being at high risk of OSA. There was no significant difference in the rate of transient hypoxia between the high- and low-risk groups (odds ratio 1.48; 95% CI, 0.58-3.80). Limitations Single-center study. OSA was not confirmed with a sleep study. Conclusion Approximately one third of patients undergoing routine outpatient endoscopic procedures at a university hospital scored as being at high risk of OSA. There was no significant difference in the rates of transient hypoxia between high- and low-risk groups, suggesting that the majority of patients with no diagnosis of OSA can undergo conscious sedation for routine endoscopic procedures with standard monitoring practices.
The use of cytoplasmic male-sterility in hybrid seed production

The practical utilization of heterosis in crop plants has been greatly facilitated during the past 15 years by the use of cytoplasmic male|sterility for low-cost, large-scale emasculation of the seed parents of hybrids. The method is now being used in commercial production of hybrid onions, sugar beets, field corn, grain sorghum, and petunias. Its use is contemplated for hybrid sweet corn, pop corn, red table beets, fodder beets, fodder sorghum, pearl millet, carrots, and garden peppers.
Effects of impurities and their redistribution during recrystallization of ice crystals

In order to examine the effects of solutes on recrystallization and subsequent grain growth in ice, both doped and undoped ice single crystals were extruded through a 120° equal-channel angular extrusion jig, in order to impart a large shear strain (∼1.15). Upon subsequent annealing at -3°C, the original single crystals recrystallized, in most cases to a new single crystal with a different orientation. Increasing the solute concentration (for H 2 SO 4 to ∼200-300 ppb, and for NaCI, KCI and MgSO 4 to >5 ppm) was found to significantly retard the growth and possibly, for H 2 SO 4 -doped ice, the nucleation of new grains in the strained ice single crystals. This is indicative of how soluble impurities can retard grain growth in ice cores. It was also found that the migrating grain boundaries surrounding the newly formed grains contained large concentrations of impurities, often observed as filaments. These could have formed by the grain boundaries sweeping up impurities from the lattice into the boundary or by their diffusion to the boundary - mechanisms whereby impurities could be concentrated into the grain boundaries in ice cores - although the latter mechanism seems unlikely since it would require very high diffusion rates.
Mexiletine for ventricular arrhythmias

Abstract Mexiletine, a new antiarrhythmic agent derived from lidocaine and available in oral form, was utilized in 108 patients with chronic and symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia. Recurrent ventricular tachycardia was present in 83 patients and considered refractory to antiarrhythmic therapy in 72. Twenty-five patients had at least one episode of ventricular fibrillation. There were four phases of study. Phase 0 consisted of 48 hours of ambulatory monitoring and exercise testing while the patient was taking no antiarrhythmic drugs. Phase 1 involved acute drug testing utilizing a single large dose of mexiletine (400 mg). Phase 2 involved 48 to 72 hours of mexiletine therapy during which 24 hour ambulatory monitoring and exercise testing were employed to evaluate drug efficacy. Phase 3 constituted long-term maintenance therapy in patients who demonstrated a good drug response without experiencing adverse effects. Eighty-eight patients underwent acute drug testing which included evaluation of mexiletine efficacy both at rest and with bicycle exercise. Suppression of ventricular ectopic activity was noted in 57 (65 percent) of 88 patients white sedentary and in 32 (58 percent) of 55 patients during exercise. Seventy-nine patients completed the phase 2 study; control of arrhythmia was demonstrated by monitoring in 51 of these (65.4 percent) and by exercise in 43 (66.2 percent) of 65 patients. Of the 65 patients undergoing both exercise and monitoring, 39 (60 percent) met criteria for drug efficacy with both methods. Results in phases 1 and 2 were concordant in 84.7 percent. Adverse effects occurred in 32 patients (29.6 percent); most commonly these were neurologic and gastrointestinal. Thirty-one patients have been taking mexiletine as their only antiarrhythmic drug (phase 3) for an average of 12.6 months (range 3 to 27) with continued suppression of arrhythmia. Thus mexiletine is effective and well tolerated in some patients having ventricular arrhythmia resistant to standard antiarrhythmic drugs.
Neural correlates of two imagined egocentric transformations

Two egocentric spatial transformation tasks, hand and perspective rotation, were compared using the same visual stimulus within both block and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms. Both involved body-relative judgments but were predicted to vary in the recruitment of the body schema and a motor execution system. The Hand task required the imagined rotation of one's own hand to make a left-right handedness decision. In contrast, the Viewer task required a perspective transformation and updating of the parts of a hand as an object. Previous behavioral and neuroimaging work suggested that hand rotations would rely on dynamic and biomechanical processing of body-part relations recruiting a motor processing system, whereas perspective transformations and the updating of object-self relations would be supported by primarily visual-spatial mechanisms. There was a common neural substrate found for both tasks including the lateral occipital areas, inferior and superior parietal cortex, and the cerebellum. Direct comparisons between the two tasks revealed greater activation in the Hand task in left superior and inferior parietal and premotor cortex and cerebellum, whereas the Viewer task showed greater activation only in the right lingual and fusiform gyri. Degree of rotation also modulated activity in the Hand task in bilateral superior parietal and premotor cortex, but not in the Viewer task. Implications of these regions for the role of dynamic body schema and motor processing in egocentric transformations are discussed.
Diffusion and trapping of rare gas xenon in calcium fluoride single crystals

Abstract Xenon-133 was injected into CaF2 single-crystals through fission recoil, and rare gas diffusion measurements were carried out over the temperature range 750–1000 °C for three gas concentrations. Classical diffusion results were obtained at low gas concentrations with the values of D given by: D = Doexp (−ΔH/kT), Do = 9.50 × 106cm2/sec, ΔH = 4.42± 0.12 eV. Trapping of 133Xe by radiation-induced defects was observed at the two higher gas concentrations and the trap concentrations were found to be dose and temperature dependent. Trap concentrations and gas retention times in the traps were calculated using a trapping model which assumed a uniform trap distribution and finite residence times for the gas in the traps. The trap concentrations were found to be too high for trapping to occur through gas-atom clustering ; the traps appear to be radiation-generated defect clusters. The diffusion results are more consistent with a diffusion model based on transport of gas atoms in mobile defect clusters than through other diffusion processes.
A Core Software Concept for Integrated Control

circles of radius 1, 2, or 3 ft with an additional asymmetric marker 1 ft beyond the circle on the y axis. There was little change in error with the simulated change in attitude. The values of the error were calculated at each distance and plotted against the log of the distance. The changes over the distance from 6.25 to. 200 ft were so small as to not affect the standard error by as much as 0.2 deg. Results from a typical set of runs are shown in Table 1. The ratios between the standard deviations of the errors were predicted to be inversely proportional to the square roots of the numbers of markers, roughly 1.36. The simulation yielded 1.58, 1.38, and 1.31 for 1, 2, and 3 ft, respectively. The ratios of standard deviations at different distances were compared in Table 2 where oj represents the standard deviation for a circle of radius y. To explore the effect of an increase in the accuracy of the scanning laser radar, in some of the runs it was assumed that each marker was read three times and the result averaged to get a more accurate position rading. The predicted ratio between the standard errors was 0.577. When run with 13 reflectors and a radius of 3 ft, this gave a standard error of 0.49±0.04 deg. The ratio of the corresponding standard errors was 0.568.
Mobility prediction using future knowledge

Anticipating user mobility can be a critical feature for today's mobile systems. We introduce a novel location predictor which incorporates knowledge of a user's potential future locations to improve prediction accuracy. Such future knowledge is often available through contextual sources such as a user's calendar, e-mail, or instant messaging conversations. Simulation results show that our future knowledge leveraging location predictor can improve prediction accuracy by 3% to 95% over history-only Markov predictors, depending on the amount of future knowledge that is available and the type of mobility exhibited by users.
50‐YEAR RETROSPECTIVE OF THE IARIW: THE EARLY YEARS

This paper, for the anniversary session on Milestones in Measurement, covers the years of the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth (IARIW) through the sixth General Conference in 1959. The first section of the paper describes the setting in which the Association was established and attempts to give a sense of the early years by identifying the people who were active in the Association and the topics that were being discussed. The second section identifies four milestones among the papers published in Income and Wealth, the volumes that brought together a selection of the papers from the General Conferences of this early period.
Uncoupled, asymptotic mode III and mode E crack tip solutions in non-linear ferroelectric materials

Abstract Complete asymptotic solutions for the mode III, longitudinal or anti-plane shear, and mode E applied electric field with conducting or insulating crack cases are presented for idealized ferroelectric switching materials. The mathematical procedure required to solve these problems has been presented by Rice (J. Appl. Mech. 34 (1967) 287). The constitutive behavior of the material is specified by an initial linear response, a segment of non-hardening switching behavior, i.e. perfect plasticity in the mechanical case, and finally a region where lock-up occurs. The crack tip solution is characterized by an outer solution with a standard r−1/2 singularity that is not centered on the crack tip, a switching zone with the solution given by a simple radial slip line field, and an inner lock-up region which surrounds the crack tip.
The use of least median of squares in the estimation of land value equations

Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression is relatively sensitive to the presence of outliers in a data set. In this paper, a robust estimation method, least median of squares (LMS) is used to identify outliers in land value data. Once the outliers are identified, are the land value equations re-estimated. The results show that a few observations can have a significant effect on the estimated coefficients. Finally, the observations which were identified as outliers were examined in more detail. One cause of outliers is an omitted variable. In this case, a large fraction of the outliers were found to be observations with high development potential.
ANATOMIC VARIATION OF STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF PERIACETABULAR BONE AS A FUNCTION OF AGE : A QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY

The shape of the acetabulum, the volume of the periacetabular bone, and its density for 125 patients with a wide age range have been quantified using quantitative computed tomography. The goals were to study the relationship between geometric and densitometric properties and provide normative data for finite-element analysis. Significant correlations were found between acetabular diameter and (1) depth, (2) cancellous periacetabular bone density, and (3) periacetabular total bone volume. Only changes in densitometric properties significantly correlated with age. Sphericity of the acetabulum did not increase with age. Variability in bone morphology and density was found for both male and female groups. Surgeons using purely geometric measures to quantify the integrity of acetabular bone should be aware of their limitations when selecting hardware for total hip arthroplasty.
Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H2-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) May Lead to Lower Prevalence and Severity of Dental Caries than in Children without ASD

Article Title and Bibliographic Information The caries experience and behavior of dental patients with autism spectrum disorder. Loo CY, Graham RM, Hughes CV. J Am Dent Assoc 2008;139(11):1518-24. Reviewer Rebecca L. Slayton, DDS, PhD Purpose/Question What is the caries experience and behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder compared with children without this disorder? Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Cross-sectional study (chart review) Level of Evidence Level 3: Other evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
ABO Blood Groups and Cardiovascular Diseases

ABO blood groups have been associated with various disease phenotypes, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death in developed countries and their prevalence rate is rapidly growing in developing countries. There have been substantial historical associations between non-O blood group status and an increase in some cardiovascular disorders. Recent GWASs have identified ABO as a locus for thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and multiple cardiovascular risk biomarkers, refocusing attention on mechanisms and potential for clinical advances. As we highlight in this paper, more recent work is beginning to probe the molecular basis of the disease associations observed in these observational studies. Advances in our understanding of the physiologic importance of various endothelial and platelet-derived circulating glycoproteins are elucidating the mechanisms through which the ABO blood group may determine overall cardiovascular disease risk. The role of blood group antigens in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular disorders remains a fascinating subject with potential to lead to novel therapeutics and prognostics and to reduce the global burden of cardiovascular diseases.
Effects of Neighborhood Grant-Allocations on Trade-Offs among Urban Outcomes. Part 2: Model Formulation

A mathematical framework for evaluating substitutions and complementarities among urban outcomes is presented. A solution of a linear-programming problem, entailing the minimization of expenditure overruns above a spatially distributed community development grant, is used to assay the opportunity cost of grant allocations. This is the second essay on the subject developed under the auspices of the HUD Community Development Strategies Evaluation Project sponsored by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development. The first essay appeared in the previous issue of this journal.
Effect of bleeding stress and variable suckling intensity upon serum luteinizing hormone in Brangus heifers.

In the first experiment, the effect of the stress of blood collection (via tail vessel puncture) on serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was evaluated in six nonsuckled first calf Brangus heifers. The animals were bled on days 22 and 31 postpartum at 15 minute intervals for a period of two hours. Blood was processed to yield serum and analyzed for LH via radioimmunoassay (RIA). There were no significant differences or fluctuations in serum LH levels between bleeding periods or between cows. Serum LH concentrations in nonsuckled cows were not affected by the stress of blood collection. In the second experiment, 24 first calf Brangus heifers were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Treatment 1 cows were suckled once daily for approximately 30 min starting day 21 postpartum. Treatment 2 cows were suckled twice daily for approximately 30 min each time, starting 21 days postpartum. Treatment 3 cows were suckled once daily for approximately 30 min starting 30 days postpartum. Treatment 4 cows were suckled twice daily for approximately 30 min each time starting 30 days postpartum. Each cow was bled via tail vessel puncture on days one and nine following the start of each treatment. The blood sampling regime was similar to that used in Experiment 1 and consisted of four presuckling samples taken at 15 min intervals, one midsuckling sample (the calf was allowed to suckle for 15 min) and four postsuckling samples taken at 15 min intervals. Blood was collected, processed to yield serum and assayed for LH via RIA. Suckling intensity (SI) was found to have a significant effect on serum LH levels. The once daily suckled cows had higher (P<.01) mean serum LH levels than did the twice daily suckled cows (1.70 +/- .03 and 1.53 +/- .03 ng/ml, respectively). The LH concentrations decreased (P<.01) from the first to last bleeding time (BT). The mean serum LH levels for the presuckling, midsuckling and the first postsuckling samples were higher (P<.05) than the last postsuckling sample. The mean serum LH level for the first time period prior to suckling was higher (P<.05) than the last postsuckling sample. The mean serum LH level for the first time period prior to suckling was higher (P<.05) than the last two periods after suckling (1.73 +/- .08 ng/ml vs 1.51 +/- .06 and 1.41 +/- .06 ng/ml). Bleeding day (BD) and weaning day (WD) did not alter serum LH levels. The interactions found to be significant (P<.01) were SIxBD, SIxWD, BDxWD and BTxSIxBDxWD.
Adolescents' Understanding of Logical Connectives:

A 24-item test which measured understanding of logical connectives was administered to a sample of 171 high school adolescents (14 to 19 yr. of age). A set of 3 hypotheses relating to logical connectives was examined. Two of the 3 results such as negated propositions being more difficult to understand than non-negated propositions are consonant with findings from previous research on logical connectives.
FALLOUT I131 IN CHILDREN—IN VIVO MEASUREMENTS *

Abstract —The relative importance of inhalation and ingestion as modes of entry of I131 from fallout into the thyroids of children was investigated during the fall of 1962, using as subjects fifteen children ranging in age from 6 to 14 years. One group of children wasmaintained on a regular diet, and the second on a restricted diet containing no radioactive iodine. The levels found in the children on the restricted diet were either zero or very small, demonstrating that ingestion was the predominating mode of entry. In a second phase of the investigation, the effect of NaI in reducing the uptake of I131 was studied by maintaining all the children on a regular diet and administering 0.5 mg NaI/day to seven of the children. Administration of stable iodide resulted in a smaller thyroid content, but did not completely suppress the uptake of radioiodine. Measurements were made in a small shielded room, using two 6.3 × 3.8 cm NaI (Tl) afystals. The limit of detectability of the system, with a 30-min counting time, was 30 pc I131 in the thyroid.
Postnatal development of the area postrema with relation to digitalis-induced vomiting in the cat

Abstract Hindbrain specimens were obtained from 38 cats between 1 and 60 days of age after in situ perfusion with formaldehyde. Deslanoside, a digitalis glycoside, was injected intraperitoneally in 17 of the cats to determine the age of onset of drug-evocable vomiting. Each emetic test constituted a terminal experiment. The vomiting response became elicitable between the third and fourth weeks of age. Observations were made on the maturation of the area postrema and surrounding structures in order to correlate a morphological condition with the development of emetic responsiveness. Tissue sections were stained for blood vessels, cells, nerve fibers, and myelin. The vascular and cellular characteristics of the area postrema were found in the newborn to be essentially the same as in the adult. However, innervation of the area postrema developed most rapidly in conjunction with the appearance of chemically induced vomiting. The area postrema itself lacks myelin, and myelination in other regions of the lower medulla generally lagged behind the establishment of emetic evocability. It is concluded that the innervation of the area postrema is the final maturational step required for the elicitation of vomiting by deslanoside in the preweaned cat.
Update in cardiology: evidence published in 2014.

This Update summarizes studies published in 2014 that the authors consider highly relevant to the practice of cardiology. Topics include coronary artery disease, pericarditis, atrial fibrillation, ...
Terahertz electronics: Opportunities, challenges and technologies

The decade of spectrum centered roughly around 1THz represents a "final frontier." Conventional semiconductor and photonics technologies seem unable to serve this spectrum well. Although scaled semiconductors deliver transistors with fmax values in the THz range, an inverse-quartic rolloff in specific output power prevents full exploitation of this spectrum. This talk will describe compelling uses of the THz band, including sensing and XWB (extreme wideband) wireless communications. How the limitations of transistor technology might be overcome by architectural innovations, as well as by new device structures will also be discussed. Exploitation of this last spectral frontier presents perhaps the greatest challenge in the history of RF technology.
Lepton flavor violation in intersecting D-brane models

Abstract We investigate lepton flavor violation in the context of intersecting D-brane models. We point out that these models have a source to generate flavor violation in the trilinear scalar couplings while the geometry of the construction leads to degenerate soft scalar masses for different generations (as in the minimal supergravity model) at the string scale. The trilinear scalar couplings are not proportional to the Yukawa couplings when the F-term of the U-moduli contribution is non-zero. Consequently, the lepton flavor violating decay processes are generated. Only other sources of flavor violations in this model are the Dirac neutrino Yukawa coupling and the Majorana couplings. The observed fermion mixings are realized from the “almost rank 1” Yukawa matrices, which generate a simple texture for the trilinear scalar terms. We calculate the branching ratios of τ → μ γ , μ → e γ and the electric dipole moment of the electron in this model. We find that the observation of all the lepton flavor violating decay processes and the electric dipole moment will be able to sort out different flavor violating sources.
MECONIUM STIMULATES ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE PROSTAGLANDIN E 2 PRODUCTION BUT NOT PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY. 2081

MECONIUM STIMULATES ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE PROSTAGLANDIN E 2 PRODUCTION BUT NOT PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY. 2081
DRIFT VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS IN THIN FILM POLYDIACETYLENE SINGLE CRYSTALS

Novel experiments have been designed to directly measure the carrier drift velocity in polydiacetylene single crystals. Thin film polydiacetylene single crystals with toluenesulfonate side group were investigated. A drift velocity of the order of 106cm/s was measured in a time of flight experiment. The drift velocity saturated at all applied electric fields (8000V/cm < E-field < 15000V/cm).
A magneto-optically modulated CH 3 OH laser for Faraday rotation measurements in Tokamaks

Distortion-free intracavity polarization modulation of an optically pumped CH3OH laser is shown to be viable. The possible use of this modulation technique to make a multichannel Faraday rotation measurement on a Tokamak device is discussed. In addition, the CdTe Faraday modulator employed in this study is shown to have an anomalously large Verdet constant.
The second-generation CCD/Transit Instrument (CTI-II) precision astrometric and photometric survey

We are implementing the second-generation CCD/Transit Instrument (CTI-II), a unique 1.8-m imaging astrometric and photometric telescope. We discuss design aspects of CTI-II, including the optical system, structure, focal plane mosaic and the detector readout system that allows precise astrometric and photometric measurements. The scientific design drivers for the imaging telescope include discovery and measurement of motion and distance for late M, L and T stars, synoptic photometric monitoring of active galactic nuclei (AGN), and discovery and near real-time spectroscopic followup of distant supernovae and AGN outbursts. These projects drive the design of the wide field-of-view stationary telescope that employs the time-delay and integrate (TDI) readout mode for CCD detectors to produce a deep, multicolor image of the sky every clear night. Nightly observation of the same strip of the sky produces the time domain photometric and repeated astrometric measurements required by the science drivers. The telescope, its focal plane mosaic and the data system all incorporate unique and innovative elements that support an unbiased survey of the sky with intensive time-domain sampling. We review these aspects of the project, and describe steps taken to support the astrometric and photometric precision required by the scientific mission of the telescope.
Identification of a protein covalently linked to the 5' terminus of tobacco vein mottling virus RNA

The nature of the 5' terminus of tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) RNA, a member of the potyvirus group, was investigated. Digestion of viral RNA with ribonuclease led to the appearance of a new polypeptide band of apparent molecular weight 24,000 (24 kDa) after electrophoresis on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. Viral RNA was subjected to radioiodination with the protein-specific Bolton-Hunter reagent. Radioactivity cosedimented on sucrose gradients with intact TVMV RNA. Treatment of the 125I-labeled product with the proteinase Pronase resulted in substantial loss of trichloroacetic acid-precipitable radioactivity. A radioactive species of 24 kDa was released when the(125)I-labeled product was subjected to ribonuclease digestion. To localize the point of attachment, the 125I-labeled TVMV RNA was partially hydrolyzed and used as a hybridization probe against four previously described recombinant plasmids containing TVMV cDNA and a fifth plasmid containing additional 5'-terminal sequences. Hybridization was strongest to plasmids containing the most 5'-terminal sequences. Antisera against the five known proteins encoded by TVMV RNA failed to precipitate significant amounts of the new protein. This genome-linked viral protein (VPg) thus constitutes the sixth polypeptide to be associated with TVMV. It also has the largest apparent molecular weight of any RNA-linked VPg reported to date.
Using Concurrent Verbal Reports to Examine Data Analyst Verbal Behavior

Abstract Evidence concerning effects of graphed data on the verbal behavior of data analysts was reviewed and revealed the fact that no verbal protocol analyses of this behavior appears in the OBM literature. A task analysis of data analysts' verbal behavior was conducted, verbal responses of two expert and two novice data analysts were collected as they viewed time-series data one data point at a time from three data sets, and these data were subjected to protocol analyses. Results were the following: (1) experienced data analysts made considerably more frequent references to data points in addition to the most recently presented data point for all three data sets than did novices, (2) experienced data analysts took more time to complete the task than did novice analysts, and (3) experienced data analysts were somewhat more accurate at identifying onset (location in time) of interventions. These results were discussed in terms of their implications for future research concerning analysis and development ...
Repulsion magnetic suspension research — US progress to date

Abstract Eight years of US progress in repulsion magnetic suspension is outlined, particularly those programme supported by the US Department of Transportation. Discussion starts with the small scale laboratory experiments measuring the lift and drag forces on superconducting coils, continues through measurement of cryogenic losses, superconducting parametric studies, ride predictions, and concludes with a summary of the recently completed conceptual vehicle design and system study.
Whole‐grain intake and cancer: An expanded review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Whole grains are nutrient rich and may protect against chronic disease. To study this, we previously reviewed 14 case‐control studies of colorectal, gastric, and endometrial cancers and found consistently lower risk in those with high than in those with low whole‐grain intake. Questions remained concerning other cancers, dietary assessment, quantity consumed, confounding, and differential study quality. Here we expand the review to 40 case‐control studies of 20 cancers and colon polyps. Odds ratios are <1 for 46 of 51 mentions of whole‐grain intake and for 43 of 45 after exclusion of 6 mentions with design/reporting flaws or low intake. The pooled odds ratio for high vs. low whole‐grain intake among the 45 mentions was 0.66 (95% confidence interval = 0.60–0.72); they range from 0.59 to 0.78 across four types of dietary questionnaires. Odds ratios were <1 in 9 of 10 mentions of studies of colorectal cancers and polyps, 7 of 7 mentions of gastric and 6 of 6 mentions of other digestive tract cancers...
Analyzing media types and content orientations in Facebook for global brands

Purpose – This study aims to examine current practices of social media marketing among major global brands across five product categories (namely, convenience, shopping, specialty, industrial and service). Assessing the frequency, media type and content orientations of corporate Facebook pages, this study aims to isolate the qualitative factors of a brand’s social media message that are most likely to facilitate a consumer response. Design/methodology/approach – A content analysis of 1,086 social media posts was conducted from the corporate Facebook pages of 92 global brands during a one-month (snapshot) time horizon in July 2013. The data collected from each individual post include its media type (i.e. text, photo or video), its content orientation (i.e. task, interaction and self-oriented) and the number and type of consumer response it generated (i.e. likes, comments and shares). Findings – Research findings reveal that global brands actively utilize social media, posting on average three messages per ...
Antibody Engineering: Optimizing the Delivery Vehicle

The progression of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) has beendrivenby theneed to solvea series of problems.Asvariants of antibodies have beendevelopedandevaluated inpreclinical studies, opportunities and limitationshave become evident. Recent advances in DNA technology have led to the ability to tailor and manipulate the immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule for specific functions and in vivo properties. This chapter discusses the use of monoclonal antibodies for radiotherapy with an emphasis on the problems that have been encountered and the subsequent solutions. The exploration of monoclonal antibodies as vehicles for the delivery of radionuclides for therapy has been ongoing for almost 50 years (1). In 1948, Pressman and Keighley reported the first in vivo use of a radiolabeled antibody for imaging (2). Ten years later, the first report of radiolabeled tumor-specific antibodies was utilized for radioimmunodiagnosis, and in 1960, radiolabeled antibodies were used to selectively deliver a therapeutic dose of radiation to tumor tissue (1, 3). Even at these early stages, investigators were quick to realize the obstacles associated with utilizing antibodies for radioimmunotherapy. Radiation doses delivered to tumors in patients were too low to have significant effects on tumor growth, and the prolonged retention of the radiolabeled antibodies in the blood led to toxicity complications (4). The inherent heterogeneity in specificity and affinity of polyclonal antibodies resulted in in vivo variability. The advent of hybridoma technology and the ability to generate monospecific, monoclonal antibodies produced a resurgence in the use of antibodies as “magicbullets” (5, 6). In the1980s, the literature explodedwith reports of radiolabeled MAbs being evaluated in the clinical setting, initially in radioimmunodiagnostic applications, confirming that MAbs against tumor-associated antigens could target
Synergistic inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma growth by cotargeting chromatin modifying enzymes and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerases

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a particularly lethal form of cancer, yet effective therapeutic options for advanced HCC are limited. As poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are emerging to be among the most promising targets in cancer therapy, and sensitivity to PARP inhibition depends on homologous recombination (HR) deficiency and inhibition of HDAC activity blocks the HR pathway, we tested the hypothesis that co-targeting both enzymatic activities could synergistically inhibit HCC growth and defined the molecular determinants of sensitivity to both enzyme inhibitors. We discovered that HCC cells have differential sensitivity to HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and PARP inhibitor Olaparib, and identified one pair of cell lines, termed SNU-398 and SNU-449, with sensitive versus resistant phenotype to both enzyme inhibitors, respectively. Co-administration of SAHA and Olaparib synergistically inhibited the growth of SNU-398 but not SNU-449 cells, which was associated with increased apoptosis and accumulated unrepaired DNA damage. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that the hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation may be an important genetic determinant of cellular sensitivity to both enzymatic inhibitors, and coordinate activation or inactivation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and cAMP-mediated signaling pathways are involved in cell response to SAHA and Olaparib treatment. Conclusion—These findings suggest that combination therapy with both enzyme inhibitors may be a strategy for therapy of sensitive HCC cells, and identification of these novel molecular determinants may eventually guide the optimal use of PARP and HDAC inhibitors in the clinic.
The Relationship of Egg Shell Color to Hatchability in New Hampshires

Abstract UNTIL recently few studies had been conducted on the relationship of egg shell color to hatchability. Godfrey (1947), using two flocks of New Hampshire Reds, one flock of White Plymouth Rocks, and one flock of Barred Plymouth Rocks, reported that light brown New Hampshire and White Plymouth Rock eggs studied, hatched poorly in comparison with medium to dark brown eggs. The light colored Barred Plymouth Rock eggs hatched as well as the medium brown, but poorer than the dark brown eggs. Munday (1947), using Rhode Island Red pullets, reported that dark brown eggs were more fertile, and possessed better hatchability than those of lighter shades. He also reported that hens laying eggs of uniform color are likely to show a higher hatchability than hens laying eggs of varied color. The objective in this study was to determine if eggs of different shell color laid by the New Hampshires in the . . .
60GHz low-loss compact phase shifters using a transformer-based hybrid in 65nm CMOS

Two compact, low-loss, passive reflective type 60GHz phase shifters are presented in a standard 65nm CMOS technology. The designs use lumped-element baluns to implement the hybrid with an insertion loss better than 0.7dB. The first architecture achieves 180 degrees phase shift with an average loss of 6.6dB and area of 0.031mm2. The second phase shifter demonstrates the best reported average loss of 4.5dB with an area of 0.048mm2 while having ∼150 degrees of phase shift. Both designs provide more than 10GHz of bandwidth. These are the smallest reported 60GHz phase shifters in silicon.