cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Staphylococcal enterocolitis: Studies in bacteriophage typing patterns

Summary Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from the stools of 55 patients with staphylococcal enterocolitis complicating antibiotic therapy during an 18 month period in 1960 and 1961 were tested with the phages from the Standard International Series and 36 (65.4 per cent) were found to be “untypable.” When these 36 “untypable” isolates were tested further with the new bacteriophage types, UC-13, 14, 16, 18 and 20, recently isolated in the Research Surgical Bacteriology Laboratory of the University of Cincinnati, only 4 (11.1 per cent) remained “untypable.” The composite patterns of the 55 strains tested with the Standard International Series and the UC phages revealed that 25 (45 per cent) were UC-18, 14 (25 per cent) were 53, 77 and 4 (7 per cent) were UC-13, UC-18. Only 4 (7 per cent) remained “untypable.” During the following 12 month period 33 patients with staphylococcal enterocolitis showed an increasing incidence of UC-18 type isolates, the percentage being 72.7. None were of the standard phage groups. Of further interest has been the fact that 45 stool cultures of “normal” hospitalized patients revealed 11 (24 per cent) to contain the Staphylococcus aureus. None of these were of the UC-18 type nor “untypable.” The majority were type UC-13. This investigation indicates that staphylococcal enterocolitis complicating antibiotic therapy in the Cincinnati area during the past two and one-half years has been caused predominantly by one specific strain of Staphylococcus aureus, identified as UC-18 phage type in over 70 per cent of the cases. The significance of this specific type in this disease in other geographic areas is under further study.
An experimental evaluation of a histochemical diagnosis of burn depth

Summary Preliminary findings are reported on the effects of linear burns on rat skin, using neotetrazolium chloride and reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide as histochemical criteria for the detection of DPNH dehydrogenase activity in burned tissues. The appearance of a red band of cells in the injured dermis, immediately following thermal injury, as detected by this technique, may be of particular relevance to the rapid early diagnosis of burn depth. Above this band the dermal and epithelial tissue has been irreparably damaged and is destined to be sloughed; below the band, the dermal tissue unless further insulted will undergo repair. If epidermal elements (pilosebaceous units) are present below the band, resurfacing is greatly facilitated.
Students Information Security Practices and Awareness

AbstractAs cyber threats continue to grow at an exponential rate, the need for training in information security awareness spreads far beyond the Information Technology college curriculum. Information Security proliferates into various domains of knowledge and becomes more context-aware. Consequently, the training in information awareness at a college level must cater more specifically to students' practices. This paper presents the results of the Information Security survey conducted among students of the College of Business and Economics at California State University, Los Angeles in spring 2011. The survey revealed several characteristics of students' practices and their awareness of risks and countermeasures related to computer skills, mobile computing, loss and encryption of data, online social networking, awareness training, correlation between practice and awareness, and others. The survey also revealed that the major problem with security awareness is not due to a lack of security knowledge, but in...
The Surface Properties of Lung 36 kDa Ca2+-Dependent Phospholipid- Binding Protein

The intrinsic surface activity of a 36 kDa rabbit lung calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein (PLBP), a member of the annexin family of such proteins, at the air/water interface has been determined from measurements of surface tension of aqueous solutions, and surface concentration of 14C-labeled PLBP adsorbed from aqueous solution in the absence and presence of Ca2+. It was also possible to spread insoluble monolayers of PLBP to determine surface pressure vs. surface concentration isotherms, as well as surface elasticity and surface viscosity as a function of frequency from electrocapillary wave diffraction measurements. PLBP has been shown to exhibit significant intrinsic surface activity at the air/water interface, comparable to a variety of other hydrophobic proteins known to be quite surface active. In all cases, surface properties were enhanced by the presence of Ca2+, particularly the degree of surface viscoelasticity at close-packing in the monolayer. This is believed to reflect changes in protein conformation at the surface.
Clinical experiences utilizing wireless remote control and an ASP model backup archive for a disaster recovery event

An Application Service Provider (ASP) archive model for disaster recovery for Saint John’s Health Center (SJHC) clinical PACS data has been implemented using a Fault-Tolerant Archive Server at the Image Processing and Informatics Laboratory, Marina del Rey, CA (IPIL) since mid-2002. The purpose of this paper is to provide clinical experiences with the implementation of an ASP model backup archive in conjunction with handheld wireless technologies for a particular disaster recovery scenario, an earthquake, in which the local PACS archive and the hospital are destroyed and the patients are moved from one hospital to another. The three sites involved are: (1) SJHC, the simulated disaster site; (2) IPIL, the ASP backup archive site; and (3) University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center (UCLA), the relocated patient site. An ASP backup archive has been established at IPIL to receive clinical PACS images daily using a T1 line from SJHC for backup and disaster recovery storage. Procedures were established to test the network connectivity and data integrity on a regular basis. In a given disaster scenario where the local PACS archive has been destroyed and the patients need to be moved to a second hospital, a wireless handheld device such as a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) can be utilized to route images to the second hospital site with a PACS and reviewed by radiologists. To simulate this disaster scenario, a wireless network was implemented within the clinical environment in all three sites: SJHC, IPIL, and UCLA. Upon executing the disaster scenario, the SJHC PACS archive server simulates a downtime disaster event. Using the PDA, the radiologist at UCLA can query the ASP backup archive server at IPIL for PACS images and route them directly to UCLA. Implementation experiences integrating this solution within the three clinical environments as well as the wireless performance are discussed. A clinical downtime disaster scenario was implemented and successfully tested. Radiologists were able to successfully query PACS images utilizing a wireless handheld device from the ASP backup archive at IPIL and route the PACS images directly to a second clinical site at UCLA where they and the patients are located at that time. In a disaster scenario, using a wireless device, radiologists at the disaster health care center can route PACS data from an ASP backup archive server to be reviewed in a live clinical PACS environment at a secondary site. This solution allows Radiologists to use a wireless handheld device to control the image workflow and to review PACS images during a major disaster event where patients must be moved to a secondary site.
Improving manufacturing variability control in advanced CMOS technology by using TCAD methodology

Rapid development of a well controlled manufacturing process is a key component of marketplace success. Accomplishing this requires a thorough understanding of the effects of process variations on parametric yield. Use of Technology Computer Assisted Design (TCAD) simulations and statistical analysis can decrease the time needed to assess the manufacturability of various transistor design options, and identify the key process parameters that cause the largest variations. This paper covers a new methodology that combines Design of Experiments (DOE) with process and device simulations to generate transistor parametric statistical models. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to generate transistor parametric sensitivities and statistical distributions. Examples of applying this methodology to 130nm technology will be given.
Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Vaginosis/Vaginitis

Although much has been learned about sexually transmissible forms of vaginitis/vaginosis during the past decade, therapeutic options for these disorders remain limited. A single 2-g oral dose of metronidazole still remains highly effective against most Trichomonas vaginalis infections. Mildly resistant infections can usually be cured with metronidazole oral doses of 2 g daily for 3-7 days. When highly resistant infections occur, toxic levels of metronidazole may be needed for the drug to cure the infection. Metronidazole (500 mg twice daily for 7 days) continues to be highly efficacious in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Shorter oral treatment regimens that use single 2-g doses of metronidazole for 2-3 days appear promising but may be associated with higher relapse rates. Oral clindamycin (300 mg twice daily) or local 2% clindamycin cream (once daily for 7 days) also may be effective. Metronidazole intravaginal sponges (250-1,000 mg) used for 3 days may also be effective in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.
Diversity, Equity, and Education in a Globalized World

In a globalized world in which our lives are ever more interconnected, and in which education matters ever more for the success and survival of individuals and nations, the United States has been s...
Relationship between IgE and specific aeroallergen sensitivity in Alaskan native children.

Background The relationship between atopic disease and serum IgE levels varies among populations and geographic regions. The close association of atopy with IgE may not occur in subarctic populations as it does in developed countries in temperate climates. Objectives To evaluate the relationship between total and specific IgE concentrations and clinical atopy in 5- to 8-year-old Alaskan native children. Methods Medical record reviews, interviews, physical examinations, serum IgE measurements, and radioallergosorbent testing (RAST) were performed. Results The IgE geometric mean was 122.1 IU/mL. Fifty-eight percent of patients had IgE levels greater than 70 IU/mL, and 17% had levels greater than 1,000 IU/mL; 14% had RAST values greater than 0.35 kU/L. Both IgE levels greater than 70 IU/mL and greater than 1,000 IU/mL were associated with RAST values greater than 0.35 IU/L ( P = .004) and early wheezing ( P = .005) but not with current wheezing, asthma, eczema, or a history of allergies. A RAST value greater than 3.51 kU/L was associated with eczema ( P = .04) but not with allergies or wheezing. Children with current wheezing were more likely to have allergies ( P = .03) but not eczema, an IgE level greater than 70 IU/mL, or a positive RAST value. Children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were not more likely than controls to have current wheezing. Conclusions Elevated serum IgE concentrations, including levels greater than 1,000 IU/mL, are common among Alaskan native children; positive RAST reactions to aeroallergens are not. The IgE levels do not relate to wheezing, eczema, a history of allergies, or past hospitalization for RSV infection but likely reflect infections other than RSV and environmental factors in subarctic indigenous populations.
A Database of Vocal Tract Resonance Trajectories for Research in Speech Processing

While vocal tract resonances (VTRs, or formants that are defined as such resonances) are known to play a critical role in human speech perception and in computer speech processing, there has been a lack of standard databases needed for the quantitative evaluation of automatic VTR extraction techniques. We report in this paper on our recent effort to create a publicly available database of the first three VTR frequency trajectories. The database contains a representative subset of the TEMIT corpus with respect to speaker, gender, dialect and phonetic context, with a total of 538 sentences. A Matlab-based labeling tool is developed, with high-resolution wideband spectrograms displayed to assist in visual identification of VTR frequency values which are then recorded via mouse clicks and local spline interpolation. Special attention is paid to VTR values during consonant-to-vowel (CV) and vowel-to-consonant (VC) transitions, and to speech segments with vocal tract anti-resonances. Using this database, we quantitatively assess two common automatic VTR tracking techniques in terms of their average tracking errors analyzed within each of the six major broad phonetic classes as well as during CV and VC transitions. The potential use of the VTR database for research in several areas of speech processing is discussed
Asymptotic packing via a branching process

It is shown that under certain side conditions the natural random greedy algorithm almost always provides an asymptotically optimal packing of disjoint hyperedges from a hypergraph H.
Paromomycin and Geneticin Inhibit Intracellular Cryptosporidium parvum without Trafficking through the Host Cell Cytoplasm: Implications for Drug Delivery

Cryptosporidium parvum, which causes intractable diarrhea and lethal wasting in people with AIDS, occupies an unusual intracellular but extracytoplasmic niche. No reliable therapy for cryptosporidiosis exists, though the aminoglycoside paromomycin is somewhat effective. We report that paromomycin and the related compound geneticin manifest their major in vitro anti-C. parvum activity against intracellular parasites via a mechanism that does not require drug trafficking through the host cell cytoplasm. We used both normal and transformed aminoglycoside-resistant Caco-2 or MDBK cells in these studies. Timed-exposure experiments demonstrated that these drugs inhibit intracellular but not extracellular parasites. Apical but not basolateral exposure of infected cells to these drugs led to very significant parasite inhibition, indicating an apical topological restriction of action. We estimated intracytoplasmic concentrations of paromomycin, using an intracellular bacterial killing assay, and found that C. parvum infection did not lead to increased paromomycin concentrations compared to those in uninfected cells. Global [3H]paromomycin uptake by Caco-2 cells was approximately 200-fold higher than the estimated intracytoplasmic paromomycin concentration, suggestive of host cell vesicular uptake and concentration (as has been reported with other cell lines). However, preinfection exposure of Caco-2 cells to paromomycin did not result in subsequent inhibition of parasite development, indicating that if exogenous paromomycin enters the infected host cell vesicular compartment, it does not effectively communicate with the parasite. Thus, the apical membranes overlying the parasite and parasitophorous vacuole may be the unsuspected major route of entry for paromomycin and may be of importance in the design and discovery of novel drug therapies for the otherwise untreatable C. parvum.
On the throughput of Bluetooth data transmissions

Analytical expressions for the throughput (in kbit/s) as a function of channel symbol signal-to-noise ratio (E/sub s//N/sub 0/) are derived for the six Bluetooth ACL packets that use automatic repeat request (ARQ). The analysis is exact under the assumptions that the outer CRC code provides perfect error detection and that the channel remains stationary for the duration of each packet. Using an expression for noncoherent correlated (h<0.5) full response FSK signals, numerical results are provided for AWGN and quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels. These curves are an appropriate benchmark against which practical demodulators and custom error control techniques may be compared.
Classifying EEG-based motor imagery tasks by means of time–frequency synthesized spatial patterns

Abstract Objective To develop a single trial motor imagery (MI) classification strategy for the brain–computer interface (BCI) applications by using time–frequency synthesis approach to accommodate the individual difference, and using the spatial patterns derived from electroencephalogram (EEG) rhythmic components as the feature description. Methods The EEGs are decomposed into a series of frequency bands, and the instantaneous power is represented by the envelop of oscillatory activity, which forms the spatial patterns for a given electrode montage at a time–frequency grid. Time–frequency weights determined by training process are used to synthesize the contributions from the time–frequency domains. Results The present method was tested in nine human subjects performing left or right hand movement imagery tasks. The overall classification accuracies for nine human subjects were about 80% in the 10-fold cross-validation, without rejecting any trials from the dataset. The loci of MI activity were shown in the spatial topography of differential-mode patterns over the sensorimotor area. Conclusions The present method does not contain a priori subject-dependent parameters, and is computationally efficient. The testing results are promising considering the fact that no trials are excluded due to noise or artifact. Significance The present method promises to provide a useful alternative as a general purpose classification procedure for MI classification.
PARTNERING IN PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION: A MODEL TO HELP INDUSTRY SHAPE HEALTH CARE REFORM

Analyzing the health care system as a system which involves the entire human population will help one understand the effect on its balance by the ethical, philosophical, and cultural forces that have acted on its evolution through the centuries. There is then a possibility, through science, technology, and society (STS) education, which has the development of an ecological society as one of its underpinnings, of affecting this balance in a way that would be favorable for the pharmaceutical industry. The model of partnering in pharmaceutical education (PIPE) is a type of education which is directed toward the interface of science, technology, and society and may be deployed in any therapeutic area to accomplish such a task. With educational resources being strained throughout the nation, and because the pharmaceutical industry has numerous resources that may be shaped into creative directions, it is necessary for the industry to take a leadership role. Using the appropriate model, the industry will catalyze health care reform by leading an educational team-building and partnering effort. Since education is the immediate deliverable that will be sought at each component of the model, funding required may be minimal, and there are significant possibilities of creating new challenging and innovative jobs by redeployment. Because of the major educational impact that emanates from each interaction within the model, relatively simultaneously, other deliverables follow that may change health careparadigms, such as disease state knowledge and standards of care, toward a common goal in an accelerated and concerted manner.
Health-care access and weight change among young adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

OBJECTIVE Health-care access is associated with improved control of multiple chronic diseases, but the association between health-care access and weight change is unclear. The present study aims to test the association between health-care access and weight change. DESIGN The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study is a multicentre population-based prospective study. Weight change was calculated at 3 and 13 years after CARDIA year 7 (1992-1993). Health-care access was defined as no barriers or one or more barriers to access (health insurance gap, no usual source of care, not seeking care due to expense). Intermediary variables evaluated included history of dieting and use of diet pills, meal replacements or weight-control programmes. SETTING Four cities in the USA. SUBJECTS Participants were aged 18-30 years at baseline (1985-1986). Analyses include 3922 black and white men and women with relevant data from CARDIA years 7, 10 and 20 (1992-1993, 1995-1996 and 2005-2006, respectively). RESULTS Mean weight change was +2.22 kg (+4.9 lb) by 3 years and +8.48 kg (+18.7 lb) by 13 years, with no differences by health-care access. Being on a weight-reducing diet was not consistently associated with health-care access across examinations. Use of diet pills, meal replacements or organized weight-control programmes was low, and did not vary by health-care access. CONCLUSIONS Weight gain was high irrespective of health-care access. Public health and clinical approaches are needed to address weight gain.
Fire performance of composite laminates embedded with multi-ply carbon nanofiber sheets

Abstract In this study, free-standing carbon nanofiber sheets (CNS) were incorporated into glass fiber reinforced polyester composites through resin transfer molding (RTM) process. These sheets were made of vapor grown carbon nanofibers. The composite laminates consisted of eight plies of CNS and eight plies of glass fiber mats. The fire retarding performance of the laminates was evaluated with cone calorimeter tests with an external radiated heat flux of 50 kW / m 2 . The test results indicated that there was significant improvement in the fire retardancy of composite laminates due to the incorporation of CNS. It was found that the CNS plies survived the test except the one on the top surface of the laminates. The formation of compact char materials was observed on the surface of the CNS residues. The improvement in fire retarding performance was achieved through the barrier and insulator effects of the CNS and charred materials by restricting the migration of flammable products to the top surface of the laminates and preventing the transmission of external heat to the underlying polyester resin.
An on-line, business-oriented optimization of performance and availability for utility computing

Utility computing provides a pay-as-you-go approach to information systems in which application providers (e.g., web sites) can better manage their costs by adding capacity in response to increased demands and shedding capacity when it is no longer needed. This paper addresses application providers who use clusters of servers. Our work develops a framework to determine the number of servers that minimizes the sum of quality-of-service (QoS) costs resulting from service level penalties and server holding costs for the server cluster. The server characteristics considered are service rate, failure rates, repair rates, and costs. The contributions of this paper are: 1) a model for the performance and availability of an e-Commerce system that is consistent with data from a multisystem testbed with an e-Commerce workload; 2) a business-oriented cost model for resource allocation for application providers; 3) a closed form approximation for the optimal allocation of servers for an application provider based on the performance model in 1) and the cost model in 2); and 4) a simple criteria for utility owners and server manufacturers to make tradeoffs between server characteristics.
Non-commutative geometry from 0-branes in a background B-field

Abstract We study 0-branes in type IIA on T2 with a background B-field turned on. This enables us to find the matrix model for M-theory on T2 with a background 3-form potential along the torus and the lightlike circle. The theory is a non-local (2 + 1)-dimensional SYM theory on a dual T2 exactly as proposed by Connes, Douglas and Schwarz. We calculate the radii and the gauge coupling for the SYM on the dual T2 for all choices of longitudinal momentum and membrane wrapping number on the T2.
Diverse functions of N-cadherin in dendritic and axonal terminal arborization of olfactory projection neurons.

The cadherin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules have been proposed to play important roles in determining synaptic specificity in developing nervous systems. We examine the function of N-cadherin in Drosophila second order olfactory projection neurons (PNs), each of which must selectively target their dendrites to one of ∼50 glomeruli. Our results do not support an instructive role for N-cadherin in selecting dendritic targets; rather, N-cadherin is essential for PNs to restrict their dendrites to single glomeruli. Mosaic analyses suggest that N-cadherin mediates dendro-dendritic interactions between PNs and thus contributes to refinement of PN dendrites to single glomeruli. N-cadherin is also essential for the development of PN axon terminal arbors in two distinct central targets: regulating branch stability in the lateral horn and restricting high-order branching in the mushroom body. Although the N-cadherin locus potentially encodes eight alternatively spliced isoforms, transgenic expression of one isoform is sufficient to rescue all phenotypes.
Fast swept-volume distance for robust collision detection

The need for collision detection arises in several robotics areas, including motion-planning, online collision avoidance, and simulation. At the heart of most current methods are algorithms for interference detection and/or distance computation. A few recent algorithms and implementations are very fast, but to use them for accurate collision detection, very small step sizes can be necessary, reducing their effective efficiency. We present a fast, implemented technique for doing exact distance computation and interference detection for translationally-swept bodies. For rotationally swept bodies, we adapt this technique to improve accuracy, for any given step size, in distance computation and interference detection. We present preliminary experiments which show that the combination of basic and swept-body calculations holds much promise for faster accurate collision detection.
Investigation of the System Beryllium–Boron

Mixtures of beryllium and boron powders were reacted under argon at elevated temperatures. X-ray, singlecrystal, and powder diffraction analyses, chemical analyses, and Knoop micro-hardness measurements were made. Melting- point ranges were established for compounds of reasonable purity. One compound was identified. Beryllium diboride (BeB/sub 2/) has a hexagonal unit cell. Its hardness was 3180 plus or minus 100 (H/sub K10//sub 0/), and its melting point was greater than 1970 deg C. Beryllium hexaboride (BeB/sub 6/) has a tetragonal unit cell, a hardness of 2577 plus or minus 75 (H/sub K10//sub 0/), and a melting poin t between 2020 deg and 2120 deg C. An anisotropic unknown phase existed whose Be: B ratio was between 6: 1 and 2: 1 and whose hardness ranged between 623 and 917 (H/sub K2/>i/sub 5/), depend->s ing on orientation. A eutectic between beryllium and the unknown phase was observed at 972 deg plus or minus 15 deg C. (auth)
Haldane's Rule by Sexual Transformation in Caenorhabditis

Haldane's rule in C. briggsae × C. remanei broods was caused by sexual transformation; XX and XO hybrids were female. C. briggsae and C. remanei variants that partially suppress hybrid sexual transformation were identified. Effects of variant strains were cumulative. Hence, aberrant sex determination is a reproductive isolation mechanism in Caenorhabditis.
Patterns of behavioral adjustment and maladjustment in mental retardation: Comparison of children with and without ADHD

A variety of behavioral and emotional problems have been associated with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD) in children of average intellect. In contrast, little is known about concomitant behavioral and emotional problems in children with ADHD and mental retardation. In this study, we used the Personality Inventory for Children-Revised to assess the behavioral adjustment of 48 children with mental retardation and ADHD compared to that of 47 children with mental retardation without ADHD. The ADHD group had significantly more symptoms of depression, family conflict, noncompliance, anxiety, hyperactivity, inadequate social skills, and academic problems. Results are strongly suggestive of significant behavioral and emotional problems in children with ADHD and mental retardation, thus mirroring the pattern associated with ADHD in the general school-age population.
The Parkinsonian mimetic, 6-OHDA, impairs axonal transport in dopaminergic axons

6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is one of the most commonly used toxins for modeling degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in Parkinson's disease. 6-OHDA also causes axonal degeneration, a process that appears to precede the death of DA neurons. To understand the processes involved in 6-OHDA-mediated axonal degeneration, a microdevice designed to isolate axons fluidically from cell bodies was used in conjunction with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled DA neurons. Results showed that 6-OHDA quickly induced mitochondrial transport dysfunction in both DA and non-DA axons. This appeared to be a general effect on transport function since 6-OHDA also disrupted transport of synaptophysin-tagged vesicles. The effects of 6-OHDA on mitochondrial transport were blocked by the addition of the SOD1-mimetic, Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP), as well as the anti-oxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) suggesting that free radical species played a role in this process. Temporally, microtubule disruption and autophagy occurred after transport dysfunction yet before DA cell death following 6-OHDA treatment. The results from the study suggest that ROS-mediated transport dysfunction occurs early and plays a significant role in inducing axonal degeneration in response to 6-OHDA treatment.
Women's evaluation of their childbirth performance.

OBJECTIVE To describe women's evaluation of their own performance during labor and delivery. METHODS Participants (N = 60) were Lamaze-prepared, married multigravidae, aged 21-37 years who responded to open-ended questions in tape-recorded interviews during their postpartum hospital stay. Qualitative data analysis was used to identify themes. FINDINGS Women evaluated their childbirth performance as managing well (45%), having difficulty (35%), and managing poorly (20%). The following helped them to manage well: short, fast labors; minimal pain; Lamaze; husband's encouragement; being informed; feeling strong; medication; and nurses' and physicians' encouragement, help with Lamaze, and information. Women who had managed well before and who were confident about managing well again tended to evaluate their childbirth performance positively. A significant difference was seen in mean labor length: Women who managed well had the shortest labors and women who managed poorly had the longest. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING The women confirmed the notion that they had important work to do; they identified their own performance as one of the most important or the most important component of the childbirth experience.
Project Jumbo: transcription as an assistive technology for instant messaging

The integration of VoIP into Instant Messaging may be a boon for most of us, but not for those who are deaf and hard of hearing. The IBM Human Ability & Accessibility Center initiated Project Jumbo to address this problem. Our remedy is to add a speech-to-text capability to augment voice services with transcripts. In particular, Project Jumbo augments IBM Lotus Sametime. Project Jumbo, which is transitioning to product status under name IBM AbilityLab Sametime Conference Transcriber, will be demonstrated. The demo consists of a chat between the demonstrator and a remote colleague in which the demonstrator speaks rather than types. A major point of the demo is that interactive communication is a new domain for ASR. This domain differs from dictation in a number of ways; prominent among them is that most speech recognition errors do not need to be corrected.
Bivens: The New Normal

The Bivens cause of action has long been regarded as presumptively available in any case where a federal official has violated one's constitutional rights. Although Bivens itself recognized limited exceptions, and although those exceptions have multiplied and expanded over the years, the presumption remained in place. In the last five years, however, the presumption has disappeared; the courts are to make ad hoc judgments about whether to make damages available on policy grounds. Moreover, the War on Terror has made its own categorical inroads on the Bivens remedy. Recognizing that the separation of powers and national security arguments have force, this Essay argues that the Supreme Court has nonetheless lost its perspective on the doctrine.
The Need for Cost/Benefit Analysis When Developing Environmental Standards

The last seven years have seen a special awareness of the need for environmental clean-up throughout the entire U. S. society. Confrontations between regulator and regulatee have, as a result, been acrimonious and numerous, with decisions on various projects remaining seriously delayed or completely unresolved. This paper suggests that environmental/energy disagreements be settled through careful use of cost/benefit analyses. Several examples are cited, and emphasis is placed on making decisions in a timely fashion.Copyright © 1977 by ASME
Abstract 1403: Harnessing nanoparticles to improve toxicity after head and neck radiation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 ) to decrease xerostomia and skin reactions in athymic mice. METHODS: The head and neck (HN A) received no radiation exposure; B) received a single dose of 17.5 Gy; and C) received 30 Gy/6 fractions. In each cohort, animals were randomized into three groups (N=10 per group): 1) intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of saline; 2) i.p. injection of 15 nM CeO 2; and 3) i.p. injection of 15 µM CeO 2 . Two independent double-blinded researchers graded radiation-induced dermatitis and hyperpigmentation at 1, 4, and 12 weeks after radiation therapy according to CTC v. 3.0 criteria. Ninety days after radiation, all mice were anesthetized and stimulated salivary flow was measured after subcutaneous pilocarpine injection (2mg/kg of B.W.) RESULTS: Stimulated sialometry strongly demonstrated improved salivary production in all CeO 2 groups compared to controls not receiving CeO 2 (mean salivary flow 204 vs. 115 µL/10min p=.0002). Grade 3 dermatitis was more prevalent in the fractionated vs. the single fraction cohort. In the fractionated cohort, the incidence of grade 3 dermatitis 1 week after radiation was decreased in the 15 µM CeO 2 group compared to the non-CeO 2 controls (10% vs. 100% incidence of Grade 3 dermatitis, respectively). A similar effect in reduction of grade 3 dermatitis was seen in the 15 µM CeO 2 group when compared to non-CeO 2 controls in both radiation cohorts for all time points evaluated. This effect was not appreciated in the 15 nM CeO 2 group. There was decrease in skin hyperpigmentation at 12 weeks in the 15 µM CeO 2 group compared to the 15 nM CeO 2 and non-CeO 2 groups (50, 70, and 90% grade 2, respectively). There were four Grade V toxicities in the fractionated cohort; three in the 15 nM CeO 2 group and one in the non-CeO 2 group. No Grade V toxicities were noted in the 15 µM CeO 2 group of mice. Additionally, there were no adverse effects noted in the groups of mice receiving CeO 2 without radiation. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that cerium oxide nanoparticles may have a radiation protective effect on salivary production. Parallel observations indicate a reduction in Grade 3 radiation-induced dermatitis and skin hyperpigmentation. The use of cerium oxide nanoparticles as a radioprotectant may be a feasible concept, but should be tested in a larger cohort of mice using a 15 µM concentration of CeO 2 . Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1403.
Mine Wastes and Human Health

Historical mining and mineral processing have been linked definitively to health problems resulting from occupational and environmental exposures to mine wastes. Modern mining and processing methods, when properly designed and implemented, prevent or greatly reduce potential environmental health impacts. However, particularly in developing countries, there are examples of health problems linked to recent mining. In other cases, recent mining has been blamed for health problems but no clear links have been found. The types and abundances of potential toxicants in mine wastes are predictably influenced by the geologic characteristics of the deposit being mined. Hence, Earth scientists can help understand, anticipate, and mitigate potential health issues associated with mining and mineral processing.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and CKD

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are taken by millions of people around the world, often for many months or even years, and some take PPIs on a permanent basis. PPIs, which are available both by prescription and over the counter, generally have an excellent overall safety profile. However, over time, a
Update on the treatment of hypothyroidism.

Purpose of Review Differentiated thyroid cancer is a malignancy that is rapidly increasing in frequency. As thyroidectomy plays a central role in the treatment of thyroid cancer, it is incumbent on physicians treating this patient group to be well versed in the intricacies of treating hypothyroidism.
Prisms in the management of intermittent exotropia.

(1972). Prisms in the Management of Intermittent Exotropia. American Orthoptic Journal: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 22-30.
A Simple and Efficient Method to Handle Sparse Preference Data Using Domination Graphs

The phenomenal growth of the number of videos on YouTube provides enormous potential for users to find content of interest to them. Unfortunately, as the size of the repository grows, the task of discovering high-quality content becomes more daunting. To address this, YouTube occasionally asks users for feedback on videos. In one such event (the YouTube Comedy Slam), users were asked to rate which of two videos was funnier. This yielded sparse pairwise data indicating a participant's relative assessment of two videos. Given this data, several questions immediately arise: how do we make inferences for uncompared pairs, overcome noisy, and usually contradictory, data, and how do we handle severely skewed, real-world, sampling? To address these questions, we introduce the concept of a domination-graph, and demonstrate a simple and scalable method, based on the Adsorption algorithm, to efficiently propagate preferences through the graph. Before tackling the publicly available YouTube data, we extensively test our approach on synthetic data by attempting to recover an underlying, known, rank-order of videos using similarly created sparse preference data.
Traveling the Path of an Organic Revolutionary

First paragraphs: In Organic Revolutionary , Grace Gershuny (former staff member of the National Organic Program [NOP] of the U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA]) recalls her journey helping blaze a trail for organic certification in the 1990s. Her memoir makes for a powerful recounting of the trials and tribulations of being tasked with the David and Goliath–sized job of leading a team to draft the rules for what would eventually become the first process-based set of regulations governing an entire set of food production practices. Creating definitions for those practices, crafting the rules governing those practices, and calculating how to pass such legislation amid political (and at times consumer-driven) opposition are the steps along Gershuny's journey. For younger readers, who consider eating a political act and who care deeply about the impact their food dollars have on the health of their families, the environment, and the animals upon whom they rely for sustenance, it can be difficult to imagine a time before the existence of the USDA Organic label. Gershuny's book provides a first-hand account of how the label came into existence in 2002. Readers will walk in Gershuny's shoes, navigating a precarious political scene replete with landmines, including key issues such as whether the organic label should appear on foods produced through genetic engineering...
Response to Gordon 2016.

Dear Editor,We appreciate the opportunity to respond to Dr. Gordon’s comments1 on our Letter to the Editor2 concerning the weaknesses in his original paper, “Asbestos in commercial cosmetic talcum ...
Hydrodynamics of single-deadrise hulls and their catamaran configurations

Abstract Asymmetric planing hulls are often used on high-speed catamarans. In this study, a linearized potential-flow method is applied for modeling steady hydrodynamics of single asymmetric hulls and their catamaran setups. Numerical results are validated with available experimental data and empirical correlations. Parametric calculation results are presented for the lift coefficient and the center of pressure for variable hull geometry, spacings, and speed regimes. The lift coefficient is found to increase at smaller hull spacings and decrease at higher Froude numbers and higher deadrise angles.
A Pilot Study Applying Social Cognitive Theory to Predict HPV Vaccination Intentions of Unvaccinated College Women

ABSTRACTAlthough college-aged women are at high risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, many college women remain unvaccinated against HPV. Testing health behavior theory can assist sexuality educators in identifying behavioral antecedents to promote behavior change within an intervention. The purpose of this pilot study was to utilize social cognitive theory (SCT) to predict unvaccinated college women's intentions to receive the HPV vaccine within the next six months. A total of 197 unvaccinated college women ages 18–26 attending a large public southeastern university in the United States completed an online questionnaire to assess SCT constructs. Expectations, HPV knowledge, self-efficacy to get the HPV vaccine, situational perception, self-control to get the HPV vaccine, and self-efficacy in overcoming barriers to get the HPV vaccine were regressed on HPV vaccination intentions using the stepwise method. Self-control (p < 0.001, β = .292) and situational perception (p < 0.001, β = .332) were sig...
Vertebrate subsistence in the Mississippian-Historic transition

A considerable difficulty in understanding the MississippianHistoric transition among southeastern native cultures lies in the discontinuities that exist in most forms of data available to researchers. Zooarchaeological methods have the advantage of providing rigorously comparable data from one time period to the next. Faunal assemblages from several different environments and different degrees of colonial penetration are examined to explore changes that occurred in the vertebrate subsistence patterns of southeastern peoples during this pivotal time. Despite the arrival of Europeans and the introduction of their domestic animals, the data indicate notable continuity in subsistence strategies through time.
Environment aware speaker diarization for moving targets using parallel DNN-based recognizers

Current diarization algorithms are commonly applied to the outputs of single non-moving microphones. They do not explicitly identify the content of overlapped segments from multiple speakers or acoustic events. This paper presents an acoustic environment aware child-adult diarization applied to the audio recorded by a single microphone attached to moving targets under realistic high noise conditions. The proposed system exploits a parallel deep neural network and hidden Markov model based approach which enables tracking of rapid turn changes in audio segments as well as capturing the cross talk labels for overlapped speech. It outperforms the state-of-the-art diarization systems without the need to prior clustering or front-end speech activity detection.
The Cryocooler Implications of Flexible, Multi-Channel I/O Cables for Low Temperature Superconducting Microelectronics

The cryocooler performance implications are examined for a multi-channel, flexible, input/output (I/O) cable in a cryosystem for low temperature superconducting microelectronics operating at 10 K and 4.5 K. We show that the I/O cable contribution to the total heat dissipation in either cryosystem is large in comparison to the dissipation from the electronics. High frequency electronic components require very pure copper, short signal paths and the use of a ground plane running the length of the I/O cable. The contradictory demands of electrical and thermal properties for the cable signal lines and ground plane therefore require a quantitative understanding of the heat conduction problem. We have used the integral and thermal network (finite difference) methods to model the effects of the copper thermal conductivity and the signal to ground thermal linkage.
Sensitivity and Efficacy Indices for Oncologic Data Reporting

As bioactive tracers such as radioactive antibodies and other tumor imaging agents are put to wider clinical use, it becomes increasingly difficult to reconcile data from various centers since they report tumor imaging results in a variety of different ways. The most commonly encountered problem is caused by differences in the method of data reporting. One center will describe sensitivity of detection by site of lesion, while another will report sensitivity of detection on a per-patient basis. An example of the confusion caused by differences in methods of data recording can be found in a recent review by DeLand and Goldenberg of their work with anti-CEA antibody studies in a series of 173 patients (1). These cases included 36 patients with lung and breast carcinoma. In this subgroup, 20 of 30 primary lesions and 12 of 17 metastases were visualized. These data are surprising since our own experience with metastatic lung and breast carcinoma suggests that these patients commonly have multiple metastatic lesions (e.g., widespread bony metastases). As a result, we wonder why the number of “known” metastases is not significantly greater than the 17 lesions present in the DeLand and Goldenberg series. As a consequence, these data raise questions about patient selection, or standards and meaning of tumor verification in the reporting of oncologic results.
Boost Gamma Knife Radiosurgery During Multimodality Management of Medulloblastoma/PNET Tumors

Medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system in children accounting for at least 20% of all childhood brain tumors (Kleihues and Cavenee (eds) Pathology and genetics of tumours of the nervous system. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 2000). Multimodal treatment, including maximal feasible resection, fractionated neuraxis radiation therapy, and systemic chemotherapy is considered the standard initial strategy against these tumors. In spite of this, local and metastatic recurrences occur in 30–40% of patients, and such recurrences portend a poor prognosis for survival (Kleihues and Cavenee (eds) Pathology and genetics of tumours of the nervous system. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 2000).
Bimetallic CoMoS Composite Anchored to Biocarbon Fibers as a High-Capacity Anode for Li-Ion Batteries

Our work reports the hydrothermal synthesis of a bimetallic composite CoMoS, followed by the addition of cellulose fibers and its subsequent carbonization under Ar atmosphere (CoMoS@C). For compari...
Trainee psychotherapy effectiveness at a psychodynamic training clinic: a practice-based study

The degree to which clinical experience is a significant factor in predicting positive psychotherapeutic outcomes is an open question. Empirical studies comparing experienced and beginning practiti...
Modelling and comparing 3-D soil stratigraphy using subsurface borings and cone penetrometer tests in coastal Louisiana, USA

Complex subsurface geology of coastal Louisiana, formed under fluvial, deltaic, and sea level influences, increases the uncertainty in design and construction of hard and natural infrastructure. In...