cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A population survey of the estuarine crocodile in the Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar

The estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus was formerly abundant in coastal regions of Myanmar, but is now known principally from the lower Ayeyarwady Delta. We conducted a survey during January 1999 to assess quantitatively the status of crocodile populations in protected areas of the lower delta. Spotlight counts were conducted along 275.4 km of waterways. Sixty-one crocodiles (50 juveniles, 4 subadults, 2 adults and 5 eyeshines) were observed in the Meinmahla Kyun Wildlife Sanctuary (MKWS), and the total population was estimated to be less than 100. The Kadonkani and Pyindaye Reserved Forests (RF) apparently no longer support viable populations. Although crocodiles remain critically endangered in the region, a comparison with survey data from 1980 suggests localized recovery is occurring in MKWS. Population declines are attributed to a combination of commercial skin hunting, habitat loss, drowning in fishing nets and over-collection of living animals to supply crocodile farms. A programme of law enforcement, habitat protection and head-starting juveniles is necessary to ensure the continued survival of estuarine crocodiles in the Ayeyarwady Delta.
Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element modeling of a voltage source excited transformer feeding a rectifier load

An attempt is made to use the electromagnetic finite-element analysis program EMAS to model magnetic nonlinearities and the effects of switching circuits in a coupled system. A novel approach to model the coupling (loading effects) in transformers feeding switching loads is presented. In this approach, transfer functions and nonlinear V-I relationships are used to model a voltage-source-excited three-dimensional transformer model. Three load cases of the transformer model are considered: no load, linear load, and rectifier load. The results obtained from the three load cases demonstrate that coupling (loading) effects are accounted for in the modeling approach. >
Hyperactivity-induced suprahyoid muscular hypertrophy secondary to excessive video game play: a case report.

A 17-year-old boy presented with a 2-year history of an enlarging submental mass. The patient had no complaints of pain but described an 8-week history of increasing discomfort on swallowing. His medical history was otherwise unremarkable. Physical examination revealed an 88-cm, smooth, rubbery, nontender, submental mass. Intraoral examination of the tongue and floor of mouth was normal. On tongue protrusion, the mass became slightly harder. The mass was very noticeable, and the patient and his family were concerned about its nature and its cosmetic impact. Workup included a computed tomography scan, which revealed a soft tissue mass in the submental region between the mandible and hyoid bone, slightly to the left (Fig 1). The mass approached the left hyoid bone and appeared to extend into the left pre-epiglottic space. The radiologic differential diagnosis included infected or hemorrhagic cyst and neoplasms such as hemangioma, neurofibroma, and sarcoma. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was repeated twice, yielding bloody smears and an inconclusive cytologic reading. On surgical exploration (Fig 2), a very thick platysma muscle was noted. Subplatysmal flaps were elevated, and massive anterior bellies of both digastric muscles were found. After separation of the medial edges of the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles, extremely hypertrophied geniohyoid muscles were discovered. The dissection was continued deeper and lateral, revealing hypertrophied myelohyoid muscles. Biopsy samples were taken, and excision was not performed. Histologic examination revealedmuscle hypertrophy with focally perimysial and endomysial fibrosis and microhemorrhages. No primary muscle disease was found. On discussion of the findings with the patient and his parents, it was revealed that for the past 4 years, the patient had been excessively involved in video games (he was “addicted,” according to his parents). He played the games for 4 to 6 hours a day. During play, he continuously moved his lower jaw up and down, repeatedly grimaced and swallowed, and protruded and retruded his tongue. The possibility of muscle hypertrophy secondary to increased activity was raised. The patient and his family were counseled. The patient stopped the increased muscle activity during video game play. Within 4 months, the submental mass had significantly decreased in size. The patient eventually stopped playing video games, and the mass disappeared.
A control architecture for a mobile heavy-lift precision manipulator with limited sensory information

Mobile robotic manipulators can augment the strength and dexterity of human operators in unstructured environments. Here, the control system for a six degree-of-freedom heavy-lift mobile manipulator for lifting and inserting payloads on the deck of a ship is described. The robotic hardware and the application present several control challenges, including structural resonances, high joint friction that varies with time, limited sensors for measuring the joint friction, complex interaction with the environment, tight tolerances for the insertion tasks, lack of bilateral force feedback of the contact forces, and ship motions. The control system enables an operator to perform insertion tasks using feedback of tactile clues of the manipulator position, and reduces the effects of friction with a combination of sensor-based, adaptive, and model-based methods of friction compensation. The control architecture is validated in simulation and on a laboratory manipulator.
Chert provenance analysis at the Mack Canyon Site, Sherman County, Oregon: An evaluative study

Chert is the most frequent lithic raw material in the Columbia Plateau, but archaeologists have made few attempts to link chert artifacts to their quarries in this area. The Mack Canyon Site in north-central Oregon is near a chert source, providing an opportunity to compare provenance analysis techniques. Macroscopic and microscopic visual attributes and element concentrations were determined for 26 samples from six sources in the Columbia Plateau. Additional concentration data from two other sources were included for comparison. Four artifacts were selected from the Mack Canyon Site for comparison to the nearby outcrop. Although all of the artifacts were macroscopically indistinguishable from the local material, microscopic attributes and element concentrations indicate that only one of the artifacts came from the outcrop. Linking chert artifacts and quarries through statistical analysis of element concentrations holds promise for the Columbia Plateau. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Passive transfer of immunity to sarcoma i with serum.

SummarySuccessful passive transfer of immunity to Sarcoma I has been achieved with immune serum. The effect of isoantibody on this tumor appears to be qualitatively similar to that reported for other transplantable tumors, and may account for the rejection of Sarcoma I homografts.
KINETICS OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES IN VITRO: THE PHASE OF EXPONENTIAL GROWTH

The kinetics of thymidine uptake in human peripheral lymphocytes stimulated by allogenic cells, antigen E (ragweed allergen) and a variety of mitogens can generally be divided into four consecutive phases. First, a lag period with no increase in thymidine uptake, then a short period of rapid change in uptake, followed by a log-linear growth period and finally a decay phase. In this report we examine in detail the characteristics of the third, log-linear growth phase. Since, as discussed in the preceding paper, thymidine uptake is proportional to the number of cells acumulating thymidine, we can calculate from the log-linear growth period an apparent doubling time. We show that for five different stimulating agents the cells reach a log-linear growth phase of varying length and that the doubling times show little variation. This invariance indicates that, despite possible variation in cell death and recruitment rates, the rate of proliferation is in all cases dominated by the generation time of human lymphocytes.
Mechanisms of Placebo Pain Reduction: An Empirical Investigation

Identical experimental pain stimuli were applied to the right and left index fingers of 56 university students, following the application of a placebo in the guise of a topical anesthetic to one of the fingers The pain stimuli were administered simultaneously to treated and untreated fingers for half of the subjects and sequentially for the others Significant and equivalent reductions in pain were reported in both conditions as a function of placebo administration These data indicate that reductions of experimental pain produced by placebos presented in the guise of local anesthetics are not mediated by such global mechanisms as anxiety reduction or the release of endogenous opioids
UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF PERSONALITY TRAITS ON INDIVIDUALS' TURNOVER DECISIONS: A META-ANALYTIC PATH MODEL

Historically, researchers have sought to identify environmental causes of employee turnover. This paradigm has led to the underemphasis of individual differences as being an important cause of individuals' turnover decisions. The results of the meta-analysis show that personality traits do have an impact on individuals' turnover intentions and behaviors. The trait of Emotional Stability best predicted (negatively) employees' intentions to quit, whereas the traits of Conscientiousness and Agreeableness best predicted (negatively) actual turnover decisions. A theoretically developed path model showed important direct effects from personality to intentions to quit and turnover behaviors that were not captured through job satisfaction or job performance. These direct effects indicate that employees who are low on Emotional Stability may intend to quit for reasons other than dissatisfaction with their jobs or not being able to perform their jobs well. The direct effects on turnover suggest that individuals who are low on Agreeableness or high on Openness may engage in unplanned quitting. Personality traits had stronger relationships with outcomes than did non-self-report measures of job complexity/job characteristics.
Codes on graphs: normal realizations

A generalized state realization of the Wiberg (1996) type is called normal if symbol variables have degree 1 and state variables have degree 2. A natural graphical model of such a realization has leaf edges representing symbols, ordinary edges representing states, and vertices representing local constraints. Such a graph can be decoded by any version of the sum-product algorithm. Any state realization of a code can be put into normal form without essential change in the corresponding graph or in its decoding complexity. Group or linear codes are generated by group or linear state realizations. On a cycle-free graph, there exists a well-defined minimal canonical realization, and the sum-product algorithm is exact. However, the cut-set bound shows that graphs with cycles may have a superior performance-complexity tradeoff, although the sum-product algorithm is then inexact and iterative, and minimal realizations are not well-defined. Efficient cyclic and cycle-free realizations of Reed-Muller (RM) codes are given as examples. The dual of a normal group realization, appropriately defined, generates the dual group code. The dual realization has the same graph topology as the primal realization, replaces symbol and state variables by their character groups, and replaces primal local constraints by their duals. This fundamental result has many applications, including to dual state spaces, dual minimal trellises, duals to Tanner (1981) graphs, dual input/output (I/O) systems, and dual kernel and image representations. Finally a group code may be decoded using the dual graph, with appropriate Fourier transforms of the inputs and outputs; this can simplify decoding of high-rate codes.
Are You Waving or Drowning

Dr Shepard has made remarkable contributions to the profession of physical therapy through her accomplishments across all areas of practice, education, research, publication, and service. She was one of the pioneers who introduced qualitative research methods to the profession and, with her colleagues, went on to apply the principles of these methods to study differences between “master” and “novice” clinicians. Her work in this area has been vital as the profession continues to grapple with effective ways to prepare professional students, clinical specialists, interns, and residents in physical therapy. Her scholarly work includes more than 60 papers and book chapters and coauthorship of 3 textbooks. She has been invited to speak at state, national, and international professional meetings and has held visiting professorships in Sweden and South Africa. She was the “first” for several invited lectures, including the Polly Cerasoli Lecture at APTA's Combined Sections Meeting and the Eleanor Branch Lecture at Duke University. Dr Shepard's list of awards and honors includes APTA's Dorothy E Baethke-Eleanor J Carlin Award for Excellence in Academic Teaching, Golden Pen Award (now the Jules M Rothstein Golden Pen Award for Scientific Writing), Dorothy Briggs Memorial Scientific Inquiry Award (3 times), and Lucy Blair Service Award. In 1989, Dr Shepard was elected as a Catherine Worthingham Fellow of APTA. She has received awards for outstanding contributions to physical therapy education from Stanford University and Temple University and the APTA Education Section's Leadership Award, and she holds an honorary doctor of science degree from the University of Indianapolis. Thank you, Mr President, Mary McMillan Awardees, physical therapists and physical therapist assistants, guests, and the staff from states and national office who support us so consistently and graciously. Like the Mary McMillan Lecturers before me, I am gratified and humbled to take my place in that long …
Father's Blessing: Ethnographic Drama, Poetry, and Prose

This article consists of ethnographic drama, poetry, and prose. Following interpretivist traditions focusing on how individuals make sense of and make meaning from their lived experience, the author, a heterosexual woman, travels with a gay male friend/participant to visit his estranged father, a retired Air Force pilot and elder in the Mormon Church. The work attempts to show the dialogic construction, negotiation, and transformation of identities and relationships.
Inventory Management with an Exogenous Supply Process

We study single and multistage inventory systems with stochastic lead times. We study a class of stochastic lead time processes, which we refer to as exogenous lead times. This class of lead time processes includes as special cases all lead time models from existing literature (such as Kaplan's lead times with no order crossing or independent and identically distributed lead times with order crossing, among others) but is a substantially broader class. For a system with an exogenous lead time process, we provide a method to determine base-stock levels and to compute the cost of a given base-stock policy. The method relies on relating the cost of a base-stock policy to the cost of a threshold policy in a related single-unit, single-customer problem. This single-unit method is exact for single-stage systems and for multistage systems under certain conditions. If the conditions are not satisfied, the method obtains near-optimal base-stock levels and accurate approximations of cost for multistage systems.
The use of data from national and other large-scale user experience surveys in local quality work: a systematic review

Purpose An important goal for national and large-scale surveys of user experiences is quality improvement. However, large-scale surveys are normally conducted by a professional external surveyor, creating an institutionalized division between the measurement of user experiences and the quality work that is performed locally. The aim of this study was to identify and describe scientific studies related to the use of national and large-scale surveys of user experiences in local quality work. Data sources Ovid EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid PsycINFO and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Study selection Scientific publications about user experiences and satisfaction about the extent to which data from national and other large-scale user experience surveys are used for local quality work in the health services. Data extraction Themes of interest were identified and a narrative analysis was undertaken. Results of data synthesis Thirteen publications were included, all differed substantially in several characteristics. The results show that large-scale surveys of user experiences are used in local quality work. The types of follow-up activity varied considerably from conducting a follow-up analysis of user experience survey data to information sharing and more-systematic efforts to use the data as a basis for improving the quality of care. Conclusion This review shows that large-scale surveys of user experiences are used in local quality work. However, there is a need for more, better and standardized research in this field. The considerable variation in follow-up activities points to the need for systematic guidance on how to use data in local quality work.
Voltaire on Judaism and Christianity

Voltaire's voluminous writings on religion contain, as is well known, a large number of attacks on the Jewish people and Judaism. Historians have offered a variety of explanations for this sustained animosity on the part of a great rationalist and proponent of religious toleration toward a people and a religion which continued, in his own day, to be victimized by unjust persecution. While much remains in dispute, there does seem to be general agreement that Voltaire attacked Judaism at least in part because its most sacred texts constituted the foundation of Christianity, the religion he wished to destroy.
Lymphadenopathy and lymph node infarction in the course of gold therapy.

Abstract Lymphadenopathy, as a complication of gold therapy, appears to be an uncommon occurrence. Lymph node infarction has not been previously documented in this setting. The unique pathologic features in this case may reflect: (1) a phenomenon specific to gold; (2) early examination of the infarcted node; or (3) underlying leukocytoclastic angiitis secondary to gold toxicity. Polymorphonuclear leukocytic infiltration of an infarcted lymph node has apparently not been previously reported.
Alternative pathways for absorption of iron from foods

Iron is known to be absorbed from foods in two major forms, heme iron and non- heme iron. Iron status as well as dietary factors known to affect iron absorption has limited effect on heme iron absorption, whereas inhibitors and enhancers of iron absorption have pro- nounced effects on non-heme iron absorption. The enterocyte transporter for non-heme iron, DMT1, is strongly up-regulated during iron deficiency and down-regulated during iron over- load. A transporter for heme iron, HCP1, was recently characterized and is present on the api- cal membrane of enterocytes. Two other pathways for iron absorption have been discovered and may serve to facilitate uptake of iron from two unique iron-binding proteins, lactoferrin and ferritin. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein in human milk and known to survive proteo lytic digestion. It mediates iron uptake in breast-fed infants through endocytosis via a specific lactoferrin receptor (LfR). Recently, lactoferrin has become popular as a food addi- tive and may enhance iron status in several age groups. Ferritin is present in meat, but also in plants. The ferritin content of plants can be enhanced by conventional breeding or genetic engineering, and thereby increase iron intake of populations consuming plant-based diets. Ferritin is a bioavailable source of iron, as shown in recent human studies. Ferritin can be taken up by intestinal cells via endocytosis, suggesting a receptor-mediated mechanism.
Indentation Micromechanics of Fibroblast-Populated Fibrin Constructs

During normal wound healing, a fibrin clot is formed within the first few minutes and is replaced, over several days, by collagen and other extracellular matrix components which are populated with fibroblasts [Clark, 1996]. This process leads to the rebuilding of dermal tissue on which the epidermal tissue is slowly rebuilt. In severe acute and chronic wounds dermal replacement materials that mimic these processes are needed. Current trends are to use scaffolds as structural substitutes as well as carriers for growth factors and cells for wound treatment. Fibrin-based sealants have been used over the last 30 years in hemostasis and tissue sealing applications and in the last 5 years as a scaffold. Fibrin sealant consists of two primary components, fibrinogen and thrombin which form a fibrin clot when mixed. However, a basic understanding of the microstructure/property relationships of fibrin/collagen constructs is not yet fully established. Furthermore, while previous studies showed that cells proliferate and differentiate within 3D fibrin clots, their effect on structural mechanics of the fibrin clot has not been examined. Here, an indentation protocol was established to determine the effects of fibrin/collagen biochemistry and time-dependent cellular response on the elastic parameters of the constructs. Specifically, 4 ml fibrin/collagen constructs were prepared with varying compositions of human-derived fibrinogen (5 - 33 mg/ml), thrombin (1 or 2 U/ml) and bovine collagen (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 weight % of 2.4 mg/ml collagen). Constructs were prepared with/without the presence of human foreskin fibroblasts (ATCC NIH3T3) seeded at a density of 100K cells/ml. Using a 3-mm diameter punch indenter, the indentation load-displacement response was measured after 1, 5 and 10 days of incubation at 37°C in a humidified air/5% CO 2 atmosphere. Four replicates per experimental condition were prepared, and three indentations per replicate were performed. For the unpopulated fibrin, there was a linear (R=0.983) relationship between the indentation stiffness and fibrinogen concentration. Also, there was a nonlinear relationship between indentation stiffness and concentration of collagen in the fibrin/collagen constructs. Finally, although in most cases there was no measurable change in the stiffness of the cell-populated tissue constructs with incubation time, in one of the cell-populated formulations, however, the indentation stiffness decreased steadily with increasing incubation time. These results are analyzed within the context of existing analytical micromechanics models for the relationships between scaffold structure, e.g., porosity / fibril diameter, and stiffness.
Using front lines to predict deaths in the Bosnian civil war

What static, readily observable indicators might help us predict levels of killing in civil wars? Research using disaggregated event data and spatial models has reported strong relationships between various indicators of ethnic diversity and violent conflict during the Bosnian War (1992-1995). Bosnia is a rare case for empirical research on ethnic violence in civil wars: a census was conducted a few months before violence broke out in a country which recognized and recorded ethnic group membership, and extensively documented post-war fact-finding has recorded over 75,000 deaths and their location. Applying the resulting ethnic conflict models to other conflicts that lack such data will be difficult. This paper examines the relative fit of an alternative model based on distance to front lines and other factors that can be obtained through remote sensing, and which hence are more generalizable. Results from a spatial negative binomial count model estimated with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods show that front lines model performs similarly to the ethnic conflict model in terms of fit, and both are improvements over a base model which accounts for spatial diffusion of violence and local population size only.
Rotation invariant distributions

Definition 4.1.1 A random vector X = (X1, X2,…, X n ) is spherically symmetric if the distribution of every linear form $${a_1}{X_1} + {a_2}{X_2} + \ldots + {a_n}{X_n} \cong {X_1}$$ (4.1) is the same for all a1, ,a2, …,a n ,provideda 1 2 + a 2 2 + … + a 2 n =1.
Modeling social support in autism community on social media

With the high prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among the younger generation, there is a shortage of adequate resources to deliver care for the individuals dealing with autism. Families dealing with autism face huge economic costs and emotional stress to provide care for personnel diagnosed with ASD. Globally almost two billion people use social media regularly. Social media have many advantages such as it connects a large group of individuals with the same subject of interest located across geographical miles. For the families dealing with autism, social media sites provide an open and easily accessible platform to share, gather and exchange information. Social science and information science literature lacks any mathematical definition of social support assessment; our proposed information-theoretic model to assess social support leverages theoretical definitions of social support from social science, linguistics, and social network theory. The proposed methodology enables us not only to estimate social support in a health community, but also to evaluate the effectiveness of communities. The research design used in the study is also generic and applies to other online healthcare communities as well as general online or virtual communities, such as gaming, education, and learning. In the study, we systematically analyze the interactions among families of autism communities on different social media platforms to extract knowledge and to assess the support propagated via those interactions within the autism community. The study found that the autism community provides significant social support to its members both in Twitter and blogs. Social support facilitated by community members can help caregivers surmount challenges and be effective in reducing psychological stress and enhancing the quality of life for individuals diagnosed with ASD.
History and status of the Franklin's Gull on Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon

Franklin's Gulls first arrived in southeast Oregon in 1943, but the first nest was not located until 1948. From 1949 to 1964 gull numbers showed annual fluctuations. An increase began in 1965 and continued through 1980. By 1980 an estimated 2500 Franklin's Gulls were nesting on Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon. The species arrives in April and nesting begins by 1 June. Average nest and egg measurements were similar to those from other areas within the species range.
Flexural-slip folding along the Eastern Elmore Ranch fault in the Superstition Hills earthquake sequence of November 1987

Co-seismic flexural-slip folding of a small anticline along the Eastern Elmore Ranch fault associated with the Superstition Hills earthquake sequence demonstrates that variations in left-lateral slip can be explained locally by folding. Surface rupture on the eastern branch of the Elmore Ranch fault was greatest to the northeast of the fold but decreased to zero across the southern limb. A kilometer long surface-slip gap exists just southwest of the fold, being bounded on the northeast with 75 mm of slip and to the southwest with about 60 mm of slip. Lateral slip continues southwesterly to the faults intersection with the Superstition Hills fault . The gentle-to-openly folded, moderately plunging, upright asymmetric anticline experienced left-lateral slip on the northern limb and right-oblique slip on the southern limb with maximum documented lateral slip along bedding planes of 10 mm. Slip values were greatest on the limbs and decreased to zero at the fold hinge, which is consistent with the flexural-slip folding process. Secondary left-lateral faults ruptured both limbs of the anticline and bedding plane slip was not observed hingeward of these faults . These data suggest that left-lateral strain associated with seismogenic fault rupture was continuous in the subsurface but was accommodated locally by folding at the surface .
Changes in pollinator assemblages following hurricanes affect the mating system of Laguncularia racemosa (Combretaceae) in Florida, USA

Hurricanes are major disturbance events in Neotropical mangrove communities, potentially affecting the reproductive success of mangrove species. This was the first investigation of changes in mangrove pollinator assemblages following hurricanes, and the effect of these changes on the mating system of Laguncularia racemosa. Insect pollinator assemblages were investigated in three Florida mangrove communities in 2001–2003, 2005 and 2009; two hurricanes affected the area in 2004. Visitation rates were estimated from 1445 insects observed during 272 10-min intervals; the number of flowers visited by each insect was also recorded. Pollinator diversity was estimated with the Shannon Index. Following the hurricanes, species richness was reduced by 43–65% and diversity declined by 36–70%. Significant declines in insect visitation to L. racemosa resulted in reduced outcrossing frequencies in 2005. Laguncularia racemosa flowers autogamously self-pollinate without insect visitors, so fruit set still occurred. Visitation rates returned to pre-hurricane levels by 2009, but foraging behaviours differed from pre-hurricane patterns; outcrossing was further favoured by reduced frequencies of long foraging bouts and increased frequencies of short foraging bouts. The mixed mating system of L. racemosa provides reproductive assurance following hurricane disturbances, when pollinator abundance is low.
Transient peripheral plasmacytosis.

Five patients with circulating plasmacytes and plasmacytoid lymphocytes in association with hyperimmunization, sulfonamide sensitivity, trauma and transfusion, hepatic disease and transfusion, and metastatic prostatic carcinoma are described. Peripheral plasmacytes ranged from 300 to 1,376 per cu. mm. and disappeared within 3–7 days. In four of the patients there was no associated M component. However, in one patient with severe alcoholic hepatic disease and hypergammaglobulinemia, transient peripheral plasmacytosis was associated with free circulating kappa chains.
Is Fairey’s Use Fair?

The artist, Shepard Fairey, has caused quite a dust-up in the worlds of copyright law and newspaper photographers. Fairey, it seems, used a photograph of Barrack Obama, taken by Associated Press photographer Mannie Garcia, as the basis for his Obama campaign HOPE and PROGRESS posters. The AP is said to have threatened a copyright infringement suit and Fairey, represented by a gaggle of Stamford University Law School pro bono lawyers, filed a preemptive action in New York seeking a ruling that his use of the Garcia photo was fair and not infringing. Not surprisingly, the AP countersued for copyright infringement.Fairey claims he used Garcia’s photo as a “visual reference”, and that he transformed the literal depiction contained in the Garcia photo into a “stunning, abstracted and idealized visual image that creates a powerful new meaning and conveys a radically different message that has no analogue in the [Garcia photo].” The AP asserts that Fairey’s work copied all of the distinctive elements of the photo in their entire detail – that the two works are essentially the same.
Types and Genesis of the Petroleum Populations in Xinzhan Oilfield

The division of petroleum populations is the basis of studying fluid heterogeneity, reservoir connectivity, reservoir filling history, and so on, so it plays an important role in the research of reservoir geology, especially of reservoir geochemistry. The petroleum populations of Xinzhan Oilfield were divided according to the group composition, saturated hydrocarbon gas chromatogram, biomarker composition of 228 oilsand extracts by means of traditional graphic method and mathematical statistics method. The distribution patterns of different populations and their control factors were analysed based on the result of the division. The analysis results show that, the oilsand of Putaohua oil-bearing formation is divided into three types, and that of Heidimiao oil-bearing formation is divided into two types. It is held that the structural and lithologic factors lead to the different populations of the two oil-bearing formations.
Study on Environmental Protection Issues for Onion Processing Industry of Shengmi Town Xinjian County

The Shengmi Town Xinjian County is granted "China Onion Town" by Agriculture Ministry.Onion and its processing industry have been the main agro-industry of Shengmi Town,but the environmental protection issues can't be ignored.The environmental issues for onion processing industry were surveyed and analyzed in this paper,and solutions were proposed.
Analysis on Death Causation in Pengzhou City During 2004-2005

Objective To discuss the situation and rules of people's death causation in Pengzhou,and so as to establish sanitation strategies and to distribute health resources properly.Method The data were sorted by ICD-10 and analysed by"deathreg 2002".Results The average mortality rate in Pengzhou was 732.63/105,the mortality of the male was 832.92/105 and that of the female was 630.11/105.The morality of male is higher than that of female.The main diseases in order are cerebrovascular disease,respirotary disease,malignancy,damnification and toxonosis,heart disease and digestive system disease.Conclusion Chronic disease is the stress in future,and the prevention of damnification and toxonosis must be focused in society.
Patterns of causation in accidents and other systems engineering failures

Project failures occur despite the industry's best systems engineering efforts. Detailed information on project failures is difficult to find, which makes it difficult to study or understand their causes and hence to identify ways to prevent future failures. In contrast, many accidents have extensive investigations with public reports. To determine whether lessons from accidents can also be used to prevent other types of failures, we compared the causes of accidents and project failures. Our sample consisted of 30 accidents and 32 non-accidents, ranging across various industries. We extracted causes from the reports on accidents and project failures, and analyzed these causes by framing them in a common "actor-action-object" structure. We discarded the details particular to each failure (e.g., the particular component that was affected) to allow us to focus on the underlying problem (e.g., components were not properly maintained). Next, we extracted the particular actions involved in each cause (e.g., failed to maintain). Ten, or just under half of the 22 problematic actions we identified were equally likely to appear in accidents or project failures (95% confidence interval). Of the remaining twelve actions, the majority can be reasonably attributed at least in part to differences in investigation style between accidents and non-accidents. Some differences occur because of when accidents and non-accidents tend to happen. Poor maintenance was rarely an issue in non-accidents, because most project failures occur long before maintenance becomes a concern. Finally, actions involving regulations, procedures, or training were cited more often in accidents, reflecting the greater number and extent of regulations, procedures, or training related to safety.
Analog logarithmic computing primitives with silicon photonics

Optical computing accelerators help alleviate bandwidth and power consumption bottlenecks in electronics. We introduce an approach for the implementation of logarithmic-type analog primitives in silicon photonics.
The Scientific Journal Article

This chapter discusses the scientific journal article. The scientific article is and will remain for sometime vital to the scientific community. It is the basic unit of the scientific journal process that provides a system for formal, public, and orderly communication among scientists. Journals are formal in the sense that article manuscripts have been reviewed, revised to near perfection, and then allowed to pass into the formal domain where they may be explicitly cited and unambiguously retrieved. They are public both in the sense that anyone can submit a manuscript for publication in them and that they are available to anyone in libraries or by subscription. The orderliness of journals is founded on their articles being selected on the basis of scientific merit, which means that (1) the research reported is flawlessly conducted and (2) its results are relevant to scientific progress in the sense that they have explicit continuity with previous work and foreshow the future course of work on the research front.
Social insurance ideas in the People’s Republic of China: A historical and transnational analysis

AbstractThis article provides a historical analysis of the transnational diffusion of social insurance ideas in the People’s Republic of China (1949–present). Based on rich primary documents, this article argues that China’s social insurance policies in the 1950s were heavily influenced by Soviet ideas and institutions of social insurance, which were nevertheless abandoned with the prevailing of Mao’s ideas of “continuing revolution” in the 1960s and 1970s. After China reopened to the world in the late 1970s, China’s social security reforms were first influenced by social insurance ideas of the International Labor Organization (ILO) in the 1980s, then by neoliberal social security models (Singapore’s Central Provident Funds and the World Bank’s three-pillar system) promoted by the World Bank in the 1990s, and finally by the ideas of “social security for all” promoted by the ILO in the new century.
Reasons for influenza vaccination underutilization: A case-control study

Background Influenza vaccines are underused. Methods Most (131/140) patients from a pediatric practice who were tested for influenza in the 2012-2013 season were enrolled. Medical records plus questionnaires determined vaccine and past disease histories and influenza vaccine attitudes. Influenza-negative tested cases (n = 65) and negative controls (n = 110) closely age-matched to 55 test-positive cases were compared with influenza-positive cases (n = 66) regarding prior influenza, vaccine efficacy, and limited vaccine season conflicting with birth dates and preventative visit timing to determine possible validity of reasons given for underutilization. Results The most common parental reason for not vaccinating was lack of perceived need. History of previous influenza was significantly ( P P P P = .30 and P = .60, respectively). Most positive cases (59%) and controls (89%) had no prior influenza. Conclusions Prior influenza disease may be a risk factor for infection that could influence vaccination benefit. Live attenuated influenza vaccine outperformed trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. Limited disease experience in individuals with low influenza vaccination rates, along with vaccine efficacy limitations, lends validity to some underutilization.
Priority-driven plan optimization in locally advanced lung patients based on perfusion SPECT imaging

Abstract Purpose Limits on mean lung dose (MLD) allow for individualization of radiation doses at safe levels for patients with lung tumors. However, MLD does not account for individual differences in the extent or spatial distribution of pulmonary dysfunction among patients, which leads to toxicity variability at the same MLD. We investigated dose rearrangement to minimize the radiation dose to the functional lung as assessed by perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and maximize the target coverage to maintain conventional normal tissue limits. Methods and materials Retrospective plans were optimized for 15 patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who were enrolled in a prospective imaging trial. A staged, priority-based optimization system was used. The baseline priorities were to meet physical MLD and other dose constraints for organs at risk, and to maximize the target generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD). To determine the benefit of dose rearrangement with perfusion SPECT, plans were reoptimized to minimize the generalized equivalent uniform functional dose (gEUfD) to the lung as the subsequent priority. Results When only physical MLD is minimized, lung gEUfD was 12.6 ± 4.9 Gy (6.3-21.7 Gy). When the dose is rearranged to minimize gEUfD directly in the optimization objective function, 10 of 15 cases showed a decrease in lung gEUfD of >20% (lung gEUfD mean 9.9 ± 4.3 Gy, range 2.1-16.2 Gy) while maintaining equivalent planning target volume coverage. Although all dose-limiting constraints remained unviolated, the dose rearrangement resulted in slight gEUD increases to the cord (5.4 ± 3.9 Gy), esophagus (3.0 ± 3.7 Gy), and heart (2.3 ± 2.6 Gy). Conclusions Priority-driven optimization in conjunction with perfusion SPECT permits image guided spatial dose redistribution within the lung and allows for a reduced dose to the functional lung without compromising target coverage or exceeding conventional limits for organs at risk.
Irregularly-shaped school attendance zones and racial integration.

Abstract This paper investigates how much the geographic shapes of school attendance zones within urban school districts are associated with levels of attendance zone racial segregation (while holding constant levels of residential segregation). Based on an analysis of 304 school districts, findings show that more irregularly-shaped school attendance zones are correlated with lower levels of racial segregation in attendance zones after accounting for residential segregation. In fact, not one school district contains both highly irregularly-shaped attendance zones and unusually high levels of attendance zone racial segregation—although there are several school districts with irregularly-shaped zones and unusually high levels of racial integration. These findings undermine recent claims that irregularly-shaped attendance zones generally serve to segregate students by race. In addition to these empirical findings, this paper introduces a variation of the spatial information theory segregation index H ˜ that is useful for predicting segregation in school attendance zones and other types of geographic boundaries containing roughly equal populations.
Localized recursive spatial-temporal state quantification method for data assimilation of wildfire spread simulation

Data assimilation is a procedure to improve the state inference by assimilating the real-time observation data into dynamic systems, such as wildfire spread simulation. Various techniques are used for data assimilation, such as sequential Monte Carlo methods, also called particle filters. In the standard sequential Monte Carlo methods, the used number of particles is the same during the entire process and their convergence is not measured or characterized for runtime state estimation. Therefore, to guarantee the convergence, an abundance of particles is required so that they can be widely distributed in the state space to converge to the true posterior of the system state. In the application of wildfire spread simulation, the spatial states are large and the system behaves in a heterogeneous manner in different fire areas. The heterogeneous feature and the spatially and temporally dynamic behavior of the wildfire spread simulation cause the state inference uncertainty to be dynamically changed. In this pa...
Short-term "double natural orifice catheterization": Nonoperative management of hydrocolpos in persistent cloaca patients - case series.

Abstract Purpose Management of hydrocolpos in cloaca patients is of clinical importance. We report a nonoperative method for the management of hydrocolpos in the form of initial catheter decompression, followed by an endoscopy with catheters placement into both the bladder and vagina, and leaving these catheters for 9 and 14days respectively. Methods The medical records of six cloaca patients with hydrocolpos in the last 12years were reviewed. The outcomes measured were the renal function, bladder emptying, the presence/resolution of hydronephrosis, and the recurrence of hydrocolpos. Results Complete drainage of hydrocolpos was achieved in four out of six cases and partial drainage in two. On common channel endoscopy, in four patients the structures were identified and balloon catheters inserted. After catheter removal, the vagina and urinary tract remained adequately drained through the natural cloacal opening with no post-micturition residual urine, resolution of hydroneprosis within 60days, preserved renal function, and no hydrocolpos reaccumulation. Conclusion Initial decompression and short time catheterization can be the definite solution for some cloaca patients with hydrocolpos. Our case-series showed a success rate in two-thirds of patients by achieving the three main goals; permanent hydrocolpos derivation, undisturbed voiding, and preservation of renal function. Level of evidence Study can be classified as a Treatment Study, LEVEL IV Case series with no comparison group.
Evaluation of thrombolysis using tissue plasminogen activator in lower extremity deep venous thrombosis with concomitant femoral-popliteal venous segment involvement.

Abstract Objective Current guidelines recommend thrombolytic therapy for iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Anticoagulation is the standard treatment for femoral-popliteal and tibial-level DVT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) using tissue plasminogen activator vs standard anticoagulation alone in patients with lower extremity DVT involving the femoral-popliteal segment. Methods A retrospective review was performed of patients referred to the vascular surgery service with lower extremity DVT from 2006 to 2015. Patients who had DVT involving the femoral-popliteal segment were identified, including some patients who had concomitant involvement of iliofemoral and tibial veins. Patients with pure iliofemoral and tibial vein DVT were excluded from this analysis. Review of medical records, follow-up ultrasound studies, hypercoagulable panel, and venography were performed. Comparison of outcomes between patients who received thrombolytic therapy using tissue plasminogen activator and patients who received standard anticoagulation alone was performed. The primary outcomes measured were restoration of patency of the femoral-popliteal segment at 3 months, incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), and valvular dysfunction. Secondary outcomes were incidence of bleeding, in-hospital mortality, and pulmonary embolism. Results The study cohort was composed of 191 patients (CDT, n = 89; anticoagulation alone, n = 102) who met inclusion criteria. Most patients with thrombus involving the femoral-popliteal segment also had proximal venous segment involvement, with 93% of the patient cohort having proximal iliofemoral DVT. Patients who did not receive CDT were older (mean age of 64 years vs 51 years; P Conclusions In patients with acute proximal DVT and concomitant femoral-popliteal venous segment involvement, CDT resulted in superior patency at 3 months and less PTS and valvular reflux. This was achieved without increase in bleeding complications compared with anticoagulation alone. Age was the major factor predictive of bleeding in either group. The results of this study may not be applicable to patients with pure femoral-popliteal venous segment DVT because only 3% of patients had this finding.