cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why Academic Divisions of Hematology/Oncology Are in Trouble and Some Suggestions for Resolution

PURPOSE: Academic divisions of hematology/oncology seem to have difficulty recruiting and retaining excellent productive clinicians. A major reason for this is that salaries do not compete with the private sector for similar work. METHODS: We reviewed divisional finances productivity, and experiences from faculty members leaving. RESULTS: The academic salaries are approximately one third of practice because the chemotherapy concession has been given to the academic hospital. In addition, there may be substantial problems in under-billing, lack of attention to detail in billing, and poor collection practices. CONCLUSION: Academic practice still has much to offer, including opportunities for research and multidisciplinary team management, although the differences may narrow over the coming years. Attention to detail in the billing, collection for work performed, and increasing academic salaries to levels nearer to private practice are necessary components of the solution to recruit and retain quality pro-du...
Genetic Modifiers of the Phenotypic Level of Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Conferred Novobiocin Resistance in Haemophilus

Leidy, Grace (Columbia University, New York, N.Y.), Iris Jaffee, and Hattie E. Alexander. Genetic modifiers of the phenotypic level of deoxyribonucleic acid-conferred novobiocin resistance in Haemophilus. J. Bacteriol. 92:1464–1468. 1966.—An apparent increase in novobiocin resistance in Haemophilus aegyptius after a second exposure to a particular H. influenzae transforming deoxyribonucleic acid was shown to be the result not of multi-step transformation but of the action of a gene functioning as an enhancement modifier. The modifier is very closely linked to a streptomycin resistance gene (which is linked to a novobiocin resistance marker); it affects the natural degree of resistance to both novobiocin and kanamycin to a measurable degree. Evidence of a repressor of the enhancement modifier is reported.
Response of endothelial cells to combined fluid shear stress and cyclic strain

The reorientation responses of endothelial cells to cyclic strain and shear stress are very different-they align parallel to the fluid shear and perpendicular to the strain direction. In straight vessels these stimuli reinforce each other to cause axial alignment. Under other conditions, one or the other stimulus may become dominant. There are, however, few detailed studies of cellular responses to multiple stimuli. Therefore, we investigated the combined effects of applying these stimuli at "equipotent" levels in reinforcing and counteracting fashion. Pure uniaxial cyclic strain of 2% at 0.5 Hz, steady fluid shear stress at 80 dyne/cm/sup 2/ and pulsatile fluid shear stress at 20 /spl plusmn/ 10 dyne/cm/sup 2/ at 0.5 Hz produced the same time course of cell reorientation and were thus deemed equipotent. When steady shear or pulsatile shear were applied in a reinforcing manner with cyclic strain, the response appeared to be synergistic. When applied in a counteracting fashion, however, the response was not significantly different from that in static controls. These results suggest that the magnitude and direction of cyclic strain and fluid shear are important determinants, both individually and collectively, of endothelial cell response.
The role of argon metastables in operation and uniformity of planar RF inductively coupled discharges

Summary form only given, as follows. Measurements of argon metastable line densities along a radial chord in a cylindrical (20 cm D by 14 cm long) ICP discharge are made with a newly constructed broadband xenon arc lamp optical absorption spectroscopic diagnostic. The application of this absorption system is not restricted to argon; the lamp has a continuous spectrum from the ultraviolet to the near infrared. Concentrations of the 1S/sub 3/ and 1S/sub 5/ argon metastable states will be determined, by measuring absorption lines at 795 and 811 nm, respectively. The planar spiral induction antenna is driven at 13.56 MHz. Trends in metastable concentration, as well as Langmuir probe measurements of electron density, with pressure (5-200 mTorr) and power (100-750 watts) are presented and are compared with predictions from the fluid model. Predicted trends in the percent of ionization from metastables and excited levels with pressure and power are also presented. The influence of, metastables on the electron density is examined by comparing fluid code results for electron density with and without the contribution of two-step ionization from metastables.
Magnetic dipole localization with a gradiometer: obtaining unique solutions

The five independent equations describing the field gradient tensor at a point for a static magnetic dipole source can be inverted to give the bearing vector to the source and the source moment vector divided by the fourth power of the range. The equations have four solutions, two of which are related in a non-trivial way, and two more that are obtained by reflections through the field point. The symmetry of the four solutions in the principal-axis frame of the gradient tensor can be used to express the solutions directly in terms of one another in an arbitrary frame without executing the inversion. This relationship has been exploited to construct explicit proofs that a unique solution for magnetic moment vector and relative position between source and field point can be obtained if either the magnetic field vector, or the rate of change of the gradient tensor and the relative motion of source and field point is known.
Overshadowing of subsequent events and recovery thereafter.

Four experiments using a conditioned lick suppression preparation with rats were conducted to examine whether overshadowing of subsequent events could be obtained in Pavlovian backward conditioning (i.e. unconditioned stimulus [US] before conditioned stimulus [CS]), and to determine whether such overshadowing could be reversed without further training with the overshadowed CS, as has been reported in overshadowing of antecedent events. In Experiment 1, a backward-conditioned CS overshadowed a second backward-conditioned CS. Two posttraining manipulations, extinction of the overshadowing CS (Experiment 2) and shifting of the temporal relationship of the overshadowing CS to the US (Experiment 3), increased responding to the overshadowed CS. These results constitute the first unambiguous demonstration of stimulus competition between subsequent events using first-order conditioning, and they show that, like overshadowing with forward conditioning, such overshadowing is due, at least in part if not completely,...
Hypertonic saline: First-line therapy for cerebral edema?

This article highlights the experimental and clinical data, controversies and postulated mechanisms surrounding osmotherapy with hypertonic saline (HS) solutions in the neurocritical care arena and builds on previous reviews on the subject. Special attention is focused on HS therapy on commonly encountered clinical paradigms of acute brain injury including traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-operative "retraction edema", intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), tumor-associated cerebral edema, and ischemia associated with ischemic stroke.
Interventional pulmonology approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of early stage non small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer management is complex and requires a multi-disciplinary approach to provide comprehensive care. Interventional pulmonology (IP) is an evolving field that utilizes minimally invasive modalities for the initial diagnosis and staging of suspected lung cancers. Endobronchial ultrasound guided sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes for staging and detection of driver mutations is instrumental for prognosis and treatment of early and later stage lung cancers. Advances in navigational bronchoscopy allow for histological sampling of suspicious peripheral lesions with minimal complication rates, as well as assisting with fiducial marker placements for stereotactic radiation therapy. Furthermore, IP can also offer palliation for inoperable cancers and those with late stage diseases. As the trend towards early lung cancer detection with low dose computed tomography is developing, it is paramount for the pulmonary physician with expertise in lung nodule management, minimally invasive sampling and staging to integrate into the paradigm of multi-specialty care.
Modeling of nonlinear active regions with the FDTD method

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is extended to include nonlinear active regions embedded in distributed circuits. The procedures necessary to produce a stable algorithm are described, and a single device cavity oscillator is simulated with this method. >
Pseudo-familon dark matter

Abstract Motivated by a model of pseudo-Majoron dark matter, we show how the breaking of a global symmetry that acts nontrivially in lepton generation space can lead to a viable pseudo-familon dark matter candidate. Unlike the pseudo-Majoron, the pseudo-familon in our model decays primarily to charged leptons and can account for the excess observed in the cosmic ray electron and positron spectra.
Source code files as structured documents

A means to add explicit structure to program source code is presented. XML is used to augment source code with syntactic information from the parse tree. More importantly, comments and formatting are preserved and identified for future use by development environments and program comprehension tools. The focus is to construct a document representation in XML instead of a more traditional data representation of the source code. This type of representation supports a programmer centric view of the source rather than a compiler centric view. Our representation is made relevant with respect to other research on XML representations of parse trees and program code. The highlights of the representation are presented and the use of queries and transformations discussed.
Valuing the Advanced Learner: Differentiating Up

Abstract In today's educational climate, differentiated instruction is a common practice for students who need remediation; what is less common is to Differentiate Instruction for the advanced learner. Contrary to popular perceptions, advanced learners do not automatically differentiate instruction on their own. Students who have the potential to excel within the curriculum are sometimes ignored due to a variety of classroom challenges. Asking students about their interests and questioning their perceptions are places to begin differentiating for advanced learners. All children, including advanced learners, should have the opportunity to be challenged and to excel in their classroom curriculum.
Effects of GABA agonists and antagonists on acth release

Abstract The administration of GABA and GABA analogs affects hypothalamic function and ACTH release. Baclofen reduces ACTH release elicited by basolateral amygdaloid and vestibular stimulation, but did not affect basal secretion rates or ACTH release evoked by auditory stimulation. Picrotoxin and bicuculline promoted ACTH release. Baclofen, GABA, and muscimol increased and bicuculline decreased neuronal activity in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Baclofen elicited a depolarizing and bicuculline a hyperpolarizing shift in the DC-potential of the ventromedial hypothalamus. These data are interpreted to indicate the presence of presynaptic inhibitory axo-axonic GABA synapses on some of the neurons regulating CRF neurosecretory cells, but do not support the concept of an inhibitory GABA receptor on the CRF cell membrane.
5-HT2 receptor antagonists given in the acute withdrawal from daily cocaine injections can reverse established sensitization.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given two separate sensitizing regimens of cocaine (7 days on, 7 days off, 7 days on at 40 mg/kg/day, s.c.) or saline injections. Half of the animals also received a drug with 5-hydroxytryptamine-2 (5-HT2) receptor antagonist properties (clozapine, 3 mg/kg; mianserin 6 mg/kg; ketanserin 1 mg/kg, all s.c.) or saline during the second cocaine dosing regimen in the acute withdrawal period, 3.5 h after each cocaine injection. On day 10 of withdrawal animals were challenged with cocaine (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and assessed by a behavioral rating scale and locomotor activity monitoring. The 5-HT2 receptor antagonists, but not saline, reversed behavioral sensitization and had little effect on behavior in the control animals. 5-HT2 receptor antagonists, therefore, may be a useful treatment for cocaine addicts that have undergone previous sensitization periods. The pharmacological profile of these antagonists suggests that the 5-HT2A receptor subtype may mediate this effect.
Component analysis-based unsupervised linear spectral mixture analysis for hyperspectral imagery

One of the most challenging issues in unsupervised linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) is how to obtain unknown knowledge of target signatures referred to as virtual endmembers (VEs) directly from the data to be processed. This issue has never arisen in supervised LSMA where the VEs are either assumed to be known a priori or can be provided by visual inspection. With the recent advent of hyperspectral sensor technology many unknown and subtle signal sources can be uncovered and revealed without prior knowledge. This paper addresses this issue and develops a component analysis-based unsupervised LSMA where the desired VEs can be extracted by component analysis-based transforms directly from the data to be processed without appealing for prior knowledge. In order to substantiate the utility of the proposed approach extensive experiments are conducted for demonstration.
Home-Range Attributes and Spatial Structure of Woodchuck Populations

Movements and patterns of burrow use by woodchucks ( Marmota monax ) in two Connecticut orchards were determined from 734 captures of 273 individuals and 1,213 radio locations of 46 individuals. All data were collected after the breeding season. Adults occupying home ranges used an average of eight burrow systems; males occupied home ranges 1.8 times larger than females. Burrow systems were located disproportionately often along woodland edges and brushy fence rows, and use of these areas was two-three times greater than expected based on their availability. Populations were loosely structured spatially. Territoriality may occur at occupied burrows. Although rare, simultaneous use of a burrow usually involved an adult male and a reproductive female. Overlap of home ranges of reproductive females and males was relatively large (36%). Although woodchucks are less social than other marmots, data from this and other recent studies lead me to suggest that a limited amount of social cohesion or tolerance may extend beyond the periods of breeding and weaning. I hypothesize that the prevailing social structure of woodchucks may partly reflect phenotypic responses to a diffuse distribution of resources engendered by the agricultural activities of humans.
Assessment of delayed FDG-PET/CT for optimized visualization of atherosclerotic plaque: A new observation

1854 Objectives The main objective of this study was to determine whether PET/CT imaging at later time points following administration of FDG allows for optimal visualization of atherosclerotic plaque in the major arteries. Methods Twenty-one subjects who underwent FDG-PET/CT imaging for preoperative staging assessment of cancer were enrolled. Following administration of FDG, whole body PET/CT images were acquired at 1, 2, and 3 hours. An experienced physician blindly reviewed each study and qualitatively assessed the degree of FDG uptake in the aortic wall using the following rating system: 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe. Results Based on this visual analysis, there was significant correlation between visual detection of atherosclerotic plaque and the time interval between FDG administration and PET image acquisition . Except for 1 subject where no gross change was noted among the three time points, all other subjects showed statistically significantly improved visualization of aortic atherosclerosis on delayed time point images (Friedman= 16.22; Kendall’s coefficient=0.9012; P-value=0.0003). Conclusions These data demonstrate that standard PET/CT acquisition at 60-90 minutes after FDG administration is suboptimal for assessment of atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, we believe that delayed imaging should be adopted as the procedure of choice when FDG-PET/CT is employed for detection and quantification of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and other major arteries
The effect of zinc and other metals on the stability of lysosomes.

SummaryThe effects of zinc, certain other metals (Cu, Hg, Pb, Cd, Ni and Au), 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ), and various stoichiometric complexes of Zn:8-HQ on the release of β-glucuronidase from lysosomes isolated from rat liver were tested. Zinc and Zn:8-HQ (1:1 and 1:2 complexes) markedly stabilized lysosomes in a concentration-related fashion. The saturated 1:3 complex and 8-HQ alone showed a labilizing effect, while the nonchelating substitute of 8-HQ (8-methoxyquinoline) did not affect lysosomal stability. Cd and Pb also stabilized lysosomes, although they were both less effective than zinc.The distribution of zinc between the membrane and the interior of isolated liver lysosomes is 2:1. After treatment with zinc, the distribution is unchanged but the total content of zinc increased 10-fold. In samples treated with unsaturated complexes of Zn:8-HQ (1:1 or 1:2) the total amount of zinc present is the same as in zinc-treated particles, but the metal is bound exclusively to the membrane fraction.The effect...
Investigation of multiphysics in tubular microbial fuel cells by coupled computational fluid dynamics with multi-order Butler–Volmer reactions

Abstract Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are considered as an emerging concept for sustainable wastewater treatment with energy recovery. The anode of an MFC plays a key role in conversion of organic compounds to electricity, and thus understanding the multiphysics within the anodic compartment will be helpful with MFC optimization and scaling-up. In this study, a multi-order Butler–Volmer reaction model was proposed to compute organic consumption and energy recovery. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied to analyze the hydrodynamics and species transport inside the anodic compartment. By comparing to the experimental data, the reaction order of anodic surface reaction was determined as 6.4. The reaction model gave good agreement with experimental data when the influent sodium acetate was 1.0, 0.5 and 0.3 g L−1 at anodic hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 h, indicating the effectiveness of this multi-order Butler–Volmer reaction model. When the influent sodium acetate was 0.2 g L−1 or the anodic HRT was 15 h, the model exhibited discrepancies in predicting current generation and effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration, likely due to the interference of the decayed biomass and the activities of non-electroactive bacteria. The results of this study have demonstrated the viability of coupling CFD with a multi-order reaction model to understand the key operating factors of an MFC.
Enantiocontrol with a Hydrogen-bond Directing Pyrrolidinylsilanol Catalyst

A new bifunctional catalyst containing a silanol group has been designed and synthesized with high enantioselectivity in three steps. The hydrogen-bonding properties of this pyrrolidinylsilanol have been investigated using NMR binding studies and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis. The ability of the silanol group to activate an electrophile and afford enantiocontrol through hydrogen-bond directing effects has been demonstrated using an enantioselective aldol reaction with isatin and acetaldehyde, affording up to 88% ee.
A Study on the Hydrolysis Kinetics of C.I. Reactive Red 24 with HPLC

Hydrolysis kinetics of C.I. reactive red 24 was studied with reverse phase HPLC. The hydrolysis was one class reaction: -d[A]/dt=k[A] when OH was excessive in solution of dyes. Ln(A_0/A) was linear relative to reaction time t at pH=13; the constant of hydrolysis rate (K, 0.0599) at 90℃ was about four times higher than that at 70℃(K=0.0101); K(5.99 × 10~(-2)) at pH=13 was about 1.5 times higher than K(4.8 × 10~(-3)) at pH=8.5. when pH value increased by 1, the rate of hydrolysis was improved by 1.5 times
Expanding medication options for pediatric ADHD.

Molly is a nine-year-old girl who was diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by her pediatrician and prescribed a long-acting methylphenidate formulation at a typical dose (1 mg/kg). She has tolerated long-acting methylphenidate without side effects and has had significant improvement in her academic performance and school on-task behavior. She takes methylphenidate before school at 7:00 AM and it usually wears off around 3:30 PM. Molly and her parents are pleased with her response to methylphenidate, but report that she has a lot of difficulty getting ready for school each morning due to distractibility. In the evenings she has trouble staying seated to do homework and frequently interrupts and argues with family members, but has not been able to tolerate afternoon dosing of immediate release methylphenidate due to insomnia. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most common childhood neurobehavioral condition, is characterized by difficulties with sustaining attention, impulse control, and modulating activity level. The pathophysiology of ADHD is thought to involve dysregulation of brain dopamine and norepinephrine systems, which is consistent with the mechanisms of action for ADHD medications.1 Management of ADHD includes both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic (behavioral and psychoeducational) interventions.2, 3 In the past ten years, there has been a remarkable expansion in knowledge about ADHD pharmacotherapy. This article provides an overview of the efficacy, side effects, and dosing for the three ADHD medication classes currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - the psychostimulants, atomoxetine, and the alpha adrenergic agonists, including guidance on choosing between as well as combining these medication classes. Special considerations, such as medication effects on tics, cardiovascular considerations, and substance abuse liability are also discussed.
PERSISTING GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER AND PHYSICAL HEALTH SYMPTOMS 18 MONTHS AFTER THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL: A COMMUNITY SAMPLE

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a subtype of anxiety that often presents in primary care settings and is typically associated with a myriad of somatic complaints. Few studies have investigated the connection between this disorder and physical health symptoms after disasters such as oil spills. This study aims to analyze the relationship between GAD symptomology and physical health symptoms at different levels of exposure 18 months after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. A community sample was surveyed about their contact with the oil spill, GAD symptoms, and physical health symptoms. Levels of GAD symptomology continued to be elevated above typical prevalence rates in the community at time of assessment. Individuals with direct contact to the oil reported significantly greater levels of GAD and more physical health symptoms than those without direct contact. These significant relationships have important implications in faster identification and treatment of disaster-related mental and physical health problems.
Activity-dependent proteolytic cleavage of cell adhesion molecules regulates excitatory synaptic development and function

Activity-dependent remodeling of neuronal connections is critical to nervous system development and function. These processes rely on the ability of synapses to detect neuronal activity and translate it into the appropriate molecular signals. One way to convert neuronal activity into downstream signaling is the proteolytic cleavage of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Here we review studies demonstrating the mechanisms by which proteolytic processing of CAMs direct the structural and functional remodeling of excitatory glutamatergic synapses during development and plasticity. Specifically, we examine how extracellular proteolytic cleavage of CAMs switches on or off molecular signals to 1) permit, drive, or restrict synaptic maturation during development and 2) strengthen or weaken synapses during adult plasticity. We will also examine emerging studies linking improper activity-dependent proteolytic processing of CAMs to neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, brain tumors, and Alzheimer's disease. Together these findings suggest that the regulation of activity-dependent proteolytic cleavage of CAMs is vital to proper brain development and lifelong function.
Chondrogenic Progenitors for Cartilage Repair and Osteoarthritis Treatment

Copyright: © 2012 Dealy CN. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The challenge of injury to the articular cartilage of the joints is the inability of the tissue to effectively self-regenerate. Accordingly, most clinical cartilage repair strategies have focused on use of exogenous cells and/or materials to fill in localized acute defects. Problems still to be overcome using these approaches include attaining seamless integration of repair and host tissue, as well as faithful reproduction of true hyaline cartilage, without which permanent and durable repair is not achieved. A critical consideration in cartilage repair is the nature of the cells expected to do the job. Alternatives to the clinical paradigm of exogenous adult chondrocytes as repair cells need to be developed in order to achieve fully functional articular cartilage repair. Moreover, strategies must be devised to treat the widespread and chronic damage found in osteoarthritis, in which surgical intervention to achieve focal repair is not feasible.
The Collaboration of Neutrals: Vatican-American Diplomacy, 1939-1941

As events in Europe continued to devolve after the Munich Pact of 1938, two influential, neutral states were becoming increasingly vocal in putting to an end the continent's downward spiral. The Vatican in Rome, led first by fiery Pope Pius XI before the succession of Pope Pius XII in March 1939, recognized a war would be catastrophic for Christianity in Europe, not to mention its fears of the tremendous loss of life which would be inflicted upon Europeans of all faiths. Across the Atlantic Ocean, President Franklin Roosevelt, hamstrung by isolationist policies imposed by Congress after involvement in the First World War, understood the necessity of making his voice heard in the name of peace before it was too late. The Vatican and the United States indirectly worked with each other throughout 1939 before officially joining forces in early 1940.
Examining the Reach of Color Blindness: Ideological Flexibility, Frame Alignment, and Legitimacy among Racially Conservative and Extremist Organizations

To what extent do right-wing groups demonstrate internal alignment in their use of racial ideologies? Under what conditions with respect to internal alignment do mainstream media legitimize these g...
The Negative and Positive Influences of Threat and Nonthreat Media Messages About Immigrants

We examined (a) the effect of threat messages (media messages suggesting that an outgroup is threatening to an ingroup) versus nonthreat messages (messages refuting the outgroup’s threat) on intergroup bias, (b) the mechanisms underlying that effect, and (c) whether nonthreat messages would result in smaller effects of negative stereotypes on intergroup bias, compared with threat messages. We found that exposure to a threat message about immigrants (compared with a nonthreat message) resulted in more support for punitive immigration policies. This occurred via two sequential mediators: feelings of anger and contempt toward the outgroup, and outgroup derogation. The effect of negative stereotypes on intergroup bias was smaller in the nonthreat message condition than the threat message condition. We discuss implications for the effects of minority news portrayals.
Ethics and the Party Brand: The Case of the Office of Congressional Ethics

ABSTRACTDating back to its creation in 2008, the independent Office of Congressional Ethics (OCE) has faced criticism from the very members of Congress it is tasked with investigating. Despite this criticism, a majority of House members both voted to create OCE in 2008 and have ultimately backed away from any efforts to rein in the office. Why? Through an examination of both the passage of OCE in 2008 and subsequent efforts to rein in its power, this article argues that partisan considerations and pressure from party leaders played a critical role in OCE's creation and survival. The creation of the independent commission in the House thus demonstrates the power of the party valence brand in the contemporary Congress.
The Effect of Malnutrition on the Risk of Unplanned 7-Day Readmission in Pediatrics

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is known to be associated with higher morbidity and a risk factor of readmissions in the adult population. In this study, we explore the effect of malnutrition in pediatrics because it may differ from the adult population. METHODS: Data for all inpatient encounters at a tertiary children’s hospital within a 2-year period corresponding to 19 702 visits were obtained. The data included demographics, socioeconomic status, registered dietitian diagnosis of malnutrition, and variables of the LACE readmission model. We excluded all neonates and patients older than 21 years. A multivariable logistic model was obtained by implementing best subset regression on these variables, controlling for demographics and socioeconomic status, and considering all possible 2-way statistical interactions between malnutrition and the variables for demographics and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: We discovered a statistical interaction effect between a patient’s age and malnutrition status ( P value = .002) with respect to odds of unplanned 7-day readmission. It is indicated in this interaction term that patients who were malnourished had higher odds of readmission than patients who were not malnourished. Furthermore, younger patients who were malnourished were at increased odds of readmission than their older peers, whereas among patients who were not malnourished, younger patients were at reduced odds of readmission. CONCLUSIONS: The statistical interaction effect revealed that a patient’s risk of readmission is jointly modified by the patient’s age and malnutrition status. This finding advances our understanding of the complex picture of the simultaneous risk factor of unplanned 7-day readmissions in pediatrics.
SOOT PARTICULATE FORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION IN COMBUSTION

The subject of soot formation in combustion is being extensively studied to decipher the relevant mechanisms. Despite considerable progress made in understanding some to the features of soot formation, we still do not have sufficient details of the formation mechanisms to be able to calculate soot in the flame of a given hydrocarbon fuel from first principles. This paper first gives and overview of the soot particulate formation in combustion and its contribution to ambient particulate matter. The experimental burner types that are commonly used for soot research are then reviewed and basic features of the most commonly used laminar diffusion burners are summarized. Soot particulate formation and emissions in diesel and gasoline engines, and their relative contributions to ambient particulate matter, are discussed. Methods based on physical sampling and non-intrusive laxer-based soot diagnostic techniques are briefly reviewed and their capabilities and limitations are discussed.
Suicide with Vecuronium and Etomidate: A Case Report and Review of the Literature:

A case of suicidal death due to intravenous self-administration of vecuronium and etomidate by a registered nurse is being reported. Toxicologic blood analysis showed a vecuronium concentration of ...
INTERPERSONAL AND SYSTEMIC THEORIES OF PERSONALITY

The spectrum of theories of personality represents a range of accounts and explanations of the phenomena constituting personality development, processes, and functioning. Even more fundamentally, however, each personality theory differs in its conception of what personality is. Certain theoretical viewpoints even question or dispute whether personality, in the sense of a force that controls and directs intentions and actions, exists. Perhaps the best known instance of such a perspective is that of B. F. Skinner (1957), B. F. Skinner (1971)) who argued that behavior is controlled not by the person or personality, but by the environmental consequences of the person’s behavior.
Myasthenia Gravis and the Tops and Bottoms of AChRs Antigenic Structure of the MIR and Specific Immunosuppression of EAMG Using AChR Cytoplasmic Domains

The main immunogenic region (MIR), against which half or more of the autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in myasthenia gravis (MG) or experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) are directed, is located at the extracellular end of α1 subunits. Rat monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the MIR efficiently compete with MG patient autoantibodies for binding to human muscle AChRs. Antibodies bound to the MIR do not interfere with cholinergic ligand binding or AChR function, but target complement and trigger antigenic modulation. Rat mAbs to the MIR also bind to human ganglionic AChR α3 subunits, but MG patient antibodies do not. By making chimeras of α1 subunits with α7 subunits or ACh binding protein, the structure of the MIR and its functional effects are being investigated. Many mAbs to the MIR bind only to the native conformation of α1 subunits because they bind to sequences that are adjacent only in the native structure. The MIR epitopes recognized by these mAbs are not recognized by most patient antibodies whose epitopes must be nearby. The presence of the MIR epitopes in α1/α7 chimeras greatly promotes AChR expression and sensitivity to activation. EAMG can be suppressed by treatment with denatured, bacterially expressed mixtures of extracellular and cytoplasmic domains of human α1, β1, γ, δ, and e subunits. A mixture of only the cytoplasmic domains not only avoids the potential liability of provoking formation antibodies to pathologically significant epitopes on the extracellular surface, but also potently suppresses the development of EAMG.
On Fourier Multipliers Over Tube Domains

We provide L p →L q estimates for a class of Fourier multipliers supported in convex cones of { R } n+1. In particular, we consider cones whose boundary has n−1 nonvanishing principal curvatures and cones which are the convex envelope of N linearly independent half lines passing through the origin of { R } n+1. In some case our estimates are best possible.
Whatever Gets You Through the Night: Poetry and Combat Trauma

Reading poetry in community is an evidence-based method by which to mitigate combat trauma. As such a powerful means of pain reduction, poetry discussion groups should be made available throughout the United States and around the globe. Education about the power of poetry should begin early, and university curricula should provide frequent exposure to poetry and its medicinal values. In the Talking Service reading group for military veterans that I facilitate in northeastern Georgia, the humanities are very much alive and powerful. The poems in our Standing Down: From Warrior to Civilian anthology such as Margaret Atwood’s “It Is Dangerous to Read Newspapers” and Brian Turner’s “Perimeter Watch” spur discussion about the grave responsibility inherent in educating oneself about global affairs and the aftermath of long and brutal wars.
Properties of the bare shifted eigenenergy determined as a function of k vector – 2D hexagonal metarials

Abstract With the advent of the metal–insulator transition (MIT) as a tool for adjusting the properties of lower dimensions materials, with nanoscale dimensions in one or more of the coordinate directions, it is worthwhile to derive analytical formulas for the electronic energy in k-space, for a generic two-dimensional hexagonal lattice as a prelude for their use in nanoscopic transport devices (using the MIT) or other solid state devices. This is done in the tight binding (TB) approximation, since it allows a tractable analytical development, with some refinements possible. This lattice structure is applicable to many 2D materials like graphene, BN, MoS2, and many others. This chapter treats eigenenergy found as an explicit function of k vector (Section 6.1 ), examines the bands of graphene (Section 6.2 ), determines the Dirac reciprocal space k points (Section 6.3 ), and looks at the symmetry property of the eigenenergy (Section 6.4 ).
Topological susceptibility with the improved Asqtad action

As a test of the chiral properties of the improved Asqtad (staggered fermion) action, we have been measuring the topological susceptibility as a function of quark masses for 2 + 1 dynamical flavors. We report preliminary results, which show reasonable agreement with leading order chiral perturbation theory for lattice spacing less than 0.1 fm. The total topological charge, however, shows strong persistence over Monte Carlo time.
Why do we eat cereal but not lamb chops at breakfast? Investigating Americans’ beliefs about breakfast foods

Abstract Healthy breakfast consumption has a multitude of positive benefits. However, typical American breakfasts are notoriously unhealthy. We hypothesize that the resistance to include nutritious foods at breakfast is due in part to misconceptions about what “breakfast” should be. Consistent with this proposal, results from three studies (N = 1097) suggest that American adults perceive typical breakfast foods as particularly well suited for breakfast and believe that more nutritious alternatives consumed at lunch or dinner are less appropriate for breakfast. As a result, people are unwilling to add more nutritious alternatives to their breakfast repertoire. To counter this rigidity, we devised an intervention passage emphasizing that (1) many foods became breakfast staples because of intensive marketing campaigns, and that (2) people in other cultures readily include lunch or dinner foods on their breakfast plate. This approach effectively revised people's beliefs about breakfast foods, and improved their motivation to adopt a healthier breakfast diet. Our findings demonstrate the power of a conceptually rich framework in undermining mistaken beliefs and boosting healthy eating behaviors.
The Value of Advisory Boards to Enhance Collaboration and Advance Science

The Washington University in St. Louis (WU) Center for Transdisciplinary Research in Energetics in Cancer (TREC) initially set up use of an Internal Advisory Board and External Advisory Board to provide feedback to the team through the research process. We describe how using the two boards helped to foster increased connections and collaboration between investigators from different disciplines and between the four projects, allowing the center to move from basic science to evaluation of policies within communities. We describe how the two boards began to work together to help WU TREC team members to see ways of better collaborating so that the four projects formed a coherent whole that extended from basic laboratory science to clinical and workplace policy applications. We believe that advisory boards were invaluable in enhancing our transdisciplinary work and increasing the impact of WU TREC science.
The association of anxiety and depression with perioperative and oncologic outcomes among patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy.

Abstract Objectives Anxiety and depression have been associated with inferior overall survival for several malignancies, including metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, there is minimal data evaluating this association for localized RCC. We evaluated the association of anxiety or depression with survival in patients with surgically treated localized clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Patients and methods We reviewed our institutional nephrectomy registry of 1,990 adults who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for unilateral, sporadic, nonmetastatic ccRCC between 1995 and 2011. Baseline anxiety and depression were identified using ICD-9 codes. Associations of anxiety or depression with 30-day complications and oncologic outcomes were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models as well as adjustment for propensity score (PS) quintile and re-weighting by stabilized inverse probability weights. Results A total of 197 (10%) patients were identified with a diagnosis of anxiety or depression. Median follow-up among survivors was 10.0 (IQR 7.3–13.6) years, during which time 864 patients died, including 363 from RCC. After PS adjustment, clinical and pathologic features were well balanced between groups. Patients with anxiety or depression had increased overall 30-day complications compared to those without (17% vs. 11%, P = 0.011). No significant differences were noted in time to local ipsilateral recurrence (P = 0.54), distant metastases (P = 0.96), or death from RCC (P = 0.42) between patients with vs. without anxiety or depression, while patients with anxiety or depression trended toward worse overall survival (hazard ratio 1.29, 95%CI 0.98–1.69, P = 0.065). Conclusions Neither anxiety nor depression were significantly associated with oncologic outcomes among patients who underwent surgery for localized ccRCC. The trend toward worse overall survival among patients with anxiety or depression warrants further investigation.
A call to act: RN volunteers needed in their communities.

OBJECTIVE Recognizing registered nurses (RNs) as valued, trusted professionals to lead and advocate for healthier communities (Pittman, 2019), the New Jersey Action Coalition (NJAC) developed a model designed to match RN volunteers to community projects. DESIGN Using a descriptive study design, researchers examined the numbers of RN volunteers and projects across 21 counties in NJ from 2016 to 2018. SAMPLE The sample consisted of the numbers of volunteers and projects from every county retrieved from the NJAC's website. MEASUREMENTS In addition to the NJAC data, researchers examined the percentage of RNs living in each county as well as data from County Health Rankings & Roadmaps© (University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, 2019). The counties were divided into three groups: high, moderate, and low overall health counties. RESULTS After 2 years of implementing the NJAC model, the data revealed that, at minimum, there was one RN coach per county in the high overall health counties group. In the lower overall health counties group, there were fewer community projects, less RN coaches, and volunteers. CONCLUSION Engaging RN volunteers requires raising awareness of the needs of the community and the ways in which a RN can take action to promote public health and health equity.
Therapeutic Germline Editing: Sense and Sensibility

Safe and effective heritable editing of the human genome is years away from the clinic because of formidable technical, statutory, regulatory, and societal challenges. In particular, we note the fledgling state of the science, the imperatives of editing efficiency, specificity, and uniformity, and the extant legal roadblock.
Mapping the Historical Transformation of Beijing’s Regional Naming System

With the introduction of humanist and Marxist philosophies, we have witnessed a trend moving from empirical examination to theoretical discussions in historical geography. In comparison with the great developments of these theoretical perspectives, the research methods regarding how to collect and analyze data to support theories have still remained grounded in traditional notions. With the rise of historical GIS, research methods have rapidly developed from the textural to the visual, from case studies to spatial analysis on maps, and from methods separated into quantitative and qualitative to integrated methods. Although historical GIS is being used to provide new insights into geographical change over time, the changing of place names has received relatively little attention. To study changing regional names throughout Beijing’s history, I provide a new systematic classification of place names. Place names can be classified into three intertwined parts: objects and numbers (scientific/practical ways of naming), histories and emotions (humanistic ways of naming), and politics and ideologies (social constructionist ways of naming). Through spatial analysis of these groups of names, we can see that the ways of naming the regions in Beijing has been transformed from the humanistic and practical ways during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), to the social constructionist ways during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912), and then to the scientific ways during the Republic of China (1912–1949).
4 – Classifier Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the computational properties of classifier systems and presents examples of how classifier systems can be programmed. It discusses the computational completeness of classifier systems, various assumptions of parallelism, and the theme of flexibility. Flexibility in this context means the ability to compute both in parallel and sequentially under different conditions. The distinction between parallel and sequential behavior in classifier systems is difficult to draw because classifier systems exhibit many different kinds of parallelism. The flexibility of classifier systems makes them an ideal formalism for studying the inherent computational tradeoffs among the number of processors, the length of computation, and the degree of inter-processor communication. The chapter also presents detailed descriptions of general-purpose classifier system algorithms that were developed for the KL-ONE implementation. One of the purposes of this research was to investigate the computational power and efficiency of the classifier system. Thus, some common computations were chosen and implemented in classifier systems. By studying their complexity and the nature of their implementations, one can learn a great deal about how classifier systems are organized.
26 – Plastics Joining

Joining of plastics is a critical manufacturing step where plastic components are attached to each other or to components made of other materials. Methods for joining plastics can be divided into three categories: mechanical joining, adhesive bonding, and welding. Mechanical joining may involves the use of fasteners, such as screws or it may utilize integrated elements, such as snap-fit or press-fit joints. In adhesive bonding, an adhesive is placed between the parts (adherends) where it serves as the material that bonds the parts and transmits the load through the joint. In welding or fusion bonding, heat is used to melt or soften the polymer at the interface to enable polymer intermolecular diffusion and chain entanglements across the interface to give the joint strength upon cooling and resolidification of the melt. Methods for mechanical joining, adhesive bonding and welding of plastics are described.