cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Airborne polarimetric Doppler weather radar: trade-offs between various engineering specifications

Abstract. NCAR EOL is investigating potential configurations for the next-generation airborne phased array radar (APAR) that is capable of retrieving dynamic and microphysical characteristics of clouds and precipitation. The APAR will operate at C band. The APAR will use the electronic scanning (e-scan) feature to acquire the optimal number of independent samples for recording research-quality measurements. Since the airborne radar has only a limited time for collecting measurements over a specified region (moving aircraft platform ∼ 100 m s −1 ), beam multiplexing will significantly enhance its ability to collect high-resolution, research-quality measurements. Beam multiplexing reduces errors in radar measurements while providing rapid updates of scan volumes. Beamwidth depends on the size of the antenna aperture. Beamwidth and directivity of elliptical, circular, and rectangular antenna apertures are compared and radar sensitivity is evaluated for various polarimetric configurations and transmit–receive (T/R) elements. In the case of polarimetric measurements, alternate transmit with alternate receive (single-channel receiver) and simultaneous reception (dual-channel receiver) is compared. From an overall architecture perspective, element-level digitization of T/R module versus digital sub-array is considered with regard to flexibility in adaptive beamforming, polarimetric performance, calibration, and data quality. Methodologies for calibration of the radar and removing bias in polarimetric measurements are outlined. The above-mentioned engineering options are evaluated for realizing an optimal APAR system suitable for measuring the high temporal and spatial resolutions of Doppler and polarimetric measurements of precipitation and clouds.
Indicators of Change in the Recreation Environment. By Betty van der Smissen

(1976). Indicators of Change in the Recreation Environment. By Betty van der Smissen. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 188-190.
Is oculofacial surgery complex … or merely complicated?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is confusion in all of healthcare, including oculofacial surgery, as to what is 'complex' and what is 'merely complicated'. Although in common usage, these terms tend to be interchangeable, the distinction is more than trivial. A different and somewhat unfamiliar toolset is needed to successfully navigate complex problems. This review will explore a methodology for the physician to understand what is complex in oculofacial surgery, the tools needed to optimize performance in a complex healthcare system and successfully manage patients with complex diseases. RECENT FINDINGS A specific understanding of complexity science in oculofacial surgery is only in its nascent beginnings at this point. Nevertheless, recent advances in closely related fields can provide concrete applications. The practice of oculofacial surgery is optimized within a healthcare network of supporting professionals. Moreover, a newer understanding of the 'complex' nature of disease common to oculofacial surgery, such as neoplasia and inflammation, will direct the physician to recognize the most appropriate therapies. SUMMARY Oculofacial surgery, like all of medicine, is a fluid mixture of problems that are complex and those that are merely complicated. As a different toolset is needed to deal with each, physicians need to recognize these differences and acquire those tools.
P044 : C4d NEGATIVE ANTIBODY MEDIATED RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION – NEED FOR MOLECULAR SIGNATURE

Aim To describe C4d negative antibody mediated rejection (AMR) of renal allograft on Banff 2013 classification based histopathological features and circulating donor specific antibodies (DSAs). Method Retrospective review of more than 100 for cause renal allograft biopsies was performed. Four Cases with C4d Negative AMR were further examined for clinical and laboratory parameters associated with graft function and the DSA status at or around the time of biopsies. The HLA antibody assays were done by solid phase assays using Luminex platform. The biopsies were stained by H& E, PAS, Trichrome, and Elastic for general histological evaluations and by immunofluorescence for C4d, CD3, and CD20. Presence of capillaritis, glomerulitis, microvascular injury, and thrombotic microangiopathy with circulating HLA or non-HLA DSAs with negative staining for C4d in the peritubular capillaries (PTC) was considered as C4d negative AMR. Results All 4 cases had circulating DSAs at the time of biopsy. One of these cases had had three transplants, the first performed at the age of 2 lasting for 6 years, second transplant at the age of 7 lasting for about 13 years and the third one done at the age of 20 years with C4d negative AMR noted three years post transplant. In all these cases, capillaritis and/or glomerulitis/thrombotic microangiopathy were present with negative C4d stain in the PTC. All 4 cases now show evidence of interstitial fibrosis with tubular atrophy of varying degrees. Conclusions Renal allograft AMR in the absence of C4 deposition in the PTC has been recognized by the 2013 Banff. Non-complement dependent tissue injuries can result in AMR, and repeated AMR could lead to chronic antibody mediated rejection. Banff 2013 also considers evaluating molecular markers in the biopsy. So it is time to evaluate gene expression or protein array in renal biopsies to develop a molecular signature to define episodes of allograft rejection along with DSA assessment and histopathological examination. The delineation of the molecular changes induced by circulating DSAs, or alloreactive T cells may lead to novel and more effective diagnostic and therapeutical targets to assess immune mediated graft injuries and development of new therapeutic agents to treat chronic rejection.
Recommendations on How to Monitor the Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the Clinic or at the Bedside

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease with each patient having a unique expression of his or her disease. Clinicians will follow patients with SLE in the clinic when the disease is mild to moderate and or well controlled. At times patients with SLE are hospitalized and are monitored much more intensively according to extent of their disease activity. In clinical studies investigators frequently use complex outcome measures to determine disease activity although these are not yet routinely used in all clinics or at the bedside. Patients with SLE need to be assessed regularly for clinical symptoms, physical findings, and laboratory parameters to determine the extent of disease activity, damage from the disease, quality of life, comorbidities, and drug toxicity. Immunosuppressive therapy is frequently used to control the manifestations of SLE, and potential adverse effects of the medications must be monitored for on a regular basis during regular clinical evaluations and laboratory parameters should be performed when monitoring the patient with SLE.
Vom Reengineering zum Wissensmanagement

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) - die Neugestaltung der Geschaftsprozesse unter Nutzung des Potentials der Infonnationstechnik - war in der ersten Halfte der neunziger Jahre das beherrschende Thema der Untemehmensfýhrung. Nun zeichnet sich eine neue Welle ab, die Untemehmen verandern wird: das Management der Ressource Wissen.
Two-minute versus 6-minute walk distances during 6-minute walk test in neuromuscular disease: Is the 2-minute walk test an effective alternative to a 6-minute walk test?

Abstract Functional tests such as Motor Function Measure-32 (MFM-32), supine to stand, ascend/descend stairs permit the assessment of task-specific motor function in neuromuscular disease (NMD). The 6-min walk test (6MWT), though functional, is primarily used to assess endurance and disease progression in children with neuromuscular disorders. Barriers to 6MWT administration, in this population, can include reduced attention span due to age and inability to tolerate test length due to weakness. We propose task-specific functional deficits are related to endurance. Additionally, the 2-min walk test (2MWT) could effectively replace the 6MWT in this population. Seventy-seven participants, ages 5–18, with a variety of neuromuscular disorders performed the 6MWT, timed functional tests (TFT), and the MFM-32. Correlation and paired t-test analyses were used to compare the distance walked in the first 2 min (2MWD) to the distance walked in the entire 6 min (6MWD) and to the functional outcome measures above. The 2MWD strongly correlated with 6MWD and the other outcome measures. Paired t-test analysis also showed that the 2MWD did not differ from the distance walked in the last 2 min of the 6MWT. Although equivalence testing could not reject the claim that this difference exceeded the upper practical limit of 9.5 m, it only showed a modest overestimation of the 4-6MWD compared with the 2MWD. Together, our results support the ability of the 2MWD to predict the 6MWD, specifically in the pediatric neuromuscular disease population.
Biobehavioral Measures of Presbylaryngeus

Summary Objective The objective of this observational study was to assess the relationship between established aging biobehavioral measures and voice decline in normally aging adults. Study design Cross-sectional study. Methods Participants 60–85 years of age were divided into two age and sex-matched groups, based on the presence or absence of presbylaryngeus. Both groups underwent a battery of tests measuring anthropometric variables, inflammatory markers, general health measures, and vocal function parameters. Differences from the norm were calculated for all variables. Parametric and nonparametric tests were performed to assess group differences. In addition, variable selection analysis was performed to determine variables that were most influential in predicting the occurrence of presbylaryngeus in our current sample. Results Fifty-three participants were divided into age and sex-matched groups of “presbylaryngeus” (n = 26) and “non-presbylaryngeus” (n = 27). The two groups were statistically different in select measures of inflammatory markers, general health measures, and vocal function parameters. Anthropometric measures were not statistically different. Based on variable selection, the variables most predictive of the presence of presbylaryngeus were measures of the Physical Activity Scale of the Elderly, C-reactive protein, laryngeal airway resistance, and vocal roughness. Conclusions In addition to group differences in vocal function measures, results for the presbylaryngeus group consistently trended sub-optimally on anthropometric measures, two inflammatory markers, and general health measures. These results suggest that this sample of individuals with presbylaryngeus demonstrated greater biobehavioral deficits associated with aging as compared to age and sex-matched non-presbylaryngeus individuals.
Oviposition Preference of Rugose Spiraling Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Five Host Plant Species

Rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an invasive species that underwent a period of outbreak in southern Florida (Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, Broward, Martin, and Monroe counties) between 2010 and 2013. It infested numerous plant species in the landscape and nurseries of southern Florida and became a nuisance and economically damaging species in many urban areas. In order to study its oviposition preference, an experiment was conducted in a shadehouse using 5 known host plant species, namely coconut, Cocos nucifera L. (Aurecaceae); gumbo limbo, Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. (Burceraceae); avocado, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae); black olive, Bucida buceras L. (Combretaceae) var. ‘Shady Lady;' and giant white bird of paradise, Strelitzia nicolai Regel & Korn (Strelitziaceae). Gumbo limbo was the most preferred and giant white bird of paradise was the least preferred of the host plant species. This is consistent with survey data on frequency of plants serving on hosts provided by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services-Division of Plant Industry. There was a significant difference between the number of eggs per spiral among host species with gumbo limbo having the highest number of eggs per spiral. No significant correlation was found between the leaf size and the number of eggs on each host species. A strong and significant correlation was found between the number of spirals and the number of eggs per plant species. Adult females deposited the first eggs on source plants, and later oviposited on test host plants, but always returned back to their eclosion site on the source plant. No statistically significant difference was found among the survival of rugose spiraling whitefly on different host plant species tested.
COLONIAL LEGACIES AND POSTCOLONIAL INTERRUPTIONS

Italian AbstractA partire dalla definizione di Iain Chambers del postcoloniale come ilcongiungersi di “differenti spazialita e temporalita in una conformazione critica contemporanea” che “penetra il mondo, sia presente che passato, che ha prodotto, organizzato e vissuto il coloniale in molte maniere differenti” (Postcolonial Interruptions, Unauthorized Modernities, 2017: 18-19, traduzioni nostre), questo intervento fornisce un’ampia panoramica delle condizioni storiche e materiali dei contesti coloniali e postcoloniali italiani dal diciannovesimo secolo fino ad oggi, al fine di illustrare come varie forme di colonialismo e postcolonialismo persistano, si intersechino e articolino con le migrazioni del passato e quelle del presente. Si utilizzano qui una selezione di testi chiave, sia accademici che creativi, per illustrare ulteriomente le specificita e le particolarita dei retaggi coloniali e postcoloniali in Italia. Il saggio conclude riconoscendo la nascita e l’istituzionalizzazione dei Postcolonial Italian Studies a partire dagli anni Novanta e fornisce alcuni esempi della rimappatura della cultura italiana in atto, tanto nei testi creativi quanto nella produzione accademica, all’intersezione di spazi e dimensioni locali, nazionali, e transnazionali.Keywords: Unification, Internal colonialism and emigrant postcoloniality, External Colonialism and emigrant coloniality in Liberal and Fascist Italy, Postcolonial Italian Studies
More Severe Deficits in Performance Status at Time of Liver Transplant is Associated With Significantly Higher Risk of Death Following Liver Transplantation.

GOAL To evaluate the impact of Karnofsky Performance Status score (KPSS) at the time of liver transplantation (LT) on post-LT survival. BACKGROUND While the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score is used to prioritize individuals for LT, it does not specifically incorporate functional status into patient assessment for LT. METHODS Using 2005 to 2016 United Network for Organ Sharing data, all adults (age 18 y and above) undergoing LT were identified. The association of KPSS at the time of LT (KPSS 1: functional status 80% to 100%, KPSS 2: 60% to 70%, KPSS 3: 40% to 50%, KPSS 4: 10% to 30%) with post-LT survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier methods and adjusted multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Among 66,397 LT recipients (68% male, 72% non-Hispanic white, 22% hepatocellular carcinoma, median age: 55 to 57), women were more likely to be KPSS 4 at the time of LT compared with men (27.95% vs. 22.79%; P<0.001) and African Americans (25.43% vs. 23.03%; P<0.001) and Hispanics (31.69% vs. 23.03%; P<0.001) were more likely to be KPSS 4 than non-Hispanic whites. Worse KPSS at LT correlated with higher post-LT mortality [compared with KPSS 1: Hazard Ratio (HR) for KPSS 2: 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.22; HR for KPSS 3: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.32-1.49; HR for KPSS 4: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.55-1.79]. This increased mortality seen with worse KPSS was observed among all liver disease etiologies and in patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Worse functional status at the time of LT is strongly associated with higher risk of mortality following LT, emphasizing the importance of optimizing performance status in the preoperative period.
Falls from a balcony while intoxicated: a new injury trend among young adults?

Unintentional falls from heights, including balconies, result in life threatening traumatic injury. Alcohol, when combined with environmental factors and poor judgement, can potentially lead to fatal outcomes. One trauma center’s registry identified a group of young adults falling from balconies and we investigated the role of alcohol. Hospital trauma service admissions from 2010 through 2017 were reviewed for unintentional falls from heights. Suicide attempts and unintentional falls off ladders or roofs were excluded. Data were obtained from trauma registry and medical record review, as well as social work service interviews. Falls from heights comprised 4.8% of injuries treated at our trauma center during the eight-year study period with 98.5% admitted. Of patients admitted because of falls, 10.3% (55/532) were from a balcony. The majority of this group of patients was male and 19–29 years old (67%). Of patients with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) determination, 62% had a positive BAC upon hospital admission with an average of 0.20 g/dL among those 34 patients. No gender differences were evident for alcohol use. Seven of the eight patients under the legal drinking age of 21 years were a subgroup with high alcohol use as compared with patients 21 years and older (p = 0.099). Ninety-four percent of falls occurred at residential locations such as dormitories or apartment complexes, often during a social event. Backward falls off railings and attempts to jump to adjoining balconies were common. Head, thorax/abdomen, and extremity fractures were common, with an average injury severity score (ISS) of 16. Average length of hospital stay was 8 days. Most patients (67%) were discharged home after hospital stay, but 21% were transferred to inpatient rehabilitation or skilled nursing facilities. There were two deaths. Falls from balconies among young adults occur in our area yet the true frequency of these events remain unknown. Occurrence was most common among underage drinkers. Generalization is difficult with this small sample, yet high risk behaviors and environmental factors were evident. It is imperative that educational programs focus on this population with collaborative prevention efforts focused on the dangers of, and increased risk of injury associated with the balcony environment.
SAIL: simulation-informed active in-the-wild learning

Robots in real-world environments may need to adapt context-specific behaviors learned in one environment to new environments with new constraints. In many cases, copresent humans can provide the robot with information, but it may not be safe for them to provide hands-on demonstrations and there may not be a dedicated supervisor to provide constant feedback. In this work we present the SAIL (Simulation-Informed Active In-the-Wild Learning) algorithm for learning new approaches to manipulation skills starting from a single demonstration. In this three-step algorithm, the robot simulates task execution to choose new potential approaches; collects unsupervised data on task execution in the target environment; and finally, chooses informative actions to show to co-present humans and obtain labels. Our approach enables a robot to learn new ways of executing two different tasks by using success/failure labels obtained from naive users in a public space, performing 496 manipulation actions and collecting 163 labels from users in the wild over six 45-minute to 1-hour deployments. We show that classifiers based low-level sensor data can be used to accurately distinguish between successful and unsuccessful motions in a multi-step task ( $\mathbf{p} ), even when trained in the wild. We also show that using the sensor data to choose which actions to sample is more effective than choosing the least-sampled action.
Trauma-induced concomitant psoriatic arthritis and complex regional pain syndrome

To report the simultaneous occurrence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and chronic regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) both triggered by intense walking in a male golfer with a history of scalp psoriasis. Sequential existence of these two conditions have been reported in the literature; however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of a simultaneous occurrence of PsA and CRPS I. This case illustrates the complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors with the central nervous and immune systems. As the pathogenesis of PsA has been better understood in recent years, we propose a mechanism that explains how the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides following a traumatic event elicits a vicious cycle that is a common ground for the development of both PsA and CRPS I. Even unperceived trauma, such as intense walking, when directed to the synovio-entheseal complex, can precipitate the development of PsA and CRPS I in predisposed individuals.
Early-Life Iron Deficiency and Subsequent Repletion Alters Development of the Colonic Microbiota in the Pig

Background: Iron deficiency is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency worldwide, affecting over two billion people. Early-life iron deficiency may alter the developing microbiota, which may or may not be reversible with subsequent dietary iron repletion. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether early-life iron deficiency and subsequent repletion alter colonic microbial composition and fermentation end-product concentrations in pigs. Methods: Forty-two male pigs received either control (CONT, 21.3 mg Fe/L) or iron-deficient (ID, 2.72 mg Fe/L) milk replacer treatments from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 32. Subsequently, 20 pigs continued through a series of age-appropriate, iron-adequate diets from PND 33 to 61. Contents from the ascending colon (AC) and rectum (feces) were collected at PND 32 and/or 61. Assessments included microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations by gas chromatography methods. Data were analyzed using a 1-way ANOVA and PERMANOVA to assess the main effects of early-life iron status on all outcomes. Results: In AC samples, 15 genera differed (P < 0.05) between ID and CONT pigs, while 27 genera differed (P < 0.05) in fecal samples at PND 32. Early-life ID pigs had higher (P = 0.012) relative abundance of Lactobacillus in AC samples compared with CONT pigs. In feces, ID pigs had lower (P < 0.05) relative abundances of Bacteroides and Clostridium from the families of Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae. At PND 61, only two genera differed between treatment groups in AC samples, with ID pigs having a higher (P = 0.043) relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and lower (P = 0.047) relative abundance of Prevotella. Beta diversity differed at PND 32 in both AC and feces between CONT and ID pigs but no differences remained at PND 61. At PND 32, the total VFA concentration was higher in ID pigs compared with CONT pigs in both AC (P = 0.003) and feces (P = 0.001), but no differences in VFA concentrations persisted to PND 61. Conclusion: Early-life iron status influenced microbial composition and VFA concentrations within the large intestine, but these differences were largely normalized following subsequent dietary iron repletion.
Kwaito's Promise: Music and the Aesthetics of Freedom in South Africa

Kwaito, a form of experimental electronic music that represented the post-apartheid struggle in South Africa, has received numerous criticisms from politicians and cultural brokers – for using esca...
Entity Linking via Dual and Cross-Attention Encoders.

Entity Linking has two main open areas of research: 1) generate candidate entities without using alias tables and 2) generate more contextual representations for both mentions and entities. Recently, a solution has been proposed for the former as a dual-encoder entity retrieval system (Gillick et al., 2019) that learns mention and entity representations in the same space, and performs linking by selecting the nearest entity to the mention in this space. In this work, we use this retrieval system solely for generating candidate entities. We then rerank the entities by using a cross-attention encoder over the target mention and each of the candidate entities. Whereas a dual encoder approach forces all information to be contained in the small, fixed set of vector dimensions used to represent mentions and entities, a crossattention model allows for the use of detailed information (read: features) from the entirety of each tuple. We experiment with features used in the reranker including different ways of incorporating document-level context. We achieve state-of-the-art results on TACKBP-2010 dataset, with 92.05% accuracy. Furthermore, we show how the rescoring model generalizes well when trained on the larger CoNLL-2003 dataset and evaluated on TACKBP-2010.
A mixed-method process evaluation of an intervention to improve social reactions to disclosures of sexual assault and partner abuse

Because of the high rates and deleterious consequences of sexual assault (SA) and partner abuse (PA) on college campuses, there is a proliferation of programming to both prevent and respond to these issues. Most research to date, however, presents outcome evaluation data on these programs and neglects to present process evaluation data which are critical for program refinement and dissemination. The purpose of this study was to present process evaluation data (i.e., acceptability and feasibility) specific to a program that endeavored to increase positive and decrease negative social reactions from disclosure recipients to individuals disclosing SA and PA. Participants were 303 students who completed the program and participated in postintervention surveys and a subset of students (n = 18) who completed exit interviews. Results documented that the program was both feasible and acceptable, as evidenced by high satisfaction ratings. Important suggestions were also provided for how to improve the program, such as reducing repetition and making scenarios more realistic. Finally, participants who reported higher program engagement and more program usage generally reported more intentions to provide positive social reactions, less intentions to provide negative social reactions, and less actual negative social reactions. This information is useful not only for adapting the current program discussed herein but also for program developers and preventionists wishing to create similar programming to effectively prevent and improve response to SA and PA.
The Population Biology of the Larvacean Oikopleura dioica in Enclosed Water Columns

The biology of zooplankton populations in the sea is poorly understood because we cannot revisit and sample again populations subject to horizontal advection. Although “resident” populations of common neritic copepods, chaetognaths, and ctenophores have been studied in bays, lagoons, or marine lakes (e.g., McLaren 1969, Reeve and Baker 1975, Landry 1978, King 1979), little is known of the ecology of “gelatinous” zooplankton (e.g., medusae, larvaceans, salps, oceanic ctenophores) because their populations are extremely variable in space and, particularly, time; most are abundant for only a few weeks at a time (Heron 1972a,b; Seki 1973). In addition, generation times seem to be only a few days for most gelatinous zooplankters (Heron 1972a,b; Paffenhofer 1976, Fenaux 1976). Thus, under most zooplankton sampling regimes, i.e., occasional cruises or, at best, weekly monitoring, important periods probably will be poorly sampled or missed entirely. However, some species of gelatinous zooplankton, e.g., the larvacean Oikopleura dioica and the salp Thalia democratica, increase greatly in abundance in a matter of days and then decrease just as rapidly.
Effects of substrate modifications on the arginine dimethylation activities of PRMT1 and PRMT5.

Histone arginine methylation is a prevalent posttranslational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells and contributes to the histone codes for epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. In this study, we determined how local changes on adjacent residues in the histone H4 substrate regulate arginine asymmetric dimethylation and symmetric dimethylation catalysed by the major protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) enzymes PRMT1 and PRMT5, respectively. We found that phosphorylation at histone H4 Ser-1 site (H4S1) was inhibitory to activities of PRMT1 and PRMT5 in both monomethylating and dimethylating H4R3. Also, a positively charged H4K5 was important for PRMT1 catalysis because acetylation of H4K5 or the loss of the H4K5 e-amine had a similar effect in reducing the catalytic efficiency of asymmetric dimethylation of H4R3. An opposite effect was observed in that acetylation of H4K5 or the loss of the H4K5 e-amine enhanced PRMT5-mediated symmetric dimethylation of H4R3. Furthermore, we observed that N-terminal acetylation of H4 modestly decreased asymmetric dimethylation of H4R3 by PRMT1 and symmetric dimethylation of H4R3 by PRMT5. This work highlights the significance of local chemical changes in the substrate to regulating PRMT activity and unravels the pattern complexities and subtleties of histone codes.
Curriculum Change in Context—II: Models of Organizational Decision Making

The major focus of this book is the early 1990s curriculum review at Columbia Business School, a reorientation period in which major strategic changes were made. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the curriculum review process through the prism of several alternative models of organizational decision making.
The Wavelength-Dependent Refractive Index Change Associated with the Blue to Pink Membrane Photochemical Conversion in Bacteriorhodopsin

Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is the photosynthetic protein found in the cell membrane of the bacterium Halobacterium salinarium.1,2 This microorganism thrives in salt brines where the concentration of sodium chloride is roughly four times greater than ocean water. BR’s biological function derives from its unique light-transducing properties whereby the absorption of a photon results in the pumping of a proton from the bacterium’s cytoplasm to its surrounding environment. This action establishes an electrochemical potential which the bacterium harnesses to synthesize metabolic adenosine triphosphate. During the past several decades much has been learned about bacteriorhodopsin’s photochemical and biophysical properties, and the molecular events associated with proton pumping.3–5 More recently, several groups have demonstrated BR’s efficacy as a new type of optical recording material useful in photonic applications that include real-time holography,6, 7 interferometry,8 spatial light modulation,9, 10 and long term optical data storage.11–13 All of the latter exploit BR’s inherent property of photochromism whereby a material under proper illumination reversibly changes its optical transmission properties.14 Although numerous synthetic photochromes have been reported over the last century, few offer the intrinsic advantages found in BR. These include high light sensitivity in both the forward and reverse directions (large quantum yield), freedom from photodegradation, and the ability to tailor the photochromic properties of the protein through genetic manipulation of the native protein15, 2, or through the action of external agents such as chemical compounds,16, 17 humidity, pH,11 or ionic strength.
Comparison of in vitro and in vivo α/β ratios for prostate cancer

Parallel in vitro and in vivo studies provide insight into the relationship between clinical response and intrinsic cellular radiosensitivity and may aid in the development of predictive assays. Compilations of radiosensitivity parameters from in vitro experiments can also be used to examine the potential effectiveness of alternative or new treatment plan designs until enough clinical data become available to directly estimate the requisite radiosensitivity parameters. In this work, survival data for six prostate cancer cell lines (ten datasets total) have been extracted from the literature and re-analysed using the linear-quadratic (LQ) survival model. The paired bootstrap technique for regression is used to compute 95% confidence intervals for the estimated radiosensitivity parameters. LQ radiosensitivity parameters derived from the in vitro data are then compared to radiosensitivity parameters derived from clinical data for prostate cancer. Estimates of alpha range from 0.09 to 0.35 Gy(-1) (all cell lines), and the alpha/beta ratio ranges from 1.09 to 6.29 Gy (all cell lines). Point estimates of the repair half-time (PPC-1, TSU-Pr1, PC-3 and DU-145 cell lines) range from 5.7 to 8.9 h (95% confidence interval from 0.26 h to 10.7 h). Differences in the radiosensitivity parameters determined from the data reported by different laboratories are as large as or larger than the differences in radiosensitivity parameters observed among the various prostate cell lines. The reported studies demonstrate that even seemingly small corrections for dose rate effects, such as those expected in high dose rate (HDR) experiments, can sometimes have a significant impact on estimates of alpha and alpha/beta. By neglecting dose rate effects in the analysis of HDR experiments, estimates of the alpha/beta, ratio may be too high by factors as large as 1.3 to 6.2. The half-time for repair derived from the in vitro experiments appears significantly larger (slower repair rate) than estimates derived from the clinical data. However, the prostate radiosensitivity parameters alpha and alpha/beta may be approximately the same in vitro and in vivo. Most of the in vitro data are consistent with an alpha/beta ratio for prostate cancer less than 3 or 4 Gy.
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase cascades

Abstract Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase (CaMKK), CaMKI, and CaMKIV constitute CaMK cascades that have gained increased recognition during the past 10 years for their roles in varied biological functions, including learning and memory, T-cell function, and cell survival. This chapter summarizes the tremendous work, performed in the last decade or so, that has advanced our understanding of these kinase cascades. We examine the progress that has been made toward elucidating the mechanisms regulating CaMKK, CaMKI, and CaMKIV; highlight the various approaches that have been used to study these kinases; discuss identification of the physiological roles of these kinases; and consider some of the issues that will keep the field occupied well into the future.
Hypersonic Magneto-Aerodynamic Interaction

The side-by-side numerical and experimental research for interdisciplinary phenomenon is a reflection of the stage of maturation for the modeling and simulation technology development. The detailed validation of hypersonic blunt body drag reduction technique using plasma injection was investigated by this approach. The major portion of the reduced drag is found from the favorable counter-flow jet shock interaction and thermal deposition.
Regulated Intramembrane Cleavage of the EGF Receptor

Following the addition of EGF or ionomycin to A431 cells, protease activity mediates cleavage of the EGF receptor producing a 60 kDa fragment that includes the intracellular domain (ICD). This fragment is located in both membrane and nuclear fractions. On the basis of sensitivity to chemical inhibitors and overexpression of cDNAs, the rhomboid intramembrane proteases, not γ-secretase proteases, are identified as responsible for the cleavage event. Agonist-initiated cleavage occurs slowly over 3–24 h. Inhibition of calpain protease activity significantly increased the detectable level of ICD fragment.
The generalized-lorentz-gauge description of quantum electrodynamics

A unified formulation of quantum electrodynamics in the generalized Lorentz gauge (including, for example, the Feynman, Landau and Yennie gauges) is presented. The formulation is shown to be consistent with the appropriate commutation relations and propagators in the various gauges. All the gauge descriptions are shown to lead to Maxwell’s equations in the Lorentz gauge provided that expectation values of the electric and magnetic field intensities are taken over physically admissible states. It is shown that when the subsidiary condition is properly treated for the case of interacting photons and charged particles, the various gauge descriptions have the same physical content and electron wave function renormalization constants as the Coulomb gauge
Correlative tracking of pseudo-noise codes using a phase shifted reference

Investigates a first-order correlation loop for tracking pseudo-noise (PN) codes. The local reference is produced by a PN sequence generator in series with a Hilbert transform filter. The tracking performance of this non-linear loop is compared with conventional early-late delay-lock loops (ELDLL). Using a conservative definition of bandwidth, the new loop was found to be superior at moderate to low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Another advantage of the new structure is that it has a very large (arguably infinite) lock range.
The Enemy Without: Post-1945 British Animal Fantasy and the Safety of Home Space

According to Sands-O'Connor, Empire lingers on in British animal fantasy long after Britain officiates at its funeral. Masquerading as rhetoric for the good old days, it becomes clear that child readers are taught some pretty unsavory values by some of our favorite furry friends.
Multiple Holomorphs of Dihedral and Quaternionic Groups

The holomorph of a group G is Norm B (λ(G)), the normalizer of the left regular representation λ(G) in its group of permutations B = Perm(G). The multiple holomorph of G is the normalizer of the holomorph in B. The multiple holomorph and its quotient by the holomorph encodes a great deal of information about the holomorph itself and about the group λ(G) and its conjugates within the holomorph. We explore the multiple holomorphs of the dihedral groups D n and quaternionic (dicyclic) groups Q n for n ≥ 3.
Abstract 126: In-hospital Depression Predicts Early Hospital Readmission after an Acute Coronary Syndrome: Preliminary Data from TRACE-CORE

Background: Hospital systems, patients and providers seek to avert rehospitalizations within 30 days for patients admitted with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Rehospitalizations within 30 days of discharge are often considered preventable and to reflect poor in-hospital management or discharge practices. However, independent associations of psychosocial factors with early rehospitalization in patients admitted with an ACS have not been examined. Methods: A multi-racial cohort of 1,540 patients admitted with an ACS reported psychosocial factors via standardized questionnaires in an in-hospital interview. One month following discharge, patients were interviewed via phone and reported hospital readmissions. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between in-hospital psychosocial characteristics (depression, anxiety, and perceived stress), health literacy and numeracy, and cognitive status, with self-reported readmission within 30 days. Results: Participants were 34% female and 17% non-white, with a mean age of 62 years and a mean length of stay of 4.1 days. Rehospitalization was reported for 14% (n=208) of participants, 77% of which were due to CVD. In univariate analyses, in-hospital severe depression, anxiety, and high stress were associated with higher odds of early readmission, whereas low health numeracy was associated with lower odds of early readmission (Table 1). Severe depression remained associated with higher odds and low health numeracy remained associated with lower odds of early readmission in a multivariable model including covariates associated on univariate testing with rehospitalization. Conclusions: Early readmission after hospitalization for an ACS was common and associated with in-hospital depression and health numeracy. Notably, depression and health numeracy were the only predictors independently associated with readmission in multivariable analyses. We speculate that the lower likelihood of readmission for those with low numeracy may be related to less engagement with the healthcare system. In-hospital screening for depression and characterization of health numeracy may help stratify risk for early rehospitalization after an ACS. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Fingertip Forces While Using three Different Keyboards

The relationship of chronic musculoskeletal disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome and wrist tendinitis, to prolonged alphanumeric keyboard use is controversial. Known risk-factors for these disorders, such as repetition of task, forceful exertions, awkward joint postures, direct mechanical pressure, and prolonged constrained posture, may be applicable to keyboard use. In this study fingertip forces were measured for 10 typists using three alphanumeric keyboards that differed only in their key force and displacement characteristics. While subjects typed, peak fingertip force was collected for each keystroke using strain gauge load cells. The mean peak fingertip forces applied by all subjects for all keys for the three keyboards were 193 gm, 182 gm and 220 gm; significantly different means. The 18% reduction in fingertip force in the second keyboard compared with the third is attributed to a higher minimum force of activation and a higher force at total key travel in the third keyboard. This study indic...
“Nationalism as a national danger?” Early Romanian socialists and the paradoxes of the national question (1880–1914)

This article traces the gradual accommodation of early socialists in Romania with the predicament of nationalism in the period between 1880 and 1914. The attitudes of Romanian socialists evolved from initial ambivalence toward nationalism to staunch commitment to internationalism in the 1890s, and an inadvertent but unmistakable growing engagement with nationalism after the turn of the century. Locating socialism in the broader political and cultural debates of the time, this article argues that belonging to the Romanian public arena forced socialists to become increasingly more sensitive to the challenges of nationalism. Especially after 1900, the rise of very influential competing nationalist ideologies, as well as the necessity to address the Jewish question and the problem of ethnic Romanians living abroad, turned Romanian socialists into opponents but also implicit partners of dialogue in debates on nationalism. In the long run, however, socialists failed to find a persuasive alternative to nationali...
A retransmission strategy for real-time streaming over satellite in blockage with long memory

The channel for a Comm-on-the-move (COTM) terminal in a blockage environment communicating over a satellite can be characterized as a packet erasure channel with long channel memory and long feedback delay. The goal of our research is to enable real-time application, such as a two-way voice call, over such a challenging channel. These packets need to be delivered reliably with strict order requirement. While various automatic repeat request (ARQ) techniques are often used for this purpose, they become ineffective when the channel is severely blocked with long memory and long feedback delay, and the user desires delay performance that is only a small amount above the physical limit of the channel while not consuming too much bandwidth.
Novel predicted RNA-binding domains associated with the translation machinery.

Two previously undetected domains were identified in a variety of RNA-binding proteins, particularly RNA-modifying enzymes, using methods for sequence profile analysis. A small domain consisting of 60–65 amino acid residues was detected in the ribosomal protein S4, two families of pseudouridine synthases, a novel family of predicted RNA methylases, a yeast protein containing a pseudouridine synthetase and a deaminase domain, bacterial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases, and a number of uncharacterized, small proteins that may be involved in translation regulation. Another novel domain, designated PUA domain, after PseudoUridine synthase and Archaeosine transglycosylase, was detected in archaeal and eukaryotic pseudouridine synthases, archaeal archaeosine synthases, a family of predicted ATPases that may be involved in RNA modification, a family of predicted archaeal and bacterial rRNA methylases. Additionally, the PUA domain was detected in a family of eukaryotic proteins that also contain a domain homologous to the translation initiation factor eIF1/SUI1; these proteins may comprise a novel type of translation factors. Unexpectedly, the PUA domain was detected also in bacterial and yeast glutamate kinases; this is compatible with the demonstrated role of these enzymes in the regulation of the expression of other genes. We propose that the S4 domain and the PUA domain bind RNA molecules with complex folded structures, adding to the growing collection of nucleic acid-binding domains associated with DNA and RNA modification enzymes. The evolution of the translation machinery components containing the S4, PUA, and SUI1 domains must have included several events of lateral gene transfer and gene loss as well as lineage-specific domain fusions.
Uptake by mouse peritoneal macrophages of large cholesteryl ester-rich particles isolated from human atherosclerotic lesions

We have previously shown that a lipoprotein fraction consisting of large cholesteryl ester-rich particles can be isolated from homogenates of human aortic plaques by gel exclusion chromatography. This fraction was recognized by a high-affinity binding site on mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM) resulting in unregulated uptake, stimulation of cholesterol esterification, and massive accumulation of cholesteryl esters. In this report we have further characterized such a fraction, designated lipid-protein complex (LP), which can be isolated from the void volume fraction of a Bio-Gel A-150m column following chromatography of plaque extracts. LP possessed a mean cholesterol-to-protein ratio of 2.3; it was heterogeneous in size and structure as observed by electron microscopy after negative staining, and it stimulated cholesterol esterification in MPM in a linear fashion over a 48-hr time interval, suggesting that the binding site on MPM recognizing LP was not down-regulated by intracellular cholesterol content. This uptake resulted in the presence of oil red O-positive intracellular droplets and numerous vacuoles containing electron-dense structures, whereas MPM incubated without lipoprotein showed few vacuoles or lipid droplets. Using SDS-PAGE and immunoblot and dot-blot techniques, we found that the major proteins associated with LP were albumin and fibronectin, whereas apoB and apoE were present in lower amounts. These proteins may be responsible for opsonization of LP, making it recognizable to receptors on MPM and facilitating LP uptake by MPM. LP isolated from tissue extracts without homogenization had the same structural and functional characteristics, suggesting that homogenization per se was not responsible for creating a particle that was recognized by MPM. However, homogenization yielded two to three times more LP. MPM uptake of LP derived from lysed foam cells may represent one of the mechanisms by which fatty streak lesions may grow to larger atherosclerotic lesions.