cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transition from Boiling Onset to Fully-Developed Nucleate Boiling in a Narrow Vertical Channel

The transition from the onset of nucleate boiling up to fully developed nucleate boiling in a rectangular minichannel was investigated. This transition has been called the “turning angle” phenomenon in the past because it involves a set of heat flux–wall superheat points with negative slope between the onset of nucleate boiling and the fully developed condition. The details of this transition were elucidated in a series of experiments performed in a vertical channel, 1.57 mm high × 20 mm wide× 357 mm long, with one wall heated uniformly and others approximately adiabatic. Initially subcooled R-11 flowed upward through the channel at flow rates that produced laminar flows. Liquid crystal thermography was used to measure instantaneous distributions of surface temperature and to provide a detailed view of the sequence of thermal events affecting the measurement site during the turning angle transition. The results were used to produce a physical description of the controlling features of the transition.
Measuring Socioeconomic Status at the School Level

Why is there an increased need for quantitative indicators of student socioeconomic status at the school level? What alternative approaches have been used to measure SES? Can principals accurately estimate the SES distribution of their student populations? How do their estimates correlate with other indexes o f family SES?
Iron imidazolate framework as precursor for electrocatalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

The extensive use of Pt and platinum group metals (PGM) as electrocatalysts poses a significant cost barrier for the commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Replacing Pt with non-PGM electrocatalysts is a long-term pursuit of the scientific community. In this study, non-PGM cathode electrocatalysts for PEMFC were prepared by pyrolyzing an iron imidazolate framework. The new catalyst demonstrated excellent activity towards oxygen reduction reaction in the acidic medium. The catalytic activity was further improved by mixing with a zinc imidazolate framework, ZIF-8. The membrane electrode assembly made of such catalyst as the cathode demonstrated an onset potential of 0.977 V and measured volumetric current density of 12 A cm−3 at 0.8 V in a single cell test.
Localization of Multiple Forms of Inducible Cytochromes P450 in Rat Liver Mitochondria: Immunological Characteristics and Patterns of Xenobiotic Substrate Metabolism

Hepatic mitochondria contain inducible cytochromes P450 that cross-react with antibodies to P4501A1/2 and 2B1/2. In the present study, we present evidence for the occurrence of additional P450 forms in rat liver mitochondria that cross-react with antibodies to microsomal P4503A1/2 and 2E1. Protease protection and also immunoelectron microscopy studies were carried out to support the mitochondrial location of the immunoreactive P450s. The solubility of immunoreactive proteins in 0.1 M Na2CO3 suggests that the mitochondrial P450 forms tested are not membrane-integral proteins. The mitochondrial-associated P450 forms are capable of metabolizing resorufin derivatives, erythromycin, and p-nitrophenol in an adrenodoxin- and adrenodoxin reductase-supported system. Treatment of rats with phenobarbital (PB) resulted in the induction of mitochondrial pentoxyresorufin O-deethylase (PROD), benzoxyresorufin O-deethylase (BROD), and erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND) activities by 17-, 23-, and 2-fold, respectively. These activities were inhibited by 33 to 64% by antibodies to P4502B1/2 and P4503A1/2. The induction of the above monooxygenase activities correlated with the levels of mitochondrial proteins cross-reacting with antibodies to P4502B1/2 and P4503A1/2 in PB-treated livers. Similarly, administration of beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) resulted in a marked elevation of O-deethylation of ethoxy-, benzoxy-, and methoxyresorufins and a 2-fold increase in ERND activity. Immunoblot and immunoinhibition experiments using P4501A1/2, P4502B1/2, P4503A1/2, and P4502E1 antibodies revealed the presence of P450 forms closely related to the microsomal inducible forms. Results of immunoinhibition studies, using antibodies to adrenodoxin and reconstitution of enzyme activity with purified P450 forms, suggested a role for the mitochondrial P450 in the metabolism of xenobiotic substrates. The purified mitochondrial P450s also exhibited overlapping substrate specificities for resorufin derivatives and erythromycin.
Heterogeneity in anorexia nervosa

Etude des variations du niveau de depression, de la concentration plasmatique d'AMPcyclique et de l'activite de la MAO dans un groupe de 26 femmes anorexiques âgees de 11 a 24 ans
Analytic expression for non-linear ion extraction fields which yield ideal spatial focusing in time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Abstract One of the factors limiting the achievable mass resolution in time-of-flight mass spectrometers is the non-zero extent of the ion spatial distribution along the dimension parallel to the extraction axis. The effects of this spatial distribution are normally minimized by placing the detector at the position along the flight path where the temporal spread of an isomass ion packet is minimized. This position is known as the space-focus plane. In this paper, an analytic expression is obtained for the non-linear field in the extraction region which would yield theoretically perfect ion packet focusing at the space-focus plane. The mathematical techniques required are those commonly used in the solution of calculus of variations problems.
Self-assembled visible-bandgap II-VI quantum dots

This paper reports on the self-assembled growth of II-VI semiconductor quantum dots by molecular beam epitaxy. The dots are formed in a highly-strained (Zn,Cd)Se film of only a few monolayer width grown on ZnSe. The formation sets on when the CD mole fraction exceeds 30 percent. We present data on the recombination and relaxation of carriers and excitons in these zero-dimensional structures as well as their interaction with phonons.
The country women's association of new south Wales in the 1920s and 1930s as a counter‐revolutionary organisation

(1994). The country women's association of new south Wales in the 1920s and 1930s as a counter‐revolutionary organisation. Journal of Australian Studies: Vol. 18, No. 41, pp. 67-78.
Improved Forecasts of the Diurnal Cycle in the Tropics Using Multiple Global Models. Part II: Asian Summer Monsoon

Abstract The diurnal mode of the Asian summer monsoon during active and break periods is studied using four versions of the Florida State University (FSU) global spectral model (GSM). These versions differ in the formulation of cloud parameterization schemes in the model. Observational-based estimates show that there exists a divergent circulation at 200 hPa over the Asian monsoon region in the diurnal time scale that peaks at 1200 local solar time (LST) during break monsoon and at 1800 LST during active monsoon. A circulation in the opposite direction is seen near the surface. This circulation loop is completed by vertical ascending/descending motion over the monsoon domain and its surroundings. This study shows that global models have large phase and amplitude errors for the 200-hPa velocity potential and vertical pressure velocity over the monsoon region and its surroundings. Construction of a multimodel superensemble could reduce these errors substantially out to five days in advance. This was on acco...
Accommodating Dual Sensory Loss in Everyday Practice

Dual sensory impairment is increasingly prevalent in people over age 65. The combination of vision loss and hearing loss impacts not only day-to-day function from the perspective of the patient, bu...
Lac Repressor Binding to DNA not containing the Lac Operator and to Synthetic Poly dAT

THE lac represser binds very specifically and tightly to the lac operator1–3. In conditions where the repressor binds to operator with a dissociation constant of 10−13 M, the binding of represser to DNA not containing the Escherichia coli lac operator (non-operator DNA) was less tight by several orders of magnitude3. Although weak, we thought this non-operator DNA binding could be highly significant and deserved careful study. We report here on the binding of lac represser to non-operator DNA from several natural sources and also to synthetic poly dAT.
Barriers to adherence and hypertension control in a racially diverse representative sample of elderly primary care patients

Purpose To examine the effect of antihypertensive adherence on blood pressure and barriers to adherence in racially diverse elderly patients. Methods Telephone survey of a representative sample of 300 of all 3416 hypertensive patients aged >70 from four urban primary care practices. From electronic records, we calculated subjects' annual mean systolic blood pressure. We asked about the last missed antihypertensive dose in six time intervals. Based on association with blood pressure control, non-adherence was defined as missing any dose in the past 3 months. Subjects were also asked about six domains of adherence barriers: health, personal support, drug coverage, medication filling and use, doctor–patient interaction and knowledge. All models adjust for demographics, treatment regimen and sampling weights. Results The 202 subjects (67% response rate) were: female (65.9%), black (64.8%), mean age 77.4 years (5.49) and on mean 2.4 (SD 1.3) antihypertensive drugs. Mean annual systolic pressure for non-adherent subjects (22% of the cohort) was higher than adherent subjects (137.7 vs.133.4 mmHg, p = 0.065). After adjustment, the association between adherence and blood pressure was stronger in black than white patients (p = 0.007). In an initial model, being unaware of Medicare Part D had a lower adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of adherence (p < 0.05). In the final model, adherence barriers were: medication filling/use (run out of pills [AOR 0.25, CI 0.09-0.66] and 28% reduction per each of eight barriers); doctor–patient interaction (less important to discuss hypertension [AOR 0.32, CI 0.12–0.84]); and knowledge (38% lower AOR per incorrect answer about diseases unrelated to hypertension). Conclusion Self-reported adherence was associated with a higher blood pressure, especially in elderly black patients. To promote adherence, our data suggest targeting: filling prescriptions, prioritizing hypertension care and educating about effects of hypertension. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel multistage estimation of signal parameters

A multistage estimation scheme is presented for estimating the parameters of a received carrier signal possibly phase-modulated by unknown data and experiencing very high Doppler, Doppler rate, etc. Such a situation arises, for example, in the case of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS). In the proposed scheme, the first-stage estimator operates as a coarse estimator of the frequency and its derivatives, resulting in higher RMS estimation errors but with a relatively small probability of the frequency estimation error exceeding one-half of the sampling frequency (an event termed cycle slip). The second stage of the estimator operates on the error signal available from the first stage, refining the overall estimates, and in the process also reduces the number of cycle slips. The first-stage algorithm is a modified least-squares algorithm operating on the differential signal model and referred to as differential least squares (DLS). The second-stage algorithm is an extended Kalman filter, which yields the estimate of the phase as well as refining the frequency estimate. A major advantage of the proposed algorithm is a reduction in the threshold for the received carrier power-to-noise power spectral density ratio (CNR) as compared with the threshold achievable by either of the algorithms alone. >
Measurements of fluid and thermal transport in vertical buoyancy induced flows in cold water

Abstract Measurements of transport quantities are obtained in a vertical buoyancy induced flow along a uniform flux surface (1.3 m high) in water at 4°C. Velocity and temperature fields are determined at various downstream locations for several values of flux level ranging from 368 to 3617 W/m 2 . Both average and disturbance quantities are measured and compared with theory. A simultaneous velocity and thermal transition is found. Due to a nonlinear density dependence on temperature the transition is delayed. A new parameter is suggested which predicts the beginning of transition. The frequency filtering in the laminar and early transition region was found not to be very sharp, as also predicted by the calculations. The predicted filtered frequency, B ∗ = 1.343 is confirmed by the experimental data obtained.
Timing of Landmark Learning by Honey Bees

Honey bees can locate an inconspicuous food source by using prominent landmarks to "triangulate" it (reviewed by Gould and Towne, 1987). Doubtless this strategy is a necessity for an animal with such poor visual resolution. Although Anderson (1977) argued that landmarks are remembered nonpictorially, while Cartwright and Collett (1982, 1983) concluded that landmarks are remembered eidetically, Gould (1985a, 1987) has shown that the memory is photographic and has a resolution of about 3 ~ This contrasts with the relatively low resolution of flower-shape memory, which is about 8-10 ~ (Gould, 1985b, 1986a), suggesting that these two systems of pictorial memory are stored separately. (Real-time visual acuity is 1-2~ the sun's apparent diameter, for calibration, is 0.4~ Since flower shape is learned on approach (Gould, 1988), finding that landmark shape is committed to memory on departure would further strengthen the conclusion that the two pictorial-memory systems are separate. Opfinger (1931) performed some early experiments that hint at a departuredependent landmark-learning system. In one test, she trained bees to collect food from one corner of a checkerboard, rotating it 180 ~ between arrival and departure; returning bees landed at both corners. This could be interpreted as meaning that bees learn landmarks on both approach and departure, or that they treated the pattern as a flower-learning task, or that landmark learning is not a one-trial task. In a second experiment, she transferred bees from one location to another 10-25 m away while they were feeding, from which location they returned to the hive. When they returned to feed, some went to the training table, some to the release table, and some to an intermediate point; the majority,
Load bearing and stiffness tailored NiTi implants produced by additive manufacturing: A simulation study

Common metals for stable long-term implants (e.g. stainless steel, Titanium and Titanium alloys) are much stiffer than spongy cancellous and even stiffer than cortical bone. When bone and implant are loaded this stiffness mismatch results in stress shielding and as a consequence, degradation of surrounding bony structure can lead to disassociation of the implant. Due to its lower stiffness and high reversible deformability, which is associated with the superelastic behavior, NiTi is an attractive biomaterial for load bearing implants. However, the stiffness of austenitic Nitinol is closer to that of bone but still too high. Additive manufacturing provides, in addition to the fabrication of patient specific implants, the ability to solve the stiffness mismatch by adding engineered porosity to the implant. This in turn allows for the design of different stiffness profiles in one implant tailored to the physiological load conditions. This work covers a fundamental approach to bring this vision to reality. At first modeling of the mechanical behavior of different scaffold designs are presented as a proof of concept of stiffness tailoring. Based on these results different Nitinol scaffolds can be produced by additive manufacturing.
Adaptive document layout

How to automatically reformat, resize, and paginate electronic text and graphics so documents look as good on displays of any size as they do on paper.
Streaming Video Using Dynamic Rate Shaping and TCP Congestion Control

We present a new technique for streaming real time video on today's Internet, based ondynamic rate shapingandTCP congestion control. Dynamic rate shaping is a signal processing technique that adapts the rate of compressed video (MPEG-1, MPEG-2, H.26x) to dynamically varying bandwidth constraints. This provides an interface (or filter) between the source and the network, with which the encoder's output (either live or stored) can be perfectly matched to the network's available bandwidth. We couple this adaptation capability with the use of a new semi-reliable protocol that uses the TCP congestion window to pace the delivery of data into the network, but without using other TCP algorithms that are poorly suited to real time media. Use of TCP congestion control ensures that the protocol competes fairly with all other TCP data and that it optimally shares the available bandwidth. It also avoids the latency problems commonly associated with TCP. In addition, we describe a real application that uses this approach to stream MPEG video on the Internet. We present several experiments, performed in both a controlled environment and the wide area Internet, that were used to evaluate the effectiveness and fairness of the scheme. The results show that the proposed solution achieves superior video quality while at the same time providing fairness by sharing bandwidth equally with other non-real-time connections.
MESOSCALE COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF POLYMER-TETHERED ORGANIC/INORGANIC NANOCUBE SELF-ASSEMBLY

A molecular simulation study of the mesoscale self-assembly of tethered nanoparticles having a cubic geometry is presented. Minimal models of the tethered nanocubes are developed to represent a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) molecule with polymeric substituents. The models incorporate some of the essential structural features and interaction specificity of POSS molecules, and facilitate access to the long length and timescales pertinent to the assembly process while foregoing atomistic detail. The types of self-assembled nanostructures formed by the tethered nanocubes in solution are explored via Brownian dynamics simulations using these minimal models. The influence of various parameters, including the conditions of the surrounding medium, the molecular weight and chemical composition of the tether functionalities, and the number of tethers on the nanocube, on the formation of specific structures is demonstrated. The role of cubic nanoparticle geometry on self-assembly is also assessed by comparing the types of structures formed by tethered nanocubes and by their flexible coil triblock copolymer and tethered nanosphere counterparts. Morphological phase diagrams are proposed to describe the behavior of the tethered nanocubes.
The perimenopause, depressive disorders, and hormonal variability

CONTEXT: Several investigations have postulated that the perimenopause may represent a period of increased psychiatric vulnerability, particularly for mood disorders. This review characterizes the perimenopause, including biological changes, the influence of psychosocial factors and the most common clinical manifestations. Clinic-based studies and community-based surveys addressing the prevalence of depressive symptoms in perimenopausal women are critically reviewed. We also discuss the potential greater vulnerability to mood disturbance during the perimenopause in response to hormonal variability. A therapeutic algorithm for management of depressive symptoms in middle-aged perimenopausal women is also presented. The role of estrogen in the treatment of perimenopausal depressive symptoms is particularly discussed. In addition, we review the existing data regarding the potential efficacy of estrogen as an antidepressant agent (monotherapy, augmentation strategy or prophylaxis). DESIGN: Narrative review.
A physics-based compact thermal model for multi-gate field effect transistor structures

A simple concept of characteristic thermal length is used to develop a physics-based compact thermal circuit model for the multi-gate field effective transistor (MuGFET) structure including the device channel, fins, source/drain/poly pads, metal contacts, poly wire and metal mires. The characteristic thermal lengths are used to represent various heat loss paths of heat conduction along each segment of the fins, channels and poly/metal wires. Extraction of thermal resistances and thermal lengths used to construct the model is achieved through numerical simulations of the 2D cross section for each segment. The circuit models are developed for single-fin and multi-fin MuGFET structures, and simulations of the thermal circuits are performed in SPICE to validate the model for each structure.
The Metropolis and Globalization: The Dialectics of Racial Discrimination, Deregulation, and Urban Form

Global economic changes affect the shape of cities. But in this article, the author sees the reverse effect: The shape of the city influences the global economy. This article argues that the peculiar spatial form of the U.S. metropolis, by pulling on a six-link chain of social forces, drags down the global economy. In an ironic twist, this puts European cities in trouble. In brief, racial segregation degrades U.S. politics, leading to acceptance of market dominance, even with the resulting inequalities among whites. The market model is exported by U.S. global power and by ideological pressures. The resultant pressures reduce municipal budgets and stimulate migration, causing European cities to suffer the spatial dilemmas of the United States.
The Generality of Creative Performance in Gifted and Nongifted Children

In order to evaluate the generality of creativity, gifted and nongifted children (N = 228) were given a creative performance questionnaire. Questionnaires were scored for quality and quantity in seven performance domains: writing, music, crafts, art, science, performing arts, and public presentation. The generality of performance was tested by checking the intercorrelations of the seven domains. Results indicated that the quality and quantity of creative performance were largely unrelated, and differences between gifted and nongifted children were slight. Additionally, for both gifted and nongifted children, quantity performance scores of the seven domains were significantly correlated (median r= .46), and quality performance scores were only weakly correlated (median r=.16).
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder principally affecting pigmented tissues in the ocular, auditory, integumentary and central nervous systems. Patients are typically 20 to 50 years old and have no history of either surgical or accidental ocular trauma. Pigmented races are more commonly affected. Depending on revised diagnostic criteria, the disease is classified as complete, incomplete or probable based on the presence of extraocular findings (neurological, auditory and integumentary). The clinical course of VKH is divided into four phases: prodromal (mimics a viral infection), uveitic (bilateral diffuse uveitis with papillitis and exudative retinal detachment), convalescent (tissue depigmentation), and chronic recurrent (recurrent uveitis and ocular complications). The pathogenesis of VKH is thought to be related to an aberrant T cell-mediated immune response directed against self-antigens found on melanocytes. VKH has been linked to human leukocyte antigen DR4 (HLA-D...
Group, majority, and strict agreement in timed asynchronous distributed systems

Atomic broadcast is a group communication service that enables a team of distributed processes to keep replicated data 'consistent', despite concurrency, communication uncertainty, failures and recoveries. We investigate possible meanings for replicated data 'consistency' in timed asynchronous systems, subject to crash/performance process failures and omission/performance communication failures which may partition correct team members into isolated parallel groups. We propose three different replica consistency specifications: group agreement, majority agreement and strict agreement and give examples of atomic broadcast protocols that implement these specifications. The interface issues between the underlying membership services and the broadcast protocols that provide the above semantics are also addressed.
Congenital Deformities in Lambs, Calves, and Goats Resulting from Maternal Ingestion of Veratrum californicum; Hare Lip, Cleft Palate, Ataxia, and Hypoplasia of Metacarpal and Metatarsal Bones

(1972). Congenital Deformities in Lambs, Calves, and Goats Resulting from Maternal Ingestion of Veratrum californicum; Hare Lip, Cleft Palate, Ataxia, and Hypoplasia of Metacarpal and Metatarsal Bones. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 245-261.
Implementation of an Anti-Collision Differential-Offset Spread Spectrum RFID System

This paper offers a novel anti-collision solution by using the spread spectrum algorithm to solve the anti-collision problem and eliminates the need for a two-way communication link. The solution requires minimal hardware to accommodate multiple tags and is consequently low cost, low power and fast
Effect of Surfactant or Changes in Ionic Strength on the Attachment of Salmonella typhimurium to Poultry Skin and Muscle

By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) it was shown that fewer bacteria attached firmly to poultry muscle in the presence of NaCl. By conventional cultural techniques, it was also shown that Salmonella typhimurium attached in about the same numbers when chicken skin or muscle was immersed in cell suspensions prepared with 0.85% saline, 0.1% peptone, 0.5M or 0.05M KH2PO4 buffers at pH 5, 7, 8 or saline plus 1% Tween 80. Cells in deep crevices which formed in muscle during water immersion were not visible by SEM until the tissue was shredded, suggesting entrapment of bacteria. Such entrapped bacteria would be inaccessible to treatments that could prevent firm attachment of cells to poultry tissue.
Rapid Kinetic Analysis of EF-G-dependent mRNA Translocation in the Ribosome

Precise and coordinated movement of the tRNA –mRNA complex within the ribosome is a fundamental step during protein biosynthesis. The molecular mechanism for this process is still poorly understood. Here we describe a new sensitive method for monitoring elongation factor G-dependent translocation of the mRNA in the ribosome. In this method, the fluorescent probe pyrene is covalently attached to the 3 0 end of a short mRNA sequence at position þ 9. Translocation of the mRNA by one codon results in a significant decrease in the fluorescence emission of pyrene and can be used to directly monitor mRNA movement using rapid kinetic methods. Importantly, this method offers the flexibility of using any tRNA or tRNA analog in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of translocation. Our results show that the mRNA is translocated at the same rate as the tRNAs, which is consistent with the view that the movement of the tRNAs and the mRNA are coupled in the ribosome. Furthermore, an anticodon stem-loop analog of tRNA is translocated from the ribosomal A site at a rate constant that is 350-fold lower than peptidyl tRNA, indicating that the D stem, T stem and acceptor stem of A site tRNA contribute significantly to the rate of translocation. q 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
On Life Distributions Having Monotone Residual Variance

Launer [6] introduced the class of life distributions having decreasing (increasing) variance residual life, DVRL (IVRL). It is shown that the DVRL (IVRL) distributions are intimately connected to the behavior of the mean residual life function of the equilibrium distribution. Some counter examples are presented to demonstrate the lack of relationship between DVRL (IVRL) and NBUE (new better than used in expectation) (NWUE; new worse than used in expectation) distributions. Finally, we obtain bounds on moments and survival functions of DVRL (IVRL) distributions. These bounds turn out to be improvements on the previously known bounds for decreasing (increasing) mean residual life (DMRL (IMRL)) distributions.
Osteogenic Differentiation of Marrow Stromal Cells on Random and Aligned Electrospun Poly(l-lactide) Nanofibers

The fibrillar structure and sub-micron diameter of electrospun nanofibers can be used to reproduce the morphology and structure of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of fiber alignment on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells. Random and aligned poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanofibers were produced by collecting the spun fibers on a stationary plate and a rotating wheel, respectively, as the ground electrode. Morphology and alignment of the BMS cells seeded on the fibers were characterized by SEM. The effect of fiber orientation on osteogenic differentiation of BMS cells was determined by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity, calcium content, and mRNA expression levels of osteogenic markers. There was a strong correlation between the fiber and cell distributions for the random (p = 0.16) and aligned (p = 0.81) fibers. Percent deviation from ideal randomness (PDIR) values indicated that cells seeded on the random fibers (PDIR = 6.5%) were likely to be distributed randomly in all directions while cells seeded on the aligned fibers (PDIR = 86%) were highly likely to be aligned with the direction of fibers. BMS cell seeded on random and aligned fibers had similar cell count and ALPase activity with incubation time, but the calcium content on aligned fibers was significantly higher after 21 days compared to that of random fibers (p = 0.003). Osteopontin (OP) and osteocalcin (OC) expression levels of BMS cells on fibers increased with incubation time. However, there was no difference between the expression levels of OP and OC on aligned vs. random fibers. The results indicate that BMS cells aligned in the direction of PLLA fibers to form long cell extensions, and fiber orientation affected the extent of mineralization, but it had no effect on cell proliferation or mRNA expression of osteogenic markers.
Isolating metal-tolerant bacteria capable of removing copper, chromium, and arsenic from treated wood

Bioremediation of chromated copper arsenate-treated waste wood with one or more metal-tolerant bacteria is a potential method of naturally releasing metals from treated wood fibre. Sampling eight environments with elevated levels of copper, chromium, and arsenic resulted in the isolation of 28 bacteria with the capability of releasing one or more of the components from chromated copper arsenate-treated wood. The isolates represent 13 species of 8 different genera of soil-inhabiting bacteria. Three isolates, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus FN02, Aureobacterium esteroaromaticum VV03, and Klebsiella oxytoca CC08, were able to release 98% of the chromium, which is the most difficult component of chromated copper arsenate to remove from treated wood. Bacillus licheniformis CC01 released the highest percentage of copper, 93%, from treated wood. Eleven isolates, including Bacillus licheniformis CC01 and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus FN 02, released 44% to 48% of the arsenic.
Congenital Hepatic Arteriovenous Malformation: Sonographic Findings and Clinical Implications

Hepatic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare developmental vascular disorder characterized by direct arterial connection to a fistulous venous drainage system within the liver. The condition results in a high-flow, low-resistance shunt that can cause high-output cardiac failure and hydrops. Prenatal diagnosis is possible when sonography detects multiple engorged vascular channels in the fetal liver. Current treatment options include postnatal obliteration of the arterial feeder vessels by surgical ligation or percutaneous transcatheter embolization with detachable coils. The authors present a case of a prenatally diagnosed hepatic AVM complicated by fetal distress, high-output cardiac failure, and consumptive coagulopathy that had recanalization of feeder vessels noted two weeks after initial successful coil placement.
Moral Language and Networks of Engagement Service Learning and Civic Education

Central to the themes of much of the literature on the relationship between service learning and civic responsibility lies the question of whether the environments in which service-learning experie...
Inhibition of Smurf2 translation by miR-322/503 modulates TGF-β/Smad2 signaling and intestinal epithelial homeostasis

Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling and is implicated in a wide variety of cellular responses, but the exact mechanisms that control Smurf2 abundance are largely unknown. Here we identify microRNA-322 (miR-322) and miR-503 as novel factors that regulate Smurf2 expression posttranscriptionally. Both miR-322 and miR-503 interact with Smurf2 mRNA via its 3'-untranslated region (UTR) and repress Smurf2 translation but do not affect total Smurf2 mRNA levels. Studies using heterologous reporter constructs reveal a greater repressive effect of miR-322/503 through a single binding site in the Smurf2 3'-UTR, whereas point mutation of this site prevents miR-322/503-induced repression of Smurf2 translation. Increased levels of endogenous Smurf2 via antagonism of miR-322/503 inhibits TGF-β-induced Smad2 activation by increasing degradation of phosphorylated Smad2. Furthermore, the increase in Smurf2 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) expressing lower levels of miR-322/503 is associated with increased resistance to apoptosis, which is abolished by Smurf2 silencing. These findings indicate that miR-322/503 represses Smurf2 translation, in turn affecting intestinal epithelial homeostasis by altering TGF-β/Smad2 signaling and IEC apoptosis.
African American Women at Midlife: The Relationship between Spirituality and Life Satisfaction:

In this study, 147 African American women from six states were asked to complete the Adult Life Satisfaction Scale and the Black Women's Spirituality/Religiosity Measure (BWSRM), and in-depth interviews were conducted with 6 African American women. Although no significant difference was found among the ratings of life satisfaction and spirituality with respect to age or educational level, the women reported higher levels of religiosity than spirituality, which correlated significantly with life satisfaction. An analysis of a subscale of the BWSRM, however, found that the women reported significantly higher levels of spirituality than of religiosity. A moderate correlation was found between age and religiosity, and spirituality was found to be a critical variable that contributed to the life satisfaction of African American women at midlife regardless of age, income, or education.
Collaborative research for academic knowledge creation: How team characteristics, motivation, and processes influence research impact

Contending that collaboration management practices and interpersonal relationships are the main factors in successful collaboration in R&D, scholars have turned their attention to the relationships between collaborators. Internal factors in research collaboration activities are not yet understood at the team level. They are the so-called black box of collaboration study. The purpose of this paper is to empirically demonstrate how factors relating to team characteristics, motivation, and processes influence research impact. The study works from a multi-theoretical perspective, extending from behavioral science to general management study, and seeks to answer the question: How should we organize and manage a collaborative team to improve its research impact? The empirical results show that, along with previously identified qualitative and quantitative factors, input factors such as: project motivation, transformational leadership, frequent face-to-face communication, more outsourcing, more attentional resource, and more evenly distributed workload improve research impact.
Evaluating FTRE's for dependability measures in fault tolerant systems

In order to analyze dependability measures in a fault tolerant system, we generally consider a nonstate space or a state space type model. A fault tree with repeated events (FTRE's) presents an important strategy for the nonstate space model. The paper deals with a conservative assessment to complex fault tree models, henceforth called CRAFT, to obtain an approximate analysis of the FTRE's. It is a noncutset, direct, bottom-up approach. It uses failure probability or failure rate as input and determines a bound on the probability of occurrence of the TOP event. CRAFT generalizes the concept of a cutting heuristic that obtains the signal probabilities for testability measurement in logic circuits. The method is efficient and solves coherent and noncoherent FTRE's having AND, OR, XOR, and NOT gates. In addition, CRAFT considers M/N priority AND, and two types of functional dependency, namely OR and AND types. Examples such as the Cm* architecture and a fault-tolerant software based on recovery block concept are used to illustrate the approach. The paper also provides a comparison with approaches such as SHARPE, HARP, and FTC. >
Mixed-Resolution Monte Carlo: Application to Flexible Docking of the Estrogen Receptor

Computational docking seeks to identify the correct binding pose of a ligand to a receptor, but can be limited in effectiveness due to a lack of receptor flexibility for side chains and/or backbone in rapid screens. At the other extreme of fully flexible modeling, docking for multiple ligands may be impractical due to high computational cost. Here, we examine the effectiveness of a middle-way strategy: fully flexible mixed-resolution docking. Our Monte Carlo software models the ligand and binding site in full atomistic detail, coupled to a simplified but fully flexible representation of the remainder of the receptor. We study ligand docking to Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα), demonstrating that the software can readily resolve steric clashes from poor initial poses and blindly generate an ensemble containing the crystal pose with high probability at modest computational cost.
Molecular Evolution of the Testis TAFs of Drosophila

The basal transcription machinery is responsible for initiating transcription at core promoters. During metazoan evolution, its components have expanded in number and diversified to increase the complexity of transcriptional regulation in tissues and developmental stages. To explore the evolutionary events and forces underlying this diversification, we analyzed the evolution of the Drosophila testis TAFs (TBP-associated factors), paralogs of TAFs from the basal transcription factor TFIID that are essential for normal transcription during spermatogenesis of a large set of specific genes involved in terminal differentiation of male gametes. There are five testis-specific TAFs in Drosophila, each expressed only in primary spermatocytes and each a paralog of a different generally expressed TFIID subunit. An examination of the presence of paralogs across taxa as well as molecular clock dating indicates that all five testis TAFs likely arose within a span of approximately 38 My 63-250 Ma by independent duplication events from their generally expressed paralogs. Furthermore, the evolution of the testis TAFs has been rapid, with apparent further accelerations in multiple Drosophila lineages. Analysis of between-species divergence and intraspecies polymorphism indicates that the major forces of evolution on these genes have been reduced purifying selection, pervasive positive selection, and coevolution. Other genes that exhibit similar patterns of evolution in the Drosophila lineages are also characterized by enriched expression in the testis, suggesting that the pervasive positive selection acting on the tTAFs is likely to be related to their expression in the testis.
A VLSI-based digital multilayer neural network architecture

An architecture and a statistical model for a pulse-mode digital multilayer neural network (DMNN) are presented. The model uses simple logic gates as basic computing units. Modular design techniques lead to an extremely compact and flexible network architecture for VLSI implementation. An example network for character recognition and its performance are presented. >
Polymorphisms in the human DNA repair gene XPF

DNA sequence polymorphisms were sought in the coding region and at the exon-intron boundaries of the human XPF gene, which plays a role in nucleotide excision repair. Based on a survey of 38 individuals, we found six single nucleotide polymorphisms, one in the 5' non-coding region of the XPF gene, and five in the 2751 bp coding region. At each site, the frequency of the rarer allele varies from about 0.01 to over 0.38. Except for the 5' non-coding and one coding sequence polymorphism, the rarer alleles for the remaining four polymorphisms were found only in heterozygotes. Of the five polymorphisms in the coding region, one is silent, one results in a conserved amino acid difference, and the remaining three result in non-conserved amino acid differences. Because of its biological function in nucleotide excision repair, functionally significant XPF gene polymorphisms are candidates for influencing cancer susceptibility and overall genetic stability. Nucleotide sequence diversity estimates for XPF are similar to the lipoprotein lipase and beta-globin genes.
Excited Singlet State Absorption in Laser Dyes

The variety of organic “dyes” available to cover the spectrum and the broad tunability of each particular dye make the dye laser a versatile research tool. The ultimate utility of these lasers will depend in large measure upon the properties of the dyes available. Absorption by the relaxed lowest excited singlet state, that is, by the upper level of the laser transition, is one of the most important parameters determining the suitability of a molecule as a gain medium [1,2].
Heredity, environment, and educational policy.

Professor Cronbach accepts some but by no means all of Professor Jensen's empirical conclusions. In the following review he indicates some research that bears on their points of disagreement. Cronbach suggests that such distinctions as Jensen's dichotomy between "Level I" and "Level II" abilities over-simplify the many dimensions of individual differences, and he disagrees with the educational policy he feels is implied by Jensen's recommendations for education. Beyond this, Professor Cronbach poses a more basic question—"Intelligence for what?"—a question of the compatibility of current social aims of schooling with long range changes in our social and technological structure.
DNS of Turbulent Boundary Layers in the Quasi-Laminarization Process

In this investigation, Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of turbulent spatially developing boundary layers (SDBL) with prescribed Very Strong Favorable Pressure Gradients (VSFPG) are performed by means of the Dynamic Multi-scale Approach (DMA) developed by Araya et al. JFM, 670:518–605, 2011 [1]. Although the prescription of an external VSFPG significantly reduces turbulence production, the flow never becomes completely laminar due to the finite value of the streamwise Reynolds normal stress, and thus the flow is quasi-laminar. In this sense, the mean flow carries the footprint of turbulence, particularly in the streamwise direction of the Reynolds stresses. In addition, the vertical transports toward the wall of \(\overline{v'^{2+}}\) and \(\overline{uv'^{+}}\) practically disappear in the inner region and significantly decrease in the outer region of the boundary layer during the quasi-laminarization stage. As a consequence, the “communication” between inner and outer regions is seriously restricted.
The Role of Chemical Additives in Sol-Gel Processing

The effect of various concentrations of formamide with and without acid catalysis on TMOS derived silica sol and gel structures and physical properties is described using a quantitative structural model. The model is based upon 29Si NMR, SAXS, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, and an acid solubility test. Changes in chemical reactions during drying due to formamide are presented using FTIR, DSC and TGA data.
Toward a Theology of “Speaking in Tongues”

THE INCREASING frequency of the phenomenon of "speaking in tongues," in the Roman Catholic and other Christian denominations, challenges one to outline a "theology" of this spiritual gift. Morton Kelsey has made an important contribution in the field of psychology. However, while psychological investigations are valid and interesting, they can hardly throw adequate light on supernatural phenomena. One may compare 1 Cor 2:14-16: "The unspiritual man does not receive the gifts of the Spirit of God, for they are folly to him, and he is not able to understand them because they are spiritually discerned. The spiritual man judges all things, but is himself to be judged by no one. Tor who has known the mind of the Lord so as to instruct Him?' But we have the mind of Christ. The present essay will be approached purely from the biblical point of view. First, it might be useful to give a brief survey of representative exegetical expositions of the pertinent scriptural texts. After this we shall discuss "tongues" from (a) the individual's and (6) the community's point of view. It is becoming impossible to assemble all the articles relating to glossolalia. Our main interest, however lies in the fact that there is a general tendency among more recent exegetes to accept to some degree the validity of this spiritual experience, to interpret "tongues" as genuine languages uttered in nonecstatic state rather than "gibberish" in ecstatic or frenzied state.
DIGGING DEEPER: Bringing a Systems Approach to Food Systems: Issues of Scale

First paragraph: October 2011 marked the 30th anniversary of the establishment of the first food policy council in the U.S., in Knoxville, Tennessee. In the intervening year I have spent some time thinking about the trajectory of food policy councils (FPCs) over those decades. What's impressive is how active FPCs have been in addressing a wide range of policy topics across all sectors of the food system. The policies fall into different legal categories and funding mechanisms, and range from food production to food waste; from direct markets to large retail; from loans to plans. After three decades of FPC activity I find two things of particular interest about this phenomenon: first, the breadth of issues and the amount of human and economic resources going into the work of not only identifying policy changes but legislating and appropriating funds for them; and second, how much of this work is being done in isolation from similar undertakings around the country and even in the same state. It is the latter phenomenon that got me thinking about how to encourage more collaboration and efficiency in local or municipal FPC work. I decided that a useful way was to employ concepts that come from the world of systems thinking and analysis....