cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research Methods and Reporting Practices in Organization Development: A Review and Some Guidelines

A review of 65 organizational development studies employing “hard-criteria” measures reveals a clear trend toward more rigorous methods and designs, especially the use of quasi-experimental designs and sophisticated statistics. Still, the selection of comparison groups and the duration of measurement were often inadequate, and many descriptions of techniques and dependent variables were so vague that results are uninterpretable. A number of suggestions for improving reporting of organizational development research are presented.
Dryophyllum Debey ex Saporta, juglandaceous not fagaceous

Jones. J.H., Manchester, S.R and Dllcher, D.L., 1988. Dryophyllum Debey ex Saporta, juglandaceous not fagaceous. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 56: 205-211. Type specimens of Dryophyllum subcreta.ceum Debey ex Saporta 1868 from the Paleocene of France, representing the type species of Dryophyllum, have been reexamined. Although Dryophyllum has long been used for fossil leaves of supposed fagaceous affinities, the leaf architecture observed in the type specimens of D. subcretaceum indicates affinitles with the JugLandaceae and excludes it from the Fagaceae. The diagnoses of the genus and type species have therefore been emended. As revised, the name Dryophylll11n may be used for fossil leaflets with architecture similar to that of extant Pterocarya, Juglans, Cyclocarya. and Ca.rya.
Growth rate and rupture rate of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a population approach

Understanding aneurysm growth rate allows us to predict not only the current rupture risk, but also accumulated rupture risk in the future. However, determining growth rate of unruptured intracranial aneurysms often requires follow-up of patients for a long period of time so that significant growth can be observed and measured. We investigate a relationship between growth rate and rupture rate and develop a theoretical model that can predict average behavior of unruptured intracranial aneurysms based on existing clinical data. A mathematical model is developed that links growth rate and rupture rate. This model assumes a stable aneurysm size distribution so the number of aneurysm ruptures is balanced by the growth of aneurysms. Annual growth rates and growth profiles are calculated from a hypothetical size distribution and data from a previous clinical study. Our model predicts a growth rate of 0.34–1.63 mm/yr for three different growth models when the rupture rate at 10 mm is 1%. The growth rate is 0.56–0.65 mm/yr if annual rupture rate averaged over all aneurysm sizes is assumed to be 2%. The peak of aneurysm size distribution coincides with a period of slow growth between 5 mm and 8 mm. This mathematical model can be used to predict aneurysm growth rate, and the results are consistent with previous clinical studies. Predictions from both hypothetical and clinical cases agree very well. This model explains why some aneurysms may grow into a stable size and remain so without rupture.
Common-base intermodulation characteristics of advanced SiGe HBTs

Common-base (CB) linearity performance of insensitive to these various parameters. However, at high currents, these factors each play a significant role in determining overall CB linearity. We show that CB linearity performance of SiGe HBTs can be well-predicted by the standard VBIC model.
An Approach for Level 2/3 Fusion Technology Development in Urban/Asymmetric Scenarios

Asymmetric/urban warfare, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and dirty bombs are dominating over conventional warfare, and there is an urgent need to deal with them systematically. Effective strategies of thwarting terrorism continue to be the top priority for international communities. This paper presents a research approach for Situation Awareness and Threat/Impact Assessment strategies for a genre of UW problems. The approach is based on a formal domain ontology and a scenario authoring and simulation environment. A class of hybrid deductive (model-based) and inductive reasoning approaches are applied to the scenario simulation and performance evaluation studies are conducted. Such an approach can be used for training purposes as well as fusion technology development. An example will be presented.
Introduction to tobacco control supplement

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have recently gained significant attention in the marketplace and in the media. However, limited information is available about the worldwide impact of e-cigarettes; most public health officials are calling for more data so they can more fully understand the potential risks and benefits of e-cigarettes in order to inform regulatory action. In the USA, e-cigarettes that are marketed as tobacco products are not currently regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, having a continuum of nicotine-containing products that cross jurisdictional lines within the FDA in the future would create the potential (and the need) for a comprehensive nicotine strategy at the FDA. As part of developing the most appropriate approach to e-cigarette regulation, FDA Center for Tobacco Products scientists have been reviewing the available literature to determine the state of e-cigarette knowledge and have identified research areas that could be addressed. This supplement provides a summary of the current knowledge and research gaps pertaining to e-cigarettes with regards to product design, chemistry and toxicology of e-liquid and aerosol constituents, human factor-based risk factors, abuse liability, clinical pharmacology and human health effects, paediatric issues, and environmental issues.
Overexpression of Renin in the Collecting Duct Causes Elevated Blood Pressure

Background Renin is synthesized in the collecting duct and is regulated differently than renin in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. However, the physiological relevance of collecting duct renin remains unknown, particularly with regard to its ability to regulate blood pressure. Methods We used gene targeting to generate mice with overexpression of renin in the collecting duct. A conditional mutant mouse line was created with the mouse renin transcript distal to a "transcriptional stop sequence" such that gene expression only occurred when the stop sequence was excised. These mice were bred with mice transgenic for the aquaporin-2 promoter driving Cre recombinase in order to achieve collecting duct-specific overexpression of renin. Results RNA analysis confirmed kidney-specific recombination, and medullary renin mRNA levels were increased 5-fold in collecting duct renin mice. Blood pressure was recorded by telemetry and plasma and urine was collected in 24-hour metabolic cages on normal, high-, and low-Na+ diets. Although no significant differences in 24-hour urinary Na+ excretion between targeted and control mice were detected, renin overexpresser mice had elevated blood pressure compared with controls on a high-Na+ diet. Urinary renin excretion was 2-fold higher in targeted mice as compared with controls on normal and low-Na+ diets. Plasma renin concentration was significantly suppressed in targeted mice as compared with controls on normal and high-Na+ diets. Conclusion Taken together, these results suggest that collecting duct-derived renin has the potential to modulate blood pressure independent of the systemic renin-angiotensin system.
A standard error: distinguishing standard deviation from standard error.

A recent Perspective in Nature issued a call for more transparency in the reporting of preclinical research (1). Although this article focused primarily on experimental design, it emphasized the need for improved reporting in the scientific literature. Within the context of preclinical studies, there have been discussions regarding the appropriate reporting of standard error (SE) and standard deviation (SD) (2–5); however, despite the recommendations, opportunities remain to improve upon the reporting of these statistics in the literature. To first set the stage for the distinction between SD and SE, we start with the similarities. Both SD and SE measure variability or, informally, “spread.” As such, both statistics give a numerical summary of variability. Given this, how does one distinguish SE from SD? The distinction is that one summarizes the variability of data and the other describes the variability of …
Move into the Cloud, shall we?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the latest information on cloud computing in a library context.Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts an investigative approach including literature review and vendor‐provided information.Findings – Cloud computing is both a trend and technology to deliver software and hardware as a service, not as a product. It involves a centralized data center, virtual server space, and secure transfer of data over the internet. The alleged advantages of cloud computing include low cost to own (CTO), agile updates, openness, zero initial investment, just to name a few. Lately library system vendors have begun to deliver cloud computing options. For instance, Ex Libris will release Alma in early 2012. It is an Integrated Library System with a discovery layer based on cloud computing. Amazon (Elastic Compute Cloud called Amazon EC2) and other vendors also offer virtual servers for cloud computing and charge customers by hours, usage, and capacity. If this trend co...
Mary E. Switzer: The Entrepreneur Within the Federal Bureaucracy

Abstract. Mary E. Switzer (1901-1972), a federal civil servant from 1921 to 1970, had a career which provides a case study of entrepreneurship within a bureaucracy. At first a staffer in progressive era social agencies, she became an assistant to Josephine Roche, well known advocate of government social programs. At first Switzer opposed federal health programs, believing that centralization of control would harm them. Then she became an advocate of federal aid to the local communities and health enterprises, with decentralized control over research and health services. Taking over vocational rehabilitation, she harmonized private and public power and at least managed to make a rehabilitation approach to social problems the cornerstone of President Eisenhower's domestic social welfare program. But the rehabilitation approach failed when applied to unemployment and poverty in general.
I. International Law and Nuclear Weapons in Scottish Courts

Britain's Trident nuclear missile programme has long been politically controversial. In 1999, the controversy entered the judicial arena in Scotland, in two cases involving ‘direct action’ against Trident installations by anti-nuclear activists. In both cases, the actions were intended not as protests against Britain's nuclear-weapons policy, but rather as actual operations to disable the weapons themselves. The acts were, in other words, in the nature of acts of sabotage. Both incidents led to criminal prosecutions. In both cases, the accused parties sought to use international law as a defence. In both cases, the Appeal Court of the High Court of Justiciary—the highest court for criminal cases in Scotland—rejected the defence. In the process, however, the Appeal Court had occasion to expound upon some controversial points regarding nuclear weapons. Each of these cases will be discussed in turn.
In situ FTIR spectroscopic monitoring of electrochemically controlled organic reactions in a recycle reactor

An electrochemical cell coupled with a recycle loop through a transmission FTIR cell is employed in studies of two free radical organic reactions, the oxidation of allylic alcohols and the trifluoromethylation of heteroarenes. Rapid mixing through the recycle loop allows continuous monitoring of reaction progress. Electrochemical generation of free radicals allows their controlled mediation into the reaction mixture for more efficient reaction. Kinetic profiles provide mechanistic insight into reactions under electrochemical control.
Quantum dot lasers for silicon photonics [Invited]

We review recent advances in the field of quantum dot lasers on silicon. A summary of device performance, reliability, and comparison with similar quantum well lasers grown on silicon will be presented. We consider the possibility of scalable, low size, weight, and power nanolasers grown on silicon enabled by quantum dot active regions for future short-reach silicon photonics interconnects.
The Executive Budget Decision, in New York

Twenty years of discussion of budget procedure came to a conclusion with the decision of the Court of Appeals on November 19, 1929, in People of the State of New York v. Tremaine. This decision upheld the contention of Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt as to the powers of the executive in budget procedure, as provided for by Article 3a of the state constitution. The first chapter in the movement to improve financial procedure in the state was the passage in 1910 of a law which initiated a system requiring all requests for appropriations to be filed and tabulated for the use of the legislature and the governor in advance of the legislative session. Prior to this time, no attempt had been made to collect or compile the requests before the opening of the legislative session. This law of 1910 provided that on or before November 15 of each year each spending agency should file with the comptroller a detailed statement of all requests for appropriations to be made at the next session of the legislature. The requests were to be tabulated by the comptroller and then transmitted to the governor by December 15, and to the legislature on the opening day of the session. The next change in budget procedure occurred in 1913, when Governor Sulzer appointed a committee of inquiry to investigate the management of state departments and institutions with a view to securing greater economy and efficiency in public service.
Role of relaxin in stimulating mammary gland growth in mice.

Summary1) Using DNA as index of mammary gland lobule-alveolar growth in intact and castrate male mice, it was shown that daily injection of 0.75 μg estradiol benzoate and 2.5 GPU of relaxin for 10 days stimulated increases in DNA equal to that produced by the same level of estrogen and 0.75 mg progesterone. Therefore, relaxin no longer need be considered merely a synergist of estrogen and progesterone in mammary gland growth. 2) Estrogen and relaxin at above levels were without effect upon mammary alveolar growth in hypophysectomized mice. Relaxin, therefore, is not comparable to pituitary mammogen as a stimulator of mammary gland growth. 3) It is suggested estrogen and progesterone stimulate endogenous secretion of relaxin and relaxin, in turn, stimulates increased secretion of mammogen by the pituitary.
Uncertainty in Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from United States Coal

Coal is an abundant energy resource, consumed in the United States chiefly by the power generation sector. Due to potential energy security benefits, it has also been considered as an alternate source for gasoline and diesel production. Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies have previously estimated the greenhouse gas emissions associated with coal combustion as well as upstream activities such as mining and transport, to compare its environmental impact with other fuels. Until recent years, LCA studies predominantly ignored the uncertainty and variability inherent in life cycle assessment. More recent work has estimated the uncertainty in the life cycle inventories of fossil fuels, but the use of these uncertainty ranges to model system-wide impacts has been limited. As shown by previous studies, uncertainty often affects the conclusions of comparative life cycle assessments, especially when differences in average environmental impacts between two competing fuels/products are small. This study builds upon ...
Abstract 95: Formative Evaluation of the New Standardized Disease Management Protocol for Heart Failure: CHF QUERI

Formative Evaluation of the New Standardized Disease Management Protocol for Heart Failure: CHF QUERI Objectives: The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has been a leader in the use of telemedicine to monitor patients’ health status and self-care using Disease Management Protocols (DMPs) with 35,406 veterans enrolled in home-telehealth in fiscal year 2008. Such protocols have the potential to improve detection of disease exacerbation and to reduce duplication in healthcare resource use. Current technologies include in-home devices from four vendors at all VA facilities that ask the patient several daily questions regarding symptoms and vital signs. Based on the VA Office of Care Coordination’s strong desire for standardizing the type and number of questions asked of the heart failure patients, the VA Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) QUERI developed a standardized DMP for heart failure. After beta-testing it is being implemented by all 4 vendors at all VA facilities. We conducted a formative evaluation of this newly implemented DMP focusing on the frequency and type of patient and provider complaints regarding the new DMP. Method: A structured qualitative process was used to gather the data at 2 VA facilities. Using interview guides in-person semi-structured interviews were conducted with heart failure patients (n=41) currently enrolled in home-monitoring using the new DMP for heart failure. Simultaneously, data were also gathered from providers (telehealth coordinators, n=8) using the new DMP. All data were transcribed. A reflective exploration method was adopted to analyze the qualitative data. Quantitative data analyses relied on descriptive statistics. Results: Patients using the new DMP provided very positive feedback. Half of the patients reported being satisfied with the DMP. On most days 46% (n=19) patients spent 4-5 minutes responding to all questions and 85% responded at least 5 times a week to the questions asked by the device. Almost 100% of them found the questions and answer choices asked by the device easy to understand. These patients also found the questions helpful and relevant for their health condition and based on device 90% knew who to contact if their health condition worsened. Among the providers majority (75%) said the questions were good for screening and based on the questions patients knew who to contact if their health condition were to worsen. Most of them (84%) said their patients didn’t report having problems understanding the questions and choosing appropriate answers. They also said at least 75% of the patients responded to questions at least 5 times a week. Conclusions: These positive results from the formative evaluation of the new DMP for heart failure demonstrate that is a good standardized DMP which will yield good results to track the health of the heart failure patients. Implications: Formative evaluation is an essential component in the implementation of new protocols to relevance, feasibility and sustainability of program use.
A STUDY ON THE ACQUISITION OF POSSIBILITY COMPLEMENT BY THAI STUDENTS

Because of the special nature of its meaning,possibility complement makes a difficult point for foreign students.According to the statistical data from the compositions of Thai students,we have a conclusion that the acquisition of possibility complement takes longer time than result complement and directional complement,and shorter than quantity complement and degree complement.Compared with the acquisition of prepositional phrases as complements,the students perform better in their acquisition of the possibility complement in the primary stage than they do in the intermediate and advanced stage.The major error types and learning difficulties are disclosed through the statistical analysis of compositions and the questionnaires;then we give the causes on the basis of the comparison between Thai language and Chinese and propose some teaching strategies.
Practical Urodynamics in Children

Urodynamics is an important tool in the urologic management of children with neurogenic bladder, congenital uropathies, and refractory incontinence. Children present unique challenges due to their variation in size, pathology, and frequent inability to cooperate with all portions of the study. Understanding these challenges and creating a child-friendly environment can help produce studies that adequately assess detrusor and sphincter function during filling and voiding. Children with neural tube defects, specifically myelomeningocele, make up a large proportion of pediatric urodynamic studies. Other common indications include other disorders associated with neurogenic bladder, posterior urethral valves, bladder exstrophy, and non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction.
Designing Industrial Networks Using Ecological Food Web Metrics.

Biologically Inspired Design (biomimicry) and Industrial Ecology both look to natural systems to enhance the sustainability and performance of engineered products, systems and industries. Bioinspired design (BID) traditionally has focused on a unit operation and single product level. In contrast, this paper describes how principles of network organization derived from analysis of ecosystem properties can be applied to industrial system networks. Specifically, this paper examines the applicability of particular food web matrix properties as design rules for economically and biologically sustainable industrial networks, using an optimization model developed for a carpet recycling network. Carpet recycling network designs based on traditional cost and emissions based optimization are compared to designs obtained using optimizations based solely on ecological food web metrics. The analysis suggests that networks optimized using food web metrics also were superior from a traditional cost and emissions perspect...
Introduction: Women and Work

(1975). Introduction: Women and Work. International Journal of Sociology: Vol. 5, Women and Work, pp. 3-13.
The disc-jet symbiosis emerges: Modelling the emission of Sagittarius A* with electron thermodynamics

We calculate the radiative properties of Sagittarius A* -- spectral energy distribution, variability, and radio-infrared images -- using the first 3D, physically motivated black hole accretion models that directly evolve the electron thermodynamics in general relativistic MHD simulations. These models reproduce the coupled disc-jet structure for the emission favored by previous phenomenological analytic and numerical works. More specifically, we find that the low frequency radio emission is dominated by emission from a polar outflow while the emission above 100 GHz is dominated by the inner region of the accretion disc. The latter produces time variable near infrared (NIR) and X-ray emission, with frequent flaring events (including IR flares without corresponding X-ray flares and IR flares with weak X-ray flares). The photon ring is clearly visible at 230 GHz and 2 microns, which is encouraging for future horizon-scale observations. We also show that anisotropic electron thermal conduction along magnetic field lines has a negligible effect on the radiative properties of our model. We conclude by noting limitations of our current generation of first-principles models, particularly that the outflow is closer to adiabatic than isothermal and thus underpredicts the low frequency radio emission.
Sensory feedback from the urethra evokes state‐dependent lower urinary tract reflexes in rat

Key points The lower urinary tract is regulated by reflexes responsible for maintaining continence and producing efficient voiding. It is unclear how sensory information from the bladder and urethra engages differential, state-dependent reflexes to either maintain continence or promote voiding. Using a new in vivo experimental approach, we quantified how sensory information from the bladder and urethra are integrated to switch reflex responses to urethral sensory feedback from maintaining continence to producing voiding. The results demonstrate how sensory information regulates state-dependent reflexes in the lower urinary tract and contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of urinary retention and incontinence where sensory feedback may engage these reflexes inappropriately. Abstract Lower urinary tract reflexes are mediated by peripheral afferents from the bladder (primarily in the pelvic nerve) and the urethra (in the pudendal and pelvic nerves) to maintain continence or initiate micturition. If fluid enters the urethra at low bladder volumes, reflexes relax the bladder and evoke external urethral sphincter (EUS) contraction (guarding reflex) to maintain continence. Conversely, urethral flow at high bladder volumes, excites the bladder (micturition reflex) and relaxes the EUS (augmenting reflex). We conducted measurements in a urethane-anaesthetized in vivo rat preparation to characterize systematically the reflexes evoked by fluid flow through the urethra. We used a novel preparation to manipulate sensory feedback from the bladder and urethra independently by controlling bladder volume and urethral flow. We found a distinct bladder volume threshold (74% of bladder capacity) above which flow-evoked bladder contractions were 252% larger and evoked phasic EUS activation 2.6 times as often as responses below threshold, clearly demonstrating a discrete transition between continence (guarding) and micturition (augmenting) reflexes. Below this threshold urethral flow evoked tonic EUS activity, indicative of the guarding reflex, that was proportional to the urethral flow rate. These results demonstrate the complementary roles of sensory feedback from the bladder and urethra in regulating reflexes in the lower urinary tract that depend on the state of the bladder. Understanding the neural control of functional reflexes and how they are mediated by sensory information in the bladder and urethra will open new opportunities, especially in neuromodulation, to treat pathologies of the lower urinary tract.
Cosmology and Accelerator Tests of Strongly Interacting Dark Matter

A natural possibility for dark matter is that it is composed of the stable pions of a QCD-like hidden sector. Existing literature largely assumes that pion self-interactions alone control the early universe cosmology. We point out that processes involving vector mesons typically dominate the physics of dark matter freeze-out and significantly widen the viable mass range for these models. The vector mesons also give rise to striking signals at accelerators. For example, in most of the cosmologically favored parameter space, the vector mesons are naturally long-lived and produce standard model particles in their decays. Electron and proton beam fixed-target experiments such as HPS, SeaQuest, and LDMX can exploit these signals to explore much of the viable parameter space. We also comment on dark matter decay inherent in a large class of previously considered models and explain how to ensure dark matter stability.
The Challenges of Contrasting Interactional Lexical Layers of Slavic Cultural Identities

The present paper points to the challenges in contrasting interactional lexical layers of Slavic languages using the datasets of Slavic loanword dictionaries. Three main challenges comprise sampling bias, language labeling bias, and field labeling bias. In order to partially mitigate these challenges, the author proposes the deployment of the generality index, metalanguage presence index, metafield presence index, and metafield profiling index. All these indices measure quantities relative to one another at one or more metalevels, which partially eliminates the challenges stemming from the tendency of the dictionary compilers to follow different strategies in selecting materials, and labeling languages and fields. The deployment of the proposed indices was demonstrated in contrasting Klajn and Sipka (2006), a Serbian (de facto Serbo-Croatian) loanword dictionary with Egorova (2014), a Russian loanword dictionary. The analysis has demonstrated the usefulness of the indices in confirming that the general structure of the loanwords is in large part shared between the two languages (despite superficial differences) and that some minor differences stem from different socio-historical circumstances of the two languages. It is important to realize that the solutions proposed in this paper only partially mitigate the challenges of working with the existing datasets. A durable solution would be the development of the guidelines for Slavic dictionaries of this kind. Contrasting two dictionaries compiled using the same set of guidelines would enable much less limited exploration of differences and similarities at all levels.
Funding a patient education collection.

In an effort to provide specifically for patients and their families, one reference librarian developed strategies that linked the academic library with a local public library. These strategies were needed to develop delivery system that would benefit not only the patients and their families but also the reference librarians
Materially Blessed are the Middle Classes, for They are Virtuous: A Review Essay on Deirdre McCloskey’s Bourgeois Trilogy:

This essay reviews Deirdre McCloskey’s trilogy in political economy: Bourgeois Virtues, Bourgeois Dignity, and Bourgeois Equality. In this trilogy McCloskey seeks to reestablish the ethical, histor...
Enfranchising Your Own? Experimental Evidence on Bureaucrat Diversity and Election Bias in India

This paper investigates the effects of polling station administrator diversity on elections in India, using a natural experiment: the random assignment of government officials to teams managing stations on election day, together with surveys conducted with voters and election officers. I demonstrate that changes in the religious and caste composition of officer teams impact voting at the polling station level, causing shifts in coalition vote shares large enough to influence election outcomes. Effects are strongest when officers have greater discretion over the voting process. I also provide evidence suggesting own-group favoritism by election personnel as one relevant mechanism.
Autonomous UAV forced graffiti detection and removal system based on machine learning

This paper proposes a smart graffiti clean-up system based on an autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platform. This smart clean system is based on edge detection and machine learning algorithms to realize the detection and tracking of graffiti image in real time. In Graffiti detection, we aim to build a model to detect graffiti on walls which can help navigate the UAV to the correct coordinate and estimate the area of the graffiti. The data set which contain graffiti images are trained using machine learning techniques which will be used for the detections of the graffiti patterns. This will automate the process of detecting the location of the graffiti based on the edge detection technique and the model will be able to estimate the area of the graffiti. To achieve obstacle detection, and collision, a smart navigation approach is also proposed with the help of LiDAR and external camera. The overall graffiti cleanup system contains hardware and software that allow the user to use spray enamel with the reach and scale of an autonomous UAV.
The organization of lateral somatosensory cortex in primates and other mammals

The organization of lateral somatosensory cortex has been described for several primates including Old World, and New World simians as well as prosimians. While descriptions of SII for New World monkeys and prosimians are consistent, those for Old World macaque monkeys vary considerably. However, all data conform to the proposal that at least two mirror symmetric representations reside in the area traditionally considered as a single field. These include the second somatosensory area, S11, and the parietal ventral area, PV. Discrepancies in the descriptions of SII in primates, as well as non primate mammals may be the result of the two fields being confused. Because of the ubiquity of SII and PV in all mammals, it is proposed that these areas are part of a basic plan of somatosensory processing. The addition of new fields, such as VS, Ri, and 7b in the line which led to extant primates, may account for the increase in dexterity, bilateral coordination of the hands, and tactile recognition abilities that characterize primates.
Kinematics and the special theory of relativity

Consistent use of the principles of classical kinematics leads to interesting theorems, connecting the coefficients of linear transformations between systems of inertia. Differential equations expressing such connections diminish the number of independent postulates required for the establishment of the Lorentz group.
The prevention of child and adolescent violence: A review

Violence among youth in the United States has surged in the past two decades. Numerous treatment programs exist to help treat the after-effects of violence, but by comparison, too few attempts are made to prevent violence from occuring. Primary and secondary violence prevention programs from the past 20 years have shown promising preliminary results. In general, secondary prevention efforts, or interventions with youth at-risk have shown more promise than primary prevention efforts, or intervention for the general population of youth. Furthermore, secondary prevention efforts tend to be more experimental in nature and effect sizes or clinical significance are reported more often when results are analyzed. Although numerous theories exist on the cause of violence among youth, no one theoretical stance appears to be dominant in terms of efficacy for prevention programs. Prevention research needs to be more rigorous and scientific in nature if it is to make any lasting impact on the types of interventions that will continue. A concerted effort on the part of federal and state-funded agencies needs to be made so that violence prevention work can become less redundant and more effective.
The Myriad Minded Mothers and Disturbed Daughters in Shashi Deshpande’s 'The Binding Vine'

The present paper pervades through the concept of motherhood and mother-daughter relationship in Shashi Deshpande’s 'The Binding Vine.' The five mother-daughter pairs include Inni and Urmila, Mira’s mother and Mira, Shakutai and Kalpana, Akka and Vanaa, Vanaa and Mandira. Each one of them makes their appearance with all their idiosyncrasies and their relationship is based on some sort of distorted convictions. The unfortunate circumstance that props up is that they fail to comprehend each other and continue to survive in their own worlds. The women in this novel are brushed aside by the myriad bitter aspects of reality, but they carry on with life as a consequence of the bounce of being and glimmering hope.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α regulation of myeloid cells

Hematopoietic myeloblasts give rise to macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Circulating myeloid cells detect invading microbes using pattern recognition receptors and subsequently orchestrate an innate immune response to contain and kill the pathogens. This innate immune response establishes an inflammatory niche characterized by hypoxia due to host and pathogen factors. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors are the primary regulators of the myeloid response to hypoxia. In particular, HIF-1α is a critical hub that integrates hypoxic and immunogenic signals during infection or inflammation. Hypoxia induces HIF-1α stabilization, which drives metabolic and phenotypic reprogramming of myeloid cells to maximize antimicrobial potential. HIF-1α activity in myeloid-derived cells enhances the host response to infection, but may also play a role in pathogenic inflammatory processes, such as atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize recent advances that have elucidated the mechanism by which myeloid cells regulate HIF-1α activity and, in turn, how HIF-1α shapes myeloid cell function.
Accuracy of commercial electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) temperature control technology.

Objectives For electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also commonly called e-cigarettes, coil temperature is a factor in the potential production of toxic chemical constituents. However, data are lacking regarding the temperatures that are achieved in the latest generation of these devices. Fourth-generation ENDS are capable of producing heating coil temperatures well above e-liquid boiling points, and allow the user to monitor and set the heating coil temperature during a puff. In this study, we evaluate the accuracy and consistency of the temperature measurement and control settings for different brands of fourth-generation ENDS. Methods A study was performed using three commercially available, fourth-generation ENDS. The atomizer coil temperatures were obtained from the device (using the EScribe software) reading and from thermocouples attached to the coils during simulated puffing conditions. In addition, aerosol temperatures were measured inside the atomizer and at the mouthpiece. Results Measured temperatures varied widely across samples taken from the same brand. For example, thermocouple measurements for one unit were 40 Celsius (°C) below the 300 °C set point, while another unit of the same brand exceeded the set point by more than 100 °C. We observed a significant variation in temperature (approximately 100 °C) along the length of the coil in some cases. Conclusions The possibility of wide temperature variation across ENDS samples, as well as variations between maximum coil temperatures and internal temperature readings, may have implications for studies that seek to determine correlations between coil temperature and toxin generation.
MDNet: Multi-Patch Dense Network for Coral Classification

Classifying coral species from visual data is a challenging task due to significant intra-species variation, high interspecies similarity, inconsistent underwater image clarity, and high dataset imbalance. In addition, point annotation, the labeling method used for coral reef images by marine biologists, is prone to mislabeling. Point annotation also makes existing datasets incompatible with state-of-the-art classification methods which use the bounding box annotation technique. In this paper, we present a novel end-to-end Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture, Multi-Patch Dense Network (MDNet) that can learn to classify coral species from point annotated visual data. The proposed approach utilizes patches of different scale centered on point annotated objects. Furthermore, MDNet utilizes dense connectivity among layers to reduce over-fitting on imbalanced datasets. Experimental results on the Moorea Labeled Coral (MLC) benchmark dataset are presented. The proposed MDNet achieves higher accuracy and average class precision than the state-of-the-art approaches.
Don't Shut Up: Why Teachers Must Defend the First Amendment in Secondary Schools

Don’t Shut Up: Why Teachers Must Defend the First Amendment in Secondary Schools Abstract Several recent judicial decisions and numerous reports from scholars, educators, legal experts, journalists, and advocacy groups suggest that the First Amendment protection of freedom of expression is being unconstitutionally abridged in American universities and secondary schools. Freedom of expression for university and secondary school students is essential to securing individual rights, protecting liberty, enhancing civic participation, and is a safeguard against government infringement on freedom of thought and expression. The First Amendment, along with other rights enshrined in the Bill of Rights, is the crucial underpinning of a pluralistic democracy. However, many universities and secondary schools have sought to restrict freedom of expression by establishing speech codes, safe zones, and institutional policies that prohibit and punish speech that is deemed controversial, hateful, radical, or offensive. These speech codes are designed to foster tolerance, respect, and sensitivity for individuals and groups; while this is a worthy goal, it must be achieved without violating the First Amendment. Teachers must resist unconstitutional attempts at censorship and instruct their students that the primary purpose of the First Amendment is to protect controversial, offensive, and radical speech. This article will examine the attacks on free speech and discuss how teachers can defend the First Amendment.
Loud, Gray, and Arbitrary - The Compounding Trauma of Detention for Asylum Seekers.

Loud, Gray, and Arbitrary A New Jersey detention center houses asylum seekers who have fled persecution in their home countries. Even the U.S. physician who comes to examine them must tread careful...
West African Dance and Spiritual Well-Being for African Americans

Through autobiographical writing and ethnographic observation, this study highlights the life experience and educational activism of Jeanette “Adama Jewel” Jackson, founder and director of African Soul International, a non-profit organization based in Los Angeles. The chapter exemplifies how, for African Americans, African dance can be a critical practice of resistance, self-affirmation, and vital cultural recovery. The authors align with the premise of African dance scholar Thomas DeFrantz that rhythm and dance are a tangible hallmark of an African retention of heritage and spirituality that can afford a positive sense of identity. Fundamentally, the study highlights West African dance as a practice of spiritual well-being.
The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the Arts: Collaboration Among Faculty and Students

Faculty from CVPA discuss how to blend undergraduate creative activity with inquiry procedures that evoke deep learning, synthesis of theory and practice, and student engagement. As collaborators in the artistic endeavor, instructors learn from their students also. In the arts, creative activity is faculty research and students are their academic partners. The panelists describe how they worked with students to balance creative and critical engagement to foster intensive learning in their classrooms.
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Sibling Relationships: Exploring Implications for Intervention Using a Family Systems Framework.

Purpose There is currently a very limited scope of research in the field of speech-language pathology on sibling involvement in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Princi...
In response to: an opposing point of view on the obesity paradox.

We read with interest the comments and criticisms by the author/s [1] on our recent paper [2]. Reading through the paper, we find more points of agreement than disagreement. We both agree that obes...
Nanocellulose applications in sustainable electrochemical and piezoelectric systems: A review

Recent studies advocate the use of cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) as a sustainable carbohydrate polymer in numerous innovative electronics for their quintessential features such as flexibility, low thermal expansion and self-/directed assembly within multiphase matrices. Herein, we review the contemporary advances in CN-built electrochemical systems and highlight the constructive effects of these nanoscopic entities once engineered in conductive composites, proton exchange membranes (PEMs), electrochromics, energy storage devices and piezoelectric sensors. The adopted strategies and designs are discussed in view of CN roles as copolymer, electrolyte reservoir, binder and separator. Finally, physiochemical attributes and durability of resulting architectures are compared to conventional materials and the possible challenges/solutions are delineated to realize the promising capabilities. The volume of the up-to-present literature in the field indeed implies to nanocellulose overriding importance and the presented angles perhaps shed more lights on prospect of the biosphere's most dominant biomaterial in the energy-related arena that deserve attention.
Atmospheric mixed layer convergence from observed MJO sea surface temperature anomalies

ABSTRACTThe Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) dominates tropical weather on intraseasonal 30–90-day time scales, yet mechanisms for its generation, maintenance, and propagation remain unclear. Althou...
Rescattering nonsequential ionization of Ne 3 + , Ne 4 + , Ne 5 + , Kr 5 + , Kr 6 + , Kr 7 + , and Kr 8 + in a strong, ultraviolet, ultrashort laser pulse

The ionization of Ne and Kr at 400 nm has been measured from 10${}^{13}$ to 10${}^{17}$ W/cm${}^{2}$ for charge states up to Kr${}^{8+}$. Nonsequential ionization is seen in the higher charge states Ne${}^{3+}$, Ne${}^{4+}$, Ne${}^{5+}$, Kr${}^{5+}$, Kr${}^{6+}$, Kr${}^{7+}$, and Kr${}^{8+}$ when the atomic response to the increasing external field strength moves from multiphoton to tunneling. A similar development in nonsequential ionization is seen in a semiclassical model and an empirical model of rescattering. The models show that nonsequential ionization not apparent in lower charge states can become prominent for higher charge states. It is possible to generalize these results and predict optimal wavelengths for multielectron excitation via nonsequential ionization. The findings indicate that ultraviolet to vacuum ultraviolet wavelengths can give the largest recollision for higher charge states.
Minimal Energy in the Hypersingular Case

A fundamental result of the potential theory described in Theorem 4.2.2 asserts that for any infinite compact set A and lower semicontinuous kernel K on \(A\times A\), the N-point minimal K-energy satisfies.
Community hospital experience in the emergency management of COVID-19: Preventing morbidity and preserving resources

Abstract An incredible amount of information has been published regarding inpatient management of patients with COVID-19 Although this is vitally important, critical interventions that occur in the emergency department (ED) can have a profound impact on the individual patient and the healthcare system as a whole Much has been written regarding care in large centers, but there has been little discussion regarding similar patients in community settings Prior to the pandemic, large centers were able to accept patients that outstripped the resources in community hospital settings, but currently we foresee that many community centers will begin to manage more complex cases without referral As physicians in a medium-sized community academic center, we aim to enumerate community-hospital-relevant guidance for ED care that focuses on adherence to available evidence-based medicine, including early aggressive supplemental oxygenation, awake proning, and methods to improve oxygenation and ultimately delay intubation as long as safely possible Equally importantly, it was recognized early that adjustments to medication regimens (eg, sedation) and personal protective equipment (PPE) use must be made in the ED to conserve those same resources for long-term use in inpatient units and improve the functionality of the hospital system as a whole It is our hope that this article may serve as a framework for similar community-based hospitals to create their own protocols to optimize resource utilization, staff safety, and patient care