cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship between BL Lacertae objects and other types of active and normal galaxies and quasi-stellar objects

The term “blazar” unifies BL Lacertae objects and optically violently variable QSOs in the sense that the central continuum-emitting regions have the same characteristics in both types of objects. It is suggested that the OVV QSOs are the high luminosity blazars, while the BL Lac objects are the much more numerous low luminosity ones. Studies of the OVV QSO 3C 446 indicate that the gas in its line-emitting region is being ionized by the relativistically-beamed continuum, and it is suggested that a similar phenomenon may be taking place in many non-blazar QSOs and radio galaxies.
“I don’t know a lot of rude words”: Herbst, Paretsky, and Grafton’s Struggle to Master the Tough Guy Voice

Abstract The proletarian literature of the 1930s and traditional 1930s era hard-boiled detective fiction are literary siblings. Both genres came of age in popular publications. Both genres deal with establishing order. Both genres use the “tough guy” voice. This voice was a no-nonsense powerful tool used to highlight the gritty realism of blue collar life. This style of writing quickly became a central component for both genres. Embedded in the term “tough guy voice” is masculine identity. This is the voice for the active underdog male hero. Writing in genres for women is an on-going challenge given the expectation of gender implied in the narrative voice. For the contemporary feminist hard-boiled detective and the 1930’s women proletarian protagonist to be taken seriously in their respective tough guy genres, they must show the same verbal acumen as the male characters who built the genres. At the core of each genre, the expectation that tough guys remain tough guys is an issue that stretches beyond the time frame of 1930s and 1940s to contemporary iterations of the genres. The gendered transition from male protagonist to female protagonist requires authors like Josephine Herbst, Sara Paretsky, and Sue Grafton to engage in a series of dynamic manipulations verbal and textual manipulations. Both sets of authors created protagonists that faced the threat of being dismissed due to their gender, traditional family roles, and conflicts with authority. The authors dealt with these threats using very similar strategies, to varying levels of success. Paretsky and Grafton’s heroines win verbal battles by showing mastery of the voice and the other voices in the texts. At the core of this struggle is the protagonists’ ability to maintain the power of professing.
Differences in the Classroom Behaviors of Behaviorally Disordered and Regular Class Children.

The regular classroom behaviors of behaviorally disordered and regular class third, fourth, and fifth grade males were observed. An average of 80 minutes of direct classroom observational data were taken on each child. Multiple regression and discriminant analysis procedures were used to determine which behaviors best differentiated among the behaviorally disordered and regular class children. A multiple regression procedure revealed 10 behaviors that accounted for 81.35% of the variance in group membership (Social Interaction Teacher, Directions, Out-of-seat, Teacher Group Approach Schoolwork, Approvals, Disapprovals, Schoolwork, Raise-hand, Teacher Group Approach Other Activity, Call-out). Separate discriminant analyses were run on the child behaviors, teacher behaviors, and the child and teacher behaviors combined. Only the child behaviors and the child and teacher behaviors combined produced significant results. No teacher behaviors by themselves were obtained which differentiated between the two grou...
“I’m just as Rock ’n’ Roll fan” : Popular music as a meaning resource for aging

Critics and fans alike have traditionally viewed popular music, especially in terms of its rock‘n’roll iterations, as a meaning resource for youth navigating through adolescence. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relevance of popular music for self-identity through middle age and beyond. The theoretical basis for this exploration is a composite of ideas from existential social thought and symbolic interactionist views on aging. Existential social thought tells us that the process of self-development is constant throughout life. What changes are life circumstances, the biological and affective aging process, reassessment of the past, and strategic relationships with others. The “baby boomer” generation was the first western generation to grow up entirely in the world of rock ’n’ roll music and culture, and many baby boomers experienced rock ’n’ roll as a master script for life. Therefore, this highly self-integrated cultural resource, enhanced by the power of the mass media, remains central to the self-identity of many baby boomers as they approach old age. The author investigates the variety of ways aging baby boomers keep rock ’n’roll in their lives, with a pervasive interest in the authenticity of their music. Examples include the purchase and display of satellite radio and other status-enhancing technology; the use of rock ’n’ roll music to nurture romance and intimacy; appreciation for pop music at religious services and during spiritual experiences; the use of rock ’n’ roll to make sense of political issues, and grandparenting-through-Hannah Montana. Keywords: Popular music; Aging; Self-identity; “Baby boomers”; Adult socialization
Phonetic recognition using hidden Markov models and maximum mutual information training

The application of maximum-mutual-information (MMI) training to hidden Markov models (HMMs) is studied for phonetic recognition. MMI training has been proposed as an alternative to standard maximum-likelihood (ML) training. In practice, MMI training performs better (produces models that are more accurate) than ML training. The fundamental notions of HMM, ML and MMI training are reviewed, and it is shown how MMI training can be applied easily to the case of phonetic models and phonetic recognition. Some computational heuristics are proposed to implement these computations practically. Some experiments (training and recognition) are detailed that show that the phonetic error rate decreases significantly when MMI training is used, as compared with ML training. >
An In Vitro Digestion/Caco-2 Cell Culture System Accurately Predicts the Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Polyphenolic Compounds on Iron Bioavailability in Humans

We developed a rapid in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model for assessing relative bioavailabilities of iron in foods and meals. The objective of the present study was to determine how closely our Caco-2 model reflects the human response. Meals described in published reports of studies on effects of varying levels of ascorbic acid (AA) and tannic acid (TA) on iron absorption by human subjects were carefully replicated. Iron absorption ratios (iron absorption from meals containing AA or TA divided by iron absorption from identical meals without these enhancers or inhibitors) were determined using the Caco-2 model. Ferritin formation by the Caco-2 cells was used as an indicator of iron absorption. Response patterns of effects of AA and TA on absorption ratios (AR) calculated from Caco-2 and human data were very similar: AA increased ARs in a dose-response manner and TAs decreased AR. The natural logs of the ARs determined in Caco-2 and human studies were correlated: R = 0.935 (P = 0.012) and 0.927 (P = 0.007) for AA and TA, respectively. When results from meals with AA and TA were pooled, a linear relation between the natural logs of ARs from Caco-2 and human studies was observed (R = 0.968, P < 0.001). We conclude that our Caco-2 model accurately predicts the human response to AA and TA in the meals we tested. If future work reproduces the precision and accuracy shown in this paper for predicting iron bioavailability to humans, then the implications for saving time and resources in iron bioavailability measurements are considerable.
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Shiga Toxin–O157:H7–Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

The hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy that occurs in about 15% of children infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and in an unknown fraction of cases after infection with other Shiga toxin (Stx)–producing Escherichia coli (STEC). HUS is characterized by nonimmune
Approximation of effective dielectric constant for FSS in layered dielectrics using conformal mapping

A technique for calculating the effective dielectric constant for a square loop FSS located in a layered dielectric structure was developed using conformal mapping techniques. This was accomplished by approximating the FSS as a set of two coplanar strips, for which a conformal map already exists. This method yields results comparable to those found through simulation, while having a shorter computation time. Furthermore, this method can be used for arbitrary square loop FSS designs and layered dielectric structures.
A study in binocular flicker.

If both eyes are subjected to flickering stimuli of equal luminance and frequency, the critical fusion frequency is usually somewhat higher when the stimuli are in the same phase than when they are in the opposite phase. The difference in fusion frequency for the two cases is herein termed the Sherrington effect after its discoverer. Apparatus for measuring this effect is described in the present paper. It was found that, for a 2° visual field and dark surround, the Sherrington effect was proportional to the mean critical frequency for the two eyes as the field luminance was varied, being about 8 percent of it for the present observer. At constant field luminance, the effect approached zero as the field angle approached zero but was approximately constant for angles greater than 2°. The mean monocular fusion frequency for seven observers was below the simultaneous (in-phase) binocular frequency, and for a 0.25° field it was even below the alternate (out-of-phase) frequency; for three observers, it was below the alternate frequency for a 2° field. The present data appear to be inadequate to serve as a basis for deciding between alternative explanations of the phenomena.
Relative prestige of criminal justice doctoral programs

Abstract Organizational sets are made up of organizations with interchangeable personnel, important activity common to members, and a prestige order. The prestige order in other academic disciplines has been identified, and the survey reported here was an attempt to provide some preliminary information on the prestige order among criminal justice doctoral programs. A survey of a sample of Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences members and other criminal justice educators revealed several programs consistently receiving high ratings. These programs are likely to have a substantial influence on the development of criminal justice graduate education by providing models for graduate programs, personnel to staff criminal justice programs, and establishing the standards by which quality education will be defined. In addition, the importance of a list of characteristics pertaining to quality education was examined, and library resources and several faculty attributes emerged as those perceived as most important for quality doctoral education in criminal justice.
Increasing incidence and importance of HIV/AIDS and gonorrhea among men aged >/= 50 years in the US in the era of erectile dysfunction therapy.

Objective: With the advent of effective pharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction, the risk of sexually transmitted diseases is a possible consequence, especially in the older population. We wanted ...
Synthesis and physical properties of Na/sub x/Co/sub 2/O/sub 4/ single crystals

The thermopower, resistivity and thermal conductivity of NaCo/sub 2/O/sub 4/ single crystals which were grown by typical NaCl flux method were measured by our custom designed systems. A novel low temperature flux method where NaCl/NaOH was used as flux and metallic Co powders as Co source was developed to successfully synthesize Na-deficient Na/sub x/Co/sub 2/O/sub 4/ crystals with size up to 6 mm at low temperature of 550/spl deg/C. The different behavior in resistivity of the crystals grown via low temperature flux method revealed there exist two different types of crystals, one is metallic and another is semiconducting. Measurements on the compact pellet of crystals which were pressed under pressure and temperature revealed the semiconducting resistivity behavior, where energy gap E/sub g/ was found to be 0.09-0.3 eV. The heat capacity and Debye temperature of single crystals are also discussed.
Results for primary bypass versus primary angioplasty/stent for intermittent claudication due to superficial femoral artery occlusive disease.

Background Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ± stent (PTA/S) and surgical bypass are both accepted treatments for claudication due to superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusive disease. However, long-term results comparing these modalities for primary intervention in patients who have had no prior intervention have not been reported. We report our results with 3-year follow-up. Methods We reviewed all lower extremity bypass procedures at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center from 2001 through 2009 and all PTA/S performed from 2005 through 2009 for claudication. We excluded all limb salvage procedures and included only those that were undergoing their first intervention for claudication due to SFA disease. We recorded patient demographics, comorbidities, perioperative medications, TASC classification, and runoff. Outcomes included complications, restenosis, symptom recurrence, reinterventions, major amputation, and mortality. Results We identified 113 bypass grafts and 105 PTA/S of femoral-popliteal lesions without prior interventions. Bypasses were above the knee in 62% (45% vein) and below the knee in 38% (100% vein). Mean age was 63 (bypass) versus 69 (PTA/S; P Conclusions Surgical bypass for the primary treatment of claudication showed improved freedom from restenosis and symptom relief despite treatment of more extensive disease, but was associated with increased LOS and wound infection. Statins improved freedom from restenosis and symptom recurrence overall.
Surface Design Factors in the Evaporative Cooling of Electronic Components

Variations in the size and orientation of a surface cooled by evaporation of a liquid are reflected in the measured heat transfer characteristics. Nucleate boiling curves from tests of "Freon-113" in contact with two sizes of heated flat plates in different positions are used to demonstrate the comparative characteristics. For low levels of heat flux, the lowest surface temperatures are exhibited by the larger of the heated plates facing downward. At higher fluxes, the lowest temperatures observed are those of the larger plates facing upward. The slope of the boiling curve for any size plate becomes progressively greater as the plate is shifted from the face-down position through the vertical to the face-up position. The facility with which bubbles can escape from a heated surface is proposed as a significant determinant of heat transfer characteristics.
Argon composition of metamorphic fluids: Implications for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology

The concentration and isotopic composition of argon trapped in fluid inclusions within a mylonitic amphibolite were determined by combining electron microprobe, [sup 40]Ar/[sup 39] Ar laser microprobe, and fluid inclusion analyses on the same samples. In our study, fluid in inclusions formed during ductile deformation was probably derived locally from the Paleozoic, Caledonian sequences, whereas brines, emplaced in cross-cutting fractures, were derived from Proterozoic footwall rocks several kilometers from the mylonite. By utilizing [sup 38]Ar[sub Cl] to correct for [open quotes]excess [sup 40]Ar,[close quotes] we estimate a 370 Ma closure age for the amphibole, which is distinctly younger than the 440-480 Ma plateau ages indicated by step-heating spectra. The [open quotes]excess [sup 40]Ar[close quotes] responsible for the anomalous plateaus probably resulted from diffusive re-equilibration of the amphibole with the fluids present during ductile deformation of the mylonite. The significantly younger cooling age determined by our method is concordant with ages determined from more recent geochronological studies in the region. These ages indicate that the western gneiss terrain, in our study area, records deformation and cooling associated with Siluro-Devonian tectonothermal metamorphism rather than an earlier Caledonian tectonism as proposed in previous [sup 40]Ar/[sup 39]Ar investigators. 46 refs., 8 figs.
Biodiversity : social & ecological perspectives

* Introduction * 1. Voices Unheard and Unheeded - Heffa Schucking and Patrick Anderson * 2. Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Profits - Vandana Shiva * 3. The Impact of Biodiversity Conservation on Indigenous Peples - Andrew Gray * 4. Who Defends Biological Diversity? Conservation Strategies and the case of Thailand - Larry Lohmann * 5. Genes for Sustainable Development - David Cooper
Stage Hypnosis and Public Lecture Effects on Attitudes and Beliefs regarding Hypnosis

Abstract Stage hypnosis shows, designed to entertain and amaze, and public lectures, designed to explain and educate, provide dramatically different introductions to hypnosis. This study examined how audience members' attitudes and beliefs regarding hypnosis are affected by these two different experiences. Two hundred and five college students completed pretest measures before either watching a stage hypnosis show, or attending a lecture on hypnosis, or participating in a control group. Subjects completed posttest measures between one to three weeks later. Both the stage hypnosis show and the lecture increased attendees' motivation to use hypnosis in treatment and decreased their belief that hypnotizability reflects lower intelligence. Moreover, the lecture also increased beliefs that hypnotizability reflects creativity and inner strength. Finally, while the lecture reduced the belief that a hypnotized person is robotlike and automatically acts on all suggestions, the stage hypnosis show increased this at...
20 URINARY TRACT INFECTION CAUSED BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS SAPROPHYTICUS (SS)

In 492 college coeds, with acute, uncomplicated UTIs, documented by >105 colonies per ml. of the same bacteria in 2 or 3 consecutive urine cultures, E. coli and novobiocin resistant (SS) comprised 76.0% and 13.0% of the urinary pathogens, respectively, and other bacteria 11.0%. The in-vitro sensitivity testing revealed that SS were 100% sensitive to trimethoprim, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxozole, nitrofurantoin, and cephalexin; 91.0% to ampicillin; 93.0% to sulfasoxozole and 0.0% to nalidixic acid. Patients with either E. coli or SS organism presented with similar symptoms of an acute lower tract infection. Costovertebral angle tenderness was noted in 21.0% of the patients with SS and in 10.0% of those with E. coli. Fever >99.5C. was present in 15.0% of patients with SS and in 25.0% of those with E. coli. Clinical response to therapy was similar for both groups. Isolation of SS from the periurethral (52.0%), vaginal (31.0%), and rectal (11.5%) areas could only be accomplished in patients who had this organism as the primary urinary pathogen. SS was the second most common urinary pathogen isolated after E. coli in young women.
Der einfluss des leitsalzes auf die geschwindigkeit des elektronenaustausches im redoxsystem [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4−

Zusammenfassung Der Einflus verschiedener Kationen auf die Austauschstromdichte des Redoxsystems [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− /[Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− wurde an Graphitelektroden untersucht. Adsorptionsmessungen ergaben, das bei kleinen Konzentrationen des Leitelektrolytkations vorwiegend Ionenpaare adsorbiert werden, die sich bei hoheren Konzentrationen teilweise in Ambivalente unwandeln. Es konnte gezeigt werden, das die Abhangigkeit der Austauschstromdichte von der Art des Leitsalzkations nicht auf eine Veranderung des Adsorptionsverhaltens bzw. der Lage des Ambivalentengleichgewichtes zuruckzufuhren ist. Zur Erklarung der hoheren Geschwindigkeit der elektrochemischen Umsetzung der Ambivalenten gegenuber den Ionenpaaren und ihrer Abhangigkeit von der Art des Leitsalzkations werden zwei Moglichkeiten diskutiert.
Relationship between myocardial perfusion and function following coronary reflow in the canine heart using single photon emission computed tomography and two-dimensional echocardiography

La recirculation coronaire produit des degres variables de reperfusion myocardique qui peuvent attester la recuperation fonctionnelle initiale
Best constants in Young's inequality, its converse, and its generalization to more than three functions

The best possible constant Dmt in the inequality | ∬ dx dyf(x)g(x —y) h(y)| |, 1/p + llq+ 1/t = 2, is determined; the equality is reached if /, g, and h are appropriate Gaussians. The same is shown to be true for the converse inequality (0 < p, q < 1, t < 0), in which case the inequality is reversed. Furthermore, an analogous property is proved for an integral of k functions over n variables, each function depending on a linear combination of the n variables; some of the functions may be taken to be fixed Gaussians. Two applications are given, one of which is a pr∞f of Nelson’s hypercontractive inequality.
Do Religious Institutions Resist or Support Women's “Lost Voice?”

This study examines how the concept of the “lost voice” functions in religious circles. Thirty females (divided into three age groups: ages 8 to 10, ages 12 to 14, and ages 20 to 30, equally distributed between a conservative church and an egalitarian church) were interviewed. Results indicated that the younger girls from both churches report sacrificing themselves and their opinions to maintain relationships. Furthermore, the adult women from the egalitarian church evidenced a regaining of their voices and perceived this as a newly found strength. Adult women from the conservative church also evidenced a regaining of their voices and yet perceived this as a weakness.
Larva lights: A decade of photoaffinity labeling with juvenile hormone analogues

The introduction of photoaffinity labeling into the mode of action of insect hormones and pheromones started 12 yr ago with the photoaffinity labeling of juvenile hormone binding proteins (JHBPs) from cockroaches in the laboratory of the late John K. Koeppe. Applying this technique to Manduca sexta led ultimately to a three-laboratory collaborative project that has begun to dissect the molecular basis for JH transport, metabolism, and nuclear binding and gene activation in Lepidoptera. This review provides (1) a history of the first experiments; (2) an idea of the breadth of the technique in the arthropod classes Insecta, Crustacea, and Arachnida; and (3) evidence for the depth of the technique in unearthing key details about three different types of the molecular action of JH in M. sexta.
Is There a Role for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Without Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

The treatment paradigm for locally advanced rectal cancer is multidisciplinary and includes chemoradiotherapy and surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. This review discusses the rationale behind multimodality treatment, the role of radiotherapy, and the potential for its omission in selected patients in the future.
Simultaneous local and global state estimation for robotic navigation

Recent applications of robotics often demand two types of spatial awareness: 1) A fine-grained description of the robot's immediate surroundings for obstacle avoidance and planning, and 2) Knowledge of the robot's position in a large-scale global coordinate frame such as that provided by GPS. Although managing information at both of these scales is often essential to the robot's purpose, each scale has different requirements in terms of state representation and handling of uncertainty. In such a scenario, it can be tempting to pick either a body-centric coordinate frame or a globally fixed coordinate frame for all state representation. Although both choices have advantages, we show that neither is ideal for a system that must handle both global and local data. This paper describes an alternative design: a third coordinate frame that stays fixed to the local environment over short time-scales, but can vary with respect to the global frame. Careful management of uncertainty in this local coordinate frame makes it well-suited for simultaneously representing both locally and globally derived data, greatly simplifying system design and improving robustness. We describe the implementation of this coordinate frame and its properties when measuring uncertainty, and show the results of applying this approach to our 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge vehicle.
Proportions of active ciliate taxa in soils

Active and total soil ciliate populations were analyzed by a non-destructive method for 25 collections. Total numbers ranged from a few individuals in soils under stressed conditions to 750 g–1 dry soil. Active ciliates were <15% (mainly r-selected colpodids) and 40–60% of the total ciliate population under stress conditions, respectively. About 55% (18–86%) of ciliates, both in active and total populations, were colpodids, and about half of these belonged to five taxa: Colpoda inflata, Colpoda steini, Cyrtolophosis elongata, Cyclidium mucicola, and Platyophyra vorax. Only about 5% of the 572 presently known soil ciliate species furnished most of the individuals. A hierarchical approach is suggested to explain the high diversity in the less abundant 95% species, and is extended to explain species distribution in stressed habitats. This study analyzed only mineral soils and found, in a comparison of agroecosystem soils and the adjacent woodlands they were derived from, that the former contained more active individuals and species of ciliates.
Evidence-based care for the neutropenic patient with leukemia

Abstract Objectives To provide an overview of risk factors for increased severity of infection, and a summary of neutropenic care guidelines based on the scientific literature. Data sources Research studies, review articles, book chapters. Conclusion Neutropenia is one of the most common and clinically significant toxicities of therapy for patients with leukemia. The risk of infection is extremely high and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Specific risk factors for serious or life-threatening infection must be identified in this patient population and abrogated when possible. Implications for nursing practice Implementation of evidence-based preventive and management strategies for patients with neutropenia can optimize patient outcomes. Internalization of these concepts into the nursing care we provide to patients with leukemia exemplifies best practice.
Magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging in pediatric white matter diseases.

Abstract: The central nervous system undergoes profound and predictable developmental changes during the first few years of life that provide the structural and functional elements necessary for normal neurological development. The establishment and maturation of white matter pathways is a critical component of the developing nervous system. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers a noninvasive and quantitative means for the evaluation of white matter changes. DTI has contributed to the evaluation of a number of childhood leukoencephalopathies; it has also been used to follow brain maturation in abnormal states, such as premature birth or early brain injury. Furthermore, it has helped characterize the relation between white matter integrity and cognitive abilities. In the future, DTI is expected to play an increasingly large role in defining developmental abnormalities at an early age and in assessing therapies for pediatric disorders such as leukodystrophies.
SU-E-T-55: Biological Equivalent Dose (BED) Comparison Between Permanent Interstitial Brachytherapy and Conventional External Beam Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

Purpose: The goal of this research is to calculate and compare the Biological Equivalent Dose (BED) between permanent prostate Iodine-125 implant brachytherapy as monotherapy with the BED of conventional external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Methods: A retrospective study of 605 patients treated with Iodine-125 seed implant was performed in which physician A treated 274 patients and physician B treated 331 patients. All the Brachytherapy treatment plans were created using VariSeed 8 planning system. The Iodine-125 seed source activities and loading patterns varied slightly between the two physicians. The prescription dose is 145 Gy to PTV for each patient. The BED and Tumor Control Probability (TCP) were calculated based on the TG 137 formulas. The BED for conventional EBRT of the prostate given in our institution in 2Gy per fraction for 38 fractions was calculated and compared. Results: Physician A treated 274 patients with an average BED of 123.92±0.87 Gy and an average TCP of 99.20%; Physician B treated 331 patients with an average BED of 124.87±1.12 Gy and an average TCP of 99.30%. There are no statistically significant differences (T-Test) between the BED and TCP values calculated for these two group patients.The BED of the patients undergoing conventional EBRT is calculated to be 126.92Gy. The BED of the patients treated with permanent implant brachytherapy and EBRT are comparable. Our BED and TCP values are higher than the reported values by TG 137 due to higher Iodine-125 seed activity used in our institution. Conclusion: We calculated the BED,a surrogate of the biological response to a permanent prostate brachytherapy using TG 137 formulas and recommendation. The TCP of better than 99% is calculated for these patients. A clinical outcome study of these patients correlating the BED and TCP values with PSA and Gleason Levels as well as patient survival is warranted.
Improving HF Radar Surface Current Measurements with Measured Antenna Beam Patterns

A high-frequency (HF) radar system is deployed on the New Jersey continental shelf as part of a coastal ocean observatory. The system includes two remote transmit‐receive sites in Brant Beach and Brigantine, New Jersey, and a central processing site in Tuckerton, New Jersey. The system uses radio waves scattered off the ocean to measure the radial velocity, range, and bearing of the scattering surface. Calculation of the bearing for HF radar systems depends on the actual beam pattern of the receive antennas. A series of antenna beam pattern measurements conducted on the New Jersey system shows that these patterns are often distorted when an antenna is deployed in the field. Tests indicate that the local environment, not system hardware, causes the most significant distortion of the pattern from the theoretical shape. Correlation with an in situ acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) indicates that the beam pattern distortion can bias the bearing estimate. It is shown that this bias can be removed if the measured beam patterns are used to estimate the bearing.
Perspectives on personalized cancer care.

Sir William Osler has been quoted as saying “If it were not for the great variability among individuals, medicine might as well be a science and not an art”. Molecular profiles, be they host or those providing insight into the genomic changes that define a cancerous cell, together possess the predictive ability required for the various aspects of individualized care: risk assessment, patient prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic responses. Such profiles, obtained by RNA, DNA and protein microarrays, SNP arrays, methylation screens, and high throughput or targeted gene sequencing can provide patient- and tumor-specific information that details the biological complexity of a particular cancer and can be exploited to understand its clinical implications and glean therapeutic insights. This knowledge is also being combined with host factors to begin formulating an understanding at the system level of how the tumor interacts with the host and how this relationship can be exploited therapeutically or for biomarker development. Here we discuss these advances and how they may relate to urologic oncology.
A microsomal enzyme inhibitor in the gut contents of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus)

Abstract 1. 1. An inhibitor of microsomal oxidation was isolated and partially purified from the soluble fraction of house cricket (Acheta domesticus) gut contents. 2. 2. Inhibitory activity was greater towards armyworm gut microsomal enzymes than those from rat liver. 3. 3. The material was characterized as a proteolytic enzyme with a molecular weight of approximately 16,500. 4. 4. Proteolytic and inhibitory activity were blocked by Soy trypsin inhibitor and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride but not by p- chloromercuribenzoate or reduced glutathione. 5. 5. Inhibition apparently results from solubilization of NADPH cytochrome c reductase from the microsomal membrane.
On the Performance of Web Services Management Standards - An Evaluation of MUWS and WS-Management for Network Management

Important steps have been taken in the recent years towards evaluating the performance of Web services for network management. Due to the lack of specific standards for Web services-based management, previous evaluations have been carried out measuring only the performance of SOAP (the basic Web services protocol) running in network management environments. While the conclusions of the papers published so far indicate the feasibility of employing Web services for network management, there is no evidence that these conclusions also hold for solutions developed according to recent Web services management standards. In this paper we go a step further and present the results of a set of experiments carried out in order to compare the specifications OASIS management Using Web services (MUWS) and DMTF Web services for management (WS-management) against the de facto network management standard, i.e., the simple network management protocol (SNMP). The performance metrics investigated were network usage, response time, and CPU usage.
Developing Comprehensive Health Care for an Underserved Population

An especially vulnerable population is the disadvantaged and underserved older adult population residing in urban communities. This article describes a hospital-sponsored program in an urban community developed to improve access to health promotion and chronic disease control services for older adults. As part of the newly designed service, the hospital also sought to change its image from simply that of a "hospital" to that of a "community setting" dedicated to serving the comprehensive needs of older adults.
The Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Earnings Management: An Exploratory Study

In this article, we explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings management (EM). Our CSR index, using KLD data, incorporates information from the following issue areas: the community, corporate governance, diversity, the product, employee relations, the environment, and human rights. Results show that more socially responsible firms have higher quality accruals and less activity-based EM, both of which impact financial reporting quality.
Parathyroid Hormone and Mechanical Usage Have a Synergistic Effect in Rat Tibial Diaphyseal Cortical Bone

Previous reports showed that bone mass and architecture only partially recovered by remobilization (RM) after immobilization (IM)-induced osteopenia, and that parathyroid hormone (PTH) had an anabolic effect on the skeleton. The aim of this study was to determine whether low doses of PTH could restore IM-induced cortical bone loss and whether a combination of PTH plus loading (RM) treatment would be more effective than the PTH in unloaded (IM) limbs. One hundred and sixty 6-month-old rats were divided into aging and IM groups. The right hindlimb of the rat was immobilized by elastic bandage for 18 weeks, and then groups of rats were either kept IM or RM and treated with 30 μg or 80 μg of hPTH(1–38)/kg/day for 2, 10, and 20 weeks. Fluorescent-labeled, undecalcified cross-sections of right tibial shafts were studied. We found that RM for 20 weeks after 18 weeks of IM only partially recovered IM-induced muscle weight loss and PTH had no effect on muscle weight in either IM or RM limbs; that RM for 20 weeks after 18 weeks of IM partially restored some minimal cortical width by stimulating periosteal and endocortical bone formation and decreasing endocortical resorption; that PTH treatment of IM limbs completely restored IM-induced cortical bone loss and added extra bone by stimulating bone formation indices on all bone surfaces and depressing bone resorption on endocortical surface; that PTH treatment of RM limbs produced similar anabolic effects as in IM limbs with 30 μg/kg/day dose but the 80 μg/kg/day dose-treated limbs had a higher periosteal bone formation rate, which created a larger cross-sectional area, more cortical bone area, and a thicker cortex than the same dose treated IM limbs; and that PTH 80 μg/kg/day treatment produced more anabolic effect than the 30 μg/kg/day in both IM and RM limbs. We concluded that reloading the hindlimb by RM after long-term IM could not recover the cortical bone mass. PTH at employed doses was able to completely restore IM-induced cortical bone loss, and this effect was independent of mechanical stimulation. However, when PTH was combined with mechanical loading (RM), a synergistic anabolic effect on periosteal bone formation occurred which increased the cross sectional area that can increase bone strength.
A portrait of food and drink in commercial TV series.

This study examines the content and presentation of food and drink on fictional, commercial television. It provides the first comparison of food and drink consumption across different television program genres designated for different age groups. Data originated with a random sample of 50 taped episodes of children's shows, 50 episodes of “tween” programs (shows targeted for 9- to 14-year-olds), 40 episodes of afternoon soaps, and 50 episodes of prime time shows. The choice of TV series was based solely on the strength of Nielsen audience ratings. The study coded the foods for nutritional content and the drinks for alcoholic/nonalcoholic content, how they were used, and in what context. Findings indicate that foods were more commonly offered and consumed on children's shows, and that problematic foods (defined as oils, solid fats, and foods with added sugars) were significantly more prevalent in youth-oriented shows than in adult-oriented shows. Although there was only a negligible presence of alcohol on ...
The cardiovascular systemin children from high altitude

The cardiovascular system in the normal child from high altitude may differstrikingly from that of the child at sea level or lower altitudes. Physical signs of pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular preponderance in the electrocardiogram, and prominence of the pulmonary artery, right ventricle, and right atrium in the chest x-ray may be present. Cardiac catheterization studies have substantiated the presence of higher pulmonary arterial pressures in the normal resident of high altitude than those found at low altitude. Findings suggest that altitudes over 10,000 feet represent critical altitudes so far as the pulmonary circulation is concerned.
The Hg(II) and Tl(III) catalyzed hydration/isomerization of α-hydroxyalkynes

Abstract The hydration/isomerization of 2-butyn-1,4-diol, 2-pentyn-1-ol and 2-methyl-3-pentyn-2-ol in aqueous HClO 4 is catalyzed by Hg(II). Similarly Tl(III) catalyzes the hydration/isomerization of 2-butyn-1-ol, 2-pentyn-1-ol and 3-pentyn-2-ol. For the reactions of 2-butyn-1,4-diol and 2-pentyn-1-ol the rate expressions are of the form - d[substrate] /dt = k [H + ] [Hg(II)]. The reactions catalyzed by Tl(III) are similarly zero order in substrate. The catalysts and intermediates in these reactions have been characterized. The results are in accord with a mechanism which involves formation of the catalysts Hg(RC(O)CCR 1 R 2 ) +1 or Tl (RC(O)CCR 1 R 2 ) +2 , reaction of substrate with catalyst to form the intermediates Hg(RC(O)CCR 1 R 2 ) 2 or Tl(RC(O)-CCR 1 R 2 ) +1 2 , and rate-limiting reaction of the intermediates with H 3 O +1 to form the products, hydroxyketones and α,β-enones, and reform the catalysts. The relative yield of the α, β-enone products increases with increasing substitution on the carbon with the hydroxy group. This is consistent with a product-determining step which involves dehydroxymetallation. The more complex kinetic behavior observed for the Hg(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-methyl-3-pentyn-2-ol indicates that the intermediate Hg(CH 3 C(O)CC-(CH 3 ) 2 ) 2 is formed in a reversible step. Although they form the corresponding catalyst and intermediate, the alkynes 3-pentyn-2-ol and 3-hexyn-2-ol do not undergo the Hg(II)-catalyzed reactions because of the low solubility of the intermediates.
Pregnancy in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents.

Abstract Background Long-term survival of patients with congenital human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has resulted in a growing cohort of perinatally infected adolescents and young adults who are sexually active and becoming pregnant. Cases Two cases are presented to report our management of pregnancies resulting from unprotected sexual practices in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents who were HIV serodiscordant. An integrated approach, involving the specialties of pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, and infectious disease, along with social services, was used to provide comprehensive care to these patients. Conclusion There is a need to address reproductive health issues, especially risky sexual behaviors, in adolescents who are HIV infected.
The Permeability of Excised Arteries and Other Tissues to Serum Lipid

Excised arterial tissue is shown to differ from other excised tissues by its property of retaining fractions of serum lipids that are transfiltered under pressure in the form of zonal deposits at the elastic tissue membranes. The mode of deposition of artificially produced lipid accumulations and spontaneously formed ones is probably very similar. Various factors that influence the deposition of lipid in excised arteries are examined in detail. The most important of these prove to be the structural peculiarities of arterial tissue and the concentration of lipid in the serum.
Population states and eigenstructure: A simplifying view of Markov learning models

Abstract The structure of a Markov learning model can often be appreciably simplified by analyzing the eigenstructure (eigenvectors and eigenvalues) of its transition operator, and by focusing on population states representing distributions of individuals rather than on subject states representing individuals. This view often produces considerably simpler “reduced” models, which are equivalent to the originals in that they make identical predictions. We apply these reduced representations to determine the number of estimable parameters a model supports and to answer questions of model identifiability: when two models are mathematically equivalent and when they are likely to predict observations in practice distinguishable on the basis of limited data.
Three‐dimensional observation of electrophoretic migration of dsDNA in semidilute hydroxy‐ ethylcellulose solution

Three-dimensional (3-D) video fluorescence microscopy is demonstrated for the investigation of biopolymer electrophoretic migration using double-stranded (ds)DNA in semidilute hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) as a test system. It is shown that 3-D imaging enables visualization of segmental motion with greater detail than is available in conventional video microscopy. A high frame rate (50-110 frames per second (fps)) intensified progressive scan camera is used to acquire fifteen axial sections focused at different depths through the DNA molecule. A 3-D DNA image is generated from these sections using blind deconvolution image reconstruction and motion is represented as a succession of volume images. A 3-D extension of the Doi/Oana ellipsoidal model is used to fit the DNA envelope, allowing simple quantitative descriptions of the changing shape of the DNA as it interacts with the sieving polymer solution. With 3-D views of migrating DNA molecules we observe U-shaped conformations oriented at an angle to the microscope plane. We are also able to resolve ambiguities and artifacts resulting from loss of information from DNA segments that are not in focus.
A numerical simulation of the development of tropical cyclones

A numerical experiment for the study of the development of tropical cyclones is performed with a 10-level axisymmetric model. In this model, the wind in the boundary layer is computed directly from the primitive equation of motion, but gradient balance is assumed above the boundary layer. The contribution of deep cumulus clouds to the heating of the large scale environment is parameterized along the lines of Kuo (1965) and Sundqvist (1970). The effect of the upward transport of momentum by cumulus clouds is also included in a crude manner. The experiment shows that the present model is capable of describing many features observed in real tropical cyclones. Our result differs from Sundqvist (1970) in one major aspect, namely, no rapid decay occurs after the mature stage if the external conditions and parameters remain unchanged, which is in agreement with the result of Ooyama (1969). The development process and the structure of the simulated tropical cyclone are discussed in some detail. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1975.tb01667.x
General and specific self-efficacy in the context of a training intervention to enhance performance expectancy

A pretest-posttest field study investigated self-efficacy, both general and specific, in an intensive training experience to prepare new recruits for their work assignments. Specific issues addressed include (1) the effects of the training experience on general self-efficacy (GSE), work-specific selfefficacy (SSE), and performance expectancy; (2) the effects of pretraining attitudes and beliefs on posttraining GSE and work SSE; and relations between posttraining self-efficacy beliefs and posttraining performance expectancy. Training increased GSE, SSE, and performance expectancy. Unlike GSE, work SSE was influenced by pretraining motivation, training self-efficacy, and performance expectancy. The implications of the findings for HRD research and practice are discussed from the perspectives of understanding individual characteristics of trainees, choosing methods to enhance self-efficacy, and the appropriateness of measuring general and specific self-efficacy before training (to guide planning) and after training (as an evaluation dimension)
Timing and Consequences of the Introduction of Maize Agriculture in the Lower Mississippi Valley

Archaeologists in the Lower Mississippi Valley have generally assumed that corn, beans, and squash provided the subsistence stability and the surpluses necessary for the development of complex, stratified polities which existed during the Coles Creek period. Recent research indicates that maize was probably not an important part of the diet until after this time. Therefore, the introduction of maize-based agriculture had little impact on the formation of chiefdoms in Coles Creek culture. In this regard Coles Creek is different from early Mississippian; it is a distinct adaptation to the highly productive environment of the Lower Mississippi Valley.