cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AVERAGE-CASE COMPLEXITY AND DECISION PROBLEMS IN GROUP THEORY

Abstract We investigate the average-case complexity of decision problems for finitely generated groups, in particular, the word and membership problems. Using our recent results on “generic-case complexity”, we show that if a finitely generated group G has word problem solvable in subexponential time and has a subgroup of finite index which possesses a non-elementary word-hyperbolic quotient group, then the average-case complexity of the word problem of G is linear time, uniformly with respect to the collection of all length-invariant measures on G . This results applies to many of the groups usually studied in geometric group theory: for example, all braid groups B n , all groups of hyperbolic knots, many Coxeter groups and all Artin groups of extra-large type.
Effect of recombinant and purified human haematopoietic growth factors on in vitro colony formation by enriched populations of human megakaryocyte progenitor cells.

Nonadherent low density T-lymphocyte depleted (NALT-) marrow cells from normal donors were sorted on a Coulter Epics 753 Dye Laser System using Texas Red labelled My 10 and phycoerythrin conjugated anti HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies in order to obtain enriched populations of colony forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-MK). The CFU-MK cloning efficiency (CE) was 1.1 ± 0.5% for cells expressing both high densities of My 10 and low densities of HLA-DR (My 10+++DR+). This procedure resulted in an 18-fold increase in CE over NALT- cells. The effect of purified or recombinant human haematopoietic growth factors including erythropoietin (Epo), thrombocytopoiesis stimulating factor (TSF), interleukin 1α (IL-1α), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF or CSF-1) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) on MK colony formation by My10+++DR+ cells was determined utilizing a serum depleted assay system. Neither Epo, TSF, CSF-1, IL-lα nor G-CSF alone augmented MK colony formation above baseline (2.5 ± 0.8/5 × 103 My 10+++DR+ cells plated). In contrast, the addition of GM-CSF and IL-3 each increased both CFU-MK colony formation and the size of colonies with maximal stimulation occurring following the addition of 200 units/ml of IL-3 and 25 units/ml of GM-CSF. At maximal concentration, IL-3 had a greater ability to promote megakaryocyte colony formation than GM-CSF. The stimulatory effects of GM-CSF and IL-3 were also additive in that the effects of a combination of the two factors approximated the sum of colony formation in the presence of each factor alone. The CFU-MK appears, therefore, to express HPCA-1 and HLA-DR antigens. These studies also indicate that GM-CSF and IL-3 are important in vitro regulators of megakaryocytopoiesis, and that these growth factors are not dependent on the presence of large numbers of macrophages or T cells for their activity since the My 10+++DR+ cells are largely devoid of these accessory cells.
Event Data-Based Traffic Detector Validation Tests

The accuracy of detector data is paramount for traffic surveillance, control, and information systems, yet little has been published on identifying or correcting errors in the data. This paper presents eight detector validation tests for freeway surveillance using individual vehicle data collected from loop detectors. Five of these tests can be applied to single-loop detectors, while all of them can be applied to dual-loop detectors. The tests are used to contrast the performances of different sensor models, and most of the tests are presented using 24-h blocks of data. In practice, they can also be used to identify permanent and transient hardware problems in other components of the detection system, for example, cross talk between loops or a short in the lead wires. For operational implementation, the tests could be modified to be applied hourly or after a fixed number of vehicles pass. Some of the tests can even be used to “clean up” erroneous measurements.