cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observation of the two-channel quadrupolar Kondo effect in Y1-xUxPd3

Abstract We present measurements of electrical resistivity p ( T ), magnetic susceptibility x ( T ), and specific heat C ( T ) for the system Y 1-x U x Pd 3 . The data are consistent with nearly localized tetravalent uranium ions leading to “Fermi-level tuning” and competition between single ion Kondo (0 x ≤0.2) and cooperative spin glass-like (0.3≤ x ≤0.5) behavior. The Kondo behavior is unusual and well described by the two-channel quadrupolar Kondo effect. At low temperatures T ⪡ T K , where T K is the Kondo temperature, the electrical resistivity varies nearly linearly with temperature p ( T )/ p (0)≈ 1 - T /( aT K ), and the electronic specific heat diverges logarithmically ΔC / T ≈ -(1/ T K)1 nT with a finite residual T 0 entropy S (0)≈( R /2) ln 2. This appears to be the first example of the quadrupolar Kondo effect and two-channel behavior in a dilute alloy and the first example of “marginal Fermi liquid” phenomenology in a fully three-dimensional system.
Sp1 and Smad Proteins Cooperate to Mediate Transforming Growth Factor-β1-induced α2(I) Collagen Expression in Human Glomerular Mesangial Cells

The mechanism(s) by which Smads mediate and modulate the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signal transduction pathway in fibrogenesis are not well characterized. We previously showed that Smad3 promotes α2(I) collagen gene (COL1A2) activation in human glomerular mesangial cells, potentially contributing to glomerulosclerosis. Here, we report that Sp1 binding is necessary for TGF-β1-induced type I collagen mRNA expression. Deletion of three Sp1 sites (GC box) between −376 and −268 or mutation of a CAGA box at −268/−260 inhibited TGF-β1-induced α2(I) collagen promoter activity. TGF-β1 inducibility was also blocked by a Smad3 dominant negative mutant. Chemical inhibition of Sp1 binding with mithramycin A, or deletion of the GC boxes, inhibited COL1A2 activation by Smad3, suggesting cooperation between Smad3 and Sp1 in the TGF-β1 response. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that Sp1 and Smads form complexes with −283/−250 promoter sequences. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that endogenous Sp1, Smad3, and Smad4 form complexes in mesangial cells. In a Gal4-LUC reporter assay system, Sp1 stimulated the TGF-β1-induced transcriptional activity of Gal4-Smad3, Gal4-Smad4 (266), or both. Using the transactivation domain B of Sp1 fused to the Gal4 DNA binding domain, we show that, in our system, the transcriptional activity of this Sp1 domain is not regulated by TGF-β1, but it becomes responsive to this factor when Smad3 is coexpressed. Finally, combined Sp1 and Smad3 overexpression induces marked ligand-independent and ligand-dependent promoter activity of COL1A2. Thus, Sp1 and Smad proteins form complexes and their synergy plays an important role in mediating TGF-β1-induced α2(I) collagen expression in human mesangial cells.
Collateral Consequences and Racial Inequality: Felon Status Restrictions as a System of Disadvantage

Studies of the collateral consequences of felony conviction have generally focused on single restrictions such as disenfranchisement or disqualification for welfare assistance. Although these studies have provided a wealth of valuable information, such an approach only provides a partial picture of the broader social context in which collateral sanctions operate and their implications for social stratification. Even after felons complete their sentences, they often find whole classes of key privileges revoked and opportunities blocked. Furthermore, because they are most likely to experience criminal justice sanctions, Black males are at far greater risk of also facing the social disadvantages that accompany criminal punishment. This article argues that collateral consequence provisions play a role in maintaining and exacerbating racial inequality.
Expression of alternatively spliced PCTAIRE-1 mRNA in PC12 cells and neonatal rat brain

A rat PCTAIRE-1 cDNA clone was isolated by immunoscreening of a PC12 cDNA library, followed by 5' RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) to determine the 5' end. The rat PCTAIRE-1 cDNA sequence is 96% identical to mouse PCTAIRE-1 and contains an alternatively spliced exon of 131 bp near the 5' end. Although a mouse cDNA containing this exon has been reported, examination of several mouse cell lines provided no evidence for expression of the corresponding mRNA (Okuda et al., 1992). In contrast, reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) across this region using RNA from proliferating, differentiated, and apoptotic PC12 cells demonstrated that alternatively spliced forms of PCTAIRE-1 mRNA with and without this exon are expressed. Both forms of PCTAIRE-1 mRNA are also expressed in vivo in neonatal rat brain, although other tissues examined contained only the form lacking the alternatively spliced exon. In the absence of the alternatively spliced exon PCTAIRE-1 mRNA contains an open reading frame of 1488 bp, corresponding to a 55-kDa protein that is 97% identical to mouse PCTAIRE-1 protein. When the alternatively spliced exon is present, this open reading frame is terminated by a stop codon and a second open reading frame is initiated, predicting a second PCTAIRE-1 protein of 52 kDa. The two predicted PCTAIRE-1 proteins are identical downstream of the splice site, but share no homology at their N-terminal ends.
Complications of abdominal stoma surgery

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to review and summarize the complications of ileostomy and colostomy creation and subsequent closure. METHODS: The English-language medical literature for at least the past 15 years was reviewed comprehensively. RESULTS: Complications of surgery for the creation of end, loop, and “end loop” stomas are presented. Technical factors, which might influence complication rates, are discussed. Optimal management of ostomy complications is presented, especially for peristomal hernias. Similarly, techniques and complications for stoma closure are analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Stoma creation is not a trivial undertaking; careful surgical technique minimizes complications (which are relatively frequent), and promotes good ostomy function. Peristomal hernias are difficult to cure permanently. The morbidity of ileostomy and colostomy closure is also appreciable.
Engineering superpositions of coherent states in coherent optical pulses through cavity-assisted interaction

We propose a scheme to engineer quantum superpositions of coherent states (``Schr\"odinger-cat states'') of propagating optical pulses. Multidimensional and multipartite cat states can be generated simply by reflecting coherent optical pulses successively from a single-atom cavity. The influences of various sources of noise, including atomic spontaneous emission and pulse-shape distortion, are characterized through detailed numerical simulation, which demonstrates the practicality of this scheme within the reach of current experimental technology.
The role of boundary variability in polycrystalline grain-boundary diffusion

We investigate the impact of grain-boundary variability on mass transport in a polycrystal. More specifically, we perform both numerical and analytical studies of steady-state diffusion in prototypical microstructures in which there is either a discrete spectrum of grain-boundary activation energies or else a complex distribution of grain-boundary character, and hence a continuous spectrum of boundary activation energies. An effective diffusivity is calculated for these structures using simplified multi-state models and, for the case of a continuous spectrum, employing experimentally obtained grain-boundary energy data. We identify different diffusive regimes for these cases and quantify deviations from Arrhenius behavior using effective medium theory. Finally, we examine the diffusion kinetics of a simplified model of an interfacial layering (i.e., complexion) transition.
Toward the detection of signals in presence of signal-dependent noise

This paper considers a model for the magnetic recording channel that includes both signal- dependent and signal independent noises. Detectors that use the information about the signal contained in the noise are described. Application of one such a detector to cases where the distribution of the signal-dependent noise has non zero means and is a function of previously recorded transitions is given. The paper also makes comparative evaluations of the performance of such a detector against the regular Viterbi detector.
Enhanced progesterone and testosterone secretion and depressed estradiol secretion in vitro from small white follicle cells of incubating Turkey hens

This study was conducted to determine if lower steroid secretion by the small white follicles in incubating turkey hens contributes to lower circulating steroid concentrations during this time. Turkey hens were grouped as either laying or incubating. Serum samples and the ovarian small white follicles (SWF; 2–7 mm diameter) were collected from each hen. The SWF were pooled for each group and their cells were dispersed by trypsin digestion. Serum-luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and estradiol (E) concentrations were lower and serum prolactin concentration was higher during incubation than during egg laying. SWF cells from incubating hens secreted more P and T and less E in response to ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH) than did similar cell suspensions from laying hens. The incubating hens' SWF cells' capacity to secrete E but not their capacity to secrete P or T in vitro is consistent with the observed circulating levels. It is hypothesized that lower levels of circulating LH and/or higher levels of prolactin found in incubating hens may have a depressing effect on aromatase activity and/or an up-regulating effect on LH-induced P and T secretion by the SWF cells.
Statistical Ensemble Approach and Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations for Multivariable Chemical Systems Far from Equilibrium

A statistical ensemble approach and an ensemble master equation are introduced for the study of concentration fluctuations in multivariable chemical systems far from equilibrium. The theory describes the stochastic properties of the numbers of replicas of the system characterized by different compositions. We give a general analytic solution of the ensemble master equation and investigate the relationships between the ensemble master equation and the one-system master equation. A condition of mesoscopic time reversal (mesoscopic reversibility) is introduced for a reference system; mesoscopic reversibility is less restrictive than microscopic reversibility. For systems with mesoscopic time reversal the general theory turns into a simple form and, in the thermodynamic limit, we derive an exact expression for the stochastic potential attached to the onesystem master equation. We study the stochastic properties of the numbers of the reaction events both for system with or without mesoscopic time reversal. The condition of mesoscopic time reversal can be described by an extremum condition: if the contributions of different reactions to the total number of reaction events are constant, then the dispersions of the net numbers of the reaction events have minimum values for mesoscopic reversibility. A set of fluctuation -dissipation relations is derived for multivariable chemical systems, based on the use of the reaction extents as state variables of the system. We also consider systems that do not obey the condition of mesoscopic time reversal and measure the departure of a chemical process from mesoscopic reversibility in terms of a set a functions, which are proportional to the average values of the net numbers of the reaction events. In terms of these functions we derive a set of fluctuation -dissipation relations that establish a general relationship among the rates and the reaction affinities of the different reactions occurring in the system. A component of the dissipation function of the process is computed by using these fluctuationdissipation relations.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis of the scalp following anticonvulsant use and cranial irradiation.

Antecedents: La necrolyse epidermique toxique du cuir chevelu est une affection rare, mais il a ete demontre qu'elle survient chez les patients ayant reu un traitement de radiotherapie du crâne associe un traitement par un anticonvulsivant. Objectif: Presenter le cas d'un homme de 62 ans ayant reu un traitement de radiotherapie du crâne la suite d'une craniotomie pour un glioblastome multiforme. Apr qu'on lui et prescrit un anticonvulsivant comme traitement preventif des crises convulsives postoperatoires, en l'occurrence de la phenyto, le patient a developpe une necrolyse epidermique toxique qui a debute au niveau du cuir chevelu avant de s'etendre aux autres regions du corps. Presenter un autre cas d'une femme de 55 ans chez qui on avait diagnostique un cancer du poumon avec metastases au cerveau. Elle fut traitee par radiotherapie du crâne et un anticonvulsivant, en l'occurence de la carbamazepine. La necrolyse epidermique toxique d'abord apparue au niveau du cuir chevelu s'est generalisee par la suite. Conclusion: Alors que l'association de radiotherapie et d'anticonvulsivants entrane une augmentation du risque de necrolyse epidermique toxique, la radiotherapie du crâne semble etre le facteur declenchant de la necrolyse epidermique toxique du cuir chevelu.
Elastohydrodynamic Film Forming With Shear Thinning Liquids

Recent advances in high pressure rheometry have elucidated the shear response of liquid lubricants at the high shear stress characteristic of the traction generating region of lubricated concentrated contacts. These new measurement techniques are used to characterize the shear response of shear thinning liquids at low (<10 MPa) shear stress. A recently developed numerical scheme for calculating film thickness is extended to accommodate sliding. Film thickness predictions are compared with measurements using shear thinning liquids including a polymer/mineral oil blend, a highly elastic liquid, and synthetic base oils. Useful insights are provided concerning the effects of pressure-viscosity behavior for Newtonian liquids, sliding, and starvation for non-Newtonian liquids and the relevant shear stress for film forming.
Evaluation of Children With Feeding and Swallowing Problems

Speech-language pathologists in schools are increasingly being presented with children who have feeding and swallowing problems. These speech-language pathologists are in strategic positions to ide...
Positioning With GPS: 1985

The First International Symposium on Precise Positioning With the Global Positioning System (GPS) was held in Rockville, Maryland from April 15 to April 19, 1985; 600 participants from 31 countries attended. Sponsors included the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, the International Association of Geodesy, the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in cooperation with the American Society of Civil Engineers. GPS uses the NAVSTAR (an acronym for Navigation and Satellite Timing and Ranging) satellite system developed by the Department of Defense (DOD). Although this symposium was limited to precise positioning with GPS, the scope of precise positioning was left open. Without a doubt, precise relative positioning with L band carrier phase measurements was the most important topic. Also included were certain high-accuracy applications of pseudorange measurements, such as orbit determination, time transfer, and navigation. Administration, policy, hardware, software, processing, and applications in these areas were also covered. Intentionally left out were areas in which high positional accuracy was not important (e.g., commercial aviation). Attendees presented 89 papers, which were organized into 15 sessions covering nine subject areas: overview, status, and policy; GPS time and orbits; user equipment; user equipment testing; modeling and processing; applications; survey positioning results; practical aspects of geodesy; and dynamic positioning.
The adsorption of ethylene on Au/Pd(1 1 1) alloy surfaces

Abstract The adsorption of ethylene on gold–palladium alloys formed on a Pd(1 1 1) surface is investigated using a combination of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). Various alloy compositions are obtained by depositing four monolayers of gold on a clean Pd(1 1 1) surface and annealing to various temperatures. For gold coverages greater than ∼0.7, ethylene adsorbs primarily on gold sites, desorbing with an activation energy of less than 55 kJ/mol. At gold coverages between ∼0.5 and ∼0.7, ethylene is detected on palladium sites in a π-bonded configuration (with a σ–π parameter of ∼0.1) desorbing with an activation energy of between ∼57 and 62 kJ/mol. Further reducing the gold coverage leads to an almost linear increase in the desorption activation energy of ethylene with increasing palladium content until it eventually reaches a value of ∼76 kJ/mol found for ethylene on clean Pd(1 1 1). A corresponding increase in the σ–π parameter is also found as the gold coverage decreases reaching a value of ∼0.8, assigned to di-σ-bonded ethylene as found on clean Pd(1 1 1).
A hybrid quantum photonic interface for solid state qubits

Optical nanocavities enable a strong interaction between single photons and single emitters. An appealing application is the construction of a quantum interface for photonic and solid state qubits. Since the material of the solid state qubit is often dierent from the nanocavity, there has been considerable interest in combining the two in a hybrid architecture. We describe our recent development of such a hybrid interface based a Gallium Phosphide photonic crystal nanocavity that is scanned and deterministically coupled to single emitters on a surface. The technique is used to couple the cavity to the nitrogen vacancy center in diamond, an emitter system with optically accessible electron spins and the ability to transfer electronic spin states to nuclear spins.
What constitutes effective leadership? Perceptions of magnet and nonmagnet nurse leaders.

Magnet hospitals, so named because of their ability to attract and retain nurses, have been operating for nearly 20 years. Although research on their success, particularly related to job satisfaction and retention of nurses, is available, research on magnet nurse leader effectiveness has been limite
Permanent Pacemaker Lead Implantation via the Transhepatic Route

A 4-year-old male with transposition of the great arteries, status post-Senning repair, required placement of an atrial pacemaker for sinus node dysfunction and atrial flutter. Multiple systemic venous occlusions precluded conventional transvenous lead implantation. A transhepatic approach resulted in successful placement of an endocardial atrial pacing lead.
Supporting physicians by RE4S: evaluating requirements engineering for sustainability in the medical domain

Sustainable development applied to software engineering means developing systems in a sustainable way (domain-independent), as well as supporting sustainability in the application domain (domain-dependent). Developing sustainable software begins with requirements engineering (RE). RE for sustainability (RE4S) outlines the process of RE while taking steps to make the system more sustainable. This approach answers the question, "What should this software system do, while contributing to overall sustainability?" This paper considers how sustainability impacts the requirements engineering process for a software system for medication adherence. The examined system, Project Cognatio, is targeted toward outpatient medical practices with the goal to improve medication adherence among patients. We found considering the dimensions of sustainability can significantly enrich a number of RE artifacts and thereby inform system's design. This analysis proves useful for the future development of Project Cognatio and shows that RE4S can improve software development's contribution to sustainability.
Mixed Mode Latent Class Analysis: An Examination of Fit Index Performance for Classification

This Monte Carlo study examines the performance of fit indices commonly used by applied researchers interested in finite mixture modeling for the purposes of classification. Conditions for the simulation study were selected to reflect conditions found in applied educational and psychological research. The factors included in the investigation were metric level of indicators, sample size, and class prevalence. All models contained a combination of categorical and continuous indicators. All categorical indicators were dichotomous, and continuous indicators were normally distributed. The fit indices examined were Akaike’s information criterion, Bayesian information criterion (BIC), sample size-adjusted Bayesian information criterion (SSBIC), integrated classification likelihood criterion with Bayesian-type approximation, and Lo–Mendell–Rubin likelihood ratio test. Overall, SSBIC tended to identify the correct solution with higher frequency than other indices. BIC tended to identify the correct solution with ...
Baseline prostate-specific antigen compared with median prostate-specific antigen for age group as predictor of prostate cancer risk in men younger than 60 years old.

Abstract Objectives Limited data are available concerning the extent to which the initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement in men younger than age 60 predicts for the risk of prostate cancer (CaP) and how this compares to other known risk factors. Methods From 1991 to 2001, 13,943 men younger than 60 years old participated in a CaP screening study. Men aged 40 to 49 years were eligible for the study if they had a positive family history or African-American heritage, and men older than 50 years were screened without respect to risk factors. The CaP detection rate, PSA velocity, pathologic features, and treatment outcomes were evaluated as a function of the baseline PSA level. Results The median PSA level was 0.7 ng/mL for men aged 40 to 49 years and 0.9 ng/mL for men aged 50 to 59. A baseline PSA level between the median and 2.5 ng/mL was associated with a 14.6-fold and 7.6-fold increased risk of CaP in men aged 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 years, respectively. A greater baseline PSA value was also associated with a significantly greater PSA velocity, more aggressive tumor features, a greater biochemical progression rate, and a trend toward a greater cancer-specific mortality rate. Conclusions In men younger than 60, a baseline PSA value between the age-specific median and 2.5 ng/mL was a significant predictor of later CaP and was associated with a significantly greater PSA velocity. A young man’s baseline PSA value was a stronger predictor of CaP than family history, race, or suspicious digital rectal examination findings. A greater baseline PSA level was associated with significantly more adverse pathologic features and biochemical progression.
Potential of Research on World Food and Nutrition Problems

This paper draws on two years of experience with the World Food and Nutrition Study (WFNS) of the National Academy of Sciences. I give some background about that study, but my comments are not restricted to it. Primarily, I define a professional issue, namely, that our profession lacks a meaningful and exciting research agenda for tackling world food and nutrition problems. Moreover, we are failing effectively to communicate both our skills and our needs. I am not discussing a new topic,. e.g., Farrell provided a scholarly paper on many of these issues. Certainly the fellow's lecture by Kelso (this issue) will be a classic in our literature. My contribution lies especially in the chance to discuss a case study that involved substantial input from our profession.
Advances in myeloma therapy: breaking the cycle

[Comment on Yaccoby et al, page 2106][1]In this issue, Yaccoby and colleagues demonstrate that antibodies directed against the canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) suppress tumor-induced bone resorption in a murine model of multiple myeloma. This study represents the first attempt to assess the
Regulation of the resistance and resilience of periparturient ewes to infection with gastrointestinal nematode parasites by dietary supplementation

Control of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites has traditionally been based on the premise of chemotherapeutic control with the resultant consequence being the development of anthelmintic resistance by GIN. An alternative premise to the management of GIN parasites is to improve the resistance and resilience of sheep to GIN infection by manipulating the nutritional environment at key periods of a sheep's life. One key period, is the periparturient phase in the reproductive cycle when ewes experience a temporary loss, or diminution, of immunity to GIN parasites. This phase is associated with an increased requirement for both metabolisable energy (ME) and metabolisable protein (MP). The increased requirement being greater for MP. The loss of immunity to GIN is associated with a diminished cell-mediated immune response in the gut mucosa, the magnitude of which can be regulated by protein nutrition, or more specifically the supply of MP. Experimental studies that have increased MP supply, in housed and grazing periparturient ewes, have demonstrated significant improvements in resistance to GIN infection. Positive gut immune responses to an increased MP supply are believed to occur because the increased MP supply counters the combined pathological consequences of GIN infection per se and the host's immune response, namely a net loss of amino acids. Susceptibility to GIN infection in the periparturient ewe may also be a function of a low priority for use of MP toward immune function but evidence from young animals suggests a disproportionate partitioning of amino acids to the gastrointestinal tract during GIN infection. It is proposed that the priorities for use of MP that predispose the ewe to GIN infection are altered following infection to favour a gut immune response. Despite being under the regulation of MP supply and genetic selection, the loss of immunity during the periparturient period cannot be fully restored by either approaches suggesting that other unidentified factors are involved in the periparturient loss of immunity. Resilience to GIN infection is responsive to both ME and MP supply. The practice of supplementing periparturient ewes to increase MP and ME supply, in order to enhance resistance and resilience to GIN infection, is gaining favour with graziers within some regions of Australia. Other benefits (e.g. increased reproductive rates) arise from such supplementation strategies that improve the cost effectiveness of this approach.
Compartmentation of Sulfur Metabolites in Tobacco Cells : USE OF EFFLUX ANALYSIS.

The distribution of sulfur-containing metabolites in cultured tobacco cells was determined by analyzing efflux kinetics. Transported sulfate rapidly labeled the cytoplasmic pools of sulfate (1 hour) and sulfur amino acids (6 hours). Excess sulfate and amino acids were transported into the vacuole. The size and distribution of the amino acid pool was not affected by increasing the sulfate content of the cells. Transported cysteine was rapidly degraded to sulfate. The cytoplasmic pools of sulfate and amino acids were completely labeled within 6 hours, whereas the vacuolar pools were labeled more slowly. The intracellular cysteine pool was elevated by decreasing the pH of the transport medium. In all experiments, between 60 and 90% of the label was present in the vacuole.
Dissolution kinetics of small amounts of oxygen in tantalum alloy T-111 and internal oxide displacement reactions during annealing

Oxygen was added to T-111 (Ta-8W-2Hf, wt. %) at 820 and 990 C at an oxygen pressure of about 0.0003 torr. The technique employed permitted predetermined and reproducible doping of T-111 up to 3.0 at. % oxygen. Based on the temperature dependence of the doping reaction, it is concluded that the initial rates of oxygen pickup are probably controlled by solution of oxygen into the T-111 lattice. Although hafnium oxides are more stable than those of tantalum or tungsten, analyses of extracted residues indicate that the latter oxides predominate in the as-doped specimens, presumably because of the higher concentrations of tantalum and tungsten in the alloy. However, high-temperature annealing promotes gettering of dissolved oxygen and of other oxides to form hafnium oxides. Small amounts of tantalum and tungsten oxides were still present after high-temperature annealing. Tungsten oxide (WO3) volatilizes slightly from the surface of T-111 at 990 C. The vaporization of WO3 has no apparent affect on the doping reaction.
Science grads and R&D funds down

Scientific research and development in the United States apparently is suffering a trend of reduction in all phases, according to a number of federal government documents recently made available. The National Science Foundation (NSF) has released a series of reports, such as ‘Trends in Science and Engineering Degrees’ (Mosaic, Jan./Feb. 1982), ‘Foreign Participation in U.S. Science and Engineering and Labor Markets,’ and ‘Science Indicators—1980,’ that all point to a decrease in the number of science and engineering graduates; in the amount of academic, nondefense research being done; and in the federal funding of science training and science and engineering R&D.
Scientific workflow management systems and workflow patterns

Scientific workflow management systems primarily consist of data flow oriented execution models, and consequently, these systems provide a limited number of control flow constructs that are represented in dissimilar ways across different scientific workflow systems. This is a problem, since the exploratory nature of scientific analysis requires the workflows to dynamically adapt to external events and control execution of different workflow components. Hence some degree of control flow is necessary. The lack of standard specifications for specifying control flow constructs in scientific workflow management systems leads to workflows designed using custom developed components with almost no reusability. In this paper, we present a standard set of control flow constructs for scientific workflow management systems using workflow patterns. Firstly we compare the control flow constructs present in three scientific workflow management systems: Kepler, Taverna and Triana. Secondly these patterns are implemented in the form of a template library in Kepler. Finally, we demonstrate the use of this template library to design scientific workflows.
Reliability of grading retinal hemorrhages in abusive head trauma.

Purpose To study the intra- and inter-observer reliability of pediatric ophthalmologists in grading retinal hemorrhages in abusive head trauma. Methods Pediatric ophthalmologists attending the 2009 annual meeting of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus participated in an onsite survey. The participants were required to compare a collection of fundus photographs of patients with abusive head trauma to two standardized photographs, A and B. Participants graded photographs as normal (no retinal hemorrhages), better than A but not normal, same as A, between A and B, same as B, or worse than B. The survey was divided into four parts: part 1 consisted of 20 photographs to be graded; part 2 was a questionnaire about participant's professional experience; part 3 consisted of 20 photographs to be graded (including 15 graded in part 1 but reordered); and part 4 asked about the criteria used to grade the photographs. Results Of the 95 participants, 92 (97%) were licensed physicians with a mean of 14 years in practice. The intra-rater reliability was found to be high, with overall average of 85% pre- and post-agreement on the common pictures. Kendall's coefficient of concordance was used as the statistical measure of inter-rater reliability and had a high value (0.82). Conclusions Pediatric ophthalmologists showed high intra- and inter-observer reliability in grading retinal hemorrhages in abusive head trauma.
Adenylate kinase from baker's yeast. I. Purification and intracellular location

1. 1. A purification procedure and some of the general properties of adenylate kinase (ATP:AMP phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.4.3) from yeast are given. 2. 2. A fraction of yeast adenylate kinase which was immunologically homogeneous was also homogeneous by the following criteria: column chromatography; paper electrophoresis; moving boundary electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal analysis at two pH's. The molecular weight was determined as 41 000. 3. 3. The pH vs. activity curves and the Km of adenylate kinase from yeast are compared with those of myokinase. 4. 4. The subcellular distribution was determined using two methods of cell disruption. Both methods indicate that the adenylate kinase in yeast is not associated with the particulate fractions of yeast.
Factor Analysis of the K-ABC for Groups of Anglo and Mexican American Children.

Factor analyses of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K–ABC) were performed on separate groups of Anglo (n = 100) and Mexican American (n = 100) fifth-grade children to determine the comparability of underlying structures and to examine the existence of possible bias in construct validity of the K–ABC for each group. The subjects were selected from two contiguous school districts and stratified by grade, socioeconomic status (SES), and language status. A principal factor analysis produced two factors in the Mental Processing area and three factors in the total battery (Mental Processing plus Achievement areas) for the two groups. Examination of the coefficients of congruence indicated factorial similarity across four of five factors. Furthermore, the factors that emerged for the Anglo and Mexican American groups corresponded to the scales comprising the K–ABC. The results of the investigation provide some evidence for the construct validity of the K–ABC for the two ethnic groups. Further test bias research on the K–ABC is recommended.
Lactate dehydrogenase activity in laryngeal carcinoma and surrounding mucosa

The total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and LDH isoenzyme pattern were measured in tissue taken from laryngeal cancers and from the laryngeal mucosa both close to and distant from the tumour margin. An increase in the total LDH activity and a cathodic shift in the isoenzyme pattern were found in tumour tissue compared to the close and distant mucosa. However, significant LDH alterations in the mucosa close to the tumour were shown in comparison to the distant mucosa and to the laryngeal mucosa of controls. Histochemical studies showed the LDH activity to be located in the basal and parabasal layers of the epithelium and in the cancer foci.
Safety in critical care medicine

1. Defining and Measuring Patient Safety (Pronovost) 2. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis: Application to Critical Care (Hansen-Flaschen) 3. An Irreplaceable Safety Culture (Render and Hirschorn) 4. Critical Care Organization (Chang) 5. The Electronic Medical Record, Safety, and Critical Care (Bria and Shabot) 6. Management of the Critically Ill Patient in the Emergency Department: Focus on Safety Issues (Goldstein) 7. Medical Safety and Transfusion Errors in the ICU and Beyond (Hussain and Kao) 8. Managing Infection in the Critical Care Unit : How Can Infection Control Make the ICU Safe? (Ost and Shulman) 9. Safety in Training and Learning in the Intensive Care Unit (Heffner) 10. Can Regulation Improve Safety in Critical Care? (Marinelli) 11. The Future of Critical Care (Angus)
Physical Examination in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

The following distinguish the physical examination in scoliosis: it is extensive, it is revealing, and it influences treatment. Throughout this discussion, reference frequently is made to evaluation for underlying neural disease. Idiopathic scoliosis is a diagnosis of exclusion, and a neural etiology of spinal deformity must be ruled out in every case.
RENORMALIZATION GROUP ANALYSIS OF THE ISING MODEL ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL QUASI-LATTICES

We present a renormalization group analysis of the two-dimensional Ising model on both the Kite-Dart and Rhombi Penrose lattices in which spins are located at the vertices of the lattice. We demonstrate the existence of the phase transition and obtain the critical temperature and the thermal critical index. The thermal critical index is found to be close to unity.
Misclassification of hospital volume with surveillance, epidemiology, and end results-Medicare data

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)- Medicare data are frequently used for studying relationships between volume and outcomes after cancer surgery; however, because patients often cross SEER boundaries for treatment, SEER-Medicare data may misclassify hospital volume. Thus, we measured the agreement of hospital volume as determined by SEER-Medicare and 100% national Medicare data and determined the extent to which misclassification alters the apparent relationship between volume and operative mortality. This is a retrospective cohort study of SEER-Medicare patients undergoing a major cancer surgery for colon, lung, bladder, and esophageal cancers between 1994 and 1999. Hospital procedure volumes were assessed with both SEER-Medicare and 100% national Medicare data and sorted into terciles. Logistic regression models were fit using generalized estimating equations to assess associations between mortality and volume, as determined from each data source. Compared with 100% Medicare data, SEER-Medicare data misclassified 13% (colectomy) to 36% (esophagectomy) of patients; however, fewer than 3% of patients were misclassified by more than 1 volume stratum. For cystectomy, the apparent association between volume and mortality was relatively weak and not statistically significant based on SEER-Medicare data (adjusted odds ratio, low vs high volume 1.41, 95% confidence interval, 0.89-2.23), but stronger and significant when volume was obtained from 100% Medicare data (odds ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 2.84). For the other 3 procedures, apparent volume/outcome relationships were similar when volume was assessed from the 2 data sources. Hospital volumes are frequently misclassified with SEER-Medicare data. Such misclassification generally biases volume/outcome associations toward the null, but this effect seems to be small for many procedures. Investigators should be cognizant of this bias and exercise caution when interpreting these relationships when using SEER-Medicare data alone.
Variations in the composition and dielectric properties of barrier anodic coatings observed in conjunction with variations in cell voltage and field conditions

We have observed the dielectric, morphological and compositional properties of barrier anodic coatings which form on an aluminum alloy. Anodization cell potentials from 80 to 950 V and two different current density schedules were studied. Our results indicate that substantial amounts of electrolyte byproducts become incorporated in the coatings. The ratio of the concentration of these byproducts to that of aluminum oxide increases with cell voltage. Higher concentrations of these byproducts are found near the exterior surfaces of the coatings than are found in regions near the coating-substrate interface. Coatings grown following a sequence of conditions of fixed current density and cell voltage contain higher concentrations of electrolyte byproducts than coatings grown under fixed current density conditions only. Thin section samples heated in situ in a transmission electron microscope exhibit a slower rate of crystallization in regions containing higher concentrations of electrolyte byproducts. It is generally believed that there is an inverse correlation between the ease with which a barrier anodic coating crystallizes and its dielectric merit. The properties displayed by our coatings tend to support this hypothesis.
Relationship between seed vigor tests and field performance of 'Regar' meadow bromegrass

The standard seed germination test often overestimates actual field emergence. Several physiological and biochemical tests have been developed for evaluating seed vigor in various crops, but the relationship between vigor testing and field performance has not been studied extensively in grasses. The objective of this study was to evaluate several laboratory vigor tests to determine their relationship to field performance of Regar' meadow bromegrass (Bromus bibersteinii Roem & Schult.). Standard germination and accelerated aging tests were used to evaluate four seed lots during the 1985 studies (...)
Theory of thermodiffusiophoresis of spherical aerosol particles

Abstract Theoretical expressions for the motion of spherical aerosol particles in gas mixtures having both temperature and composition gradients are obtained that cover the free-molecule to the continuum regime. The theoretical model treats the aerosol particles as one component of the multicomponent mixture, and yields explicitly the complete pressure and composition dependence of thermodiffusiophoresis. Effects of molecular internal degrees of freedom are included, but not effects connected with the thermal conductivity of the aerosol particles. Thermophoresis and diffusiophoresis are found to interact in three ways with each other in thermodiffusiophoresis. Thermophoresis itself is enhanced in a mixture, diffusiophoresis itself is enhanced in the presence of a temperature gradient, and there is also a direct coupling term involving the translational thermal diffusion factor of the gas mixture. It is shown how to extend the model to include finite boundary spacings, and the case of thermophoresis for a single gas in transition with respect to both particle diameter and boundary spacing is worked out in detail. There is reasonable agreement of the present results with previous theoretical and experimental work where they overlap.
Photoheterotrophic growth of Physcomitrella patens

Physcomitrella patens is a model bryophyte representing an early land plant in the green plant lineage. This organism possesses many advantages as a model organism. Its genome has been sequenced, its predominant life cycle stage is the haploid gametophyte, it is readily transformable and it can integrate transformed DNA into its genome by homologous recombination. One limitation for the use of P. patens in photosynthesis research is its reported inability to grow photoheterotrophically, in the presence of sucrose and the Photosystem II inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, which prevents linear photosynthetic electron transport. In this communication we describe the facile isolation of a P. patens strain which can grow photoheterotrophically. Additionally, we have examined a number of photosynthetic parameters for this strain grown under photoautotrophic, mixotrophic (in the presence of sucrose) and photoheterotrophic conditions, as well as the 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-inhibited state. The ability to grow P. patens photoheterotrophically should significantly facilitate its use in photosynthetic studies.
Prognosis in bilateral vestibular hypofunction.

Objectives/Hypotheses: The outcomes of patients with bilateral vestibular hypofunction vary widely. Some resume relatively normal activity within months, whereas others have a more debilitated course. This study sought to identify factors that may affect outcome. Study Design: A retrospective review of patients treated for bilateral vestibular hypofunction over a 2year period at a neurotology clinic. Methods: Patients' medical charts, electronystagmography data, rotatory chair testing, and posturography results were reviewed. Subjective and objective measures were used to evaluate outcome. Results: Bilateral vestibular hy-pofunction was diagnosed in 35 patients. Improvement after vestibular rehabilitation therapy was noted in 18 patients (51%), whereas 12 (34%) showed little or no change and 5 (15%) were not available for follow-up. The patients without improvement were more likely to have a chronic disorder as a cause of the vestibulopathy and had more medical comorbidities, on average, when compared with those who improved. Lower gains and time constants on rotatory chair testing were also seen in the group that did not improve. Conclusions: Poor rehabilitation results may be attributable to increased severity of vestibular insult, progressive peripheral or central vestibular dysfunction, and multiple medical problems.
Geochemical evidence for Se mobilization by the weathering of pyritic shale, San Joaquin Valley, California, U.S.A.

Abstract Acidic (pH 4) seeps issue from the weathered Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene marine sedimentary shales of the Moreno Formation in the semi-arid Coast Ranges of California. The chemistry of the acidic solutions is believed to be evidence of current reactions ultimately yielding hydrous sodium and magnesium sulfate salts, e.g. mirabilite and bloedite, from the oxidation of primary pyrite. The selenate form of Se is concentrated in these soluble salts, which act as temporary geological sinks. Theoretically, the open lattice structures of these hydrous minerals could incorporate the selenate (SeO 4 −2 ) anion in the sulfate (SO 4 −2 ) space. When coupled with a semi-arid to arid climate, fractional crystallization and evaporative concentration can occur creating a sodium-sulfate fluid that exceeds the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency limit of 1000 μg l −1 for a toxic Se waste. The oxidative alkaline conditions necessary to ensure the concentration of soluble selenate are provided in the accompanying marine sandstones of the Panoche and Lodo Formations and the eugeosynclinal Franciscan assemblage. Runoff and extensive mass wasting in the area reflect these processes and provide the mechanisms which transport Se to the farmlands of the west-central San Joaquin Valley. Subsurface drainage from these soils consequently transports Se to refuge areas in amounts elevated to cause a threat to wildlife.
Bone morphogenetic protein function is required for terminal differentiation of the heart but not for early expression of cardiac marker genes

Abstract To examine potential roles for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in cardiogenesis, we used intracellular BMP inhibitors to disrupt this signaling cascade in Xenopus embryos. BMP-deficient embryos showed endodermal defects, a reduction in cardiac muscle-specific gene expression, a decrease in the number of cardiomyoctes and cardia bifida. Early expression of markers of endodermal and precardiac fate, however, was not perturbed. Heart defects were observed even when BMP signal transduction was blocked only in cells that contribute primarily to endodermal, and not cardiac fates, suggesting a non-cell autonomous function. Our results suggest that BMPs are not required for expression of early transcriptional regulators of cardiac fate but are essential for migration and/or fusion of the heart primordia and cardiomyocyte differentiation.