cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Decorticating Sorghum on Ethanol Production and Composition of DDGS

ABSTRACT The use of a renewable biomass that contains considerable amounts of starch and cellulose could provide a sugar platform for the production of numerous bioproducts. Pretreatment technologies have been developed to increase the bioconversion rate for both starch and cellulosic-based biomass. This study investigated the effect of decortication as a pretreatment method on ethanol production from sorghum, as well as investigating its impact on quality of distillers' dry grains with solubles (DDGS). Eight sorghum hybrids with 0, 10, and 20% of their outer layers removed were used as raw materials for ethanol production. The decorticated samples were fermented to ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Removal of germ and fiber before fermentation allowed for greater starch loading for ethanol fermentation and resulted in increased ethanol production. Ethanol yields increased as the percentage of decortication increased. The decortication process resulted in DDGS with higher protein content and lower f...
Successful Treatment of Acquired Hemophilia With Oral Immunosuppressive Therapy

Background: Acquired autoantibodies to factor VIII in patients without hemophilia are rare, but they cause severe illness and death if not eradicated. Objective: To examine daily therapy with oral ...
Temporal dynamics of directional selectivity in human vision

We used psychophysical reverse correlation to determine how directional signals are integrated across a time window of 300 ms. Directional tuning was time independent within the resolution of our measurements, as demonstrated by the fact that the perceptual filter was almost perfectly separable in its temporal and directional dimensions. The amplitude of the filter peaked very early (30-60 ms) and then quickly decreased to almost zero, after which it increased slightly again. We successfully modeled this bimodal behavior using a simple circuit where each directional filter normalizes its own output, with the normalizing signal delayed by approximately 100 ms.
Computable analysis and Blaschke products

We show that if a Blaschke product defines a computable function, then it has a computable sequence of zeros in which the number of times each zero is repeated is its multiplicity. We then show that the converse is not true. We finally show that every computable, radial, interpolating sequence yields a computable Blaschke product.
Critical values for multiple testing and comparisons: one step and step down procedures

Abstract The methodology developed in Somerville (Proceedings of the 25th Symposium on the Interface, Computing Science and Statistics, April 1993, pp. 352–356; Technical Report TR-94-1, Department of Statistics, University of Central Florida, 1994; Comput. Statist. Data Anal. 25, 1997. 217–233; J. Comput. Graph. Stat. 7 (4), 1998, 529–544) to calculate the constants necessary for one-step and step-down multiple testing, and its computer implementations are reviewed in this paper. The constants can be calculated for arbitrary variance-covariance matrices, arbitrary numbers of populations, and arbitrary number of degrees of freedom for σ2. The methodology is based on methods for calculating values for multivariate normal and multivariate-t integrals over certain convex regions. A comparison of the procedures of Edwards and Berry (Biometrics 43, 1987, 913–928) and Somerville (1997) is given with the latter procedure indicated to be orders of magnitude faster for most practical situations. In addition, an example is given, demonstrating that ignoring correlations of parameter estimates can result in multiple tests for comparisons which are very conservative.
Certain behavioral features in the pariah dog (Canis familiaris) in West Bengal

Abstract Road-side censuses of pariah dogs ( Canis familiaris ) in West Bengal were made between October 1971 and September 1972. The dogs were found only near human habitation and were particularly concentrated near food stalls and small restaurants where they scavenged for food. Diurnal and annual activity of the dogs was negatively correlated with temperature. The single annual reproductive period occurred during the cool months.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency in Men*

The clinical association of absent sexual maturation with anosmia was first described by Kallmann in 1944 Since then, other midline defects such as cleft lip and palate, cranial nerve defects, and color blindness have been associated with this condition and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism added when gonadotropin determinations became available. Subsequent anatomical studies from autopsies of affected patients, and more recently computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have failed to demonstrate associated abnormalities within the hypothalamic-pituitary region. Detailed endocrine evaluation of hypothalamic- pituitary function have confirmed that the functional defect to is limited to GnRH secretion in this syndrome. The subsequent successful stimulation of pituitary release of LH and FSH by synthetic GnRH demonstrated that the defect in these individuals was hypothalamic and not pituitary in origin. Early attempts at reversing GnRH deficiency with the infrequent administration of contin...
Lentivirus-Mediated Gene Transfer to Human Epidermis

For long-term cutaneous gene therapy, the therapeutic gene must be targeted to stem cells and be stably transmitted to and expressed in descendant cells. Retroviral vectors are highly efficient in gene transfer to human keratinocyte stem cells in culture; however, they cannot transduce quiescent stem cells in vivo. As lentiviral vectors (LVV) transduce non-proliferating cells, their ability to target human epidermal stem cells was evaluated. LVV were highly efficient in gene transfer to clonogenic keratinocytes in vitro. Despite higher transgene DNA content and comparable levels of transgene mRNA, levels of transgene product directed by lentivectors were 3-folds lower than that of retrovectors. When transduced keratinocytes were grafted onto mice, transgene expression persisted for at least 20 wk; however, transgene product was detected primarily in the uppermost layers of epidermis. Inclusion of an element that is known to facilitate nuclear export of intron-less transcripts, resulted in enhanced transgene expression in keratinocytes. In vivo transduction of xenografted human skin with these vectors resulted in efficient gene transfer to epidermal progenitor cells. These results demonstrate stem cell transduction by LVV and point out the utility of using these vectors for direct gene transfer to and sustained expression in human epidermis.
Progastrin Peptides Increase the Risk of Developing Colonic Tumors: Impact on Colonic Stem Cells

Pre-neoplastic lesions (ACF, aberrant-crypt-foci; Hp, hyperplastic/dysplastic polyps) are believed to be precursors of sporadic colorectal-tumors (Ad, adenomas; AdCA, adenocarcinomas). ACF/Hp likely originate due to abnormal growth of colonic-crypts in response to aberrant queues in the microenvironment of colonic-crypts. Thus identifying factors which regulate homeostatic vs aberrant proliferation/apoptosis of colonocytes, especially stem/progenitor cells, may lead to effective preventative/treatment strategies. Based on this philosophy, role of growth-factors/peptide-hormones, potentially available in the circulation/microenvironment of colonic-crypts is being examined extensively. Since the time gastrins were discovered as trophic (growth) factors for gastrointestinal-cells, the effect of gastrins on the growth of normal/cancer cells has been investigated, leading to many discoveries. Seminal discoveries made in the area of gastrins and colon-cancer, as it relates to molecular pathways associated with formation of colonic tumors will be reviewed, and possible impact on diagnostic/preventative/treatment strategies will be discussed.
The structure of the mind.

(1949). The Structure of the Mind. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 247-259.
Center Points in Second-Order Response Surface Designs

Previous approaches for selecting the number of center points in a second-order response surface design are explained, and an integrated variance criterion is offered. Calculations extending results in the literature are made for various composite and Box-Behnken designs for 2 ≤ k ≤ 8. The results are compared and discussed and indicate that fewer center points than initially recommended are generally appropriate.
Refined DRGs: Trials in Europe

DRGs have recently been revised to account for severity of illness through a more refined use of additional diagnoses (comorbidities and complications). Under the refined model, patients are differentiated with respect to classes of additional diagnoses that are disease and procedure specific. The Refined DRGs were evaluated with data from selected Barcelona hospitals and the findings compared to those obtained with Norwegian and English hospital discharge information. In terms of predictive performance, the Refined DRGs represent only a very small improvement over the second revision DRGs for the study's sample of European data. This lack of significant improvement is likely attributed to misclassification of the European discharges due to limited reporting of additional diagnoses. It is recommended that European countries use the Refined DRGs as a descriptive framework for reporting utilization statistics in order to encourage more complete reporting of comorbidities and complications.
Time-resolved fluorescence polarization measurements for entire emission spectra with a resistive-anode, single-photon-counting detector: The Fluorescence Omnilyzer

We report a fluorescence analyzer that records simultaneously the temporal profiles for both orthogonal linear polarizations for all wavelengths in a fluorescence emission spectrum. The Analyzer combines a resistive-anode single-photon-counting photomultiplier, imaging spectrograph, Wollaston polarizer, multiparameter analyzer with histograming memory, and standard timing electronics. The spectrograph disperses the fluorescence spectrum across the photocathode of the photomultiplier, and the Wollaston polarizer separates the spectra of the two polarizations in opposite directions from the center of the photocathode perpendicular to the direction of spectral dispersion. The locations at which each photon reaches the photocathode is determined by the ratios of the charges read from the four corners of the resistive anode. One of the two address coordinates that determine where in histogramming memory each photon is recorded is obtained by measuring the time of arrival of the photon at the detector relative ...
Renal Angiotensin Type 2 Receptors Mediate Natriuresis Via Angiotensin III in the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor–Blocked Rat

Whereas angiotensin (Ang) II is the major effector peptide of the renin–angiotensin system, its metabolite, des-aspartyl 1 -Ang II (Ang III), may also have biologic activity. We investigated the effects of renal interstitial (RI) administration of candesartan (CAND), a specific Ang II type 1 receptor (AT 1 ) blocker, with and without coinfusion of PD-123319 (PD), a specific Ang II type 2 receptor (AT 2 ) blocker, on Na + excretion (U Na V) in uninephrectomized rats. We also studied the effects of unilateral RI infusion of Ang II or Ang III on U Na V with and without systemic infusion of CAND with the noninfused kidney as control. In rats receiving normal Na + intake, RI CAND increased U Na V from 0.07±0.08 to 0.82±0.17 μmol/min ( P + restriction, CAND increased U Na V from 0.06±0.02 to 0.1±0.02 μmol/min ( P Na V. However, with systemic CAND infusion, RI Ang III increased U Na V from 0.08±0.01 μmol/min to 0.18±0.04 μmol/min ( P Na V remained elevated throughout the infusion; this response was abolished by PD. However, RI infusion of Ang II did not significantly alter U Na V at any infusion rate (3.5 to 80 nmol/kg per minute) with or without systemic CAND infusion. These results suggest that intrarenal AT 1 receptor blockade engenders natriuresis by activation of AT 2 receptors. AT 2 receptor activation via Ang III, but not via Ang II, mediates the natriuretic response in the presence of systemic AT 1 receptor blockade.
CÁNONES FILOSÓFICOS Y TRADICIONES FILOSÓFICAS. EL CASO DE LA FILOSOFÍA LATINOAMERICANA

This article discusses two topics: how the philosophical canon is established and the reasons why Latin American philosophy is generally excluded both from the canon of western philosophy and the canon of world philosophy. The second topic illustrates the problems that come up in the context of the first and provides answers to them. The article argues that several theories that purport to explain the formation of the canon and the exclusion of certain philosophers from the western philosophical canon in particular, do not do justice to the situation because they ignore the role of tradition in the process. More specifically, the article shows how tradition explains why Latin American philosophy tends to be absent both from the canon of western philosophy and the world canon of philosophy.
Optimal, Systematic, $q$ -Ary Codes Correcting All Asymmetric and Symmetric Errors of Limited Magnitude

Systematic q-ary (q > 2) codes capable of correcting all asymmetric errors of maximum magnitude l , where l ? q - 2, are given. These codes are shown to be optimal. Further, simple encoding/decoding algorithms are described. The proposed code can be modified to design codes correcting all symmetric errors of maximum magnitude l, where l ? (q-2)/2.
Low Inflation vs. Stable Inflation: Evidence from the UK, 1688–2009

This paper investigates the relationship between inflation and inflation volatility. Using annual data from 1688 to 2009, the results show that UK inflation and its volatility have been positively correlated when inflation exceeds a certain value, but negatively correlated when inflation is below this threshold. The evidence also suggests that the break in the relationship occurs between annual inflation rates of 0.6% and 5.5%, which includes both the 2% inflation target of many central banks, and the 3.5% break point predicted by the New Keynesian model of Coibion et al. (2012).
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptides directly stimulate sympathetic neuron neuropeptide Y release through PAC(1) receptor isoform activation of specific intracellular signaling pathways.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptides (PACAP) have potent regulatory and neurotrophic activities on superior cervical ganglion (SCG) sympathetic neurons with pharmacological profiles consistent for the PACAP-selective PAC1 receptor. Multiple PAC1 receptor isoforms are suggested to determine differential peptide potency and receptor coupling to multiple intracellular signaling pathways. The current studies examined rat SCG PAC1 receptor splice variant expression and coupling to intracellular signaling pathways mediating PACAP-stimulated peptide release. PAC1 receptor mRNA was localized in over 90% of SCG neurons, which correlated with the cells expressing receptor protein. The neurons expressed the PAC1(short)HOP1 receptor but not VIP/PACAP-nonselective VPAC1 receptors; low VPAC2 receptor mRNA levels were restricted to ganglionic nonneuronal cells. PACAP27 and PACAP38 potently and efficaciously stimulated both cAMP and inositol phosphate production; inhibition of phospholipase C augmented PACAP-stimulated cAMP production, but inhibition of adenylyl cyclase did not alter stimulated inositol phosphate production. Phospholipase C inhibition blunted neuron peptide release, suggesting that the phosphatidylinositol pathway was a prominent component of the secretory response. These studies demonstrate preferential sympathetic neuron expression of PACAP-selective receptor variants contributing to regulation of autonomic function.
Host and viral factors associated with severity of human rhinovirus-associated infant respiratory tract illness.

Background Risk factors for severe human rhinovirus (HRV)–associated infant illness are unknown. Objectives We sought to examine the role of HRV infection in infant respiratory tract illness and assess viral and host risk factors for HRV-associated disease severity. Methods We used a prospective cohort of term, previously healthy infants enrolled during an inpatient or outpatient visit for acute upper or lower respiratory tract illness during the fall-spring months of 2004-2008. Illness severity was determined by using an ordinal bronchiolitis severity score, with higher scores indicating more severe disease. HRV was identified by means of real-time RT-PCR. The VP4/VP2 region from HRV-positive specimens was sequenced to determine species. Results Of 630 infants with bronchiolitis or upper respiratory tract illnesses (URIs), 162 (26%) had HRV infection; HRV infection was associated with 18% of cases of bronchiolitis and 47% of cases of URI. Among infants with HRV infection, 104 (64%) had HRV infection alone. Host factors associated with more severe HRV-associated illness included a maternal and family history of atopy (median score of 3.5 [interquartile range [IQR], 1.0-7.8] vs 2.0 [IQR, 1.0-5.2] and 3.5 [IQR, 1.0-7.5] vs 2.0 [IQR, 0-4.0]). In adjusted analyses maternal history of atopy conferred an increase in the risk for more severe HRV-associated bronchiolitis (odds ratio, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.14-4.99; P = .02). In a similar model maternal asthma was also associated with greater HRV-associated bronchiolitis severity (odds ratio, 2.49, 95% CI, 1.10-5.67; P = .03). Among patients with HRV infection, 35% had HRVA, 6% had HRVB, and 30% had HRVC. Conclusion HRV infection was a frequent cause of bronchiolitis and URIs among previously healthy term infants requiring hospitalization or unscheduled outpatient visits. Substantial viral genetic diversity was seen among the patients with HRV infection, and predominant groups varied by season and year. Host factors, including maternal atopy, were associated with more severe infant HRV-associated illness.
Additivity Failure in Electron Capture from C-Bearing Molecules to Continuum States of ~MeV/u H+ , He+,++ Projectiles

The failure of additivity in electron capture from molecules to bound states (ECB) of projectiles has been measured sporadically for more than twenty years. To our knowledge there has been no report of similar additivity measurements for electron capture to continuum states (ECC) other than our preliminary conference report for H/sup +/ on hydrocarbons; the measurements reported here are the first to show that additivity of ''atomic'' cross sections fails in ECC processes also. The authors have recently published work in which they have made a first attempt to calculate the magnitude of additivity failure in ECB cross sections for H/sup +/ on hydrocarbon gases (C /SUB m/ H /SUB n/ ) with m ranging from 1 to 4. Here they also attempt to make quantitative estimates of additivity failure in ECC. Again they have used very simple projectiles with about MeV/u energies bombarding a series of hydrocarbon gases with m ranging from 1 to 5. Instead of employing capture-loss calculations, however, which are inherently difficult to apply to small molecules, the authors have made calculations using a geometrical scattering model (GSM) which allows much better averaging over molecular shapes and orientations.
Field Test and Performance Verification: Integrated Active Desiccant Rooftop Hybrid System Installed in a School - Final Report: Phase 4A

This report summarizes the results of a field verification pilot site investigation that involved the installation of a hybrid integrated active desiccant/vapor-compression rooftop heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) unit at an elementary school in the Atlanta Georgia area. For years, the school had experienced serious humidity and indoor air quality (IAQ) problems that had resulted in occupant complaints and microbial (mold) remediation. The outdoor air louvers of the original HVAC units had been closed in an attempt to improve humidity control within the space. The existing vapor compression variable air volume system was replaced by the integrated active desiccant rooftop (IADR) system that was described in detail in an Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) report published in 2004 (Fischer and Sand 2004). The IADR system and all space conditions have been monitored remotely for more than a year. The hybrid system was able to maintain both the space temperature and humidity as desired while delivering the outdoor air ventilation rate required by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Standard 62. The performance level of the IADR unit and the overall system energy efficiency was measured and found to be very high. A comprehensive IAQ investigation was completed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute before and after the system retrofit. Before-and-after data resulting from this investigation confirmed a significant improvement in IAQ, humidity control, and occupant comfort. These observations were reported by building occupants and are echoed in a letter to ORNL from the school district energy manager. The IADR system was easily retrofitted in place of the original rooftop system using a custom curb adapter. All work was completed in-house by the school's maintenance staff over one weekend. A subsequent cost analysis completed for the school district by the design engineer of record concluded that the IADR system being investigated was actually less expensive to install than other less-efficient options, most of which were unable to deliver the required ventilation while maintaining the desired space humidity levels.
Fitness and cardiovascular health, not just a European issue

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of death in both the developed and developing countries.1 Its root causes are clear. They begin in childhood and include genetic susceptibility as well as modifiable risk factors such as obesity, poor nutrition and lack of physical activity.2 Since over 30% of school children are overweight or obese, a large fraction of children enter adulthood with at least one major risk factor for CVD and a shortened lifespan. While there is some regional variation, lack of physical activity also plays a major role.3 In a recent Global Summit in which 15 countries were graded using the Active Healthy Kids Canada Report Card, the grades overall were low or poor.4 In a global study of 39 countries, less than a quarter of children achieved recommended levels of physical activity. Thus, national and international efforts to address the issue of obesity and physical inactivity in childhood are of the highest priority. In 2010, the American Heart Association (AHA) developed a scheme of seven metrics to describe ideal cardiovascular health with four health behaviours (physical activity, body mass index, diet and smoking) and three health factors (blood glucose, cholesterol and blood pressure).5 In their study entitled ‘Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Ideal Cardiovascular Health in European Adolescents,’ Ruiz and colleagues explored whether fitness as measured by a …
THE LYMPHATICS AND LYMPH FLOW IN THE EDEMATOUS SKIN OF HUMAN BEINGS WITH CARDIAC AND RENAL DISEASE

Local intradermal injections of dye have disclosed the fact that the skin lymphatics in regions of cardiac edema are patent, full of fluid and much widened. Intercommunication between them is ready and dye escapes from them more rapidly than from the vessels of normal skin. A retrograde distribution of dye by way of the lymphatics often occurs and it may pass unseen along the deeper channels to emerge in the skin at unexpected, distant situations. A valvular incompetence of the lymphatics consequent on dilatation would appear to be the cause of these phenomena. In regions of cardiac edema lymph stagnates, despite the fact that the channels are open. In nephritic edema the lymphatic capillaries are wider than normal but not as wide as in cardiac edema. No sign of incompetency of the valves is to be observed. Instead lymph flow is considerably greater than normal, even when edema fluid is accumulating. It was noted to be greater in the periods of fluid equilibrium also and extraordinarily rapid in periods of diuresis.
Systemic candidosis in beige mice.

Systemic spread of Candida albicans after intravenous inoculation was compared in beige mice and their functionally normal littermates. The number of colony forming units (c.f.u.) recovered from the kidneys, livers, and spleens of beige mice was substantially greater (100 to 1000-fold) than the number cultured from the respective organs of their functionally normal littermates. Pre-treatment with silica did not alter the number of c.f.u. recovered from the organs of either beige mice or their normal littermates. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that normally functioning polymorphonuclear leukocytes are crucial to the innate defenses that control the proliferation of this fungus.
Classroom ecology: relations between seating location, performance, and attendance.

Data from 70 classes and 1,829 students over a period of 15 years were analyzed. Grade and attendance differences were analyzed for five different seating configurations: by row, by column, the front of the room versus the back of the room, the center of the room versus the perimeter of the room, and the middle of the room versus the sides of the room. Results utilizing numeric percentage grades and attendance percentages indicated students sitting in the more central parts of the class had higher percentage grades and attended classes more frequently than those students sitting in the less central parts of the class. Women attended class more frequently than men, yet there were no sex differences on grades.
PHOTCHEMICAL DEGRADATION OF FLAVINS—III. HYDROXYETHYL AND FORMYLMETHYL ANALOGS OF RIBOFLAVIN*

— The anaerobic photolysis of the flavins containing hydroxyethyl and formythmethyl side-chains in place of the ribityl group of riboflavin has been studied employing spectro-photmetry, thin-layer chromatography and other mehtods. Both flavins are shown to decompose, in part, directly to lumichrome. Acetaldehyde arises from the hudoxyethyl by the flavin nucleus as has been observed previously for riboflavin. The side-chain of the hydroxyethylflavin, is shown to be oxidized to the formylmethyl group. Formylmethylflavin is converted in part to lumichrome and unknown products from the side-chain and in part to a reduced flavin. Formaldehyde could not be detected among the products. Possible mechanisms are discussed briefly.
Smart meters for power grid: Challenges, issues, advantages and status

Smart meter is an advanced energy meter that measures consumption of electrical energy providing additional information compared to a conventional energy meter. Integration of smart meters into electricity grid involves implementation of a variety of techniques and software, depending on the features that the situation demands. Design of a smart meter depends on the requirements of the utility company as well as the customer. This paper discusses various features and technologies that can be integrated with a smart meter. In fact, deployment of smart meters needs proper selection and implementation of a communication network satisfying the security standards of smart grid communication. This paper outlines various issues and challenges involved in design, deployment, utilization, and maintenance of the smart meter infrastructure. In addition, several applications and advantages of smart meter, in the view of future electricity market are discussed in detail. This paper explains the importance of introducing smart meters in developing countries. In addition, the status of smart metering in various countries is also illustrated.
Radiometric-Waveguide Calibrators

We describe the electromagnetic and thermal design, performance, and fabrication for two types of radiometric- waveguide load calibrators. A simple theory is presented and used to minimize the total volume of the absorber structure. These devices have been used from room temperature to below 4 K in microwave to millimeter wavebands. The estimated precision of the calibrator is better than 1 mK absolute at temperatures near 2.7 K.
The flux of226Ra from deep-sea sediments

Abstract The flux of226Ra from bottom sediments has been determined from patterns of226Ra/230Th disequilibrium in ten deep-sea cores from the world oceans. Values range from ≲ 0.0015 dpm/cm2 yr (in the Atlantic) to 0.21 dpm/cm2 yr (in the north equatorial Pacific). The flux is poorly related to sediment type, but is inversely correlated in a non-linear fashion with sediment accumulation rate. There is a direct relationship between the production rate of226Ra near the sediment-water interface (i.e. the integrated230Th activity in the biologically mixed zone) and the226Ra flux. The226Ra concentration in near-bottom water follows the geographic variation in the226Ra flux. The high flux from north equatorial Pacific sediments especially is reflected in the high bottom water226Ra concentrations in that area. The data suggest that both rate of circulation and the magnitude of the radium flux influence the near-bottom226Ra concentration.
Determining the Adequacy of Tests of Children's Language:

The author discusses five key issues related to the adequacy of tests of children's language. Within each key issue, she asks test adequacy questions, accompanied by criteria for determining adequacy. The author also reviews the information found in the manuals for four norm-referenced, standardized tests of language development to illustrate application of her adequacy questions; results for all questions for each test are summarized in tabular form. A table containing all adequacy questions is provided in the Appendix as a review guide; clinicians may apply the guide to other tests of children's language.
First-principles GW-BSE excitations in organic molecules

Abstract We present a first-principles method for the calculation of optical excitations in nanosystems. The method is based on solving the Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) for neutral excitations. The electron self-energy is evaluated within the GW approximation, with dynamical screening effects described within time-dependent density-functional theory in the adiabatic, local approximation. This method is applied to two systems: the benzene molecule, C6H6, and azobenzene, C12H10N2. We give a description of the photoisomerization process of azobenzene after an n–π* excitation, which is consistent with multi-configuration calculations.
Results from a 750 kJ Computer Controlled Sequentially-Fired Pulse Forming Network

The design of a 750 kJ sequentially-fired pulse forming network (SFPFN) is described and recent experimental results in the case of a linear load are presented and compared with simulations. The principal advantages of the sequentially fired network over its passive analogue are its utility in both linear and non-linear load applications. Operation of the SFPFN consists of charging multiple capacitor banks to various levels and sequentially firing these banks into the load at appropriate times. The load characteristics and desired pulse attributes determine the module charge voltage and sequential firing schedule. The SFPFN uses a computer controlled field programmable gate array (FPGA) to trigger the individual module firing intervals. The use of a computer controlled firing circuit provides an opportunity to incorporate real-time load monitoring and feedback to select optimal firing times and durations based on dynamic load conditions. Real-time monitoring also allows for firing sequence abortion in the event of a fault or other potentially harmful event. The charging controller features a computer monitoring and control system to allow a single power supply to charge multiple capacitor modules by an array of switching relays, even though each module may be charged to a different voltage. In linear load testing, the SFPFN provided a relatively constant current pulse to a resistive load.
Behavior, Reproduction, and Development in Little Tinamou (Crypturellus soui)

ABSTRACT Two captive pairs of Little Tinamou (Crypturellus soui) were studied to describe reproduction, development, and associated behaviors of this extremely cryptic forest dwelling species. Pairs were strongly territorial. Precopulatory courtship behaviors were performed by the female. Male tinamous showed strong nest attendance during incubation and sat without leaving the nest from day 14 until the eggs hatched. Nest abandonment and false abandonment occurred due to environmental stress, flushing by humans, eggs being laid in a poor location, and if clutch size was too large. Renewed reproductive efforts began shortly following loss of a previous clutch, with calling activity and inter-clutch duration being a minimum of 3 and 5 days, respectively.
Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: An Initial Experience

BackgroundThe subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) has been developed to avert risks associated with transvenous defibrillator leads. The technology is attractive for younger...
Laparoscopic Whipple: An early experience

Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Background: Laparoscopy has been applied to many intra-abdominal operations and resulted in improved patient-centered outcomes. However, its role in pancreas surgery has been limited. We describe a series of laparoscopic Whipple procedures to evaluate its feasibility and outcomes. Methods: We attempted a totally laparoscopic Whipple procedure in patients with no evidence of major vessel involvement presenting to two surgeons (MAM, BHE) over a two-year period (May 2010 May 2012). We collected data on operative time, estimated blood loss, pancreatic leak, bile leak, delayed gastric emptying, and length of stay. Results: We performed 34 laparoscopic Whipple procedures. Of these, 14 patients had a benign cyst, 17 patients had a malignant tumor, and 3 patients had a neuroendocrine tumor. The mean operative time was 6 hours, 51 min (411 minutes, range1⁄4270-600 minutes). The median estimated blood loss was 300cc (30-4000cc). A subsequent procedure was required in 2 patients (1 for a bleeding pseudoaneurysm and 1 for a bleeding gastric ulcer). Asymptomatic pancreatic leak rate occurred in 4 patients (11.8%) and asymptomatic bile leak occurred in 3 patients (8.8%). All were managed with external drainage alone. Delayed gastric emptying occurred in 3 patients (8.8%) and was self-limited. The median hospital length of stay was 8 days (range1⁄45-25 days). Conversion to open took place in 7 patients. Of these, 2 were due to extent of malignancy, 2 were due to visualization difficulty, 2 were due to bleeding, and 1 was due to a metabolic acidosis due to CO2 insufflation and COPD. The 30-day mortality was zero. Conclusions: In an early personal series performing a totally laparoscopic Whipple, we observed a high feasibility with a reasonable operative time and good patient-centered outcomes. With the optimal pancreas and laparoscopic surgery skills, laparoscopic Whipple can be performed safely.
Operational considerations for delivery of anesthesia in the ambulatory gastrointestinal suite

Abstract As the need for Anesthesiology Services expands beyond the operating room to Gastroenterology venues, collaborative practice standards become increasingly necessary. Goal alignment is critical to assure patient safety, comfort, and optimized outcomes. Anesthesia standards of care and the normal cadence of running a gastrointestinal suite must achieve integration on both an operational and medical level. This becomes more difficult as procedural and patient complexity increase. Significant challenges discussed here include costs and format of preoperative assessment, mutually acceptable scheduling platforms, limitations of non-operating room venues, and management of costs and revenues.
Renal function and magnesium clearance in young and old cows given potassium chloride and sodium citrate.

Six young (3 yr old) and six old (8 to 11 yr old) cows were used to examine renal function, KCl and sodium citrate effects on Mg clearance rate and the relation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to Mg reabsorption. The treatments were 1.5 g KCl/kg body weight (BW) and 1.5 g Na citrate/kg BW. Inulin and p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) clearance rates were used as measures of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), respectively, in control cows on each treatment day. Creatinine clearance rate was also used as a measure of GFR in all cows. Magnesium loading (2.4 mg/kg BW) through continuous intrajugular infusion of MgCl2 facilitated the measurement of changes in Mg clearance rate and reabsorption due to treatment. Inulin and creatinine clearance rates were not different as measures of GFR, and there were no differences in ERPF between young and old cows. Old cows had lower (P less than .05) GFR, creatinine to PAH clearance ratios and tubular reabsorption of Mg than young cows. Intraruminal infusion of KCl and Na citrate increased (P less than .05) the GFR. Potassium chloride increased plasma K concentration (P less than .001), plasma K clearance rate (P less than .002), plasma Na clearance rate (P less than .03), plasma Mg concentration (P less than .05), net tubular reabsorption of Mg (P less than .02), maximum tubular reabsorption of Mg (P less than .002) and plasma PTH concentration (P less than .03). Plasma Mg clearance rate was increased only by Na citrate (P less than .05). These results suggest a possible relationship between age, renal function, Mg antagonists and PTH in Mg homeostasis and in the etiology of hypomagnesemic tetany.
L-NAME antagonizes vasopressin V2-induced vasodilatation in dogs.

Experiments were performed in conscious chronically instrumented dogs to study the mechanism of hemodynamic effects mediated by selective vasopressin V2 agonists. In one group of dogs (n = 5) instr...
Pathways to Stepfamily Living

Why do various pathways to stepfamily formation matter? Stepfamilies are formed in many ways—after death, after divorce, after cohabitations, when lone, never-married parents repartner. The pathways to stepfamily living matter because they are important contexts within which stepfamily relationships are created, developed, and maintained. In this chapter we examine common pathways to stepfamily living—postdivorce, following bereavement, after the separation of never-married cohabiting partners, and when never-married lone parents repartner. Serial unions and multiple partner fertility are examined, as are the implications of these pathways for new stepfamily relationships (e.g., co-parenting, stepparent–stepchild bonds).
Benign Neurologic Complications of Pertussis

The neurologic complications of pertussis infection among 340 unvaccinated patients admitted to hospital between 1979-1994 are reported from the Pediatric Clinic of the University of Catania, Sicily.
Approximate Deconvolution Operators and Models

The great challenge in simulation of turbulent flows from applications ranging from geophysics to biomedical device design is that equations for the pointwise flow quantities are well-known but intractable to computational solution and sensitive to uncertainties and perturbation in problem data. On the other hand, closed equations for the averages of flow quantities cannot be obtained directly from the physics of fluid motion.
Integration of BiFeO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 heterostructures with III–V semiconductors for low-power non-volatile memory and multiferroic field effect transistors

We report on the use of SrTiO3 films on GaAs(001) substrates grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) as intermediate buffer layers for the heteroepitaxial growth of ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) and room temperature multiferroic (ferroelectric/antiferromagnetic) BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films using the pulsed laser deposition technique. The exchange bias coupling effect in the BFO/LSMO heterostructure has been investigated. The magnetization measurements with field cooling exhibit a surprising increment in the magnetic moment with enhanced magnetic hysteresis squareness. This we believe is the consequence of exchange interactions between the antiferromagnetic BFO and the ferromagnetic LSMO at the interface. The integration of BFO materials with LSMO on GaAs substrates facilitated the demonstration of resistive switching based non-volatile memory (NVM) devices which can be faster with lower energy consumption compared to present commercial technologies. Ferroelectric switching observations using piezoresponse force microscopy show polarization switching demonstrating its potential for read–write operation in NVM devices. The ferroelectric and electrical characterization exhibits strong resistive switching with low set/reset voltages. Furthermore, we demonstrate a prototypical epitaxial field effect transistor based on multiferroic BFO as the gate dielectric and ferromagnetic LSMO as the conducting channel. The device exhibits a modulation in channel conductance with a high ON/OFF ratio. This work also demonstrates the first step towards the development of magneto-electronic devices integrated with a compound semiconductor.
Reconciling archaeological and ethnohistoric data for coast-highland interaction in the Cajamarca region

Much of the emergent view of the nature and degree of interactions between the Cajamarca region and the coast comes from coastal or mid-valley contexts, with little evidence derived from the highland Cajamarca region itself. Here I investigate coast–highland interaction from the Late Intermediate Period (LIP; A.D. 1000–1465) Cajamarca settlement of Yanaorco and contrast it with what is known from ethnohistorical sources and other archaeological data sets. Ethnohistoric evidence has indicated a degree of sustained coast–highland interaction as early as the Early Intermediate Period (EIP; A.D. 1–600). For the most part, the archaeological evidence for this interaction is concordant with the ethnohistoric record, but during the LIP a hiatus has been observed, whereas ethnohistoric sources imply high levels of interaction. The new data sets from Yanaorco investigate this discrepancy and show a sharp drop in interaction between coastal and highland groups during the LIP.
Secure Multi-keyword Similarity Search Over Encrypted Cloud Data Supporting Efficient Multi-user Setup

Searchable encryption allows one to store encrypted documents on a remote honest-but-curious server, and query that data at the server itself without requiring the documents to be decrypted prior to searching. This not only protects the data from the prying eyes of the server, but can also reduce the communication overhead between the server and the user and local processing at the latter. Previous research in searchable encryption have investigated exact match search on keywords and boolean expression search on keywords. In this work, we first propose a novel secure and efficient multi-keyword similarity searchable encryption MKSim that returns the matching data items in a ranked order manner. Unlike many existing schemes, our search complexity is sublinear to the total number of documents that contain the queried set of keywords. Our theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme is provably secure against adaptive chosen-keyword attacks, the strongest form of security sought in searchable encryption. Next, we develop a proof-of-concept prototype that we use for experimentation on a large-scale real-world dataset and evaluate the efficiency and scalability of our solution. Finally, we extend the MKSim protocol to the multi-user setting in which the data owner wishes to provide selective access to his encrypted document corpus to more than one user.
Correlation of PTEN loss and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway upregulation with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) development and outcome.

10555 Background: MPNST is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma often arising from preexisting neurofibromas (NF). Our previous study using murine models demonstrated that PTEN loss and PI3K/AKT/mTOR ...
Cytoreductive Surgery for Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A 2-institutional Analysis.

Objective:To refine treatment recommendations for patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and surgery.Background:Early reports suggested that patients with metastatic GIST responding to TKIs treated with surgery may have favorab
Integrating growth stage deficit irrigation into a process based crop model.

Abstract Current rates of agricultural water use are unsustainable in many regions, creating an urgent need to identify improved irrigation strategies for water limited areas. Crop models can be used to quantify plant water requirements, predict the impact of water shortages on yield, and calculate water productivity (WP) to link water availability and crop yields for economic analyses. Many simulations of crop growth and development, especially in regional and global assessments, rely on automatic irrigation algorithms to estimate irrigation dates and amounts. However, these algorithms are not well suited for water limited regions because they have simplistic irrigation rules, such as a single soil-moisture based threshold, and assume unlimited water. To address this constraint, a new modeling framework to simulate agricultural production in water limited areas was developed. The framework consists of a new automatic irrigation algorithm for the simulation of growth stage based deficit irrigation under limited seasonal water availability; and optimization of growth stage specific parameters. The new automatic irrigation algorithm was used to simulate maize and soybean in Gainesville, Florida, and first used to evaluate the sensitivity of maize and soybean simulations to irrigation at different growth stages and then to test the hypothesis that water productivity calculated using simplistic irrigation rules underestimates WP. In the first experiment, the effect of irrigating at specific growth stages on yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) in maize and soybean was evaluated. In the reproductive stages, IWUE tended to be higher than in the vegetative stages (e.g. IWUE was 18% higher than the well watered treatment when irrigating only during R3 in soybean), and when rainfall events were less frequent. In the second experiment, water productivity (WP) was significantly greater with optimized irrigation schedules compared to non-optimized irrigation schedules in water restricted scenarios. For example, the mean WP across 38 years of maize production was 1.1 kg m−3 for non-optimized irrigation schedules with 50 mm of seasonal available water and 2.1 kg m−3 with optimized irrigation schedules, a 91% improvement in WP with optimized irrigation schedules. The framework described in this work could be used to estimate WP for regional to global assessments, as well as derive location specific irrigation guidance.