cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Medical and Invasive Management of Cardiac Thrombosis in Children with Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease

In this manuscript, we review the diagnosis, causes, and management of cardiac thrombosis in children with congenital and acquired heart disease. Indications for invasive management and surgery are discussed. The differential diagnostic considerations and management of cardiac thromboses will be reviewed, including those that occur as a consequence of repair and palliation of congenital heart disease. The definition of venous thromboembolism has recently been expanded to include thromboses within both the right and left heart chambers. Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are emerging as treatment alternatives to the heparins and vitamin K antagonists for the management of thrombosis in pediatric heart disease. Thrombosis within the heart occurs as a consequence of abnormalities and alterations in blood flow resulting in stasis and turbulence. Children with acquired and congenital heart disease carry a number of risk factors in Virchow’s triad. Thrombosis can occur throughout any part of the cardiovascular system in congenital heart disease and after surgery for repair or palliation of defects.
In situ observations of stratospheric HCl using three-mirror integrated cavity output spectroscopy

Abstract. Stratospheric HCl observations are an important diagnostic for the evaluation of catalytic processes that impact the ozone layer. We report here in situ balloon-borne observations of HCl employing an off-axis integrated cavity output spectrometer (OA-ICOS) fitted with a reinjection mirror. Laboratory assessments demonstrated that the spectrometer has a 90 % response time of 10 s to changes in HCl and a 30 s precision of 26 pptv. The instrument was deployed alongside an ozone instrument in August 2018 on a balloon-borne descent between 20–80 hPa (29–18 km altitude). The observations agreed with nearby satellite measurements made by the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder within 10 % on average. This is the first time that stratospheric measurements of HCl have been made with ICOS and the first time any cavity-enhanced HCl instrument has been tested in flight.
Using Natural Language Processing to Automatically Assess Feedback Quality: Findings From 3 Surgical Residencies.

PURPOSE Learning is markedly improved with high-quality feedback, yet assuring the quality of feedback is difficult to achieve at scale. Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms may be useful in this context as they can automatically classify large volumes of narrative data. However, it is unknown if NLP models can accurately evaluate surgical trainee feedback. This study evaluated which NLP techniques best classify the quality of surgical trainee formative feedback recorded as part of a workplace assessment. METHOD During the 2016-2017 academic year, the SIMPL (Society for Improving Medical Professional Learning) app was used to record operative performance narrative feedback for residents at 3 university-based general surgery residency training programs. Feedback comments were collected for a sample of residents representing all 5 postgraduate year levels and coded for quality. In May 2019, the coded comments were then used to train NLP models to automatically classify the quality of feedback across 4 categories (effective, mediocre, ineffective, or other). Models included support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression, gradient boosted trees, naive Bayes, and random forests. The primary outcome was mean classification accuracy. RESULTS The authors manually coded the quality of 600 recorded feedback comments. Those data were used to train NLP models to automatically classify the quality of feedback across 4 categories. The NLP model using an SVM algorithm yielded a maximum mean accuracy of 0.64 (standard deviation, 0.01). When the classification task was modified to distinguish only high-quality vs low-quality feedback, maximum mean accuracy was 0.83, again with SVM. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to examine the use of NLP for classifying feedback quality. SVM NLP models demonstrated the ability to automatically classify the quality of surgical trainee evaluations. Larger training datasets would likely further increase accuracy.
Occipital Neuralgia

Occipital pain is a common complaint amongst patients with headache, and the differential can include many primary headache disorders such as cervicogenic headache or migraine. Occipital neuralgia is an uncommon cause of occipital pain characterized by paroxysmal lancinating pain in the distribution of the greater, lesser or third occipital nerves. Greater occipital nerve blockade with anesthetics and/or corticosteroids can aid in confirming the diagnosis and providing pain relief. However, nerve blocks are also effective in migraine headache and misdiagnosis can result in a false positive. Physical therapy and preventive medication with antiepileptics and tricyclic antidepressants are often effective treatments for occipital neuralgia. Refractory cases may require intervention with pulsed radiofrequency or occipital nerve stimulation.
The Fast Simulation Chain in the ATLAS experiment

The ATLAS experiment relies heavily on simulated data, requiring the production of billions of simulated proton-proton collisions every run period. As such, the simulation of collisions (events) is the single biggest CPU resource consumer. ATLAS’s finite computing resources are at odds with the expected conditions during the High Luminosity LHC era, where the increase in proton-proton centre-of-mass energy and instantaneous luminosity will result in higher particle multiplicities and roughly five-fold additional interactions per bunch-crossing with respect to LHC Run-2. Therefore, significant effort within the collaboration is being focused on increasing the rate at which Monte Carlo events can be produced by designing and developing fast alternatives to the algorithms used in the standard Monte Carlo production chain.
Virtual APPE grand rounds: A learning activity to enhance remote rotations during the COVID-19 pandemic

Context: To assess students’ perception of a virtual learning activity developed for a remote Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) during the peak of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak in New York City. Description of course: Due to the pandemic, many clinical APPEs were converted to remote elective experiences during the final 5-week rotation block (from 1 April to 6 May 2020). A small group of faculty developed and piloted a virtual learning activity (APPE grand rounds) to enhance learning in this setting. Students assigned to participating faculty were tasked to develop 60 to 90-minute presentations scheduled two to three times weekly for large synchronous e-learning experiences across various simultaneous rotations. Evaluation: A questionnaire consisting of nine items utilising a 5-point Likert scale was developed and administered to assess student perception of the virtual format, presentation skills, and overall satisfaction with the experience.
Subunit structure of a laminin-binding integrin and localization of its binding site on laminin

A laminin receptor was isolated from human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells by affinity chromatography on human laminin. The isolated receptor was defined as the α3β1 integrin by immunoprecipitation with subunit-specific antibodies. A previously unclassified laminin-binding integrin from rat cells was shown also to contain the α3 subunit. Both receptors bound to human and mouse laminin in a radioreceptor assay. They also both bound to some extent to fibronectin in this assay, but only the MG-63 cell receptor showed binding to type IV collagen. The binding of the radiolabeled receptor to insoluble laminin was inhibited by unlabeled receptor, by soluble laminin, and by chymotryptic fragments of laminin that have previously been shown to contain neurite-promoting and cell attachment-promoting activities. Moreover, the receptor binding was also inhibited by monoclonal antibodies capable of inhibiting the neurite-promoting activity of laminin and known to bind to laminin near the junction of the long arm and its terminal globule. One of these antibodies was reactive with fusion proteins expressed from laminin cDNA clones. The immunoreactive clones corresponded to the COOH-terminal end of the B1 subunit. These results identify the integrin-type laminin receptor isolated from the osteosarcoma cells as the α3β1 integrin and localize its binding site in close proximity of the B1 subunit COOH terminus.
Academic Salaries and Contracts

Data in this article are from Paying the Professoriate: A Global Comparison of Compensation and Contracts, edited by Philip G. Altbach, Liz Reisberg, Maria Yudkevich, Gregory Androushchak, and Ivan F. Pacheco (New York: Routlege, 2012).
The ecology of internal workplace giving at Indiana University: a case study of faculty and staff campus campaign communications and fundraising

This collective case study examines university-specific philanthropic cultures, campus fundraising campaigns, and their impact on faculty and staff giving to the university. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data, the study documents fundraising strategies through interviews and materials analysis and assesses their results through quantitative data on characteristics of donors and their philanthropic gifts. Examination of fundraising methods reveals differences between demand and supply-side communication strategies with faculty and staff members as internal stakeholders and donors. Concentrating on the campuses of Indiana University, a large, highly diverse public institution in the American Midwest, this study includes analysis of the outcomes of the fundraising process across institutions of different sizes, demographics, and philanthropic cultures. The findings underscore the importance of exploring the characteristics that influence employee donation behaviors as context for the creation and enactment of fundraising campaigns and highlight the need for future research in the area of workplace giving. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signature-Based Time-Series Analysis for System Identification: Methods That Offer Unique Benefits

Nonlinear dynamic models are the essential components of the virtual environments that drive today's design, optimization, control, and automation technology. They are the natural choice for characterizing the behavior of biological, ecological, social, and economic systems, as well as artifacts such as aircraft and manufacturing systems. The art and science of developing models in accordance with the observed input/output data and the corresponding analysis is called system identi cation [1]. When dynamic systems can be modeled by first principles, the models are in the form of differential equations, de ned in terms of physically meaningful variables and parameters (coef cients and exponents). Otherwise, the models are in empirical form as neural networks or autoregressive moving-average models [2]. Regardless of the model form, the output data, acquired in the form of a time series, are the basis of system identication.
Raster Graphics Architectures

The sections in this article are 1 History 2 Basic Raster Graphics Architecture 3 Parallel Raster Graphics Architectures 4 Special Purpose Raster Graphics Architectures Keywords: graphics pipeline; frame buffer memories; video memory; video processor; display processor; geometry and rasterization subsystems; parallel vs. pipelined subsystems; object and image parallelism; special-purpose architectures
Prophylactic, prandial rofecoxib treatment lacks efficacy against acute PTZ-induced seizure generation and kindling acquisition.

Summary Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine whether prophylactic prandial administration of rofecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, could alter seizure generation, kindling acquisition, and/or kindling maintenance in the mouse pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) epilepsy model. Methods: Male CD-1 mice were fed ad libitum with control chow or chow formulated to deliver 30 mg/kg/day rofecoxib. After 5 days, mice were treated with a single dose of 40 or 55 mg/kg PTZ (acute paradigm) or 40 mg/kg PTZ delivered daily (kindling paradigm). Seizure severity was scored on a four-point behavioral scale and COX-2 expression was assessed in brain slices from a subset of mice 3 h or 72 h after acute PTZ or following establishment of kindling. Key Findings: Hippocampal COX-2 expression was transiently upregulated 3 h after an acute PTZ-induced convulsion and returned to baseline levels within 72 h, whereas it remained elevated for at least 72 h after the final seizure in the kindling paradigm. Despite this increase, chronic rofecoxib treatment did not attenuate the severity of acute PTZ-induced seizures and failed to alter kindling development or maintenance. Significance: The present study demonstrates that prophylactic, prandial rofecoxib treatment lacks efficacy against acute PTZ-induced seizure generation and kindling acquisition, and does not reverse the kindled state once established.
Attenuation coefficient and sound speed in human myometrium and uterine fibroid tumors.

Objective. To develop a noninvasive method for treatment of uterine fibroid tumors using high-intensity focused ultrasound. Optimal high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment would be dependent on quantitative information about ultrasonic tissue characteristics. Methods. Ultrasonic attenuation and the sound speed of fresh human fibroid tumors and myometrium were measured as a function of frequency (1-3 MHz) by using a pulse transmission technique before and after in vitro high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment (3.5 MHz at an intensity of 2000 W/cm 2 ) Results. The ranges of the attenuation coefficients, before and after high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment, were 0.9 to 2.2 and 1.8 to 3.9 dB/cm 2 , respectively, for fibroid tumors and 0.5 to 1.6 and 1.7 to 3.3 dB/cm 2 , respectively, for myometrium. Although the sound speed appeared to be independent of frequency (1611 to 1616 m/s at 1 to 3 MHz) in both types of tissues, a slight increase of approximately 4 to 14 m/s was observed after high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment. Conclusions. The results of this study represent our first reported values of the attenuation coefficient and sound speed in fibroid tumors and myometrium before and after high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment.
Promotion and tenure: Carnegie reclassification triggers a revision

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive assessment of promotion and tenure for librarians in light of increased scrutiny and expectations by the administration of Idaho State University (ISU). This increased rigour was prompted by a move up in the Carnegie Classification System. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review was performed using library databases, as well as assessing peer institution promotion and tenure documents. Additionally ongoing feedback from University administrators was solicited. The process took for the creation of a new promotion and tenure document for ISU library took two years from the beginning of the project to the final approved document. Findings – The study found a dearth of performance benchmarks in both literature and peer institution policies and required the authors, along with other library faculty, to create evidence based benchmarks for ISU aligned with traditional standards of teaching, research and service. Originality/value – This...
Skew aberration: a form of polarization aberration

We define a new class of aberration, skew aberration, which is a component of polarization aberration. Skew aberration is an intrinsic rotation of polarization states due to the geometric transformation of local coordinates, independent of coatings and interface polarization. Skew aberration in a radially symmetric system has the form of a circular retardance tilt plus coma aberration. Skew aberration causes undesired polarization distribution in the exit pupil. We demonstrate statistics on skew aberration of 2383 optical systems described in Code V’s U.S. patent library [Code V Version 10.3 (Synopsys, 2011), pp. 22–24]; the mean skew aberration is 0.89° and the standard deviation is 1.37°. The maximum skew aberration found is 17.45° and the minimum is −11.33°. U.S. patent 2,896,506, which has ±7.01° of skew aberration, is analyzed in detail. Skew aberration should be of concern in microlithography optics and other high NA and large field of view optical systems.
Decomposing the impact of alternative technology sets on future carbon emissions growth

Abstract What are the drivers of future global carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions growth and how would the availability of key energy supply technologies change their relative importance? In this paper, we apply a novel index number decomposition technique to the results of a multi-region, multi-sector computable general equilibrium model to quantify the influence of five factors on the growth of future carbon emissions: (1) growth in global economic activity; (2) shifts in the regional composition of gross world product; (3) shifts in the sectoral composition of regions' GDP; (4) changes in sectors' energy–output ratios; and (5) changes in the CO 2 intensity of energy sources. We elucidate how the relative importance of these factors changes in response to the imposition of a global carbon tax and alternative assumptions about the future availability of key energy supply technologies. Rising global economic activity and shifts in regional composition put upward pressure on emissions while changes in energy and emission intensity and the sectoral output mix have attenuating effects. A global emission tax that increases over time slows economic expansion and shifts the fuel mix, with the most pronounced impacts on China, India, and Russia. Limited availability of carbon capture and storage, nuclear, and hydroelectric generation all lead to upward shifts in the long-run marginal abatement cost curve, causing some countries to choose to pay the tax rather than abate.
The impact of Medicaid on children's healthcare and health.

Purpose of reviewThis article reviews the impact of the Medicaid program, including the proportion of children in America insured by Medicaid; the extent to which Medicaid-enrolled children have access to care; the use of services and the quality of care received by Medicaid enrollees, including evi
The antagonism of hydrazine-type inhibitors of monoamine oxidase by sodium pyruvate.

Abstract The incubation of several hydrazine-type inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO) with 0.05–0.10 M sodium pyruvate resulted in a considerable loss of enzyme inhibiting activity. Non-hydrazine inhibitors of MAO were unaffected by this procedure. The activity of the unsubstituted compound, β-phenylisopropylhydrazine (PIH), was also antagonized when injected after administration of large doses of sodium pyruvate to rats. Substituted hydrazines, however, were not antagonized under these in vivo conditions. The preincubation of PIH with pyruvate also caused a loss of pressor activity of the hydrazine compound. It is concluded that the antagonism of the biochemical and pharmacological actions of the hydrazine-type inhibitors of MAO by sodium pyruvate results from an interaction of the hydrazine moiety with the carbonyl group of pyruvate, leading to the formation of a biologically inactive hydrazone structure.
A semi-analytical Monte Carlo simulation method for system's reliability with load sharing and damage accumulation

A novel approach for assessing a systems' reliability with dependency structures, load sharing, and damage accumulation and reversal is proposed in this paper. It is a blend of analytical reliability analysis performed at the component level, and is based on understanding the failure mechanism of the components, and a Monte Carlo simulation for the entire system to assess the reliability at the system level incorporating the dynamics of the system behavior as the components interact, share loads, and age over time. Model reduction is deployed to reduce the complexity and accelerate the simulation and convergence of the analytical methods such as FORM and SORM performed at the component level. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the usability and performance of the method.
Development of Preparative Chiral Separations Using an Intelligent Chiral Resolution System

Chiral preparative chromatography is a technology increasingly used in the pharmaceutical industry to deliver enantiomerically pure drug candidates. A strategy for rapid screening of conditions on polysaccharide chiral stationary phases (CSPs) has been developed with an emphasis on preparative applications. Sample solubility is a major limiting factor in preparative chromatography. Most reported analytical chiral separations on polysaccharide CSPs are with eluent systems consisting of mainly hexane and small amounts of alcohol as a modifier. The intelligent chiral resolution system (ICRS) was developed to emphasize polar solvents as the first choice for eluent systems. Examples of this approach, and details on the screening procedure are presented. Using the system, chiral preparative procedures can be developed for most compounds in approximately 3 hours.
Molecular Binding in the Limit of Very Large Spin—Orbit Interaction

Binding energies and electronic wavefunctions are found for diatomic and methanelike molecules under the restriction that the electronic configuration contains only j = l—½ states. Two models for a diatomic molecule are treated. In the first, the electronic configuration is a p state on one atom and the effect of the other atom is included by a crystal field. In the second model the configuration is an s state on one atom and a p state on the other. The magnitude of the spin—orbit interaction required to make the restriction to j = l—½ states a good approximation is found in each case. In the second case, the binding is reduced by a factor of 3 by the restriction. In the methane molecule the restriction to j = l—½ states requires the inclusion of d states in the configuration. The binding of the methane can be increased by a distortion and experimental evidence for such a distortion in GeH4 and SiH4 is pointed out. Application of this approximation to the electronic structure of actinide complexes is brie...
Endobronchial Metastasis from Cancer of the Breast

Endobronchial metastasis is reported to occur in less than 5 percent of the autopsies of patients dying with extrathoracic malignant neoplasms. Frequently associated primary tumors include those of the kidney, pancreas, colon, ovary, and thyroid. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of cancer of the breast which metastasized to the mucosa of a major bronchus. The possible factors involved in the widespread, early unsual spread in this 25-year-old woman are discussed.
Natural history of the Pan‐American sand beach isopod Excirolana braziliensis (Crustacea: Malacostraca)

A population of the intertidal isopod Excirolana braziliensis was followed over a 10-month period at Naos Island, Panama. Average intertidal density was 2147/m2 with maximum abundance occurring in the highest level. Adults were present only in the highest tidal level. Juveniles were distributed throughout all tidal levels and comprised at least 70% of the population at all times. Mean size of individuals decreased from the highest level seaward. Reproductive females were present the year round. The number of young ranged from four to 17 per brood and was dependent on the length of the female. Adults were very tolerant of changes in temperature and salinity.
Estimation of diffusion and solubility coefficients for water and CO2 in reaction injection molded parts

The evolution of gases from Reaction Injection Molded (RIM) parts during painting causes pinhole surface defects, which result in scrap. The transport of gases plays a major role in this outgassing. The diffusion rates of CO 2 and water through reaction injection molded parts is measured in this work. Despite the presence of glassy hard domains and dispersed microbubbles of size <25 μm (nucleated parts), the diffusion showed Fickian characteristics, and diffusion coefficients were independent of the concentration of water and CO 2 in nucleated and non-nucleated RIM parts. The presence of microbubbles enhances diffusion, which could be predicted from the diffusion rate through the non-nucleated material by using a simplistic one-dimensional model. The diffusion coefficients of water and CO 2 follow an Arrhenius relationship. The solubility coefficients follow a van't Hoff relationship over a wide range of 20 to 150°C. Apart from predicting diffusion and solubility coefficients, for various RIM materials and processing conditions, the estimated parameters will be used to interpret the outgassing phenomenon in a subsequent paper.
Modified theory of disturbances for stationary problems of a charged spherical body in a rarefied plasma

The modified theory of disturbances, which differs from the existent similar theory by the consideration of an additional term in disturbances of concentration and flux density of infinite plasma particles, has been developed for stationary problems of a charged spherical body in a rarefied plasma. It has been indicated that, in the simplest constant centrally symmetric field, the neglect of the above term results in a substantial error in the stationary disturbance of the concentration of infinite particles attracted by this field.
Efficient parasitic substrate modeling for monolithic mixed-A/D circuit design and verification

Parasitic analog-digital noise coupling has been identified as a key issue facing designers of mixed-signal integrated circuits. In particular, signal crosstalk through the common chip substrate has become increasingly problematic. This paper demonstrates a methodology for developing simulation, synthesis, and verification models to analyze the global electrical behavior of the non-ideal semiconductor substrate. First, a triangular discretization method is employed to generate RC equivalent-circuit substrate models which are far less complex than those formulated by conventional techniques. The networks are then accurately approximated for subsequent analysis by an efficient reduction algorithm which uses a well-conditioned Lanczos moment-matching process. Through congruence transformations, the network admittance matrices are transformed to reduced equivalents which are easily post-processed to derive passive, SPICE-compatible netlist representations of the reduced models. The pure-RC properties of the extracted substrate networks are fully exploited to formulate an efficient overall algorithm. For validation, the strategy has been successfully applied to several mixed-signal circuit examples.
Representation of the conceptual change model in science teacher education

A key principle of the Conceptual Change Model is that before learners can consider the plausibility or fruitfulness of a new conception, they must first find it intelligible, which entails access to appropriate modes of representation of the conception. In this article, we explore the application of this principle to the problematic situation of teachers' understanding of conceptual change learning and teaching. Five key conceptions have been singled out for analysis: intelligibility, plausibility, and fruitfulness, together with the conceptions of learning as conceptual change and the nature of conceptual change teaching. Representations of these conceptions, drawn largely from the literature on conceptual change, have been organized around a framework originally developed for representing scientific conceptions in terms of verbal and symbolic definitions, images, exemplars, and analogies/metaphors. Drawing together these representations of key conceptions has accented the diversity of meanings attributed to them. The analysis of conceptions into different representational modes has value to both science teachers and teacher educators in planning how to render key conceptions more readily intelligible to students, as well as evaluating students' work and interpreting classroom discourse. This evaluative use of the representational framework also highlights its potential as a tool for reflection by both students and teachers on their own understandings. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the Foundations of Combinatorial Theory

One of the most useful principles of enumeration in discrete probability and combinatorial theory is the celebrated principle of·inclusion-exclusion (ef. Feller*, FrEchet, Riordan, Ryser). When skillfully applied, this principle has yielded the solution to many a combinatorial problem. Its mathematical foundations were thoroughly investigated not long ago in a monograph by FrEchet, and it might at first appear that, after such exhaustive work, little else could be said on the subject.
Relationship-Based Access Control for Online Social Networks: Beyond User-to-User Relationships

User-to-user (U2U) relationship-based access control has become the most prevalent approach for modeling access control in online social networks (OSNs), where authorization is typically made by tracking the existence of a U2U relationship of particular type and/or depth between the accessing user and the resource owner. However, today's OSN applications allow various user activities that cannot be controlled by using U2U relationships alone. In this paper, we develop a relationship-based access control model for OSNs that incorporates not only U2U relationships but also user-to-resource (U2R) and resource-to-resource (R2R) relationships. Furthermore, while most access control proposals for OSNs only focus on controlling users' normal usage activities, our model also captures controls on users' administrative activities. Authorization policies are defined in terms of patterns of relationship paths on social graph and the hop count limits of these path. The proposed policy specification language features hop count skipping of resource-related relationships, allowing more flexibility and expressive power. We also provide simple specifications of conflict resolution policies to resolve possible conflicts among authorization policies.
Permanent pacemaker for rejection episodes after heart transplantation: a poor prognostic sign.

Background. The development of arrhythmias early or late after heart transplantation has been associated with acute and chronic rejection. This study aims to document the importance of this relationship and its value as a prognostic sign in those patients who required a permanent pacemaker for rejection episodes. Methods. A retrospective analysis of 158 orthotopic heart transplantations performed in 157 patients between December 1988 and April 1995 was done. The clinical course and the outcome of 6 patients who underwent insertion of a permanent pacemaker for bradyarrhythmias caused by acute or chronic allograft rejection were compared with the course and outcome of 9 patients who had pacemaker placement as a result of sinus node dysfunction not associated with rejection. Results. The mortality rate was 100% for patients whose indication for permanent pacing was severe acute or chronic rejection. Conversely, 8 of the 9 patients who underwent pacemaker placement for sinus node dysfunction not associated with rejection are long-term survivors; the one late death was due to a noncardiac cause. Conclusions. We observed a strong relationship between bradyarrhythmias requiring a permanent pacemaker and severe acute or chronic allograft rejection. This association suggests a poor prognosis and indicates that these patients should be managed aggressively. Such management includes close immunologic surveillance for cellular and humoral rejection, increased frequency of endomyocardial biopsies and coronary angiography, and early consideration for retransplantation.
No news is bad news: Market reaction to reasons given for late filing of Form 10-K

Abstract We examine the relation between reasons provided by management for late filing of Form 10-K and the market reaction to news of the late filing. We find negative abnormal returns for firms providing inadequate or boilerplate reasons for late filing (no attribution), and positive abnormal returns for firms that provide apparently legitimate reasons for late filing (attributions). Regression analyses show a positive relation between attributions and two-day CARs, after controlling for the type of earnings news in the notification of late filing found in Form 12b-25 (positive or negative news).
Compositional characteristics of a chloroform/methanol soluble protein fraction from spinach chloroplast membranes.

Abstract Extraction of an aqueous suspension of spinach chloroplast lamellae with a chloroform/methanol mixture leads to solubilization of about 1 3 of the total membrane protein. Amino acid analysis of the chloroform/methanol-soluble protein shows that this fraction is largely enriched in the hydrophobic residues proline, leucine, alanine and phenylalanine and considerably depleted in polar amino acids, namely lysine and arginine. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the solubilized material reveals the presence of a variety of low molecular weight polypeptides (molecular weight ⩽ 25 000), with more than 50% of the total fraction being contributed by a 25 000 dalton band. This band, which accounts for about 25% of the total chloroplast lamellar protein, has recently been identified as the main component of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex. The physiological role of most of the chloroform/methanol-soluble protein fraction is not known at present. From its chemical properties and apparent biological inertness, we propose that it plays mainly a structural role in situ, interacting with the lipid moiety of the chloroplast membrane. The material insoluble in the aqueous chloroform/methanol mixture is largely enriched in manganese, iron, cytochrome and water-soluble proteins, such as chloroplast coupling factor and ribulose diphosphate carboxylase.
Argon matrix isolation study of the interaction of VCl4 with (CH3)2CO

Abstract The matrix isolation technique, combined with infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, has been employed to explore the reaction chemistry of the VCl 4 /(CH 3 ) 2 CO system. Initial twin jet deposition led to formation of an isolated 1:1 complex between the subunits. This complex was characterized by strongly shifted C O and V–Cl stretching modes, as well as by lesser perturbations to additional modes of acetone. Theoretical calculations determined a binding energy for the complex of Δ E 0 298 =−4.3 kcal/mol at the UB3LYP/6-31++G(d,2p) level of theory. Calculated infrared spectra, including deuterium shifts, were overall in good agreement with the experimental spectra. Bands due to the complex grew upon annealing, as well as upon irradiation prior to annealing. Matrices irradiated after annealing showed no change. This result differs markedly from the chemistry of the OVCl 3 /(CH 3 ) 2 CO system, and demonstrates the role of the oxo group in the reaction chemistry.
Pulmonary venous flow in large, uncomplicated atrial septal defect.

Abstract Background: The pulmonary venous flow velocity pattern (PVFVP) in atrial septal defect (ASD) has not been previously studied in detail. Normally, PVFVP is primarily determined by the left heart performance. We hypothesized that the impact of left-sided heart dynamics on PVFVP is diminished in patients with ASD because of the presence of a left-to-right shunt into the low-resistance right side of the heart. Methods and Results: Transesophageal echocardiography was performed in 19 adults and 3 children with a large, uncomplicated secundum ASD (maximum diameter 0.6 to 3.0 cm). All patients were in normal sinus rhythm with an average heart rate of 78 bpm in adults and 116 bpm in children. In 21 subjects the antegrade PVFVP lacked distinct systolic (S) and diastolic (D) waves. Instead, we observed a single continuous antegrade wave extending from the beginning of systole to the onset of atrial contraction. Furthermore, the amplitude of the atrial reversal (AR) wave was smaller than in historical controls. In 3 patients in whom ASD was surgically repaired, we observed an immediate return of distinct S and D waves postoperatively. This confirmed that PVFVP abnormality was indeed the result of the ASD. Also a large increase in the AR wave amplitude (46 + 15 cm/s) was noted postoperatively. Conclusions: This previously unrecognized PVFVP comprising a single continuous antegrade wave and a diminished AR wave sheds new light on the hemodynamics of ASDs. Its presence may also alert the echocardiographer to the possibility of an ASD when the septal defect cannot be visualized directly. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001;14:386-90.)
Socioeconomic and Outdoor Meteorological Determinants of Indoor Temperature and Humidity in New York City Dwellings.

AbstractNumerous mechanisms link outdoor weather and climate conditions to human health. It is likely that many health conditions are more directly affected by indoor rather than outdoor conditions. Yet, the relationship between indoor temperature and humidity conditions to outdoor variability, and the heterogeneity of the relationship among different indoor environments are largely unknown. The authors use 5–14-day measures of indoor temperature and relative humidity from 327 dwellings in New York City New York, for the years 2008–11 to investigate the relationship between indoor climate, outdoor meteorological conditions, socioeconomic conditions, and building descriptors. Study households were primarily middle income and located across the boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, Bronx, and Manhattan. Indoor temperatures are positively associated with outdoor temperature during the warm season and study dwellings in higher socioeconomic status neighborhoods are significantly cooler. During the cool season, outdoo...
Empirical and rational approaches for development of inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus — HIV-1

The human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1, is generally accepted to be responsible for AIDS. It is imperative that all approaches, empirical and rational, be taken for development of a drug for therapy of this disease. These approaches are discussed, with emphasis on the direction being pursued in our laboratory. Empirically, we found 3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine, a compound first synthesized for potential anticancer activity by J. Horwitz in the 1960s, to be a potent inhibitor of HIV-1. It is now in Phase II/III clinical trials. We have also synthesized several 2,5'-anhydro pyrimidine nucleoside analogs, which have interesting chemical and biological properties. We have evaluated a natural product, gossypol and synthesized various derivatives for anti-HIV-1 activity, but none were appreciably more inhibitory than the parent compound. More recently, we have taken the rational approach and synthesized a boron-modified tetrapeptide, Ac-Thr-Leu-Asn-boro-Phe, which corresponds to the COOH-terminal of the Phe-Pro scissle bond of the gag/pol gene polyprotein product. Potent inhibition of the HIV-1 encoded protease was observed. These approaches and findings will be discussed.
Aggregation and Exciton Emission of a Cyanine Dye Encapsulated within Mesoporous MCM-41

We report the formation of monomeric and J-aggregated 1,1‘,3,3‘-tetraethyl-5,5‘,6,6‘-tetrachlorobenzimidazolocarbocyanine (referred to as TTBC) encapsulated within an aluminosilicate mesostructure, specifically MCM-41, under different pH conditions. It was necessary to stabilize the synthesized MCM-41 through use of a silylation reagent, (aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, which cross-links oxygen on the surface (thus thickening the walls of the mesoporous material) and functionalizes the interface for proper guest−host interaction. XRD, UV−vis absorption and fluorescence measurements are used as spectroscopic tools to characterize the various products. The composite consisting of J-aggregated TTBC and the aluminosilicate represents a new fluorescent nanomaterial that possesses the properties of the aggregate, yet avoids the essentially unfettered topography and physical length accompanying the formation of an aggregate in solution or adsorbed onto an interface.
Dental radiology: ageing changes in permanent teeth of beagle dogs

Radiographic interpretation of dental or periodontal disease is dependent in part on an understanding of ageing changes, A progressively ageing colony of healthy beagle dogs (120 to 3759 days) was studied by use of high-detail radiographs made following the death of the dog. Morphological features whose radiographic appearance was found to be especially age-dependent were: root canal size, both vertical and horizontal alveolar bone resorption, visualisation of the lamina dura dentis, and detection of hypercementosis. Understanding of these ageing changes is necessary to avoid over-diagnosis of disease.
Dual affine geometries and alternative bilinear forms

Abstract The classical projective and affine geometries can be described as geometries in which each plane is a Desarguesian projective or affine plane. The principal theorem provides an analogous description for geometries induced on projective space by an alternative bilinear form, which are called symplectic geometries: Let G be a geometry in which each plane is a dual affine plane over a field of q elements, q >2, and suppose that the points and lines of G are points and lines generating some projective space P . Then the lines of G are images of nonisotropic 2-spaces with respect to an alternative bilinear form on the vector space from which P was derived.
Lower Tertiary Paleocurrent Trends, Santa Cruz Island, California: ABSTRACT

The Paleogene sequence of southwestern Santa Cruz Island includes approximately 200 ft of fine-grained, thin-bedded, calcite-cemented, arkosic sandstone of Paleocene (Ynezian(?)-Bulitian) age, approximately 1,400 ft of mainly shale and siltstone of Eocene (Penutian-Narizian) age, and a Narizian unit which consists of a lower coarse-grained sandstone and conglomerate member and an upper shale member. Stratigraphic distribution of cross-bedding, small-scale sedimentary flow structures, imbricated pebbles, and oriented fossils at 36 stations were used to reconstruct the clastic dispersal system and conditions of deposition. The Paleocene sequence contains thin layers of oriented Turritella pachecoensis and Turritella infragranulata. Apical orientations of the larger Turritella specimen have a vector mean of N30°W, whereas apices of the smaller Turritella specimen on the same bedding plane have a vector mean of S70°W. The vector mean of associated cross-beds is S10°E, indicating that in these beds the larger Turritella specimen became oriented with apices pointing upcurrent and the smaller ones acted as rollers and became oriented perpendicular to current-flow direction. Vector means of cross-beds, small-scale flow structures, and imbricated pebbles and shale clasts show a paleoslope of S50°W during Eocene deposition. This is supported by a decrease in thickness and average maximum clast size in the conglomerate member in a southerly direction. Based on Foraminifera, the Eocene mud and silt were deposited in mainly bathyal water, a conclusion also reached by Doerner. Abundant cross-beds, diffuse flat laminations, dish structures, and an absence of graded bedding suggest a nonturbidite flow origin for the sandstone and conglomerate member. Data from this study suggest a northerly source of sediments with the paleoslope changing from S30°E during deposition of the Paleocene deposits to S50°W during deposition of the Eocene. End_of_Article - Last_Page 461------------
Balancing influence between actors in healthcare decision making.

Background: Healthcare costs in most developed countries are not clearly linked to better patient and public health outcomes, but are rather associated with service delivery orientation. In the U.S. this has resulted in large variation in healthcare availability and use, increased cost, reduced employer participation in health insurance programs, and reduced overall population health outcomes. Recent U.S. healthcare reform legislation addresses only some of these issues. Other countries face similar healthcare issues. Discussion: A major goal of healthcare is to enhance patient health outcomes. This objective is not realized in many countries because incentives and structures are currently not aligned for maximizing population health. The misalignment occurs because of the competing interests between “actors” in healthcare. In a simplified model these are individuals motivated to enhance their own health; enterprises (including a mix of nonprofit, for profit and government providers, payers, and suppliers, etc.) motivated by profit, political, organizational and other forces; and government which often acts in the conflicting roles of a healthcare payer and provider in addition to its role as the representative and protector of the people. An imbalance exists between the actors, due to the resources and information control of the enterprise and government actors relative to the individual and the public. Failure to use effective preventive interventions is perhaps the best example of the misalignment of incentives. We consider the current Pareto efficient balance between the actors in relation to the Pareto frontier, and show that a significant change in the healthcare market requires major changes in the utilities of the enterprise and government actors. Summary: A variety of actions are necessary for maximizing population health within the constraints of available resources and the current balance between the actors. These actions include improved transparency of all aspects of medical decision making, greater involvement of patients in shared medical decision making, greater oversight of guideline development and coverage decisions, limitations on direct to consumer advertising, and the need for an enhanced role of the government as the public advocate.
Long-Term Culture of Murine Epidermal Keratinocytes

The production of transgenic and null mice with skin abnormalities makes it increasingly important to establish cultures of mouse epidermal keratinocytes for in vitro studies. This requires that each cell line be derived from a single mouse and that the cells be carried for multiple passages. Freezing the cells would also be advantageous by allowing comparison of keratinocytes from several mouse lines at the same time. Mouse keratinocytes, however, have been exceedingly difficult to grow as primary cultures, and subculturing these cells has been virtually impossible until now. We describe a gentle dissociation method and a highly supplemented fibroblast conditioned medium that allows us to grow and subculture total mouse keratinocytes for up to 19 subcultures, allowing an increase in cell number of greater than 10 logs. Epidermal keratinocytes from newborn mice were grown on collagen IV coated dishes in murine fibroblast conditioned medium with 0.06 mM calcium and added growth factors. The cells could be passaged, frozen as viable stocks, and induced to differentiate. Morphologically the cultured keratinocytes demonstrated a pattern characteristic of basal cells. Stratified cultures which made mouse keratin 1 and profilaggrin through passage 10 were induced by purging the monolayer cultures of growth factors, then adding medium with 0.15 mM calcium; expression of mouse keratin 1 and profilaggrin was lost by passage 15. The methods explained in detail here should be of great interest to investigators who are now trying to analyze skin phenotypes and expression of markers of epidermal differentiation of their transgenic or knockout mice.