cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why doctors should convey the medical consensus on vaccine safety

Public confidence in vaccination is crucial to the success of immunisation programmes worldwide. Yet, growing vaccine hesitancy and refusal poses serious risks to public health. For example, a recent study found that although outright refusal is still relatively uncommon, in a typical month, over 90% of surveyed US physicians receive requests to delay childhood vaccines.1 What is troubling is that most parental concerns about vaccine safety are based on influential misperceptions. Indeed, numerous studies have found that continued belief in the long discredited link between vaccines and autism significantly undermines public confidence in …
Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics and Treatment Effect of 50 Cases of Imported Malaria

Objective To make a systematic analysis of the regional characteristics of imported malaria cases,to provide a theoretical basis for effective prevention and treatment of the disease,and to put forward targeted advice for conducting health education. Methods Retrospective epidemiological method was used to analyze the patients' general information,epidemiological characteristics,clinical manifestations,laboratory indexes,drug treatment method and the curative effects collected on the individual questionnaire. Results The regional imported case showed an upward trend year after year,and the patients were young migrant male workers with low educational background.Clinical manifestations varied,including fatigue,headache,nausea,diarrhea and other symptoms.Laboratory testing showed that leukocyte count and neutrophil ratio were increased,while red blood cell,hemoglobin and platelet count were decreased,with liver and kidney dysfunction.Among the different treatment regimens,the effective rate of artemisinin combined with primaquine was the highest(100%),and there were statistically significant differences in the effective rate,the incidence rate of severe side-effects,and the duration of the disease among the regimens(P0.5).The average duration of the disease in the patients treated with single artemisinin was lower than those of the patients received other regimens. Conclusions Improvement of microscopic examination ability,correct diagnosis,active treatment,and rational use of drugs are essential to ensuring the effective control and cure of the imported malaria cases.Strengthening propaganda and education about malaria knowledge,taking medication effectively,adopting anti-mosquito and other preventive measures,and improving the awareness of the disease in the migrant workers are the important measures to reduce the incidence rate of imported malaria.
Long Working-Distance Optical Trap for in Situ Analysis of Contact-Induced Phase Transformations.

A novel optical trapping technique is described that combines an upward propagating Gaussian beam and a downward propagating Bessel beam. Using this optical arrangement and an on-demand droplet gen...
A Close Watch in a Tight Space: Multiple Foci of Labour Control

According to the twin pillars of China’s economic reform, enterprises have to rely both on science and technology, as well as the improved quality of labourers, to be competitive in the market economy. A disciplined productive body (one of the four ‘haves’ in the ‘New Person’ discussed above) is associated with high quality in labourers. In this association, the potentially antagonistic interests between the labourers and managers are translated as shared interests in the process of both material and spiritual civilization. This chapter compares and contrasts managers’ labour-control mechanisms in Huaqiang and Yonghong. On one level, it is a commonplace that TVEs outpace SOEs in the category of ‘material civilization’, or economic growth. This truism is widely accepted as true for the firms studied here.
Die Kurzgeschichte im Schulunterricht

Bekanntlich wurden Kurzgeschichte und Kurzgeschichtentheorie entscheidend gefordert durch das Interesse der Schule an dieser Gattung. Schon 1950 schlug Emil Belzner vor, die Kultusministerien sollten erwagen, ob nicht die Hefte der Zeitschrift ›Story‹ fur den Literaturunterricht in den oberen Klassen herangezogen werden konnten. Belzner argumentierte, die Kurzgeschichte konne durch ihre stofflichen Reize »eine sinnvolle Brucke von der klassischen Literatur zu modernen Themenkreisen« schlagen und nahm damit bereits einen Hauptaspekt aus der bald darauf einsetzenden ersten Phase der Schuldiskussion vorweg. Es ging Belzner darum, das an der Kurzgeschichte im Unterricht literarische Qualitatsnormen erarbeitet wurden, und die Gattung somit als Gegengewicht zu Kitsch und Kolportage dienen konne.
Evaluation of antibiotic pressurized pulse lavage for contaminated retromuscular abdominal wall reconstruction

Despite patient risk factors such as diabetes and obesity, contamination during surgery remains a significant cause of infections and subsequent wound morbidity. Pressurized pulse lavage (PPL) has been utilized as a method to reduce bacterial bioburden with promising results in many fields. Although existing methods of lavage have been utilized during abdominal operations, no studies have examined the use of PPL during complex hernia repair. Patients undergoing abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) in clean-contaminated or contaminated fields with antibiotic PPL, from January 2012 to May 2013, were prospectively evaluated. Primary outcome measures studied were conversion of retrorectus space culture from positive to negative after PPL and 30-day surgical site infection (SSI) rate. A total of 56 patients underwent AWR, with 44 patients (78.6 %) having clean-contaminated fields and 12 patients (21.4 %) having contaminated ones. Twenty-two patients (39.3 %) had positive pre-PPL cultures, 18 of which (81.8 %) converted to negative cultures after PPL. Eleven patients (19.6 %) developed SSIs. Those with persistently positive cultures after PPL had the highest rate of SSI, where two out of four patients (50.0 %) developed an SSI. Contrastingly, only 5 of 18 patients (27.8 %) who converted from a positive to negative culture after PPL developed an SSI. Our findings demonstrate that antibiotic PPL is an effective method to reduce bacterial bioburden during AWR in clean-contaminated and contaminated fields. While complete conversion and eradication of SSI were not achieved, we believe that PPL may be a useful adjunct to standard operative asepsis in preventing prosthetic contamination during contaminated AWR.
Performance evaluation of urban areas Land Use classification from Hyperspectral data by using Mahalanobis classifier

A growing urbanization required continues observation of Land Use Land Cover (LULC). A Geospatial Technology can provide a sustainable LULC with a good accuracy as compared to traditional way. From past few decades a Panchromatic and Multispectral data were widely used; now with advent in Geospatial Technology a Hyperspectral data can be available for it. Hyperspectral imagery contains diverse information from a wide range of wavelengths. Due to the mix-structure of an urban area, it is very difficult to identify and the classification of an objects. For this work EO-1 Hyperion imaging data were used. Then layer stacking was performed in ENVI tool, after this data was converted to Band Interleaved by Line (BIL) format. Hyperion data has 242 bands but few bands were identified as Bad bands, by removing these bad bands only 196 bands were considered for making Hypercube. Then Mahalanobis classifier was applied and the accuracy of classifier was 88.46% with Kappa Coefficient 0.84.
T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels do not contribute to the negative feedback regulation of myogenic tone in murine superior epigastric arteries

T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (CaV3.2 VGCC) have been hypothesized to control spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) through large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa), and contribute to the negative-feedback regulation of myogenic tone. We tested this hypothesis in superior epigastric arteries (SEAs) isolated from male C57BL/6 mice. SEAs were isolated and enzymatically dissociated to obtain single smooth muscle cells (SMCs) for whole-cell recording of paxilline-sensitive (PAX, 1 μmol/L) STOCs at −30 mV, or cannulated and studied by pressure myography (80 cm H2O, 37°C). The CaV3.2 blocker Ni2+ (30 μmol/L) had no effect on STOC amplitude (20.1 ± 1.7 pA vs. 20.6 ± 1.7 pA; n = 12, P = 0.6), but increased STOC frequency (0.79 ± 0.15 Hz vs. 1.21 ± 0.22 Hz; n = 12, P = 0.02). Although Ni2+ produced concentration-dependent constriction of isolated, pressurized SEAs (logEC50 = −5.8 ± 0.09; Emax = 72 ± 5% constriction), block of BKCa with PAX had no effect on vasoconstriction induced by 30 μmol/L Ni2+ (in the absence of PAX = 66 ± 4% constriction vs. in the presence of 1 μmol/L PAX = 65 ± 4% constriction; n = 7, P = 0.06). In contrast to Ni2+, the nonselective T-type blocker, mibefradil, produced only vasodilation (logEC50 = −6.9 ± 0.2; Emax = 74 ± 8% dilation), whereas the putative T-type blocker, ML218, had no significant effect on myogenic tone between 10 nmol/L and 10 μmol/L (n = 6–7, P = 0.59). Our data do not support a role for CaV3.2 VGCC in the negative-feedback regulation of myogenic tone in murine SEAs and suggest that Ni2+ may constrict SEAs by means other than block of CaV3.2 VGCC.
Napping Characteristics and Restricted Participation in Valued Activities Among Older Adults.

Background Napping is associated with both positive and negative health outcomes among older adults. However, the association between particular napping characteristics (eg, frequency, duration, and whether naps were intentional) and daytime function is unclear. Methods Participants were 2,739 community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years from the nationally representative National Health and Aging Trends Study. Participants reported napping frequency, duration, and whether naps were intentional versus unintentional. Restricted participation in valued activities was measured by self-report. Results After adjusting for potential confounders and nighttime sleep duration, those who took intentional and unintentional naps had a greater odds of any valued activity restriction (ie, ≥1 valued activity restriction), compared to those who rarely/never napped (unintentional odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01, 1.79, intentional OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.09, 2.04). There was no difference between unintentional napping and intentional napping with respect to any valued activity restriction after adjustment for demographics. Compared to participants napping "some days," those napping most days/every day had a greater odds of any valued activity restriction (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.30, 2.16). Moreover, each 30-minute increase in average nap duration was associated with a 25% greater odds of any valued activity restriction (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.10, 1.43). Conclusion Older adults who took more frequent or longer naps were more likely to report activity restrictions, as were those who took intentional or unintentional naps. Additional longitudinal studies with objective measures of sleep are needed to further our understanding of associations between napping characteristics and daytime dysfunction.
Desalination of deep groundwater aquifers for freshwater supplies – Challenges and strategies

Abstract Groundwater depletion is a common problem in most of the countries across the world. This is caused by excess population growth, improved living standards, and climate change issues. Many regions across the world are accessing deep groundwater sources for managing water supply demands. This research article presents issues related to accessing deep groundwater sources in regions like California, USA. Potential environmental, technological and governance related groundwater management issues associated with desalination of deep groundwater reserves are discussed briefly. A concise discussion on global water supply issues and potential strategies to overcome the present barriers are presented for both developed and developing countries.
INTRODUCTION TO THE MOVEMENT SYSTEM AS THE FOUNDATION FOR PHYSICAL THERAPIST PRACTICE EDUCATION AND RESEARCH.

In 2013, the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) adopted an inspiring new vision, "Transforming society by optimizing movement to improve the human experience." This new vision for our profession calls us to action as physical therapists to transform society by using our skills, knowledge, and expertise related to the movement system in order to optimize movement, promote health and wellness, mitigate the progression of impairments, and prevent the development of (additional) disability. The guiding principle of the new vision is "identity," which can be summarized as "The physical therapy profession will define and promote the movement system as the foundation for optimizing movement to improve the health of society." Recognition and validation of the movement system is essential to understand the structure, function, and potential of the human body. As currently defined, the "movement system" represents the collection of systems (cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine, integumentary, nervous, and musculoskeletal) that interact to move the body or its component parts. By better characterizing physical therapists as movement system experts, we seek to solidify our professional identity within the medical community and society. The physical therapist will be responsible for evaluating and managing an individual's movement system across the lifespan to promote optimal development; diagnose impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions; and provide interventions targeted at preventing or ameliorating activity limitations and participation restrictions. Level of evidence: 5.
Deep neural networks and distant supervision for geographic location mention extraction.

Motivation Virus phylogeographers rely on DNA sequences of viruses and the locations of the infected hosts found in public sequence databases like GenBank for modeling virus spread. However, the locations in GenBank records are often only at the country or state level, and may require phylogeographers to scan the journal articles associated with the records to identify more localized geographic areas. To automate this process, we present a named entity recognizer (NER) for detecting locations in biomedical literature. We built the NER using a deep feedforward neural network to determine whether a given token is a toponym or not. To overcome the limited human annotated data available for training, we use distant supervision techniques to generate additional samples to train our NER. Results Our NER achieves an F1-score of 0.910 and significantly outperforms the previous state-of-the-art system. Using the additional data generated through distant supervision further boosts the performance of the NER achieving an F1-score of 0.927. The NER presented in this research improves over previous systems significantly. Our experiments also demonstrate the NER's capability to embed external features to further boost the system's performance. We believe that the same methodology can be applied for recognizing similar biomedical entities in scientific literature.
Ecosystem-Level Consequences of Species Additions and Deletions on Islands

Human activities are changing natural communities and ecosystems at unprecedented rates and spatial scales. Two of the most alarming of these modifications are the exchange of biota among previously isolated regions (introductions) and the loss of native populations and entire species (extinctions). The abundance of species additions and deletions has led to growing concern about the relationship between biological diversity and the capacity of ecosystems to function and to provide the services on which humans depend (Ehrlich and Mooney 1983; Ehrlich and Wilson 1991; Kareiva et al. 1993; Lawton and Jones 1993; Schulze and Mooney 1993).
Ultraviolet Light-Based Current–Voltage Method for Simultaneous Extraction of Donor- and Acceptor-Like Interface Traps in $\beta$ -Ga 2 O 3 FETs

A novel technique is proposed for the simultaneous extraction of energy distribution of donor- and acceptor-like interface trap states [ ${D}_{\text {it}\_{}{D}}$ ( ${E}$ ) and ${D}_{\text {it}\_{}{A}}$ ( ${E}$ )] over a wide range of bandgap energy using deep UV light with sub-bandgap ( ${E}_{\text {ph}}={h}\nu ) photons less than the bandgap of the $\beta$ -gallium oxide ( $\beta$ -Ga2O3) channel material in the $\beta$ -Ga2O3 field-effect transistors. In the proposed technique, we characterized ${D}_{\text {it}\_{}{D}}$ ( ${E}$ ) and ${D}_{\text {it}\_{}{A}}$ ( ${E}$ ) separately based on the difference in the gate voltage ( ${V} _{\text {GS}}$ )-dependent ideality factors [ ${d} \Delta \eta$ ( ${V} _{\text {GS}}$ )/ $dV_{\text {GS}}$ ] for the photoresponsive carriers excited from ${D} _{\text {it}\_{}{D}}$ (E) and ${D} _{\text {it}\_{}{A}}$ ( ${E}$ ) under two different regions ( ${V} _{\text {ON}} and ${V} _{\text {FB}} ) in the subthreshold operation.
A Five-Year Compendium of Proton Test Usage Patterns at the Francis H. Burr Proton Therapy Center

There has been considerable recent interest in the requirements for a proton radiation test program. We present here a five-year detailed analysis of the actual requirements of the users of our proton test services.
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND PHYLOGENETIC-TREE ANALYSIS OF MONIEZIA SPECIES FROM SHEEP IN AL-DIWANIYAH CITY

The present study was performed to detect the molecular and the phylogenetic identification of species that belonging to the genus of Moniezia Blanchard, 1891 which affected intestines of sheep in Al-Diwaniyah city, Iraq; fifty intestine samples were sought for the infestation of Moniezia spp. from the city slaughterhouse from 1 October to 30 November 2017, this tapeworm was found to infest the intestines of 13 sheep. For morphological identify the genus of this tapeworm, eggs from one gravid proglottid of the thirteen worms were examined, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR-product-based sequencing were applied on 4 Moniezia tapeworms targeting a specific region of the 18S rRNA gene. The sequencing has shown 2 species of Moniezia, SP1 and SP2 ,these two species revealed close matching on the phylogenetic tree to an according to the current study findings, Moniezia spp. affect on sheep in the city of Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq, these findings give interesting information about the evolution history of this worm in the studied city.
Prophylactic Versus Therapeutic Mastectomy: A Contemporary Analysis of the ACS-NSQIP Database.

Abstract Introduction The objective of the study was to evaluate the morbidity, mortality, and postoperative outcomes associated with simple or subcutaneous mastectomy in the management of prophylactic versus therapeutic resection. In this study we aimed to assess if simple or subcutaneous mastectomy for prophylaxis affects perioperative outcomes compared with resection performed for biopsy proven malignancy. Materials and Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for subjects who underwent simple or subcutaneous mastectomy between 2007 and 2012. Patient demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results Of the 30,803 patients, 30,644 (99.5%) underwent therapeutic mastectomy and 159 (0.5%) underwent prophylactic mastectomy. Subjects who underwent prophylactic surgery were more likely to be younger (45 vs. 58 years; P Conclusion Prophylactic simple or subcutaneous mastectomy incurs significant additional 30-day postoperative morbidity related to perioperative DVT. Risk-mitigating strategies should be considered in the perioperative care of this patient population.
Biopsy-Negative Rejection Late after Heart Transplantation: Impact on Long-Term Outcome

Purpose Biopsy-negative rejection (BNR) is an entity where the endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) shows no findings of rejection, but there is proven cardiac dysfunction i.e. low echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction or abnormal cardiac hemodynamics . BNR has been noted both early and late after heart transplantation (HTx). It has been reported that late biopsy-proven acute rejection (both cellular and antibody rejection) has been associated with worse outcome. It is not known whether late BNR is associated with long-term adverse outcomes . Methods Between 2008 and 2013, we assessed 33 HTx patients who developed BNR via the following criteria: ACR≤1R, AMR 0, cardiac dysfunction (LVEF≤40%, CI cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) as defined by stenosis ≥ 30% by angiography , and non-fatal major adverse cardiac events (NF-MACE: myocardial infarction , new congestive heart failure , percutaneous coronary intervention, implantable cardioverter defibrillator/pacemaker implant, stroke). Results Late BNR was associated with significantly reduced subsequent 5-year survival and an increase in the development of angiographic CAV compared to those with early BNR. The timing of BNR did not make a difference in the development of NF-MACE. (see Table) Conclusion Late BNR in HTx is associated with poor long-term outcome. The mechanism of this rejection is not clear but represents a heightened immune response that is being missed on EMB. More aggressive augmentation of immunosuppression and/or immunomodulation are indicated in patients presenting with late BNR.
We Teach Who We Are: Creativity in the Lives and Practices of Accomplished Teachers

Background/ContextThere is a strong sense in education that creativity should be nurtured in classroom settings, yet there is little understanding of how effective and creative teachers function. E...
State-of-art carbon and graphene family nanomaterials for asphalt modification

Carbon and graphene family nanomaterials have attracted more attentions and interests in the asphalt modification research due to their superior mechanical properties. This paper provides the state...
Proteomics and Non-proteomics Approaches to Study Stable and Transient Protein-Protein Interactions.

Of the 25,000–30,000 human genes, about 2 % code for proteins. However, there are about 1-2 million protein entities. This is primarily due to alternative splicing, post-translational modifications (PTMs) or protein-protein interactions. Proteomics sets out to identify proteins, their sequence and known modifications as well as their quantitation in a biological sample for the purpose of understanding biological processes, protein cellular functions, and their physiological and pathological involvement in diseases.
Prabhat Dairy: The Crossover Challenge in the Indian Market:

Headquartered in the state of Maharashtra in India, Prabhat Dairy was one of the small, emerging private players in a growing market. India’s dairy market was dominated by farmer cooperatives who c...
Simultaneous quantitative LC-MS method of ketamine, midazolam and their metabolites (dehydronorketamine, norketamine and 1hydroxymidazolam) for its application in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy.

Abstract Ketamine (Ket) and midazolam (MDZ) are commonly administered drugs in the intensive care setting for analgesia and sedation. Ket and MDZ are metabolized to dehydro-norketamine (DHNK), nor-ketamine (NK) and 1-hydroxy midazolam (1HMDZ). Limited studies evaluating their pharmacokinetics exists in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy. Therefore, we developed a quantitative, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (with single ion monitoring) method to simultaneously detect Ket, MDZ and their (DHNK, NK and 1HMDZ) metabolites in human plasma. Considerable sensitivity was obtained for the analytes using a C18 HILIC column operated by a high-performance liquid chromatography system coupled with a Thermo Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Calibration curves were developed for analyte molecules (n = 5) in the presence of carbamazepine (CBZ) as an internal standard. The lower limits of quantitation (LLOQ) for Ket and MDZ were 20 and 10 ng/mL, respectively with the LLOQ for DHNK, NK and 1HMDZ at 470, 320 and 150 ng/ml. Moreover, the percent coefficient of variance and precision for inter- and intra-day runs were within the standards set forth by the ICH and FDA guidelines. This method is sensitive and has been successfully applied to an ongoing pharmacokinetic study in patients on ECMO therapy.
Mapping the Immune Landscape of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Single-Cell RNA-seq

Abstract The immune cells within the tumor microenvironment are considered key determinants of response to cancer immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has transformed the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), although the role of specific immune cell states remains unclear. To characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) of ccRCC, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) along with paired T cell receptor sequencing to map the transcriptomic heterogeneity of 24,904 individual CD45+ lymphoid and myeloid cells in matched tumor and blood from patients with ccRCC. We identified multiple distinct immune cell phenotypes for B and T (CD4 and CD8) lymphocytes, natural kill (NK) cells, and myeloid cells. Evaluation of T cell receptor (TCR) sequences revealed limited shared clonotypes between patients, whereas tumor-infiltrating T cell clonotypes were frequently found in peripheral blood, albeit in lower abundance. We further show that the circulating CD4+ T cell clonality is far less diverse than peripheral CD8+. Evaluation of myeloid subsets revealed unique gene programs defining monocytes, dendritic cells and tumor-associated macrophages. In summary, here we have leveraged scRNA-seq to refine our understanding of the relative abundance, diversity and complexity of the immune landscape of ccRCC. This report represents the first characterization of ccRCC immune landscape using scRNA-seq. With further characterization and functional validation, these findings may identify novel sub-populations of immune cells amenable to therapeutic intervention. One Sentence Summary Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals unique lymphoid and myeloid gene programs with putative functions in clear cell renal cancer patients
The Three Basic Axioms of the Adam Smith-John Maynard Keynes Approach to Decision Making Versus the Three Basic Axioms of Jeremy Bentham and His students (Ricardo, Say, James Mills, J S Mills, Senior, Walras, and Marshall) Approach to Decision Making

Adam Smith and J M Keynes were both practitioners of virtue ethics who rejected Benthamite Utilitarianism. Their axiomatic foundations consist of the following three axioms only. The first is that probabilities are nonadditive, in general. Additivity is a special case. The second is that probability preferences are generally nonlinear. Linearity is a special case. The third axiom, which follows from the first two, is that the relevant information, data, evidence or the knowledge base required in order to make decisions is generally incomplete. A State of completeness of the relevant information, data, evidence or knowledge base is a special case. The axiomatic structure of Benthamite Utilitarianism is practically identical to that which underlies the Rational Expectations-Real Business Cycle – Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium approaches. Bentham’s first axiom was that all probabilities (“uncertainties”) were numerical and additive. Bentham’s second axiom was that all probability preferences were linear. The whole is nothing more than the individual sum of each part. The third axiom was that all the relevant information, data, evidence or knowledge base is complete, so that individual decision makers can make rational (optimal) decisions in both the short run and long run. Based on these three axioms, Bentham asserted that all rational decision makers would be able to actually maximize utility and returns as long as government would “be quit” and “stay out of the sunlight” of businessmen .The normal result would be that an economy would always be operating on the boundary of the Production Possibilities Frontier unless an external shock (war, revolution, plague, etc.) occurred. Smith and Keynes’s axioms are more general than those of Jeremy Bentham and his students. It is impossible to maximize utility or profits, in general, for Smith and Keynes, except as a very special case. The only conclusion possible is that the Rational Expectations-Real Business Cycle – Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium approaches are all very special cases of the more generalized Smith – Keynes axiom set. Keynes did exactly what he said he would do in the General Theory on page 3. He generalized classical and Neoclassical theory by providing a more general axiomatic structure .Modern economists are still working with the special theory of Bentham.
A Response to “Tests for Unconstitutional Partisan Gerrymandering in a Post-Gill World” in a Post-Rucho World

In this article, we respond to the critique by Bernard Grofman (2019) of our 2018 work published in the Election Law Journal, “Redistricting Out Representation: Democratic Harms in Splitting ZIP Co...
Association of Medicare Mandatory Bundled Payment System for Hip and Knee Joint Replacement With Racial/Ethnic Difference in Joint Replacement Care.

Importance There are marked racial/ethnic differences in hip and knee joint replacement care as well as concerns that value-based payments may exacerbate existing racial/ethnic disparities in care. Objective To examine changes in joint replacement care associated with Medicare’s Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model among White, Black, and Hispanic patients. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study of Medicare claims from 2013 through 2017 among White, Black, and Hispanic patients undergoing joint replacement in 67 treatment (selected for CJR participation) and 103 control metropolitan statistical areas. Exposures The CJR model holds hospitals accountable for spending and quality of joint replacement care during care episodes (index hospitalization through 90 days after discharge). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were spending, discharge to institutional postacute care, and readmission during care episodes. Results Among 688 346 patients, 442 163 (64.2%) were women, and 87 286 (12.7%) were 85 years or older. Under CJR, spending decreased by $439 for White patients (95% CI, −$718 to −$161; from pre-CJR spending in treatment metropolitan statistical areas of $25 264) but did not change for Black patients and Hispanic patients. Discharges to institutional postacute care decreased for all groups (−2.5 percentage points; 95% CI, −4.7 to −0.4, from pre-CJR risk of 46.2% for White patients; −6.0 percentage points; 95% CI, −9.8 to −2.2, from pre-CJR risk of 59.5% for Black patients; and −4.3 percentage points; 95% CI, −7.6 to −1.0, from pre-CJR risk of 54.3% for Hispanic patients). Readmission risk decreased for Black patients by 3.1 percentage points (95% CI, −5.9 to −0.4, from pre-CJR risk of 21.8%) and did not change for White patients and Hispanic patients. Under CJR, Black-White differences in discharges to institutional postacute care decreased by 3.4 percentage points (95% CI, −6.4 to −0.5, from the pre-CJR Black-White difference of 13.3 percentage points). No evidence was found demonstrating that Black-White differences changed for other outcomes or that Hispanic-White differences changed for any outcomes under CJR. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of patients receiving joint replacements, CJR was associated with decreased readmissions for Black patients. Furthermore, Black patients experienced a greater decrease in discharges to institutional postacute care relative to White patients, representing relative improvements despite concerns that value-based payment models may exacerbate existing disparities. Nonetheless, differences between White and Black patients in joint replacement care still persisted even after these changes.
Sleep Assessments for Children With Severe Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review

Abstract Objectives To identify the sleep-based instruments in postural care intervention research and examine whether the instruments are suitable as postural care outcome measures specifically for children with severe cerebral palsy. Data Sources Investigators searched the electronic databases from 2 university library systems, including OVID Medline, CINAHL, OT Search, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Health and Psychosocial Instruments for articles published between 2000 and October 2019. Study Selection The initial search yielded 1928 abstracts. Two independent investigators identified 8 English-language peer-reviewed articles that published postural care intervention study results. Data Extraction Investigators screened the 8 articles and found that 6 included sleep as a primary or secondary intervention outcome. The principal investigator then fully reviewed these 6 publications, recorded their sleep-related instruments, and applied Coster’s published guidelines (2013) to analyze the sleep-based instruments' suitability as outcome measures. Data Synthesis: Collectively, the 6 studies used 8 distinct measures, 6 of which (actigraphy, Chailey Sleep Questionnaire, Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, polysomnography, sleep diary, and Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children) underwent analysis. As stand-alone instruments, none completely met criteria for suitability as outcome measures for those with severe cerebral palsy. Conclusions Combined use of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and actigraphy may be favorable for assessing the sleep-related domains relevant to children with severe cerebral palsy. However, rehabilitation professionals should test sensitivity and specificity to understand the instruments’ ability for capturing changes in sleep from postural care intervention.
Giant electrostatic modification of magnetism via electrolyte-gate-induced cluster percolation in L a 1 − x S r x Co O 3 − δ

Electrical control of magnetism is a long-standing goal in science and technology, with the potential to enable a next generation of low-power memory and logic devices. Recently developed electrolyte gating techniques provide a promising route to realization, although the ultimate limits on modulation of magnetic properties remain unknown. Here, guided by a recent theoretical prediction, we demonstrate large enhancement of electrostatic modulation of ferromagnetic order in ion-gel-gated ultrathin films of the perovskite $\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.5}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{0.5}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ by thickness tuning to the brink of percolation. Application of only 3--4 V is then shown capable of inducing a clear percolation transition from a short-range magnetically ordered insulator to a robust long-range ferromagnetic metal with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. This realizes giant electrostatic Curie temperature modulation over a 150 K window, outstanding values for both complex oxides and electrolyte gating. In operando polarized neutron reflectometry confirms gate-controlled ferromagnetism, additionally demonstrating, surprisingly, that electrostatically induced magnetic order can penetrate substantially deeper than the Thomas-Fermi screening length.
Bone Cement Fixation of Stapedotomy Prostheses: Long-term Outcomes in Primary and Revision Stapes Surgery.

Objectives:To describe audiologic outcomes following hydroxyapatite bone cement fixation of stapedotomy prostheses.Methods:A retrospective case review at a tertiary neurotology referral center was ...
The 2014 March 29 X-flare: Subarcsecond Resolution Observations of Fe XXI λ1354.1

The Interface Region Imaging Spectrometer (IRIS) is the first solar instrument to observe ~10 MK plasma at subarcsecond spatial resolution through imaging spectroscopy of the Fe XXI ?1354.1 forbidden line. IRIS observations of the X1 class flare that occurred on 2014 March 29 at 17:48 UT reveal Fe XXI emission from both the flare ribbons and the post-flare loop arcade. Fe XXI appears at all of the chromospheric ribbon sites, although typically with a delay of one raster (75?s) and sometimes offset by up to 1''. 100-200 km s?1 blue-shifts are found at the brightest ribbons, suggesting hot plasma upflow into the corona. The Fe XXI ribbon emission is compact with a spatial extent of <2'', and can extend beyond the chromospheric ribbon locations. Examples are found of both decreasing and increasing blue-shift in the direction away from the ribbon locations, and blue-shifts were present for at least six?minutes after the flare peak. The post-flare loop arcade, seen in Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 131 ? filtergram images that are dominated by Fe XXI, exhibited bright loop-tops with an asymmetric intensity distribution. The sizes of the loop-tops are resolved by IRIS at ?1'', and line widths in the loop-tops are not broader than in the loop-legs suggesting the loop-tops are not sites of enhanced turbulence. Line-of-sight speeds in the loop arcade are typically <10 km s?1, and mean non-thermal motions fall from 43 km s?1 at the flare peak to 26 km s?1 six minutes later. If the average velocity in the loop arcade is assumed to be at rest, then it implies a new reference wavelength for the Fe XXI line of 1354.106 ? 0.023 ?.
The Thirsty Cattle Exception: How an Antiquated Law Could Dry Up Eastern Washington

Groundwater is a scarce resource in the arid plains of the northwestern United States. Accordingly, its high demand by farmers and cattle ranchers has led to a series of laws restricting and governing its use. The Supreme Court of Washington recently ruled in Five Corners Family Farmers v. State that one of these statutes, drafted decades ago, allows for unlimited water to be used for the purposes of watering cattle. This Comment reviews the competing arguments of this case, and focuses on the method the court used in making its determination. This Comment addresses the plain meaning of the statute in question, and suggests that while the court made the correct decision, it may have catastrophic effects on the land and people affected by it.
Changes in intermediate filament composition during neurogenesis.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the studies and related investigations in laboratories pertaining to the intermediate filament (IF) isoforms of the nervous system, particularly those of neurons and their precursors. Results to date relating the expression of different IF isoforms to known events in the generation and differentiation of different cell types support the contention that qualitative differences in these structures may constitute one basis for phenotypic cytoskeletal properties. Although less detailed developmental information is available, it is likely that isoform diversity in tubulin will also turn out to have important functional consequences. In addition, increasing numbers of potential regulatory proteins associated with one or more of the cytoskeletal systems are being identified, and, in a few cases, it has been possible to relate the differential expression of some of these to specific aspects of cytoskeletal organization. Because of the unparalleled diversity of IF isoforms and their cell-type restriction in the mature nervous system as compared with other cell types, it is of particular interest to examine the expression of the neurofilament and other IF subunits during the development of the nervous system, particularly at the time of the generation of postmitotic neuroblasts and initiation of neurite outgrowth. The chapter investigates this in some detail during the embryonic development of the chicken, with interesting results.
Fast searching in a real algebraic manifold with applications to geometric complexity

This paper generalizes the multidimensional searching scheme of Dobkin and Lipton [SIAM J. Comput. 5(2), pp. 181–186, 1976] for the case of arbitrary (as opposed to linear) real algebraic varieties. Let d,r be two positive constants and let P 1,...,P n be n rational r-variate polynomials of degree ≤d. Our main result is an \(O(n^{2^{r + 6} } )\) data structure for computing the predicate [∃i (1≤i≤n)|P i (x)=0] in O(log n) time, for any x∈E r . The method is intimately based on a decomposition technique due to Collins [Proc. 2nd GI Conf. on Automata Theory and Formal Languages, pp. 134–183, 1975]. The algorithm can be used to solve problems in computational geometry via a locus approach. We illustrate this point by deriving an o(n 2) algorithm for computing the time at which the convex hull of n (algebraically) moving points in E 2 reaches a steady state.
PROBING THE ROLE OF THE CARBOXYL TERMINUS OF THE GP91PHOX SUBUNIT OF NEUTROPHIL FLAVOCYTOCHROME B558 USING SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS

Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate a series of substitutions and deletions in the carboxyl-terminal 11 residues of gp91phox, the 91-kDa subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase flavocytochrome b 558. This region encompasses 559RGVHFIF565, implicated as a contact point for the cytosolic oxidase subunit p47phox during oxidase activation, and a carboxyl-terminal phenylalanine (Phe570), which corresponds in position to a highly conserved aromatic residue that interacts with the flavin group in the ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase flavoenzyme family, of which gp91phox is a member. Mutant proteins were expressed in human myeloid leukemia cells which lack expression of endogenous gp91phox due to targeted disruption of the X-linked gp91phox gene. Although specific residues within559RGVHFIF565 had previously been identified by alanine scanning as essential for peptide inhibition of oxidase activity in a cell-free assay, comparable substitutions in the gp91phox polypeptide had either no or only a modest effect on oxidase activity in whole cells. Replacement of nonpolar with polar or charged residues had greater effects on oxidase activity, but were also associated with decreased gp91phox expression, suggesting that overall protein structure was perturbed. No stable gp91phoxprotein was detected upon deletion of the terminal 11 amino acids. Alanine substitution or deletion of the carboxyl-terminal Phe570 in gp91phox resulted in a 2-fold reduction in superoxide production. This contrasts with a ≈300–800-fold reduction reported for comparable mutations in pea ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase, which suggests that structural or functional differences exist between the carboxyl terminus of gp91phox and other ferredoxin-NADP+ reductases.
Physical Education and Recreation: Will They Survive as Separate Entities?

(1979). Physical Education and Recreation: Will They Survive as Separate Entities? Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 50, No. 7, pp. 18-19.
Engine and after-treatment modeling for controls

The low level of exhaust gas emissions from modern vehicles is a major achievement of automotive technology. Since the introduction of exhaust after-treatment catalysts, the emissions have been reduced by well over two orders of magnitude. Low emissions have to be maintained in the presence of hardware faults, degraded catalysts, and varying fuel composition such as ethanol content. Contributions to this achievement come from engine, chemical, and control engineering. The presentation will try to illuminate the role played by control and, in parallel, illustrate selection and application of models in control design. The models considered in this presentation range from very simple to very complex - from frequency domain to PDEs. Operation of the overall emission control system will be described and control designs for several subsystems explained in some detail. The subsystems that are covered in the presentation are the “inner” air-fuel ratio loop which features the Smith Predictor, catalyst modeling for control of the “outer” loop, and adaptive ethanol detection in flex fuel vehicles. Experimental vehicle traces and emission test results will be used to explain the results and illuminate benefits.
The coordination of the uterus in labor

Abstract In this paper two cases of asymmetrical contractions of the uterus in labor are reported. These cases raised the question of the mechanism concerned. A review of the embryology, comparative anatomy, and physiology of the uterus shows that it has a bilateral origin and that the two halves except where fused act more or less independently. On fusion a correlating mechanism becomes manifest. A type of coordinated activity manifested by the postpartum uterus of the dog has been studied. An extrinsic and intrinsic mechanism has been discovered, one resident in the uterine wall and the other in the uterovaginal ganglia, the former being the most important; and it has been found that the dog's uterine motor mechanism in situ manifests the phenomena of refractory period and “summation.” On the basis of a functionally defective coordinating mechanism, the irregularity in the uterine motility, obliquity of the uterus, in the two cases observed, is explained and a basis for the explanation of other types of abnormal motor activity is offered.
Cytoskeletal alterations in Dictyostelium induced by expression of human cdc42.

Summary The rho family of small G proteins has been shown to be involved in controlling actin filament dynamics in cells. To evaluate the functional overlap between human and Dictyostelium G proteins, we conditionally expressed constitutively active human cdc42 (V12-cdc42) in Dictyostelium cells. Upon induction, cells adopted a unique morphology: a flattened shape with wrinkles running from the cell edge toward the center. The appearance of these wrinkles is highly dynamic so that the cells cycle between the wrinkled and relatively normal morphologies. Phalloidin staining indicates that the stellate wrinkles contain dense actin structures and also that numerous filopods project vertically from the center of these cells. Consistent with the hypothesis that cdc42 induces actin polymerization in vivo, cells expressing V12-cdc42 show an increase in the amount of F-actin associated with the cytoskeleton. This is accompanied by an increase in the association of the actin-binding proteins 34-kDa bundler, ABP-120 and α-actinin with the cytoskeleton. In conclusion, human cdc42 has various effects on the Dictyostelium actin cytoskeleton consistent with a conserved role of small GTPases in control of the cytoskeleton.
Atypical neonatal respiratory syncytical virus infection

may include fibrinous pleuritis or pleural effusions, but empyema has not been reported. In several reports, the organisms have been identified in hilar lymph nodes, and in the sinusoids of the spleen and liver1~ no cellular reaction or inflammatory response to the organisms was documented. In our patient, the lesions in the liver and brain resembled those found in the lungs, indicating that under certain circumstances the bacilli may become disseminated and cause multisystem disease. The precipitating factors in our patient likely include the profound immunodeficiency associated with SCID, and potentially the co-presence of parainfluenza virus and Pneumocytis carinii. The present case illustrates severat important points. It documents Legionella pneumophila infection in an infant. The features not reported thus far include disseminated infection with marked tissue reaction in several organs, including liver and brain. Immunocompromise d patients appear to be at the h ighest risk. Since many of these patients develop mixed infections, Legionella pneumophila should be included in the differential diagnosis, with appropriate studies being carried out when confronted with progressive respiratory failure of unknown etiology.