cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Test Anxiety and Emotional Intelligence among Adolescents

Emotional intelligence of adolescents is worth looking, as it plays a key role in their mental health. In this age of globalization, where our traditional way of living is an a transitional phase, there is an increase in competition and stress among adolescents. This paper presents a perspective on relationship between emotional intelligence and test anxiety among adolescents. The sample(n=80) comprised of adolescents in the age range of l4-16 years, who were appearing for the board examination for the first time, are conveninently selected from various higher secondary schools in Trivandrum district, Kerala. Westside Test Anxiety Scale(WTAS) and Emotional intelligence Inventory (EII) are administered. It was hypothesized that emotional intelligence and socio - demographic factors would be a predictor of Test Anxiety. Results showed a negative correlation between emotional intelligence and test anxiety. Also a significant relation between type of family and emotional intelligence of adolescents are proven. It is important that parents should be aware of the emotional states which students are going through, as their support is very much crucial in adolescent's mental health. This study also discusses the implications of present findings, in school counsellig and education.
Comparison of Outcomes for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With and Without Anterior Plate Fixation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Design.Systematic review and meta-analysis.Objective.To compare postoperative surgical, radiographic, and patient-reported outcomes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with and without plate fixation.Summary of Background Data.ACDF has evolved significantly over the years,
The Figure Eight Knot

My final picture story is about visualizing how a knot complement fibers over the circle. This exercise of the imagination consists of filling the void of space, closed up by a single point at infinity to form the 3-sphere, with a continuous succession of surfaces spanning the knot. That is, through each point not on the curve, there will pass a unique copy of a surface whose boundary is the knot.
Basin-Scale Groundwater Flow and Advective Heat Flow: An Example from the Northern Great Plains

Gravity-driven groundwater flow in a confined aquifer system that extends several hundred kilometers eastward from the Black Hills causes anomalous surface heat-flow over an 80,000 km2 area in southern South Dakota and northern Nebraska. Data from 16 new heat- flow holes, existing heat-flow data, and heat-flow values calculated from BHT data show a systematic variation in heat-flow from 20 mW m−2 in the recharge zone to 140 mW m−2 in the discharge zone. Ninety-four conventional heat-flow values and 62 heat-flow values calculated from BHT data yield an average heat-flow of 58 ± 9 mW m−2 for the northern Great Plains exclusive of the anomalous area. The advective heat-flow system is unusual in that temperature gradients in boreholes ranging from 2000 meters deep near the Black Hills to 500 meters deep in central South Dakota show only conductive heat-flow. In effect, the advective system is masked by 500 to 2000 meters of low permeability marine shales that overlie a 600- meter thick confined aquifer system. Numerical models of coupled groundwater heat-flow in the aquifer system suggest that confined water flow at Darcy velocities of 3.17 × 10−8m s−1 to 6.34 × 10−8m s−1 (1 to 2 m y−1)) causes the anomalous heat-flow.
Medical Overview of Sudden In-Custody Deaths

Because of the large number of individuals who are in the custody of law enforcement at any one time, deaths of individuals can occur and should be expected. Estimates regarding the exact numbers of custody deaths vary, but roughly occur at a rate of 0.1 per 100,000 of the total population of citizens in a given community (1). When these deaths are studied, well over half that occur in custody are attributable to natural causes (2, 3, 4, 5). These natural causes are primarily from heart disease, other atherosclerotic diseases, seizure disorders, and alcohol and drug abuse. A large proportion of the remaining deaths in custody are the result of suicide or homicidal and unintentional lethal acts of violence (2). In many of these cases, the victim is simply found dead in the jail cell and a clear cause of death can be determined at the scene or on autopsy.
Dehn Functions and l 1 -norms of Finite Presentations

An l 1-norm function is introduced as a computational tool to estimate the Dehn function of a finite presentation and settle certain imbedding questions for finitely presented groups.
Abstract 2244: Differential DNA methylation analysis of TCGA cholangiocarcinoma data

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), also known as bile duct cancer, is a rare malignancy that develops in bile duct, arising from the epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) lining the bile duct. CCA is the second most common type of primary liver cancer, and its incidence has been rising in the Unites States. Most of the patients with CCA are diagnosed at an advanced stage with a median survival of less than 1 year despite administering chemotherapy. In the current study, we analyze the global patterns of DNA methylation in CCA data from TCGA. Pathway and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) enabled us to understand how changes in methylation and gene expression affect the biologic pathways involved in the progression of CCA. TCGA level-3 DNA methylation data were downloaded for 485,578 CpG sites with annotations. Further, we normalized β value by using Beta Mixed Integer-quantile normalization (BMIQ) to adjust type I and type II probes. For a CpG site to be considered differentially methylated, the difference in the median β value in primary tumor and normal samples should be at least 0.2 and the BH adjusted p-value should be less than 0.005 and AUC ≥ 0.7. A total of 12,259 differentially methylated (Δβ >) CpG were observed; out of these 9,534 are hypermethylated and 2,725 are hypomethylated. About 4,714 differentially methylated CpGs (dm-CpGs) were observed within 1.5Kb from the TSS of corresponding genes. Chromosome 1 has maximum number of dm-CpGs, while chromosome 18 has lowest number of dm-CpGs. Differential DNA methylation frequency per Mb was also calculated and it was observed that chromosome 17 has the highest differential methylation frequency (9.61 dm-CpGs/Mb) while chromosome 18 has the lowest (1.47 dm-CpG/Mb). KEGG pathway analysis of genes with differentially methylated CpGs (Δβ ≥ 0.2) observed the enrichment of cancer, cell division and differentiation, amino acid metabolism, xenobiotics degradation, and immune response pathways. Hippo signaling pathway also got affected by DNA methylation (FDR 3.70e-18), which also got affected by differential gene expression. Change in DNA methylation and gene expression level of hippo signaling pathway genes plays a vital role in CCA. Citation Format: Nitish K. Mishra, Niu Meng, Chittibabu Guda. Differential DNA methylation analysis of TCGA cholangiocarcinoma data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2244.
A Novel Role for α-Importins and Akirin in Establishment of Meiotic Sister Chromatid Cohesion in Caenorhabditis elegans

During meiotic prophase I, sister chromatid cohesion is established in a way that supports the assembly of the synaptonemal complex (SC). The SC connects homologous chromosomes, directing meiotic recombination to create crossovers. In this paper, we identify two proteins that cooperate to import and load meiotic cohesins, thus indirectly promoting SC assembly. AKIR-1 is a protein with a previously identified meiotic role in SC disassembly. akir-1 mutants have no obvious defects in sister chromatid cohesion. We identified ima-2, a gene encoding for an α-importin nuclear transport protein, as a gene interacting with akir-1 Analysis of akir-1;ima-2 double mutants reveals a decrease in the number of germline nuclei and the formation of polycomplexes (PCs) (an SC protein aggregate). These PCs contain proteins that are part of the two main substructures of the SC: the central region and the lateral element. Unlike typical PCs, they also contain sister chromatid cohesion proteins. In akir-1;ima-2 double mutants, PCs are located in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This suggests that the defects observed in the double mutants are both in nuclear import and in the assembly of sister chromatid cohesion. PC formation is also associated with recombination defects leading to reduced numbers of crossovers. Similarly to cohesion mutants, the pairing center protein HIM-8 is mislocalized in akir-1;ima-2 double mutants, forming multiple foci. We propose that AKIR-1 and IMA-2 operate in parallel pathways to import and load chromosomally associated cohesin complex proteins in meiotic nuclei, a novel finding for both of these conserved proteins.
Are Whites Still

The effect of interracial contact in public schools on the enrollment of whites has been an important concern in assessments of desegregation since the 1970s. It has been feared that 'white flight' -- meaning exit from or avoidance of racially mixed public schools -- could undermine the racial contact that desegregation policy seeks to enhance. This study examines this question using recent data. It also expands coverage from large urban districts to entire metropolitan areas, paying attention to the spatial context within which enrollment decisions are made. To do so, it examines data for 1987 and 1996 on racial composition and enrollment in all schools and school districts in 238 metropolitan areas. The study finds that white losses appear to be spurred both by interracial contact in districts where their children attend school and by the opportunities available in metropolitan areas for reducing that contact. Implications for metropolitan segregation are examined.
Sensitivity to Physical and Numerical Aspects of Large-Eddy Simulation of Stratocumulus

AbstractA series of numerical experiments where both physical and numerical model parameters are varied with respect to a reference setup is used to investigate the physics of a stratocumulus cloud...
Therapeutic targeting of nuclear receptors, liver X and retinoid X receptors, for Alzheimer's disease.

After 15 years of research into Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics, including billions of US dollars provided by federal agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and private foundations, there are still no meaningful therapies that can delay the onset or slow the progression of AD. An understanding of the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the hypothesis that pathogenic mechanisms in familial and sporadic forms of AD are very similar led to the assumption that pharmacological inhibition of secretases or immunological approaches to clear amyloid depositions in the brain would have been the core to drug discovery strategies and successful therapies. However, there are other understudied approaches including targeting genes, gene networks, and metabolic pathways outside the proteolytic processing of APP. The advancement of newly developed sequencing technologies and mass spectrometry, as well as the availability of animal models expressing human apolipoprotein E isoforms, has been critical in rationalizing additional AD therapeutics. The purpose of this review is to present one of those approaches, based on the role of ligand-activated nuclear liver X and retinoid X receptors in the brain. This therapeutic approach was initially proposed utilizing in vitro models 15 years ago and has since been examined in numerous studies using AD-like mouse models. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
Quasi-isometries of pairs: Surfaces in graph manifolds

We show there exists a closed graph manifold N and infinitely many non-separable, horizontal surfaces {Sn ↬ N}n∈ℕ such that there does not exist a quasi-isometry π1(N) → π1(N) taking π1(Sn) to π1(S...
ROCK MUSIC AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN HUNGARY

Marxism and nationalism. The political form and meaning of the discourse of national identity in Hungary as it appears in popular culture. Hungarian rock and shamanpunk. The debate over the national flag.
Qubit unitary lattice algorithm for spin-2 Bose–Einstein Condensates. I – Theory and Pade initial conditions

A qubit unitary lattice algorithm is developed for the evolution of five coupled Gross–Pitaesvkii equations that govern the dynamics of a spin-2 Bose–Einstein Condensate. On introducing 2 qubits/sc...
Caloric restriction alters lipid metabolism to contribute to tumor growth inhibition

Dietary interventions can change metabolite levels in the tumor microenvironment, which may then affect cancer cell metabolism to alter tumor growth. Although caloric restriction (CR) and the ketogenic diet (KD) are often thought to inhibit tumor growth through lowering blood glucose and insulin levels, only CR inhibits the growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma allografts in mice, demonstrating that this diet can limit tumor growth in other ways. A change in nutrient availability observed with CR, but not the KD, that can contribute to tumor growth inhibition is lower lipid levels in the plasma and in tumor interstitial fluid. Limiting exogenous lipid availability to cultured cancer cells results in up-regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), an enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. Fatty acid desaturation is required to dispose of toxic saturated fatty acids, and not because monounsaturated fatty acids are specifically needed for proliferation. Surprisingly, CR also inhibits tumor SCD activity, and enforced SCD expression confers resistance to the effects of CR. Therefore, CR both limits lipid availability and impairs tumor SCD activity, thereby limiting cancer cell adaptation to a diet-induced change in the tumor microenvironment that results in tumor growth inhibition.
Pulmonary arterial enlargement and acute exacerbations of COPD

Background: Exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are associated with accelerated loss of lung function and mortality. Identification of patients at risk for these events, particularly those requiring hospitalization, is of major importance. Severe pulmonary hypertension is an important complication of advanced COPD and predicts AECOPD though pulmonary vascular abnormalities also occur early in the disease. We hypothesized that a computed tomography (CT) metric of pulmonary vascular disease (pulmonary artery (PA) enlargement as determined by a PA/Aorta (A) ratio > 1) would predict severe AECOPD. Methods: The COPDGene study is a multicenter, observational trial that enrolled current and former smokers with COPD. We determined the association between PA/A>1 and severe AECOPD requiring hospitalization as reported at enrolment and then examined its utility as a predictor of these events in longitudinal follow-up as well as in an external validation cohort [Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE)] using logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial regression and adjusting for known risk factors for AECOPD. Results: Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated a significant association between PA/A>1 and severe AECOPD [OR 3.60 (95% CI, 2.49-5.22, p 1 also independently predicted the occurrence [OR 2.03 (95% CI, 1.17-3.49, p=0.01) in COPDGene and OR 2.80 (95% CI, 2.11-3.71, p 1 was the strongest predictor of severe AECOPD over both 1 and 3 years of follow-up. Conclusions: CT detected pulmonary artery enlargement (PA/A>1) predicts severe COPD exacerbations.
Luminescence Onset and Mechanism of the Formation of Gold(I)-Thiolate Complexes as the Precursors to Nanoparticles.

Gold(I) (Au(I))–thiolate complexes are widely believed as the precursors to Au nanoparticle formations. While the literature suggests that the Au(III)-to-thiol ligand stoichiometric ratio of 1:3 is...
The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Training on Improving Physical Activity during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract This study aimed to assess whether applied behavior analysis (ABA) procedures such as feedback, goal setting and stimulus control, combined with acceptance and commitment training (ACTr) interventions implemented digitally improve levels of physical activity, consistency with self-care values and psychological flexibility during the COVID-19 pandemic. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across five participants was used in this study. Participants included five women with BMI's in the overweight or obese range. All participants were exposed to two intervention phases. In the first phase, feedback, goal setting and stimulus control procedures were implemented to improve physical activity. In the next phase, these procedures were combined with mindful walking exercises and values clarification exercises. In addition, psychological flexibility related to physical activity and values consistency were measured throughout the study. Results indicated that step count improved with the implementation of ABA + ACTr across all participants. Furthermore, psychological flexibility and self-care value scores improved after the intervention and maintained at 1-week follow-up. Lastly, the impact of physical activity during COVID-19, effectiveness and efficiency of ABA + ACT interventions are discussed.
Regulating sadness: Response-independent and response-dependent benefits of listening to music:

Listening to music is a common method of regulating unpleasant emotions such as sadness, but music listening has not been compared to prototypical interpersonal emotion-regulation strategies. We ex...
Osteoarthritis of the knee: effects on gait, strength, and flexibility

This study examined the differences in gait mechanics, isokinetic knee strength, and flexibility between a group of adults with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee (n = 15) and an age-, mass-, and gender-matched group of control subjects (n = 15). Both groups performed under similar environmental conditions. Our results suggest that patients with symptomatic OA of the knee have poorer flexibility in both the affected and unaffected legs and demonstrate significantly less (p less than .05) knee angular velocity and, to a lesser extent, knee range of motion during gait. They have an increased loading rate in the unaffected leg after heel strike, exert less peak vertical force during pushoff, and are significantly weaker in both the dominant and nondominant legs compared to adults with no lower extremity disease.
Special Events Marketing: an analysis of a County Fair

Abstract Building a community's tourist industry requires the stimulation of a steady inflow of visitors, and visitors' purchase of local goods and services. Staging special events is one means to attracting tourists and earning tourism revenue. This paper analyzed the case of a county fair in western Colorado from a marketing perspective.
Comparing multiple state diagrams to sequence diagrams using super state analysis

This article introduces a new technique for analyzing UML designs using state and sequence diagrams. The Super State Analysis (SSA) identifies the inconsistencies in super states, single step transitions, and sequences. Because SSA considers multiple UML state diagrams, it discovers inconsistencies that cannot be discovered when considering only a single UML state diagram. The analysis identifies five types of inconsistencies: impossible super states, unreachable super states, illegal transitions, missing transitions, and illegal sequences.
Adaptive box filters for removal of random noise from digital images

Adaptive box-filtering algorithms to remove random bit errors and to smooth noisy data have been developed. For both procedures, the standard deviation of those pixels within a local box surrounding each pixel is used. A series of two or three filters with decreasing box sizes can be run to clean up extremely noisy images and to remove bit errors near sharp edges. The second filter, for noise smoothing, is similar to the 'sigma filter' of Lee (1983). The technique effectively reduces speckle in radar images without eliminating fine details.
Conceivable Sterilization: A Constitutional Analysis of a Norplant/Depo-Provera Welfare Condition

The new technology in birth control along with the recent experimentation of state welfare plans raises the question of whether government-promoted sterilization through the use of this new birth control could be part of a constitutionally sound welfare policy. The two new forms of birth control are Norplant which involves the insertion of six silicone rubber tubes containing synthetic progestin hormones into a womans upper arm and Depo-Provera which involves the injection of progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate hormones into a womans buttocks or upper arm. Both methods offer women longer lasting more effective and verifiable birth control that essentially "sterilizes" their ability to become pregnant for a limited time period. The incorporation of these forms of birth control into a welfare program however raises some very important legal and constitutional issues. This Note addresses these issues and considers whether a welfare plan that offers recipients the option to receive an additional benefit on the condition that they take either Norplant or Depo-Provera would be found legally permissible. Most legal analyses of this welfare condition have concluded that conditioning the receipt of an additional benefit on the temporary waiver of an individuals right to have a child is constitutionally impermissible. (excerpt)
Teacher preparation via protocol materials

Abstract The notion of protocols gained initial prominence from a publication by Smith et al. (1969). Protocol materials are either audio, visual or written records of some important classroom or school related event accompanied by theoretical knowledge that illuminates the event, making it more understandable. Most such materials developed in the United States were produced hurriedly in the early seventies. Few of them were subjected to evaluation and in most cases where evaluation occurred it was subpar. Thus the critical variables of protocol materials are still in need of study. Protocols, as other newer instructional alternatives available for use in teacher education, have yet to strike the fancy of the majority of pedagogues.
CD31 expression in plasmacytic/plasmablastic lesions

Although CD31 has been considered one of the better, if not the best, immunohistochemical marker of endothelial cells and thereby vascular neoplasia, it is not unequivocally specific to this group of tumors. We examined CD31 staining in 34 plasmacytic lesions including 15 plasma cell myelomas, 1 extraosseous plasmacytoma, 10 plasmablastic variants of myeloma, 5 plasmablastic non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and 3 reactive plasmacytic infiltrates. All reactive plasma cellular infiltrates, 93% of plasma cell myelomas, 80% of plasmablastic variants of myelomas, and 20% of plasmablastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases were CD31 positive with usually diffuse and strong membranous staining. When ERG staining was performed, none were ERG positive. Plasmablastic variant of myeloma is another large cell malignancy that has the potential to be mistaken for a poorly differentiated epithelioid vascular neoplasm if CD31 is presumed to be an explicit marker of endothelial cells.
A self-replicating peptide

The production of amino acids and their condensation to polypeptides under plausibly prebiotic conditions have long been known. But despite the central importance of molecular self-replication in the origin of life, the feasibility of peptide self-replication has not been established experimentally. Here we report an example of a self-replicating peptide. We show that a 32-residue alpha-helical peptide based on the leucine-zipper domain of the yeast transcription factor GCN4 can act autocatalytically in templating its own synthesis by accelerating the thioester-promoted amide-bond condensation of 15- and 17-residue fragments in neutral, dilute aqueous solutions. The self-replication process displays parabolic growth pattern with the initial rates of product formation correlating with the square-foot of initial template concentration.
Samuelson and rothbard: Two texts and two legacies

N otwithstanding the seeming popularity of the political slogan, "It's the economy, s tupid ," i t should come as no surprise to readers of this journal that the suggestions of prominent members of the economics profession are more often derisively dismissed or taken only with several none-too-small grains of salt rather than accepted as flowing from the fount of wisdom. One reason for the ambivalence with which the general public views economists is the schizophrenic nature of most of their analyses and policy recommendations. For example, at a time when most academic economists have abandoned the old Keynesian framework, both analysts and makers of policy still cling to the Keynesian paradigm (Mankiw 1990, pp. 1645-660). Even Alan Greenspan, that supposed champion of the free-market economy, has all the earmarks of a Keynesian when faced with the daunting task of staring down an approaching recession following an inflationary boom (Herbener 1995, 1998). Such schizophrenia also persists in the realm of economic journalism. An archetypical example is a recent news item bearing the headline, "Behind Slow Growth in Europe: Citizens' Tight Grip on Wallets" (Walker 2004, p. A1). In this story, seeking to explain why economic growth in Europe is slower than in the United States, the Wall Street Journal reporter cites the rather draconian regulatory environment with which entrepreneurs must cope. This seems like sound economic analysis, until the writer reveals his assumption that the negative effect such regulation has on economic expansion is felt most directly in inhibiting consumption spending, which it is implicitly assumed drives the economy. Thus we have a quintessential example of the mixing of sound concerns regarding burdensome regulations with a Keynesian fixation on consumption spending and its contribution to aggregate demand.
Solubilization, stabilization and isoelectric focusing of human liver neuraminidase activity

Homogenate preparations of human liver have been prepared and over 75% of the particulate neuraminidase activity (which comprises approx. 90% of the total activity) has been solubilized using 0.85% (w/v) Triton X-100 in 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). The solubilized neuraminidase activity is extremely labile, but can be stabilized for at least 4 weeks at 2-4 degrees C, using 10 mM N-acetylneuraminic acid. Kinetic characterization of homogenate and solubilized supernatant fluid neuraminidase activities indicated comparable pH optimum curves (maximum activity at pH 4.5-4.7) and apparent Km values (0.2-0.4 mM) for the synthetic fluorometric substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid. Isoelectric focusing has been performed on human liver homogenates and Triton X-100-solubilized neuraminidase activities, and the presence of several forms (4-6) with isoelectric points (pI values) between 4.4 and 5.2 has been demonstrated in both preparations. The similar kinetic and isoelectric focusing properties of the two preparations suggest that the solubilized enzyme activity is representative of the homogenate activity and that the solubilized enzyme is suitable for purification purposes.
Pharmacology of a potential anti-Parkinson agent: tigloidine.

Abstract Pharmacological activity of tigloidine hydrobromide, a naturally occuring analogue of atropine, was investigated in mice, rats, cats and dogs. In mice it markedly antagonized the effects of physostigmine and tremorine but failed to protect the animals against nicotine toxicity. On the autonomic nervous system, it had a weak parasympatholytic and gangliolytic effect compared to atropine and scopolamine. It produced hypotension in the cat which was due to both peripheral and central actions of the drug. Tigloidine did not cause any behavioral abberations in cats and dogs. However, it potentiated the amphetamine-induced behavior changes in these animals. It caused potentiation of mono and polysynaptic reflexes in the cat. In view of the reported usefulness of tigloidine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, its probable site and mode of action are discussed.
Pan‐Africanism and African‐American Liberation in a Postmodern World: A Review Essay

This review essay explores Josiah Young's project of developing a liberatory Pan-Africanism that is attuned to cultural diversity and Victor Anderson's advocacy of postmodern cultural criticism in African-American religious thought. After situating African-American religious thought as a branch of Africana thought, the author examines these two religious thinkers' work as an effort to forge a position on African-American religious thought—including its relation to theology—in an age where even theory is treated as a god that is about to die. At the conclusion, secularism emerges as a religious project that normatively undergirds the methodological dimensions of these works.
Observation of the relaxation of composition fluctuations in a binary liquid mixture

Light scattering was used to study the decay of concentration fluctuations in a critical mixture of isobutyric acid and water. The aim of the experiment was to study the dynamic interaction between composition and velocity in the mixture. At large wavenumber, the structure factor S(k, t) is observed to decay exponentially, with a relaxation rate somewhat smaller than the equilibrium value. At small k, however, there is a marked departure from the exponential relaxation one expects in the absence of coupling between composition and velocity. Also measured was the spinodal ring diameter, km, as a function of the total scattered intensity, Ctot(t) = (2π)−2 ∫ S(k, t)k2dk. A calculation of Ruiz, based on the above coupling effect, predicts a linear variation of Inkm(t) with Ctot(t) and such a linear variation is observed.
Headgroup dimerization in methanethiol monolayers on the Au(111) surface : A density functional theory study

A long-standing controversy related to the dimer pattern formed by S atoms in methanethiol $(\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{H})$ on the Au(111) surface has been resolved using density functional theory. Here, dimerization of methanethiol adsorbates on the Au(111) surface is established by computational modeling. For methylthiolate $(\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{S})$, it is shown that the S atoms do not dimerize at high coverage but reveal a dimer pattern at intermediate coverage. Molecular dynamics simulation at high coverage demonstrates that the observed dialkyl disulfide species are formed during the desorption process, and thus are not attached to the surface.
The Spatially Interactive Literature Analysis System Study Tool: A GIS-Based Approach to Interpreting History in the Classroom

The integration of spatial technologies with humanistic approaches to scholarship is expanding and creating new opportunities and challenges for students. Documenting information about source material is a fundamental step of the historical research process. Traditional geospatial data documentation is maintained within standardized metadata forms, but these are not well suited for documenting historical sources and are cumbersome for people new to GIS and metadata. The Spatially Interactive Literature Analysis System Study Tool (SILAS.ST) addresses this and other usage issues for students in undergraduate humanities courses. Through customized toolbars and map templates designed to be used with Esri software, SILAS.ST lowers the barriers to understanding the parameters of spatial datasets while at the same time models the processes of historical inquiry, documentation, and communication of research results. The use of natural language and focused prompts help students begin to understand complex mapping topics such as authorship, relevance, purpose, and uncertainty. This prototype tool aids in the introduction of digital mapping technologies to humanities students.
Automatic structure recovery for additive models

We propose an automatic structure recovery method for additive models, based on a backfitting algorithm coupled with local polynomial smoothing, in conjunction with a new kernel-based variable selection strategy. Our method produces estimates of the set of noise predictors, the sets of predictors that contribute polynomially at different degrees up to a specified degree M, and the set of predictors that contribute beyond polynomially of degree M. We prove consistency of the proposed method, and describe an extension to partially linear models. Finite-sample performance of the method is illustrated via Monte Carlo studies and a real-data example.
Law enforcement officers serving as jurors: Guilty because charged?

Abstract Anecdotal evidence suggests that it is unwise for a criminal defense lawyer to allow a law enforcement officer, former law enforcement officer, or relative/close friend of an officer to serve as a juror. This project examined the decisions of 2853 jurors of whom 235 reported being or having been a law enforcement officer and 1348 reported knowing a close friend or relative who is or was an officer. Participants watched a videotape of a trial of a burglary of a habitation and were asked to give individual verdicts. Results indicated that the average conviction rate was 57.6%. Past and present officers did not differ in their conviction rate from non-officer jurors. Jurors who indicated knowing a past or present law enforcement officer did not convict the defendant more than those who did not know anyone in law enforcement. Implications for this research are discussed.
Single molecule spectroscopy reveals heterogeneous transport mechanisms for molecular ions in a polyelectrolyte polymer brush.

Single molecule polarization and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy were used to evaluate heterogeneous transport mechanisms of molecular ions within supported polyelectrolyte brushes. Modes of diffusive transport include periods of significantly restricted rotational motion, often maintained over tens of milliseconds; periods of fast molecular rotation; and occasional adsorption of fluorescent probe molecules in the brush. The studies reveal rapid switching between orientational states during each observed mode of motion. Through quantitative analysis of state occupation times, the rate constants for transitions from weakly associated to strongly associated states were extracted. Additionally, the pH dependence of the ion transport rates in the brush exhibits an abrupt, rather than continuous, trend. These single molecule studies demonstrate the presence of dynamic anisotropic interactions between the charged molecular probe and the polymer brush and provide experimental evidence of stimuli responsive...
Collaboration between nurses and chaplains for spiritual caregiving

Objectives: To discuss three ambiguities that may accompany nurse-chaplain collaboration in providing spiritual care: confusion about the meaning of "spiritual" and related terms, spiritual assessment and the referral process, and the role of clergy. Data sources: Review and research articles related to nursing and pastoral care, and documented standards. Conclusion: Effective nurse-chaplain collaboration is necessary (especially considering current health care system changes) to provide adequate spiritual care. Additionally, the increased involvement of both nurses and chaplains in ethical issues is likely to make nurse-chaplain collaboration increasingly important. Implications for nursing practice: Nurses must collaborate with chaplains and relate to clergy to provide spiritual care for cancer patients and families. Knowledge of assessment differences between nurses and chaplains, terminology, and role of clergy will enhance this collaboration.
Surface currents, scattering, and applications in the Rayleigh region

Extended Maue integral equations for determining the surface magnetic fields and currents are developed and applied for points of discontinuous and continuous surface normal. Methods using the associated integral operators are shown to be useful in obtaining solutions which otherwise might not be tractable. Application is made to evaluate the total surface current on a perfectly conducting sphere for general plane wave incident fields. The dyadic result becomes, at normal incidence, proportional to the incident surface current, which, in all cases of field incidence, has a Rayleigh region limiting value of 3/2. The nature of the dyadic result is examined and the behavior of the limiting current ratio is briefly treated for nonspherical shapes including its deviation from 3/2 for near-spherical shapes.
Linear feedback control and approximation for a system governed by unsteady MHD equations

Abstract We are concerned with the feedback control of unsteady flow of an electrically conducting fluid, confined to a bounded region of space and driven by a combination of distributed body force and externally generated currents. The flow is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations and Maxwell’s equations, coupled via Ohm’s law and the Lorentz force. The mathematical formulation and numerical resolution of the linear feedback control problem for tracking velocity and magnetic fields of electrically conducting flows in two dimensional domain are presented. Semi-discrete in time and full space–time discrete approximations are also studied. Computational results showing the efficacy of the feedback control are presented and compared with analogous results using optimal control theory.
Torsional piezoelectric crystal viscometer for compressed gases and liquids

A torsional piezoelectric crystal viscometer for compressed gases and liquids at temperatures to 600 K and a pressures to 70 MPa has been developed. Several torsional crystals were prepared from swept (electrolyzed) quartz to obtain a good performance at high temperatures. Measurements of the bandwidth of the crystal resonance curve were automated using an impedance analyzer. The viscometer was tested on compressed gaseous argon and methane at temperatures to 500 K and at pressures to 50 MPa. The measurements differ from accurate wide-range correlating equations by less than 2%.
Solubilities of volatile solutes in poly(vinyl acetate) from 125 to 200°C

Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) was used to measure Henry's law constants for ethylene, ethane, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, methyl chloride, vinyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, and acetone in liquid poly(vinyl acetate) in the region 125 to 200°C. Retention-time differences were measured relative to nitrogen and corrections for nitrogen's finite solubility were applied; these corrections are significant when measuring the solubilities of sparingly soluble solutes by the GLC method. The effect of GLC column diameter is discussed.
Investment principles and strategies of faith-based funds

Purpose – To examine the rationale for the investment principles adopted by faith‐based funds from a biblical perspective and to evaluate the performance of faith‐based ethical funds.Design/methodology/approach – A multi‐factor Carhart model is applied to examine the risk‐adjusted financial performance and investment strategies of faith‐based ethical funds.Findings – The statistical results indicate that the faith‐based funds as a group do not under‐perform the market on a risk‐adjusted basis.Practical implications – This suggests that investment managers may incorporate moral/ethical components into their investment decisions without unduly shortchanging their clients for whom they have fiduciary duties.Originality/value – This is one of the very few papers which study faith‐based funds.
Cluttered writing: adjectives and adverbs in academia

Scientific writing is about communicating ideas. Today, simplicity is more important than ever. Scientist are overwhelmed with new information. The overall growth rate for scientific publication over the last few decades has been at least 4.7 % per year, which means doubling publication volume every 15 years. I measure simplicity/readability with proportion of adjectives and adverbs in a paper, and find natural science to be the most readable and social science the least readable.
Estimating Self-Reported News Exposure Across and Within Typical Days: Should Surveys Use More Refined Measures?

Mass communication researchers have an interest in accurately measuring media exposure. Survey measures often ask respondents about the number of days in a week or the hours in a day that they use a medium. These two strategies (and their composite—hours per week) have yet to be directly compared to one another, so their relative usefulness for researchers is unknown. Analyses of data from the 2008 American National Election Studies Time Series Study suggest few benefits from measuring news exposure using both approaches. The measures of exposure as days per week, minutes per day, and minutes per week (the product of the first two) operate similarly as predictors of political knowledge, perceived issue distances between presidential candidates, days per week talking about politics, levels of community involvement, and voter turnout.
Characterization of patients with glycerol kinase deficiency utilizing cDNA probes for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus.

Genomic DNA from five previously unreported patients with glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD), dystrophic myopathy, and adrenal insufficiency were studied with genomic probes and cDNA probes for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) locus. These individuals, together with those reported by ourselves and others, show that patients with a contigous gene syndrome involving the DMD, GK, and adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) loci have a broader distribution of microdeletion breakpoints than those observed among patients with classical DMD. This study demonstrates the use of the DMD cDNA probes to delineate the centromeric deletion breakpoints for patients with Xp21 microdeletions extending beyond the DMD locus. It also shows the practical diagnostic application of the DMD cDNA probes when the diagnosis of GKD is entertained in a patient with known DMD and only DNA is available for study.
Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy 3. Correction for macroscopic roughness

Abstract A mathematically rigorous formalism is derived by which an arbitrary photometric function for the bidirectional reflectance of a smooth surface may be corrected to include effects of general macroscopic roughness. The correction involves only one arbitrary parameter, the mean slope angle θ , and is applicable to surfaces of any albedo. Using physically reasonable assumptions and mathematical approximations the correction expressions are evaluated analytically to second order in θ . The correction is applied to the bidirectional reflectance function of B. Hapke (1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 3039–3054). Expressions for both the differential and integral brightnesses are obtained. Photometric profiles on hypothetical smooth and rough planets of low and high albedo are shown to illustrate the effects of macroscopic roughness. The theory is applied to observations of Mercury and predicts the integral phase function, the apparent polar darkening, and the lack of limb brightness surge on the planet. The roughness-corrected bidirectional reflectance function is sufficiently simple that it can be conveniently evaluated on a programmable hand-held calculator.
Immunocytochemical demonstration of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor in the pineal gland: effect of NGF on pinealocyte neurite formation

Abstract Nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity (NGFRI) in the pineal gland was examined both light and electron microspically using the monoclonal antibody 192 IgG. NGFRI was located on sympathetic fibers and on perivascular cells resembling macrophage/microglia. A pineal gland dispersed cell culture model confirmed the presence of NGFRI in cellsthat exhibited processes of varying lengths and were distributed among pinealocytes and other cells. Pinealocytes in dispersed cell culture were identified immunocytochemically by their expression of S-antigen, their round shape and small size and their tendency to extent neurites in the direction of the flat cells in culture. The length of pinealocyte neurites showed a significant increase when cultured in the presence of NGF (25 ng/ml), suggesting that trophic factors, mediated by these macrophage/microglial cells, are important to the morphogenesis of these neuroendocrine cells. Neutotrophic activation of these neuroendocrine macrophage/microglia may have neuro-immunomodulatory implications leading to expression of proteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex.
Moisture effects on the behavior of graphite/polyimide composites

The effect of moisture on the material behavior of Magnamite® IM7 Graphite/Avlmid® K3B thermoplastic polyimide composite laminates has been investigated. Laminates consisting of a 62 vol% fiber were laid up with several different stacking sequences : [90] 10 or unidirectional, [O 2 /90] s or thin cross-ply, [0 2 /90 2 /0 2 ] s or thick cross-ply, [45/0/-45/90] s or quasi-isotropic, and [0/90] laminates. In this study, the glass-transition temperature, T g , and the intralaminar fracture toughness, G Ic , were measured for dry and moisture-saturated unidirectional samples. When laminates were saturated with moisture, the value of T g was found to decrease from its baseline (dry) value, but recovered upon redrying the samples. This observation is consistent with the effects of moisture on the T g of other polymer composites. Permanent toughness losses have not been observed in samples conditioned in room-temperature 75% and 100% relative humidity environments. However, during long-term conditioning of cross-ply and quasi-isotropic samples in liquid water, transverse cracks initiated in the absence of an applied mechanical load. Moisture uptake curves for conditioning in room-temperature liquid water, 80°C (176°F) liquid water, and at room temperature and 75% relative humidity were used to calculate Henry's Law constants and diffusion coefficients. Non-Fickian behavior, consisting of a postsaturation increase in moisture uptake, was observed in cross-ply and quasi-isotropic laminates and might be due to the observed transverse cracking.
Coordination number and local composition in binary mixtures of spherical adhesive particles

Abstract A continuum model for binary liquid mixtures is used to investigate local compositions. The separate and combined effects of size and energy differences are explored, as well as the choice of mixing rules, for all bulk compositions of the system. The adhesive intermolecular potential of Baxter is used for this purpose because it has a simple solution and permits an unequivocal definition of nearest neighbors in the mixture. The separate coordination numbers are also computed. The applicability of the lattice-based local composition models which form the basis for many thermodynamic models is examined.
Mechanical properties in tension of mechanically attrited nanocrystalline iron by the use of the miniaturized disk bend test

Abstract The mechanical properties of warm compacted nanocrystalline (nc) iron powder compacts of near theoretical density in the grain size range between 8 and 33 nm were investigated. The elastic and plastic behavior were characterized by miniaturized disk bend tests and hardness measurements. Light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to document the deformation and fracture morphologies. The Young's modulus of the nc Fe was essentially the same as that of coarse grained Fe. All samples failed in a macroscopically brittle manner. Local plasticity in shear bands was observed in the samples with the larger grain sizes (>20 nm). An increasing failure stress with increasing grain size is probably due to a processing effect on the flaw controlled failure of the samples. The results are discussed in the context of the deformation and fracture behavior of micrometer grain size metals and alloys.