cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combination treatment with ABT-737 and chloroquine in preclinical models of small cell lung cancer

New therapies are urgently needed for patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Chemotherapy and targeted therapies, including the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737, may induce tumor cell autophagy. Autophagy can promote survival of cancer cells under stress and comprise a pathway of escape from cytotoxic therapies. We explored the combination of ABT-737 and chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy, in preclinical models of SCLC. These included cell culture analyses of viability and of autophagic and apoptotic pathway induction, as well as in vivo analyses of efficacy in multiple xenograft models. Combination treatment of SCLC lines with ABT-737 and chloroquine decreased viability and increased caspase-3 activation over treatment with either single agent. ABT-737 induced several hallmarks of autophagy. However, knockdown of beclin-1, a key regulator of entry into autophagy, diminished the efficacy of ABT-737, suggesting either that the effects of chloroquine were nonspecific or that induction but not completion of autophagy is necessary for the combined effect of ABT-737 and chloroquine. ABT-737 and chloroquine in SCLC cell lines downregulated Mcl-1 and upregulated NOXA, both of which may promote apoptosis. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that chloroquine could enhance ABT-737-mediated tumor growth inhibition against NCI-H209 xenografts, but did not alter ABT-737 response in three primary patient-derived xenograft models. These data suggest that although ABT-737 can induce autophagy in SCLC, autophagic inhibition by choroquine does not markedly alter in vivo response to ABT-737 in relevant preclinical models, arguing against this as a treatment strategy for SCLC.
Pain perception in relation to emotional learning

Noninvasive brain imaging has established the participation of the cortex in pain perception and identified a long list of brain structures involved. More recent studies show the interaction between clinical chronic pain conditions and the reorganization of the brain functionally, anatomically, and chemically. Mechanisms underlying this reorganization hint to essential links between pain, especially its affective component with emotional learning and memory. This review is a discussion of the rationale and evidence for the interaction between these modalities, emphasizing underlying mechanisms.
Mobile robot programming in education

The mobile robot programming laboratory course has been taught at Carnegie Mellon University for the past twelve years. It is a problem-driven class designed for students with little or no experience with robots. In this paper, we first present the current status of the class, and show how it improves the education and training of students in a robotics curriculum by giving them a hands-on experience with a real robot. We show that, in addition to core subjects such as perception, action and cognition, students also have the opportunity to learn advanced topics such as reinforcement learning and multi-robot coordination. We then discuss the evolution of the class under general categories: hardware and programming environment, team experiments, and assignments. We present important lessons learned in each category, and how they affect the learning experience of participating students. We conclude by discussing future opportunities
A Queen’s Worker Attractiveness Influences Her Movement in Polygynous Colonies of the Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Response to Adverse Temperatures

The movement of polygynous Solenopsis invicta Buren queens from hot environment to a cooler environment was influenced by the queen’s dominance ranking within the colony. This study used a split nest design in which the temperature could be controlled independently in either of the two nest areas that were joined by a sealable plastic tube. Before the study, three queens were marked and ranked by worker preference from a small fire ant colony and introduced into one of these nest areas. After they were acclimatized to the nest, the colony was induced to move by changing the nest temperature. When subjected to increasing heat, the colony left the nest and moved to a cooler location. The results showed that the alpha (most preferred) queen had an advantage over the beta and gamma queens when exposed to hot conditions because the workers demonstrated a definite pattern of behavior of selectively moving the queens from the hot nest to the cooler alternate nest. The behavior of the workers and the queens during the colony’s movement was observed and time to reach safety for each queen was recorded. The workers appeared to have a significant control over the queen’s movement. If the queens were separated from each other and had only one choice of a route to safety, the least dominant (gamma) queen arrived at the new nest location first, because there were fewer workers to interfere with her movement. When the queens were together, the dominant queen arrived at the alternate nest first; dominant queens workers interfered with the movement of the subordinates. However, given a choice between a favorable and harsher nest, the least dominant queen chose equally between the two; whereas, the dominant queen had little choice, her workers chose the favorable nest. We repeated the experiment by subjecting the colony to cold conditions. When the nest was cooled the workers aggregated around each queen and became inactive.
Experimental diffuse brain injury results in regional alteration of gross vascular morphology independent of neuropathology

AbstractPrimary objective: A dynamic relationship exists between diffuse traumatic brain injury and changes to the neurovascular unit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate vascular changes during the first week following diffuse TBI. It was hypothesized that pathology is associated with modification of the vasculature.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either midline fluid percussion injury or sham-injury. Brain tissue was collected 1, 2 or 7 days post-injury or sham-injury (n = 3/time point). Tissue was collected and stained by de Olmos amino-cupric silver technique to visualize neuropathology or animals were perfused with AltaBlue casting resin before high-resolution vascular imaging. The average volume, surface area, radius, branching and tortuosity of the vessels were evaluated across three regions of interest.Results: In M2, average vessel volume (p < 0.01) and surface area (p < 0.05) were significantly larger at 1 day relative to 2 days, 7 days and sham. In S1BF and VPM, no significant...
Diode-pumped intracavity-doubled Nd:YLF laser

Intracavity second harmonic generation of semiconductor diode laser-pumped Nd lasers has been suggested as an efficient method to obtain coherent green radiation.1 With the recent demonstration of highly efficient diode-pumped Nd:YAG2 and Nd:YLF3 lasers, intracavity-doubled lasers have become practical devices. This was originally shown by placing KTiOPO4 (KTP) in the cavity of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser.4
Physical and chemical stability of gemcitabine hydrochloride solutions.

Objective To evaluate the physical and chemical stability of gemcitabine hydrochloride (Gemzar-Eli Lilly and Company) solutions in a variety of solution concentrations, packaging, and storage conditions. Design: Controlled experimental trial. Design Controlled experimental trial. Setting Laboratory Interventions Test conditions included (1) reconstituted gemcitabine at a concentration of 38 mg/mL as the hydrochloride salt in 0.9% sodium chloride or sterile water for injection in the original 200 mg and 1 gram vials; (2) reconstituted gemcitabine 38 mg/mL as the hydrochloride salt in 0.9% sodium chloride injection packaged in plastic syringes; (3) diluted gemcitabine at concentrations of 0.1 and 10 mg/mL as the hydrochloride salt in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) minibags of 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5% dextrose injection; and (4) gemcitabine 0.1, 10, and 38 mg/mL as the hydrochloride salt in 5% dextrose in water and 0.9% sodium chloride injection as simulated ambulatory infusions at 32°C. Test samples of gemcitabine hydrochloride were prepared in the concentrations,solutions, and packaging required. Main Outcome Measures Physical and chemical stability based on drug concentrations initially and after 1,3, and 7 days of storage at 32°C and after 1, 7, 14, 21, and 35 days of storage at 4°C and 23°C Results The reconstituted solutions at a gemcitabine concentration of 38 mg/mL as the hydrochloride salt in the original vials occasionally exhibited large crystal formation when stored at 4°C for 14 days or more. These crystals did not redissolve upon warming to room temperature. All other samples were physically stable throughout the study. Little or no change in particulate burden or the presence of haze were found. Gemcitabine as the hydrochloride salt in the solutions tested was found to be chemically stable at all concentrations and temperatures tested that did not exhibit crystallization. Little or no loss of gemcitabine occurred in any of the samples throughout the entire study period. However, refrigerated vials that developed crystals also exhibited losses of 20% to 35% in gemcitabine content. Exposure to or protection from light did not alter the stability of gemcitabine as the hydrochloride salt in the solutions tested. Conclusion Reconstituted gemcitabine as the hydrochloride salt in the original vials is chemically stable at room temperature for 35 days but may develop crystals when stored at 4 °C. The crystals do not redissolve upon warming. Gemcitabine prepared as intravenous admixtures of 0.1 and 10 mg/mL as the hydrochloride salt in 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection in PVC bags and as a solution of 38 mg/miln 0.9% sodium chloride injection packaged in plastic syringes is physically and chemically stable for at least 35 days at 4 °C and 23 °C. Gemcitabine as the hydrochloride salt is stable for at least 7 days at concentrations of 0.1, 10, and 38 mg/miln 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection stored at 32 °C during simulated ambulatory infusion.
Effect of encapsulation on plasminogen activator delivery to the microcirculation and its implications for bleeding.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It is known that encapsulation can alter the delivery of plasminogen activators by flow to accelerate fibrinolysis while other experimental studies suggest encapsulation may reduce the risk of hemorrhage with administration of the agent. The aim of this research is to resolve the effect of encapsulation on fibrinolysis and bleeding in the microcirculation. METHODS An established rabbit model of fibrinolytic hemorrhage was utilized to explore the potential of encapsulation to limit bleeding. Equal dosages of free or microencapsulated streptokinase (MESK) were infused to initiate thrombolysis of small vessel clots while tracking blood loss. RESULTS Compared to free streptokinase, significant improvements in bleeding were observed with MESK as demonstrated by (1) delayed onset of bleeding, (2) shortened duration, and (3) reduction in the volume of lost blood, consistent with less systemic fibrinogen degradation. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate that encapsulation of streptokinase can inhibit clot lysis in small vessels. Combined with prior work on accelerated thrombolysis, results suggest a time-based regimen for avoiding bleeding complications during thrombolytic therapy with encapsulated agent.
Applications of Price Gap and Adjustment Weights in Analyzing a Natural Monopoly with a Linear Decreasing Marginal Cost Function

A natural monopoly can meet the market demand alone cheaply than several firms together can. A natural monopoly enjoys the economies of scale of production, marginal cost decreases at least in the range of market demand for its product. Assuming a decreasing linear marginal cost function, this paper derives all the competitive, regulatory, and monopoly equilibrium formulae of a natural monopoly model using the price gap and adjustment weights. If also offers welfare analysis and all possible comparisons. It also derives a formula for the minimum compensation that should be made to the natural monopoly to offer the competitive output. Any results of this paper can be applied independently.
Local time-correlation approach for calculations of x-ray spectra

We present a local time-correlation function method for real-time calculations of core level x-ray spectra (RTXS). The approach is implemented in a local orbital basis using a Crank-Nicolson time-evolution algorithm applied to an extension of the siesta code, together with projector augmented wave (PAW) atomic transition matrix elements. Our RTXS is formally equivalent to $\ensuremath{\Delta}$SCF ($\ensuremath{\Delta}$ self consistent field) Fermi's golden rule calculations with a screened core-hole and an effective independent particle approximation. Illustrative calculations are presented for several molecular and condensed matter systems and found to be in good agreement with experiment. The method can also be advantageous compared to conventional frequency-space methods.
Development, evaluation, and refinement of the Suicide Prevention Toolkit for Rural Primary Care Practices.

Suicide is a significant issue in the United States and worldwide, and its prevention is a public health imperative. The Suicide Prevention Toolkit for Rural Primary Care was developed to address gaps in education and tools to assist primary care providers and other clinic staff in identifying and managing patients at risk for suicide. Given the high suicide rates in rural areas, coupled with the evidence that many people who die by suicide visit their primary care provider in the month prior to their death, primary care health settings offer an important prevention and intervention opportunity for patients at varying levels of risk for suicide. This article details (a) the evolution of a project that began with identifying a need for tools and training in suicide prevention and brief intervention by rural primary care providers, (b) the development of the Suicide Prevention Toolkit for Rural Primary Care, (c) the effectiveness of a training based the toolkit to improve suicide prevention knowledge and skills of primary care providers and other employees in health care settings, and (d) recommendations for future research and dissemination strategies of suicide prevention and intervention in primary care and other health settings. Language: en
Large Area Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Nonstoichiometric Silicon Nitride

This paper presents results on PECVD of low refractive index silicon nitride in a large area system. Film deposition characteristics, suchas deposition rate and thickness uniformity, were investigated over awide range of process parameters, such as gas composition, power, pressure, and N2 pressure. Film properties, such as RI, absorbance, stress, and etch rate, have also been studied. A general model, which includes both the deposition and etching mechanisms, has been developed to explain these results. This model could explain the film uniformity issue in the process.
Improving the Rate of Classification of Patients with the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI): Clarifying the Meaning of "Significant Other"

Abstract:Objective:The Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) has been used widely to assess the psychosocial adaptation in chronic pain patients. The MPI can also be used to classify patients into one of three primary subgroups. However, studies have reported that anywhere from 3% to 30% of patients
Shift Work and Its Implications for Everyday Work and Family Life: A Foundation and Summary

The expanding use of shift work throughout the global economy is raising a variety of new questions, including those explored in the current volume. Is shift work an environmental demand that makes “balancing” work and family more difficult, or is it a viable tool for alleviating inherent conflicts between work and family life? A casual perusal of the scholarly and popular literature will result in evidence supporting both positions, suggesting there is neither a simple nor a straightforward conclusion. In fact, the many dimensions and contours of “shift work” demand careful consideration before even attempting to answer the basic question, “is shift work a friend or foe of working adults’ ability to meet their responsibilities in the domains of work and family?”. The overall goal of this chapter is to create a conceptual foundation for the content of this volume. To achieve this goal the chapter begins by outlining the meaning of “shift work” and alternative perspectives on combining work and family to help readers see that the concepts are both complex, making their linkages and potential interconnections exceedingly complicated. Next is a critical review of published research linking shift work with individuals’ ability to integrate work and family lives to help readers interpret the scientific literature. Finally, the chapter concludes with an agenda of high priority future research topics requiring attention to enable appropriate individual and collective responses to expanded reliance on shift work in the 21st century economy.
Slavoj Žižek’s Passion (for the Real) and Flannery O'Connor's Hermaphrodite

Žižek has argued in his books on Christianity and modernity that institutional Catholic Christianity has placed its members in a double bind by insisting on belief in a nonexistent God of Being. The laws of this God of the Symbolic are perverse in that they impose impossible requirements on all believers. By the mid-twentieth century, however, Catholicism was experiencing the revolutionary reforms of the Second Vatican Council. Dogmatic Law at this time gave way to a renewed emphasis on the community of love associated in early Christianity with the Holy Spirit. This God of the Real is inherently Trinitarian: God-Father-Thing, Spirit as community of believers, and Christ as the imaginary Real gap between them. The American gothic writer Flannery O’Connor in her short story “A Temple of the Holy Ghost” provides a meditation on this Real Trinity. In O’Connor’s story a hermaphroditic circus freak becomes an emblem of the deadlock of sexual difference and a monstrous Christ-figure in the Žižekian sense. Its place is theologically incoherent and represents the passion for the Real emerging out of the perverse situation of mid-century Catholic orthodoxy.
Dirichlet’s Class-Number Formula

Although De la Valle\(\acute{\mbox{ e}}\) Poussin’s proof of Lemma 4.8 is elegant and efficient, it fails to explain exactly why the values of L-functions at s = 1 are positive, and consequently the actual reason why the sums in Theorem 7.1 turn out to be positive is not yet clear. Often in number theory, integers which occur in interesting situations are in fact positive because they count something, and it transpires that this is the case in Theorem 7.1. The sums there in fact count equivalence classes of binary quadratic forms, or, to say the same thing in a different way, ideal classes in quadratic number fields. In order to see this, we will now present a second proof of Lemma 4.8 that uses Dirichlet’s famous class-number formula, which formula calculates the value of L(1, χ) when χ is a real (primitive) Dirichlet character in terms of the number of certain equivalence classes of quadratic forms. As we did in our first proof of Lemma 4.8, we will follow the exposition for this as set forth in Davenport (Multiplicative number theory. Springer, New York, 2000).
Unexplained gastrointestinal bleed due to arteriobiliary fistula after percutaneous liver biopsy

We represent a case of a 54-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and melena three weeks after percutaneous liver biopsy. He was found to have anemia secondary to an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, unresponsive to multiple blood transfusions. Angiography later revealed an arteriobiliary fistula with contrast extravasation entering the duodenum. The fistula was successfully embolized and the patient was discharged without complication. This report demonstrates the importance in considering a vascular intrahepatic fistula in patients with right upper quadrant abdominal pain after remote liver biopsy.
Möglichkeiten zur weiteren Entwicklung und Anwendung der Theorie

Aufbauend auf der Theorie der Informationsbereiche und der abstrakten Interpretation von Programmen als quantitative Informationstransformationen werden in diesem Kapitel drei mogliche Fortsetzungen und Anwendungen der neuen Begriifswelt vorgestellt. Die Einfuhrung von Informationsbereichen und Informationstransformationen soll ja dem Ziele dienen, eine neue quantitative Informationstheorie zu entwickeln. Daher Bilden diese Grosen die Voraussetzungen fur weitere Untersuchungen zu quantitativen Aspekten der Informationsverarbeitung mittels Computerprogrammen.
A Short and Distinct Time Window for Recovery of Arm Motor Control Early After Stroke Revealed With a Global Measure of Trajectory Kinematics.

Background. Studies demonstrate that most arm motor recovery occurs within three months after stroke, when measured with standard clinical scales. Improvements on these measures, however, reflect a...
Negotiation Skill Development Exercise

Conflict occurs naturally in all marketing related activities. When such conflict is handled well through proper negotiation, it helps solve problems and build stronger, deeper relationships between the negotiating parties. Nevertheless, many students feel uneasy about negotiating, yet they know it is a crucial skill that needs to be developed. This innovative exercise provides students an experiential learning opportunity to apply their selected negotiation approach in a role-play assessment activity. Furthermore, incorporating it into the course curriculum has consistently resulted in an increase in student satisfaction and perceived learning.
Magnetoelastic shockwave response (Conference Presentation)

Hypervelocity impacts generate shockwaves causing catastrophic damage and failure of surrounding material and structures. Adaptive materials have been previously studied to mitigate shockwaves by providing diagnostics tools, wave steering, and dissipating mechanical energy. Numerous ferroelectric studies have been conducted, with less focus on ferromagnets, or magnetoelasticity. This presentation explores the response of magnetoelastic Galfenol (Fe81.6Ga18.4) to high strain-rate, high stress amplitude loading. Experimentally, 2 GPa rarefacted shockwaves are generated in Galfenol using a Nd:YAG laser. Magnetization changes are recorded using inductive coils along the sample length and interferometry is used to infer the stress amplitude at the specimen’s back surface. The experimental results highlight how the shockwave evolves as it travels, including the onset of lateral release waves. Magnetic field control of the mechanical wave speed by 20% is observed, accompanied by large control of the measured magnetization changes. These changes highlight the coupled magnetoelastic nature of the effect. Furthermore, it is observed that the magnetization more strongly couples to lateral release waves than the incident compressive pulse. Last, magnetization changes are seen to precede the propagating mechanical wave, indicating dipolar coupling can transfer energy ahead of the mechanical wave front. A numerical model has been developed to provide further insight into the experimental study. This model fully couples elastodynamics with magnetostatics using a nonlinear magnetoelastic constitutive behavior. The nonlinear model captures the main findings of the experimental study, including wave evolution, and strong magnetoelastic coupling to the release waves.
Major global changes interact to cause male-biased sex ratios in a reptile with temperature-dependent sex determination

Abstract Habitat loss and pollution are two of the greatest global threats to biodiversity. Due to their widespread prevalence, these threats often co-occur, yet their interactive effects on organisms remain poorly understood. Some reptiles are vulnerable to these threats because they have specific microclimate requirements for embryonic development and because pollutants are maternally transferred to their eggs; both incubation temperature and pollutants affect reptile sex determination. In aquatic turtles, females often select nest sites in recently planted agricultural fields but the impact of nesting in polluted agricultural habitats is not understood. We examined the influences of crop agriculture and mercury pollution on nest microclimate and offspring sex ratios of Chelydra serpentina . We hypothesized that crop growth in agricultural fields would shade and cool turtle nests, decrease moisture levels, increase male offspring production, and interact with maternally-derived mercury to impact sex determination. As predicted, nests shaded by crops had lower average temperatures (−2.5 °C) and moisture levels (−107 kPa) than control nests. In field and laboratory experiments, agricultural thermal regimens increased the proportion of male offspring in clutches and this effect was intensified in the presence of mercury. Global temperatures are expected to rise within the 21st century and to have a feminizing effect on reptiles with temperature-dependent sex determination. That prediction should be refined to incorporate how the cooling effect of some local habitat conditions (e.g., agricultural fields), and interactions between anthropogenic land-use and common pollutants, will interact with climate change to influence sex ratios of reptiles with temperature-dependent sex determination.
Development of haplotype-specific molecular markers for the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits

Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) are one of the major components of gluten, and their allelic variation has been widely associated with different wheat end-use quality parameters. These proteins are encoded by multigene families located at the orthologous Glu-3 loci (Glu-A3, Glu-B3, and Glu-D3); the genes at each locus are divided by large intergenic and highly recombinogenic regions. Among the methods used for the LMW-GS allele identification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular markers have the advantages of being simple, accurate, and independent from the plant stage of development. However, the available LMW-GS molecular markers are either incapable of capturing the complexity of the LMW-GS gene family or difficult to interpret. In the present study, we report the development of a set of PCR-based molecular markers specific for the LMW-GS haplotypes present at each Glu-3 locus. Based on the LMW-GS gene sequences available in GenBank, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) specific for each Glu-3 haplotype were identified and the relevant PCR primers were designed. In total, we developed three molecular markers for the Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci, respectively, and five molecular markers for the Glu-D3 locus. The markers were tested on 44 bread wheat varieties previously characterized for their LMW-GS genic profile and found to be equally or more efficient than previously developed LMW-GS PCR-based markers. This set of markers allows an easier and less ambiguous identification of specific LMW-GS haplotypes associated with gluten strength and can facilitate marker-assisted breeding for wheat quality.
Consumer preferences for aquaponic produce: Implications from an experimental auction

Aquaponics is the integration of aquaculture and hydroponics to grow fish and plants together in one system. Many producers in the northern United States are attracted to aquaponics for its potential to produce indoors year‐round. However, little is known about consumer preferences for products grown in aquaponic systems. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted an experimental auction to measure the impact of information about production method on consumers’ willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for lettuce. For most participants, WTP was similar for both aquaponic and soil grown lettuce with overall average bids of $1.47 per 8 ounces and $1.48 per 8 ounces, respectively. Learning how samples were grown (either aquaponic or soil‐grown) rarely changed bids significantly, although on average, participants with environmental group membership lowered their bids for aquaponic lettuce samples. In general, higher frequency shoppers expressed higher average WTP for all types of lettuce. [Q100 Agriculture: General, Q220 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Fishery; Aquaculture]
Some relationships between testing and auto-instructional programing

program. These similarities and their implications for the programer have been discussed at length elsewhere (22). The present paper is concerned with two problems in programing which do not usually occur in testing, but for which testing considerations are relevant: (a) the optimal ordering of auto-instructional material; (b) the assignment of different sequences of material to different learners.
Reducing hospital admissions for adverse drug events through coordinated pharmacist care: learning from Hawai'i without a field trip.

Adverse drug events among older adults are common and serious. Approximately 9% of all hospital admissions for older adults are attributable to adverse drug reactions.1 Moreover, up to one in five adults experience an adverse drug reaction during hospitalisation,2 3 and approximately 15%–50% of hospitalised older adults will suffer an adverse drug event within 30 days of returning home (with most of these events resulting from medications that were started in the hospital).4–6 If our goal is primum non nocere (‘first, do no harm’), we have substantial opportunities for improvement. A variety of interventions have been attempted to stem this tide of medication-induced harm, with variable success, and no clear path for hitting the sweet spot of meaningfully improving clinical outcomes related to medication use in a manner than is clinically scalable and cost-effective.7–12 Into this breach step Pellegrin et al with the Pharm2Pharm intervention, outcomes of which are reported in this issue of BMJ Quality and Safety .13 In the Pharm2Pharm programme, hospital-based pharmacists identified inpatients at high risk of medication misadventures, using criteria such as use of multiple medications, presence of high-risk medications such as warfarin or glucose-lowering drugs and history of previous acute care use resulting from medication-related problems.14 The hospital pharmacist then met with the patient to reconcile medications, offer education and facilitate a coordinated hand off to a community pharmacist, selected with patient input. This community pharmacist met with the patient on an as-needed basis for up to a year postdischarge to reconcile medications, assess medication appropriateness, resolve drug therapy problems and notify prescribers of updates to the medication list, all supported by a health information exchange system. This programme was implemented sequentially in 6 of 11 non-federal general hospitals with 50 or more beds in the US state …
Determination of Eligibility for Influenza Research: A Clinical Informatics Approach.

Background A clinical informatics algorithm (CIA) was developed to systematically identify potential enrollees for a test-negative, case-control study to determine influenza vaccine effectiveness, to improve enrollment over manual records review. Further testing may enhance the CIA for increased efficiency. Methods The CIA generated a daily screening list by querying all medical record databases for patients admitted in the last 3 days, using specified terms and diagnosis codes located in admission notes, emergency department notes, chief complaint upon registration, or presence of a respiratory viral panel charge or laboratory result (RVP). Classification and regression tree analysis (CART) and multivariable logistic regression were used to refine the algorithm. Results Using manual records review, 204 patients (<4/day) were approached and 144 were eligible in the 2014-2015 season compared with 3531 (12/day) patients who were approached and 1136 who were eligible in the 2016-2017 season using a CIA. CART analysis identified RVP as the most important indicator from the CIA list for determining eligibility, identifying 65%-69% of the samples and predicting 1587 eligible patients. RVP was confirmed as the most significant predictor in regression analysis, with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0-6.0). Other significant factors were indicators in admission notes (OR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.9-2.8]) and emergency department notes (OR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.4-2.3]). Conclusions This study supports the benefits of a CIA to facilitate recruitment of eligible participants in clinical research over manual records review. Logistic regression and CART identified potential eligibility screening criteria reductions to improve the CIA's efficiency.
PTEN/PI3K signaling in cancer and the response to cytokines: From growth factors to immune actors.

35Background: The PTEN/PIK3 pathway plays an important role in the cellular response to growth factors and aberrant activation of PI3K signaling is a hallmark of many forms of cancer. While the rol...
A comparison of adiabatic shear bands in wrought and additively manufactured 316L stainless steel using nanoindentation and electron backscatter diffraction

The resistance of stainless steels to shear localization is dependent on processing and microstructure. The amount of research evaluating the shear response of additively manufactured (AM) stainless steels compared to traditionally manufactured ones is limited. To address this gap, experiments were performed on directed energy deposition AM as-built and wrought 316L stainless steel using a forced shear technique with a hat-shaped specimen and a Split-Hopkinson pressure bar. The resulting adiabatic shear bands were characterized with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and nanoindentation to quantify the changes in microstructure and deformation hardening across shear band regions and between the wrought and AM materials. Despite significant differences between the wrought and AM materials including the forced shear response, the postmortem states of work hardening due to the shear band deformation are nearly the same. The maximum nanoindentation stresses occurred in the shear band center with similar magnitudes and only minor differences away from the shear band. Although EBSD data cannot be resolved in the shear band center, misorientation trends, particularly grain reference orientation deviation, were found to closely resemble nanoindentation trends. The combination of EBSD misorientation and nanoindentation, which are linked through changes in dislocation density, is a viable protocol to quantify local changes to macroscopically applied deformation.
A continuous media transport protocol

A protocol for the transmission of digitized audio and video data must schedule data transmission such that each audio or video sample is available in the receiver's buffer by its play-out deadline without overflowing the allotted buffer space at the receiver. While traditional data communication protocols provide error-free data transmission through the use of time-outs and retransmissions, the unbounded number of retransmissions that a packet may suffer results in an unboundable network transmission delay. Thus, such protocols are not appropriate for the real-time transmission of digitized audio and video data. This dissertation examines the network environments likely to be used for digitized audio and video data transmission and develops an audio/video transport-layer communication protocol which for such network environments. A unique feature of this protocol is the calculation of a transmission schedule which can minimize the buffer requirements at the receiver while still meeting the real-time play-out deadlines of the individual audio and video streams.
Degenerate Integrability of the Spin Calogero–Moser Systems and the Duality with the Spin Ruijsenaars Systems

It is shown that spin Calogero–Moser systems are completely integrable in a sense of degenerate integrability. Their Liouville tori have dimension less than half of the dimension of the phase space. It is also shown that rational spin Ruijsenaars systems are degenerately integrable and dual to spin Calogero–Moser systems in a sense that action-angle variables of one are angle-action variables of the other.
Chapter 4 – Teaching Knowledge

Publisher Summary Several teaching approaches are implemented in intelligent tutors. These approaches are divided into three categories: those based on human teaching, informed by learning theory, and facilitated by technology. The first classification of teaching strategies is based on empirical models and human teachers' observations. The four teaching strategies based on human teaching include apprenticeship training, problem solving, tutorial dialogue, and collaborative learning. The second category of tutoring strategies used in intelligent tutors is based on models informed by human learning theories. Learning theories are selected based on a pragmatic viewpoint, including considerations of the domain, nature of the learning, and level of the learners. One of the tutoring strategies informed by human learning theory is derived from constructivism, which suggests that learners construct their own reality or at least interpret it based upon their perceptions of experiences. The final classification of tutoring strategies—those derived from technology, and includes pedagogical agents, and synthetic humans. Technology-based teaching methods are compelling, engaging, and effective as teaching aids, and provide exciting opportunities for future research.
Total Hip Arthroplasty After Prior Acetabular Fracture: Infection Is a Real Concern.

Abstract Background Acetabular fractures often require surgical intervention for fracture fixation and can result in premature osteoarthritis of the hip joint. This study hypothesized that total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with a prior acetabular fracture who had undergone open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is associated with a higher rate of subsequent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods About 72 patients with a history of acetabular fracture that required ORIF, undergoing conversion THA between 2000 and 2017 at our institution, were matched based on age, gender, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, and date of surgery in a 1:3 ratio with 215 patients receiving primary THA. The mean follow-up for the conversion THA cohort was 2.9 years (range, 1-12.15) and 3.06 years (range, 1-12.96) for the primary THA. Results Patients with a previous acetabular fracture, compared with the primary THA patients, had longer operative times, greater operative blood loss, and an increased need for allogeneic blood transfusion (26.4% vs 4.7%). Most notably, PJI rate was significantly higher in acetabular fracture group at 6.9% compared with 0.5% in the control group. Complications, such as aseptic revision, venous thromboembolism, and mortality, were similar between both groups. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that conversion THA in patients with prior ORIF of acetabular fractures is associated with higher complication rate, in particular PJI, and less optimal outcome compared with patients undergoing primary THA. The latter findings compel us to seek and implement specific strategies that aim to reduce the risk of subsequent PJI in these patients.
Phase II study of pembrolizumab plus SurVaxM for glioblastoma at first recurrence.

TPS2581Background: Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor with median survival of approximately 15-16 months. Following first recurrence, progression free survival at six mon...
Transferring Alternatives to Pre-trial Detention in the European Union context. Can European Agreements Be Trusted?

One critical element of interagency and international cooperation in the area of criminal justice is whether organizations – and more generally countries – can trust one another to follow through o...
Phase Spaces of the Strategy Evolution in the El Farol Bar Problem

The El Farol Bar Problem presents a coordination problem where agents must independently decide whether or not to utilize a limited resource, a bar. Given a set of decision-making strategies, the a...
Drugs of Abuse and Pharmacotherapies for Substance Use Disorders: Introduction

Substance use/abuse remains a major problem in the world. The use of both legal (alcohol, tobacco, caffeine) and illegal drugs (androgenic anabolic steroids, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, heroin/opiates, hallucinogens, inhalants, khat, and prescribed/misused drugs) is associated with serious morbidity (health consequences) and mortality. Several chapters in this section discuss epidemiology, pharmacology, and various therapeutic interventions available for clinical management of health consequences of various substance use disorders. It should be noted that even though the treatment of substance use disorders with a wide range of clinical symptoms is complex, effective clinical management is achievable with integrated programs of health care. It is anticipated that the reader at the global level will benefit from the current knowledge on clinical management of health effects of drugs of abuse presented in this section.
The effect of adherence on antihypertensive therapy plans in patients with diabetes

Patient adherence to a medication plan may significantly impact the benefits received by therapy. Thus, considering patient adherence to antihypertensive medication therapy in patients with diabete...
Policing in an era of sousveillance: a randomised controlled trial examining the influence of video footage on perceptions of legitimacy

Controversial incidents of police-citizen interactions, coupled with advancements in internet media technology has created a new dynamic of how public perceptions of the police might be influenced....
Remaining useful tool life predictions in turning using Bayesian inference

Tool wear is an important factor in determining machining productivity. In this paper, tool wear is characterized by remaining useful tool life in a turning operation and is predicted using spindle power and a random sample path method of Bayesian inference. Turning tests are performed at different speeds and feed rates using a carbide tool and MS309 steel work material. The spindle power and the tool flank wear are monitored during cutting; the root mean square of the time domain power is found to be sensitive to tool wear. Sample root mean square power growth curves are generated and the probability of each curve being the true growth curve is updated using Bayes’ rule. The updated probabilities are used to determine the remaining useful tool life. Results show good agreement between the predicted tool life and the empirically-determined true remaining life. The proposed method takes into account the uncertainty in tool life and the growth of the root mean square power at the end of tool life and is, therefore, robust and reliable.
Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with neoplastic or inflammatory central nervous system disorders.

BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key molecular driver of angiogenesis and vascular permeability and is expressed by a wide variety of neoplasms. Although blood VEGF concentrations have been quantified in intracranial tumors of dogs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) VEGF concentration might be a more sensitive biomarker of disease. OBJECTIVE Concentrations of VEGF in CSF are higher in dogs with central nervous system (CNS) neoplasia compared to those with meningoencephalomyelitis and other neurologic disorders. ANIMALS One hundred and twenty-six client-owned dogs presented to a veterinary teaching hospital. METHODS Case-control study. Cerebrospinal fluid was archived from dogs diagnosed with CNS neoplasia and meningoencephalomyelitis. Control dogs had other neurological disorders or diseases outside of the CNS. A commercially available kit was used to determine VEGF concentrations. RESULTS Detectable CSF VEGF concentrations were present in 49/63 (77.8%) neoplastic samples, 22/24 (91.7%) inflammatory samples, and 8/39 (20.5%) control samples. The VEGF concentrations were significantly different between groups (P < .0001), and multiple comparison testing showed that both neoplastic and inflammatory groups had significantly higher concentrations than did controls (P < .05), but did not differ from each other. Gliomas and choroid plexus tumors had significantly higher VEGF concentrations than did the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Cerebrospinal fluid VEGF concentrations may serve as a marker of neoplastic and inflammatory CNS disorders relative to other conditions.
Sperm transcriptional state associated with paternal transmission of stress phenotypes

Paternal stress can induce long-lasting changes in germ cells potentially propagating heritable changes across generations. To date, no studies have investigated differences in transmission patterns between stress-resilient and -susceptible mice. We tested the hypothesis that transcriptional alterations in sperm during chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) transmit increased susceptibility to stress phenotypes to the next generation. We demonstrate differences in offspring from stressed fathers that depend upon paternal category (resilient vs susceptible) and offspring sex. Importantly, artificial insemination reveals that sperm mediates some of the behavioral phenotypes seen in offspring. Using RNA-sequencing we report substantial and distinct changes in the transcriptomic profiles of sperm following CSDS in susceptible vs resilient fathers, with alterations in long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) predominating especially in susceptibility. Correlation analysis revealed that these alterations were accompanied by a loss of regulation of protein-coding genes by lncRNAs in sperm of susceptible males. We also identify several co-expression gene modules that are enriched in differentially expressed genes in sperm from either resilient or susceptible fathers. Taken together, these studies advance our understanding of intergenerational epigenetic transmission of behavioral experience.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis manuscript contributes to the complex factors that influence the paternal transmission of stress phenotypes. By leveraging the segregation of males exposed to chronic social defeat stress into either resilient or susceptible categories we were able to identify the phenotypic differences in the paternal transmission of stress phenotypes across generations between the two lineages. Importantly, this work also alludes to the significance of both long noncoding RNAs and protein coding genes mediating the paternal transmission of stress. The knowledge gained from these data is of particular interest in understanding the risk for the development of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression.
Cardiovascular Toxicity of Novel HER2-Targeted Therapies in the Treatment of Breast Cancer

HER2-targeted therapies have led to improved clinical outcomes in early and advanced breast cancer (BC). We review the long-term cardiotoxicity of HER2-targeted therapy in early and advanced BC, our current knowledge of cardiotoxicity of novel HER2-targeted therapies, and propose a cardiac monitoring (CM) strategy for this population. Long-term data from studies with HER2-targeted therapy in the adjuvant setting have failed to demonstrate an increase in cardiotoxicity over time, and rates of cardiotoxicity seen with novel HER2 agents remain low. Despite over a decade of experience with HER2-targeted therapy, CM in clinical practice is inconsistent in patients with early BC and almost non-existent in advanced BC. Long-term follow-up of clinical trials with HER2-targeted agents in early and advanced BC has failed to demonstrate increased rates of cardiotoxicity over time, attesting to the long-term safety of this class of drugs for the majority of patients, although the long-term cardiac safety of newer HER2 agents in the non-clinical trial setting is largely unknown. We propose CM incorporating clinical history, cardiac imaging, and biomarkers.