cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generic innovation dynamics across the industrial technology life cycle: Platform equation modeling of invention and innovation activity

Abstract We describe here a generic approach to innovation dynamics based on an integrated framework for inventions and innovations applied via a platform equation and model across the industrial technology life cycle. We test the model for metals and other materials, and demonstrate that this model correctly describes the production activity for several materials and energy conversion technologies. Innovation activity patterns are shown for several oxides, metals, oil and wind energy and its derivatives. The metals Cu, Al, W, Mo and Pb are particularly studied for the amount produced over time. The total activity for the metals encompasses both the invention and innovation stage for a particular metal. Four major stages and two sub stages are identified for the discovery (invention) and subsequent growth regimes (i.e. the innovation stage). The pattern equation appears to clearly capture all these stages for the metals studied — work is ongoing for similar analyses of energy and other materials. Although the metals studied existed over differing periods (e.g. copper greater than 200 years whereas aluminum, just over 100 years), one single pattern equation appears to capture all the major trends. The use of the model is also shown for productivity analysis, especially for the condition of radical innovation (very rapid growth). For sustained radical innovation, namely, when the output of the produced material per unit time, keeps on increasing with time, there are various factors which may influence growth. For the conditions where thermal activation and plant size are the dominant variables, their impact on the growth may be examined in the context of the pattern equation. A preliminary analysis of oxide production activity also appears to follow this same innovation model. The results suggest a fertile field of future research extending the initial platform equation model to include R&D, Patents, and Performance, as well as Sales, as innovation activity. Further, the model shows promise in combination with the ARI methodology model for analysis and assessment of existing and future industrial technology life cycles involving material, process, product, software and service innovations.
Virtual Screening for HIV Protease Inhibitors: A Comparison of AutoDock 4 and Vina

Background The AutoDock family of software has been widely used in protein-ligand docking research. This study compares AutoDock 4 and AutoDock Vina in the context of virtual screening by using these programs to select compounds active against HIV protease. Methodology/Principal Findings Both programs were used to rank the members of two chemical libraries, each containing experimentally verified binders to HIV protease. In the case of the NCI Diversity Set II, both AutoDock 4 and Vina were able to select active compounds significantly better than random (AUC = 0.69 and 0.68, respectively; p<0.001). The binding energy predictions were highly correlated in this case, with r = 0.63 and ι = 0.82. For a set of larger, more flexible compounds from the Directory of Universal Decoys, the binding energy predictions were not correlated, and only Vina was able to rank compounds significantly better than random. Conclusions/Significance In ranking smaller molecules with few rotatable bonds, AutoDock 4 and Vina were equally capable, though both exhibited a size-related bias in scoring. However, as Vina executes more quickly and is able to more accurately rank larger molecules, researchers should look to it first when undertaking a virtual screen.
Synaptology of spinal afferents in the lateral cervical nucleus of the cat

Abstract A detailed study of the synaptic connections of the lateral cervical nucleus using Golgi, counterstained Golgi, and a modification of the Nauta-Gygax silver degeneration techniques revealed new information regarding the synaptic arrangement of this nucleus. Two spinal afferent systems to the lateral cervical nucleus were determined, one being from the ipsilateral Clarke's column and the other from the cells of origin of the ventral spinocerebellar tract. Three types of synaptic terminals were seen: boutons of passage; boutons in terminal clusters; and basketlike terminals. Two types of terminals sharing a single nerve cell were observed in the lateral cervical nucleus. The possible functional significance of the anatomical findings is that several afferent fibers converging on a single neuron may activate one unit from a large peripheral field.
Idiots savants — Thinking about remembering: A response to White

When we are presented with evidence of remarkable ability, as in the case of child prodigies for example, most of us are led to marvel at the gift of outstanding talent. When presented with evidence of extreme ability in individuals who are otherwise only marginally functional, as in the case of idiots savants, we may wonder whether nature has somehow been playing a cruel joke. What is the purpose or value of such ability? Does it do either the individual or the society any good ? Can the same processes which account for exceptional talent in intact individuals possibly also be operating in the case of the savant? The idiot savant represents a particularly odd packaging of talent one that should challenge commonly held notions of intelligence and ability. Yet there is something about the phenomenon of the savant which makes most of us uncomfortable. While it has received some attention in the literature on retardation and disability (Hill, 1974, 1975; Hoffman 8c Reeves, 1979; Horowitz, Kestenbaum, Person, & Jarvik, 1965; Morishima & Brown, 1977), it has been largely dismissed or ignored by those seeking to understand general intellectual functioning (but see Gardner, 1983). In his paper, “The structured representation of information in long-term memory: A possible explanation for the accomplishments of ‘idiots savants’,” White has taken the important step of seeking to fit the apparently anomalous skills of the savant into a framework designed to explain general cognitive functioning. While we would add some cautions, queries, and alternative paths to White’s proposed explanation, we believe that his effort to push general cognitive theory to account for a wider range of individuals and abilities is both provocative and important. White’s theoretical framework is an information-processing one: he seeks to understand savants’ abilities in terms of the idiosyncratic structuring of longterm memory stores. He details how two cases a pair of twins who displayed extreme numerical abilities, and an autistic artist might have organized large portions of long-term memory in the service of their unusual abilities.
Variable Time Headway Criteria to Improve Reliability of Speed Control System Evaluations

The effectiveness of a particular speed control system depends on how it influences the behavior of those drivers whose speed selection is unaffected by other vehicles around them. A common rule of thumb that can be used to separate these so-called unconstrained or free-flowing vehicles from a traffic stream is to set a time headway threshold (e.g., 5 s) and consider only those vehicles that have headways greater than or equal to the preset threshold. Although this time headway criterion has been widely accepted, there are some problems with its use. In certain cases, motorists keeping longer headways may still be affected, whereas others keeping shorter headways may be unaffected by the vehicle in front of them. This paper identifies potential problems associated with the use of constant headway thresholds and recommends an alternative approach. A methodology that uses variable headway thresholds is presented, and its application is illustrated with speed and headway data collected in a freeway work zone in Texas. The advantage of the proposed variable headway thresholds is that they can account for a number of site-specific variables, such as roadway geometry and traffic and driver characteristics. They are determined from the actual raw data collected at each site and therefore provide a headway threshold more realistic than the constant headway criteria used to separate free-flowing and constrained vehicles in evaluations of speed control measures. Therefore, in many cases, they are expected to improve the reliability of evaluations of speed control systems.
A Microcontinuum Model of Electrokinetic Coupling in the Extracellular Matrix: Perturbation Formulation and Solution

Abstract A microcontinuum model is formulated to describe electrokinetic transduction interactions and transport in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in terms of microscopic structural and compositional parameters. A unit cell technique is used in which the ECM is modeled as an ordered array of charged solid cylinders surrounded by a diffuse double layer. Under physiological conditions, the Debye length is on the order of the relevant microstructural dimensions of the ECM. Hence, the model includes the effects of overlapping diffuse double layers and the associated electrokinetic coupling within the bulk of the unit cell. A system of coupled differential equations is developed to describe electrokinetic coupling within the unit cell. This governing system is cast in dimensionless form, introducing two dimensionless groups whose relative order of magnitude suggests a perturbation analysis. The perturbation expansion of the governing system shows that the electromechanical coupling perturbs both the fluid flow and ion concentrations to the same order. The system is solved using the numerical grid generation technique in conjunction with the finite difference method. Model parameter values were chosen to describe the ECM of articular cartilage and similar connective tissues. Reasonable agreement between theory and experiment was found for the strain dependence of the hydraulic permeability k 11 , the magnitude of k 22 , and the magnitude and ionic strength dependence of k e = k 21 / k 22
Womanist Lessons for Reinventing Teaching

Although teaching is regarded as “women’s work,” few calls for change in the multicultural and social justice literature focus attention on the teaching self as a socially constructed gendered identity. Given Black women’s prominence in this literature as successful educators of students underserved in contemporary schools, the author suggests connections between their pedagogy and an empowered female self that transgresses many historical and contemporary mainstream feminine beliefs and ways of being. Drawing on the work of womanist scholars explicating Black women’s epistemological standpoint, the author analyzes data from a life history interview study with six Black teachers committed to social justice. Findings suggest three womanist stances shaping the teachers’ acknowledgment of social ills, resistance to complicity within educational systems, and belief in the possibility of social change. The author concludes the article by raising gender-related questions to guide the reinvention and unlearning ...
Enhancement of electrooptic effects at wavelengths in the proximity of electronic resonances.

The notion is analyzed of obtaining materials with large electrooptic coefficients relative to their dielectric constants by incorporating appropriate optical transitions near the operating wavelengths. It is shown that in such cases the absorption coefficient becomes an important practical parameter of the material. Enhancement of the electrooptic effect in the vicinity of an optical transition was indeed observed in the compound Na3Li(CrO4)2 · 6H2O. The electrooptic coefficient n03r22 was found to be 9.7 × 10−8 cm/statV at ν˜ = 1.67 × 104 cm−1 and 12.2 × 10−8 cm/statV at ν˜ = 2.00 × 104 cm−1. The absorption coefficient on the tail of the t1 → e transition of the chromate ion was considerably greater than what was initially estimated. This was shown to be due partially to the effects of lattice vibrations and partially to crystal imperfections. The extra absorption can in principle be eliminated, and it is concluded that the approach investigated could lead to electrooptic materials with improved characteristics.
Battery modeling for energy harvesting system

Piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) has been commonly considered as energy sources for self-reliant systems or wireless sensor nodes. They mainly consist a vibration source, an energy harvesting circuit and a storage device like battery. Currently, PEH suffers from low efficiency energy harvesting circuit and lack of battery model. Most of the energy harvesting circuits exploits switching techniques with inductor, which require peak detection or zero crossing detection. This paper discusses the balance between the harvested energy and the energy costs of the switching. In addition, a battery model is developed to predict the real-time charge on the battery.
The Role of Intestinal Barrier Failure and Bacterial Translocation in the Development of Systemic Infection and Multiple Organ Failure

Traditionally, evaluation of intestinal function has been limited largely to monitoring gastric pH and intestinal motility. This clinical approach has led clinicians to equate normal intestinal motility with normal intestinal function and to assume that if stress-induced gastric bleeding can be prevented, all will be well. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the gastrointestinal tract is not a passive organ and that intestinal dysfunction is not limited to ileus and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Instead, the gastrointestinal tract is recognized as having important endocrine, metabolic, immunologic, and barrier functions, as well as its traditional role in nutrient absorption. Over the last 5 years, there has been a resurgence of interest in the role of intestinal barrier failure in the development of systemic infection and multiple organ failure in the critically ill or injured patient.
Associated Facial Contractions after Seventh Nerve Palsy Mimicking Jaw-winking

A 51-year-old woman who had recovered from Bell's palsy complained of closure of her right eyelids synchronous with chewing. Examination revealed the closure to be synchronous with contraction of the orbicularis oris muscles, not jaw muscles. Other associated facial movements were detected. Electromyography demonstrated that the decrease in size of the palpebral fissure is from contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscles, not inhibition of the levator muscle, proving that this is the effect of aberrant seventh nerve regeneration. This is one of many mass action effects which can occur with seventh nerve regeneration and should not be termed a syndrome.
A quantitative structure—activity relationship analysis of a series of 2′-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-4′-substituted methanesulfonilides

Summary A series of antiinflammatory 2′-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-4′-substituted methanesulfonilides was subjected to quantitative structure—activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. The result of the study showed that the oral antiinflammatory activity, as determined in the rat adjuvant arthritis model, was highly correlated with the electronic (σ 1 ) and steric (Sterimol B1) effects exhibited by the 4′-substitution (R). The relationship can be expressed by the following regression equation: log (% paw edema inhibition) = 1.073(0.304)σ 1 + 1.019(0.259)B1 − 2.001(0.411).
The Short History and Tenuous Future of Medical Professionalism: The Erosion of Medicine's Social Contract

The profession of medicine is based on a shared set of tacit and explicit agreements about what patients, doctors, and society at large should be able to expect from each other, a social contract that defines the profession. Historically, the development of this set of agreements depended upon the creation of social organizations that could speak for the entire profession. Over the last several decades, however, the perceived need for these organizations, and especially the umbrella organization for the profession, the American Medical Association, has waned. The reasons for this are complex, but the consequences are significant: an eroding social contract, fragmentation, lack of cohesion and integrity, and loss of the public's confidence. The present social contract is one-dimensional, overly simplistic, and failing to sustain the public's trust. To address these problems, a renewed social contract is necessary. Although this renewed contract should be based on foundations similar to the original, it must directly confront such contemporary challenges as resource allocation and conflicts of interest. Equally as important, to reinvigorate our social contract more physicians will need to come to grips with a basic truth: to sustain professionalism we need a strong, unified professional association.
An unexpected finding during an inguinal herniorrhaphy: report of an indirect hernia with two hernia sacs

We describe the case of a three-year-old boy with a left inguinal hernia which contained two indirect hernia sacs. We review the anatomic relationship of the hernia sac to the fascial layers of the cord which is important to accurately describe the hernia type and rule out a pantaloon hernia.
Considering motivation, goals, and mastery orientation in dance technique

Goals motivate students to engage in learning-related activities, but not all goals are created equal. Students’ goals can be parsed into two types: mastery and performance. Mastery-oriented students are primarily concerned with learning as an end in itself. Performance-oriented students tend to be more concerned with how they compare to others. Empirical studies have repeatedly confirmed that students’ individual goal orientations are likely to mirror the orientation their teacher stresses, the goal structure of their class. Given the consistent findings regarding the positive outcomes associated with students’ mastery goals, a mastery goal structure may provide a more supportive motivational context for all students. This relationship is well established in many educational contexts but has not received attention in dance. The relevant question is: What do mastery goal structures look like in dance? This article begins to address this question through the exploration of a single teacher’s pedagogical pr...
A Comparison of Energy-Resolved Vibrational Activation/Dissociation Characteristics of Protonated and Sodiated High Mannose N-Glycopeptides

Fragmentation of glycopeptides in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) plays a pivotal role in site-specific protein glycosylation profiling by allowing specific oligosaccharide compositions and connectivities to be associated with specific loci on the corresponding protein. Although MS/MS analysis of glycopeptides has been successfully performed using a number of distinct ion dissociation methods, relatively little is known regarding the fragmentation characteristics of glycopeptide ions with various charge carriers. In this study, energy-resolved vibrational activation/dissociation was examined via collision-induced dissociation for a group of related high mannose tryptic glycopeptides as their doubly protonated, doubly sodiated, and hybrid protonated sodium adduct ions. The doubly protonated glycopeptide ions with various compositions were found to undergo fragmentation over a relatively low but wide range of collision energies compared with the doubly sodiated and hybrid charged ions, and were found to yield both glycan and peptide fragmentation depending on the applied collision energy. By contrast, the various doubly sodiated glycopeptides were found to dissociate over a significantly higher but narrow range of collision energies, and exhibited only glycan cleavages. Interestingly, the hybrid protonated sodium adduct ions were consistently the most stable of the precursor ions studied, and provided fragmentation information spanning both the glycan and the peptide moieties. Taken together, these findings illustrate the influence of charge carrier over the energy-resolved vibrational activation/dissociation characteristics of glycopeptides, and serve to suggest potential strategies that exploit the analytically useful features uniquely afforded by specific charge carriers or combinations thereof.
Obstetric parameters affecting success in a trial of labor: designation of a scoring system.

Abstract OBJECTIVES : We sought to characterize risk factors in patients undergoing trial of labor after previouscesarean section and to determine whether a subset of patients at high risk of having an unsuccessful trial of labor consequently suffer greater morbidity. STUDY DESIGN : A 13-month chart review analyzed 264 labors with documented transverse lower uterine segment scars. Historic and physical examination variables were recorded, and a scoring system was constructed to evaluate successful vaginal delivery after cesarean. RESULTS : Successful vaginal delivery occurred in 192 patients, resulting in a rate of vaginal birth after cesarean of 72.7%. Four variables significantly lower the rate of vaginal birth after cesarean. Of patients scoring 0 (no variables present), 91.5% were successfully delivered vaginally. Scores of 1, 2, and 3 to 4 were associated with the success of vaginal birth after cesarean in 73.9%, 66.7%, and 46.1% of patients, respectively. A score of 3 to 4 did not increase maternal or fetal morbidity in trial-of-labor patients. CONCLUSION : We constructed a scoring system to evaluate the success of vaginal birth after cesarean. Trial of labor in the subset of patients with the lowest success rate does not increase morbidity. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:1099–104.)
Trs65p, a subunit of the Ypt1p GEF TRAPPII, interacts with the Arf1p exchange factor Gea2p to facilitate COPI-mediated vesicle traffic

The TRAPP complexes are multimeric guanine exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rab GTPase Ypt1p. The three complexes (TRAPPI, TRAPPII, and TRAPPIII) share a core of common subunits required for GEF activity, as well as unique subunits (Trs130p, Trs120p, Trs85p, and Trs65p) that redirect the GEF from the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi pathway to different cellular locations where TRAPP mediates distinct membrane trafficking events. Roles for three of the four unique TRAPP subunits have been described before; however, the role of the TRAPPII-specific subunit Trs65p has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that Trs65p directly binds to the C-terminus of the Arf1p exchange factor Gea2p and provide in vivo evidence that this interaction is physiologically relevant. Gea2p and TRAPPII also bind to the yeast orthologue of the γ subunit of the COPI coat complex (Sec21p), a known Arf1p effector. These and previous findings reveal that TRAPPII is part of an Arf1p GEF-effector loop that appears to play a role in recruiting or stabilizing TRAPPII to membranes. In support of this proposal, we show that TRAPPII is more soluble in an arf1Δ mutant.
Parathyroid Hormone Stimulates Cancellous Bone Formation at Skeletal Sites Regardless of Marrow Composition in Ovariectomized Rats

Abstract The purpose of the current report is to compare the skeletal effects of PTH treatment at red (hematopoietic) and yellow (fatty) marrow sites in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. In the first study, mature, slowly growing ovx rats that were 4 months of age and 4 weeks postovariectomy were treated with human parathyroid hormone [hPTH(1–34)] (80 μg/kg, 5 days/week) for 6 weeks. In the second study, aged ovx rats that were 15 months of age and 1 year postovariectomy were treated with PTH according to the same regimen for 10 weeks. The proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM) and first lumbar vertebra (LV), bone sites with red marrow, as well as the distal tibial metaphysis (DTM) and fifth caudal vertebra (CV), bone sites with yellow marrow, were processed undecalcified for quantitative bone histomorphometry. At the end of the first study in mature ovx rats, estrogen depletion induced a 73% loss of cancellous bone in the PTM and a 15% loss in the LV. In contrast, not even a trend for cancellous bone loss was observed in the DTM and CV of vehicle-treated ovx rats. PTH treatment of ovx rats increased cancellous bone volume by 191% in the PTM, 56% in the DTM, 47% in the LV, and 22% in the CV, compared with vehicle treatment of ovx rats. In addition, the hormone markedly increased cancellous bone formation by 177% in the PTM, 679% in the DTM, 309% in the LV, and 833% in the CV. Aged ovx rats (second study) exhibited moderate cancellous osteopenia in the LV but not the CV. PTH treatment increased cancellous bone volume by 67% and 37% and bone formation rate by 635% and 359% in the LV and CV, respectively, compared with vehicle treatment of ovx rats. Although the magnitude of the anabolic response to PTH may vary somewhat within the skeleton, the results indicate that PTH augments cancellous bone mass and markedly stimulates bone formation at skeletal sites, regardless of marrow composition.
Adaptation of the Weighed Food Record Method to Households in the Peruvian Andes and Ethnographic Insights on Hunger

This article is a methodological analysis of anthropological research on child nutrition carried out during fifteen months in a small farming community in the southern Peruvian highlands. Based on the measurement of food intake of seventy-five people during three seasons for a total of more than six hundred meals, the author explains the various ways in which she adapted the weighed food record technique for measuring dietary intake to make it acceptable in this cultural context. She also shows how this method yielded ethnographic data on nonbiological dimensions of hunger in rural households that are concealed from sight of other community members. This analysis shows that the process of collecting quantitative data is itself a sociocultural process that illuminates the realities of people's lives. This article is intended to be useful for researchers, both seasoned and neophytes, who seek a detailed discussion of doing dietary assessment in the field.
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders: lessons from the blind

Summary As totally blind people cannot perceive the light–dark cycle (the major synchroniser of the circadian pacemaker) their circadian rhythms often “free run” on a cycle slightly longer than 24 h. When the free-running sleep propensity rhythm passes out of phase with the desired time for sleep, night-time insomnia and daytime sleepiness result. It has recently been shown that daily melatonin administration can entrain the circadian pacemaker, thereby correcting this burdensome circadian sleep disorder. The primary purpose of this review is to elevate awareness of circadian sleep disorders in totally blind people (especially free-running rhythms) and to provide some guidance for clinical management. An additional goal is to show how research on sleep and circadian rhythms in the totally blind can contribute insights into the scientific understanding of the human circadian system.  2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd
Particles shed from syringe filters and their effects on agitation‐induced protein aggregation

ABSTRACT: We tested the hypothesis that foreign particles shed from filters can accelerate the rate of protein aggregation and particle formation during agitation stress. Various types and brands of syringe filters were tested. Particle counts and size distribution (≥1 µm) in buffer alone or in solutions of keratinocyte growth factor 2 (KGF-2) were determined with a micro-flow imaging. Submicron particle populations were characterized by dynamic light scattering. Loss of soluble protein during filtration or postfiltration incubation was determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy and bicinchoninic acid protein assay. There was a wide range (from essentially none to >100,000/mL) in the counts for at least 1 µm particles shed into buffer or KGF-2 solution from the different syringe filters (with or without borosilicate glass microfibers). Filtration of KGF-2 with units containing glass microfibers above the membrane resulted in 20%–80% loss of protein due to adsorption to filter components. Filtration with systems containing a membrane alone resulted in 0%–20% loss of KGF-2. Effects of 24-h postfiltration incubation were tested on KGF-2 solution filtered with polyether sulfone membrane filters. Loss of soluble protein and formation of particles during agitation were much greater than that in control, unfiltered KGF-2 solutions. Similar acceleration of protein aggregation and particle formation was observed when unfiltered KGF-2 solution was mixed with filtered buffer and agitated. Particle shedding from syringe filters—and the resulting acceleration of protein aggregation during agitation—varied greatly among the different syringe filters and individual units of a given filter type. Our results demonstrate that nanoparticles and microparticles shed from the filters can accelerate protein aggregation and particle formation, especially during agitation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association
Effectiveness of Chemical Repellents in Deterring Red Imported Fire Ants (Solenopsis invicta) from Sherman Live Traps

Abstract Livetrapping small mammals is a common tool for surveying diversity and determining size of populations, but studies in the southern United States often are complicated by the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta). We tested effectiveness of four chemical repellents applied around Sherman live traps to deter fire ants from removing bait and mutilating captured mammals (Borax, granules of pyrethrum, Raid Ant and Roach Spray, and carbaryl flea powder). A significant difference among repellents was detected, with carbaryl flea powder and Raid Ant and Roach Spray performing best. Carbaryl flea powder significantly reduced occurrence of fire ants in baited traps, while diversity and rates of capture for small mammals were unaffected.
Radiation effects on via coupling in power-return plane structures

The radiation effect on via coupling in a power-return plane is studied by using the radial waveguide model combined with the spectral-domain immittance (SDI) approach. The time-domain waveform and frequency-domain response are investigated for cases with or without a consideration of the radiation effects. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 117–119, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20065
Epicardial coronary artery compression secondary to pericardial adhesions demonstrated by multi-modality imaging, and treated by coronary stenting.

A 42-year-old female presented with sudden onset severe left-sided chest pain radiating to the left arm while watching a movie at home. She was rushed to the hospital within 10 minutes. She was found having ST elevation myocardial infarction on ECG and ventricular fibrillation arrest 2 times requiring cardiac resuscitation and defibrillation. Retrospectively, the patient recalled some ill-defined episodes of chest pain with exercise in the past few months before the admission. Her past surgical history 20 years previous was significant for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and pericardial window for removal of large, nonhemorrhagic pericardial effusion of 1.2 L, which occurred ≈1 week after her chest wall injury from basketball. Bedside transthoracic echocardiography revealed mildly decreased left ventricular systolic ejection fraction of 40% to 45%, and pericardial thickening with small pericardial effusion. The patient underwent emergent cardiac catheterization and coronary …
Selective Engagement of Plasticity Mechanisms for Motor Memory Storage

The number and diversity of plasticity mechanisms in the brain raises a central question: does a neural circuit store all memories by stereotyped application of the available plasticity mechanisms, or can subsets of these mechanisms be selectively engaged for specific memories? The uniform architecture of the cerebellum has inspired the idea that plasticity mechanisms like cerebellar long-term depression (LTD) contribute universally to memory storage. To test this idea, we investigated a set of closely related, cerebellum-dependent motor memories. In mutant mice lacking Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV), the maintenance of cerebellar LTD is abolished. Although memory for an increase in the gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) induced with high-frequency stimuli was impaired in these mice, memories for decreases in VOR gain and increases in gain induced with low-frequency stimuli were intact. Thus, a particular plasticity mechanism need not support all cerebellum-dependent memories, but can be engaged selectively according to the parameters of training.
Characterizing pain and associated coping strategies in methadone and buprenorphine-maintained patients

Background Chronic pain is common among patients receiving opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) for opioid use disorder. To aid development of treatment recommendations for coexisting pain and opioid use disorder, it is necessary to characterize pain treatment needs and assess whether needs differ as a function of OMT medication.
A phase screen simulator for predicting the impact of small-scale ionospheric structure on SAR image formation and interferometry

We describe the SAR Scintillation Simulator (SAR-SS), a new phase screen model for simulating the impact of small-scale ionospheric structure on SAR image formation and interferometry. We compare simulated and observed PALSAR imagery over Brazil, and our preliminary findings show that SAR-SS can reproduce the essential features of azimuthal streaking and contrast degradation caused by small-scale structure in the ionosphere.
Analysis of the machine repair problem: a diffusion process approach

Abstract An approximate method based on the diffusion equation is presented for analyzing a non-Markovian machine repair problem. The basic argument used in this approximation is that in the repair stage, the number of failed machines at time t, N(t), is almost always non-empty under heavy-traffic conditions. When time t becomes large, [N(t), t #62; 0] will tend to become a normally distributed random process with appropriate means and variances. With the assumption of normality the estimation of the diffusion parameters becomes tractable, and the method can be used to solve machine repair problems. The objective of this study is to obtain the formulas for the steady state utilization factor of the system repair stage based on the diffusion approximation methodology. For selected systems, the approximate values of the utilization factor of the repair stage are compared with the true values obtained through simulation to show the accuracy of this approximation.
Estimated Stabilization Costs of the EMU

A multicountry econometric model and stochastic simulation are used to estimate the stabilization costs of the European Monetary Union (EMU). A measure of the variability of output and other variables is computed for the current regime and for the EMU regime. The results show that Germany is hurt the most in terms of increased output variability in moving from the current regime to the EMU regime.
Information finding in a digital library: the Stanford perspective

In a digital library one of the most challenging problems is finding relevant information. Information finding is the research focus of the Stanford component of the ARPA-sponsored CS-TR Project, and the work has continued as one of the main thrusts in the Stanford Integrated Digital Library project [14]. In this paper we discuss some of the emerging issues in information finding, such as text-database discovery, efficient information dissemination, and copy detection and removal. We also outline our approaches to these issues.
Experimental Investigations on Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness in Lapping of Substrate Wafers: A Literature Review

Lapping is an important material-removal process for manufacturing of substrate wafers. Objectives of lapping include removing subsurface damage in sliced wafers, thinning wafers to target thickness, and achieving a high degree of parallelism and flatness of wafer surfaces. This paper reviews the literature on lapping of substrate wafers. It presents reported experimental results on effects of input parameters (lapping pressure, plate rotation speed, abrasive grain size, slurry concentration, and slurry flow rate) on material removal rate and surface roughness.
Caregiving Strain and Estimated Risk for Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease Among Spouse Caregivers Differential Effects by Race and Sex

Background and Purpose—Psychosocial stress has been widely studied as a risk factor for stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) but little is known about the differential effects of stress on strok...
Acute Pain Management in the Postanesthesia Care Unit

Pain management in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) is continually evolving, with several new nonopioids expanding the list of available agents. Pain in the PACU is not an inevitable outcome of surgery. With careful planning, multimodal analgesic techniques instituted preoperatively will reduce pain in the PACU. Accurate assessment of the characteristics of pain will direct rational drug choices while minimizing side effects. Better management of pain in the PACU setting will likely improve patient satisfaction and facilitate shorter PACU stays.
On semi-global stabilizability of anti-stable systems by saturated linear feedback

It was recently established that a second-order anti-stable linear system can be semi-globally stabilized on its null controllable region by saturated linear feedback and a higher order linear system with two or more anti-stable poles can be semi-globally stabilized on its null controllable region by more general bounded feedback laws. We will show in this paper that a system with three real-valued anti-stable poles cannot be semi-globally stabilized on its null controllable region by the simple saturated linear feedback.
An Overview of 'TRIPS-Plus' Standards

This chapter provides an overview of international developments since TRIPS that further impact access to medicine. In particular, some countries are now required to adopt higher standards than those required by TRIPS. These “TRIPS-Plus” standards are predominantly implemented as a result of bilateral or regional trade agreements instigated by wealthy countries since the conclusion of TRIPS. Although they are dubbed “TRIPS-Plus,” they have no formal relation to TRIPS. Rather, the term is used to indicate that these requirements go beyond the minimum obligations imposed under TRIPS.This chapter explains common themes among TRIPS-Plus requirements that impact the cost of drugs. This thematic approach aims to highlight how drug costs may be impacted, as well as how and why countries adopt such requirements; however, it is not intended to provide a comprehensive review of every enacted or pending TRIPS-Plus requirement. Rather, other chapters (separately posted on SSRN) discuss specific topics in more detail, such as data exclusivity and patent linkage.
Toward a Theory of the Boundary-Spanning Marketing Organization and Marketing Insights from 31 Organization Theories

Now more than ever, marketing is assuming a key boundary-spanning role – a role that has also redefined the composition of the marketing organization. In this paper, the marketing organization’s integrative and mutually reinforcing components of marketing activities, customer value-creating processes, networks, and stakeholders are delineated within their boundary-spanning roles as a particular emphasis (labeled MOR theory). Thematic marketing insights from a collection of 31 organization theories are used to advance knowledge on the boundary-spanning marketing organization within four areas – strategic marketing resources, marketing leadership and decision making, network alliances and collaborations, and the domestic and global marketplace.
A novel 3D finite element modeling based on medical image for intervertebral disc biomechanical analysis

In order to study the biomechanical mechanism properties of intervertebral disc herniation, combining the CT and MRI data-based anatomical structure of spine. A three-dimensional geometric model of the lumber disk was constructed. Based on the geometric model, a three-dimensional finite element modeling (FEM) for biomechanical analysis has been created. The FEM will represents a promising tool in clinical diagnosis and optimizing individual therapy in the intervertibral disc herniation
Fast, hungry and unstable: finding the Achilles’ heel of small-cell lung cancer

Over 95% of patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) die within five years of diagnosis. The standard of care and the dismal prognosis for this disease have not changed significantly over the past 25 years. Some of the characteristics of SCLC that have defined it as a particularly virulent form of cancer – rapid proliferation, excessive metabolic and angiogenic dependence, apoptotic imbalance and genetic instability – are now being pursued as tumor-specific targets for intervention both in preclinical and early phase clinical studies. Here, we summarize areas of ongoing anti-cancer drug development, including classes of agents that target essential pathways regulating proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptotic resistance, chromosomal and protein stability, and cell–cell and cell–matrix interaction.
Epipleural cryptococcosis in a patient with Hodgkin's disease: A case report

Bilateral epipleural cryptococcosis is reported in a man with Hodgkin's disease. There was no pulmonary involvement by the fungus but pleural effusion was present. The organism was isolated in antemortem blood culture but could not be cultured at autopsy from the pleura after 6 days of treatment with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. The gross and microscopic morphology is described and compared with a previous case of unilateral epipleural cryptococcosis.
Performance evaluation of copper-based Gigabit Ethernet interfaces

In today's high-performance computational environments communication substrates often stand out as the major limiting factor to performance, accessibility, and stability. Such platforms are naturally well-suited for high-performance network foundation built upon Gigabit Ethernet, or "GigE" technologies. Gigabit Ethernet hardware continues to become more attractive in price and availability, making it a viable choice for situations where large bandwidth is demanded. And copper-based Gigabit Ethernet holds additional advantages when considering the additional cost associated with rewiring for fiber technologies. This report characterizes the current capabilities of copper-based gigabit solutions and identifies requisite components for optimal performance. These aspects are compared under various Linux and Windows 2000 configurations as they relate to latency, throughput, and stability for a variety of hardware configurations.
Microarray Analysis of Female- and Larval-Specific Gene Expression in the Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)

The horn fly, Haematobia irritans L., is an obligate blood-feeding parasite of cattle, and control of this pest is a continuing problem because the fly is becoming resistant to pesticides. Dominant conditional lethal gene systems are being studied as population control technologies against agricultural pests. One of the components of these systems is a female-specific gene promoter that drives expression of a lethality-inducing gene. To identify candidate genes to supply this promoter, microarrays were designed from a horn fly expressed sequence tag (EST) database and probed to identify female-specific and larval-specific gene expression. Analysis of dye swap experiments found 432 and 417 transcripts whose expression levels were higher or lower in adult female flies, respectively, compared with adult male flies. Additionally, 419 and 871 transcripts were identified whose expression levels were higher or lower in first-instar larvae compared with adult flies, respectively. Three transcripts were expressed more highly in adult females flies compared with adult males and also higher in the first-instar larval lifestage compared with adult flies. One of these transcripts, a putative nanos ortholog, has a high female-to-male expression ratio, a moderate expression level in first-instar larvae, and has been well characterized in Drosophila. melanogaster (Meigen). In conclusion, we used microarray technology, verified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and massively parallel pyrosequencing, to study life stage- and sex-specific gene expression in the horn fly and identified three gene candidates for detailed evaluation as a gene promoter source for the development of a female-specific conditional lethality system.
Sphagnum atlanticum, a new species from eastern North America

Sphagnum atlanticum is distinguished from S. torreyanum by its well-enclosed branch leaf chlorophyll cells, less well-differentiated stem cortex, stronger brown pigmentation and a flatter capitulum. Sphagnum atlanticum also has falcate-secund branch leaves whereas those of S. torreyanum are straight.
Maketec: A Makerspace as a Third Place for Children

Makerspaces of various models are forming all around the world. We present a model and case study of the Maketec, a public drop-in makerspace for children, run by teens. The Maketec model is designed to promote making and socializing opportunities for girls and boys of ages 9-14. It is based on three underlying principles: (1) "Low Floor/Wide Walls": construction kits and digital fabrication technologies that allow kids to invent and create with no prior knowledge or expertise; (2) "Unstructured Learning": no formal instructors, teens serve as mentors for kids, and promote a culture of self-driven learning through projects; and (3) "A Makerspace as a Third Place": the Maketec is free and managed by kids for kids in an effort to form a unique community of young makers. We report on interviews with four recurring visitors, and discuss our insights around the three principles and the proposed model.