cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments in Modeling: Farnsworth Texas, CO 2 EOR Carbon Sequestration Project

The Southwest Partnership on Carbon Sequestration (SWP), one of seven large scale CO2 sequestration projects sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, is currently conducting its Phase III study, and has completed its injection period with storage of nearly 800,000 tonnes of CO2 at an active commercial-scale carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) project. All CO2 stored during the injection period is anthropogenic, sourced from a fertilizer and an ethanol plant, and would have otherwise entered the atmosphere. Primary goals of this project are to: (1) assure that injected CO2 remains permanently trapped in the subsurface; (2) quantify storage capacity; and (3) to determine operational factors that optimize CO2 storage in depleted reservoirs. This project has demonstrated all aspects of a commercial CCUS field operation, including reservoir engineering, monitoring, simulation, and risk. The project has successfully optimized the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) to CO2 storage balance, used direct monitoring for leakage, and 4D seismic to observe both the distribution and phase of CO2 in the storage formation. In addition, the project has contributed to best practices manuals for associated carbon storage. During each year of the project an updated fine-scale geologic model is produced and distributed for simulation analyses necessary for effective risk assessment and for increased resolution of monitoring, verification and accounting tasks. The SWP researchers continually refine the FWU geological model with new data and analytical techniques wherever possible. The data incorporated includes well logs, reprocessed 3D seismic, fault, fracture features, updated hydraulic flow units, and information gleaned from the microsiesmic analysis. Available geological, geophysical, and geomechanical data are integrated to generate a new static geomodel based on the reprocessed 3D surface seismic data. This paper provides an overview of the recent updates to the FWU geological model.
Effects of the natural feed additive on internal organs and abdominal fat of boiler ducks

The use of antibiotics in the poultry feed industry has been abandoned because it could become residues in livestock origin products. Phytobiotics are bioactive compounds of plants that can be used as alternatives antibiotics in animal feed. The study was conducted to assess the effects of different natural feed additives and levels on internal organs weight and abdominal fat of broiler ducks. A total of 180 two-week-old broiler ducks were randomly allotted to 9 treatments with 4 replicates, each with 5 birds per replicate. The treatments were T0 (basal diet as a control), T1 (basal diet + 1% of noni), T2 (basal diet + 250 ppm of clove oil), T3 (basal diet + 2% of noni), T4 (basal diet + 500 ppm of clove oil), T5 (basal diet + 1% of noni + 250 ppm of clove oil), T6 (basal diet 1% of noni + 500 ppm of clove oil), T7purba (basal diet 2% of noni + 250 ppm of clove oil), and T8 (basal diet 2% of noni + 500 ppm of clove oil). Data were collected obtain abdominal fat and internal organs weight. The data were analyzed of variance based on a Completely Randomized Factorial Design and continued with Duncan’s multiple range test for differences. The result study showed that the abdominal fat of broiler ducks has no significantly reduction in different natural feed additive and levels. The natural feed additives have no negative effects on internal organs weight of broiler ducks .
"Prevention of opioid use disorder: the HOME (housing, opportunities, motivation and engagement) feasibility study".

Young adults experiencing homelessness are at high risk of opioid and other substance use, poor mental health outcomes, exposure to trauma, and other risks. Providing access to stable housing has the potential to act as a powerful preventive intervention, but supportive housing programs have been studied most often among chronically homeless adults or adults with serious mental illness. The Housing First model, which does not precondition supportive housing on sobriety, may reduce drug use in homeless adults. In the present study, we piloted an adapted model of Housing First plus prevention services that was tailored to the needs of young adults (18-24 years) experiencing homelessness in the USA. Preventive services were added to the Housing First model and included youth-centered advocacy services, motivational interviewing, and HIV risk prevention services. This model was piloted in a single-arm study (n = 21) to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a Housing First model over a 6-month period in preparation for a larger randomized trial. We use repeated measures ANOVA to test for changes in alcohol and drug use (percent days of use; alcohol or drug use consequences), housing stability, social network support, and cognitive distortions over 6 months of follow-up. A total of 17 youth completed the study (85% retention), and a high proportion of youth were stably housed at 6-month follow-up. Participation in intervention services was high with an average of 13.57 sessions for advocacy, 1.33 for MI, and 0.76 for HIV prevention. Alcohol use did not change significantly over time. However, drug use, drug use consequences, and cognitive distortions, and the size of youths' social networks that were drug using individuals decreased significantly. The Housing First model appeared to be feasible to deliver, and youth engaged in the supportive intervention services. The study demonstrates the potential for an adapted Housing First model to be delivered to youth experiencing homelessness and may improve outcomes, opening the way for larger randomized trials of the intervention.
Wellbeing among Black American adults living in low-resourced communities.

Very little is known about how Black Americans living in low-resourced communities define and maintain wellbeing. Utilizing a culturally tailored research design, we explored the phenomenon of wellbeing as it resonated with the lived experiences of our informants (N = 35). Using a thematic analysis, we found that existing conceptualizations and theorizing of wellbeing did not consistently emerge from our data. First, we noted paradoxical tensions between descriptions of wellbeing as indicated by the participants (e.g., being alive and having a pain-free life) and the Western, Eurocentric views evidenced in the wellbeing literature. Second, participants identified intergenerational family ties and community networks as ways that foster wellbeing. These findings suggest that we can no longer delimit and apply existing views in theorizing and measuring wellbeing. Our findings elucidated the mindsets, relationships, activities, and practices that define and foster wellbeing among Black Americans living in low-resourced communities.
Healing with Herbs and Rituals: A Mexican Tradition

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Eliseo Torres Year: 2006 Pages: 176 Publisher: University of New Mexico Press ISBN: 0-8263-3961- (soft cover). Prices: $17.95 USD(soft cover).
Roles of the Ig κ Light Chain Intronic and 3′ Enhancers in Igk Somatic Hypermutation

Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of the rearranged Ig genes is required for the affinity maturation of Abs. SHM is almost exclusively targeted to the rearranged Ig loci, but the mechanism of this gene-specific targeting remains unclear. The Ig kappa L chain locus contains multiple enhancers, including the MAR/intronic (iE(kappa)) and 3' enhancers (3'E(kappa)). Previous transgenic studies indicate that both kappa enhancers are individually necessary for SHM of Igk. In contrast, later studies of Ag-selected V(kappa) genes in 3'E(kappa)(-/-) mice found no absolute requirement for 3'E(kappa) in kappa SHM. To address the roles of the two kappa enhancers in SHM in a physiological context, we analyzed SHM of the endogenous Igk in mice with a targeted deletion of either iE(kappa) or 3'E(kappa) in Peyer's patch germinal center B cells. Our findings indicate that, although 3'E(kappa) is quantitatively important for SHM of Igk, iE(kappa) is not required for kappa SHM. In addition, a reduction of kappa mRNA levels is also detected in activated 3'E(kappa)(-/-) B cells. These findings suggest that iE(kappa) and 3'E(kappa) play distinct roles in regulating Igk transcription and SHM.
Cultivating coalition attitudes

It is pointed out that the premise of parallel processing, or concurrent engineering, is a high level of collaboration among technical professionals working in a network, rather than in a sequential-function hierarchy. However, individualism, in the American culture, is an inhibitor to this achievement. In a coalition, individuals can retain their own identity as individual contributors while achieving a common objective. A coalition attitude must be developed to understand the consequence of group synergy, and to recognize the common stake in group success. Self-directed, problem-solving groups are used as the coalition development medium. Facilitation skills are developed, while leadership is exercised. Research on collaborative action coalitions using the inputs of over 100 technical professionals is reported. Attention is given to the inhibitors and how might they be overcome. This is a phase of a larger research effort directed towards the organizational migration from hierarchy, to computer-supported cooperative work in networks. This involves the use of parallel processing, and common databases, for system-level integrated problem solving. >
QUANTUM CLOSED STRINGS FROM MINIMAL AREA

Canonical and factorizable off-shell amplitudes for covariant closed string theory can be obtained from string diagrams of minimal area. Evidence is given that all higher genus minimal area string diagrams can be built using vertices and propagators, implying that the off-shell amplitudes arise from the Feynman rules of a full quantum theory of closed strings. The quantum action gives an exact solution of the full master equation of Batalin and Vilkoviski.
Dissipation of Nicosulfuron and Rimsulfuron in Surface Soil

Field and soil fortification studies were conducted to evaluate the half-lives (DT(50)) of nicosulfuron and rimsulfuron in a Sequatchie silt loam surface soil. The dissipation of each herbicide was also evaluated with the two compounds applied simultaneously, which is a typical application method used in corn production. Field studies in two years indicated that both herbicides alone and in mixture disappeared quickly, with all DT(50) < 6 days. Environmental conditions including warm, moist soil, and a soil pH of 5.7 encouraged rapid herbicide dissipation. Rapid degradation was observed under laboratory conditions using this same soil, with all DT(50) < 3 days. This research indicated minimal risk of carry-over to subsequent rotational crops and minimal residual weed control from these herbicides when applied to a silt loam soil under ambient climatic conditions in Tennessee.
Thymidine kinase of herpes simplex virus type 1 strain KOS lacks mutator activity.

Abstract The effect of thymidine kinase (TK) encoded by herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) strain KOS in DNA replication fidelity was examined by two different mutagenesis assays. Mutagenesis assay of the LacZ reporter gene present in recombinant tkLTRZ1, which contained the integrated LacZ gene in the tk locus, revealed a less than 0.05% mutation frequency of the LacZ gene regardless of whether the viruses were propagated in TK-expressing cells or control cells, conflicting an earlier report that a HSV-1 TK+ strain replicated a 0.5% mutation frequency of the LacZ gene (R. B. Pyles and R. L. Thompson, 1994, J. Virol. 68, 4514–4524). Furthermore, TK-proficient and -deficient recombinant viruses replicated with similar mutation frequencies (0.027 and 0.026%, respectively) of the LacZ gene, which was integrated in the polymerase locus. Results of SupF mutagenesis assay demonstrated that neither the spectra of mutation nor the mutation frequencies of SupF gene, which was integrated in the tk locus of recombinant, were significantly different (P > 0.05) in progeny viruses grown in TK-expressing cells and control cells. Therefore, both LacZ and SupF mutagenesis assays demonstrated that TK of the HSV-1 strain KOS did not have detectable mutator activity.
Multicriteria support for construction bidding

While profit maximization is one important objective in this decision domain, other objectives are important as well. This paper discusses multiple criteria and their respective objectives in construction bidding, and presents a bidding framework which recommends a pairwise comparison procedure to generate criterion weights and a linear transformation procedure to calculate relative scores for bidding alternatives. This hybrid multicriteria method is illustrated and evaluated using a set of past construction bids. The proposed bidding system is found to yield substantially improved solutions when work volume is highly important relative to expected profit. The corresponding decrease in the profit function is identified, allowing evaluation of expected profit foregone, in order that improved multiattribute functions might be attained.
A single amino acid change humanizes long-chain fatty acid binding and activation of mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is an important regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism which functions through ligand binding. Despite high amino acid sequence identity (>90%), marked differences in PPARα ligand binding, activation and gene regulation have been noted across species. Similar to previous observations with synthetic agonists, we have recently reported differences in ligand affinities and extent of activation between human PPARα (hPPARα) and mouse PPARα (mPPARα) in response to long chain fatty acids (LCFA). The present study was aimed to determine if structural alterations could account for these differences. The binding of PPARα to LCFA was examined through in silico molecular modeling and docking simulations. Modeling suggested that variances at amino acid position 272 are likely to be responsible for differences in saturated LCFA binding to hPPARα and mPPARα. To confirm these results experimentally, LCFA binding, circular dichroism, and transactivation studies were performed using a F272I mutant form of mPPARα. Experimental data correlated with in silico docking simulations, further confirming the importance of amino acid 272 in LCFA binding. Although the driving force for evolution of species differences at this position are yet unidentified, this study enhances our understanding of ligand-induced regulation by PPARα and demonstrates the efficacy of molecular modeling and docking simulations.
The Hierarchy of Shanghai Prostitution, 1870-1949:

Shanghai has been called "the key to modern China" (Murphey, 1953) because of its rapid expansion in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, its importance as an industrial and commercial center, its extensive exposure to foreign economic and cultural influences, and its role as a hotbed of the radical politics that eventually shaped the Chinese revolution. Yet although recent scholarship has done a great deal to illuminate various aspects of Shanghai's modern growth, large parts of its history remain hidden from view, among them the history of women's experience outside the industrial sphere. By some estimates numbering 100,000 in the 1930s, prostitutes made up arguably the single most numerous of all female groups living and working in the city. Although less visible and more diverse than the ranks of Shanghai cotton-mill workers, they were no less crucial to the city's development. Their labor helped to support their families, promoted the development of commercial and service establishments, and lined the pockets of the police and the powerful underworld gangs that controlled much of the urban economy. If
Open Access Publishing in Business Research: The Authors’ Perspective

Open access (OA) publishing is now accepted as an integral part of the emerging trends within scholarly communication. Business librarians, like their subject specialist colleagues in other disciplines, are increasingly called upon to interpret scholarly communication trends to their faculty. This study surveys 1,293 business faculty from American schools of business accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. Issues explored include business faculty publishing practices within the discipline and how these affect academic advancement, obtaining articles for their own research, electronic publishing, self-archiving, and their perceptions about OA publishing generally.
Symlog: Theory and Method for Measuring Group and Organizational Communication

SYMLOG, an acronym for the System for Multiple Level Observation of Groups, represents both theory and method for defining and analyzing the interaction among group participants. Based upon Bales's life work, SYMLOG provides efficient data-capture techniques allowing managers and interventionists to collect group member perceptions about the interaction in their work group or in the larger organization. SYMLOG, as introduced by Bales and Cohen (1979), has been subjected to validity and reliability investigations; minor revisions have emerged. Researchers are using SYMLOG in their investigations of group and organizational communication; consultants are using SYMLOG to distinguish among work groups and provide effective feedback in interventions.
A Climatological Study of Vertical Transports by Cumulus-Scale Convection

Abstract Cumulus-scale vertical transports of sensible heat and angular momentum are computed by a technique which uses detailed precipitation measurements as basic input. Data from Boston, Mass., New Orleans, La., San Juan, P.R., and Tatoosh, Wash., are included in the study, and calculations are made for January, April, July and October. The seasonal and regional variations of the computed transports are consistent with climatology. The cumulus-scale transports are compared with the mean meridional, the synoptic-scale, and the total required eddy fluxes of heat and momentum, and are found to be of the same order of magnitude as the most important components of larger scale vertical flux during at least one season at each station.
Growth factor-induced proliferation in corneal epithelial cells is mediated by 12(S)-HETE.

Abstract Purpose . Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE), a product of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) activity, is the predominant metabolite formed in rabbit corneas after injury. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) on 12-LOX expression and activity. We also investigated whether 12(S)-HETE mediated the growth factor-induced proliferation of corneal epithelial cells. Methods . Rabbit corneas were stimulated with EGF, HGF, and KGF (10 ng ml −1 ) for different times. 12-LOX activity was assayed by incubating corneal microsomal preparations with radiolabeled arachidonic acid (AA) as substrate. For inhibitor studies, the microsomes were pretreated with 12-LOX-specific inhibitors baicalein (BC) or cinnamyl 3,4-dihydroxy-(alpha)-cyanocinnamate (CDC). Lipid extracts were injected onto an Ultramex 5 μm C 18 column and radioactivity was monitored online by a Radiomatic Flo-One Beta detector. Stereochemical analysis of 12-HETE product was determined by chiral-phase HPLC. To evaluate the effects of growth factors on 12-LOX mRNA expression, mRNA was extracted at several time points (12, 24, 36, 48 hr) and subjected to real-time PCR. For 12-LOX protein expression, microsomal preparations from 24- and 48-hr incubations were analyzed by Western blot. In cell-proliferation studies, epithelial cells treated with EGF, HGF, or KGF for 24, 48, and 72 hr were measured with a CyQUANT cell-proliferation assay kit. To determine the role of growth factor-induced 12(S)-HETE synthesis on corneal epithelial cell proliferation, cells were pretreated with 12-LOX-specific inhibitors BC or CDC prior to growth-factor supplementation. Results . Stimulation with EGF, HGF, or KGF for 12 hr induced 12-LOX mRNA expression in rabbit corneal epithelial cells. This gene induction was followed by an increase in protein expression at 24 and 48 hr and a marked increase in 12(S)-HETE synthesis when compared to untreated controls. At 24-hr incubations, KGF showed a greater capacity than did EGF and HGF to stimulate microsomal 12-LOX activity, while at 48 hr 12(S)-HETE synthesis was significantly greater in EGF-treated cells as compared to that of HGF- and KGF-treated cells. Pretreatment with 12-LOX inhibitors blocked the growth factor-induced increase in 12(S)-HETE synthesis. Stimulation with growth factors or 12(S)-HETE for 24, 48, and 72 hr produced a significant increase in corneal epithelial proliferation, which was partially inhibited by pretreatment of cells with 12-LOX-specific inhibitors. Conclusion . These findings suggest that EGF, HGF, and KGF stimulate 12(S)-HETE production in rabbit corneal epithelial cells through gene induction of 12-LOX. Furthermore, 12(S)-HETE may play a role in regulating epithelial cell proliferation and the rate of corneal re-epithelialization following an injury.
Pointwise Estimates and Stability for Dispersive–Diffusive Shock Waves

We study the stability and pointwise behavior of perturbed viscous shock waves for a general scalar conservation law with constant diffusion and dispersion. Along with the usual Lax shocks, such equations are known to admit undercompressive shocks. We unify the treatment of these two cases by introducing a new wave-tracking method based on “instantaneous projection”, giving improved estimates even in the Lax case. Another important feature connected with the introduction of dispersion is the treatment of a non-sectorial operator. An immediate consequence of our pointwise estimates is a simple spectral criterion for stability in all L p norms, p≥ 1 for the Lax case and p > 1 for the undercompressive case. Our approach extends immediately to the case of certain scalar equations of higher order, and would also appear suitable for extension to systems.
Engineering of DNA binding proteins into site-specific cutters: reactivity of Trp repressor-1,10-phenanthroline chimeras

Trp repressor (TrpR) can be converted into a site-specific nuclease by chemical modification of the cysteine mutants TrpR D46C or TrpR E49C with 5-iodoacetamido-1,10-phenanthroline (OP). In the presence of cupric ion and 3-mercaptopropionic acid, TrpR-regulated operators are cleaved. The properties of these semisynthetic scission reagents have been compared. The E49C construct cleaves efficiently at two sites within the operator and the D46C cleaves at multiple sites. Molecular modeling indicates that the reason for the focused reactivity of E49C is that the OP is rigidly oriented in the protein-DNA complexes whereas the OP can adopt several orientations in TrpR D46C. Mutations and reaction conditions that increase the affinity of the repressor enhance the scission efficiency which approaches 100% within the acrylamide matrix. TrpR E49C-OP smoothly cleaves the trpEDCBA operator in a plasmid in a reaction dependent on the corepressor L-tryptophan. In the absence of tryptophan, non-specific cleavage of the plasmid is observed under the same conditions. Therefore, tryptophan not only directs cleavage to a specific site but also blocks it at non-specific sites. The analysis of the cleavage pattern of the trpEDCBA operator provides strong evidence for the tandem binding model in which protein-protein interactions stabilize binding on the DNA. TrpR E49C-OP should serve as the basis for the engineering of a family of highly specific semisynthetic scission reagents.
Products of Mind: Exploring Student Preferences for Product Development Using My Way ... An Expression Style Instrument:

In this article, students' preferences for creating potential products are explored through the use of an expression style inventory. A total of 3,532 students from 45 school districts in 24 states completed surveys designed to assess their interest in creating a variety of products. Factor analytic procedures yielded 11 factors with alpha reliabilities ranging from .72 to .95. The analysis allowed examination of the content and construct validity for the instrument. The article concludes with practical classroom applications for the expression style inventory in talent development programs such as those based on the Schoolwide Enrichment Model (Renzulli & Reis, 1985).
An alpha autoradiographic technique for determination of 10B concentrations in blood and tissue

Boron neutron-capture therapy (BNCT) is an experimental radiation therapy which is being developed for the treatment of malignant tumors. One requirement for successful BNCT is that a sufficient amount of 10B concentrates in the tumor while clearing from normal tissues and blood. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of various 10B delivery agents, the concentrations of boron in blood, tumor and normal tissues must be known. Using the solid-state nuclear-track detector (SSNTD) CR-39, we have developed a sequential assay technique for measuring 10B in the blood of rats. We have also developed a CR-39-based assay technique to spatially quantify 10B concentrations across tissue sections. Both techniques rely on alpha-track autoradiography for 10B concentration quantitation. The SSNTD CR-39 is used to record the tracks of the charged reaction products of the 10B(n, α)7Li reaction. Samples are placed on the CR-39 and irradiated. The CR-39 is then etched with sodium hydroxide and the resulting tracks are counted using our SSNTD automatic readout and analysis (SARA) system. This technique has permitted us to determine blood 10B clearance curves on individual animals bled sequentially over 24 hours. The tissue-section assay technique has been used to quantify 10B concentrations in tumor and normal tissues, on lines across tissue sections. This was done by combining 10B concentrations on lines across the CR-39 with color digital images of the tissue section. The minimum detectable concentration for the blood assay technique was 0.2 μg 10B/ml. The methodology that we have developed should be useful in evaluating the potential usefulness of various 10B-containing compounds for BNCT.
Technology evaluation in a US hospital: The role of clinical engineering

Appropriate deployment of technological innovation contributes to improvement in the quality of healthcare delivered, containment of cost, and an increased access to the healthcare system. Hospitals have been allocating a, significant portion of their resources to procuring and managing capital assets; they are continously faced with demands for new medical equipment and are, asked to manage existing inventory for which they are not well prepared. To objectively manage their investment, hospitals are developing medical technology management programmes that need pertinent information and methods for new equipment planning as well as for reduction in the ownership costs of existing equipment. Clinical engineers can identify new medical equipment, review their institution's technological position, develop equipment-selection criteria, supervise installations and monitor postprocurement performance to meet their hospital's programme's objectives. This programme, together with cost accounting analysis, will objectively guide the capital assets decisionmaking process. The result of systematic planning and execution, the programme will assure the lowest life-cycle costs at the best performance. The clinical engineer's skills and expertise are needed to facilitate the adoption of an objective methodology for implementing the programme, thus improving the match between the hospital's needs and budget projections, equipment performance and cost of ownership.
Non-uniform growth of the ring current belt.

Abstract It is shown that magnetospheric substorms are associated with a non-uniform (in longitude and in the substorm-time) growth of the ring current belt. In an early epoch of the substorm, the ring current particles appear in the sunlit sector, while the midnight and morning sectors are deserted at the same period; it is only during a later epoch of the substorm that the midnight sector becomes populated by ring current particles. The demarcation meridian in the evening sector is a function of the intensity of geomagnetic storms.
Quenching of spin fluctuations by high magnetic fields in the heat capacity of Ce Sn 3

The low-temperature (1.3-20.0-K) heat capacity of the mixed-valent compound Ce${\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}$ was measured in magnetic fields up to \ensuremath{\sim} 10 T. The electronic specific heat constant $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decreases with increasing fields and at 9.98 T reaches $\ensuremath{\sim}\frac{3}{4}$ of the zero-field value. The nearly constant value of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ for $Hg7.5\mathrm{T}$ suggests that the spin fluctuations are probably completely quenched by 10 T. The ${T}^{3} \mathrm{ln}T$ term of the heat capacity observed in zero field disappears in fields g 2.5 T. Furthermore, the applied magnetic field induces a magnetic moment on the Ce atoms, and this leads to a magnetic contribution to the heat capacity which has a ${T}^{3}$ temperature dependence. Analysis of the heat-capacity data of Ce${\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}$ yields the many-body enhancement factor due to paramagnons (${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{spin}}$) as 0.65, the Stoner enhancement factor ($S$) as 4.23, the spinfluctuation temperature (${T}_{s}$) as 5.8 K, and the effective field sufficient to quench spin fluctuations (${H}_{\mathrm{eff}}$) as 8.6 T. The field dependence of the electronic contribution to the heat capacity is compared with that predicted by two theoretical models and the agreement is fair in one case and poor in the second case.
Neuropeptides: Conductors of the immune orchestra

There is increasing evidence for a bidirectional communications system between the immune system and the brain. Many of the substances involved in this communication appear to be neuropeptides. These findings have given biochemical validity to the clinical and epidemiological studies that have suggested that psychosocial factors can modulate the response to infections and neoplasms.
The ergodic theory of Markov chains in random environments

A general formulation of the stochastic model for a Markov chain in a random environment is given, including an analysis of the dependence relations between the environmental process and the controlled Markov chain, in particular the problem of feedback. Assuming stationary environments, the ergodic theory of Markov processes is applied to give conditions for the existence of finite invariant measure (equilibrium distributions) and to obtain ergodic theorems, which provide results on convergence of products of random stochastic matrices. Coupling theory is used to obtain results on direct convergence of these products and the structure of the tail σ-field. State properties including classification and communication properties are discussed.
A comparison of the quasi-static mechanical and non-linear viscoelastic properties of the human semitendinosus and gracilis tendons

Abstract Background Over 50-% of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions are performed using semitendinosus and gracilis tendon autografts. Despite their increased use, there remains little quantitative data on their mechanical behavior. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the quasi-static mechanical and non-linear viscoelastic properties of human semitendinosus and gracilis tendons, as well as the variation of these properties along their length. Methods Specimens were subjected to a series of uniaxial tensile tests: 1-h static stress-relaxation test, 30 cycle cyclic stress-relaxation test and load to failure test. To describe the non-linear viscoelastic behavior, the quasi-linear viscoelastic theory was utilized to model data from the static stress-relaxation experiment. Findings The constants describing the viscoelastic behavior were similar between the proximal and distal halves of the gracilis tendon. The proximal half of the semitendinosus tendon, however, had a greater viscous response than its distal half, which was also significantly higher than the proximal gracilis tendon. In terms of the quasi-static mechanical properties, the properties were similar between the proximal and distal halves of the semitendinosus tendon. However, the distal gracilis tendon showed a significantly higher tangent modulus and ultimate stress compared to its proximal half, which was also significantly higher than the distal semitendinosus tendon. Interpretation The results of this study demonstrate differences between the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons in terms of their quasi-static mechanical and non-linear viscoelastic properties. These results are important for establishing surgical preconditioning protocols and graft selection.
Influence of ferroelectric polarization on the energetics of the reaction of 2-fluoroethanol on BaTiO3

Abstract The influence of ferroelectric polarization on the reaction of 2-fluoroethanol on ferroelectric BaTiO3 thin films was characterized. 2-Fluoroethanol was found to absorb dissociatively on the BaTiO3 surface to form an alkoxide that reacts upon heating to produce acetaldehyde, ethylene, and adsorbed fluorine atoms which remain on the surface. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) studies showed that the activation energy for the production of the acetaldehyde product was a function the orientation of the ferroelectric dipoles with an ∼4 kJ mol−1 higher value on the c+ termination relative to the c− termination.
An approach to the problem of facial pain

There is increasing recognition on the part of the dental profession of the wide­ spread incidence of facial and oral pain of an obscure nature and of the grave significance of such pain in terms of hu­ man welfare. It is becoming more and more obvious that the dentist must seek to increase the efficacy of his service through a deeper understanding of the nature and characteristics of pain, so­ matic and psychosomatic, and of effec­ tive methods of diagnosis, therapy and prevention. The need for clinical analysis, teach­ ing and research in this field led to the establishment of the Consultative Oral and Facial Pain Service at the Univer­ sity of California, College of Dentistry. Within the dental group primarily con­ cerned in this service, the specialized functions represented are those of anat­ omist, oral surgeon, diagnostician, pa­ thologist, and psychologist. Consultative services in other branches of dentistry, as well as specialists in neurology, internal medicine, otorhinolaryngology, and so on, are available as required. The following presentation is based on a selected group of cases handled re­ cently. One case has been chosen to form, as it were, the central plot of this presentation. This case is discussed in considerable detail. It will illustrate the necessity, in the presence of complex conditions, for adequate preliminary study and for caution in diagnostic cate­ gorization, as well as for repeated re­ view and analysis during the period of treatment. Further, it will illustrate the principle that, in cases of obscure pain, it is often essential to combine diagnos­ tic testing and actual therapy. Other cases will be referred to briefly in order to demonstrate either variant responses in instances of somewhat similar symp­ tom complexes or problems of differen­ tial diagnosis.
The electrophoretic separation of human β-galactosidases on cellulose acetate☆

Abstract A cellulose acetate electrophoresis system has been developed for the fractionation of human β-galactosidases. Enzyme localization depends on the fluorescence of the aglycone hydrolized from 4-methylumbelliferyl β- d -galactopyranoside. The procedure utilizes smaller amounts of sample, is faster, and employs more routinely available equipment and supplies than previously employed starch-gel techniques. The influence of voltage, time, pH, type of buffer, and buffer strength on migration and resolution of enzymatic components has been evaluated. The effects of time, pH, enzyme level, and presence of inhibitors on the enzyme detection technique were also tested.
Comparison of the electronic states of alloys from the coherent potential approximation and an order-N calculation

For historical reasons, the coherent potential approximation was originally proposed for isomorphous models of alloys in which all the atoms of a given species are assumed to have the same charge distribution. Order-N methods for density-functional theory local-density approximation calculations of the electronic structure for clusters of hundreds or thousands of atoms demonstrate that a polymorphous model, in which each atom is different, is more realistic. The predictive ability of isomorphous coherent potential approximations is studied by comparison with order-N calculations.
Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in the nucleus accumbens are necessary for alcohol drinking

Despite the fact that alcohol is one of the most widely used and abused of all psychoactive drugs, there is surprising lack of consensus on the molecular mechanisms of action. One particularly important aspect of ethanol (EtOH) is its effect on the reward system in the mammalian brain, because it may help us to understand and help people afflicted with alcohol abuse and addiction better. In PNAS, Patricia Janak, Dorit Ron, and their colleagues (1) at the Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center associated with the University of California, San Francisco, are making progress on both aspects by using the technique of viral-mediated RNAi to knock down the expression of a specific inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor protein implicated in low- to moderate-dose EtOH effects on brain. This manipulation was carried out in vivo on rats in a specific mesolimbic brain region implicated in the reinforcing effects of EtOH, producing a significant reduction in oral uptake of EtOH.
Doppler Radar with Polarization Diversity

Abstract In this note we propose a technique to uncouple the tie between unambiguous Doppler velocity and range. Transmission of orthogonally polarized waves in pairs of pulses increases a weather Doppler radar's capability to unambiguously resolve velocity spectrum mean and variance at simultaneous range locations sampled in real time.
What We Talk about When We Talk about Families.

Author(s): Philip A. Cowan Reviewed work(s): Source: Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Vol. 64, No. 2, The Stories That Families Tell: Narrative Coherence, Narrative Interaction, and Relationship Beliefs (1999), pp. 163-176 Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the Society for Research in Child Development Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3181527 . Accessed: 24/12/2011 02:59
The Unsuccessful Medical School Applicant: A Challenge in Advising

The last decade was marked with a significant increase in the number of applicants to medical school both nationally and in Arizona. We reached an all-time high in 1974-75 with a national pool of 42,624 applicants (14,763 enrolled) and 401 applicants (80 matriculants) at the University of Arizona College of Medicine. After this peak, both nationally and at the University of Arizona, slight decreases occurred during the years 1975-80.' One obvious effect arising from competition for entry into medical school is the significant number of students who find their primary career choice thwarted. Most often, this reality becomes apparent to them late in the final semester of their undergraduate education. If our undergraduate institutions are to be effective with the rejected applicant at this time of crisis, and with the pre-medical students as a whole in attempting to prevent the crisis, medical school admissions officers and pre-medical advisors have an acute need for an informed basis for their actions. The unsuccessful applicants often leave the undergraduate institution embittered because the system, as they see it, has somehow failed them. We need to have knowledge of these students and their experiences as applicants to assist others like them. Successful applicants to medical schools are a much-studied group; rejected applicants have received little attention. We know nothing of the nature or even existence of support structures for the unsuccessful applicant at our undergraduate institutions.
Exact Jacobians of Roe-type flux difference splitting of the equations of radiation hydrodynamics (and Euler equations) for use in time-implicit higher-order Godunov schemes

Abstract In this paper we analyze some of the numerical issues that are involved in making time-implicit higher-order Godunov schemes for the equations of radiation hydrodynamics (and the Euler or Navier–Stokes equations). This is done primarily with the intent of incorporating such methods in the author’s RIEMANN code. After examining the issues it is shown that the construction of a time-implicit higher-order Godunov scheme for radiation hydrodynamics would be benefited by our ability to evaluate exact Jacobians of the numerical flux that is based on Roe-type flux difference splitting. In this paper we show that this can be done analytically in a form that is suitable for efficient computational implementation. It is also shown that when multiple fluid species are used or when multiple radiation frequencies are used the computational cost in the evaluation of the exact Jacobians scales linearly with the number of fluid species or the number of radiation frequencies. Connections are made to other types of numerical fluxes, especially those based on flux difference splittings. It is shown that the evaluation of the exact Jacobian for such numerical fluxes is also benefited by the present strategy and the results given here. It is, however, pointed out that time-implicit schemes that are based on the evaluation of the exact Jacobians for flux difference splittings using the methods developed here are both computationally more efficient and numerically more stable than corresponding time-implicit schemes that are based on the evaluation of the exact or approximate Jacobians for flux vector splittings.
FPGA Implementation of Trained Coarse Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation and Correction for OFDM Signals (Abstract Only)

This paper develops an FPGA implementation of a trained coarse Carrier Frequency Offset estimation and correction scheme using MATLAB System Generator. The designed system is capable of supporting variable FFT sizes for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing signals and different pilot symbol structures making it compatible with a large number of wireless communication standards, unlike other work that is protocol specific. This design stands out from its more common implementations as it requires only one pilot symbol to be considered for synchronization by using a data-aided modified correlation scheme, allowing for an increase in throughput. The Bit Error Rate of the corrected signal received over an Additive White Gaussian Noise channel is compared to the case without correction. This scheme demonstrated increased performance throughput since only a single pilot symbol was used.
SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN BIRDS.

Summary The coronary arteries of commercially raised white Leghorn cockerels and hens were dissected, embedded in gelatin and studied. Stated age was between 2 and 3 years. Fibrotic lesions were found with lipids in the base of the more severe plaques. Their relationship to sex, blood lipids, aortic atherosclerosis and lymphocytic infiltration is discussed. Limited observations indicate that initial lesions were also present in younger cockerels of another strain. Suggestions for the use of adult fowls in the study of “spontaneous” coronary atherosclerosis are emphasized.
MO‐D‐BRD‐01: Pushing the Limits of Microwave Linear Accelerators

We will review recent advances for ultra‐high gradient‐linac. We will show how the research on the basic phenomena of microwave breakdown in ultra‐high vacuum structure, led to novel geometrical designs that allow electron linac to achieve gradients in excess of 140 MV/m. Also, with the usage of copper alloys, one would hope to push this gradient to 180 MV/m. these advances can be applied to protonlinacs. We will present suggested designs for future protonlinacs, which would push the gradient to more than 70 MV/m. These will operate at high frequency in the X/Ku band. With this technology one hopes to design compact proton therapy machines at energies of ∼ 250 MeV, with fine control of energy. The compactness of the linac might allow the whole system to be installed on a single gantry.
Sharing the Load: a Planning Checklist for Consortial Database Use

This paper provides a skirling point lor those who are planning to implement shared research databases in a consortium environment. For those who are well into the process, it provides a stop-ping-off place, a review tool for the next planning meeting or consortium retreat. The paper presents a checklist of planning concerns and accompanying discussion and illustration of the issues.
High-power and high-temperature FET technology

The performance of heterojunction metal-semiconductor-field- effect-transistors (MESFETs) and junction-field-effect- transistors (JFETs) fabricated with different buffers is presented. For the JFET, carbon was chosen as the p-type dopant because of its relative low diffusivity compared to other doping elements. The viability of heterojunction MESFET and JFET devices operating at 400 degrees C have been demonstrated. Two key factors contributing to the reduction of drain leakage currents were the use of a high resistivity, undoped AlAs buffer layers and the gate contacting layers: n-type AlGaAs for the MESFET and p-type AlGaAs for the JFET. A two LT-AL0.3Ga0.7As layer scheme were used for the first time specifically for use in high temperature applications. Even at 400 degrees, C the gate leakage current density for a gate length of 2 micrometers was 9 by 10-7 A/micrometers at Vds equals 3V Vgs equals -7. The high resistance of LT-AlGaAs materials after annealing was responsible for such low gate leakage currents. The p- HEMTs became leaky at high temperature because of the parallel conduction and buffer design. The gate diode performed better when contacted to the undoped AlGaAs layer. DC and high-temperature performance of GaN-based MESFETs and MODFETs were compared. Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN MODFETs with a gate-length of 2micrometers exhibited high transconductance was 47mS/mm, and dropped by 12 percent of its initial value to 41.4 mS/mm at 350 degrees C. The decrease in transconductance with temperature can be explained by the temperature dependence of the electron mobility. The large conduction band discontinuity in this material system may play an important role in terms of better electron confinement thus resulting in less degradation in transconductance.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The action of solubilizing agents on the solubility of xanthine derivatives in water. II. The application of conductimetric titrations to the study of xanthine combinations.

Abstract The effect of xanthine derivatives on the conductance of the solubilizing agent in solution was observed. No reaction could be noted when citric acid was titrated with caffeine, sodium acetate with caffeine, sodium benzoate with caffeine, sodium acetate with theobromine, sodium benzoate with theobromine, sodium salicylate with theobromine, sodium acetate with theophylline, sodium benzoate with theophylline, or sodium salicylate with theophylline. In the case of caffeine and sodium salicylate there was a progressive decrease in conductivity. The curves obtained with theophylline ethylenediamine as well as theobromine ethylenediamine represent typical acid‐base reactions.