cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and study of Bi[1,8]naphthyridine ligands as potential photooxidation mediators in Ru(II) polypyridyl aquo complexes.

A series of 3,3‘-polymethylene-bridged bi[1,8]naphthyridine (binap) ligands, 3a−c, are complexed with Ru(II) to afford [Ru(tpy)(3a−c)(H2O)]2+ where an uncomplexed nitrogen on 3a−c is situated so it can form a H-bond with the coordinated water. An additional complex involving [Ru(4‘-NMe2tpy)(3b)(H2O)]2+ is also prepared. X-ray analyses of the [Ru(tpy)(3a,c)(H2O)]2+ complexes indicate well-organized H-bonds even when the binap is nonplanar. In an attempt to realize photooxidation, the effects of light, varying potential, and pH were examined. A Pourbaix diagram indicated that the oxidation potential decreased by ∼0.5 V in the pH range of 1.9−11.6. The lowest-energy electronic absorption for the binap complexes involves the metal-to-ligand charge transfer to the binap ligand and is sensitive to ligand planarity. The absorbance shifted to a lower energy as the auxiliary ligand became a better donor (4‘-NMe2tpy) or as the water was deprotonated. Acetonitrile was found to displace water most easily for the comp...
Tests of incremental rotary encoders

Inexpensive optical rotary incremental encoders now available can provide resolution approaching one arcsecond. However, several factors limit the accuracy of measurement that can be obtained. We report on test results of rotary incremental encoders obtained with a test setup that compared the output of two such encoders driven by the same shaft. Although intrinsic non-linear response of the encoders tested is specified to be less than plus or minus 15 arcseconds, additional errors are often caused by the coupling of the encoder to a rotating device. Bearing runout and shaft misalignment typically require use of a flexible coupler, but tests with several types of small inexpensive flexible couplers have shown that these can contribute additional errors including windup and non-uniform rotation that is affected by small changes in alignment. An additional minor source of error is due to a reproducible periodic error of several arcseconds generated in the interpolation electronics used to provide high resolution by subdividing the analog signal from the encoder. The driving torque required by a typical Gurley encoder is larger than might be expected, and has been measured at various speeds by determining the amount of windup with a solid aluminum coupling shaft.
Lexical creativity during instances of word-finding difficulty: Broca's vs. Wernicke's aphasia.

Abstract Lexical innovation—the creation of a word by combining existing morphemes in a novel way (e.g. “map ball” for “globe”)—was evaluated as a method for circumventing word-finding difficulty in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia. Aphasic groups were matched for naming performance and compared to a control group of normal adults matched for age and education. Lexical innovations were collected during the administration of a confrontation naming test, and were then analyzed in terms of the correctness of morpheme combination, semantic accuracy, novelty, and communicative effectiveness. An innovation was considered to be communicatively effective when its intended referent was understood by a naive judge. The lexical innovations of the two aphasic groups were diametrically opposed: as compared to both Broca's aphasics and normal adults, Wernicke's aphasics innovated significantly less often, and their innovations were significantly inferior in terms of: semantic precision, the proper construction of morpheme combination, and communicative effectiveness. This pattern suggests that lack of verbal fluency may be compatible with lexical creativity, while empty logorrheic speech may be an impediment to lexical creativity. Similarly, we conclude that the agrammatism of Broca's aphasia does not interfere with lexical innovation, while the paragrammatism of Wernicke's aphasia does interfere with lexical innovation, thus suggesting that paragrammatism affects morpheme combination at the word level as well as the sentence level.
Automated three-dimensional reconstruction of keyhole limpet hemocyanin type 1.

Abstract We have reconstructed a three-dimensional map of keyhole limpet hemocyanin isoform 1 (KLH1), using our automated data collection software, Leginon, integrated with particle selection algorithms, and the SPIDER reconstruction package. KLH1, a 7.9 MDa macromolecule, is an extracellular respiratory pigment composed of two asymmetric decamers, and presents an overall D5 point-group symmetry. The reconstruction is in agreement with previous data published on molluscan hemocyanins. The reconstructed map (11.3 A resolution, 3σ criterion) was used to fit an available X-ray crystallography structure of Octopus dofleini Odg, solved at 2.3 A [J. Mol. Biol. 278 (4) (1998) 855], with satisfactory results. The results validate the approach of automating the cryoEM process and demonstrate that the quality of the images acquired and the particles selected is comparable to those obtained using manual methods. Several problems remain to be solved however before these results can be generalized.
The influence of cultural and situational contexts on Hispanic and non‐Hispanic communication competence behaviors

This study investigates the influence of context on judgments of communication competence behaviors in two different cultural groups in the United States. Two hundred and twenty‐five Hispanic Americans and 209 white non‐Hispanic Americans were asked to rate the relative importance of communication behaviors in creating impressions of communicative competence in four different contexts: An intracultural social situation, an intracultural task situation, an intercultural social situation and an intercultural task situation. Exploratory factor analysis and subsequent confirmatory factor analyses confirmed similar factor structures for both culture groups on eight verbal and nonverbal dimensions of competent behaviors. Results of multiple analysis of variance tests revealed similarity and differences between the two groups in their judgments of communication competence behaviors. Specifically, both groups reported that Language Adaptability and Cultural Topics were more important in intercultural than intracu...
Beta-2-microglobulin as renal diagnostic agent

Our group has undertaken the determination of serum levels of beta-2-microglobulin in 250 patients. We have compared this diagnostic entity to radioisotopic glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. We have also analyzed the cost effectiveness of each of these diagnostic entities and combinations thereof. We conclude that beta-2-microglobulin is a simple test to perform; it is specific, sensitive, and accurate. Its cost effectiveness is excellent. We advocate its wide clinical usage.
A class-C loop gain amplitude modulator

A class-C loop-gain amplitude modulator is described. The class-C loop gain circuit not only produces the characteristic high degree of modulation linearity, but also allows the modulating signal to be applied to the base circuit of the transistor modulator. Along with small modulation source current, very small modulation voltages are required to achieve large carrier amplitude deviations. This reduces the modulating source power by two or three orders of magnitude over the traditional collector modulation stage. Excellent modulation linearity is exhibited while only a very low level of modulating source power is required. >
The Free Globin in Human Erythrocytes. I

Summary: A method of measuring free globin has been described. Human erythrocytes are shown to contain free globin and levels have been established for a group of haematologically normal individuals. Storage experiments indicate the importance of performing the free globin assay on fresh blood. Evidence is presented that this free globin is probably a mixture of α-β apoprotein and intermediate α2-β2 tetramers partially saturated with haem.
Decomposition of communication networks

Abstract This is a study of the structural relationships among four commonly used networks in small-group experiments. Using graph theory several relationships among these networks are developed. The results demonstrate how these networks can be decomposed into subnetworks. Several behavioral consequences are developed and a rationale is provided for using 5-person groups in experiments. Other consequences indicate several experimental procedures that can be used in the analysis of organizations.
Are we clear on the meaning of viscerosomatic convergence

M uch of the initial portion of the focus article introduces the reader to information on viscerosomatic convergence. This includes sections on the pervasiveness of viscerosomatic convergence and coordinating responses of visceral and somatic systems to meet the needs of a behaving organism. Dr. Berkley importantly stresses that there is substantial integration of these systems with relatively little understanding about how that integration takes place. In the most general sense, I certainly agree with these discussions. In the latter portion of the focus article, Dr. Berkley provides more specific views about how integration might take place. Dr. Berkley proposes that individual neurons receiving viscerosomatic convergence may have the capacity for being involved in several different functions, where the function at any given time depends on the overall behavioral and physiological circumstances of the organism and the overall pattern of activity of other neurons in the nervous system. For example, a possible scenario suggested by Dr. Berkley is that "when neurons in a certain part of the cuneate nucleus are active at the same time as certain neurons in specific parts of the solitary nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, zona incerta, orbital cortex, and intermediolateral spinal grey, then pain imprecisely localized within the thoracic cavity and on the forearm is experienced and the heartbeat interval changes. By contrast, when those cuneate neurons are active at the same time as neurons in the ventrobasal complex and red nucleus, but not in the solitary nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, etc., then some sort of tactile experience occurs that is more precisely local-
Pervasive degeneracy and epistasis in a protein-protein interface

Mapping protein sequence space is a difficult problem that necessitates the analysis of 20(N) combinations for sequences of length N. We systematically mapped the sequence space of four key residues in the Escherichia coli protein kinase PhoQ that drive recognition of its substrate PhoP. We generated a library containing all 160,000 variants of PhoQ at these positions and used a two-step selection coupled to next-generation sequencing to identify 1659 functional variants. Our results reveal extensive degeneracy in the PhoQ-PhoP interface and epistasis, with the effect of individual substitutions often highly dependent on context. Together, epistasis and the genetic code create a pattern of connectivity of functional variants in sequence space that likely constrains PhoQ evolution. Consequently, the diversity of PhoQ orthologs is substantially lower than that of functional PhoQ variants.
Regulating Locality vs. Parallelism Tradeoffs in Multiple Memory Controller Environments

The presence of multiple MCs and their integration into the on-chip network fabric creates a highly concurrent system that can support significant levels of memory level parallelism (MLP) across cores. This work exposes the trade-off between DRAM parameters, bank level parallelism (BLP), and row buffer hit rate that exposes the amount of effective BLP that is necessary to approximate a 100% hit rate. We further study how this trade-off can be controlled and propose a class of global (system) and local (within an MC) address mappings that can be tuned to optimize the performance across a set of multiprogrammed benchmarks.
Radiographic aspects of exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racing horses

Abnormal pulmonary radiopacities were identified in 13 racing horses in which a diagnosis of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) had been confirmed. The lesions were in the caudal lung lobe in all horses; seven were on the right and three on the left, and the laterality for three could not be determined. In ten horses the opacities, which were large and peripherally located, obliterated the thoracophrenic angle. They merged with the silhouette of the diaphragm and had a circular or ovoid surface directed toward the hilum. The intensity of opacification of the consolidated areas varied, and they often were not sharply marginated. Dorsal displacement of the pulmonary arteries was noted in the region of the radiopacity in seven horses. Varying volumes of pleural effusion were observed in nine horses. Serial radiographic examinations were performed in seven horses. The pulmonary radiopacities cleared within ten days in two horses. In the remaining five horses, gradual resolution, characterized by a reduction in lesion size with improved margination, occurred during several months. The central region of the radiopaque lesion commonly had a patchy appearance, suggesting cavitation. Normal pulmonary vascular and interstitial markings were evident following complete resolution of these lesions. The cause of these abnormal pulmonary opacities has not been determined. Pathologic-radiologic correlations will be required to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of EIPH in the racing horse.
The Quality of Depression in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder

Abstract Objective The quality of depression in borderline adolescent girls was compared with the quality of depression in depressed, nonborderline girls. Psychoanalytic theories led us to expect signs of anaclitic depression in borderlines as well as a depressive sense of being "all bad.‘' Method Quality of depression was examined by means of Rorschach content analysis and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ). Borderline girls were expected to show greater Rorschach imagery pertaining to oral dependency and oral aggression than would depressed, nonborderline control girls. The borderline diagnosis was based on the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines. DSM-III-R criteria were used to diagnose depression. Subjects were psychiatric inpatients, ages 14 to 18 years. Results As expected, it was found that borderline girls scored significantly higher than did controls on Rorschach scales of oral dependency; borderlines scored significantly higher on DEQ factors of dependency and self-criticism. Significant DEQ items reflected the borderlines' abandonment fears. Conclusions This study provides empirical support for anaclitic depression in borderline adolescents, and suggests the presence of underlying fears in borderlines of being fundamentally evil or bad. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1993, 32, 6:1172–1177.
Effect of salts on C-phycocyanin

Abstract The effect of a number of inorganic anions on the quaternary structure of C-phycocyanin has been investigated by fluorescence polarization. Dissociation to monomer occurred in the order: SCN− > ClO4− > NO3− > Br− > Cl−. These results suggest that hydrophobic interactions are important in the hexamer-monomer equilibrium of C-phycocyanin.
A Technique For Removing Second-Order Light Effects From Hyperspectral Imaging Data

The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) instrument currently on board the International Space Station is a new sensor designed specifically for the studies of turbid coastal waters and large inland lakes and rivers. It covers the wavelength range between 0.4 and 0.9 μm with a spectral resolution of 5.7 nm and a spatial resolution of approximately 90 m. The HICO sensor is not equipped with a second-order blocking filter in front of the focal plane array. As a result, the second-order light from the shorter visible spectral region falls onto the detectors covering the near-IR spectral region above 0.8 μm. In order to have accurate radiometric calibration of the near-IR channels, the second-order light contribution needs to be removed. The water-leaving radiances of these near-IR channels over clear ocean waters are close to zero because of strong liquid water absorption above 0.8 μm. Through analysis of HICO imaging data containing features of shallow underwater objects, such as coral reefs, we have developed an empirical technique to correct for the second-order light effects in near-IR channels. HICO data acquired over Midway Island in the Pacific Ocean and the Bahamas Banks in the Atlantic Ocean are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new technique.
Swearing by Peers in the Work Setting: Expectancy Violation Valence, Perceptions of Message, and Perceptions of Speaker

Swearing is a frequent language form in a number of contexts, including the work setting. This investigation extends research on expectancy violations theory as an explanation for how people perceive swearing by examining violation valence. Study 1 concludes that violation valence is positively related to perceptions of message appropriateness and effectiveness and to perceptions of the speaker. Study 2 replicates these findings using a national sample. These results provide support for the role of expectancy violations in swearing and show that swearing is not always perceived as negative in work settings.
A framework for synthesis and verification of analog systems

In this paper we present a framework for synthesis and verification of analog systems. The famework is composed of a synthesis module and a verification module. Synthesis is in the form of architectural synthesis from behavioral specifications, and verification in the form of behavioral simulation of the synthesized architectures. The synthesis and verification techniques are implemented in an object-oriented paradigm, using anopen systems approach which enables customizing the target CAD framework. An Architecture Specification Language (ASL) is defined using the C++ programming language constructs. The integrated synthesis-verification framework provides for design space exploration enabling trade-offs in architectural as well as circuit technology characteristics. This paper focuses on the framework and implementation aspects of the architectural synthesis and verification methodology.
ICCAD-2014 CAD contest in simultaneous CNF encoder optimization with SAT solver setting selection and benchmark suite

Efficiently solving numerous relevant circuit satisfiability (CircuitSAT) problems becomes a crucial industrial topic as the design scale expands. In this topic, we are especially interested in: how to select the best setting of the Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solver based on sample problems, and what is the most useful conjunctive normal form (CNF) encoding for some particular designs and particular applications. From practical experience, the run time yielded by solving SAT problems using the default setting is far from best run time; same is true for CNF encoding. In this contest, we ask the participants to design the algorithm for exploring the best setting based on some sample cases, and we determine the contest winners by evaluating the run time for solving the remaining problems. The benchmark suites are extracted from the real designs in our applications of interest. We look forward to triggering the academic area in further investigating this problem.
Condylar Growth in Rhesus Monkeys

Growth of the mandibular condyle was studied in four rhesus monkeys of different ages. Indexes of 3H-thymidine labeling indicated high premitotic activity, which decreased with age, in the interniediate zone of cartilage and the zone of erosion and bone formation. Premitotic uptake in the articular zone was independent of age.
Safety and efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain: a 20-year literature review.

Object. The purpose of this report was to examine the available literature to determine the safety and efficacy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for the treatment of chronic pain of the trunk and limbs. Methods. The author identified 68 studies that fulfilled the efficacy inclusion/exclusion criteria, grouped on the basis of pain indication, with an overall population of 3679 patients. Fifty-one studies fulfilled all safety inclusion/exclusion criteria. Based on the literature review, the author found that SCS had a positive, symptomatic, long-term effect in cases of refractory angina pain, severe ischemic limb pain secondary to peripheral vascular disease, peripheral neuropathic pain, and chronic low-back pain, and that, in general, SCS was a safe and effective treatment for a variety of chronic neuropathic conditions. Conclusions. Despite the positive findings, there is an urgent need for randomized, controlled, long-term studies on the efficacy of SCS involving larger patient sample sizes.
Accelerated work‐schedule design considering efficiency losses for overtime and overmanning

Construction projects frequently need to use overtime and overmanning to get work done on time. Overtime and overmanning often appear concurrently, especially when acceleration has been ordered. However, the calculation of the number of workers required for overtime and overmanning is often left to the experience and judgment of the foreman or superintendent. Whereas the overtime and overmanning estimate of superintendents and foremen is sometimes correct, it is sometimes incorrect also. The reason is that factors such as efficiency loss are not taken into account in an objective manner. More pertinently, calculations for efficiency loss are often not normally performed on job sites when overtime and overmanning must be designed. When we really delve deeply into the problem, we see that calculation of overtime with overmanning is a lengthy process involving iterations. Using a sample problem, this paper demonstrates how overtime and overmanning should be objectively and correctly designed using standard charts prevalent in the industry.
Solving problems with randomized clinical trials is not enough to improve psychotherapy outcome: comments on Krause

The problems noted by Krause (see record 2011-19228-002) with regards to interpreting evidence from randomized clinical trials are discussed. It is suggested that some of these problems have already been addressed and improvements made by some researchers, mainly examining the changes made by every patient in the treatment groups through the use of clinically significant change. It is suggested that regardless of the evidence-behind treatments, maximal patient outcome can best be obtained through formally monitoring patient treatment response in real time, session-by-session.
Electronic colon cleansing using segmentation rays for virtual colonoscopy

We present an electronic colon cleansing algorithm using a new segmentation technique based on segmentation rays. These rays are specially designed to analyze the intensity profile as they traverse through the dataset. When this intensity profile matches any of the pre-defined profiles, the rays perform certain task of reconstruction. We use these rays to detect the intersection between air and residual fluid, and between residual fluid and soft-tissue. One of the most important advantages of segmentation rays over other segmentation techniques is the detection of partial volume regions. Segmentation rays can accurately detect partial volume regions and remove them if needed. Once partial volume is eliminated, removal of other unwanted regions (e.g., tagged fluid) is relatively easy. This approach to electronic cleansing is extremely fast as it requires minimal computation.
Defective central tolerance induction in NOD mice: genomics and genetics.

Summary The genetic determinism of type-1 diabetes in NOD mice likely involves complementary defects in central T cell tolerance induction and peripheral immunoregulation. To study the contribution of the NOD genetic background to central tolerance, we followed the behavior of BDC2.5 clonotype thymocytes in fetal thymic organ cultures (FTOC). The NOD genetic background encodes a quantitative deficiency in the ability to delete these self-reactive thymocytes and to divert them to the CD8αα lineage. In genetic analyses, comparing NOD and B6. H2 g7 FTOCs, the NOD defect incorporated the influence of several loci (notably ones on chr1 and 3 ). Microarray analyses assessing FTOCs from the same two strains argued that the NOD abnormality reflects the combined effects of turning down the gene expression program that provokes apoptosis and turning on a new program promoting cell survival. Intersection of the data from the two approaches points to a small set of attractive candidate genes.
Thermal microdevices for biological and biomedical applications

Abstract Temperature strongly influences the form and function of biologically important macromolecules and cells. Advances in microfabrication technology have enabled highly localized and accurate temperature control and manipulation, allowing the investigation of thermal effects on biological microsystems. This paper reviews progress in this field, with emphasis on techniques and microdevices with biomedical applications. Recent advances in the study of thermal effects on cellular behavior, enabled by MEMS-based structures are reported. These studies focus on investigating thermal interactions between the cell and its microenvironment. Thermal-based tools for concentration and purification of biologically important macromolecules like DNA and proteins are summarized. These tools address common issues in protein/DNA research, like concentration, separation and purification of samples. With the increasing research focus on the integration of biomedicine with engineering technologies and the several incentives of miniaturization, MEMS-based devices are likely to become increasingly prevalent in biology and medicine. Thermal engineering is expected to continue to play an important role in the improvement of current microdevices and the development of new ones.
Contingent-Fee Lawyers and Their Clients: Settlement Expectations, Settlement Realities, and Issues of Control in the Lawyer-Client Relationship

One hallmark of Herb Jacob's analyses of criminal courts—extensive consideration of the interaction among actors–was less pronounced in his work on civil justice, which was more focused on institutions and the politics behind the laws that those institutions administered. In the research I report here, my emphasis is squarely on the actors in the civil justice process: the relationship between contingency-fee lawyers and clients, and how that relationship plays out in the settlement process. In Felony Justice, Herb, and his coauthor James Eisenstein, focus on the courtroom workgroup as a case-processing (and, largely, case-settling) machine; clients are relatively peripheral. In my account, clients, both current and future, are extremely important in how the lawyer works to settle cases. In the criminal court workgroup, lawyers do not worry about where future clients will come from because police secure them. In contrast, the contingency-fee lawyer has constant concerns about future clients, and I argue, this concern provides a control over lawyers that prior analyses of the contingency fee have largely missed. This dynamic also may explain why the courtroom workgroups, or court communities, found in the criminal courts do not appear to exist in the civil justice system.
Why Do Nursing Homes Close? An Analysis of Newspaper Articles

Using Non-numerical Unstructured Data Indexing Searching and Theorizing (NUD'IST) software to extract and examine keywords from text, the authors explored the phenomenon of nursing home closure through an analysis of 30 major-market newspapers over a period of 66 months (January 1, 1999 to June 1, 2005). Newspaper articles typically represent a careful analysis of staff impressions via interviews, managerial perspectives, and financial records review. There is a current reliance on the synthesis of information from large regulatory databases such as the Online Survey Certification And Reporting database, the California Office of Statewide Healthcare Planning and Development database, and Area Resource Files. Although such databases permit the construction of studies capable of revealing some reasons for nursing home closure, they are hampered by the confines of the data entered. Using our analysis of newspaper articles, the authors are able to add further to their understanding of nursing home closures.
IMAGE-INTENSIFICATION FLUOROSIALOGRAPHY.

Abstract Image-intensification fluorosialography is a more satisfactory method than those previously used for making a detailed radiographic examination of the salivary structures. Direct control of the procedure is possible. The method should be used routinely in sialographic examination.
Coulomb effects between electrons in quantum box structures

The effects of the Coulomb repulsion between electrons in single and multiple, vertically stacked quantum boxes are studied. We model the single electron states in quantum boxes as two-dimensional harmonic oscillator states and construct two-electron wavefunctions by the configuration interaction technique. Strong correlation effects determine the electronic structure of two electrons in a single quantum box. Based on the ground state two-electron wavefunction a variational trial function is constructed to examine the interaction effects between electrons in two, three, four, and N vertically stacked quantum boxes, each populated by a single electron. It is shown that the electron-electron interaction can lead to interesting polarization effects in multiple quantum boxes, if the relative strengths of the Coulomb interaction and the electron confining interaction are not too small. Numerical results based on GaAs materials parameters are presented.
Synthesis of AlNSiC composites and solid solutions by field-activated self-propagating combustion

Abstract The synthesis of AlN-SiC composites and solid solutions was achieved through the imposition of an electric field in self-propagating high-temperature reactions. Despite its highly exothermic nature, the reaction Si 3 N 4 + 4Al + 3C = 4AlN + 3 SiC is not self-sustaining without the imposition of a threshold field (E) of 8 Vcm − 1 . At higher fields, the nature of the product depended on the value of the field. At E = 8 and 16.5 V cm − 1 , the product is a composite of AlN-rich and SiC-rich phases. The extent of solubility of each phase into the other increased with increasing field. When E = 25.0 V cm − 1 , the product is a solid solution with the 2H structure. The degree of randomness of the solution increased with a further increase in the value of the imposed field. Compositional analyses of the product phases are in reasonable agreement with the reported tentative phase diagram for AlN and SiC. The work demonstrates the use of an electric field as a processing parameter in self-sustaining combustion synthesis of nitride composites and solid solutions.
A semiconductor bio-electrical platform with addressable thermal control circuits for accelerated bioassay development

A 0.18µm SOI-CMOS bioelectrical sensing technology is introduced. An SOC chip integrates biosensor pixel arrays, controllers and amplifiers is used to demonstrate the performance of this technology. The pixel size in the pixel arrays is 10µm × 10µm, including biosensor, temperature sensor and heaters. The chip demonstrates detections of hydrogen ion concentration, enzymatic reactions and DNA hybridization with PCR. Experimental results show close to Nernst limit of 59mV/pH in ion concentration detection, sub-millimolar resolutions with 99.9% linearity in urea, and 400mV surface potential change in DNA hybridization. The SOC chip has an addressable temperature control for each pixel with embedded thermal sensors. A thermal time constant of 35msec/K and sub-degree localized temperature control are achieved. Order of magnitude improvements over previously reported are seen in both detectable minimum sample liquid volume and thermal time constant for PCR. This is a good demonstration of semiconductor technology for multi-biomarkers detection for medical applications.
The scientific name of narrow-leaf trefoil

The narrow-leaf trefoil is a widely used forage plant in temperate and subtemperate areas. It is the object of extensive improvement programs and research, which has generated a large body of literature. A few decades ago it was discovered that its traditional scientific name, Lotus tennis Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., had to be superseded by an older name, L. glaber Mill. It was then proposed to permanently reject the name L. glaber, thus allowing L. tenuis to continue in use for the narrow-leaf trefoil. The rejection proposal for the name L. glaber was finally accepted by the 17th International Botanical Congress (IBC) in July 2005, so L. tenuis is now the scientific name for the narrow-leaf trefoil.
Finding aliases on the web using latent semantic analysis

A common problem faced when gathering information from the web is the use of different names to refer to the same entity. For example, the city in India referred to as Bombay in some documents may be referred to as Mumbai in others because its name officially changed from the former to the latter in 1995. Multiplicity of names can cause relevant documents to be missed by search engines. Our goal is to develop an automated system that discovers additional names for an entity given just one of its names. Latent semantic analysis (LSA) is generally thought to be well-suited for this task [Numerical linear algebra with applications 3(4) (1996) 301]. We demonstrate empirically that under a broad range of circumstances LSA performs poorly, and describe a two-stage algorithm based on LSA that performs significantly better.
Elevated picture completion scores: a possible indicator of hypervigilance in maltreated preschoolers

Abstract Objective: The Picture Completion subtest of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence-Revised (WPPSI-R) measures visual alertness and the ability to differentiate essential from nonessential details. In children who are hypervigilant as a result of maltreatment, these skills may be over-functioning. It was hypothesized that the Picture Completion subtest scores of these children would be significantly elevated in comparison to their other nonverbal scores and their overall intellectual functioning. Method: Fourteen children from a therapeutic day treatment preschool program for maltreated children were administered the WPPSI-R. Standardized discrepancy scores between Picture Completion scores and Performance mean scores (PC-Performance Discrepancy) and the mean of all subscale scores (PC-Overall IQ Discrepancy) were formed and then analyzed. Results: The abused preschoolers scored significantly lower than the population mean on four of the five WPPSI-R Performance subscales. Only on Picture Completion did they score significantly higher. Average PC-Performance Discrepancy and PC-Overall IQ Discrepancy scores were greater than one, indicating that the mean difference of children’s Picture Completion score from either their Performance mean score or all of their mean scores was more than one standard deviation. Conclusion: Elevated Picture Completion score may serve as a marker for hypervigilance and/or PTSD in children with histories of maltreatment.
Preliminary Evidence That Hippocampal Volumes in Monkeys Predict Stress Levels of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Background Hippocampal volumes previously determined in monkeys by magnetic resonance imaging are used to test the hypothesis that small hippocampi predict increased stress levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Methods Plasma ACTH levels were measured after restraint stress in 19 male monkeys pretreated with saline or hydrocortisone. Monkeys were then randomized to an undisturbed control condition or intermittent social separations followed by new pair formations. After 17 months of exposure to the intermittent social manipulations, restraint stress tests were repeated to determine test/retest correlations. Results Individual differences in postrestraint stress ACTH levels over the 17-month test/retest interval were remarkably consistent for the saline ( r s = .82, p = .0004) and hydrocortisone ( r s = .78, p = .001) pretreatments. Social manipulations did not affect postrestraint stress ACTH levels, but monkeys with smaller hippocampal volumes responded to restraint after saline pretreatment with greater increases in ACTH levels with total brain volume variation controlled as a statistical covariate ( β = −.58, p = .031). Monkeys with smaller hippocampal volumes also responded with diminished sensitivity to glucocorticoid feedback determined by greater postrestraint ACTH levels after pretreatment with hydrocortisone ( β = −.68, p = .010). Conclusions These findings support clinical reports that small hippocampi may be a risk factor for impaired regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in humans with stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Plasma apoprotein and lipoprotein lipid levels in vegetarians.

Abstract Low-fat, low-cholesterol, high-P:S-ratio diets greatly affect plasma lipid levels. There is no information as to whether such diets affect only lipoprotein levels or also levels of apoproteins and lipoprotein compositions. It is important to have information on the latter to understand diet-induced changes in the metabolism of lipoproteins. Since vegetarians regularly eat an extremely low-cholesterol, low-fat, and-high-P:S ratio diet, they represent an ideal group to study. Fifty-eight vegetarians who eat no animal products and live on a farm commune were examined. Venous bloods were drawn after 12–14 hr fasts and analyzed for lipoprotein-lipids by Lipid Research Clinic procedures and for apoA-I and apoB by radioimmunoassay. Their normal dietary intake was evaluated with 24-hr food diaries. They averaged 2200 kcal/day with 17% protein, 32% fat, and 51% carbohydrate. Negligible amounts of cholesterol (
Human follitropin receptor (FSHR) interacts with the adapter protein 14-3-3τ

The human follitropin (follicle stimulating hormone, FSH) receptor (FSHR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). To identify cytoplasmic proteins that may regulate FSHR function, a yeast-based interaction trap was performed. A linked construct of the first and second intracellular loops (iL1-iL2 bait) of FSHR was used as bait and a human ovarian cDNA library was used as prey. Among the proteins identified that interacted with the bait was 14-3-3tau, a member of a family of homodimeric cytoplasmic adapter proteins. Human granulosa cells, the site of FSHR expression in the ovary, were found to contain 14-3-3tau. Importantly, 14-3-3tau co-immunoprecipitated with FSHR stably expressed in HEK 293 cells. Its association with FSHR was follitropin-dependent. Over-expression of 14-3-3tau resulted in a modest decrease of follitropin-induced cAMP accumulation. Collectively, these data support a role for 14-3-3tau in follitropin action. The finding that 14-3-3tau interacts with FSHR is novel and should lead to new insights into the regulation of GPCR in general and FSHR specifically.
Familial X‐linked mental retardation with a marker X chromosome and its relationship to macro‐orchidism

It has been suggested that the form of X-linked mental retardation with macro-orchidism and the form associated with a marker X chromosome (fragile site at Xq27 or 28) are the same entity. Although our data support this hypothesis, one family from the literature does not. Data are presented suggesting that actual measurements are required for accurate evaluation of testicular size.
Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis of Baseball Pitching in Acceleration Phase:

To examine the relationships of pitching performance to maximum external rotation of the shoulder and to time in the acceleration phase, 3 male baseball pitchers were tested using three-dimensional cinematography. Analysis indicated that increasing maximum external rotation of the shoulder at the very beginning of the acceleration phase would help to generate a higher pitching ball velocity since a greater linear and angular displacement could be used to accelerate the throwing forearm. Slowing the wrist action just before ball-release may be a key technique to increasing pitching velocity of the ball.
Phenylsulfonyl as a directing group for nitrile oxide cycloadditions and mCPBA epoxidations

Abstract An unexpected selectivity trend in the nitrile oxide cycloaddition and epoxidation reactions of 4,4-disubstituted cyclopentenes is reported. A variety of facially distinct, ‘X-’ and ‘Y-substituted’ cyclopentenes were investigated.
EXAFS evidence of carbon monoxide-induced growth of Pd particles encaged in zeolite Y

Abstract EXAFS data of Pd in zeolite NaY show that after calcination at 500°C and reduction at 350°C small Pd clusters are formed in the supercages of the zeolite with a compressed PdPd distance of 2.68 A and an average coordination number of CN = 4, corresponding to nuclearity of 6 Pd atoms. Adsorption of CO results in a significantly increased cluster size and a relaxed PdPd distance of 2.70 A. The average coordination number of Pd (CN = 6) is consistent with Pd clusters of 13 atoms which are confined in the supercages by the dimension of the windows. The enhanced rate of coalescence due to CO indicates that CO adsorption weakens not only PdPd bonds in the cluster, but also the interaction of the cluster with the zeolite. However, no Pd cluster disintegration by CO adsorption is observed.
Efficacy of Rich Vocabulary Instruction in Fourth- and Fifth-Grade Classrooms.

A multi-cohort cluster randomized trial was conducted to estimate effects of rich vocabulary classroom instruction on vocabulary and reading comprehension. A total of 1,232 fourth- and fifth-grade students from 61 classrooms in 24 schools completed the study. Students received instruction in 140 Tier Two vocabulary words featured in two grade-level novels. Teachers were randomly assigned to either rich vocabulary (treatment) or to business as usual (control). Teachers in the treatment condition allotted 30 minutes per day to the intervention for 14 weeks. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed positive, significant treatment effects on distal and proximal measures of vocabulary and comprehension. However, average distal treatment effects were small (approximate d =.15) compared with proximal effects (approximate d = 1.24). Observations of teachers’ language arts instruction indicated that treatment teachers spent significantly more time on vocabulary and less time on comprehension instruction than did teac...
Instrumental monitoring and nondestructive evaluation of highway bridges

On-line, continuous monitoring technologies of a rigorous and objective nature are sought to quantitatively identify and evaluate the condition or health of highway structures over their useful lifetime. A global bridge evaluation methodology is under development based upon the structural identification concept, employing modal testing, truckload testing, and instrumented monitoring as its principal experimental tools. Test results are transformed to either modal flexibility or the unit influence line, which have been demonstrated to be conceptual, quantitative, comprehensive, and damage-sensitive signatures. Four test sites were tested, monitored, and studied in order to classify their similar bride-type-specific behavior mechanisms and to validate the performance of the implemented methodology. Practical, type-specific procedures for instrumented monitoring and nondestructive evaluation can then be developed for the whole group or type of highway bridges.
Chemical Abundances of the Accreting Magnetic White Dwarf in the Polar AM Herculis

We consider the presence of absorption lines due to accreted metals in the photosphere of the magnetic (28 MG) white dwarf in the prototype polar AM Herculis. We have applied the Massa-Fitzpatrick flux-calibration correction to the archival IUE NEWSIPS SWP spectra of AM Her obtained during the optical low states, when the accretion rate is very low and emission due to thermal bremsstrahlung and cyclotron processes is essentially absent. We have examined low-state spectra at UV maximum (phase ~ 0.6: main accreting pole most directly exposed to the observer) and UV minimum (phase ~ 0.1: line of sight perpendicular to the magnetic field). We have used the model atmosphere codes TLUSTY, SYNSPEC, and ROTIN to determine the surface temperature of the white dwarf at each UV phase during quiescence and the chemical abundance of detected metal species. We find that the abundances of metals in the photosphere of the accreting magnetic degenerate in AM Her range between 0.05 and 0.001 times solar. To our knowledge, these are the first photospheric metal abundances to be determined for any accreting magnetic white dwarf in a magnetic cataclysmic variable. Our preliminary results indicate that (1) there is no correlation between the time since the last high state and either the surface temperature or the chemical abundance and (2) the metal abundances do not appear to be significantly different between spectra obtained at UV maximum and UV minimum. This implies that, based upon the limited sample of spectra presented here, the abundance of metals may be similar across the stellar surface. This would result if sideways diffusion and spreading of material from the small polar-cap accretion regions had occurred.
Blockade of vasoconstrictor responses by prostacyclin (PGI2), PGE2, and PGE1 in the rabbit hindquarters vascular bed.

Abstract The effects of infusions of prostacyclin (PGI 2 ), PGE 2 and PGE 1 on responses to pressor hormones and sympathetic nerve stimulation were investigated in the hindquarters vascular bed of the rabbit. During infusions of PGI 2 , PGE 2 and PGE 1 vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine, nerve stimulation and angioteAsin II were decreased. Responses to the pressor hormones and nerve stimulation were decreased to a similar extent by PGI 2 and responses returned to control value 30 min after the infusion. During infusions of PGE 2 and PGE 1 responses to nerve stimulation were decreased to a somewhat greater extent than responses to pressor hormones and the inhibitory action of these substances had a longer duration of action than PGI 2 . Indomethacin in doses that blocked depressor responses to arachidonic acid was without consistent effect on responses to nerve stimulation and pressor hormones. The present data show that E series prostaglandins and PGI 2 possess the ability to modulate responses to nerve stimulation and pressor hormones; however, experiments with indomethacin suggest that endogenous prostaglandins do not modulate vasoconstrictor responses in the rabbit hindquarters.
On the stability of nonlinear circumferential waves in a spinning rectilinearly orthotropic disk

Abstract A system of two coupled nonlinear differential equations of the second and fourth order, respectively, governing motions of a rotating membrane-like disk, made of a rectilinearly orthotropic material, is analyzed after assuming a particular form for the transverse deflections. The characteristic equation connecting the speed of propagation and the amplitude of circumferential waves is derived and discussed with respect to three classes of anisotropy. By imposing temporal perturbations on the deflections, two ordinary coupled differential equations with variable coefficients, for the perturbation prameters, are obtained. The equations become decoupled by means of a “rotational” transformation of the dependent variables. The closed form solution of the equations is found. Conditions for wave stability involving the coefficients of anisotropy are determined and illustrated graphically for the three anisotropic classes considered.
A Client Satisfaction Scale Suitable for Use with Hispanics

Data from a large-scale survey of community health center clients were analyzed to assess how a measure of client satisfaction operates when used with different ethnic populations. The eight-item v...