cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of phospho- and dephospho-ATP citrate lyase

Abstract The dephospho- form of rat liver citrate lyase has been prepared by treating purified [32P]-ATP citrate lyase with a partially purified phosphatase. A comparison of the properties of the phospho- and dephosphoenzyme has been performed. The pH optima were the same for both forms of the enzyme in four different buffer systems although the optimum values varied identically for both enzyme forms with the buffer. Both the phospho- and dephosphoenzymes show the same kinetic properties except for the Km observed for ATP in 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid buffer system where it was 54 μ m for the phosphoenzyme and 292 μ m for the dephosphoenzyme. The present study also indicates that both enzymes are cleaved by trypsin and lysosomal proteases in a similar manner. Both forms of the enzyme tend to associate with mitochondria to the same extent and both enzymes have identical temperature stability curves.
Factor Analysis of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children with a Sample of Seventh- and Eighth-Grade Students

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC; Spielberger, 1973) was administered to 541 seventh- and eighth-grade students in regular classes in urban and suburban schools in a mid-western state. The STAIC was administered to the children prior to their completing a novel nonverbal task. The items were scored according to the directions in the manual and subjected to a principal components factor analysis with oblique and varimax rotation. Using the scree test, the oblique rotation produced the best simple structure of three factors, and there were no significant differences in factor structure by sex. The results were consistent with prior research and indicated a stable trait factor that closely matched the original A-Trait scale and two state factors. These factors were identified as “state unhappiness” and “state distress” and were compared to previous research that labeled the two factors as “anxiety-present” and “anxiety-absent.” There was a nonlinear relationship between these two factors...
Mechanism of toxicity of pesticides acting at complex I: relevance to environmental etiologies of Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and pesticide exposure. The pesticide rotenone (ROT) inhibits complex I and reproduces features of PD in animal models, suggesting that environmental agents that inhibit complex I may contribute to PD. We have previously demonstrated that ROT toxicity is dependent upon complex I inhibition and that oxidative stress is the primary mechanism of toxicity. In this study, we examined the in vitro toxicity and mechanism of action of several putative complex I inhibitors that are commonly used as pesticides. The rank order of toxicity of pesticides to neuroblastoma cells was pyridaben > rotenone > fenpyroximate > fenazaquin > tebunfenpyrad. A similar order of potency was observed for reduction of ATP levels and competition for (3)H-dihydrorotenone (DHR) binding to complex I, with the exception of pyridaben (PYR). Neuroblastoma cells stably expressing the ROT-insensitive NADH dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NDI1) were resistant to these pesticides, demonstrating the requirement of complex I inhibition for toxicity. We further found that PYR was a more potent inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration and caused more oxidative damage than ROT. The oxidative damage could be attenuated by NDI1 or by the antioxidants alpha-tocopherol and coenzyme Q(10). PYR was also highly toxic to midbrain organotypic slices. These data demonstrate that, in addition to ROT, several commercially used pesticides directly inhibit complex I, cause oxidative damage, and suggest that further study is warranted into environmental agents that inhibit complex I for their potential role in PD.
110 GHz GaAs FET oscillator

A W-band GaAs FET oscillator has been demonstrated for the first time. A 75 μm gate width device with sub-half-micrometre (0.2 μm) electron-beam defined gates was used as a common-gate oscillator for operation in the 70 to 110 GHz frequency range. The highest oscillation frequency achieved was 110 GHz.
Stayin’ Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class JeffersonCowie. New York: The New Press, 2010.

Stayin' Alive: The 1 970s and the Last Days of the Working Class Jefferson Cowie. New York: The New Press, 2010. Stayin' Alive is a superb history of the American working class in the 1970s, and author Jefferson Cowie proves he is an excellent historian of labor and politics and an astute critic of popular culture. His observations of how the working class was depicted in popular film and music during the 1970s will be of considerable interest to scholars of American culture. Cowie begins his narrative with the potential for labor unrest as an unprecedented series of strikes swept the nation during the late 1960s. Rank and file desire for change was evident in diverse movements that sought to challenge traditional labor leadership who, during the post-World War II era, had negotiated contracts conceding to management control of the work place. By the early 1970s this left many workers disillusioned and alienated. Cowie's book is essentially a chronicle of how, despite the promise at the beginning of the decade, these reform efforts failed such that by the end of the 1970s the working class in America was in disarray. Cowie points to a number of factors: the opposition of entrenched labor interests, identity politics, the emergence of social issues which some conservative politicians employed to trump economic reform, and a streak of rather extreme individualism. In addition, inflation and recession in the 1970s encouraged politicians to ignore the voices of discontent in favor of economic stability. He examines how the Nixon administration attempted to entice labor support by appealing to worker discontent with social issues and extolling the leadership of AFL-CIO President George Meany, misreading working-class estrangement from the liberal establishment as support for the war rather than as frustration and anxiety about their sons who were being killed in Vietnam. The author complements his astute political analysis with valuable insights into the popular culture of the 1970s. Cowie documents how the Nixon White House invited country musician Merle Haggard to perform, hoping to capitalize on his critique of the counterculture but uncomfortable with his workingclass sensibilities. He argues that the "red neck" image in both film and country music emphasized the rebellious elements of working-class culture at the expense of economic discontent, and thus posed little threat to market capitalism. He examines Robert Altman's film Nashville (1975) for exposing country music's facade of protest even as it was being manipulated by conservative corporate and political interests. …
Adding Silence to Stories: Narrative Therapy and Contemplation

A review of the literature reveals that one particular form of contemplation—mindfulness—has been integrated into cognitive-behavioral therapy. Built upon this background, this article raises the issue of combining contemplation and narrative therapy. It first examines the unique experiences that occur when one enters into silence. Then, it explores the implications of these experiences for narrative therapy. A contemplative-based approach to narrative therapy differs from traditional narrative therapy in that it utilizes: (a) contemplative skills, (b) contemplative and narrative metaphors, (c) modified interventions, and (d) broader views of reality and self. The outcome is an enlarged narrative approaches that possess numerous benefits and possibilities for future treatment models.
Imposex in Australian Conus

Previously unknown in Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) and poorly documented in the Australian region, imposex is demonstrated in 80% of females of six Conus species from Rottnest Island, Western Australia. In no case were the effects sufficiently severe to cause sterility, and reproduction appeared normal. Specimens from the same location preserved in 1975 were unaffected. With more than 500 species, Conus is the largest genus of marine molluscs. Because many species are conspicuous, widely distributed, and occur in populations whose past densities are known, they could serve as monitors of artificially induced pseudohermaphroditism and an early warning of future population responses to pollutants in marine environments at low latitudes.
Influence of Ply Orientation on Delamination in Composite Laminates

An experimental investigation in interlaminar fracture behavior and toughness of multi-directional composite laminates was conducted. ENF-like specimens were used for three-point-bending tests firs...
Characterization of and correction for eddy current artifacts in echo planar diffusion imaging

Magnetic resonance diffusion imaging is potentially an important tool for the noninvasive characterization of normal and pathological tissue. The technique, however, is prone to a number of artifacts that can severely affect its ability to provide clinically useful information. In this study, the problem of eddy current-induced geometric distortions that occur in diffusion images acquired with echo planar sequences was addressed. These geometric distortions produce artifacts in computed maps of diffusion parameters and are caused by misalignments in the individual diffusion-weighted images that comprise the diffusion data set. A new approach is presented to characterize and calibrate the eddy current effects, enabling the eddy current distortions to be corrected in sets of interleaved (or snapshot) echo planar diffusion images. Correction is achieved by acquiring one-dimensional field maps in the read and phase encode direction for each slice and each diffusion step. The method is then demonstrated through the correction of distortions in diffusion images of the human brain. It is shown that by using the eddy current correction scheme outlined, the eddy current-induced artifacts in the diffusion-weighted images are almost completely eliminated. In addition, there is a significant improvement in the quality of the resulting diffusion tensor maps.
Sexual assault history and physical health in randomly selected Los Angeles women

Associations of sexual assault history with multiple measures of physical health were examined among randomly selected women living in Los Angeles (N = 1,610). Sexually assaulted women were more likely than nonassaulted women to report poor health perceptions, functional limitation, several chronic diseases, medically explained somatic symptoms, and medically unexplained somatic symptoms. Sexual assault was associated with increased risk of symptoms in a variety of organ systems rather than solely reproductive or sexual symptoms.
Spare capacity provisioning for quasi-static traffic

Resource provisioning has for long been an important area of research in network design. The traffic grooming problem in optical networks is a design problem of aggregating sub-wavelength traffic demands onto lightpaths and lightpaths onto fiber links such that the required electronic switching capability, hence network cost, can be minimized. Because of the reconfiguration cost in optical grooming networks, a reactive resource provisioning approach may become inefficient, and result in revenue loss. In this paper, we propose an over-provisioning scheme, which pre-allocates the spare capacity of lightpaths to dynamic sub-wavelength traffic demands such that the network can be more agile in responding to traffic increment requests. For the single-link case, we formulate the problem as a non-linear programming problem, and for under reasonable assumptions, we prove the objective function is convex. We provide an exact algorithm to find the optimal solution. The problem with general topologies is then studied. We prove the NP-hardness in this case, and propose heuristics. Numerical results show our heuristics perform well.
Theory of the doped quantum well APD in the GaAs/AlGaAs and GaInAs/AlInAs material systems

Abstract The transport properties of electrons and holes in the doped superlattice avalanche photodiode are analyzed using the ensemble, many particle Monte Carlo technique. The doped superlattice APD consists of repeated unit cells formed from a p-i-N wide band gap layer (Al 0.45 Ga 0.55 As or Al 0.48 In 0.52 As) followed by a near intrinsic narrow gap semiconductor layer (GaAs or Ga 0.47 In 0.53 As) and a near intrinsic wide gap layer (Al 0.45 Ga 0.55 As or Al 0.48 In 0.52 As). Various device structures are analyzed as to their performance in two different applications, lightwave communications and on-chip photodetection.
An adaptive view element framework for multi-dimensional data management

We present an adaptive wavelet view element framework for managing different types of multi-dimensional data in storage and retrieval applications. We consider the problems of multi-dimensional data compression, multi-resolution subregion access, selective materialization, progressive retrieval and similarity searching. The framework uses wavelets to partition the multi-dimensional data into view elements that form the building blocks for synthesizing views of the data. The view elements are organized and managed using different view element graphs. The graphs are used to guide cost-based view element selection algorithms for optimizing compression, access, retrieval and search performance.We present the adaptive wavelet view element framework and describe its application in managing multi-dimensional data such as 1-D time series data, 2-D images, video sequences, and multi-dimensional data cubes. We present experimental results that demonstrate that the adaptive wavelet view element framework improves performance of compressing, accessing, and retrieving multi-dimensional data compared to non-adaptive methods.
Alterations in reproductive tissue prostaglandins E and F, 6-keto- prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 with gestational age in the rat

Prostaglandins (PGs) are thought to have an important function in the initiation and/or propagation of parturition. To define the relationship of individual PGs to one another and compare their alterations with gestational age, PGF, PGE, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6KF) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) were measured in uterine and placental tissue and uterine venous plasma of rats at Days 15, 18, 19, 20, and 21 of pregnancy and at delivery (Day 21 1/2). In addition, concomitant measurements of peripheral plasma estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and progesterone (P) and pituitary oxytocin (OT) content, putative regulators and/or modulators of PG metabolism, were determined. Significant enhancements (P less than 0.05) in uterine 6KF, TxB2, PGF and PGE concentrations (ng/mg DNA) were detected by Day 20 compared to Day 15 of pregnancy and further dramatic increases were found on Day 21 and at delivery. Although uterine 6KF was present in the highest concentrations, PGF showed the greatest increment from Day 15 to delivery. No alterations in uterine venous plasma PGE or PGF concentration were found with gestational age but 6KF and TxB2 showed significant increases at delivery. The placental concentrations of PGs were approximately 1/50 of uterine tissue. Placental PGE and PGF concentrations (ng/mg DNA) increased only slightly at delivery but the augmentation in 6KF and TxB2 levels were of greater magnitude. Significant increases in E2 and E1 with reciprocal decreases in P occurred on Day 21 of pregnancy. In contrast, pituitary OT content showed no alterations at any of the days examined. These results are consonant with the hypothesis that uterine PGs have an important function in parturition and uterine-placental physiology, and suggest that an increasing estrogen/P ratio at the end of pregnancy is related to enhanced uterine PG levels.
Effect of the cerebrospinal fluid sink on sucrose-diffusion gradients in brain.

Abstract The relationship between the measured distribution volume for sucrose in brain and the sink action of CSF was studied in the rabbit by determining the concentration profile of sucrose −14 C in the wall of the lateral cerebral ventricle after vascular or ventricular perfusion (or both). Vascular infusion of sucrose resulted in a mean sucrose space of 5.2% with demonstrable diffusion gradients for sucrose in tissue nearest the brain-CSF interface. It was also observed that increasing the bulk loss of sucrose from the ventricular system, by infusing the ventricles with a solution devoid of sucrose, resulted in a fall of the computed brain sucrose space to 2.54%, with the lowest concentration of sucrose in tissue nearest the ependymal and pial surfaces. When the concentration of sucrose in brain equaled that of CSF, after vascular and ventricular infusion of labeled sucrose, the sucrose space measurement increased to 17.2%. These findings support the contention that the magnitude of the brain extracellular space based on the distribution of sucrose between blood and brain does not accurately reflect the anatomical space when the concentration in brain exceeds that of CSF due to the diffusionary losses between the brain and CSF compartments. Conversely, elimination of the sink action of CSF, by equalizing the solute concentration in brain and CSF, results in a computed sucrose space equal to that of the anatomical space.
High-energy-resolution x-ray detection using multilayered superconducting tunnel junctions

Superconducting tunnel junctions have a potential, statistically limited, energy resolution on the order of eV's. The best results to date, however, have been an order of magnitude worse than this and required operating temperatures on the order of 0.1 K. Niobium based junctions operating at approximately 1 K have shown X-ray detection capabilities, but have only achieved energy resolutions on the order of 100 eV's at best. Several mechanisms, including quasiparticle self trapping, loss of `hot' excitations, quasiparticle recombination, and loss of `cold' excitations, have been proposed to explain the degradation of energy resolution in these devices. We will present a design concept for an X-ray detector, along with recent experimental and computer modeling results, based on a 1D superlattice of superconducting tunnel junctions. This multilayered superconducting tunnel junction design has the potential for alleviating many of the potential resolution degrading mechanisms while operating in the 1 K temperature range. In addition, the possibility of engineering the device to improve the signal to noise ratio of the output and to control the transport of phonons in the structure will be discussed.
Noninvasive breast tumor localization based on ultrawideband microwave backscatter

Abstract—The key to surgical planning for breast conservationis tumor localization. An accurate localization of the breast tumoris essential to guide the surgeon to the lesion, and ensure itscorrect and adequate removal with satisfactory excision margins.Current breast tumor localization techniques are invasive andoften result in a cosmetic disﬁgurement. In this paper, we use theultrawide band radar-based microwave breast imaging techniqueto non-invasively localize (impalpable) tumors in the breast. Weconsider four clinically important lesion features: location, size,depth and spatial orientation within the breast. A comparisonof the energy of the received signal from healthy and cancerousbreasts exhibits some signiﬁcant differences in some frequencybands. We, therefore, use the energy spectrum of the receivingantenna signal decomposed by wavelet transform as the inputto a genetic neural network (GNN) classiﬁer. Furthermore, forimproved efﬁciency, we optimize the structure of the GNN foroptimum initial weights and number of hidden nodes. We useCST Microwave Studio to simulate benign and malignant breastconditions, and generate a data set of 1024 cancer cases withvarious tumor location, size, depth and spatial orientation withinthe breast. Our results show that the proposed algorithm givesaccurate localization of the breast lesion, and possesses a highsensitivity to small tumor sizes. Additionally, it can accuratelydetect and classify multiple tumors.Index Terms—Breast cancer localization, radar-based mi-crowave breast imaging, wavelet decomposition, genetic algo-rithm, neural networks.
CRIPak, a novel endogenous Pak1 inhibitor

p21-activated protein kinase 1 (Pak1) plays an important role in several cellular processes, including cytoskeleton reorganization, promotion of the cell survival, and the estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. Pak1 expression and activity is deregulated in a number of cancers. Pak1 is activated by a variety of physiological signals; however, less is known about the negative regulators of Pak1. Here, we report a negative regulator of Pak1. By performing a yeast two-hybrid screen of a mammary gland library, we identified cysteine-rich inhibitor of Pak1 (CRIPak) as a novel Pak1-interacting protein. We found that CRIPak is an intronless gene that localized to chromosome 4p16.3. It contains 13 zinc-finger domains and has three trypsin inhibitor-like, cysteine-rich domains and is widely expressed in a number of human cells and tissues. We further found that CRIPak interacted with Pak1 through the N-terminal regulatory domain and inhibited Pak1 kinase in both in vitro and in vivo assays. CRIPak inhibited Pak1-mediated LIM kinase activation and enhancement of ER transactivation. Conversely, selective inhibition of the endogenous CRIPak resulted in an increased Pak1 activity, and consequently, increased cytoskeleton remodeling and Pak1-mediated ER transactivation activity. The hormonal stimulation of cells enhanced CRIPak expression and promoted its colocalization with ER in the nuclear compartment. Our findings suggest that CRIPak is a novel negative regulator of the Pak1 and has a role in the modulation of Pak1-mediated ER transactivation in breast cancer cells.
Investigation on Soil–Water Characteristic Curves of Untreated and Stabilized Highly Clayey Expansive Soils

The examination of hydromechanical behavior of expansive soil lies mostly within the unsaturated soil mechanics framework, which renders the study of its soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) a necessity. This paper evaluates the correlations of two physicochemical properties, pH and surface conductance, with the behavior of the SWCCs of four natural expansive soils and four stabilized soils. The effects of chemical stabilization and curing time on the SWCCs are also analyzed. The SWCCs and the corresponding parameters were obtained from pressure plate tests and a fitting model. It was found that pH and surface conductance together showed a good correlation with the air-entry related parameter, α, because they determine the formation of the diffuse double layer around fine particles or aggregates. The macroscopic behavior, in terms of unconfined compressive strength, free swell and swell pressure at optimum moisture content (OMC), was also evaluated and good correlations of these property values with the matric suction values at OMC were observed for the four natural untreated soils, while no correlation existed for the stabilized soils. The results and the discussion provide new insight to address physicochemical mechanisms that determine the macroscopic behavior of expansive soil.
The preparation, isolation and properties of tris(8-quinolinolato-N1,O8)ruthenium(III)

Abstract The synthesis, isolation, and electronic properties of tris-(8-quinolinolato-N 1 O 8 )ruthenium(III) are described. Elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, IR and optical spectroscopies were used to establish the identity of the complex, which was found to exist in the expected low spin arrangement. The significance of these results in relation to analytical procedures based on the reaction between ruthenium and 8-quinolinol is discussed.
Accuracy, robustness and efficiency comparison in iterative computation of convection diffusion equation with boundary layers

Nine-point fourth-order compact finite difference scheme, central difference scheme, and upwind difference scheme are compared for solving the two-dimensional convection diffusion equations with boundary layers. The domain is discretized with a stretched nonuniform grid. A grid transformation technique maps the nonuniform grid to a uniform one, on which the difference schemes are applied. A multigrid method and a multilevel preconditioning technique are used to solve the resulting sparse linear systems. We compare the accuracy of the computed solutions from different discretization schemes, and demonstrate the relative efficiency of each scheme. Comparisons of maximum absolute errors, iteration counts, CPU timings, and memory cost are made with respect to the two solution strategies. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 16: 379–394, 2000
Generalized model structure for evaluating/designing manual material handling jobs

A large percentage of industrial injuries are the result of performing manual materials handling (MMH) activities. Sometimes these injuries are due to inappropriate work practices, but very often due to the task demands. Such injuries, many of which are musculoskeletal, and the associated costs—workdays lost, reduced efficiency, compensation, etc.—have long been a concern to ergonomists. In this paper a procedure to evaluate and design MMH jobs is described. The generalized model structure utilizes the psychophysical approach. Data available in the published literature were used to develop models for determining work rates for the upper 90% of men and women in industry. Based upon the actual time duration, the model structure either evaluates a material handling job or provides guidelines for designing it. Two examples are solved to demonstrate the methodology.
Dramatic Resolution of Pleural Effusion in Children with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Following Short-course High-dose Methylprednisolone

High-dose methylprednisolone (HDMP) which can induce—differentiation and -apoptosis of myeloid leukemic cells has been shown to be very effective in the treatment of extramedullary infiltration (EMI) of children with acute myeloblasts leukemia (AML). In the present study 2 children with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) who had pleural effusions were given a single daily dose of oral methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg). In addition to dramatic improvement of respiratory symptoms, pleural effusions disappeared in four days in both patients possibly due to apoptotic cell death induced by HDMP treatment. Further studies are needed to determine whether high-dose corticosteroids are also effective on the resolution of pleural effusions associated with other malignant disease.
Uteroglobin (UG) Suppresses Extracellular Matrix Invasion by Normal and Cancer Cells That Express the High Affinity UG-binding Proteins

Uteroglobin (UG) is a steroid-inducible, multifunctional, secreted protein with antiinflammatory and antichemotactic properties. Recently, we have reported a high affinity UG-binding protein (putative receptor), on several cell types, with an apparent molecular mass of 190 kDa (Kundu, G. C., Mantile, G., Miele, L., Cordella-Miele, E., and Mukherjee, A. B. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93, 2915-2919). Since UG is a homodimer in which the 70 amino acid subunits are connected by two disulfide bonds, we sought to determine whether UG monomers also interact with the 190-kDa UG-binding protein and if so, whether it has the same biological activity as the dimer. Surprisingly, we discovered that in addition to the 190-kDa species, another protein, with an apparent molecular mass of 49 kDa, binds reduced UG with high affinity and specificity. Both 49- and 190-kDa proteins are readily detectable on nontransformed NIH 3T3 and some murine cancer cells (e. g. mastocytoma, sarcoma, and lymphoma), while lacking on others (e.g. fibrosarcoma). Most interestingly, pretreatment of the cells, which express the binding proteins, with reduced UG dramatically suppresses extracellular matrix (ECM) invasion, when such treatment had no effect on fibrosarcoma cells that lack the UG-binding proteins. Tissue-specific expression studies confirmed that while both 190- and 49-kDa UG-binding proteins are present in bovine heart, spleen, and the liver, only the 190-kDa protein is detectable in the trachea and in the lung. Neither the 190-kDa nor the 49-kDa protein was detectable in the aorta. Purification of these binding proteins from bovine spleen by UG-affinity chromatography and analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining identified two protein bands with apparent molecular masses of 40 and 180 kDa, respectively. Treatment of the NIH 3T3 cells with specific cytokines (i.e. interleukin-6) and other agonists (i.e. lipopolysaccharide) caused a substantially increased level of 125I-UG binding but the same cells, when treated with platelet-derived growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, did not alter the UG binding. Taken together, these findings raise the possibility that UG, through its binding proteins, plays critical roles in the regulation of cellular motility and ECM invasion.
Development of Pulmonary Edema Related to Heparin Administration

: Bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and osteopenia are recognized as the side effects of heparin administration. We recently noted occurrence of pulmonary edema in a patient with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia being treated with heparin for pulmonary embolism. The hypertensive episodes preceding left ventricular failure were considered related to serotonin released from the immunologically mediated lowering of platelets.
High-resolution electron microscopy of metal/metal and metal/metal-oxide interfaces in the Ag/Ni and Au/Ni systems

The atomic structures of heterophase interfaces with large misfits (>14% in Ag/Ni and Au/Ni) and with small misfits (∼2% in Ag/NiO and Au/NiO) have been studied by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). It is found that all interfaces are strongly faceted on (111) planes. This indicates that (111) interfaces have the lowest interfacial energy in both metal/metal and metal/metal-oxide systems. For the metal interfaces, this also agrees with determinations of interfacial energies by lattice statics calculations. The large misfit of Ag/Ni and Au/Ni interfaces is accommodated by misfit dislocations. Observations of misfit localization by HREM are in good agreement with images derived from computer simulation, based on relaxed structures, obtained in embedded atom calculations. All misfit dislocations at the Ag/Ni and Au/Ni interfaces lie exactly in the plane of the interfaces, while the dislocations at Ag/NiO and Au/NiO interfaces reside at a stand-off distance, 3 to 4 (111) Ag or (111) Au interplanar spacings from the interfaces.
Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis Presenting with Gingival Involvement in an Immune Competent Elderly Male

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) represents a B cell lymphoproliferative disorder that appears to be driven by infection of the lesional cells by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Although not a common condition, the overwhelming majority of cases affect the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. Oral mucosal involvement has been documented in only one other report. We describe an 82-year-old man who developed a chronic oral ulcer following extraction of a mandibular molar tooth. Biopsy of the ulcer identified large atypical mononuclear cells that had a B cell immunophenotype and were associated with the walls of several arterioles in the sample. In situ probes for EBV-encoded small RNA showed prominent labeling of these large cells, suggesting the possibility of LYG. Imaging studies identified mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy on CT imaging, while PET scans showed hypermetabolic activity in the lymph nodes as well as the left mandible. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of LYG was made and the patient was treated with rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, combined with a chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin. After three cycles of therapy, the oral ulcer resolved significantly, as well as the areas of hypermetabolic nodal activity. Remission continued for 3 years, however the patient eventually developed non-small cell carcinoma of the lung and expired as a result of that tumor.
Videofluoroscopic evaluation of aspiration with visual examination of the gag reflex and velar movement

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between prevalence of aspiration as determined by videofluoroscopic evaluation and prevalence of the gag reflex and velar movement as determined by direct visual examination. One hundred adult patients underwent a videofluoroscopic evaluation of aspiration with either an esophagram (n = 31), upper gastrointestinal series (n = 18), small bowel series (n = 23), or modified barium swallow procedure (n = 28), and concomitant evaluation of the gag reflex and velar movement on phonation. All studies were performed using the lateral, upright position, and all patients drank at least 5 cc of single contrast barium. Aspiration was defined as penetration of material below the level of the true vocal folds. A normal gag reflex and normal velar movement on phonation were observed in 14 of 15 (93%) patients who exhibited objective documentation of aspiration with videofluoroscopy. Conversely, 19 of 20 (95%) patients without a gag reflex were observed with videofluoroscopy to be without aspiration. Normal velar movement on phonation was observed in 99 of 100 (99%) patients. There was no significant age difference between patients with or without a gag reflex. No relationship was found between the prevalence of aspiration and the gag reflex or velar movement on phonation. It was concluded that the presence of a gag reflex does not protect against aspiration, and the absence of a gag reflex does not predict aspiration.
THEORY OF LINE NARROWING BY DOUBLE-FREQUENCY IRRADIATION

Starting from the general equation for the distribution matrix, magnetic resonance absorption in crystals is treated by introducing the Fourier transform of the resonance line which is shown to have the convenient form of a simple trace. The method is first applied to rederive some earlier results of Van Vleck, concerning the moments of the line. It is then extended to include the case of the following experimental paper, where resonance absorption of one magnetic ingredient is observed while another magnetic ingredient is at the same time subjected to a strong resonant rf field. It is shown that the absorption line exhibits a center line and faint sidebands, and formulas for the intensity and shape of these lines are developed. In particular, it is shown that the total second moment of the absorption is unaltered by irradiation of the other ingredient. A quantitative measure for the observed narrowing of the center line is found through the reduction of its second moment, which is compensated by the contribution of the sidebands to the total second moment.
Prismatic mixed finite elements for second order elliptic problems

In this paper, three families of mixed finite elements based on prisms are introduced. These spaces are analogues to those based on simplices and cubes in three space variables. Error estimates in L2 and H−5 are given.
Exposure to Environmental Pollutants Adversely Affects Fetal Outcome † 1311

Information on the effects of environmental pollutants on fetal outcome is sparse due to the lack of an appropriate measure of exposure. By meconium analysis, we have quantitated fetal exposure to pesticides (organophosphates and organochlorides) by GC/MS (ppm) and to heavy metals (lead, mercury and cadmium) by atomic absorption spectrometry (mg/g meconium). Subjects consisted of 200 mother/infants dyads from 7 nurseries in Manila. This is the first study to demonstrate substantial fetal exposure to environmental pollutants and their adverse effects. Table
Socialist institutions and family wealth flows reversal: an assessment of post-revolutionary Chinese rural fertility.

The study examines a hypothesis explaining the historical impact of socialist agricultural institutions on Chinese rural fertility. The implementation of collective agri cultural management and socialization of traditional family relations under various types of socialist rural institutions are shown to have affected Chinese peasants' fertility by changing the "intergenerational wealth flows" situation. To take into account the extraneous effects of economic conditions and family planning policy on rural fertility, statistical models are constructed which compute residual fertility fluctuations unexplained by these factors. By comparing the unexplained fluctuations of rural fertility with institutional changes that in varying degrees weakened the traditional sociopolitical and economic functions of family, we assess our hypothesis on the relation between macro institutional changes and fertility behavior of rural families.
Neutrino mass limits from SN1987A.

A neutrino signal from the supernova SN1987A is used to place an upper limit on the neutrino mass. If most of the neutrinos must have been emitted within several seconds, as suggested by astrophysical models, the last three of the eleven events observed by the Kamioka detector must correspond to noise or to the tail of a distribution in emission times. If the remaining eight events (which arrived within two seconds of one another) are due to neutrinos emitted within four seconds (a conservative upper limit), bound \ensuremath{\le}12 eV/${c}^{2}$ is obtained. The Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven data, with a higher energy threshold, primarily provide information regarding the total duration of the burst.
On the Use of Non-Euclidean Distance Measures in Geostatistics

In many scientific disciplines, straight line, Euclidean distances may not accurately describe proximity relationships among spatial data. However, non-Euclidean distance measures must be used with caution in geostatistical applications. A simple example is provided to demonstrate there are no guarantees that existing covariance and variogram functions remain valid (i.e. positive definite or conditionally negative definite) when used with a non-Euclidean distance measure. There are certain distance measures that when used with existing covariance and variogram functions remain valid, an issue that is explored. The concept of isometric embedding is introduced and linked to the concepts of positive and conditionally negative definiteness to demonstrate classes of valid norm dependent isotropic covariance and variogram functions, results many of which have yet to appear in the mainstream geostatistical literature or application. These classes of functions extend the well known classes by adding a parameter to define the distance norm. In practice, this distance parameter can be set a priori to represent, for example, the Euclidean distance, or kept as a parameter to allow the data to choose the metric. A simulated application of the latter is provided for demonstration. Simulation results are also presented comparing kriged predictions based on Euclidean distance to those based on using a water metric.
Computer Simulation of Crystal Structure for Three Furazan Derivatives

The crystal structure simulations for three azoxy furazans, 4,4‘-dimethylazoxyfurazan (1), 4,4‘-dichloroazoxyfurazan (2), and 4,4‘-di(morpholin-1-yl)azoxyfurazan (3), were carried out to test the reliability of standard force fields for furazan derivatives. All calculations were performed using the Polymorph Predictor module from the Cerius2 package with three force fields implemented in this package: Dreiding, Universal, and Scheraga's. The predicted crystal structures were compared with experimental ones, obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis. To reveal the effect of initial molecular geometry on crystal packing prediction, the crystal structure simulations were carried out for molecular geometry from X-ray data, and from quantum calculations as well. To evaluate the importance of Coulomb interactions in these crystals, we carried out two types of calculations, taking into account, and disregarding the Coulomb term. Our study showed that crystal structures 2 and 3, which are mainly governed by Coulomb...
Laparoendoscopic single site reconstructive procedures in urology: medium term results.

Purpose: Despite numerous retrospective series of laparoendoscopic single site surgery, cohorts have generally been small and followup largely short-term. Therefore, we report intermediate term outcomes for patients undergoing reconstructive laparoendoscopic single site procedures at a single institution.Materials and Methods: Upon review of our prospectively maintained laparoendoscopic single site urological database of 185 cases, 32 reconstructive procedures were identified including pyeloplasty (25), ileal interposition (3), ureteroneocystostomy (3) and retrocaval ureter repair (1). Perioperative data were reviewed, and clinical and radiographic success was noted.Results: Median followup was 24.4 months for pyeloplasty, 35 months for ileal interposition, 29.4 months for ureteroneocystostomy and 20 months for retrocaval ureter repair. At last followup 24 of 25 patients treated with pyeloplasty, 2 of 3 with ileal ureter, 3 of 3 with ureteroneocystostomy and 1 of 1 with retrocaval ureter reported being as...
Bilateral inferior rectus muscle recession for correction of hypotropia in dysthyroid ophthalmopathy

Abstract Purpose: The restrictive myopathy of dysthyroid ophthalmopathy frequently results in strabismus and diplopia. The most common deviation is hypotropia. Ipsilateral inferior rectus muscle recession, the generally accepted treatment, may lead to a progressive marked overcorrection. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of bilateral asymmetric inferior rectus muscle operations with regard to late progressive overcorrection. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients undergoing bilateral inferior rectus muscle recession for dysthyroid ophthalmopathy between 1993 and 1997 found 8 patients with hypotropia resulting from dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. Alignment and motility were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively in all patients. Bilateral asymmetric inferior rectus muscle recession was performed on all patients with an adjustable suture performed on the hypotropic eye. A successful, long-term, postoperative result was defined as orthophoria or a vertical misalignment of less than or equal to 5 PD in primary gaze. Results: Data were collected from 8 patients at 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively. Six patients had successful alignment, and 2 patients remained undercorrected. Seven patients were successfully aligned, and 1 patient was undercorrected at the latest postoperative examination (mean, 18 months). Conclusion: In our series, bilateral asymmetric inferior rectus muscle recession resulted in successful correction of hypotropia without late postoperative overcorrections in patients with dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. (J AAPOS 1999;3:157-9)
A computer program to investigate orbit stability in circular accelerators

A programis described for investigating orbit stability in circular accelerators. Various inputs for the median plane magnetic field are provided to accept either experimentally measured data or to investigate the effects of possible perturbations. The median plane magnetic field can contain radial and azimuthal components as well as the vertical component. The motion of the particle can be Fourier analyzed and plotted. The program is a mesh-type program where the median plane field is computed on a mesh and the field during the run is found by interpolation on the mesh. The magnetic field off the median plane is found by expanding in powers of z , with up to cubic terms in z possible in the magnetic potential.
Integrated system design and operational decisions for service sector outlets

Abstract Effective system design for service sector outlets requires the explicit consideration of the interconnectedness of its myriad elements. Facility design decisions as well as tactical, operational choices must recognize the marketing environment, including competitive and demographic factors, and their interactions. The particular design and operational features selected for a given retail service outlet will affect its sales, fixed and variable costs, service levels, efficiency, and profits. We consider a fast food chain contemplating acquiring, building, and operating a new outlet at a particular candidate site, with its own particular environment. We offer a normative approach for this type of decision, which arrives endogenously at the best choices for both design and operational features for the site. The final decision as to whether or not to actually acquire, build, and operate the outlet at the candidate site thus depends on several complex connected choices. Our implementable approach integrates the non-parametric allocative data envelopment analysis methodology with parametric regression analysis to yield a mathematical programming optimization model. We illustrate the approach with actual data from Hardee's, a fast food chain with over 3100 outlets, and an actual candidate site. The recommendations from the approach are compared with those from the conventional approach. A key advantage of our approach is its contrast to conventional approaches for site selection which ignore the more detailed design and operational choices. Additionally, the conventional approaches do not recognize the real possibility that labor and material costs might be affected by these choices. In conventional approaches, two types of errors can occur: (i) an incorrect “go/no-go” decision could be recommended for the site in question, and (ii) even if the optimal design choices are coincidentally identified, the forecasted level of annualized profits could be quite different, leading to an incorrect decision or priority about acquiring, building, and operating the candidate outlet. Other key advantages of our suggested approach are that: (i) various substitution possibilities (between more or less capital, labor, material, etc.) are considered, (ii) not only is the best configuration identified, but also a ranking of the possible configurations is available to help in sensitivity analyses and answering “what-if” questions, (iii) other specific sites (which serve as the basis for the recommendations) are identified, thereby enabling management (through site visits) to isolate the actual processes and procedures to be employed at the candidate site, and (iv) identify economies of scale possible. In summary, our approach identifies the chain's best practices in different environments, thereby enabling management to factor out poor performances due to flawed installation, lack of proper worker incentives, etc. Also, while the illustration is for a fast food outlet, the approach is equally appropriate for other service outlets, e.g., banks, hospitals, or pharmacies.
Multimodal Energy Harvesting System: Piezoelectric and Electromagnetic:

In this study, we report a multimodal energy harvesting device that combines electromagnetic and piezoelectric energy harvesting mechanism. The device consists of piezoelectric crystals bonded to a cantilever beam. The tip of the cantilever beam has an attached permanent magnet which, oscillates within a stationary coil fixed to the top of the package. The permanent magnet serves two purpose (i) acts as a tip mass for the cantilever beam and lowers the resonance frequency, and (ii) acts as a core which oscillates between the inductive coils resulting in electric current generation through Faraday's effect. Thus, this design combines the energy harvesting from two different mechanisms, piezoelectric and electromagnetic, on the same platform. The prototype system was optimized using the finite element software, ANSYS, to find the resonance frequency and stress distribution. The power generated from the fabricated prototype was found to be 0.25 W using the electromagnetic mechanism and 0.25 mW using the piez...