cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overview of Receptors from Combinatorial Nucleic Acid and Protein Libraries

This unit provides a brief description of the different approaches that can be used to identify functional peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids from combinatorial libraries. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 80:24.1.1-24.1.3. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: combinatorial library; protein; nucleic acid; aptamer; selection; SELX; phage display; directed evolution
Strangelets at the AGS

Strangelets can be considered to be a low baryon number (A) example of strange quark matter (SQM), in which up, down, and strange quarks are confined in a single bag rather than as individual protons, neutrons, lambdas, or other baryons1–4. It has been hypothesized that SQM may in fact be the true ground state of nuclear matter5, that neutron stars may be strange stars5, and that cosmic rays may have a SQM component6. Even if SQM is only metastable, with an energy per baryon number between that of nuclei and the mass of the lambda, it is possible for SQM to form by the decay of hypernuclei or multi-hypernuclei7,8 or even to be formed directly in heavy-ion induced reactions9–12. Only if the energy per baryon number of SQM is greater than the mass of the lambda does SQM’s hypothesized existence make no sense.
Stratigraphy and chronology of Provo shoreline deposits and lake-level implications, Late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, eastern Great Basin, USA

The Provo shoreline of Lake Bonneville formed following the Bonneville flood, and, based on previous dating, was formed during a period of overflow from about 17.5 to 15.0 cal. ka. In many places the Provo shoreline consists of a pair of distinct shorelines, one ∼3 m higher than the other. We present data from two cuts through double beaches to show that the upper beach is younger and represents sedimentation after a lake-level rise. In addition, the lower beach deposits are internally stratified by beds that suggest three more lake-level rises during its development. The Provo beach complex thus appears to have been built during rising lake levels, which can be explained by rises in the overflow threshold by sequential landslide deposition. Evaluation of beach altitudes demonstrates that the two beach crests throughout the Bonneville basin experienced equivalent rebound from removal of the lake load, and therefore they formed after the rebound associated with the Bonneville flood occurred in early Provo time. However, radiocarbon ages on gastropods collected within the beach deposits suggest both that the sequence of five beach deposits formed from c.18.1 to c. 17.0 cal. ka, and that the Bonneville flood occurred before 18 cal. ka. These ages are discordant with previous dates on shells within offshore sands, and raise questions about the validity of radiocarbon ages for shells in Lake Bonneville as well as about the age of the Bonneville flood and Provo shoreline. The timing for maximum Provo lake depths and its association with climate stages during deglaciation remain unresolved.
BAER Testing in a Dog with Bilateral External Ear Canal Atresia

A 3 yr old male castrated Labrador retriever presented for evaluation and treatment of bilateral atresia of the external ear canals. The owners reported that the dog could hear only loud and high-pitched noises. Computed tomography of the head revealed intact vertical and horizontal ear canals filled with debris and a debris-filled right tympanic bulla. Air- and bone-conducted brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) testing revealed an elevated response threshold to air-conducted stimuli and greater amplitude waveforms evoked by bone-conducted stimuli. The ear canals were surgically corrected via lateral ear canal resection. BAER testing postoperatively revealed a decrease in the air-conducted BAER threshold. This case is an example of the use of bone-conducted BAER testing to aid in the diagnosis of conductive deafness, and in determining prognosis for normal hearing after surgical treatment of external ear canal atresia.
The evolution of grid-generated turbulence under conditions of stable thermal stratification

We investigate the evolution of grid turbulence under the action of a stable (negatively buoyant), linear, temperature profile. The experiment was carried out in a large, open circuit, low-speed wind tunnel 0.91 × 0.91 m2 and 9.14 m in length specially designed for the study of stratified turbulence. The temperature gradient, formed at the entrance to the plenum chamber of the tunnel by means of an array of 72 horizontal, differentially heated elements was varied from 0 to 55 °C/m, giving a maximum Brunt–Vaisala frequency N of 1.3 s−1. The grid mesh M was 2.54 cm and the mean velocity U was varied from 2.8 to 4.2 m/s. Thus the mesh Froude number FrM = U/(NM) was varied from ∞ to 84.8 for the passive and most stable case respectively. We show that there are distinct stages in the evolution of the flow and these are determined by the turbulence Richardson number Riu, which is the square of the ratio of the turbulence to stratification timescales (Nτ)2. For Riu < 0.1 the flow is dynamically passive and the vertical heat flux correlation coefficient ρwθ is constant with a value of −0.7. From Riu ≈ 0.1 (where the turbulent potential energy is approximately 5% of the vertical kinetic energy) to Riu ≈ 1 the heat flux begins to decay under the action of the buoyancy forces and the vertical velocity variance , increases from the passive value (of 1.1) to a maximum of approximately 1.6 at Riu ≈ 1 and then decreases as the heat flux collapses. No direct evidence of internal waves is found from the single-point measurements. The results are presented in terms of relevant lengthscale ratios determined from auto-correlation functions, spectra and from integrated quantities such as variance and dissipation rates. Particular attention is paid to a comparison with previous work, especially that of Lienhard & Van Atta (1990), the only other wind-tunnel experiment on strongly stratified grid-generated turbulence without shear. It is shown that the evolution of the flow is very sensitive to initial conditions and in order to collapse the data of different experiments the turbulence time (τ) rather than the elapsed clock time (t) must be used, i.e. the data collapse well with Riu but not with Nt (which is more traditionally used).
Feedback control of dissipative PDE systems using adaptive model reduction

The problem of feedback control of spatially distributed processes described by highly dissipative partial differential equations (PDEs) is considered. Typically, this problem is addressed through model reduction, where finite dimensional approximations to the original infinite dimensional PDE system are derived and used for controller design. The key step in this approach is the computation of basis functions that are subsequently utilized to obtain finite dimensional ordinary differential equation (ODE) models using the method of weighted residuals. A common approach to this task is the Karhunen-Loeve expansion combined with the method of snapshots. To circumvent the issue of a priori availability of a sufficiently large ensemble of PDE solution data, the focus is on the recursive computation of eigenfunctions as additional data from the process becomes available. Initially, an ensemble of eigenfunctions is constructed based on a relatively small number of snapshots, and the covariance matrix is computed. The dominant eigenspace of this matrix is then utilized to compute the empirical eigenfunctions required for model reduction. This dominant eigenspace is recomputed with the addition of each snapshot with possible increase or decrease in its dimensionality; due to its small dimensionality the computational burden is relatively small. The proposed approach is applied to representative examples of dissipative PDEs, with both linear and nonlinear spatial differential operators, to demonstrate its effectiveness of the proposed methodology. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Two dimensional simulation of chemical flooding

A two-dimensional, multicomponent, multiphase, compositional reservoir simulator has been developed, tested, and applied to micellar/polymer flooding. The simulator is even more complete in its physical description than the 1-D version previously published. The simulator is described and discussed. Applications to various field scale conditions are illustrated. Factors simulated include reservoir heterogeneity, crossflow, dispersion, injection rate, and various process variables such as slug size, polymer drive grading and size, salinity gradient, and mobility ratio. 17 refs.
Self-reported assessment practices of school psychologists: Implications for training and practice

Abstract This study reports the results of an investigation of the assessment views and practices of school psychologists in the United States. Results of the investigation indicated that respondents are predominantly behavioral and cognitive behavioral in orientation; spend most of their professional time in the public schools; and engage in a great deal of assessment. Behavioral assessment and projective testing occupies the greatest amount of their social-emotional assessment time. Behavioral interviewing is the most used behavioral technique, followed by behavioral observation, which is reportedly used by approximately one third of the respondents with from 41% to 100% of clients. Although most of the respondents report a preference for continuing to do approximately the same amount of the various social-emotional assessment activities as they are presently doing, very high percentages of respondents indicate that their use of behavioral assessment strategies would increase with development of published instrumentation, normative standards, and standardized out-of-setting behavioral procedures.
Charles Tilly: Connecting Large Scale Social Change and Personal Narrative:

Charles Tilly's work as a historical sociologist and on states, social change and other topics has had powerful influence across the social sciences and social history, also having a large popular ...
26-year-old man with recurrent urinary tract infections.

A 26-year-old male college student presented with 1 week of constant, right lower quadrant, throbbing abdominal pain that was worse after eating and accompanied by bilious emesis. He had experienced similar, albeit less severe and self-limited, episodes of abdominal pain during the preceding 6 months. He denied fevers or chills but had lost 4.5 kg (10 lbs) in the past 6 months. During the same time period, he was treated twice with antibiotics for urinary tract infections (UTIs) after reporting symptoms of dysuria and noting “bubbles” in his urine. A urine culture was never obtained.
Effect of unphosphorylated smooth muscle myosin on caldesmon-mediated regulation of actin filament velocity

The effect of smooth muscle myosin at different levels of light chain phosphorylation on caldesmon-mediated movement of actin filaments was investigated using an in vitro motility assay. Myosin at different levels of phosphorylation was obtained by mixing different proportions of fully phosphorylated and unphosphorylated myosin in monomeric form, while keeping the total myosin concentration constant. The average velocity of actin filaments containing tropomyosin was 1.20±0.046 μm s−1 at 30°C with fully phosphorylated myosin. This velocity was not altered when the percentage of unphosphorylated myosin coated on the nitrocellulose surface was increased to 80%; further increases lowered the velocity. When the actin filaments with caldesmon bound at stoichiometric levels were used, filament velocity was unaffected until 50% of the myosin was unphosphorylated, but further increases in the percentage of unphosphorylated myosin induced a decrease in the velocity, and at 95% unphosphorylated myosin, filament movement had ceased. The decreased filament velocity in the presence of caldesmon was also observed when phosphorylated myosin was mixed with myosin rod instead of unphosphorylated myosin, but was not observed when the 38 kDa caldesmon C-terminal fragment, which lacks the myosin-binding domain, was used instead of intact caldesmon. These data indicate that the decreased filament velocity in the presence of caldesmon reflects the mechanical load produced by the tethering of actin to myosin through the interaction of the caldesmon N-terminal domain and the myosin S-2 region. The tethering effect mediated by caldesmon may play a role in smooth muscle contraction when a large number of myosin heads are dephosphorylated, as in force maintenance.
Longitudinal measurement of non‐specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness in non‐allergic children and adolescents

Non-speeifie bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is intimately associated with the clinical condition recognized as asthma. BHR ean be present, however, in non-asthmatic subjects, most notable in siblings of sthmatic subjects. What is not well understood, however, is whether inereased bronchial responsiveness, once present, persists over time. In this regard we report on our longitudinal study of BHR in non-allergic children and adolescents. The reported subjects are part of a larger on-going study in a selected population of asthma families, normal families, and twins. Initiated in 1972, t he subjects reported here are those who have had at least one follow-up visit through 1990, and did not have asthma or allergic histories at either their initial or follow-up(s). Subjects completed a standardized respiratory questionnaire, had skin tests, a serum IgE level and a determination of non-specific BHR using a methacholine challenge. Subjects were 6 to 21 years at initial visit. Non-allergic subjects trom asthma families (n = 25), twins (n = 37), and normal families (n = 28) were followed longitudinally, and their age at subsequent visits was not restricted. In this study, we found subjects from asthma families and twins had significantly increased BHR when compared to subjects from normal families. This increased BHR persisted over time and was not influenced by the atopic status of the studied subjects.
International Business and Global Information Management Research: Toward a Cumulative Tradition

This work reviews the relationship between the disciplines of international business and global information management (GIM), examining how international business has served as a reference discipline for GIM and how GIM has contributed to the development of international business. GIM contributions are considered in terms of their findings as well as topic and approach. Based on a review of all Journal of Global Information Management (JGIM) articles since the inception of the journal, this paper identifies international business scholars that have been important to the field of GIM and some who might deserve more attention.
Objective cross-sectional analysis of diabatic circulations and vertical motions using ALPEX data

Frontal propagation and development in the presence of orography and moisture are examined using the objective cross-section analysis method of Shapiro and Hastings (1973). The method is applied to a real data case on 4–5 March 1982 during the Alpine Experiment (ALPEX). Surface data are added to the analysis method to improve the lowlevel depiction of the frontal zone.
Self-Sterile Auxotrophs and Their Relation to Heterothallism in Sordaria fimicola

Eighty morphological mutants in the homothallic fungus Sordaria fimicola were tested on liquid minimal medium for nutritional requirements. Five had nutritional requirements, one for adenine, three for arginine, and one for lysine. All five were from among the eighty single gene mutants that were also partially or completely self-sterile. Nutritional requirements and centromere-locus intervals provide better criteria than morphological characters for selecting self-sterile mutants at complex loci governing heterothallism.
Model checking if your life depends on it: a view from Intel's trenches

Hardware design is considered one of the traditional areas for formal (property) verification (FPV); in particular for symbolic model checking. Indeed, Intel, SUN, Motorola and IBM all develop and deploy model checking tools to ensure design correctness. On the other hand, hardware design is hostile territory because of the huge effort companies traditionally invest in classical testing and validation techniques which tend to be much more automated, require less sophistication from users and which will, in fact, discover many errors when deployed on such a scale. For these reasons FPV will never fully supplant traditional validation.The real challenge lies in convincing processor design teams that diverting some of their validation resources to FPV leads to provably higher design quality. Complicating factors include the relatively high quality of traditional validation at least within Intel which raises the bar for FPV; and the fact that in high-performance processors design large parts of the RTL tends to remain unstable enough throughout the design to make it very hard to verify suitable micro-architectural abstractions. For these reasons, FPV within Intel traditionally targets the same RTL from which the schematics is derived and on which all traditional validation is performed.Arguably the biggest (public) FPV success story within Intel is that of floating point hardware verification and it is illustrative to see how FPV is deployed in this area and how tool and methodology development is influenced.The major challenge that we are now facing is to move formal verification upstream in the design flow. Not only because ever increasing micro-architectural complexity creates a strong demand for early verification on an algorithmic level, but also because the ever shortening design cycle forces formal verification to start much earlier in the design. It is here that hardware FPV and software verification start to merge and there are lessons to be learned for either side.
Azathioprine-related myelosuppression in a patient homozygous for TPMT*3A

This article reports the case of a 50-year-old man who had undergone kidney and pancreas transplantation and developed pancytopenia following treatment with azathioprine. A genotype test for thiopurineS-methyltransferase (TPMT) showed that the patient was homozygous for TPMT*3A, which accounted for the susceptibility to azathioprine-related myelosuppression. The authors discuss the importance of TPMT testing and describe the tools available for monitoring for adverse effects from treatment. Background. A 50-year-old man who had received a simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplant 9 years earlier developed pancytopenia 3 weeks after starting azathioprine therapy to treat worsening proteinuria suspected to be caused by sirolimus. Investigations. Laboratory tests, including complete blood counts, measurement of serum levels of vitamin B12 and folate, liver function tests, virological assays, and thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) genotyping. Diagnosis. Severe myelosuppression as a consequence of azathioprine therapy in a patient homozygous for the TPMT*3A allele. Management. Discontinuation of azathioprine, treatment with an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, red blood cell transfusions, filgrastim (a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor analogue) and folic acid.
Pitzer-Debye-Hückel limiting slopes for water from 0 to 350°C and from saturation to 1 kbar

Using internationally recognized critical evaluations for the dielectric constant of water by Uematsu and Franck and the thermodynamic surface of water by Haar, Gallagher, and Kell, the Bureau of Mines presents values for the Pitzer-Debye-Huckel limiting slopes for osmotic coefficients, apparent molal enthalpies, apparent molal heat capacities, apparent molal volumes, molal compressibilities, and apparent molal expansivities from 0 to 350°C and from saturation to 1 kbar.
Generations of Gerontology: Aging, Continuity, and Change:

This prelude to the subsequent articles sets the stage for a discussion of the topic, “Generations of Gerontology: Aging, Continuity, and Change.” The authors define gerontology as a social system through which generations of gerontologists flow. As people move through this system, gerontology evidences both continuity and change in themes, theories, and methods. The broad sociocultural context within which gerontology exists reinforces, influences, and shapes the persistence of some aspects of gerontology while changing others. The subsequent articles deal with themes, theories, and methods. A fourth article provides a description of gerontology's sociocultural context, and encourages the development and use of our gerontological imagination. The concluding article attempts to synthesize the four other articles, and presents responses to the issues and challenges raised in those articles.
A Constitutive Model for Commercially Pure Titanium

Flow stress data for CP titanium were obtained using the torsion test in the temperature range from ambient to 750 C and at shear strain-rates in the range from 0.192 to 122.0 s{sup {minus}1}. The temperature rise because of deformation heating was calculated numerically. It was found that the temperature rise is insignificant for strain rates below 0.192 s{sup {minus}1} where the deformation conditions are essentially isothermal while for strain rates above 27.0 s{sup {minus}1} deformation conditions are adiabatic. Large temperature gradients exist in the longitudinal direction of the specimen with the maximum temperature occurring at the middle of the gage length. The temperature gradients in the radial direction are much smaller and can be neglected for most practical applications. Isothermal shear stress-shear strain curves for CP titanium were obtained from the experimental torsion test data by accounting for the temperature rise produced by deformation. It was found that the data exhibits a good fit to a Johnson-Cook relationship with exponential thermal softening. The work emphasizes the importance of the need to consider the role of deformation heating when interpreting data on the effect of strain rate and temperature on the mechanical properties of materials.
LARVAL ADAPTATIONS AND PATTERNS OF BRACHIOPOD DIVERSITY IN SPACE AND TIME.

Modern biodistributional patterns suggest that modes of larval development are a factor in determining the patterns of diversity in benthic invertebrates. Paleozoic brachiopods had diversity patterns suggesting that they possessed both planktotrophic and nonplanktotrophic modes. It is presently hypothesized that the planktotrophic lineages were lost to extinction, largely or entirely during the Permian-Triassic event, and that the failure of the articulate brachiopods to regain their former importance is substantially due to their nonplanktotrophic developmental mode.
The Multidimensional Assessment of Career Decision Problems: The Career Decision Diagnostic Assessment

The multidimensional assessment of career decision problems as measured by the Career Decision Diagnostic Assessment (CDDA; Bansberg & Sklare, 1986) is described, and the CDDA is evaluated for reliability, validity, and factor structure with a sample of 844 students from three universities. Results supported the reliability and validity of the CDDA as a measure of psychological blocks to career decision making. Preliminary normative scores for university students are presented. Recommendations for improving the CDDA and for using the CDDA in career counseling are discussed.
Characterization of a mutation commonly associated with persistent stuttering: evidence for a founder mutation

Stuttering is a disorder which affects the fluency of speech. It has been shown to have high heritability, and has recently been linked to mutations in the GNPTAB gene. One such mutation, Glu1200Lys, has been repeatedly observed in unrelated families and individual cases. Eight unrelated individuals carrying this mutation were analyzed in an effort to distinguish whether these arise from repeated mutation at the same site, or whether they represent a founder mutation with a single origin. Results show that all 12 chromosomes carrying this mutation share a common haplotype in this region, indicating it is a founder mutation. Further analysis estimated the age of this allele to be ~572 generations. Construction of a cladogram tracing the mutation through our study sample also supports the founder mutation hypothesis.
A Lively Concluding Lesson for the Adult Education Foreign Language Course.

preceding sessions with a significant expansion of useful vocabulary. It has become known in my own classes simply as "Going Out." This session begins with a brief presentation of some pertinent "going out" vocabulary. Appropriate terms and sentence patterns are furnished on duplicated sheets distributed at the beginning of the period. The blackboard may also be used for this purpose. The vocabulary introduced includes those basic phrases necessary for: making a date, finding out what is going on and where,
Use of gradient-corrected functionals in total-energy calculations for solids.

We have used two gradient-corrected exchange-correlation functionals to compute the lattice constant, bulk modulus, and cohesive energy for the simple metal Al, the sp-bonded semiconductors Si, Ge, and GaAs, and the 4d transition metals Nb and Pd. We find no consistent improvement over the predictions of the local-density approximation.
Common Core Science Standards: Implications for Students with Learning Disabilities.

The Common Core Science Standards represent a new effort to increase science learning for all students. These standards include a focus on English and language arts aspects of science learning, and three dimensions of science standards, including practices of science, crosscutting concepts of science, and disciplinary core ideas in the various subject areas. Many of these issues bring important implications for students with learning disabilities, which we discuss in turn. With appropriate supports and applications, students with learning disabilities can potentially benefit greatly from these new standards. However, the demands of these standards may require a higher level of support than those commonly available for many students with learning disabilities.
Relationship between mRNA expression of splice forms of the ζ1 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and spatial memory in aged mice

Age-related changes in the protein and mRNA expression of some of the splice forms of the zeta1 (NR1) subunit of the NMDA receptor have been seen in mice and rats. The present study was designed to determine whether individual splice forms of the zeta1 subunit of the NMDA receptor within prefrontal/frontal cortical regions contribute to memory deficits during aging and whether experience in learning tasks can influence the expression of the splice forms. mRNA expression of 4 splice forms (zeta1-1, zeta1-3, zeta1-a and zeta1-b) and mRNA for all known splice forms (zeta1-pan) were examined by in situ hybridization. mRNA for C-terminal splice forms, zeta1-1 (+ C1 and + C2 cassettes) and zeta1-3 (+ C1 and + C2'), showed significant declines during aging in several brain regions even though overall zeta1-pan mRNA expression was not significantly affected by aging. This suggests that these splice forms are more influenced by aging than the subunit as a whole. There was an increase in the expression of zeta1-a (-N1 cassette) splice form in the behaviorally-experienced old mice relative to the younger groups. Old mice with high levels of mRNA expression for the zeta1-a splice form in orbital cortex showed the best performances in the working memory task, but the poorest performances in the cued, associative learning task. These results suggest that there is a complex interaction between zeta1 splice form expression and performance of memory tasks during aging.
An application of robust template matching to user location on wireless infrastructure

Instead of using a conventional template matching with the sum of squared distance (SSD) for signal strength matching to provide user location on wireless infrastructure, we propose the use of robust template matching methods for providing robust user location. Our method expects and handles the noisy data common within a wireless setting, and provides the user with relevant information as to the reliability of their location within the system. In our experiments, we compare our method with the conventional SSD based and sum of absolute difference (SAD) based template matching and a state of the art method, support vector machines. Our experimental results show that some of robust template matching methods can outperform compared methods very much.
A polarized photon beam produced by coherent pair production in oriented graphite

ABS>Attenuation by coherent pair production in highly oriented, compression annealed, pyrolytic gnaphite has been used to polarize a l6-GeV bremsstrahlung beam. The polarizer consists of 61 cm of graphite crystals, whose reciprocal lattice vectors are oriented at 10.5 mrad to the normal to the beam direction; and can be rotated by 90 deg about the beam line to rotate the plane of polarization. A functionally identical assembly of length 30.5 cm was used as an analyzer to measure the polarization of the beam with the SLAC pair spectrometer. The beam produced intensities greater than 4 x l0/sup 8/ equivalent quanta per beam pulse and had a measured polarization of 0.255 plus or minus 0.020. (auth)
Pocket formation and the flame surface density equation

The occurrence and properties of singularities in the equation for the surface density function σ≡|∇| are analyzed analytically and numerically using data from two-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) of pocket formation in a premixed methane-air flame. The various stages and the relevant time scales associated with pocket formation were determined in a previous study. It was found that isolated pockets form if and only if a nondegenerate critical point of a saddle point type appears. The appearance of a singularity in the isoline representing the flame front may have implications to modeling of the terms in the surface density function (SDF) approach during such transient events as pocket formation. The sink and source terms in SDF are evaluated in the neighborhood of a critical point using DNS data during pocket formation and an analytic representation of a scalar in the vicinity of the critical point that allows for the computation of all kinematic properties. The analytic and computational results show that the normal restoration and dissipation terms in the SDF become singular at the critical point when the pocket emerges. Furthermore, the analytic results show that the singularities exactly cancel, and therefore, the main conclusion is that it is unnecessary to model the singular behavior of these terms at critical points. However, closure of their sum is recommended.
Relativistic Effect in the Light-Scattering Spectrum of a θ -Pinch Plasma

Precise measurements of incoherently scattered light from a $\ensuremath{\theta}$-pinch plasma revealed a blue shift of the spectrum which could not be accounted for either by the diamagnetic drift velocity of the electrons or by the motion of the plasma as observed stereoscopically by a streak camera. We find that a major part of the blue shift can be attributed to a relativistic effect. We discuss the consequences of ignoring the relativistic corrections and point out the possibility of making large systematic errors in electron-temperature measurement in certain experimental arrangements employing Thomson scattering. Even at temperatures well below 1000 eV the effect is not negligible.
Functional compartmentalization and viewpoint generalization within the macaque face-processing system.

Primates can recognize faces across a range of viewing conditions. Representations of individual identity should thus exist that are invariant to accidental image transformations like view direction. We targeted the recently discovered face-processing network of the macaque monkey that consists of six interconnected face-selective regions and recorded from the two middle patches (ML, middle lateral, and MF, middle fundus) and two anterior patches (AL, anterior lateral, and AM, anterior medial). We found that the anatomical position of a face patch was associated with a unique functional identity: Face patches differed qualitatively in how they represented identity across head orientations. Neurons in ML and MF were view-specific; neurons in AL were tuned to identity mirror-symetrically across views, thus achieving partial view invariance; and neurons in AM, the most anterior face patch, achieved almost full view invariance.
QUANTUM ASPECTS OF LIFE: RELATING EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY WITH THEOLOGY VIA MODERN PHYSICS

In the present paper, I shall argue that quantum theory can contribute to reconciling evolutionary biology with the creation hypothesis. After giving a careful definition of the theological problem, I will, in a first step, formulate necessary conditions for the compatibility of evolutionary theory and the creation hypothesis. In a second step, I will show how quantum theory can contribute to fulfilling these conditions. More precisely, I claim that (1) quantum probabilities are best understood in terms of ontological indeterminism, but (2) reflect nevertheless causal openness rather than divine indifference or arbitrariness, and (3) such a genuinely creative universe can be considered as the work of a loving Creator. I ask subsequently whether these necessary conditions are also sufficient for the compatibility of evolutionary theory and the creation hypothesis. Finally, I will show that relating evolutionary biology with theology via quantum theory could also shed some light on the nature of life.
Pathway to Finite Element Analysis of Stress Urinary Incontinence Mechanics

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), a condition that affects mainly women, is characterized by the involuntary leakage of urine caused by an increase in abdominal pressure in the absence of a bladder contraction that raises the vesical (bladder) pressure to a level that exceeds the urethral closure pressure.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Characterization of protein-ligand interactions by high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

A novel approach for detection of ligand binding to a protein in solid samples is described. Hydrated precipitates of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL show well-resolved 13C−13C 2D solid-state NMR spectra that allow site-specific assignment of resonances for many residues in uniformly 13C-enriched samples. Binding of a small peptide or drug-like organic molecule leads to changes in the chemical shift of resonances from multiple residues in the protein that can be monitored to characterize binding. Differential chemical shifts can be used to distinguish between direct protein−ligand contacts and small conformational changes of the protein induced by ligand binding. The agreement with prior solution-state NMR results indicates that the binding pocket in solid and liquid samples is similar for this protein. Advantages of different labeling schemes involving selective 13C enrichment of methyl groups of Ala, Val, Leu, and Ile (Cδ1) for characterizing protein−ligand interactions are also discussed. It is demon...
UTERINE DISTENTION AND LACTATION1

SELYE,2 and Selye, Collip and Thomson3 published a series of experiments which were interpreted as snowing that distention of the uterus would inhibit lactation. Rats which had their uteri distended with paraffin on the day following normal parturition or at the time of a Caesarian section failed to lactate, and the mammary glands showed signs of involution as early as the fourth day after the termination of pregnancy even in spite of active suckling. It was inferred that the distended uterus inhibited the release of the lactogenic hormone from the pituitary. If these daims could be substantiated this type of animal should be excellent for assaying the lactogenic hormone, prolactin. The present report cites our experience which fails to substantiate the original claims. The technic used in this study closely approximated that described by Selye. Rats were selected for operation during the first 24 hours after a normal delivery.
Animacy, perceptual load, and inattentional blindness.

Inattentional blindness is the failure to notice unexpected objects in a visual scene while engaging in an attention-demanding task. We examined the effects of animacy and perceptual load on inattentional blindness. Participants searched for a category exemplar under low or high perceptual load. On the last trial, the participants were exposed to an unexpected object that was either animate or inanimate. Unexpected objects were detected more frequently when they were animate rather than inanimate, and more frequently with low than with high perceptual loads. We also measured working memory capacity and found that it predicted the detection of unexpected objects, but only with high perceptual loads. The results are consistent with the animate-monitoring hypothesis, which suggests that animate objects capture attention because of the importance of the detection of animate objects in ancestral hunter–gatherer environments.
The operation of a small data centre (Mössbauer spectroscopy)

Abstract The Mossbauer Effect Data Centre provides the data and infomation needs for researchers in the field of Mossbauer spectroscopy. In particular, the Centre is involved with the collection, documentation, evaluation and dissementation of data that is needed for analyzing and performing the Mossbauer experiment as well as the data is reported by various Mossbauer spectroscopic laboratories. The majority of the Centre's of the efforts are addressed to the latter part of this research. The Mossbauer Effect Data Centre is unique in that it is a data/information centre which completely supported by the Mossbauer community.
Comparative acute cochlear toxicity of intravenous bumetanide and furosemide in the purebred beagle

Comparisons were made of the effects of various doses of intravenous bumetanide and furosemide on the primary auditory afferent activity (N1) and cochlear microphonics (CM) of beagles. The dose-response relationships of the N1 depressions to bumetanide and furosemide are parallel; those of the CM depressions are also parallel but have a much shallower slope than those of the N1 depressions. With both drugs, N1 depression occurs at lower doses than does CM depression. The N1 depression produced by a particular dose of bumetanide or furosemide bore a linear relationship to the CM depression produced. This finding supports the postulate that the cochlear site and mechanism of ototoxic action of the loop diuretics are directed at an earlier step of the cochlear transduction process than N1. Using N1 depression as the gross electrophysiologic index of ototoxicity, the acute ototoxic potency of bumetanide in beagles is approximately 6.5 times that of furosemide, whereas its diuretic potency is 40 to 60 times that of furosemide. Therefore, when clinical dosages of the two drugs are considered, the relative acute ototoxic potency of bumetanide in the beagle is 0.11 to 0.16 that of furosemide. This range is identical to the relative ototoxic potency of 0.11 to 0.16 previously obtained in the cat. Serum concentrations of bumetanide and furosemide increased linearly with the doses of the two drugs, except for the highest dose given (100 mg/kg for both drugs). The serum concentrations at that dose of both drugs are less than the mathematically predicted values. Histologic (light-microscopic) examination of the cochleas did not reveal any significant pathology.
Prevalence estimates of pathological gambling in Switzerland.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of pathological gambling in the Swiss adult population before the introduction of new forms of gambling, and the link between pathological gambling and alcohol abuse. Method: 2526 telephone interviews were completed using standardized assessment instruments for identifying potential and probable pathological gamblers (SOGS) and alcohol abuse (CAGE). Results: The current prevalence of probable and potential pathological gamblers were estimated to be 0.8% and 2.2%, respectively. The results also show a clear correlation between alcohol abuse and gambling behaviours. Conclusion: For the first time estimations are available of the Swiss prevalence rates of pathological gambling. Considering the link between gambling availability and increases in the prevalence of pathological gambling and the correlation between alcohol abuse and pathological gambling, the implications of these results for the prevention and treatment of this debilitating disorder are discussed.
Dextran hydrogel scaffolds enhance angiogenic responses and promote complete skin regeneration during burn wound healing

Neovascularization is a critical determinant of wound-healing outcomes for deep burn injuries. We hypothesize that dextran-based hydrogels can serve as instructive scaffolds to promote neovascularization and skin regeneration in third-degree burn wounds. Dextran hydrogels are soft and pliable, offering opportunities to improve the management of burn wound treatment. We first developed a procedure to treat burn wounds on mice with dextran hydrogels. In this procedure, we followed clinical practice of wound excision to remove full-thickness burned skin, and then covered the wound with the dextran hydrogel and a dressing layer. Our procedure allows the hydrogel to remain intact and securely in place during the entire healing period, thus offering opportunities to simplify the management of burn wound treatment. A 3-week comparative study indicated that dextran hydrogel promoted dermal regeneration with complete skin appendages. The hydrogel scaffold facilitated early inflammatory cell infiltration that led to its rapid degradation, promoting the infiltration of angiogenic cells into the healing wounds. Endothelial cells homed into the hydrogel scaffolds to enable neovascularization by day 7, resulting in an increased blood flow significantly greater than treated and untreated controls. By day 21, burn wounds treated with hydrogel developed a mature epithelial structure with hair follicles and sebaceous glands. After 5 weeks of treatment, the hydrogel scaffolds promoted new hair growth and epidermal morphology and thickness similar to normal mouse skin. Collectively, our evidence shows that customized dextran-based hydrogel alone, with no additional growth factors, cytokines, or cells, promoted remarkable neovascularization and skin regeneration and may lead to novel treatments for dermal wounds.
Primary pure red cell aplasia in dogs: 13 cases (1996–2000)

Objectives—To examine clinical features, laboratory test results, treatment, and outcome of dogs with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). Design—Retrospective study. Animals—13 dogs with severe nonregenerative anemia and bone marrow erythroid aplasia. Procedures—Medical records of dogs determined to have PRCA on the basis of results of blood and bone marrow analysis between 1996 and 2000 were reviewed. Criteria for inclusion in the study were severe nonregenerative anemia (Hct < 20%; reticulocyte count < 1.0%), selective erythroid aplasia in bone marrow, and lack of underlying diseases that may have caused the anemia. Results—Median age of dogs was 6.5 years. Females were significantly overrepresented. Median Hct was 10%, and median reticulocyte count was 0.1%. Direct Coombs' test results were negative for all dogs tested, and spherocytosis was evident in 2 dogs. All dogs were treated with prednisolone, and 2 dogs were treated with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. Responses to treatment were complete, partial...
Light-induced tailoring of PEG-hydrogel properties

Abstract We have previously reported (Andreopoulos et al. J Am Chem Soc 118 (1996) 6235–6240) the synthesis of hydrogels via the photopolymerization of water-soluble PEG molecules. In this paper, PEG-hydrogel membranes were prepared by the irradiation (>300 nm) of aqueous solutions of photosensitive 4-armed PEG (nominal molecular weight of 20 000), in the absence of photoinitiators. The hydroxyl termini of the PEG’s were functionalized with cinnamylidene acetate groups to form photosensitive PEG macromers (PEG-CA), which upon irradiation (>300 nm) formed crosslinks between adjacent cinnamylidene groups resulting in highly crosslinked networks (hydrogels) (Andreopoulos et al. J Am Chem Soc 118 (1996) 6235–6240). The hydrogel membranes were highly swellable with equilibrium volume fractions ranging from 0.02 to 0.05. Their swellability was a function of irradiation light (>300 nm) and degree of modification of the PEG molecules. The effect of light on the permeation fluxes of myoglobin (Mb), hemoglobin (Hb), and lactate dehydrogenase-L (LDH) through PEG membranes was also assessed and the diffusion coefficients of the proteins were determined accordingly. The PEG-CA membranes exhibited photoscissive behavior upon exposure to UV irradiation (254 nm). Therefore, UV light was used as a trigger to control the mesh size of the membranes, and thereby the permeation fluxes of Mb, Hb, and LDH. Equilibrium swelling experiments with membranes prepared under different irradiation conditions were performed, and the Flory–Huggins model was utilized to determine the mesh size and the average molecular weight between crosslinks of the synthesized hydrogels.
Integration of vegetation inventory data and Landsat TM image for vegetation classification in the western Brazilian Amazon

This paper summarizes approaches for successional forest classification and develops a new approach based on the integration of vegetation inventory data and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data in Rondonia, Brazil. Entropy (ENT) is calculated using tree height distribution from field vegetation inventory data and the adjusted entropy (adjENT) is then calculated by incorporating average stand height for each sample. The adjENT estimation model is developed using a linear regression analysis based on the integration of adjENT and measured TM reflectance. The successional stages are classified based on identified thresholds of adjENT values. The results shows that three successional stages (i.e., initial, intermediate, and advanced successional stages) can be classified with user's and producer's accuracies ranging from 77% to 79% and 61% to 89%, which are much improved comparing with the result from the maximum likelihood classifier. The strong correlation between adjENT representing forest stand structure and the TM spectral signatures may provide new insights for estimation of forest stand parameters, such as biomass, and for detection of forest degradation.
Impaired cardiac function during postnatal hypoxia in rats exposed to nicotine prenatally: Implications for perinatal morbidity and mortality, and for sudden infant death syndrome

Maternal smoking correlates highly with parturitional/neonatal death including SIDS; nicotine exposure of fetal rats reproduces the increased mortality when animals are tested postnatally with hypoxia. In the current study, pregnant rats received nicotine infusions simulating smokers' plasma nicotine levels. At 1-2 days postpartum, the nicotine group displayed normal heart rates, EKG waveforms, and respiratory rates in normoxia. With hypoxia (5% O 2 , 10 min), controls showed initial tachycardia and a subsequent slight decline in heart rate; atrioventricular conduction was gradually impaired and repolarization abnormalities also appeared. The nicotine group showed no tachycardia and heart rate declined rapidly and precipitously within a few minutes after commencing hypoxia; otherwise, EKG alterations mimicked the controls'. Changes in respiration were identical in the two groups: initial tachypnea and subsequent decline. These results suggest that prenatal nicotine affects sinoatrial reactivity to hypoxia without impairing cardiac conduction per se. These mechanisms explain increased hypoxia-induced mortality in animals exposed to prenatal nicotine, and in man could account for increased morbidity/mortality and SIDS. Our results also indicate the need to test adverse effects of fetal drug exposure using conditions that challenge any given physiological system rather than relying solely on changes under basal conditions.