cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Switching of Transistors in Digital Electronics for RFID Tag Design

Existing analog-signal side-channels, such as EM emanations, are a consequence of current-flow changes that are dependent on activity inside electronic circuits. In this paper, we introduce a new class of side-channels that is a consequence of impedance changes in switching circuits, and we refer to it as an impedance-based side-channel . One example of such a side-channel is when digital logic activity causes incoming EM signals to be modulated as they are reflected (backscattered), at frequencies that depend on both the incoming EM signal and the circuit activity. This can cause EM interference or leakage of sensitive information, but it can also be leveraged for radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag design. In this paper, we first introduce a new class of side-channels that is a consequence of impedance differences in switching circuits, and we refer to it as an impedance-based side-channel . Then, we demonstrate that the impedance difference between transistor gates in the high-state and in the low-state changes the radar cross section and modulates the backscattered signal. Furthermore, we have investigated the possibility of implementing the proposed RFID on ASIC for signal enhancement. Finally, we propose a digital circuit that can be used as a semi-passive RFID tag. To illustrate the adaptability of the proposed RFID, we have designed a variety of RFID applications across carrier frequencies at 5.8 GHz, 17.46 GHz, and 26.5 GHz to demonstrate the flexible carrier frequency selection and bit configuration.
Effects of Compression and Decomposition on Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Municipal Solid Waste in Bioreactor Landfills

AbstractLaboratory and field-scale tests were conducted to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of fresh and degraded municipal solid waste (MSW) at multiple dry unit weights and voi...
The contested scales of indigenous and settler jurisdiction: Unist’ot’en struggles with Canadian pipeline governance

This paper argues that theorizing pipeline governance in Canada necessitates engaging with Indigenous modes of effecting jurisdiction over development. Focusing on the Unist’ot’en land defence agai...
Characteristics of Tropical Cyclone Genesis Forecasts and Underdispersion in High-Resolution Ensemble Forecasting with a Stochastic Kinetic Energy Backscatter Scheme

ABSTRACT This study evaluates ensemble forecasts with a stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme (SKEBS) to predict tropical cyclone (TC) genesis and also to characterize the related ensemble underdispersion. Several sets of ensemble forecasts are generated using an advanced research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model at 5 km horizontal resolution to predict the genesis of Hurricane Ernesto (2006) and Typhoon Nuri (2008). Ensemble forecasts with SKEBS are compared against a control ensemble forecast with the WRF model using downscaled initial conditions derived from the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecasting System. It is found that ensemble forecasts with SKEBS are able to generate probabilistic forecasts for TC genesis and also capable of indicating the forecast uncertainties. Compared with the deterministic forecast that fails to predict the genesis of Typhoon Nuri, the ensemble forecast with SKEBS is able to produce the genesis forecast. However, the underdispersion of ensemble forecasts with SKEBS is also present in all cases in terms of the simulation period and over the whole model domain, TC environment, and inner core regions, although it is reduced near the TC inner core region. In addition, the initial perturbation–based ensemble forecasts shows slightly less underdispersion compared with the SKEBS ensembles.
Ureteral Reconstruction using the DaVinci SP Robotic Platform: An Initial Case Series.

Background: As medical technology continues to advance, especially visualization and miniaturization, surgical intervention continues to become less invasive. Although initially seen with laparoscopy and multiport robotics, single-site surgery has been the focus for the past decade. Recently, a dedicated single-port operative robotic surgical system, DaVinci SP system, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration. We now report the results of our initial series of ureteral reconstructive procedures using this platform. Case Presentation: Three patients underwent robotic ureteral reconstructive procedures using the new single-port robotic system. A 62-year-old man with obstructive uropathy related to benign prostatic hypertrophy, relieved by a transurethral resection of the prostate, underwent bilateral ureteral reimplantation for functional ureteral obstruction. A 37-year-old woman with a history of hysterectomy had right flank pain and was found to have right hydroureteronephrosis down to the level of the right ovarian vein consistent with right ovarian vein syndrome. She underwent right ovarian vein clipping and ureterolysis. A 69-year-old woman with 1 year of right flank pain was found to have a ureteropelvic junction obstruction caused by a short atretic ureteral segment and underwent right pyeloplasty with stent placement. A flexible surgeon controlled suction system was used in the latter two cases. All procedures were completed without conversion to a multiport robotic system, laparoscopy, or open. No major complication or transfusions were required. All patients were discharged to home by postoperative day 2. Conclusion: Ureteral reconstructive procedures can be safely and effectively completed using the SP robotic surgical system. Flexible suction allows for near complete surgeon autonomy.
Modulating the mechanism of electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction by cobalt phthalocyanine through polymer coordination and encapsulation.

The selective and efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to single products is crucial for solar fuels development. Encapsulating molecular catalysts such as cobalt phthalocyanine within coordination polymers such as poly-4-vinylpyridine leads to dramatically increased activity and selectivity for CO2 reduction. In this study, we use a combination of kinetic isotope effect and proton inventory studies to explain the observed increase in activity and selectivity upon polymer encapsulation. We provide evidence that axial-coordination from the pyridyl moieties in poly-4-vinylpyridine to the cobalt phthalocyanine complex changes the rate-determining step in the CO2 reduction mechanism accounting for the increased activity in the catalyst-polymer composite. Moreover, we show that proton delivery to cobalt centers within the polymer is controlled by a proton relay mechanism that inhibits competitive hydrogen evolution. These mechanistic findings provide design strategies for selective CO2 reduction electrocatalysts and serve as a model for understanding the catalytic mechanism of related heterogeneous systems. Understanding the mechanism behind CO2 reduction catalysis is crucial in the development of high efficiency and activity catalysts. Here, authors employ kinetic isotope effects and proton inventory studies to assess catalyst mechanism and proton delivery in molecular CO2 electroreduction materials.
Use of Contrast-Enhanced Mammography in Breast Cancer Screening

Multiple randomized control trials have demonstrated that screening mammography reduces breast cancer mortality by approximately 30%. Mammography is relatively inexpensive and widely available. Unfortunately, its sensitivity is limited—particularly in high-risk women with dense breasts—falling from 70–85% to approximately 50%. Additionally, false-positive findings lead to anxiety, producing call backs and biopsies with benign results. Recently, digital breast tomosynthesis has been shown to slightly improve sensitivity and significantly reduce the number of call backs and false-positive biopsies. Supplemental imaging with screening ultrasound is also widely used to help detect cancers, finding approximately 3.5 additional cancers per 1000 women. The most sensitive examination, however, is contrast-enhanced breast MRI. This superior sensitivity is primarily related to its ability to image enhancement of neovascularity. In women at greater than 20% risk for developing cancer, yearly MRI in addition to mammography is the accepted standard of care. However, MRI is expensive and not consistently available enough to perform routine screening in a larger population of women including those at intermediate risk or those with dense breasts. Contrast-enhanced digital mammography has been developed to image enhancing neovascularity in a fashion like MRI, using iodinated contrast with an adapted digital mammography platform.
Searches for stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds

These lecture notes provide a brief introduction to methods used to search for a stochastic background of gravitational radiation---a superposition of gravitational-wave signals that are either too weak or too numerous to individually detect. The focus of these notes is on relevant data analysis techniques, not on the particular astrophysical or cosmological sources that are responsible for producing the background. The lecture notes are divided into two main parts: (i) an overview, consisting of a description of different types of gravitational-wave backgrounds and an introduction to the method of cross-correlating data from multiple detectors, which can be used to extract the signal from the noise; (ii) details, extending the previous discussion to non-trivial detector response, non-trivial overlap functions, and a recently proposed Bayesian method to search for the gravitational-wave background produced by stellar-mass binary black hole mergers throughout the universe. Suggested exercises for the reader are given throughout the text, and compiled in an appendix.
Nivolumab without brain radiotherapy is insufficient for the treatment of most patients with brain metastases from clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

In the article “Safety and Efficacy of Nivolumab in Brain Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results of the GETUG-AFU 26 NIVOREN Multicenter Phase II Study” (1), the authors investigated the anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, nivolumab, in patients with brain metastases from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). All patients developed progression of disease after previously receiving vascular endothelial growth factor-directed therapies. This highly valuable study adds important knowledge to our understanding of the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with brain metastases from RCC. Most published trials of immunotherapy for RCC have excluded patients with brain metastases. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study to investigate immunotherapy for brain metastases from RCC.
Supporting Literacy Development through Movement

The purpose of this article is to provide a rationale to encourage physical educators to rethink supporting literacy development in their classrooms.
Reappraising the Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria: A Case Series

Introduction Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS), a condition characterized by painful ophthalmoplegia and accompanied by cranial nerve palsies, remains as a diagnosis of exclusion. Nevertheless, the 3rd Edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) has refined its diagnostic criteria to require the demonstration of granulomatous inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging or biopsy. We sought to assess the effectiveness of the new criteria in arriving at accurate diagnoses. Methods We extracted all patient charts from our institution's electronic medical record associated with ICD-9 code 378.55 (external ophthalmoplegia). We then completed the retrospective diagnostic workups to determine if subjects met ICHD-3 criteria for THS and compared our findings with their final diagnoses. Results Of 62 patients associated with ICD-9 code 378.55, 10 (16%) was identified to have presenting symptoms concerning THS. The average age at the first onset of THS-like symptoms was 58 years. Five of the 10 (50%) met ICHD-3 criteria for THS. Two of the 5 (40%) meeting ICHD-3 criteria for THS were discovered to have other diagnoses. Two of the 5 (40%) patients not meeting ICHD-3 criteria for THS nevertheless received a final diagnosis of THS. Discussion Our false-negative rate of 40% is consistent with previous case series found in the literature. Our false-positive rate of 40% is, to our knowledge, a new contribution to the literature as no other case series includes more than a single false-positive. The false-positive rate is most concerning, as a preliminary misdiagnosis of THS can delay treatment tailored to the true etiology. Furthermore, infectious etiologies can be exacerbated with steroid treatment. Conclusion Our case series suggests that ICHD-3 criteria are suboptimal for the accurate diagnosis of THS. We recommend a close follow-up for all patients with symptoms concerning THS until a definitive responsible etiology is discovered and we encourage further studies assessing ICHD-3 guidelines to optimize their sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of THS.
A new approach for Multi junction solar cells from off the shelf individual cells: GaAs/Si

We present a low temperature and low pressure approach to multijunction solar cell fabrication combining the high efficiency multi-junction concept with the low cost of thin film technology in one solar cell structure. The intermetallic bonding approach presented bonds indium metal covering metal contacts of the respective solar cells. This approach avoids lattice mismatch and tunnel junction limitations in connecting solar cells of any material and permits bonding of commercial off the shelf devices or textured surfaces. A two or three terminal GaAs/Si multijunction solar cell bonded using this approach is demonstrated using an off the shelf Si solar cell.
3.23 – Corrosion of Metal Matrix Composites

Metal–matrix composites (MMCs) are metals that are reinforced with fibers or particles to improve or tailor properties such as stiffness, strength, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, friction, and wear resistance. MMCs are generally more prone to corrosion in comparison to their monolithic matrix alloys. Reinforcement particles or fibers may interact electrochemically, chemically, or physically with the matrix leading to various degradation problems. Corrosion problems can also be linked to processing. An overview of the mechanisms and phenomena affecting MMC corrosion is presented. Corrosion of some types of MMCs exposed to various environments is also discussed.
Efficient Least Squares for Estimating Total Effects under Linearity and Causal Sufficiency.

Recursive linear structural equation models are widely used to postulate causal mechanisms underlying observational data. In these models, each variable equals a linear combination of a subset of the remaining variables plus an error term. When there is no unobserved confounding or selection bias, the error terms are assumed to be independent. We consider estimating a total causal effect in this setting. The causal structure is assumed to be known only up to a maximally oriented partially directed acyclic graph (MPDAG), a general class of graphs that can represent a Markov equivalence class of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) with added background knowledge. We propose a simple estimator based on recursive least squares, which can consistently estimate any identified total causal effect, under point or joint intervention. We show that this estimator is the most efficient among all regular estimators that are based on the sample covariance, which includes covariate adjustment and the estimators employed by the joint-IDA algorithm. Notably, our result holds without assuming Gaussian errors.
Sleep and neurobehavioral functioning in survivors of pediatric cancer

Abstract Objectives Sleep problems are a common late effect in survivors of pediatric cancer. Growing literature suggests deficits in sleep functioning may be related to more impairing neurobehavioral outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of parent reported sleep concerns in survivors of pediatric cancer, as well as evaluate the relationship between sleep and neurobehavioral functioning utilizing both parent and teacher input. Methods The study included parent-teacher dyads of 75 survivors of pediatric cancer between the ages of six and 17 who completed a clinical neuropsychological evaluation with embedded measures of neurobehavioral functioning and sleep, including excessive daytime sleepiness and snoring. Bivariate correlations and multiple linear regressions were conducted to evaluate the relationship between sleep and neurobehavioral functioning. Results No significant difference in parent reported sleep concerns was found with regard to demographic, diagnostic, or treatment variables. Daytime sleepiness was significantly elevated for 28% of the sample; snoring was not identified as a significant concern. Daytime sleepiness was significantly associated with worse neurobehavioral outcomes as reported by parents and teachers, including inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, peer difficulties, anxiety, depression, somatic complaints, and aggressive behaviors. Daytime sleepiness was not significantly related to report of learning problems. Conclusions Results further support that daytime sleepiness, as reported by parents, impacts approximately one third of survivors of pediatric cancer and is associated with worse neurobehavioral outcomes across home and school environments. As a result, it is vital that sleep functioning is a target of assessment in annual survivorship care. Future longitudinal studies are needed to further delineate the directionality of the sleep–neurobehavioral relationship in survivors.
Managing COVID-19: Legal and Institutional Issues

The spread of the recent pandemic, COVID-19 – which began in Wuhan, in December of 2019 – has created an unprecedented impact on public health in the United States and across the world. As of August 2021, the United States reported over 36 million infection cases and nearly 620,000 deaths. Those cases represent over 17 percent of the reported infection cases in the world whereas the population of the United States is less than four percent of the world population. The United States has not been successful in managing this pandemic and stopping its spread effectively even though it has the largest medical, financial, and administrative resources in the world. This article analyzes the legal and institutional causes of this failure and explores possible remedies in three areas: provision of public healthcare to combat the pandemic; the regulation of public conduct to prevent the spread of the pandemic; and public access to information. The article also calls for a new approach; it explains why a law and development approach is relevant and applies the General Theory of Law and Development to assess the proposed remedies. The article advocates law and institutions as a remedy to fill the gaps created by ineffective political leadership in the management of COVID-19.
Psychological and Socioeconomic Outcomes Among Directed and Non-directed Living Kidney Donors

Non-directed living kidney donors (NDDs) are unique from the traditional directed living donors in terms of the circumstances that led NDDs to undergo a donation. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and discuss key similarities, differences, and existing gaps in the literature comparing their kidney donation process experiences and post-donation outcomes among directed and non-directed donors. A total of eight recent studies were reviewed as part of this study. These studies provided insights into the socioeconomic, physical, and mental health outcomes experienced by NDDs and directed donors throughout the various stages of the evaluation and donation process. Among the studies, NDDs were generally not found to demonstrate having substantial differences as compared to the traditional directed donor within the realms of physical and psychosocial health outcomes post-donation. However, NDDs did have fewer financial burdens as compared to directed donors, which may be related to the differences in demographic characteristics and the limited study sample sizes. Recent evidence on outcomes among non-directed living donors as compared with directed donors should inform efforts to enhance the evaluation and post-donation experiences for this special population. While future studies remain warranted, the current literature signals that further improvements can be made by revisiting the current evaluation screening protocols for living kidney donation as well as the donation system’s infrastructure to help yield enhanced outcomes and experiences among both directed and non-directed donors.
A panel analysis of groundwater use in California

Abstract Groundwater is a relevant source of drinking and agricultural water in many regions of the world, but many aquifers have been unsustainably over-drafted and polluted. This has significant environmental, health, and economic implications. We rely on panel analysis, with small-sample corrections for cluster-robust variance estimation and hypothesis testing, to investigate the dynamics of groundwater extraction. We focus on California, yet our approach could be helpful to analyze the dynamics of groundwater extraction in other groundwater-reliant regions of the world. In California, over-reliance on groundwater has led to significant overdraft, affecting long-term water supply reliability and groundwater pumping costs. It further caused subsidence and infrastructure damage, harmed groundwater-dependent ecosystems, and threatened the sustainability of groundwater resources in the state. We use panel data of the 56 California Water Plan planning areas over the 1998–2015 period. We concentrate on agricultural and urban water use and the major water projects in the state, to provide a better understanding of the relationships between groundwater extraction and water use and supply. Results suggest that reducing agricultural water in Central California and urban water in Southern California could reduce groundwater extraction in these regions by approximately the same amount of the reduced water. Other opportunities to reduce the stress on the groundwater resources in the state are available for other regions, yet with lower benefits. Results also suggest that a decrease in deliveries from the Central Valley Project to the southern part of the Central Valley would increase groundwater extraction by approximately the same proportion. Changes in deliveries from the major water projects in the state, as well as from other sources of surface water, would also have some, yet lower impacts on groundwater extraction in the Central and Southern California.
Callous-Unemotional Traits Trajectories Interact with Earlier Conduct Problems and Executive Control to Predict Violence and Substance Use Among High Risk Male Adolescents

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits, conduct problems (CP), and deficits in executive control are all linked to the development of more severe antisocial behavior, including violence and substance use. Though previous research has examined the impact of these factors on antisocial outcomes, little work has examined trajectories of CU traits across adolescence and how these trajectories predict greater antisocial behavior in adulthood. Moreover, no study has assessed how severity of early CP and executive control may exacerbate these pathways and increase risk for later violence and substance use. The current study (a) identified trajectories of CU traits among a large, high-risk sample of adolescent males, (b) examined the relationship between CU traits trajectories and future violence and substance use, and (c) examined whether early CP and executive control moderated the effects of a high CU traits trajectory membership and high CP on violence and substance use. Results indicated that: (a) CU traits could be grouped into three stable trajectories across adolescence, (b) the ‘high’ CU traits trajectory, particularly in the presence of ‘elevated’ CP, was related to higher violence and substance use, over and above a variety of environmental risk factors, and (c) the effects the ‘high’ CU traits trajectory on both violence and substance and in the presence of ‘elevated’ CP was stronger among youth with high executive control. These findings highlight the utility of identifying subgroups of youth who differ on trajectories of CU traits for understanding the development and maintenance of severe antisocial behavior.
Recurrent Cancer of the Ovary: Surgical Treatment

With the increased use of a radical surgical attack on cancer of the cervix during the 1940s, the same approach was attempted when recurrent ovarian cancer was present. There are ten indications for a radical surgical attack on carcinoma of the ovary.
Corporate Inversions and Hopscotch Loans: The Remaining Loopholes Outnumber the Restrictions

An examination of IRS Notice 2014-52 and how it limits “hopscotch transactions” that avoid U.S. tax on foreign earnings, and points out the range of transactions that won't be affected under its terms. The hopscotch loophole isn't used only by U.S. corporations that engage in corporate inversions as defined by tax code Section 7874, although those transactions are the ones targeted by the notice. The acquisition of a US corporation with foreign subsidiaries by a foreign corporation permits the use of Hopscotch loans to avoid US taxation, and these may be done by foreign purchasers, private equity transactions with foreign parent vehicles, and other transactions. The IRS has authority to issue regulations with a broader reach.
Computer-assisted creation of 3D models of freeway interchanges

Several existing procedural modeling systems are able to generate large 3D models of cities. However, none of these systems can automatically create 3D models of freeways and freeway interchanges, even though these are important features in 3D urban landscape. We have implemented a system that automatically creates 3D models of road surfaces, bridges, tunnels, freeways, and freeway interchanges, taking user design and preferences into account. While we allow the graphics designers to control the positions of the control points according to their aesthetic appeal, our system automatically generates 3D models of road surfaces and freeway connector ramps that are properly smoothed, banked and connected.
Determinants of Market Rent

Recent empirical work has investigated substantial lists of factors that have been employed to explain market rents for residential income property. These factors range from physical attributes to ...
Coating of Fibers by Colloidal Techniques in Ceramic Composites

A process of coating silicon carbide fibers with alumina particulates for control of interface characteristics in the sintering of fiber-reinforced composites is described. The process is based on colloidal slurry processing techniques, in which the fibers are allowed to take up a positive surface charge, while the alumina particles are imparted a negative surface charge. When the oppositely charged fibers and particles are brought together, the particles deposit on the surface of the fibers. Some unique features of the process, as well as characteristics of the resultant coating are described. Process variables of the coating technique that control the coating morphology, thickness, and adherence to the fiber are examined. 8 refs.
Studies on the mechanism of action of cyanate in sickle cell disease. Oxygen affinity and gelling properties of hemoglobin S carbamylated on specific chains.

Abstract Tetramers of hemoglobin S carbamylated on the NH2-terminal residues of the α chains (α2cβ2), the β chains (α2β2c), or both chains (α2cβ2c) have been prepared. For this purpose carbamylation was carried out with deoxyhemoglobin to yield a product that was completely modified at the NH2-terminal residues and minimally carbamylated at lysine residues. The carbamylated α or β chains, separated and purified as the p-hydroxymercuribenzoate derivatives by ion exchange chromatography, were recombined with equimolar amounts of the carbamylated or the uncarbamylated p-hydroxymercuribenzoate chains in the presence of a 300- fold-excess of 2-mercaptoethanol at 4° to give a quantitative yield of hybrid hemoglobin tetramer; regeneration of the —SH groups prior to mixing was not necessary. Each hybrid gave a single band on gel electrophoresis and showed normal SH reactivity upon titration with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. The log p50 values of the samples (0.2 mm in heme, and free of organic phosphates), in 0.1 m Tris-Cl (total Cl-, -0.1 m), pH 7.4, and 25°, were 0.35, 0.41, 0.59, 0.61, and 0.68 for α2cβ2, α2cβ2c, hybrid α2β2, native α2β2 and α2β2c, respectively. Hill coefficients for the samples were between 2.6 and 3.1. The minimum gelling concentrations at 25° for deoxygenated α2cβ2, α2cβ2, hybrid α2β2, native α2β2c were 23.5, 29.1, 23.9, 24.1, and 29.4 g per 100 ml, respectively. These results show that carbamylation of the α chains increases the oxygen affinity but does not affect the minimum gelling concentration of hemoglobin S. Complete carbamylation of the β chains decreases the oxygen affinity and leads to an increased minimum gelling concentration. As previously reported for patients on oral cyanate therapy at low levels of carbamylation, the α chain is carbamylated almost twice as much as the β chain in vivo and the oxygen affinity of their red cells is increased. These results, taken together with the present finding that the increase in the minimum gelling concentration of α2cβ2c is modest, suggest that the inhibition of cell sickling by cyanate in vivo is mediated primarily through the increased oxygen affinity of carbamylated hemoglobin S.
The Role of Drosophila in Chemical Mutagenesis Testing

An important question facing our society is the impact of numerous chemical insults on the health of man and his environment. Faced with a staggering array of chemicals and enormous testing costs, we can test only a few chemicals for possible carcinogenic effects. Recent results with the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenesis assay developed by Ames (2), demonstrating a striking correlation between carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of many chemical compounds, offer the possibility that mutagenesis assay systems can provide a quick identification of potential carcinogens. Results from microbial assays can serve as a guideline for further mutagenesis testing as well as identify those compounds requiring more extensive analysis in mammalian systems.
Sub-Tg relaxations in heavy metal fluoride glasses

Structural relaxation studies during annealing of a series of ZrF4-based glasses below the glass transition temperature have been carried out. Indications are that no property changes due to structural relaxation are likely to occur at ambient temperature over periods of tens of years. Some of the lower Tg glasses, however, did exhibit detectable structural relaxation on annealing at temperatures as low as 100°C over roughly a one year time period.
FLUORINATED PYRIMIDINE THERAPY OF ADVANCED GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER.

Summary The fluorinated pyrimidines are capable of producing significant but limited regressions in a small proportion of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. No significant difference in regression rates was noted among the major types of gastrointestinal cancer. Frequent toxic reactions to therapy included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, esophagopharyngitis, dermatitis, alopecia, and leukopenia. 5-Fluorouracil was decidedly less toxic when administered by a slow intravenous infusion than when given by rapid intravenous injection; its effectiveness in inducing objective regressions in patients with advanced carcinoma of the large bowel was greater when administered by the rapid intravenous method. The optimal regression rate with 5-fluorouracil seems to be achieved by treating to the point of mild to moderate drug toxicity. Treatment seems to be more successful in patients with malignant neoplasms of a high degree of anaplasia and patients with hepatic metastasis. Preliminary observations suggest that 5-FUDR holds some therapeutic advantage over 5-fluorouracil both in relation to the severity of leukopenia accompanying therapy and in relation to the rate of objective regressions obtained. This apparent advantage of 5-FUDR must be confirmed by further observations.
The Literature of World War I and Conflicting Female Identities

Paper presented at the conference 'Literary Histories and the Development of Identities' sponsored by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada involving members of the I.C.L.A. Coordinating Committee at Queen's University, Canada, in the Fall of 2001.
Oxidative Stress Modulates PPARγ in Vascular Endothelial Cells

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) plays an important role in vascular regulation. However, the impact of oxidative stress on PPAR gamma expression and activity has not been clearly defined. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to graded concentrations of H(2)O(2) for 0.5-72h, or bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were exposed to alterations in extracellular thiol/disulfide redox potential (E(h)) of the cysteine/cystine couple. Within 2h, H(2)O(2) reduced HUVEC PPAR gamma mRNA and activity and reduced the expression of two PPAR gamma-regulated genes without altering PPAR gamma protein levels. After 4h H(2)O(2) exposure, mRNA levels remained reduced, whereas PPAR gamma activity returned to control levels. PPAR gamma mRNA levels remained depressed for up to 72 h after exposure to H(2)O(2), without any change in PPAR gamma activity. Catalase prevented H(2)O(2)-induced reductions in PPAR gamma mRNA and activity. H(2)O(2) (1) reduced luciferase expression in HUVECs transiently transfected with a human PPAR gamma promoter reporter, (2) failed to alter PPAR gamma mRNA half-life, and (3) transiently increased expression and activity of c-Fos and phospho-c-Jun. Treatment with the AP1 inhibitor curcumin prevented H(2)O(2)-mediated reductions in PPAR gamma expression. In addition, medium having an oxidized E(h) reduced BAEC PPAR gamma mRNA and activity. These findings demonstrate that oxidative stress, potentially through activation of inhibitory redox-regulated transcription factors, attenuates PPAR gamma expression and activity in vascular endothelial cells through suppression of PPAR gamma transcription.
Polarons in acetanilide.

The best available data are presented of the integrated intensity of the 1650-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ band in crystalline acetanilide as a function of temperature. A concise theory of polaron states is presented and used to interpret the data.
Ontogenesis of peptide-histidine-isoleucine (PHI)-containing neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the rat.

Abstract The morphologic and ontogenetic changes in PHI (peptide-histidine-isoleucine)-containing neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the rat were studied using immunohistochemistry. PHI immunoreactivity first appeared in neural perikarya and processes as early as day 18 of gestation, long before they became evident (day 10 postnatally) in other brain structures. PHI neurons in the SCN were initially small and exhibited faint staining. They gradually increased in number during fetal life, and were found throughout this nucleus by day 21. After birth, they rapidly increased in number and staining intensity. In the 20-day-old rat, PHI-containing perikarya were concentrated in the ventral and medial aspects of the SCN while fibers were located primarily within the dorsal and caudal portions, as in the adult rat. These findings suggest that PHI exerts a physiological role in the developing SCN.
Source Terms in a Third-Generation Wind Wave Model

Abstract A new third-generation ocean wind wave model is presented. This model is based on previously developed input and nonlinear interaction source terms and a new dissipation source term. It is argued that the dissipation source term has to be modeled using two explicit constituents. A low-frequency dissipation term analogous to wave energy loss due to oceanic turbulence is therefore augmented with a diagnostic high-frequency dissipation term. The dissipation is tuned for the model to represent idealized fetch-limited growth behavior. The new model results in excellent growth behavior from extremely short fetches up to full development. For intermediate to long fetches results are similar to those of WAM, but for extremely short fetches the present model presents a significant improvement (although the poor behavior of WAM appears to be related to correctable numerical constraints). The new model furthermore gives smoother results and appears less sensitive to numerical errors. Finally, limitations of...
Postural tachycardia syndrome: Time frequency mapping

Orthostatic tachycardia is common but its specificity remains uncertain. Our preliminary work suggested that using autonomic function testing in conjunction with time-frequency mapping (TFM), it might be possible to characterize a subset of the postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), that is due to a restricted autonomic neuropathy. We describe 20 patients (17 women and 3 men, aged 14-43 years) with florid POTS and 20 controls (14 women and 6 men, aged 20-41 years). Autonomic failure was quantified by its distribution (cardiovagal, adrenergic and sudomotor) and severity, a symptom profile was generated, and spectral indices, based on modified Wigner distribution during rest and head-up tilt (80 degrees) were evaluated. During tilt-up POTS patients differed from controls by an excessive heart rate (> 130 bpm) (P < 0.001), and higher diastolic pressure (P < 0.01). During rest, cardiovagal oscillations (at respiratory frequencies [RF]) and slow rhythms at nonrespiratory frequencies (NONRF) (from 0.01 to 0.07 Hz) in R-R intervals (RRI) (P < 0.01) were reduced. Both RF and NONRF rhythms in RRI were further blunted with tilt-up (P < 0.001). Slow adrenergic vasomotor rhythms in blood pressure (BP) (approximately 0.07 Hz) surged with tilt-up and returned to normal levels afterwards. The index of sympatho-vagal balance (NONRF-Systolic BP (SBP)/RF-RRI) was dramatically increased in POTS (P < 0.001). Distal postganglionic sudomotor failure was observed, and impairment of the BP responses to the Valsalva maneuver (phase II) suggested peripheral adrenergic dysfunction. Persistent orthostatic dizziness, tiredness, gastrointestinal symptoms and palpitations were common in POTS patients. It is possible to identify a subset of POTS patients who have a length-dependent autonomic neuropathy, affecting the peripheral adrenergic and cardiovagal fibers, with relative preservation of cardiac adrenergic fibers.
Connecting single molecule electrical measurements to ensemble spectroscopic properties for quantification of single-walled carbon nanotube separation.

We directly compared ensemble spectroscopic measurements to a statistically rigorous single molecule electrical characterization of individual SWNT devices using a high throughput electrical probe station and reported, for the first time, a highly accurate extinction coefficient ratio for metallic to semiconducting SWNTs of 0.352 ± 0.009. The systematic counting of metallic and semiconducting types from solution also allows us to examine the variances associated with device properties and therefore provide the first measure of potential defect generation during processing methods.
Decay of information in short-term memory

Self-paced recall in Broadbent9s simultaneous listening task shows particular temporal patterns associated with report strategies. Accuracy is a decreasing function of the interval between presentation and report of an item, irrespective of report strategy. Results are related to an interaction between strategies of response selection and decay of information from memory.
Personal Information Sharing with Major User Concerns in the Online B2C Market: A Social Contract Theory Perspective

The cyber world has seen growth in the online business over the past two decades and e-commerce continues to expand. Moreover it has brought ease and comfort in the lives of the people and now there is no distinction of states and regions. Mainstream people can buy anything from anywhere in the world through web-platforms such as Amazon.com, thus enhancing e-commerce. However, the major concern that arises is the security apprehension. This research paper studies the willingness of the online shopper to disclose personal information. The study will use a conceptual model to examine customers' online activities and how variables such as user trust, knowledge sharing behavior, and loyalty intentions influence users' privacy concerns, and further moderated by one's perceived environmental security in the B2C Internet market. Social Contract Theory (SCT) will be used to analyze the issue in the behavioral perspective, based on the human obligations towards one another and on the state as the supreme authority that establishes the principles that maintain the balance of a society.
Healing of the medial collateral ligament following a triad injury : a biomechanical and histological study of the knee in rabbits

The effect of a partial medial meniscectomy and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection on medial collateral ligament (MCL) healing was studied in skeletally mature rabbits. Two groups of animals, group I (isolated MCL rupture) and group II (MCL rupture with ACL transection and partial medial meniscectomy), were examined. At 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively, histological examination of the healing MCL and biomechanical evaluation of the varus-valgus (V-V) knee rotation and tensile properties of the femur-MCL-tibia complex (FMTC) were performed. Group II animals experienced substantial joint degeneration by 6 weeks. Progressive osteophyte formation was observed adjacent to the MCL insertions along with proximal migration of the MCL tibial insertion between 6 and 12 weeks. Histologic examination of the healing MCL substance from both groups showed disorganized collagen, inflammation, and fibroblast proliferation that decreased over time. For group II knees, the V-V knee rotation was found to be significantly elevated (4.7 to 5.2 times the contralateral control), and did not decrease with time. In contrast, the V-V knee rotations of the group I specimens were 1.8 times greater than control immediately following injury, and approached control values by 12 weeks. Tensile testing of the FMTCs revealed that the ultimate load increased with time for both groups, but group I had significantly higher values than group II. The linear stiffness in group I was not different than that group II and did not increase with time. For the mechanical (material) properties of the healed MCL substance, the modulus of the healing tissue for group II was only 40% that of group I. The structural properties of the FMTC and the mechanical properties of the MCL substance from both groups at 6 and 12 weeks were significantly different from the contralateral controls. We further demonstrated that immediately after ACL reconstruction, the V-V rotation of group II knees could be restored to group I levels. Recent clinical studies of MCL healing following isolated complete ligament tears have suggested that nonoperative management without immobilization leads to excellent treatment outcome. However, in more severe injuries involving additional tissues, poor quality of the healed ligament tissue and articular degeneration are observed. Our results demonstrate the deleterious effects of an untreated triad injury on the healing of the MCL substance and its insertions. Examination of the MCL substance suggests that a much larger healing mass is formed following a triad injury, which partially compensates for inferior ligament mechanical properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ultrafast experiments on electron transfer

This paper describes new ultrafast fluorescence measurements on the excited state dynamics of polar molecules in polar solvents. Two processes are studied, excited state solvation dynamics and excited state intramolecular electron transfer.
Chimera and phase-cluster states in populations of coupled chemical oscillators

Chimera states describing the stable coexistence of synchronous and incoherent dynamics have so far only been realized numerically. An experimental demonstration of these states in a network of discrete chemical oscillators reveals behaviour that differs from that predicted by existing phase-oscillator models.
The influence of asymmetric bargaining power, mutual hostages and task characteristics on the governance structure of cross-border technology alliances

Most studies of governance modes in cross border technology alliances treat contractual alliance forms and equity joint ventures as substitutes. Our sample allows us to explore when firms are likely to adopt licensing agreements without equity arrangements, in contrast to hybrid alliances that use equity joint ventures and licensing agreements together. Findings for our data provide little support for often repeated – and yet seldom tested – hypothesis that equity joint ventures may be formed to serve as a 'mutual hostage' for alliance participants, because of the fear of partner opportunism and its consequences. Rather, our findings point more strongly in favour of equity-based alliances being formed when the primary technology holder has stronger bargaining power, when patents are of importance, and when the strategic objectives of the alliance envisage future technology transfers.
Accurate modeling of nuclear-medicine collimators in Monte Carlo simulation of high-energy photons

Abstract Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of nuclear medicine imaging is more difficult for procedures employing 131I than for those using 99mTc because of the higher probability of collimator penetration for the higher-energy 131I gamma. Additionally, an accurate model of the imaging camera must also simulate the scattering and penetration of photons emitted above the 364 keV photo peak (637 keV (6.5%) and 723 keV (1.7%)). Most MC codes used in nuclear medicine either employ severe approximations of the collimator interactions or have not been extended to higher energies. The MC program SKEPTIC, which has previously been used to simulate slit aperture penetration of 511 keV gammas, has been modified to permit modeling of parallel hole collimators. We present here a comparison of measured and simulated energy spectra and point spread functions for 131I.
Serotonin receptors in platelets of bipolar and schizoaffective patients: effect of lithium treatment

Rationale Abnormalities of serotonin (5HT) function have been implicated in mood disorders, and lithium treatment may produce its beneficial effects by modifying serotonergic mechanisms. It has also been observed that 5HT2A receptors are upregulated both in the postmortem brain and platelets of patients with depression and suicidal behavior. However, the role of 5HT2A receptors in bipolar disorders and in the mechanism of action of lithium is unclear.
The role of murine cell surface galactosyltransferase in trophoblast: Laminin interactions in vitro

Abstract Implantation of the mouse embryo involves the invasion of the secondary trophoblast giant cells of the ectoplacental cone (EPC) into the uterine decidua. The mechanisms of this event are poorly understood. The putative substrate molecules found in the decidua which could support trophoblast invasion include laminin, fibronectin, and collagen type IV. EPCs dissected from Day 7.5 embryos were cultured on all three matrices. Galactosyltransferase (GalTase) was localized by immunolabeling on trophoblast cell surfaces when grown on laminin but not the other matrices. Perturbations of the enzyme:substrate complex with α-lactalbumin, uridine diphosphogalactose, anti-GalTase, and pregalactosylation of the matrix did not affect rates of EPC attachment. However, decreased rates of migration or altered morphologies of spreading cells were observed. Laminin, and not fibronectin or collagen type IV, could be galactosylated with both exogenous GalTase or EPC outgrowths. Digests of galactosylated laminin produced a glycoconjugate substrate with a molecular weight of