cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of reduction and oxidation reactions on oxidized or reduced Pt supported on γ-Al2O3

The integral enthalpies of H2 or O2 reactions with oxidized or reduced Pt supported on γ Al2O3 have been measured in a dual calorimeter at 60 ° C. These enthalpies were calculated assuming the formation of PtxsO and PtsH surface groups and using accepted values of heat of H2 and O2 chemisorption on bare polycrystalline Pt. The calculated and measured reaction enthalpies agree under the following conditions: 1) Pt2O and Pt2sO surface stoichiometries are acceptable (1 ⩽ x ⩽ 2) whereas Pt2O2 must be rejected (x = 0.5); 2) the water formed in the reduction or oxidation process must be dissociatively chemisorbed on the γ Al2O3 surface; 3) the spiltover hydrogen is atomic and its enthalpy of combination with surface electron deficient site is about -10 kcal/g atom.
Subaltern Bodies and Nationalist Physiques: Gama the Great and the Heroics of Indian Wrestling

Born into a poor, Muslim family at the end of the 19th century, Gama became World Champion wrestler by defeating the reigning Polish champion in London in 1910. By focusing on the life of Gama, the heroic representations of Gama that appear in the Hindi language literature, and the transformations in wrestling regimens that have occurred over the past several centuries, I locate the discourse and practice of wrestling within a context of intersecting concerns with nationalism, class identity and embodied consciousness. To articulate the way in which subaltern identity is embodied in relation to nationalist ideas about masculine fitness, and in relation to the state as a political institution, I provide an analytic interpretation of the heroic body that focuses on themes of nervousness and obsession.
The Molecular Biology of West Nile Virus: A New Invader of the Western Hemisphere

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that primarily infects birds but occasionally also infects humans and horses. In recent years, the frequency of WNV outbreaks in humans has increased, and these outbreaks have been associated with a higher incidence of severe disease. In 1999, the geographical distribution of WNV expanded to the Western hemisphere. WNV has a positive strand RNA genome of about 11 kb that encodes a single polyprotein. WNV replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Although there are still many questions to be answered, a large body of data on the molecular biology of WNV and other flaviviruses has already been obtained. Aspects of virion structure, the viral replication cycle, viral protein function, genome structure, conserved viral elements, host factors, virus-host interactions, and vaccines are discussed in this review.
Calibration and characterization of self-powered floating-gate sensor arrays for long-term fatigue monitoring

Measurement of cumulative loading statistics experienced by a structure is essential for monitoring long-term fatigue in biomechanical implants. However, the total power that can be harvested using typical in-vivo strain levels is less than 1 muW. In this paper we characterize the performance of a silicon floating-gate injector array that can be used in conjunction with a piezoelectric transducer to facilitate long- term, battery-less fatigue monitoring. Measured results from a fabricated prototype in a 0.5 mum CMOS process demonstrate that device can sense, compute and store loading statistics for over 70,000 of continuous simulated stress-strain cycles and this value can be increased beyond 107 by appropriate scaling of the system parameters. The measured results also show excellent agreement with its theoretical model and the nominal power dissipation of the array was measured to be less than 800 nW.
Acoustic signatures in the primary microwave background bispectrum

If the primordial fluctuations are non-Gaussian, then this non-Gaussianity will be apparent in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) sky. With their sensitive all-sky observation, MAP and Planck satellites should be able to detect weak non-Gaussianity in the CMB sky. On a large angular scale, there is a simple relationship between the CMB temperature and the primordial curvature perturbation: $\ensuremath{\Delta}T/T=\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\Phi}/3.$ On smaller scales, however, the radiation transfer function becomes more complex. In this paper, we present the angular bispectrum of the primary CMB anisotropy that uses the full transfer function. We find that the bispectrum has a series of acoustic peaks that change a sign and a period of acoustic oscillations is twice as long as that of the angular power spectrum. Using a single non-linear coupling parameter to characterize the amplitude of the bispectrum, we estimate the expected signal-to-noise ratio for COBE, MAP, and Planck experiments. In order to detect the primary CMB bispectrum by each experiment, we find that the coupling parameter should be larger than 600, 20, and 5 for COBE, MAP, and Planck experiments, respectively. Even for the ideal noise-free and infinitesimal thin-beam experiment, the parameter should be larger than 3. We have included effects from the cosmic variance, detector noise, and foreground sources in the signal-to-noise estimation. Since the simple inflationary scenarios predict that the parameter is an order of 0.01, the detection of the primary bispectrum by any kind of experiments should be problematic for those scenarios. We compare the sensitivity of the primary bispectrum to the primary skewness and conclude that, when we can compute the predicted form of the bispectrum, it becomes a ``matched filter'' for detecting the non-Gaussianity in the data and a much more powerful tool than the skewness. For example, we need the coupling parameter of larger than 800, 80, 70, and 60 for each relevant experiment in order to detect the primary skewness. We also show that MAP and Planck can separate the primary bispectrum from various secondary bispectra on the basis of the shape difference. The primary CMB bispectrum is a test of the inflationary scenario and also a probe of the non-linear physics in the very early universe.
Estimation of cell size and DNA content in fossil fishes and amphibians

Genome size (cellular DNA contents) in living and fossil amphibians and their ancestors among the fossil lobe-finned fishes are estimated indirectly through measurement of cell size, following procedures previously established in a study of evolutionary changes in the genome size of lungfishes. It is concluded that large DNA contents per cell arose several times independently within the Amphibia; that the ancestral lobe-finned fishes and the early amphibians and reptiles all had small cell size and low DNA contents (5 –10 pg/nucleus). There is no evidence that an increase in genome size is a causal factor in major evolutionary change, rather it occurs in the end members of lineages.
Outcomes of Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery

Since the 1990s, endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas has increased in popularity. Outcomes of endoscopic surgery for clinically secretory adenomas are favorable, and results for nonfunctional tumors reveal high rates of complete resection, improvements in vision, and low rates of complications. This article discusses some of the recent studies reporting outcomes from endoscopic series for Cushing disease, acromegaly, prolactin-secreting tumors, and nonfunctioning macroadenomas.
Producing No-Till Cereal or Corn following Alfalfa on Furrow-Irrigated Land

Improved cropping systems are needed to reduce production inputs, increase production efficiency, protect water quality, and reduce soil erosion on furrow-irrigated land. Five field studies were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of producing cereal or corn (Zea Mays L.) without tillage following alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on furrow-irrigated land. The primary purposes of these studies were to reduce tillage costs and use N that becomes available through decomposition and mineralization following killing of alfalfa. Results demonstrated that no-till crops can be successfully irrigated with a high degree of water application uniformity, and with less water than for traditionally tilled crops. Production costs were lower resulting in higher net income for the no-till produced crops in all studies. Corn can be produced successfully with all of its required N being supplied from the decomposing alfalfa roots and nodules. The rate at which NO3–N is formed from this source parallels the N-requirements of corn. All of the N requirements for cereals can be supplied from the alfalfa source if the alfalfa is killed in the early fall so that there will be ample time at soil temperatures sufficiently high to permit some accumulation of NO3–N in the soil before the rapid N uptake period required by cereals. If this regime is not followed, cereals may need to be supplemented with added N to assure adequacy. The use of N by corn or cereal following alfalfa reduces the potential for nitrate leaching as compared to conditions when low N requiring crops are grown after alfalfa.
Elucidation of the crystal growth mechanism of melamine-cyanuric acid by using real time in situatomic force microscopy

Real time in situatomic force microscopy in aqueous media of melamine–cyanuric acid crystals, grown by hydrothermal methods, permitted unambiguous assignment of the crystal growth modes at the microscopic level, revealing that hydrophobic interactions between two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded planar sheets play a dominant role in the crystal growth of this material, which has been shown to cause renal failure.
Strategies for effective feedback.

Provision of regular feedback to trainees on clinical performance by supervising providers is increasingly recognized as an essential component of undergraduate and graduate health sciences education; however, many individuals have not been formally trained in this pedagogical skill. At the bedside or in the clinic, effective performance feedback can be accomplished by following four key steps. Begin by setting expectations that incorporate the trainee’s personal goals and external objectives. Delineate how and when you will provide feedback to the learner. Next, directly observe the trainee’s performance. This can be challenging while engaged on a busy clinical service, but a focus on discrete activities or interactions (e.g., family meeting, intravascular volume assessment using bedside ultrasound, or obtaining informed consent) is helpful. The third step is to plan and prioritize the feedback session. Feedback is most effective when given in a timely fashion and delivered in a safe environment. Limit t...
Motivational Enhancement System for Adherence (MESA): Pilot Randomized Trial of a Brief Computer-Delivered Prevention Intervention for Youth Initiating Antiretroviral Treatment

Objective To pilot test a two-session computer-delivered motivational intervention to facilitate adherence among youth with HIV newly prescribed antiretroviral treatment (ART). Methods Youth (N = 76) newly prescribed ART were recruited from 8 sites, and were randomized to the intervention or an active nutrition and physical activity control. Primary outcomes were HIV-1 viral load at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, and self-reported adherence at 3 and 6 months. Results Satisfaction ratings were high. Effect sizes suggested that the intervention group showed a greater drop than controls in viral load from baseline to 6 months (Cohen’s d = 0.39 at 3 months; d = 0.19 at 6 months), and had greater percent undetectable by 6 months (d = 0.28). Effects sizes were medium to large for 7-day and weekend adherence. Conclusions A brief computer-delivered motivational intervention showed promise for youth starting ART and is ready to be tested in a full-scale clinical trial.
DETERMINING KINETIC PARAMETERS FOR THERMAL INACTIVATION OF HEATRESISTANT AND HEAT‐ LABILE ISOZYMES FROM THERMAL DESTRUCTION CURVES

A simple method is proposed to analyze the kinetics of thermal inactivation of enzyme systems which consist of two groups differing in their thermal stability. Using this approach kinetic parameters for thermal destruction for each fraction (the heat labile and heat resistant fraction) can be estimated directly from thermal treatment data. However, to determine the relative concentration of the fractions within the enzyme system, additional information concerning the enzyme assay used to determine enzyme activity is required. Commercially available horseradish peroxidase was used to test the applicability of the method. Analysis of data generated from thermal treatments of the peroxidase using the proposed method were found to be satisfactory. Ea values of 21 kcal/mole and 34 kcal/mole were obtained for the heat resistant and heat labile horseradish peroxidase isozymes, respectively. D82c values were 42 min and 1.2 min, respectively.
High pT hadron spectra in high-energy heavy-ion collisions

Abstract We calculate the hadron spectra in high-energy pp , pA and AA collisions within a pQCD parton model. Analyses of experimental data show that the modification of the spectra in pA and AA as compared to that in pp collisions is consistent with multiple parton scattering scenario and is dictated by the transition from absorptive soft interaction at low p T to incoherent hard parton scattering at high p T . This analysis not only sheds new light on the limits to the physics analysis based on thermal fire-ball models but also provides a more quantitative baseline results on which one can study the effects of parton energy loss in the hadron spectra at high p T .
Ubiquinone Synthesis in Mitochondrial and Microsomal Subcellular Fractions of Pneumocystis spp.: Differential Sensitivities to Atovaquone

The lung pathogen Pneumocystis spp. is the causative agent of a type of pneumonia that can be fatal in people with defective immune systems, such as AIDS patients. Atovaquone, an analog of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q [CoQ]), inhibits mitochondrial electron transport and is effective in clearing mild to moderate cases of the infection. Purified rat-derived intact Pneumocystis carinii cells synthesize de novo four CoQ homologs, CoQ7, CoQ8, CoQ9, and CoQ10, as demonstrated by the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors of both the benzoquinone ring and the polyprenyl chain. A central step in CoQ biosynthesis is the condensation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) with a long-chain polyprenyl diphosphate molecule. In the present study, CoQ biosynthesis was evaluated by the incorporation of PHBA into completed CoQ molecules using P. carinii cell-free preparations. CoQ synthesis in whole-cell homogenates was not affected by the respiratory inhibitors antimycin A and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide but was diminished by atovaquone. Thus, atovaquone has inhibitory activity on both electron transport and CoQ synthesis in this pathogen. Furthermore, both the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions were shown to synthesize de novo all four P. carinii CoQ homologs. Interestingly, atovaquone inhibited microsomal CoQ synthesis, whereas it had no effect on mitochondrial CoQ synthesis. This is the first pathogenic eukaryotic microorganism in which biosynthesis of CoQ molecules from the initial PHBA:polyprenyl transferase reaction has been unambiguously shown to occur in two distinct compartments of the same cell.
Defining and validating bipolar disorder in the preschool period.

The clinical characteristics and adaptive functioning of preschoolers who met DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder versus psychiatric and healthy comparison groups were investigated. A community-based sample of 303 preschoolers ~3–6 years of age! and their caregivers was ascertained. Diagnostic classification based on parent report of mania symptoms was made using an age-appropriate psychiatric interview. Results indicated that 26 preschoolers met DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder who could be identified based the presence of 13 core age-adjusted mania items. These children could be clearly differentiated from children in two psychiatric groups ~DSM-IV disruptive disorders, and major depressive disorder! and a “healthy” comparison group based on a specific symptom constellation. Findings indicated that preschoolers in the bipolar group were significantly more ~p , .05! impaired than the two psychiatric and healthy groups based on independent measures. Further, even after controlling for comorbid attention-deficit0hyperactivity disorder ~81% comorbidity rate!, the bipolar group remained significantly ~p , .05! more impaired in multiple domains compared to preschoolers with DSM-IV disruptive disorders and healthy controls. Findings suggested that children as young as 3 years can manifest DSM-IV bipolar disorder when age adjusted symptom descriptions are employed, and that these children can be distinguished from healthy and disruptive disordered preschoolers. Recommendations for future research in this area that integrates developmental and mental health models are made.
Effect of testosterone supplementation on sexual function in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the impact of normalization of testosterone levels in men with documented hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction on erectile function and sexual satisfaction. Although the data support the role of testosterone in the preservation of libido and nocturnal erectile function, the evidence supporting the use of testosterone supplementation in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction is weak. Methods This analysis used two validated questionnaires, the International Index of Erectile Function and the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction, in a serial fashion at baseline (before treatment) and 1, 3, and 6 months after the achievement of a therapeutic testosterone level. Results A total of 32 men met all inclusion criteria; 69% of men achieved therapeutic testosterone levels using transdermal testosterone gel, 19% required a transdermal patch, and 12% required intramuscular delivery. Statistical significance was reached for the difference between the baseline and 1-month International Index of Erectile Function erectile function domain score and all post-treatment International Index of Erectile Function libido scores. A steady decrease occurred in the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction scores from the 1 to 6-month values that reached statistical significance. Conclusions In men with documented hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction, normalization of serum testosterone levels was associated with only short-term improvement in erectile function and sexual satisfaction. The use of testosterone supplementation in this population for the treatment of erectile dysfunction is questionable.
Positron emission tomography displacement sensitivity: predicting binding potential change for positron emission tomography tracers based on their kinetic characteristics

There is great interest in positron emission tomography (PET) as a noninvasive assay of fluctuations in synaptic neurotransmitter levels, but questions remain regarding the optimal choice of tracer for such a task. A mathematical method is proposed for predicting the utility of any PET tracer as a detector of changes in the concentration of an endogenous competitor via displacement of the tracer (a.k.a., its ‘vulnerability’ to competition). The method is based on earlier theoretical work by Endres and Carson and by the authors. A tracer-specific predictor, the PET Displacement Sensitivity (PDS), is calculated from compartmental model simulations of the uptake and retention of dopaminergic radiotracers in the presence of transient elevations of dopamine (DA). The PDS predicts the change in binding potential (DBP) for a given change in receptor occupancy because of binding by the endogenous competitor. Simulations were performed using estimates of tracer kinetic parameters derived from the literature. For D2/D3 tracers, the calculated PDS indices suggest a rank order for sensitivity to displacement by DA as follows: raclopride (highest sensitivity), followed by fallypride, FESP, FLB, NMSP, and epidepride (lowest). Although the PDS takes into account the affinity constant for the tracer at the binding site, its predictive value cannot be matched by either a single equilibrium constant, or by any one rate constant of the model. Values for DBP have been derived from published studies that employed comparable displacement paradigms with amphetamine and a D2/D3 tracer. The values are in good agreement with the PDS-predicted rank order of sensitivity to displacement.
Visualization Teaching Tool for Simulation of OSI Seven Layer Architecture

Computer students need to understand both the theoretical and practical aspects of computer networking. As computer science teaching methods continue to mature, experiences in mixing theory and application have been shared in the community. Combining theory and practice in a single course on computer networks is difficult because of the complexity and scale of modern networks. Classroom modeling of networks is a technique to illustrate the theoretical aspects of networking through practical models of computer networks. In this paper a visualization tool is developed and it would be useful for students to understand the difficult concepts of computer networks. It provides the design and working of network architecture, which allows communication between computer systems. This approach provides the opportunity to learn and teach computer networking.
Multiple Imputation After 18+ Years

Abstract Multiple imputation was designed to handle the problem of missing data in public-use data bases where the data-base constructor and the ultimate user are distinct entities. The objective is valid frequency inference for ultimate users who in general have access only to complete-data software and possess limited knowledge of specific reasons and models for nonresponse. For this situation and objective, I believe that multiple imputation by the data-base constructor is the method of choice. This article first provides a description of the assumed context and objectives, and second, reviews the multiple imputation framework and its standard results. These preliminary discussions are especially important because some recent commentaries on multiple imputation have reflected either misunderstandings of the practical objectives of multiple imputation or misunderstandings of fundamental theoretical results. Then, criticisms of multiple imputation are considered, and, finally, comparisons are made to alt...
Sleep disorders in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome.

Patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) often describe symptoms of fatigue, sleepiness, and lack of refreshing sleep. We aimed to provide further objective measures of sleep in patients with POTS. POTS patients (n = 18) were selected based on autonomic testing and evaluation at our center. Controls (n = 16) of similar age, gender, and BMI were selected from new patients referred to the Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic for any sleep-related complaint. All patients underwent polysomnography and completed several sleep questionnaires and a 2-week sleep diary. POTS patients and control subjects were of similar age (27 ± 10.2 vs. 29 ± 5.4 years, p = 0.92) and Body Mass Index (21 ± 3.8 vs. 24 ± 4.1, p = 0.14). The majority of subjects in both groups were females (72 % POTS vs. 81 % controls). POTS patients scored higher on subjective fatigue scales but not sleepiness scales. POTS patients scored in the normal range on the BDI and the “evening” category on the MEQ. Their sleep diaries were not different from controls. With the exception of mild OSA, slightly reduced %REM and prolonged REM latency, their PSG data were normal and no different from controls. It is unlikely that the sleep-related complaints of POTS patients are the result of a primary sleep disorder unique to POTS. We propose that a combination of factors such as body fatigue, chronic pain, and other somatic symptoms common in POTS patients might be the underlying reason for sleep-related symptoms in POTS.
Single Image Pop-Up from Discriminatively Learned Parts

We introduce a new approach for estimating a fine grained 3D shape and continuous pose of an object from a single image. Given a training set of view exemplars, we learn and select appearance-based discriminative parts which are mapped onto the 3D model through a facility location optimization. The training set of 3D models is summarized into a set of basis shapes from which we can generalize by linear combination. Given a test image, we detect hypotheses for each part. The main challenge is to select from these hypotheses and compute the 3D pose and shape coefficients at the same time. To achieve this, we optimize a function that considers simultaneously the appearance matching of the parts as well as the geometric reprojection error. We apply the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to minimize the resulting convex function. Our main and novel contribution is the simultaneous solution for part localization and detailed 3D geometry estimation by maximizing both appearance and geometric compatibility with convex relaxation.
Five new species of Polycentropodidae (Trichoptera) from Ecuador and Venezuela

Diagnoses, descriptions and illustrations of male genitalia are given for four new species of the Polycentropus gertschi group, Polycentropus cressae n. sp., Polycentropus neblinensis n. sp., Polycentropus quadricuspidis n. sp., and Polycentropus silex n. sp. The former two are from Venezuela and the latter two from Ecuador. In addition, a diagnosis, description and set of male genitalia illustrations are provided for Polyplectropus beccus, a new species from Ecuador. The generic placement of this species, while currently appropriate, may require reclassification pending completion of ongoing studies on Neotropical polycentropodids.
Suicide and Mortuary Beliefs and Practices of the Akan of Ghana

Akan society has traditionally held a negative and condemnatory view of suicide. Evidence of this is reflected in the lack of public mourning, brevity of the grieving period, and denial of proper b...
NMR Studies of the Role of Intracellular Sodium Ions in the Mechanism of Insulin Action on an Amphibian Oocyte

NMR spectroscopy provides a noninvasive technique for the study of 23Na ions in living cells and tissues, permitting a direct observation of the cations via their own resonance absorption [1–10]. Rana oocytes constitute a particularly favorable cellular system for NMR study. A Rana female contains up to 2–3 thousand large (1.8 mm diameter) oocytes arrested in first meiotic prophase. Interestingly, insulin can release the block at prophase arrest in the amphibian oocyte and reinitiate the meiotic divisions in vitro, although its physiological role in vivo remains unclear. Insulin action on the plasma membrane causes a rapid change in ion permeability and electrical properties and we have arried out measurements to determine its effect on intracellular Na+ concentration [6,7].
Field evaluation of several insecticides on Maricopa harvester ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) colony activity in fallow southwestern Arizona Cropland

A field study was conducted to determine efficacy of a single broadcast treatment at two rates of four insecticides on Maricopa harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex maricopa Wheeler, colony activity. Colony activity was evaluated by a visual rating system. An experimental design was used that compensated for subjectivity inherent in that system. Colonies treated with a single application of hydramethylnon or N -[2-amino-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanamide experienced significant reduction in colony activity compared with untreated colonies or those treated with a single application of carbaryl or diazinon. Polynomial regression over time indicated that hydramethylnon resulted in most rapid and permanent reduction of colony activity and strength. Data presented suggest that comparable reduction in colony activity may be attained if hydramethylnon is applied at a rate <9.68 g (AI)/ha.
Induction of extra nephrons in unilaterally nephrectomized immature rats (38525).

SummaryThe normal number of glo-meruli per kidney in the rat rises from about 104 at birth to approximately 35 × 103 at 50 days of age. When one kidney is removed at birth the remaining one produces an average of 63 % more nephrons than normal by 70 days. Unilateral nephrectomy of successively older rats results in progressively less augmentation of the nephron complement in the remaining kidney up to 50 days, beyond which age the kidney loses its ability to produce new nephrons.
Activation of PKC-beta(I) in glomerular mesangial cells is associated with specific NF-kappaB subunit translocation.

Changes in expression and activity of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms and early transcription factors may account for alterations in cell behavior seen in diabetes. We studied the expression of PKC...
Auch beim M1-Prostatakarzinom sinnvoll?

Bei Prostatakarzinompatienten, die maximal zwei Lymphknotenmetastasen haben, kann eine Entfernung des Primartumors das tumorspezifische Uberleben verlangern. Doch gilt das auch fur Patienten, die bereits Knochenmetastasen haben?
Symptomatic Axillary Seroma after Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Incidence and Treatment

Postoperative seroma is a nuisance for patients and surgeons. Few studies investigate predisposing factors for axillary seroma after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). We sought to quantitate the risk of symptomatic seroma and characterize interventions. We performed a retrospective review of 667 women undergoing breast-conserving surgery and SLNB at our institution between July 2007 and January 2015. Surgeons dissected sharply or with standard electrocautery. We correlated patient and tumor characteristics with symptomatic seroma using logistic regression models for univariate and multivariate predictors. All statistical tests were two sided, with p 0.07). Seroma rates did not vary according to surgeon, nodal mapping technique, or axillary closure technique (p = 0.8789). Multivariate analysis identified diabetes, smoking, and SSI as predictors of symptomatic axillary seroma with odds ratio of 1.97, 1.98, and 37.19 (all p < 0.017), respectively. Among the 98 of 127 patients with seroma, most (81 of 98, 83 %) resolved with a mean of 1.3 aspirations. The remainder resolved after axillary drain (13 of 98, 13 %) or additional surgery (4 of 98, 4 %). Symptomatic axillary seroma occurs in 14 % patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery with SLNB and is not influenced by tumor, nodal mapping, or surgeon characteristics. Management infrequently requires more than simple aspiration. Drain placement at initial surgery may be considered in smokers or patients with diabetes.
Phenomenology and the Theory of Literature

I should like to begin with a declaration not of principles but of contents, a declaration that is not a manifesto but a manifest of conceptual cargo. The theme of this paper is the relationship between philosophy and literature; its thesis is that the microcosm given to us in a literary work is founded on and in turn illuminates the transcendental structure of common-sense experience. I wish to explore this foundation of daily life by way of phenomenological philosophy. The outcome is a recommendation for a philosophically grounded theory of literature. I shall do my best, however, to get through customs an undeclared commitment to reality, an insistence on the primordial, “originary” givenness of our world. In this sense, the task of both literature and philosophy is the reconstruction of mundane existence.
Radiation Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer and the Risk of Developing Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

Abstract Abstract 120 Background: Both environmental radiation exposure and use of therapeutic radiation (XRT) in primary solid tumor malignancies increase the risk of secondary MDS. No data exist on the risk of developing secondary MDS in prostate cancer patients (pts) being treated with radiotherapy. Establishing this risk has important clinical implications, as prostate cancer is the leading cancer in men and radiation therapy has increasingly become the preferred modality for treatment of localized prostate cancer. Methods: We performed a prospective case control study of 11,015 pts with localized prostate adenocarcinoma newly diagnosed between 1986 and 2011 at Cleveland Clinic who underwent treatment with either radical prostatectomy (control group) or definitive radiotherapy (external beam radiotherapy [EBRT] or prostate interstitial brachytherapy [PI] – case group), to investigate the risk of radiation-related MDS. Data on demographics, surgery, radiation treatment, and follow-up were collected from merged prostate cancer and MDS databases. Cytogenetic risk groups were per International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) for MDS. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Fine and Gray competing risk model with MDS as a time-dependent endpoint (which incorporates differences in duration of follow-up) and death from any cause as the competing event, comparing radiotherapy groups to the surgical cohort as the reference group, controlling for age and follow-up frequency. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported. Results: For all pts, median age was 64 years (yrs, range, 37 – 88) at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis: 69 yrs in EBRT, 67 yrs in PI, and 60 yrs in surgery pts, respectively (p Conclusions: Pts who underwent definitive radiation treatment for localized prostate cancer did not appear to have a significantly increased risk of subsequent MDS, in analyses that controlled for age and incorporated length of follow-up. A trend for MDS development was present for those undergoing XRT with PI. These findings are encouraging for both patients and providers who have concerns about the potential effects of XRT on development of MDS. Disclosures: Maciejewski: Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Sekeres: Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.
A PHEV Power Management Cyber-Physical System for On-Road Applications

Power management of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) helps achieve high energy efficiency and low energy consumption cost. Existing power management methods are classified into online and offline ones. Online methods are usually designed with preset power-balancing strategies to adapt to runtime conditions but without utilizing route information or historical driving cycle information. In offline methods, power management strategies are derived from historical driving cycles and not optimal for actual driving routes. Facilitated by vehicular network technologies, on-road PHEVs can easily upload their driving data through on-board communication devices, e.g., smartphones, to remote servers. With information sharing, individual vehicle speed prediction can be realized and used in the on-board power management system. This paper proposes an on-road PHEV power management cyber-physical system with two-level hierarchical strategies to minimize the fuel consumption in a trip. The high-level management strategies allocate battery energy budgets to all remaining roads, which are generated online by solving stochastic optimization problems. The low-level powertrain policies are solved offline from historical driving cycles. While a PHEV is driving, optimal real-time power decisions are made based on battery budgets, low-level power policies, and the PHEV's driving states. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms other methods significantly in terms of fuel savings.
Synaptic control of the shape of the motoneuron pool input-output function.

Motoneuron activity is generally considered to reflect the level of excitatory drive. However, the activation of voltage-dependent intrinsic conductances can distort the relation between excitatory...
Outcome of Long-Term Corticosteroid Treatment in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

The clinical orthopedic effects of chronic daily corticosteroid treatment were evaluated by chart review in boys with genetically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) followed at the Ohio State University Muscular Dystrophy Clinic between 2000 and 2003.
Constrained signal design using approximate prior models with application to the tennessee eastman process

Abstract Identification input design is the first and very important step towards a successful data-driven modeling task. In this paper, a previously communicated input design method, based on an approximate a-priori steady state model, is extended to the case that the known approximate model at hand is a dynamic one. Several additional issues are also discussed including the iterative signal design and identification process and the derivation of the model uncertainty. As an important case study, the methodology is applied to the challenging Tennessee Eastman problem, which is widely used in process control study. The identification results of the proposed and prior methods are compared.
Parylene-on-oil encapsulation process for bio-inspired angular accelerometer

This paper reports on a wafer-level parylene-on-oil encapsulation process for a bio-inspired angular accelerometer with thermal transduction. The angular accelerometer's microtorus geometry, which is inspired by the semicircular canals, provides inherent linear acceleration insensitivity, while promoting in-plane angular acceleration. Compared to more traditional post-fabrication fluid filling of microchannels, the in-process fluid encapsulation allows for batch-fabricated, bubble-free, fluid-filled microchannels. To show the feasibility of this process, thermal angular accelerometers were fabricated and tested, showing a sensitivity of 24.7μV/deg/s2, which compares well with state-of-the-art capacitive angular accelerometers.
CAGE: A Contention-Aware Game-Theoretic Model for Heterogeneous Resource Assignment

Traditional resource management systems rely on a centralized approach to manage users running on each resource. The centralized resource management system is not scalable for large-scale servers as the number of users running on shared resources is increasing dramatically and the centralized manager may not have enough information about applications' need. In this paper we propose a distributed game-theoretic resource management approach using market auction mechanism to find optimal strategy in a resource competition game. The applications learn through repeated interactions to choose their action on choosing the shared resources. Specifically, we look into two case studies of cache competition game and main processor and co-processor congestion game. We enforce costs for each resource and derive bidding strategy. Accurate evaluation of the proposed approach show that our distributed allocation is scalable and outperforms the static and traditional approaches.
Discourse Features Among Providers, Patients, and Companions and Their Effect on Outcomes of Dementia Diagnosis Disclosure.

Objectives Receiving a diagnosis of dementia has major implications. Although protocols for disclosing difficult information have been developed for other health conditions, no such evidence-based method exists for dementia. As a step toward that goal, this study analyzed the discourse within dementia diagnosis disclosure sessions to identify conversational features associated with psychological outcomes. Method The Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) was used to code the discourse among patients, their companions, and providers during 84 dementia diagnosis disclosure sessions following an initial evaluation at an Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. Results Providers dominated the conversation in terms of overall time spent talking. With more severe dementia, patients spoke less and companions spoke more. Provider-positive rapport building was associated with lower patient depression and anxiety following the disclosure session. Patient-positive rapport building was associated with higher companion anxiety, but only when the patient was not suspected to have dementia. No associations were found between other types of discourse and patient or companion psychological outcomes. Discussion A relatively small amount of positive rapport building by providers can lead to reduced distress following dementia disclosure. Dementia disclosure best practices should emphasize patient-centered communication techniques in order to minimize psychological distress following diagnosis.
History dependence in insect flight decisions during odor tracking.

Natural decision-making often involves extended decision sequences in response to variable stimuli with complex structure. As an example, many animals follow odor plumes to locate food sources or mates, but turbulence breaks up the advected odor signal into intermittent filaments and puffs. This scenario provides an opportunity to ask how animals use sparse, instantaneous, and stochastic signal encounters to generate goal-oriented behavioral sequences. Here we examined the trajectories of flying fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) navigating in controlled plumes of attractive odorants. While it is known that mean odor-triggered flight responses are dominated by upwind turns, individual responses are highly variable. We asked whether deviations from mean responses depended on specific features of odor encounters, and found that odor-triggered turns were slightly but significantly modulated by two features of odor encounters. First, encounters with higher concentrations triggered stronger upwind turns. Second, encounters occurring later in a sequence triggered weaker upwind turns. To contextualize the latter history dependence theoretically, we examined trajectories simulated from three normative tracking strategies. We found that neither a purely reactive strategy nor a strategy in which the tracker learned the plume centerline over time captured the observed history dependence. In contrast, “infotaxis”, in which flight decisions maximized expected information gain about source location, exhibited a history dependence aligned in sign with the data, though much larger in magnitude. These findings suggest that while true plume tracking is dominated by a reactive odor response it might also involve a history-dependent modulation of responses consistent with the accumulation of information about a source over multi-encounter timescales. This suggests that short-term memory processes modulating decision sequences may play a role in natural plume tracking.
Towards a Data-Centric Approach to Attribution in the Cloud

With an increasing number of applications being mirgrated to cloud, it becomes evident that faults in these applications or the underlying cloud platform can be costly. In cases where a system fault occurs, administrators often find themselves needing to answer attribution questions, to perform a variety of managerial tasks including system debugging, accountability enforcement, and attack analysis. In this chapter, we propose Secure Time-Aware Provenance (STAP), a data-centric approach that provides the fundamental functionality required to answer such attribution questions—the capability to “explain” the existence (or change) of a certain distributed system state at a given time in a potentially adversarial environment.
Novel biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Most of these patients are seen with advanced disease at the time of presentation. In spite of its high prevalence, there are not many therapeutic options available for patients with advanced-stage HCC. There is an urgent need for improving early detection and prognostication of patients with HCC. In addition, the development of new therapies targeting specific pathways involved in the pathogenesis of HCC should be a major goal for future research, with the objective of improving outcomes of patients with HCC. Biomarkers represent a relatively easy and noninvasive way to detect and estimate disease prognosis. In spite of the numerous efforts to find molecules as possible biomarkers, there is not a single ideal marker in HCC. Many new findings have shown promising results both in diagnosing and treating HCC. In this review, we summarized the most recent and relevant biomarkers in HCC.
Local Unemployment and Voting for President: Uncovering Causal Mechanisms

How does local unemployment influence presidential elections? Some argue that, for voters, the state of the local economy is an afterthought to that of the national economy. On the other hand, those who argue that local unemployment matters fall into two camps. Recent research finds that local unemployment is a reputation issue that benefits Democratic candidates because voters believe they are the party best equipped to deal with the issue. Alternatively, others have posited that the local economy provides voters with information for evaluating the governing party’s job performance. This view holds that the incumbent party, Democrat or Republican, will be punished when local unemployment is high. In this article, we investigate these distinct mechanisms jointly. In an individual-level mediation analysis of the 2008, 2012, and 2016 presidential elections, we present evidence that both mechanisms are at work. Rising local unemployment bolsters support for Democratic presidential candidates, but, through its influence on views of the national economy, drives down support for the incumbent, Democrat or Republican.
Avanti il Divorzio di Anna Franchi

Anna Franchi, esponente di spicco del nostro primo femminismo, fece scalpore agli inizi del ‘900 con il romanzo autobiografico Avanti il Divorzio, in cui senza falsi pudori descrisse il proprio infelice matrimonio, abbracciando la causa divorzista con un anticipo di oltre mezzo secolo. Ribelle autodichiarata, consapevole ed orgogliosa dell’ostracismo al quale sarebbe stata condannata, non tralascio neppure i dettagli piu inquietanti, conscia che questa agghiacciante documentazione delle violenze subite ne avrebbe costituito la prova, grazie alla quale sarebbe riuscita ad ottenere la legittimizzazione-liberazione. Romanzo e documento storico al tempo stesso, volutamente provocatorio, Avanti il Divorzio costringe anche la lettrice / il lettore attuale a confrontarsi con una realta altra, opposta a quella di un’Italia immaginaria ed immaginata, sfortunatamente ancora oggi proposta come reale.
Do Human Rights Treaty Obligations Matter for Ratification

Why do some human rights treaties receive rapid and near universal commitment from states while others take decades for the majority of states to ratify? We analyze new data that code every provision of ten global human rights treaties for the strength and precision of the obligations they contain. We classify obligations that are strong, precise, and that require domestic action as “demanding.” We hypothesize that treaties containing more of these demanding obligations would be seen as more costly to ratify because they imply potentially greater policy adaptation or compliance costs. Event history analyses are consistent with that hypothesis. The addition of 15 demanding treaty obligations decreases the likelihood of ratification by over 20 percent, similar to the effect of moving from democracy to autocracy. This effect is consistent when controlling for various treaty, state, and global level factors that may also influence a state’s decision to ratify.