cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated reasoning about machine geometry and kinematics

Abstract Reasoning about the physical world has recently become an important AI research topic, but the spatial reasoning aspects have tended to be ignored. I present work * on the application of spatial and geometrical reasoning to the problem of reasoning about mechanical devices. My program takes a CAD/CAM solid model of a mechanical device and from that produces a kinematic analysis of the device. I illustrate the kinematic analysis process with two examples: a piston/crankshaft mechanism and a differential.
When Hollywood Was Right: How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics

Present-day American conservatives love to loathe Hollywood. They believe it seeks to indoctrinate, especially the young; they accuse it of routinely casting conservatives and capitalists as villai...
Non-Metric Microscopic Formulation of Relativity

The elusive unity of microscopic and macroscopic physics may reflect a profound misunderstanding of the microscopic world. We start with a real, deterministic de Broglie wave, and show how this leads to the equations of both special and general relativity, providing a unified picture for physics at all scales. In this picture, transformations of ω and k are more fundamental than spacetime transformations of t and r. Local metrics compatible with general relativity may be derived, but are not necessary for calculations. Furthermore, coupling constants and h are invariant, while c, G, e, and particle rest masses are not. Such variations cannot be observed using local measurements, due to the principle of relativity.
GVVPT2 multireference perturbation theory description of diatomic scandium, chromium, and manganese.

With relatively simple model spaces derived from valence bond models, a straightforward zero-order Hamiltonian, and the use of moderate-sized Dunning-type correlation consistent basis sets (cc-pVTZ, aug-cc-pVTZ, and cc-pVQZ), the second order generalized Van Vleck perturbation theory (GVVPT2) method is shown to produce potential energy curves (PECs) and spectroscopic constants close to experimental results for both ground and low-lying excited electronic states of Sc(2), Cr(2) and Mn(2). In spite of multiple quasidegeneracies (particularly for the cases of Sc(2) and Mn(2)), the GVVPT2 PECs are smooth with no discontinuities. Since these molecules have been identified as ones that widely used perturbative methods are inadequate for describing well, due to intruder state problems, unless shift parameters are introduced that can obfuscate the physics, this study suggests that the conclusion about the inadequacy of multireference perturbation theory be re-evaluated. The ground state of Sc(2) is predicted to be X(5)∑(u)(-), and its spectroscopic constants are close to the ones at the MRCISD level. Near equilibrium geometries, the 1(3)∑(u)(-) electronic state of Sc(2) is found to be less stable than the quintet ground state by 0.23 eV. The Cr(2) PEC has several features of the Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) experimental curve (e.g., the pronounced shelf at elongated bond lengths), although the predicted bond length is slightly long (R(e) = 1.80 A with cc-pVQZ compared to the experimental value of 1.68 A). The X(1)∑(g)(+) ground state of Mn(2) is predicted to be a van der Waals molecule with a long bond length, R(e), of 3.83 A using a cc-pVQZ basis set (experimental value = 3.40 A) and a binding energy, D(e), of only 0.05 eV (experimental value = 0.1 eV). We obtained R(e) = 3.40 A and D(e) = 0.09 eV at the complete basis set (CBS) limit for ground state Mn(2). Low lying excited state curves have also been characterized for all three cases (Cr(2), Mn(2), and Sc(2)) and show similar mathematical robustness as the ground states. These results suggest that the GVVPT2 multireference perturbation theory method is more broadly applicable than previously documented.
Identification of new drug candidates against Borrelia burgdorferi using high-throughput screening

Lyme disease is the most common zoonotic bacterial disease in North America. It is estimated that >300,000 cases per annum are reported in USA alone. A total of 10%-20% of patients who have been treated with antibiotic therapy report the recrudescence of symptoms, such as muscle and joint pain, psychosocial and cognitive difficulties, and generalized fatigue. This condition is referred to as posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome. While there is no evidence for the presence of viable infectious organisms in individuals with posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome, some researchers found surviving Borrelia burgdorferi population in rodents and primates even after antibiotic treatment. Although such observations need more ratification, there is unmet need for developing the therapeutic agents that focus on removing the persisting bacterial form of B. burgdorferi in rodent and nonhuman primates. For this purpose, high-throughput screening was done using BacTiter-Glo assay for four compound libraries to identify candidates that stop the growth of B. burgdorferi in vitro. The four chemical libraries containing 4,366 compounds (80% Food and Drug Administration [FDA] approved) that were screened are Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC1280), the National Institutes of Health Clinical Collection, the Microsource Spectrum, and the Biomol FDA. We subsequently identified 150 unique compounds, which inhibited >90% of B. burgdorferi growth at a concentration of <25 µM. These 150 unique compounds comprise many safe antibiotics, chemical compounds, and also small molecules from plant sources. Of the 150 unique compounds, 101 compounds are FDA approved. We selected the top 20 FDA-approved molecules based on safety and potency and studied their minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. The promising safe FDA-approved candidates that show low minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values can be chosen as lead molecules for further advanced studies.
Molecular biology of the insulin-like growth factors. Relevance to nervous system function.

In the past ten years, molecular biology approaches have provided the structures of multiple components of the IGF system, IGF peptides, receptors, binding proteins, and the mRNAs and genes encoding them. Progress has been made toward understanding which components of the IGF system are expressed in the nervous system, their cellular localization, and their regulation. The molecular studies also provide the potential for availability of pure components of the IGF system for testing of biological effects and interactions. Emerging information from these approaches together with the applications of gene transfer approaches in cells in culture and transgenic animals suggest that the next few years will provide exponential increase in our information and understanding of the precise roles of the IGF system in nervous system function.
Editorial Commentary: Guidance through the "Toolshed" for endovascular revascularization of the lower extremity.

Interventional cardiologists often speak of the toolbox that is necessary for tackling a given procedure. The excellent and comprehensive review by Klein and Ross [1] in this issue of TCM illustrates the myriad technologies available for endovascular revascularization of the lower extremities. One cannot help but be struck by the number and complexity of technologies available for this purpose, in particular for revascularization of the superficial femoral artery (SFA), the vessel segment most commonly approached percutaneously in patients with PAD. The toolbox for the SFA might be more appropriately referred to as a toolshed. When standing in the catheterization laboratory staring down a long, calcified SFA occlusion, we may benefit from the wide array of technologies at our disposal. Klein and Ross leverage their wealth of clinical experience to guide the reader meticulously through procedural decision-making in the face of all of these technologies. However, as the authors point out, solid comparative data are rarely available to support these decisions. Our employment of these technologies is quite unscientific when compared, for example, with decision-making that occurs during coronary artery or structural heart interventions. So the question arises, how did we get here? There are three major parties that impact the introduction of novel endovascular technologies: medical device companies, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Devices and Radiologic Health (CDRH), and key opinion leaders who often are leaders in professional societies. The goals of these three groups may not be aligned, but their influence upon one another can have a major impact on
The Effect of the Thromboxane A2 Synthesis Inhibitor Oky-046 on Renal Function in Rabbits Following Release of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

Abstract A marked decrease in renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was found after 24, 48 and 72 hours of total unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in the rabbit. Contralateral GFR showed a modest increase consistent with compensatory hypertrophy. The urinary excretion of thromboxane B2 (TxB2), the stable metabolite of the vasoconstrictor prostaglandin, thromboxane A2 (TxA2) was significantly elevated in the urine obtained following release of the obstructed ureter when compared to the TxB2 level in the urine from the contralateral kidney. Continuous infusion of OKY-046 at 100 μg./kg./min. over 24 hours during UUO decreased TxB2 excretion by greater than 80 per cent. However there was no significant preservation of RBF or GFR of the obstructed kidney following ureteral release despite the selective inhibition of TxA2. Moreover the increase in contralateral GFR was also abolished. Taken together with other studies these results strongly suggest that the potent vasoconstrictor TxA2 is not responsible for the rise in renal resistance that follows acute UUO.
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and C4 Plants

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) is a regulatory metabolite that functions in determining the route of cytosolic carbon processing in plant cells—i.e., whether sucrose, the most important plant sugar, is synthesized or broken down (Cseke et al., 1982; Stitt et al., 1982). Our laboratory has recently described an enzyme preparation that catalyzes both the synthesis (via fructose-6-phosphate, 2-kinase or Fru-6-P, 2K) (Eq. 1) and the breakdown (via fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase or Fru-2,6-P2ase) (Eq. 2) of Fru-2,6-P2 in leaves of spinach, a C3 plant (Cseke, Buchanan, 1983; Cseke et al., 1983).
Use of Empirical and Full Bayes Before–After Approaches to Estimate the Safety Effects of Roadside Barriers with Different Crash Conditions

Abstract Introduction Although many researchers have estimated the crash modification factors (CMFs) for specific treatments (or countermeasures), there is a lack of prior studies that have explored the variation of CMFs. Thus, the main objectives of this study are: (a) to estimate CMFs for the installation of different types of roadside barriers, and (b) to determine the changes of safety effects for different crash types, severities, and conditions. Method Two observational before–after analyses (i.e. empirical Bayes (EB) and full Bayes (FB) approaches) were utilized in this study to estimate CMFs. To consider the variation of safety effects based on different vehicle, driver, weather, and time of day information, the crashes were categorized based on vehicle size (passenger and heavy), driver age (young, middle, and old), weather condition (normal and rain), and time difference (day time and night time). Results The results show that the addition of roadside barriers is safety effective in reducing severe crashes for all types and run-off roadway (ROR) crashes. On the other hand, it was found that roadside barriers tend to increase all types of crashes for all severities. The results indicate that the treatment might increase the total number of crashes but it might be helpful in reducing injury and severe crashes. In this study, the variation of CMFs was determined for ROR crashes based on the different vehicle, driver, weather, and time information. Practical applications Based on the findings from this study, the variation of CMFs can enhance the reliability of CMFs for different roadway conditions in decision making process. Also, it can be recommended to identify the safety effects of specific treatments for different crash types and severity levels with consideration of the different vehicle, driver, weather, and time of day information.
Am I still a Brazilianist

This article questions the usefulness of the category of 'Brazilianist.' This expression, a 'label' for foreigners who study Brazil, emerged in the 1970s, at a time of expansion of Brazilian studies in the United States, which coincided with the anos de chumbo (literally the years of lead, the period of harsh political repression during the dictatorship) in Brazil. For this reason, the concept, born in the context of the Cold War, fatally invokes a US figure with a specific political orientation and whose research contains in itself marks of its point of origin. The argument of the article is that this image of Brazilianist perhaps had a certain utility at that time, but from the 1980s onwards, various changes in the academic world, both in Brazil and in the United States, complicated any effort to differentiate academic production according to the 'place' of the researcher. At the same time, certain persistent aspects in the academic world, including language and public, continued creating some divisions among Brazilianists and historians in Brazil.
Revisiting the Impostor Phenomenon: How Individuals Cope with Feelings of Being in Over their Heads

The recent economic recession has led many organizations to downsize, or eliminate positions, in an effort to cut labor costs and improve profitability. Survivors may suddenly find themselves over-rewarded, or prematurely promoted, into one or more vacant positions. One negative consequence of over-reward in particular, impostor phenomenon, may present significant challenges at both the individual and organizational level. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to examine the consequences and coping strategies of survivors who perceive themselves as over-rewarded and under-qualified for a job. Hobfoll's Conservation of Resources Theory (COR) serves as this study's framework to explicate the outcomes associated with impostor feelings and how impostors cope with their perceived inadequacy. Specifically, we propose that impostor feelings will be positively related to emotional exhaustion. To deal with the exhaustion, impostors may rely on coping strategies in order to master the additional internal and external demands created by feelings of impostorism. The type of strategy used by impostors to cope with the exhaustion is influenced by the level of perceived social support. That is, impostors who perceive higher levels of support will resort to active coping while those who perceive lower levels of support will resort to avoidant coping. Managerial implications and directions for future research are offered.
A Process Evaluation of the WV Smoking Cessation and Reduction in Pregnancy Treatment (SCRIPT) Dissemination Initiative: Assessing the Fidelity and Impact of Delivery for State-Wide, Home-Based Healthy Start Services

Objectives Process evaluation data are essential to document the fidelity of program implementation by clinical staff and confirm patient behavior change. This report presents a process evaluation model applied to the Smoking Cessation and Reduction in Pregnancy Treatment Dissemination Initiative for the statewide, home-based West Virginia Right From The Start Project. Methods Trained RFTS Designated Care Coordinators, nurses and social workers, of 50+ primary care agencies in all 55 counties, delivered SCRIPT to Medicaid patients who smoked. Results The process evaluation defined the level of DCC delivery of seven core SCRIPT procedures to produce a Program Implementation Index: a summary performance metric. A SCRIPT PII > 0.80 was established as the RFTS adoption standard. The PII increased from 0.53 in 2004 to 0.65 in 2006–2007 to 0.77 in 2009–2010. Although the PII > 0.80 was not achieved, exposure rates were increased for all seven SCRIPT procedures. Agency and DCC turnover, a transient patient population, and recession of 2008–2010 were barriers to achieving the adoption metric and implementation of an experimental design. A quasi-experimental Stratified, Matched Comparison (C) Group Design was selected to evaluate behavioral impact differences between a RFTS-Comparison (C) Group from 2006 to 2007 and the RFTS-SCRIPT E Group from 2009 to 2010. Impact analyses of the DCC delivery of the SCRIPT Program with higher fidelity documented a statistically significant increase in the cessation rate from 4.6 % and significant reduction rate from 6.9 % for the (C) Group in 2006–2007 to 13.9 % and 11.22 % respectively for the E Group in 2009–2010. Conclusion The PEM can assist statewide, home-based prenatal care programs to improve the quality of delivery and evaluate counseling programs.
Stratification of Flow from Channel into Deep Lake

The flow of heated water from an open channel into a reservoir containing colder and essentially stagnant water has been studied in a laboratory flume. The basic mechanisms which can produce a variety of substantially different flow patterns are considered. The combined effects of buoyancy, viscosity, and stratification conditions in the reservoir on the flow are shown qualitatively in the case of a two-layered system. The information obtained has a relationship to the design and operation of heated water outlets into lakes and ocean outfalls.
Graphics Processing Unit-Accelerated Code for Computing Second-Order Wiener Kernels and Spike-Triggered Covariance.

Sensory neuroscience seeks to understand and predict how sensory neurons respond to stimuli. Nonlinear components of neural responses are frequently characterized by the second-order Wiener kernel and the closely-related spike-triggered covariance (STC). Recent advances in data acquisition have made it increasingly common and computationally intensive to compute second-order Wiener kernels/STC matrices. In order to speed up this sort of analysis, we developed a graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated module that computes the second-order Wiener kernel of a system’s response to a stimulus. The generated kernel can be easily transformed for use in standard STC analyses. Our code speeds up such analyses by factors of over 100 relative to current methods that utilize central processing units (CPUs). It works on any modern GPU and may be integrated into many data analysis workflows. This module accelerates data analysis so that more time can be spent exploring parameter space and interpreting data.
Terminal glycosylation and disease: Influence on cancer and cystic fibrosis

Terminal glycosylation has been a recurring theme of the laboratory. In cystic fibrosis (CF), decreased sialic acid and increased fucosyl residues in α1,3 position to antennary N
Adjuvant Immunotherapy with Surgery Improves Survival in Murine Models of Thoracic Malignancies

Objectives Immunotherapy is an alternative therapy for thoracic malignancies, but results in humans have not been as impressive as anticipated. We hypothesized that adjuvant immunotherapy with surgery debulking can improve efficacy and long term response rates. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our group’s experience with human immunotherapy trials for NSCLC and mesothelioma. We developed murine models of NSCLC and mesothelioma surgery to evaluate clinically applicable immunotherapy approaches (tumor vaccination and checkpoint inhibitors) and optimized regimen. Outcomes were assessed for overall survival and tumor progression. Flow Cytometry, ELISA, PCR and in vivo neutralization assays were utilized to determine immune responses. Results The most important predictor of immunotherapy response in human trials was minimal disease at the time of immunotherapy. Surgery generates a state of minimum disease, thus we used a murine cancer surgery model to evaluate clinically available adjuvant immunotherapy approaches in a controlled setting. Adjuvant vaccination strategies were associated with decreased tumor volumes (p Conclusion This evidence supports a new approach to thoracic malignancies including multi modal immunotherapy with surgical resection.
The dietary impact of introducing new retailers of fruits and vegetables into a community: results from a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential dietary impact of the opening of new retailers of healthy foods. DESIGN Systematic review of the peer-reviewed research literature. SETTING References published before November 2015 were retrieved from MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases using keyword searches. SUBJECTS The outcome of the review was change in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults. RESULTS Of 3514 references retrieved, ninety-two articles were reviewed in full text, and twenty-three articles representing fifteen studies were included. Studies used post-test only (n 4), repeated cross-sectional (n 4) and repeated measures designs (n 7) to evaluate the dietary impact of supermarket (n 7), farmers' market (n 4), produce stand (n 2) or mobile market (n 2) openings. Evidence of increased fruit and vegetable consumption was most consistent among adults who began shopping at the new retailer. Three of four repeated measures studies found modest, albeit not always statistically significant, increases in fruit and vegetable consumption (range 0·23-0·54 servings/d) at 6-12 months after baseline. Dietary change among residents of the broader community where the new retailer opened was less consistent. CONCLUSIONS The methodological quality of studies, including research designs, sampling methods, follow-up intervals and outcome measures, ranged widely. Future research should align methodologically with previous work to facilitate meta-analytic synthesis of results. Opening a new retailer may result in modest short-term increases in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults who choose to shop there, but the potential longer-term dietary impact on customers and its impact on the broader community remain unclear.
Deep Attribute Driven Image Similarity Learning Using Limited Data

In this work, we propose to derive the attribute specific similarity score for a pair of images using an existing parent deep model. As an example, given two facial images, we derive a similarity score for attributes like gender and complexion using an existing face recognition model. It is not always feasible to train a new model for each attribute, as training of deep neural network based model requires a large number of labelled samples to reliably learn the parameters. Hence, in the proposed framework a similarity score for each attribute is obtained as a weighted combination of all the hidden layer features of the parent model. The weights are attribute specific, and are estimated by minimizing the proposed triplet based hinge loss criteria over small number of labelled samples. Although generic, the proposed approach is developed in the context of a specific application to search for social media profiles of suspects of law enforcement agencies. To measure the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we have also created a social media dataset "LFW Social (LFW-S)", corresponding to the Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) dataset. The key motivation behind our approach is not to improve upon the existing baseline methods but to reduce the overhead of generating a labeled dataset for learning new attribute. However, it is worth noting that the learnt attribute driven models performs at par with the existing baseline models on attribute driven ranking task.
Evolution and Genetics of Insect Migration

The last few decades have seen the firm establishment of the notion that insect migration represents an adaptive syndrome. It was not always so. In the decade before the Second World War most entomologists thought large-scale movements of individuals between populations were rare. If such movements did occur, they were usually regarded as pathological attempts to relieve population pressure (see Lidicker and Caldwell 1982). There were of course exceptions which did not pass unnoticed, such as the spectacular movements of locusts and butterflies (Williams 1958), but on the whole most movement was thought to be a“rather quiet humdrum process”resulting from“the normal life of animals”(Elton 1927, p. 148). The perspective has changed dramatically with migration now seen as a fundamental element in the framework of an insect’ss life history and ecology (Johnson 1969; Taylor and Taylor 1983; Dingle 1984a).
Risk stratification tools in emergency general surgery

The use of risk stratification tools (RST) aids in clinical triage, decision making and quality assessment in a wide variety of medical fields. Although emergency general surgery (EGS) is characterized by a comorbid, physiologically acute patient population with disparately high rates of perioperative morbidity and mortality, few RST have been explicitly examined in this setting. We examined the available RST with the intent of identifying a tool that comprehensively reflects an EGS patients perioperative risk for death or complication. The ideal tool would combine individualized assessment with relative ease of use. Trauma Scoring Systems, Critical Care Scoring Systems, Surgical Scoring Systems and Track and Trigger Models are reviewed here, with the conclusion that Emergency Surgery Acuity Score and the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Programme Universal Surgical Risk Calculator are the most applicable and appropriate for EGS.
Effect of Environment on Electromagnetic Field of a Beam

In the previous chapter we calculated the electromagnetic field of a beam moving with constant velocity in free space. In reality, beams propagate inside a vacuum chamber, and one has to take into account the effect of the material walls of the chamber on the field. In this chapter, we study several important effects that characterize the interaction with metal walls. First, we discuss the skin effect that defines the penetration of the electromagnetic field into the metal. We then discuss an approximation that treats the wall as a perfectly conducting medium. Finally, we calculate the longitudinal field inside a round metal pipe excited by a relativistic point charge.
LORENZO CAMERANO'S CONTRIBUTION TO EARLY FOOD WEB THEORY

In 1880, Lorenzo Camerano, then a 24-year-old assistant in the laboratory of the Royal Zoological Museum of Torino, Italy, published a paper “On the equilibrium of living beings by means of reciprocal destruction” in the Acts of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Torino. This pioneering paper contains an early, perhaps the first, graphical representation of a food web as a network of groups of species linked by feeding relations. It also contains a vivid dynamic model of the consequences of trophic links for population dynamics. The model is based on the propagation of sound waves in an organ pipe. An English translation of Camerano’s paper follows this introductory essay.
In vivo percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone: multiple-application dosing in man.

Percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone was measured in six healthy adult men from whom informed consent had been obtained. The study compared a single topical dose to multiple-topical dose treatments (one vs three applications) on the same day. 14C-Labeled hydrocortisone in acetone was applied to 2.5 cm2 of ventral forearm skin and protected with a nonocclusive polypropylene chamber. The amount of 14C measured in urine collected over 7 days was used to determine hydrocortisone absorption. The treatments, performed 2 to 3 weeks apart, each utilized adjacent sites on the same individuals. A single dose of 13.33 µg/cm2 delivered 0.056 µg/cm2 of hydro-cortisone through the skin. When the single dose was tripled to 40 µg/cm2, the amount delivered through the skin increased by nearly three times, from 0.056 to 0.140 µg/cm2; the expected delivery was 3 x 0.056 µg/cm2 = 0.168 µg/cm2. Three serial doses of 13.33 µg/ cm2 (total, 40 µg/cm2) were also expected to deliver 0.168 µg/cm2 with or without soap and water washing between doses, but the observed amount of hydrocortisone delivered through the skin significantly exceeded our expectations. This indicates that multiple-dosing treatments resulted in a significant increase in bioavailability. It is postulated that increased vehicle application and washing dissolved and mobilized previously dosed hydrocortisone and increased bioavailability.
The Role of House Helps in Work–Family Balance of Women Employed in the Formal Sector in Kenya

In many sub-Saharan African towns and cities, where women must compete for employment opportunities with their male counter-parts, domestic workers have become an important resource for enabling women to cope with the challenges of combining work and family responsibilities. Domestic workers (sometimes called house helps, house girls or house boys or house maids) are considerably cheaper than the costly formal childcare institutional arrangements. The duties and responsibilities of these domestic workers extend beyond the typical household work and childcare to include helping children with schoolwork, taking sick children to clinics for medical attention, and so on. Using Kenya as a case study, this chapter explores house helps and employer work dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa including the benefits and limitations of this type of domestic help. This chapter concludes by suggesting some possible solutions to improve the arrangements, and also sets a research agenda in this area.
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathic Myosin Mutations That Affect the Actin-Myosin Interaction

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is primarily an autosomal dominant human cardiac disease, but has shown sporadic tendencies. It is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and myocellular disarray (Davies 1984; Maron et al. 1987). The disease is sometimes associated with skeletal myopathy of slow muscle fibers. The disease is clinically variable, ranging from benign to severe and is often the cause of sudden death in young athletes (Maron et al. 1978, 1986). The variability in the phenotype of the disease makes it a difficult disease to diagnose. Genetic linkage analyses have shown that FHC is also genetically heterogeneous because it is caused by multiple mutations in at least eight different genes (Solomon et al. 1990; Dausse and Schwartz 1993; Watkins et al. 1995c). All the mutations that cause FHC are found in sarcomeric cardiac proteins; β-myosin heavy chain (Geisterfer-Lowrence et al. 1990; Watkins et al. 1993), α-tropomyosin (Watkins et al. 1995b), troponin T (Thierfelder et al. 1994), myosin binding protein-C (Watkins et al. 1995a; Bonne et al. 1995), ventricular essential light chain (ELC), ventricular regulatory light chain (RLC; Poetter et al. 1996; Flavigny et al. 1998), troponin I (Kimura et al. 1997), and actin (Mogensen et al. 1999).
Distributed Economic Dispatch using Framework for Network Co-simulation

This paper presents a framework for testing distributed control algorithms that solve economic dispatch problems. Often times during development, distributed control algorithms are studied theoretically in detail and implemented on a single simulator as a numerical simulation. In order to realistically model a distributed control system, co-simulation of multiple simulators is required. The work presented here enables this through a framework developed using Framework for Network co-simulation (FNCS). This paper implements a consensus based distributed algorithm to solve economic dispatch in presence of communication network delays. Every agent participating in distributed economic dispatch is modeled as an individual simulator communicating only through a communication network simulator, making it a truly distributed framework. Tests are conducted to validate the algorithm against different types of communication network effects like delays and different data rates. This framework can be easily reused to test other types of distributed algorithms.
A Road Map for the Calculation of Molecular Binding Energies

During the past decade dramatic progress has been made in calculating the binding energies of molecules. This is the result of two advances reported in 1989: an accurate method for solving the electronic Schrodinger equation that is applicable to a broad range of moleculesthe CCSD(T) methodand families of basis sets that systematically converge to the complete basis set limitthe correlation consistent basis sets. The former provides unprecedented accuracy for the prediction of a broad range of molecular properties, including molecular binding energies. The latter provides a means to systematically approach the complete basis set limit, i.e., the exact solutions of approximations to the Schrodinger equation. These two advances combined with a thorough analysis of the errors involved in electronic structure calculations lead to clear guidelines for ab initio calculations of binding energies, ranging from the strong bonds derived from chemical interactions to the extremely weak binding due to dispersion int...
Characterization and Outcomes of Patients With Hansen Disease Treated at the Los Angeles County Hospital

This population-based study examines the incidence and treatment of patients with Hansen disease residing in the United States.
Learning and long-term retention of dynamic self-stabilization skills

In earlier studies, we had subjects use a joystick to balance themselves when seated in a device programmed to behave like an inverted pendulum. Subjects tested in a vertically oriented roll plane showed rapid learning for dynamically stabilizing themselves about the direction of balance when it corresponded with the direction of gravity. Subjects tested in a horizontally oriented roll plane, unlike the vertical roll plane subjects, did not have gravitational cues to determine their angular positions and showed minimal learning and persistent cyclical drifting. We describe here a training program to enhance learning and performance of dynamic stabilization in the horizontal roll plane based on our previous finding that balance control involves two dissociable components: alignment using gravity-dependent positional cues and alignment using dynamic cues. We hypothesized that teaching subjects to balance in a vertical roll plane to directions of balance that did not correspond with the direction of gravity would enhance the ability to stabilize at the direction of balance in the horizontal roll plane where gravity-dependent cues are absent. All subjects trained in vertical roll later showed greatly improved performance in horizontal plane balance. Control subjects exposed only to horizontal roll plane balancing showed minimal improvements. When retested 4 months later, the training subjects showed further performance improvements during the course of the retest trials whereas the control group showed no further improvement. Our findings indicate that balance control can be enhanced in situations lacking gravitationally dependent position cues as in weightlessness, when initial training occurs with such cues present.
Investigation and Application on the New Smart Meter Junction Device

Focusing on live line test of electric energy metering device, this essay developed a new smart electric meter junction device which is a combination of scientific design of structure, material and industrial art. And the new type device realizes "One Installation, Life-time Working " on field error test, replacement of electric meter and voltage drop test of secondary circuit. Achievements on the research are applied in the domain of live line test of electrical energy meter, without change the terminal blocks or wires, realizing intrinsic safety by special structure. In the application of the device statistics and analysis shows that reliability is confirmed, labour intensity and safety risk is sharply reduced,working efficiency is significantly promoted.
A Race to Lead: How Chinese Government Interventions Shape the U.S.-China Production Competition

Using U.S. and China establishment-level data, this paper studies the dynamic interdependence in industrial activities between the U.S. and China. In a VAR framework, high birth rates of Chinese firms predict same-industry firm exits and lowered employment in the U.S., particularly in the export-intensive industries. Moreover, high industry subsidy from the Chinese government is followed by a decrease in the number of establishments and employment in the corresponding U.S. industries, although these subsidies are not motivated by existent deterioration in investment opportunities in the targeted industries in the developed world. China's Five-year Plans offer a tight causal inference as shocks to China's industry growth. These shocks were not preceded by low productivity or valuation in the same industries in the U.S. but were followed by shrinkage of establishments and employment in these industries.
A nationwide analysis of inpatient outcomes and healthcare utilization in HIV versus non-HIV patients with esophageal cancer.

e16106Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor 5-year survival rates (19.9%). Due to effective Antiretroviral Therapy, mortality from HIV/AIDS has precipitously decr...
Evaluation of different materials used for sealing of implant abutment access channel and the peri-implant sulcus microbiota: A 6-month, randomized controlled trial.

Objective Peri-implantitis has been attributed to a myriad of factors, including microleakage at the abutment-implant interface. Implant abutment access channel sealing materials (IACSM) are readily used in implant dentistry, with little evidence on their effect on microleakage. This study aims to evaluate the effect of IACSM on the microbial composition in the implant access channel and the peri-implant sulcus. Methods A total of n=8 patients (64 implants) were included in this single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, whereas four different materials (cotton, Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE), synthetic foam or Polyvinyl siloxane (PVS)) were randomly placed as an IACSM. Following 6 months, microbial analysis was completed on the IACSM and samples from the peri-implant sulci via PCR and high-throughput sequencing. Bacterial samples on the IACSM and in the peri-implant sulci were classified according to Socransky's microbial complexes. Results There was a preponderance of early colonizing bacteria within the IACSM, while the peri-implant sulci were dominated by Orange complex bacteria. The proportion of Red and Orange complex members on the IACSM was significantly less than in the peri-implant sulci. The proportion of Green, Yellow, and Blue complex members found on the IACSM was significantly greater than in the peri-implant sulci. Atopobium, a diverse species not included in the microbial complexes, was frequently detected in the peri-implant sulcus samples. Conclusions No detectable effects of IACSM on the microbial community in the peri-implant sulcus or on the IACSM were identified. Variation of bacterial species was most dependent on the individual patient. No significant differences were found in the periodontal parameters between the different treatment groups.
Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy Study Reveals the Disruption of the Integrity of the Human Cell Membrane Structure by Oxidative DNA Damage.

Oxidative stress can damage organs, tissues, and cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) by oxidizing DNA, proteins, and lipids, thereby resulting in diseases. However, the underlying molecular...
A diagnostic confidence scheme for CLN3 disease.

Over the past 20 years, diagnostic testing for genetic diseases has evolved, leading to variable diagnostic certainty for individuals included in long-term natural history studies. Using genotype and phenotype data from an ongoing natural history study of CLN3 disease, we developed a hierarchical diagnostic confidence scheme with three major classes: Definite, Probable, or Possible CLN3 disease. An additional level, CLN3 Disease PLUS, includes individuals with CLN3 disease plus an additional disorder with a separate etiology that substantially affects the phenotype. Within the Definite and Probable CLN3 disease classes, we further divided individuals into subclasses based on phenotype. After assigning participants to classes, we performed a blinded reclassification to assess the reliability of this scheme. A total of 134 individuals with suspected CLN3 disease were classified: 100 as Definite, 21 as Probable, and 7 as Possible. Six individuals were classified as CLN3-PLUS. Phenotypes included the classical juvenile-onset syndromic phenotype, a "vision loss only" phenotype, and an atypical syndromic phenotype. Some individuals were too young to fully classify phenotype. Test-retest reliability showed 96% agreement. We created a reliable diagnostic confidence scheme for CLN3 disease that has excellent face validity. This scheme has implications for clinical research in CLN3 and other rare genetic neurodegenerative disorders.
Glossy Globalization: Unpacking a Loaded Discourse

Publisher Summary Glossy globalization is the picture of globalization as a benign and inevitable process sweeping unstoppably over the world, with here and there an unwanted side effect that sensible policies arrived at by the exchange of ideas among sensible decision-makers can avoid. Glossy globalization is glossy both in its glossing over of the shadows in the Panglossian picture of globalization it presents and in its concealment of the sources of those shadows. The contrast between the glossy globalization and the existing globalization or the real globalization is striking. This chapter presents a good example of the loaded discourse of the glossy globalization that is taken from the brochure of a recent Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) conference in Melbourne. The contrast between it and a realistic view of globalization―trying to unpack that term and see what it is really made of―is illuminating. Such a contrast also illuminates the distance between the existing globalization and what might be called “potential globalization”; globalization in the form that it might be envisaged if it were in fact to improve the living conditions of the vast majority of humankind.
The epidemiology of infectious diseases among South American Indians: a call for guidelines for ethical research.

With alarming frequency, the native peoples of South America continue to become victims of neglect and abuse. Such incidents rarely come to public attention, and in the few instances in which we learn about them remedial action is rarely taken. Who is to blame for this and what can be done to prevent the extinction of indigenous groups during the 21st century are simple questions for some social critics—notably Patrick Tierney, author of the recent and much publicized book Darkness in El Dorado (2000). Unfortunately, Tierney’s journalistic enthusiasm for sensational allegations directed at a few individuals trivializes the complex causes of the plight of the region’s native peoples (Hurtado 1990) and draws attention away from the kind of analysis that can produce lasting solutions. One of Tierney’s most serious charges is that medical scientists and anthropologists caused epidemics among the Yanomamo of Venezuela over 30 years ago. Journalists are not trained to decide such things; epidemiologists are, and they are unlikely to claim to know what caused an epidemic many years after it took place. They find it difficult enough to do so in the midst of an epidemic. The work is very time-consuming and costly and requires experts from multiple public health disciplines with a great deal of experience in collecting and analyzing valid and accurate quantitative data. We may never know the who, when, and how of the origins of the measles and malaria epidemics of the mid-1960s in Yanomamo communities, just as we may never know why a measles epidemic broke out among Angaite communities in the Paraguayan Chaco in January of this year (Ultima Hora, January 15, 2001). What we do know is that the vast majority of epidemics occur when medical sci-
The onset and development of polycythaemia in the obese mouse (C57 B1/6J ob/ob).

Abstract Data are presented which demonstrate that the genetically obese mouse ( C57 B1 6J ob ob ) has a higher haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell count than its lean littermate. These differences become statistically significant at 45 days of age and persist to at least 330 days of age. Red cell indices in these animals are normal, indicating that a true polycythaemia exists. This polycythaemia is not due solely to obesity, since lean animals of the parent strain in which obesity was induced by injection of gold thioglucose did not develop an increase in any of the measurements. The obese animals also showed an increase in glycosylated haemoglobin (at 83 days of age), which may alter the oxygen-carrying capacity of the haemoglobin, thereby stimulating red cell production. 2,3-DPG is also higher in obese animals than in their lean littermates, which may be a compensatory response to altered O2 availability in the obese animals.
Inductive learning with BCT

BCT (Binary Classification Tree) is a system that learns from examples and represents learned concepts as a binary polythetic decision tree. Polythetic trees differ from monothetic decision trees in that a logical combination of multiple (versus a single) attribute values may label each tree arc. Statistical evaluations are used to recursively partition the concept space in two and expand the tree. As with standard decision trees, leaves denote classifications. Classes are predicted for unseen instances by traversing appropriate branches in the tree to the leaves. Empirical results demonstrated that BCT is generally more accurate or comparable to two earlier systems.
Controlling a Stock Pollutant with Endogenous Investment and Asymmetric Information

Non-strategic firms with rational expectations make investment and emissions decisions. The investment rule depends on firms' beliefs about future emissions policies. We compare emissions taxes and quotas when the (strategic) regulator and (nonstrategic) firms have asymmetric information about abatement costs, and all agents use Markov Perfect decision rules. Emissions taxes create a secondary distortion at the investment stage, unless a particular condition holds; emissions quotas do not create a secondary distortion. We solve a linear-quadratic model calibrated to represent the problem of controlling green-house gases. The endogeneity of investment favors taxes, and it increases abatement.
A high-throughput VLSI architecture for linear turbo equalization

Turbo equalization dramatically improves bit error rate (BER) over separate equalization and decoding receivers. However, turbo equalization has low throughput due to iterative processing where a soft-input soft-output (SISO) equalizer or decoder cannot begin before the end of the previous SISO decoding iteration. In this paper, we propose a high-throughput VLSI architecture for linear turbo equalizers via rescheduling the soft information updates on a factor graph. The proposed method enables SISO equalizers and decoders to run concurrently thereby reducing the processing time. Thus, the proposed architecture increases throughput by 40%-75% without any loss in BER.