cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effective therapy for hepatic M. Osler with systemic hypercirculation by ligation of the hepatic artery and subsequent liver transplantation

Hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia, or M. Osler (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease), is an autosomal dominant, systemic fibrovascular dysplasia. This may lead to increased liver blood flow from arteriovenous fistulas. A 45-year-old woman with a known M. Osler was admitted for liver transplantation. On admission, exertional dyspnea was the predominant symptom. Radiological investigations revealed multiple intrahepatic arteriovenous fistulas and consecutive high-output heart failure. Laboratory findings revealed remarkably elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. To alleviate the high-output cardiac failure, the hepatic artery was ligated. Fourteen months later, the patient presented again with increased levels of bilirubin and recurrent bleeding episodes from esophageal varices grade IV. The patient underwent liver transplantation and post-transplant recovery was excellent. A hyperdynamic circulatory state due to a hepatic M. Osler has been treated in several cases by ligation or embolization of the hepatic artery. This procedure, however, is recommended only for patients with normal liver function and carries a considerable risk of bile duct necrosis.
Access to the naphthylcarbene rearrangement manifold via isomeric benzodiazocycloheptatrienes.

Irradiation (λ = 670 or >613 nm) of 4,5-benzodiazocycloheptatriene (15), matrix isolated in argon at 10 K, produces primarily 2,3-benzobicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-2,4,6-triene (9) accompanied by small amounts of triplet 4,5-benzocycloheptatrienylidene (2) and 2-naphthylcarbene (10). A reversible photoequilibrium is established in which 9 is converted to 10 at λ = 290 nm and then regenerated at λ = 360 nm. Similarly, matrix-isolated 2,3-benzodiazocycloheptatriene (16) produces 4,5-benzobicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-2,4,6-triene (11) at λ = 670 or >613 nm, but without detection of 2,3-benzocycloheptatrienylidene (4). Irradiation of 11 at λ = 290 nm induces ring opening to triplet 1-naphthylcarbene (12), which, in turn, cyclizes back to 11 at λ = 342 or >497 nm. The diazo compounds and photoproducts are characterized by IR, UV/visible, and ESR spectroscopy, where appropriate, and by comparison of the experimental and B3LYP/6-31G* calculated IR spectra for each species. Alternate rearrangement products such as allenes 6, 7, an...
Interactive authoring system on a small personal computer

Abstract Development of microcomputer software for creation of interactive dialogues is often hampered by lack of memory space large enough to provide full screen-handling and dialogue management facilities, by tight development schedules, and severe cost restraints. A method for providing quick entry of screen format and dialogue, and a facility to make changes without affecting software logic, has been developed and used to produce a 30-screen dialogue series compressed into 10 kbyte of ROM for a plug-in firmware cartridge. This was achieved by separating the software development process into three phases: 1. (1) entry of screen contents with accompanying dialogue, 2. (2) sequencing and linking of the screens into a data stream, and 3. (3) concatenating the data stream with a data compression table and a ‘driver’ program to display screen contents, manage the dialogue, and handle the screen sequencing. The resulting compressed data stream can be copied or transmitted to another computer quickly. Because the screen contents and dialogue commands can be entered without disturbing the other parts of the software, major changes to an interactive package could be made and tested within an hour, significantly shortening the development and testing timescales.
A 24-h potato-based toxicity test for evaluating Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (H-14) against darkwinged fungus gnat Bradysia impatiens Johannsen (Diptera: Sciaridae) larvae

Abstract A rapid and inexpensive acute toxicity test was developed and validated to evaluate formulations of the entomopathogenic bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. israelensis (Serotype H-14) de Barjac (Bti) against laboratory-reared second instar larvae of Bradysia impatiens Johannsen (Diptera: Sciaridae), a pest of greenhouse and nursery crops. The test, based upon larval darkwinged fungus gnat attraction to potato starch as a food source, yielded results in 24 h and was inexpensive to conduct. Using written standard operating procedures, validation data were collected using a Bti formulation from a single lot to validate the method through QA/QC methods and develop a database for employing the toxicity test as a bioassay. The bioassay might be suitable for use with other biological and chemical pesticides, to assist insecticide product development efforts, for quality control testing, for formulation evaluation, and for efficacy comparison between pesticides.
In and out of synch: infant childcare teachers’ adaptations to infants' developmental changes

This qualitative multi-case study explored the social exchanges and responsive connections between infants and their infant childcare teachers within a group care context. Infants' naturally occurring behaviours were videotaped purposefully at two separate time points, near the end of their first year and approximately six months later. Findings revealed various ways that infants and their teachers were ‘in synch’ or ‘out of synch’ within everyday practice. Infant teachers were ‘in synch’ with infants when they established reciprocal and meaningful joint understandings that were differentiated according to infants' individual and changing developmental needs. Infant teachers could also be ‘out of synch’ with an infant when they missed the infant's subtle cues or an infant did not easily adapt to caregivers' expectations and styles. Our findings urge teachers and teacher educators to think deeply about the meaning and complex nature of high quality, responsive caregiving within infant childcare environments.
Proactive inhibition in short-term retention of single items

Summary Three experiments were performed to determine the relationship between certain variables influencing proactive inhibition in long-term retention of lists of verbal items and the influence of these variables on short-term retention of single items. More particularly, retention of single items over 18 sec. should, if the laws of long-term retention are applied, decrease with number of previous items to which S has been exposed. In addition, amount of forgetting should be a direct joint function of number of previous items and length of the retention interval. In Exp. 1 each S was presented consonant syllables singly, with retention being measured after 3, 9, and 18 sec. Forgetting of the first item presented (T-1) was less than for the second (T-2) or third (T-3) item, but forgetting of the latter (T-2 vs. T-3) did not differ. On all three tests forgetting was directly related to length of retention interval, but no interaction was evident between number of previous items and length of retention interval. In Exp. 2 a higher degree of initial learning of the items was achieved. Forgetting increased directly as a function of number of previous items presented. The predicted interaction was indeterminate since retention was essentially 100% on T-1 for all retention intervals. Experiment 3 tested retention of six successive items over 3- and 18-sec. intervals. Retention after 3 sec. showed an initial drop and then a rise over the six tests, the rise suggesting a practice effect. Forgetting over 18 sec. increased directly from T-1 to T-6 and there was no indication that a constant amount of proactive interference had been reached. The interaction between length of retention interval and number of potential proactively interfering items was very evident. The results were interpreted to mean that proactive inhibition in short-term memory of single items follows the same laws as proactive inhibition in long-term memory of lists of items.
Behavioral approaches to residential energy conservation

Abstract This article outlines some of the research conducted by social psychologists to reduce residential energy consumption. The results of two attitudinal surveys demonstrated that homeowners' summer electricity consumption could be predicted from their energy-related attitudes. Personal comfort and health concers were the best predictors of consumption. Psychologically derived techniques to reduce summer electricity consumption were experimentally examined in three separate studies. In study 1, almost daily consumption feedback was found to reduce electricity usage 10.5%. In study 2, subjects receiving frequent feedback, who were also asked to adopt a difficult conservation goal, reduced their electricity consumption 13.0%. In study 3, a device that signaled homeowners when they could cool their houses without air conditioning by opening their windows led to a reduction in consumption of 15.7%. It was concluded that the resident can play an important role in energy conservation that complements engineering solutions.
CMYK transformation with black preservation in color management system

A color calibration process and system for CMYK printing with black preservation is described in this paper. This approach is used to create a 4-D lookup table (LUT) off time for a closed-loop workflow or a deviceLink ICC profile at real-time by a smart color management module (CMM) for ICC color management workflow. The output K' in the 4-D LUT or the deviceLink profile is decided by the lightness or density mapping between the input K and the output K' and the black usage of the output printer, and K' is proportional to K. The calibration processes are: 1) to convert the input CMYK (e.g. SWOP CMYK) into a device-independent color space (e.g. CIE CAM97s Jab, CIE L*a*b*, or MLab); 2) gamut mapping; and 3) to convert the in-gamut device-independent color into the output CMYK color space. A major difference of this approach over existing methods is that the input K is carried to the second and the third steps to determine the amount of the output K. Therefore the input K information is not lost during the color transformation. This approach can be applied to both closed-loop color architecture and ICC color management.
Directed self-assembly of diblock copolymers in cylindrical confinement: effect of underfilling and air-polymer interactions on configurations

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers has attracted attention for its use as a simple, cost- effective patterning tool for creating vertical interconnect access (VIA) channels in nanoelectronic devices.1, 2 This technique supplements existing lithographic technologies to allow for the creation of high-resolution cylindrical holes whose diameter and placement can be precisely controlled. In this study, we use self-consistent field theory (SCFT) simulations to investigate the equilibrium configurations of under-filled DSA systems with air-polymer interactions. We report on a series of SCFT simulations of our three species (PMMA-b-PS diblock and air) model in cylindrical confinement to explore the role of template diameter, under-fill fraction (i.e. volume fraction of air), air-polymer surface interaction and polymer-side wall/substrate interactions on equilibrium morphologies in an under-filled template with a free top surface. We identify parameters and system configurations where a meniscus appears and explore cases with PMMA-attractive, PS-attractive, and all-neutral walls to understand the effects of wall properties on meniscus geometry and DSA morphology. An important outcome is an understanding of the parameters that control the contact angle of the meniscus with the wall, as it is one of the simplest quantitative measures of the meniscus shape. Ultimately, we seek to identify DSA formulations, templates, and surface treatments with predictable central cylinder diameter and a shallow contact angle, as these factors would facilitate broad process windows and ease of manufacturing.
A Supergiant-Dominated Starburst in the Nucleus of NGC 4569

The Virgo spiral NGC 4569 has a very compact optical nucleus whose spectrum is highly composite, which strong Balmer absorption indicating that A stars dominate the optical light. Recent HST imaging shows that the nucleus is extremely compact in the mid-ultraviolet, so that either there must be a central AGN or an extraordinarily luminous and compact central star cluster. I present here IUE and ground-based spectrophotometry and high-resolution optical spectra, which are used to decompose the nucleus into possible stellar and AGN contributions. Accounting for the asymmetric contamination by Balmer emission, at a velocity different from the stellar absorption lines, removes the apparent discrepancy between radial velocities for different stellar components. The nuclear spectrum shows contributions from ordinary bulge light and from a young population. This young component has effective spectral type of mid-A, and the Balmer lines are so narrow that A-type supergiants are the most important contributors to the optical light. The young population is therefore much younger than the spectral type would suggest if interpreted as a main-sequence turnoff age, and the asociated OB stars might account for much of the UV flux. In this case, the nucleus contains an extraordinarily bright star cluster about as large as the core of 30 Doradus but more than 6 magnitudes brighter. While some less luminous supergiant-dominated star clusters have been found, current models of starburst evolution do not give a natural explanation for such a bunching in effective temperature. Evidence for an AGN is equivocal; M/L arguments show that only for the most extreme conditions of timing and burst duration could stars alone give a small enough value to satisfy the observational limit on velocity dispersion, and this condition would be eased if some of the UV radiation and the ionization of the nuclear gas can be attributed to an AGN. While, for very favorable conditions the Balmer absorption might be interpreted as coming from an unusually extensive and face-on accretion disk (rather than stars), the small linewidths and dominance of a single photospheric temperature place very stringent geometric and size constraints on this possibility.
512 FLEXIBLE FIBEROPTIC COLONOSCOPY IN CHILDREN

Reports of extensive experience with colonoscopy in childhood are limited. We undertook a review of 80 flexible fiberoptic colonoscopies performed on 63 pediatric patients age 2 months-20 years (mean 10.6 years) between 1972 and 1980. Instruments included Olympus TCF-21, CF-ITS, CFLB-3R, P2 and prototype pediatric colonoscopes. General anesthesia was required in 4. All others were done after sedation with diazepam (mean dose 0.79 mg·kg−1) and meperidene (mean dose 2.56 mg·kg−1). Children 10 or less (N=30) required twice the sedative dose per kilogram of those > 10. Indications for colonoscopy were obscure rectal bleeding in 29, assessment and surveillance of inflammatory bowel disease in 27 and suspected mass lesion in 23. Colonoscopy was essential for diagnostic confirmation in 14 of 29 cases of obscure rectal bleeding. Barium enema with proctoscopy would have missed the true extent of inflammatory bowel disease in 8 of 21 patients. Comparison of findings on colonoscopy with barium enema in 44 patients showed agreement in 29, colonoscopic superiority in 13 and barium enema superiority in 2. The right colon was reached in 74% of diagnostic procedures. Four of the 16 patients with juvenile polyps had evidence of bleeding sufficient to cause anemia. Five minor complications (bleeding not requiring transfusion, mild fever and urticarial reaction to sedative) were recorded and no major complications were seen. Conclusions are that colonoscopy may be done safely with minimal anesthetic risk in childhood; polypectomy is feasible at any colonic site for histologic confirmation and prevention of chronic blood loss,colonoscopy is a more sensitive diagnostic tool than barium enema alone in obscure rectal bleeding and inflammatory bowel disease and flexible instruments have considerable advantages over rigid instruments and should be used more widely.
Pulmonary Embolism in Respiratory Failure

The occurrence of pulmonary emboli in 617 patients admitted to a respiratory intensive care unit was studied. Pulmonary emboli were found in 18 (27 percent) of 66 autopsies. Half of these pulmonary emboli were not diagnosed before death, despite persistent aggressive attempts to document pulmonary emboli. In this subpopulation of patients with respiratory failure, the usual clinical manifestations of pulmonary emboli (symptoms, signs, chest x-ray film, electrocardiogram, and changes in arterial blood gas levels) frequently are already present, due to the severe underlying pulmonary disease, and any superimposed manifestations of pulmonary emboli are often inapparent In this group under study, the ventilation/perfusion lung scan correlated poorly with pulmonary angiographic results and with examinations at autopsy; the scan generally was inadequate to rule in or rule out pulmonary emboli Again, this was due to the distortion of both ventilation and perfusion by the severe underlying pulmonary disease. Currently, pulmonary angiographic studies remain the only reliable technique to confirm or exclude pulmonary emboli in patients with respiratory failure.
Seasonal Reactivity: Attentional Bias and Psychophysiological Arousal in Seasonal and Nonseasonal Depression

Individuals diagnosed with seasonal depression (MDD-SAD), nonseasonal depression (MDD), and controls completed a modified Stroop task and viewed winter and summer content scenes while skin conductance levels were recorded. Participants in the MDD-SAD and MDD groups took longer than controls to color name dark and depressive content words; however, individuals in the MDD group took longer than controls to color name all words. In reaction to winter scenes, individuals in the MDD-SAD group exhibited a greater frequency of significant skin conductance responses and greater amplitude of skin conductance responses than individuals in the MDD and control groups. These results add to a growing literature on seasonal reactivity which suggests that there may be specific features that distinguish seasonal and nonseasonal depression.
Validating a Number Sense Screening Tool for Use in Kindergarten and First Grade: Prediction of Mathematics Proficiency in Third Grade.

Using a longitudinal design, children were given a brief number sense screener (NSB) screener (N 204) over six time points, from the beginning of kindergarten to the middle of first grade. The NSB is based on research showing the importance of number competence (number, number relations, and number operations) for success in mathematics. Children's mathematics achievement on a validated high-stakes state test was measured 3 years later, at the end of third grade. Test-retest reliability estimates were obtained for the NSB. Two criterion groups were then formed on the basis of the third-grade achievement test (chil- dren who met and who did not meet mathematics standards). Diagnostic validity analyses for the NSB were completed using repeated measures analyses of variance and receiver operator curve analyses. Results from all analyses revealed that scores on the NSB in kindergarten and first grade predicted mathematics proficiency in third grade. Areas under the receiver operator curve indicated that the NSB has high diagnostic accuracy (areas under the receiver operator curve 0.78-0.88). Findings suggest that kindergarten and first-grade performance on the NSB is meaningful for predicting which children experience later mathematics difficulties.
A model of library cooperation on overseas Chinese studies: the Ohio experience

The Dr You Bao Shao Overseas Chinese Documentation and Research Center at Ohio University Libraries was established in 1993. Since its establishment, the center has been actively promoting worldwide institutional cooperation through conferences and joint meetings, including this First International Conference of Institutes and Libraries for Overseas Chinese Studies. The conference drew the attention of academic centers, research institutes, library collections, academic societies, university programs, and museums and brought together over 150 scholars, researchers, teachers, archivists, librarians, curators, and community activists worldwide. It includes four plenary sessions: locating, collecting, preserving, and sharing resources; cooperation of overseas Chinese research projects; digitizing and sharing resources on overseas Chinese; and publication and organization with established programs, curriculums, professional activities, and academic studies on overseas Chinese studies.
A model for scalar advection inside canopies and application to footprint investigation

In this paper, a model is presented for scalar advection inside canopies. A key result is an advection/diffusion equation that captures the persistence effect of the diffusion plume from elevated sources through a near-field modifier. The model is applicable to various source configurations including line source, plane and canopy sources with finite fetch, and horizontally extensive canopy source. Model prediction agrees reasonably well with the observations of a line and a plane heat source in a wind tunnel canopy. The two-dimensional flux footprint in the x‐z plane in homogeneous turbulence is expressed in analytical form and that in canopy turbulence is computed from the numerical solution of the advection/diffusion equation. The footprint calculations suggest that inclusion of flow inhomogeneity leads to a stronger near-field effect than in homogeneous turbulence, resulting in a maximum contribution to the observed flux to come from sources further away from the measurement tower. The flux measured within the roughness sublayer is weighted more heavily by contributions from sources in the lower canopy in unstable conditions and from the upper canopy in stable conditions. The flux footprint is less sensitive to source height in neutral air than in stratified air. The cross-wind integrated footprint reported in the literature is a special case of the present model. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
En face OCT angiography demonstrates flow in early type 3 neovascularization (retinal angiomatous proliferation)

En face OCT angiography demonstrates flow in early type 3 neovascularization (retinal angiomatous proliferation)
Numerical analysis of the flowfields in a staged gas turbine combustor

The KIVA-II code was modified to allow calculation of the flowfields in a staged gas turbine combustor including the air-blast fuel nozzle. The results illustrate the complicated flowfields present in staged combustors. In particular, the thermal protection requirements of the quick-quench mixer used in this study may be similar to those of the rich-burn combustor, despite the presence of the cool dilution jet. Variation of the mass flow split between the fuel nozzle air passages has a significant effect on the velocity and temperature profiles. In addition, the slanted dilution slots form a counter-rotating flowfield. From the results obtained to date, it appears that the modified KIVA-II code can be used to study the effects of various staged combustor designs and operating conditions.
Method for isolation of human ventricular myocytes from single endocardial and epicardial biopsies.

Abstract The study of adult human ventricular cells has been limited by tissue availability. In this study we describe techniques for the isolation of Ca(2+)-tolerant adult human ventricular cells from both transvenous endomyocardial and epicardial biopsies. Ca(2+)-tolerant cells were obtained from 80% of the biopsies processed. Although the yield of Ca(2+)-tolerant myocytes from either type of biopsy was low (1-5%), myocytes with normal resting potentials and action potentials can be obtained from single biopsy specimens, providing a source of normal human myocytes for electrophysiological study. Resting potentials (Vrest) were recorded in 41 isolated right ventricular endomyocardial cells at 37 degrees C. Sixteen cells were depolarized (Vrest = -26 +/- 13 mV), and 25 cells had normal resting potentials (Vrest = -84 +/- 6 mV). Action potentials were recorded in 16 cells. At a pacing cycle length of 1 s, 4 cells had prolonged action potential duration at 90% (APD90, 718 +/- 26 ms) and 10 cells had normal APD90 (381 +/- 94 ms) compared with those recorded from intact right ventricular septal trabeculae from explanted hearts. Voltage-clamp studies of isolated human ventricular myocytes obtained from these biopsies document the presence of currents previously reported from cells isolated from explanted hearts.
Lack of P-glycoprotein mediated efflux and the potential involvement of an influx transport process contributing to the intestinal uptake of Deltamethrin, Cis-permethrin, and Trans-permethrin

stantial proportion of ingested pyrethroids are eliminated in feces, suggesting that absorption is limited, possibly by the action of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). We utilized caco-2 cells as a model system for intestinal enterocytes and qualitatively and quantitatively assessed the transport of deltamethrin (DLM), cispermethrin (CPM), and trans-permethrin (TPM). Caco-2 cell uptake of the P-gp substrate R6G was increased by the P-gp inhib itors cyclosporine A (CSA) and ritonavir but not by DLM, CPM, and TPM. Unexpectedly, CSA and ritonavir significantly reduced the uptake of DLM, CPM, and TPM. Permeability coefficients (P app ) and directional flux of DLM, CPM, or TPM were greater in the absorptive than the secretory (efflux) direction when meas ured across caco-2 monolayers grown on Transwell inserts. When CSA was applied to the monolayers’ apical (AP) side, the AP to basolateral (BL) P app was significantly reduced, with no change in the BL to AP P app . Kinetic analysis demonstrated saturable trans port kinetics for all 3 pyrethroids. These findings indicate that the cellular uptake of DLM, CPM, and TPM is not limited by P-gp efflux but undergo absorptive influx transport as a contributing mechanism for cellular uptake. However, the overall P app values for DLM, CPM, and TPM are consistent with the low permeabil ity/low absorption compound mannitol, suggesting limited gastro
Effects of indole-3-carbinol and phenethyl isothiocyanate on colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane in rats

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) are breakdown products of the glucosinolates glucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin, respectively, and are thought to reduce carcinogen activation by P450 enzymes. To assess the effects of these compounds on colon cancer risk, rats were divided into five groups and fed the following diets: control diet (AIN-93G), or diets with PEITC or I3C added to the control diet: high-PEITC (3.37 mmols/kg diet—high level of PEITC), lowPEITC (0.67 mmols/kg—low level of PEITC), high-I3C (6.8 mmols/kg—high level of I3C) and low-I3C (1.36 mmols/kg—low level of I3C). Diets were fed for 2 weeks before and 10 weeks after administration of the colon carcinogen azoxymethane. Precancerous lesion (aberrant crypt foci, ACF) number in the distal colon was significantly lower in both high-I3C and low-I3C groups (6.9 � 0.8 and 5.9 � 0.59 per cm 2 , respectively) when compared with the control group (10.4 � 0.9). No significant difference in ACF number was found between the PEITC group and the control group. ACF expressing sialomucin, thought to indicate ACF more likely to progress to tumors, were greater in the high-PEITC group (13 � 3) than the control (5.6 � 2). Mucin-depleted ACF, suggested to have the greatest tumorigenic potential, tended to be lower in the low-I3C group (P 5 0.06) compared with the control group. Mucosal apoptotic and cell proliferation labeling indices did not differ among groups, suggesting that reduction in the ACF number by I3C does not involve alterations in mucosal cell kinetics. No significant differences were found among the groups in hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity, the first enzyme involved in activation of azoxymethane. However, there was increased activity of NADPH- and NADH reductases with high-I3C, which are the enzymes involved in the transfer of reducing equivalents to cytochrome P450. These results suggest that I3C lowers colon cancer risk through a mechanism not involving reduction of carcinogen activation by CYP2E1.
SynECO: Incremental technology mapping with constrained placement and fast detail routing for predictable timing improvement

We present SynECO, a framework to achieve predictable timing improvement via incremental resynthesis and replacement. We target timing-critical paths postplacement and resynthesize and replace promising gates. We show since the wire delays are the non-negligible contributors to a critical-path delay, it is crucial to accurately estimate them to make a predictable synthesis modification. For this purpose, we incorporate an accurate timing analysis tool which uses fast detail routing for wire delay estimation. This allows generating timing estimates that correlate much better with post-routing values compared to Steiner-tree-based estimate of wiring tree and using D2M delay model. Detail routing information allows incorporation of factors such as crosstalk, metal layer assignment and via delays which are crucial for accurate analysis. For fast synthesis, we constrain our logical modifications to be from the physical neighborhood of target gates on the critical paths. Our synthesis framework is completely integrated with the Cadence Encounter tools for physical design.
Flood pulsing and metacommunity dynamics in a desert riparian ecosystem

Abstract Questions: 1. Does flood pulsing drive metacommunity dynamics and provide insurance against catastrophic flooding in desert southwestern riparian ecosystems? 2. Do upland and wetland species in the floodplain differ in their dynamics? Location: Southwestern USA. Methods: We sampled vegetation and propagule banks in four communities along a floodplain hydrogradient. Plant species were classified as wetland or upland and community wetland indicator scores were calculated. ANOVA tested for differences between data categories amongst communities (extant vegetation and propagule banks) and soil depths. Sorensen's similarity coefficient was calculated to determine compositional similarity between vegetation and propagule banks. Results: Community propagule banks had high similarity indicating broad dispersal by flood waters. Wetland propagules were present in soils from channel bars to floodplain edges, despite declines in wetland vegetation with distance from channel. Wetland communities in propagule ...
THE HEME OXYGENASE SYSTEM:A Regulator of Second Messenger Gases

The heme oxygenase (HO) system consists of two forms identified to date: the oxidative stress-inducible protein HO-1 (HSP32) and the constitutive isozyme HO-2. These proteins, which are different gene products, have little in common in primary structure, regulation, or tissue distribution. Both, however, catalyze oxidation of heme to biologically active molecules: iron, a gene regulator; biliverdin, an antioxidant; and carbon monoxide, a heme ligand. Finding the impressive heme-degrading activity of brain led to the suggestion that "HO in brain has functions aside from heme degradation" and to subsequent exploration of carbon monoxide as a promising and potentially significant messenger molecule. There is much parallelism between the biological actions and functions of the CO- and NO-generating systems; and their regulation is intimately linked. This review highlights the current information on molecular and biochemical properties of HO-1 and HO-2 and addresses the possible mechanisms for mutual regulatory interactions between the CO- and NO-generating systems.
Cardiovascular disease in women.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women as it is for men. However, the awareness of this fact among women is low, who generally and incorrectly think that their leading cause of death is breast cancer. Graham Jackson’s erudite review provides the figures about CVD risk in women, examines their risk factors for CVD and discusses possible strategies for prevention and treatment. The large epidemiological study (INTERHEART) of Yusuf and colleagues 1 examined the risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in almost 30,000 men and women of all ages worldwide. The vast majority of risk could be attributed to nine modifiable factors (as shown in Table 3 of the review). Suitable medical management of conditions such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension is clearly essential for CVD prevention. However, lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, dietary factors and physical activity are notoriously difficult to modify in a general population, and most clinicians are aware of the difficulty of trying to inflict good health on people in terms of lifestyle modifications. Government-backed public interventions, such as the banning of smoking in public places, are hoped to help improve health, yet at the same time the
Update on venous thromboembolism: risk factors, mechanisms, and treatments.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, collectively called venous thromboembolism (VTE), are a public health crisis. The number of incident and recurrent VTE events are estimated at more than 1 million per year.1 Beyond the initial risk of death, estimated at greater than 30% within 30 days of the event, one third to one half of surviving patients develop recurrent thrombosis or long-term morbidity associated with postthrombotic syndrome.2,3 The economic burden of VTE is substantial; treatment of a single VTE event costs from $10 000 to more than $16 000 per person.4 Consequently, each year more than $2 billion dollars is spent on VTE treatment, attributable to costs associated with both new and recurrent events.4 Moreover, the impact of VTE is increasing with the growing aging population; risk rises from 1/10 000 at birth to 1/100 in individuals older than 80 years.1 Because pulmonary embolism risk rises faster than DVT, the relative incidence of pulmonary embolism, and therefore the fatal impact of VTE, also increases with age.1,5 Clearly, the health and economic burden of VTE is profound, and the need for improved understanding and treatment is essential. In 2005, the United States Senate designated March “Deep Vein Thrombosis Awareness Month.”6 A PubMed search for “‘venous thrombosis' or ‘pulmonary embolism'” in the 5 years before (2000 to 2004) versus the 5 years after (2005 to 2009) this designation reveals that publications increased ≈17% following the Senate's call. Of particular note are the more than 900 publications from clinical trials of VTE prevention and treatment between 2005 and 2009, underscoring the impact of VTE in the translational arena. Unfortunately, however, clinical progress is still limited by a deficit in understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of …
Scheduling of Network Television Programs

Maximizing average audience size is a major objective of national television networks. This paper examines the effect of scheduling programs on audience ratings. We determine the predictability of ratings and the major factors which influence ratings. We measure the extent to which ratings can be changed by rescheduling programs, and then test commonly discussed scheduling strategies and propose new strategies. Finally, we ascertain the extent to which the audience's benefit is served by a system of three major networks, each competing to maximize individual ratings. A forecasting model based on five years of historical data estimates ratings for hypothetical schedules. A heuristic fitting procedure yields a model which has consistent estimated parameters and explains about 70% of the variance. The previous year's ratings of a program and competing programs in its time slot are the best predictors of its rating. Also important are the day, time, and lead-in audience. The resulting estimates are incorporated in a combinatorial model, representing the decision of a program scheduler seeking to maximize ratings. A typical sized problem of scheduling 23 programs of various lengths into a week of 40 half-hour time slots can be formulated as a 65 × 800 assignment-type integer program. The optimizations show that rescheduling programs can, on the average, substantially increase a network's audience size 11.6% and advertising revenue $61 million per year. The optimal program scheduling for one network generally decreases the ratings of competing networks. The forecasting and optimization models are then used to evaluate commonly discussed scheduling strategies: Protecting Newcomers, Starting Fast, Homogeneity, Counterprogramming, and Bridging. Of these, Counterprogramming is the only strategy that is presently and optimally used and justified by the model. An additional strategy, termed "Avoidance," is discovered and theoretically justified by subadditivity in ratings. This strategy increases total audience size and benefits the viewing audience.
Strengthening the Role of Nurses in Medical Device Development.

Background Medical devices and innovative technology promise to revolutionize health care. Despite the importance of involving nurses in the collaborative medical device development processes, there are few learning opportunities in nursing programs. The purpose of this article is to provide a conceptual guide for nurse educators and researchers to engage nursing expertise in medical device development processes. Method A review of the literature guided the creation of the “Strengthening the Role of Nurses in Medical Device Development Roadmap” model. The model was used to describe how nurses can be engaged in multidisciplinary design of medical devices. An academic transdisciplinary team piloted the application of the model. Results The model includes the stages of needs assessment, planned brainstorm, feasibility determination, concept design, and prototype building. A transdisciplinary team case study of improving an asthma home-monitoring devices illustrates effective application of the model. Conclusion Nurse leaders in the academic setting can effectively use the “Strengthening the Role of Nurses in Medical Device Development Roadmap” to inform their engagement of nurses in early medical device development and innovation processes.
Synthesis of Polyfuran and Thiophene-Furan Alternating Copolymers Using Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation

There is intense interest in the rational design of semiconducting materials to improve organic electronics. Furan is a particularly attractive monomer for building biorenewable and biodegradable π-conjugated frameworks. In this report, regioregular head-to-tail and head-to-head poly(3-hexylfuran) were synthesized using chain-growth polycondensation. The resultant polyfurans have relatively low molecular weights but also low dispersities. The head-to-head polyfuran adopted a nearly identical coplanar backbone conformation as its head-to-tail analog in the solid state, as determined by UV–visible spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Extensive aggregation of the furan homopolymer during polymerization led to the investigation of an alternating furan-thiophene copolymer, confirming that furyl-based monomers can polymerize in a chain-growth manner. All of the synthesized polymers are sensitive when exposed to both oxygen and light.
Screening of chicks with erythromyeloblastic leukosis for plasma activity in dephosphorylation of adenosine triphosphate.

SummaryA micro procedure has been designed for the rapid testing, in 5 δ volumes, of the plasmas of chickens with erythromyelo-blastic leukosis for their capacity to dephos-phorylate adenosine triphosphate. Since this enzymatic activity is related both to the number of virus particles and to the infectivity of the plasmas, the test provides the means either for the measurement of those qualities or for the selection of chicks possessing the qualities in the desired degree. There is a wide variation in this enzymatic activity among the individuals of the diseased chick population. For practical application to the study of erythromyeloblastic leukosis, the test is comparable with the hemagglutinative reaction with the influenza virus. The test in its present form would not be useful in the diagnosis of erythromyeloblastic leukosis which can be accomplished much more easily by blood smear. No experiments have been made to learn whether the reaction might occur with the plasma of birds with visceral lymphomat...
Enzymes of the Purine Nucleotide Cycle in Muscles from Normal and Dystrophic Chickens

SummaryThe tissue levels of the enzymes involved in the proposed purine nucleotide cycle in muscle, adenylosuccinate synthetase and lyase and adenylate deaminase, have been determined in the sartorius and breast muscles of normal and genetically dystrophic chickens. The deaminase and synthetase levels in the breast decrease while the lyase levels rise.
Urban geography II: Urban geography in the Age of Ferguson

In August 2014, a white police officer shot Michael Brown, an unarmed black teenager in Ferguson, Missouri, USA, fueling the nascent Black Lives Matter movement. The following March, the US Departm...
Local and Extended Structures of d-(−)-Tartaric Acid on Pd(111)

The structures of d-(−)-tartaric acid on the Pd(111) surface are studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) supplemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations as a function of coverage and sample temperature. When low coverages of d-(−)-tartaric acid were dosed with the sample at 300 K, and then cooled to 120 K for imaging, doubly dehydrogenated tartrate species (C2H4O62–) are observed, while at higher coverages, singly deprotonated bitartrate species (C2H5O61–) are prevalent. STM images show that the tartrate species are isolated on the surface, while the bitartrate species oligomerize by extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions. DFT calculations show that the adsorption of tartrate species locally disrupts the Pd lattice thereby imparting strain to the surface. The interaction between the two tartrate species in a dimeric pair is suggested to be the contribution of three factors: the adsorption-induced stress to the surface, Coulombic repulsion between the tartrate species, and the intermol...
Approaching a Conceptual Understanding of Enzyme Kinetics and Inhibition: Development of an Active Learning Inquiry Activity for Prehealth and Nonscience Majors.

Presented is a guided inquiry activity designed to be conducted with prenursing students using an analogous system to help develop a conceptual understanding of factors impacting enzyme kinetics and the various types of enzyme inhibition. Pre- and postconceptual understanding evaluations and effectiveness of implementation surveys were given to the students (N = 55). The results indicate the students did slightly increase their conceptual understanding of the material after completing the activity. The result of the implementation survey provided insight into student-identified strengths and areas of improvement.
Investigation and analysis on baseline nutrition and health status of new recruits

[Objective] To realize the nutrition and health status of new recruits,understand their nutrition baseline and problems,and provide the scientific basis for guiding the rational diet in the military.[Methods] The physical examination,nutritional deficiencies examination,laboratory detection and nutrition knowledge questionnaires were conducted in 238 new recruits.[Results] 71.4% of new recruits had the normal body mass index,19.7% were overweight,3% were obesity,and 5.9% were underweight.The levels of hemoglobin,fasting blood glucose,serum vitamin A,serum vitamin C and serum vitamin E reached the normal standards.While the levels of serum calcium,serum iron and serum zinc were lower than the normal standards in 78.2%,15.1% and 5% of new recruits respectively.Questionnaires showed that most of soldiers did not completely understand the nutritional knowledge.[Conclusion] The nutrition status of new recruits is good generally,but some of them have malnutrition or overnutrition.There are some nutrition problems in different degrees,which include low hemoglobin,lack of vitamins and mineral elements.It is necessary to carry out the comprehensive nutrition interventions to improve their nutrition and healthy status.
Improvement of Group Cohesion based on Social Network Centrality Analysis

On the basis of social network theory,adopting the methods of centrality and central potential indexes,Y class of X University was taken as an example.Combined with the individual communication in the process of emotional "input" and "output" of the support relation,the centrality of the group's emotional support network is analyzed from point centrality and betweenness centrality.The inspirations and reflections are put forward.
Full-Dose Irradiation for Patients with Invasive Bladder Carcinoma: Clinical and Histological Factors Prognostic of Improved Survival

AbstractWe reviewed the outcome of 55 patients treated from 1974 to 1982 by full-dose radiation therapy (6,400 to 6,800 rad) to identify factors associated with tumor radioresponsiveness and patient cure. All patients had histological proof of muscle invasion by tumor. Of the patients 8 (14 per cent) had clinical stage T2, 29 (53 per cent) stage T3 and 18 (33 per cent) stage T4 disease.Thirteen patients are alive, all but 2 without evidence of cancer. Survivors include 1 of 9 patients who underwent salvage cystectomy for a local recurrence. The actuarial 5-year survival rate for the entire group was 28 per cent, with a corrected survival of 33 per cent. Median survival was 2.3 years. Corrected survival for patients with stages T2 and T3 disease was 45 per cent versus 9 per cent for those with stage T4 cancer (p equals 0.009). Within the group with stages T2 and T3 cancer (all with proof of muscle invasion) the most striking prognostic factor was papillary surface histological findings, with local control ...
Molecular and antigenic characteristics of influenza B virus isolated in Zhejiang province in 2006

2006年浙江省乙型流感的流行强度明显较往年增强,为明确2006年浙江省乙型流感病毒流行株的分子进化特征,分析其发生暴发的原因,我们对当年从各地市分离的乙型流感病毒进行了抗原及基因特征分析,并与2005年分离毒株进行比较。
Uses of Videotape for Therapeutic Confrontation

My presentation concerns itself with the use of videotape recording of emotionally abreactive behavior obtained in the altered state of consciousness induced by intravenous barbiturate as an initiating step in the treatment of the post traumatic stress disorders of war — both chronic and delayed. Later the fully conscious patient was confronted with his televised behavior and his responses thereto were sought. The audiotelevised recordings were shown as well to family members and have been widely used to educate psychiatrists and other mental health personnel as to the nature of the war induced post traumatic stress disorders.