cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Multimedia to Create Explicit and Culturally Responsive Content Area Vocabulary Lessons

Topics presented in content area courses at the secondary level are often comprised of specialized and/or multiple-meaning vocabulary terms that can challenge students’ understanding. Additionally,...
Correction to: Multi-server queueing systems with multiple priority classes

We correct the expressions of matrix $$\mathbf {B}^{(\ell )}$$ on page 340 and matrix $$\mathbf {L}^{(\ell )}$$ on page 341 in [1].
Fusion versus fixation in complex comminuted C3-type tibial pilon fractures: a systematic review.

Background Comminuted intra-articular tibial pilon fractures can be challenging to manage, with high revision rates and poor functional outcomes. This study reviewed [1] treatment, complications, and clinical outcomes in studies of complex comminuted tibial pilon fractures (type AO43-C3); and [2] primary ankle arthrodesis as a management option for these types of complex injuries. Methods A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed from 1990 to 2020 to determine complications and outcomes after staged fracture fixation and primary ankle joint arthrodesis for comminuted C3-type tibial pilon fractures. The search was conducted in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines, using the following MeSH terms: "tibial pilon"/"pilon fracture"/"plafond fracture"/"distal tibial"/"43-C3"/"ankle fracture"/"ankle fusion"/"primary ankle arthrodesis"/"pilon fracture staged"/"pilon external fixation" and "pilon open reduction internal fixation." Inclusion criteria were restricted to original articles in English language on adult patients ≥18 years of age. Eligibility criteria for retrieved publications were determined using a "PICO" approach (population, intervention/exposure, comparison, outcomes). Weighted analysis was used to compare treatment groups on time to definitive treatment, follow-up time, range of motion, fracture classification, and complications. Results The systematic literature review using the defined MeSH terms yielded 72 original articles. Of these, 13 articles met the eligibility criteria based on the PICO statements, of which 8 publications investigated the outcomes of a staged fixation approach in 308 cumulative patients, and 5 articles focused on primary ankle arthrodesis in 69 cumulative patients. For staged treatment, the mean wound complication rate was 14.6%, and the malunion/nonunion rate was 9.9%. For primary arthrodesis, the mean wound complication rate was 2.9%, and the malunion/nonunion rate was 2.9%. After risk stratification for fracture type and severity, the small cumulative cohort of patients included in the primary arthrodesis publications did not provide sufficient power to determine a clinically relevant difference in complications and long-term patient outcomes compared to the staged surgical fixation group. Conclusions At present, there is insufficient evidence in the published literature to provide guidance towards consideration of ankle arthrodesis for complex comminuted C3-type tibial pilon fractures, compared to the standard treatment by staged surgical fracture fixation.
Ad Reinhardt’s “Black” Paintings

By education and inclination, Ad Reinhardt (1913–1967) was a politically engaged artist. His gifts suited him well for producing cartoons and collages in left-wing publications. But could he integrate his abstract, avant-garde painting with his activism? The solution came largely through his readings and lifelong friendship with Trappist monk Thomas Merton. Reinhardt’s famous “black” paintings embody negation theology—defining the deity by what it is not. Further, because these paintings require several minutes of intense looking simply to grasp, they exemplify what I call “slow art,” which recreates in a secular idiom the conditions for rumination common to spiritual practices. To jettison the ecclesiastical was not, for Reinhardt, to abandon the spiritual: Merton described his own “black” painting as “a very ‘holy’ picture … an ‘image’ without features to accustom the mind … to the night of prayer and … set aside trivial and useless images that wander into prayer and spoil it.”
The histological pattern and pathological involvement of the anal transition zone in patients with ulcerative colitis

Abstract Background: The aim was to determine whether the transitional epithelium (TE) of the anal transition zone (ATZ) was involved by chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC) and whether preserving the ATZ preserves the disease. Methods: Proctocolectomy specimens from 50 CUC patients and 50 patients with rectal cancer serving as controls were stained with alcian-blue to map the ATZ, and biopsy specimens containing adjacent TE and rectal mucosa were examined. Results: The mean inflammation score (0, none; 4, severe) in TE of controls was 0.4, whereas in CUC it was 0.5. However, the mean inflammation score of the rectal mucosa within the ATZ was 0.2 in controls and 2.6 in CUC (P
Control system dynamics

From the Publisher: This thorough, clearly written introduction to automatic control engineering begins with the fundamentals of modeling mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical systems in the state variable format. The emphasis is on classical feedback control theory and design, and their application to practical electromechanical and aerospace problems. After discussing classical control theory, the author introduces modern control theory, including digital control and nonlinear system analysis. Over 230 problems relate principles to practical engineering situations.
Acyl Carrier Protein XIII. β-KETOACYL ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN SYNTHETASE FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI

Abstract The enzyme, β-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthetase, which catalyzes the formation of acetoacetyl-ACP from acetyl-ACP and malonyl-ACP, has been purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli. The molecular weight, determined from equilibrium centrifugation studies, is 66,000. Amino acid analysis after performic acid oxidation indicates that it contains 8 moles of cysteic acid per mole of protein. Titration with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) after protein denaturation with sodium dodecyl sulfate indicates 7.2 —SH groups per mole of protein. The enzyme is inhibited by iodoacetamide when 1 mole of cysteine per mole of protein is alkylated, and acetyl-ACP protects the enzyme against alkylation. The enzyme reacts with acetylACP to form an acetyl enzyme intermediate, and the properties of this intermediate suggest that the acetyl group is bound to a cysteine residue as an acyl thioester. Acetyl enzyme is active in transferring the acetyl group either to ACP to form acetyl-ACP or to malonyl-ACP to form acetoacetyl-ACP.
Federalism: A Critical Guide

This sweeping paper provides a concise critical overview of federalism scholarship and practice in comparative and interdisciplinary perspective. It presents and critiques historical debates about defining federalism, maps out a comprehensive normative theory of federalism, suggests the centrality of a refined theory to legal disputes, discusses the significance of new institutional theory, and reconsiders the purported consequences of federal architecture for key issues such as policy stability and polity stability. The paper closes by exploring avenues for expanding the reach of federalism all the way from private to global governance.
Value based care and bundled payments: Anesthesia care costs for outpatient oncology surgery using time-driven activity-based costing.

Abstract Background With the movement towards bundled payments, stakeholders should know the true cost of the care they deliver. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) can be used to estimate costs for each episode of care. In this analysis, TDABC is used to both estimate the costs of anesthesia care and identify the primary drivers of those costs of 11 common oncologic outpatient surgical procedures. Methods Personnel cost were calculated by determining the hourly cost of each provider and the associated process time of the 11 surgical procedures. Using the anesthesia record, drugs, supplies and equipment costs were identified and calculated. The current staffing model was used to determine baseline personnel costs for each procedure. Using the costs identified through TDABC analysis, the effect of different staffing ratios on anesthesia costs could be predicted. Results Costs for each of the procedures were determined. Process time and costs are linearly related. Personnel represented 79% of overall cost while drugs, supplies and equipment represented the remaining 21%. Changing staffing ratios shows potential savings between 13% and 28% across the 11 procedures. Conclusions TDABC can be used to estimate the costs of anesthesia care. This costing information is critical to assessing the anesthesiology component in a bundled payment. It can also be used to identify areas of cost savings and model costs of anesthesia care. CRNA to anesthesiologist staffing ratios profoundly influence the cost of care. This methodology could be applied to other medical specialties to help determine costs in the setting of bundled payments.
Pathological Assessment of Experimental Models of Stem Cell and Other Regenerative Therapies

Pathologic assessment plays a crucial role in cardiac stem cell and gene therapy research by allowing researchers to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of such therapies in cardiac tissues. Knowing the cell labeling procedures that have been applied and the delivery route selected for the administration of the treatment is useful for planning a strategy for pathologic evaluation. The pathologic examination of the hearts can be tailored to specific delivery routes for best results. A thorough gross and microscopic pathological examination can yield invaluable information regarding the focal or remote effects of the intended therapy and the fate of the administered biological agent.
Total nucleated cell and leukocyte differential counts in canine pleural and peritoneal fluid and equine synovial fluid samples: comparison of automated and manual methods.

Background Rapid and precise measurement of total and differential nucleated cell counts is a crucial diagnostic component of cavitary and synovial fluid analyses. Objectives The objectives of this study included (1) evaluation of reliability and precision of canine and equine fluid total nucleated cell count (TNCC) determined by the benchtop Abaxis VetScan HM5, in comparison with the automated reference instruments ADVIA 120 and the scil Vet abc, respectively, and (2) comparison of automated with manual canine differential nucleated cell counts. Methods The TNCC and differential counts in canine pleural and peritoneal, and equine synovial fluids were determined on the Abaxis VetScan HM5 and compared with the ADVIA 120 and Vet abc analyzer, respectively. Statistical analyses included correlation, least squares fit linear regression, Passing–Bablok regression, and Bland–Altman difference plots. In addition, precision of the total cell count generated by the VetScan HM5 was determined. Results Agreement was excellent without significant constant or proportional bias for canine cavitary fluid TNCC. Automated and manual differential counts had R2 < .5 for individual cell types (least squares fit linear regression). Equine synovial fluid TNCC agreed but with some bias due to the VetScan HM5 overestimating TNCC compared to the Vet abc. Intra-assay precision of the VetScan HM5 in 3 fluid samples was 2–31%. Conclusions The Abaxis VetScan HM5 provided rapid, reliable TNCC for canine and equine fluid samples. The differential nucleated cell count should be verified microscopically as counts from the VetScan HM5 and also from the ADVIA 120 were often incorrect in canine fluid samples.
Understanding sibling influence on adolescents' alcohol use: Social and cognitive pathways

Research indicates that older siblings uniquely influence their younger brothers' and sisters' substance use behaviors during adolescence; however, the underlying mechanisms of socialization are rarely examined. The present study investigated whether social and/or cognitive pathways mediated the association between adolescent siblings' alcohol use and whether these pathways were moderated by the gender composition of the sibling dyad. Participants included one parent and two adolescent siblings (M age=14.52 and 17.17years) from 326 families. Data were collected via telephone interviews. Path analysis demonstrated that the association between older and younger siblings' alcohol use was mediated via social and cognitive pathways. Specifically, older siblings' drinking was positively related to the frequency of siblings' co-use as well as more positive expectations about alcohol, which in turn were positively associated with younger siblings' alcohol use. Identifying the ways in which siblings influence each other's substance use and health is critical because they are emerging and effective targets of intervention and prevention.
Transductive confidence machine for active learning

This paper describes a novel active learning strategy using universal p-value measures of confidence based on algorithmic randomness, and transconductive inference. The early stopping criterion for active learning is based on the bias-variance tradeoff for classification. This corresponds to that learning instance when the boundary bias becomes positive, and requires one to switch from active to random selection of learning examples. The sign for the boundary and the increase in the classification error are two manifestations of the same phenomena, i.e., over-training. The experimental results presented show the feasibility and usefulness of our novel approach using a non-separable two-class classification problem. Our hybrid learning strategy achieves competitive performance against standard nearest neighbor methods using much fewer training examples.
The real risks of steroid injection for plantar fasciitis, with a review of conservative therapies

This article presents a review of conservative therapies for plantar fasciitis pain reduction with a discussion of steroid therapy risks. The therapies reviewed include orthoses, stretching, extracorporeal shockwave, BTX-A, and corticosteroid injection/iontophoresis. These modes were included based on the availability of double blinded randomized controlled trials. We noted the following findings. Orthoses, regardless of type, can improve pain levels. Plantar stretching shows limited short-term benefit (1 month), but can reflect significant long-term improvement (10 months). Extracorporeal shockwave therapy shows equivocal benefit with some studies showing significant improvement and others showing none. Although BTX-A injections were the least studied, significant pain improvement was demonstrated in the short and long term. Steroid injection/iontophoresis showed significant improvement in the short term (1 month). Steroid therapy, when coupled with plantar stretching, can provide efficacious pain relief; however, steroid injections should be combined with ultrasound monitoring to reduce complications.
Abstract 2136: Nuclear trafficking of Tie2 is associated with radioresistance of gliomas

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Resistance and relapse are still primary causes that result in poor effectiveness of chemo- and radiotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme (GBMs), the most frequent subtype of primary brain tumors in adults. Patients suffering from this disease exhibit a median survival that ranges from 9 to 15 month, and the disease invariably recur after therapy due to the presence of cells exhibiting a multidrug-resistance phenotype. Aberrant DNA repair pathways can enable tumor cells to survive DNA damage that is induced after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, development of new therapeutic strategies requires the identification of key molecular pathways regulating the resistant phenotype of these tumors. Previous work from our laboratory showed that Tie2, a previously considered specific vascular tyrosine kinase receptor, was expressed in glioma tumors and in brain tumor stem cells. The degree of expression of Tie2 was related to the malignancy of these tumors, and played an essential role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of gliomas. Our current research is focused on deciphering the mechanisms underlying this critical function. We found that density of Tie2 receptors in the membrane decreased upon exposure to both ligand (angiopoietin 1, Ang1) and ionizing irradiation (IR). Immunoflurorescence studies using confocal microscope and subcellular fractionation followed by Western blot showed that Tie2 traffics from the cellular membrane to the nucleus upon both stimuli. Western blot analysis using antibodies against N- and C-terminus, and against phosphorylated-Tie2, indicated that the nuclear Tie2 is a full-length protein, and importantly that is phosphorylated at Tyr992. Of biological importance, to find the role of Tie2 in the nucleus, we irradiated the glioma cells, U251.Tie2, and found that ionizing radiation also helps Tie2 to move to the nucleus and importantly it binds with γH2AX one of the key DNA repair protein complex. By using confocal microscopy we found that Tie2 makes foci with γH2AX after DNA damage. We also found that after genotoxic stress like ionizing radiation or DNA-damaging drugs, Tie2-expressing cells were more resistant to DNA damaging effect, as assessed by cell viability assay and comet assay. Collectively, the nuclear Tie2 plays important role in the DNA repair which will result in the design of Tie2-targeting combinational therapies for patients with glioblastomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2136. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2136
Evidence for a critical role of panretinal pathophysiology in experimental ROP

In this review, we summarize our in vivo studies of retinal pathophysiology in experimental models of retinopathy of prematurity, which were largely focused on the temporal and spatial links between retinal neovascularization (NV), vascular oxygenation, and intraretinal ion regulation. These studies were made possible through the use of magnetic resonance methods. Prior to the phenotype change from normal vessel development to NV, we found little support for a pathogenic role of focal retinal hypoxia at the border of vascular and avascular retina. However, key links were found between retinal NV and functional panretinal defects in both oxygenation to a provocation and intraretinal ion regulation. Through a treatment which reduced NV incidence but not panretinal pathophysiology, proliferative disease was found to last longer than that in the untreated group. These considerations provide compelling evidence that clinical attention directed toward reducing retinal NV should include approaches that reduce functional panretinal pathophysiology.
The production of cobalt experimental epilepsy in the rat

Abstract Metallic cobalt powder applied to the cerebral cortex of the rat is a consistently effective method of producing a chronic epileptic discharging focus in this species. The ECoG changes consisted of slow waves, sharp waves and spikes and their climax was often accompanied by clonic movements of body musculature. Audio- and photostimulation enhanced both clinical and ECoG manifestations. Possible mechanisms for the epileptic activity of this substance are discussed in the light of the histological changes which are described in detail.
Preferential killing of glucose-depleted HeLa cells by menadione and hyperthermia.

Energy deprivation of cancer cells increases sensitivity to killing by hyperthermia. Recent cell culture studies suggest that certain naphthoquinones, especially menadione (vitamin K3), have anti-tumour activity by interfering with the energy metabolism of cells, resulting in the inhibition of aerobic glycolysis. We therefore studied the cytotoxic effects of menadione in HeLa cells in combination with hyperthermia. The cell culture data show that the cytotoxicity is markedly increased in cells deprived of glucose in the medium at 37°c after exposure to menadione. When cells were exposed to menadione (20–40 μM) and hyperthermia (41–42°c), there was a dramatic potentiation of heat-induced cytotoxicity in cells deprived of glucose in the medium. These data suggest that glucose-deficient cancer cells could be selectively killed by the combined treatment of menadione and mild hyperthermia, both of which can be readily achievable in humans.
Theory of fluorescence and probe absorption in the presence of a driving field using semiclassical dressed states.

A theory of resonance fluorescence in a monochromatic field and pump-probe spectroscopy is developed using semiclassical dressed states. The semiclassical dressed states are obtained via a rotation from the time-dependent state vectors in a field-interaction representation. Although the semiclassical dressed states are not stationary states as are the dressed states in a quantized-field formulation, they still offer all the conceptual advantages of a dressed-atom approach. Moreover, the line-shape formulas can be obtained directly from physically intuitive equations, without having to invoke the quantum regression theorem and without having to worry about cascades and coherences in the ladder of quantized dressed states. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Current algebra formulation of radiative corrections in gauge theories and the universality of the weak interactions

A current algebra formulation of the radiative corrections in gauge theories, with special applications to the analysis of the universality of the weak interactions, is developed in the framework of quantum chromodynamics. For definiteness, we work in the SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1) model with four quark flavors, but the methods are quite general and can be applied to other theories. The explicit cancellation of ultraviolet divergences for arbitrary semileptonic processes is achieved relying solely on the Ward identities and general considerations, both in the $W$ and Higgs sectors. The finite parts of order ${G}_{F}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ are then evaluated in the case of the superallowed Fermi transitions, including small effects proportional to ${g}_{s}^{\ensuremath{-}2}({\ensuremath{\kappa}}^{2})$, which are induced by the strong interactions in the asymptotic domain. We consider here both the simplest version of the Weinberg-Salam model in which the Higgs scalars transform as a single isospinor, as well as the case of general symmetry breaking. Except for the small effects proportional to ${g}_{s}^{\ensuremath{-}2}({\ensuremath{\kappa}}^{2})$, the results are identical to the answers previously found on the basis of heuristic arguments. The phenomenological verification of Cabibbo universality on the basis of these corrections and the superallowed Fermi transitions has been discussed before and found to be in very good agreement with present experimental evidence. The analogous calculation for the transition rate of pion $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay is given. Theoretical alternatives to quantum chromodynamics as a framework for the evaluation of the radiative corrections are briefly discussed. The appendixes contain a generalization of an important result in the theory of radiative corrections due to L. S. Brown, G. Preparata, and W. I. Weisberger, an analysis of the hadronic contributions to the $W$ and $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ propagators, mathematical methods for evaluating the ${g}_{s}^{\ensuremath{-}2}({\ensuremath{\kappa}}^{2})$ corrections, and discussions of quark mass renormalization and the absence of operator "seagulls" in the hadronic correlation functions. Some of the methods discussed in this paper can also be applied to the study of radiative corrections of order ${G}_{F}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ to other processes affected by the strong interactions.
Philadelphia area residents' views on the disproportionate representation of blacks and Hispanics in the criminal justice system

Using open-ended survey questions, this study looks to expand on prior race and crime public opinion research by examining Philadelphia area residents' views as to why they believed Blacks and Hispanics are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. The results reveal that Philadelphia citizens do have distinct opinions, in that a majority of participants discussed several contributing factors. Respondents believed that family influences, economic reasons, and lack of education were top contributing factors to both Black and Hispanic disproportionality. Generally speaking, similarities were found in individual participants' responses to both Black and Hispanic disproportionality questions, with a few notable exceptions. White respondents were significantly more likely to believe that economic factors contribute to the overrepresentation of Blacks in the criminal justice system. Finally, participants' answers to the Black and Hispanic questions did not differ based on the race of the respondent.
Optimization neural net for multiple-target data association: real-time optical lab results

Abstract The Hopfield neural network was first used for optimization in solving the famous Traveling Salesman Problem.We have applied a similar approach to the solution of another problem, namely data association for multiple targets.Simulation data are presented which demonstrate the network's ability to successfully determine the optimum dataassociation solutions, with target noise present. Simulations also indicate the ability to solve the problem on a low accuracy (analog optical) processor. Optical implementation issues are discussed, and an bptical architecture is presented with laboratory results. Introduction \t=n+1 t=n xx x association matrixtarget estimates target measurements Figure 1 : ifiustration of the Data Association Problem.The data association (DA) problem for multitarget tracking (MU) is illustrated in Fig. 1 . Existing targets in agiven time frame must be associated with target measurements obtained in the next time frame. The existing targetdata are target state estimates which have been computed using previous measurement data. The properly associated
On a theory of learning with similarity functions

Kernel functions have become an extremely popular tool in machine learning, with an attractive theory as well. This theory views a kernel as implicitly mapping data points into a possibly very high dimensional space, and describes a kernel function as being good for a given learning problem if data is separable by a large margin in that implicit space. However, while quite elegant, this theory does not directly correspond to one's intuition of a good kernel as a good similarity function. Furthermore, it may be difficult for a domain expert to use the theory to help design an appropriate kernel for the learning task at hand since the implicit mapping may not be easy to calculate. Finally, the requirement of positive semi-definiteness may rule out the most natural pairwise similarity functions for the given problem domain.In this work we develop an alternative, more general theory of learning with similarity functions (i.e., sufficient conditions for a similarity function to allow one to learn well) that does not require reference to implicit spaces, and does not require the function to be positive semi-definite (or even symmetric). Our results also generalize the standard theory in the sense that any good kernel function under the usual definition can be shown to also be a good similarity function under our definition (though with some loss in the parameters). In this way, we provide the first steps towards a theory of kernels that describes the effectiveness of a given kernel function in terms of natural similarity-based properties.
Religious Commitment and Social Relationships: Their Relative Contributions to Self-Esteem of Catholic Sisters in Later Life

SUMMARY In this paper we examine religious commitment and social relationships of Catholic sisters and the relative contributions of these and other variables to their self-esteem in later life. Using a sample of 377 Catholic sisters with an average age of 63.5, we conducted a series of a hierarchical recession analyses to examine the relative contributions of blocks of socio-demographic variables, religious commitment variables, personal relationship variables, and psychological variables to self-esteem. In the overall model, the extent to which relationships were rewarding, perceptions of themselves as women, coping strategies, and perceived self-control were significant and thus predictive of the self-esteem of Catholic sisters.
Absorption and fluorescence laser spectroscopy of Rb2 molecules

We combine techniques of high-resolution absorption spectroscopy and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy to study electric-dipole allowed Λ-transitions in rubidium molecules. By using a tunable diode laser, we excite several selected transitions between rotational sublevels of ground and excited electronic states and record the fluorescence spectral lines. We discuss the possibility of creating a rubidium laser based on the observed molecular transitions.
Deep arterial injury during experimental angioplasty: relation to a positive indium-111-labeled platelet scintigram, quantitative platelet deposition and mural thrombosis.

Although it is not clear why coronary occlusion and restenosis occur after successful coronary angioplasty, factors related to the procedure may influence early and late results. The possible adverse effects of a medial tear documented histologically and produced during balloon angioplasty of the common carotid arteries were studied in 30 fully heparinized (100 U/kg body weight) normal pigs. Scanning electron microscopy showed endothelial denudation and extensive platelet deposition in all dilated arterial segments. Visible macroscopic mural thrombus was present within an hour of the procedure in 29 (91%) of the 32 arteries that had a medial tear documented by histologic study; the tear produced an indium-111-labeled platelet deposition of 116.4 ± 26.5 × 106/cm2(mean ± SE) and total thrombotic occlusion in 2 arteries (4%). None of the 24 arteries without a medial tear had a thrombus, and the mean platelet deposition in that group was 7.0 ± 0.5 × 106/cm2(p Thus, arterial angioplasty causes deep arterial injury, which appears to be a major cause of mural thrombosis, heavy platelet deposition, a positive indium-lll-labeled platelet scintigram and acute arterial occlusion. A positive indium-lll-labeled platelet scintigram was always associated with macroscopic thrombus of at least 20 × 106platelets/cm2and underlying deep arterial injury.
Conceptual Writing in College-Level Mathematics Courses and Its Impact on Performance and Attitude.

This study looks at the impact of college students’ writing on a regular basis about mathematical concepts. Specifically we examine the effect of this practice on performance and attitude while controlling for confounding factors. Two professors and a total of 97 students in four different classes participated in the study. Students in the writing groups were required to write a total of eight papers, each concentrating on an important concept in the course. All students were given a visual skills assessment at the beginning and end of the course. Students in the writing group were assessed to determine their attitude toward the writing assignments. Positive trends were associated with the writing group over the non-writing group in overall score and in all but one of six individual components. However, within the writing group, students’ attitude toward writing in mathematics class was negative.
Androgyny in a male-dominated field: The relationship of sex-typed traits to performance and satisfaction in engineering

The relationship of sex-typed traits to performance and to satisfaction in engineering was investigated using a sample of men and women engineers with five years or less of professional work experience. Both men and women engineers high in instrumentality (androgynous and masculine) reported greater levels of supervisory and technical responsibility, salary, involvement in professional activities, and satisfaction than those low in instrumentality (feminine and undifferentiated). Expressiveness was not significantly related to any of the measures of performance or satisfaction. Although a few sex differences were found, the magnitude of the effects were generally smaller than those for instrumentality. Engineers' self-ratings of various abilities were also positively related to instrumentality. Only a small percentage of variance in the performance and satisfaction measures was accounted for by sex and sex-typed traits.
Engineered metal binding sites on green fluorescence protein.

The ability to assay a variety of metals by noninvasive methods has applications in both biomedical and environmental research. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein isolated from coelenterates that exhibits spontaneous fluorescence. GFP does not require any exogenous cofactors for fluorescence, and can be easily appended to other proteins at the DNA level, producing a fluorescence-labeled target protein in vivo. Metals in close proximity to chromophores are known to quench fluorescence in a distance-dependent fashion. Potential metal binding sites on the surface of GFP have been identified and mutant proteins have been designed, created, and characterized. These metal-binding mutants of GFP exhibit fluorescence quenching at lower transition metal ion concentrations than those of the wild-type protein. These GFP mutants represent a new class of protein-based metal sensors.
Analysis of shunt currents and associated corrosion of bipolar plates in PEM fuel cells

Abstract Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are being developed for future NASA missions. These fuel cells use a bipolar construction, with internal manifolds to conduct product water and coolant water. The wetted surfaces of the manifolds present large voltage gradients across the product water and coolant water passages, which can induce water electrolysis in the manifolds of full-scale stacks. If not controlled, shunt currents lead to parasitic power losses and corrosion of the fuel cell metal surfaces; therefore, it is important to understand and characterize the effects of shunt currents. This analysis also applies to electrolyzers, flow-batteries and other devices where an electrolyte manifold experiences voltage gradients. In this work, electrochemical characterizations were performed to estimate these characteristics under relevant operating conditions. A numerical solution of the shunt currents is presented, and the distribution of water electrolysis and corrosion is described.
Estimation of Travel Times in Multiple Mode Systems

This paper describes a procedure for generating estimates of the minimum travel times (shortest distances, least cost routes) between pairs of points on a standard map. The procedure exhibits substantial improvements in accuracy over the traditional generation methods involving simple orthogonal and vector-directed distance metrics. These improvements are achieved by combining the traditional methods with algorithms which find shortest routes in networks. The new procedure is particularly appropriate to the analysis of transportation or distribution systems which entail "multiple-mode travel", e.g. surface road vs. expressway travel, or railway vs. air travel. The advantages of the procedure are illustrated with empirical evidence from a simulation study of travel times in a large urban area. Finally, the generality of this procedure to a wide class of problems is discussed.
A 0 -stable linear multistep formulas of the α-type

Theα-type linear multistep formulas are a generalization of the Adams-type formulas. This paper is concerned with completely characterizing theA0-stability of thek-step, orderk α-type formulas. Specifically, all such formulas of orders 4 or less are identified and it is shown that noα-type formulas of order 5 or more exist. These theorems generalize some previous results.
Collective electromagnetic relaxation in crystals of molecular magnets

We study the magnetization reversal and electromagnetic radiation due to collective Landau-Zener relaxation in an ideal crystal of molecular magnets. Analytical and numerical solutions for the time dependence of the relaxation process are obtained. The power of the radiation and the total emitted energy are computed as functions of the crystal parameters and the field sweep rate.
Use of a health information exchange system in the emergency care of children

Background Children may benefit greatly in terms of safety and care coordination from the information sharing promised by health information exchange (HIE). While information exchange capability is a required feature of the certified electronic health record, we known little regarding how this technology is used in general and for pediatric patients specifically.
EDGE coupled variable microfluidic directional coupler

A microstrip directional coupler with a microfluidic superstrate in the coupling gap is investigated.In the microfluidic channel, relative dielectric constant values ranging from er = 81 to er = 1, deionized water and air are studied, respectively. The tuning range of the coupler is evaluated experimentally and compared to its full-wave simulation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:756–758, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI: 10.1002/mop.27436
Connecting the DOTs: covalent histone modifications and the formation of silent chromatin

Histone methylation has emerged as a significant regulator of chromatin structure and function. Two different classes of histone methyltransferase (HMT) have been described, which target either lysine or arginine residues in the histone N-terminal tails. A flurry of recent papers now describe a third class of HMT that affects chromatin silencing indirectly, not by methylation of histone tails, but instead by targeting a conserved lysine residue in the core domain of the nucleosome.
Uptake of nitric acid by sub‐micron‐sized ice particles

The uptake of gas phase nitric acid by half-micron-diameter ice crystals has been studied at 230 K by measuring the nitrate content of ice particles which have been exposed to 5 × 10−6 torr of nitric acid in a low temperature flow tube. A cold NaOH-coated denuder is used to distinguish gas-phase nitric acid from adsorbed nitric acid. Ice particle diameters were determined by fitting measured aerosol infrared extinction spectra to spectra calculated via Mie theory, and their number density is measured directly with a CN counter. Under conditions in which the surface is saturated and not all the gas-phase nitric acid adsorbs, the measured uptakes are 1.2 × 1014 molecules/cm² where the surface area is the geometric area of the particles. Within experimental uncertainties, this surface coverage is the same as that measured on thin films of ice formed by freezing liquid water. These results are the first quantitative study of the nitric acid uptake capacity of ice particles, and they provide additional support to the suggestion that ice and snow provide a route for the efficient scavenging of nitric acid from the atmosphere.
Direct evidence for the response of B and T cells to pokeweed mitogen.

Abstract Chicken spleen cells containing chromosomally marked thymus derived (T) and bursa-derived (B2) cells were evaluated for their ability to respond to pokeweed mitogen (PWM), concanavalin A (Con A), and to anti-immunoglobulin serum during a 4-day culture period. The results indicate that soluble PWM induces a proliferative response of B2 cells in addition to a predominant T cell response. The PWM-induced B2 cell proliferative response was clearly detected only at 4 days after culture initiation. Soluble Con A did not induce detectable proliferation of B2 cells and stimulated T cells exclusively. In contrast, anti-immunoglobulin serum was a specific stimulant for B2 cells under the culture conditions used.
From innocence to experience: teaching medical ethics to medical students.

The author describes the content and method of a course in medical ethics for second-year medical students. He discusses the clergyperson's role in teaching medical ethics in relationship to physicians and concludes with reflections upon the study of medical ethics as part of the rite of passage of medical education.
Who should undergo surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis? Treatment effect predictors in SPORT.

STUDY DESIGN Combined prospective randomized controlled trial and observational cohort study of degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) with an as-treated analysis. OBJECTIVE To determine modifiers of the treatment effect (TE) of surgery (the difference between surgical and nonoperative outcomes) for DS using subgroup analysis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial demonstrated a positive surgical TE for DS at the group level. However, individual characteristics may affect TE. METHODS Patients with DS were treated with either surgery (n = 395) or nonoperative care (n = 210) and were analyzed according to treatment received. Fifty-five baseline variables were used to define subgroups for calculating the time-weighted average TE for the Oswestry Disability Index during 4 years (TE = [INCREMENT] Oswestry Disability Index(surgery)- [INCREMENT] Oswestry Disability Index(nonoperative)). Variables with significant subgroup-by-treatment interactions (P 67, P= 0.014); female sex (TE -15.6 vs.-11.2 for males, P= 0.01); the absence of stomach problems (TE -15.2 vs.-11.3 for those with stomach problems, P= 0.035); neurogenic claudication (TE -15.3 vs.-9.0 for those without claudication, P= 0.004); reflex asymmetry (TE -17.3 vs.-13.0 for those without asymmetry, P= 0.016); opioid use (TE -18.4 vs.-11.7 for those not using opioids, P< 0.001); not taking antidepressants (TE -14.5 vs.-5.4 for those on antidepressants, P= 0.014); dissatisfaction with symptoms (TE -14.5 vs.-8.3 for those satisfied or neutral, P= 0.039); and anticipating a high likelihood of improvement with surgery (TE -14.8 vs.-5.1 for anticipating a low likelihood of improvement with surgery, P= 0.019) were independently associated with greater TE. CONCLUSION Patients who met strict inclusion criteria improved more with surgery than with nonoperative treatment, regardless of other specific characteristics. However, TE varied significantly across certain subgroups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
The management of genitourinary trauma in Nigeria

No Abstract. Keywords : genitourinary trauma; imaging studies; renal injuries Archives of Ibadan Medicine Vol. 7 (1) 2006: 42-46
A Comparison of Methods for Polyuronide Methoxyl Determination

A comparison was made between three basic methods for determining methoxyl (OMe) groups in a polyuronide, viz., step-wise oxidation-reduction initiated by hydriodic acid, neutralization of de-esterified carboxyl groups with potassium hydroxide, and direct combustion of methanol by gas chromatography. Accuracy and precision of the methods were ascertained by analyzing methyl fuorate. All the methods were accurate. The neutralization and gas chromatographic methods had major advantages of simplicity and shortness of time of completion over the hydriodic acid/bromine method. Dimethylsulfoxide in the the saponification medium had no special effect.
THE POTENTIAL FOR ADVANCED CERAMICS IN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE APPLICATIONS

Although the progress in industrial application of structural ceramics was over-forecast in the last decade, the materials appear to be on the cusp of application in certain automotive components. This article reports on a study of the economics of replacing certain metallic automobile valve-train components with ceramic components. Because of the costs of the materials and the associated processes, ceramic parts are most competitive in new designs and when used as valve-train systems.
Mars Pathfinder Mission Operations Concept

Abstract Mars Pathfinder is one of the first of NASA's Discovery series of low cost planetary missions. A number of innovative design, fabrication, and management techniques have been adopted during the development phase to stay within the $150M (FY'92) cost cap. With the upcoming December 1996 launch, the same faster, better, cheaper spirit is being applied to develop a low cost approach for mission operations. The operability of the Flight System and Ground Data System enable an operations architecture in which all primary activities are performed by a core group of functional generalists. This group consists of experienced development and test personnel whose skills are augmented with cross-training and contingency testing. The small size of this team combined with a flat management structure permit highly streamlined and efficient operations processes. This efficiency is critical during the surface mission when daily updates to the operational plan will occur.
Recrystallization texture of copper as a function of layer thickness in roll-bonded Cu-Nb composites

The extraordinary strength values of composites with nano-scale layers or phases have inspired much investigation into the strengthening mechanisms of laminated composites such as Cu-Nb. The annealed microstructure and texture of any material govern its mechanical properties in composites just as much as in single-phase materials yet studies on the development of annealing textures of such deformed layered composites are still very limited as compared to studies of strengthening mechanisms. Recrystallization textures of monolithic pure Cu and alloyed Cu - C19210 as well as when they are reinforced with Nb using roll-bonding are investigated. The rollbonded samples of different layered length scales were deformed to reductions of 70-90% and annealed at 300oC and 800oC for 0.5 hours. We found that the Cube and R-orientation {124} were the dominant components in the recrystallized texture of monolithic pure Cu and alloyed Cu respectively. However, retained rolling texture was obtained for the sub-micron Cu layers of the composites. X-ray analysis and EBSD was used to study the recrystallization evolution of the Cu in the composites. EBSD in particular was also used to observe recrystallization for the sub-micron Cu layers. In this paper we also discuss the effect of the length scale of the Cu layer thickness on the recrystallized texture especially in the sub-micron range.
1. Boron trifluoride activaed 3-thiazolines. An efficient preparation of functionalized thiazolidines.

Abstract Boron trifluoride activated 2,2,5-trialkyl-3-thiazolines react with a wide range of organometallic reagents to generate substituted thiazolidines.