cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stress research: review and reappraisal

The pervasive nature of stress is an all too familiar phenomenon. That undesirable levels of stress can affect our productivity and the quality of our work as well as our general health and well-being has been thoroughly established. These critical effects however that stress has on our working and leisure life for both blue and white-collar workers and its significant contribution to the development of coronary heart disease makes it essential for industrial engineers to understand this phenomenon, with the objective that consideratons of stress-management be given during the design and maintenance of the work environment. This paper discusses the phenomenon of stress, reviews methodologies for measuring stress, discusses some sources of occupational stress, and presents some strategies for its management. Language: en
Perspective on Quality Risk Management of Pharmaceutical Quality

Quality risk management for the pharmaceutical industry was recently defined in internationally harmonized guidance as a systematic process for the assessment, control, communication, and review of risks to the quality of the drug product across the product life cycle. Two overarching principles for quality risk management are that evaluations of risk should be scientifically based and ultimately linked to risk to the patient, and the level of effort and documentation of quality risk management processes should be commensurate with the level of risk. Numerous tools for risk management come from other applied sciences and manufacturing having a longer history of risk management. The degree of quantitative sophistication among tools varies from generalized and qualitative, “high-level” tools to computationally rigorous, “low-level,” quantitative tools. Risk is described in -recent guidance as a combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm. Risk management always comes with uncertainty, given that it calls for projections of the likelihood of adverse events for given severities. As a relatively new application of risk management, quality risk management can benefit from adapting existing theory and practice to pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Use of a single silastic IV catheter for cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations

Use of a single percutaneous silastic IV catheter for cystic fibrosis hospitalizations was evaluated among 23 patients during 45 hospitalizations. Patients ages ranged from 4 to 20 years and weights from 18 to 60 kg. Percutaneous silastic catheters were used for infusion of all IV antibiotics and IV fluids. Catheters remained in place for a total of 549 patient days (mean 12.2, range 2-34). No patient demonstrated clinical signs of local infection or sepsis. Thirty six catheters served as the single IV access for a patient's entire hospitalization. Nine catheters were removed because of discomfort, obstruction, or mechanical dysfunction before the conclusion of the hospitalization. A single, percutaneously placed silastic catheter appears to be a safe and effective way of maintaining IV access throughout the duration of hospitalization for cystic fibrosis exacerbations.
Innovative Delivery Of MBA Business Foundation Coursework: Does Integrated, Team Teaching Make A Difference?

Team-teaching is often viewed as a viable alternative to traditional delivery approaches in graduate business programs. However there is little research to support the benefits of team-teaching from a student learning perspective. This paper demonstrates that student achievement in “downstream” MBA courses is significantly improved when they complete integrated, team-taught business foundation courses.
Explorations on the total synthesis of the unusual marine alkaloid chartelline A.

In work directed toward a total synthesis of chartelline A (1a), a strategy was investigated to construct the 10-membered ring of this marine alkaloid via an intramolecular aldehyde/β-lactam cyclocondensation to form the macrocyclic enamide functionality. Therefore, spiro-β-lactam and imidazole fragments were first prepared. Tribromooxindole β-lactam 24 was synthesized from commercially available 5-nitroisatin (18) in seven steps and 30% overall yield via a Staudinger ketene−imine [2 + 2]-cycloaddition strategy. The requisite 2-bromoimidazole subunit 40 bearing a terminal alkyne and a masked aldehyde was efficiently prepared from the readily available imidazole ester 25 in 10 steps. With both advanced intermediates available, the addition of the lithium acetylide generated from 2-bromoimidazole subunit 40 to the γ-lactam carbonyl group of N-Boc-tribromooxindole 24 was investigated, affording the desired N-Boc-aminal 41. Hydrolysis of the acetonide moiety of 41, followed by oxidative cleavage of the result...
AKT activation is sufficient for maintenance of Ras-initiated tumour growth in vivo

2590 While much is understood regarding the molecular events that initiate tumour growth, many of the requirements to maintain this growth remain to be elucidated. One protein often activated in cancer cells that is known to be essential to both the initiation and maintenance stages of tumour progression is the oncogene Ras. Activated Ras binds to and activates a number of downstream proteins or effectors, notably i) Rafs, serine/threonine kinases that trigger the MAP-kinase cascade that is well established to promote cell proliferation, ii) PI3-kinase, a lipid kinase that activates the pro-survival AKT pathway, and iii) RalGEFs, GDP exchange factors for Ral A and B that are critical for the tumourigenic conversion of normal human cells. We now show by activating specific effectors of Ras that oncogenic Ras employs different effectors during the initiation and maintenance steps of tumourigenesis. Specifically, initiation of tumour growth requires all three of these effector pathways whereas when Ras signalling is silenced after tumour initiation, tumour growth continues only if PI3-kinase is still stimulated. This latter effect depended upon activation of the downstream target AKT, as an activated version of AKT or a decrease in the tumour suppressor PTEN, a negative regulator of this pathway5, similarly maintained tumour growth upon the loss of Ras signalling. In fact, just the presence of a malignant cells allowed otherwise non-malignant cells with an activated PI3-kinase pathway to populate tumours to the extent they comprised the majority of the tumour bulk. We therefore conclude that firstly, once tumour growth is initiated, activation of the pro-survival PI3-kinase/AKT pathway is sufficient to maintain this growth, and secondly, pre-malignant cells that activate this pathway can contribute significantly to the neoplastic growth of tumours.
A Phenomenological Approach to Donnie Darko

Richard Kelly's Donnie Darko (2001), a tragic and schizophrenic science fiction coming-of-age tale is a perplexing and paradoxical film with multiple interpretations and many aporias of meaning. In this examination, I first compare the two standard phenomenological ways to regard the film: either Donnie exists in a science fiction world or he is schizophrenic. Second, I pose a new and divergent reading of the filmic world: Donnie is a character in a story of artistic mourning. Third, I compare the feature film and the director's cut in terms of world and world view and conclude that the latter reduces the tragic existential hero to a scifi messiah.
Outpatient-Based Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies: Cost Saving or Cost Shifting?

PURPOSE: To determine whether a shift in care from an inpatient-based to an outpatient-based bone marrow transplantation (BMT) program decreased charges to payers without increasing clinical complications or out-of-pocket costs to patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This nonrandomized prospective cohort study compared clinical and economic outcomes for 132 consecutive BMT patients with hematologic malignancies who received either inpatient- or outpatient-based BMT care. RESULTS: Seventeen of 132 BMT patients underwent outpatient-based BMT. Compared with the inpatient-based group, the outpatient-based group had a markedly lower mean number of inpatient hospital days (22 v 47; P < .001) and decreased mean inpatient facility charges ($61,059 less per patient; P < .0001) but had higher mean outpatient facility charges ($49,732 higher; P < .0001). Total professional fees were similar for the groups. The mean total charge to payers was only 7% less ($12,652; P = .21) for outpatient-based BMT than for inpatient-base...
Functional MRI of Sensorimotor Cortex in Preterm Infants

Functional MRI (fMRI) findings in a group of 5 pre-term infants were correlated with a unilateral passive forearm extension/flexion to relate the functional data to structural and behavioral data, in studies at the University of Bonn, Germany; and University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands.
Basking Western Pond Turtle Response to Recreational Trail Use in Urban California

Abstract The presence of human activity near freshwater turtle habitat can have a negative impact on a range of turtle behaviors. We assessed whether human use of a recreational trail had an effect on basking behavior of western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) by observing individuals basking while we monitored recreational disturbances. Based on our results, we suggest limiting the number or times of operation of motor vehicle traffic adjacent to western pond turtle habitat to restrict impacts on basking behavior.
Erratum to: Immunotherapy in endometrial cancer - an evolving therapeutic paradigm

Unfortunately, after publication of the article [1] it was noticed that Table 2 (Table ​(Table11 here) was formatted incorrectly during the production process. The corrected table can be seen below and the original article has been updated to reflect this change. Table 1 Immunotherapeutic approaches and their application to endometrial cancera
Giant duodenal ulcers. Successful healing with medical therapy.

Giant duodenal ulcers (GDU) have been associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality unless early operative intervention is undertaken. There are few published reports of successful medical management of GDU. Therefore, we reviewed 14 consecutive patients with GDU at our institution. Excluding the following cases: Two patients who had elective surgery, two patients who died from unrelated causes, and one patients who initially presented with a complication of GDU, complete healing was accomplished in eight of nine patients with cimetidine, antacids, and close observation. We conclude from our review that uncomplicated GDU can be successfully treated with medical therapy.
QT INTERVAL IN ELITE ATHLETES

Athlete's Heart is the constellation of cardiac adaptations to exercise training. Some experts have suggested that exercise training may increase the QT interval and increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmia in athletes. We performed a meta-analysis to determine if these physiological changes lead
Patterns of Contraceptive Consistency among Young Adult Women in Southeastern Michigan: Longitudinal Findings Based on Journal Data.

Abstract Background We aimed to determine patterns of contraceptive consistency among heterosexually active, young adult women who do not desire pregnancy, and to identify factors associated with these patterns. Methods We analyzed longitudinal data from a population-based study of young adult women aged 18 and 19 who were representative of a single county in southeastern Michigan. Using multinomial logistic regression, we identified associations between contraceptive consistency (dependent outcome) and sociodemographic characteristics and personal factors. Findings We categorized women into three patterns of contraceptive consistency: 1) always consistent (40%; reference group), 2) sometimes consistent (49%), 3) never consistent (11%). Not being employed was associated with increased odds of being sometimes consistent (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–2.2) and never consistent (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1–3.4). Those who reported a grade point average of 3.0 or less were more likely to be never consistent (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–5.3). Women in a serious relationship had a two times greater odds of being sometimes consistent. Among always consistent users, the oral contraceptive pill was most often used (55%); only 4% used the intrauterine device or implant. Sometimes consistent and never consistent users most frequently relied on condoms (35%) and withdrawal (68%), respectively. Conclusions This analysis of longitudinal data revealed that the majority of young adult women inconsistently used short-acting or coital-specific methods; few used the most effective, long-acting methods. Interventions to improve contraceptive consistency among young adult women should include periodic assessments of personal factors (i.e., work, school, relationships) and promotion of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods when appropriate.
CFD calculation of sinkage and trim

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for surface-ship boundary layers, wakes, and wave fields is extended by incorporating into it the capability of predicting sinkage and trim. The method is described and results are presented for the naval combatant FF1052 and the Series 60, C B = 0.6 parent hull. Resistance, sinkage and trim, and wave profile on the hull are compared between the calculations and the experimental data. The trends in the data are predicted correctly and there is also good quantitative agreement overall between the calculations and the data.
Determination of Histone H2AX Phosphorylation in DT40 Cells.

Abstract Visualization of DNA damage response protein recruitment to DNA damage sites enables measurement of the DNA damage. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and blocked replication forks induce the phosphorylation of H2AX at serine 139 (γH2AX), and accumulate γH2AX which can then be detected as foci. The detection of γH2AX foci by immunostaining with antibodies that recognize γH2AX is an indicator of DSBs presence. This chapter describes the measurement of γH2AX immunostaining using a high-content imaging platform in chicken DT40 B-lymphocyte cell lines.
Thickness dependence of mode I interlaminar fracture toughness in a carbon fiber thermosetting composite

Abstract The relation of the non-singular opening stress component with apparent fracture toughness was investigated for unidirectional carbon-fiber laminates by means of double cantilever beam experiments in which laminate thickness was varied. It was found that a sample configuration with smaller thickness related to a higher apparent fracture toughness measurement. This result was explained by the presence of a negative non-singular opening stress component, which was found to decrease with thickness. The experimental procedure utilized first crack propagation from the initial polytetrafluoroethylene insert to avoid ambiguity of defining crack location due to crack curving, resulting in a wider crack front and fiber bridging. The two dimensional finite element analyses were used to calculate the corresponding singular and non-singular stress components and the energy release rates. Based on the experimental results a two parameter linear elastic fracture mechanics model was calibrated to incorporate the thickness dependence of the apparent fracture toughness.
Economic Concentration: Structure, Behavior, and Public Policy

(1975). Economic Concentration: Structure, Behavior, and Public Policy. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 515-523.
Turning High School Students into MRS Authors and Presenters: The Magic of the Garcia Summer Scholars Program

More than 50 high school students each year learn how to conduct science research at the Garcia Summer Scholars Program at Stony Brook University through hands-on, inquiry-based methods. Started in 1998, the program has already provided hundreds of students from diverse backgrounds a unique opportunity for outstanding scientific performance and achievement. In this paper, we present a brief overview of how the program operates as well as several case studies that display the effect of the Garcia Program on student accomplishment. The evidence provided demonstrates that the Garcia Program has had an overwhelmingly positive effect on its many student participants, regardless of their background or socio-economic status.
Light-front field theory in the description of hadrons

We discuss the use of light-front field theory in the descriptions of hadrons. In particular, we clarify the confusion in the prevailing notion of the equivalence between the infinite momentum frame and the light-front dynamics and the advantage of the light-front dynamics in hadron physics. As an application, we present our recent work on the flavor asymmetry in the proton sea and identify the presence of the delta-function contributions associated with end-point singularities arising from the chiral effective theory calculation. The results pave the way for phenomenological applications of pion cloud models that are manifestly consistent with the chiral symmetry properties of QCD.
Ecosystem services provided by bats

Ecosystem services are the benefits obtained from the environment that increase human well-being. Economic valuation is conducted by measuring the human welfare gains or losses that result from changes in the provision of ecosystem services. Bats have long been postulated to play important roles in arthropod suppression, seed dispersal, and pollination; however, only recently have these ecosystem services begun to be thoroughly evaluated. Here, we review the available literature on the ecological and economic impact of ecosystem services provided by bats. We describe dietary preferences, foraging behaviors, adaptations, and phylogenetic histories of insectivorous, frugivorous, and nectarivorous bats worldwide in the context of their respective ecosystem services. For each trophic ensemble, we discuss the consequences of these ecological interactions on both natural and agricultural systems. Throughout this review, we highlight the research needed to fully determine the ecosystem services in question. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of economic valuation of ecosystem services. Unfortunately, few studies estimating the economic value of ecosystem services provided by bats have been conducted to date; however, we outline a framework that could be used in future studies to more fully address this question. Consumptive goods provided by bats, such as food and guano, are often exchanged in markets where the market price indicates an economic value. Nonmarket valuation methods can be used to estimate the economic value of nonconsumptive services, including inputs to agricultural production and recreational activities. Information on the ecological and economic value of ecosystem services provided by bats can be used to inform decisions regarding where and when to protect or restore bat populations and associated habitats, as well as to improve public perception of bats.
Fear or Familiarity? Neighborhood Effects and Employers' Perceptions of a Criminal Record

This article examines how neighborhood violent crime influences hiring decisions made by local employers. I focus on the labor market outcomes of job seekers with a criminal record, arguing that pr...
Lack of Furosemide Responsiveness Predicts Acute Kidney Injury in Infants After Cardiac Surgery

Background This was a retrospective study to determine whether lack of furosemide responsiveness (LFR) predicts acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in infants. Methods Infants (less than 1 year of age) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, receiving routine postoperative furosemide (0.8 to 1.2 mg/kg per dose between 8 and 24 hours after surgery) were included. Urine output was measured 2 and 6 hours after furosemide dose. Lack of furosemide responsiveness was defined a priori as urine output less than 1 mL · kg −1 · h −1 after furosemide. Serum creatinine was corrected for fluid balance. Acute kidney injury was determined using changes in uncorrected and corrected serum creatinine. The predictive utility of LFR was assessed using receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis. Results We analyzed 568 infants who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass. Eighty-one (14.3%) had AKI using uncorrected serum creatinine; AKI occurred in 41 (7.2%) after correcting for fluid overload. Patients with AKI had a lower response to furosemide (median urine output 2 hours: 1.2 versus 3.4 mL · kg −1 · h −1 , p = 0.01; median urine output 6 hours: 1.3 versus 2.9 mL · kg −1 · h −1 , p = 0.01). After creatinine correction, LFR predicts AKI development (area under receiver-operating characteristics curve of 0.74 at 2 hours and 0.77 at 6 hours). After adjusting for surgical complexity using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons/European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery mortality categories, the area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve was 0.74 at 2 hours and 0.81 at 6 hours. Patients with urine output greater than 1 mL · kg −1 · h −1 were unlikely to have AKI (negative predictive value, 97%). Conclusions After correcting serum creatinine for fluid balance and adjusting for surgical complexity, LFR performs fairly at 2 hours, whereas at 6 hours, LFR is a good AKI predictor. Prospective studies are needed to validate whether diuretic responsiveness predicts AKI.
Processing of tRNA is accomplished by a high-molecular-weight enzyme complex.

A complex of functionally related enzymes is in essence a highly concentrated manufacturing unit completing various steps simultaneously or sequentially on the same or related substrates. The substrates are efficiently available to all enzymes. Enzymes of the complex could influence each other’s activities through their physical association or their prior action on the substrate. Such influence affects regulation of metabolic processes. Regulation, or the lack of it, is of primary interest to the elucidation of molecular oncology.
Kinetic modeling of [18 F]VAT, a novel radioligand for positron emission tomography imaging vesicular acetylcholine transporter in non-human primate brain.

Molecular imaging of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in the brain provides an important cholinergic biomarker for the pathophysiology and treatment of dementias including Alzheimer's disease. In this study, kinetics modeling methods were applied and compared for quantifying regional brain uptake of the VAChT-specific positron emission tomography radiotracer, ((-)-(1-(-8-(2-fluoroethoxy)-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)(4-fluorophenyl)-methanone) ([18 F]VAT) in macaques. Total volume distribution (VT ) estimates were compared for one-tissue compartment model (1TCM), two-tissue compartment model (2TCM), Logan graphic analysis (LoganAIF) and multiple linear analysis (MA1) with arterial blood input function using data from three macaques. Using the cerebellum-hemispheres as the reference region with data from seven macaques, three additional models were compared: reference tissue model (RTM), simplified RTM (SRTM), and Logan graphic analysis (LoganREF). Model selection criterion indicated that a) 2TCM and SRTM were the most appropriate kinetics models for [18 F]VAT; and b) SRTM was strongly correlated with 2TCM (Pearson's coefficients r > 0.93, p 0.72). These studies demonstrate [18 F]VAT is a promising VAChT positron emission tomography tracer for quantitative assessment of VAChT levels in the brain of living subjects.
Solar energy management as an Internet of Things (IoT) application

Photovoltaic (PV) array analytics and control have become necessary for remote solar farms and for intelligent fault detection and power optimization. The management of a PV array requires auxiliary electronics that are attached to each solar panel. A collaborative industry-university-government project was established to create a smart monitoring device (SMD) and establish associated algorithms and software for fault detection and solar array management. First generation smart monitoring devices (SMDs) were built in Japan. At the same time, Arizona State University initiated research in algorithms and software to monitor and control individual solar panels. Second generation SMDs were developed later and included sensors for monitoring voltage, current, temperature, and irradiance at each individual panel. The latest SMDs include a radio and relays which allow modifying solar array connection topologies. With each panel equipped with such a sophisticated SMD, solar panels in a PV array behave essentially as nodes in an Internet of Things (IoT) type of topology. This solar energy IoT system is currently programmable and can: a) provide mobile analytics, b) enable solar farm control, c) detect and remedy faults, d) optimize power under different shading conditions, and e) reduce inverter transients. A series of federal and industry grants sponsored research on statistical signal analysis, communications, and optimization of this system. A Cyber-Physical project, whose aim is to improve solar array efficiency and robustness using new machine learning and imaging methods, was launched recently.
C2 Translaminar Screw Fixation in Children.

BACKGROUND Axis (C2) screw fixation has been shown to be effective in treating disorders that necessitate cervical stabilization. Although translaminar C2 screws have demonstrated clinical efficacy in adults, this technique has not yet been thoroughly investigated in children. This study describes the indications, technique, and results of translaminar C2 screw fixation in a case series of pediatric cervical spine disorders. METHODS We searched the orthopaedic database at our institution for patients who had undergone a cervical spinal fusion that encompassed C2 between 2007 and 2017. Operative records were reviewed to determine if C2 screw fixation was performed and, if so, the type of C2 screw fixation. Clinical data with regard to patient age at surgery, diagnosis, procedure details, intraoperative complications, and postoperative complications were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative computer tomographic scans were reviewed to determine laminar measurements and containment, respectively. RESULTS In total, 39 C2 translaminar screws were placed in 23 patients that met our inclusion criteria. The mean age was 12.6 years (range, 5.2 to 17.8 y) with a mean of 2 levels fused (range, 1 to 6). Diagnoses included 7 patients with instability related to skeletal dysplasia, 6 os odontoideum, 4 congenital deformities, 3 basilar invaginations, 2 cervical spine tumors, and 1 fracture. Indications for C2 translaminar screws included 14 cases with distorted anatomy favoring C2 translaminar screws, 6 cases without explicit reasoning for translaminar screw usage in the patient records, and 3 cases with intraoperative vertebral artery injury (1 sacrificed secondary to tumor load and 2 others injured during exposure because of anomalous anatomy). The vertebral artery injuries were not due to placement of any instrumentation. There were no screw-related intraoperative or postoperative complications and no neurological injuries. All patients demonstrated clinical union or healing on follow-up with no episodes of nonunion. CONCLUSIONS Translaminar C2 screw fixation can be reliably used in the pediatric population. Our series contained no screw-related complications, no neurological injuries, and all patients demonstrated clinical union or healing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV-Case series.
Cross-Cultural Studies of Taste and Smell Perception

There have been few quantitative cross-cultural studies of taste and smell perception in humans, despite the obvious relevance of such research to scientific and commercial enterprises, and the fact that many cultures differ in their food preparation, dietary, and personal hygienic practices. The important role of the chemical senses to the species as a whole in such diverse matters as the detection of dangerous fumes and the selection of appropriate foodstuffs suggests that the basic chemosensory mechanisms responsible for the detection and evaluation of chemical signals are essentially the same among cultures. However, genetically related sensitivities to specific odorants and tastants (e.g., androstenone and phenylthiocarbamide) vary in frequency from group to group, and likely account for at least some cross-cultural differences in taste and odor preferences and aversions. These genetically determined factors interact with the well-known influences of experience on taste and smell perception to produce a variety of chemosensory experiences.
Possibilistic Multiple Objective Decision Making

Stochastic programming has been used since the late 1950s for decision models where input data (coefficients in LP problems) have been given probability distributions. Pioneer works were done by Dantzig, Beale, Tintner, Simon, Charnes, Cooper and Symonds. Since then, a number of stochastic programming models have been formulated in inventory theory, system maintenance, micro-economics, and banking and finance. The most recent summaries of the development of stochastic programming methods are Stancu-Minasian and Wets (see Appendix).
Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR): Leading Towards Another Generation of the Model

The risk-need-responsivity (RNR) framework has great utility to the field of corrections and public policy about how best to punish and treat those involved in the justice system. The basic premise is that the decision should be grounded in responsivity—the response that will generate the most desired positive outcomes, particularly if one is interested in reducing recidivism. We have explored the RNR framework and have presented an updated RNR framework with empirically and clinically based principles. In this final chapter, we highlight six key conclusions: (1) there is an expansive body of literature supporting an RNR framework of treatment and program delivery; (2) offender risk and need assessment instruments can, with some adjustments, be used to identify primary offender risks and needs; (3) a significant treatment gap in services currently exists to address offender’s primary needs, and this gap contributes to the current high rates of negative outcomes; (4) meta-analyses of correctional treatment programs can be used to identify programs that result in significant reductions in recidivism; (5) simulation models that test RNR implementation scenarios on a large scale illustrate substantial reductions in recidivism; and (6) RNR programming can be integrated into a system of treatment delivery designed for particular jurisdictions. Future research is needed in the area of substance use disorders, measurement of criminogenic needs, identifying dosage levels, testing treatment matching strategies, and understanding how offender-level demographics should be integrated into the RNR model. Together, these will advance the next generation on the RNR framework.
Host-Pathogen Interactions: What the EHEC Are We Learning from Host Genome-Wide Screens?

ABSTRACT Several genome-wide screens have been conducted to identify host cell factors involved in the pathogenesis of bacterial pathogens whose virulence is dependent on type III secretion systems (T3SSs), nanomachines responsible for the translocation of proteins into host cells. In the most recent of these, Pacheco et al. (mBio 9:e01003-18, 2018, http://mbio.asm.org/content/9/3/e01003-18.full) screened a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats with Cas9) knockout library for host proteins involved in the pathogenesis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Their study revealed an unrecognized link between EHEC’s two major virulence determinants (its T3SS and Shiga toxins). We discuss these findings in light of data from three other genome-wide screens. Each of these studies uncovered multiple host cell determinants, which curiously share little to no overlap but primarily are involved in mediating early interactions between T3SSs and host cells. We therefore consider how each screen was performed, the advantages and disadvantages of each, and how follow-up studies might be designed to address these issues.
Neurosurgical approaches to pediatric epilepsy: Indications, techniques, and outcomes of common surgical procedures.

Abstract Epilepsy is a common pediatric neurological condition, and approximately one-third of children with epilepsy are refractory to medical management. For these children neurosurgery may be indicated, but operative success is dependent on complete delineation of the epileptogenic zone. In this review, surgical techniques for pediatric epilepsy are considered. First, potentially-curative operations are discussed and broadly divided into resections and disconnections. Then, two palliative approaches to seizure control are reviewed. Finally, future neurosurgical approaches to epilepsy are considered.
Seasonal predictability of the tropical Atlantic variability: northern tropical Atlantic pattern

A series of ensemble predictability experiments in a setting of the “perfect” model scenario have been conducted using the global coupled community earth system model (CESM), Version 1.1, to evaluate the seasonal predictability of the northern tropical Atlantic (NTA) pattern in the tropical Atlantic variability (TAV). Our analysis of an 86-year control simulation shows that CESM reproduces the annual cycle and interannual variability realistically. In particular, the NTA patterns, extracted as the first modes of the rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) analyses, are consistent between the model and observations. A set of the extreme NTA events is selected from the control simulation based on the peaking values of the time series of the NTA mode. Ensemble predictability experiments are conducted to predict each of these events as the “truth” at seasonal lead times with small perturbations of the atmospheric initial states. The correlation and root mean square error (RMSE) of the ensemble mean, as well as the ensemble spread and reliability, are used to assess the prediction skill quantitatively. It demonstrates that the model can forecast the NTA events skillfully at monthly leads up to 9 months. Composite analysis of the predicted positive and negative events is conducted to explore the physical influences of the regional air–sea interaction and the remote forcing from outside the Atlantic basin, such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It is shown that the surface latent heat flux anomalies, generated by surface wind anomalies over the northern tropical Atlantic from boreal fall and winter, force the NTA SST anomalies that peak in spring. Most of these wind anomalies are in turn generated by the remote ENSO forcing. As a result, the NTA pattern can be predicted realistically as long as the ENSO events are predictable.
1,2-Propanediol as a Surrogate Molecule of Glycerol for Mechanistic Studies of Selective Hydrodeoxygenation Reactions over Mo2C and Cu/Mo2C Surfaces

The upgrading of glycerol, a byproduct from biodiesel production, is important for developing more sustainable biomass conversion technologies. Nonetheless, the low vapor pressure and structural co...
Medication Accuracy in Electronic Health Records for Microbial Keratitis.

Importance Electronic health records (EHRs) contain an abundance of health information. However, researchers need to understand data accuracy to ask appropriate research questions. Objective To investigate the concordance of the names of medications for microbial keratitis in the structured, formal EHR medication list and the text of clinicians’ progress notes. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study, conducted in the cornea section of an ophthalmology department in a tertiary care, referral academic medical center, examined the medications of 53 patients with microbial keratitis treated until disease resolution from July 1, 2015, to August 1, 2018. Documentation of medications was compared between the structured medication list extracted from the EHR server and medications written into the clinical progress note and transcribed by the study team. Exposure Medication treatment for microbial keratitis. Main Outcomes and Measures Medication mismatch frequency. Results The study sample included 24 men and 29 women, with a mean (SD) age of 51.8 (19.6) years. Of the 247 medications identified, 57 (23.1%) of prescribed medications differed between the progress notes and the formal EHR-based medication list. Reasons included medications not prescribed via the EHR ordering system (25 [43.9%]), outside medications not reconciled in the internal EHR medication list (23 [40.4%]), and medications prescribed via the EHR ordering system and in the formal list, but not described in the clinical note (9 [15.8%]). Fortified antimicrobials represented the largest category for medication mismatch between modalities (17 of 70 [24.3%]). Nearly one-third of patients (17 [32.1%]) had at least 1 medication mismatch in their record. Conclusions and Relevance Almost 1 in 4 medications were mismatched between the progress note and formal medication list in the EHR. These findings suggest that EHR data should be checked for internal consistency before use in research.
Approach to the Patient with Hives.

Urticaria is a common presenting problem to the primary care provider. Acute urticaria lasting less than 6 weeks may be associated with a drug or food allergens. Chronic urticaria lasting more than 6 weeks is often associated without a known underlying cause. Inducible stimuli causing hives should be excluded using specific provocation testing. Treatment follows a standardized algorithmic approach as outlined by the Joint Task Force Practice Parameter and/or International Urticaria guidelines. Patients not responsive to steps 1 or 2 should be referred to an urticaria specialist for further evaluation and treatment. The prognosis and outcome of urticaria is generally very favorable for most patients.
Consistent perturbative modeling of pseudo-Newtonian core-collapse supernova simulations

We write down and apply the linearized fluid and gravitational equations consistent with pseudo-Newtonian simulations, whereby Newtonian hydrodynamics is used with a pseudo-Newtonian monopole and standard Newtonian gravity for higher multipoles. We thereby eliminate the need to use mode function matching to identify the active non-radial modes in pseudo-Newtonian core-collapse supernova simulations, in favor of the less complex and less costly mode frequency matching method. In doing so, we are able to measure appropriate boundary conditions for a mode calculation.
MYC needs MNT to drive B cells over the edge

MNT is a member of the MYC transcription factor network of proteins that must heterodimerize with MYC-associated factor X, or MAX for short, to bind certain DNA recognition motifs in gene promoters that regulate gene expression. Because many target genes that are activated by MYC:MAX dimers are repressed by MNT:MAX dimers, MNT is considered a transcriptional antagonist of MYC. However, the interaction of MNT and MYC goes further, beyond transcriptional antagonism, and governs a multitude of developmental pathways and cell fate decisions that include MNT’s ability to fortify or weaken MYC’s oncogenic potential depending on cell type and biological context. Previous work by Cory’s group pointed to a synergistic interaction of MYC and MNT in neoplastic B-cell development, but the underlying mechanism remained unclear. In this issue of Blood, Nguyen et al have now addressed this knowledge gap with a follow-up study that identified MNT as a promising molecular target for the treatment and prevention of MYC-dependent B-cell neoplasms such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma. This is significant because at this juncture aberrant MYC expression stubbornly resists any attempt at therapeutic targeting.
The Evolving AML Genomic Landscape: Therapeutic Implications

Improved understanding of the genomic and molecular landscape of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has resulted in a significant evolution of our understanding of AML biology and allows refined prognostication for those receiving standard combination chemotherapy induction. This dramatic increase in knowledge preceded, and was somewhat responsible for, at least some of eight new FDA drug approvals for AML. This review discusses the impact of genomics on clinical care of AML patients and highlights newly approved FDA drugs. Despite these recent clinical advances, however, the outcome for most patients diagnosed with AML remains dire. Thus, we describe here some of the challenges identified with treating AML including off-target toxicity, drug transporters, clonal heterogeneity, and adaptive resistance, and some of the most promising opportunities for improved therapy.
Quantum electrodynamics description of localized surface plasmons at a metal nanosphere

A canonical quantization scheme for localized surface plasmons (LSPs) in a metal nanosphere is presented based on a microscopic model composed of electromagnetic fields, oscillators that describe plasmons, and a reservoir that describes excitations other than plasmons. The eigenmodes of this fully quantum electrodynamic theory show a spectrum that includes radiative depolarization and broadening, including redshifting from the quasistatic LSP modes with increasing particle size. These spectral profiles correctly match those obtained with exact classical electrodynamics (Mie theory). The present scheme provides the electric fields per plasmon in both near- and far-field regions whereby its utility in the fields of quantum plasmonics and nano-optics is demonstrated.
Electricity grid resilience amid various natural disasters: Challenges and solutions

Abstract Electricity grid vulnerabilities can lead to outages with prolonged load interruptions. Research activities on the impact of natural disasters on power system are underway to figure out the outage reasons, identify the ways to prepare for preventive actions, and increase the resiliency for the corrective and preventive actions under such scenarios. This paper presented a review of the methods for the electricity grid vulnerability analysis, pre-disaster recovery planning, and post-disaster restoration models.
Sparrow Preferences for Winter Cover Crops in California's Central Coast

Agriculture in many regions of the world has reduced bird habitat and abundance, and altered avian community structure. A study was conducted on an organic research farm over two winters (Oct to Mar) in an intensive agricultural region of Salinas Valley, CA to determine how cover crop variety and planting density influenced birds. Cover crops were rye (Secale cereale), a mixture of rye and legumes (Vicia spp., Pisum sativum), and a mustard mixture (Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba). White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophyrs), Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) and Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) were observed both years in the study field. Bird droppings in cover crops were quantified and dissected to determine dietary preferences, and sparrow movement when flushed was determined. Dropping number and weight per m2 were at least 10 times greater in mustard than in rye and in the legume-rye mixture. Droppings were dominated by leaf tissue in mustard versus arthropod tissue in rye and legume-rye. Within cover crop variety, plant density did not have a clear or consistent effect on sparrows. Sparrows flushed from cover crops usually settled in mustard. The White-crowned Sparrow fed on mustard leaves and apparently on weed foliage under mustard. The arthropod-dominated droppings in rye and legume-rye cover crops were consistent with the food preferences of Song and Savannah Sparrows. The White-crowned Sparrow’s clear preference for mustard cover crops is likely due in part to their high dietary needs for sulfur-rich amino acids during the prenuptual molt. This paper provides novel information to help farmers and others understand the cover crop preferences of sparrows, and ways that farmers might use mustard cover crops as trap crops to reduce White-crowned Sparrow feeding damage on winter and spring vegetable crops. It also provides evidence of ecosystems services that these sparrows provide by feeding on weed tissue in winter cover crops.
Sensitivity to face animacy and inversion in childhood: Evidence from EEG data.

Abstract Adults exhibit relative behavioral difficulties in processing inanimate, artificial faces compared to real human faces, with implications for using artificial faces in research and designing artificial social agents. However, the developmental trajectory of inanimate face perception is unknown. To address this gap, we used electroencephalography to investigate inanimate faces processing in cross-sectional groups of 5–10-year-old children and adults. A face inversion manipulation was used to test whether face animacy processing relies on expert face processing strategies. Groups of 5-7-year-olds (N = 18), 8-10-year-olds (N = 18), and adults (N = 16) watched pictures of real or doll faces presented in an upright or inverted orientation. Analyses of event-related potentials revealed larger N170 amplitudes in response to doll faces, irrespective of age group or face orientation. Thus, the N170 is sensitive to face animacy by 5–7 years of age, but such sensitivity may not reflect high-level, expert face processing. Multivariate pattern analyses of the EEG signal additionally assessed whether animacy information could be reliably extracted during face processing. Face orientation, but not face animacy, could be reliably decoded from occipitotemporal channels in children and adults. Face animacy could be decoded from whole scalp channels in adults, but not children. Together, these results suggest that 5-10-year-old children exhibit some sensitivity to face animacy over occipitotemporal regions that is comparable to adults.
Nothing to Worry About: Why Liberals Underestimate Dominant Leaders and Act Complacently

When dominant-authoritarian leaders are successful, political liberals overwhelmingly express shock and disappointment. Beyond party affiliation, we offer a psychologically grounded explanation con...
Trending topics of SIRT1 in tumorigenicity.

Abstract Background Carcinogenesis is governed by a series of genetic alterations and epigenetic changes that lead to aberrant patterns in neoplastic cells. Sirtuin-1(SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, is capable of deacetylating histones and non-histone substrates that regulate various physiological activities during tumorigenesis. Recent studies have identified the role of SIRT1 in different stages of cancer, including genome instability, tumor initiation, proliferation, metabolism, and therapeutic response. However, the action of SIRT1 has been reported to be both oncogenic and tumor suppressive during carcinogenesis. Consequently, the biological functions of SIRT1 in cancer remain controversial. Scope of review We highlight the most recent findings on SIRT1 in different stages of tumorigenesis, and update the current status of SIRT1 small molecule modulators in clinical application of cancer treatment. Major conclusion By targeting both tumor suppressors and oncogenic proteins, SIRT1 has a bifunctional role at different stages of tumorigenesis. The impact of SIRT1 on tumorigenesis is also distinct at different stages and is dependent on its dosages. SIRT1 suppresses tumor initiation through its functions in promoting DNA repair, increasing genome stability, and inhibiting inflammation at the pre-cancer stage. However, SIRT1 enhances tumor proliferation, survival, and drug resistance through its roles in anti-apoptosis, pro-tumor metabolism, and anti-inflammation (inhibition of anti-tumor immunity) at the stages of tumor progression, metastasis, and relapse. Consequently, both SIRT1 inhibitors and activators have been explored for cancer treatment. General significance Better understanding the dose- and stage-dependent roles of SIRT1 in each cancer type can provide new avenues of exploration for therapy development.