cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy-dependent electron-energy-loss spectroscopy: Application to the surface and bulk electronic structure of MgO

The various effects that can occur when the primary electron energy, ${E}_{p}$, is varied in a reflection-energy-loss experiment are considered. For ${E}_{p}\ensuremath{\ge}100$ eV, the dominant effect is an increase of the electron mean free path with increasing ${E}_{p}$. By performing energy-loss measurements with $100 \mathrm{eV}\ensuremath{\le}{E}_{p}\ensuremath{\le}2000 \mathrm{eV}$, it is possible to unambiguously separate bulk and surface features in loss spectra. That technique has been applied to the MgO (100) surface, and both Mg intraionic and O-to-Mg interionic transitions have been studied. The former transitions are found to agree well with the excited-state spectra of free ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{2+}$ ions, while the latter agree more closely with itinerant-electron calculations of MgO. Intrinsic surface-state transitions are seen in both ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{2+}$ and O-to-Mg spectra. The Mg core-level surface-state spectra can be explained by Stark splitting of the surface ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{2+}$ levels in the intense electric fields at the crystal surface. The surface-state structure seen in O-to-Mg loss spectra agrees with discrete variational $X\ensuremath{\alpha}$ calculations of the MgO (100) surface and disagrees with linear combination of atomic orbitals calculations of the same surface. A low-energy-loss peak, possibly associated with surface defects, is seen on some surfaces; the exact nature of the surface defects involved is not yet clear.
The Duration of Carcinoma of the Lung

The study of the life history of cancer of the lung is best made by serial roentgenograms. The course of the disease as observed in this manner is herein described. As a result of these studies certain facts emerge as follows: 1)Cancer of the lung has a greater duration from its inception until death than has hitherto been considered. 2)In a small series of inoperable cases the average minimum duration of life was 22.5 months. 3)In a series of operable cases the average minimum duration from the time of the first roentgen evidences until surgery was 36.4 months. 4)Roentgen findings are usually present in the pre-symptomatic stages of the disease and are almost invariably present after the onset of symptoms. 5)The earliest roentgen evidences of the disease have been recorded as long as nine years before the death of the patient and as long as four and one-half years before the onset of symptoms. 6)The extension of peripheral lesions centrally thus simulating an origin in a large bronchus is described. 7)The development of roentgen evidences of obstruction long after the appearance of an enlarged hilum shadow is traced. 8)The various roentgen signs which appear early are delineated. The most frequent and important of these is an enlargement and irregularity of one hilum shadow.
1020-2 Evaluation of Aortic Regurgitation (AR) Using Color Doppler Jet Measurement: An Animal Study with Quantified AR

Although the color Doppler (CD) jet width and area measurement methods have been widely used clinically for evaluating the severity of aortic regurgitation (AR), there have been no studies comparing CD jet measurements with a strictly quantifiable reference standard for determining regurgitant volume. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of the CD jet area planimetry. jet length and jet neck width measurement methods for quantifying chronic AR. In 6 sheep, 3 with partial resection of the right coronary cusp and 3 with partial resection of the non coronary cusp to produce chronic AR, 21 hemodynamically different states were obtained pharmacologically 20 weeks 20 weeks recovery. AR jet length and area and the width of the imaged flow connection between the flow acceleration field and the expanding regurgitant jet, which we call the jet neck at its smallest diameter were imaged and measured using a Vingmed 775 scanner. The peak and mean regurgitant flow rates (RFR), regurgitant stroke volumes (RSV) and regurgitant fractions (RF) were determined using pulmonary and aortic electromagnetic flow probes and meters balanced against each other. Results using simple liner regression analysis between the CD jet data and hemodynamic data were as follows. Peak RFR Mean RFR RSV RF AR jet area r = 0.66 r = 0.74 r = 0.67 r = 0.68 AR jet length r = 0.40 r = 0.51 r = 0.46 r = 0.46 jet neck width r = 0.88 r = 0.95 r = 0.97 r = 0.89 jet neck/LVOT r = 0.84 r = 0.91 r = 0.94 r = 0.89 LVOT: Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Our study shows that the CD jet area and length methods have limited use for determining AR severity, and that the jet neck width method, either with or without normalization for LVOT size depending on patient population studied, should be most accurate for evaluating severity of AR.
Recent Studies On The Nonlinear Optical Properties Of Conjugated Linear Chains And Rigid Rod Polymers

One of the major focuses in the study of nonlinear optics in recent years has been the microscopic description of the second and third order π-electron virtual excitation processes in organic and polymeric systems. In particular, the question of correlation in systems of reduced dimensionality has been under intense study. Important evidence for the inadequacy of independent particle theories such as Huckel theory in these systems has been provided by the experimental discovery that below the one-photon 11Bu π-electronic state exists a two-photon 21Ag state in linear chain polyenes, in direct contradiction with these simple theories. It was then demonstrated that a proper account of the electron correlation resulting from electron-electron interactions was required in order to obtain the correct ordering of these two states.
Placental transfer of synthetic and endogenous estrogen conjugates in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

The placental transfer of conjugated and nonconjugated estrogens was compared in the pregnant rhesus monkey. Placement of catheters in the maternal and fetal circulation allowed for the sampling of blood after the administration of radiolabeled naturally occurring and synthetic estrogens to mother or fetus. In all cases, nonconjugated-estrogen placental transfer was greater than conjugated-estrogen transfer. Comparison of the conjugated estrogens suggested that diethylstilbestrol-monoglucuronide (DESG) was transferred less efficiently than the estrone-sulfate (E, S). High-performance liquid chromatog-raphy (HPLC) of selected plasma samples revealed that 50-90% of the E, S observed in the maternal circulation was cleaved after fetal administration. In contrast, HPLC of maternal or fetal plasma samples after DESG administration revealed only intact DESG. These results emphasize differences in the placental transfer of the synthetic and naturally occurring estrogen hormones.
Cooperative effects in regular and bifurcated intramolecular OH⋯OC interactions: A computational study

Abstract Density functional theory calculations are performed to investigate the stabilizing or destabilizing cooperative effects in regular and bifurcated intramolecular OH⋯O C hydrogen bond (H bond) interactions. Regular H bonds are examined in two model hydroxyketones: 1-hydroxy-3-butanone, and 5-hydroxy-4-quinolone. Bifurcated H bonds, OH⋯O( C)⋯HO, are examined in two model systems: 1,5-dihydroxy-3-pentanone, and 1,8-dihydroxy-9-acridinone. Changes in the strength of the H bonds are examined upon extending the backbone of each model system with polyol chains of varying size. Stabilizing cooperative effects are seen in both the regular and the bifurcated H bonds. When compared with corresponding regular H bond counterparts, the bifurcated H bond model systems exhibit destabilizing cooperative effects with polyol addition. It is found that, for comparable systems, the OH⋯O C interaction is strengthened more by stabilizing cooperative effects than it is weakened by destabilizing cooperative effects.
Gratification Patterns and Modernization in Rural Buganda

This paper examines the nature of the relationship of various aspects of the modernization process to deferred/immediate goal gratification among rural Baganda living in Uganda. Study 1 investigates and rejects the assumption that deferred gratification (or the willingness to postpone immediate desires for more substantial future rewards) is positively and linearly related to modernization. Study 2 examines additional factors, assumes a nonlinear relationship between the variables, and provides evidence that as modernization increases deferred gratification behavior increases, then levels off and eventually decreases. Previous research and interpretations are reviewed and examined, suggestions for future research provided, and the significance of studies of gratification behavior pointed out.
Near-Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy of Diamondoid Thiol Monolayers on Gold

Diamondoids, hydrocarbon molecules with cubic-diamond-cage structures, have unique properties with potential value for nanotechnology. The availability and ability to selectively functionalize this special class of nanodiamond materials opens new possibilities for surface modification, for high-efficiency field emitters in molecular electronics, as seed crystals for diamond growth, or as robust mechanical coatings. The properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of diamondoids are thus of fundamental interest for a variety of emerging applications. This paper presents the effects of thiol substitution position and polymantane order on diamondoid SAMs on gold using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A framework to determine both molecular tilt and twist through NEXAFS is presented and reveals highly ordered diamondoid SAMs, with the molecular orientation controlled by the thiol location. C 1s and S 2p binding energies are lower in ...
Encryption and the first amendment

Recently, only secret government agencies were concerned about cryptography. It now is an important matter for many individuals and businesses who use the Internet. That has led to an intense effort on the part of several governmental agencies to control cryptography. This article provides an explanation of the evolution of cryptography, a synopsis of the evolving cryptography debate, an examination of the different interests represented within the debate and a framework for analyzing the First Amendment issues that are involved. The paper applies the framework to the Clinton administration's initiatives and finds them unconstitutional.
The Clash of Medical Civilizations: Experiencing “Primary Care” in a Neoliberal Culture

An anthropologist describes how he found himself at the vortex of a "clash of medical civilizations:" neoliberalism and the international primary health care movement. His involvement in a $6 million social change initiative in medical education became a basis to unlock the hidden tensions, contradictions and movements within the "primary care" phenomenon. The essay is structured on five ethnographic stories, situated on a continuum from "natural" species-level primary care to "unnatural" neoliberal primary care. Food is an element of all tales. Taking the long view of history/prehistory permits us to better recognize ideological distortions in order to more capably transform medicine.
Red grape juice inhibits iron availability: application of an in vitro digestion/caco-2 cell model.

Adequate bioavailable Fe intake is essential for optimal growth and intellectual development of infants and children. Fruit juices are nutritious and popular drinks for infants and children and are known to contain Fe uptake inhibitors (e.g., polyphenolic compounds) and a dominant promoter, ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid is naturally present in fruit juices and is added during processing to almost all juices found in supermarkets. With these facts taken into account, an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model was developed to compare the effects of apple, pear, white grape, red grape, prune, grapefruir, and orange juices on iron bioavailability. In two series of experiments, juices from a local supermarket were combined with FeCl(3) or commercial infant cereal fortified with elemental iron and subject to simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. Caco-2 cell ferritin formation in response to exposure to the digests served as the measure of Fe uptake. The pear, apple, grapefruit, orange, and white grape juice significantly increased Fe bioavailability from FeCl(3). For the infant cereal studies, the apple, orange, pear, and white grape juices increased the Fe bioavailability of the infant cereal. In contrast, the red grape juice and prune juice had profound inhibitory effects on iron bioavailability. These inhibitory effects were likely due to high levels of polyphenolic compounds that bind and thereby prevent absorption of soluble Fe. These inhibitory compounds appeared to counteract the promotional effects of ascorbic acid as they were in considerable molar excess relative to ascorbic acid and Fe in the digest. From a nutritional standpoint, the results suggest that individuals in need of optimal Fe absorption should avoid red grape and prune juice or at least vary the types of juices consumed. Alternatively, individuals seeking to limit Fe uptake (e.g., hemochromatitics and astronauts) may be able to utilize red grape or prune juice as effective inhibitors of Fe uptake. Consumers should be aware that the compounds that inhibit Fe availability are also linked to anticancer benefits; thus, a dietary balance of the above juices may be optimal.
Multiple solutions and regularity of H-systems

The main result of this paper proves the existence of multiple solutions to a class of generalized constant mean curvature equations, called H-systems. Also contained is a regularity for conformal nharmonic maps.
A neuromorphic circuit that computes differential motion

Detecting moving objects in a moving background or a dynamic scene is essential to the survival of some animals. The circuitry computing differential motion is found in the biological retina. An object-motion-sensitivity (OMS) ganglion cell remains silent under global motion of the entire image but fires when the image patch in its receptive field moves differently from the background. In this paper, we present a neuromorphic circuit that compares the motion speeds of the central receptive field and peripheral receptive field. We demonstrate that there is a response if motion speeds of the central and peripheral receptive fields are different. However, the response is suppressed if motion speeds of central and peripheral receptive fields are the same.
Genome-Wide Survey and Expression Profiling of CCCH-Zinc Finger Family Reveals a Functional Module in Macrophage Activation

Previously, we have identified a novel CCCH zinc finger protein family as negative regulators of macrophage activation. To gain an overall insight into the entire CCCH zinc finger gene family and to evaluate their potential role in macrophage activation, here we performed a genome-wide survey of CCCH zinc finger genes in mouse and human. Totally 58 CCCH zinc finger genes in mouse and 55 in human were identified and most of them have not been reported previously. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the mouse CCCH family was divided into 6 groups. Meanwhile, we employed quantitative real-time PCR to profile their tissue expression patterns in adult mice. Clustering analysis showed that most of CCCH genes were broadly expressed in all of tissues examined with various levels. Interestingly, several CCCH genes Mbnl3, Zfp36l2, Zfp36, Zc3h12a, Zc3h12d, Zc3h7a and Leng9 were enriched in macrophage-related organs such as thymus, spleen, lung, intestine and adipose. Consistently, a comprehensive assessment of changes in expression of the 58 members of the mouse CCCH family during macrophage activation also revealed that these CCCH zinc finger genes were associated with the activation of bone marrow-derived macrophages by lipopolysaccharide. Taken together, this study not only identified a functional module of CCCH zinc finger genes in the regulation of macrophage activation but also provided the framework for future studies to dissect the function of this emerging gene family.
Cryogenic fluid dynamics

Abstract Ultrahigh Reynolds (Re) and Rayleigh (Ra) number flow can be produced and studied under controlled laboratory conditions using cryogenic liquid and gaseous He. Recent results on Rayleigh–Benard convection, pipe flow and towed grid turbulence are discussed together with some aspects of the future development.
Stereospecific effects of a κ-opiate antagonist on the actions of morphine in morphine-tolerant rats

Abstract The effects of κ-opiate receptor antagonist, MR 2266 and its dextro isomer, MR 2267 on morphine-induced analgesia and changes in colonic temperature were determined in morphine-naive and morphine-tolerant male Sprague-Dawley rats. Intraperitoneal administration of morphine (8 mg/kg) produced analgesia and hyperthermia in morphine-naive rats. MR 2266 (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) antagonized morphine-induced analgesia and hyperthermia in morphine-naive rats but MR 2267 was inactive. Subcutaneous implantation of six morphine pellets during a 7 day period induced tolerance to the analgesic and hyperthermic effects of morphine in the rat. MR 2266 also antagonized morphine analgesia and hyperthermia in morphine-tolerant rats, however, MR 2267 had no effect. A high dose (3 mg/kg) of MR 2266 produced an intense hypothermic response in morphine-tolerant rats. Previously we have shown that κ-opiate receptor agonists antagonize morphine analgesia in morphine-naive rats but potentiate it in morphine-tolerant rats. The results of the present studies indicate that the antagonist of κ-opiate receptors, on the other hand, antagonize morphine effects in both morphine-naive and morphine-tolerant rats in a stereospecific manner.
Interaction between the bone morphogenetic proteins and Ras/MAP-kinase signalling pathways in lung cancer

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are an integral component of the TGFbeta superfamily, responsible for regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and programmed cell death in a variety of cell types. The BMPs transduce their signals directly through the SMAD family of proteins but they also have been reported to interact with the MAPK and Erk pathways. Inactivation of the BMP pathway genes has been implicated as important in several cancers. Recent work has shown that BMP3b is epigenetically inactivated in cancer and suggests that BMP6 can be epigenetically inactivated. We investigated whether BMP6 is epigenetically inactivated in cell lines and whether BMP3b and BMP6 are epigenetically inactivated in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We also studied the relationship between BMP methylation and k-ras mutation. Here, we demonstrate that the BMP3b and BMP6 genes are common targets of epigenetic inactivation in NSCLC, and that they are significantly more likely to be concurrently inactivated (P=0.009). Furthermore, this coinactivation of BMP3b and BMP6 is significantly associated with mutation of k-ras codon 12 in lung cancer (P=0.003); those with a k-ras mutation were six times more likely to have concurrent methylation of these BMP loci. Hence, these data suggest that concurrent inactivation of the BMP and activation of the Ras signalling pathways are important in lung carcinogenesis.
Functional Status Care Categories and National Health Policy

Our society clearly needs to set limits on health care. The United States health care delivery system is the fourth largest economy in the world, yet its inflation continues to grow at twice the normal rate of other products and services. The inefficiencies are built in in such a way that while intensive care beds are plentiful, and very expensive, 37 million Americans cannot gain access to health care because they are either uninsured or underinsured. It is estimated that this figure will approach 39 million by the end of the decade.1 Since many of these individuals are young, the problem, it is said, has no real practical consequences because the young are relatively healthy. Yet evidence exists that the uninsured and underinsured receive poorer care than covered individuals.2 This and other inequities in the system have led many thinkers like Leonard Heck to ask how just we must be in society.3 The answer to this question would presumably help us determine the lengths we must go in correcting the inequities. Even if the peace-dividend emerges from the new political events around the world, and we are able to spend more of our money on health care, our resources are not a bottomless pit. If need alone drives the system, just performing open-heart surgery on everyone who needs it would cost more than the annual budget itself. Virtually everyone agrees, then, that escalating health care costs are a moral problem because justice is involved, a political problem because public interest is involved, and that limits must be set that are moral and public.4
Challenging pedigrees seen in a hereditary cancer consultation center.

Abstract The clinical translation of the significance of cancer “running in families” has become a source of major contention as a result of the explosion of knowledge about cancer causality at the molecular level. At the clinical level, the increasing awareness of the familial and hereditary burden of cancer has contributed heavily to both physician and lay concern about cancer risk. Problems in interpretation of the significance of a cancer family history may arise due to a variety of factors, and even if the physician correctly diagnoses a hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome there may still be barriers to patient compliance with surveillance and management recommendations. Our purpose is to discuss a variety of potential barriers in the diagnosis and management of patients at increased hereditary cancer risk, drawing on examples from a cohort of ∼300 families evaluated at Creighton University's Hereditary Cancer Consultation Center over 8 years. Each case was selected because of the presence of one or more clinical, pathologic, molecular genetic, psychosocial, economic, confidentiality, or insurance or employment discrimination factors that had the potential to pose an obstacle in diagnosis or in patient compliance with screening and management recommendations.
Detection of Folate Binding Protein with Enhanced Sensitivity Using a Functionalized Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor

In this report, we describe the development of a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor for detection of folate binding protein (FBP). Using a simple folate−BSA conjugate adsorbed onto a Au-coated quartz sensor, a detection limit of 30 nM was achieved. Binding of FBP to the sensor surface could be blocked at concentrations as high as 1 μM with a 100-fold excess of folic acid, indicating the specificity of the folate−FBP interaction and the absence of nonspecific binding to the functionalized surface. Moreover, capture could be achieved in the presence of blood serum, making the assay amenable to the analysis of bodily fluids. Further signal enhancement based on an anti-FBP antibody and protein-A-coated gold nanosphere sandwich assay extended the detection limit to 50 pM (∼3 orders-of-magnitude improvement). Given the overexpression of FBP in certain malignancies and inflammatory disorders, we expect the methodology described here to be useful to detect FBP as a possible biomarker for disease diagnosis.
Mutism and Pseudobulbar Symptoms after Resection of Posterior Fossa Tumors in Children: Incidence and Pathophysiology

MUTISM AND A variety of other neurobehavioral symptoms have been reported anecdotally after the removal of posterior fossa mass lesions. To determine the incidence and clinical spectrum of this syndrome, a detailed review was performed of patients undergoing resection of infratentorial tumors at our institution during the last 9 years; 12 of 142 patients (8.5%) manifested this syndrome, the largest series of such patients reported to date. Each child had a lesion that involved the vermis; seven had medulloblastomas, three had astrocytomas, and two had ependymomas. The incidence among children with vermian neoplasms was 13%. Ten children underwent division of the inferior vermis during tumor resection, and three had a superior vermian incision; one child underwent both superior and inferior vermian incisions. In 10 children, mutism developed in a delayed fashion postoperatively. The speech disturbance was associated with poor oral intake in 9 children, urinary retention in 5, long-tract signs in 6, and bizarre personality changes, emotional lability, and/or decreased initiation of voluntary movements in all 12. Neuropsychiatric testing, performed in seven children, confirmed impairments not only in speech but also in initiation of other motor activities. Ten children regained normal speech, bladder control, and neurological functioning, other than ataxia and mild dysarthria, within 1 to 16 weeks; two children had significant residual deficits. Characteristically, affect and oral intake returned to their preoperative baseline before the speech difficulties began to resolve. A detailed radiological review of these cases in parallel with 24 cases of vermian tumors without mutism identified only one factor that was significantly associated with the mutism syndrome, bilateral edema within the brachium pontis (P < 0.01). Neither the size of the tumor nor the length of vermian incision was associated with the development of mutism. The clinical features of this syndrome in the context of these imaging findings suggest that the mutism syndrome results from transient impairment of the afferent and/or efferent pathways of the dendate nuclei that are involved in initiating complex volitional movements. The clinical courses of our patients are presented and compared with those of similar cases in the literature in an attempt to evaluate the validity of this hypothesis.
Toward a Quality Workforce: Setting the Record Straight

Assuring quality health care to all children is a challenge to the entire medical community. Working collaboratively in teams is a time-tested approach that brings together the expertise of diverse individuals. Intrinsic in the team concept is that health care is not reduced to an either-or-approach, but is all-inclusive, taking into account the physical, emotional, developmental, cultural, and psychosocial needs of the child and the family. The policy statement, “Scope of Practice Issues in the Delivery of Pediatric Health Care,”1 was developed to serve as an advocacy tool to assist when legislators, policy makers, and other stakeholders deliberate issues of nonphysician scope of practice. Although it is understandable that some would take issue with components of … Address correspondence to Carol D. Berkowitz, MD, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, 1000 W Carson St, Box 437, Torrance, CA 90509. E-mail: carolb{at}pol.net
Anomalous spiral looping of a retinal vein

This is the report of a case studied in the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, and also a review of somewhat allied cases found recorded in the literature. Such anomalous retinal vessels should no longer be confused with hyaloid remains Most recorded cases are instances of arterial anomalies. Very few such deviations in the course of the veins have been observed.
SU-GG-I-103: Comparison of Model-Based Segmentation Systems for Contouring of Male Pelvic Structures

Purpose: Manual delineation of structures for radiation therapytreatment planning often is a laborious and time consuming process, particularly with IMRT, adaptive planning, and 4D CT data sets. In this study, two model‐based segmentation (MBS) systems are compared and evaluated for contouring of structures in the male pelvis. Method and Materials: Two commercially available MBS systems, Oncentra (Nucletron, Veenendaal NL) and Pinnacle (Philips Medical Systems, Madison WI) are used to delineate structures of the male pelvis for radiation therapytreatment planning. Five patients undergoing prostate IMRTtreatment were randomly selected and contoured in Pinnacle using non‐MBS tools; this is considered the benchmark. Contours were also generated using both MBS systems and subsequently corrected using manual non‐MBS tools that are similar to both Oncentra and Pinnacle. Contouring times and volumes for both MBS systems were compared and evaluated against the benchmark non‐MBS contours. Results: The average time to contour male pelvic structures with non‐MBS tools was 14.93 minutes. Using MBS, this was improved by 25.0% in Oncentra and 30.1% in Pinnacle. The mean reduction in time contouring using MBS with Oncentra and Pinnacle, respectively, was 2.8%±24.0 and 10.5%±15.5 for the prostate, 18.5%±24.0 and 25.5%±17.1 for the bladder, 2.6%±12.2 and 7.2% ±8.6 for the rectum, and 42.1%±15.1 and 45.4%±13.4 for both femurs. Using the MBS technique in Oncentra and Pinnacle, 28.9% ±8.0 and 31.6%±5.5 of the respective total contouring time was spent generating the MBS contours and the remainder of editing with non‐MBS tools. Contour volumes were similar for the benchmark and the MBS systems. Conclusion: Both MBS systems require manual editing of auto generated contours to better match the benchmarks. Nevertheless, the MBS systems resulted in similar time savings over utilizing only non‐MBS tools when delineating structures of the male pelvis for radiation therapytreatment planning.
Relationships between Pupal Size and Egg Production in Reared Female Antheraea polyphemus

In female Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), most eggs in the ovaries were mature at adult emergence; the number of mature eggs (NME) was highly correlated with total eggs (r2 = 0.96); immature eggs in the ovaries were significantly smaller than mature eggs or deposited eggs; and mature eggs and deposited eggs did not differ significantly in size. Pupal weight (WT) was determined to be the best estimator of NME (NME = 22.24 + 45.87 WT); r2 = 0.78.
MODELING THE TWO-POINT SPACE-TIME CORRELATION OF TURBULENCE IN A FAN-WAKE TYPE FLOW

A method for predicting spatial velocity correlations from Reynolds stress data has been studied and tested on a complex flow similar to that found downstream of the tips of an aircraft engine fan. The method is based on the idea that many of the features of the two-point velocity correlation function are implicit in the Reynolds stress field. New details of the method are reported, and modifications of the method are proposed that overcome some weaknesses. Test case predictions show that the model can predict some local variations in the form of the correlation function solely through the form of the Reynolds stress distribution provided to it. However, for accurate predictions it will be necessary to incorporate local information into the model about lengthscale and anisotropy. A model framework that allows this is proposed.
Allergic reactivity to Parthenium hysterophorus pollen: an ELISA study of 582 sera from the United States Gulf Coast.

Parthenium hysterophorus (PH) is a ubiquitous weed found in the U.S. Gulf Coast. In this study, 582 sera, contributed by 22 physicians from 18 Gulf Coast cities, were examined by ELISA for IgE directed against determinants in an aqueous extract of PH pollen, and these were compared to an extract of western ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya [AP]). Overall, 65.6% of the sera tested were positive for one or both of the pollen extracts examined. Thirty-five percent of the sera were sensitive to PH and 57.6% were sensitive to AP. Thirty percent of the sera were positive to AP only, 8.0% were positive to PH only, and 27.9% of the sera were positive to both extracts. ELISA-inhibition analysis demonstrated that PH and AP extracts contained unique allergenic epitopes. Clinical correlation of in vitro reactivity with skin testing and patients' symptoms confirmed that PH sensitivity by ELISA was related in many cases to fall seasonal symptoms. These data demonstrate by in vitro analysis the presence of IgE directed against an extract of PH pollen in a significant number of patients with fall seasonal pollinosis in the U.S. Gulf Coast. Thus, allergic reactivity to PH may be a significant contributor to fall allergic disease in the U.S. Gulf Coast.
Bubble dynamics investigation in a slurry bubble column

The application of four-point optical probe has been for the first time extended to a slurry system in a 10.2-cm ID column. Bubble dynamics (local gas holdup, bubble chord length, bubble velocity, bubble frequency, and specific interfacial area) were investigated using an air–water-catalyst system under atmospheric pressure. With an increase in solids loading, the local gas holdup, specific interfacial area, and bubble frequency decreased, while the bubble velocity changed slightly. Bubble chord length increased noticeably, and the bubble chord length distribution spread more widely at high solids loading. It has also been found that the probe orientation is important for an investigation using probes, especially in the wall region of the column. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Hope in the context of lung cancer: relationships of hope to symptoms and psychological distress.

Context Hope may be important in explaining the variability in how patients adjust to lung cancer.
Heat-treatment of metal–organic frameworks for green energy applications

Increasing population, global climate change, and dwindling fossil fuel reserves have led to a green energy revolution in the past few years, particularly in the fields of green energy generation and storage. While fuel cell, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors are far from technical jargon in today's world, the sheer number of these devices is not accurately exhibited in the consumer market. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of crystalline materials consisting of metal ion nodes and organic linkers that has shown promise in the fields of gas capture, gas storage, separations, catalysis, magnetism, fluorescence, and sensing to name only a few. The use of these materials as self-sacrificing templates, via calcination or pyrolysis, for the design of green energy generation and storage devices is the focus of this review.
Cobalt-templated radical processes: inter- and intramolecular coupling of propargyl radicals

Abstract A novel method for radical CC bond formation in the α-position to Co2(CO)6-clusters has been elaborated. The two-dimensional exploration of the process resulted in the discovery of structurally diverse O- and S-containing organic molecules capable of acting as efficient mediators in reductive coupling reactions, and in the elaboration of the preparative synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted 1,5-alkadiynes and carbocycles with eight- and nine-membered rings.
Community Formation and Community Roles among Persons with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comparative Study of Experiences in a Residential Alzheimer’s Facility and a Traditional Nursing Home

Based on an ethnographic study in a residential Alzheimer's facility and a traditional nursing home, this article discusses the process of community formation and the maintenance of community roles among individuals suffering from dementia in institutional settings. These include: therapeutic programming that promotes resident independence and choice; flexible and person-centered staff roles; and a physical environment that facilitates social interaction, autonomy, and participation in the activities of daily living. In contrast, institutional programs that are regimented, that follow a medical rather than a social model of care, and that take place in physical environments that have limited options may discourage resident interaction and social bonding, thus inhibiting community formation. Although Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia may create difficulties for the realization of community and community roles among institutionalized people, more significant are the environmental conditions in which such individuals live and the programs designed for their care.
Notecards in a nutshell

NoteCards is an extensible environment designed to help people formulate, structure, compare, and manage ideas. NoteCards provides the user with a “semantic network” of electronic notecards interconnected by typed links. The system provides tools to organize, manage, and display the structure of the network, as well as a set of methods and protocols for creating programs to manipulate the information in the network. NoteCards is currently being used by more than 50 people engaged in idea processing tasks ranging from writing research papers through designing parts for photocopiers.In this paper we briefly describe NoteCards and the conceptualization of idea processing tasks that underlies its design. We then describe the NoteCards user community and several prototypical NoteCards applications. Finally, we discuss what we have learned about the system's strengths and weaknesses from our observations of the NoteCards user community.
Relationship Between Drugs and Functional Activity of Various Mammalian P-Glycoproteins (ABCB1)

P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1) is an efflux transporter for a variety of amphipathic agents that can affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs. In order to extrapolate transport and pharmacokinetic data of the drug candidates obtained from in vitro and animal models to those in humans, it is important to understand the functional differences of Pgps from various mammalian species including human, monkey, dog, rat, and mouse. Here, we review differences/similarities in the properties of Pgp from numerous mammalian species commonly used in preclinical studies and discuss their relevance to the pharmacokinetics of potential drug molecules.
Acquisition of #sC clusters in English speaking children

This paper examines the developmental patterns of #sC clusters in 40 English speaking children, ages 2;5 to 4;2, (mean age 3;1). The central focus is the production of different groups of #sC clusters and how these productions relate to sonority sequencing of sounds. We evaluated the patterns found in correct realizations of target clusters, as well as the ones in cluster reductions. Despite considerable individual variations in subjects' productions, a few general trends were identifiable. Results lend limited support to sonority sequencing but only for /s/ + approximant clusters. This pair of clusters, /sl-, sw-/, also reveal some implicational relationships. Continuancy of C2 in the cluster was significant only between /sn-/ and /sw-/. Homorganicity of the cluster members was not influential in the production patterns.
Intergranular Fracture of Lithium Fluoride–22% Calcium Fluoride Hypereutectic Salt at 800 K

Substantial strain-hardening was noted during the initial stages of deformation in constant-velocity compression tests conducted on as-cast samples of the LiF-22 mol pct CaF2 hypereutectic salt at 800 K. The deformed specimens exhibited extensive grain-boundary cracking and cavitation, suggesting that such cracking, in conjunction with interfacial sliding, is important for cavity nucleation at grain boundaries and at the LiF-CaF2 interfaces. Cavity growth and interlinkage occur through the preferential failure of the weaker LiF phase.
Answers to wh-questions: A developmental study.

Forty children aged 3–6 years responded to items representing nine wh-question forms. Questions referred to three types of referential sources (conditions) based on immediacy and visual availabilit...
Start-time fair queueing: a scheduling algorithm for integrated services packet switching networks

We present Start-time Fair Queuing (SFQ) algorithm that is computationally efficient, achieves fairness regardless of variation in a server capacity, and has the smallest fairness measure among all known fair scheduling algorithms. We analyze its throughput, single server delay, and end-to-end delay guarantee for variable rate Fluctuation Constrained (FC) and Exponentially Bounded Fluctuation (EBF) servers. We show that SFQ is better suited than Weighted Fair Queuing for integrated services networks and it is strictly better than Self Clocked Fair Queuing. To support heterogeneous services and multiple protocol families in integrated services networks, we present a hierarchical SFQ scheduler and derive its performance bounds. Our analysis demonstrates that SFQ is suitable for integrated services networks since it: (1) achieves low average as well as maximum delay for low-throughput applications (e.g., interactive audio, telnet, etc.); (2) provides fairness which is desirable for VBR video; (3) provides fairness, regardless of variation in a server capacity, for throughput-intensive, flow-controlled data applications; (4) enables hierarchical link sharing which is desirable for managing heterogeneity; and (5) is computationally efficient.
Am I Blue? Depressed Mood and the Consequences of Self-Focus for the Interpretation and Recall of Ambiguous Words

In two experiments, dysphoric and nondysphoric students first concentrated on either self-focused or other-focused phrases and then performed an ostensibly unrelated task involving the interpretation of homographs with both personal and impersonal meanings. In Experiment 1, they constructed sentences for the homographs; dysphoric students' sentences were more emotionally negative (although not more personal) in the self-focused condition than in the other-focused condition. In Experiment 2, they freely associated to the homographs, and the percentage of personal meanings reflected by the associations revealed an effect of self versus other focus that depended on mood group. Following free associations, they attempted to recall the homographs. Dysphoric students (but not nondysphoric students) recalled a greater percentage of personally interpreted homographs if they had focused on self than if they had focused on other matters. In general, these results suggest that ruminative or self-focused thinking by people in depressed moods transfers to novel ambiguous situations, encouraging more negative interpretations and better recall of personal interpretations.
Use of negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric wounds : A retrospective examination of clinical outcomes

The clinical effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy for the management of acute and chronic wounds is well documented in the adult population but information regarding its use in the pediatric population is limited. A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted to examine the clinical outcomes of using negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of pediatric wounds. The medical records of 24 consecutive pediatric patients receiving negative pressure wound therapy were reviewed. Demographic data, wound etiology, time to closure, closure method, duration of negative pressure wound therapy, complications, dressing change frequency, dressing type used, and pressure settings were analyzed. All categorical variables in the dataset were summarized using frequency (count and percentages) and all continuous variables were summarized using median (minimum, maximum). The 24 pediatric patients (mean age 8.5 years [range 14 days to 18 years old]) had 24 wounds - 12 (50%) were infected at baseline. Sixteen patients had hypoalbuminemia and six had exposed hardware and bone in their wounds. Twenty-two wounds reached full closure in a median time of 10 days (range 2 to 45) following negative pressure wound therapy and flap closure (11), split-thickness skin graft (three), secondary (four), and primary (four) closure. Pressures used in this population ranged from 50 to 125 mm Hg and most wounds were covered with reticulated polyurethane foam. One patient developed a fistula during the course of negative pressure wound therapy. When coupled with appropriate systemic antibiotics, surgical debridement, and medical and nutritional optimization, in this population negative pressure wound therapy resulted in rapid granulation tissue and 92% successful wound closure. Future neonatal and pediatric negative pressure wound therapy usage registries and prospective studies are needed to provide a strong evidence base from which treatment decisions can be made in the management of these challenging cases, especially pertaining to the safety and efficacy of pressure settings, dressings, and interposing contact layer selection.
A Dialogue With Senior Thought Leaders in Geropsychiatric Nursing: Summary and Synthesis:

A highlight of the Geropsychiatric Nursing: State of the Future Conference (September 30, 2005, Philadelphia, PA) was the “Dialogue With Senior Thought Leaders.” Moderated by Claire Fagin, PhD, RN,...
A physically-derived large-signal nonquasi-static MOSFET model for computer aided device and circuit simulation part-II the CMOS NOR gate and the CMOS NAND gate

The primary goal of this work is to develop a low-level physics-based nonquasi-static MOSFET model that can be extended to the simulation of high-level CMOS logic circuits. In this part of our papers (part II), the results of using our model described in the companion paper (submitted to ibid) to simulate the CMOS NOR gate and NAND gate are presented. The numerical methods discussed in the companion paper are applied in the simulations for the NOR gate and the NAND gate. In addition, a bisection root finding algorithm is used to calculate any junction voltage that appears between two devices connected in series. The results compared well with those obtained from the SPICE level 3 and SPICE level 7 (BSIM 3.1) for a wide range of device geometries and circuit loading conditions. The results show that our model is capable of accurately simulating the transient response of devices with channel lengths as small as 0.33 /spl mu/m and for switching frequencies approaching 1 GHz.
Table lookup structures for multiplicative inverses modulo 2/sup k/

We introduce an inheritance property and related table lookup structures applicable to simplified evaluation of the modular operations "multiplicative inverse", "discrete log", and "exponential residue" in the particular modulus 2/sup k/. Regarding applications, we describe an integer representation system of Benschop for transforming integer multiplications into additions which benefits from our table lookup function evaluation procedures. We focus herein on the multiplicative inverse modulo 2/sup k/ to exhibit simplifications in hardware implementations realized from the inheritance property. A table lookup structure given by a bit string that can be interpreted with reference to a binary tree is described and analyzed. Using observed symmetries, the lookup structure size is reduced allowing a novel direct lookup process for multiplicative inverses for all 16-bit odd integers to be obtained from a table of size less than two KBytes. The 16-bit multiplicative inverse operation is also applicable for providing a seed inverse for obtaining 32/64-bit multiplicative inverses by one/two iterations of a known quadratic refinement algorithm.