cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-72: Rapid detection and profiling of breast cancer cells in blood applied to arrays of carbon nanotube thin film biosensors

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Developing breast cancers shed transformed cells into the blood. More malignant breast cancer cells appear in the blood at later stages. Early detection of circulating breast cancer cells might improve diagnosis of early breast cancer and ultimately might reduce deaths from breast cancer. We hypothesized that nanotube-antibody arrays could detect circulating human breast cancer cells in a drop of blood. Breast cancer cell surfaces show high levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (Her1, EGFR), and Her2 (Erb-B2, neu), among others. We have previously demonstrated antibody-specific nanodevice detection of ER+/Her2- MCF7 and ER+/Her2+ BT474 breast cancer cells suspended in a physiological buffer, and in fresh human blood. We discovered significant changes in conductance of single wall carbon nanotube-monoclonal antibody nanodevices upon exposure to human breast cancer cells in 2-5 microliter drops of physiological buffer or fresh donor blood. The nanodevices detected the cancer cells within 60 seconds and stabilized by five minutes. Control cells did not change nanodevice conductance. Breast cancer cells did not perturb the conductance of nanodevices with adsorbed anti-PSMA or nonspecific antibodies. Hence, the conductance change required a specific antigen-antibody complex between the live, intact breast cancer cell and the nanotube surface in blood. We postulate that sensing of breast cancer cell binding is due to cooperative stress on the surface of the nanotubes due to cellular binding to multiple antibodies. The stress on the nanotube is then thought to change its electron transport properties. Five microliter drops of blood from patients with metastatic breast cancer changed nanodevice conductance similarly to 10-100 MCF7 cells. Comparable circulating tumor cell numbers were obtained from 7.5 mL blood draws from the same patients analyzed by EpCAM bead capture and anti-cytokeratin staining. Single wall carbon nanotube-monoclonal antibody nanodevices provide the simplest and quickest method for direct detection of live cancer cells circulating in blood. Supported by a grant from the Breast Cancer Alliance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-72.
Fatigue Design of Machine Elements Under Cumulative Damage Effect, Using Bagci’s Fatigue Failure Surface Line

Revue de l'etat de l'art dans la determination de la duree de vie des machines et elements de machine en considerant l'effet de dommage cumulatif pour diverses amplitudes de contraintes
THE ROLE OF VASOPRESSIN IN THE CONTROL OF RENAL HEMODYNAMICS. THE BRATTLEBORO RAT AS AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL

It has been demonstrated through the use of new techniques that the action of vasopressin on the kidneys is not limited to changing the water permeability of distal tubules and collecting ducts. However, it has yet to be established whether these additional actions, such as lowering Kf (possibly by contracting mesangial cells), or increasing postglomerular vascular resistance, are important factors in the control of GFR and renal blood flow. The use of animals with diabetes insipidus, particularly the Brattleboro homozygous (DI) rat, may help to circumvent a number of methodological problems and provide a useful model for assessing the role of vasopressin in the control of renal hemodynamics. Although that role may be exerted through a direct effect on the vascular tone, it may be an indirect effect in which the antidiuretic action of vasopressin alters fluid balance and elicits secondary changes in other vasoactive hormones. The complexity of this latter possibility suggests that other methodological problems (in the measurement and/or control of the related variables) may complicate the final resolution of this issue for some time to come.
Invariant imbedding and the numerical integration of boundary-value problems for unstable linear systems of ordinary differential equations

Abstract : In such diverse areas as radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres and optimal guidance and control, two-point boundary-value problems for unstable systems arise, greatly complicating the numerical solution. An invariant imbedding technique is presented which is useful in overcoming these frequently encountered instabilities, and the results of some numerical experiments are presented. (Author)
Fit preferences of female consumers in the USA

Purpose – The paper seeks to investigate fit preferences of female consumers in the USA based on the relationship between their fit preferences, body cathexis, fit problems, and personal profiles.Design/methodology/approach – Female subjects (n=1,026) between the ages of 19 and 54 were asked to respond to a questionnaire that was mailed to subjects. The questionnaire was used to evaluate consumer fit preferences for individual garment categories (jackets, pants, skirts, blouses, and jeans) relative to respondents' personal profiles, body shape, and body cathexis. Terminology, fit issues, and elements of fit expressed as important to female consumers as identified in an initial focus group which was part of a larger study associated with this research were considered in development of the questionnaire.Findings – Eighty percent of the sample reported two or more areas of the body where fit problems occurred. One‐third of the respondents altered up to 25 percent of RTW. Semi‐fitted preferences for clothing ...
Moral Exclusion and Injustice: An Introduction

Moral exclusion occurs when individuals or groups are perceived as outside the boundary in which moral values, rules, and considerations of fairness apply. Those who are morally excluded are perceived as nonentities, expendable, or undeserving. Consequently, harming or exploiting them appears to be appropriate, acceptable, or just. This broad definition encompasses both severe and mild forms of moral exclusion, from genocide to discrimination. The paper discusses the antecedents and symptoms of moral exclusion, and the interaction between the psychological and social factors that foster its development. Empirical research on moral exclusion is needed to pinpoint its causes, to predict its progression, and to effect change in social issues that involve the removal of victims from our moral communities. The last section of the paper introduces the articles that follow.
Neuroprotective effects of genistein in VSC4.1 motoneurons exposed to activated microglial cytokines.

Abstract Pro-inflammatory cytokines released from activated microglia may be responsible for neuronal damage and resulting motor deficits associated with CNS disorders such as spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Estrogen (17β-estradiol) is capable of ameliorating motoneuron death following spinal cord injury, but has a number of deleterious side effects. Genistein (GEN), an estrogen receptor beta agonist and potent antioxidant, may represent an alternative to estrogen in treating neurodegenerative disorders. However, little is known about the neuroprotective effects of GEN. We therefore tested whether GEN would prevent apoptosis in cultured motoneurons following exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines released from IFN-γ activated microglia. Exposure of ventral spinal cord 4.1 motoneurons to microglial cytokine supernatant in vitro caused significant apoptosis and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. An increase in reactive oxygen species, intracellular Ca 2+ , calpain, caspases, cytochrome c , and the bax:bcl-2 ratio were also noted. GEN treatment reversed apoptotic death and cellular changes following cytokine exposure and was associated with increased expression of estrogen receptor β suggesting that GEN may promote neuroprotection via receptor-mediated pathways. The addition of ICI 182, 780, an estrogen receptor antagonist following GEN treatment attenuated neuroprotection, suggesting that GEN may act mainly via estrogen receptor β to protect VSC4.1 motoneurons. We conclude that GEN protects cultured ventral spinal cord 4.1 cells from inflammatory insult and thus may represent a potential beneficial therapy in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Determining Drug Efficacy Using Plasmonically Enhanced Imaging of the Morphological Changes of Cells upon Death.

Recently, we utilized the optical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for plasmonically enhanced Rayleigh scattering imaging spectroscopy (PERSIS), a new technique that enabled the direct observation of AuNP localization. In this study, we employ PERSIS by using AuNPs as light-scattering probes to compare the relative efficacy of three chemotherapeutic drugs on human oral squamous carcinoma cells. Although the drugs induced apoptotic cell death through differing mechanisms, morphological changes including cell membrane blebbing and shrinkage, accompanied by an increase in white light scattering, were visually evident. By utilizing the AuNPs to increase the cells’ inherent Rayleigh scattering, we have obtained the time profile of cell death from the anticancer drugs using a single sample of cells in real time, using inexpensive equipment available in any lab. From this time profile, we calculated cell death enhancement factors to compare the relative efficacies of the different drugs using our techniq...
Simulating the Non-Isothermal Mixing of Polymer Blends Using the Boundary Element Method

In most polymer processes the quality of the final part stems back in great part to the mixing of the compound and the viscous heating that occurs during the process. To date, these processes have been simulated using the finite difference or finite element methods which rely on cumbersome remeshing techniques, restricting the analysis to simple geometries. However, mathematical manipulation of the governing equations results in boundary integrals, allowing the solution of complicated moving boundary problems without domain meshing. The resulting boundary element model and simulation results of the flow and heat transfer effects during mixing of polymer blends is presented in this article
PVT Measurements of the hcp-bcc Phase Transition in Solid He 3

The phase transition from hexagonal close-packed to body-centered cubic in solid ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ has been extensively investigated from 1 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to the triple point using a sensitive method of measuring pressure versus temperature for constant volume samples. The triple point was found to be at 3.138\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 135.44 atm. At 1 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 105.4 atm the phase boundary in the $P\ensuremath{-}T$ plane is practically horizontal. Using previous data for the molar volume of the solid along the melting curve, the phase diagram in the $V\ensuremath{-}T$ plane has been constructed. From the change in volume at the transition and the slope $\frac{\mathrm{dP}}{\mathrm{dT}}$, the change in entropy was calculated using the Clapeyron equation. Measurements in the hcp phase below 1.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K near the phase boundary were complicated by supercooling, making it difficult to obtain equilibrium in this region.
Malaria during pregnancy with parasite sequestration in the villous chamber.

![Figure][1] A 26-year-old, gravida 1, para 0, 37-week-pregnant immigrant from Burkina Faso presented with a 1-week history of intermittent fevers, headache, and myalgia. She had a past medical history of malaria (10 years before admission) in Burkina Faso, where she most recently visited on
Cancer pain. Anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology

Cancer pain can be divided into three classes: somatic, visceral, and deafferentation. Somatic and visceral pain result from activation of nociceptors by tumor infiltration of tissues and from secondary inflammatory changes with release of algesic chemicals that act to sensitize nociceptors. Pain may be experienced locally (somatic and visceral) or referred to remote cutaneous sites (visceral). Deafferentation pain results from injury to the nervous system due to tumor infiltration or cancer therapy and may persist even after the cause of the injury has been removed. Somatic, visceral, and deafferentation pain may be complicated by sympathetically maintained pain, in which efferent sympathetic activity promotes persistent pain, hyperpathia, and vasomotor and sudomotor changes after tissue injury from cancer or its therapy. The neurobiology of cancer pain is complex and incompletely understood. This article summarizes current knowledge in this area and briefly discusses approaches to cancer pain management that are based on this knowledge.
Sequence distribution of acetaldehyde-derived N2-ethyl-dG adducts along duplex DNA.

Acetaldehyde (AA) is the major metabolite of ethanol and may be responsible for an increased gastrointestinal cancer risk associated with alcohol beverage consumption. Furthermore, AA is one of the most abundant carcinogens in tobacco smoke and induces tumors of the respiratory tract in laboratory animals. AA binding to DNA induces Schiff base adducts at the exocyclic amino group of dG, N2-ethylidene-dG, which are reversible on the nucleoside level but can be stabilized by reduction to N2-ethyl-dG. Mutagenesis studies in the HPRT reporter gene and in the p53 tumor suppressor gene have revealed the ability of AA to induce G → A transitions and A → T transversions, as well as frameshift and splice mutations. AA-induced point mutations are most prominent at 5′-AGG-3′ trinucleotides, possibly a result of sequence specific adduct formation, mispairing, and/or repair. However, DNA sequence preferences for the formation of acetaldehyde adducts have not been previously examined. In the present work, we employed a...
Sequence Analysis of derivatized peptides by high-performance liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry

Abstract N-Acetyl-N,O,S-permethylated derivatives of oligopeptides were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry (HPLC—MS) using a moving belt interface. A heated-gas nebulizer was employed for sample deposition, thus permitting the effective use of a water—methanol gradient covering the range from 5% to 95% water at mobile phase flow-rates of 0.5 ml/min. We demonstrate in this paper that it is possible to sequence the octapeptide derived from the C-chain of glucagon by HPLC—MS analysis of a permethylated enzymatic hydrolysate of this peptide using overlap information from the mass spectral patterns. Moreover, it is shown that peptides not readily amenable to analysis by gas chromatography—MS can be analyzed using this approach. Preliminary results suggest that N-acetylmethyl ester derivatives of oligopeptides may in specific cases also be a useful alternative for HPLC—MS analysis of complex oligopeptide mixtures.
Kinesis: A new approach to replica placement in distributed storage systems

Kinesis is a novel data placement model for distributed storage systems. It exemplifies three design principles: structure (division of servers into a few failure-isolated segments), freedom of choice (freedom to allocate the best servers to store and retrieve data based on current resource availability), and scattered distribution (independent, pseudo-random spread of replicas in the system). These design principles enable storage systems to achieve balanced utilization of storage and network resources in the presence of incremental system expansions, failures of single and shared components, and skewed distributions of data size and popularity. In turn, this ability leads to significantly reduced resource provisioning costs, good user-perceived response times, and fast, parallelized recovery from independent and correlated failures.This article validates Kinesis through theoretical analysis, simulations, and experiments on a prototype implementation. Evaluations driven by real-world traces show that Kinesis can significantly outperform the widely used Chain replica-placement strategy in terms of resource requirements, end-to-end delay, and failure recovery.
The search for GRB from primordial black hole evaporation

The search for high energyγ ray bursts (GRBs) from primordial black holes (PBHs) has continued for the past 20 years. We discuss a very interesting group of GRBs of very short time duration and an increasing hard spectrum from the published BATSE catalog. We point out that the trend, i.e. anti-correlation of hardness ratio vs. GRB duration, would be expected if some of the short GRBs came from black holes evaporation. We discuss the possibility that the onset of the quark-gluon plasma can give rise to such GRB from PBH evaporation.
Amorphous solids: Glasses pinned down

Laser tweezers can be used to control particles in a colloidal glass, thereby influencing the dynamics of their neighbours. The range of this influence — and how it changes — may provide a structural mechanism to explain the solidity of glasses.
Ab initio pair potentials and phase equilibria predictions of halogenated compounds

Abstract Ab initio pair potentials are developed for two fluorinated compounds, hydrogen fluoride and methyl fluoride, using symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) by considering several hundreds of configurations between a pair of molecules. The interaction energies were fitted to a site–site pair potential model. Also, a pairwise interaction model for a chlorinated compound, hydrogen chloride, was taken from the literature. These pair potentials were then used to predict the second virial coefficients and, using Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo (GEMC) simulations, the vapor–liquid equilibria of each of the compounds. The properties of methyl fluoride and hydrogen chloride were found to be very well described with the ab initio pair potentials, resulting in predicted second virial coefficients, liquid densities and vapor pressures in good agreement with experimental data. Estimated critical temperatures and densities deviate by only few percent from reported values. However, for hydrogen fluoride, the ab initio pair potential results in a poor description of its phase behavior, but this is not unexpected since hydrogen fluoride is a strong hydrogen-bonding fluid and multi-body effects play a large role in the molecular interactions.
Intracellular localization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in leaves of C4 and CAM plants

Abstract Three C 4 species of the genera Brachiaria and Urochloa from the family Gramineae and 4 CAM species from the families Asclepiadaceae, Bromeliaceae, and Liliaceae were studied for the intracellular localization of the decarboxylating enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase. Bundle sheath protoplasts of the C 4 plants and mesophyll protoplasts of the CAM plants were isolated, purified, mechanically ruptured, and organelles separated by differential centrifugation. The chloroplasts were about 70 95% intact based on the retention of chloroplast marker enzymes. Most of the PEP carboxykinase was in the non-chloroplastic fraction (98 100% in C 4 and 80% or more in CAM). The enzyme was still largely non-particulate after centrifugation of protoplast extracts of Urochloa mosambicensis (C 4 ) and Ananas comosus (CAM) to pellet chloroplasts, mitochondria, and microbodies. These results suggest that PEP carboxykinase is localized mainly in the cytoplasm in both C 4 and CAM plants.
Knowledge Needs Of Firms: The Know-X Framework For Marketing Strategy

In today’s knowledge-intensive economy, the acquisition, development, and management of knowledge are fundamental to the survival and growth of firms. Consequently, organizational knowledge has emerged as a potential source of competitive advantage for firms. Specific to the marketing context, research has long since recognized the role of knowledge in effective marketing. Therefore, through a systematic review of organizational knowledge research and the knowledge business environment, this paper (1) identifies different types of organizational knowledge required by firms and develops the know-x framework, (2) discusses exemplars of different types of marketing knowledge products that firms might require, (3) identifies and discusses critical issues and concerns with reference to each of the marketing knowledge types, and (4) discusses the implications of knowledge types (know-x framework) for marketing strategy in general and market orientation strategy in particular. The paper concludes with a discussion of contributions and directions for future research.
Task Performance and Satisfaction Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) as a Moderator

The hypothesized role of Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) as a moderator was tested in a laboratory study of 49 university students (24 low LPC and 25 high LPC). Each student was the leader of a three-person mixed-sex group. The number of cryptograms correctly solved by the group was the criterion of task performance. A posttask questionnaire provided five measures of satisfaction with the task and the task context. Both subgroup correlational analyses and moderated regression analyses supported the prediction that the relationship between task performance and satisfaction is stronger for low LPC (task-oriented) subjects than for high LPC (relationship-oriented) subjects.
The charging and mobility of chain aggregate smoke particles

Abstract The fluid drag force and unipolar diffusion charge on chain aggregate smoke particles produced by an exploding wire and from a hydrocarbon flame were studied with a system consisting of an electrical particle counter (EPC) and classifier and a condensation nuclei counter (CNC) From measurements of particle electric mobility, electric charge, and numbers of primary particles per aggregate the fluid drag as a function of equivalent spherical diameter was measured and compared with three different theories. It was found that for aggregates consisting of from 10 to 300 primary particles having a mass mean diameter on the order of 0.05μ, the fluid drag was nearly the same as that of a sphere having a volume equivalent to that of the aggregate. The diffusion charge was found to be about 70% higher than that of the equivalent sphere. The theory and data suggest that the relative independence of fluid drag and shape for this size aggregate is due to the opposite effects of increased surface area and gaseous slip.
The impact of symptom interference using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Brain Tumor Module (MDASI-BT) on prediction of recurrence in primary brain tumor patients.

BACKGROUND: Tumor grade, age, extent of resection, and performance status are established prognostic factors for survival in primary brain tumor (PBT) patients. Development of disease-related symptoms is predictive of tumor recurrence in other cancers but has not been reported in the PBT population. METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 294 PBT patients participated. Progression was based on the radiologist report of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The relation of clinical variables (age, extent of resection, tumor grade, and Karnofsky performance status [KPS]) and MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Brain Tumor Module (MDASI-BT) mean symptom and interference subscales with progression was examined using logistic regression. RESULTS: The study enrolled more men (60%, n = 175); median age was 46 years. The majority had less than a gross total resection (n = 186, 64%), and a good KPS (KPS ≥ 90) (N = 208). The majority had a grade 3 or 4 tumor (n = 199) and 24% of patients had recurrence. Tumor grade and activity-related interference were significantly related to progression. Patients with tumor grade 4 were 2.4 times more likely to have recurrence (95% CI, 1.2-5.; P < .015). Patients with significant (ratings of ≥5) activity-related interference were 3.8 times more likely to have recurrence (95% CI, 2.14-6.80; P < .001). Mean activity-related score was 4.8 for those with progression on MRI and 2.2 for those with stable disease. CONCLUSIONS: Significant activity-related interference and tumor grade were associated with recurrence but not KPS, age, or extent of resection. These results provide preliminary support for the use of symptom interference in assessment of disease status. Because the authors used a cross-sectional sample, future studies evaluating change over time are needed. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Impaired problem solving in Parkinson's disease: Impact of a set-shifting deficit

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with specific cognitive deficits in the absence of dementia, including the inability to suppress previously learned responses in a changed context. Our goal was to determine whether this set-shifting deficit is sufficient to account for impaired performance on a problem-solving task, or, instead, whether it is necessary to postulate deficits in one or more other cognitive capacities, such as logical deduction. Deductive reasoning and other conceptual abilities were assessed in 15 nondemented subjects with PD who had never been medicated, 15 nondemented subjects with PD who were currently receiving medication, and 15 healthy elderly control subjects. On a deductive reasoning task, Poisoned Food Problems, the PD groups made more errors than the control group. The PD group's error pattern was characterized by intrusions of information from previous problems. By contrast, the PD groups made appropriate assessments of redundant and irrelevant information that appeared in these problems, and performed normally on other tests of concept formation and problem solving that did not require set shifting, indicating that the capacities for logical deduction and concept formation were intact. The set-shifting deficit, conceptualized as a difficulty in suppressing a prepotent response, appears to be a primary cognitive impairment in PD and presumably arises from dysfunction of the nigrostriatal-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex complex loop.
Dual‐parameter scatter‐flow immunofluorescence analysis of bacillus spores

Using a commercial flow cytometer (Cyto-fluorograf), narrow-forward-angle (NFA) light-scatter signals were detected for spore preparations of Bacillus anthracis Vollum, B. anthracis Sterne, B. cereus NCTC 8035, and B. subtilis var niger. In the flow immunofluorescence (FIF) analysis of spores stained with fluorescein-conjugated hyperimmune antibody to B. anthracis Vollum spores, fluorescence histograms could be acquired by selecting on NFA scatter. Fluorescence data selected on ninety degree scatter were rather noisier. Fluorescence analysis by dual parameter NFA scatter-FIF techniques was shown to have several advantages over the subtraction FIF method reported earlier. The implication from FIF analysis of spore suspensions and corresponding cell-free supernatants that the peak in the fluorescence histogram was caused by signals from fluorescing spores, was confirmed by use of the cell sorter and subsequent microscopy of the sorted samples. Although a proportion of spore aggregates was present in samples sorted from the right-hand tail of the fluorescence histogram, it was demonstrated that the majority of the observed distribution of fluorescence was not due to the formation of aggregates but was rather an expression of variation in the degree of staining of individual spores.
WORK-FAMILY ENRICHMENT AND ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS: DO FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS BENEFIT MOST?

This study examines the influence of affective work-family enrichment, instrumental work-family enrichment, and family-derived enrichment on entrepreneurs’ business success. Drawing from gender rol...
Use of systemic fluoride supplements by North Carolina dentists

This 1984 survey focuses on the use of systemic fluoride supplements by North Carolina dentists. Respondents included all the state's pediatric dentists and general practitioners who assay water supplies before prescribing fluoride supplements, and other randomly selected general practitioners who treat children. Whether practicing in fluoridated or nonfluoridated communities, most dentists prescribed systemic fluoride supplements but only a small number of practitioners assayed water supplies before doing so.
Rethinking human pigmentation

Though pigmentation has been of interest to anthropologists for a long time, its inheritance, and particularly the reasons for the incomplete correlation of skin, hair and eye, is poorly understood. It is suggested that this is largely due to a lack of genetically plausible hypotheses. Taking into account racial and individual variation in pigment traits, and knowledge of pigmentation in other mammals, a minimum set of genetic factors for pigmentation in man is suggested. These include: (1) a set of polygenes affecting skin color only, (2) one locus for depigmentation of the eye, not affecting skin or hair, (3) one pleiotropic gene for reduction of pigment at all sites, and (4) one or more loci with multiple all eles producing blondness or rufosity of the hair in symmetrical patterns over the body.
Evaluations of relational aggression as a function of relationship type and conflict setting

The present study examined influences on girls' evaluations of relational aggression situations. Second-, third-, fifth-, and sixth-grade girls evaluated four relational aggression conflict scenarios in terms of attributions of aggressor's intentions, evaluator's behavioral response, evaluator's affective state, and how likely the situation was to actually occur. Girls evaluated intentions of a best friend more positively, reported being more mad at an enemy, and perceived conflict to be more likely to occur with an enemy than a best friend. Aggressor intentions in direct conflict scenarios (aggressor said something mean to evaluator) were perceived as more negative than aggressor intentions in indirect conflict scenarios (aggressor said something mean about evaluator to another peer). Younger girls reported intentions of their enemy as being more positive than did older girls. Further, older girls reported intentions of their best friend as being more positive than intentions of their enemy. Older girls also were more accurate in conceptualizing variations in the conflict setting (direct, indirect) and responding in a context-consistent manner, Findings are discussed in terms of the social-relational and social-situational processes that influence children's evaluations of relational aggression and how the current study extends previous research on relational aggression.
Immunological surveillance and toxicity in mice exposed to the organophosphate pesticide, leptophos

Abstract Male Swiss Webster mice were fed the organophosphate pesticide, leptophos, in feed at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 500 ppm for 12 weeks. Signs of organophosphate poisoning were moderate to severe inhibition of serum cholinesterase and decreased body weight gains of leptophos-exposed mice. Primary and secondary immune responses as measured by hemolytic plaque assay of antibody forming cells were not significantly altered in mice receiving leptophos compared to the controls. Histologically, lesions were not observed in mice which consumed as much as 170 mg leptophos/kg body weight/day for 12 weeks. It is concluded that leptophos does not significantly affect antibody formation and that this pesticide is only slightly toxic to mice.
QCD radiative enhancement of the decay b-->cc-bars.

A substantial enhancement of the b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}cc\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}s decay rate is found due to the QCD interaction within the c\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}s pair which may amount to 30% or more. Some general features of the calculation of the QCD radiative corrections in the two first orders are discussed.
Managing asthmatic airway inflammation: What is the role of expired nitric oxide measurement?

U he use of available preventive strategies can make hospital admission rare for patients established to have asthma. These strategies have been augmented by the application of recent advances--such as expired nitric oxide (NO) measurement--that are likely to decrease further the morbidity of both asthma and asthma therapy. The following outline reviews both current recommendations for pediatric asthma management and the role of expired NO measurement as a guide to the use of antiinflammatory therapy. Clinical implications are summarized.
Oral-Motor Management of the High-Risk Neonate

Physical and occupational therapists working with high-risk infants are frequently consulted to evaluate and treat oral-motor and feeding problems. In this article the impact of feeding problems on the infantAEs physical and emotional well being is discussed and the normal developmental sequence for feeding behaviors is reviewed. The feeding characteristics of high-risk neonates and typical modes of medical and nutritional management are discussed. The therapistAEs role in the habilitation of oral-motor behaviors is presented with emphasis on components of evaluation and treatmen
Portal hypertensive enteropathy in a patient with polycystic liver disease: A unique endoscopic finding

Polycystic liver disease can cause portal hypertension and is associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis. The entire GI tract can be affected by portal hypertension. Reported here is a unique case of portal hypertensive enteropathy in a patient with polycystic kidney and liver disease. The portal enteropathy manifested as hundreds of red bumps in otherwise normal-appearing small bowel mucosa, which resulted in acute and chronic GI bleeding. To our knowledge, this manifestation of portal hypertensive enteropathy has not been reported.
The unclampable ascending aorta in coronary artery bypass patients : A surgical challenge of increasing frequency

Background—The unclampable ascending aorta (UAA) is a condition increasingly encountered during CABG procedures. We report our experience with CABG patients with UAA and place particular emphasis on the preoperative diagnosis and surgical management. Methods and Results—UAA was diagnosed in 211 of 4812 consecutive CABG patients (4.3%). On the basis of the chest radiograph, echocardiogram, and coronary angiograph, a preoperative diagnosis was achieved in only 58 patients (27.4%). An age of >70 years, diabetes, smoking, unstable angina, diffuse coronaropathy, and peripheral vasculopathy were all predictors of UAA. Patients were treated with hypothermic ventricular fibrillation (no-touch technique n=129) or beating heart revascularization (no-pump technique n=82) depending on the possibility of founding an arterial cannulation site. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 2.8% (6 of 211) with no differences between the 2 surgical strategies. The no-touch technique was associated with a greater incidence o...
AUTOMAT, an end-user approach in handling applications as multi-dimensional arrays

“AUTOMAT” is an end user, general purpose tool developed initially in APL-SV currently running under VSAPL and APL2 (IBM PC version currently under consideration).The basic underlying concept is to tap the power of APL in handling multi-dimensional arrays, and make it available to the end user in a very natural and intuitive fashion.The productivity gains generated by the system are extremely high, as a new application can be set up in terms of fraction of hours, with immediately usable results.A lot of provisions have been made to handle instantaneously any changes in the structures, whether they are due to new business requirements or to initially overlooked facts.The system has been and still is successfully used for Data consolidation / analysis, Planning Models and application prototypes. The use of APL as internal language enables the system to communicate very easily with other applications (e.g. Graphics).
A comparison of FDD and TDD/TDMA architectures for airborne backbone network traffic

An important aspect of extending the DOD GIG into the tactical battle-space will be the development of high capacity airborne backbone IP networks. Properly designing and provisioning these networks is critically dependent on the statistical characteristics of the data flows that these networks will encounter. This paper studies the architecture of general backbone networks and airborne backbone networks through discrete event simulation methods. A network composed of FDD (frequency division duplex) links is quantitatively compared to a network composed of TDD (time division duplex) links using several criteria. Performance models for both architectures when carrying conventional and self-similar traffic were developed. The effectiveness of provisioning with open loop control was quantified as well as dynamic bandwidth allocation with closed loop control.
Network demonstration of 32/spl lambda//spl times/10 Gb/s across 6 nodes of 640/spl times/640 WSXCs with 750 km Raman-amplified fiber

Long-haul transmission across six 640/spl times/640 (320 working+320 protection) wavelength-selective cross-connects, interconnected by six 125 km spans of Raman-amplified NZ-DSF fiber using 32 wavelengths at 10 Gb/s, is reported. System configuration, and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) and Q performances are presented.
Influence of Social Context on Reported Attitudes of Nondisabled Students Toward Students with Disabilities

The Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons scale was completed by groups of university students with a disability and their nondisabled peers in the presence of either another student with a disability or a nondisabled student. Results showed that the presence of a person with disabilities improved the reported attitudes of individuals without disabilities.
Using Play Therapy Techniques in a Bowenian Theoretical Context

Bowen theory focuses on the concept of emotional functioning, specifically among and within the family. The goal of therapy is to engage the family members in understanding the patterns of dysfunctional behavior. Little attention, however, is paid to incorporating children into the family systems work. Play therapy, within the framework of the Bowen theory, encourages participation from all family members, points to the interactions of the family members with each other, and links these systemic patterns to the reason why the family was referred to therapy. This article describes the basic tenets of the Bowen theory and how the play therapy techniques of art, sandtray, and puppets facilitate therapeutic interventions when using this model. A case study is provided.
Reduced Apoptosis and Increased Lesion Development in the Flow-Restricted Carotid Artery of p75NTR-Null Mutant Mice

Apoptosis of neointimal smooth muscle cells is a well-recognized component of the pathogenesis of vascular lesions. In recent studies, we have identified the neurotrophin receptor, p75 NTR , as a mediator of apoptosis of neointimal smooth muscle cells. Neurotrophin ligands and p75 NTR are selectively expressed in areas of atherosclerotic lesions with increased smooth muscle cell apoptosis and the neurotrophins are potent apoptotic agents for p75 NTR -expressing smooth muscle cells in vitro. In the present study, we directly assess the role of p75 NTR in lesion development in the flow-restricted carotid artery, a model of murine vascular injury. Ligation of the left carotid artery resulted in a 3- to 4-fold increase in lesion development in p75 NTR -null mutant mice as compared with wild-type mice. The increase in lesion size was associated with a 70% decrease in apoptosis of neointimal smooth muscle cells, as assessed by in situ TUNEL analysis. These data suggest that under conditions of flow restriction, p75 NTR activation impairs lesion formation by promoting smooth muscle cell apoptosis. These results further implicate p75 NTR as an important regulator of smooth muscle cell apoptosis and lesion development after vascular injury.
Voter Sovereignty and Election Outcomes

Voters are sovereign to the degree that they can express their approval for any set of candidates. While voter sovereignty is maximized under approval voting (AV), AV can lead to a plethora of outcomes. Some analysts condemn AV because it can elect Condorcet losers and other lesser candidates—even in equilibrium—when there are different Borda or Condorcet winners. Rather than decry such outcomes, however, we argue that voters’ judgments about candidate acceptability should take precedence over the standard social-choice criteria. A unique Condorcet winner’s election under AV, but not under other voting systems, is always a strong Nash-equilibrium outcome when voters are sincere. But sovereign voters can, and we believe should, be able both to elect other candidates—and prevent the election of candidates that other systems would elect—depending on where voters draw the line between acceptable and unacceptable candidates. AV is unique in allowing them to do so.
Emotions as Moral Amplifiers: An Appraisal Tendency Approach to the Influences of Distinct Emotions upon Moral Judgment

In this article, we advance the perspective that distinct emotions amplify different moral judgments, based on the emotion’s core appraisals. This theorizing yields four insights into the way emotions shape moral judgment. We submit that there are two kinds of specificity in the impact of emotion upon moral judgment: domain specificity and emotion specificity. We further contend that the unique embodied aspects of an emotion, such as nonverbal expressions and physiological responses, contribute to an emotion’s impact on moral judgment. Finally, emotions play a key role in determining which issues acquire moral significance in a society over time, in a process known as moralization (Rozin, 1999). The implications of these four observations for future research on emotion and morality are discussed.
A docking system for microsatellites based on MEMS actuator arrays

Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology promises to improve performance of future spacecraft components while reducing mass, cost, and manufacturing time. Arrays of microcilia actuators offer a lightweight alternative to conventional docking systems for miniature satellites. Instead of mechanical guiding structures, such a system uses a surface tiled with MEMS cilia actuators to guide the satellite to its docking site. This paper summarizes work on an experimental system for precision docking of a ‘picosatellite’ using MEMS cilia arrays. Microgravity is simulated with an aluminum puck on an airtable. A series of experiments is performed to characterize the cilia, with the goal of understanding the influence of normal force, picosatellite mass, docking velocity, cilia actuation frequency, interface material, and actuation strategy (‘gait’) on the performance of the MEMS docking system. We demonstrat ea4c m 2 cilia array capable of docking a 41.2 g picosatellite wit ha2c m 2 contact area with micrometer precision. It is concluded that current MEMS cilia arrays are effective in positioning and aligning miniature satellites for docking to a support satellite. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Resistance training and dietary protein: effects on glucose tolerance and contents of skeletal muscle insulin signaling proteins in older persons

Background Resistance training (RT) and dietary protein independently influence indexes of whole-body glucose control, though their synergistic effects have not yet been documented. Objective This study assessed the influence of dietary protein intake on RT-induced changes in systemic glucose tolerance and the contents of skeletal muscle insulin signaling proteins in healthy older persons. Design Thirty-six older men and women (age: 61 +/- 1 y) performed RT (3 times/wk for 12 wk) and consumed either 0.9 g protein . kg(-1) . d(-1) [lower-protein (LP) group; approximately 112% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)] or 1.2 g protein . kg(-1) . d(-1) [higher-protein (HP) group; approximately 150% of the RDA]; the HP group consumed more total, egg, and dairy proteins. Results After RT, body weight was unchanged; whole-body protein and water masses increased, and fat mass decreased with no significantly different responses observed between the LP and HP groups. The RT-induced improvement in oral glucose tolerance (decreased area under the curve, AUC) was not significantly different between the groups (LP: -28%; HP: -25%). The insulin (-21%) and C-peptide (-14%) AUCs decreased in the LP group but did not change significantly in the HP group. Skeletal muscle insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, and Akt contents were unchanged, and the amount of atypical protein kinase C zeta/lambda (aPKC zeta/lambda), a protein involved with insulin signaling, increased 56% with RT, independent of protein intake. Conclusion These results support the hypothesis that older persons who consume adequate or moderately high amounts of dietary protein can use RT to improve body composition, oral glucose tolerance, and skeletal muscle aPKC zeta/lambda content without a change in body weight.
Minimal Gaugino Mediation

The authors propose Minimal Gaugino Mediation as the simplest known solution to the supersymmetric flavor and CP problems. The framework predicts a very minimal structure for the soft parameters at ultra-high energies: gaugino masses are unified and non-vanishing whereas all other soft supersymmetry breaking parameters vanish. The authors show that this boundary condition naturally arises from a small extra dimension and present a complete model which includes a new extra-dimensional solution to the mu problem. The authors briefly discuss the predicted superpartner spectrum as a function of the two parameters of the model. The commonly ignored renormalization group evolution above the GUT scale is crucial to the viability of Minimal Gaugino Mediation but does not introduce new model dependence.
The effect of Ru on unsupported Pt-Ru alloys for methanol electro-oxidation at different temperatures

Unsupported different atomic ratios of platinum-ruthenium bulk alloys were prepared. The alloys were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. These alloys were also tested as anodes for methanol electro-oxidation in sulfuric acid over a range of temperatures. Ruthenium is inactive for methanol electro-oxidation at 25 °C, but becomes active at higher temperatures. When a comparison is made on the basis of “true” (hydrogen adsorption) surface area, a 30 atomic percent Ru electrocatalyst provides the highest activity for methanol electro-oxidation as measured at either 0.4 or 0.5V vs. RHE at both 25 and 60 °C.