cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Commitment and capacity for providing evidence-based tobacco treatment in US drug treatment facilities.

Background Although people with mental illness, including substance use disorders, consume 44% of cigarettes in the United States, few facilities provide tobacco treatment. This study assesses staff- and facility-level drivers of tobacco treatment in substance use treatment. Methods Surveys were administered to 405 clinic directors selected from a comprehensive inventory of 3800 US outpatient facilities. The main outcome was the validated 7-item Index of Tobacco Treatment Quality. Other measures included the validated Tobacco Treatment Commitment Scale and indicators of facility resources for providing tobacco treatment. Results Stepwise model selection was used to determine the relationship between capacity/resources and treatment quality. The final model retained 7 items and had good fit (adjusted R2 = 0.43). Four capacities significantly predicted treatment quality. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the impact of staff commitment on treatment quality; the model had good fit and the relationship was significant (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.951, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.054). Adding the 7 capacity/resources maintained similar model fit (CFI = 0.922, RMSEA = 0.053). Staff commitment was slightly strengthened in this model, with a rise in parameter estimate from 0.449 to 0.560. All resource/capacity items were also significant predictors of treatment quality; the strongest was receiving training in how to provide tobacco treatment (0.360), followed by dedicated staff time (0.279) and having a policy that requires staff to offer treatment (0.272). Conclusions Staff commitment to providing tobacco treatment was the strongest predictor of tobacco treatment quality, followed by resources for providing treatment. Interventions to change staff attitudes and improve resources for tobacco treatment have the strongest potential for improving quality of care.
Understanding Personal Experiences

This chapter focuses on the retrospective understandings available to focalizing characters about their fictional world experiences. Understandings are presented as cohesive, summative statements. Four statements are presented in short and expanded forms. All are similarly structured and reflect the goal-oriented actions and sensory, emoting, and cognitive experiences of individual focalizing characters. Statements draw extensively on material from previous chapters. The chapter begins with the illustrative case of ten-year-old Jess Aarons, who comes to understand that being a best friend means going out on a limb, being companionable, and recognizing that friends have minds of their own.
Vascular diagnosis by analysis of waveforms

Analysis of waveforms has, historically, served as the basis for noninvasive diagnosis of vascular disease. In attempting to understand the blood flow patterns associated with vascular disorders, i...
The Actin Cytoskeleton: Functional Arrays for Cytoplasmic Organization and Cell Shape Control.

Functionally distinct actin filament arrays cluster organelles and define cellular scale flow patterns for secretion.
User surveys support designing a prosthetic wrist that incorporates the Dart Thrower's Motion.

AbstractAim: Prosthetic devices are not meeting the needs of people with upper limb amputations. Due to controlsidelimitations, prosthetic wrists cannot yet be fully articulated. This study sought to determine which wrist motions users felt were most important for completing activities of daily living. We specifically invstigated whether adding a combinationof flexion and deviation known as the Dart Thrower's Motion to a prosthetic wrist would help improve functionality.Methods: Fifteen participants with a trans-radial amputation, aged 25–64 years, who use a prosthesis completed an online survey and answered interview questions to determine which types of tasks pose particular challenges. Participants were asked what kinds of improvements they would like to see in a new prosthesis. A subset of five participants were interviewed in-depth to provide further information about difficulties they face using their device.Results: The survey showed that participants had difficulty performing activities of daily l...
Emotional prosody analysis on human voices

The goal of this project is to create a more advanced software prototype that processes audio data of a human speech and detects irregularities in pitch, volume, timbre or word choice of the user, as well as perform sentiment analysis on the text extract from the audio file in order to detect the human's emotional state.
Effects of unsupportive social interactions, stigma, and symptoms on patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome

Prior research has found a heightened risk of suicide in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). It is possible that a number of factors including stigma, unsupportive social interactions, and severe symptoms could lead to the development of depression, suicidal ideation, and heightened risk of suicide in this patient population. Prior studies have indicated that patients often report the legitimacy of their illness being questioned by family, friends, and even their physicians. This study aimed to determine whether stigma experienced, social support, symptomology, and functioning may be associated with depression and endorsement of suicidal ideation (SI) in patients with a self-reported diagnosis of ME or CFS. Findings indicated that participants that endorsed both SI and depression, in contrast to those that did not, experienced more frequent unsupportive social interactions in the form of blame for their illness, minimization of its severity, and social distancing from others. In addition, 7.1% of patients with ME and CFS endorsed SI but do not meet the criteria for clinical depression These findings highlight the importance of stigma and unsupportive social interactions as risk factors for suicidal thoughts or actions among patients with ME and CFS. Community psychologists have an important role to play in helping educate health care professionals and the public to these types of risk factors for patients marginalized by ME and CFS.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Elderly

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the number one cause of death each year in America since 1900, except for 1918, the year of the Spanish flu pandemic. As the population—particularly the baby-boomer generation—ages, this statistic is unlikely to change. The segment of the population that is older than age 80 is growing more rapidly and is living longer than age-matched populations from the late 19th century and from present-day Europe (1). Those over 80 years old represent 3% of the current population and they are anticipated to increase threefold by the year 2050 (2). This is expected to have a significant impact on public health resources as symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) is present in an estimated 30% of octogenarians with 50% expected to have CAD as their cause of death (3,4). Given that elderly patients have greater risks associated with invasive therapies, questions persist regarding the safest and most efficacious treatments to manage CAD and alleviate anginal symptoms. Current indications for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) include stable angina, acute coronary syndromes (ACS), and myocardial infarctions (MIs). This chapter discusses issues pertaining to elective PCI in the aged patient population. The issues of safety, efficacy, and risk-benefit ratio are highlighted.
Scanning Probe Microscopy of Individual Carbon Nanotube Quantum Devices

Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes, considerable insight into their electronic properties has been gained by electrical transport characterization of individual nanotube devices. At the same time, both experimental and theoretical investigations found that many of the phenomena observed in transport studies of these devices are not due to bulk properties of nanotubes, but depend instead on local atomic-scale details including defects and impurities within the nanotube itself and interfaces between the nanotube and microfabricated electrodes. This prompted application of a number of scanning probe microscopies (SPM), where local probes are used to both stimulate the nanotube and its response to localized electrostatic potentials. In this chapter, we review the state of the art in several methods of SPM, including scanning gate microscopy (SGM), electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), and current-sensitive and thermal SPM, as they are applied to study physical phenomena in carbon nanotube devices at both room and low temperatures.
Research on advanced metering infrastructure time synchronization based on NTP

The Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is an automatic electric energy information collection system which integrates microelectronic, communication and embedded computer technology. The role of AMI is becoming more and more important in power system with the smart grid construction. In AMI, the time information is not only an important indicator of the system, its accuracy will also restrict the time of use (TOU) power price implementation , and affect the power demand side management efficiency. In order to improve the time accuracy of the AMI, this paper proposes a network time protocol (NTP) time synchronization theory based on asymmetric coefficient modification, using client/server mode and broadcast mode to synchronize the acquisition terminal and the smart meter of AMI from top to bottom respectively. Finally, the designed time synchronization system can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of AMI.
Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy — Indication, Technique and Results

The struggle to find an appropriate treatment for low back pain has been going on for centuries. Laminectomy, as a surgical means for the treatment of a herniated nucleus pulposus, became an acceptable procedure following Mixter and Barr’s well-documented publication in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1934 [13].
The Colon: Normal and Pathologic Haustral Anatomy

The distinctive haustral contour of the large intestine is provided by three bands of longitudinal muscle—the taeniae coli. Since the taeniae are shorter than the length of the colon itself, their tethering action in relation to the circular muscle results in the characteristic haustral sacculations. The colonic haustra are thus organized into three distinct rows, each of which has characteristic anatomic relationships (6).
High Resolution Spectroscopy of Polyacetylene Oligomers: Linear Polyenes with 3 Through 7 Double Bonds

This paper aims at communicating what we now know about polyene electronic structure [1], focussing on those features that are especially relevant for the description of electronic structure in linear conjugated polymers such as polyacetylene and the polydiacetylenes. This is most easily done by first discussing the experimental results and their interpretation in terms of electronic structure for trans-octatetraene (Figure 1), and then describing the trends in electronic properties as conformation is changed or the polyene chain length is made shorter or longer.
Photovoltaic and charge transfer analysis of perylene diimide dimer systems

Abstract The dimerization of perylene diimide (PDI) with a bridge separating each monomer has been of interest recently due to notable increases in device efficiencies. We aim to further investigate the impact this bridge has on the photovoltaic and charge transfer properties of an organic photovoltaic using electronic structure methods. Calculations were performed on a variety of heteroatom substituted bridge units in both fused and unfused PDI dimers to directly compare with the previously studied thiophene bridge unit. The systems consist of bridged PDI dimers as an acceptor, coupled with a known polymer donor. Using Marcus theory, the rates of intermolecular charge recombination (kCR) and charge transfer (kCT) were calculated using the Gibbs free energies, reorganization energy and electronic coupling for each system. Fused systems exhibit a kCT/kCR ratio up to 106 times higher than unfused systems, decreased reorganization energy, and had more favorable Gibbs free energies. Larger heteroatom substitutions, like silicon and phosphorus, have improved photovoltaic and Marcus theory parameters, and show potential to perform better than typical thiophene linkers.
Reported rates of clostridium difficile following radical cystectomy in national datasets compared to individual institutions

Abstract Background Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an important cause of hospital acquired morbidity with implications for quality of care. Radical cystectomy is a surgical procedure associated with high rates of morbidity one of which is a high rate of CDI. The rate of CDI among patients undergoing radical cystectomy may be estimated based on the reports from single institutions or by querying national databases. This study aims to compare rates of CDI reported in single institution series with rates obtained from national datasets. Methods A search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar using the terms “cystectomy+difficile” and “cystectomy+complication.” Three hundred fifty articles were screened and 46 met criteria for inclusion based on the presence of specific rates of C. difficile following radical cystectomy. In the case of articles reporting on the same database, only the article with a larger sample size was included in the pooled analysis. One study reviewing a single institution was excluded from pooled analysis because it did not relate the rate of CDI specifically with cystectomy. Multi-institutional studies were not included in pooled analysis. Results After exclusion of repeated data and multi-institutional studies, the pooled analysis consisted of 39 studies. Thirty five articles reported rates of CDI in single institutions and 4 articles reported rates found in national databases. Studies focusing on a single institution reported an average 5.02% (standard deviation = 4.88) incidence of CDI, compared to an average of 1.92% (standard deviation = 0.22) in databases. The rate of CDI found by totaling patients and incidence of infection found that databases show a rate of 1.95%, while institutions show a rate of 4.11% (P Conclusion The rate of CDI following radical cystectomy may be underestimated in national databases. This has implications for the development of health policy and quality measures based on the rate of CDI.
Pattern recognition receptors as potential therapeutic targets in metabolic syndrome: From bench to bedside.

Abstract Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) play crucial roles in the underlying mechanisms of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Mainly, these receptors have been suggested to participate in the pathophysiological processes involved in the complications associated with this condition. Therefore, to evolve therapeutic strategies targeting PRRs might be an imperative approach to avoid the development of further complications in human subjects. In this work, we discuss the understanding regarding the roles of PRRs in the pathways of MetS to further describe potential advancements made to target these receptors within this pathology.
Classifying Ecuador’s Regime under Correa: A Procedural Approach

This article presents the case for steering clear of electoral outcome-based regime classifications. It advocates focusing instead on the systemic character of the formal and informal institutions that govern access to power as a more appropriate way to draw electoral regime boundaries. The case study of Ecuador under the presidency of Rafael Correa is offered as an example of this approach. Both electoral outcomes under Correismo (2006–2017) as well as the procedural context in which elections occurred are examined. But the regime is here analyzed and categorized on a procedural-centered basis. The analysis of the slope of the playing field in the electoral arena reveals that political competition was fundamentally unfair, placing the regime in the competitive authoritarian category. This conclusion is reached on grounds of the incumbent’s capture of the electoral management body, as well as highly discriminatory electoral laws drawn by the incumbent, among many other factors that rendered Ecuadorean electoral contests unfair.
Delivery Technologies for Orally Inhaled Products: an Update

Orally inhaled products have well-known benefits. They allow for effective local administration of many drugs for the treatment of pulmonary disease, and they allow for rapid absorption and avoidance of first-pass metabolism of several systemically acting drugs. Several challenges remain, however, such as dosing limitations, low and variable deposition of the drug in the lungs, and high drug deposition in the oropharynx region. These challenges have stimulated the development of new delivery technologies. Both formulation improvements and new device technologies have been developed through an improved understanding of the mechanisms of aerosolization and lung deposition. These new advancements in formulations have enabled improved aerosolization by controlling particle properties such as density, size, shape, and surface energy. New device technologies emerging in the marketplace focus on minimizing patient errors, expanding the range of inhaled drugs, improving delivery efficiency, increasing dose consistency and dosage levels, and simplifying device operation. Many of these new technologies have the potential to improve patient compliance. This article reviews how new delivery technologies in the form of new formulations and new devices enhance orally inhaled products.
Formulation of Biocompatible Targeted ECO/siRNA Nanoparticles with Long-Term Stability for Clinical Translation of RNAi.

Nanoparticle based siRNA formulations often suffer from aggregation and loss of function during storage. We in this study report a frozen targeted RGD-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-ECO/siβ3 nanoparticl...
Nanoparticle Enhanced Interfacial Solar Photothermal Water Disinfection Demonstrated in 3-D Printed Flow-Through Reactors

Heat treatment, i.e., boiling or pasteurization, is the most widely recognized and practiced form of household water treatment. Considering recent advances in the development of light harvesting nanoparticles for solar-to-heat conversion, we envision that a nanomaterial enhanced water heating treatment system could obviate the need to use fuels or electricity to heat water by replacing the energy source with sunlight. In this study, we demonstrate that functional disinfection temperatures can be easily achieved with unconcentrated sunlight using a single layer interfacial photothermal film in direct contact with a tortuous flowing water channel. Photothermal films were fabricated by dispersing high concentrations of light harvesting nanoparticles, carbon black and Au nanorods, into a highly transparent curable polymer. Bench-scale 3-D printed reactors were employed to determine the effect of different parameters on reactor performance, such as channel height, retention time, flow rate, initial water temperature, and light intensity. Simulations demonstrate the scalability of the treatment system, predicting that a reactor footprint of 45 × 45 cm would be required for a photothermal treatment system that could produce 8 L of water per day with 8 h of sunlight at 1 Sun intensity.
Tracking intentionalism and the phenomenology of mental effort

Most of us are familiar with the phenomenology of mental effort accompanying cognitively demanding tasks, like focusing on the next chess move or performing lengthy mental arithmetic. In this paper, I argue that phenomenology of mental effort poses a novel counterexample to tracking intentionalism, the view that phenomenal consciousness is a matter of tracking features of one’s environment in a certain way. I argue that an increase in the phenomenology of mental effort does not accompany a change in any of the following candidate representational contents: (a) representation of externally presented features, e.g. brightness, contrast, and so on (b) representation of task difficulty, (c) representation of the possibility of error, (d) representation of trying to achieve some state of affairs, (e) representation of bodily changes like muscle tension, or (f) representation of change in cognitive resource availability and lost opportunity cost. While tracking intentionalism about some phenomenal experiences like pains might obtain, it does not seem to obtain for all phenomenal experiences. This puts the intentionalist into an uncomfortable position of trying to explain why some phenomenal experiences have representational content and not others. Since many believe that tracking intentionalism or something like it provides the best chance of naturalizing consciousness, these arguments deserve detailed consideration.
Relationship of low-field microwave absorption to the surface area and sample shape of yttrium barium copper oxide (YBa2Cu3O7-.delta.) superconductors

The relationship of surface area with the nonresonant low-field microwave absorption (LFMA) was investigated for the YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}} powder and solid slab samples that exhibit a critical current of {approximately} 1,200 A/cm{sup 2}. The intensity of the LFMA is found to be dependent on surface area, shape, and particle size. The LFMA intensity is observed to increase linearly with total surface area for the powder samples. It is also proportional to the surface area of slab samples with different shapes but only when the demagnetization factor is taken into account. The temperature dependence of the LFMA intensity is interpreted in terms of the coupling/decoupling of Josephson junctions and the microwave penetration that influence the total surface current. The total generated surface currents are interpreted as the sum of inter- and intragranular currents. It is suggested that the relative contributions of inter- and intragranular currents vary with temperature and sample morphology.
An Empirical Study to Predict Diabetes Mellitus using K-Means and Hierarchical Clustering Techniques

Diabetes is a serious disease which is increasing at an alarming rate all over the world and it may cause some longterm issues such as affecting the eyes, heart, kidneys, brain, feet and nerves. The best way to prevent diabetes is to control blood glucose and take care of yourself. So, to delay these problems we have to identify the disease and possibly in the early stage of the disease in our body to control over it. From this thinking, in this paper we have analyzed on a diabetes dataset to predict diabetes using two popular Machine Learning algorithms K-means and Hierarchical Clustering as we know that Machine Learning is a crucial division of algorithm which is playing a very important role to predict human diseases in this decade.
Restricting mycotoxins without killing the producers: a new paradigm in nano-fungal interactions

Over the past several years, numerous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of using engineered nanoparticles as antifungals, especially against those fungal pathogens that produce mycotoxins and infect plants, animals, and humans. The high dosage of nanoparticles has been a concern in such antifungal applications due to the potential toxicological and ecotoxicological impacts. To address such concerns, we have recently introduced the idea of inhibiting mycotoxin biosynthesis using low doses of engineered nanoparticles. At such low doses these particles are minimally toxic to humans and the environment. From our studies we realize that for the effective use of nanotechnology to intervene in the biology of fungal pathogens and for an accurate evaluation of the impacts of the increasingly growing nanomaterials in the environment on fungi and their interacting biotic partners, there is a pressing need for a rigorous understanding of nano-fungal interactions, which is currently far from complete. In this minireview, we build on the available evidence from nano-bio interaction research and our recent interaction studies with Aspergillus cells and engineered silver nanoparticles to introduce a potential theoretical model for nano-fungal interactions. The aim of the proposed model is to provide an initial insight on how nanoparticle uptake and their transformation inside fungal cells, possibly influence the production of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi .
Staging the intimate-public camera: Wen Hui’s documentary practice with her third grandmother

ABSTRACTThis article highlights pioneering dancer, choreographer, and multi-media artist Wen Hui's unique contribution to Chinese independent cinema and first person documentary by analyzing her tw...
Can Cities Activate Sleeper Species and Predict Future Forest Pests? A Case Study of Scale Insects.

Sleeper species are innocuous native or naturalized species that exhibit invasive characteristics and become pests in response to environmental change. Climate warming is expected to increase arthropod damage in forests, in part, by transforming innocuous herbivores into severe pests: awakening sleeper species. Urban areas are warmer than natural areas due to the urban heat island effect and so the trees and pests in cities already experience temperatures predicted to occur in 50–100 years. We posit that arthropod species that become pests of urban trees are those that benefit from warming and thus should be monitored as potential sleeper species in forests. We illustrate this with two case studies of scale insects that are important pests of urban trees in parts of the US. Melanaspis tenebricosa and Parthenolecanium quercifex are geographically native to the US but take on invasive characteristics such as higher survival and reproduction and become disconnected from natural enemies on urban trees due to the urban heat island effect. This allows them to reach high densities and damage their host trees. Parthenolecanium quercifex density increases up to 12 times on urban willow oaks with just 2 °C of warming due to higher survival and adaptation to warmer temperatures. The urban heat island effect also creates a phenological mismatch between P. quercifex and its parasitoid complex, and so egg production is higher. Melanaspis tenebricosa density can increase 300 times on urban red maples with 2.5 °C of warming. This too is due to direct effects of warmer temperatures on survival and fecundity but M. tenebricosa also benefits from the drought stress incurred by warmer urban trees. These effects combine to increase M. tenebricosa density in forests as well as on urban trees at latitudes higher than its native range. We illustrate how cities provide a unique opportunity to study the complex effects of warming on insect herbivores. Studying pestilent urban species could be a pragmatic approach for identifying and preparing for sleeper species.
Mobile Sensor Location Optimization U sing Support Vector Machines with Error-Correcting Output Codes

This work is concerned with the introduction and development of a technique to optimally position a Mobile Sensor (MS) in a location with adequate side lobe Radio Frequency (RF) signal power. The proposed method involves the generation of a database (DB) of side lobe power distribution for different azimuth angles of the downlink transmitted signal. The generated DB is subsequently used to train and test a Machine Learning (ML) multiclass classifier, as well as two distinct Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), to identify the desired MS location. Simulation experiments are performed which indicate a maximum accuracy of 99.25%, 96.56% and 96.10% for 8 different receiver locations.
Reading Instruction for Children with down Syndrome: Extending Research on Behavioral Phenotype Aligned Interventions

Research focused on identifying effective interventions for individuals with Down syndrome is increasingly informed by the behavioral phenotype – a profile of performance associated with a genetic ...
Technology Use in Young Adult Marital Relationships: A Case Study Approach

Contemporary young adults (18–29 years old) have experienced technology as a normative feature throughout their lives. The current case study was designed to understand how technology is used in young adult marital relationships and how these couples perceive that technology influences their relationships. Ten heterosexual young adult married couples (n = 20 individuals) completed daily diary surveys about their own and their partners technology use over seven consecutive days and each participant completed an individual in-depth interview. Results indicated no significant differences between spouses in time spent with technology (i.e., cell phones, computer/tablet, entertainment media, social networking sites). Couples indicated that technology facilitated both connection and distraction in their relationships. Further, all couples reported that they had rules for regulating technology use within their marriages.
Chapter 17 – Cognitive Activity

Epidemiologic studies of mental exercise and AD risk have relied on proxies for exposure measurement, such as attained education, IQ, or occupational complexity, or have obtained information on the extent to which people participated in specific cognitive activities with varying cognitive demands. Case–control and cohort studies have shown that higher education and IQ have strong inverse associations with dementia risk. Complex occupations, especially those involving interactions with people, also are associated with lower risk for dementia. Studies relating cognitive performance to cognitive activities performed suffer from several potential sources of bias, including reverse causation as well as poor recall of cognitive activities late in life by those who will soon become demented and their proxies. One study that obtained information on intellectual-cultural activities in midlife found such activities to be associated with lower likelihood of AD 20 years later. Studies of cognitive training have shown that the benefits of cognitive training persist, but are specific to the cognitive activity trained. Consistent with these findings, studies of brain volume change, including the seminal study of London taxi drivers, demonstrate growth in the brain in particular regions specific to the cognitive activities that are being trained. Mechanisms include reduction of Aβ as well as Aβ oligomers, particularly in studies involving complete enrichment. A second mechanism is secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Although mental exercise likely leads to secretion of BDNF in areas where specific pathways are activated in association with the intellectual activity, physical exercise appears to be linked to more global secretion of BDNF. If there is a synergy between mental and physical exercise, the optimal program for AD prevention might include memory training and regular aerobic exercise.
Foresight: Outlook for the Legal Framework of the National Legal System in the Future

Purpose: The purpose of this study is a comprehensive scientific analysis of the possibility of using Foresight methods not only in economics, but also in law.
The New Deal: Retrospection, Realignment, or a Reconstituted Polity?

Political scientists and constitutional theorists agree that the New Deal represents a significant change to American life, but they disagree as to why. I provide a first attempt at evaluating the relative persuasiveness of the traditional realignment, economic retrospection, and dualist democracy theories of the New Deal. I leverage early Gallup polls that gauged public opinion on specific New Deal policies, proposed constitutional amendments, and economic perceptions. I find little evidence to support the Achen and Bartels thesis that Americans supported the New Deal only because it worked. Most New Deal policies—even those struck down by the Supreme Court—enjoyed broad, bipartisan support, as did several proposed constitutional amendments to expand federal power. The similarity in findings provides initial evidence that many Americans viewed the New Deal as a constitutionally-significant change.
Speech production factors and verbal working memory in children and adults with developmental language disorder.

Verbal working memory (VWM) deficits are common in individuals with developmental language disorder (DLD) but are not well understood. This study evaluated how both memory and language production factors influence VWM performance in children and adults with DLD, focusing on the influence of serial position, phonological activation (PA), and lexical frequency. Participants were 30 children with DLD and 26 with typical language, and 21 adults with DLD and 23 with typical language. The participants completed a listening span task in which they were asked to recall the final words of sentences in sets of increasing size. Responses (dependent variable) were coded as correct, incorrect, or no response. Final words were coded for frequency, serial position within the set, and PA (number of occurrences of the initial phoneme, vowel, and whole word in the task). These variables, along with age and language status, were entered as predictors in mixed-effects multinomial regression models. Extreme serial position, greater PA, and higher frequency reduced incorrect and no responses. These effects were attenuated for the DLD group, and the effect of greater PA varied with set size. The findings suggest that for individuals with DLD, VWM performance is affected by more limited effective language experience and by the dynamic task demands.
When is Separate Unequal?: A Disability Perspective

1. Introduction 2. Anti-subordination above all: a disability perspective 3. The mythic 43 million Americans with disabilities at the workplace 4. K-12 education 5. Higher education and testing accommodations 6. Voting 7. Reflections on race: the limits of formal equality.
Service Encounters: Class, Gender, and the Market for Social Distinction in Urban China

2. Revolution and Reform: The Business of Retail in Modern China, 25 3. Service Work with Socialist Characteristics, 54 4. Distinction Work and the Gendered Production of Class, 86 5. The Underground and the Counter Strategies of Distinction, 120 6. Post-Socialist Distinction Work, 154 7. Conclusion, 186
Distribution of suspended particulate matter in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Interim report

This research quantifies SPM in surface waters observed during multiple research cruises that took place in the Northern Gulf of Mexico as part of the continuing study, “Satellite Assessment of CO2 Distribution, Variability and Flux and Understanding of Control Mechanisms in a River Dominated Ocean Margin”, a NSF funded grant. For the purposes of this study, suspended particulate matter was defined as material located in the water column which may be captured on a filtration membrane with a pore size of 0.4 µm. The percent of particulate organic carbon (POC) was also quantified.
A model of regional ventilation-perfusion inhomogeneity in the avian lung: Implications for gas exchange and intrapulmonary chemoreceptor microenvironment

Abstract We recorded discharge frequencies of 32 intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC) during caudocranial and craniocaudal ventilation in the perfused duck lung. Blood gases, ventilatory gas flow, inspired P CO 2 and P O 2 , and expired P CO 2 measured simultaneously were used to predict regional CO 2 and O 2 gradients within the lung. Gas exchange was modelled in 7 log normal ventilation-perfusion compartments using mass balance differentials with an adjustable step size. CO 2 and O 2 interactions during exchange were modelled using the Bohr effect. P 50 , blood acid-base status and the CO 2 dissociation relationship. Close agreement (± 1.0 Torr) between simulated arterial and expired P CO 2 and observed values was achieved after forcing simulated Pa O 2 to converge on observed Pa O 2 by an iterative adjustment of the perfusive shunt or the log standard deviation of the ventilation-perfusion distribution. Using the IPC static CO 2 sensitivity measured in the non-perfused lung and the CO 2 gradients generated by the model, we have found evidence for a distributed multi-ending receptor system in the duck lung.
Development of cryostabilized Nb 3 Sn-Cu superconducting wire using the in situ process

This paper presents two contributions to the development of the in situ process for production of high-field Nb3Sn-Cu supercoducting wire. First, in the utilization of multidie drawing equipment for reduction of Cu-Nb alloy castings to wire size, even though the alloy is quite ductile, it is desirable to utilize some intermediate anneals to insure zero breakage.1 It is shown here that these anneals can be controlled to improve the Jc properties of the wire. Second, a technique is presented for the production of a cryostabilized in situ wire that is compatible with large-scale production methods. The technique utilizes a combination of rolling and extrusion to produce wire with a stabilizing Cu core.
Adaptive hierarchical multi-objective fuzzy optimization for circuit design

The outline of a methodology for adaptive hierarchical multiobjective function optimization in a fuzzy sense is presented, suitable for circuit optimization and able to mimic to some extent the designer's interactive circuit design process. It is an effort to generalize and go beyond the Taguchi methodology of variability-then-target optimization with the addition of automated selection of optimization variables. The methodology allows for the simultaneous and/or sequential optimization of an arbitrary number of statistical measures of an arbitrary number of circuit performances. >
Determination of motor threshold using visual observation overestimates transcranial magnetic stimulation dosage: Safety implications

Abstract Objective While the standard has been to define motor threshold (MT) using EMG to measure motor cortex response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), another method of determining MT using visual observation of muscle twitch (OM-MT) has emerged in clinical and research use. We compared these two methods for determining MT. Methods Left motor cortex MTs were found in 20 healthy subjects. Employing the commonly-used relative frequency procedure and beginning from a clearly suprathreshold intensity, two raters used motor evoked potentials and finger movements respectively to determine EMG-MT and OM-MT. Results OM-MT was 11.3% higher than EMG-MT (p Conclusions These findings suggest using OM yields significantly higher MTs than EMG, and may lead to unsafe TMS in some individuals. In more than half of the subjects in the present study, use of their OM-MT for typical rTMS treatment of depression would have resulted in stimulation beyond safety limits. Significance For applications that involve stimulation near established safety limits and in the presence of factors that could elevate risk such as concomitant medications, EMG–MT is advisable, given that safety guidelines for TMS parameters were based on EMG-MT.
Geology and Volcanic Rocks Calera-Del Nido Block, Chihuahua, Mexico: Uranium Potential of Region: ABSTRACT

The Calera-del Nido block extends north from Chihuahua City for 140 km and from Highway 45 west to the next major valley. The block has a steep east-facing scarp and more gentle west-facing slopes. In Majalca Canyon, a rhyolite flow dome (oldest), rhyolite tuff, boulder conglomerates, and a felsic lava flow (Almireces volcanics, next oldest), and andesite-basaltic andesite flows (4+ km thick, Penas Azules volcanics) underlie a basal 45-m.y. old rhyolite tuff of the Rancheria volcanics. Above this, the Rancheria includes the Picos Gemelos andesite End_Page 765------------------------------ flow, a bright-red welded tuff, and the Rancheria ash-flow rhyolite which forms the prominent cliff on Cerro Rancheria, 50 km north of Chihuahua. In Bellavista Canyon these rocks are overlain by basalt flows, a rhyolite welded tuff (Acantilado tuff) and a peralkaline ash-flow rhyolite (Cryptic tuff). At Punta de Agua, rhyolite tuffs, breccias, and flows overlie these rocks on an erosion surface of considerable relief, like that of today. West of Cumbres de Majalca, flat-lying Acantilado-type (30 m.y.) ash-flow rhyolites form a dissected, westward-sloping plateau. West of Bellavista, basalt flows are overlain by the Acantilado which has a major vent in Sierra Rusia. The Sierra Campana (80 km north of Chihuahua City) is composed of Cryptic-like ash-flow rhyolites with the peralkaline Ca pana tuff on top. Thick ash-flow and vertically foliated rhyolites mark a vent for the Cryptic in lower Santa Clara Canyon. Flat-lying basalt and basaltic andesite. Acantilado tuff, and Cryptic tuff extend westward to Ojos Azules. Below the Acantilado, basalts are dominant in lower Santa Clara Canyon, but rhyolite tuffs and breccias become prominent westward. Small rhyolite vent complexes are exposed near Rancho Manta Negra and Las Varas. The large volumes of Tertiary rhyolites (including peralkaline types) indicate that this region has potential for those types of uranium deposits that are closely related to felsic volcanic environments. End_of_Article - Last_Page 766------------
Background level and counter efficiencies required for a loophole-free Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment

An analysis is made of the background level and counter efficiencies actually necessary to perform a loophole-free Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment. Both requirements are correlated. Photon counters do not absolutely have to have more than 82.8% efficiency if the signal-over-noise ratio is very high.
Reply to comments on Wait's 'In defense of J.A. Stratton'

The author points out that M.G.M. Hussain (ibid., vol.31, no.3, p.202, May 1989), in his comments on the author's paper (ibid., vol.30, no.4, p.590, Nov. 1988) says that equation (4) is not valid at y=0. He notes that he stated that y>0. Even if the source were a current sheet in the plane y=0, it would still be possible to alloy y to approach zero from positive values. >
Locating Asian Values in Asian Journalism: A Content Analysis of Web Newspapers

This study tested arguments in the largely anecdotal debate over the existence of Asian values in Asian journalism. News stories uploaded to 10 Asian on-line newspapers were content analyzed for the prevalence of “harmony” and “supportiveness,” which the literature suggests as key Asian values. The findings show that the journalistic emphasis on Asian values is concentrated in the Southeast Asia subregion and tracks restrictions on press freedom.
Double quantum coherence electron spin resonance on coupled Cu(II)–Cu(II) electron spins

Abstract We demonstrate for the first time the ability to generate double quantum coherences (DQCs) for the case of Cu(II). We show that small splittings (∼7 MHz) from the Cu(II)–Cu(II) electron–electron magnetic dipolar interaction can be reliably resolved even though the inhomogeneously broadened Cu(II) linewidth is ∼2 GHz. A Cu(II)–Cu(II) distance of 2.0 nm was measured on a model peptide system, thus, demonstrating that distances on the nanometer scale may be measured using DQC electron spin resonance (ESR).
Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol impairs reversal learning but not extra-dimensional shifts in rhesus macaques

Abstract Expansion of medical marijuana use in the US and the recently successful decriminalization of recreational marijuana in two States elevates interest in the specific cognitive effects of Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9THC), the major psychoactive constituent of marijuana. Controlled laboratory studies in nonhuman primates provide mixed evidence for specific effects of Δ9THC in learning and memory tasks, with a suggestion that frontal-mediated tasks may be the most sensitive. In this study, adult male rhesus monkeys were trained on tasks which assess reversal learning, extradimensional attentional shift learning and spatial delayed-response. Subjects were challenged with 0.1–0.5 mg/kg Δ9THC, i.m., in randomized order and evaluated on the behavioral measures. Peak plasma levels of Δ9THC were observed 30 min after 0.2 mg/kg (69 ± 29 ng/ml) and 60 min after 0.5 mg/kg (121 ± 23 ng/ml) was administered and behavioral effects on a bimanual motor task persisted for up to 2 h after injection. An increase in errors-to-criterion (ETC) associated with reversal learning was further increased by Δ9THC in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in ETC associated with extradimensional shifts was not affected by Δ9THC. Spatial delayed-response performance was impaired by Δ9THC in a retention-interval-dependent manner. Overall the pattern of results suggests a more profound effect of Δ9THC on tasks mediated by orbitofrontal (reversal learning) versus dorsolateral (extradimensional shifts) prefrontal mechanisms.
Augmentation of cerebellar Purkinje cell discharge rate after diphenylhydantoin.

SUMMARY Extracellular microelectrode recordings were made of cerebellar Purkinje cell (P-cell) discharge rates before and after systemic administration of antiepileptic compounds. Prior to drug administration, P-cell discharge rate averaged 24±20 (S.D.) Hz. After diphenylhydantoin (DPH) (10 mg/kg i.v.), P-cell discharge rate averaged 141±37 Hz. High frequency sustained discharges reached a maximum 1± hr after DPH and persisted for several hours thereafter. Similar high frequency P-cell discharges averaging 140±79 Hz were observed in animals chronically pretreated with DPH (5 mg/kg i.p. 2 ± daily for 3 days). After phenobarbital (20 and 40 mg/kg i.v.), P-cell discharge rates of 72±20 and 120±42 Hz were recorded. Following tri-methadione (300 mg/kg i.v.) or acetazolamide (35 mg/kg i.v.), no increase in P-cell discharge rates was observed. The possible relation between cerebellar P-cell activity, antiepileptic drugs, and seizure mechanisms is discussed. RESUME On a enregistre, avec des microelectrodes extracellulaires, la frequence des decharges des cellules cerebelleuses de Purkinje avant et apres l'administration de produits antiepileptiques. La frequence des decharges des cellules de Purkinje etait de 24±20 (SD) Hz avant et de 141±37 Hz apres l'administration de 10 mg/kg i.v. de diphenylhydantoine (DPH). Les decharges prolongees a frequence elevee atteignaient leur maximum une heure et quart apres DPH et persistaient pendant plusieurs heures. On observait des decharges analogues des cellules de Purkinje, de 140±79 Hz, chez des animaux prealablement traites par DPH (5 mg/kg i.p., 2 fois par jour pendant 3 jours). Apres phenobarbital (20 et 40 mg/kg i.v.) on enregistrait des decharges de 72±20 et 120±42 Hz dans les cellules de Purkinje. Apres trimethadione (300 mg/kg i.v.) ou acetazolamide (35 mg/kg i.v.), on n'observait pas d'augmentation des decharges dans les cellules de Purkinje. On discute les relations eventuelles entre l'activite des cellules de Purkinje, les drogues antiepileptiques et les mecanismes des crises epileptiques.
Progestin regulated miRNAs that mediate progesterone receptor action in breast cancer

Progesterone receptors (PRs) mediate response to progestins in the normal breast and breast cancer. To determine if liganded PR regulate microRNAs (miRNAs) as a component of their action, we profiled mature miRNA levels following progestin treatment. Indeed, 28 miRNAs are significantly altered by 6h of progestin treatment. Many progestin-responsive genes are putative targets of progestin-regulated miRNAs; for example, progestin treatment decreases miR-29, thereby relieving repression of one of its direct targets, the gene encoding ATPase, Na(+)/K(+) transporting, beta 1 polypeptide (ATP1B1). Thus, liganded PR regulates ATP1B1 through sites in the promoter and the 3'UTR, to achieve maximal tight hormonal regulation of ATP1B1 protein via both transcriptional and translational control. We find that ATP1B1 serves to limit migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. Lastly, we demonstrate that PR itself is regulated by a progestin-upregulated miRNA, miR-513a-5p, providing a novel mechanism for tight control of PR protein expression.