cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Model-Based Prognostics With Concurrent Damage Progression Processes

Model-based prognostics approaches rely on physics-based models that describe the behavior of systems and their components. These models must account for the several different damage processes occurring simultaneously within a component. Each of these damage and wear processes contributes to the overall component degradation. We develop a model-based prognostics methodology that consists of a joint state-parameter estimation problem, in which the state of a system along with parameters describing the damage progression are estimated, followed by a prediction problem, in which the joint state-parameter estimate is propagated forward in time to predict end of life and remaining useful life. The state-parameter estimate is computed using a particle filter and is represented as a probability distribution, allowing the prediction of end of life and remaining useful life within a probabilistic framework that supports uncertainty management. We also develop a novel variance control algorithm that maintains an uncertainty bound around the unknown parameters to limit the amount of estimation uncertainty and, consequently, reduce prediction uncertainty. We construct a detailed physics-based model of a centrifugal pump that includes damage progression models, to which we apply our model-based prognostics algorithm. We illustrate the operation of the prognostic solution with a number of simulation-based experiments and demonstrate the performance of the approach when multiple damage mechanisms are active.
Asymptotic Value-at-Risk Estimates for Sums of Dependent Random Variables

We estimate Value-at-Risk for sums of dependent random variables. We model multivariate dependent random variables using archimedean copulas. This structure allows one to calculate the asymptotic behaviour of extremal events. An important application of such results are Value-at-Risk estimates for sums of dependent random variables.
Higher Order Escape Analysis: Optimizing Stack Allocation in Functional Program Implementations

In this paper, we present a method for optimizing the allocation of closures in memory. This method is based on escape analysis, an application of abstraction interpretation to higher order functional languages. Escape analysis determines, at compile time, if any arguments to a function have a greater lifetime than the function call itself. Such arguments, especially if they are closures, must be allocated in the heap rather than in the stack. In most implementations, however, stack allocation of closures is preferable due to the lower cost of allocation and reclamation. Therefore, we use escape analysis to determine when arguments can be stack allocated safely.
Using Father's Age to Explore the Role of Germ Cell Mutation as a Cause of Human Cancer

It has been conjectured that single-gene mutations in the human sperm or egg may increase the risk of cancer in subsequent offspring. We propose an epidemiological test of this hypothesis, using an observation from paediatric genetics. Children with autosomal dominant disease are occasionally born into previously unaffected families. This signals the probable mutation of a parent's germ cell. Risk of producing these offspring is found to be related to father's age but not to mother's age. This suggests that sex differences in germ cell production lead to a greater accumulation of germ cell mutations in men than women. If germ cell mutations increase with father's age, and if germ cell mutations are associated with subsequent increase in cancer risk, then some association should exist between age of the father (but not the mother) and risk of cancer. We discuss the few available data, and suggest ways that this hypothesis might easily be tested.
Effect of luminance and contrast on processing large disparities

Although reduced luminance impairs the discrimination of small disparity stimuli, large-disparity discrimination may improve. For example, crossed and uncrossed stimulus disparities of 4° that are not discriminated at photopic levels may be easily discriminated at mesopic levels near the color threshold. This improvement of stereo processing appears to be dependent upon an effective contrast reduction produced neurally, because a physical reduction of contrast without a change of background luminance may also improve large-disparity stereopsis.
An Analysis of Stock Returns and Aggregate Earnings

We reexamine the time-series properties and determinants of the relation between aggregate earnings and returns (earnings response coefficient, ERC) employing return decompositions with longer historical data. We find that aggregate ERC is time-varying, above and beyond the evidence documented in prior literature that aggregate ERC is negative. We also find the aggregate ERC components - expected return ERC, cash flow news ERC, and discount rate news ERC - are time-varying. We reconcile the prior findings and show that both news and expectations of returns contribute to aggregate ERC and the relative importance of each varies over time. We further show that the time-varying aggregate ERC and the relative importance of aggregate ERC components are strongly associated with macroeconomic conditions and the stock market regulation environment.
A lost packet recovery technique using convolutional coding in high speed networks

Packet loss due to buffer overflow during congested traffic conditions is expected to be a major source of performance degradation in future high speed networks. Forward error correction can be employed in these networks to improve the end-to-end system performance by reconstructing lost packets at the receiver, thereby avoiding retransmissions. The authors study the feasibility of using convolutional coding for recovering lost packets. They propose a high-speed convolutional decoding technique and demonstrate its applicability in ATM networks at the ATM Adaptation Layer to recover lost packets. >
Pentostatin (2prime prime or minute-Deoxycoformycin): Clinical Pharmacology, Role In Cancer Chemotherapy, and Future Prospects.

Pentostatin (2prime prime or minute-deoxycoformycin, dCF) is a product of the fermentation of Streptomyces antibioticus. It is a tight-binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme essential in cellular metabolism of purines. Children with congenital absence of ADA suffer from atrophy of lymphoid tissues and severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) syndrome. It was speculated that pentostatin would be lymphocytotoxic, and this proved to be the case, promoting its investigation in lymphoid neoplasms. It was anticipated that pentostatin would be most active in neoplasms with high intracellular concentrations of ADA---e.g., acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), particularly its T cell variety. Although pentostatin proved to be active in ALL, large doses were required and toxic effects outweighted therapeutic benefits. By contrast, pentostatin proved to be exceptionally active in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), a B cell neoplasm with low intracellular concentrations of ADA. Pentostatin has since been shown to possess activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, cutaneous T cell lymphomas, adult T cell lymphoma-leukemia, and low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. It potentiates the activity of vidarabine against viruses and against the cells of acute myeloid leukemia. Pentostatin is inactive in melanoma and renal carcinoma, but has not been adequately evaluated in other solid tumors. The toxic effects of pentostatin include renal failure, central nervous system (CNS) depression, immunosuppression, keratoconjunctivitis, and opportunistic infections. In the absence of pre-existing bone marrow compromise, pentostatin produces only mild myelosuppression. Aside from its use as an antineoplastic agent, pentostatin has potential applications as an immunosuppresive drug, as an antiviral agent, as an antimalarial compound, and in the protection of cells of the CNS from damage induced by ischemia and anoxia.
Developmental Origins of Common Disease: Epigenetic Contributions to Obesity

The perinatal period is a window of susceptibility for later life disease. Recent epigenetic findings are beginning to increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the programming of obesity. This review summarizes recent evidence that supports the role of epigenetically mediated early life programming in the later onset of obesity. Establishing such links between environmental exposures and modifiable molecular changes ultimately holds promise to inform interventional efforts toward alleviating the environmentally mediated onset of obesity.
Inference for the First Order Statistic Distribution Based on Masked Exponential Distributions for Two Independent Competing Risks

This paper considers the scenario of independent risks which have times to occurrence described by Exponential distributions. The problem involves masking, that is, the time of occurrence of the earlier risk (first order statistic) is observed but not the specific risk. Nonidentifiability is a consequence of this limitation, and a Bayesian procedure is implemented to address this issue. More specifically, independent Gamma priors are placed on the Exponential parameters which allow identification of the Exponential parameters. Confidence intervals (CIs) for the distribution function F((1) ) (x) of the time to first occurrence are studied. Rigorous computer simulations are carried out to assess the relative performance of CIs based on Maximum Likelihood methods, Bayesian, and distribution-free asymptotics in terms of empirical coverage probability and average interval length. All the approaches presented in this study are for two independent Exponential risks, which can be generalized to three or more risks.
The role of race and ethnicity in climate change polarization: evidence from a U.S. national survey experiment

Research suggests that public divides on climate change may often be rooted in identity processes, driven in part by a motivation to associate with others with similar political and ideological views. In a large split-ballot national survey experiment of 2041 U.S. adults, we explored the role of a non-partisan identity—racial/ethnic majority and minority status—in climate change opinion, in addition to respondents’ political orientation (i.e., ideology and party affiliation). Specifically, we examined respondents’ climate beliefs and policy support, identification with groups that support environmental causes (“environmentalists”), and the sensitivity of these beliefs to other factors known to predict issue polarization (political orientation and issue framing). Results revealed that across all opinion metrics, non-Whites’ views were less politically polarized than those of Whites and were unaffected by exposure to different ways of framing the issue (as “global warming” versus “climate change”). Moreover, non-Whites were reliably less likely to self-identify as environmentalists compared to Whites, despite expressing existence beliefs and support for regulating greenhouse gases at levels comparable to Whites. These findings suggest that racial and ethnic identities can shape core climate change beliefs in previously overlooked ways. We consider implications for public outreach and climate science advocacy.
Parent binge eating and restrictive feeding practices: Indirect effects of parent's responses to child's negative emotion

Abstract Objective Parents' emotion regulation difficulties are related to binge eating (BE), and to responses to children's negative emotion. However, less is known about how responses to children's negative emotion are related to eating and feeding in the parenting context. We examined the degree to which BE had both direct and indirect effects on parental restrictive feeding practices, through parents' reported responses to negative emotion. Method Parents of preschoolers ( n = 441) completed validated questionnaires about their feeding strategies, responses to children's negative emotion, and their children's eating behaviors. Height and weight were measured in children and self-reported by parents. Unsupportive (Distress, Minimizing, and Punitive), and Supportive (Emotion-focused, Problem-focused, and Expressive Encouragement) responses to negative emotion were measured using the Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale. Results Parent's BE was correlated with Distress responses, Restriction for health, and Restriction for weight control. Controlling for confounders, BE was associated with Restriction for weight control, and Restriction for health. Model testing revealed that BE had significant direct ( R 2 [SE] = .073 [.031], 95% CI [.013, .134]) and indirect effects ( R 2 [SE] = .011 [.005], 95% CI [.003, .023]) on Restriction for weight control, through Distress responses, but only indirect effects on Restriction for health ( R 2 [SE] = .018 [.009], 95% CI [.004, .039]). Conclusions This study shows an association between emotion regulation and energy-intake regulation in the parenting context. Efforts to modify feeding practices may be more effective if parents' eating behaviors and their emotional responsiveness to distress are taken into account.
Multilayered Interconnections for VLSI

Interconnections are predicted to become the limit in performance and reliability at submicron dimensions. Layered structures are one possible solution to the problems of electromigration and hillocks. Aluminum alloys can improve the properties of pure aluminum but with a consistent increase in resistivity due to lattice distortions introduced by the alloy in solid solution. The rise in resistivity is minimal in layered films because aluminum layers act as parallel conductors. Titanium is the most effective refractory metal for eliminating hillocks in layered films; however vanadium, tantalum, and tungsten also reduce hillocks to a manageable level although high resistivity, the inability to dry etch, or lateral hillocks can become a problem. Layered films of aluminum with TiSi2 encounter problems with hillocks. These differences are partially explained by the increased strength of the aluminide TiAl3 that forms compared to the other compounds. Barrier metals are needed for aluminum layered with refractory metals because of the formation of ternary compounds, and several metals have proven to be satisfactory. Such barriers, however, are required for even aluminum at submicron dimensions for stable low-resistivity contacts.
Why Be Moral? and Reforming Selves

Even given the final truths of what is right and wrong, good and bad, ethics is not complete. For one may yet ask "Why should I be moral?" Of course, we have no prior assurance that it will be possible to provide a non moral and justifiable answer to the rational and self-interested person. Nevertheless, I claim that reasons for being moral can be provided even for the rational, self-interested, and remorseless individual who knows he will not be caught. In defending my claim I will draw on empirical data from re cent social psychology and game theory. Actual human selves are malleable in a number of ways. I will show that it is rational for the self-interested per son to modify selves (others' and one's own) in such a way that moral ac tions are increasingly preferred. Specifically, I will argue that it is in one's rational self-interest to enhance empathy in others and future selves (which may reciprocally enhance empathy in oneself) in such a way that for increas ing numbers other-injury becomes a component of self-injury, and other benefit becomes a component of self-benefit. This will allow a linkage to be drawn from rational and self-interested action to moral action. The development of this theory will begin by distinguishing my approach from that of Gauthier, then three interpretations of the "Why be moral?" ques tion will be delineated, next the decision theoretic components of my ac count will be presented, and finally the role of empathy will be considered in detail. Gauthier's approach to resolving the kind of problem that I am treating focuses on the rationality of making commitments.1 But I neither believe that the dilemma he so often employs, the Prisoner's Dilemma, is an adequate model for understanding the linkage of rationality and morality, nor that morals are "by agreement." While I also employ decision theory in my analysis, otherwise my account is fundamentally different from Gauthier's. First, Gauthier's central thesis is that one brings about a moral community by negotiating for commitment to mutually beneficial rules, whereas my account makes no use of commitment. It is a prime moral (and political) problem that such commitments are difficult to extract from real humans, and are incessantly violated. If humans were wont to make
Quantifying Recruitment Compensation in Florida Largemouth Bass, with Implications for Fisheries

AbstractFish populations that undergo heavy exploitation and those for which the act of fishing can influence individual brood success are at risk of recruitment effects due to angling. The angling of brood-guarding male black bass Micropterus spp. has been shown to decrease brood success, although there is no evidence that a loss of individual broods has population-level impacts. Therefore, some level of recruitment compensation may influence juvenile bass survival. We sought to measure recruitment compensation and the form of the stock–recruit relationship for a brood-guarding species, the Florida Largemouth Bass M. salmoides floridanus (hereafter, Florida Bass). The study was conducted in four north-central Florida lakes during 4 years (2010–2013). We quantified adult stock density by using mark–recapture electrofishing surveys. The estimated broods produced in each spawning season, the number of those broods that were successful, and the age-1 recruit density were quantified via snorkel surveys. We ev...
Reassessing the Distinction between Corporate and Securities Law

Public companies in the United States must comply with both federal securities law and state corporate law. This division of labor is premised on the assumption that there is a meaningful distinction between securities and corporate law. The prevailing approach argues that securities law is characterized by its use of disclosure, while corporate law sets forth substantive requirements. Others respond that the securities laws are really just a federal version of corporate law. This argument is largely founded on a broad conception of the investor protection function of the securities laws. If the securities laws are meant to protect investors, reformers contend that they should also preempt state corporate law to address corporate mismanagement.While investor protection concerns have been used to justify unifying corporate and securities law, this Article makes the novel argument that a more nuanced understanding of investor protection serves as a basis for distinguishing between corporate and securities law. Both corporate and securities law serve to protect investors, but they do so at two different phases of the investment process. First, when purchasing or selling a stock, a trading investor is vulnerable to transacting at an unfair price. Second, during the period when an investor owns a stock, he is vulnerable to new corporate misconduct that reduces the value of the company. Simply put, securities law protects investors when trading while corporate law protects investors while they are owners. Distinguishing between trading and ownership protection provides a strong basis for regulating securities and corporate law in different ways. Securities law is uniform and mandatory because investors have a uniform interest in fair valuation when trading. Corporate law is diverse and enabling because the ownership interests of investors are more difficult to reconcile.
A staging system for gluteal foreign body reaction to injectables.

Summary Background Esthetic augmentation of the gluteal region can lead to complications including debilitating pain, infections, wounds, and scars. To our knowledge, a general consensus of staging and treatment guidelines for managing gluteal foreign body reaction to injectables has not yet been established. Objective The objective of this study was to develop a reliable staging system that can be used to implement a treatment algorithm for gluteal foreign body reactions. Methods A retrospective review of 40 patients treated for complications of gluteal injections between September 2010 and May 2014 was performed. Patient symptoms, imaging, and photographs were used to develop a staging system of disease. Institutional review board approval was obtained from the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Five independent observers reviewed the patients' documented symptoms and photographs. Using our staging system, the independent observers reviewed the patient cases at two separate time intervals. Intra- and interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed to assess the reliability for each of the observers. Results Seven patients were classified as Stage I, fifteen as Stage IIa, nine as Stage IIb, and nine as Stage III. The mean patient age was 34 years (21–50). Analysis of the independent reviewer results revealed ICC for each rater to range from 0.96 to 0.98, demonstrating high indexes of intra-rater reliability. Conclusions Based on our statistical analysis, we found an excellent inter- and intra-observer reliability, indicating that the staging system is reproducible and reliable. A treatment strategy dependent on the stage can be implemented as a guideline to optimize functional and esthetic outcomes.
Dynamic networks analysis and visualization through spatiotemporal link segmentation

Big network data analysis has become a challenging task not only due to increasing large volume but the appearance of dynamic spatial-temporal relationship. Both network topologies and their link properties are constantly changing as a result of newly established and torn connections. Traditional data mining techniques in large-scale dynamic networks are either incapable or computationally expensive. To that end, we developed a dynamic network analysis and visualization (DNAV) tool. One major component of DNAV is a dynamic graph in which links are divided according to their temporal dimensions. Each segment on network edges represents the dynamic network temporal evolution of graph properties, e.g., locations where the communications occur. Unlike animation approaches, the proposed static view of dynamic networks does not rely deeply on human cognitive ability on remembering changes over different time slots, thus dramatically simplifying the visual analytic process for dynamic networks. To further improve scalability of rendering large networks, data filtering modules such as time selection, hops settings, entities selection, and edge weight thresholds, are adopted in the visualization. Case study demonstrates the effectiveness of DNAV tool in understanding the dynamic network patterns and trends and the potential to analyze anomalies in dynamic communication networks.
Conclusion: “Ce fagotage de tant de diverses pieces”/‘This Bundle of So Many Disparate Pieces’

At the outset of this study, we cited Theodor Adorno’s principle: “The essay’s object, however, is the new in its newness, not as something than can be translated back into the old existing form” (Adorno 21). We began by linking the essay to the tradition of the short narrative tale, much in vogue at the time when Montaigne initiated his Essais. Newness, either renewing old material or recounting recent events is at the heart of the Renaissance fascination with the nouvelle. And yet, the novelty of Montaigne’s Essais exceeds not only his models but the Renaissance passion for innovation.
Service Innovation: Taking Stock of Existing Literature

Most agree that innovation is crucial for enhancing competitive advantage. Further, Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) literature highlights the role of service in enhancing competitive advantage through value co-creation. Finally, most agree that services for a major part of most developed economies. Taken together, the topic of service innovation is critical, especially given the increasing prominence of service in most developed economies. While a lot of work has been done in this area, the literature on service innovation is somewhat scattered. This study attempts to integrate the existing literature and proposes a conceptual strategic framework highlighting the relationships between different domains of service innovation. In doing so, we also identify the gaps in the literature and suggest possible avenues for research. The proposed framework consists of three categories of antecedents that have been examined in the literature—internal to the firm, external to the firm, and interface dimensions. In addition, researchers have examined the outcomes of service innovation—the effect of service innovation on the process or the operations of service creation, nonfinancial outcomes, and financial outcomes. A key gap in the literature is the most studies have relied on product-based innovation studies to classify service innovation. We hope that study provides an impetus for more efforts in this area.
Audiologic and otologic phenotype in children with Duane's Retraction Syndrome: A rare ophthalmologic disorder.

Abstract Objective The focus of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, type, and severity of hearing impairment in patients with Duane's Retraction Syndrome and to relate these measures to patient demographics and other otologic and audiologic factors. Study design Retrospective AudGen Database analysis Setting Tertiary academic referral center Patients Pediatric patients in AudGenDB with a diagnosis of Duane's Retraction Syndrome (DRS). Interventions Appropriate audiologic, otologic, and demographic data were recorded. Main outcome measure Seventy-nine patients (n = 79) met inclusion criteria. The first encounter with available audiometric data or the first encounter with hearing loss were documented. Audiograms were stratified by type and severity of hearing loss, and common associated medical issues were documented. Results 57 children had normal hearing; 22 had hearing loss. 9 ears had pure conductive hearing loss, 1 had pure sensorineural, 14 ears had components of both, and 79 had hearing loss that could not be specified. Multivariate regression revealed episodes of chronic otitis and craniofacial anomalies are associated with worse hearing loss. Conclusion This study presents a detailed characterization of hearing loss in patients with Duane's retraction syndrome. Conductive and sensorineural hearing loss are both prevalent among these children. Careful and early audiologic evaluation of all patients with DRS is important.
Influencia del género en la presentación clínica y enfermedades asociadas en adultos con enfermedad celíaca (EC).

espanolIntroduccion: La EC se diagnostica mas frecuentemente en mujeres. Objetivos: El objetivo fue investigar la influencia del genero en: 1) la edad al diagnostico, 2) la presentacion clinica y 3) la prevalencia de enfermedades asociadas. Metodos: La informacion clinica fue extraida del expediente medico electronico en adultos con EC confirmada con biopsia intestinal. Resultados: La cohorte consistio en 385 enfermos (mujeres, 71%). Las mujeres fueron diagnosticadas a una edad mas temprana (mujeres, 46.1 anos; hombres, 52.6 anos; p = 0.001). La prevalencia de los siguientes sintomas fue mas alta en las mujeres: nauseas/vomitos (mujeres, 31%; hombres, 16%; p = 0.001), constipacion (mujeres, 21%; hombres, 10%; p = 0.007) y malestar general/fatiga (mujeres, 43%; hombres, 33%; p = 0.06). Heces con grasa fueron reportadas mas frecuentemente en hombres (mujeres, 11%; hombres, 22%; p = 0.006). Enfermedades autoinmunes asociadas fueron mas frecuentes en mujeres (mujeres, 37%; hombres, 23%; p = 0.006). La depresion, la osteoporosis y la fibromialgia tambien predominaron en mujeres. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugieren que hay diferencias de genero clinicamente relevantes en adultos con EC que deben tomarse en cuenta al tratar al enfermo celiaco. EnglishIntroduction: Celiac disease is diagnosed predominantly in women. Objectives: We investigated the influence of gender on (i) age at diagnosis, (ii) clinical manifestations, and (iii) prevalence of associated disorders. Methods: Clinical data were abstracted from the medical record of adults with biopsy-proven celiac disease. Results: The cohort consisted of 385 patients (women, 71%). Women were diagnosed at a younger age (women, 46.1 years; men, 52.6 years; p = 0.001). The prevalence of the following symptoms was higher in women: nausea/vomiting (women, 31%; men, 16%; p = 0.001), constipation (women, 21%; men, 10%; p = 0.007), and malaise/fatigue (women, 43%; men, 33%; p = 0.06). Greasy stools were more prevalent in men (women, 11%; men, 22%; p = 0.006). Autoimmune diseases were observed in 127 (33%) patients with a female to male ratio of 1.6 (women, 37%; men, 23%; p = 0.006). Depression, osteoporosis, and fibromyalgia predominated in women. Conclusions: Our findings suggest clinically relevant gender-related differences in celiac disease. These gender differences should be taken into account when managing adult patients with celiac disease. (Gac Med Mex. 2016;152:38-46) Corresponding author: Alberto Rubio-Tapia, rubiotapia.alberto@mayo.edu
Using Partial Tablebases in Breakthrough

In the game of Breakthrough the endgame is reached when there are still many pieces on the board. This means there are too many possible positions to be able to construct a reasonable endgame tablebase on the standard 8 \(\times \) 8 board, or even on a 6 \(\times \) 6 board. The fact that Breakthrough pieces only move forward allows us to create partial tablebases on the last n rows of each side of the board. We show how doing this enables us to create a much stronger MCTS based 6 \(\times \) 6 player and allows us to solve positions that would otherwise be out of reach.
Crossing the Threshold: Disability and Modernist Housing

In this chapter, three innovative houses of the early twentieth century are used to explore concepts of threshold as they relate to disability. These houses, all designed by leading architects of the time—the Darwin D. Martin House (Frank Lloyd Wright, 1904, Buffalo, NY, USA), the Villa Savoye (Le Corbusier, 1931, Poissy, France), and the Rietveld-Schroder House (Gerrit Rietveld, 1924, Utrecht, Netherlands)—reveal how innovative approaches to the design of threshold spaces can open opportunities for physical, sensory, and psychological support and freedom. Each house erases traditional boundaries and offers new paradigms of architectural design that promote social integration.
A Modular Folded Laminate Robot Capable of Multi Modal Locomotion

This paper describes fundamental principles for two-dimensional pattern design of folded robots, specifically mobile robots consisting of closed-loop kinematic linkage mechanisms. Three fundamental methods for designing closed-chain folded four-bar linkages – the basic building block of these devices – are introduced. Modular connection strategies are also introduced as a method to overcome the challenges of designing assemblies of linkages from a two-dimensional sheet. The result is a design process that explores the tradeoffs between the complexity of linkage fabrication and also allows the designer combine multiple functions or modes of locomotion. A redesigned modular robot capable of multi-modal locomotion and grasping is presented to embody these design principles.
Deep Capillary Macular Perfusion Indices Obtained with OCT Angiography Correlate with Degree of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

PurposeTo evaluate the integrity of macular and temporomacular vasculature in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with noninvasive optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and corre...
Coping mediates the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder among out-patient clients in Project MATCH when dependence severity is high.

Background and aims There is inconsistent evidence that alcohol-specific coping is a mechanism of change in cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Our primary aim was to test whether baseline dependence severity moderates the mediational effect of CBT on drinking outcomes via coping. Design Secondary data analysis of Project MATCH [1], a multi-site alcohol treatment trial in which participants, recruited in out-patient and aftercare arms, were randomized to three treatments: CBT, motivational enhancement therapy (MET) and Twelve-Step facilitation (TSF). Setting Nine research sites in the United States. Participants A total of 1063 adults with AUD. Measurements The primary outcomes were percentage days abstinent and percentage heavy drinking days at the 1-year follow-up. Coping was assessed with the Processes of Change Questionnaire [2]. Dependence severity was measured with the Alcohol Dependence Scale [3]. Findings Among the full available sample (across treatment arms), there were no significant moderated mediation effects. Double moderated mediation analyses indicated that several moderated mediation effects were moderated by treatment arm (all P < 0.05). In the out-patient arm, there were several significant moderated mediation effects (all P < 0.05), but no significant moderated mediation effects in the aftercare arm. For out-patient clients with high baseline dependence severity, end-of-treatment coping mediated the positive treatment effects of CBT, compared with both MET and TSF, on 1-year drinking outcomes (all P < 0.05). Coping did not mediate treatment effects of CBT among those with low or moderate dependence severity. Conclusions In the Project MATCH out-patient sample, whether or not coping mediated the effects of cognitive–behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder was conditional on dependence severity. End-of-treatment coping mediated the positive treatment effects of cognitive–behavioral therapy on 1-year drinking outcomes among out-patient clients when dependence severity was high, but not when dependence severity was low or moderate.
Abstract W P93: MiR-122 Improves Stroke Outcomes after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats

MicroRNA (miRNA) are recently discovered small (~22 nucleotides), non-coding RNA that regulate translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) to protein. Though there are only hundreds of miRNAs, each of them can potentially regulate hundreds of target genes, via base-pairing with complementary sequences in mRNA. This provides one approach that targets a single miRNA to have effects on multiple genes. Our previous genomic studies have demonstrated that miR-122 decreased significantly in blood of experimental strokes produced by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in rats as well as in blood of patients with ischemic strokes. Therefore, we hypothesized that elevating blood miR-122 has the potential for treating stroke. Using the newly developed in vivo polyethylene glycol-liposome based miRNA transfection system and rat suture MCAO occlusion model, we show that injection of chemically modified mimic miR-122 (600ug/rat, i.v.) through tail vein immediately after MCAO occlusion significantly decreases the neurological impairment and significantly attenuates brain infarct volumes. Ongoing studies are identifying the target genes that are associated with the neuroprotective effects of miR-122 following stroke. Acknowledgements: This study was supported by NIH grant R01NS066845 (FRS). There were no conflicts of interest.
Integration von Bezahlkarten, Coupons und Loyalty Cards in Applikationen

Die GfK erforscht seit Jahren in qualitativen Studien die User Experience beim Einsatz von Smartphones zum Bezahlen am Point of Sale (POS). Es wurden Wireframes, Prototypen und fertige Apps mit (potenziellen) Nutzern getestet, sowohl vor Ort im Geschaft, mit Testaufbauten im Labor oder per Online‑/Telefonbefragungen, stets mit dem Zweck, konkrete Optimierungspotenziale fur die jeweilige App aufzudecken. Aus zahlreichen Gesprachen mit Nutzern konnte ein generelles mentales Modell fur die Interaktion mit dem Smartphone am POS ermittelt werden, basierend auf den drei Aspekten „Sicherheit“, „Kontrolle“ und „Komfort“. Der Artikel erlautert das mentale Modell und welche Schlusse daraus fur die Integration von Bezahlkarten in Apps, aber auch fur Coupons und Kundenkarten (Loyalty Cards) zu ziehen sind.
Topographic filtering simulation model for sediment source apportionment

Abstract We propose a Topographic Filtering simulation model (Topofilter) that can be used to identify those locations that are likely to contribute most of the sediment load delivered from a watershed. The reduced complexity model links spatially distributed estimates of annual soil erosion, high-resolution topography, and observed sediment loading to determine the distribution of sediment delivery ratio across a watershed. The model uses two simple two-parameter topographic transfer functions based on the distance and change in elevation from upland sources to the nearest stream channel and then down the stream network. The approach does not attempt to find a single best-calibrated solution of sediment delivery, but uses a model conditioning approach to develop a large number of possible solutions. For each model run, locations that contribute to 90% of the sediment loading are identified and those locations that appear in this set in most of the 10,000 model runs are identified as the sources that are most likely to contribute to most of the sediment delivered to the watershed outlet. Because the underlying model is quite simple and strongly anchored by reliable information on soil erosion, topography, and sediment load, we believe that the ensemble of simulation outputs provides a useful basis for identifying the dominant sediment sources in the watershed.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Antagonism Reveals a Gut/Lung Axis That Amplifies Regulatory T Cells in a Pulmonary Fungal Infection

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists are popular therapies for inflammatory diseases. These agents enhance the numbers and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are important in controlling inflammatory diseases. However, elevated Treg levels increase susceptibility to infections, including histoplasmosis. We determined the mechanism by which Tregs expand in TNF-neutralized mice infected with Histoplasma capsulatum Lung CD11c+ CD11b+ dendritic cells (DCs), but not alveolar macrophages, from H. capsulatum-infected mice treated with anti-TNF induced a higher percentage of Tregs than control DCs in vitro CD11b+ CD103+ DCs, understood to be unique to the intestines, were augmented in lungs with anti-TNF treatment. In the absence of this subset, DCs from anti-TNF-treated mice failed to amplify Tregs in vitro CD11b+ CD103+ DCs from TNF-neutralized mice displayed higher retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) gene expression, and CD11b+ CD103+ RALDH+ DCs exhibited greater enzyme activity. To determine if CD11b+ CD103+ DCs migrated from gut to lung, fluorescent beads were delivered to the gut via oral gavage, and the lungs were assessed for bead-containing DCs. Anti-TNF induced migration of CD11b+ CD103+ DCs from the gut to the lung that enhanced the generation of Tregs in H. capsulatum-infected mice. Therefore, TNF neutralization promotes susceptibility to pulmonary H. capsulatum infection by promoting a gut/lung migration of DCs that enhances Tregs.
Limitations and Prospects of Internal Advocacy

Impediments are examined and suggestions are made regarding conditions necessary to initiate and sustain organizational intervention by practitioners
Electronic Structure of Magic Metal Clusters and Cluster Assemblies

Compound metal clusters consisting of one or more elements could be designed to enhance their stability as well as to mimic the properties of elements in the periodic table. It is feasible to assemble these clusters into crystals with novel properties. The possibility of synthesizing cluster assembled materials with tailored properties provides a new dimension to materials science. We review some of the basic physics behind the design of stable clusters and discuss the electronic structure of crystals of such clusters.
Prevention of organochlorine-induced inhibition of gap junctional communication by chaetoglobosin K in astrocytes

Innumerable toxic substances present in the environment inhibit gap junctions, intercellular membrane channels that play fundamental roles in coordinated function of cells and tissues. Included are persistent organochlorine compounds, which pose health risks to humans and animals owing to their widespread use, bioaccumulation, and ability to inhibit gap junction channel-mediated intercellular communication in liver, lung, skin, heart, and brain cells. In this study, the organochlorine xenobiotics dieldrin and endosulfan, at micromolar concentrations, were found to inhibit gap junction-mediated intercellular communication and induce hypophosphorylation of connexin 43 in cultured rat astrocytes, the predominant cell type in the brain coupled through gap junctions. This inhibition of gap junctional communication was substantially reduced by preincubation with chaetoglobosin K (ChK), a bioactive natural produce previously shown to have ras tumor suppressor activity. Chaetoglobosin K also prevented dieldrin and endosulfan-induced hypophosphorylation of connexin 43 and prevented dieldrin-induced connexin 43 plaque dissolution in both astrocytes and cultured liver epithelial cells. The results suggest that stabilization of the native, phosphorylated form of connexin 43 by ChK may contribute to its ability to prevent organochlorine-induced inhibition of gap junction-mediated communication and dissolution of gap junction plaques within the plasma membrane.
Pulmonary Cavitary Disease Secondary to Mycobacterium xenopi Complicated by Respiratory Failure

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a significant cause of pulmonary infection worldwide and can be clinically challenging. Mycobacterium xenopi (M. xenopi) has low pathogenicity and usually requires either host immune impairment, as in the case of a human immunodeficiency virus infection, or a structural lung disease to cause a clinical disease. Comorbidities have an essential role in M. xenopi occurrence. Herein, we present a rare case of pulmonary cavitary disease caused by M. xenopi complicated by respiratory failure and superinfection in a patient with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An 81-year-old woman presented to the hospital with the chief concerns of shortness of breath and productive cough lasting a few weeks before presentation. A computed tomography scan of the chest showed a right upper lobe, thick-walled, cavitary lesion measuring 2.1 cm x 4.3 cm x 3.1 cm with associated bronchiectasis and pleural parenchymal scarring. One year ago, the patient underwent bronchoscopy for a right upper lobe cavitary lesion, which revealed M. xenopi on bronchoalveolar lavage culture. During the current admission, she was started on rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and clarithromycin because the M. xenopi was clinically significant and fulfilled the American Thoracic Society diagnostic criteria for NTM lung disease. A diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease does not necessarily suggest that treatment is required. The distinction between colonization and illness may be difficult upon the isolation of M. xenopi. A patient-centered approach is essential given that M. xenopi is often considered a commensal pathogen. When treatment is required, a multidrug approach with an individualized, optimal duration of therapy should be considered.
Satellite-based tree cover mapping for forest conservation in the drylands of Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) : Application to Burkina Faso gazetted forests

Abstract While monitoring the effectiveness of forest conservation programs requires accurate data on (changes in) forest cover, many countries still lack the ability to map local forest inventory, especially in the drylands of Africa where forest areas are very sparsely covered. In this paper, we present a high resolution tree cover estimation of twelve gazetted forests in Burkina Faso using Random Forest-based supervised classification and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery sensed between March and April 2016. The methodology relies on ground truth sample points labeled manually over 10-m resolution images displaying a composite of near infrared (NIR), red and green bands extracted from Sentinel-2 multi-spectral satellite data to estimate tree cover with an average balanced accuracy rate of 80 percent. The output is a collection of rasters with binary values representing the combination of 10, and down-sampled 20 and 60-m bands indicating an estimate of the existence of trees or lack thereof, usable as a baseline for deforestation monitoring.
Inpatient and Emergency Room Ophthalmology Consultations at a Tertiary Care Center.

Background. An ophthalmology consultation service is of significant benefit to patients in the hospital and is an instructive component of a residency education program. Ophthalmology consultations in a hospital present unique challenges to those seen in an outpatient clinic, for which the consulting ophthalmologist should be prepared. The purpose of this study was to profile the emergency room and inpatient ophthalmology consultations seen at an academic institution. Methods. A prospective study of 581 patients was conducted on inpatient and emergency room ophthalmology consultations at the University of Illinois at Chicago over twelve months. Characteristics such as the consulting service, type of and reason for consultation, subspecialty staffing service, diagnosis, and suitability for in-hospital evaluation were recorded. Results. Consultations were received from either inpatient wards (59.4%) or the Emergency Department (40.6%). The most common inpatient consulting services were internal medicine (22%), followed by neurosurgery (16%) and neurology (7%). All the consultations were categorized as acute (72.3%), chronic (6.0%), or screening (21.7%). Consultations categorized as screening included papilledema (31.0%), fungemia (20.6%), syndromic evaluation (19.8%), visual field evaluation (17.5%), and miscellaneous evaluation (11.1%). We classified the ophthalmic diagnoses into 63 unique diagnoses. Amongst the ophthalmic subspecialties, neuro-ophthalmologic diagnoses were the most common (32.0%), followed by retina (20.1%) and cornea (19.4%). Neuro-ophthalmology had the highest proportion of screening consultations (36.6%), while glaucoma had the least overall number of consultations (10.1%), and the least proportion of screening consultations (3.6%). A significant proportion of nonacute consultations (19.0%) was deemed to be more suitable for outpatient evaluation. Discussion. Consultation databases can be useful in preparing trainees for in-hospital clinical care. A wide range of ocular pathologies may present to the ophthalmology consultant, from acute trauma to screening for systemic syndromes. Some consultations may be more suitable for outpatient evaluation which may help optimize patient care.