cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An integrated platform for the discovery and confirmation of protein urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer in a carcinogen induced rat model.

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA LB-294 Proteomics were employed to measure proteins expressed in the urines of female Fischer-344 rats. Urines were collected from rats bearing large (>200 mg) bladder tumors induced by 4-hydroxybutyl(butyl)nitrosamine and from non-carcinogen treated rats (n=10/group). Within the past 2 years, rapid acquisition, high-resolution mass spectrometry and associated statistical-based data analysis tools have become available. We have used a biomarker discovery-confirmation platform that consists of optimized, reproducible sample preparation methods for urinary proteins, robust nano-LC hybrid (linear quadrupole (LTQ) Fourier transform ion cyclotron or LTQ-orbitrap mass spectrometers) mass spectrometry, and a bioinformatics pipeline using vendor and novel software. Using a new sample preparation protocol, peptides were prepared from the urine samples. The peptide pools were analyzed using nano-LC-LTQ-FT-MS. The twenty LC-MS analyses were aligned and the integrated accurate mass signals were quantified using Rosetta ElucidatorTM software. Comparison of the urines from the normal and tumor bearing rats showed that 3,032 of 15,557 peptides changed by > 3-fold. To determine if candidate markers from previous cDNA micro-array (433 transcripts, > 3-fold) and proteomic (160 unique proteins, > 3-fold) experiments from similar tumors were present in these urines, our integrated data pipeline was used to perform in silico tryptic digestion of transcripts and proteins. Peptide mass fingerprinting was then performed using the accurate mass values (+/- 5 ppm) from the LC-MS analyses. The tentative protein identifications that were significantly increased in the urines of tumor-bearing rats were confirmed by targeted tandem mass spectrometry. It was found that annexins (1,2 and 7), S100 proteins (4, 6 and 11), calpactin, and galectin were increased at least 1000-fold. These urinary biomarkers should prove useful both in identifying tumor bearing animals and in determining the efficacy of preventive or therapeutic modalities.
Effectiveness of shot peening in suppressing fatigue cracking at non-metallic inclusions in Udimet® 720

Abstract The fatigue lives of modern powder metallurgy disk alloys can be reduced over an order of magnitude by cracking at inherent non-metallic inclusions. The objective of this work was to study the effectiveness of shot peening in suppressing LCF crack initiation and growth at surface non-metallic inclusions. Inclusions were carefully introduced at elevated levels during powder metallurgy processing of the nickel-base disk superalloy Udimet ® 720. Multiple strain-controlled fatigue tests were then performed on machined specimens with and without shot peened test sections at 427 and 650 °C. The low cycle fatigue lives and failure initiation sites varied as functions of inclusion content, shot peening, and fatigue conditions. A large majority of the failures in as-machined specimens with the introduced inclusions occurred at cracks initiating from inclusions intersecting the specimen surface. These inclusions reduced fatigue life by up to 100×, when compared to lives of material without inclusions residing at specimen surface. Large inclusions produced the greatest reductions in life for tests at low strain ranges and high strain ratios. Shot peening improved life in many cases by reducing the most severe effects of inclusions.
Doin’ Meth or Doin’ Math: What Client Constructions of Social Class Mean for Social Work Practice

ABSTRACTThe voices of people experiencing poverty are underrepresented in social work research, public policy development, and practice interventions. This study explored the social class attributions of clients receiving poverty-related services through qualitative interviews. Findings reveal dynamic contributions of individual, environmental, and structural factors of social class positioning and significant stress and stigmatization associated with experiencing economic hardship. Participants indicate a sense of lived contradiction, viewing social class to be the result of fate while simultaneously endorsing individualistic attributions of poverty. Results have implications for social work research and practice, as well as poverty-related policy and program development.
Animals in Research

A short review of the history of US animal welfare legislation and discussion of the views of animal liberationists, who want to abolish (most) biomedical research using animals, and reformist animal welfarists, who hold that a suitably reformed use of animals would make the use of animals in research ­ethically acceptable.
Behavioral Interventions Targeting Alcohol Use Among People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Alcohol use is often reported among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and is associated with increased sexual risk and poor medication adherence. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of behavioral interventions addressing alcohol use among PLWHA. Twenty-one studies (N = 8461 PLWHA) that evaluated an individual-level intervention addressing alcohol use alone or as part of a more comprehensive alcohol/HIV intervention, included a control condition, and were available through December 2016 were included. Independent raters coded study, sample, and intervention content. Weighted mean effect sizes, using random-effects models, were calculated. Results indicate that interventions reduced alcohol consumption, increased condom use, and improved medication adherence relative to controls (d +s = 0.10–0.24). Plasma viral load was also reduced in intervention versus control participants (d + = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.26; k = 7). These findings show that behavioral interventions addressing alcohol use can successfully reduce alcohol consumption and also improve HIV-related outcomes among PLWHA.
Stored Energy Measurements in Apollo 11 Lunar Samples by Differential Thermal Analysis

The moon, unprotected by an atmosphere, is constantly being hit by radiation from the sun and other parts of our galaxy. In general, irradiation produces a wide variety of effects in solids. When these solid-state irradiation effects are examined in lunar samples with a variety of coordinated techniques, one can attempt to unravel the radiation history of the moon.
Assessing the Potential Impacts of Innovative New Policy Proposals on Poverty in the United States

This article provides estimates of the potential anti-­poverty impacts of eight proposals presented in this double issue of RSF. Using the 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey and the Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Supplemental Poverty Measure, we first discuss the simulation approach taken for each proposal and then provide a consistent set of poverty estimates across proposals that include reductions in the poverty and deep poverty rates and the poverty gap; demographic differences; and net direct government costs. Anti-­poverty impacts are largest for the most costly proposals, but less costly and more targeted proposals still have substantial potential impacts for key subgroups.
Considerations for Developing Targeted Therapies in Low-Frequency Molecular Subsets of a Disease

Advances in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of disease have spurred the development of targeted therapies and the use of precision medicine approaches in patient care. While targeted therapies have improved our capability to provide effective treatments to patients, they also present additional challenges to drug development and benefit-risk assessment such as identifying the subset(s) of patients likely to respond to the drug, assessing heterogeneity in response across molecular subsets of a disease, and developing diagnostic tests to identify patients for treatment. These challenges are particularly difficult to address when targeted therapies are developed to treat diseases with multiple molecular subtypes that occur at low frequencies. To help address these challenges, the US Food and Drug Administration recently published a draft guidance entitled "Developing Targeted Therapies in Low-Frequency Molecular Subsets of a Disease." Here we provide additional information on specific aspects of targeted therapy development in diseases with low-frequency molecular subsets.
Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids (DI Water-Al2O3) in Micro-Channels

The convection performance of nanofluids in microchannels has received relatively little attention. This work reports convective heat transfer experiments of deionized water/Al2 O3 nanofluids using 200μm hydraulic diameter MEMs fabricated microchannel structures and a stainless steel tube with 250μm inside diameter. The tube wall is heated electrically producing a constant heat flux boundary condition and an infrared camera is used to measure the outside tube wall temperature. A full numerical conjugate analysis of the apparatus is used to infer the fluid thermal conductivity from the temperature measurements. The effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids increased only by 4% for 4% volume concentration nanofluids in the MEMs fabricated microchannel and 5% for 3% volume concentration in the stainless steel tube under laminar flow conditions. The effective viscosity of the nanofluids increased 12% for 2% volume concentration. A dynamic light scattering system was used to measure the effective particle diameter and particle size distributions of nanoparticles with various pH values and surfactants. The measured mean diameter of Al2 O3 nanoparticle is 170 nm, which is larger than the 40–50 nm nominal size.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
An Automated Asset Locating System (AALS) with Applications to Inventory Management

In this work, we present a proof-of-concept Automated Asset Locating System (AALS) for enhancing inventory management. AALS integrates LIDAR and RFID sensor measurements into a Rao-Blackwellized particle filter for simultaneously localizing its pose with the positions of assets in the environment. We present significant experimental results where the proof-of-concept system successfully traveled a total distance of 1.4 km autonomously,while detecting and mapping all 143 available assets in real-time, and with a mean position error of < 80 cm.
Denture Sore Mouth

Denture sore mouth is most often caused by improperly fitting dentures. Ulcers, stomatitis, hyperplasia, bone resorption, and chronic candidiasis may develop under improperly fitting dentures. If extensive bone resorption occurs, dental implants may be necessary. Malignant changes can develop.
The initial value problem for a class of nonlinear dispersive equations

We consider the initial value problem for a (generalized) equation which arises in the study of propagation of unidirectional nonlinear, dispersive waves. The aim is to study the local and global well-posedness of this problem in classical Sobolev spaces Hs. For the associated linear problem sharp local and global smoothing effects are proven. It is shown how to use these effects to establish well-posedness result for the nonlinear problem.
Results of the Mayo Lung Project: An Interim Report

Recognizing the enormous increase of lung cancer as a public health problem, the National Cancer Institute initiated three large clinical trials of screening in the 1970s at the Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins, and Memorial Sloan-Kettering. The only available tests for identifying presymptomatic lung cancer are roentgenography of the chest and sputum cytology. These tests were given different emphases in the three studies, with the Mayo Lung Project (MLP) seeking to evaluate the effects of repeating chest roentgenography and sputum tests at 4-month intervals in a high risk population as compared with a similar control population not systematically rescreened [2]. The Memorial and Hopkins studies include frequent sputum cytology, but only annual chest roentgenography. The 4-month interval in the MLP was selected because earlier studies had suggested equivocal benefit at 6-month intervals, and 4 months seemed the most frequent with which even health-conscious subjects might be expected to comply.
Direct Sum Cancellation over Noetherian Rings

Suppose X, Y and Z are modules over a commutative ring R and that X⊕Z ≅ Y⊕Z. This cancellation problem is to determine conditions under which one can conclude that X ≅ Y. There are many counterexamples, some interesting, some boring, involving modules that aren’t finitely generated. (For an example of the second sort, take X = 0, Y = R, Z = free module of infinite rank.) In this paper we will assume that all modules are finitely generated. Further, all rings are assumed to be commutative and Noetherian.
Valproate inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in beta cells

Valproate (VPA), an FDA approved anti-epileptic drug with a half-life of 12–18 h in humans, has been shown to perturb the vacuolar proton pump (vH+-ATPase) function in yeasts by inhibiting myo-inositol phosphate synthase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme in inositol biosynthesis, thereby resulting in inositol depletion. vH+-ATPase transfers protons (H+) across cell membranes, which help maintain pH gradients within cells necessary for various cellular functions including secretion. This proton pump has a membrane (V0) and a soluble cytosolic (V1) domain, with C-subunit associated with V1. In secretory cells such as neurons and insulin-secreting beta cells, vH+-ATPase acidifies vesicles essential for secretion. In this study, we demonstrate that exposure of insulin-secreting Min6 cells to a clinical dose of VPA results in inositol depletion and loss of co-localization of subunit C of vH+-ATPase with insulin-secreting granules. Consequently, a reduction of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is observed following VPA exposure. These results merit caution and the reassessment of the clinical use of VPA.
Comparison of recovery and immunochemical detection of peanut proteins from differentially roasted peanut flour using ELISA.

The effect of heat on extractability and immunoreactivity of proteins from roasted peanut flours and whole peanuts was evaluated using two general protein assays and six commercial peanut ELISA kits, respectively. The highest amount of protein was recovered from roasted peanuts with all ELISAs, while recovery showed a decrease with increasing levels of roasting of the peanut flours. Only the Morinaga kit showed sufficient sensitivity to detect peanut at low concentrations of the dark roast peanut flours. Both the protein and immunoassays indicated a decrease in protein solubility with roasting. The underestimation by immunoassays is a combination of decreased solubility and heat induced changes in the proteins that are being targeted by the ELISA antibodies. These findings suggest that most commercial ELISA kits may not reliably quantify peanut present in dark roast peanut flours at ≤25 ppm.
Implementation of pseudo-turbulence closures in an Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid model for non-isothermal gas–solid flow

Abstract The Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid model is widely used for computational fluid dynamics simulations of gas–solid flows. For non-isothermal flows, the averaged conservation equations solved in the two-fluid model require closures for drag, gas–solid heat transfer, pseudo-turbulent velocity fluctuations and the pseudo-turbulent heat flux (PTHF). However, the pseudo-turbulence terms are usually neglected in two-fluid simulations due to the lack of accurate correlations. With the increase in computational power, closures for these terms are now available from particle-resolved direct-numerical simulation (PR-DNS). Here, the PTHF closure as well as the heat-transfer closure (i.e., the Nusselt number) extracted from PR-DNS are implemented in the two-fluid thermal energy equation in OpenFOAM. The implementation is validated by comparing the simulation results with the PR-DNS data for the temperature profiles. Based on the analysis of the thermal energy budget, the PTHF can have a significant contribution and neglecting it can lead to large errors.
Integrated review of healthcare provider postnatal newborn care recommendations in Sub‐Saharan Africa

AIMS To (1) identify formal and informal healthcare provider knowledge and counselling on newborn care recommendations; (2) identify care guidelines used; and (3) determine healthcare provider training regarding recommendations. BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan Africa, many newborn deaths occur in the community between days two to 42 of life. INTRODUCTION Formal and informal healthcare providers, including nurses and community health workers, counsel newborn caregivers but little is known about their recommendations. METHODS Integrative review of studies conducted 2000-2018 after search of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and African healthcare journals. Study quality was assessed and findings synthesized. FINDINGS Twelve qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods studies (quality good to poor) from seven countries were included. Eleven reported on one to three recommendations; one study reported on eight recommendations. Knowledge or counselling on feeding, cord care, recognizing illness, referrals, informal treatment, home visits, immunizations, follow-up examinations, thermal care, low birthweight, and bed net usage were reported. Formal healthcare providers gave recommendations in only two studies. Four studies documented use of guidelines. Six studies reported on training. DISCUSSION Studies were primarily descriptive, limiting quality. Feeding and cord care recommendations were prioritized. Care guidelines were underutilized. Additional training on recommendations is needed. These findings regarding healthcare providers align with other regions with high neonatal mortality. CONCLUSION Research is needed to improve and sustain knowledge, counselling, and guideline usage among providers to address neonatal mortality. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING The unique role of nurses to promote newborn health appears under-researched. Nurse professionalization and specialization may contribute to sustained knowledge of and counselling on newborn recommendations. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH POLICY As countries adopt universal health care, policies that enable formal providers to encourage maternal-newborn engagement in newborn health promotion before transition to the community are needed. Collaboration between formal and informal providers may improve dissemination of recommendations and contribute to gains in newborn health.
Using Technology to Enhance PD Performance: A Comparative Case Study 3-D Scanning Technology Deployment

New computer technology is often seen as the key to the future of manufacturing. Much of the research on the benefits of technology has focused on automation in the factory and its effects on produ...
Mood for Food? What Factors Underlie the Influence of TV Content on Food Consumption

Does what you watch on television determine how much you eat? In our study reported in the September issue of JAMA: Internal Medicine1, 94 participants were randomly assigned to snack while watching different TV content. Those assigned to watch a fast-paced action movie (The Island) ate 65% more calories (354 vs. 215) than those assigned to watch a relatively slow-paced interview show (The Charlie Rose Show).1 The study contended that the pacing of shows - operationalized by camera cuts and sound fluctuations - helped drive food intake.
A Study on Dual Cycle Based on VCR-VAR System

Refrigeration system plays an important role in cooling/heating process in day-to-day life. Efficient and better design of a refrigeration system is useful for saving cost, energy and needful for the future application. The individual vapour compression refrigeration (VCR) and vapour absorption refrigeration (VAR) system have some drawbacks, so the research is carried out for dual cycle based on VCR-VAR system. NH3–LiNO3 VCR and VAR system in the single circuit allows more enhancements of efficiencies than individual VCR and VAR system-based cycles. The absorption cycles works with NH3–H2O system, and the vapour compression cycle works with NH3. The absorption cycles produces pure ammonia refrigerant, and the existing ammonia uses as a refrigerant for mechanical vapour compression plants.
Planned oocyte cryopreservation-10-15-year follow-up: return rates and cycle outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of planned oocyte cryopreservation patients most likely to have a final disposition. Design Retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent at least 1 cycle of planned oocyte cryopreservation between Jan 2005 and December 2009. Setting Large urban University-affiliated fertility center Patient(s) All patients who underwent ≥1 cycle of planned oocyte cryopreservation in the study period. Intervention(s) None Main Outcome Measure(s) Primary outcome was the disposition of oocytes at 10–15 years. Secondary outcomes included thaw/warming types, laboratory outcomes, and live birth rates. Outcomes and variables treated per patient. Result(s) A total of 231 patients with 280 cycles were included. The mean age at the first retrieval was 38.2 years (range 23–45). A total of 3,250 oocytes were retrieved, with an average of 10 metaphase II frozen/retrieval. To date, the oocytes of 88 patients (38.1%) have been thawed/warmed, 109 (47.2%) remain in storage, 27 (11.7%) have been discarded, and 7 (3.0%) have been transported elsewhere. The return rate (patients who thawed/warmed oocytes) was similar by Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology age group. The mean age of patients discarding oocytes was 47.4 years (range, 40–57). Of the 88 patients who thawed/warmed oocytes, the mean age at the time of thaw/warming was 43.9 years (range, 38–50) with a mean of 5.9 years frozen (range, 1–12). Nine patients (10.2%) thawed/warmed for secondary infertility. A total of 62.5% of patients created embryos with a partner, and 37.5% used donor sperm. On average, 14.3 oocytes were thawed/warmed per patient, with 74.2% survival (range, 0%–100%) and a mean fertilization rate of 68.8% of surviving oocytes. Of 88 patients, 39 (44.3%) planned a fresh embryo transfer (ET); 36 of 39 patients had at least 1 embryo for fresh ET, and 11 had a total of 14 infants. Forty-nine of 88 patients (55.7%) planned for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy, with a mean of 4.2 embryos biopsied (range, 0–14) and a euploidy rate of 28.9%. Of the 49 patients, 17 (34.7%) had all aneuploidy or no embryos biopsied. Twenty-four patients underwent a total of 36 single euploid ET with 18 live births from 16 patients. Notably, 8 PGT-A patients had a euploid embryo but no ET, affecting the future cumulative pregnancy rate. Overall, 80 patients with thaw/warming embryos had a final outcome. Of these, 20 had nothing for ET (arrested/aneuploid), and of the 60 who had ≥1 ET, 27 had a total of 32 infants, with a live birth rate of 33.8% (27/80). Conclusion(s) We report the final outcomes of patients most likely to have returned, which is useful for patient counseling: a utilization rate of 38.1% and a no-use rate of 58.9%, similar across age groups. Further studies with larger cohorts as well as epidemiologic comparisons to patients currently cryopreserving are needed.
Mechanosensitive smooth muscle cell phenotypic plasticity emerging from a null state and the balance between Rac and Rho

Reversible differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a critical role in vascular biology and disease. Changes in VSMC differentiation correlate with stiffness of the arterial extracellular matrix (ECM), but causal relationships remain unclear. We show that VSMC plasticity is mechanosensitive and that both the de-differentiated and differentiated fates are promoted by the same ECM stiffness. Differential equations developed to model this behavior predicted that a null VSMC state generates the dual fates in response to ECM stiffness. Direct measurements of cellular forces, proliferation, and contractile gene expression validated these predictions and showed that fate outcome is mediated by Rac-Rho homeostasis. Rac, through distinct effects on YAP and TAZ, is required for both fates. Rho drives the contractile state alone, so its level of activity, relative to Rac, drives phenotypic choice. Our results show how the cellular response to a single ECM stiffness generates bi-stability and VSMC plasticity.
Diabetes Mellitus Does Not Impact Achievement of a Minimum Clinically Important Difference Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been identified as a risk factor for poorer outcomes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). This study aims to evaluate the impact DM has on achievement of MCID (minimum clinically important difference) following ACDF. Methods A surgical database was reviewed for patients who underwent primary, single-level ACDF procedures with posterior instrumentation. Visual analog scales (VAS) Arm and Neck, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and 12-item Short Form (SF-12) scores for physical function (PF) were recorded. MCID achievement was calculated using pre-established values from the literature. Intergroup differences in demographic, perioperative characteristics, mean outcome scores and rates of MCID achievement were calculated. Results There were 43 patients with diabetes and 320 patients without diabetes. DM status was significantly associated with age, ethnicity, hypertension, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical classification score, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and insurance type (all P ≤ 0.041). Postoperative length of stay was significantly greater for the DM group (P = 0.011). Mean VAS Arm and NDI differed at 6 months (P ≤ 0.049, both) and PROMIS-PF differed from 6 weeks through 6 months (P ≤ 0.039, all). Patients without diabetes significantly improved in all PROMs by 1 year postoperatively (P Conclusions Although moderate intergroup differences in MCID achievement were demonstrated, the results of this study suggest that patients may realize similar benefits of ACDF surgery regardless of DM status.
Gender differences in primary mitral regurgitant volumes at specific regurgitant fractions as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

Guidelines suggest using a regurgitant fraction of 50% and regurgitant volume of 60 ml for determination of severe mitral insufficiency. Recent MRI data has suggested that a regurgitant fraction of 40% defines severe primary mitral insufficiency. We sought to determine whether there were gender differences in primary mitral regurgitant volumes for regurgitant fractions of 40% and 50%. A database search identified 394 patients that had MRI with a mitral regurgitant volume ≥ 10 ml or a study indication of mitral insufficiency. Chart review identified 97 patients with primary mitral insufficiency. Of these patients, 53 (54%) were women. Men had significantly larger left ventricular volumes, myocardial mass, stroke volumes and mitral regurgitant volumes (37 ± 25 ml vs. 24 ± 12 ml). The difference in regurgitant fraction between genders was not significant (27 ± 14% vs. 24 ± 11%; p-value = 0.24). Regurgitant fraction and regurgitant volume had a strong linear correlation in both men (r = .95) and women (r = .92). Despite similar linear correlations, the slope-intercept equations differed significantly between men and women (p < .001). A regurgitant fraction of 40% correlated with a regurgitant volume of 59 ml in men and 39.5 ml in women, while a regurgitant fraction of 50% correlated with a regurgitant volume of 76.2 ml in men and 49.6 ml in women. Regurgitant fraction, determined by cardiac MRI, provides a gender independent assessment of primary mitral insufficiency, and suggests that regurgitant volume thresholds for severe primary mitral insufficiency may be lower in women.
Novel point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) technique to modernize the JVP exam and rule out elevated right atrial pressures

Accurate assessment of the jugular venous pressure (JVP) and right atrial pressure (RAP) has relied on the same bedside examination method since 1930. While this technique provides a rough estimate of right sided pressures, it is limited by poor sensitivity and overall diagnostic inaccuracy. The internal jugular vein (IJV) is difficult to visualize in many patients and relies on an incorrect assumption that the right atrium lies 5 centimeters below the sternum. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) offers an alternative method for more precisely estimating JVP and RAP. We propose a novel method of measuring the right atrial depth (RAD) using a sonographic measurement of the depth of the posterior left ventricular outflow tract as a surrogate landmark to the center of the right atrium when viewed in the parasternal long axis view. This is combined with determination if JVD was present at the supraclavicular point. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of JVD at the supraclavicular point was 70%, 76%, 59%, 91% respectively. These values were confounded by the lack of standardization of zero reference landmarks (ZRLs) used during the right heart catheterizations. When the RAD measurement was adjusted to account for measurement error the sensitivity of JVD at supraclavicular point for elevated RAP improved to 90% with negative predictive value of 96%. This may offer a rapid and reliable method for ruling out elevated RAP and increase objectivity in our volume status assessment.
Slavery, philosophy, and American literature, 1830-1860

Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Absolute Poe 2. 'Lord, it's so hard to be good': affect and agency in Stowe 3. Taking care of the philosophy: Douglass's common sense 4. Melville and the state of war 5. Toward a transcendental politics: Emerson's second thoughts Epilogue: an unfinished and not unhappy ending Index.
Still a mixed bag: A study of first‐year composition students' internet citations at the University of Mississippi

Purpose – This study seeks to gauge student use of open internet sources for the purpose of refining instruction and information literacy pedagogy in the library.Design/methodology/approach – The authors obtained citations from seven spring 2009 freshman composition classes at the University of Mississippi. From this pool of roughly 230 students, 437 citations to the open web were isolated, examined, and coded for analysis.Findings – Examination of the individual web sites, their URLs, and relevant codes revealed heavy student use of online reference and how‐to materials, many of which were less than ideal as academic sources, but not openly inappropriate as such.Research limitations/implications – The citations were stripped of all personal information at the department's request; therefore the research does not and cannot comment on student topics and individual assignments. The findings suggest that University of Mississippi students may be able to identify and avoid low quality sources but struggle wi...
Infinite sequences with finite Cross-Correlation-II

Let A = {ak}k=1∞ be an infinite increasing sequence of positive integers. We define the infinite binary sequence Ā = {αj}j =1∞ to have αj = 1 if j ∈ A, αj = 0 if j ∉ A (including when j ≤ 0). If B = {bk}k=1∞ is also an infinite increasing sequence of positive integers with B = {βj}j =1∞, by the "cross-correlation of A and B" we will mean the un-normalized, infinite-domain cross-correlation of Ā and B, i.e. CAB(τ) = Σi=1∞ αiβi+τ for all τ ∈ Z. Our interest will be in identifying pairs of sequences A and B for which CAB(τ) is finite for all τ ∈ Z, and especially when CAB(τ) < K for some uniform bound K, for all τ ∈ Z. We will exhibit pairs of sequences A and B where CAB(τ) ≤ 1 for all τ ∈ Z. If B = P = {p1, p2, p3, ...} = {2, 3, 5, 7, ...} is the sequence of the prime numbers, we will exhibit sequences A such that CAB(τ) is finite for all τ ∈ Z, and question whether a sequence A exists such that CAB(τ) < K for some uniform bound K and all τ ∈ Z.
Detection and containment policy of moving source in 2D diffusion processes using sensor/actuator network

We address the problem of detecting a moving source in 2D diffusion-advection process, often describing environmental processes, by utilizing a network of sensing devices judiciously located within the 2D spatial domain. These devices are assumed to have actuating capabilities aimed at containing the moving source by minimizing its effects on the process concentration. In order to increase the source-detecting abilities of the sensor network, these devices measure spatial gradients as opposed to only process concentration. Additionally, the monitoring scheme estimates the process state and at the same time introduces a power management scheme, whereby a subset of the available sensors within the network are kept active over a time interval while the remaining devices are kept dormant. Thus the resulting hybrid infinite dimensional system switches both the actuator, deemed more suitable to contain the source over the duration of a given time interval, and its associated control signal. Additionally, it also switches the set of active sensors that are used by the scheme. Simulation studies utilizing at each time at most 16% of the total sensors and having either a single actuator or 16% of the total actuators used to minimize the effects of the moving source are presented.
2,2‐Difluorosuccinic Acid

2,2-Difluorosuccinic acid intermediate: 1,1,2-trichloro-2,3,3-trifluorocyclobutane intermediate: 1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluorocyclobutene product: 2,2-difluorosuccinic acid Keywords: annulation, carbocyclic-[4]; cyclization, cycloaddition; elimination, dehalogenation; oxidation, miscellaneous; fluorine-containing organic compounds, potential poisons; autoclaves and pressure reactors, stirred or rocking autoclaves for cycloaddition reactions
Applications of the Theory of Compensated Compactness

We shall discuss two applications of the method of compensated compactness. The first application is concerned with the zero dissipative limit and the zero dispersion limit for scalar conservation laws, the former corresponding to the Burgers equation $$ {\text{u}}_{\text{t}} + ({\text{u}}^2 /2)_{\text{x}} = \varepsilon {\text{u}}_{{\text{xx}}} $$ (1.1) and the latter to the Korteveg de Vries equation $$ {{\text{u}}_{\text{t}}}{ + (}{{\text{u}}^{{2}}}{/2}{{)}_{\text{x}}}{ = }\delta {{\text{u}}_{\text{xxx}}} $$ (1.2)
High power k-band microwave emission from an intense e-beam cyclotron Maser

Summary form only given, as follows. Results are presented for high power cyclotron masers driven by intense electron beam (400-800 W, 1-10 kA) generators with pulselengths of 0.4-1 ps. High power microwave emission has been generated in the K-band and in the X-band (-2 MW).
Spinal cord cavernoma resection using a fiber-optic CO2 laser.

Spinal cord cavernomas are rare, and progressive growth can lead to neurologic deterioration. Complete microsurgical resection using the OmniGuide® fiber-optic CO2 laser is safe, precise, and can prevent further neurological deterioration. We describe the process, risks, and benefits associated with this approach. Once the cavernoma is isolated, the CO2 laser enables the surgeon to incise and photocoagulate with the same instrument, increasing the accuracy and potentially reducing the procedure’s duration. The spinal cord and surrounding tissue are protected from the laser by cerebrospinal fluid and cottonoid pledges. The fiber-optic CO2 laser is safe and effective when resecting spinal cord cavernomas. Personal experience, coupled with recent literature, brings us to this conclusion.
ADAPTIVE VEHICLE MOTION ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION.

Accurate motion estimation and reliable maneuver prediction enable an automated car to react quickly and correctly to the rapid maneuvers of the other vehicles, and so allow safe and efficient navigation. In this paper, we present a car tracking system which provides motion estimation, maneuver prediction and detection of the tracked car. The three strategies employed - adaptive motion modeling, adaptive data sampling, and adaptive model switching probabilities - result in an adaptive interacting multiple model algorithm (AIMM). The experimental results on simulated and real data demonstrate that our tracking system is reliable, flexible, and robust. The adaptive tracking makes the system intelligent and useful in various autonomous driving tasks.
Lymphangioma of the large intestine: report of a case and review of the literature.

Seventeen cases of lymphangioma of the large intestine were found in the literature. One has been added. Review of various aspects of lymphangioma of the large intestine was undertaken in order to better appreciate the natural history of this lesion.
Teaching teachers within the folds of the passing-present

When I was a young child I loved to play teacher, and student, and school. I organized the living room with my pretend desk, set with papers and pens. A cardboard clock marked time that I routinely...
TPE and subambient behaviors of flexible PVC

An experimental investigation was undertaken on the thermoplastic elastomer and subambient behaviors of flexible PVC. From cyclic mechanical testing, it was determined that adequate TPE performance can be obtained, especially at low frequencies. Combined with rheology data, a model consistent with crystallite tie points was reaffirmed. The subambient impact toughness was found to be a sigmoidal function of temperature. Very encouraging agreements were obtained between impact toughness and prediction on dissipations based on dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
Flavor Evaluations of Florida Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice Blended from Concentrates Produced with Varying Extraction Yields

Flavor evaluations are presented for two samples of frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ). Each sample of 42°Brix commercial type FCOJ was prepared by blending concentrates of juices of four cultivars (27% Hamlin, 20% Pineapple, 50% Valencia and 3% Murcott). One sample was made only with concentrates from low yield juices of each cultivar and the other sample was made only from concentrates from high yield juices of the four cultivars. Both the samples were rated very good flavor when graded according to USDA standards for grades of FCOJ, but showed lower scores for high yield than for low yield juices. Results of six industry flavor panel evaluations are presented.
The Year in Cardiac Imaging

This article is the latest in the series of literature reviews that have appeared in the Journal . We have attempted to highlight important recent literature and new trends in single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging, cardiac positron emission tomography (
Generation Of Tissue Volume Imaging From Magnetic Resonance Scans

Volume reconstruction algorithms that provide a three-dimensional (3D) rendering of a tomographic study are now available but not directly applicable to magnetic resonance (MR) studies. The problem with images in such studies is that the gray ranges of tissues overlap. To overcome it, we have developed an interactive graphics editor (IGE) that allows its user to define subregions within the volume of MR images which comprises such a study. The editor performs a statistical analysis of the volume contained in each subregion. With this information the user can enhance individual subregions with such techniques as user-defined remapping of gray levels, the addition of color, the addition of transparency, and spatial filtering. The editor is implemented on a Pixar Image Computer which uses as a host a Sun 3/180 computer. It has been used by us to create from MR studies three-dimensional images of the brain and knee.
Ordered adsorption of ketones on Cu(6 4 3) revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy

Abstract Adsorption of three ketones, R-3-methyl-cyclohexanone, cyclohexanone, and 2-hexanone, on the chiral Cu(6 4 3) surface has been investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The measurements reveal that the clean Cu(6 4 3) surface is composed of a well-ordered and evenly spaced step and terrace structure. In addition, the measurements indicate a high mobility of Cu atoms along the steps of the surface held at room temperature. Upon adsorption at room temperature, all the three ketones form ordered structures on Cu(6 4 3) consisting of one molecule per terrace width with a spacing along the step direction commensurate with the ideal kink spacing. The ordered structures of cyclohexanone are consistent with the reconstruction of the Cu(6 4 3) to a surface composed of (11 7 5) (major) and (5 3 2) (minor) facets. This reconstruction comprises an effective reduction in terrace width while preserving the kinked step structure.
Implementation Research: A Critical Component of Realizing the Benefits of Comparative Effectiveness Research

Comparative effectiveness research (CER) holds the promise of improving patient-centered care and increasing value in the healthcare system. Achieving these goals, however, depends on effectively implementing the findings of CER. In this article, we draw on lessons from implementation research and our experience in the Veterans Administration (VA) healthcare system to offer recommendations about what is needed to support implementation of CER. There is no single strategy for successful implementation. Implementation efforts must take into account the nature of the evidence, the type of change being implemented, the clinical context in which the findings are being applied, and the specific barriers and facilitators to implementing new practices. The experience of the VA illustrates the importance of taking a systems approach that aligns numerous elements of the healthcare system--guidelines, decision support, performance measures, financial incentives, coverage and benefits policy, and health information technology--to support implementation:. We illustrate these principles with an example of implementing a new model of evidence-based depression care.
Feasibility of localizing ectopic testes by 131I-labeled luteinizing hormone scintigraphy

Abstract A new method for localizing ectopic testes preoperatively was investigated in rats. Twenty hours after administration of iodine-131 luteinizing hormone the position of normal descended testes was easily identified by scintigraphy. Clinically, this technique may offer a nonivasive and practical means of locating testes undetected by palpation. The complexity and hazards of the surgical intervention to follow would thus be greatly reduced.
Task selection by workers of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta

The effects of worker size, age, and crop fullness on the flow of food into the colony were assessed using video recording and playback. Regardless of the level of colony satiation, small workers seldom had full crops and were more involved in larval grooming than in food traffic. Large workers played little role in larval care, but tended to be recruited easily to a food source and to store food in their crops. Medium workers had crops ranging from empty to full because they alternated between ingesting from and donating food to other colony members. Medium workers were the most versatile, engaging competently in food recruitment, larval grooming, and larval feeding. They displayed considerable variation in the frequency at which they fed larvae: some fed a few larvae before switching to other tasks, others fed over a hundred larvae before switching. The persistence, or lack thereof, of a worker's feeding response suggests a flexibility unaccounted for by the fixed-threshold-response hypothesis. Worker coverage of the brood pile was a dynamic equilibrium process unaffected by worker size, age, or crop fullness, or by differences in the nutritional or hygienic states of larvae. In summary, it appeared that worker size and age offered coarse regulation of task selection by workers, whereas crop fullness, flexible response, and task switching fine-tuned task selection.
Compassion Fatigue in Pediatric Palliative Care Providers

The experience of compassion fatigue is an expected and common response to the professional task of routinely caring for children at the end of life. Symptoms of compassion fatigue often mimic trauma reactions. Implementing strategies that span personal, professional, and organizational domains can help protect health care providers from the damaging effects of compassion fatigue. Providing pediatric palliative care within a constructive and supportive team can help caregivers deal with the relational challenges of compassion fatigue. Finally, any consideration of the toll of providing pediatric palliative care must be balanced with a consideration of the parallel experience of compassion satisfaction.
Long-term stooling patterns in infants undergoing primary endorectal pull-through for Hirschsprung's disease

Primary endorectal pull-through (ERPT) has become an increasingly popular method of caring for neonates and young infants who have Hirschsprung's disease. This study evaluated the long-term stooling patterns and continence rates of patients who had a primary ERPT as a young infant. The records of 24 infants who underwent a primary ERPT for Hirschsprung's disease were reviewed. The patients' families (those patients over 3 years of age, n = 12) underwent a detailed interview that graded continence from 0 (poor) to 10 (normal). Mean age at ERPT was 15 +/- 17 days (range, 2 to 67). Mean follow-up was 1,036 +/- 614 days. Nine patients suffered from 20 episodes of enterocolitis. Stooling frequency declined rapidly in the first 6 months after the ERPT (r2 = 1.00) and more slowly after this time (r2 = 0.79). Continence was graded as normal (10) in one, good (6 to 9 points) in nine, and fair (1 to 5) in two patients, both of whom had total colonic disease. The authors conclude that a primary ERPT in the young infant who has Hirschsprung's disease can yield excellent results including normalization of stooling frequency and good to excellent levels of continence.
Perceived Fairness and Relationship Satisfaction During the Transition to Parenthood The Mediating Role of Spousal Support

The current study examined the influence of perceived fairness of household labor and childcare on relationship satisfaction among new parents. Emotional spousal support and negative spousal interactions were analyzed as potential mediators, using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from couples transitioning to parenthood (N = 92). At 9 months postpartum, mothers’ perceived fairness of household labor and childcare were related to their relationship satisfaction through emotional spousal support. Negative interactions mediated the association between mothers’ perceived fairness of childcare and relationship satisfaction, concurrently and longitudinally across the transition. For fathers, there was no evidence of mediation. However, spousal effects of fathers’ perceived fairness of childcare on mothers’ relationship satisfaction was found longitudinally. Overall, the results demonstrate the importance of emotional spousal support and negative spousal interactions when understanding the influence of new ...
Long-Range Correlations in Stationary Nonequilibrium Systems with Conservative Anisotropic Dynamics

We present results of computer studies of the spatial correlations in two nonequilibrium model systems. These are lattice gases on Z2 described by (apparently) non-Gibbsian probability measures which are stationary with respect to simple, anisotropic, particle-conserving stochastic dynamics. The translation-invariant pair correlation functions G(r) are found to decay like a quadrupole field, i.e. for r = (x,y), G(r) ~ (ax2 - by2)/r4, over a range of parameter values corresponding to "weak coupling" in the dynamics. This gives the strongest evidence to date of the generic nature of long-range correlations in conservative anisotropic nonequilibrium systems–in accord with some recent theoretical predictions. Some other properties of these models are also calculated. In particular it is found that, despite the slow decay of the correlations, the fluctuations in particle number look Gaussian.