cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An experimental study of hydrogen production by gasification of biomass in the presence of a CO2 sorbent

Abstract The paper presents a novel technique that enhances the hydrogen yield of conventional biomass steam gasification. This is done by integrating the gasification and absorption reactions. The method involves steam gasification of a carbonaceous fuel (biomass) in presence of a CO 2 sorbent. Experiments were conducted by gasifying pine bark in presence of calcium oxide. The gasification was carried out at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range 500 – 700 ∘ C . The hydrogen yield, total gas yield and carbon conversion efficiency increased by 48.6%, 62.2% and 83.5%, respectively, in the presence of sorbent at a gasification temperature of 600 ∘ C . This was attributed to the reforming of tars and hydrocarbons in the raw product gas in presence of calcium oxide. The CO and CH 4 concentrations in the product gas were lower while using the sorbent. The calcium oxide played the dual role of sorbent and catalyst.
Masturbation Frequency and Sexual Function Domains Are Associated With Serum Reproductive Hormone Levels Across the Menopausal Transition

Objective: To determine whether reproductive hormones are related to sexual function during the menopausal transition. Design: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) is a multiethnic cohort study of the menopausal transition located at seven US sites. At baseline, the 3302 community-based participants, aged 42–52, had an intact uterus and at least one ovary and were not using exogenous hormones. Participants self-identified as White, Black, Hispanic, Chinese, or Japanese. At baseline and at each of the 10 follow-up visits, sexual function was assessed by self-administered questionnaires, and blood was drawn to assay serum levels of T, estradiol, FSH, SHBG, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported frequency of masturbation, sexual desire, sexual arousal, orgasm, and pain during intercourse. Results: Masturbation, sexual desire, and arousal were positively associated with T. Masturbation, arousal, and orgasm were negatively associated with FSH. Associations were...
Adult Teacher Self-Improvement Through Evaluation By Students

Student groups on several campuses have procured student evalua tions of instructors and made these results available to other students for a fee. The charge against student ratings of this sort is...
Aerodynamic Viscous Effects on a New Space Shuttle Vehicle

Use of a sensitivity analysis of a performance index $ has shown that it may be difficult to determine aerodynamic coefficients accurately from experimental data because of the insensitivity of the solution to variations in these parameters. In addition, techniques which obtain coefficient values should be carefully evaluated to make certain that they do not use one insensitive parameter in the determination of another parameter. A perfect fit (<£ = 0) can never be achieved because of variation in the data from the assumed solution. These variations or errors come from data noise, modeling errors, and time-varying parameters. Experimental data should be obtained in regions of maximum coefficient sensitivity.
Maintenance of epithelial surface membrane lipid polarity: a role for differing phospholipid translocation rates.

Large differences in lipid composition of apical and basolateral membranes from epithelial cells exist. To determine the responsible mechanism(s), rat renal cortical brush border and basolateral membrane phospholipids were labeled using32P and either [3H]-glycerol or [2-3H] acetate for incorporation and degradation studies, respectively. Brush border and basolateral membrane fractions were isolated simultaneously from the same cortical homogenate. Different phospholipid classes were degraded at variable rates with phosphatidylcholine having the fastest decay rate. Decay rates for individual phospholipid classes were, however, similar in both brush border and basolateral membrane fractions. In phospholipid incorporation studies again, large variations existed between individual phospholipid classes with phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol showing the most rapid rates of incorporation. Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine showed extremely slow incorporation rates and did not enter into the isotopic decay phase for 48 hr. In contrast to degradation studies, however, the same phospholipid class labeled the two surface membrane domains at highly variable rates. The difference in these rates, with the exception of phosphatidylinositol, were identical to the differences in phospholipid compositions between the two membranes. For example, phosphatidylcholine was incorporated into the basolateral membrane 2.5 × faster than into the brush border membrane and its relative composition was 2.5 × greater in the basolateral membrane. The opposite was true for sphingomyelin. These results indicate incorporation and not degradation rates of individual phospholipids play a major role in regulating the differing phospholipid composition of brush border and basolateral membranes.
Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilities Measured in Poly(Paraphenylene Cumulene[3]) by the Z Scan Technique

Abstract Optical nonlinear susceptibilities were measured in Poly(paraphenylene cumulene[3]) (PPC) at 590nm and 1064nm. Both the real and imaginary parts of χ(3) were evaluated with the Z scan technique using closed and open apertures, respectively. Open aperture Z scans on PPC at 590nm displayed a negative Imχ(3), indicating saturation at this energy, as expected due to the close proximity to the absorption band edge. Due to accumulated long time effects, closed aperture scans gave erroneously high Reχ(3) values and second hyperpolarizabilities of -3.9×10−11esu and -4.67×10−28esu, respectively.1 The presence of a long time effect was verified by mechanically modulating the 1 kHz pulse train and observing radical changes in Reχ(3) while peak and average powers remained constant.
The development of a general Internet attitudes scale

The popularity of Internet use has generated a need for reliable and valid Internet attitude assessments. Current practices in the development and validation of Internet attitude scales have raised several methodological and practical issues. The purpose of this study was to develop general Internet attitudes measure as well as to explore the psychometric and methodological concerns surrounding the construct validity of existing Internet attitude scales. A three-study sequence was conducted that included the development and refinement of the Attitudes Towards the Internet Scale (ATIS), an investigation of differences between Internet and paper-and-pencil administrations, and differential item and person functioning. The ATIS demonstrated appropriate psychometric qualities and is suitable for general use. Suggestions for future researchers and practitioners interested in the assessment of Internet attitudes are provided.
Binding of calcium ion to lecithin film.

THE calcium ions in the membrane appear to be involved in some way with the unknown physico-chemical reactions which occur in the membrane and which may be responsible for the changes in the membrane permeability or the membrane potential of excitable tissues1,2. Inasmuch as the membrane is composed of lipoproteins which possess negative phosphoric sites of phospholipids, it is likely that the calcium ions are bound to these sites. The experiment recorded here, therefore, was projected to determine whether or not calcium ions could actually bind to phospholipids, and if so, whether the binding of calcium ions would be affected by monovalent cations or other substances.
A cell-based assay that targets methionine aminopeptidase in a physiologically relevant environment

Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is a promising target for the development of novel antibiotics. However, many potent inhibitors of the purified enzyme failed to show significant antibacterial activity. It is uncertain which divalent metal MetAP uses as its native cofactor in bacterial cells. Herein, we describe a cell-based assay that monitors the hydrolysis of a fluorogenic substrate by overexpressed MetAP in permeabilized Escherichia coli cells and its validation with a set of MetAP inhibitors. This cell-based assay is applicable to those cellular targets with poorly defined native cofactor, increasing the chances of identifying inhibitors that can inhibit the cellular target.
Survival and causes of mortality for pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) in Oregon and Nevada

Abstract Factors influencing the survival of pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) are poorly understood and have received minimal attention in previous studies. We investigated survival and causes of mortality of pygmy rabbits in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada. We trapped 298 rabbits on 4 sites and fitted each with radiotransmitters. We used known-fate models in program MARK to estimate survival rates of radiomarked pygmy rabbits from September 2005 to August 2006. The best model, based on Akaike's information criterion, indicated that survival rates varied among study sites, sexes, and with monthly interval in a parallel pattern [model S (area * sex + t)]. The estimated annual survival rate on the 4 study sites was notably low and varied from 0.003 (SE = 0.003) to 0.173 (SE = 0.066). Predation on radiomarked rabbits was high for both adult (88.6%) and juvenile (89.4%) rabbits. When the predator species could be determined, the most common predators of pygmy rabbits were coyotes (Canis ...
New therapeutic options in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Can cost-effectiveness analysis help in treatment decisions?

Objective:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of abiraterone, cabazitaxel, and enzalutamide compared to placebo for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Material and methods:A decision-tree model compared three treatment options for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients over 18 months from a societal perspective in 2012 USD. Chance nodes included baseline pain as a severity indicator, significant adverse effects (neutropenia, cardiac events, or seizures), and survival. Probabilities, survival rates, and health utilities were from clinical trials (COU-AA, TROPIC, and AFFIRM) and other published studies. Survival of enzalutamide was adjusted to match placebo groups across trials. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses, acceptability curves and net benefit calculations were performed.Results:Abiraterone was the most cost-effective of the treatments ($123.4 K/quality-adjusted life year) compared to placebo, enzalutamide was $437.6 K/quality-adjusted life year compared to ...
Tenure, tourism and timber in Quintana Roo, Mexico: Land tenure changes in forest Ejidos after agrarian reforms

We present and apply an analytical framework for understanding land tenure change in the wake of radical land policy modifications in Mexico’s communal tenure system. We posit that the changes in land tenure vary as a result of a complex interplay of drivers external and internal to the land tenure unit. Using interview and socio-economic data, we apply this framework to six ejidos in Quintana Roo, Mexico in order to understand the extent to which these ejidos have shifted towards private individual property as promoted in the 1992 amendment of Article 27 of the Mexican Constitution. In our case study ejidos, we conclude that external factors, including community forestry, tourism, and urbanization, have synergized with factors internal to the ejido, such as ethnicity, livelihood strategies, migration, and attitudes, leading to different trajectories in land tenure arrangements.
Cutting Edge: CD1d Deficiency Impairs Murine Host Defense Against the Spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi

CD1 molecules can present microbial lipid Ag to T cells, suggesting that they participate in host defense against pathogens. In this study, we examined the role of CD1d in resistance to infection with the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), an organism with proinflammatory lipid Ag. Bb infection of CD1d-deficient (CD1d−/−) mouse strains normally resistant to this pathogen resulted in arthritis. Pathology correlated with an increased prevalence of spirochete DNA in tissues and enhanced production of Bb-specific IgG, including IgG to Ag rapidly down-modulated on spirochetes in vivo. CD1d−/− mice exhibited high-titer Bb-specific IgG2a, an isotype commonly induced in disease-susceptible mice but not in the disease-resistant control mice in this study. These results show that CD1d deficiency impairs host resistance to a spirochete pathogen, and are the first example of a mutation that imparts Bb-resistant mice with the Ab and disease profile of a susceptible mouse strain.
Water use in a modified summer fallow system on semiarid northern Great Plains

Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the major crop on semiarid northern Great Plains of the USA. Attempts to introduce alternate crops have had limited success. Alternate fallow-spring wheat rotation is the most common cultural practice. Our objective was to investigate water use and water use efficiency and suitability of alternative crops in semiarid northern Great Plains agricultural environment. The study was on glacial till Williams loam (fine-loamy mixed, Typic Argiboroll) 11 km north of Culbertson, MT. Plots, replicated four times in randomized blocks, were 12 m × 15 m. Rotations were: (1) fallow, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L), winter wheat; (2) fallow, safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.), barley, winter wheat; (3) fallow, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.), annual legume/grain forage crop, spring wheat; (4) fallow, buckwheat, annual legume/grain forage crop, winter wheat; (5) fallow, spring wheat; (6) continuous spring wheat. Soil water to 1.8 m depth was determined near time of seeding and of harvest by neutron attenuation. The soil reached an upper drained limit of 0.20–0.25 m3 m−3 water in a 1.8 m profile, equating to no more than 450 m water. Safflower and sunflower used ca. 500 mm water, more water than any of the other crops used. The greatest growing season water use efficiency was captured by the annual forage crop. Except following safflower and sunflower, soil water every spring was near the upper drained limit. Deep rooted crops can have a place in rotations on the semiarid northern Great Plains. But one must be prepared for variable yields and potential reduced yields following deep rooted crops, and for an occasional crop failure. Crop and soil management for alternative crops differ from that of small grain management, requiring some adaptation of management practices.
An investigation of carbon-supported CuCl2/PdCl2 catalysts for diethyl carbonate synthesis

The synthesis of diethyl carbonate (DEC) by the oxidative carbonylation of ethanol was investigated using catalysts prepared by the dispersion of CuCl2 and PdCl2 on amorphous carbon promoted with KCl and NaOH. Catalysts were characterized extensively by XRD, XAFS, SEM and TEM with the aim of establishing their composition and structure after preparation, pretreatment, and use. It was observed that after preparation and pretreatment in He at 423 K copper is present almost exclusively as Cu(I), most likely in the form of [CuCl2] � anions, whereas palladium is present as large PdCl2 particles. Catalysts prepared exclusively with copper or palladium chloride are inactive for DEC synthesis, indicating that both components must be present together. Evidence from XANES and EXAFS suggests that the DEC synthesis may occur on [PdCl2� x][CuCl2]x species deposited on the surface of the PdCl2 particles. Asprepared catalysts exhibit an increase in DEC synthesis activity and selectivity with time on stream, but then reach a maximum activity and selectivity, followed by a slow decrease in DEC activity. The loss of DEC activity is accompanied by a loss in Cl from the catalyst and the appearance of paratacamite.
Site-Dependent 13C Chemical Shifts of CO Adsorbed on Pt Electrocatalysts

13C NMR and hydrogen-region cyclic voltammetry are used to parse the distribution of adsorbed CO on Pt electrocatalysts into two different types of sites. Trends in the NMR shift data show that 13CO adsorbed on so-called weakly bound H sites show larger Knight shifts as compared to 13CO adsorbed onto strongly bound H sites, and thus experience greater back-bonding from the Pt conduction band. These results are discussed in the context of local electron densities of states and the varying oxidation reactivities associated with these sites on the Pt surface.
Higher Order Dynamic Equations on Measure Chains: Wronskians, Disconjugacy, and Interpolating Families of Functions☆

This paper introduces generalized zeros and hence disconjugacy of nth order linear dynamic equations, which cover simultaneously as special cases (among others) both differential equations and difference equations. We also define Markov, Fekete, and Descartes interpolating systems of functions. The main result of this paper states that disconjugacy is equivalent to the existence of any of the above interpolating systems of solutions and that it is also equivalent to a certain factorization representation of the operator. The results in this paper unify the corresponding theories of disconjugacy for nth order linear ordinary differential equations and for nth order linear difference equations.
Glutamine: precursor or nitrogen donor for citrulline synthesis?

Although glutamine is considered the main precursor for citrulline synthesis, the current literature does not differentiate between the contribution of glutamine carbon skeleton vs. nonspecific nit...
The impact of racism on African American families: literature as social science

In The Impact of Racism on African American Families, Rosenblatt makes a compelling case for bridging the divide between the humanities and social sciences. Specifically, he explores how literature...
A case study of undergraduate engineering students' computational literacy and self-beliefs about computing in the context of authentic practices

Engineering students, as compared to computing-related majors, are not traditionally introduced to computing in the context of authentic learning experiences, i.e., real-world applications within their discipline. This paper identifies the impact of computation delivered by authentic learning experiences in the form of anchored instruction on students' self-beliefs and their capacity to leverage computation to acquire disciplinary concepts in subsequent computationally-based engineering coursework. This case study included 130 students with different programing preparation (authentic or traditional), who were exposed to computational learning modules. Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions is the conceptual framework that guided the evaluation of this investigation. Measures included student self-beliefs such as control and value appraisals, and their relationship with academic performance. Results suggest that programming preparation presented in an authentic engineering context provides an important foundation that goes beyond increasing students' control self-beliefs. This preparation seems to effectively enable students to leverage computational practices for the purpose of acquiring disciplinary concepts. Implications for teaching relate to the integration of computation sooner, more often and within a disciplinary context in the undergraduate engineering curriculum. Implications for learning relate to fostering engineering computational literacy guided by anchored instruction to support disciplinary problem solving. Students exposed an 'authentic' programming course, increased their control appraisals.Students exposed to the computational modules reported increased control appraisals.Most students increased their disciplinary knowledge when using the configuring approach.Students exposed the 'authentic' course benefitted from the programming and configuring approach.
Active Damage Localization in Anisotropic Materials Using Guided Waves

It is important to be able to accurately assess the health state of aerospace vehicles through the detection, location, and quantification of damage. Locating damage is especially difficult in anisotropic materials, as the guided wave velocity is a function of material orientation. The objective of this paper is damage detection and localization in composite materials. A methodology and framework is developed in which a time map is constructed for each actuator-sensor pair which establishes times of flight for each location on the sample. Differences in time between healthy and damaged sensor signals are then extracted and used to create a map of possible damage locations. These resulting solution maps are merged yielding a final damage position. Equations governing the behavior of the system are developed, data extraction is carried out, and several sensor schemes are evaluated. The framework is validated, and impact positions are calculated for two actuation frequencies. For the damage state, the previous state is taken as a baseline for damage time extraction from the sensor signals. The damage position is calculated within 9% when using both 50 kHz and 200 kHz actuation frequencies.
Reversible decrease in platelet retention by glass bead columns (adhesiveness) induced by disturbing the blood.

SummaryWhen human blood was drawn into a syringe containing heparin and pumped through a column of glass beads, over 90% of the platelets were retained. Platelet retention was markedly reduced if the blood was first disturbed by inversion in a tube, slow centrifugation and remixing, or rapid back-and-forth transfer between two plastic or glass syringes. Retention was restored within 1 hr after the last-named maneuver but could be reduced again by redisturbing the blood. The high platelet retention noted when blood inverted in a tube was passed through columns prepared in Bowie's laboratory indicates the marked effect of the plastic tubing and beads.
Toward Fully in Silico Melting Point Prediction Using Molecular Simulations.

Melting point is one of the most fundamental and practically important properties of a compound. Molecular simulation methods have been developed for the accurate computation of melting points. However, all of these methods need an experimental crystal structure as input, which means that such calculations are not really predictive since the melting point can be measured easily in experiments once a crystal structure is known. On the other hand, crystal structure prediction (CSP) has become an active field and significant progress has been made, although challenges still exist. One of the main challenges is the existence of many crystal structures (polymorphs) that are very close in energy. Thermal effects and kinetic factors make the situation even more complicated, such that it is still not trivial to predict experimental crystal structures. In this work, we exploit the fact that free energy differences are often small between crystal structures. We show that accurate melting point predictions can be ma...
An Improved Synthesis of 10β-Methyl-7α-isopropenyl-5β-hydroxy-3-decalone

Abstract An improved synthesis of the title compound using tetramethylammonium hydroxide as catalyst is described.
A Finite Element Method Approach to Modeling a Thermal-Electrical-Mechanical Coupled Field Contact

This paper presents a finite element method approach for modeling a thermal-electrical-mechanical coupled-field contact comprised of an elastic hemisphere and an elastic half space. The goal of this model is to develop a fundamental understanding of the behavior of a multi-physics contact with a particular interest in the contact area. The results from the model illustrate a clear difference in contact behavior between force control and displacement control in the presence of an applied electrical potential. It is shown that, while Hertzian contact theory can be used to accurately predict the behavior of the contact under force control, a new relationship must be established to accurately predict the behavior of the contact under displacement control. This relationship can be applied to RF MEMS switch contact bumps as well as macro scale electrical contacts.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Discriminating hand gesture motor imagery tasks using cortical current density estimation

Current EEG based brain computer interface (BCI) systems have achieved successful control in up to 3 dimensions; however the current paradigm may be unnatural for many rehabilitative and recreational applications. Therefore there is a great need to find motor imagination (MI) tasks that are realistic for output device control. In this paper we present our results on classifying hand gesture MI tasks, including right hand flexion, extension, supination and pronation using a novel EEG inverse imaging approach. By using both temporal and spatial specificity in the source domain we were able to separate MI tasks with up to 95% accuracy for binary classification of any two tasks compared to a maximum of only 79% in the sensor domain.
Alternatively spliced transcripts of the Drosophila tramtrack gene encode zinc finger proteins with distinct DNA binding specificities

A protein present in nuclear extracts of Drosophila embryos binds multiple sites in the promoter and genetically defined autoregulatory element of the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve). We reported here the isolation of a cDNA encoding this binding activity, the sequence of which identifies it as the 69 kDa zinc finger tramtrack (ttk) protein. As ttk was previously implicated in controlling the expression of another pair-rule gene, fushi tarazu (ftz), our findings suggest that ttk plays a role in the regulation of at least two developmentally important genes. An additional ttk-related cDNA clone was isolated which gives rise to an 88 kDa protein with an alternative set of zinc fingers having a DNA binding specificity distinct from that of the 69 kDa protein. Both proteins were shown to be encoded by the ttk gene through alternative splicing, providing the first example of the use of this mechanism to generate related proteins with distinct DNA binding specificities. Whole mount in situ hybridization analysis revealed different patterns of embryonic expression of the two ttk mRNA isoforms.
Emotion, gender, and gender typical identity in autobiographical memory

Gender differences in the emotional intensity and content of autobiographical memory (AM) are inconsistent across studies, and may be influenced as much by gender identity as by categorical gender. To explore this question, data were collected from 196 participants (age 18-40), split evenly between men and women. Participants narrated four memories, a neutral event, high point event, low point event, and self-defining memory, completed ratings of emotional intensity for each event, and completed four measures of gender typical identity. For self-reported emotional intensity, gender differences in AM were mediated by identification with stereotypical feminine gender norms. For narrative use of affect terms, both gender and gender typical identity predicted affective expression. The results confirm contextual models of gender identity (e.g., Diamond, 2012 . The desire disorder in research on sexual orientation in women: Contributions of dynamical systems theory. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, 73-83) and underscore the dynamic interplay between gender and gender identity in the emotional expression of autobiographical memories.
Primary investigation of mosquito population composition in Anhui province

Objective To identify the population composition, distribution and biology of mosquitoes in Anhui province as evidence for the development of control strategies against mosquito-borne diseases. Methods Mosquito were captured or collected by the man-hour or light trap methods. Results From August to September 2009, 2086 mosquitoes were captured, which belonged to 10 species, 5 subgenera, 4 genera and 2 subfamily. The dominant species was Culex tritaeniorhynchus (67.79%), and Cx. pipiens pallens (12.03%), Cx. bitaeniorhynchus (11.79%), Armigeres subalbatus (5.03%) and Anopheles sinensis (1.58%) were commonly seen in summer. The mosquito populations varied in different habitats. Conclusion The mosquito population composition was dependent on habitat type, breeding resources, climate and geographic factors. Hence, effective mosquito control strategies should be tailored to local mosquito population structures.
Analysis and Management of Accident for 220 kV Power Transformer

The 220 kV transformer accident is analyzed in theory,the cause of which is found by on-site inspection and returned disintegration. Transformer internal suspended discharge is caused by the production process failure and further damage is avoided. The experience for the safe operation and technical supervision of the 220 kV transformers is accumulated.
Food Poisoning in Wangcang County During 2004-2007

Objective To understand the situation and rule of food poisoning in Wangcang County.Method The food poisoning data from epidemiological investigation in Wangcang County during 2004-2007 were collected and analyzed by statistics.Results There were 17 episode food poisoning accidents in this period of which 151 people were infected,and 1 died.The mean number of accident for each year was 4 with 4-5 sufferers.The food poisoning accidents occured mainly in summer and autumn.Most accidents,accounted for 58.82%(10/17),were from families of countryside,and most cases accounted for 59.60%(90/151)were from collective cafeteria of lodging schools.Most sufferers caused by salmonella bacillus and virulent wild gill fungus.The preserved meat and eggs,wild gill fungus were the source for poisoning.Conclusion It is key to stress health inspection and surveillance at collective cafeteria of lodging school and the families of countryside to prevent food poisoning.
Direct determination of residues of poppy shell extracts in food by GC-MS

Objective To establish a method for the direct detection of poppy shell extracts( codeine,morphine,Tibane,papaverine and ethyl morphine) in food by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS). Methords Sample analytes were obtained with hydrolysis and dissolution from acidic solution( samples with more oil were added to ether first,after vibration with vortex to discard the ether phase). First taking 200 g sample( weighing with solid sample mixing homogenate) and added it to 50 ml centrifuge tube with Teflon cork. Adding 5 ml 0. 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution into the tube,with ultrasonic treatment for 30 min( samples with more oil were added to 10 ml ether,with vortex shock 2 min for abandoning ether phase).With sodium hydroxide solution to adjust p H test paper to neutral,and then to extract with acetonitrile in neutral solution,after centrifugation dehydrated to obtain the supernatant sample for analysis. Results The 5 kinds of component can be well separated,the minimum detection limit was among 0. 03 mg / L-0. 10 mg / L,the recovery was among 75. 3%-105. 6%,RSD was among 0. 8%-6. 7%. Conclusion Experimental results show the sensitivity,good reproducibility,high accuracy and precision,and can directly detect the poppy shell components in food and its derivatives,and can be also used for common detection and analysis.
The Novacor heart assist system: Development, testing and initial clinical evaluation

An electrically powered, implantable, permanent left ventricular assist system (LVAS) is at an advanced stage of development. A dual pusher-plate blood pump coupled to a spring-decoupled electromechanical drive is positioned preperitoneally in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen and connected to an intrathoracic volume compensator. A microprocessor-based electronic controller with rechargeable standby battery is implanted subcutaneously in the right subcostal region and provides power and extremely responsive control. Synchronous counter-pulsation is achieved without physiological sensors. Primary power from an externally worn battery pack, data communication, and programming are accomplished by transmission across the intact skin, utilizing a belt skin transformer.
Interval Finite Element Approach for Modal Analysis of Linear Elastic Structures Under Uncertainty

We present a new Interval Finite Element (IFEM) approach for modal analysis of linear elastic structures with uncertain geometric and material properties. Uncertain parameters are modeled as intervals. Guaranteed interval lower and upper bounds for natural frequencies and modal shapes are attained using a new decomposition strategy of the IFEM matrices that drastically reduces overestimation due to interval dependency. The associated interval generalized eigenvalue problem is solved efficiently by way of a new variant of the iterative enclosure method. Several numerical examples show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Self-views in social anxiety disorder: The impact of CBT versus MBSR

This study examines the impact of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) versus Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) versus Waitlist (WL) on self-views in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). One hundred eight unmedicated patients with SAD were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of CBGT, MBSR, or WL, and completed a self-referential encoding task (SRET) that assessed self-endorsement of positive and negative self-views pre- and post-treatment. At baseline, 40 healthy controls (HCs) also completed the SRET. At baseline, patients with SAD endorsed greater negative and lesser positive self-views than HCs. Compared to baseline, patients in both CBGT and MBSR decreased negative self-views and increased positive self-views. Improvement in self-views, specifically increases in positive (but not decreases in negative) self-views, predicted CBGT- and MBSR-related decreases in social anxiety symptoms. Enhancement of positive self-views may be a shared therapeutic process for both CBGT and MBSR for SAD.
High-Yield Synthesis and Optical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Porins

Carbon nanotube porins (CNTPs) are a convenient membrane-based model system for studying nanofluidic transport that replicates a number of key structural features of biological membrane channels. We present a generalized approach for CNTP synthesis using sonochemistry-assisted segmenting of carbon nanotubes. Prolonged tip sonication in the presence of lipid molecules debundles and fragments long carbon nanotube aggregates into stable and water-soluble individual CNTPs with lengths in the range 5–20 nm. We discuss the main parameters that determine the efficiency and the yield of this process, describe the optimized conditions for high-yield CNTP synthesis, and demonstrate that this methodology can be adapted for synthesis of CNTPs of different diameters. We also present the optical properties of CNTPs and show that a combination of Raman and UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy can be used to monitor the quality of the CNTP synthesis. Overall, CNTPs represent a versatile nanopore building block for creating higher-ord...
Integrating knowledge–based systems: a three–level framework

Knowledge–based systems have traditionally been developed separately. This paper outlines a three–level framework called an integrated knowledge management architecture to integrate their separate development. The paper explores the problems among organisational knowledge–based systems and proposes their integration from an organisational perspective. The ANSI/X3/SPARC database framework is utilised to develop the integrated knowledge management architecture. A prototype of the architecture is proposed with a sample knowledge base.
Alkali Ion Transport in Materials of the Beta Alumina Family

Although solid electrolytes have been used for many years in electrochemical cells for the determination of thermodynamic quantities, interest in this area has expanded greatly within the last two decades, due primarily to the stimulus provided by Carl Wagner and his associates [1–3]. Since that time, solid state electrochemical techniques have been used for the study of both the thermodynamic and transport properties of a number of materials and physical systems.
Four decades of open science

INSPIRE, the central information resource of the high-energy physics community, pioneered the open dissemination of scientific literature. It has been evolving to keep up with the new technologies and it is not slowing down.
Strategies for rapid parametric assessment of microstructure-sensitive fatigue for HCP polycrystals

Abstract Traditionally, crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) simulations have been used to capture the variability in the microstructure-scale response of polycrystalline metals. However, these types of simulations are computationally expensive and require significant resources. To explore the large space of microstructures (reflecting a variety of grain shape, size, and orientation distributions) within the practical constraints of computational resources, a more efficient strategy is required. The purpose of this work is to explore the viability of leveraging the recently established, high-throughput Materials Knowledge System (MKS) for fast evaluation of high cycle fatigue (HCF) performance of candidate microstructures. More specifically, we explore the feasibility of estimating the mesoscale strain fields in hexagonal close packed (HCP) α -titanium polycrystals during HCF loading conditions using the computationally low-cost MKS approach, and subsequently estimating the slip system activities via decoupled numerical integration of the relevant crystal plasticity (CP) constitutive relations. The computed slip activities are then used to arrive at extreme value distributions (EVDs) of fatigue indicator parameters (FIPs). As critical validation of this reduced-cost computational strategy, it is shown that the FIP distributions in the HCF regime estimated using this novel strategy are in reasonable agreement with those computed directly using the conventional CPFEM approach. Additionally, the computational advantages of the MKS and decoupled numerical integration approach over the traditional, computationally-expensive, CPFEM approach are presented and discussed.
A Matter of Control or Safety?: Examining Parental Use of Technical Monitoring Apps on Teens' Mobile Devices

Adoption rates of parental control applications ("apps") for teens' mobile devices are low, but little is known about the characteristics of parents (or teens) who use these apps. We conducted a web-based survey of 215 parents and their teens (ages 13-17) using two separate logistic regression models (parent and teen) to examine the factors that predicted parental use of technical monitoring apps on their teens' mobile devices. Both parent and teen models confirmed that low autonomy granting (e.g., authoritarian) parents were the most likely to use parental control apps. The teen model revealed additional nuance, indicating that teens who were victimized online and had peer problems were more likely to be monitored by their parents. Overall, increased parental control was associated with more (not fewer) online risks. We discuss the implications of these findings and provide design recommendations for mobile apps that promote online safety through engaged, instead of restrictive, parenting.
A Survey of Hypergraph Ramsey Problems

The classical hypergraph Ramsey number rk(s, n) is the minimum N such that for every red-blue coloring of the k-tuples of {1, …, N}, there are s integers such that every k-tuple among them is red, or n integers such that every k-tuple among them is blue. We survey a variety of problems and results in hypergraph Ramsey theory that have grown out of understanding the quantitative aspects of rk(s, n). Our focus is on recent developments and open problems.
Phase 3 Studies (SAMURAI, SPARTAN) of Lasmiditan Compared to Placebo for Acute Treatment of Migraine (S50.008)

Objective: Efficacy and safety findings from two pivotal Phase 3 studies of lasmiditan for acute treatment of migraine are reported here. Background: Lasmiditan is a novel centrally acting serotonin (5-HT 1F ) agonist that lacks vasoconstrictive activity. Design/Methods: SAMURAI (NCT02439320) and SPARTAN (NCT02605174) were Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Inclusion criteria included Migraine Disability Assessment Score ≥11 (moderate disability) and 3–8 migraine attacks per month. Patients were randomized to a first dose of treatment (SAMURAI, 1:1:1 ratio of lasmiditan 200/100 mg or placebo, SPARTAN, 1:1:1:1 ratio of lasmiditan 200/100/50 mg or placebo) which was taken within 4 hours of migraine onset (moderate severity or worse and not improving). For rescue or recurrence, patients took a randomly assigned second dose of the previously assigned lasmiditan dose or placebo. The primary and key secondary analyses compared the proportions of patients in the lasmiditan 200-mg group with the placebo group who were headache pain-free and who were most bothersome symptom (MBS)-free at 2 hours post-first dose, respectively. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were used to assess safety. Logistic regression was used for comparisons. Results: At 2 hours post-first dose, significantly greater proportions of patients (p Conclusions: The primary and key secondary endpoints were met and safety outcomes were consistent across the two Phase 3 studies. Study Supported by: CoLucid Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company and Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN Disclosure: Dr. Wietecha has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Eli Lilly and Company. Dr. Wietecha has received compensation for serving on the Board of Directors of Eli Lilly and Company. Dr. Kuca has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with CoLucid Pharmaceuticals, Inc./Eli Lilly and Company. Dr. Asafu-Adjei has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Eli Lilly and Company. Dr. Aurora has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Eli Lilly and Company.
Direct Electrochemical Observation of Single Platinum Cluster Electrocatalysis on Ultramicroelectrodes.

We demonstrate a method to electrodeposit and observe the electrocatalysis of small platinum clusters and nanoparticles (NPs) in real time as they form on an ultramicroelectrode (UME). Water droplets (rdrop ∼ 700 nm), stabilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were suspended in a solution of dichloromethane (DCM) and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate ([TBA][ClO4]), which was used to mitigate charge balance during droplet electrolysis. When droplets collided with an UME biased sufficiently negative to drive water reduction, large blips of current were observed. Droplets were synthesized with varying concentrations of H2PtCl6 (from 24.4 mM to 32 nM), which can be reduced to Pt0 at 0.8 V more positive than water reduction on a Au or C UME. The observation of current blips synthesized with mM amounts of H2PtCl6 indicated water droplets deliver H2PtCl6 to the electrode surface, where a cathodic potential caused Pt NPs to form. The formation of clusters was observed by biasing the electrode potential more negativ...
The Econo-Rhetorical Presidency and the U.S. Fiscal Situation

ABSTRACTThis essay expands James Aune’s theory of the econo-rhetorical presidency to analyze how presidents define the U.S. fiscal situation. By “fiscal situation,” I refer to any rhetorical representation of the federal government’s ability to create and spend money, levy and collect taxes, and issue debt. Through historical analysis of the “balanced budget” topos in presidential discourse, I find that Presidents Carter through Obama tended to define the U.S. fiscal situation in austere terms, with balanced budgets figured as deontological goods unto themselves. I conclude by advocating for increased critical engagement with economic theory, generally, and theories of the U.S. fiscal situation, specifically.
Speedup of RNA Pseudoknotted Secondary Structure Recurrence Computation with the Four-Russians Method

While secondary pseudoknotted structure prediction is computationally challenging, such structures appear to play biologically important roles in both cells and viral RNA [1]. Restricting the class of possible structures and then finding the optimal structure for that restricted class is a common method employed to deal with the computational complexity.
Stability Properties of Neural Networks

Lyapunov theory is a powerful tool for understanding the stability of neural networks. Once a measure of error is defined for the system, suitable Lyapunov functions can be described which then provide a rigorous characterization of network behavior across all of the possible set of states for the network for which the Lyapunov function is defined. In combination with probabilistic methods such as those of Schumann and Gupta [Schumann 2003], a high degree of reliability may be obtained for systems that integrate neural networks into their structure.
Catalysis of soluble hemoglobin oxidation by free iron on sickle red cell membranes

Abnormal deposition of hemichrome on the inner aspect of the sickle red cell membrane promotes premature cell demise. The steps proximate to hemichrome formation in these cells are poorly understood. To test the hypothesis that the pathologic deposits of free ferric iron located on the inner aspect of sickle cell membranes would be redox active and promote oxidation of soluble oxyhemoglobin, we incubated native versus iron-stripped sickle or normal ghost membranes with oxyhemoglobin S. We found that sickle membranes exerted an exaggerated effect on methemoglobin formation in solution, an effect completely accounted for by their abnormal content of free iron. This ability of sickle membranes to promote hemoglobin oxidation was not diminished by catalase or by presence of a high-affinity, iron-inactivating chelator that is unable to remove membrane iron. Examination of those membranes likewise revealed that their free iron content promoted deposition of additional heme-protein. These results establish that the potential redox couple formed by membrane-associated ferric iron and cytoplasmic oxyhemoglobin is promotive of hemoglobin oxidation and deposition of hemichrome on the membrane. This predicts that removal of pathologic membrane iron might help prevent the detrimental formation of methemoglobin and hemichrome in vivo, insofar as this is accelerated by transition metal.