cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Infects Cells of the Developing Hair Follicle after Neonatal Subcutaneous Inoculation in Mice

The nature of Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) infection after a subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation was studied. We have previously shown that an enhancer variant of M-MuLV, Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV, is poorly leukemogenic when used to inoculate mice s.c., but not when inoculated intraperitoneally. This attenuation of leukemogenesis correlated with an inability of Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV to establish infection in the bone marrow of mice at early times postinfection. These results suggested that a cell type(s) is infected in the skin by wild-type but not Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV after s.c. inoculation and that this infection is important for the delivery of infection to the bone marrow, as well as for efficient leukemogenesis. To determine the nature of the cell types infected by M-MuLV and Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV in the skin after a s.c. inoculation, immunohistochemistry with an anti-M-MuLV CA antibody was performed. Cells of developing hair follicles, specifically cells of the outer root sheath (ORS), were extensively infected by M-MuLV after s.c. inoculation. The Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV variant also infected cells of the ORS but the level of infection was lower. By Western blot analysis, the level of infection in skin by Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV was approximately 4- to 10-fold less than that of wild-type M-MuLV. Similar results were seen when a mouse keratinocyte line was infected in vitro with both viruses. Cells of the ORS are a primary target of infection in vivo, since a replication defective M-MuLV-based vector expressing β-galactosidase also infected these cells after a s.c. inoculation.
A Plan for Pretesting in Health Education

(1964). A Plan for Pretesting in Health Education. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 28-29.
Electromagnetic recombination spectra at the quark-hadron phase transition

Because quarks carry electric charge, they can radiate light when they change energy levels, which is exactly what happens when they hadronize. This is true not only in jets but also in heavy-ion collisions, where a thermalized plasma of quarks and gluons cools into a gas of hadrons. First, direct emission of photons from two quarks coalescing from the continuum into pions is calculated using the quark-meson model. The yield of final-state photons to pions is found to be about ${e}^{2}/{g}_{\ensuremath{\pi}qq}^{2}$, which is on the order of a percent. Second, the yield of photons from the decay of highly excited color singlets, which may exist ephemerally during hadronizaton, is estimated. Because these contributions occur late in the reaction, they should carry significant elliptic flow, which may help explain the large observed flow of direct photons by the PHENIX Collaboration at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The enhanced emission also helps explain the PHENIX Collaboration's surprisingly large observed $\ensuremath{\gamma}/\ensuremath{\pi}$ ratio.
CU-24: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Design for Long Endurance

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in a wide variety of applications ranging from military reconnaissance missions to atmospheric data collection, with the majority of these missions requiring long endurance flights. Maximum endurance is achieved for a specific vehicle through the optimal selection of an engine and propeller combination. This study describes the capabilities of a new test stand used to determine the thrust specific fuel consumption of an engine as a function of engine RPM and propeller dimensions. The stand was used to evaluate the performance of a four stroke engine with several different propeller configurations and allow for the recording of real time data. It is shown that in order to minimize thrust specific fuel consumption (and therefore maximize endurance) a large propeller with a high pitch angle operating at a low RPM is optimal.
Postgrowth Tuning of the Bandgap of Single-Layer Molybdenum Disulfide Films by Sulfur/Selenium Exchange

We demonstrate bandgap tuning of a single-layer MoS2 film on SiO2/Si via substitution of its sulfur atoms by selenium through a process of gentle sputtering, exposure to a selenium precursor, and annealing. We characterize the substitution process both for S/S and S/Se replacement. Photoluminescence and, in the latter case, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy provide direct evidence of optical band gap shift and selenium incorporation, respectively. We discuss our experimental observations, including the limit of the achievable bandgap shift, in terms of the role of stress in the film as elucidated by computational studies, based on density functional theory. The resultant films are stable in vacuum, but deteriorate under optical excitation in air.
The surgical treatment of condyloma acuminata in children

Abstract Condyloma acuminata [human papillomavirus (HPV)] may affect patients of all ages. Outpatient treatment [trichloroacetic acid (TCA), podophyllin, cryosurgery] is associated with some discomfort and, therefore, is poorly tolerated by children. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of surgical therapy of HPV in children and adolescents. Between January 1983 and July 1989, 17 girls age 16 and younger were treated for HPV with either laser fulguration or electrocautery at Le-Bonheur Children's Medical Center, Memphis, TN. All lesions were histologically confirmed to be HPV. The extent of disease was considered to be minimal in two patients, moderate in seven, and extensive in eight. Twelve patients were treated with C02 laser fulguration, and five were treated with electrocautery, either alone ( n = 3) or in combination with surgical excision ( n = 2). Postoperative pain was minimal, and no postoperative scarring was seen. Of the 17 patients, 5 (29%) had recurrent or persistent disease, 3 of which required a second surgical procedure. Patients with extensive disease were more likely to present with persistent or recurrent HPV. Similarly, in patients in whom the surrounding unaffected skin was treated ( n = 6), only one had recurrent disease. We conclude that surgical removal of HPV either with electrocautery or CO 2 laser should be considered for the treatment of HPV in young patients.
Blister Beetle (Coleoptera: Meloidae) Mortality Evaluated During Alfalfa Harvest

A striped blister beetle, Epicauta occidentalis Werner, found aggregating in Kansas alfalfa fields, can be incorporated into baled hay and has been documented to cause horse deaths. Different types of alfalfa harvest equipment and operation were evaluated to quantify, blister beetle mortality using simulated swarms of known numbers. Mowing was responsible for most of the beetle mortality. A self-propelled mower-windrower with crimper rollers removed gave the lowest beetle mortality of any equipment tested. A self-propelled mower-crimper-windrower gave the second lowest mortality. Although the sicklebar mower is widely recommended to reduce cantharidin contamination, identification of previously unrecognized factors related to equipment operation has clarified its contribution to blister beetle mortality, Three sources of beetle mortality ranked from most to least important were wheel traffic over mowed forage before beetles could disperse, crimping. and, finally, the cutting step itself. Raking and baling steps dislodged beetles from forage.
Psychotherapy of depression, a rational approach by the family physician.

The depressive syndrome results from grief, guilt or shame. Typical cases are described to illustrate the appropriate psychotherapeutic approach in each situation. In grief- induced depression the physician becomes the mourning partner, encouraging expression of both love and anger involved in the relationship with the deceased. When guilt is the underlying cause, he adopts an attitude of firm authority, temporarily acting as the limit-setting disciplinary force. In depression resulting from shame, he lends support and warmth and helps to restore self-esteem.
Reversal of phantom pain and hand‐to‐face remapping after brachial plexus avulsion

Following left brachial plexus avulsion, a 20-year-old man had phantom limb pain and remapping of sensation from his paralyzed hand onto his face. Mirror therapy (15 min daily, 5 days/week) led immediately to good movement of the phantom limb with decreased pain. Within 2 weeks following nerve graft surgery, remapping of hand sensation onto the face disappeared along with resolution of phantom limb pain. Mirror therapy coupled with nerve grafting may relieve phantom limb pain due to brachial plexus avulsion and reverse hand-to-face remapping, suggesting that both peripheral and central mechanisms mediate development of phantom limb pain and cortical reorganization/neuroplasticity after brachial plexus avulsion.
Campus Custodians in the Corporate University: Castes, Crossing Borders, and Critical Consciousness

This ethnographic study showcases life stories of campus custodians and their interactions with members of other campus subcultures to reveal insights about higher education. This manuscript illuminates the ways the worldwide economic calamities, beginning in 2008, resulted in the implementation of corporate-like ideologies. Analyses reveal how custodians interpreted, coped with, and subverted these mandates. This bottom-up view of the university provides a unique vantage point to enrich understanding about how universities manage change.
Neonatal maternal separation stress elicits lasting DNA methylation changes in the hippocampus of stress-reactive Wistar Kyoto rats

Early-life stress (ELS) can alter neurodevelopment in variable ways, ranging from producing deleterious outcomes to stress resilience. While most ELS studies focus on its harmful effects, recent work by our lab and others shows that ELS elicits positive effects in certain individuals. We exposed Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, known for a stress reactive, anxiety-/depression-like phenotype, to maternal separation (MS), a model of ELS. MS exposure elicited anxiolytic and antidepressant behavioral effects as well as improved cardiovascular function in adult WKY offspring. The present study interrogates an epigenetic mechanism (DNA methylation) that may confer the adaptive effects of MS in WKY offspring. We quantified global genome methylation levels in limbic brain regions of adult WKYs exposed to daily 180-min MS or neonatal handling from postnatal day 1-14. MS exposure triggered dramatic DNA hypermethylation specifically in the hippocampus. Next-generation sequencing methylome profiling revealed reduced methylation at intragenic sites within two key nodes of insulin signaling pathways: the insulin receptor and one of its major downstream targets, mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (Map3k5). We then tested the hypothesis that enhancing DNA methylation in WKY rats would elicit adaptive changes akin to the effects of MS. Dietary methyl donor supplementation improved WKY rats’ anxiety/depression-like behaviors and also improved cardiovascular measures, similar to previous observations following MS. Overall these data suggest a potential molecular mechanism that mediates a predicted adaptive response whereby ELS induces DNA methylation changes in the brain that may contribute to successful stress coping and adaptive physiological changes in adulthood. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Quantization of solitons and quantum stability

Nonlinear field theories which are often studied perturbatively can be interpreted also in terms of their soliton solutions. In addition to states related to quantization of free-field modes, a set of various particles will be present. A quantum expansion of the scalar theory is given in terms of a coupling constant. There occur states associated with quantization of the free field modes but also heavy particles. The heavy particles have a new quantum number and will be stable. An interpretation of the stability of the particles as related to a topological property is also described.
Imaging of venous compression syndromes

Venous compression syndromes are a unique group of disorders characterized by anatomical extrinsic venous compression, typically in young and otherwise healthy individuals. While uncommon, they may cause serious complications including pain, swelling, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and post-thrombotic syndrome. The major disease entities are May-Thurner syndrome (MTS), variant iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS), venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS)/Paget-Schroetter syndrome, nutcracker syndrome (NCS), and popliteal venous compression (PVC). In this article, we review the key clinical features, multimodality imaging findings, and treatment options of these disorders. Emphasis is placed on the growing role of noninvasive imaging options such as magnetic resonance venography (MRV) in facilitating early and accurate diagnosis and tailored intervention.
Exploring Languages Preservation in Kham Tibet, Learning From “Discourse in the Novel,” and Writing a Dialogical/Bakhtinian Ethnography:

This essay pursues three interrelated and reflexively challenging objectives. First, we celebrate Mikhail Bakhtin’s “Discourse in the Novel” as constituting a singular primer for writing and accomplishing dialogical ethnography. Second, we exemplify and dramatize its lessons by relating stories and practices of the first author’s 4-year ongoing field study and involvement with languages preservation, community enhancement, and social transformation in Kham Tibet. Finally, we accomplish these first two purposes in a self-consciously reflexive manner seeking to embody Bakhtin’s suggestions even as we describe them. We close with a tentative description of languages and voices we notice in writing this essay.
Does Autobiography Have a Future

Does autobiography have a future? Philippe Lejeune was already asking this question in 1971 in a little book he wrote to promote the study of what was then a neglected genre in France—and elsewhere...
Improved Voltage Control Strategy for Multi-terminal Flexible DC System

This paper presents an improved Voltage Droop control strategy, which updates the reference of DC link voltage by adding the difference between reference and actual voltage, which also adopts a dynamic P-V droop coefficient to improve the DC voltage level. By applying this method, we can eliminate the steady-state deviation of DC link voltage caused by ignoring the power loss in converter. In this paper, in order to demonstrate the reduction of deviation of DC link voltage, an improved control strategy is implemented for a three-terminal flexible DC power system modelled in PSCAD/EMTDC.
Regulation of the Drosophila ID protein Extra macrochaetae by proneural dimerization partners

Proneural bHLH proteins are transcriptional regulators of neural fate specification. Extra macrochaetae (Emc) forms inactive heterodimers with both proneural bHLH proteins and their bHLH partners (represented in Drosophila by Daughterless). It is generally thought that varying levels of Emc define a prepattern that determines where proneural bHLH genes can be effective. We report that instead it is the bHLH proteins that determine the pattern of Emc levels. Daughterless level sets Emc protein levels in most cells, apparently by stabilizing Emc in heterodimers. Emc is destabilized in proneural regions by local competition for heterodimer formation by proneural bHLH proteins including Atonal or AS-C proteins. Reflecting this post-translational control through protein stability, uniform emc transcription is sufficient for almost normal patterns of neurogenesis. Protein stability regulated by exchanges between bHLH protein dimers could be a feature of bHLH-mediated developmental events.
Analgesics and Sports Medicine

Because pain is the most common reason for seeing a physician and because it is often associated with athletic endeavors (the adage “no pain, no gain” is still accepted as dogma by many), a consideration of the properties of analgesic drugs is essential in a publication such as this.
Chapter 1 Attention in Infancy and the Prediction of Cognitive Capacities in Childhood

Attention has served as a principal gauge of arousal and affect, as well as perception and cognition, near the beginning of life. Attention begins information processing about the world, for example, and hence may be especially important in infancy. This chapter examines issues in attention measurement and meaning in infancy. In particular, it is shown that habituation of attention in the infant reflects underlying individual differences that may carry modest predictive validity for mental development in the child.
Light and Photosynthesis in Seagrass Meadows

The distribution of radiant energy in plant canopies determines one of the fundamental interactions of biophysical ecology—that of energy exchange between photosynthetic organisms and their environment. Accurate knowledge of light absorption by plant canopies permits the calculation of important plantand ecosystem-level properties, including rates of primary production, which will be the focus of this chapter. Knowledge of the interaction between light and plant canopies is also crucial for remote sensing, quantification of vegetation abundance and distribution, as well as for the development of inversion, techniques to infer plant chemical composition, important for ecosystem-scale estimates of plant growth and biogeochemical fluxes (Jacquemoud et al., 1996; Lacapra et al., 1996; Broge and Leblanc, 2000). Submerged aquatic vegetation, including seagrass beds, provide a strong optical signature that can be tracked using satellite and airborne remote sensing (Armstrong, 1993; Mumby et al., 1997; Chauvaud et al., 2001; Dierssen et al., 2003), and this will be the subject of Dekker et al., Chapter 15. Seagrasses represent an ecologically important structuring element and major source of primary production in shallow waters, worldwide. The primacy of light availability in determining seagrass bed density, distribution and productivity is particularly acute (Hemminga and Duarte, 2000). Although minimum light requirements for most marine macrophytes are on the order of 0.1 to 1% of in-water surface irradiance [Ed(0)], seagrasses have unusually high light requirements, ranging from 10% to as much as 37% of Ed(0) (Duarte, 1991b; Olesen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoS Induces Intrinsic Apoptosis in Target Host Cells in a Manner That is Dependent on its GAP Domain Activity

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in immunocompromised individuals and cystic fibrosis patients. ExoS and ExoT are two homologous bifunctional Type III Secretion System (T3SS) virulence factors that induce apoptosis in target host cells. They possess a GTPase Activating Protein (GAP) domain at their N-termini, which share ~76% homology, and an ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) domain at their C-termini, which target non-overlapping substrates. Both the GAP and the ADPRT domains contribute to ExoT’s cytotoxicity in target epithelial cells, whereas, ExoS-induced apoptosis is reported to be primarily due to its ADPRT domain. In this report, we demonstrate that ExoS/GAP domain is both necessary and sufficient to induce mitochondrial apoptosis. Our data demonstrate that intoxication with ExoS/GAP domain leads to enrichment of Bax and Bim into the mitochondrial outer-membrane, disruption of mitochondrial membrane and release of and cytochrome c into the cytosol, which activates initiator caspase-9 and effector caspase-3, that executes cellular death. We posit that the contribution of the GAP domain in ExoS-induced apoptosis was overlooked in prior studies due to its slower kinetics of cytotoxicity as compared to ADPRT. Our data clarify the field and reveal a novel virulence function for ExoS/GAP as an inducer of apoptosis.
Impact of Extreme Events on Transportation Infrastructure in Iowa: A Bayesian Network Approach:

Iowa’s roadway network is an important part of the state’s transportation infrastructure and plays a critical role in the functionality and economic development of the entire state. This network pr...
Short- and Long-term Opioid Use in Patients with Oral and Oropharynx Cancer.

ObjectiveOpioid use and abuse is a national health care crisis, yet opioids remain the cornerstone of pain management in cancer. We sought to determine the risk of acute and chronic opioid use with...
Working Together within a System: Educative Mentoring and Novice Teacher Learning.

Using a framework of activity theory, I follow one mentor/student teacher pair through a yearlong student teaching experience, investigating their interactions around the practice of educat...
Classification of Driver Distraction: A Comprehensive Analysis of Feature Generation, Machine Learning, and Input Measures:

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze a set of driver performance and physiological data using advanced machine learning approaches, including feature generation, to determine the bes...
Conduction Abnormalities and Long-Term Mortality Following Septal Myectomy in Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Abstract Background Conduction abnormalities including bundle branch block are recognized sequelae following septal myectomy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but their incidence and effect on long-term mortality have not been well studied. Objectives This study was conducted to determine the impact of conduction abnormalities on mortality in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy following myectomy. Methods The outcomes of 2,482 patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who underwent transaortic septal myectomy from 1961 to 2016 were analyzed. Pre-operative and early post-operative electrocardiograms were reviewed to determine conduction status. The study endpoint was all-cause mortality. Results Mean age at operation was 54.2 ± 14.6 years, and 1,370 patients (55.2%) were men. Pre-operatively, 2,159 patients (87.0%) had normal conduction, of whom 38.8% developed left bundle branch block, 1.1% developed right bundle branch block (RBBB), and 0.6% had complete heart block (CHB) after myectomy. Among 112 patients with baseline RBBB, 34.8% developed CHB post-operatively. Overall, only 2.3% of patients developed CHB. Over a median follow-up period of 8.6 years, overall mortality differed among post-operative conduction groups after adjustment for age, sex, and concomitant procedures (p = 0.015). Specifically, mortality in those with paced rhythm after myectomy was significantly increased relative to those with normal conduction (hazard ratio: 1.57; 95% confidence interval: 1.15 to 2.14; p = 0.005), although no significant difference was observed in left bundle branch block and RBBB (vs. normal) groups. Conclusions Left bundle branch block is a common sequela after septal myectomy but does not influence post-operative mortality. Myectomy-related CHB is rare in patients with baseline normal conduction, while pre-existing RBBB greatly increases the risk for CHB. Persistent paced rhythm after operation is an independent predictor of mortality.
De espadas y de cañas: esgrima y astrología en las jácaras de Quevedo

This article takes up the matter of classifying Quevedo’s jacaras. Two criteria are proposed: one that follows the narrative structure and a second that deals with the predominant themes. In addition, the article studies questions of fencing and astrology in these works. These two disciplines are used by Quevedo to underline his own style of writing jacaras, one that is based on the dissonance between the popular and the learned. This contrast serves to transgress the principle of decorum in the themes utilized. Finally, the essay analyses the possible social and political implications that may emerge from the uses of fencing and astrology in the genre of the jacaras.
Efficiency of using electric toothbrush as an alternative to a tuning fork for artificial buzz pollination is independent of instrument buzzing frequency

Breeding programs and research activities where artificial buzz-pollinations are required to have primarily relied upon using tuning forks, and bumble bees. However, these methods can be expensive, unreliable, and inefficient. To find an alternative, we tested the efficiency of pollen collection using electric toothbrushes and compared it with tuning forks at three vibration frequencies—low, medium, and high and two extraction times at 3 s and 16 s- from two buzz—pollinated species (Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum elaeagnifolium). Our results show that species, and extraction time significantly influenced pollen extraction, while there were no significant differences for the different vibration frequencies and more importantly, the use of a toothbrush over tuning fork. More pollen was extracted from S. elaeagnifolium when compared to S. lycopersicum, and at longer buzzing time regardless of the instrument used. Our results suggest that electric toothbrushes can be a viable and inexpensive alternative to tuning forks, and regardless of the instrument used and buzzing frequency, length of buzzing time is also critical in pollen extraction.
Unprecedented pandemic, unprecedented shift, and unprecedented opportunity.

The COVID-19 pandemic is currently spreading across the world in an unprecedented way. "Social distancing" has become the latest buzzword in the headlines of media covering the COVID-19 pandemic As a result, the widely implemented social distancing measures has generated one unprecedented shift that pushes various types of human social interactions from dominantly offline to dominantly online. This becomes a "new normal" in our daily life. For our research community of studying technology-related behavior, the COVID-19 pandemic provides an unprecedented opportunity to join the worldwide efforts to fight against the current pandemic and Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies calls for studies examining how humans behavior with emerging technologies in extreme events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Warming shrivels future snowstorms

The influence of the changing climate on individual snowstorms has been uncertain, in part due to the use of coarse model simulations. Now, research employing more detailed simulations finds fewer and smaller snowstorms as a result of warming, with a reduction in the amount and extent of extreme snowfall.
Neuromorphic Closed-Loop Control of a Flexible Modular Robot by a Simulated Spiking Central Pattern Generator

We propose a minimal yet highly biomimetic hierarchical controller based on a neuromorphic spiking central pattern generator (CPG) consisting of twelve simulated neurons modulated by sensory feedback. The robotic application of this controller is a flexible modular robot which uses DC linear actuators to morph its structure and achieve a crawling gait. It was shown in previous work that different gaits can be achieved by altering the number and physical location of structural modules. The proposed controller enables a modular style of controller design as well. Additional behaviors, or adaption of the controller to a different flexible robotic configuration, can be achieved by additional independent “neural modules” consisting of spiking neurons.
Reply detection of a 27.5-My cycle in extinctions of non-marine tetrapods in light of a similar cycle in marine extinctions and coordinated geologic events

Our circular-spectral and Fourier analyses of the ages of the 10 recognized non-marine tetrapod extinction events over the last 300 My revealed a significant spectral peak at 27.5 My. Omerbashich, ...
111 Artificial Light-Triggered Sleep Deprivation May Lead to Allodynia in Rodent Model

Introduction: The combination of artificial light and lack of exposure to natural light can delay the circadian clock, dysregulate the circadian cycle, and decrease alertness upon waking. This effect has been especially significant during the COVID-19 pandemic, where overexposure to artificial light at improper hours has contributed to increased rates of clinical insomnia. Artificial light may also contribute to concomitant neurological conditions such as primary headache, but the mechanisms by which light triggers sleep deprivation-induced headache are not well-understood. Methods: To measure pain sensitivity, we habituated 13 wild-type male mice to von Frey filaments applied to the periorbital area until there was no response to 0.6g stimulus. We then applied 5 lux of continuous dim light to mice during their usual 12-hour dark cycle. The 12-hour light cycle remained unchanged with 200 lux continuous light. Three groups of mice experienced the dim light stimulus for one, three, or five consecutive days. Ambulation and rest activity were measured using SOF-812 Activity Monitor machines. After the experiment concluded, we waited 24 hours and measured mechanical threshold using von Frey filaments at 1, 3, 5, 8, and every 3 days subsequently until mice no longer responded to 0.6g stimulus. Results: Artificial light triggered changes in circadian behavior including increased number of rest periods during 12-hour dark (dim light) cycle and shortened sleep duration during 12-hour light cycle. Following the artificial light stimulus, there was a significant decrease in mechanical threshold (P<0.05), representing allodynia. The one-day group displayed one day of significant allodynia. The three-day group displayed three days of significant allodynia. The five-day group displayed five days of significant allodynia. Conclusion: Artificial light may trigger circadian dysregulation, and the duration of artificial light exposure seemed to be directly correlated to the duration of allodynia up to one week after the stimulus was removed. We will repeat these experiments and analyze CNS and PNS tissue samples to understand the underlying physiological and biochemical bases of how artificial light triggers sleep deprivationinduced headache. This knowledge could increase our understanding of the pathophysiology and comorbidity of sleep deprivation and headache.
Relationship between Blood Type and Outcomes Following COVID-19 Infection

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a concentrated research effort has been undertaken to elucidate risk factors underlying viral infection, severe illness, and death. Recent studies have investigated the association between blood type and COVID-19 infection. This article aims to comprehensively review current literature and better understand the impact of blood type on viral susceptibility and outcomes.
Low-Density 2D Superlattices Assembled via Directional DNA Bonding

It is critical to assemble nanoparticles (NPs) into superlattices with controlled symmetries and spacings on substrates for metamaterials applications, where such structural parameters dictate their properties. Here, we use DNA to assemble anisotropic NPs of three shapes-cubes, octahedra, and rhombic dodecahedra-on substrates and investigate their thermally induced reorganization into two-dimensional (2D) crystalline films. We report two new low-density 2D structures, including a honeycomb lattice based on octahedral NPs. The low-density lattices favored here are not usually seen when particles are crystallized via other bottom-up assembly techniques. Furthermore, we show that, consistent with the complementary contact model, a primary driving force for crystallization is the formation of directional, face-to-face DNA bonds between neighboring NPs and between NPs and the substrate. Our results can be used to deliberately prepare crystalline NP films with novel morphologies.
Swap Meets—Fun and Profit: The Retailing Institution of the 1980s

In this article the authors explore the nature of swap meets as a developing form of retailing in the United States. Several environmental factors are examined as they may account for the growth of swap meets into a widely acceptable institution of retailing.
Implementing the electronic disbursement of child support payments: NSF national conference on digital government research (dg.o2003)

This paper describes an on-going e-government pilot project to implement an electronic child support disbursement system in the state of Indiana. The new electronic disbursement system is designed to replace the current paper-based check system with a dual electronic system of direct bank deposits for custodial parents with bank accounts and commercial debit cards with a MasterCard logo for unbanked custodial parents, referred to as the Hoosier Works card. We discuss the planned development of the new electronic disbursement system and lay out the framework of the comprehensive evaluation plan built into the project's design.
Panel presentation on experiences as a CAREER awardee [electrical engineering education]

Summary form only given. The paper examines the authors experiences as a CAREER Awardee. He details how the Award influenced the following aspects of his professional work: integration of teaching and research; encouragement of professional efforts through IEEE by stressing the educational component; and increased the likelihood of collaborations (a received a 3-yr EPRI Grant during the Award).
Longitudinal variability of methane and ammonia bands on Jupiter. II - Temporal variations

A set of spectra has been obtained of the Jovian equatorial zone central meridian 6190 A CH4 and 6450 A NH3 bands on the nights of February 26, 27, and 28, 1980, a year after the data reported by Cochran and Cochran (1980), in order to check the previous results and search for possible temporal variations. The new data confirm the results of the previous study. A correlation of the NH3 and CH4 equivalent widths, as well as a lack of any strong correlation of red continuum reflectivity with equivalent width, are found. Longitude regions of larger or smaller than average equivalent width still seem to exist a year later, with some slight drift in longitude. An increase in the average CH4 and NH3 equivalent width over the entire planet was detected during the one year interval. This is easily understood as the result of a global decrease in the mean altitude of the NH3 cloud.
Tidal‐flow restoration provides little nesting habitat for a globally vulnerable saltmarsh bird

Tidal marshes are among the most threatened habitats on Earth because of their limited natural extent, a long history of human drainage and modification, and anticipated future sea-level rise. Tidal marshes also provide services to humans and support species of high conservation interest. Consequently, millions of dollars have been spent on tidal marsh restoration throughout North America. Southern New England has a long history of tidal marsh restorations, often focused on removal of the invasive plant Phragmites australis. Working in 18 Connecticut marshes, we examined the bird community in 21 plots in restoration sites and 19 plots in reference sites. Restoration plots were divided into those in marshes where management involved restoring tidal flow and those where direct Phragmites control (e.g. cutting, herbicide) was used. Saltmarsh sparrows Ammodramus caudacutus, which are considered globally vulnerable to extinction, were less common where tidal flow had been restored than at reference sites and nested in only one of 14 tidal-flow restoration plots. No abundance differences were found for large wading birds, willets Tringa semipalmata, or seaside sparrows Ammodramus maritimus. Vegetation at sites where tidal flow had been restored showed characteristics typical of lower-elevation marsh, which is unsuitable for nesting saltmarsh sparrows. We conclude that, although tidal-flow restorations in Connecticut control Phragmites and restore native saltmarsh vegetation, they produce conditions that are largely unsuitable for one of the highest conservation priority species found in eastern U.S. salt marshes.
Personality Development in Adulthood and Old Age

The primary focus of personality research has turned from questions regarding stability and change across adulthood to examining the multidirectional paths of personality and the impact of individual differences throughout the lifespan. In this chapter we define and examine the nature of personality in adulthood and old age by adopting a life-span approach. An overview of theoretical approaches and a discussion of findings from key empirical studies is provided. The discussion covers trait approaches with a focus on rank-order and mean-level consistency, as well as how individual differences shape life experiences in adulthood and later life. Stage theories and contextual models, which incorporate person-environment interactions, are also presented. Findings involving subjective personality change and personality as a predictor of later life outcomes are discussed. Finally, the contribution of specific aspects of the self (e.g., identity, self-efficacy and control beliefs, well-being, emotions, and coping) to adult development is considered. The chapter concludes with a summary of the current state of the adult personality literature and offers suggestions for the direction of future work. Keywords: adulthood; identity; individual differences; multidirectionality; old age; personality development; stability
Apoptosis and the shape of death

Programmed cell death is a common cell fate in most if not all multicellular animals. It is used extensively during development, as well as later in life, to eliminate cells that are either useless or potentially detrimental to the organism. Programmed cell death is basically cell suicide, in the sense that the cell that is to die actively participates in— and often itself induces— its own demise and removal from the organism. Proper control of programmed cell death is crucial, and breakdown in the regulation of this process can result in a number of pathologies: inactivation of the death program has been associated with the development of cancer and autoimmune diseases, whereas aberrant activation of the apoptotic machinery is thought to contribute to the extensive cell deaths observed in neurodegenerative diseases and stroke [Thompson, 1995; Vaux, 1993].
Modification of the fatty acid composition of L1210 murine leukemia cells.

We have compared the effect of diets containing 16% sunflower seed oil (polyunsaturated fat-rich) or 16% coconut oil (saturated fat-rich) fed for 3–7 weeks on the composition of L1210 murine leukemia cells which were transplanted into the peritoneal cavity during the final week of feeding. The L1210 phospholipids of mice fed the sunflower oil diet contained 43% polyenoic fatty acids and an average of 1.5 double bonds per fatty acid molecule as compared to only 25% polyenoic fatty acids and 1.2 double bonds in the coconut oil group. In contrast, the cells from the sunflower oil group contained only 13% monoenoic fatty acids as compared to 33% in those from the coconut oil group. When compared to phospholipids of tumors from mice who were fed a commercial mouse chow, cells grown on sunflower oil had an 18% increase in polyenoic fatty acids and those grown on coconut oil a 31% decrease. The greatest changes occurred in the proportion of oleate and linoleate. There was only a small difference in the percentage of saturated fatty acids and in the mean fatty acid chain length among the tumor cells from animals on the experimental diets. The changes in the fatty acid composition of the L1210 cell neutral lipids and the lipids of the ascites fluid were similar to those observed in the phospholipids. A majority of the changes had occurred after 5 weeks of feeding the special diet. These results indicated that the fatty acid saturation of tumor cell phospholipids can be altered appreciably. The changes in fatty acid composition were not associated with any change in the sterol/phospholipid ratio of the cells. Therefore, our results suggest that it may be possible to alter the physical properties and function of a tumor cell membrane by dietary modification of its phospholipid composition.
Vital imaging and ultrastructural analysis of individual axon terminals labeled by iontophoretic application of lipophilic dye

We describe a method for in vivo confocal fluorescence imaging of synaptic terminals and subsequent electron microscopic reconstructions of the same terminals. By iontophoretically applying lipophilic dye to nerve terminals at a single neuromuscular junction with a sharp microelectrode in living neonatal mice, we were able to quickly label other synaptic terminals of the same motor unit. This vital labeling technique allows the same synapses to be imaged in living animals for several days. By using two dyes applied to separate junctions we could visualize competing axons converging at the same site. We also show that similar approaches can be used to study synaptic inputs to neurons. Following photoconversion, the dye labeled axons and synapses were easily identified and distinguished from unlabeled synapses of other axons ultrastructurally. This new labeling technique thus provides a useful means to study reorganization of synaptic structure at high temporal and spatial resolution.
Nonlocal theory of collective excitations in doped semiconducting films: The effect of depletion and accumulation layers.

We discuss the collective electronic excitations of semiconducting films, through use of the random-phase approximation, and wave functions generated from an appropriate self-consistent potential. The calculations are carried out for {ital n}-type GaAs, with depletion or accumulation layers induced by suitable charge sheets on the film surfaces. We find and discuss the properties of surface plasmons and standing-wave bulk plasmons, and in the case of a strong accumulation layer we also find collective modes localized in the accumulation region that are only weakly Landau damped even at rather large wave vectors. We apply our calculations to the description of electron-energy-loss studies of semiconducting films.
RFID enhances visitors' museum experience at the Exploratorium

Interactive RFID-enhanced museum exhibits let visitors continue their scientific exploration beyond the museum's walls. But museums must still help them understand the technology and address their data privacy concerns.
MINERALOGY OF TYPICAL NORTH CAROLINA CLAYS AND SHALES

A microscopic examination was made on those clays and shales of North Carolina which gave most promise of future development in the structural clay products industry. The more common minerals were determined rather than the rare ones which did not occur in sufficient quantity to affect the quality of the clay. The work showed clay substance to be the most abundant material present, followed by quartz, red and yellow iron oxides, muscovite through sericite to hydromica, and epidote, with smaller amounts of rutile, biotite, titanite, tourmaline, and zircon. Diatoms were found in two cases and kaolinite in one.
Changes in Relative Abundance of Several Minnesota Fishes from 1970 to 2013

AbstractLarge-scale ecological stressors such as climate change, habitat degradation, and invasive species increasingly affect fisheries across watershed or political boundaries within which they are typically managed. Though broad-scale analyses of trends in fish populations and changes in aquatic communities can be useful for detecting the effects of these stressors, they are rarely possible due to a lack of long-term data sets. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources has used gill nets and trap nets to monitor fish communities in lakes since 1940, and the techniques have been standardized since 1970. We applied a random-coefficient mixed-effects model to mean CPUE data to describe statewide and local population trends of eight key fish species (Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, Northern Pike Esox lucius, Smallmouth Bass M. dolomieu, Walleye Sander vitreus, White Sucker Catostomus commersonii, and Yellow Perch Perca flavescen...
Design of adiabatic connections for ultra-low-loss waveguides

We propose a variational approach to design adiabatic waveguide connections with minimal intermodal coupling. A design of the “S-bend” of whispering-gallery spiral waveguides is demonstrated with approximately 0.05 dB insertion loss.
Variable Transduction Efficiency of Murine Leukemia Retroviral Vector on Mammalian Cells: Role of Cellular Glycosylation☆

Abstract To elucidate the cellular tropism of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV), we have studied the transduction efficiency of a recombinant MuLV vector carrying the β-galactosidase reporter gene on a variety of rodent cells. Under optimal conditions forin vitrocell transduction, primary cultures of adult rat fibroblasts derived from various organs were very poorly transduced by the ecotropic MuLV vector (0.02–0.12%) when compared to immortalized cells such as the F2408 (42%) and 3Y1 (defined as 100%) lines. Primary cultures of fibroblasts from neonatal (3.7%) or embryonic rat tissues (4.6%) and primary cultures of rat mammary epithelial cells (3–4%) were somewhat more susceptible. Immortalization of rodent fibroblasts with Polyomavirus Large T, SV40 Large T, and E6-E7 genes of human papilloma virus resulted in a modest or minimal increase in transduction efficiency, and introduction of the transforming genes v-Src, v-Ras, and v-Raf was in most instances associated with a decrease in MuLV vector entry. Variability of transduction efficiency was not related to differences in cellular growth rate and treatment of MuLV vectorsin vitrowith deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and treatment of cells in culture with protease inhibitors failed to modify cellular entry of the MuLV vector. On the other hand, inhibition of cellular glycosylation with swansonine, 1-deoxymannojirimycin and, primarily, tunicamycin enhanced entry of the ecotropic vector by up to 220-fold, particularly into cells which were otherwise highly resistant. These findings demonstrate major differences in transduction efficiency of the ecotropic MuLV vector on rodent cells and indicate that cellular glycosylation plays a critical role in determining MuLV cellular tropism.
New designs of CMS silicon pixel detectors for radiation hardness

Abstract New designs of silicon pixel detectors with n + /n/p + and double-sided multiguard ring structures have been developed for more radiation-tolerant CMS forward pixel sensors. In a later design modification, guard rings on the n + side are replaced with a single wide (640 μm) n + implant, and the entire n + side and the edge region of the p + side are grounded. All designs were fabricated from both normal and oxygen-enriched silicon wafers, and radiation hardness effects for neutron (1 MeV equivalent) and proton (24 GeV) irradiation of these detectors were compared. Other electrical characteristics such as leakage current, potential distribution over guard rings and full depletion voltage were tested, using standard techniques of I–V , V–V , C–V and TCT before and after irradiation.
VACCINATION POLICIES AND PROGRAMS The Federal Government's Role in Making the System Work

Government agencies play a key role, from preclinical development to postlicensure monitoring, in making vaccinations one of the leading public health interventions. Important steps in this process include development and testing of vaccine antigens, evaluation of clinical and manufacturing data leading to licensure, formulation of recommendations, vaccine purchase, defining strategies to improve coverage, compensation of those injured by vaccine adverse reactions, and monitoring vaccine impact and safety. Using examples of newly recommended vaccines, this article describes the infrastructure that underlies a safe and effective program and highlights some of the opportunities and threats likely to impact the system in coming years.
Individuated Marital Relationships and the Regulation of Affect in Families of Early Adolescents.

This study examined the interdependence between the spousal relationship and the triadic parent-adolescent system. The purpose of the study was to examine the degree to which affect regulation in t...