cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Talking with children about death

Nurses are often asked to respond to children's questions about death and to advise parents and teachers on how to discuss this topic with children. This article reviews the concepts that children must learn to understand and cope with a death. Cognitive limitations of young children that may result in guilt and misinterpretations are reviewed. Advice is provided on how nurses can assist infants, young children, and adolescents in dealing with deaths of significant others or their own impending death. The importance of identifying and addressing the personal needs of the helper are underscored.
NEPAL-an N/sup 1.5/ algorithm for solving the volume integral equation

The authors present an algorithm called the nested equivalence principle algorithm (NEPAL) to solve volume integral equations with computational complexity of N/sup 1.5/ in two dimensions and N/sup 2/ in three dimensions. The principal idea of this approach is to nest one algorithm within another so that a smaller problem is solved before a larger one. The size of the problem increases by a factor of 2/sup n/ at each stage where n is the dimension of the problem. In this manner, an N unknown problem is solved in log/sub n/ N steps. The authors have implemented NEPAL to solve volume integral equations and compared the results with the direct solution of the volume integral equations by the method of moments. The results are in good agreement for both E/sub z/ and H/sub z/ polarized waves. The authors have also studied the growth of computer time with the number of unknowns in the problem and found that NEPAL is very competitive with RATMA. >
Time Dependent Behavior of a Particle Filled Composite PMMA/ATH at Elevated Temperatures

Creep behavior of particle filled acrylic composite materials become a major concern when they are used at elevated temperatures. Therefore, for elevated temperature finite element simulations any constitutive modeling requires time- temperature dependent material properties. Unfortunately, this type of data is very difficult to come across in the literature, due to a very long time needed to conduct creep testing. In this study, the creep properties of acrylic casting dispersion PMMA/ ATH were obtained experimentally and the observed characteristics of this material are presented with the experimental data. The underlying deformation mechanisms and the steady-state creep response are also discussed.
Starting down the right path: nutrition connections with chronic diseases of later life

Thirty years have been added to the average life expectancy of Americans over the past century. It is a reasonable expectation that Americans will achieve an average life span of > or =100 y within this century. The most dramatic decreases in early-life and midlife mortality coincided with advances in medicine; curative medicine has played a lesser role. The aging of the population alone has already increased health care costs, and as we move toward even longer lives, these costs will likely increase even more. Therefore, establishing and safeguarding optimal health from early life must become increasingly important concerns for governments and health care providers if they are to allocate resources wisely and ensure and maintain a high quality of life in the population. A prevention-oriented, life cycle approach is critical to establishing and maintaining health throughout life. This approach can delay and compress morbidity and the social toll associated with chronic disease and disability for as long as possible into old age. Good evidence exists that early nutrition affects key risk factors for chronic degenerative diseases of middle and later life, such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. The influence of nutrition on health status and morbidity supports primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of disease and intervention strategies at each point in the process. The objective of such a prevention-oriented model is to enable people to live well for longer, while minimizing chronic disability. Starting down the right path with appropriate nutrition and staying on it by eating well are important components of healthy aging.
Moral Luck, Photojournalism, and Pornography

Soulevant le conflit de valeurs qui sous-tend le debat sur la pratique du photo-journalisme, l'A. etudie la relation entre l'art et la politique a travers l'exemple du roman de M. Kundera intitule «L'insoutenable legerete de l'etre» et a travers l'exemple du film de M. Manchevski intitule «Avant la pluie». Etablissant un lien entre les atrocites du photo-journalisme de guerre et les representations de la nudite par la photographie pornographique, l'A. rapproche le sentiment de culpabilite des personnages tragiques de ces deux fictions de la question du hasard moral traitee par Saint Thomas d'Aquin, d'une part, et tire les mauvaises consequences du photo-journalisme et de la pornographie sur les valeurs telles que la dignite et la saintete, d'autre part
Determinants of Peace Agreement, Pessimism-Optimism, and Expectation of World Conflict: A Cross-National Study

The data reported in this paper are based on a comprehensive survey carried out in a number of European countries. General results indicate that individuals low in social and personal power are more likely to acquiesce to peace proposals which could be considered high in social desirability. Little power to intervene actively in the future is reflected in the pessimism about chances for conflict and pessimism about their own life and the status of their own countries arid the past, present, and future status of the world. These results are explained by analyzing social power as an intervening variable between social and personality characteristics based upon Ss' responses to questions dealing with peace proposals, optimism-pessimism, and expectations of conflict. This analysis suggests that peace agreement on the part of low power persons is partly a result of cognitive rigidity and inability to evaluate differentially the peace proposals in which the motivational processes of low self-esteem and powerles...
Globalization and its discontents

Joseph E. Stiglitz. 2002. Globalization and Its Discontents. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. xxii + 282 pages. ISBN: 0-393-05124-2.
Benefit of aggressive lipid-lowering therapy: insights from the post coronary artery bypass graft study and other trials

The importance of treating patients to lower cholesterol levels to lessen the risk of developing atherosclerosis is well accepted. However, the benefits of aggressive treatment for lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and a defined threshold at which lowering cholesterol is of little use are still questionable. Although definitive answers are still not available, interesting data come from follow-ups and reviews of epidemiologic and clinical trials completed decades ago. In the Seven Countries Study, a 25-year follow-up shows that while absolute levels of coronary artery disease mortality differed by geographic area, the relative increase in mortality due to a given increase in cholesterol was similar in all cultures except Japan. A new look at the Framingham Study reveals that mean serum cholesterol of persons developing coronary disease has been decreasing progressively for the last 3 decades. Most recently, average levels of total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol for men are below the levels now recommended for treatment according to the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. Clinical and angiographic intervention trials have now ascertained that lowering LDL cholesterol is effective in prevention and in secondary treatment of coronary atherosclerosis. Recent reviews of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S), the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) study, Holme's meta-analysis of 42 randomized cholesterol-lowering trials, Roussouw's meta-analysis of 14 angiographic trials, and the Harvard Atherosclerosis Reversibility Project retrospectively validate the effectiveness of treatment and point to those patient populations in which treatment is most effective. The Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (Post CABG) trial evaluated aggressive LDL cholesterol-lowering therapy versus moderate treatment goals, and definitively demonstrated that in patients with a moderate increase in serum cholesterol, aggressive lipid lowering compares very positively with a moderate strategy. The benefits of decreasing cholesterol to very low levels are not yet certain, although epidemiologic reviews strongly correlate lower cholesterol levels with lowered coronary artery disease mortality. Meta-analyses confirm that LDL cholesterol lowering is at least as effective in low-risk patients as in those at high risk. Review of the Post CABG trial comes closest to providing practitioners with clinical guidelines.
PROTON: a media access control protocol for optical networks with star topology

A new multiple access protocol called PROTON (PROTocol for Optical Networks) is developed for optical local area networks based on a passive star topology. PROTON uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and is highly bandwidth-efficient. One of the available wavelengths is used as a control channel. Time is divided into fixed-sized slots. The size of the slots is the same for the control and the data channels. Before transmitting a packet, a station must compete with others for a slot in a data wavelength, using a collision-free procedure. Transmitting stations and the corresponding wavelengths for their data transmissions are determined at each station by a simple arbitration scheme. The protocol is suitable for networks where the number of users can be much larger than the number of available data channels. In addition to propagation delays, it is considered that transmitter and receiver tuning times as well as the times required to process control packets are not negligible. Whenever possible, and to maximize the throughput of the network, tuning and processing times of transmitters and receivers are overlapped with each other and with data transmission times. Also, data slot requests and packet transmissions are scheduled in a pipeline fashion, thus reducing the detrimental effects on throughput and packet delay of long propagation delays. The paper includes an analysis of the maximum throughput characteristics of PROTON. An analytical model is developed, and several performance measures are obtained. >
Fast instruction cache analysis via static cache simulation

Introduces a new method for instruction cache analysis that outperforms conventional trace-driven methods. The new method, static cache simulation, analyzes a program for a given cache configuration and determines prior to execution time if an instruction reference will always result in a cache hit or miss. At run time, counters are incremented to provide the execution frequency of portions of code. In addition, the cache behavior is simulated for references that could not be predicted statically. The dynamic simulation employs a novel view of the cache by updating local state information associated with code portions. The total number of cache hits and misses can be inferred from the frequency counters at program exit. Measurements taken from a variety of programs show that this new method speeds up cache analysis over conventional trace-driven methods by almost an order of a magnitude. Thus, cache analysis with static cache simulation makes it possible do analyze the instruction cache behavior of longer and more realistic program executions. >
A robust controller for the manipulation of micro scale objects

A suite of novel robust controllers is presented for the manipulation and handling of micro-scale objects in a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) where adhesive, surface tension, friction and van der Waals forces are dominant. Moreover, these forces are typically unknown. The robust controller overcomes the unknown system dynamics and ensures the performance in the presence of actuator constraints by assuming that the upper bounds on these forces are known. On the other hand, for the robust adaptive controller, the unknown forces are estimated online. Using the Lyapunov approach, the uniformly ultimate boundedness (UUB) of the closed-loop manipulation error is shown for pick and place tasks. Simulation results are presented to substantiate the theoretical conclusions.
Subsurface topography mapping in deserts using two frequency SAR interferometry

The progress in the development of a new two frequency InSAR system for mapping the subsurface topography in deserts and arid regions is presented. The proposed system consists of a Ka-InSAR for mapping the top interface topography and a VHF-InSAR for mapping the subsurface topography. The required modifications in conventional InSAR inversion to allow for height estimation in the presence of the top layer are then presented. Some of the image distortions that occur in the SAR images are also presented. Scaled model measurements were performed to verify the operation of the proposed system.
Pneumatic pumping test for soil vacuum extraction

In-situ pneumatic pumping tests were performed to estimate the pneumatic permeability at a site containing soils contaminated with aviation gasoline. Determination of pneumatic permeability was necessary to evaluate soil-air discharge or pore volume exchange rates. Pressure propagation was measured in clustered vapor probes during the application of vacuum and positive pressure. An analytical solution for soil-air pressure distribution with a non-linear data fitting algorithm was adopted to obtain the pneumatic permeability from soil-air pressure distribution. Pneumatic pumping tests indicated substantially higher air discharge rates in the immediate vicinity of wells. The air discharge rate dissipated rapidly as distance from the wells increased. Application of increased vacuum or injection pressure resulted in substantially increased air flow in the immediate vicinity with small changes at a distance. This fact indicates that effective design should be based on air flow fields near wells, and the site specific design criteria should be determined with carefully conducted tests.
Measurements and Models in Physical Limnology

Within the compass of six lectures it is manifestly impossible to cover adequately the history of the interplay between field observations and models as well as recent progress and promising future trends in physical limnology. Therefore Section 1 is an annotated bibliography of starting-points or first discoveries within the field of water movements, selected (it must be admitted) on the basis of the lecturer’s experience and interests. This selectivity may explain and perhaps excuse the immodest-seeming citation of his own publications. Section 2 (Recent History and Future Opportunities) will also contribute to history, but will consider in addition some promising future lines of research. The continuity between the lectures will, it is hoped, demonstrate the inseparable continuity between physical limnology and oceanography in particular and geophysical fluid dynamics in general. It is no coincidence, as the bibliography will demonstrate, that many of the recent findings in lakes have been published in oceanographic or geophysical journals and are becoming incorporated into general textbooks (1,2). Some hydrodynamic phenomena and mechanisms -for example those constrained by boundaries- can, in fact, be more easily studied and modelled in lakes than in oceans. For others the reverse is true.
Financing the Great War: A Class Tax for the Wealthy, Liberty Bonds for All

William Gibbs McAdoo, President Woodrow Wilson’s Secretary of the Treasury and ex officio Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board formulated the national plan to finance World War I. Against the advice of most economists of his time, he chose a mix of taxation (about one-third) and the sale of war bonds (two-thirds). He introduced a sharply progressive income tax schedule that taxed the wealthy class but left average Americans untaxed. To raise the balance needed McAdoo conceived of the Liberty Loan. This mechanism for borrowing from the public had three elements. (1) The public would be educated about bonds, the causes and objectives of the war, and led to appreciate the financial power of the country. (2) The government would appeal to patriotism and ask everyone – businessmen, workmen, farmers, bankers, millionaires, school-teachers, immigrants, housewives and children – to do their part by reducing consumption and purchasing bonds. (3) The entire effort would rely upon volunteer labor. The men and women who could not go into military service would constitute a “financial front…the economic equivalent of the military front.” I argue that the combination of the class tax and the Liberty Loan Campaign was a great success. It temporarily increased the national saving rate above the long-run level observed before and after the war and moderated the war-time price inflation.
Impact of wolf hunting policy on moose populations in northern Minnesota

An ongoing and politically sensitive aspect of proper ecological stewardship revolves around improving the conditions and health of all of the species in the area of concern including both predator and prey species. Human industrial activities have 20 dramatically reduced the land area available to the native species which has placed stresses and fragility into the ecological web. Maintaining proper ecological dynamics has become a critical aspect of policy initiatives designed to safeguard our natural reserves including the establishment of ecological forests and sanctuaries. Herein we outline our proposal to tackle a central issue in wildlife management: improving our 25 knowledge of predator-prey dynamics that vary both temporally and specially in nonlinear ways. By leveraging techniques pioneered in other disciplines in addition to the traditional methods, we aim to drastically improve our understanding of the Moose-Grey Wolf interaction and to develop a system with applicability in other regions and other species. 30
Impact of crossing technique on the incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction during chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention.

Objectives We sought to evaluate the impact of crossing strategy on the incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) during chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: The optimal technique for crossing coronary CTOs remains controversial. Methods: We retrospectively examined the incidence of PMI among 184 consecutive patients who underwent CTO PCI at our institution between 2012 and 2015. Creatine kinase-myocardial band fraction (CK-MB) and troponin were measured before and after PCI in all patients. PMI was defined as CK-MB increase ≥3× upper limit of normal (ULN). Results: Mean age was 65 ± 8 years, 98% of patients were men, 57% had diabetes mellitus, 36% were current smokers, 38% had prior heart failure, 31% had prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), and 55% had prior PCI. The retrograde approach was used in 38% of cases. As compared with antegrade wire escalation and antegrade dissection/re-entry, use of the retrograde approach was associated with higher J-CTO (Multicenter CTO Registry of Japan) scores (P < 0.0001), higher frequency of moderate or severe calcification (P = 0.0061), longer CTO length (P < 0.0001), more frequent proximal cap ambiguity (P < 0.0001), and lower technical (P = 0.0007) and procedural (P = 0.0014) success. The frequency of PMI for the antegrade-only and retrograde cases was 10% and 33%, respectively (P = 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, use of the retrograde approach and moderate/severe calcification were independently associated with higher incidence of PMI. Conclusions: As compared with antegrade-only crossing techniques, the retrograde approach is used in patients with more complex anatomy but may carry higher risk for PMI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zelda Foster: a social work mentor's legacy.

(2007). Zelda Foster. Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 47-56.
Optimal Flight of Rufous Hummingbirds in Hover: An Experimental Investigation

An analysis of the flow structures around a hummingbird wing in hovering flight was performed over a range of Reynolds numbers (1750≤Re≤25000) using a two degree-of-freedom, scaled robotic hummingbird model, designed to replicate the kinematics of a Rufous hummingbird. Particle-Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used to obtain planar velocity data at the mid-plane during mid-downstroke. Similar flow features including an attached Leading Edge Vortex (LEV) were observed over the entire range of Reynolds numbers. Force calculations were carried out using measurements of circulation around the wing to compare the lift forces to those of real birds. A peak in the lift coefficient was observed near the flight Reynolds number of the bird, pointing to the possibility that the hummingbird might hover to maximize the lift coefficient.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HYDROLYSIS RATES OF 2′-DEOXYADENOSINE AND ADENOSINE 5′-TRIPHOSPHATES AND 5′-DIPHOSPHATES

Abstract Rates of hydrolysis of 2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate and 5′-diphosphate, dATP and dADP, are measured in 0.01 M aqueous solutions at 70°C, in the pH range 0–9, and are compared with previously obtained data for adenosine 5′-triphosphate and 5′-diphosphate, ATP and ADP. Above pH 5 the hydrolysis involves mainly, or exclusively, a cleavage of the polyphosphate chain, probably by an elimination-addition mechanism via the monomeric metaphosphate ion, PO3 −, from the tetraanion, dATP4- and the trianion, dATPH3-. The effect of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions on the rate of hydrolysis is similar to the effect of these cations on the rate of hydrolysis of ATP. In the pH range 0–4, the hydrolysis involves primarily a cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond to adenine and deoxyribose polyphosphate. This reaction is much faster for the 2′-deoxyribonucleotides containing a purine ring than for the ribonucleotide analogs.
Sleep Disturbances and Critical Illness

Sleep disturbances are common in the intensive care unit setting. This article describes the causal factors associated with alterations in sleep in the intensive care setting, effects of sleep disturbances for patients, and strategies to mitigate sleep disturbances. A review of normal sleep architecture is provided, as is a discussion of the methods of measuring sleep in the critical care setting.
Abstract 1308: ERRβ ligand DY131 regulation of the hedgehog signaling pathway by modulation of Akt phosphorylation.

Nuclear receptor family member, Estrogen Related Receptor β (ERRβ), and hedgehog (Hh)-signaling are reported to be significant for both tumorigenesis and stem cell maintenance. ERRβ itself is a crucial factor in inducing pluripotent stem cells. Here we investigate the hypothesis that ERRβ can interact with Hh signaling pathway, and modulation of ERRβ can influence Hh signaling. NIH3T3 and HEK293 cells, transfected with a Gli response element driven luciferase reporter, were treated with different concentrations of DY131, a synthetic ERRβ ligand, in the presence or absence of exogenous ERRβ. We monitored the Gli reporter activity, as well as Gli1, Akt and phosphorylated Akt via western blot. Results: We found that DY131 inhibited Hh signaling activity when the pathway was activated by hedgehog peptide-conditioned medium, or the Smoothened Agonist (SAG), with an IC50 of 500nM. We also found that in HEK293 cells, where Gli reporter activity cannot be activated by either conditioned medium or SAG, DY131 dose dependently increased both endogenous and exogenous Gli1-induced reporter activity up to 4 fold. In addition, the transfection of ERRβ potentiated DY131’s effect on Gli reporter activity up to 7 fold. Western blot results, which are consistent with Gli reporter activity in both cell lines, showed that when Hh signaling is activated by Hedgehog peptide-conditioned medium, DY131 decreased Gli1 protein concentration; however when Hh signaling is not activated by conditioned medium, DY131 increases the concentration of Gli1 protein. Phosphorylated Akt, which is a non-canonical activator of Gli1, is up-regulated when Gli1 concentration increases, and down-regulated when the cells are treated with DY131. Conclusion: Our results suggest a new level of regulation by ERRβ on the Hh-signaling pathway. ERRβ, induced by DY131, can modulate Akt9s regulation of Gli1. Additionally, our results indicate that modulation of ERRβ, via ERRβ selective drugs like DY131, may serve as a new target for Hh-driven cancer treatment. Citation Format: Yuan Lu, Benjamin R. Merideth, Hui Lin, Dennis B. Lubahn. ERRβ ligand DY131 regulation of the hedgehog signaling pathway by modulation of Akt phosphorylation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1308. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1308
Spontaneous isolated mesenteric fibromatosis. Report of a case.

A rate case of spontaneous isolated mesenteric fibromatosis (mesenteric desmoid) unassociated with Gardner's syndrome or prior abdominal surgery is presented. Computed tomography revealed a nonenhancing, well-defined, large, soft-tissue mass in the mesentery. The clinical and radiographic features of mesenteri fibromatosis are reviewed and the differential diagnosis is discussed.
Development of a High-Fidelity Time-Dependent Aero-Structural Capability for Analysis and Design

The development of a tightly coupled aeroelastic simulation capability for analysis and design is described in this paper. The method makes use of a well established unstructured mesh computational fluid dynamics solver, combined with a recently developed structural dynamics code. These two disciplinary codes are coupled through a fluid-structure interface and a mesh deformation capability. The discrete adjoint for all disciplinary software components has also been implemented with the goal of enabling time-dependent aeroelastic optimization. The individual disciplinary components are validated both in analysis and adjoint mode. Subsequently, the coupled aeroelastic analysis capability is demonstrated for both static and dynamic problems. Based on the validation and performance of these components, the future development of a time dependent coupled aeroelastic adjoint optimization capability is described.
Feasibility analysis on high voltage ride-through of wind turbines

With the rapid increase of wind farms,sets of specific requirements have been established or are being developed.The objective of these grid guidelines is to ensure wind farms not adversely affecting the power system.The control strategies and theories on low voltage ride through(LVRT) have been focused on for a long time,but how to deal with high voltage ride through is seldom discussed.The main types of wind turbine are introduced;the major grid requirements of high voltage ride through(HVRT) are discussed in this paper.The capability of HVRT for current wind farms is introduced.The technology and its implementation of the HVRT of wind turbines are focused on.The technical feasibility to increase the capacity of HVRT for wind turbines and the cost are analyzed in detail.The simulation results show that the methods proposed in this paper are available.
Evolutionary Biology, History of

Although the study of evolution is most closely associated with Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the nineteenth century, it was not associated with a unifying or integrative scientific discipline until the evolutionary synthesis of the 1930s and 1940s, when genetics and Darwinian selection theory were properly synthesized and the ‘synthetic theory’ of evolution was established. In addition to laying down the central concerns of modern day evolutionary biologists, the emergence of evolutionary biology also included the establishment of an international journal, a society named The Society for the Study of Evolution, and a scientific identity defined by the term ‘evolutionary biologist.’
Clinical Outcomes Following Corticosteroid Administration in Patients with Delayed Diagnosis of Spinal Arteriovenous Fistulas (P6.076)

Objective: We examined a case series of SAVF patients treated with epidural, oral or intravenous steroids to determine how steroids affect clinical outcomes in these patients. Background: Spinal arteriovenous fistulas (SAVF) are frequently misdiagnosed clinically and by imaging as inflammatory or autoimmune diseases such as neuromyelitis optica, transverse myelitis or multiple sclerosis. Because of the frequent misdiagnosis of these lesions, SAVF patients are sometimes treated with high doses of oral and intravenous steroids in an attempt to provide symptomatic relief. Methods: We studied a consecutive series of patients with SAVFs who received intravenous, oral or epidural steroid injections. The following baseline data were obtained: age, gender, length of delay in diagnosis, route of steroid administration, and patient reported outcome following steroid administration. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results: Results: A total of 21 patients were included in this study, 20 with spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas and one with a spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula. Thirteen patients (61.9[percnt]) had intravenous methylprednisolone administered, four patients (19.0[percnt]) had epidural steroid injections and six patients (28.6[percnt]) had oral prednisone. Among patients who received IV methylprednisolone, 7 (53.8[percnt]) reported acute worsening of symptoms upon administration of steroids. Among patients receiving epidural steroids, no patients reported worsening and one patient reported short-term relief. Among patients receiving oral steroids, one patient reported acute worsening of symptoms. Worsened deficits did not consistently resolved after steroid discontinuation. Conclusions: Our study suggests that IV methylprednisolone can cause acute worsening of motor and sensory symptoms when administered to SAVF patients. Acute deterioration after administration of IV steroids for presumptive inflammatory spinal cord conditions, should raise the suspicion of an underlying SAVF. Steroid administration should be avoided in patients with a myelopathy secondary to an untreated SAVF because neurological worsening may not be fully reversible. Disclosure: Dr. Nasr has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rabinstein has received royalty payments from Elsevier and Oxford University Press. Dr. Rabinstein has received research support from DJO Global. Dr. Lanzino has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brinjikji has nothing to disclose.
Hemostatic Matrix (FloSeal) as Treatment for Urethral Crush Injury After Failure of Traditional Hemostatic Technique

We report a case of traumatic arterial hemorrhage from the posterior urethral artery, refractory to traditional hemostatic technique, and successfully managed with intraurethral thrombin hemostatic matrix (FloSeal [Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, Illinois, US]). We believe that this demonstrates a safe, effective therapy for urethral hemorrhage that may be accomplished by Emergency Physicians and may preclude the need for more invasive hemorrhage control strategies.
Free and Glucuronide Whole Blood Cannabinoids' Pharmacokinetics after Controlled Smoked, Vaporized, and Oral Cannabis Administration in Frequent and Occasional Cannabis Users: Identification of Recent Cannabis Intake.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in markers of recent cannabis use because following frequent cannabis intake, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) may be detected in blood for up to 30 days. The minor cannabinoids cannabidiol, cannabinol (CBN), and THC-glucuronide were previously detected for ≤2.1 h in frequent and occasional smokers9 blood after cannabis smoking. Cannabigerol (CBG), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THCV might also be recent use markers, but their blood pharmacokinetics have not been investigated. Additionally, while smoking is the most common administration route, vaporization and edibles are frequently used. METHODS: We characterized blood pharmacokinetics of THC, its phase I and phase II glucuronide metabolites, and minor cannabinoids in occasional and frequent cannabis smokers for 54 (occasional) and 72 (frequent) hours after controlled smoked, vaporized, and oral cannabis administration. RESULTS: Few differences were observed between smoked and vaporized blood cannabinoid pharmacokinetics, while significantly greater 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH) and THCCOOH-glucuronide concentrations occurred following oral cannabis. CBG and CBN were frequently identified after inhalation routes with short detection windows, but not detected following oral dosing. Implementation of a combined THC ≥5 μg/L plus THCCOOH/11-hydroxy-THC ratio CONCLUSIONS: Vaporization and smoking provide comparable cannabinoid delivery. CBG and CBN are recent-use cannabis markers after cannabis inhalation, but their absence does not exclude recent use. Multiple, complimentary criteria should be implemented in conjunction with impairment observations to improve interpretation of cannabinoid tests. Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02177513
Mechanical Ventricular Assistance Rescues Endocardial Thrombomodulin Expression and May Restore Thromboresistance.

Abstract Heart failure is associated with a significant risk for thrombosis and an increased risk for thromboembolic events. Disturbance in blood flow, endothelial dysfunction or injury, and a hypercoagulable state are each present in heart failure and may contribute to the prothrombotic milieu. More recent evidence has linked heart failure with an active thrombogenic state, as demonstrated by elevated levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes, prothrombin fragment F1+2, and fibrinopeptide A, all indices of thrombin activation. Thrombomodulin (TM), an integral membrane protein found on the endocardial endothelium (EE), is a potent thrombin inhibitor via activation of the protein C pathway. We hypothesized that the loss of thromboresistance on the ventricular endocardium, which has previously been described in cardiomyopathy, would be restored by placement of a temporary ventricular assistance device (VAD). Using left ventricular apical tissue obtained from heart failure subjects (CHF) undergoing a VAD as a bridge to heart transplant (n=4), and then from apical tissue of the same subjects at the time of explantation (post-VAD), we quantified TM protein expression using an anti-human TM antibody on EE by digital immunohistochemical analysis. TM expression levels were expressed as arbitrary units (AU) reaching signal intensity threshold per millimeter (mm) of left ventricular (LV) perimeter (AU/mm). Control TM staining of LV endocardial segments (n=2) obtained from the apex of normal hearts not used for transplantation after being excised from potential donors was 1482 and 1587 AU/mm (avg=1534 AU/mm). In CHF cardiac tissue obtained at the time of VAD placement (pre-VAD), TM protein expression on the ventricular EE of the LV apex was markedly decreased compared to control (275±67 AU/mm, p
The emerging phenotype of late-onset Pompe disease: A systematic literature review.

Abstract Background Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal glycogen-hydrolyzing enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA). The adult-onset form, late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD), has been characterized by glycogen accumulation primarily in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles, causing weakness of the proximal limb girdle and respiratory muscles. However, increased scientific study of LOPD continues to enhance understanding of an evolving phenotype. Purpose To expand our understanding of the evolving phenotype of LOPD since the approval of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with alglucosidase alfa (Myozyme™/Lumizyme™) in 2006. Methods All articles were included in the review that provided data on the charactertistics of LOPD identified via the PubMed database published since the approval of ERT in 2006. All signs and symptoms of the disease that were reported in the literature were identified and included in the review. Results We provide a comprehensive review of the evolving phenotype of LOPD. Our findings support and extend the knowledge of the multisystemic nature of the disease. Conclusions With the advent of ERT and the concurrent increase in the scientific study of LOPD, the condition once primarily conceptualized as a limb-girdle muscle disease with prominent respiratory involvement is increasingly recognized to be a condition that results in signs and symptoms across body systems and structures.
Demonstrations and Applications of the Matching Law in Education

Within educational settings, at any given moment students may choose to engage in assigned academic tasks or other in non-educational activities. The matching law describes and predicts choice behavior. Researchers have used the principles of the matching law to investigate the effects of reinforcement rate, quality, and immediacy as well as response effort on student choice behavior. Results have produced a knowledge base that may allow educators to increase the probability of students choosing to engage in assigned tasks. In the current paper, matching theory and research is reviewed along with descriptions of strategies and procedures that can be used to alter students' behavior within classroom environments. Directions for future applied and application research are provided.
Predicting Complications Following Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy with the ACS NSQIP® Universal Surgical Risk Calculator

Purpose: We evaluated the predictive value of the ACS NSQIP® (American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program®) surgical risk calculator in a tertiary referral cohort of patients who underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.Materials and Methods: We queried our prospectively maintained, multi-institutional database of patients treated with robot-assisted partial nephrectomy and input the preoperative details of 300 randomly selected patients into the calculator. Accuracy of the calculator was assessed by the ROC AUC and the Brier score.Results: The observed rate of any complication in our cohort was 14% while the mean predicted rate of any complication using the calculator was 5.42%. The observed rate of serious complications (Clavien score 3 or greater) was 3.67% compared to the predicted rate of 4.89%. Low AUC and high Brier score were calculated for any complication (0.51 and 0.1272) and serious complications (0.55 and 0.0352, respectively). The calculated AUC was low for...
Osteoporosis in Cardiopulmonary, Kidney and Liver Disorders

Osteoporosis coexists with other chronic diseases to provide what some authors have termed “multimorbidity” interactions. This chapter focuses on four chronic diseases—cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions as well as kidney and liver disorders. As with osteoporosis, these conditions are associated with aging, even if aging, as in the case of cystic fibrosis, begins as early as adolescence. In each case, either the condition itself or its treatment may lead to new-onset osteoporosis, exacerbate existing osteoporosis, or increase fracture risk even when an individual’s BMD would not suggest a risk. For example, low bone mineral bone density and vitamin D deficiency are associated with COPD, while its treatment including prolonged use of oral corticosteroids can induce osteoporosis. In aspects of liver failure, fractures can occur even with moderate declines in BMD, generally not in the range when fractures would otherwise occur. In the diseases selected, this chapter will examine the prevalence of one condition in consort with the other, the impact of the interaction of these conditions, and the drug–disease interactions.
Mutual coupling analysis for colocated MIMO radar applications using CEM modeling

In this paper, mutual coupling is analyzed from calculations of the active voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and the reflected power of a coherent colocated Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) radar when random phase coded waveforms are transmitted. The scattering matrices of a colocated MIMO radar antenna array were obtained from computational electromagnetic (CEM) modeling methods. A Monte Carlo simulation of 10,000 realizations was used to produce time-varying random phase codes and estimate distributions for the VSWR and reflected power.
β-adrenergic signaling in mice housed at standard temperatures suppresses an effector phenotype in CD8+ T cells and undermines checkpoint inhibitor therapy

The immune context of tumors has significant prognostic value and is predictive of responsiveness to several forms of therapy, including immunotherapy. We report here that CD8+ T cell frequency and functional orientation within the tumor microenvironment is regulated by β2-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling in host immune cells. We used three strategies - physiologic (manipulation of ambient thermal environment), pharmacologic (β-blockers), and genetic (β2-adrenergic receptor knockout mice) to reduce adrenergic stress signaling in two widely studied preclinical mouse tumor models. Reducing β-AR signaling facilitated conversion of tumors to an immunologically active tumor microenvironment with increased intra-tumoral frequency of CD8+ T cells with an effector phenotype and decreased expression of PD-1, in addition to an elevated effector CD8+ T cell to CD4+ regulatory T cell ratio (IFN-γ+CD8+:Treg). Moreover, this conversion significantly increased the efficacy of anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade. These data highlight the potential of adrenergic stress and norepinephrine-driven β-adrenergic receptor signaling to regulate the immune status of the tumor microenvironment and supports the strategic use of clinically available β-blockers in patients to improve responses to immunotherapy.
Reflections on Los Alamos infrasound research

Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory began work in infrasound research in 1982 under Department of Energy funding. This beginning was to investigate the generation and propagation of surface ground motion generated atmospheric infrasound signals. Infrasound arrays were operated to measure the infrasound signals at near regional distances. The program was successful and continued until the end of US underground nuclear testing in 1992. During this time, data were collected on earthquakes, bolides and on various man-made high explosive tests. As work on the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was continuing, Los Alamos, working with Sandia National Laboratory, fielded a prototype infrasound array following Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty guidelines, which operated from mid 1997 to 2007. More recent work emphasizes seismo-acoustic research in explosion monitoring, improving infrasound propagation models for better source location and analysis and the development of Python based tools. In this talk, I will highlight some aspects of the earlier and current Los Alamos activity.Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory began work in infrasound research in 1982 under Department of Energy funding. This beginning was to investigate the generation and propagation of surface ground motion generated atmospheric infrasound signals. Infrasound arrays were operated to measure the infrasound signals at near regional distances. The program was successful and continued until the end of US underground nuclear testing in 1992. During this time, data were collected on earthquakes, bolides and on various man-made high explosive tests. As work on the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was continuing, Los Alamos, working with Sandia National Laboratory, fielded a prototype infrasound array following Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty guidelines, which operated from mid 1997 to 2007. More recent work emphasizes seismo-acoustic research in explosion monitoring, improving infrasound propagation models for better source location and analysis and the development of Python based tools. In thi...
Chiari type I malformation in children.

The diagnosis of Chiari type I malformation (CIM) is more and more frequent in clinical practice due to the wide diffusion of magnetic resonance imaging. In many cases, such a diagnosis is made incidentally in asymptomatic patients, as including children investigated for different reasons such as mental development delay or sequelae of brain injury. The large number of affected patients, the presence of asymptomatic subjects, the uncertainties surrounding the pathogenesis of the malformation, and the different options for its surgical treatment make the management of CIM particularly controversial.
Improving the understanding of provenance and reproducibility of a multi-sensor merged climate data record

Multi-decadal climate data records are critical to studying climate variability and change. These often also require merging data from multiple instruments such as those from NASA's A-Train that contain measurements covering a wide range of atmospheric conditions and phenomena. Multi-decadal climate data record of water vapor measurements from sensors on A-Train, operational weather, and other satellites are being assembled from existing data sources, or produced from well-established methods published in peer-reviewed literature. However, the immense volume and inhomogeneity of data often requires an "exploratory computing" approach to product generation where data is processed in a variety of different ways with varying algorithms, parameters, and code changes until an acceptable product is generated. Furthermore, the data product information associated with source data, processing methods, parameters used, intermediate & final product outputs, and associated materials are often hidden in each of the trials and scattered throughout the processing system(s). We will present methods to help users better capture and explore the production legacy of the data, metadata, ancillary files, code, and computing environment changes used during the production of these merged and multi-sensor data products. By building provenance services on semantic and provenance technologies, we show how to leverage provenance-as-a-service to capture sufficient information to enable users to track processing, perform faceted searches on the provenance record, and visualize the provenance of the products and processing lineage. We will also present services for capturing sufficient provenance information and the associated artifacts to enable some reproducibility of these climate data records.
Boys' Experimentation and Persistence in Developmental Pathways Toward Serious Delinquency

We expand on earlier work documenting developmental pathways in disruptive child behavior towards serious forms of delinquency in boys. Three pathways we hypothesized in our previous work: (a) An Authority Conflict Pathway prior to the age of 12, that starts with stubborn behavior, and has defiance as a second stage, and authority avoidance as a third stage; (b) A Covert Pathway that starts with minor convert acts, has property damage as a second stage, and moderate to serious delinquency as a third stage; and (c) An Overt Pathway that starts with minor aggression, has physical fighting as a second stage, and violence as a third stage. We now refine this work by distinguishing between boys who experiment and those who persist in disruptive behavior. Data are presented showing that the fit for the three pathways is better for persisters than for experimenters. Also, the proportion of persisters that enter each pathway at the first stage (rather than at later stages) is higher than that for experimenters. Penetration in each pathway was more common among boys who received a diagnosis of Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder. Boys' rate of offending increased with penetration into pathways and with persistence on more than one pathway. Boys' persistence and advancement in the Overt or the Covert Pathway was almost invariably accompanied by their advancement in the Authority Conflict Pathway. The classification of boys according to persistence and pathways accounted for the majority of high rate offenders, according to both self-report and court adjudicated offenses.