cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ELECTRIC IMPEDANCE OF NITELLA DURING ACTIVITY.

The changes in the alternating current impedance which occur during activity of cells of the fresh water plant Nitella have been measured with the current flow normal to the cell axis, at eight frequencies from 0.05 to 20 kilocycles per second, and with simultaneous records of the action potential under the impedance electrodes. At each frequency the resting cell was balanced in a Wheatstone bridge with a cathode ray oscillograph, and after electrical stimulation at one end of the cell, the changes in the complex impedance were determined from the bridge unbalance recorded by motion pictures of the oscillograph figure. An extension of the previous technique of interpretation of the transverse impedance shows that the normal membrane capacity of 0.9 µf./cm.2 decreases about 15 per cent without change of phase angle, while the membrane resistance decreases from 105 ohm cm.2 to about 500 ohm cm.2 during the passage of the excitation wave. This membrane change occurs during the latter part of the rising phase of the action potential, and it is shown that the membrane electromotive force remains unchanged until nearly the same time. The part of the action potential preceding these membrane changes is probably a passive fall of potential ahead of a partial short circuit.
Nursing Home Staff Turnover: Impact on Nursing Home Compare Quality Measures

Purpose: We used data from a large sample of nursing homes to examine the association between staff turnover and quality. Design and Methods: The staff turnover measures came from primary data collected from 2,840 nursing homes in 2004 (representing a 71% response rate). Data collection included measures for nurse aides, licensed practical nurses, and registered nurses. We examined 14 indicators of care quality that came from the Nursing Home Compare Web site. Results: We found that reducing turnover from high to medium levels was associated with increased quality, but the evidence was mixed regarding the quality improvements from further lowering turnover to low levels. Implications: Our investigation shows that the relationship between turnover and quality might not be linear. Nevertheless, in general, high turnover is associated with poor quality.
Why did Canada sit out of the Iraq war? One constructivist analysis

Why did Canada stay out of the Iraq War in 2003? This decision is not only puzzling considering Canada's recent foreign policy record, but it also confounds the logic of a number of International Relations theories. In this paper, I offer a constructivist explanation of Canada's Iraq decision. In this account, national identity is a function of state‐to‐society relations, meaning that the dominant discourse at the societal level in a given period will shape foreign policy choices. I argue that the dominant discourse on Canadian identity, as recovered in an analysis of popular texts in Canadian society in 2002–2003, enabled Ottawa's non‐participation in the US‐led coalition of the willing.
Mouse Cytomegalovirus Crosses the Species Barrier with Help from a Few Human Cytomegalovirus Proteins

Strong species specificity and similar tropisms suggest mouse cytomegalovirus (mCMV) as a potential vector for transgenes into human cells. We reexamined the dogma that mouse cytomegalovirus cannot productively replicate in human cells and found that mouse cytomegalovirus can produce infectious particles albeit at a level that does not sustain an infection. This finding demonstrates that mouse cytomegalovirus can undergo all processes of its life cycle in human cells but may not be well adapted to circumvent the human cell's intrinsic defenses. The suppression of mCMV production in human cells is affected at several levels, which additively or synergistically result in the appearance of species specificity. Hydrolysis of most newly replicated viral DNA and very low capsid protein transcription reduced the potential particle production to insignificant levels. These effects can be ameliorated by adding human cytomegalovirus tegument proteins and immediate-early protein 1. They function synergistically to produce significant amounts of mCMV in human cells. While the possibility that mouse cytomegalovirus might replicate in human cells raises caution in the use of this virus as a transgene vector, manipulation of the mouse cytomegalovirus genome to allow limited spread to other human cells might also provide an advantage for the distribution of certain transgenic products.
Bioavailability and antioxidant effects of orange juice components in humans.

Seven healthy females and six males consumed daily 256 mg vitamin C, 229 mg hesperidin (main flavonoid occurring as glycoside), 6 mg carotenoids (mainly luteins and cryptoxanthins), and 0.16 mg folate by incorporation of daily 236 mL of not-from-concentrate orange juice (OJ) into their habitual diet. At the end of three weeks mean vitamin C, folate, carotenoid, and flavanone plasma concentrations increased significantly relative to baseline by 59% (p<0.001), 46% (p=0.018), and 22% (p<0.001), and 8 fold (p=0.045), respectively. Flavanones were excreted in urine 9 fold more at the end of the intervention (p=0.01) but returned to baseline two days after study completion. After the 3-week intervention plasma concentrations of vitamins A and E did not change. 8-Hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) in white blood cells declined by 16% (p=0.38; n=11), and in individuals with high baseline concentrations by 29% (p=0.36; n=7), respectively. LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio decreased but cholesterol (HDL, LDL, total) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance plasma concentrations did not change significantly. We conclude from this pilot study that OJ is an excellent food source to enhance circulating concentrations of valuable hydrophilic as well as lipophilic phytochemicals.
Communication: Microsecond dynamics of the protein and water affect electron transfer in a bacterial bc1 complex

Cross-membrane electron transport between cofactors localized in proteins of mitochondrial respiration and bacterial photosynthesis is the source of all biological energy. The statistics and dynamics of nuclear fluctuations in these protein/membrane/water heterogeneous systems are critical for their energetic efficiency. The results of 13 μs of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of the membrane-bound bc1 bacterial complex are analyzed here. The reaction is affected by a broad spectrum of nuclear modes, with the slowest dynamics in the range of time-scales ∼0.1-1.6 μs contributing half of the reaction reorganization energy. Two reorganization energies are required to describe protein electron transfer due to dynamical arrest of protein conformations on the observation window. This mechanistic distinction allows significant lowering of activation barriers for reactions in proteins.
Research With Stored Biological Samples: What Do Research Participants Want?

Methods: We analyzed 1670 consent forms signed by research participants at the Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, between January 1, 2000, and May 31, 2002, that offer options for future research with participants’ biological samples. The research participants were healthy volunteers, family members of affected individuals, and individuals with a broadrangeofmedicalconditionsenrolledinclinicalresearch studies with and without the prospect of direct medical benefit. Results: Overall, 87.1% of research participants given theoptionchosetoauthorizefutureresearchonanymedical condition. More than 85% permitted unlimited futureresearchwiththeirstoredbiologicalsamplesregardless of sex, age, geographic location, or whether the individual was affected by the disease being studied or a healthy volunteer. Only 6.7% of those given the option to refuse all future research did so. Although African Americans were less likely to permit future research, 75.0% of African Americans still authorized unlimited future research with their samples. Conclusions:Mostresearchparticipantsauthorizetheunlimitedfutureresearchuseoftheirbiologicalsampleswhen giventheopportunitytodoso.Thesefindingssuggestthat providingresearchparticipantswithasimplebinarychoice to authorize or refuse all future research might allow individuals to control use of their samples, simplify consent forms, and allow important research to proceed. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:652-655
Access pattern restructuring for memory energy

Improving memory energy consumption of programs that manipulate arrays is an important problem as these codes spend large amounts of energy in accessing off-chip memory. We propose a data-driven strategy to optimize the memory energy consumption in a banked memory system. Our compiler-based strategy modifies the original execution order of loop iterations in array-dominated applications to increase the length of the time period(s) in which memory banks are idle (i.e., not accessed by any loop iteration). To achieve this, it first classifies loop iterations according to their bank accesses patterns and then, with the help of a polyhedral tool, tries to bring the iterations with similar bank access patterns close together. Increasing the idle periods of memory banks brings two major benefits: first, it allows us to place more memory banks into low-power operating modes and, second, it enables us to use a more aggressive (i.e., more energy saving) operating mode (hence, saving more energy) for a given bank (instead of a less aggressive mode). The proposed strategy can reduce memory energy consumption in both sequential and parallel applications. Our strategy has been implemented in an experimental compiler using a polyhedral tool and evaluated using nine array-dominated applications on both a cacheless system and a system with cache memory. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed strategy is very successful in reducing the memory system energy and improves the memory energy by as much as 36.8 percent over a strategy that uses low-power modes without optimizing data access pattern. Our results also show that optimizations that target reducing off-chip memory energy can generate very different results from those that target at improving only cache locality.
DELAY OF CREEP BUCKLING AND OF PROBABILISTIC FAILURES OF LINEAR VISCOELASTIC PLATES THROUGH PIEZOELECTRIC CONTROL

Analyses and computational simulations are carried out for creep buckling and stochastic delamination onset failures of viscoelastic plates under piezo-viscoelastic control. Creep buckling times and probabilities of failure are determined and design criteria based on critical times and/or times to reach preassigned levels of failure probabilities are examined. It is shown that piezoelectric control can be effectively used to delay, but not always eliminate, creep buckling and delamination onset. The failure theory considers combined effects of bending, shear, compression and interlaminar stresses and delamination onset may occur at smaller in-plane loads than critical buckling loads in elastic plates and at shorter viscoelastic lifetimes. Post buckling behavior of viscoelastic plates leads to continued load carrying abilities, but with diminishing lifetimes due to viscoelastic failures unless piezoelectric control is used to extend such lifetimes and to diminish their corresponding failure probabilities.
Equine endometrial cytology: Collection techniques and interpretation

Summary Endometritis is an important cause of reproductive pathology in the horse. Endometrial cytology preparations from unguarded swabs, guarded swabs or brushes, cap of a guarded swab, low volume lavage or even an endometrial biopsy sample can be utilised to rapidly evaluate uterine health. These cells can easily be stained with a modified Wright's stain and evaluated for the presence or absence of inflammatory cells and pathogens. Commonly visualised cell types are easily identified with a traditional light microscope at 400× or 1000× magnification. This technique provides an easy and rapid way to diagnose endometritis in the horse.
Global growth and distribution: Are China and India reshaping the world?

Over the past 20 years, aggregate measures of global inequality have changed little even if significant structural changes have been observed. High growth rates of China and India lifted millions out of poverty, while the stagnation in many African countries caused them to fall behind. Using the World Bank's LINKAGE global general equilibrium model and the newly developed Global Income Distribution Dynamics (GIDD) tool, this paper assesses the distribution and poverty effects of a scenario where these trends continue in the future. Even by anticipating a deceleration, growth in China and India is a key force behind the expected convergence of per-capita incomes at the global level. Millions of Chinese and Indian consumers will enter into a rapidly emerging global middle class-a group of people who can afford, and demand access to, the standards of living previously reserved mainly for the residents of developed countries. Notwithstanding these positive developments, fast growth is often characterized by high urbanization and growing demand for skills, both of which result in widening of income distribution within countries. These opposing distributional effects highlight the importance of analyzing global disparities by taking into account - as the GIDD does - income dynamics between and within countries.
Errors associated with the design, calibration and application of piezoresistive stress sensors in (100) silicon

Successful application of piezoresistive sensors for stress measurement requires both properly designed sensors and accurately calibrated values of the piezoresistive coefficients as well as a knowledge of potential sources of error that may be encountered during sensor application. In this work, results of analyses of errors associated with the design, calibration and application of piezoresistive stress sensors fabricated on (100) silicon are presented. In particular, sensor rotational alignment errors during fabrication and resistance measurements errors during calibration have strong effects on the values of the piezoresistive coefficients that are extracted from the calibration process. Also, calibration errors induced by mismatches in the resistor values and/or the actual piezoresistive coefficients of the various resistors in a sensor rosette have been quantified, and the importance of using data acquired only from well-matched resistor rosettes is demonstrated. Finally, it is shown that temperature measurement errors play a pivotal role in determining accuracy of the results obtained during calibration and application of these sensors. >
Passive Telemetric Readout System

A technique for remote query monitoring of environmental parameters such as pressure, humidity, complex permittivity, temperature, strain, and gases such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ammonia is presented. Resonant peak passive telemetry is used for wireless remote monitoring. The resonance frequency of an inductor-capacitor sensor circuit changes with the surrounding environmental parameter, and a detector circuitry, which employs a loop antenna, is used to remotely identify the resonance frequency. Mutual coupling between the antenna and the sensor inductor enables wireless monitoring. Various detection techniques available for monitoring the sensor resonance frequency are examined, and a new method is presented for automated and continuous wireless detection of sensor resonance frequency. Results are presented for different sensor resonance frequencies using various sensor capacitance values. The designed system can effectively detect sensor resonance frequency variation in the range of 20 kHz-10 MHz with the highest achievable resolution of 0.01 MHz. Sensor resonance frequency changes that occur faster than 1 s cannot be detected. The automated continuous wireless remote sensor platform design provides significant advantage over past systems, and the entire design is simple, easy to use, and widely applicable for in vivo, in vitro, and in situ monitoring
The sexuality scale: An instrument to measure sexual‐esteem, sexual‐depression, and sexual‐preoccupation

This article describes the development of the Sexuality Scale, an instrument designed to measure three aspects of human sexuality: sexual‐esteem, defined as positive regard for and confidence in the capacity to experience one's sexuality in a satisfying and enjoyable way; sexual‐depression, defined as the experience of feelings of depression regarding one's sex life; and sexual‐preoccupation, defined as the tendency to think about sex to an excessive degree. The procedure involved (a) item construction, selection and subsequent validation through item analysis; and (b) a factor analysis of the items on the Sexuality Scale and the establishment of factorial validity. The results indicated that the three subscales were psychometrically sound, that males reported more sexual‐preoccupation than did females, and that the three subscales have unique intercorrelation patterns. The exploratory nature of these findings are discussed.
Demobilizing a Generation: The Behavioral Effects of the Vietnam Draft Lottery

A generation of men were assigned lottery numbers based on birth dates to determine draft status during the Vietnam War. This natural experiment offers an ideal setting to assess the behavioral and psychological effects of differential exposure to the risk of serving and dying in a politically controversial military conflict. However, a conventional analysis of these effects may be biased by out-of-sample attrition associated with lottery numbers and behavioral outcomes. We develop a novel methodological approach, maximum entropy imputation (MEI) to correct for potential attrition bias in estimating causal effects in experiments. MEI reweights observations to construct a synthetic sample from the group of ‘non-attritioners’ that near-perfectly resemble actual ‘attritioners’ in observable characteristics. We discuss the assumptions of MEI for identifying causal inferences, and present the results from a series of validation tests that assess the reasonableness of these assumptions in the context of the Vietnam draft lottery. We then employ MEI to estimate the effects of the lottery on important political outcomes in the Youth-Parent Political Socialization Study, and show that the draft lottery may have had the overall effect of disengaging the political participation of a generation of men, while simultaneously inducing more conservative political attitudes.
A mutually consistent seismic-hazard source model for southern California

Abstract A previous attempt to integrate geological, geodetic, and observed seismicity data into a probabilistic-hazard source model predicted a rate of magnitude 6 to 7 earthquakes significantly greater than that observed historically. One explanation was that the discrepancy, or apparent earthquake deficit, is an artifact of the upper magnitude limit built into the model. This was controversial, however, because removing the discrepancy required earthquakes larger than are seen in the geological record and larger than implied from empirical relationships between fault dimension and magnitude. Although several articles have addressed this issue, an alternative, integrated source model without an apparent deficit has not yet appeared. We present a simple geologically based approach for constructing such a model that agrees well with the historical record and does not invoke any unsubstantiated phenomena. The following factors are found to be influential: the b -value and minimum magnitude applied to Gutenberg-Richter seismicity; the percentage of moment released in characteristic earthquakes; a round-off error in the moment-magnitude definition; bias due to historical catalog incompleteness; careful adherence to the conservation of seismic moment rate; uncertainty in magnitude estimates obtained from empirical regressions; allowing multi-segment ruptures (cascades); and the time dependence of recurrence rates. The previous apparent deficit is shown to have resulted from a combination of these factors. None alone caused the problem nor solves it. The model presented here is relatively robust with respect to these factors.
Scenario-Based Training: Scenario Complexity

This paper presents and extends the definition of scenario complexity in support of the Next-generation Expeditionary Warfare Intelligent Training (NEW-IT) project. First, key concepts are defined ...
Miscellaneous Codling Moth Studies

Only three per cent of the larvae captured in bands treated with beta-naphthol completed their life cycle and emerged as moths. Field tests and behavior studies indicate that this chemical repels 10 to 20 per cent of the larvae. Alpha-naphthy lamine (Techn.) used in a similar manner gives promise of being as effective as bet3- naphthol. Corrugated strawboard proved the best material for chemical treatment while a combination burlap and kraft paper is more efficient than burlap, crepe, or tar paper. where untreated bands are used. Thickness was found to be an important factor in determining the efficiency of any banding material. Mature larvae are attracted to upright objects and find the tree readily in daylight but only by accident at night. Although able to successfully hibernate in leaves and in sod, larvae will not readily do so if coarse debris is present or if adequate cocooning quarters such as bands are available on the trunk. Small shrubs and bits of dead weed stems in the absence of coarse debris furnished attractive cocooning quarters for larvae. Larvae can live in buried apples for at least seven weeks, and before the soil is too solidly packed can escape through six inches of it.
Breath Methane Levels Are Increased Among Patients with Diverticulosis

Diverticulosis and its complications are important healthcare problems in the USA and throughout the Western world. While mechanisms as to how diverticulosis occurs have partially been explored, few studies examined the relationship between colonic gases such as methane and diverticulosis in humans. This study aimed to demonstrate a significant relationship between methanogenic Archaea and development of diverticulosis. Subjects who consecutively underwent hydrogen breath test at Rush University Medical Center between 2003 and 2010 were identified retrospectively through a database. Medical records were reviewed for presence of a colonoscopy report. Two hundred and sixty-four subjects were identified who had both a breath methane level measurement and a colonoscopy result. Additional demographic and clinical data were obtained with chart review. Mean breath methane levels were higher in subjects with diverticulosis compared to those without diverticulosis (7.89 vs. 4.94 ppm, p = 0.04). Methane producers (defined as those with baseline fasting breath methane level >5 ppm) were more frequent among subjects with diverticulosis compared to those without diverticulosis (50.9 vs. 34 %, p = 0.0025). When adjusted for confounders, breath methane levels and age were the two independent predictors of diverticulosis on colonoscopy with logistic regression modeling. Methanogenesis is associated with the presence of diverticulosis. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and prospectively evaluate a possible etiological role of methanogenesis and methanogenic archaea in diverticulosis.
RDF Fuzzy Querying with Relative Quantifiers

In order to deal with the fuzzy queries of RDF with relative quantifiers,an approach of querying RDF w ith relative quantifiers w as proposed, w hich can also support grouping mechanism. A linguistic hierarchy table reflecting various accuracies of fuzzy constraints w as first constructed. An extended SPARQL syntax w as hereby proposed by introducing fuzzy conditions in FILTER clause and calling GROUP BY and HAVING clauses to accomplish grouping operations over specific attributes. Tw o typical cases of fuzzy RDF querying w ith relative quantifiers w ere analyzed. On the basis,how to translate fuzzy SPARQL queries into classic SPARQL queries w as investigated so that the existing SPARQL implementations can handle the fuzzy RDF querying w ith relative quantifiers. Finally,an experimental system is developed and the experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
“I Am More Than What I Look Alike”: Asian American Women in Public School Administration

Purpose: Little research exists that examines the leadership experiences of Asian American women in public schools. This study sought to understand the meanings Asian American women school administrators have constructed out of their professional lives given the intersection of gender, race-ethnicity, and leadership. Research Method/Approach: Data collection primarily relied on semistructured in-depth interviews and informal observations with 11 building-level administrators in two demographically contrasting states in the United States. Data were analyzed through constant comparative methods, using three iterations of initial codes/surface content analysis, pattern variables development, and application to data set. Findings: The Asian American women’s paths to leadership were to a large degree emergent and personal. The women embraced a lifetime mission as to make a difference on their students’ lives and uplift the social groups embodied in their identities. They struggled with gender, racial-ethnic, a...
Immunologic Mechanisms Underlying Sepsis in the Critically Ill Surgical Patient

This article describes the range of immunologic abnormalities that follows accidental and operative trauma. The high rate of infection in critically ill postoperative patients may result from these abnormalities in host defense function. Means to recognize and correct the post-trauma immune deficiencies are discussed.
Consequential rather than ‘significant’ results

The American Statistical Association (ASA) in March 2016 released a statement with guidelines for the interpretation of statistical significance and p-values, and their place in sound scientific re...
The Search for a Leader in Aaron’s Rod

Aaron’s Rod (1922) and Kangaroo (1923), while not finished works of art like Sons and Lovers or Women in Love, are nevertheless significant novels in terms of the development of Lawrence’s thought. A contempt for mass conformity and a fear of mob rule are presented in Richard Somers’ view of democratic Australians, who, he feels, are “like a full river of life, made up of drops of water all alike” (Kangaroo 16). Somers soon decides that such an equalizing political force renders men “irresponsible,” that there must be “the categorical difference between the responsible and the irresponsible classes. You cannot fail to admit the necessity for rule” (17).
New Approach for Determining Tortuosity in Fibrous Porous Media

A method to determine tortuosity in a fibrous porous medium is proposed. A new approach for sample preparation and testing has been followed to establish a relationship between air permeability and fiberweb thickness which formed the basis for the determination of tortuosity in fibrous porous media. An empirical relationship between tortuosity and fiberweb structural properties including porosity, fiber diameter and fiberweb thickness has been proposed unlike the models in the literature which have expressed tortuosity as a function of porosity only. Transverse air flow through a fibrous porous media increasingly becomes less tortuous with increasing porosity, with the value of tortuosity approaching 1 at upper limits of porosity. Tortuosity also decreased with increase in fiber diameter whereas increase in fiberweb thickness resulted in the increase in tortuosity within the range of fiberweb thickness tested.
Intentional mechanical degradation for heat transfer recovery in flow of drag-reducing surfactant solutions

Abstract Temporary intentional mechanical degradation of surfactant solutions was investigated as a method of heat transfer recovery for heat exchangers installed in recirculating systems where surfactant solutions are used as drag-reducing additives. Heat transfer recovery is particularly important for implementation of the drag reduction technology in systems such as buildings or district heating and cooling. We studied and quantified the degradation and subsequent recovery processes associated with this heat transfer recovery technique, and the strong effect of fluid temperature on recovery. Some of the important issues for successful implementation of the approach studied here include also the efficiency of the degradation devices and the optimization of the relevant properties of surfactant solutions, which are both needed to achieve maximum overall drag reduction in the system while still maintaining sufficient heat transfer in the exchangers. These results and the concepts related to heat transfer recovery in heat exchangers are discussed in terms of practical implementation considerations and in light of the results from an associated field test conducted in a hydronic cooling system in a building.
Challenge vs. Threat: the Effect of Appraisal Type on Resource Depletion

Stress appraisals including challenge and threat have been consistently studied since the publication of Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) influential stress model, as have cognitive and emotional resource depletion. However, no study to date has examined the effect of appraisal type on resource depletion – an area with implications for the conceptualization of stress and coping in research and clinical settings. The present study utilized novel stress tasks to induce varying levels of state anxiety and prompt challenge and/or threat appraisals from participants. After the task, participants were asked to rate their current levels of cognitive depletion and emotional exhaustion. Results of a path model analysis indicated that challenge appraisals are uniquely associated with cognitive depletion, whereas threat appraisals result in both cognitive depletion and emotional exhaustion. Findings further the conceptualizations of challenge and threat appraisals and highlight the importance of managing both cognitive and emotional resources when under threat.
Health-Related Quality of Life Among U.S. Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom-Results From a Population-Based Study.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Recent studies have demonstrated health problems among veterans of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq (Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom). Veterans from these conflicts have a higher prevalence of mental disorders and physical diseases, though most studies were conducted using administrative data. Materials and Methods: This study analyzes data from the National Health Study for a New Generation of U.S. Veterans, a population-based survey that collected data on Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans between 2009 and 2011. Weighted prevalence estimates of deployed and nondeployed veterans were calculated for SF-12 general health perception and clinic and hospital visits. Weighted mean physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores were calculated by demographic and military characteristics. Weighted, adjusted odds ratios (aORs), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and prevalence estimates were calculated for physician-diagnosed medical...
How Do Self-Values Play a Role In Consumers' Perception of CSR Advertising?: The Moderated Mediation Effect Of Self-Referencing

ABSTRACT This study examined dynamic interactions among self-values leading consumers to self-reference corporate social responsibility (CSR) advertising sponsored by three industries: oil, juice, and pharmaceuticals. The findings revealed that when consumers highly valued businesses9 involvement in social causes, their motives to impress others or increase status significantly affected purchase intentions via self-referencing CSR advertising. For highly issue-involved consumers who did not believe in a business9s involvement in social causes, the status motive indirectly affected purchase intention through self-referencing in a negative direction when they viewed an oil company9s CSR advertising. This finding was not present for CSR advertisements sponsored by the other industries.
Commercial truck crash injury severity analysis using gradient boosting data mining model

Abstract Introduction Truck crashes contribute to a large number of injuries and fatalities. This study seeks to identify the contributing factors affecting truck crash severity using 2010 to 2016 North Dakota and Colorado crash data provided by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Method To fulfill a gap of previous studies, broad considerations of company and driver characteristics, such as company size and driver’s license class, along with vehicle types and crash characteristics are researched. Gradient boosting, a data mining technique, is applied to comprehensively analyze the relationship between crash severities and a set of heterogeneous risk factors. Results Twenty five variables were tested and 22 of them are identified as significant variables contributing to injury severities, however, top 11 variables account for more than 80% of injury forecasting. The relative variable importance analysis is conducted and furthermore marginal effects of all contributing factors are also illustrated in this research. Several factors such as trucking company attributes (e.g., company size), safety inspection values, trucking company commerce status (e.g., interstate or intrastate), time of day, driver’s age, first harmful events, and registration condition are found to be significantly associated with crash injury severity. Even though most of the identified contributing factors are significant for all four levels of crash severity, their relative importance and marginal effect are all different. Conclusions For the first time, trucking company and driver characteristics are proved to have significant impact on truck crash injury severity. Some of the results in this study reinforce previous studies’ conclusions. Practical applications Findings in this study can be helpful for transportation agencies to reduce injury severity, and develop efficient strategies to improve safety.
How Contact Experiences Shape Welcoming: Perspectives from U.S.-Born and Immigrant Groups:

This research examines how intergroup contact experiences—including both their frequency and their qualities (friendly, discriminatory)—predict indicators of welcoming among U.S.-born and immigrant...
Conclusion: Post-Modern Turning Away from Method

This concluding chapter considers major “turns” in the Contemporary period of Western psychology; these include: the “Linguistic Turn,” the “Performative Turn” (associated primarily with Postmodernism), the “Cognitive Turn,” and the “Historical Turn.” On the one hand, Contemporary psychology is found sufficiently embroiled in politics and culture so as to call its methodological-grounding into question and to justify a comparison with time in its history when it was inextricably entwined with ethics and morality. On the other hand, the impact of the “Cognitive Revolution” on psychology has been nearly normalizing. Thus, this chapter discusses the influence of these “turns” in the sciences and humanities on psychology, while re-emphasizing the importance of philosophical principles and incommensurabilities for the study and practice of Contemporary psychology with integrity.
Laboratory-Based Biomarkers and Liver Metastases in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

BACKGROUND Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with liver metastases have a poor prognosis. No large studies have investigated the clinical and biochemical parameters associated with liver metastases in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient data made available via Project Data Sphere were collected from 1,281 men with mCRPC who were enrolled on to three phase III clinical trials for the treatment of their disease. Multiple logistic regression was performed on eight clinical and biochemical baseline variables to test their association with the presence of liver metastases on baseline radiographic imaging. Variables of interest included prior docetaxel exposure, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase (AST), hemoglobin (HGB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prostate-specific antigen, and total bilirubin. Final models were compared when treating the variables as either continuous or categorized. RESULTS Multiple variable analysis demonstrated that an increasing serum AST or LDH or a decreasing HGB was associated with an increased probability of having documented radiographic liver metastases (p < .0001). The area under the curve for the continuous model was 0.6842 and 0.6890 for the categorical one, with the latter model containing a dichotomized AST and LDH based on the upper limit of normal and tertile ranges of HGB based on the distribution of the outcome. CONCLUSION Our analysis demonstrated a significant association between the presence of liver metastases and laboratory levels of AST, LDH, and HGB. These have implications for patient management. More research is needed to validate these biomarkers and prospectively determine their application in the clinical setting. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The purpose of this study was to evaluate biochemical and clinical biomarkers associated with the presence of liver metastases in men diagnosed with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. The results indicate that quantitative assessments of aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and hemoglobin are significantly associated with an increased probability of having documented radiographic liver metastases. Analysis of these simple variables can alert clinicians to those at high risk for prostate cancer that has spread to the liver, a finding of clear importance for clinical management.
Utilizing a Sedation Decision Aid in Ambulatory Venous Access Device Placement: Effects on Patient Choice, Workup, and Recovery Time

Abstract This study was undertaken to determine the influence of using a sedation decision aid when selecting a sedation option for totally implantable vascular access device placement on patient c...
Prevention and Public Health Perspective on Behavioral Health

It is often noted that the prevention of mental and physical disorders and the promotion of mental and physical health need to be higher priorities in American health care. This is particularly evident when taking a biopsychosocial perspective to health and health care. These topics often receive limited emphasis in traditional professional psychology education, however. Basic concepts for understanding behavioral health prevention are reviewed along with research on the effectiveness of preventive interventions. Professional psychology and other health care and human service fields need to incorporate a preventive perspective if they are going to be more effective in reducing health and social problems and improving physical and mental health and functioning.
An information extraction and representation system for rapid review of the biomedical literature.

With the rapid expansion of scientific research, the ability to effectively find or integrate new domain knowledge in the sciences is proving increasingly difficult. The development of methods and tools for assisting researchers to effectively extract problem-oriented knowledge from heterogeneous and massive information sources, and for using this knowledge in problem-solving is one of the most fundamental research directions for the information and computer sciences today. There is a need for new tools to support more precise identification of relevant research articles and provide visual clues regarding relationships among the document sets. We present the Telemakus system in which aggregated citation information and extracted research findings are displayed in a schema-based document surrogate and an interactive mapping tool provides graphical displays of research inter-relationships from documents across a domain. This system is an innovative approach to creating useful and precise document surrogates and may re-conceptualize the way we currently represent, retrieve, and assimilate research findings from the published literature.
Combined DFT and electrostatic calculations of pK a s in proteins: study of cytochrome c oxidase

Cytochrome c oxidase is a redox-driven proton pump which converts atmospheric oxygen to water and couples the oxygen reduction reaction to the creation of a membrane proton gradient. The structure of the enzyme has been solved; however, the mechanism of proton pumping is still poorly understood. Recent calculations indicate that one of the histidine ligands of the enzyme’s Cu B center, His291, may play the role of the pumping element. In this paper, we review the first principles calculations that are used to study models of the catalytic center of CcO, and calculate the pK a of the His291 residue for both the reduced and oxidized states of the catalytic center of the enzyme. We also review the structure and function of CcO, describe the proposed mechanism of proton pumping, and identify the key problems that can be addressed computationally in this area and describe the methods for their solution. The outstanding theoretical and computational challenges of the area are also discussed.
Open data informatics and data repurposing for IBD.

Biomedical ‘big data’ has opened opportunities for data repurposing to reveal new insights into complex diseases. Public data on IBD have been repurposed for novel diagnostics and therapeutics, and these datasets continue to grow. Here, we discuss the practicalities and implications of open data informatics for IBD.
The Efficacy of IV Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Restoring Cerebral Blood Flow in the Hours Immediately after Administration in Patients with Acute Stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Timely restoration of tissue-level cerebral blood flow is the goal of thrombolytic therapy in patients presenting with an acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to identify the incidence and predictors of reperfusion immediately following treatment with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rt-PA). METHODS This study included patients with acute ischemic stroke triaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and treated with IV rt-PA who were subsequently enrolled in our natural history study and underwent repeat MRI with PWI approximately 2 hours posttreatment. Early reperfusion was defined as >80% decrease in the size of initial perfusion deficit on the 2 hours follow-up MRI. Demographics, stroke risk factors, presenting National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and location of the thrombosis were compared between patients with and without early reperfusion. RESULTS Of the 49 patients included in this study, 21 (43%) had early reperfusion. The mean age for patients with early reperfusion was significantly lower in comparison to the patients without early reperfusion (64 vs. 76, P = .01). The prevalence of hyperlipidemia was significantly lower among patients with early reperfusion (24% vs. 54%, P = .036). Patients with early reperfusion were less likely to have large-vessel occlusion (LVO) (internal carotid artery terminus or proximal middle cerebral artery) (24% vs. 50%, P = .06). In a multivariate analysis, the presence of an LVO was an independent predictor of lack of early reperfusion (OR [95%Cl]: .13 [.019-.89], P = .038). CONCLUSION Early reperfusion was found in a substantial percentage of the patients treated with IV rt-PA. It was more common in patients without LVO.
The large loop-8 insert in Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-5 Cin8 is necessary and sufficient to promote noncanonical microtubule interactions

ABSTRACT Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-5 Cin8 displays unconventional biochemical behavior including bidirectional motility and ability to bind multiple motor domains per αβ tubulin dimer in the microtubule lattice. Previous research suggested that a large loop-8 insert near the microtubule binding interface of Cin8 was critical for its noncanonical microtubule binding behavior. Here we utilized mutagenesis, thermodynamic, and kinetic assays to further understand the mechanism for how this loop-8 insert promotes super-stoichiometric microtubule binding in Cin8. This loop-8 insert that interrupts the conserved β5a/b hairpin was swapped between Cin8, Eg5 (KIF11, a human kinesin-5) and Kip1 (another S. cerevisiae kinesin-5). Cin8 with the loop-8 insert from Eg5 (Cin8-EL8) binds one motor per tubulin dimer, whereas Eg5 with the loop-8 insert from Cin8 (Eg5-CL8) binds approximately 2-4 motors per tubulin dimer. Eg5-CL8 bound the canonical and noncanonical sites on the microtubule lattice with weakened oligomerization between motors, while Cin8-EL8 showed only canonical site binding. These results demonstrate that the large loop-8 insert in Cin8 is necessary and sufficient to promote noncanonical microtubule binding behavior.
Analyzing the Bitcoin Ponzi Scheme Ecosystem

This paper analyzes the supply and demand for Bitcoin-based Ponzi schemes. There are a variety of these types of scams: from long cons such as Bitcoin Savings & Trust to overnight doubling schemes that do not take off. We investigate what makes some Ponzi schemes successful and others less so. By scouring 11 424 threads on bitcointalk.org, we identify 1 780 distinct scams. Of these, half lasted a week or less. Using survival analysis, we identify factors that affect scam persistence. One approach that appears to elongate the life of the scam is when the scammer interacts a lot with their victims, such as by posting more than a quarter of the comments in the related thread. By contrast, we also find that scams are shorter-lived when the scammers register their account on the same day that they post about their scam. Surprisingly, more daily posts by victims is associated with the scam ending sooner.
Insight into restructuring of Pd-Au nanoparticles using EXAFS

Abstract We acquired Pd K-edge and Au L3-edge EXAFS spectra of two libraries of titania-supported Pd-doped Au nanoparticle catalysts representing the as-prepared and post-catalysis state. The nanoparticles have narrow particle size distributions, in the range 2.8–6.6 nm, and were synthesized to preferentially locate the palladium atoms on the surface of a gold core, with Pd mole fractions of 1.4–38%. EXAFS spectra of both the as-prepared samples and post-catalysis Pd-Au particles were collected and modeled. EXAFS refinement of all samples showed contributions from both Pd-Au and Pd-Pd scattering paths, revealing that Pd and Au components alloyed together. Pd was in a partially oxidized state as evidenced by a Pd-O scattering contribution, unlike Au. Overlaying measured coordination numbers from the libraries with predicted values, using models of surface and bulk alloying, showed that Pd restructures among Au as a result of exposure to the reaction conditions.
Concept Bag: A New Method for Computing Concept Similarity in Biomedical Data

Biomedical data are a rich source of information and knowledge, not only for direct patient care, but also for secondary use in population health, clinical research, and translational research. Biomedical data are typically scattered across multiple systems and syntactic and semantic data integration is necessary to fully utilize the data’s potential. This paper introduces new algorithms that were devised to support automatic and semi-automatic integration of semantically heterogeneous biomedical data. The new algorithms incorporate both data mining and biomedical informatics methods to create “concept bags” in the same way that “word bags” are used in data mining and text retrieval. The methods are highly configurable and were tested in five different ways on different types of biomedical data. The new methods performed well in computing similarity between medical terms and data elements - both critical for semi/automatic data integration operations.