cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating contacts for routing in highly partitioned mobile networks

The movement of real users often follows some patterns that can be characterized by certain statistical metrics of the contacts. Such metrics are useful for nodes to make routing decisions, especially in sparse mobile ad hoc networks where instantaneous network connectivity is rare and messages are delivered using store-carry-forward routing. None of the statistical metrics used in existing routing algorithms considers the dependency between neighboring contacts, thus resulting in an inaccurate estimation of message delays over paths. In this paper, a new metric called the expected dependent delay that characterizes the expected delay of a contact dependent on the previous hop is proposed. With this new metric, the closed-form expression for the expected delay of a path is given and can be further simplified in highly partitioned mobile networks. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a significant improvement in terms of the message delay than those that consider only the delivery probability or the expected delay.
Towards temporal web search

This paper shifts the focus of Web search towards finding and exploiting small text nuggets, rather than full-length documents, assumming that the type of targeted information (e.g., date) is specified in the queries. Each nugget is a document sentence fragment that encodes open-domain factual information associated to some entity. The entities are dates (e.g., 1971) when the events captured by the nuggets must have occurred. The nuggets are extracted from the unstructured text of Web documents, based on lightweight text processing. Since per-document time stamps are available only in restricted collections such as news articles, but not in arbitrary Web documents, the extraction of the relevant dates relies on simple, local text analysis. The resulting time-stamped text nuggets have immediate applications in Web search, as direct results for queries asking about the date of an event explicitly (e.g., "When was the transistor invented") or implicitly (e.g., "Golden Gate Bridge built").
Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media

In order to fully appreciate this book, it is necessary to recall some of the recent history of body wave seismology. Until the late 1960s, most of our knowledge of subsurface structure came from travel time studies. Pekeris [1948] and Haskell [1953] had shown how to model seismic data, but existing computers limited the use of their methods to the computation of dispersion curves for simple earth models. Then Helmberger [1968] used the Cagniard-de Hoop method [de Hoop, 1960] to model refraction arrivals and thereby demonstrated the practicality of seismic modeling in the time domain. The Cagniard-de Hoop method is a generalized ray method, which means (in practical terms) that it is good for synthesizing first motions but not so good for the later parts of the seismogram. Accordingly, Fuchs and Muller [1971] returned to the methods of Pekeris and Haskell and showed that with large modern computers, the whole seismogram could be synthesized. However, problems remained, because Haskell matrices are numerically unstable when used to synthesize SV body waves. Methods of overcoming this instability were found (and are still being found), but they are all, with the possible exception of the methods of Schmidt and Tango [1986] and of Chin et al. [1984], complicated, difficult to program, and lacking in physical insight.
The Effects of Intracerebroventricular Administration of Renin on Drinking and Blood Pressure

The aim of the present investigation was to (a) determine if renin-substrate (angiotensinogen) is present in cerebrospinal fluid; (b) investigate the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of renin on drinking and blood pressure; and (c) determine if such effects are mediated via the formation of angiotensin II. Angiotensinogen concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was measured in 15 dogs and averaged 205 ± 34 ng⁄ml. This value was approximately l⁄5th of the corresponding plasma angiotensinogen concentration but the ratio of angiotensinogen: total protein in cerebrospinal fluid was approximately 15 times greater than in plasma. Intraventricular injection of hog renin (0.1 Goldblatt units) stimulated drinking in each of 8 dogs; the mean volume drunk in the 15 min period following the injection was 485 ± 84 ml. When the renin was preceded by intraventricular saralasin acetate, a specific antagonist of angiotensin II, the drinking response was reduced to 8 ± 6 ml. In eight pentobarbital anesthetize...
Topless dancers: Managing stigma in a deviant occupation

This paper describes and analyzes how topless dancers manage the stigma related to their deviant occupation. It represents approximately nine months of limited participant observation and ethnographic interviewing at seven topless bars in a major metropolitan city in the Southwest with a population of approximately 1 million people. A structured interview schedule was utilized to obtain data from over 40 topless dancers in six different clubs. In addition, free‐flowing interviews were conducted with at least 20 other dancers, numerous waitresses in the clubs, one club manager, two assistant managers, and four former dancers still associated with the clubs (as bartenders, waitresses, or admission takers). This study indicates that two of the most common stigma management techniques used by topless dancers are dividing the social world as outlined by Goffman (1963) and techniques of neutralization described by Sykes and Matza (1957), especially denial of injury, condemnation of the condemners, and appeal to...
Electron cloud dynamics in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring Test Accelerator wiggler

The interference of stray electrons (also called “electron clouds”) with accelerator beams is important in modern intense-beam accelerators, especially those with beams of positive charge. In magnetic wigglers, used, for instance, for transverse emittance damping, the intense synchrotron radiation produced by the beam can generate an electron cloud of relatively high density. In this paper the complicated dynamics of electron clouds in wigglers is examined using the example of a wiggler in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring Test Accelerator experiment at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations with the WARP-POSINST computer code show different density and dynamics for the electron cloud at locations near the maxima of the vertical wiggler field when compared to locations near the minima. Dynamics in these regions, the electron cloud distribution vs longitudinal position, and the beam coherent tune shift caused by the wiggler electron cloud will be discussed.
Propagation of Uncertainties Using Improved Surrogate Models

We study the effect of various sources of error on the propagation of uncertain parameters and data through surrogate response surfaces approximating quantities of interest from stochastic differential equations. The main result centers on a novel approach for improving the pointwise accuracy of a surrogate with the use of an adjoint-based a posteriori estimate of its error. A general error analysis on propagated distribution functions for both forward and inverse problems is derived. To provide concrete examples focusing on the use of the improved surrogate, we consider standard polynomial spectral methods to approximate the surrogate. However, neither the definition of the improved surrogate nor the general error analysis for the computed distribution functions requires a specific surrogate formulation. Numerical results comparing pointwise errors in propagated distributions using a surrogate versus its improved counterpart demonstrate global decreases in both actual error and in error bounds for both f...
4-Gbit/s laser diode driver GaAs IC with improved user accessibility

Recently, laser diode (LD) driver GaAs ICs, which can operate over 2 Gbit/s, have emerged.1-3 Nevertheless, these ICs, which are ever reported, leave something to be improved, because they are fabricated with rather complicated wafer processes and require user’s effort such as APC circuit design and packaging. The LD driver IC with reinforced convenience has been developed with a mass-produced wafer process and has achieved over 4-Gbit/s operation stably in the form of a standard leadless chip carrier (LCC) package.
Seismic shear strains and seismic coefficients in dams and embankments

Abstract In a previous publication1 dealing with the lateral seismic response of dams and embankments the authors developed an inhomogeneous shear beam (SB) model in which the modulus increases as a power m of the depth, with m ranging from 0.35 to 0.90 and depending on material and geometric parameters. Reference 1 studied primarily the free vibration characteristics and the distribution of peak seismic displacements in earth dams. This paper focuses on seismic shear strains and stresses, and on seismic coefficients. Both steady-state and transient vibrations are considered and the effects of inhomogeneity are graphically illustrated. A comprehensive comparative study is undertaken using five dam cross-sections, each excited by four recorded accelerograms. It is found that plane-strain finite-element analyses yield distributions of peak values of seismic shear strains which, in general, are in good accord with the results of a ‘consistent’ inhomogeneous SB model. The limitations of the developed model are also elucidated and possible ways of overcoming them are suggested.
Interventions in response to chemically dependent nurses: Effect of context and interpretation

Despite state laws and professional norms, administrators intervene in different ways in response to chemically dependent nurses. The purpose of this study was to examine how context and interpretation affect these interventions. Nurse administrators from 322 hospitals participated in the study. Regression analysis revealed a relationship between interpretation (threat or nonthreat) of chemically dependent nurses and the interventions. The higher the degree of threat perceived in relation to these nurses, the higher the tendency to terminate them (p < .01), and the lower the tendency to refer them to treatment (p < .05), reintegrate them (p < .01), and hire them (p < .01). Two context variables, professionalization and communication, were related to reintegration (p < .05). Understanding the relationship between context and interpretation on decision making will allow for progress toward improved management of the health care environment. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Convective cooling of an initially stably stratified fluid with temperature-dependent viscosity: Implications for the role of solid-state convection in planetary evolution

[1] The possible role of solid-state convective cooling is important in understanding planetary thermal evolution. A stable compositional stratification in planetary mantles, which can arise from partial melting due to adiabatic decompression or from early magmatic differentiation, may suppress or delay convective instability, restrict the depth scale of convective motions, and reduce the convective heat flux out of the mantle. Two-dimensional numerical experiments on convection in a stably stratified viscous fluid with a strongly temperature-dependent viscosity cooled from above are carried out to understand how convecting, well-mixed layers form and thicken in time because of cooling at the planetary surface. Simple scaling laws and parameterizations are developed that allow the results of our numerical experiments to be extrapolated to viscosity variations as large as would be expected for thermally activated creep in planetary mantles. Strongly temperature-dependent viscosity reduces the available thermal buoyancy in the cold top boundary layer and therefore increases the impact of compositional stratification. Scaling laws for the mixed layer thickening rate indicate that thickening occurs mainly by buoyant, rather than viscous, entrainment of the underlying still stratified fluid. Compositional stratification may be important in the thermal evolution of the oceanic upper mantle, formation of cratonic continental lithosphere, and in planetary evolution, more generally. In several geologically realistic settings, a restricted depth of stratification or mantle viscosities on the order of 1018 Pa s or less are required for convective instability.
The influence of ground disturbance and gap position on understory plant diversity in upland forests of southern New England

Abstract The forest understory contains the majority of vascular plant diversity in eastern temperate forests, and its diversity, composition, and dynamics contribute directly to ecosystem function. Forest managers have traditionally viewed the understory as primarily affecting forest regeneration or wildlife habitat, but the growing recognition of goods and services the understory provides (e.g., ecosystem function, ecological resiliency, non-timber forest products) has increased concerns about the impacts of forest management on understory diversity. We monitored response of understory diversity to microsite position and degree of ground-level disturbance within experimental gaps for 10 years. We did this at four sites with distinct soil types and topographic positions of a glacial geology in southern New England that were categorized as (i) mesic, (ii) mid-slope, (iii) outwash, and (iv) sandy-skeletal. We analyzed differences in patterns of species richness, Shannon diversity, and evenness across sites and through time. Understory species richness was generally enhanced by gap formation. Gap position was the primary factor influencing species richness across all sites, but the patterns of diversity and evenness within gaps was site specific. Ground-disturbance was influential on drier sandy sites, and more pronounced earlier in the experiment. Temporal differences were also evident across sites, with richness stabilizing at all sites 10 years after gap creation. The one exception was the sandy-skeletal site, which was still increasing in richness. Resource managers interested in protecting and enhancing understory species diversity need to consider underlying site, specifically soil type when planning silvicultural treatments, as the response of the understory community to disturbance can vary greatly with site.
Hepatic Graft Versus Host Disease: A Study of the Predictive Value of Liver Biopsy in Diagnosis

Ninety-six liver biopsies [32 bone marrow transplant (BMT), 7 pre-BMT, and 57 non-BMT] are reviewed for histological evidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD), based on bile duct atypia and related inflammatory changes. In addition, the presence of cholestasis, piecemeal necrosis, and attachment of lymphocytes to vascular endothelium (endothelialitis) are evaluated. The 57 non-BMT biopsies include examples of viral hepatitis (acute and chronic), nonviral chronic hepatitis, extrahepatic biliary obstruction, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and orthotopic liver transplant rejection. Although the sensitivity of bile duct damage as an indicator of GVHD appears high (only one probable false negative was noted), there is considerable overlap between the changes of GVHD and occasional cases of acute and chronic hepatitis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Nine of the 57 non-BMT biopsies (15%) were felt to be consistent with GVHD and represent "false positives". Despite this relative lack of specificity, analysis of several features in combination provided clues to improve accuracy of diagnosis. The findings of extensive bile duct damage with minimal inflammatory changes is characteristic of GVHD. Possibly more predictive is the presence of endothelialitis of portal or central veins, which was seen in only three non-BMT biopsies, being present in eight cases of GVHD.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF POND CULTURE OF TOPMINNOWS (FAMILY POECILIIDAE) IN HAWAII AS AN ALTERNATIVE BAITFISH FOR SKIPJACK TUNA1

The unit production cost of cultured topminnow (Poecilia vittata and P. mexicana) was less than the opportunity cost of captured Nehu (Stolephorus purpureus), the traditional live baitfish used for the skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) fishing in Hawaii. The production cost of culture topminnow was estimated in the range of $3.20-6.06 per kg, while the estimated opportunity cost of Nehu was about $22.00 per kg.
Atrial fibrillation: an epidemic in the elderly

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia that increases in prevalence with age. As the general population grows older, general practitioners will more frequently see this disease in their clinic population. In order to most effectively treat these patients, physicians need to understand key issues, including the use of rhythm control versus ventricular rate control and how to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. This article will review recent advancements in the understanding of the pathophysiology, management, stroke risk stratification and prevention of thromboembolic complications in atrial fibrillation.
THE CHINESE LANGUAGE IN THE SATURDAY REVIEW: A CASE STUDY IN SINOPHOBIA’S SCHOLARLY ROOTS

A drastic shift in British perceptions of China took place between the beginning and end of the nineteenth century. Up through the first decades of the nineteenth century, China and its ideals as well as its art and aesthetic were widely admired. Yet by the end of the century, the discourse surrounding China had become very different: no longer were the Chinese admired for their art or their morals; instead, they were castigated as amoral, pitiless, inscrutable liars. Why and how this change took place has not yet been explored in part because scholars have tended to focus on either the beginning of the nineteenth century or the beginning of the twentieth, rather than on the years between these periods. Yet those years saw the rise of sinology, which became established as a field of scholarship in precisely the period (from roughly 1870 to 1901) that has so far been neglected. This scholarship, highly specialized though it might seem (and was), was not confined to the Ivory Tower; it made its way to the educated, upper-middle-class reading public through periodicals. If we look at what British periodicals were teaching their readers about China and the Chinese language during this gap period, we can see – perhaps surprisingly – a concerted and earnest effort being made to avoid assumptions that the Chinese need British help and to avoid pro-Christian judgments, in favor of an attempt to learn the workings of the Chinese language as the first step towards understanding the Chinese on their own terms. What scholars learn and what periodicals teach about the Chinese language, however, leads these very same would-be enlightened people, in the end, to see the Chinese as cunning children incapable of complex thought or basic feeling, and therefore incapable of progress or morality. In other words, the increasing British prejudice against the Chinese originated to an important degree in the work of the first scholars of sinology, rather than in the fears of the ignorant or the culturally-marginalized. Examining this process challenges a paradigm dominant in postcolonial studies, in which modern scholars decry the supremacy of Western systems while problematically replicating a narrative in which the concept of Western systemic supremacy is not challenged and the existence of non-Western systems is not acknowledged. In the case of China, the complexity of its written and spoken language systems helped frustrate Western efforts at colonization, and this systemic resistance to Western domination was constructed by Western scholars in such a way as to create and justify sinophobia.
Deletion Mutants of the Hepatitis B Virus X Gene in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Abstract Two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were identified who had substantial deletions within the hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene from HCC tissues. In one patient, the deletion was found at nt. 382-389 (codons 128-130) of the X gene, followed by two nucleotide substitutions, a frame shift, and formation of a new stop codon. In the second patient, the deletion was found at nt. 389-396 (codons 130-132) of the X gene, followed by one nucleotide substitution, a frame shift, and formation of a new stop codon. The resulting X proteins in both cases would be truncated at the 3′ end and would be 20 amino acids shorter than the full length X protein. These patients had been identified during a study of 25 HCC patients from Qidong, China in whom a 228-base region of the X gene was sequenced. No deletions were found within this X gene sequence in HCC tissues from the other 23 patients or in the 20 adjacent noncancerous liver samples available from these patients. However, the fact that these deletions encompassed codons 130 and 131, two adjacent codons where point mutations were found in 21 of the remaining 23 patients, suggests that this region may play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Adolescent Sexual Victimization Choice of Confidant and the Failure of Authorities

This study investigates the experience of sexual victimization among American youth. The objective is to determine who adolescents tell of their victimization and whether the choice of confidant influences the likelihood of the offender being arrested. Using data from the 1995 National Survey of Adolescents, the authors found that most adolescents do not turn to official sources but instead tell family members and friends about their sexual victimization. Although only 13% of sexual assault disclosures resulted in an arrest of the offender, arrest was more likely to occur when the assault was initially reported to the victim’s mother. A much less common choice of confidant was mandatory reporters, professionals in contact with children who are required by law to report suspected and known child abuse. However, when mandatory reporters were informed, they were not consistent in reporting the offense to officials. Therefore, the authors suggest mandatory reporters are not offering the necessary support to adolescent victims of sexual abuse.
State Building and Democratization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Forwards, Backwards, or Together?

Across sub-Saharan Africa, new democracies emerge only in the context of relatively effective states. Using aggregate indicators of democracy and governance plus new public opinion data, the author...
Tensile mechanical properties of three-dimensional type I collagen extracellular matrices with varied microstructure.

The importance and priority of specific micro-structural and mechanical design parameters must be established to effectively engineer scaffolds (biomaterials) that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment of cells and have clinical applications as tissue substitutes. In this study, three-dimensional (3-D) matrices were prepared from type I collagen, the predominant compositional and structural component of connective tissue ECMs, and structural-mechanical relationships were studied. Polymerization conditions, including collagen concentration (0.3-3 mg/mL) and pH (6-9), were varied to obtain matrices of collagen fibrils with different microstructures. Confocal reflection microscopy was used to assess specific micro-structural features (e.g., diameter and length) and organization of component fibrils in 3-D. Microstructural analyses revealed that changes in collagen concentration affected fibril density while maintaining a relatively constant fibril diameter. On the other hand, both fibril length and diameter were affected by the pH of the polymerization reaction. Mechanically, all matrices exhibited a similar stress-strain curve with identifiable "toe," "linear," and "failure" regions. However the linear modulus and failure stress increased with collagen concentration and were correlated with an increase in fibril density. Additionally, both the linear modulus and failure stress showed an increase with pH, which was related to an increasedfibril length and a decreasedfibril diameter. The tensile mechanical properties of the collagen matrices also showed strain rate dependence. Such fundamental information regarding the 3-D microstructural-mechanical properties of the ECM and its component molecules are important to our overall understanding of cell-ECM interactions (e.g., mechanotransduction) and the development of novel strategies for tissue repair and replacement.
Ultrastructural and Biochemical Localization of Organelle Damage from Nephrotoxic Agents

The kidney is a frequent target organ for a variety of toxic agents due to its metabolic capacity for concentrating toxicants and/or metabolites during the excretory process and to the exquisite sensitivity of the numerous metabolic processes performed by this organ under normal circumstances and after injury. Toxic metals such as mercury, cadmium, chromium, and lead all show extensive kidney accumulation and toxicity to a host of renal metabolic processes. Other classes of toxicants, such as halogenated organics (carbon tetrachloride, cyclodiene pesticides, TCDD, and brominated alkyl compounds), are also capable of extreme toxicity following accumulation and interaction with renal microsomal enzyme systems.
Flexible transducer arrays with through-wafer electrical interconnects based on trench refilling with PDMS

This paper reports on a method to fabricate flexible one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) micromachined transducer arrays that are electrically connected to flip-chip bond pads on the back side of the array. In our case, the transducers are capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUT) intended for medical ultrasound imaging. For ultrasound imaging, flexible arrays conform to the body part being imaged. Flexible arrays are also desired for certain catheter and fixed-focus array geometries. Electrical connection to bond pads on the back side of the array is provided for flip-chip bonding to an integrated circuit or flexible PCB. The arrays are made flexible by etching through-wafer trenches and filling the trenches with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The flexibility of the substrate is demonstrated by wrapping it around a needle tip with a radius of 650 mum (French catheter size of 4).
Visual Rivalry Without Spatial Conflict

Visual rivalry has been extensively characterized in the literature. It is thought to require spatial conflict between overlapping visual presentations, even in studies that have found nonspatial (i.e., nonretinal) influences on rivalry. Unexpectedly, we identified visual rivalry in the complete absence of spatial conflict. Participants experienced visual rivalry when we placed a nonambiguous motion stimulus in a nonspatial (in our case, object-based) reference frame. Moreover, a stimulus that was displaced within a nonspatial reference frame did not induce rivalry despite the presence of spatial conflict. This finding shows that nonspatial, object-based processing can overrule retinotopic processing and prevent rivalry from occurring when a perceived stimulus exists unambiguously in an object-based reference frame. Our results identify a potent high-level conflict-resolution stage independent of low-level spatial visual conflict. This independence of spatial overlap provides an advantage to the visual system, allowing conflict resolution when an object is nonstationary on the retina (e.g., during frequently occurring eye movements).
Ezetimibe: an update on the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and recent clinical trials

Elevated serum cholesterol is a known risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease. Circulating cholesterol is a product of both cholesterol absorption from the gut and cellular cholesterol production. Ezetimibe is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug that acts at the brush border of the small intestine. Recent studies have further identified the molecular target as the Niemann-Pick C1-like transporter. Ezetimibe blocks the absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol and plant sterols resulting in intracellular cholesterol depletion. Clinical studies have demonstrated beneficial improvements in the lipid profile with ezetimibe as monotherapy, but dramatic effects are seen when ezetimibe is combined with other lipid-lowering drugs, particularly 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins). Combination studies of ezetimibe with statins, bile acid sequestrants, fenofibrate and niacin all demonstrate significant total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering. An excellent safety and tolerability profile combined with once-daily dosing make this attractive adjunct therapy for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
Ensemble speaker and speaking environment modeling approach with advanced online estimation process

Recently, we proposed an ensemble speaker and speaking environment modeling (ESSEM) framework to characterize speaker variability and speaking environments. In contrast to multi-style training, ESSEM uses single-style training to prepare multiple sets of environment-specific acoustic models. The ensemble of these acoustic models forms a prior structure of the environment for flexible prediction of unknown environment during testing. In this study, we present methods to further improve the precision for model characterization. We first study a weighted N-best information technique to well utilize the N-best transcription hypothesis in an unsupervised adaptation manner. Next, we introduce cohort selection and environment space adaptation techniques to online improve the resolution and coverage of the prior structure. With an integration of the proposed methods, we further improve the ESSEM performance over our previous study. On the Aurora-2 task, ESSEM achieves an average word error rate (WER) of 4.64%, corresponding to a 15.64% relative WER reduction over our best baseline result (5.50% to 4.64% WER) obtained with multi-condition training.
Multiple endocardial neurofibromas in a rosy-billed pochard (Netta peposaca)

Endocardial neoplasms are uncommon in veterinary species with most cases restricted to endocardial schwannomas in aged rats. A 15-year-old male rosy-billed pochard (Netta peposaca) was diagnosed following necropsy with numerous, proliferative endocardial masses. Histologically, these masses were composed of interlacing streams and bundles of neoplastic spindle cells supported by a fine fibrovascular stroma. Rare areas of cellular and nuclear palisading were present in the nodules. Approximately 60% of the neoplastic cells were strongly positive for S-100, whereas none of the neoplastic cells was positive for desmin, synaptophysin, neurofilament, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. The histologic features coupled with the S-100 immunoreactivity led to a diagnosis of endocardial neurofibroma.
Psychic control of gastric acid: response to anticipated feeding and biofeedback training in a man.

The psychic influence of appetizing meals on gastric acid secretion was assessed in a healthy, young male subject. A significant increase in acid secretion was noted after he was exposed to appetizing meals in a banquet setting. The anticipation of an appetizing meal, with or without the banquet proceeding, appeared to be the most important underlying factor in stimulating acid secretion. He was able to significantly reduce acid secretion in anticipation of a meal only when he was threatened with denial of the meal. He was not able to increase acid secretion on command to do so above the already elevated secretory rates observed when he was anticipating a meal reward. Attempts at self-control of acid secretion in the absence of food cues and with the aid of biofeedback techniques revealed that he was able on command to increase or decrease acid secretion.
Skeletal injuries in the pediatric patient

Immature skeleton is different from adult skeleton with unique vulnerability to acute and chronic injuries at the growth plate. Recognition and differential diagnosis of inflicted skeletal injury are important. Familiarity with the dynamic changes of growing skeleton in normal children is key to the recognition of pathologic states.
Acoustic oscillations in a cylindrical chamber with a hub baffle

The combustion-driven acoustic oscillations that occur in liquid propellant rocket engines are often similar in shape and frequency to the modes of oscillation that exist in a closed cylindrical chamber. Hub baffles can be employed to remove low-order radial modes of oscillation. In order to determine the impact of a hub baffle on low-order radial oscillations in a closed, cylindrical chamber, an analytical and computer model was developed. The governing equations of motion were solved using an eigenfunction matching technique to determine the acoustic modes of oscillation in a closed cylindrical chamber configured with a hub baffle. Results from the model show that short hub baffles significantly influence low-order radial oscillations, depressing the frequency and altering the shape of the wave. As the length of the baffle is increased, however, the radial modes of oscillation combine with successively higher longitudinal modes. The implication of this result to the overall acoustic stability of a combustion chamber is that this mode-shifting behavior may inhibit a large shift in the oscillatory frequency out of the range of frequencies sensitive to the combustion process. Furthermore, multiple solutions of the wave shape and frequency are shown to exist at some baffle lengths.
Calculated Line Strengths for the Transition Array (3d3 + 3d2 4s)- 3d2 4p in Ti ii.

The transition array for the transitions between the configurations (3d 3 + 3d 24s) and 3d 24p in Ti ii are presented here. The relative line strengths have been calculated in the intermediate coupling scheme, taking into account interaction between configurations. The relative phase and magnitude of the radial transition integrals (s-p) and (d-p) for the jumping electron in the LS coupling have been determined empirically.
Epinephrine Induced Dermal Necrosis in Endotoxemia Attempts to Define Response on an Immunological Basis.

SummarySeveral aspects of hemorrhagic necrosis of rabbit skin following intravenous injection of endotoxin and intradermal administration of epinephrine have been studied. The reaction was consistently reproduced using 100 μg epinephrine and 10 μg endotoxin. It could be abolished by an 8-day course of intravenous endotoxin as previously demonstrated. No resistance to the reaction could be shown to persist 6 days following immunization. No accelerated response to a booster course of endotoxin injections could be demonstrated during the fourth week following the primary injections. Hemorrhagic necrosis could not be prevented by the passive transfer of 10 ml of whole serum, or with serum fractions separated by DEAE cellulose chromatography and rich in the individual classes of immune globulins. The specificity of dermal necrosis induced by epinephrine in endotoxemia remains unclear. It is not possible at this time to define the nature of the temporary protection against epinephrine on an immunological basis.
Persistent hypopigmented macules and flat-topped papules

From the Division of Dermatology and Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City. Funding sources: None. Conflicts of interest: None declared. Correspondence to: Brea Prindaville, MD, Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160. E-mail: brea.prindaville@alum.dartmouth.org. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016;74:e89-90. 0190-9622/$36.00 a 2015 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.10.018
Lipoprotein apheresis: present and future uses.

Purpose of review For the past 40 years, apheresis, in particular, lipoprotein apheresis, has been the therapy of choice to lower LDL-C for familial hypercholesterolemia patients with uncontrolled dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. With the advent of recent and future lipid-modifying agents and their ability to lower LDL-C, the question arises on what will be the future of lipoprotein apheresis. Recent findings Lipoprotein apheresis lowers not only plasma levels of apolipoprotein B lipoproteins but also markers of vascular inflammation and blood rheology. Other vascular diseases, not necessarily associated with familial hypercholesterolemia, such as nephrotic syndrome and peripheral arterial disease have profited from lipoprotein apheresis therapy. In 2013, the Food and Drug Administration approved lipoprotein apheresis therapy for patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Since 2010, the German healthcare ministry has approved lipoprotein apheresis therapy for patients with an elevated lipoprotein(a) and ongoing cardiovascular disease irrespective of LDL-C levels. Summary Recent and future lipid-modifying therapies will most likely reduce the practice of lipoprotein apheresis therapy for familial hypercholesterolemia patients. Future implications for lipoprotein apheresis will involve vascular diseases that are at present lacking clinically effective therapy, whereas acute and chronic reductions of lipids, vascular inflammation, and/or rheology may improve the clinical outcome.
Testosterone suppression of the HPT axis.

Background Although studies have demonstrated the suppression of normal gonadal function in the experimental setting, the specific mechanisms by which androgenic-anabolic steroids impact male gonadal function remain ill defined. Following 2 consecutive weekly injections of an identically appearing testosterone cypionate (TC) placebo, subjects were randomized to a TC dose of 100 mg/wk, 250 mg/wk, or 500 mg/wk. Following the last weekly injection of active agent the subjects received 12 consecutive weeks of TC placebo injections. Results Spermatogenesis was impaired by each of the doses of TC employed in this study, but the observed decreases in, sperm count were neither strictly dose dependent nor consistent between individuals treated with the same dose. Basal leuteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) became undetectable 2 weeks after the start of 250 and 500 mg/wk TC injections and were lost within 5 to 6 weeks of starting 100 mg doses. Pituitary gonadotropin responses to leutinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) disappeared more slowly with FSH responses being lost 1 to 3 weeks after the loss of basal FSH activity. Leuteinizing hormone responses to LHRH appeared to be suppressed last, disappearing 4 to 6 weeks after FSH responses to LHRH. Conclusions Exogenous testosterone-mediated inhibitory influences on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis were reversed following the cessation of drug treatment.
Unilateral tubular approach for bilateral laminotomy: effect on ipsilateral and contralateral buttock and leg pain

Purpose Tubular laminotomy is an effective procedure for treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and lateral recesses stenosis. Most surgeons familiar with the procedure agree that the tubular approach appears to afford a more complete decompression of the contralateral thecal sac and nerve root, as compared to the ipsilateral approach. With this study we sought to answer the question whether this is reflected in clinically significant differences between the ipsilateral and contralateral side pain improvements.
Abstract PL01-03: Tobacco assessment and cessation in cancer patients: An urgent need

Tobacco use is associated with poor outcomes (e.g., increased toxicity) in cancer patients, and tobacco cessation is related to several favorable outcomes (e.g., improved response to cancer treatments, decreased risk for a second primary tumor, increased survival). However, tobacco cessation support is not routinely provided to cancer patients. This presentation will cover the current status of tobacco assessment and cessation in clinical practice and in clinical trials. Specifically, national data regarding cancer treatment provider behaviors and preferences with regard to tobacco assessment and cessation support will be discussed. In addition, tobacco use assessment and referral or provision of treatment in national clinical trials will be reviewed. Strategies for implementation of tobacco cessation into standard clinical cancer care will be discussed, with a presentation of a variety of prototypical programs. The ongoing need for additional research in all of these areas will also be discussed. Citation Format: Benjamin A. Toll. Tobacco assessment and cessation in cancer patients: An urgent need. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PL01-03.
An Open Aristocracy

The myth of the open elite has been an anecdotal truism about Britain for some time. Commentators and historians long accepted, almost without question, that the British nobility succeeded, in part, because of its relative openness to newcomers and the rapid assimilation of those newcomers into its ranks. Since the mid- 1980s, historians have begun to look at the assumption more carefully and in many cases to challenge the idea, using various means to judge both the openness of the rank and the willingness of more established members to accept the recently ennobled. This chapter, using the marital patterns of aristocratic women, explores the concept of the open elite from a new perspective. What the evidence shows is that Britain did not have an open elite, at least not at the highest levels. All aristocratic families, new or established, showed a marked preference for marrying their daughters into the established or old aristocracy, which indicates a lack of acceptance of the newcomers into the rank. This lack of acceptance further indicates the desire on the part of the British aristocracy to maintain rank identity.
Developing and validating the A-B-C framework of information diffusion on social media

This research addresses the problem of promoting information diffusion, the extent to which information spreads, on social media platforms. Utilizing the number of views, comments, and shares as indicators of diffusion, we developed and validated an original research framework based on the big data approach (using all the blog posts in a university in the year 2013; N = 4120). This A-B-C framework (1) analyzes the textual features of blog posts using linguistic inquiry and word count (Study 1), (2) applies the former results to build message concepts (Study 2), and (3) creates validated instructional material based on message concepts to promote message diffusion among blog readers (Study 3). This framework supports operational strategies for developing strategic and corporate communication material aimed at increasing diffusion.
Rememsering Jim Peters

(2004). Rememsering Jim Peters. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 285-286.
Modeling of effective rainfall rate and rain attenuation in terrestrial links in the tropics

In this paper, the statistical distribution of the rainfall rate for tropical regions is investigated based on comparisons of measured data with the rain rates obtained from calculations using the ITU-R rain maps. The rain rate distributions are compared with an empirical expression for the effective rainfall rate obtained from the cumulative distribution of measured signal attenuation in converging links with different path lengths, spatial orientations and operation frequencies. Also, a semi- empirical method for the prediction of rain attenuation in terrestrial links is presented. The proposed method is simple to apply and uses the concept of an effective rainfall and the full rainfall rate cumulative probability distribution to predict the attenuation distribution.
O-028 Opercular Index Score (OIS): A Novel Predictor of Collateral Robustness and Neurologic Outcomes in the Endovascular Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Purpose Assessment of collaterals is imperative in patient selection for endovascular reperfusion in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between a novel CTA based collateral scoring system: the Opercular IndexScore (OIS), with the capillary index score (CIS) at angiography and neurologic outcomes at 90 days following endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Materials and methods Data from 58 patients with AIS who underwent clinical assessment, institutional stroke based CT imaging (noncontrast CT, CT Perfusion with CTA reconstructions) and endovascular reperfusion were included in this study. OIS was retrospectively calculated from CTA images as the ratio of the number of opacified branches in the Sylvian fissure on the normal side to those on the affected side and dichotomized into favorable OIS (fOIS i.e. OIS ≤ 2) and poor OIS (pOIS i.e. OIS > 2). CIS was defined as favorable (CIS ≥ 2) or unfavorable (CIS Results Thirty-five patients had fOIS and 20 patients had pOIS. There was no difference in mean age (p = 0.96), gender (p = 0.31), side of occlusion (p = 0.11), use of IV-tPA (p = 0.73), ASPECTS (p = 0.61), door-to-puncture time (p = 0.49), door to recanalization time (p = 0.81), recanalization rate (0.32) or TICI scores (p = 0.78). There was a trend towards lower NIHSS in the fOIS group (p = 0.07). At angiography, 82.9% of patients (n = 29) with fOIS had a fCIS and 40.0% of patients (n = 14) with pOIS group had a fCIS (p = 0.002). Patients with fOIS had an 80.0% (n = 28) rate of good neurological outcomes compared to 15.0% (n = 3) in the pOIS group (p Conclusion OIS is a practical, noninvasive scoring system that can be used to predict collateral robustness and good clinical outcome among patients undergoing endovascular recanalization in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Disclosures A. Copelan: None. M. Chehab: None. S. Xli: None. W. Brinjikji: None. Z. Wilseck: None. D. Kallmes: None. J. Wilseck: None.
Brick Versus Click: A Resource-Based View of Retail Relationship Marketing Through Community Engagement, an Extended Abstract

With an increasing share of retail sales being conducted online, local retailers are being squeezed by customers switching toward online purchases and by the growing price pressure they face when trying to compete with online retail giants (e.g., Amazon.com). Our research addresses this issue by investigating community-based resources available to local retailers and their impact on retail performance. We find that developing resources based on community engagement, shared values, and the economic value proposition increase the retailer’s share of customer and the likelihood the consumer will engage in positive word of mouth. We also find that shared values enhance the positive impact of community engagement resources on commitment. Our findings contribute to the retailing and resource-based theory literature and provide managerial direction to help local retailers develop more effectively compete with online retailers.
A distributed controller for DC microgrids stability enhancement

The motivation toward the application of DC microgrids is increasing as a result of the increasing number of electronic loads. DC microgrids decreases the number of conversions, avoids the voltage harmonics and reactive power associated with AC microgrids, is a lower cost solution and is capability of supplying a high quality voltage to sensitive dc loads. One of the main concerns regarding DC microgrids is that constant power loads can cause instabilities. This paper proposes a distributed control method for ensuring large signal stability of DC microgrids. This new controller is general and can be tailored to different architectures.