cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pediatrician’s Beliefs and Practices Around Rapid Infant Weight Gain: A Qualitative Study:

Rapid infant weight gain is a risk factor for later obesity. The objective of this study was to examine primary care pediatricians’ beliefs and practices around rapid infant weight gain. Primary ca...
Comparison Between In-Person and Audio-Only Virtual Prenatal Visits and Perinatal Outcomes.

Importance: Ensuring access to prenatal care services in the US is challenging, and implementation of telehealth options was limited before the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in vulnerable populations, given the regulatory requirements for video visit technology. Objective: To explore the association of audio-only virtual prenatal care with perinatal outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study compared perinatal outcomes of women who delivered between May 1 and October 31, 2019 (n = 6559), and received in-person prenatal visits only with those who delivered between May 1 and October 31, 2020 (n = 6048), when audio-only virtual visits were integrated into prenatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic, as feasible based on pregnancy complications. Parkland Health and Hospital System in Dallas, Texas, provides care to the vulnerable obstetric population of the county via a high-volume prenatal clinic system and public maternity hospital. All deliveries of infants weighing more than 500 g, whether live or stillborn, were included. Exposures: Prenatal care incorporating audio-only prenatal care visits. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was a composite of placental abruption, stillbirth, neonatal intensive care unit admission in a full-term (≥37 weeks) infant, and umbilical cord blood pH less than 7.0. Visit data, maternal characteristics, and other perinatal outcomes were also examined. Results: The mean (SD) age of the 6559 women who delivered in 2019 was 27.8 (6.4) years, and the age of the 6048 women who delivered in 2020 was 27.7 (6.5) years (P = .38). Of women delivering in 2020, 1090 (18.0%) were non-Hispanic Black compared with 1067 (16.3%) in 2019 (P = .04). In the 2020 cohort, 4067 women (67.2%) attended at least 1 and 1216 women (20.1%) attended at least 3 audio-only virtual prenatal visits. Women who delivered in 2020 attended a greater mean (SD) number of prenatal visits compared with women who delivered in 2019 (9.8 [3.4] vs 9.4 [3.8] visits; P < .001). In the 2020 cohort, 173 women (2.9%) experienced the composite outcome, which was not significantly different than the 195 women (3.0%) in 2019 (P = .71). In addition, the rate of the composite outcome did not differ substantially when examined according to the number of audio-only virtual visits attended. Conclusions and Relevance: Implementation of audio-only virtual prenatal visits was not associated with changes in perinatal outcomes and increased prenatal visit attendance in a vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic when used in a risk-appropriate model.
"It's like a Brotherhood": Thematic analysis of veterans' identity processes in substance abuse recovery homes

This exploratory study aimed to understand how veterans' social identity influenced their experiences living in Oxford Houses (OH)-the largest network of substance use recovery homes in the United States. We conducted three focus groups, with 20 veterans who were current or former OH residents. Thematic analysis revealed several ways in which participants' veteran identity influenced their experiences living in OH, including: (1) thriving through OH organizational similarities with the military, (2) relationships with other OH residents, and (3) and growth and reintegration. The themes were interpreted using the Social Identity Theory and the Social Identity Model of Identity Change perspectives. Social identity processes were found to play an influential role in veterans' experiences in their recovery homes and reintegration into civilian life. Findings highlight the importance of veterans developing a community within a culturally congruent setting to facilitate their recovery from substance use disorders and adjustment to life post-military service.
Embracing variability and complexity and the explanatory reductionism of scientific realism

We agree with Arocha’s criticism of psychological science’s reliance on statistical procedures that factor out intraindividual variability and the complex dynamics inherent to behavior, as well as ...
Sodium bicarbonate does not prevent acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema

Feeding calves with hay containing 4% NaHCO3 did not prevent severe respiratory disease induced by an oral dose of 0.35 g tryptophan per kg body weight. Levels of 3-methylindole in rumen fluid after tryptophan treatment were similar in calves fed NaHCO3 to levels in calves fed only hay.
SOCIO- ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF RURAL EMPLOYMENT IN THE RURAL TOURISM SECTOR (CASE STUDY IN TUNIS VILLAGE IN FAYOUM GOVERNORATE)

The objective of the study was to identify the socio-economic impactsof rural employment in the tourism and agricultural sectors. To achieve thismain objective, the following sub-objectives were to be formulated: To identifythe social impacts of rural employment in the tourism and agriculture sectorsand related variables, Rural and tourism sectors and related variables, identifythe most important problems that limit the role of tourism in rural developmentand proposals to solve them from the point of view of the respondents wasselected Fayoum governorate to conduct the total number of inhabitants of thevillage of Tunisia working in the tourism and agricultural sectors, according tothe records of (1267) individuals, was randomized. The size of this sample wasestimated using the Krejcie and Morgan equation, ). Similarly, for theagricultural sector, the sample size was also 276 agricultural workers, and toobtain the field data needed for the study. Two questionnaires were designedfor rural workers in both tourism and agricultural sectors. A pre- To confirm thetruth of the worst The research data were collected during the period from Julyto September 2018. The analysis of the study data used several differentstatistical methods and measurements to achieve the objectives of the study andtest their hypotheses. The use of the Chi square test and the use of percentagesin highlighting these relations,. Some descriptive statistical methods such asfrequency distributions, percentages, averages, range and standard deviationwere used in the presentation and description of study variablesThe results of the study indicated the following1-The results of the Kay square test showed a significant correlation at theprobability level of 0.01 or 0.05 among tourism and agriculture workers inrelation to all the social variables of the study: educational level, culturalopenness, geographical openness, level of ambition, Leadership, membership oforganizations , The level of family health care".2-The results of the Kay square test showed a significant correlation betweenthe workers in the tourism sector and the farmer in relation to all the economicvariables of the study: average monthly income, ownership of householdappliances, housing status, spending on recreational aspects.The study ended with a discussion of its main findings and a set ofrecommendations that may help increase rural attitudes towards tourism.
Who Takes Advanced Placement (AP)

This paper provides an analysis of who takes Advanced Placement (AP) Economics. We find large differences in enrollment in AP Economics across groups. Specifically, African-American and Hispanic students and students from low-income backgrounds are about half as likely to be enrolled in AP Economics as other students. However, once we control for prior academic achievement in Geometry, African-American and Hispanic students are overrepresented relative to whites and the difference between low-income and other students is reduced significantly. Female students are overrepresented relative to males, and Asian students are overrepresented relative to whites — this latter effect is large.
A New Method for Cross-Sectioning Single Fibers

A procedure for the cross-sectioning of textile fibers is described. The fibers are placed in microlitre pipet tubes to which a mounting medium is added. After the mounting medium has dried, the tubes are cut with a razor blade. The method is quick and simple, usable on almost all types of fibers, and usable on fibers as short as 1 mm. The method also allows for easy recovery of the cross sections and the whole fiber from the mount and for the subsequent determination of denier.
Extracellular Matrix Proteins of Fibrous Septa in Elderly Cadaveric Livers

The formation of fibrous septa in the liver is a histological hallmark of advanced liver fibrosis that can progress to cirrhosis, the end stage of fibrosis. Liver fibrosis has been shown to be asso...
The dnaB-dnaC replication protein complex of Escherichia coli. I. Formation and properties.

Abstract The complex formed between the dnaB and dnaC replication proteins of Escherichia coli is stabilized by ATP binding to dnaC. The dnaB6-dnaC6-ATP6 complex can be maintained without ATP hydrolysis at a concentration as low as 5 x 10(-10) M. The complex is also formed with adenosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate but generates little or no dnaB activity, suggesting a requirement for ATP hydrolysis in the subsequent stage of binding of the complex to DNA. In this step, dnaC is released, leaving dnaB to function on the associated DNA.
Collective additive tree spanners of homogeneously orderable graphs

In this paper we investigate the (collective) tree spanners problem in homogeneously orderable graphs. This class of graphs was introduced by A. Brandstadt et al. to generalize the dually chordal graphs and the distance-hereditary graphs and to show that the Steiner tree problem can still be solved in polynomial time on this more general class of graphs. In this paper, we demonstrate that every n-vertex homogeneously orderable graph G admits - a spanning tree T such that, for any two vertices x, y of G, dT (x, y) ≤ dG(x, y) + 3 (i.e., an additive tree 3-spanner) and - a system T(G) of at most O(log n) spanning trees such that, for any two vertices x, y of G, a spanning tree T ∈ T(G) exists with dT (x, y) ≤ dG(x, y) + 2 (i.e, a system of at most O(log n) collective additive tree 2-spanners). These results generalize known results on tree spanners of dually chordal graphs and of distance-hereditary graphs. The results above are also complemented with some lower bounds which say that on some n-vertex homogeneously orderable graphs any system of collective additive tree 1-spanners must have at least Ω(n) spanning trees and there is no system of collective additive tree 2-spanners with constant number of trees.
Enumeration of Fish or Other Aquatic Animals

There are various ways of estimating the size of a natural population of large, mobile animals in a freshwater habitat. Obviously, the most accurate method would involve catching or, in some way, counting the entire population. However, this approach is usually either impossible to do in practice or, at least, destructive to the natural populations. Instead, a mark-and-recapture procedure frequently is used to obtain a statistical estimate of the size of the natural population.
Conditions That Facilitate the Implementation of Educational Technology Innovations.

AbstractEight conditions that facilitate the adoption, implementation, and institutionalization of educational technology innovations are described and applications to the transfer of portable software are suggested. The conditions: dissatisfaction with the status quo, knowledge and skills, resources, time, rewards, participation, commitment, and leadership. Potential outcomes for using the conditions to review the likely level of portability of an educational software product in terms of its implementation in local sites are suggested.
Obesity in the Developmentally Disabled

Obesity, which refers to an excess of subcutaneous fat (Craddock, 1978; Craig, 1969), represents one of the most prevalent and refractory health problems occurring today (Brownell & Stunkard, 1978). In the professional area, new books on obesity are appearing with increasing regularity. Journals devoted specifically to this topic, for example, International Journal of Obesity, Journal of Obesity and Weight Regulation) along with numerous convention papers and workshops also add to the burgeoning professional literature. In the public area, a literal deluge of material awaits the interested individual in the form of popular trade books, over-the-counter drugs, weight loss clinics, health spas, and physical fitness centers. However, in spite of the continued focus by professionals and lay persons on the issues of overweight and obesity, as late as 1977 at a conference, “Obesity and the American Public,” investigators were professing their ignorance about the etiology and appropriate treatment of obesity (Kolaka, 1977). This ignorance is even more apparent in the field of developmental disabilities (DD), where a paucity of relevant is available. The purpose of this chapter is to present what is known about obesity in DD individuals as well as pertinent data obtained for non-DD persons. Also, where appropriate, suggestions will be made about what we yet need to learn about this complicated area.
The Role of a Self-Reference System in Spatial Navigation

The self-reference system architecture developed to explain the retrieval of spatial knowledge from long-term memory is reviewed and expanded to include navigational tracking as one of its operations. A distinction is made between the operation of the self-reference system at a perceptual-motor and a representational level, and a case is made that if a representational self-reference system is to function as a navigational tracking device, it must be closely connected with the perceptual-motor level. Existing empirical evidence is reviewed and new empirical evidence is reported that explores the connections between the two levels of functioning. Additionally, the operations that would enable a self-reference system to function as a tracking device are derived from an animal model of sense of direction. The ideas explored in this manuscript rely on the premise that spatial memory systems evolved in the service of spatial navigation.
Topics in the syntax and semantics of infinitives and gerunds

This title, first published in 1988, is an inquiry into the nature of predication in natural language. The study is based on the hypothesis that infinitives and gerunds are not clausal or propositional constructions and attempts to provide support for such a hypothesis, whilst also drawing from analysis of various anaphoric phenomena. This title will be of interest to students of language and linguistics.
Introduction of emerging technologies to distribution system laboratory modules via simulation

In this paper, the authors discuss a set of software laboratory assignments on power distribution systems that address emerging and smart grid technologies such as the interconnection of solar PV generation and of microgrids, of series compensation and capacitor placement and control, and selective meshed structure. Although these software laboratory modules can be used by any university and user, they adopt as test system a distribution feeder that is representative of the Reconfigurable Distribution Automation and Control (RDAC) hardware laboratory at Drexel University. As such, students and researchers with access to the laboratory can perform studies on this system via both software simulation and physical experimentation. Work is under way to enable access to the hardware remotely.
Viruses, Immunity, and Cancer: Lessons from Hepatitis B

The host-virus interactions that determine the outcome of viral infections have fascinated me ever since medical school. My first opportunity to actively pursue this interest came when I was lucky enough to be part of a team at the National Institutes of Health that transmitted the hepatitis B virus (HBV) to chimpanzees. 1 Thus began a longstanding interest in the immunobiology of persistent human viral infections, especially those that infect the liver. I am greatly honored that this work has been recognized by the Rous-Whipple Award this year, giving me this opportunity to describe our current state of understanding of these infections.
Correction of Phase Distortion in Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (SHS)

We describe a technique to measure phase distortion of SHS interferograms. We also summarize a method to correct for phase distortion which, in general, is a unique characteristic of the spectrometer.
Size-selective fractionation and visual mapping of allergen protein chemistry in Arachis hypogaea.

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) in addition to milk, eggs, fish, crustaceans, wheat, tree nuts, and soybean are commonly referred to as the “big eight” foods that contribute to the majority of food allergies worldwide. Despite the severity of allergic reactions and growing prevalence in children and adults, there is no cure for peanut allergy, leaving avoidance as the primary mode of treatment. To improve analytical methods for peanut allergen detection, researchers must overcome obstacles involved in handling complex food matrices while attempting to decipher the chemistry that underlies allergen protein interactions. To address such challenges, we conducted a global proteome characterization of raw peanuts using a sophisticated GELFrEE-PAGE-LC–MS/MS platform consisting of gel-based protein fractionation followed by mass spectrometric identification. The in-solution mass-selective protein fractionation: (1) enhances the number of unique peptide identifications, (2) provides a visual map of protein isoforms, a...
Common Features of Psychotherapy

(1972). Common Features of Psychotherapy. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 34-40.
Sexism as a Predictor of Attitudes Toward Women in the Military and in Combat

This study examined four forms of sexist beliefs as predictors of attitudes toward women in the military and in combat. Survey data revealed that military-affiliated college students (n = 62) held ...
Transcription factor IIA of wheat and human interacts similarly with the adenovirus-2 major late promoter

Transcription factor IIA (TFIIA) is a necessary component of many RNA polymerase II transcription complexes. Assembly of the transcription complex begins when TFIIA interacts with the promoter. We have previously purified wheat germ TFIIA to homogeneity and demonstrated that it substitutes for human TFIIA in a human in vitro transcription system which utilizes the adenovirus-2 major late promoter (Ad-2 MLP). We now show, by gel retardation assays, that wheat TFIIA interacts with the Ad-2 MLP. Extensively purified human (HeLa) TFIIA interacts with the Ad-2 MLP similarly. Both wheat and human TFIIA interact with a DNA fragment comprising the minimal promoter region (-51/+32) but not with upstream or downstream regions. With both TFIIAs multiple complexes form; the fastest wheat TFIIA/DNA complex appears to be larger than the corresponding human TFIIA/DNA complex. Limited point mutation analysis of the Ad-2 MLP demonstrates that changes at -30 (TATAA region), +1, and -1 diminish TFIIA binding, but a change at -40 does not. DNA footprint analysis of this region is not definitive, but does indicate that following TFIIA binding there are changes in the pattern of hypersensitive sites.
Geographic patterns of genetic diversity from the native range of Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) support the documented history of invasion and multiple introductions for invasive populations

Spread of the invasive cactus-feeding moth Cactoblastis cactorum has been well documented since its export from Argentina to Australia as a biocontrol agent, and records suggest that all non-native populations are derived from a single collection in the moth’s native range. The subsequent global spread of the moth has been complex, and previous research has suggested multiple introductions into North America. There exists the possibility of additional emigrations from the native range in nursery stock during the late twentieth century. Here, we present mitochondrial gene sequence data (COI) from South America (native range) and North America (invasive range) to test the hypothesis that the rapid invasive spread in North America is enhanced by unique genetic combinations from isolated portions of the native range. We found that haplotype richness in the native range of C. cactorum is high and that there was 90% lower richness in Florida than in Argentina. All Florida C. cactorum haplotypes are represented in a single, well-defined clade, which includes collections from the reported region of original export from Argentina. Thus, our data are consistent with the documented history suggesting a single exportation of C. cactorum from the eastern region of the native range. Additionally, the presence of geographic structure in three distinct haplotypes within the same clade across Florida supports the hypothesis of multiple introductions into Florida from a location outside the native range. Because the common haplotypes in Florida are also known to occur in the neighboring Caribbean Islands, the islands are a likely source for independent North American colonization events. Our data show that rapid and successful invasion within North America cannot be attributed to unique genetic combinations. This suggests that successful invasion of the southeastern US is more likely the product of a fortuitous introduction into favorable abiotic conditions and/or defense responses of specific Opuntia hosts, rapid adaptation, or a release from native enemies.
Current Collection from the Space Plasma Through Defects in Solar Array Insulation

Operating high-voltage solar arrays in the space environment can result in anomalously large currents being collected through small insulation defects. Tests simulating the electron collection have shown that there are two major collection modes. The first involves current enhancement by means of a surface phenomenon involving secondary electron emission from the surrounding insulator. In the second mode, the current collection is enhanced by vaporization and ionization of the insulator material, in addition to the surface enhancement of the first mode. The electron collection due to surface enhancement (first mode) has been modeled. Using this model, simple calculations yield realistic predictions.
Neutronics Of A Coupled Multiple Chamber Gaseous Core Reactor Power System

Pulsed Gaseous Core Nuclear Reactor Systems have undergone theoretical and experimental investigations at the University of Florida. The results of these research efforts indicate that the pulsed gaseous core reactor has attractive features for space power generation. Currently a main focus of research is a bimodal gaseous core reactor system capable of burst mode and station keeping mode operation. This bimodal reactor system consists of a large, central, cylindrical high power pulsed gaseous core surrounded by an inner beryllium moderating reflector region. This is in turn surrounded by an annular ring of small cylindrical, low power, pulsed gas core chambers which are followed by an outer beryllium moderating reflector region. Static neutronic analyses have examined the effects of variations in core gas loadings, core size and reflector thickness on neutron multiplication factor, neutron generation time, core-to-core neutron coupling coefficients and core-to-core neutron transit or delay times. Dynamic neutronic studies have also been performed using coupled core point reactor kinetics.
Patterns of comorbidity among mental disorders: a person-centered approach.

Abstract Objective Comorbidity poses a major challenge to conventional methods of diagnostic classification. Although dimensional models of psychopathology have shed some light on this issue, the reason for interrelationships among dimensions is unclear. The current study employed an alternative approach to characterizing patterns of comorbidity among common mental disorders by modeling them instead as clusters by using latent class analysis (LCA). Method Latent class analyses of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnoses from two nationally representative epidemiological samples—the National Comorbidity Survey and National Comorbidity Survey–Replication datasets—were undertaken. Results Within each dataset, LCA yielded 5 latent classes exhibiting distinctive profiles of diagnostic comorbidity: a fear class (all phobias and panic disorder), a distress class (depression, generalized anxiety disorder, dysthymia), an externalizing class (alcohol and drug dependence, conduct disorder), a multimorbid class (highly elevated rates of all disorders), and a few-disorders class (very low probability of all disorders). Whereas some disorders were relatively specific to certain classes, others (major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, social phobia) appeared to be evident across all classes. Profiles for the five classes were highly similar across the two samples. When bipolar I disorder was added to the LCA models, in both samples, it occurred almost exclusively in the multimorbid class. Conclusions Comorbidity among mental disorders in the general population appears to occur in a finite number of distinct patterns. This finding has important implications for efforts to refine existing diagnostic classification schemes, as well as for research directed at elucidating the etiology of mental disorders.
Task-level control for autonomous robots

Task-level control refers to the integration and coordination of planning, perception, and real-time control to achieve given high-level goals. Autonomous mobile robots need task-level control to effectively achieve complex tasks in uncertain, dynamic environments. This paper describes the Task Control Architecture (TCA), an implemented system that provides commonly needed constructs for task-level control. Facilities provided by TCA include distributed communication, task decomposition and sequencing, resource management, monitoring and exception handling. TCA supports a design methodology in which robot systems are developed incrementally, starting first with deliberative plans that work in nominal situations, and then layering them with reactive behaviors that monitor plan execution and handle exceptions. To further support this approach, design and analysis tools are under development to provide ways of graphically viewing the system and validating its behavior.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of an intrinsically chaotic field.

In contrast to earlier nonlinear-dynamics investigations concerning the consequences of coupling limit-cycle oscillators, we propose the conceptionally simple extension of studying the interaction dynamics of chaotic subsystems. We illustrate this by simulating a ``toy system,'' the dynamics of a linear chain of damped-driven pendulums where the state of the isolated individual pendulum is chaotic. The harmonic coupling between these chaotic oscillators results in a very complex and rich spatiotemporal dynamics as a function of coupling strength and system size. This suggests that the extension to realistic representations of physical systems may provide a fruitful paradigm for studying dynamical disorder in the real world.
Why is ‘is’ easier than ‘-s’?: acquisition of tense/agreement morphology by child second language learners of English

This study of first-language (L1) Russian children acquiring English as a second language (L2) investigates the reasons behind omission of verbal inflection in L2 acquisition and argues for presence of functional categories in L2 grammar. Analyses of spontaneous production data show that the child L2 learners (n = 20), while omitting inflection, almost never produce incorrect tense/agreement morphology. Furthermore, the L2 learners use suppletive inflection at a significantly higher rate than affixal inflection, and overgenerate be auxiliary forms in utterances lacking progressive participles (e.g., they are help people). A grammaticality judgement task of English tense/agreement morphology similarly shows that the child L2 English learners are significantly more sensitive to the be paradigm than to inflection on thematic verbs. These findings suggest that Tense is present in the learners’ L2 grammar, and that it is instantiated through forms of the be auxiliary. It is argued that omission of inflection i...
Making connections: Modeling epidemiological networks in mathematical modeling and HPC courses

Abstract Significant applications that demonstrate fundamental concepts and techniques are vital in computational science education. In this paper, we discuss development of simulations involving social networks and individual-based epidemiology that are appropriate for modeling and simulation, mathematical modeling, and high performance computing courses. Consideration of the computational graph theory concepts in this context can empower students to develop similar models for other applications. Moreover, execution of the model with massive amounts of data can illustrate and motivate the need for high performance computing in computational science. The module, “Getting the ‘Edge’ on the Next Flu Pandemic: We Should’a ‘Node’ Better,” which was developed by the authors as an Undergraduate Petascale Education Program (UPEP) Curriculum Module, used for instruction in two course and evaluated by class participants, is available at http://computationalscience.org/upep/curriculum. The module provides the biological background necessary to understand the application, the mathematical background needed to develop models, example solutions in Mathematica to help with implementation, quick review questions with answers to provide immediate feedback, and projects for further exploration.
A system to optimize mix-and-match overlay in lithography

Critical processing factors in the lithography process include overlaying the pattern properly to previous layers and properly exposing the pattern to achieve the desired line width. Proper overlay can only be attained in the lithography process while the desired line width accuracy is achieved by both lithography and etch processes. Since CD is substantially influenced by etch processing, therefore, it is possible to say that overlay is one of the most important processing elements in the lithography process. To achieve the desired overlay accuracy, it is desirable to expose critical layers with the same exposure tool that exposed the previous or target layer. This need to dedicate a particular exposure tool, however, complicates the lot dispatching schedule and, even worse, decreases exposure tool utilization. In order to allow any exposure tool available to print the arriving lot, M&M (Mix and Match) overlay control becomes necessary. By reducing overlay errors in M&M control, lot dispatching scheduling will become more flexible and exposure tool utilization will improve. Since each exposure tool has a unique registration signature, high order errors appear when overlaying multiple layers exposed with different tools. Even with the same exposure tool, if a different illumination is used, a similar error will be seen. A correction scheme to make the signature differences has to be implemented, however manually characterizing each tool's signature per illumination condition is extremely tedious, and is subject human errors. The challenge is to design a system to perform the corrections automatically. In the previous paper(1), we have outlined concepts of the system scheme. The system has subsequently been developed and tested using exposure tools. In this paper test results are shown using automated distortion correction. By analyzing the results, suggestions for further improvements and further developments are shown.
Fish oil and the immune system

Fish oil contains uniquely high amounts of n‐3 (or omega‐3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). N‐3 PUFA‐rich diets are associated with suppression of the immune system, and populations which have high dietary intakes of fish, such as Greenland Eskimos, have a low incidence of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. These observations have led to a growing interest in the potential use of n‐3 PUFAs as a nutritionally‐based approach to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and other inflammatory disorders. Although fish oils may not be as effective as either steroidal or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory medications, they may prove useful in reducing the dosage (and associated side‐effects) of these medications required to bring about clinical benefit. A greater understanding of the mechanisms by which fish oil affects immune function should aid in improving its efficacy in the treatment of over‐reactive immune disorders.
Two-dimensional second virial coefficients for curved surfaces

Abstract Theoretical calculations are reported for two-dimensional second virial coefficients of pairs of gas atoms interacting via Lennard-Jones potentials, but moving on curved surfaces. Results were obtained for spherical and cylindrical surfaces of varying radii. It was found that the virial coefficients show a very small dependence upon the radius of curvature down to extremely small radii; the significance of these results is discussed briefly.
Privacy and privilege: Patients', professionals', and the public's rights

Conflict between the individual's “right to privacy” and the public's “right to know” is increasing as insurance companies and other third parties are demanding more information about patients and clients and data banks are storing it for retrieval and later use. Social workers are ethically bound to protect the privacy of their relationships with patients and clients and the confidentiality of their communications. But there are situations in which the obligation to society is deemed greater than the individual's right to privacy, and even in states in which their patients' and clients' communications are granted privilege by law, the social worker can be required by law to divulge confidential information or risk being held in contempt of court. This paper will discuss the individual's “right to privacy,” “privilege” and its exceptions, and present examples of court decisions related to these issues.
Support for torture over time: Interrogating the American public about coercive tactics

In this study, we examine what influences public attitudes toward torture and whether the public's attitude affects or is affected by shifts in presidential policy on torture. We employed ten surve...
Interactive computer graphics and macromolecular structures

In 1964 on Project MAC at MIT, Levinthal and Langridge first applied interactive computer graphics to molecular model building (1, 2). Since then a number of laboratories have developed computer graphics systems to suit their particular needs (3, 4, 5, 6).I shall begin by describing the system that we have developed in the Princeton University Computer Graphics Laboratory during the past year to investigate macromolecular structures.
Reactivity of the Cu2O(100) surface: Insights from first principles calculations

Abstract We present a summary of results of systematic first principles calculations of the electronic and geometric structures of the Cu 2 O(1 0 0) surface and the process of CO oxidation on this surface (energetics and pathways of adsorption, diffusion and reactions of CO and O 2 on the surface). The ( p , T ) phase diagram of the Cu 2 O(1 0 0) in equilibrium of with gas phase O 2 built using the ab initio thermodynamics approach suggests that the O-terminated surface is preferred over the Cu-terminated one within the entire ranges of pressures and temperatures in which the compound exists. Metastable Cu-terminated Cu 2 O(1 0 0) is found to undergo a surface reconstruction in agreement with experiment. We find CO to oxidize spontaneously on the O-terminated Cu 2 O(1 0 0) surface by consuming surface O atoms. Our calculations also show that the surface O-vacancies left in the course of the CO oxidation can be easily filled with dissociative adsorption of the gas phase O 2 molecules, which are usually present in reaction environment.
Predictors of Outcome of Arterial Switch Operation for Complex D-Transposition

Background Overall mortality and reoperation risk for the arterial switch operation (ASO) for D-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) is low. D-TGA with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and aortic arch obstruction (AAO) is a higher risk subgroup in which we sought risk factors for mortality and reoperation after ASO. Methods Echocardiograms of 74 patients who underwent ASO, VSD, and arch repair for D-TGA, VSD and AAO were reviewed; the reoperation analysis considered the 65 survivors. Pre-ASO clinical and anatomic characteristics were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors; patients who required (R) and did not require (NR) reoperation. Results Distal transverse aortic arch (TrAo) z score equal to −2.5 or less, triscuspid valve z score less than 0, repaired muscular VSD, and circulatory arrest time were significant predictors of mortality. When stratified for circulatory arrest time below 60 minutes, small distal transverse aortic arch and tricuspid valve remained significant predictors of mortality. Mean aortic annulus size was smaller in R than NR ( p = 0.048). Left coronary artery arising posteriorly was associated with a reoperation hazard ratio of 5.2 ( p = 0.022). Conclusions Preoperative anatomy was associated with death and reoperation post-ASO. Small TrAo and TV were risk factors for mortality in univariate analysis, and remained significant in the subset of patients with short circulatory arrest times, suggesting that even when controlling for technical factors, anatomic risk factors predict mortality. Small aortic annulus and posterior left circumflex artery origin were associated with reoperation. Patients with D-TGA, VSD, and AAO constitute a higher risk group, which includes patients who may be marginal candidates for two-ventricle repair.
Unmanned ground vehicle perception using thermal infrared cameras

The ability to perform off-road autonomous navigation at any time of day or night is a requirement for some unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) programs. Because there are times when it is desirable for military UGVs to operate without emitting strong, detectable electromagnetic signals, a passive only terrain perception mode of operation is also often a requirement. Thermal infrared (TIR) cameras can be used to provide day and night passive terrain perception. TIR cameras have a detector sensitive to either mid-wave infrared (MWIR) radiation (3-5?m) or long-wave infrared (LWIR) radiation (8-12?m). With the recent emergence of high-quality uncooled LWIR cameras, TIR cameras have become viable passive perception options for some UGV programs. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has used a stereo pair of TIR cameras under several UGV programs to perform stereo ranging, terrain mapping, tree-trunk detection, pedestrian detection, negative obstacle detection, and water detection based on object reflections. In addition, we have evaluated stereo range data at a variety of UGV speeds, evaluated dual-band TIR classification of soil, vegetation, and rock terrain types, analyzed 24 hour water and 12 hour mud TIR imagery, and analyzed TIR imagery for hazard detection through smoke. Since TIR cameras do not currently provide the resolution available from megapixel color cameras, a UGV's daytime safe speed is often reduced when using TIR instead of color cameras. In this paper, we summarize the UGV terrain perception work JPL has performed with TIR cameras over the last decade and describe a calibration target developed by General Dynamics Robotic Systems (GDRS) for TIR cameras and other sensors.
Regulation of glut1 mRNA by Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 INTERACTION BETWEEN H-ras AND HYPOXIA

Oncogenic transformation and hypoxia both induceglut1 mRNA. We studied the interaction between theras oncogene and hypoxia in up-regulating glut1mRNA levels using Rat1 fibroblasts transformed with H-ras (Rat1-ras). Transformation with H-ras led to a substantial increase in glut1mRNA levels under normoxic conditions and additively increasedglut1 mRNA levels in concert with hypoxia. Using a luciferase reporter construct containing 6 kilobase pairs of theglut1 promoter, we showed that this effect was mediated at the transcriptional level. Promoter activity was much higher in Rat1-ras cells than in Rat1 cells and could be down-regulated by cotransfection with a dominant negative Ras construct (RasN17). A 480-base pair (bp) cobalt/hypoxia-responsive fragment of the promoter containing a HIF-1 binding site showed significantly higher activity in Rat1-ras cells than in Rat1 cells, suggesting that Ras might mediate its effect through HIF-1 even under normoxic conditions. Consistent with this, Rat1-ras cells displayed higher levels of HIF1-α protein under normoxic conditions. In addition, a promoter construct containing a 4-bp mutation in the HIF1 binding site showed lower activity in Rat1-ras cells than a construct with an intact HIF1 binding site. The activity of the latter construct but not the former could be down-regulated by RasN17, supporting the importance of the HIF1 binding site in regulation by Ras. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY29004 down-regulated glut1 promoter activity and mRNA levels under normoxia and also decreased HIF1α protein levels in these cells. Collectively these results indicate that H-Ras up-regulates theglut1 promoter, at least in part, by increasing HIF-1α protein levels leading to transactivation of promoter through the HIF-1 binding site.
Ars2 maintains neural stem-cell identity through direct transcriptional activation of Sox2

Mammalian zinc finger protein Ars2 is revealed as a sequence-specific transcription factor that promotes the self-renewal of postnatal and adult neural stem cells by directly activating transcription of the pluripotency factor Sox2.
NMR Spectra of reorienting nuclear pairs in solids: Application to conformational changes

Abstract The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum is calculated for a solid containing relatively isolated pairs of nuclei where there is rapid reorientation of the pairs between two fixed directions. Expressions are given for the profile of the spectrum for polycrystalline material as a function of the angle between two orientations. The second moment of the spectrum is derived and also the linewidth between singularities. Reorientation of nuclear pairs may be encountered with conformational changes of cyclic molecules in solids. The theory is applied to solid cyclobutane to examine the hypothesis that ring inversion is responsible for the narrowing of the proton magnetic resonance spectrum in the low temperature phase. Ring inversion between the two equivalent conformers reorients the methylene proton pairs between two fixed directions. The theory is consistent with the reduced second moment and with the doublet fine structure separation.
Using an artificial neural network to diagnose hepatic masses

Using abdominal ultrasonographic data and laboratory tests, radiologists often find differential diagnoses of hepatic masses difficult. A computerized second opinion would be especially helpful for clinicians in diagnosing liver cancer because of the difficulty of such diagnoses. A back-propagation neural network was designed to diagnose five classifications of hepatic masses: hepatoma, metastic carcinoma, abscess, cavernous hemangioma, and cirrhosis. The network input consisted of 35 numbers per patient case that represented ultrasonographic data and laboratory tests. The network architecture had 35 elements in the input layer, two hidden layers of 35 elements each, and 5 elements in the output layer. After being trained to a learning tolerance of 1%, the network classified hepatic masses correctly in 48 of 64 cases. An accuracy of 75% is higher than the 50% scored by the average radiology resident in training but lower than the 90% scored by the typical board-certified radiologist. When sufficiently sophisticated, a neural network may significantly improve the analysis of hepatic-mass radiographs.
FSU-GSM forecast error sensitivity to initial conditions: Application to Indian summer monsoon

The full-physics adjoint of the FSU Global Spectral Model of version T42L12 is applied to carry out sensitivity analysis of the localized model forecast error to the initial conditions for a case test occurring on June 8, 1988 during the Indian summer monsoon. The results show that adjoint sensitivity based on ECMWF analysis can be used to identify regions with large analysis uncertainties. The conclusion is that more observations are required over the northern Bay of Bengal to improve the quality of analyses so as to ameliorate the model forecast skill.
The Baldrige Education Pilot Criteria 1995: An Integrated Approach to Continuous Improvement in Education

Abstract The Baldrige Education Pilot Criteria were developed in response to strong interest by the education community and business leaders in having a set of criteria, similar to the very successful Baldrige Criteria, to guide the evergrowing quality efforts by educational institutions. The goals of the Education Criteria, which were pilot-tested in 1995 in parallel with the Baldrige Award for businesses, are (a) “delivery of ever-improving educational value to students, contributing to their overall development and well-being;” and (b) “Improvement of overall school effectiveness, use of resources, and capabilities.” This article describes the Education Pilot Criteria and proposes that they are highly compatible with the AACSB standards and provide a useful guideline for improving the quality of business schools.
Configuration factors for thermal radiation from isothermal inner walls of cones and cylinders.

Thermal radiation into space of limited areas of inner walls of space radiators determined, assuming cylinder and cone are isothermal black body radiators
Synthesis of some 7-substituted 3-chloro-3,4-dihydro-1-hydroxycarbostyrils by the reduction cyclization of α-chloro-β-(4-substituted-2-nitrophenyl)propionic acids

A new method was developed for the synthesis of some 7-substituted 3-chloro-3,4-dihydro-l-hydroxycarbostyrils 3c-g in which α-chloro-β-(4-substituted-2-nitrophenyl)propionic acids 2c-g were reductively cyclized by catalytic hydrogenation over platinum-on-carbon sulfided catalyst. In particular, this method was applied to α-chloro-β-(2-nitrophenyl)propionic acids bearing 4-methyl 2c, 4-ethyl 2d, 4-ethoxy 2e, 4-(n-butyl 2f and 4-phenyl 2g substituents to afford good yields of the corresponding 7-methyl 3c, 7-ethyl 3d, 7-ethoxy 3e, 7-(n-butyl) 3f, and 7-phenyl 3g substituted 3-chloro-3,4-dihydro-l-hydroxycarbostyrils. The various 4-substituted α-chloro-β-(2-nitrophenyl)propionic acids 2c-q were synthesized by reacting the in situ diazotized salts of the appropriate 4-substituted-2-nitroanilines in aqueous acetone with acrylic acid in the presence of cuprous chloride and hydrochloric acid. All compounds prepared in this study were characterized by microanalytical and ir and nmr spectral data.