cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of a series of diarylguanidines that are noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists with neuroprotective properties

Abstract Four diarylguanidine derivatives were synthesized. These compounds were found to displace, at submicromolar concentrations, 3H-labeled 1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine and (+)-[3H]MK-801 from phencyclidine receptors in brain membrane preparations. In electrophysiological experiments the diarylguanidines blocked N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-activated ion channels. These diarylguanidines also protected rat hippocampal neurons in vitro from glutamate-induced cell death. Our results show that some diarylguanidines are noncompetitive antagonists of NMDA receptor-mediated responses and have the neuroprotective property that is commonly associated with blockers of the NMDA receptor-gated cation channel. Diarylguanidines are structurally unrelated to known blockers of NMDA channels and, therefore, represent a new compound series for the development of neuroprotective agents with therapeutic value in patients suffering from stroke, from brain or spinal cord trauma, from hypoglycemia, and possibly from brain ischemia due to heart attack.
Step-induced magnetic-hysteresis anisotropy in ferromagnetic thin films

We investigate the quasistatic magnetic hysteresis of ferromagnetic thin films grown on a vicinal substrate, using Monte Carlo simulations within a two-dimensional XY model. Intrinsic in-plane anisotropy is assigned to surface sites according to their local symmetry. The simulated hysteresis loops show a strong anisotropy: the coercive field is the largest when the external field is along the step direction and vanishes when the external field is perpendicular to the step direction. In general, the coercivity increases with increasing step density, but displays a more complex dependence on film thickness. The simulations also suggest that the mechanism for the magnetization reversal is coherent rotation. These results are in good agreement with experiments.
Flow cytometric phase-resolved discrimination of damaged/dead cells by propidium iodide uptake in macrophages having phagocytized fluorescent microspheres

Instilled particle burdens of uniform green-yellow fluorescent microspheres phagocytized by rat alveolar (lung) macrophages and cell viability, as indexed by propidium iodide uptake (red fluorescence), were assessed using flow cytometry. Since the spectral emission from phagocytized microspheres partially overlapped the propidium iodide fluorescence and interfered with the conventional flow cytometric measurement of damaged/dead cells without subtractive compensation, this caused errors when estimating the percentage of non-viable, propidium iodide positive, phagocytic macrophages. The interference was eliminated by employing phase-sensitive detection in the red fluorescence measurement channel based on differences in lifetimes between the fluorescent microspheres and propidium iodide. In addition, intrinsic cellular autofluorescence, whose fluorescence lifetime is approximately the same as the phagocytized microspheres, also was eliminated in the measurement process. Since there was no detectable spectral interference of propidium iodide in the green fluorescence (particle phagocytosis) measurement channel, conventional fluorescence detection was employed.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Prospects For MBA Enrollments, 1978-1990

Beyond doubt realistic projections of MBA enrollment are needed, but the available estimates are unreliable. This study provides an alternative methodology for projecting MBA's to 1990. The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) projects MBA's by compounding a series of five past ratios. The NCES methodology projects a decline in MBA's beginning in 1984-85. Our methodology examines variables reflecting costs, benefits, institutional factors and changes in the age-eligible population. The model that best explains MBA output of the past 12 years and interrelates future conditions, projects MBA enrollments to increase at a decreasing rate through 1990-91. Also, there will be a continuation of the enrollment shift from the traditional full-time MBA program to part-time evening MBA programs on urban campuses.
Concentration profiles in impregnation of porous catalysts

Abstract Regulation of the depth and uniformity of the impregnation of catalyst support pellets with an active ingredient is of considerable industrial importance. A model for the time-dependent flow of impregnating solution into a dry pellet and interior dispersal of impregnant is presented. It consists of plug flow into a single pore with either mass transfer across the liquid-solid interface or adsorption kinetics providing resistance to the removal of impregnant from solution. Predictions based on the model are consistent with laboratory impregnations. Of three independent parameters, the relative capacity for adsorption is both the most important in regulating dispersal and the easiest to adjust in practice.
Evaluation of Turbulence-Model Performance as Applied to Jet-Noise Prediction

The accurate prediction of jet noise is possible only if the jet flow field can be predicted accurately. Predictions for the mean velocity and turbulence quantities in the jet flowfield are typically the product of a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver coupled with a turbulence model. To evaluate the effectiveness of solvers and turbulence models in predicting those quantities most important to jet noise prediction, two CFD codes and several turbulence models were applied to a jet configuration over a range of jet temperatures for which experimental data is available.
Lessons from Marrano Beach: Attachment and Culture

SUMMARY Clinical experiences, research within the American Indian/Alaska Native and Latino/a Los Angeles community, consultation with colleagues, and reflections on professional development indicate that cultural material exerts profound influence on individual, family, and community development. Reflections on practice are discussed that emphasize the role of theory, the significance of culture, and the importance of consultation in all levels of social work practice. In particular, the discussion notes that the prevailing paradigm on cultural competency can be expanded by integrating concepts from attachment theory in the analysis of why culture exerts such a profound influence on human development and behavior.
A mechanism regulating proteolysis of specific proteins during renal tubular cell growth

Growth factors suppress the degradation of cellular proteins in lysosomes in renal epithelial cells. Whether this process also involves specific classes of proteins that influence growth processes is unknown. We investigated chaperone-mediated autophagy, a lysosomal import pathway that depends on the 73-kDa heat shock cognate protein and allows the degradation of proteins containing a specific lysosomal import consensus sequence (KFERQ motif). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) or ammonia, but not transforming growth factor β1, suppresses total protein breakdown in cultured NRK-52E renal epithelial cells. EGF or ammonia prolonged the half-life of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a classic substrate for chaperone-mediated autophagy, by more than 90%, whereas transforming growth factor β1 did not. EGF caused a similar increase in the half-life of the KFERQ-containing paired box-related transcription factor, Pax2. The increase in half-life was accompanied by an increased accumulation of proteins with a KFERQ motif including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and Pax2. Ammonia also increased the level of the Pax2 protein. Lysosomal import of KFERQ proteins depends on the abundance of the 96-kDa lysosomal glycoprotein protein (lgp96), and we found that EGF caused a significant decrease in lgp96 in cellular homogenates and associated with lysosomes. We conclude that EGF in cultured renal cells regulates the breakdown of proteins targeted for destruction by chaperone-mediated autophagy. Because suppression of this pathway results in an increase in Pax2, these results suggest a novel mechanism for the regulation of cell growth.
Flow cytoenzymology of the early differentiation of mouse embryonal carcinoma cells.

Dual parameter flow cytoenzymology was used to detect biochemical differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells, the undifferentiated, multipotent stem cells of teratocarcinomas. With the use of fluorogenic substrates, two enzyme systems, alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1.) and carboxyl esterase (EC 3.1.1.), were studied. Embryonal carcinoma cells passaged in vitro for several years retained high alkaline phosphatase activities similar to those of embryonal carcinoma cells in embryoid bodies grown in vivo. Similar to the embryonal carcinoma cells in vivo, the in vitro embryonal carcinoma cells were capable of giving rise to progeny with greatly decreased levels of alkaline phosphatase. The embryonal carcinoma cell alkaline phosphatase was inhibited by l-p-bromotetramisole, suggesting a relationship between this enzyme and somatic, nonintestinal alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Determinations of esterase activities in viable teratocarcinoma cells showed that prior to any evidence of morphologic differentiation, the embryonal carcinoma cells are quite heterogeneous with regard to esterase activities.
Paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin (TFL) in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

To assess the activity of paclitaxel in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin in breast cancer, a phase II trial was conducted in women with metastatic disease. Toxicity, response rate, median survival, median duration of response, and median time to disease progression were measured. Between January 1994 and May 1996, 47 patients with metastatic breast cancer and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) < or = 2 who had previously been treated with chemotherapy received 175 mg/m2 paclitaxel over 3 hours on day 1. After paclitaxel administration, 300 mg intravenous (i.v.) leucovorin over 30 minutes was administered followed by 350 mg/m2 i.v. push 5-FU. Both 5-FU and leucovorin were given on days 1-3. Treatment was repeated every 28 days for a minimum of 6 cycles per patient. Two (4%) patients had a complete response and 21 (45%) patients had a partial response for an overall response rate of 49% (95% confidence interval: 35%-63%). The median survival was 17.7 months, median duration of response was 8.6 months, and median time to disease progression was 6.3 months. There was no statistical difference in survival or time to progression between anthracycline-naive, anthracycline-sensitive, and anthracycline-resistant patients. Nine (19%) patients had grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, and no patient required blood or platelet transfusion. The most frequently observed nonhematologic toxicities were arthralgia and myalgia. Pharmacokinetic data were obtained on 19 patients. Responders had higher peak plasma concentrations of paclitaxel than nonresponders (4.46 vs. 2.9 micrograms/mL; P = 0.02). Paclitaxel/5-fluorouracil/leucovorin is an active, well-tolerated regimen for patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Debating the merits of biotech crop adoption in sub-Saharan Africa distributional impacts, climatic variability and pest dynamics

The debate on whether genetically engineered (GE) crops can alleviate poverty in Africa continues to intensify. Thus far only one GE crop has been commercialized among smallholders – a pest resista...
Static and dynamic properties of gravity-sensitive receptors in the cat vestibular system.

The spike activity of eighth cranial nerve units tonically responsive to head position was recorded in cats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, and related with linear accelerations induced by gravity during maintained positions and during dynamic trajectories achieved through rolling around a rostro-caudal axis.
Promoter analysis of human glutamate carboxypeptidase II

The expression of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP II) is reduced in selective brain regions in schizophrenic patients. To investigate transcriptional mechanisms regulating the human GCP II gene, a 3460 bp DNA fragment comprised of the proximal 3228 bp of 5' untranscribed sequence and first 232 bp of 5' UTR portion of this gene was cloned into the mammalian luciferase reporter gene vector pGL3-Basic. Transfection assays in human astrocyte-derived SVG and human prostate tumor-derived LNCaP cells demonstrated that constructs with 3460, 1590 and 761 bp portions of 5' region of human GCP II gene were able to drive the luciferase reporter gene. Additional deletion constructs showed that in the SVG cell line, constructs with 511 and 411 bp of GCP II gene fragments yielded highest transcriptional activity, with declining activity upon further removal of 5' sequences. 15 bp of the promoter 5' to a 225 bp GCP II fragment were essential for luciferase expression. Thus, in the SVG cells, the proximal 240 bp of the human GCP II promoter (232 bp of the 5' UTR and 8 bp of 5' untranscribed sequences) may represent the core promoter. Further, while a LyF-1 site lies within and overlaps a transcription start site in the 15 bp sequence, site-directed mutagenesis shows that LyF-1 is not the transcription initiator for the "TATA and CAAT" box lacking GCP II gene in the SVG cells. Finally, pattern differences in GCP II gene promoter expression in SVG and LNCaP cells suggest that sequences beyond 240 bp may be important for tissue-specific GCP II expression.
Teaching healthy behaviour knowledge in primary school physical education

Summary Study aim: To determine the effectiveness of a newly designed series of fitness segments that can be used to provide healthy behaviour knowledge (HBK) for 5th grade Physical Education classes. Materials and methods: 641 pupils from six intervention (n = 401) and five control ( n = 240) schools were used. The intervention schools received a five-week intervention of 12-minute fitness segments for each class period. A cognitive test that has been shown to produce valid and reliable scores (28-questions) was used to assess pupils’ HBK at pre – and post – examination. Pedometers were also used to examine physical activity levels differences. Hierarchical Linear Modeling using a two-level multilevel model was used to investigate mean changes in HBK between intervention and control groups. Results: Pupils in the intervention classes had 0.8-unit greater mean improvements in HBK than did control pupils (p < 0.05). Girls also had greater mean changes in HBK than did boys (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between intervention and control groups in physical activity levels. Conclusions: This type of fitness segment can be one strategy used by teachers to aid the instruction of HBK without decreas ing physical activity participation in classes.
Integration of floral inductive signals in Arabidopsis

Flowering of Arabidopsis is regulated by a daylength-dependent pathway that accelerates flowering in long days and a daylength-independent pathway that ensures flowering in the absence of inductive conditions1,2,3. These pathways are genetically separable, as there are mutations that delay flowering in long but not short days4. Conversely, mutations that block synthesis of the hormone gibberellin abolish flowering in short days, but have on their own only a minor effect in long days5. A third pathway, the autonomous pathway, probably acts by modulating the other two pathways3. Understanding where and how these pathways are integrated is a prerequisite for understanding why similar environmental or endogenous cues can elicit opposite flowering responses in different plants6,7. In Arabidopsis, floral induction leads ultimately to the upregulation of floral meristem-identity genes such as LEAFY8,9,10,11,12,13, indicating that floral inductive signals are integrated upstream of LEAFY. Here we show that gibberellins activate the LEAFY promoter through cis elements that are different from those that are sufficient for the daylength response, demonstrating that the LEAFY promoter integrates environmental and endogenous signals controlling flowering time.
Temporal pattern generation in coupled oscillators: a model for the Tritonia trigger group

Abstract The “trigger group” is a subpopulation of about thirty identical, electrically coupled nerve cells in the brain of the mollusc Tritonia . When one or more of these cells is stimulated, the response of the trigger group consists of a series of bursts of action potentials separated by silent periods (bursting). When individual cells are stimulated in isolation, the response consists of a steady train of action potentials. A model for this cell population may be represented as a pair of coupled “oscillators.” When uncoupled, one of these has a stable equilibrium point, while the other has an attractive limit cycle. When coupled, both oscillate in a manner which simulates bursting. Numerical solution of the differential equations of this system are presented. A semiheuristic analysis of the behavior of the system is given. This analysis is used to examine the role of the various nerve membrane conductances in generating the bursting waveform.
Tungsten doping into vanadium dioxide thermochromic films by high-energy ion implantation and thermal annealing

Abstract Doping of W into VO 2 was done by high-energy (1.0 MeV) ion beam implantation and thermal annealing for the first time. The implantation was performed with different ion doses of 0.86, 2.18 and 6.12×10 15 ions/cm 2 on a VO 2 polycrystalline film sputter-deposited on Si. The film was characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and spectrophotometry. Deterioration of thermochromism and change in surface morphology after implantation, resulting from the irradiation damage such as amorphization, were observed and the extent increased with ion dose. Recrystallization of the implanted film and recovery of thermochromism were obtained by annealing at 400°C in air for 60 min. The W doping resulted in a substantial reduction in the critical temperature τ c for the phase transition of VO 2 .
Localized Scheduling for Practical and Optimal Capacity Utilization in Large Wireless Networks

Given many known results on wireless network capacity, practical and optimal capacity utilization remains an open question. The existing link scheduling schemes in the literature are not applicable in large wireless networks because of their global operations for topology collection and transmission synchronization. As network size increases, global operations become infeasible to implement. We propose in this paper a localized link scheduling solution for achieving order optimal network capacity. Our method eliminates the global operations and improves significantly the practicality of scheduling implementation. As the cost, localized scheduling reduces the network capacity utilization. However, we prove that the reduction can be bounded by a constant factor. From the scaling order point of view, we hence provide a practical scheduling approach to optimize the network utilization.
Power control in wireless CDMA: performance with cell site antenna arrays

To combat the near-far problem, tight power control is essential in the use of direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) communication systems. Recently, antenna arrays and adaptive beamforming at base station were proposed for improving system performance. This paper studies the closed loop power control (CLPC) performance with antenna arrays (AA) and adaptive beamforming through a combination of analysis and discrete event simulations. Our results show that with small angle spread, adaptive beamforming with AA has little effect on the CLPC performance. However, with larger angle spread, better performance is obtained due to space diversity.
Developing privacy solutions for sharing and analysing healthcare data

The extensive use of electronic healthcare data has increased privacy concerns. While most healthcare organisations are conscientious in protecting their data in their databases, very few organisations take enough precautions to protect data that is shared with known third party organisations. Recently the regulatory environment has tightened the laws to enforce privacy protection. The goal of this research is to explore the application of data masking solutions for protecting patient privacy when data is shared with external organisations for research, analysis and other similar purposes. Specifically, this research project develops a system that protects data without removing sensitive attributes. Our application allows high quality data analysis with the masked data. Dataset-level properties and statistics remain approximately the same after data masking; however, individual record-level values are altered to prevent privacy disclosure. A pilot evaluation study on large real-world healthcare data shows the effectiveness of our solution in privacy protection.
Inhibition of Ultraviolet Radiation Mediated Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Fibroblasts by Transforming Growth Factor-β

Abstract. The extracellular matrix is synthesized predominantly by fibroblasts and gives tissue its structural integrity. It is remodeled by ultraviolet radiation via the increased expression/activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and inhibition of the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP). On the other hand, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) stimulates extracellular matrix deposition. The hypothesis of the research was the counteraction of UV radiation effects on fibroblasts by a TGF-β inducing agent (AT). Non-irradiated and UVB radiated fibroblasts were exposed to AT and examined for MMP-1 promoter activity, and expression of MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. AT inhibited MMP-1 promoter activity and dramatically stimulated MMP-2 expression; its effects were antagonized by UV radiation. The dramatic stimulation of TIMPs by AT predominated in non-irradiated and UV irradiated fibroblasts. TGF-β induction in fibroblasts is therefore an effective strategy to counteract UV radiation induced...
Effects of traumatic hypovolemic shock on renal function

Abstract Renal and systemic hemodynamic evaluations were made in 16 patients within 12- to 72-hr after injury in an effort to determine the effects of severe traumatic hypovolemic shock on renal function. Eleven patients were again studied in the convalescent period. All patients had stable vital signs at time of renal evaluation and no patient received vasopressors or diuretics within 24 hr of study. The early postresuscitative period was associated with a significant reduction in effective renal plasma flow, true renal plasma flow, true renal blood flow, renal oxygen consumption, and the percentage of renal blood flow compared to the total cardiac output; renal vascular resistance, osmolar clearance, and sodium clearance were increased at this time. The glomerular filtration rate, extracellular fluid space, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance remained normal. All abnormal renal parameters returned to normal with convalescence except in those patients who developed nonoliguric renal failure which was associated with a persistant decrease in glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow during convalescence. The clinical significance of these findings including the roles of loop diuretics and vasodilators are discussed.
Advances in Estuarine Physics

Recent advances in our understanding of estuarine circulation and salinity structure are reviewed. We focus on well- and partially mixed systems that are long relative to the tidal excursion. Dynamics of the coupled system of width- and tidally averaged momentum and salt equations are now better understood owing to the development of simple numerical solution techniques. These have led to a greater appreciation of the key role played by the time dependency of the length of the salt intrusion. Improved realism in simplified tidally averaged physics has been driven by simultaneous advances in our understanding of the detailed dynamics within the tidal cycle and across irregular channel cross-sections. The complex interactions of turbulence, stratification, and advection are now understood well enough to motivate a new generation of physically plausible mixing parameterizations for the tidally averaged equations.
Digital Storytelling: An empirical study of the impact of digital storytelling on pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy and dispositions towards educational technology

This study examined the effects of the digital storytelling experience on pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy towards edu cational technology. Additionally, this study examined professional dispositions including openness to change towards educational technology, degree of willingness to participate in professional development and technology training, and willingness to work beyond the contractual work hours for technology infusion in classrooms. A total of 98 pre-service teachers participated in the study. After participating in a brief tutorial session, participants spent a week creating their own personal stories using Photo Story software. Results indicated that participants’ technology competency and openness to change towards educational technology improved with the experience of digital storytelling. While teaching pre-service teachers about educational technology and classroom technology integration is important, transferring the technology knowledge and skills that they already possess into the learning environment is also important.
Fenestration of intracranial arteries with special attention to associated aneurysms and other anomalies.

PURPOSE To determine the association of intracranial arterial fenestration and aneurysms. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 5,190 cerebral angiogram reports and identified 37 patients with arterial fenestrations. RESULTS These 37 patients had 38 fenestrated arteries: 16 basilar, 10 vertebral, nine middle cerebral, and three anterior cerebral arteries. Seven of these patients had a total of 13 aneurysms, although only one aneurysm was at the site of a fenestration. The remaining aneurysm patients had fenestrations as unassociated findings. Other anomalies detected were two azygous anterior cerebral arteries, on dural arteriovenous shunt of the cavernous sinus, one extracranial arteriovenous fistula, and one developmental venous anomaly (venous angioma). None of the fenestrations were in the vessels directly involved with these associated lesions. The incidence of aneurysm at the fenestration was 7% (one in 16) for basilar artery fenestrations. Considering all fenestrations, the incidence of aneurysm at the site of fenestration was 3%. CONCLUSION Our data show that the association of a fenestration with an aneurysm at the fenestration site is not different from the typical association of circle of Willis bifurcations with saccular aneurysms.
Latitudinal variation in photoperiodic response of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in western North America.

Reproductive maturation in both male and female three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus was strongly photoperiodic in a northern population (Alaska, 61° N) but not in a southern population (Oregon, 43° N) from western North America. Increasing reliance on photoperiod with increasing latitude is a general phenomenon among vertebrates, and is probably due to the anticipation of a narrower window of opportunity for reproduction and development at higher latitudes.
Conservative management of bilateral Sertoli cell tumors of the testicle in association with the Carney complex: a case report

Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor of the testicle is a rare, hormonally active sex cord-stromal tumor seen in patients with Carney complex. When such tumors occur bilaterally, treatment options for preserving fertility and addressing the secondary effects of excess hormone production must be considered. The availability of specific antiestrogen drugs means that bilateral orchiectomy for this benign tumor may no longer be warranted. Testicular-sparing surgery and advances in reproductive technology may also improve the overall prognosis for fertility. Gynecomastia in prepubescent boys can be emotionally very distressing. Approximately two thirds of teenaged boys will develop some degree of breast enlargement that spontaneously regresses as testosterone levels rise (Ill Med J 1938;73:113). In all cases, a thorough history and physical examination are required to exclude nonphysiologic causes such as drugs, pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease, exogenous estrogens, and estrogen-producing tumors (Seashore J. Disorders of the breast. In: Rowe MI, O'Neill JA, Grosfeld JL et al, editors. Pediatric surgery, 5th ed. St Louis (MO): Mosby Year Book, 1998). We report on a child who presented with a 2-year history of gynecomastia with associated bilateral testicular swellings and discuss a novel treatment strategy for managing bilateral testicular tumors in the context of the Carney complex.
Diversity in Human Behavioral Ecology

As befitting an evolutionary approach to the study of human behavior, the papers in this special issue of Human Nature cover a diversity of topics in modern and traditional societies. They include the goals of hunting in foraging societies, social bias, cooperative breeding, the impact of war on women, leadership, and social mobility. In combination these contributions demonstrate the utility of selectionist’s thinking on a wide variety of topics. While many of the contributions employ standard evolutionary biological approaches such as kin selection, cooperative breeding and the Trivers-Willard model, others examine important human issues such as the problems of trust, the cost of war to women, the characteristics of leaders, and what might be called honest or rule-bound fights. One striking feature of many of the contributions is a novel reexamination of traditional research questions from an evolutionary perspective.
MAGE-specific T cells detected directly ex-vivo correlate with complete remission in metastatic breast cancer patients after sequential immune-endocrine therapy

Studies suggest that conventional cancer therapies given after immunotherapy (IT) can boost antitumor immunity and possibly improve response rates and progression-free survival. We report two cases of metastatic breast cancer with durable complete responses (CRs) after sequential IT and endocrine therapy. Immune analyses of these long-term disease-free breast cancer patients previously treated with imiquimod (IMQ) suggest in-situ vaccination is achieved by topical application of the TLR-7 agonist directly onto tumors. Furthermore, IT-induced antigen-specific T cells were expanded by subsequent endocrine therapy and correlated with response, persisting > 2 years. Our findings therefore suggest that the induction/boosting of polyfunctional tumor antigen-specific T in response to sequential immune endocrine therapy and detected directly ex-vivo can serve as a peripheral blood biomarker for true clinical benefit.
CHARM: a composable heterogeneous accelerator-rich microprocessor

This work discusses CHARM, a Composable Heterogeneous Accelerator-Rich Microprocessor design that provides scalability, flexibility, and design reuse in the space of accelerator-rich CMPs. CHARM features a hardware structure called the accelerator block composer (ABC), which can dynamically compose a set of accelerator building blocks (ABBs) into a loosely coupled accelerator (LCA) to provide orders of magnitude improvement in performance and power efficiency. Our software infrastructure provides a data flow graph to describe the composition, and our hardware components dynamically map available resources to the data flow graph to compose the accelerator from components that may be physically distributed across the CMP. Our ABC is also capable of providing load balancing among available compute resources to increase accelerator utilization. Running medical imaging benchmarks, our experimental results show an average speedup of 2.1X (best case 3.7X) compared to approaches that use LCAs together with a hardware resource manager. We also gain in terms of energy consumption (average 2.4X; best case 4.7X).
Le suicide des jeunes : une pathologie du devenir adulte contemporain

Cet article presente l’analyse d’une trentaine de cas de suicide de jeunes a partir d’entrevues avec les proches. L’enquete revele un contraste marque entre deux logiques passionnelles reperables dans la vie de ces jeunes et exprimees a travers leur suicide : la peur (adolescente) et le refus (jeune) du devenir adulte, passions qui ont cru dans des contextes familiaux eux aussi nettement contrastes. Apprehendant a partir de la le suicide des jeunes comme pathologie sociale, l’auteur ouvre la porte a l’interpretation de ces types comme types anomiques et fatalistes purs, anthropologiques. L’approche proposee se veut une refutation du paradigme suicidologique.
The native subspecies of Juncus effusus (Juncaceae) in western North America

Juncus effusus s. str. has two native representatives on the coast of western North America. A new combination is provided forJuncus effusus subsp.pacificus, ranging from California to British Columbia.Juncus effusus subsp.austrocalifornicus is newly described from southernmost California, Arizona, and Baja California, Mexico. It differs from subsp.pacificus by its pale sheaths, with less thickened and less overlapping margins, and its disjunct distribution. A key is provided for the subspecies ofJ. effusus in North America.
Iron supplementation of the lactating mouse and suckling neonates.

Iron was administered orally or parenterally to lactating mice in an attempt to supplement their suckling neonates by raising the iron content of their milk. When rodent stock diet was fed, supplementation of lactating dams for 14 to 19 days by repeated intramuscular injection of iron-dextran increased ferritin iron stores significantly in the livers of both dams and sucklings, but hemoglobin concentration remained suboptimal in both dams and neonates unless supplemental copper was provided. Fed 10 HIMFeSO4 in a liquid milk diet (with or without 0.05 mM CuSO4) for 19 days, lactating dams had maximal hemoglobin and stored 40-times more liver ferritin iron than unsupplemented dams; their sucklings developed hemoglobin concentrations that appeared maximal for the neonate and liver rerritin iron stores that were 18-times greater than those in sucklings from unsupplemented dams. Stock diet along with supplemental oral iron (5 HIM ferric citrate polymer) and copper (0.05 mM CuSO4) produced similar results and, in addition, raised maternal ceruloplasmin and neo natal liver copper concentrations above those of unsupplemented mice. Environmental contamination was ruled out as a source of supplemental iron for the sucklings. These data are the first to demonstrate that the iron content of milk can be raised in vivo by supplementation during lactation. Vigorous iron supplementation of the female mouse during lactation can thus be an effective way of maintaining optimal hemoglobin and ferritin iron reserves in both the dam and suckling neonates. J. Nutr. 107: 1377-1384,1977.
Acoustic imaging and visualization of plumes discharging from black smoker vents on the deep seafloor

Visualization and quantification methods are being developed to analyze our acoustic images of thermal plumes containing metallic mineral particles that discharge from hot springs on the deep seafloor. The acoustic images record intensity of backscattering from the particulate matter suspended in the plumes. The visualization methods extract, classify, visualize, measure and track reconstructions of the plumes, depicted by isointensity surfaces as 3D volume objects and 2D slices. The parameters measured, including plume volume, cross sectional area, centerline location (trajectory), surface area and isosurfaces at percentages of maximum backscatter intensity, are being used to derive elements of plume behavior including expansion with height, dilution, and mechanisms of entrainment of surrounding seawater. Our aim is to compare the observational data with predictions of plume theory to test and advance models of the behavior of hydrothermal plumes through the use of multiple representations.
Crystal Structure of the Hypoxia-inducible Form of 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB3) A POSSIBLE NEW TARGET FOR CANCER THERAPY

The hypoxia-inducible form of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB3) plays a crucial role in the progression of cancerous cells by enabling their glycolytic pathways even under severe hypoxic conditions. To understand its structural architecture and to provide a molecular scaffold for the design of new cancer therapeutics, the crystal structure of the human form was determined. The structure at 2.1 A resolution shows that the overall folding and functional dimerization are very similar to those of the liver (PFKFB1) and testis (PFKFB4) forms, as expected from sequence homology. However, in this structure, the N-terminal regulatory domain is revealed for the first time among the PFKFB isoforms. With a β-hairpin structure, the N terminus interacts with the 2-Pase domain to secure binding of fructose-6-phosphate to the active pocket, slowing down the release of fructose-6-phosphate from the phosphoenzyme intermediate product complex. The C-terminal regulatory domain is mostly disordered, leaving the active pocket of the fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase domain wide open. The active pocket of the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase domain has a more rigid conformation, allowing independent bindings of substrates, fructose-6-phosphate and ATP, with higher affinities than other isoforms. Intriguingly, the structure shows an EDTA molecule bound to the fructose-6-phosphate site of the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase active pocket despite its unfavorable liganding concentration, suggesting a high affinity. EDTA is not removable from the site with fructose-6-P alone but is with both ATP and fructose-6-P or with fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. This finding suggests that a molecule in which EDTA is covalently linked to ADP is a good starting molecule for the development of new cancer-therapeutic molecules.
The Impact of an Antenna Array in a Relay Network

Cooperative diversity is a form of distributed space- time macrodiversity capable of mitigating the detrimental effects of multipath fading in a wireless network. Prior work on cooperative diversity has focused on the case that all terminals have a single antenna. However, in many practical situations, it is feasible for one or more terminals to be equipped with an array of multiple antennas. This paper investigates the impact of the presence of a single antenna array in a three terminal orthogonal relaying network. The array may be at the source, relay, or destination. The information outage probability under diversity combining is derived, and closed form expressions given wherever possible. The numerical results suggest that it is best to place the array at the destination, and that it is better to place the array at the relay than at the source.
Neuronal vulnerability in transgenic mice expressing an inducible dominant-negative FGF receptor.

Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are widely expressed in the mature nervous system and are thought to mediate plasticity and repair. We report the generation of transgenic mice that can be induced to express a dominant-negative FGFR (dnFGFR) in select neuronal populations. We show that a modified Thy1 promoter [Vidal, M., Morris, R., Grosveld, F., and Spanopoulou, E. 1990. Tissue-specific control elements of the Thy-1 gene. EMBO J 9 833–840] can be used to drive widespread neuronal expression of the reverse tetracycline transactivator M2 (rtTA-M2 [Urlinger, S., Baron, U., Thellmann, M., Hasan, M.T., Bujard, H., and Hillen, W., 2000. Exploring the sequence space for tetracycline-dependent transcriptional activators: novel mutations yield expanded range and sensitivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97, 7963–7968]), which after stimulation with doxycycline induces co-expression of dnFGFR in mosaic subpopulations of rtTA-M2-positive forebrain neurons, but not in hindbrain and spinal cord rtTA-M2-positive neurons. Expression of dnFGFR did not cause overt neurodegeneration, but led to increased neuronal vulnerability: four days after a stab injury, cell death was marked in the hippocampus of dnFGFR-expressing animals when compared to controls. The nuclear morphology of dying CA1 pyramidal cells suggested an apoptotic mechanism of cell death. These observations demonstrate the importance of endogenous FGFs in the maintenance of the nervous system.
Size Effect on Strength of Floating Sea Ice under Vertical Line Load

The size effect on the nominal strength of a floating ice plate subjected to a vertical uniform line load is analyzed. The cracks produced by the load, which are parallel to the load line, are treated as softening inelastic hinges. The problem is one dimensional in the direction normal to the load line, equivalent to a beam on elastic foundation provided by buoyancy of ice in water. The softening moment-rotation diagram of inelastic hinges is simplified as linear and its dependence on structure size ~ice thickness! is based on the energy dissipated by fracture. For thick enough plates, no two hinges ~on one side of the line load! can soften simultaneously, in which case a simple analytical solution is possible. In that case, the load-deflection diagram has multiple peaks and troughs and consists of a sequence of spikes that get progressively sharper as the plate thickness increases. In terms of a dimensionless nominal strength, the effect of a finite fracture process zone at ice surface leads to an up-and-down size effect plot, such that each load peak decreases with the size at first but then asymptotically approaches a rising asymptote of the type (thickness) 1/4 ~which implies a reverse size effect, caused by buoyancy!. The energy dissipation when the crack in the hinge gets deep causes a strong monotonic size effect, such that the dimension- less troughs between two spikes, in the case of thick enough plate, decrease asymptotically as (thickness) 21/2 . For thin enough plates, more than one hinge soften simultaneously and, in the asymptotic case of vanishing ice thickness, the plasticity solution, which has no size effect, is approached. In the intermediate size range with hinges softening simultaneously, the exact solution is complicated and only approximate formulas for the size effect are possible. They are constructed by asymptotic matching.
Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in buildings: relationship between body height and crevice size allowing entry.

Abstract Although the introduced lady beetle Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important predator of aphids in a variety of crop systems during the growing season, it is often a pest in fall and winter when it enters buildings seeking overwintering sites. One of the primary recommendations for managing this annual influx is to prevent beetle entry by caulking or otherwise filling potential entry points in buildings. The goal of this study was to determine how small a gap the beetles are able to enter in choice and no-choice studies by experimentally exploiting their behavioral tendency to seek dark shelters at cool temperatures. Within the size range of adults collected in central North Carolina in 2003 (1.99–3.29 mm body height), no beetles entered a 2-mm access during no-choice experiments. Most (83%) entered a 3-mm gap; those failing to cross the 3-mm threshold were significantly larger than those that traversed it. In choice experiments, 98.2% of beetles entered shelters. As...
Relative Survival of Lake Trout Stocked at Different Sizes and Quality in Lake Michigan

ABSTRACT Beginning in 1995, the size of yearling lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) stocked into the upper Great Lakes was increased based on the assumption that these fish would be healthier and survive better since natural mortality is thought to be inversely proportional to body size. We compared the post-release, relative survival of paired stockings of lake trout reared to 44 fish/kg (standard size) with larger fish reared to 22–26 fish/kg (enhanced size) in Lake Michigan. About 60,000 lake trout each of the standard and enhanced sizes for the 1994–1997 year classes were released as yearlings in spring near Clay Banks Reef, Wisconsin, and identified with coded-wire tags and an adipose fin-clip. Recaptures were made from 1997 to 2003 in four gill net surveys conducted in spring and fall near the release location. Comparisons of catch-per-unit of effort corrected for numbers stocked generally indicated no significant differences in relative survival of standard and enhanced lake trout. An autopsy-based ...
Sentiment Analysis Using Dependency Trees and Named-Entities

There is an increasing interest for valence and emotion sensing using a variety of signals. Text, as a communication channel, gathers a substantial amount of interest for recognizing its underlying sentiment (valence or polarity), affect or emotion (e.g. happy, sadness). We consider recognizing the valence of a sentence as a prior task to emotion sensing. In this article, we discuss our approach to classify sentences in terms of emotional valence. Our supervised system performs syntactic and semantic analysis for feature extraction. It processes the interactions between words in sentences by using dependency parse trees, and it can decide the current polarity of named-entities based on on-the-fly topic modeling. We compared 3 rule-based approaches and two supervised approaches (i.e. Naive Bayes and Maximum Entropy). We trained and tested our system using the SemEval-2007 affective text dataset, which contains news headlines extracted from news websites. Our results show that our systems outperform the systems demonstrated in SemEval-2007.
Issues and opportunities associated with using manatee mortality data to evaluate the effectiveness of manatee protection efforts in Florida

Protection zones to reduce risks to Florida manatees Trichechus manatus latirostris associated with boat operation have been in place since the 1990s or earlier in most areas consid- ered important for the species. Despite the relatively long period of time protections have been in place, evaluating the effectiveness of these efforts has proven to be difficult. This paper discusses manatee mortality data, which is one of the most long-term sources of data available for analysis, and some of the difficulties associated with using these data to evaluate effectiveness. It then explores the concept of using differences in rates of change in mortality during three 10 yr periods as an evaluation metric. Rates were calculated for the state of Florida as a whole and for Treatment and No Treatment groups, with the Treatment group including all counties where comprehensive protection zones have been established. The only rates of change that were statistically different from one another were for boat-related deaths, both statewide and for the Treatment group, between the 1981�1990 and 2001�2010 periods. Statewide, the average rate of increase fell from 11.2 to 1.0% yr �1 , while, within the Treatment group, the rate fell from 12.4 to 1.2% yr �1 . These results provide evidence that protection efforts have likely helped to reduce boat-related mortality risks; however, the analysis does not account for some uncertainties associated with the mortality data, and the confidence intervals are fairly wide. Additional research and analyses should be pursued to account for these issues and also to consider risks related to non-lethal manateeboat collisions.