cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Verifying determinism in sequential programs

A nondeterministic program is difficult to test and debug. Nondeterminism occurs even in sequential programs: for example, iterating over the elements of a hash table can result in diverging test results. We have created a type system that can express whether a computation is deterministic, nondeterministic, or ordernondeterministic (like a set). While state-of-the-art nondeterminism detection tools unsoundly rely on observing run-time output, our approach soundly verifies determinism at compile time. Our implementation found previously-unknown nondeterminism errors in a 24,000 line program that had been heavily vetted by its developers.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Appearance of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Liver Abscesses

There has been a paradigm shift with Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) emerging as the most frequently isolated bacterium in pyogenic liver abscesses in immunocompetent patients. Colonization of this hypervirulent KP strain has led to community-acquired liver abscesses. Septic seeding to distant sites of the body has been recognized and is strongly associated with diabetes. Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic features have been described. Grayscale ultrasound (US) features remain inconclusive, with variable US appearances. Here we describe the contrast-enhanced US features of KP liver abscesses, which correlated with previously described computed tomographic findings. The use of contrast-enhanced US eliminates the need for radiation exposure.
Maternal cariprazine exposure inhibits embryonic and postnatal brain cholesterol biosynthesis.

Cariprazine (CAR) is a strong inhibitor of the Dhcr7 enzyme, the last enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. We assessed the effects of CAR on maternally exposed Dhcr7+/− and wild-type mouse offspring, and tested the biochemical effects of CAR in human serum samples. Dhcr7+/− and wild-type time-pregnant mice were exposed to vehicle or 0.2 mg/kg CAR from E12 to E19. Levels of CAR, CAR metabolites, sterols, and oxysterols were measured in the brain of maternally exposed offspring at various time points using LC-MS/MS. Embryonic exposure to CAR significantly increased levels of 7-DHC in all organs of exposed embryos, with a particularly strong effect in the brain. Detectable levels of CAR and elevated 7-DHC were observed in the brain of newborn pups 14 days after drug exposure. In addition, CAR altered sterol metabolism in all animals analyzed, with the strongest effect on the brain of Dhcr7+/− pups born to Dhcr7+/− dams. Furthermore, CAR elevated toxic oxysterols in the brain of maternally exposed Dhcr7+/− offspring to levels approaching those seen in a mouse model of Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome. Finally, we observed that patients taking CAR have elevated 7-DHC in their serum. In summary, maternal DHCR7 heterozygosity, combined with offspring DHCR7 heterozygosity might represent a vulnerability factor to medications that interfere with sterol biosynthesis. Due to the conserved sterol biosynthesis between mice and humans, we suggest that the 1–3% of patient population with single-allele DHCR7 mutations might not be ideal candidates for CAR use, especially if they are nursing, pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
In utero inflammatory challenge induces an early activation of the hepatic innate immune response in late gestation fetal sheep.

Chorioamnionitis is associated with inflammatory end-organ damage in the fetus. Tissues in direct contact with amniotic fluid drive a pro-inflammatory response and contribute to this injury. Howeve...
An Analysis of Sociocultural Factors in Social Skills Training Studies with Students with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Social skills training (SST) is increasingly being recommended for students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who often experience social difficulties. Given that sociocultural contexts influence social behavior in ways that may vary the impact SST programs have on minority students with ADHD, there is a need to advance culturally sensitive SST research. This article reviews SST research studies with minority and nonminority students with ADHD, including the degree to which SST researchers incorporated a sociocultural approach in the development, implementation, and reporting of their research. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research and practice are discussed.
State of XR research in architecture with focus on professional practice – a systematic literature review

Immersive technologies are not only gaining popularity in various fields but are also heralded as the obvious next step in architectural practice. Now that almost five years have passed since the r...
Analysis of Amylase in the Kitchen: An At-Home Biochemistry Experiment for the COVID-19 Pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, an at-home enzyme assay was developed for a biochemistry laboratory course at Arizona State University. The experiment was designed to use items that could be easily obtained and safe to use. The experiment focused on the analysis of salivary amylase using starch from food as a substrate, black tea as an inhibitor, and tincture of iodine to quantify the amount of starch present. In this article, we describe the design of the experiment and an analysis of the student performance with specific mention of the common problems that the students experienced. While this experiment was specifically designed as an at-home experiment, it could easily be adapted to use in a typical undergraduate biochemistry laboratory.
Clinical correlates of drug-related dreams in opioid use disorder.

Background and objectives Drug-related dreams are commonly reported by individuals in treatment for substance use disorders, which may be distressing. Existing evidence suggests that dream recollection may be influenced by clinically relevant phenomena, such as opioid use and withdrawal, general sleep disturbance, affective symptoms, and chronic pain. However, very few studies have explored drug-related dreams among individuals who screened positive for opioid use disorder (OUD). Methods Adults recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) who screened positive for OUD (N = 154) completed a questionnaire about drug-related dreams, as well as measures assessing sleep, opioid use history, stress, anxiety, and chronic pain. χ2 analyses, one-way analysis of variance, and bivariate correlations, correcting for the false discovery rate, were used as appropriate to explore correlates of (1) recollecting a drug-related dream, and (2) experiencing post-dream craving and distress. Results Individuals who recollected a past-week drug-related dream were more likely to report other recent sleep disturbances, including poorer sleep quality, greater insomnia symptoms, and a higher risk for sleep apnea. Post-dream craving and distress were both associated with greater insomnia symptoms, poor sleep hygiene behaviors, and greater anxiety symptoms. Individuals who had ever experienced a drug-related dream (recently, or in their lifetime) were more likely to report a history of severe withdrawal, overdose, and intravenous opioid use. Conclusion and scientific significance Drug-related dreams were common among individuals in the present sample and were related to other clinically relevant phenomena. Interventions that treat co-occurring OUD, pain, sleep symptoms, and affective symptoms may improve overall well-being in this population.
Converting MQ to CNF-SAT

In this chapter, we study methods for efficiently converting GF(2) systems of multivariate polynomial equations into a conjunctive normal form satisfiability (CNF-SAT) problem, for which excellent heuristic algorithms have been developed in recent years. Please note that much of this information can be found in the paper by the author, Chris Jefferson, and Nicolas Courtois [33], which also has some preliminary experiments.
Boundary Conditions for Differential Systems in Intermediate Limit Situations

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the boundary conditions for differential systems in intermediate limit situations. One of the major obstacles in the development of the singular Sturm–Liouville theory for n dimensional vector systems is the appropriate definition and proof of the existence of boundary conditions. The chapter presents such a development. It includes the n -th order, scalar, limit- n case, as well as the n dimensional limit- n , first order case. The chapter considers the n dimensional vector system.
Kelo v. New London: A Decade Later

The Supreme Court issued its decision in Kelo v. New London ten years ago this June. This short piece, invited in response to a conference at UConn Law this spring, presents the backstory and aftermath of the case. The article frames the case against the distinctive situation of post-industrial cities like New London, and looks at why the case so resonated with the public. It summarizes the legal impact of the case at the state level and its limitations, and the less visible political impact on governmental decision makers. Finally, the article looks at what happened to New London and the plaintiffs after the case was decided.
Shifting the (Non-Relativized) A Priori: Hans Reichenbach on Causality and Probability (1915–1932)

In the still growing literature on the history of Logical Empiricism, the Kantian roots of some of the movements’ core ideas and its relationship with neo-Kantianism have been discussed frequently. A case in point is Michael Friedman’s analysis of the debates between Hans Reichenbach and Moritz Schlick during the year 1920, after which Reichenbach—prematurely, to Friedman’s mind—abandoned his relativized a priori conception of space and time in favor of a straighter empiricist approach, mainly in order to force issue with neo-Kantian critics of general relativity. More recently, these primarily historical investigations have been supplemented by two systematic projects according to which the relativized a priori, if conceived against the backdrop of the mathematics of the day, contains the seeds for a better understanding of modern physics and permits a defense of scientific philosophy against some of the classical criticisms by Quine, Kuhn, and others. While Friedman, through this Kantian turn, intends to maintain core insights of the Logical Empiricist tradition, Ryckman challenges the authority of Reichenbach and Schlick in matters of the „special and the general theories of relativity and elaborates a different approach that departs from an alternative Kant-inspired tradition centering around the pertinent works of Ernst Cassirer and Hermann Weyl.
AN ASTOUNDING TREASURE: DUAL LANGUAGE EDUCATION IN A PUBLICSCHOOL SETTING

Resumen en: Data from a seven-year public school case study is used to demonstrate the impact of dual language instruction on student achievement. The school was in ...
Regularization Programs for Undocumented Migrants

This paper is a summary of a study that describes and analyzes the features and outcomes of regularization programs (also referred to as amnesty or legalization) for undocumented migrants in 16 countries distributed among all continents. It gives a general survey on reasons and expectations of governments conducting regularization drives, the different forms that the programs have taken, features and eligibility requirements most frequently used as well as a summary of the implementation and problems associated with this policy tool. The paper also tries to answer how governments might deal with the undocumented flow of people tomorrow. A country comparison table (53 pages) in the annex contains data on more than 60 regularization programs considered in this study.
A compact and inexpensive hydrophone with an internal ultra-low-noise preamp

A simple and compact JFET preamp has been built with a gain of 25 dB, a quiescent current of 2 to 3 mA at 12V, and an equivalent input noise voltage of 1.7 nV/Hz/sup 1/2/ at 1 kHz. This extremely low noise specification was measured with a dummy source impedance that mimics the intended piezoceramic source impedance. Separately, a compact and inexpensive passive hydrophone has been built and measured to have a sensitivity of roughly -190 dB re 1V/uPa and a maximum dimension of 28 mm prior to encapsulation. We expect to finish the construction and measurement of an integrated hydrophone and internal preamp soon. This hydrophone should exhibit a noise performance far below Knudsen sea-state zero when completed. The component cost of the preamplified hydrophone is roughly $25 in small quantities, plus the cost of two simple machined aluminum parts, encapsulation, and cabling.
ATP Hysteresis in Tripartite Synapses

AbstractRecent experimental studies strongly suggest the inuence of glial purinergictransmission in the modulation of synaptic dynamics. By releasing adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), which accumulates as adenosine, astrocytes tonically sup-pressed synaptic transmission. The delayed multi-step feedback of the glialadenosine with the neuron suggest the existence of hysteresis phenomena, whichare investigated in the present study from the theoretical point of view. Themodel suggests that a memory operator, tripartite synaptic plasticity, governsthe mysterious delayed feedback inhibition caused by the action of adenosineon neuronal A 1 receptors and provides a powerful tool for further dynamicalmodeling tasks on tripartite synapses.1. IntroductionThe nervous system consists of two classes of cell, the neuron and glia. Ac-cording to the classical view of the nervous system, the numerically superiorglial cells have inferior and passive roles in that they provide an ideal environ-ment for neuronal-cell function. Recent evidence has demonstrated, however,that there is a dynamic reciprocal feedback communication between glia andneurons at the synapses ([1], [8], [16], [20]). Neurotransmitters released frompresynaptic neurons evoke Ca
Topological representation of matroids from diagrams of spaces

Swartz proved that any matroid can be realized as the intersection lattice of an arrangement of codimension one homotopy spheres on a sphere. This was an unexpected extension from the oriented matroid case, but unfortunately the construction is not explicit. Anderson later provided an explicit construction, but had to use cell complexes of high dimensions that are homotopy equivalent to lower dimensional spheres. Using diagrams of spaces we give an explicit construction of arrangements in the right dimensions. Swartz asked if it is possible to arrange spheres of codimension two, and we provide a construction for any codimension. We also show that all matroids, and not only tropical oriented matroids, have a pseudo-tropical representation. We determine the homotopy type of all the constructed arrangements.
Toxicologic studies on hydrocarbons. VI. A colorimetric method for the determination of kerosine in blood.

A photoelectric colorimetric method is described for the quantitative determination of kerosine in blood. The procedure involves hemolysis of 5 ml. of the sample followed by extraction of the kerosine with carbon tetrachloride. The extract is reacted with a formaldehyde- sulfuric acid reagent to produce a characteristic color. The intensity of this color is measured photometrically, and the concentration of kerosine is determined by reference to a previously prepared calibration curve. Concentrations as low as 10 ppm can be conveniently determined.
Practice Inquiry: Uncertainty Learning in Primary Care Practice

Most primary care physicians in nonacademic settings lack practice-based collegial forums for addressing the clinical uncertainty inherent in their work. Practice Inquiry (PI) comprises a set of small group methods designed for engaging case-based clinical uncertainty. Clinical uncertainty is defined as confusion and puzzlement around diagnostic, management, relationship, prognostic, and/or ethical issues coming from an individual patient case. PI targets learners at three levels: practicing primary care clinicians, post-graduate trainees, and medical students. This chapter focuses on PI for practicing clinicians and reviews the need for workplace learning on set-aside time; describes PI group process using a scenario; reviews rationales underlying PI’s focus on ‘the colleague group,’ case-based uncertainty, follow-up, and group facilitation; and sketches a hypothetical primary care setting – the inquiry practice - where clinicians work and learn from their patients using additional small group methods for studying patient panels and clinical phenomena of significance.
Explicit Realization of Hopf Cyclic Cohomology Classes of Bicrossed Product Hopf Algebras

We construct a Hopf action, with an invariant trace, of a bicrossed product Hopf algebra $\cH=\big( \cU(\Fg_1) \acr \cR(G_2) \big)^{\cop}$ constructed from a matched pair of Lie groups $G_1$ and $G_2$, on a convolution algebra $\cA=C_c^{\ify}(G_1)\rtimes G_2^{\delta}$. We give an explicit way to construct Hopf cyclic cohomology classes of our Hopf algebra $\cH$ and then realize these classes in terms of explicit representative cocycles in the cyclic cohomology of the convolution algebra $\cA$.
Deep Space 1 encounter with Comet Borrelly

Summary form only given. The Plasma Experiment for Planetary Exploration (PEPE) made detailed observations of the plasma environment of Comet Borrelly during the Deep Space I (S+DS I) flyby on September 22, 2001. Five distinct plasma boundaries have been identified on both inbound and outbound trajectories including those associated with cometary ion pickup, the comet bow shock, and the collisional transition region. All five boundaries were remarkably asymmetric with respect to the comet nucleus-Sun axis, normally thought to be an axis of symmetry. We suggest that the coma itself is offset, possibly because of well-collimated large dayside dust jets observed by the DSI MICAS camera.
EM+TV based reconstruction for cone-beam CT with reduced radiation

Computerized tomography (CT) plays a critical role in modern medicine. However, the radiation associated with CT is significant. Methods that can enable CT imaging with less radiation exposure but without sacrificing image quality are therefore extremely important. This paper introduces a novel method for enabling image reconstruction at lower radiation exposure levels with convergence analysis. The method is based on the combination of expectation maximization (EM) and total variation (TV) regularization. While both EM and TV methods are known, their combination as described here is novel. We show that EM+TV can reconstruct a better image using much fewer views, thus reducing the overall dose of radiation. Numerical results show the efficiency of the EM+TV method in comparison to filtered backprojection and classic EM. In addition, the EM+TV algorithm is accelerated with GPU multicore technology, and the high performance speed-up makes the EM+TV algorithm feasible for future practical CT systems.
GPU-based real-time imaging software suite for medical ultrasound

We developed a GPU-based real-time imaging software suite for medical ultrasound imaging to provide a fast real-time imaging platform for various probe geometries and imaging schemes. The imaging software receives raw RF data from a data acquisition system, and processes them on GPU to reconstruct real-time images. The most general-purpose imaging program in the suite displays three cross-sectional images for arbitrary probe geometry and various imaging schemes including conventional beamforming, synthetic beamforming, and plane-wave compounding. The other imaging programs in the software suite, derived from the general-purpose imaging program, are optimized for their own purposes, such as displaying a rotating B-mode plane and its maximum intensity projection (MIP), photoacoustic imaging, and real-time volume-rendering. Real-time imaging was successfully demonstrated using each of the imaging programs in the software suite.
Optimal assignments in a markovian queueing system

Abstract A generalization of the Hypercube queueing model for exponential queueing systems is presented which allows for distinguishable servers and multiple types of customers. Given costs associated with each server-customer pair, the determination of the assignment policy which minimizes time-averaged costs is formulated as a Markov decision problem. A characterization of optimal policies is obtained and used in an efficient algorithm for determining the optimum. The algorithm combines the method of successive approximations and “Howard's method” in a manner which is particularly applicable to Markov decision problems having large, sparse transition matrices.
Enzymatic characterization of organic phosphorus in animal manure.

Information on the forms of P present in animal manure may improve our ability to manage manure P. In most investigations of manure P composition, only inorganic and total P are determined, and the difference between them is assigned as organic P. In this study, we explored the possibility of identifying and quantifying more specific organic P forms in animal manure with orthophosphate-releasing enzymes. Pig (Sus scrofa) manure and cattle (Bos taurus) manure were first sequentially fractionated into water-soluble P, NaHCO 3 -soluble P, NaOH-soluble P, HCI-soluble P, and residual P. The fractions were separately incubated with wheat phytase, alkaline phosphatase, nuclease P1, nucleotide pyrophosphatase, or their combinations. The released orthophosphate was determined by a molybdate blue method. Part of the organic P in those fractions could be identified by the enzymatic treatments as phytate (i.e., 39% for pig manure and 17% for cattle manure in water-soluble organic P), simple phosphomonoesters (i.e., 43% for pig manure and 15% for cattle manure in NaOH-soluble organic P), nucleotide-like phosphodiesters (2-12%), and nucleotide pyrophosphate (0-4%). Our data indicate that the enzymatic treatment is an effective approach to identify and quantify the organic P forms present in animal manures.
Benedict XVI on Liberal Modernity's Need for the “Theological Virtues” of Faith, Hope, and Love

Abstract A careful reading of Caritas in Veritate shows it to be framed and permeated by two principles. The first is that human persons in their consciences and deeds are the principal agents of economic and political life, whether directly in interpersonal relations or mediated through their work in and for institutions. The second is that human persons as citizens are best prepared to promote “integral human development” and “the common good” when they are urged on by charity or love that is lived in truth. In these respects Caritas in Veritate is a clear continuation of the line of thought that Benedict developed in his earlier encyclicals Deus Caritas Est and Spe Salvi, and before that in his theological writings as Joseph Ratzinger. Benedict's work thus underscores the need modern societies and political communities have for charity, and thus for faith and for hope. We explicate this aspect of Benedict's political vision throughout this essay, anticipating and beginning to respond to some objections...
Melodic Intonation Therapy and aphasia: Another variation on a theme

Background: Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) is a therapeutic approach used to increase verbal output in adults with aphasia through combination of melodic intoning and rhythmic tapping with simple phrase production. Although MIT was developed in the 1970s, few studies have been conducted relative to determining the programme's overall effectiveness as well as examining ability to generalise skills to other communicative contexts. Aims: The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the effectiveness of MIT as a means of increasing verbal output in a gentleman with chronic Broca's aphasia. Methods & Procedures: A modified version of MIT without the tapping component was implemented with BR, 69-year-old male with chronic Broca's aphasia of 4 years' duration. BR had tried MIT previously with little success: he had difficulty with the tapping element and the packaged phrases lacked functionality, adversely affecting his motivation. A set of automatic and self-generated phrases were developed and imp...
Electron liquid at any degeneracy.

A unified theory is presented that describes the thermodynamic and dielectric properties of the electron liquid throughout the full range of thermal degeneracy: from the zero-temperature fully degenerate Fermi plasma to the high-temperature classical one-component plasma. Through an approximate inclusion of local-field corrections in the polarizability, results are obtained that are accurate up to intermediate values of the coupling strength. For future applications, closed-form parametrizations are presented for the thermodynamic and dielectric functions, as functions of density and temperature. The consequences of an increase in temperature on the plasmon dispersion and damping, on the energy-loss function, and on the pair-correlation function are also studied. We find that quantum effects can be observed in the short-range behavior of the pair-correlation function even for some plasmas that are conventionally classified as classical.
Efficient illumination normalization of facial images

This paper presents a simple method for normalizing non-linear illumination variations in facial images. Facial pixels are modelled by an empirical probability distribution, which is estimated by kernel density estimation. The illumination is normalized by transforming the empirical distribution function.
The Triumph of Improvisation: Gorbachev's Adaptability, Reagan's Engagement, and the End of the Cold War. By James Graham Wilson. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2014. 278 pp.

The Triumph of Improvisation: Gorbachev's Adaptability, Reagan's Engagement, and the End of the Cold War. By James Graham Wilson. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2014. 278 pp. The relationship of Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev defined the end of the Cold War era, but did either man pursue a coherent grand strategy? James Graham Wilson, a historian at the State Department, presents a nuanced study of the Reagan administration's foreign policy. He argues that men made history, most notably Gorbachev and Reagan, but also George P. Shultz, George H. W. Bush, and other key advisors in Washington and Moscow. Wilson's thesis is stated succinctly in the book's title, Triumph of Improvisation, indeed, as he demonstrates that the Reagan administration lacked a clear blueprint; that Reagan himself remained caught in incompatible objectives to eradicate communism and to reduce nuclear armaments, which required engagement with the Soviets; that Reagan's passive leadership style let fester divisions within his administration, which led to clashes between hawks like Caspar Weinberger and realists like Alexander Haig in 1981 and 1982 and between Secretary of State Shultz and hardliners in the national security establishment throughout the 1980s; that Gorbachev abandoned ideological dogma and ossified structures in domestic and foreign policy in pursuit of a better Soviet Union; and that the triumph of "democracy, capitalism, and an open world order" (p. 170) owed much to Bush's pragmatic statesmanship. Neither the Reagan administration nor Gorbachev's inner circle had an attainable grand strategy. Washington and Moscow acted more from recognition of weakness than assumptions of strength, and both Reagan and Leonid Brezhnev subscribed to variants of peace through strength, while Gorbachev and Reagan turned to engagement and summitry. Reagan's objectives were defined by missionary zeal to spread American values and by a deeply held religious faith. He reached instinctively for tough rhetoric, and he favored, emotionally, an ideological crusade, but he also feared the specter of nuclear war, and as early as spring 1981, he attempted to engage the Soviet leadership in constructive negotiations. Yet Reagan never recognized the fundamental tension between crusader rhetoric and a policy of engagement. Wilson concludes, for example, that the Strategic Defense Initiative was a bid for safety from nuclear holocaust by a president who did not believe in the lasting deterrent effect of Mutual Assured Destruction but who also did not comprehend the degree of suspicion and fear his project created among Soviet leaders. Despite the efforts of Shultz, from mid-1982, the point man for a policy of engagement based on insistence on reform of the Soviet system and emphasis on human rights, as well as arms control, Reagan found it impossible to win the trust of the ailing Brezhnev or his short-lived successors. …
Individual investors and risk-taking☆

Abstract During the last decade, a large amount of information has been collected concerning financial markets and financial institutions. Less is known about individual investors. This study relates a specific personality characteristics, locus of control, to portfolio risk as measured by beta; these two concepts are described below. Locus of control and beta are examined in combination with the sex, marital status, age, educational level, asset level and number and value of common stocks held by one group of investors. The relationship between locus of control and beta is also considered. This study is divided into four parts. The first part reviews the capital asset pricing model and the construct “locus of control” as well as previous research relating locus of control to risky decision-making. Then, the data used in this study are discussed. The third section presents the results of this study, and the final part provides a summary.
Fore-And-Aft Rotating Aperture Wheel (RAW) Device For Improving Radiographic Contrast

A Rotating Aperature Wheel (RAW) technology is under development which involves replacing a grid for scatter elimination with an assembly of one fore and two aft lead aperature wheels which are rotated so as to maintain the alignment between the slit or aperature pattern of each. Such a design has the unique feature that its motion can be made indepen-dent of the x-ray exposure time and duration allowing for the first time the practical use of a moving slit anti-scatter technique in rapid sequence and dynamic radiographic procedures. The technology is flexible so as to lend itself toward use with varying source to image receptor distances such as is involved in fluoroscopy.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Tunable DNA photocleavage by an acridine-imidazole conjugate.

We report the synthesis and characterization of photonucleases N,N‘-bis[2-[bis(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-3,6-acridinediamine (7) and N-[2-[bis(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-3,6-acridinediamine (10), consisting of a central 3,6-acridinediamine chromophore attached to 4 and 2 metal-coordinating imidazole rings, respectively. In DNA reactions employing 16 metal salts, photocleavage of pUC19 plasmid is markedly enhanced when compound 7 is irradiated in the presence of either Hg(II), Fe(III), Cd(II), Zn(II), V(V), or Pb(II) (low-intensity visible light, pH 7.0, 22 °C, 8−50 μM 7). We also show that DNA photocleavage by 7 can be modulated by modifying buffer type and pH. Evidence of metal complex formation is provided by EDTA experiments and by NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectral data. Sodium azide, sodium benzoate, superoxide dismutase, and catalase indicate the involvement of type I and II photochemical processes in the metal-assisted DNA photocleavage reactions. Thermal melting studi...
Stereodivergent Synthesis of All 15-F2 Isoprostanes

Isoprostanes, lipid metabolites generated from free radical oxidation of membrane-bound arachidonic acid, have been detected in organisms subjected to oxidative stress; however, the function and cellular targets of the isoprostanes are unclear. As an initial step toward studying the biological role of these molecules, we report the preparation of all known and anticipated 15-F2 isoprostanes. The stereodivergent strategy to the complete isoprostane library features a ring-opening metathesis to introduce the cis-alkyl side chains that are characteristic of this class of molecules. Resolution to the individual stereoisomers can be accomplished by either a catalytic asymmetric reduction or an auxiliary-based separation protocol. In either case, the individual isomers can be converted to the corresponding 15-F2 isoprostanes through a straightforward functionalization of the carboxylic acid-containing side chain. The availability of this complete 15-F2 isoprostane library, containing both known and anticipated ...
Southern Oscillation: Further Studies with a GFDL General Circulation Model

Abstract In this paper we report the results of the atmospheric response to realistic warm sea surface temperature anomalies over the equatorial Pacific during summer and winter (northern). We have used the same GFDL general circulation model as in 1982. In the case of the realistic summer anomaly, the spatial structure of the atmospheric response is similar to that in the case of idealized warm anomalies over the eastern and central Pacific, but the magnitudes of the response are smaller and are of smaller latitudinal extent. The Walker circulation is significantly weakened, There is also a weaker anomaly circulation of the opposite sense over the equatorial Atlantic and Africa. The planetary scale response of tropical sea-level pressure and equatorial zonal winds again is quite similar to the observed anomalies during the low index phase and thus, the realistic sea surface temperature anomaly acts in such a way as to reinforce the low index phase. As the induced low-level zonal wind anomalies over the e...
Five hierarchical levels of sequence-structure correlation in proteins.

This article reviews recent work towards modelling protein folding pathways using a bioinformatics approach. Statistical models have been developed for sequence-structure correlations in proteins at five levels of structural complexity: (i) short motifs; (ii) extended motifs; (iii) nonlocal pairs of motifs; (iv) 3-dimensional arrangements of multiple motifs; and (v) global structural homology. We review statistical models, including sequence profiles, hidden Markov models (HMMs) and interaction potentials, for the first four levels of structural detail. The I-sites (folding Initiation sites) Library models short local structure motifs. Each succeeding level has a statistical model, as follows: HMMSTR (HMM for STRucture) is an HMM for extended motifs; HMMSTR-CM (Contact Maps) is a model for pairwise interactions between motifs; and SCALI-HMM (HMMs for Structural Core ALIgnments) is a set of HMMs for the spatial arrangements of motifs. The parallels between the statistical models and theoretical models for folding pathways are discussed in this article; however, global sequence models are not discussed because they have been extensively reviewed elsewhere. The data used and algorithms presented in this article are available at http://www.bioinfo.rpi.edu/~bystrc/ (click on ‘servers’ or ‘downloads’) or by request to bystrc@rpi.edu.
Simulation and Analysis of Abrasive Jet Machining with Wheel Restriction in Grinding

Abrasive jet precision finishing is a new machining method, which injects slurry of abrasive and liquid solvent to grinding zone under without feed condition. The machining is simulated by Finite Element Method (FEM) in the paper. Hydrodynamic pressure on modeling of wedge-like grinding zone between wheel and workpiece on abrasive jet finishing with wheel as restraint was established and simulation, based on Navier-Stokes and continuity equations. The liquid hydrodynamic pressure distributing principle and affecting factor were investigated. The relation hydronamic pressure with grinding wheel velocity was stimulated and verified experimentally. The experiment results show that the simulation results are agreement with experiment, so the simulation model can well forecast hydrodynamic pressure distribution at contact zone.
Emotional Intelligence and Team Performance: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Diversity

This article explores the effects of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in a team setting. I theorize that EI increases the ability of team members to engage each other in effective communication patterns...
Improved quality of life after successful balloon valvuloplasty of a stenosed mitral bioprosthesis.

In this case report we present the clinical features of a patient who underwent a successful balloon valvuloplasty of a bioprosthesis in the mitral position. The purpose of this report is to emphasize the particular characteristics for appropriate patient selection, to document clinical improvement, and to place balloon valvuloplasty of prosthetic valves in proper perspective
Singular measures andl p Fourier transforms

LetG be the Cantor group or the circle group, and let Γ be the dual ofG. There exists a probability measure λ onG, singular with respect to Haar measure onG, such that for 1≦p<2 the inequality {fx115-1} holds for trigonometric polynomialsf.
Mars Observer Mission Operations

Mars Observer, planned for launch in September 1992, will be the first deep space planetary mission to fully utilize a distributed operations concept for science instrument control. In addition, several of the other concepts proposed by the Mission Operations and Information Systems Subcommittee of the Solar System Exploration Committee have been adopted for the purpose of improving the efficiency and reducing the costs of Deep Space Mission Operations.
Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab and etoposide combination in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas who have failed bevacizumab

Despite recent advances in the treatment of malignant gliomas (World Health Organization grade III and grade IV tumors- Glioblastoma Multiforme, Anaplastic Astrocytoma and Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma), the overall prognosis remains poor. Tumor recurrence in malignant glioma is inevitable, and associated with reduced overall survival (OS). Bevacizumab is approved for use in progressive GBM as a second line treatment, and is associated with improvements in progression free survival (PFS). However, all GBM patients eventually recur on bevacizumab therapy, with a very short OS after bevacizumab failure. No FDA-approved therapy is available for this clinical setting. Etoposide crosses the blood-brain barrier and has activity in recurrent malignant gliomas. The use of bevacizumab with etoposide in recurrent malignant gliomas in the setting of bevacizumab resistance is evaluated in this review. Bevacizumab and etoposide combined therapy is associated with radiographic response and effectiveness in selected patients.
Rotating charged fluid in 2+1 dimensions

The (2+l)-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell equations are solved for a perfect fluid source with a positive electric charge distribution and nonzero vorticity. The solution describes the interior region of an extended charged object and is physically reasonable in the sense that the massenergy density and the pressure are both positive throughout the region. An unexpected feature is that the charged fluid produces no electric field in its proper frame of reference, so that the electromagnetic field is purely magnetic.
Louis delluc: The critic as cineaste

(1976). Louis delluc: The critic as cineaste. Quarterly Review of Film Studies: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 205-244.
Cost-effectiveness of Adolescent Bariatric Surgery

Background: The current estimates of the prevalence of adolescent morbid obesity and severe morbid obesity are about 21% and 6.6%, respectively. Obesity, if left untreated, may result in a variety of comorbid conditions and earlier mortality. Adolescent bariatric surgery is an effective, but expensive means to ameliorate these conditions and the risk of earlier mortality. We aimed to develop a model to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery. Methods: All adolescents who participated in our bariatric surgery multidisciplinary program from January 2010 to December 2013 were included if they had at least 12 months follow-up after their surgery. Intervention costs included all operative as well as preoperative and 12-month postoperative care. We used the US Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS) to estimate the association between reductions in BMI after surgery with future savings from reduced medical care use and with increased health-related quality of life (HRQL). We linked BMI with life expectancy using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A Markov cohort model was then used to project health care-related costs (2013 US$), and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) over time starting at age 18. Incremental costs per QALY of surgery vs. no surgery from a health care system perspective were then estimated. Results: At one year follow-up, mean weight loss was 37.5 (std. = 13.5) kg and the corresponding BMI was 35.4 (reduction of 13.2, p<0.01). Mean total intervention costs/person were $25,854 (std. = 2,044). A unit change in BMI was associated with future medical care savings of $157/year (p<0.01) and with an increase in HRQL of 0.004 (p<0.01) and life expectancy. At a threshold of a 100,000/QALY, bariatric surgery was not cost-effective in the first three years, but became cost-effective after that ($80,065/QALY in year four and $36,570/QALY in year seven). Conclusion: Our results suggest that bariatric surgery among adolescents may be cost-effective when evaluated over a long period of time. Future studies on a large scale are needed to show a continued improvement in QALYs and to evaluate earlier cost-effectiveness of the procedure.
The effect of pyridine aldoxime dodecyliodide on monamine oxidase and bound amines.

Abstract Pyridine aldoxime dodecyliodide (PAD) inhibits the monoamine oxidase (MAO) of rat liver and brain in vitro but not in vivo . Other long-chain quaternary compounds are also effective inhibitors in vitro . No preincubation is necessary, and the inhibition is irreversible. PAD is also an effective inhibitor of “solubilized” MAO. PAD lowers the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in rat brain but has no effect on the catecholamine levels. It does not inhibit 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase of rat kidney but does release 5-HT from mast cells in vitro . These findings suggest that PAD exerts a selective releasing action on bound 5-HT. Animals given sufficient PAD to deplete their 5-HT stores do not have the appearance of animals treated with reserpine. In addition, animals pretreated with phenylisopropylhydrazine (PIH), an inhibitor of MAO, and then given PAD do not have the appearance of animals pretreated with PIH and then given reserpine. Decamethonium and hexamethonium are also weak inhibitors of MAO in vitro .
Relationship between body weight gain and significant knee, hip, and back pain in older Americans

Objective: To examine the association between BMI (kilograms per meter squared) and reports of significant knee, hip, and back pain using data from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults 60 years or older. Research Methods and Procedures: Population-based survey data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, involving 5724 adults 60 years or older, were used. BMI, calculated from measured weight (kilograms) and height (meters squared), was used to categorize participants into six BMI-defined groups: underweight (<18.5), desirable weight (18.5 to 24.9), overweight (25 to 29.9), obese class I (30 to 34.9), obese class II (35 to 39.9), and obese class III (≥40). The presence of significant knee, hip, and back pain in the groups was studied. Results: The overall prevalences of knee, hip, and back pain were 21%, 14%, and 22%, respectively. Prevalence estimates for knee (underweight 12.1% to obesity class III 55.7%), hip (underweight 10.4% to obesity class III 23.3%), and back (underweight 20.2% to obesity class III 26.1%) pain increased with increased BMI. Sex-, race-, and age-specific pain prevalence estimates also generally increased at increased levels of BMI. Discussion: Among U.S. adults 60 years or older, the prevalence of significant knee, hip, and back pain increases with increased levels of BMI.
The kinetics and mechanism of the sulfidation of CoMo alloys

Abstract The isothermal sulfidation behavior of CoMo alloys (10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.% Mo) was studied between 600 and 900 °C in 0.01 atm sulfur vapor. All of the alloys were two-phase with the alloys containing up to 30Mo consisting of Co3Mo plus solid-solution cobalt and the Co40Mo alloy consisting of the two intermetallic compounds, Co3Mo and Co7Mo6. The parabolic rate constant for the sulfidation kinetics decreased with increasing molybdenum content at all of the temperatures investigated. Three different temperature dependences, all of which were different from that of pure cobalt were observed. Furthermore, the Co30Mo alloy exhibited a kinetics inversion between 800 and 850 °C. This inversion is believed to be largely the result of the formation of an innermost layer of Mo3S4. An activation energy of 31.1 kcal mol−1 was obtained for Co10Mo and Co20Mo while Co30Mo and Co40Mo had values of 40.0 and 10.5 kcal mol−1. The sulfide scales which formed were duplex with an outer layer of cobalt sulfide and a complex, heterophasic inner layer whose phases were both composition- and temperature-dependent. It was this variation in the phases which formed within the inner layer that determined activation energies. The predominant phase in the inner layer of Co10Mo and Co20Mo was CoMoS3 while for Co30Mo and Co40Mo it was MoS2. However, in the case of the latter alloys a thin layer of Mo3S4 formed in the region of the alloy-scale interface at temperatures of 850 °C and above. Although the MoS2 which had formed in the higher-molybdenum alloys appeared to be a continuous layer, it was in fact found to be relatively non-protective. Platinum-marker experiments revealed the position of the original metal surface to be the interface between the inner and outer scales.
Tragic man and courageous man: A response to Rubens

Richard Rubens examines the extent to which the tragic sense of life is essentially related to the process and goals of psychoanalysis. In doing so, he offers a rich and sensitive exegesis of the meaning of “tragic”: Tragedy is not text but context; it is not factual but interpretive. Tragic man is no everyman. He is not a victim but a creator. Rubens envisages him as Job asking, “What is man?” and as Oedipus asking, “Who am I?” I see tragic man in a similar light but from a different perspective. Tragic man is the mankind of moral and social consequence. He is the artificer, Daedalus, daring to create in the face of limitation while worrying cautiously about his son’s audacity in not heeding limitation. Tragic man is his brother’s keeper-a Hillel thinking out loud about the I, the you, and the when. He is an exquisitely wise man distressed by the existential loneliness of knowing that few share his wisdom. He knows that rationality has limitations, and that comprehension is method and not goal. Tragic man is also courageous man bcause he intends to prevail in the face of adversity and chaos. He is tolerant of paradox insofar as he is committed to comprehending the incomprehensible. He will create order within himself, knowing that order need not exist outside himself. Once having created such order, he will transform it into a new order, initiating a new chaos of uncertainty that needs, once again, a new internal order to contain it and sustain it. This commitment is a willingness to face situations from which it would be natural to run away. It consists of transcending normal fears . . . and it is neither impetuous nor foolish, but discriminating and sober. Courage, like the sense of the tragic, comes from inner conviction, not from external circumstances; circumstances is the arena in which it is revealed. Its presence indicates a commitment to live by certain values that make meaningful and dignified an existence that would otherwise be meaningless. For Tillich (1952) courage has two meanings: an ethical and an ontological meaning. As a human act based upon values, courage is an ethical phenomenon, while as an