cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental stimulation of total phenolics and related antioxidant activity in light- and dark-germinated corn by natural elicitors

Abstract The phenylpropanoid pathway (PPP) was stimulated in dark-germinated corn sprouts and light-germinated seedlings through the pentose phosphate and shikimate pathways during sprouting and subsequent growth phase. Overall trends indicated that natural elicitors such as fish protein hydrolysates (FPH), lactoferrin (LF) and oregano extract (OE) did not stimulate phenolics, antioxidant and seed vigour properties of the corn sprouts and seedlings significantly, but were stimulated in certain stages for specific treatments. The general trend of developmental regulation of total phenolics in corn sprouts was a steady increase with germination. The total phenolic content of control increased almost three-fold from days 1–8 (4 mg/g FW) of dark germination. In the case of 5 ml/l FPH and 2 ml/l OE treatment, the highest phenolic content of 4.5 mg/g FW on days 8 and 7 of dark germination was observed. The FPH and OE primed light-germinated seedlings had 29 and 22% higher phenolic levels, respectively, compared to control on day 3, which was associated with a 33 and 22% increase, respectively, in growth on the same day. In general, the antioxidant activity also increased with germination and growth for control and all treatments. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the case of 2 ml/l OE treatment for sprouts on day 8 with 81% 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition. This higher activity coincided with higher phenolic content, showing that total soluble phenolics were contributing to high antioxidant activity. In the case of light-germinated corn seedlings, the antioxidant activity was high during early growth, suggesting that activity was linked to free soluble phenolics as GPX activity indicates that phenolics were not being partitioned to polymerization or lignification at this stage. In dark-germinated sprouts, higher glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity was observed during early germination possibly due to the carbohydrate mobilization from the cotyledons directed towards the high nutrient requirements of the growing sprout. In light-germinated seedlings, the G6PDH activity only in FPH primed treatment peaked on day 3, and this increased activity was maintained throughout late stages. A positive correlation between G6PDH activity, phenolics and growth was observed for all treatments and control. Both in the case of dark-germinated corn sprouts and light-germinated seedlings, a steady increase in the GPX activity was observed as the germination progressed, reflecting the plants’ need for phenolics for lignification and structural development during growth. This study supports the developmental and partial short-term influence of elicitors on the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and its mobilization of enhanced phenolics and antioxidant activity.
Reinforcing effect of the D1 dopamine agonist SKF 81297 in rhesus monkeys.

Rhesus monkeys with IV catheters were allowed to self-administer cocaine for 1 h/day. When responding was stable, saline or the D1 dopamine agonist SKF 81297 (SKF; 0.001–0.3 mg/kg/inj) was substituted for cocaine. At least two doses of SKF maintained responding above saline levels in all monkeys. The D1 antagonist SCH 39166 (0.001–0.03 mg/kg, IM) was then administered 30 min before sessions of self-administration of the lowest dose of SKF that maintained behavior (0.01 mg/kg/inj). SKF-maintained responding decreased in a dose-related manner, suggesting antagonism of the reinforcing effect. These results suggest that stimulation of D1 receptors can initiate a reinforcing effect and further implicate D1 receptors in the reinforcing effects of drugs that increase dopamine neurotransmission.
Whose Statement Is It? An Examination of Victim Impact Statements Delivered in Court

AbstractMany crime victims today have the opportunity to create, and in some contexts deliver, a victim impact statement in court. While research has examined the effects of this participation on outcomes like sentencing, very little is known about the content of these statements or if the content is influenced by the context in which it is shared (i.e., the courtroom). Using trial transcripts and interviews with criminal justice officials and family members of homicide victims, the current study examines the stories victims share as well as the influence justice system actors have in their creation and delivery.
Structural characterization of H3K56Q nucleosomes and nucleosomal arrays

Abstract The post-translational modification of histones is a key mechanism for the modulation of DNA accessibility. Acetylated lysine 56 in histone H3 is associated with nucleosome assembly during replication and DNA repair, and is thus likely to predominate in regions of chromatin containing nucleosome-free regions. Here we show by X-ray crystallography that mutation of H3 lysine 56 to glutamine (to mimic acetylation) or glutamate (to cause a charge reversal) has no detectable effects on the structure of the nucleosome. At the level of higher order chromatin structure, the K to Q substitution has no effect on the folding of model nucleosomal arrays in cis, regardless of the degree of nucleosome density. In contrast, defects in array–array interactions in trans (‘oligomerization’) are selectively observed for mutant H3 lysine 56 arrays that contain nucleosome-free regions. Our data suggests that H3K56 acetylation is one of the molecular mechanisms employed to keep chromatin with nucleosome-free regions accessible to the DNA replication and repair machinery.
Occurrence and Genesis of Thunder Eggs Containing Plume and Moss Agate

(2002). Occurrence and Genesis of Thunder Eggs Containing Plume and Moss Agate. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 252-268.
The effective recombination coefficient of an ionosphere containing a mixture of ions

Abstract The effective recombination coefficient of the normal ionosphere may be evaluated from the nocturnal variation of ionization density; from the rate of change of ionization during a solar eclipse; or from the “sluggishness” of the ionization, as exhibited in its diurnal variation. These three methods are found to give widely different results, at any one height in the ionosphere. It is shown that an ionosphere containing a mixture of several ion species with different recombination coefficients, gives adequate explanation of these discrepancies. Formulae are presented for the effective recombination coefficient for this model. A consideration of existing knowledge of ionization processes in the E -region suggests that the ions concerned may be those of molecular oxygen and nitric oxide; the latter being produced by ion-atom interchange between nitrogen molecules and atomic oxygen ions. The nocturnal E -region should then consist primarily of NO + ions.
Increased morning brain natriuretic peptide levels in children with nocturnal enuresis and sleep-disordered breathing: a community-based study.

INTRODUCTION Habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea have been associated with bed-wetting in children, and effective obstructive sleep apnea treatment may improve enuresis. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this work was to assess whether habitual snoring is associated with increased incidence of enuresis and whether severity of obstructive sleep apnea correlates with enuretic frequency and to evaluate brain natriuretic peptide levels. METHODS Parental surveys of 5- to 7-year-old children were reviewed for habitual snoring and enuresis. Enuresis was also assessed in a cohort of 378 children with habitual snoring undergoing overnight polysomnographic evaluation, and brain natriuretic peptide plasma levels were determined in 20 children with obstructive sleep apnea, 20 with habitual snoring without obstructive sleep apnea, and 20 nonsnoring children, matched for enuresis. RESULTS There were 17,646 surveys completed (50.6% boys; 18.3% black). A total of 1976 (11.2%) of these children were habitual snoring (53% boys; 25.2% black). A total of 531 habitual snoring children also had enuresis (26.9%), with a predominant representation of boys (472 boys [87.5%]). Among the 15670 nonsnoring children, enuresis was reported in 1821 children (11.6%), of whom 88.8% were boys. However, enuresis among 378 children with habitual snoring did not correlate with the magnitude of sleep respiratory disturbances. Indeed, enuresis was reported in 33 of 149 children with obstructive sleep apnea (obstructive apnea hypopnea index: >2 per hour of total sleep time; 53% boys) as compared with 36 habitual snoring children with enuresis (62% boys) and obstructive apnea hypopnea index <2 per hour of total sleep time. Brain natriuretic peptide levels were elevated among children with enuresis and were marginally increased among children with obstructive sleep apnea. CONCLUSIONS Habitual snoring is associated with increased prevalence of enuresis, and brain natriuretic peptide levels are increased in enuretic children with further increases with obstructive sleep apnea. However, the prevalence of enuresis is not modified by severity of sleep disturbance. Even mild increases in sleep pressure because of habitual snoring may raise the arousal threshold and promote enuresis, particularly among prone children, that is, those with elevated brain natriuretic peptide levels.
Association of Hospital Primary Angioplasty Volume in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Quality and Outcomes

Context Earlier studies indicate an inverse relationship between hospital volume and mortality after primary angioplasty for patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, contemporary data are lacking. Objective To assess the relationship between hospital primary angioplasty volume and outcomes and quality of care measures in patients presenting with STEMI. Design, Setting, and Patients An observational analysis of data on 29 513 patients presenting with STEMI and undergoing primary angioplasty in the American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines registry. Patients were treated between July 5, 2001, and December 31, 2007, at 166 angioplasty-capable hospitals across the United States. Hospitals were divided into tertiles ( 70 procedures per year) based on their annual primary angioplasty volume. Main Outcome Measures Door-to-balloon (DTB) times, length of hospital stay, adherence with evidence-based quality of care measures, and in-hospital mortality. Results Compared with low- and medium-volume centers, high-volume centers had better median DTB times (98 vs 90 vs 88 minutes, respectively; P for trend Conclusion In a contemporary registry of patients with STEMI, higher-volume primary angioplasty centers vs lower-volume centers were associated with shorter DTB times and more use of evidence-based therapies, but not with adjusted in-hospital mortality or length of hospital stay.
Voices from the Leadership of Academic Advising

In this article, we present the results of interviews with past presidents of NACADA (the National ACademic ADvising Association), who responded to nine questions about the strengths, achievements,...
Production of high energy, uniform focal profiles with the Nike laser

Abstract Nike, a KrF laser facility at the Naval Research Laboratory, is designed to produce high intensity, ultra-uniform focal profiles for experiments relating to direct drive inertial confinement fusion. We present measurements of focal profiles through the next-to-last amplifier, a 20 × 20 cm 2 aperture electron beam pumped amplifier capable of producing more than 120 J of output in a 120 ns pulse. Using echelon free induced spatial incoherence beam smoothing this system has produced focal profiles with less than 2% tilt and curvature and less than 2% rms variation from a flat top distribution.
LONG-TERM PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOME AND SATISFACTION AFTER ORAL MUCOSA GRAFT URETHROPLASTY FOR HYPOSPADIAS

ABSTRACTPurpose: There is a paucity of long-term patient reported outcome data on surgery for hypospadias. We sought to evaluate genitourinary function and satisfaction after oral mucosa graft urethroplasty (OMGU) for hypospadias.Materials and Methods: We identified 65 patients who had undergone OMGU at our institution between 1992 and 2003, and surveyed these patients to evaluate oral health, urinary function and satisfaction with outcomes.Results: We located 51 patients who had undergone OMGU, of whom 43 (84%) agreed to participate in the study. Median followup was 6.9 years. Mean study age was 15.1 years. Of the patients 47% had severe hypospadias with failed previous repair and 42% had severe hypospadias with previous first stage surgery. Oral complaints were rare and primarily cosmetic. No patient whose oral harvest was limited to the cheek (vs lip) had cosmetic complaints. Urinary spray and stream deviation were reported by 11 patients (26%) and 12 patients (28%), respectively. American Urological A...
TNFα Elicits Association of PI 3-Kinase with the p60TNFR and Activation of PI 3-Kinase in Adherent Neutrophils

Tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) is an incomplete secretagogue in neutrophils and requires the engagement of beta integrins to trigger secretion of superoxide anion (O(-)(2)). The p60 TNF receptor (p60TNFR) is responsible for signal transduction for activation of O(-)(2) generation. Activation of TNFalpha-triggered O(-)(2) generation in neutrophils adherent to fibrinogen-coated surfaces involves the beta2 integrin receptor CD11b/CD18. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) is essential for activation of O(-)(2) generation; wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI 3-kinase, inhibited TNFalpha-elicited O(-)(2) generation. p60TNFR immunoprecipitated from neutrophils was associated with immunoreactivity to PI 3-kinase in adherent neutrophils exposed to TNFalpha, but not in TNFalpha-treated neutrophils in suspension. In addition, PI 3-kinase immunoprecipitated from TNFalpha-activated neutrophils showed enhanced activity in adherent but not in nonadherent neutrophils. These findings suggest that synergism between CD11b/CD18 and p60TNFR in the presence of TNFalpha is required to elicit assembly of a signaling complex involving association of p60TNFR with PI 3-kinase, activation of PI 3-kinase, and generation of O(-)(2).
Editor's Introduction: Medium and Message in German Modernism

Even a cursory glance at the artistic projects and aesthetic conceptions that take shape in the German-speaking parts of Central Europe between 1890 and 1930 and that have since come to be viewed as indispensable to an understanding of German Modernism will yield an enormous variety of projects. From the early expressionist projects of the Brucke and the Viennese Sezession to the brutally satiric and anti-aestheticist indictments of a bankrupt bourgeois culture in Georg Grosz, Otto Dix, or Max Beckmann in the visual arts; from the second Viennese School of Schoenberg, Berg, Webern to the unique amalgamation of seemingly disparate and often brilliantly adaptive styles in late-or avowedly post-Romantic composers such as Mahler, Berg, Zemlinski, Korngold, or Kurt Weill; and from the post-Humanism of such dissimilar figures as the post-Nietzschean pessimist Oswald Spengler and the only slightly more upbeat projects of Max Weber and Georg Simmel to the epigrammatic concision of Karl Kraus and Ludwig Wittgenste...
Theory of pressure-induced vibrational and rotational absorption of diatomic molecules colliding with atoms at high temperatures

Abstract A derivation is given for the integrated absorption coefficient of pressure-induced pure rotational and vibrational transitions in binary collisions of homonuclear diatomic molecules with neutral atoms. The previously neglected effects of excited vibrational states, mechanical anharmonicity, vibration-rotation interaction, transverse components of the dipole moment, and a higher order term in the expansion of the z component of the dipole moment are taken into account to obtain more accurate absorption coefficients at temperatures above 423 K. In the region of the fundamental wave number the excited vibrational states make more of a contribution to the absorption than their relative populations would indicate.
Multiple regression analysis of twin data: a model-fitting approach.

The multiple regression methodology proposed by DeFries and Fulker (DF; 1985, 1988) for the analysis of twin data is compared with maximum-likelihood estimation of genetic and environmental parameters from covariance structure. Expectations for the regression coefficients from submodels omitting theh2 andc2 terms are derived. Model comparisons similar to those conducted using maximum-likelihood estimation procedures are illustrated using multiple regression. Submodels of the augmented DF model are shown to yield parameter estimates highly similar to those obtained from the traditional latent variable model. While maximum-likelihood estimation of covariance structure may be the optimal statistical method of estimating genetic and environmental parameters, the model-fitting approach we propose is a useful extension to the highly flexible and conceptually simple DF methodology.
Comparison of atomic charges derived via different procedures

Atomic charges were obtained from ab initio molecular orbital calculations using a variety of procedures to compare them and assess their utility. Two procedures based on the molecular orbitals were examined, the Mulliken population analysis and the Weinhold–Reed Natural Population Analysis. Two procedures using the charge density distribution were included; the Hirshfeld procedure and Bader's Atoms in Molecules method. Charges also were derived by fitting the electrostatic potential (CHELPG) and making use of the atomic polar tensors (GAPT). The procedures were first examined for basis set independence, and then applied to a group of hydrocarbons. The dipole moments for these molecules were computed from the various atomic charges and compared to the total SCF dipole moments. This was followed by an examination of a series of substituted methanes, simple hydrides, and a group of typical organic compounds such as carbonyl derivatives, nitriles, and nitro compounds. In some cases, the ability of the charges to reproduce electrostatic potentials was examined. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Spatial frequency and contrast effects on percepts of bistable stroboscopic motion

Using alternating frames containing circular patches of vertical sinusoidal gratings, we investigated the effects of spatial frequency and contrast on the perception of end-to-end element and group motion in bistable motion. Experiment 1 showed that for a fixed physical contrast of .33, the percentage of reports of group motion tended to decrease across interstimulus intervals (ISIs) as spatial frequency increased from 1.5 to 6.0 cycles per degree (cpd), In Experiment 2, increasing the contrast of 1.5-cpd elements from .11 to .33 increased the percentage of group motion reports across ISIs. In Experiment 3, we set the physical contrasts of the 1.5- and 3.0-cpd grating patches to match subjectively the apparent contrast of the 6.0-cpd grating set at a physical contrast of .33. With such subjectively equated contrasts, the spatial frequency-dependent trend found in Experiment 1 was either attenuated or eliminated. These results (1) implicate the role of spatial frequency- and contrast-dependent pattern persistence effects on the perception of bistable motion, and (2) in the context of prior studies, suggest that the contribution of this general persistence effect to the perception of bistable motion is independent of the intrinsic spatial scale properties that characterize motion detectors.
The influence of the thyroid on adrenocortical function.

THE results of several clinical and experimental studies using radioactive iodine are in agreement that corticotropin and cortisone inhibit the production of thyroid hormone, although the mechanism of this inhibition is still in dispute (1, 2, 3). However, information concerning the influence of thyroid hormones on adrenocortical activity is conflicting. Evaluations of adrenocortical function in clinical hyperthyroidism, based on anatomic findings, have yielded contradictory reports. Marine (4) and LeCompte (5) reported a decrease in adrenal size in hyperthyroid patients. Hoist (6) found adrenal hyperplasia in a few such patients, and Means (7) found no remarkable change in the adrenals. Measurements of urinary steroid excretion have shown normal or low 17-ketosteroids (8–11) and low formaldehydogenic steroids (12) in hyperthyroidism. Plasma 17- hydroxycorticosteroid levels in a few hyperthyroid. patients have been in the normal range (13). In clinical myxedema the urinary excretions of 17-ketosteroids an...
Globalizing sport: assessing the World Baseball Classic

The ‘globalization of Major League Baseball’ is critically assessed through its most visible effort in that direction. The World Baseball Classic debuted in 2006 to stellar reviews, but in examining how this tournament was structured Major League Baseball reveals its view of what globalization means for the industry. This tournament is further examined against a backdrop of globalization as a continuum. The two ends of that continuum, ‘Testicular Globalization’ and ‘Tough Love Globalization’ represent two poles that differ in terms of how much power is centralized or decentralized. By this standard, Major League Baseball is not only far behind sports such as football (soccer) and the National Basketball Association, but we now have more sophisticated criteria to assess globalization.
CONSTITUENCY INTEREST AND CONGRESSIONAL SUPPORT FOR THE PRESIDENT ON FOREIGN TRADE ROLL-CALL VOTING

The literature on executive influence in Congress has paid little attention to the role of salient constituency interests in presidential support. District-level data on economic activity is used here to model the effect of this interest on legislators' opposition to the president on foreign trade policy votes where the president's position would be detrimental to constituency groups. The constituency variable has a powerful effect on decision making to oppose the president. The results also reinforce the importance of factors commonly associated with presidential influence, as well as the effect of the partisan and policy contexts.
Emerging roles for cholesterol and lipoproteins in lung disease

Dyslipidemia, the condition of elevated serum triglycerides, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and/or low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is a public health problem of growing concern. Dyslipidemia clusters with other disorders of the metabolic syndrome that together influence, and may derive from, chronic inflammation. While best recognized as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, lipid dysregulation has recently been shown to influence a variety of disease processes in several organ systems. This review highlights our current understanding of the role of cholesterol and its homeostatic trafficking in pulmonary physiology and pathophysiology. Gene-targeted mice deficient in regulatory proteins that govern reverse cholesterol transport (e.g., ATP Binding Cassette transporter G1, apolipoprotein E) have recently been shown to have abnormal lung physiology, including dysregulated pulmonary innate and adaptive immune responses to the environment. It has also recently been shown that diet-induced dyslipidemia alters trafficking of immune cells to the lung in a manner that may have important implications for the pathogenesis of acute lung injury, asthma, pneumonia, and other lung disorders. Conversely, cholesterol-targeting pharmacologic agents, such as statins, apolipoprotein mimetic peptides, and Liver X Receptor agonists, have shown early promise in the treatment of several lung disorders. An improved understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms by which cholesterol and its trafficking modify pulmonary immunity will be required before the full implications of dyslipidemia as a lung disease modifier, and the full potential of lipid-targeting agents as pulmonary therapeutics, can be realized.
Use of the Datamyte in analyzing duration of infant visual behaviors

The Datamyte 900 is being used to determine the duration of various infant visual behaviors in a study designed to compare the social responses of premature and full-term infants to their mothers and to strangers. The behaviors are recorded initially on video tape and then scored using the Datamyte 900. The data are transmitted to a Modcomp II computer for compression and formatting before being utilized to calculate reliabilities and inferential statistics. A program listing and description is provided, as well as a discussion of user problems.
The expressive body: a common ground for the sociology of emotions and health and illness

This paper attempts to explore the relevance of the field of sociology of emotions for the sociology of health and illness. An existential-phenomenological perspective which emphasises subjectivity and the active expressive body is used to bridge the mind-body-society splits that characterise both fields. The paper briefly reviews some of the current literature in the sociology of emotions that tries to address the role of the body in emotional life and then draws on the works of Buytendijk and others on: 1) the form taken by emotional information and communication, 2) the grounding of the schema that structures feelings in bodily experience. This is followed by an outline of ‘unpleasant’ and ‘pleasant’ emotional‘modes of being’. Such modes of being are physically expressed in neuro-hormonal, muscular skeletal forms and in the manner in which organism and environment exchange matter (eg breathing). The paper concludes by linking emotional modes of being to social structural features that impinge upon existence. Specifically, these social structural features include a person's social position (status) and the social control activities that accompany social relationships. This final section analyses dramaturgical stress and the social construction of emotional‘false’consciousness. It is concluded that both the sociology of emotions and health and illness need to incorporate the concept of the living, embodied human subject and recent studies in bio-psycho-social research into their discourses. A focus on the emotionally expressive, embodied subject, who is active in the context of power and social control, can provide a useful approach for studying distressful feelings, society, and health.
Spatial orientation by mental transformation

Across three experiments, college students read narratives describing two-dimensional horizontal, sagittal, or coronal environments, each with seven objects in surrounding directions (at 45° angles). Then they responded from memory to questions about which objects were in specific directions. The distributions of error rates and response times were compared with distributions predicted by a mental transformation model and two verbal-spatial decoding and retrieval models. The data fit the predictions of a modified mental transformation model (mental transformation plus 180° exception) better than the predictions of either verbal-spatial model. This was true even though the environment was presented narratively rather than perceptually, and it was true for both the vertical planes in addition to the more typical horizontal plane.
Differential effects of Ca2+, EDTA and adrenergic blocking agents on the actions of some hormones on adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate levels in isolated adipose cells as determined by prior labelling with [8−14C]adenine

The effects of several hormones on the adenyl cyclase-adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) system in isolated adipose cells were studied by measuring the formation and accumulation of radioactive cyclic AMP by cells which have been prelabeled with [8−14C]adenine. Based on the differential effects of Ca2+, EDTA and adrenergic blocking agents, the lipolytic hormones that activate the adenyl cyclase in adipose cells can be divided into the following categories: (1) norepinephrine, (2) glucagon, and (3) general one which includes corticotropin, thyroid-stimulating hormone and probably luteinizing hormone. It is suggested that in adipose cells there may exist at least three functionally distinguishable receptor sites on the cyclase, one responsive to each category of these hormones.
Modeling the scalar dissipation rate for a turbulent series-parallel reaction

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) offers a powerful approach for simulating the turbulent flows present in many chemical reactors. When combined with probability density function (PDF) methods, CFD can treat complex, finite-rate chemistry without modeling. Nevertheless, the accurate prediction of turbulence-chemistry interactions depends strongly on the model employed to close the scalar dissipation rate. The spectral relaxation model (SRM) for the scalar dissipation rate overcomes many of the shortcomings of the standard model by including a non-equilibrium description of the scalar energy spectrum. A Lagrangian PDF formulation of the SRM is employed in this work to study a series-parallel reaction (A + B → R, R + B → S) in a single-jet tubular reactor and the results are compared to experimental data and earlier results found with the standard model.
Aeromagnetic evidence for a volcanic caldera(?) Complex beneath the divide of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet

A 1995–96 aeromagnetic survey over part of the Sinuous Ridge (SR) beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) divide shows a 70-km diameter circular pattern of 400–1200-nT anomalies suggesting one of the largest volcanic caldera(?) complexes on earth. Radar-ice-sounding (RIS) shows the northern part of this pattern overlies the SR, and extends south over the Bentley Subglacial Trench (BST). Modeled sources of all but one the caldera(?) anomalies are at the base of <1–2-km thick ice and their volcanic edifices have been glacially removed. The exception is a 700-m high, 15-km wide "volcano" producing an 800-nT anomaly over the BST. “Intrusion” of this “volcano” beneath 3 km of ice probably resulted in pillow basalt rather than easily removed hyaloclastite erupted beneath thinner ice. The background area (−300 to −500-nT) surrounding the caldera(?) is possibly caused by a shallow Curie isotherm. We suggest uplift of the SR forced the advance of the WAIS.
Photocarcinogenesis Promotion Studies With Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) and Croton Oil

Abstract Previous studies demonstrated that BPO can promote chemically initiated tumor formation in SENCAR mice. In addition, a number of chemicals have been shown to promote and/or enhance UVR induced carcinogenesis. This study examined the effect of BPO on UVR initiated tumor formation. One hundred and forty-eight Uscd mice received 270 mJ/cm 2 of UVB radiation to the posterior halves of their backs 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Four weeks later the mice were divided into 4 groups. Group I received croton oil in acetone applications to the back 5 times a week for the duration of the study. Group II received acetone, Group III received the BPO diluent, and Group IV received the BPO in an aqueous diluent applications as in Group I. One mouse in Group II (acetone) and one in Group IV (BPO) developed tumors in unirradiated skin. In the UVR initiated skin 38% of the survivors developed tumors in Group I (croton oil), whereas 5% did in Group II (acetone), 8% in Group III (BPO base), and 8% group IV (BPO). Thus under the circumstances of this study croton oil did promote UV initiated tumor formation but BPO did not. These results are consistent with those recently reported by Iversen.
NEIGHBORHOOD CRIME PREVENTION: THE INFLUENCES OF COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS AND NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH

Proponents of community oriented policing stress that an intimate partnership between the police and citizens is necessary in order to accomplish crime control and crime prevention. Supporters of c...
Control of hemolymph volume by adjustments in urinary and drinking rates in the crab, cancer borealis

Abstract 1. 1. Cancer borealis rapidly and accurately regulates hemolymph volume by appropriate changes in urinary and drinking rates. 2. 2. Hemolymph volume is probably sensed by receptors in the posterior cephalothorax, as a section of the nerve cord caudal to the thoracic ganglion at the level of the fourth perieopod eliminates the crab's ability to control hemolymph volume. 3. 3. It is proposed that stretch receptors in muscles of the posterior cephalothorax are the most likely sensors for hemolymph volume.
Reaction of hydrogen with structural materials based on iron

The effect of hydrogen on the interatomic bond, thermodynamic stability, crystal lattice defects and mechanical properties of solid solutions based on iron with a fcc lattice using the results of ab initio calculations of the electron structure and experimental data obtained by electron spin resonance, x-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy and internal friction, is analyzed. Different hypotheses are considered explaining the development of hydrogen embrittlement. The role of an increase in vacancy concentration, caused by hydrogen, in localising plastic deformation strengthened by hydrogen is discussed.
Love in a Cold Climate: The Future of Feminism and Gender Studies in Middle English Scholarship

This article has two purposes: the first is to survey new approaches to gender studies in scholarship on Middle English literature; the second is to outline the continuing marginalization of gender studies in the field of Middle English scholarship and the consequences of this, both for the future of the discipline and for gender studies.
The 6 June 2003 Bardwell, Kentucky, Earthquake Sequence: Evidence for a Locally Perturbed Stress Field in the Mississippi Embayment

This article describes an unusually well-behaved, unusually well-documented central and eastern United States (ceus) earthquake sequence. Detailed analysis of regional and local waveform data from the 6 June 2003 Bardwell, Kentucky, earthquake indicates that the mainshock has the seismic moment of M 0 1.3 (±0.5) × 10 15 N m ( M w 4.0) and occurred at a depth of about 2 (±1) km on a near-vertical fault plane. A temporary seismic network recorded 85 aftershocks that delineate an east-trending fault approximately 1 km in length. The hypocenters illuminate a vertical plane between 2.0 and 2.7 km depth. The centroid of the aftershock distribution is at 36.875° N, 89.010° W and a depth of 2.4 km. The aftershock cluster is interpreted as a circular fault area with a radius of 0.44 (±0.03) km. This source radius yields a static stress drop, Δ σ = 67 (±14) bars for the mainshock. The focal mechanism for the mainshock has strike = 90°, dip = 89°, and rake = −165° with a subhorizontal P axis trending 135°. A formal stress inversion based on the focal mechanisms of the mainshock and ten aftershocks indicates the maximum compressive stress trends 104° with a plunge of 5°. The local stress field near Bardwell is therefore rotated about 40° clockwise relative to 65° for eastern North America as a whole. The Bardwell earthquakes have the opposite sense of slip to earthquakes with east-trending nodal planes that occur near New Madrid, Missouri. This requires a significant local rotation of the stress field over a distance of 60 km.
Personality Characteristics and Interracial Contact as Determinants of Black Prejudice Toward Whites

The purpose of this study is to determine how interracial contact affects the attitudes of Blacks toward Whites. The study also delineates the personality characteristics predictive ofprejudice and prejudice changes, and how these characteristics differ between Blacks and Whites. The subjects were 112 male inmates (63 Blacks and 49 Whites) newly admitted to a medium security state correctional institution. Over a period of 1 month every new inmate was requested to answer a series of questionnaires to assess his cognitive complexity, self-esteem, attitudes toward people, and prejudice. Three weeks after his first session each subject was requested to respond to a second measure of prejudice. The data indicate that initially Whites were much more prejudiced than Blacks. The contact situation increased prejudice in Blacks and decreased prejudice in Whites. Within each group positive attitudes toward people in general predicted a decrease in prejudice. This was the only variable which functioned the same for ...
Autoaggregation of Xylella fastidiosa Cells Is Influenced by Type I and Type IV Pili

Autoaggregation of widely dispersed Xylella fastidiosa cells into compact cell masses occurred over a period of hours following 7 to 11 days of growth in microfluidic chambers. Studies involving the use of mutants defective in polarly positioned type I (fimA-negative), type IV (pilB-negative), or both type I and IV (fimA- and pilO-negative) pili revealed the importance and role of pili in the autoaggregation process.
Radiation-induced ocular injury in the dog: A histological study

Radiation-induced ocular injury secondary to treatment of nasal cancer occurs in humans and animals. Dogs with nasal carcinomas were randomized to receive 36 to 67.5 Gy in fractionated doses given in 4 weeks using a 6 MV linear accelerator. Ophthalmic examinations were performed according to a predetermined protocol and eyes were removed for histologic examination when dogs were euthanatized. The eye in the radiation field exhibited greater injury than the contralateral eye with nasal areas of the globe having more severe lesions than temporal areas. Lesions occurred in all dogs and at all doses. At 1 month or less postirradiation treatment, all dogs had blepharitis, keratoconjunctivitis and corneal epithelial atrophy. Surface lesions persisted in all eyes, becoming less severe and more chronic with time. At 3-6 months postirradiation treatment, degenerative angiopathy of retinal vessels appeared with multifocal retinal hemorrhage and mild diffuse retinal degeneration which affected outer layers first and progressed inwardly with time. At 6 months postirradiation treatment, there were cataracts, fibrosis of retinal vessel walls with loss of vascular smooth muscle, retinal hemorrhage, and mild to moderate retinal degeneration. At 1 year postirradiation treatment, retinal vessels remained sclerotic, retinal hemorrhage was less frequent, and there was moderate retinal degeneration with swelling and loss of ganglion cells. By 2 years or more postirradiation treatment, optic nerve axonal degeneration secondary to retinal changes had appeared. Tapetal and choroidal atrophy were inconsistently seen. Thus, ocular lesions at the doses received developed along a relatively predictable time course and recovery was not seen. Structures of the canine eye appear sufficiently sensitive that even relatively low total doses given in small doses per fraction cause significant long-term injury.
Jaundice in the Intensive Care Unit

Hyperbilirubinemia, or jaundice, is common in the ICU, with incidence up to 40% among critically ill patients. Unfortunately, it is poorly understood in the critically ill, and too often presents a diagnostic dilemma to the ICU physician. Causes of jaundice in the ICU are multiple; the etiology in any given patient multifactorial. Acute jaundice can be a harbinger or marker of sepsis, multisystem organ failure (MSOF), or a reflection of transient hypotension (shock liver), right-sided heart failure, the metabolic breakdown of red blood cells, or pharmacologic toxicity. The persistence of jaundice is associated with a significant increase in patient morbidity and mortality. Acute ICU jaundice is best divided into obstructive and nonobstructive. This stratification directs subsequent management and therapeutic decisions.
Relational quality and communicative responses following hurtful events in dating relationships: An expectancy violations analysis

The present study uses expectancy violations theory to investigate hurtful events, relational quality, and communication in dating relationships. Participants (N = 263) described a hurtful behavior performed by their dating partner and recalled their reaction to that behavior. When respondents evaluated the hurtful event as a highly negative expectancy violation and judged their partner as unrewarding, they were more likely to report breaking up, being less satisfied and committed, and using destructive rather than constructive communication. Individuals who were deeply hurt reported being slightly less likely to break up, more likely to be satisfied and committed, and more likely to use both constructive and destructive communication. Finally, victims who perceived their partners’ actions as intentional were more likely to report using destructive communicative responses.
The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis

The purpose of this paper is to present, or more correctly, to revive, a hypothesis regarding the causes of agricultural serfdom or slavery (used here interchangeably). The hypothesis was suggested by Kliuchevsky's description of the Russian experience in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, but it aims at a wider applicability.
Effects of limited proteolysis on broad bean polyphenoloxidase

Partially purified broad bean polyphenoloxidase was treated with a variety of proteases. Enzyme activity increased after treatment with chymotrypsin, pepsin, subtilisin, thermolysin, trypsin, and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease but this activation was masked when assayed in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. The enzyme was resistant to proteolysis when treated with chymotrypsin, elastase, pepsin, thermolysin, and V8 protease. Proteinase K, subtilisin and trypsin treatment resulted in partial degradation of the enzyme but only trypsin generated an active enzyme form with a slightly smaller molecular weight. Electrophoresis, followed by enzyme staining and or Western blotting, showed that trypsin treatment converted the active 45 kd enzyme into a 43 kd enzyme within 20 min. Treatment with proteinase K, subtilisin and trypsin also produced inactive higher molecular weight forms of purified polyphenoloxidase that were identified by Western blotting. The use of antibodies coupled with Western blotting also identified inactive, active, and latent polyphenoloxidase after protease treatment, and suggests that immunological methods can be used to establish the types and amounts of polyphenoloxidase present in a given tissue.
Identifying the Sources of Instabilities in Macroeconomic Fluctuations

Abstract This paper investigates the sources of the substantial decrease in output growth volatility in the mid-1980s by identifying which of the structural parameters in a representative New Keynesian and structural VAR models changed. Overturning conventional wisdom, we show that the Great Moderation was due not only to changes in shock volatilities but also to changes in monetary policy parameters, as well as in the private sector's parameters. The Great Moderation was previously attributed to good luck because the alternative sources of instabilities appear to have offsetting effects on output volatility and therefore were impossible to detect using existing techniques.
REDEFINING SECULARISM IN POSTCOLONIAL CONTEXTS An Introduction

The article raises the problematic of translation of the political doctrine of secularism in postcolonial contexts and the inherent challenges in articulating secular subjectivities that are trappe...
Comparison of Nanoindentation Measurements Between Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type III and Type IV and Between Different Anatomic Locations (Femur/Tibia versus Iliac Crest)

Nanoindentation was used to compare the intrinsic mechanical properties of bone tissue (iliac crest biopsy) from children with type III and type IV osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Young's modulus and hardness values were not significantly different between the two clinical severity groups on either cortical or trabecular measurement. In comparing the ratio of modulus over hardness (E/H) between OI type III and IV. The type III bone showed a marginally significant decrease for cortical bone and significant decrease for trabecular bone, which indicated that the OI type III bone was more brittle than OI type IV bone at the tissue level. In addition, nanoindentation measurements of the bone tissue harvested at femur/tibia from the same patients were compared with the results from the iliac crest biopsy. Young's modulus and hardness values were not significantly different between the two anatomic locations in either cortical or trabecular measurements. The ratio of E/H was not significantly different between the two groups. Results indicate that intrinsic modulus, hardness, and indentation deformation pattern (E/H) of OI bone tissues are not significantly different at long bone (midshaft of femur/tibia) and iliac crest. We observed that age (1.9 to 13.2 years) did not influence OI bone tissue intrinsic mechanical properties.
Mechanical Transients Initiated by Photolysis of Caged ATP within Fibers of Insect Fibrillar Flight Muscle

Kinetics of the cross-bridge cycle in insect fibrillar flight muscle have been measured using laser pulse photolysis of caged ATP and caged inorganic phosphate (Pi) to produce rapid step increases in the concentration of ATP and Pi within single glycerol-extracted fibers. Rapid photochemical liberation of 100 microM-1 mM ATP from caged ATP within a fiber caused relaxation in the absence of Ca2+ and initiated an active contraction in the presence of approximately 30 microM Ca2+. The apparent second order rate constant for detachment of rigor cross-bridges by ATP was between 5 x 10(4) and 2 x 10(5) M-1s-1. This rate is not appreciably sensitive to the Ca2+ or Pi concentrations or to rigor tension level. The value is within an order of magnitude of the analogous reaction rate constant measured with isolated actin and insect myosin subfragment-1 (1986. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 7:179-192). In both the absence and presence of Ca2+ insect fibers showed evidence of transient cross-bridge reattachment after ATP-induced detachment from rigor, as found in corresponding experiments on rabbit psoas fibers. However, in contrast to results with rabbit fibers, tension traces of insect fibers starting at different rigor tensions did not converge to a common time course until late in the transients. This result suggests that the proportion of myosin cross-bridges that can reattach into force-generating states depends on stress or strain in the filament lattice. A steady 10-mM concentration of Pi markedly decreased the transient reattachment phase after caged ATP photolysis. Pi also decreased the amplitude of stretch activation after step stretches applied in the presence of Ca2+ and ATP. Photolysis of caged Pi during stretch activation abruptly terminated the development of tension. These results are consistent with a linkage between Pi release and the steps leading to force production in the cross-bridge cycle.
Selected Inflammatory Imitators of Mycosis Fungoides: Histologic Features and Utility of Ancillary Studies

Mycosis fungoides is the most common primary cutaneous lymphoma; however, it remains a significant diagnostic challenge, in part because of the overlap with several inflammatory dermatoses. Despite advances in immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostics, false-positive, false-negative, and indeterminate diagnoses are not uncommon. In most cases, the overall balance of morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features must be considered carefully because there are few sensitive and specific clues to the diagnosis. Moreover, an appropriate clinical presentation is essential to the diagnosis and helps to favor or exclude inflammatory/reactive processes. Herein, we discuss 3 important inflammatory dermatoses that may closely simulate mycosis fungoides, and we review the use of ancillary studies in these challenging cases.
Viral Gastroenteritis in Day-Care Settings: Epidemiology and New Developments

Viral gastroenteritis is one of the most frequently encountered problems in the day-care setting. Four different viruses are proven diarrhea pathogens, and each consists of multiple antigenic types. Most vial gastroenteritis cases occur during outbreaks, indicating that exposure is high once the agent is in the center. The occurrence of frequent outbreaks of infection in DCCs permits better studies of the immunologic factors that protect children against infection in this setting than can be achieved outside group settings.