cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Total parenteral nutrition in infants with catastrophic gastrointestinal anomalies

Abstract Intensive nutritional support is essential for survival and surgical rehabilitation of newborn infants with gastrointestinal anomalies. Oral feedings can usually be established after correction of a single congenital defect. At times, a feeding tube or gastrostomy may be required to provide nutrients to poor risk infants. However, all too often, enteral feeding is impossible and parenteral support inadequate, so that babies with multiple or complex lesions of the gastrointestinal tract die from the complications of starvation. The laboratory demonstration that normal growth and development can be achieved by supplying basic nutrients exclusively by the intravenous route 1 prompted use of the technic in surgical patients. More than 200 adults with chronic complicated gastrointestinal disease have been supported exclusively by the intravenous route with 2400–5000 calories per day for 10 to 200 days. Weight gain was observed in all patients associated with wound healing, fistula closure, positive nitrogen balance, and increased strength and activity. 2 Preliminary data on the first infant to be nourished by this intravenous feeding technic demonstrated normal growth, development, and metabolism despite near total absence of the small bowel and gastrointestinal dysfunction. 3 This is the first group of infants in whom total parenteral nutrition was used in conjunction with surgical treatment of catastrophic gastrointestinal anomalies.
GABA acts as a ligand chaperone in the early secretory pathway to promote cell surface expression of GABAA receptors

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain. The fast inhibitory effect of GABA is mediated through the GABA(A) receptor, a postsynaptic ligand-gated chloride channel. We propose that GABA can act as a ligand chaperone in the early secretory pathway to facilitate GABA(A) receptor cell surface expression. Forty-two hours of GABA treatment increased the surface expression of recombinant receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells, an effect accompanied by an increase in GABA-gated chloride currents. In time-course experiments, a 1h GABA exposure, followed by a 5h incubation in GABA-free medium, was sufficient to increase receptor surface expression. A shorter GABA exposure could be used in HEK 293 cells stably transfected with the GABA transporter GAT-1. In rGAT-1HEK 293 cells, the GABA effect was blocked by the GAT-1 inhibitor NO-711, indicating that GABA was acting intracellularly. The effect of GABA was prevented by brefeldin A (BFA), an inhibitor of early secretory pathway trafficking. Coexpression of GABA(A) receptors with the GABA synthetic enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) also resulted in an increase in receptor surface levels. GABA treatment failed to promote the surface expression of GABA binding site mutant receptors, which themselves were poorly expressed at the surface. Consistent with an intracellular action of GABA, we show that GABA does not act by stabilizing surface receptors. Furthermore, GABA treatment rescued the surface expression of a receptor construct that was retained within the secretory pathway. Lastly, the lipophilic competitive antagonist (+)bicuculline promoted receptor surface expression, including the rescue of a secretory pathway-retained receptor. Our results indicate that a neurotransmitter can act as a ligand chaperone in the early secretory pathway to regulate the surface expression of its receptor. This effect appears to rely on binding site occupancy, rather than agonist-induced structural changes, since chaperoning is observed with both an agonist and a competitive antagonist.
SYNTHESIS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING ANTITUMOR AGENTS : STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF THE AZABICYCLIC RING SYSTEM OF THE AZINOMYCINS

Full details of the synthesis of the fully elaborated aziridino[1,2-a]pyrrolidine substructure 2 of the antitumor agents azinomycins A and B are reported. Stereoselective bromination of dehydroamino acid 4 provided control of olefin configuration in the final product, as a consequence of a stereospecific cyclization of aziridine 3 onto the proximal β-bromoacrylate, which effected pyrrolidine ring introduction. Dehydroamino acid 4 was constructed by olefination of aldehyde 5 with a glycine-based phosphonate. Two complementary synthetic routes to 2 are presented. In the first route, the selectively protected C12/C13 diol system of the targets was introduced into starting structure 6 in a stereocontrolled manner using Brown's (γ-alkoxyallyl)diisopinocampheylborane reagent system. Transient protection of the C12 hydroxyl group of 48 as the trimethylsilyl ether was used to prevent C13 acetate migration prior to cyclization. Deprotection of the C12 hydroxyl following cyclization to the azabicyclic system afford...
SCHLIEREN VISUALIZATION OF MULTICYCLIC FLAME ACCELERATION PROCESS IN VALVELESS PULSED DETONATION COMBUSTORS

Turbulent flame acceleration process has been studied in a two-dimensional valveless pulsed detonation combustor (PDC) using Schlieren flow visualization, ionization probes, and companion high-frequency pressure instrumentation. Experiments were conducted using near stoichiometric propane-air mixtures in a 76.2 mm × 76.2 mm, 1.68 m long modular detonation tube with the windowed combustor under multicyclic conditions within the PDC operating in a valveless mode. The effect of the presence of the obstacle was investigated at various stages of the flame acceleration process in aerodynamically confined environment. Amplification of the leading shock waves through the interaction of the obstacle enhances the flame acceleration process owing to the reduction of post-shock induction time and the hydrodynamic instabilities at the baroclinic interface. The internal configuration of the combustor including the obstacle plays a major role of the flame acceleration due to the shock amplification pattern. Sequences of...
Explaining Global Patterns of International Aid for Linked Biodiversity Conservation and Development

Summary There is little systematic knowledge about the nature, extent, and trends of international aid for projects that link biodiversity conservation and development goals. This study uses a new dataset to analyze spatial and temporal patterns of such aid globally over the past three decades. Results reveal significant donor selectivity in aid allocation, though linked conservation and development aid comprised more than two-thirds of all biodiversity-related assistance. Biodiversity aid generally was directed to biodiversity-rich, well-governed countries, but countries able to exert greater political leverage secured more linked aid than aid targeted to conservation without a stated development objective.
Comparison Of Fiber Optic And Space Feed For Large Aperture Phased Array Antennas

Two technologies which are potential candidates for distributing control and intelligence information in large phased array antennas, are space feeding and fiber optic corporate feeding. A comparison of the two technologies is presented in both qualitative and quantitative form. The comparison is embodied in the hypothetical cases of a V-band and an L-band spaceborne imaging radar. Size, weight, power and performance impacts of the two feeding methods are contrasted.
Intelligent design and mathematical statistics: a troubled alliance

The explanatory filter is a proposed method to detect design in nature with the aim of refuting Darwinian evolution. The explanatory filter borrows its logical structure from the theory of statistical hypothesis testing but we argue that, when viewed within this context, the filter runs into serious trouble in any interesting biological application. Although the explanatory filter has been extensively criticized from many angles, we present the first rigorous criticism based on the theory of mathematical statistics.
Diurnal differences in opioid peptide levels correlated with nociceptive sensitivity

Abstract An increase in whole mouse brain total opioid levels, determined by mouse was deferens bioassay, was observed in mice sacrified in late afternoon (when they are least responsive to pain) compared to early morning (when they are most responsive to pain). There were no comparable increases in levels of met5- or leu5- enkephalin measured by RIA methodology. There were differences, however, in the effects of noxious stimuli on met5-enkephalin levels in the efternoon compared to the morning. In the afternoon, but not in the morning, the levels of met5-enkephalin in mice tested after hot plate stress were significantly increased compared to those of unstressed animals. Thus, there appears to be some correlation between activity in endogenous opioid systems and the ability of mice to withstand noxious stimuli.
Tandem Synthesis of β-Amino Alcohols from Aniline, Dialkyl Carbonate, and Ethylene Glycol

An efficient tandem route for selective synthesis of β-amino alcohols from anilines, dialkyl carbonate and ethylene glycol in the presence of recyclable Na−Y zeolite has been demonstrated. Transesterification of dialkyl carbonate by ethylene glycol produce ethylene carbonate which further reacts with aniline to give β-amino alcohols in a single step. This reaction system was studied under high-pressure as well as pot reaction condition. Various process parametric effects were investigated for the reaction of aniline, dialkyl carbonate, and ethylene glycol. It was observed that a maximum 51% yield of mono-β-amino alcohol, i.e., N-phenylethanolamine (NPEA). is obtained under pressure conditions. The yield of NPEA was improved drastically (>91%) by carrying out the reaction under pot conditions using diethyl carbonate as transesterification agent. Finally activity and selectivity of solid catalyst was explained on the basis of nature of active sites and pore structure of the catalyst.
The share flight experiment - An advanced heat pipe radiator for Space Station

This paper reports on the design and thermal vacuum certification testing of the Space Station Heat Pipe Advanced Radiator Element (SHARE) Shuttle flight experiment, with primary emphasis on the heat pipe radiator system. The main objective of the SHARE experiment is to demonstrate suitable 0 g heat transfer performance of a 50 ft-long high-capacity monogroove heat pipe radiator element being developed for possible Space Station application. All of the flight certification tests were achieved, including a maximum heat rejection of 2 kW and thawing of a frozen heat pipe; and uninterrupted operation under cycling environmental and evaporator heat loads.
Atrial fibrillation, silent cerebral ischemia, and cognitive function.

In this issue of the Journal , Gaita et al. [(1)][1] report findings from 270 patients, of whom 180 had atrial fibrillation and 90 with similar demographic and clinical characteristics did not have atrial fibrillation. All were free of clinical stroke at the time of the study, and all underwent
THE CONTRIBUTION OF ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS IN THE SUCCESS OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT COMMERCE

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to identify factors which affect the success of electronic commerce applications in federal agencies and to explore the role of transformational leadership and strategic planning for Web sites in the success of electronic commerce applications designed to serve citizens. Based on the literature review relative to electronic government commerce, the research model in this study postulates that transformational leadership, strategic planning for Web sites and other factors such as the size and complexity of the Web site influence the success of electronic commerce applications in federal agencies. The success of electronic commerce applications is the dependent variable and is measured by a combination of user-based criteria and system-based criteria. This research employed a combination of an online questionnaire survey and a Web structural survey. Questionnaires were electronically mailed to IT managers and/or users who have e-mail addresses at federal agencies. The r...
Terminal Late Woodland Mortuary Ceremonialism, Social Differentiation, and Long Distance Interaction in Northern Ohio: New Evidence from the Danbury Site

AbstractThe period from A.D. 800 to 1200 was a time of marked cultural transitions across the Midwest which featured the Mississippian emergence in the west and development of sedentary, tribal societies to the north and east. Recent salvage excavations at the Danbury site, a terminal Late Woodland habitation and cemetery in northwestern Ohio, document the intensified exploitation and storage of aquatic faunal resources and maize and the creation of a large corporate cemetery. Whelk shell ornaments accompanying certain burials point to long-distance interaction with southeastern societies as well as new forms of social differentiation. Preserved fibers of cotton (Gossypium spp.) in the dental calculus of several important individuals reveal previously unrecognized social or economic linkages with societies as distant as the Southwest or northern Mexico. The combined evidence for subsistence intensification, specialized mortuary treatments, and long-distance material exchange at Danbury represent unique lo...
Polymers with Internal Length and Displacement Constraints: Bounds and Exact Expressions for Free Energies

Internal distance constraints in polymers often have a characteristic offset distance between the constrained monomers. This paper introduces a new kind of such constraint, the displacement constraint, which has particularly simple properties. The displacement constraint has both a characteristic offset distance and a characteristic offset direction. A simple, exact expression for the free energy of an ideal polymer with displacement constraints is derived. This expression is used to obtain bounds on the free energy of an ideal polymer with the more usual length constraints, which have a characteristic offset length but no characteristic direction. The form of these results suggest that the offset length can make an important contribution to the free energy if the offset distance is not negligible in comparison to the chemical distance between constrained monomers.
Carbon- and silicon-capped silicon carbide nanotubes: An ab initio study

Abstract A systematic study of fullerene hemisphere capped finite SiC nanotubes is presented. The tubes are spin optimized using the hybrid functional B3LYP (Beckeʼs three-parameter exchange and the Lee–Yang–Parr correlation functionals) and an all electron 3-21G⁎ basis. Capping of a SiC nanotube changes cohesive energy, HOMO–LUMO gap and other electronic and geometric properties of a SiC nanotube. Also, the carbon-capped SiC nanotubes are energetically preferable compared to silicon-capped tubes. For example, the binding energy per atom for hydrogen-terminated “infinite” SiC nanotube ( 5 , 5 ) having five unit cells is 4.993 eV, the corresponding numbers being 5.989 eV and 4.812 eV for C-capped and Si-capped nanotubes, respectively.
Social Disorganization and Residential Locations of Registered Sex Offenders: Is This a Collateral Consequence?

Guided by social disorganization theory, this research assesses the characteristics of neighborhoods where registered sex offenders (RSOs) reside. Drawing on data from 1,504 RSOs in 4 urban counties analysis compares both census tracts with any RSOs and high concentrations of RSOs with the counties containing these census tracts. Findings show that RSOs are likely to live in areas with greater social disorganization than their containing counties and the nation as a whole. Census tracts with high concentrations of RSOs show the most social disorganization. Results also suggest that RSOs are relegated to such locations rather than living there by choice.
The Role of Black Carbon in Influencing Availability of PAHs in Sediments

ABSTRACT In addition to natural organic matter, sediment organic carbon also comprises black carbon particles such as coke, charcoal, and soot, which are known to have extremely high sorption capacities. Industrial processes such as manufactured gas plant operations that released PAHs into soils and sediments also produced and released black carbon such as coke and soot, which alters the binding behavior of the organic carbon matrix in the geosorbents. Elevated PAH partitioning observed in sediment samples can be explained based on the black carbon content and known high PAH sorption capacity of black carbon. The sorption of PAHs to black carbon in sediments may also affect in situ bioavailability of PAHs. The application of black carbon availability models to describe PAH partitioning in sediments requires: (1) the correct understanding of the type of organic carbon responsible for PAH binding in sediments, and (2) accurate description of the partitioning characteristics of the different organic carbon p...
Economics of indoor climate control

Of the many combinations of heating and air conditioning systems available, only a very few are capable of providing both heating and cooling throughout the year, at the tenant's discretion. The tenant of an office building, to be comfortably satisfied, must have a pleasant environmental temperature in which to work, provided by a system that is versatile and easy to control. One of the most promising of these is all-electric, completely decentralized, and economical.
Traditional export demand relation and parameter instability: An empirical investigation

Applies new tests for parameter instability in cointegrated models to evaluate the traditional export demand function. The determinants of exports considered are world real income, export price and competitors’ export price. The data for Singapore (a newly industrializing economy), from 1973‐1997, are used as a case study. Results suggest that Singapore does not satisfy the conditions of a small, price‐taking country in world trade. Irrespective of whether one normalizes export demand function by price or quantity, the state of external demand appears to be a key ingredient in Singapore’s export growth. This finding differs markedly from Riedel’s evidence. It is found that the estimation of Singapore’s export demand model requires the inclusion of some dummy variables in order to achieve not only cointegration but also long‐run parameter stability. However, once the structural breaks are accounted for, a stable relation is found, which resists a series of specification tests.
Psychological and environmental determinants of relapse in crack cocaine smokers

The paper reviews approaches to relapse in the treatment of cocaine abusers. Approaches reveal a common mechanism underlying relapse that involves drug craving, recall of euphoria, environmental cues, denial, myths of being able to sell or use drugs, and painful affect states necessitating use of a multifaceted clinical technique. Empirical validation of a common mechanism underlying relapse establishes a typology of psychological and environmental determinants of relapse for crack cocaine smokers (N = 35) who relapse after hospital detoxification and return a second time. Major findings are that relapse follows a painful emotional state (40%), failure to enter arranged aftercare treatment (37%), or encounters with conditioned environmental stimuli (34%), and involves narcissistic psychopathology and denial (28.5%) and interpersonal stress (24%); 85.7% involve multideterminants. Case examples illustrate the role of multideterminants in relapse. The paper educates clinicians to the integrated theory and multifaceted clinical technique necessary for efficacious treatment of cocaine patients, while the typology predicts probable relapse situations.
I-O Psychology: We Have the Evidence; We Just Don't Use It (or Care To)

EDUARDO SALASUniversity of Central FloridaBriner and Rousseau (2011) raise animportant point in questioning the degree towhich the industrial–organizational (I–O)profession is truly evidence based. Inresponse, what we suggest is twofold:ﬁrst, there are areas of I–O psychologyin which we have made strides in theuse of evidence in science and practicedespite the odds, and second, that to trulyincrease the evidence-based nature of I–Opsychology as a whole, we must focuson the root of the problem: the lack ofan educational and professional foundationthat promotes a synergy between scienceand practice.We Are There, to Some ExtentBriner and Rousseau make the argumentthat the I–O psychology profession is lack-ing in problem-focused systematic reviewsthat address speciﬁc questions with prac-tical application in mind. We answer thatthe literature consists of a number of meta-analyses that do just that. For example,one such practice-relevant topic that hasbeen addressed in the meta-analytic litera-ture is organizational productivity. Guzzo,Jette, and Katzell (1985) conducted ameta-analysis speciﬁcally examining the
Habitat Selection by Cerulean Warblers in Eastern Kentucky

Abstract We examined habitat characteristics associated with Cerulean Warblers (Dendroica cerulea) in breeding areas on the Cumberland Plateau in eastern Kentucky. Cerulean Warbler distribution was examined in 2004 within a large forest stand and no differences were found between occupied and unoccupied areas. We examined differences between preferred song perches and random points in 2005, and identified three potentially important predictors of Cerulean Warbler habitat: large diameter trees, east-facing aspect, and high shrub cover. Cerulean Warbler habitat selection on the Cumberland Plateau appears to be similar to other well-studied portions of the breeding range. Conservation and management efforts directed toward establishing and protecting large tracts of mature forest, especially those on east-facing slopes, should be a reasonable approach to managing Cerulean Warbler populations in this area.
An approach to integrating and creating flexible software environments supporting the design of complex systems

In research on VEHICLES, a conceptual design environment for space systems, an approach is being developed for flexibility and integration based on the collection and then processing of explicit qualitative descriptions of all the software resources in the environment. The detailed descriptions (or metaknowledge) of the resources are used by the system to help partially automate the combination, selection, and adaptation of tools and models to the particular requirements of the user and the type of problem being solved. The author examines the types of flexibilities and integrative processes necessary to a design environment, especially the services available in an environment to help the user select, integrate, adapt, and explain the software resources in that environment (intelligent user support functions); the author's approach to providing these services by the processing of explicit descriptions of the software resources (wrapping); and VSIM, a simulation built to study the nature of the wrappings, wrapping processors, and different software architectures. >
Asymptomatic cerebral embolization in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation - Can it be avoided?

Cerebral embolization in invasive cardiovascular procedures is a known problem that has seen some revived attention over the past several months. In interventional electrophysiology, left atrial ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly performed procedure that is known to be associated with this. Fortunately, the incidence of clinically manifest transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accidents in AF ablation is low. 1 The issue of asymptomatic cerebral emboli (ACE) remains of significant concern, with magnetic resonance imaging studies showing a substantial burden of acutely asymptomatic brain lesions. 2 The long-term impact of silent brain emboli remains unknown, but it is suspected to contribute to subtle neurological and cognitive decline, and possibly to dementia at a later stage. 3 The mechanism of embolization in catheter ablation procedures is not well understood and could be multifactorial. Possible contributing factors include air embolization during transseptal puncture and introduction of catheters; the embolization of thrombus material that is either preexisting (and undetected by preprocedure imaging) and dislodged by catheter manipulation or forming de novo, while the sheaths and catheters are in the left atrium or from tissue injury and blood coagulum caused by heating or freezing in the case of cryoablation. Modifiable factors among those include (1) ensuring proper sheath and catheter exchange techniques and adequate intraprocedural anticoagulation, reducing the time catheters and sheaths spend in the left atrium and (2) reducing the amount of lesions and procedure time. The advantage of circular ablation is in the reduction of procedure and ablation time by covering a larger area and the creation of contiguous ablation lesions in the pulmonary vein antra.
ON THE CUSP OF A MOVEMENT: IDENTITY WORK AND SOCIAL MOVEMENT IDENTIFICATION PROCESSES WITHIN FATHERS' RIGHTS GROUPS

Individuals who belong to social movement organizations (SMOs) do not necessarily identify themselves with the larger social movement overall. This sharp disconnect presents challenges to highly motivated activists, who rely on widespread movement identification to achieve their most valued goals in the political arena. This study aims to map out the conditions under which the movement identification process takes place. A mixed methods approach employs both content analysis and logit modeling techniques on original data collected from 149 members of fathers' rights groups located across the United States in 2003. In terms of results, first, the content analysis methods that are used on the interview data illustrate that SMO participants most commonly cite the social movement's formulation of a strong, social change goal when they consider the movement identification decision. Second, the logit models which are employed on the quantitative data show that engagement in externally-oriented identity work act...
Look ma, no email!: blogs and IRC as primary and preferred communication tools in a distributed firm

Email has been the primary communication medium in organizations for decades and despite studies that demonstrate its obvious disadvantages, the prevailing thinking is that email is irreplaceable. In this paper I challenge that view through a field study of a distributed firm that is highly successful in developing and delivering products without regular use of email in the workplace. Group blogging and IRC were the primary tools used and they allowed improved coordination and knowledge sharing compared to email. This paper contributes to scant literature in CSCW on firm-level technology use.
Resource distribution, female home range dispersion and male spatial interactions: group structure in a solitary carnivore

We monitored 74 (41 male, 33 female) radiocollared raccoons (Procyon lotor) from February 1990 to July 1992 on the Welder Wildlife Refuge, Texas, to relate male and female space use to each other and to the spatial distribution of water, a critical resource for raccoons. Female home ranges were spatially aggregated early in the study, when standing water occurred in only a few, widely separated patches on the study site, but were randomly distributed during seasons when water was more widely distributed. Adult females generally foraged and rested independently of other adults. Most adult males were arranged in spatial groups whose home ranges overlapped little with those of adjacent groups. These groups were usually composed of three to four individuals; Doncaster's (1990,J. theor. Biol.,143, 431–443) test for dynamic interaction and visual observations showed that group members tended to associate positively during resting and foraging activities in all seasons. Among raccoons, as among many other mammals, female spatial patterns are apparently determined primarily by resource distribution, whereas male patterns are influenced by the distribution of females.
Do Voluntary Biotechnology Labels Matter to the Consumer? Evidence from the Fluid Milk Market

This article examines the effects on the demand of voluntary labeling for the use of genetically modified growth hormone for retail fluid milk using supermarket scanner data. Retail fluid milk tracks one of the first biotechnology products approved, is fairly standardized and ubiquitous, and allows for cross-sectional differentiation between labeled and unlabeled products and between conventional and organic brands. The results indicate that voluntary labeling increases the demand for recombinant bovine growth hormone free milk. In addition, the estimated effects of labeling appear to have increased over time. Innovations through biotechnology enable agricultural producers to reduce production costs and/or enhance product quality for many livestock and crop commodities. At the same time, however, these innovations may affect the demand for the products that utilize those commodities. Many individuals, for example, are concerned about potential risks to human health although by no means all consumers have such concerns (Burton, Metcalfe, and Smith; Heiman, Just, and Zilberman). The use of the recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH) in milk production has been a particular concern for some consumers as approximately one-third of the United States’ dairy herd, about 3 million dairy cows, currently receive rBGH supplements (Monsanto). Product labeling, particularly with respect to the provision of health and environmental information, is increasingly being used to provide information about product characteristics such as biotechnology content that
Radioenzymatic Assay for Direct Measurement of Plasma Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate

A radioenzymatic assay for measurement of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is described, based on the incubation of L-[3H]tyrosine (10(6) cpm, spec. acty. 1.88 Ci/mol) in the presence of the apoenzyme tyrosine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.25) from Streptococcus faecalis and PLP in phosphate buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH 5.5) at 37 degrees C for 60 min. The decarboxylated metabolite formed, [3H]tyramine, was selectively extracted into ethyl acetate, and the tritium radioactivity in the sample was determined by liquid scintillation counting. As little as 0.5 nmol of PLP can be detected per liter. The assay is specific, no cross reactivity having been noted for several compounds closely related to PLP. With this we could directly measure the concentrations of PLP in plasma without prior deproteinization and ether washing of the samples. Using the assay to determine plasma concentrations of PLP in healthy adult populations, we found results that were comparable with previously reported data.
Urban Activism in a Downsizing World: Neighborhood Organizing in Postindustrial Chicago

In this article, I examine the origins and development of the National Training and Information Center (NTIC) in Chicago as part of a broader neighborhood organizing movement. I am particularly int...
Cediranib for Metastatic Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma

Purpose Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare, highly vascular tumor, for which no effective standard systemic treatment exists for patients with unresectable disease. Cediranib is a potent, oral small-molecule inhibitor of all three vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs). Patients and Methods We conducted a phase II trial of once-daily cediranib (30 mg) given in 28-day cycles for patients with metastatic, unresectable ASPS to determine the objective response rate (ORR). We also compared gene expression profiles in pre- and post-treatment tumor biopsies and evaluated the effect of cediranib on tumor proliferation and angiogenesis using positron emission tomography and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Results Of 46 patients enrolled, 43 were evaluable for response at the time of analysis. The ORR was 35%, with 15 of 43 patients achieving a partial response. Twenty-six patients (60%) had stable disease as the best response, with a disease control rate (partial respo...
Cellulose hydrolysis in evolving substrate morphologies II: Numerical results and analysis

Numerical simulation results are presented for a cellulose hydrolysis model which incorporates both the enzymatic glucan chain fragmentation kinetics and the hydrolytic substrate morphology evolution within the general framework of our companion article I. To test the local Poisson (LP) approximation employed in the site number formalism of I, we numerically compare it to the corresponding exact chain number formalism of I. The LP results agree to very high accuracy with the exact chain number kinetics, assuming realistic parameters. From simulations of different types of random and non-random model morphologies, we then show that the details of the random substrate morphology distribution, and its hydrolytic time evolution, profoundly affect the hydrolysis kinetics. Essential, likely very general, experimentally testable features of such morphology-based hydrolysis models are (i) the existence of two distinct time scales, associated with the hydrolysis of the outermost surface-exposed cellulose chains and, respectively, of the entire substrate; (ii) a strongly morphology-dependent hydrolysis slow-down effect, which has also been observed in previous experimental work. Our results also suggest that previously proposed non-morphologic chain fragmentation models can only be applied to describe the hydrolytic short-time behavior in the low enzyme limit. Further experiments to test our modeling framework and its potential applications to the optimization of the hydrolytic conversion process are discussed.
Detecting flaws in buried pipes under rough surface using the natural frequency technique

It is an industrial requirement that material carrying pipes be frequently maintained. Several noninvasive techniques were developed such as trained dogs that sniff or listen to leaks, a laser controlled camera inside a pipe or X-ray tubes to photograph the pipes [1]. Yet, ground penetrating radars, GPRs, have shown the best efficiency. Several techniques were used to process the GPR profiles in order to extract features that characterize the media such as back propagating neural networks [2] that identify hyperbolic effects of buried pipes.
Dual diode-Vth reduced power gating structure for better leakage reduction

Leakage has become one of the most dominant factors of power management and signal integrity of nanometer scale integrated circuits. Recently, power gating structures has proven to be effective in controlling leakage. In this paper an alternative dual diode-Vth reduced power gating structure is proposed for better reduction of leakage currents, especially for low-power, high-performance portable devices. The proposed technique maintains an intermediate power saving state as well as the conventional power cut-off state. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed technique can significantly reduce leakage current and associated power consumptions during the HOLD and CUT-OFF power saving modes. It has also been demonstrated that the proposed technique significantly reduces ground bounce due to power mode transition.
Maternal mental health: program and policy implications

Despite increasing evidence of the seriousness of maternal depression, the number of individuals affected, and the impact of maternal depression on infant growth and development, maternal mental health has not become a component of the primary health care system in many parts of the world. The impact appears to be greatest in South Asia, possibly among low-income families. Some interventions, such as increases in social support or the education of mothers about responsive caregiving, appear to be effective in reducing maternal distress. However, we do not yet have recognized, effective, and scalable strategies to treat maternal depression or reduce the more common maternal distress. Efforts are needed to increase the availability of programs for maternal mental health and to develop simple interventions to reduce maternal distress that can be used by primary health care providers. Second, efforts are needed to develop policies that include maternal mental health. These efforts should build on research and on international conventions and statements, such as the recent United Nations Fund for Population Activities/World Health Organization recommendation for a comprehensive approach to preventing and treating maternal depression.
Life after Newton: an ecological metaphysic.

Abstract Ecology may indeed be ‘deep’, as some have maintained, but perhaps much of the mystery surrounding it owes more simply to the dissonance between ecological notions and the fundamentals of the modern synthesis. Comparison of the axioms supporting the Newtonian world view with those underlying the organicist and stochastic metaphors that motivate much of ecosystems science reveals strong disagreements—especially regarding the nature of the causes of events and the scalar domains over which these causes can operate. The late Karl Popper held that the causal closure forced by our mechanical perspective on nature frustrates our attempts to achieve an ‘evolutionary theory of knowledge.’ He suggested that the Newtonian concept of ‘force’ must be generalized to encompass the contingencies that arise in evolutionary processes. His reformulation of force as ‘propensity’ leads quite naturally to a generalization of Newton’s laws for ecology. The revised tenets appear, however, to exhibit more scope and allow for change to arise from within a system. Although Newton’s laws survive (albeit in altered form) within a coalescing ecological metaphysic, the axioms that Enlightenment thinkers appended to Newton’s work seem ill-suited for ecology and perhaps should yield to a new and coherent set of assumptions on how to view the processes of nature.
Fast Deformable Registration on the GPU: A CUDA Implementation of Demons

In the medical imaging field, we need fast deformable registration methods especially in intra-operative settings characterized by their time-critical applications. Image registration studies which are based on graphics processing units (GPUs) provide fast implementations. However, only a small number of these GPU-based studies concentrate on deformable registration. We implemented Demons, a widely used deformable image registration algorithm, on NVIDIApsilas Quadro FX 5600 GPU with the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) programming environment. Using our code, we registered 3D CT lung images of patients. Our results show that we achieved the fastest runtime among the available GPU-based Demons implementations. Additionally, regardless of the given dataset size, we provided a factor of 55 speedup over an optimized CPU-based implementation. Hence, this study addresses the need for on-line deformable registration methods in intra-operative settings by providing the fastest and most scalable Demons implementation available to date. In addition, it provides an implementation of a deformable registration algorithm on a GPU, an understudied type of registration in the general-purpose computation on graphics processors (GPGPU) community.
Combined use of aprotinin and a heparin-bonded cardiopulmonary bypass system for aortic aneurysm repair

S URGICAL repair of an ascending aortic aneurysm involving the aortic root presents a challenge for the surgeon, anesthesiologist, and perfusionist. Hemorrhage is an important indicator for mortality after repair of annuloaortic ectasia, l?and when a patient refuses all blood products, complications of hemorrhage would likely increase the risks. Hemorrhage during repair of aortic root aneurysm can be caused by the surgical anastomoses, systemic heparinizatlon, exposure to the cardlopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit, or the prosthetic graft itself) The impairment in hemostasls associated with CPB remains unclear but hkely involves a combination of a reduction m platelet adhesiveness, complement achvation, kaltikrein/ klnin activation, a sUmulation of the fibrinolytic system, and dilution. 4 Aprotmin, a serine protease inhibitor, has been shown to preserve platelet adhesive receptors (Gplb), inhabit contact activation of the kallikrein system, and inhibit plasmin-lnduced fibrmolysIs. When used in conjunction with heparln, aprotinin prevents thrombln formation through inhibmon of the intrinsic clotting cascade. 5 The effectiveness of aprotmin in reducing perloperative blood loss and amount of transfused blood products during cardiac surgery has been demonstrated. T M The combinanon of heparin-bonded perfusion systems and reduced systemic heparinlzation for CPB has been reported 12-i4 Reported advantages of heparin-bonded perfusion systems include reduced actwation of the complement and coagulation systems and improved platelet function caused by the Improved blocompatibility of a heparin-bonded material, both leading to reduced penoperatlve bleeding. 13-16 A drawback in the use of a heparinbonded system is that because of the continuous air-toblood interface associated with roller pump suction, shed mediastlnal blood and vented blood must be returned to a cell-saving device for washing instead of directly into the CPB circuit. In cases involving extensive suctlonmng and venting and excessive surgical bleeding, washing and autotransfusion of suctioned blood may result in a tremendous loss of plasma and platelets, negating the benefits of reduced systemic heparinlzation. Because of this patient's religious behefs, and the nature of her disease process, a heparin-bonded perfusion system for CPB was used in conjunction with full systemic heparinlzatlon and aprotinln administration.
New transnational geographies of Islamism, capitalism and subjectivity: the veiling‐fashion industry in Turkey

The rise of the transnational veiling-fashion industry in Turkey has taken place within the context of neoliberal economic restructuring, the subjection of the veil to new regulations, and the resurgence of Islamic identities worldwide. Even after almost two decades since its first catwalk appearance, the idea of ‘veiling-fashion’ continues to be controversial, drawing criticism from secular and devout Muslim segments of society alike. Analysing veiling-fashion as it plays out across economic, political and cultural fields is to enter into a new understanding of the role of Islam in the global arena today. Veiling-fashion crystallises a series of issues about Islamic identity, the transnational linkages of both producers and consumers, and the shifting boundaries between Islamic ethics and the imperatives of neoliberal capitalism. In this paper, our overarching argument is that controversies and practices surrounding veiling-fashion show how Islamic actors are adapting and transforming neoliberal capitalism at the same time as they navigate a complex geopolitical terrain in which Islam ‐ and the iconic Muslim, headscarf-wearing woman ‐ has been cast as a threatening ‘Other’. Thus the rise of veiling-fashion as a transnational phenomenon positions women and women’s bodies at the centre of political debates and struggles surrounding what it means to be ‘modern’ and Muslim today. Based on interviews with producers, consumers and salesclerks, and our analysis of newspaper articles, catalogues and web sites, this article traces out how the transnational production, sale and consumption of veiling-fashion works to order spaces of geopolitics, geo-economics and subject formation.
Disability and the Media

Riley, C. R., II. (2005). Disability and the media: Prescriptions for change. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England. 258 pages. This book is an excellent treatment of a topic that, though gi...
Female Masculinity and Strategies of Resistance in Daniel Caspar von Lohenstein’s Epicharis and Cleopatra

This article sheds new light on the work of the seventeenth-century playwright Daniel Caspar von Lohenstein by employing the theory of female masculinity to examine strategies of resistance in Epicharis and Cleopatra. I argue that a thread of discontent and resistance towards the Habsburg Empire permeates these dramas. The strategies of resistance, however, take different forms, corresponding to the socio-historical realities facing Breslau at the time of the works’ publications. In Epicharis the resistance is overt and through the performance of female masculinity Epicharis assumes a political position of power as the text’s embodiment of republican ideals. In Cleopatra resistance takes a more covert form and through the performance of a hybrid gender, Cleopatra is able to pave a path of resistance that relies on her identification with both masculinity and femininity. Ultimately my interpretation suggests that changes to dominant norms are possible and thinkable in the context of evolving political climates.
How nontraditional model systems can save us

In this essay I would like to highlight how work in nontraditional model systems is an imperative for our society to prepare for problems we do not even know exist. I present examples of how discovery in nontraditional systems has been critical for fundamental advancement in cell biology. I also discuss how as a collective we might harvest both new questions and new solutions to old problems from the underexplored reservoir of diversity in the biosphere. With advancements in genomics, proteomics, and genome editing, it is now technically feasible for even a single research group to introduce a new model system. I aim here to inspire people to think beyond their familiar model systems and to press funding agencies to support the establishment of new model systems.
Correlation of Extent of Tuberculosis with Amount of Polysaccharide in the Serum.

An intensive study has been made in recent years of tuberculous sera, with the objective of detecting the presence of antigen, antibody or any substance which may be characteristic of the disease. The primary approach has been based upon observation of the electrophoretic diagrams of sera by means of the Tiselius technic.It was shown1 that during the development of tuberculosis in the rabbit the beta globulin fraction increased in proportion to the extent of the disease. In the human being, on the other hand, the consistent change1 was a progressive increase in the gamma globulin. Increases in alpha and beta globulin fractions also frequently occurred but not with the same degree of regularity as was the case with the gamma globulin.An explanation of the cause of the rise in any of these components would be of value in the understanding of the disease. The possibility of the presence of antibodies immediately presents itself in connection with the rise in the gamma globulin, especially in view of the fact...
Erythroblastosis fetalis, an obstetric responsibility.

The obstetrician s responsibility in the diagnosis and management of erythroblastosis fetalis includes the detection of mothers likely to become sensitized or already sensitized by fetal-maternal blood-group incompatibility, evaluation of the seriousness of the problem in each sensitized mother under his care, formal consultation with the physician who will care for the newborn infant, selection of suitable blood donors prior to delivery, and delivery at a time most favorable for the infant. The obstetrician must be aware of his responsibility in the immediate care of the erythroblastotic infant.
The Characteristics of Displayed Cultural Relics in Foshan Ancestral Temple

This paper mainly introduces the different kinds and characteristics of cultural relics during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and Modern Times in Foshan Ancestral Temple.The characteristics of displaying cultural relics in accordance with the different patterns of ancient buildings prove to be a necessary topic to discuss academically.