cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DNA Methylation Biomarkers in Asthma and Allergy

The role of epigenetic processes, primarily DNA methylation, in allergic disease susceptibility and severity is actively explored because of the inability of genetic factors to explain more than a small proportion of the variance in disease phenotype and the functional link among epigenetic mechanisms, environmental exposures, and developmental programs. To date, a number of genome-wide and candidate-gene DNA methylation studies have been performed in populations with asthma, allergic rhinitis, or atopic dermatitis, focusing not only on peripheral blood but also on airway tissue and lesional skin. Differential DNA methylation was detected at biologically plausible loci, but these initial studies should be considered exploratory because of potential issues with population design, size, and phenotypic heterogeneity. Studies leveraging DNA methylation data as clinical biomarkers are also beginning. Future work in longitudinal mother–child birth cohorts will likely highlight the contribution that methylome screens can give to the clinical management of allergic disease and unveil the role played by epigenetic mechanisms in allergic disease pathogenesis.
Mass spectrometry for the study of autism and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Mass spectrometry (MS) has been increasingly used to study central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The first studies of ASD using MS focused on the identification of external toxins, but current research is more directed at understanding endogenous protein changes that occur in ASD (ASD proteomics). This chapter focuses on how MS has been used to study ASDs, with particular focus on proteomic analysis. Other neurodevelopmental disorders have been investigated using this technique, including genetic syndromes associated with autism such as fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS).
Rolling Out 5G: Use Cases, Applications, and Technology Solutions

Rolling Out 5G: Use Cases, Applications, and Technology Solutions describes insufficiencies and challenges of 4G in the light of impending and crucial future communication needs, details lessons learned from an implementation and system operation background, and illustrates the way towards the next generation 5G. Key changes and additions to 5G in terms of use cases, applications for and explorations of the technology are discussed. Among all of the technological disruptions, two stand out in particular mmWave and spectrum sharing technologies. This book features detailed coverage of these two critical topics, and for the first time among 5G learning resources presents a holistic perspective on key ingredients for mobile communication in a 5G world. The authors represent highly experienced experts with valuable know-how in the field of wireless communications related research projects defining future technological trends. This unique group of talents will be able to consider the 5G technology evolution from all angles mentioned: long-term research, standardization and regulation, product design and marketization. This approach allows this much-needed book to capture the views of all key decision making stake-holders involved in the 5G definition process, and to serve readers in their roles connected with wireless communication's next generation of prroducts and services.
Erratum to: The raspberry model for protein-like particles: Ellipsoids and confinement in cylindrical pores

Author(s): Ustach, VD; Faller, R | Abstract: The supplementary material, in the form of one pdf file, is available from the journal web page at http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2016-02676-9 The Publishers regret this mistake and apologize for any inconvenience caused.
Pediatric Scrotal Pathology

The purpose of this article is to review the approach to pediatric patients with scrotal pathology and the associated causes including inguinal hernia, cryptorchidism, hydrocele, varicocele, testicular torsion, trauma, and tumors. The reader will understand the diagnostic and treatment options and need for urgent surgical referral. Research has demonstrated the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic hernia repair in pediatric patients. Studies have failed to clarify the optimal timing of neonatal hernia repair and indications for bilateral exploration. Current clinical practice guidelines for cryptorchidism recommend surgical referral by 6 months of age and discourage the use of ultrasound. Most scrotal complaints are managed with low morbidity and preservation of fertility. Scrotal complaints of pain, swelling, bulging, and masses are common in pediatric patients. Management should be done in conjunction with a pediatric surgeon or urologist. Research is required to facilitate practice guidelines for scrotal pathology and address the practice variation that still exists.
Exploring the experiential and sociodemographic drivers of satisfaction and loyalty in the theme park context

Abstract This study attempts to identify the drivers of satisfaction and loyalty in the context of theme parks. Drivers examined included Schmitt's (1999, 2003) experiential consumption dimensions of SENSE, FEEL, THINK, RELATE, and ACT, sociodemographic characteristics, and past visit behavior. Data were gathered from an online survey of 371 US residents who had visited at least one theme park in the previous 12 months. Results show that overnight visitors who experienced the FEEL dimension of experiential consumption and perceived their visit as a good value for money were more likely to be satisfied with their visit than those who felt otherwise. In addition, visitors’ overnight stay at the theme park's destination, their number of past visits, and their FEEL experience were the primary drivers of their likelihood to return (loyalty). Theoretical, managerial and methodological implications regarding visitor experience in theme parks are discussed.
Making Connections: A Typological Theory on Enterprise Architecture Features and Organizational Outcomes.

Enterprise Architecture (EA) is an important concept, promising various benefits such as reducing redundancy in IT investments, aligning IT strategy and business strategy, and enhancing communication between IT specialists and business leaders. Experts suggest that the more mature an organization’s EA, the greater benefit the organization will achieve. However, because EA is a conceptual innovation, organizations have more flexibility in implementing EA. Thus, it is possible that the expected outcomes from implementing EA depend not only on how well EA is implemented, but also on the kinds of EA that are implemented (i.e., EA features). In this preliminary study, we propose a typological theory that links EA features with organizational outcomes. We analyze five popular branded EA frameworks to identify the types of EA features and frameworks that are connected to specified outcomes. Several hypotheses are presented, and future research is needed to further connect EA features to organizational outcomes.
Addressing the Peak Power Problem Through Thermal Energy Storage

In the United States, the electrical power grid is divided into three primary regions: the Western Interconnection, the Eastern Interconnection, and the Texas Interconnection. Each of these regions struggles with peak power issues, but this case study will focus on the Texas Interconnection, which is operated by the Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT).This chapter discusses the opportunity to shift one of the largest electricity loads (air-conditioning) from the expensive aftrenoon peak to the cheaper nighttime hours using Thermal Energy Storage (TES), which is used for storing “cooling” in the form of chilled wate, and outlines a model for finding an optimal design for it.
Abstract 2586: Tricuspid Valve Repair During Left Ventricular Assist Device Insertion

Purpose Right ventricular (RV) failure is associated with significant post-operative morbidity and mortality after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) insertion. Concomitant tricuspid valve repair (TVR) in the setting of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is frequently performed to improve RV function after LVAD insertion. This study compared outcomes of patients with TR after LVAD insertion with and without TVR. Methods This was a retrospective case control study of 70 patients with matched degrees of TR undergoing LVAD implantation from 2000 to 2006 (Heartmate1, Heartmate2, DeBakey MicroMed). The TVR group consisted of patients undergoing LVAD insertion with TVR (n=24). The control group consisted of patients undergoing LVAD insertion without TVR (n=46). TR was quantified as 0 (none) to 4+ (severe) on echocardiography preoperatively and postoperatively. RV dysfunction score was defined as 0 (none), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), or 3 (severe) on echocardiography. Postoperative clinical parameters, complications, and outcomes were evaluated. Results The TVR group and control group were similar in age (55y±15 vs 53y±12 respectively), gender distribution (18/24 male vs 42/46 male), ejection fraction (16%±5 vs 16%±6), LVAD score (preoperative measure of risk assessment 0–10), TR, mean PAP, CVP, and peak RV systolic pressure. In the TVR group, TR decreased from 2.0±0.8 to 0.7±0.5 post-operatively (p Conclusion Patients with TR requiring LVAD insertion had no improved survival when TVR was performed simultaneously. Bypass time was prolonged when TVR was performed. Patient groups with and without TVR had similar decreases in TR and improvement in RV dysfunction. Incidence of ARF was lower in the TVR group.
Studies of the Mechanism of Prevention of Immunologic Deficiency in Suckling Dwarf Mice

The pituitary dwarf mouse has been used as a model of study of immunologic deficiency disease. Endocrinological studies (l) of dwarf mice of the Snell-Bagg strain have demonstrated absence of pituitary acidophils, lack of growth hormone and decreased thyrotropic hormone and prolactin. Although the autosomal recessive dwarf mutant is infertile the gonadotrophins appear to be within normal ranges. Baroni first demonstrated immunologic deficiency of the Snell-Bagg dwarf mouse with decreased antibody response to sheep erythrocytes, lymphopenia, and early death with symptoms of wasting and extensive involution of lymphoid tissue (2, 3). We have confirmed his observations and it appears that the immune deficiency of the dwarf is rather limited to the thymus-dependent system (4). Fabris, Pierpaoli and Sorkin showed delayed allogeneic skin graft rejection of these mice (5). Immunoglobulins IgG1,IgG2a, IgG2b, IgM and IgA were in the normal range as compared to normal littermates (4); and these observations were confirmed by Wilkinson, Singh and Sorkin (6). Pierpaoli, Baroni, Fabris and Sorkin (7) demonstrated immunological reconstitution in dwarf mice following injections of preparations of bovine growth hormone in combination with thyroxine.
Gene transfer of nitric oxide synthase: effects on endothelial biology.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in monocyte-endothelial interaction by augmenting NO release via transfection of human endothelial cells (ECs) with EC NO synthase (eNOS) DNA. BACKGROUND Enhancement of NO synthesis by L-arginine or shear stress reduces endothelial adhesiveness for monocytes and inhibits atherogenesis. To elucidate further the underlying mechanism, we augmented NO synthase expression by transfection of human EC. METHODS Liposome-mediated transfection of EC was performed with a plasmid construct containing the gene encoding eNOS. Expression of eNOS was confirmed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Endothelial cells were exposed to human monocytoid cells, and adherent cells were quantitated using a computer-assisted program. Nitric oxide was measured by chemiluminescence. RESULTS The NO levels were not different in EC that were either not transfected, transfected with beta-gal or liposomes only. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) transfection increased NO release by +60% (n = 6), which increased further when EC were stimulated by shear stress (24 h) by +137% (n = 5) as compared with untransfected, unstimulated EC (both p < 0.05). The RT-PCR revealed diminished monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in eNOS transfected EC. There was an inverse relation between NO levels and monocyte binding (r = −0.5669, p < 0.002). Stimulation of EC with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; 250 U/ml) led to a decrease in NO synthesis, and an increase in monocyte binding. Cells transfected with NOS were resistant to both effects of TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial cells transfected with eNOS synthesize an increased amount of NO; this is associated with diminished MCP-1 expression and monocyte-endothelial binding. The reduction in monocyte-endothelial binding persists even after cytokine stimulation.
3D Scene Flow from 4D Light Field Gradients

This paper presents novel techniques for recovering 3D dense scene flow, based on differential analysis of 4D light fields. The key enabling result is a per-ray linear equation, called the ray flow equation, that relates 3D scene flow to 4D light field gradients. The ray flow equation is invariant to 3D scene structure and applicable to a general class of scenes, but is underconstrained (3 unknowns per equation). Thus, additional constraints must be imposed to recover motion. We develop two families of scene flow algorithms by leveraging the structural similarity between ray flow and optical flow equations: local ‘Lucas-Kanade’ ray flow and global ‘Horn-Schunck’ ray flow, inspired by corresponding optical flow methods. We also develop a combined local-global method by utilizing the correspondence structure in the light fields. We demonstrate high precision 3D scene flow recovery for a wide range of scenarios, including rotation and non-rigid motion. We analyze the theoretical and practical performance limits of the proposed techniques via the light field structure tensor, a \(3 \times 3\) matrix that encodes the local structure of light fields. We envision that the proposed analysis and algorithms will lead to design of future light-field cameras that are optimized for motion sensing, in addition to depth sensing.
1506. Association of Antibiotic Treatment Duration with First Recurrence of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Pediatric Patients

Background The optimal antibiotic (ABX) treatment duration for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in pediatric patients is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of pediatric UTI treatment duration (7, 10, or 14 days) with infection recurrence or progression.
People Prosper From Free Trade: NAFTA and Texas

The 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a trilateral trade deal between the U.S., Mexico, and Canada designed to reduce transaction costs among Americans, Mexicans, and Canadians. Critics argue that NAFTA is a bad trade deal that impoverishes Americans by giving an unfair advantage to people in other countries. They have pushed to renegotiate NAFTA in the spirit of “fair trade” to reduce trade deficits and bring jobs back to the U.S. However, research shows NAFTA has positively contributed to increased U.S. economic activity and job creation.
Showering with the Driveline Exit Site Exposed to Well Water Does Not Increase Rates of Driveline Exit Site Infection

Purpose Determine the effects of showering on rates of driveline exit site infections (DLESI). Methods Prospective analysis of all durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patient implants at a single academic center from June 2011 to June 2018. All patients who were provided instructions for showering were included in this analysis (n=164). Exclusion criteria included patients that expired before 90 days of support and those not discharged prior to transplant (n=30). Patients were instructed to shower without a dressing covering their DLES, to use antibacterial soap and then immediately apply a sterile dressing using a standard kit of supplies. Infections were diagnosed with positive exit site cultures. Self-reported household water sources, well water vs municipal water, were used to compare the rates of DLESI. Our overall DLESI infection rates were compared to STS INTERMACS data. SPSS was used to analyze statistics. Results Overall at our center, 77% of the patients were free of DLESI. Demographics, duration of support, indication for LVAD and payer source for the well water and municipal water groups were similar except the well water group was older (p=0.003). Freedom from DLESI was 83% (n=38/46) & 74% (n=65/88) of patients who showered with well & municipal water respectively (p=0.254). Kaplan Meier curves are similar (p=0.151). The mean time to DLESI is 90 days and 87 days in the well and municipal water groups respectively (p=0.153). The late phase infection rate (after the first three months) per 100 pt months at our center is 1.16 compared to STS INTERMACS at 1.38. Conclusion At a single center, LVAD patients showering with different water sources have comparable rates of freedom from DLESIs. LVAD patients who follow a DLES management protocol that includes showering have comparable rates of DLESI when compared to STS INTERMACS data.
Abstract P198: High Glucose Degrades (PRO) Renin Receptor by Autophagy and Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells

Previously we reported high glucose (HG) regulation of PRR expression in the kidney. However, in contrast to the observed increase in PRR expression in mesangial cells and podocytes, its expression...
Application of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis and management of malignant mesothelioma

Immunohistochemistry plays an indispensable role in accurate diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma, particularly in morphologically challenging cases and in biopsy and cytology specimens, where tumor architecture is difficult or impossible to evaluate. Application of a targeted panel of mesothelial- and epithelial-specific markers permits correct identification of tumor lineage in the vast majority of cases. An immunopanel including two mesothelial markers (calretinin, CK5/6, WT-1, or D2-40) and two epithelial markers (MOC-31 and claudin-4) offers good sensitivity and specificity, with adjustments as appropriate for the differential diagnosis. Once mesothelial lineage is established, malignancy-specific studies can help verify a diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. BAP1 loss, CDKN2A homozygous deletion, and MTAP loss are highly specific markers of malignancy in a mesothelial lesion, and they attain acceptable diagnostic sensitivity when applied as a diagnostic panel. Novel markers of malignancy, such as 5-hmC loss and increased EZH2 expression, are promising, but have not yet achieved widespread clinical adoption. Some diagnostic markers also have prognostic significance, and PD-L1 immunohistochemistry may predict tumor response to immunotherapy. Application and interpretation of these immnuomarkers should always be guided by clinical history, radiographic findings, and above all histomorphology.
A hybrid Gaussian process model for system reliability analysis

Abstract This paper proposes a new system reliability analysis method based on a hybrid of multivariate Gaussian process (MGP) and univariate Gaussian process (UGP) models. The proposed method is named hybrid Gaussian process-based system reliability analysis (HGP-SRA). MGP and UGP models are selectively constructed for the components of an engineered system according to their interdependencies: MGP models are constructed over the groups of highly interdependent components and UGP models are built over the components which are relatively independent of one another. A nonlinear-dependence measure, namely the randomized dependence coefficient, is adopted to learn and quantify the pairwise dependencies between the components involving both linear and complex nonlinear dependency patterns. An initial hybrid Gaussian process (HGP) model comprising both UGP and MGP models is first constructed with a set of near-random samples and these UGP and MGP models are then updated with new samples that are sequentially identified based on a new acquisition function named adaptive multivariate probability of improvement. Results of three mathematical and two real-world engineering case studies suggest that the proposed HGP-SRA method can achieve better accuracy and efficiency in system reliability estimation than several benchmark surrogate-based methods.
Moderating Effects of Gender Among Collegiate Student-Athletes Receiving a Novel Peer Concussion Education Program.

BackgroundMore than 460,000 female and male student-athletes compete in college sports each year, with 5.5 concussions reported per 1,000 athlete exposures. The majority of these concussions occurr...
Lack of Resources for Aftercare for Children With Psychosis: A System’s Failure

Very early-onset schizophrenia (VEOS) is a rare disorder that is associated with poor outcomes, especially with securing aftercare plans that will lead to stabilization of illness and prevent recidivism. There is a scarcity of resources available to patients with VEOS and their families once they leave inpatient treatment to achieve long-term success. Here we report a case of a 12-year-old-female who was diagnosed with VEOS at age 11 and since that diagnosis has struggled with finding appropriate resources to meet her needs, requiring frequent hospitalizations and displaying a continued decline in functioning.
Expression and antibody preparation of FKBP38 and its application

Objective To obtain recombinant N-and C-terminal of FKBP38 and prepare anti-FKBP38 polyclonal antibody for Western blotting(WB),immunohistochemical(IHC) and immunofluorescence(IF) analyses.Methods The N-terminal(1-207 aa) and C-terminal(209-387 aa) cDNA of FKBP38 were sub-cloned from the full-length cDNA of FKBP38 and ligated to prokaryotic expression plasmid pGEX-6P-1 for construction of the recombinant vectors pGEX-6P-1-FKBP38-N and pGEX-6P-1-FKBP38-C.After sequencing,the recombinant vectors were transformed into E.coli BL21 and GST-tagged FKBP38-NT and FKBP38-CT were induced by IPTG.The proteins were purified by Glutathione affinity chromatography column and characterized by SDS-PAGE.Rabbits were immunized with the purified recombinant protein to prepare the antiserum,which were analyzed by WB,IHC and IF.Results The recombinant vectors pGEX-6P-1-FKBP38-N and pGEX-6P-1-FKBP38-C were successfully constructed.After IPTG induction,the E.coli transformed with these plasmids expressed GST-tagged protein,which was successfully purified.Western blotting demonstrated that the purified antibody could specifically bind to FKBP38 in various cell lines.Immunofuorescence assay showed that FKBP38 was located mainly on the mitochondria.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed cytoplasmic location of FKBP38 in breast cells.Conclusion We successfully expressed and purified N-and C-terminal of FKBP38,and FKBP38 polyclonal antibody we prepared can specifically recognize FKBP38 in SB,IF and IHC assays,which facilitates further functional investigation of FKBP38.
Interactomic analysis reveals a new homeostatic role for the HIV restriction factor TRIM5α in mitophagy

ABSTRACT The protein TRIM5α has multiple roles in anti-retroviral defense, but the mechanisms underlying TRIM5α action are unclear. Here, we used an APEX2-based proteomics approach to identify TRIM5α-interacting proteins. Analysis of the TRIM5α interactome found proteins participating in a wide variety of cellular functions including regulating antiviral signaling pathways. We used this data set to uncover a novel role for TRIM5α in mitophagy, an autophagy-based mode of mitochondrial quality control that is compromised in multiple human diseases. Mitochondrial damage triggered the relocalization of TRIM5α to ER-mitochondria contact sites where TRIM5α colocalized with markers of autophagy initiation and autophagosome biogenesis. Furthermore, we found that TRIM5α knockout attenuated both Parkin-dependent and Parkin-independent mitophagy by preventing the recruitment of autophagy regulators FIP200 and ATG13 to unhealthy mitochondria. Finally, TRIM5α knockout cells showed reduced mitochondrial function under basal conditions and were more susceptible to uncontrolled immune activation and cell death in response to mitochondrial damage than were wild type cells. Taken together, our studies have identified a homeostatic role for a protein previously recognized exclusively for its antiviral actions.
Rapid cognitive decline and myoclonus in a 52-year-old woman.

Symptoms also included confusion, blank staring, blurred vision, incoordination of the extremities, decreased verbal communication, and holding her left hand in a fist.
Virtuelle Drehmomentsensoren für elektrische Lenksysteme

Thema ist die Generierung eines virtuellen Drehmomentsignals in elektromechanischen Lenksystemen. Das Konzept stuetzt sich auf die Generierung eines dritten Drehmomentsensorkanals als Eingangsgroesse in den Regelkreis der Unterstuetzungskraftgenerierung. Dieses Konzept, die Sensorik und die Umsetzung in Software werden beschrieben. Des Weiteren wird eingegangen auf das Konzept des Notlaufs und die damit einhergehende Erhoehung der Verfuegbarkeit von elektromechanischen Lenksystemen. Bisher musste bei einem schwerwiegenden Defekt des Drehmomentsensors das Lenksystem abgeschaltet werden. Der neue, virtuelle Drehmomentsensor erlaubt es, das Lenksystem unter Beibehaltung der elektrischen Unterstuetzung weiter zu betreiben.
Peer Accountability for Rationale of Impact Statements

Impact assessment is viewed as a product of a social process that involves institutional pressures, conflicting loyalties, peer pressures, and personal doubts. It is reasoned that this social process can be altered in some ways to promote better impact assessments. The sociology of science is reviewed and, from this review, the importance of personal accountability to communities of peers is discussed. It is reasoned that impact assessment should also be considered as a social enterprise where professional accountability to peer communities should be encouraged. Impact assessment communities can evolve shared bodies of knowledge and they can provide recognition and affirmation of good work and those who perform such work. It is reasoned that reviewers of impact statements collectively perform important roles and several recommendations are made to reviewers. These recommendations seek to encourage professional responsibility and peer review, discussion, and dialogue.
Elastic Structures with Nonlinear Load-Deflection Curves

Action of simple structure in practical use, for which linear stress-strain relation results in nonlinear load deflection curve involving region where load decreases with increase in deflection; behavior of this type of structure is similar to that of segment of spherical shell under uniform external pressure or strip of cylindrical shell under axial compression.
Interfacial Electron Transfer Reactions of Heme Proteins

The kinetics and thermodynamics of electron transfer reactions of heme proteins can be studied directly at metal and semiconductor electrodes. We have been interested in characterizing the heterogeneous electron transfer properties of biological electron transfer proteins since the initial report of electrocatalysis in the reaction of spinach ferredoxin at a polymer modified gold electrode (Landrum et al., 1977). This 11,000 dalton iron-sulfur protein, which participates in green plant photosynthesis, was shown to undergo direct, heterogeneous, electron transfer at quasi- reverisble rates at this modified electrode. Later that year two communications described quasi-reversible electron transfer rates by cytochrome c at modified gold (Eddowes and Hill, 1977) and at bare indium oxide (Yeh and Kuwana, 1977) electrodes.
Dysphagia, GER, and Aspiration in the Elderly

Within the United States, where it is estimated that >20 % of the population will be over the age of 65 by 2050 [1], a greater understanding of the impact of disorders affecting older adults is paramount. Due to physiologic changes of aging, an increased prevalence of comorbid conditions, and abundance of medication usage, the elderly comprise a distinct segment of the population at increased risk for upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Furthermore, the risk for lung disease, either directly or indirectly related to impaired swallowing or GI function, is high among older adults. The elderly manifest distinct presentations of certain GI disorders when compared to younger adults. Additionally, as people age, alterations in normal lung physiology place them at risk for pulmonary complications of GI disorders.
Remote supervisory control of a humanoid robot

For this demonstration, participants have the opportunity to control a humanoid robot located hundreds of miles away. The general task is to reach, grasp, and transport various objects in the vicinity of the robot. Although remote "pick-and-place" operations of this sort form the basis of numerous practical applications, they are frequently error-prone and fatiguing for human operators. Participants can experience the relative difficulty of remote manipulation both with and without the use of an assistive interface. This interface simplifies the task by injecting artificial intelligence in key places without seizing higher-level control from the operator. In particular, we demonstrate the benefits of two key components of the system: a video display of predicted operator intentions, and a haptic-based controller for automated grasping.
Immunocytochemical localization of the mammalian voltage-dependent sodium channel using polyclonal antibodies against the purified protein.

Antibodies were raised in rabbits against the purified voltage- dependent sodium channel from rat skeletal muscle sarcolemma. The resultant antiserum reacted with the purified channel in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay and precipitated the sodium channel from a crude mixture of solubilized membrane proteins. Crude membrane proteins separated according to size under nondenaturing conditions by chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B contained a single peak of immunoreactivity that coincided with the native channel. On immunoblots of sarcolemmal membrane proteins, the antiserum reacted predominantly with a diffuse high molecular weight band that was comparable in migratory characteristics to the large glycoprotein subunit of the purified channel. Using immunocytochemical techniques, binding of this polyclonal antiserum was localized to the surface membrane of rat skeletal muscle. This staining was specifically blocked by pre- incubation of the antiserum with the purified channel protein. The antiserum also stained the surface membrane of rat cardiac muscle and the nodes of Ranvier in rat peripheral nerve. Species cross-reactivity was seen with mouse, human, and guinea pig skeletal muscle while chicken, rabbit, and frog muscle was not stained. The antiserum also reacted with the surface membranes of fetal rat muscle in tissue culture. These results indicate that sodium channels in adult mammalian skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and peripheral nerve and in fetal muscle in culture all share common antigenic determinants. The antiserum should prove useful for topographical studies of sodium channel distribution in these tissues.
The reactivity of sulfhydryl groups of bovine cardiac troponin C.

Abstract Bovine cardiac troponin C (cTnC) contains 2 cysteine residues, Cys-35 located in the nonfunctional Ca2+-binding loop I and Cys-84 in the N-terminal segment of the central helix. We have studied the reactivity of Cys residues in cTnC with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and 7-diethylamino-3-(4'-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin (CPM). The latter compound fluoresces only when reacted with the protein. The reaction with DTNB followed second order kinetics with respect to DTNB, the rate constants being 3.37 s-1 M-1 and 1.82 s-1 M-1 in the presence and absence of Ca2+, respectively. These rates are much slower than the rate of reaction with Cys-98 of skeletal TnC (sTnC) or with the urea-denatured cTnC, indicating that both Cys residues are partly buried within the structure of the protein. The increase in reactivity was induced by binding of Ca2+ to the single low affinity Ca2+ binding site (site II). The fluorescence increase upon reaction of cTnC with CPM in the absence of Ca2+ could be fitted with a single exponential equation indicating that both cysteine residues are equally available to the reagent. The reaction in the presence of Ca2+ was biphasic. Analysis of CNBr fragments of cTnC labeled with CPM under various conditions indicated that in the presence of Ca2+ the reactivity of Cys-84 is increased while that of Cys-35 is slightly decreased. This finding is consistent with the model of Herzberg et al. (Herzberg, O., Moult, J., and James, M. N. G. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 2638-2644) and the data of Ingraham and Hodges (Ingraham, R. H., and Hodges, R. S. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 5891-5898), suggesting that the Ca2+-induced conformational change in the N-terminal half of TnC involves separation of the helix C from the central helix, thereby increasing the accessibility of Cys-84. The slow overall kinetics, however, indicates that the structure in the vicinity of Cys residues is relatively compact regardless of Ca2+. We interpret the increase in reactivity towards CPM as consistent with a Ca2+-induced exposure of a hydrophobic pocket in the vicinity of Cys-84.
Remote sensing of coastal wetland vegetation and estuarine water properties

The advantages and limitations of remote sensing techniques for collecting synoptic data over large coastal and estuarine areas are reviewed with emphasis on the need for a proper balance between remotely sensed data and “ground truth”. Specific applications include mapping wetland vegetation and coastal land use; monitoring natural and man-induced changes in the coastal zone; charting current circulation, including the movement and dispersion of known water pollutants; and determining the type and concentration of suspended matter in coastal waters. The photo-interpretation of aircraft and satellite imagery with the aid of “ground truth” is illustrated, employing both direct visual and automated computer techniques. For some applications, it is shown that an integrated boat-aircraft-satellite approach can produce better results or cost less, than the deployment of large numbers of boats or field teams without remote sensor support.
The neural basis of stereoscopic vision

Stereoscopic vision allows animals with frontally placed eyes to perceive very small differences in relative depth. A great deal of theoretical and behavioral work has been undertaken to try to understand the parameters of this process. Physiological investigations show that neurons in the visual cortex are able to encode and process stereoscopic information. We have shown that this encoding may occur by a system that assesses differences in internal structure of receptive fields of left and right eyes. We have also developed a biologically plausible model under the assumption of serial processing that accounts for most of the experimental findings. Our results demonstrate that a major mechanism for stereoscopic encoding is likely to occur via phase differences of left and right eye receptive fields.
On supporting distributed collaboration in sensor networks

In sensor networks, nodes may malfunction due to the hostile environment. Therefore, dealing with node failure is a very important research issue. In this paper, we study distributed cooperative failure detection techniques. In the proposed techniques, the nodes around a suspected node collaborate with each other to reach an agreement on whether the suspect is faulty or malicious. We first formalize the problem as how to construct a dominating tree to cover all the neighbors of the suspect and give the lower bound of the message complexity. Two tree-based propagation collection protocols are proposed to construct dominating trees and collect information via the tree structure. Instead of using the traditional flooding technique, we propose a coverage-based heuristic to improve the system performance. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the heuristic can help achieve a higher tree coverage with lower message complexity, lower delay and lower energy consumption.
Development of the small intestine in the hypophysectomized rat. II. Influence of cortisone, thyroxine, growth hormone, and prolactin.

Abstract The intestinal deficiencies caused by hypophysectomy of rats at 6 days of age can be repaired to varying degrees by thyroxine or cortisone but not by growth hormone or prolactin. Administration of daily doses of thyroxine alone from 19–22 days raises duodenal alkaline phosphatase activity to normal levels at 24 days; it has a strong effect on jejunal sucrase and maltase, although these activities remain below those of controls. Thyroxine causes a marked increase in rough endoplasmic reticulum and restores the Golgi complexes to their normal appearance. It also elicits an intensification of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stainability of the brush border. Cortisone acetate given from 19 to 22 days elevates sucrase and maltase to normal levels but does not fully restore phosphatase activity. Like thyroxine, cortisone causes intensification of PAS staining of the brush border and also increases rough endoplasmic reticulum. It seems to stimulate Golgi activity, but results in the appearance of a variety of abnormal forms. The defects in Golgi configuration, brush border carbohydrate content, and activity of glycoprotein enzymes that are bound to the brush border may all reflect impaired glycosylation in the hypophyseoprivic state; the results of thyroxine or cortisone administration suggest that both hormones may affect glycosylation but in different ways.
Performance evaluation of the second order and fourth order statistics based root MUSIC algorithms in the presence of mutual coupling

Direction finding (DF) algorithms based on polynomial rooting implicitly assume equality among the element radiation patterns. However, in real antenna arrays this equality is violated due to the phenomenon known as mutual coupling that can significantly deteriorate accuracy of the root DF algorithms. In this paper we compare robustness of the second order (SO) and fourth order (FO) statistics based root MUSIC algorithms in the presence of the various levels of mutual coupling among the elements of the uniform linear array (ULA). It has been demonstrated that FO root MUSIC algorithm exhibits significantly higher level of robustness in the presence of mutual coupling when number of sources is greater than one.
Olympus: A High-Level Programming Model for Pervasive Computing Environments

Pervasive computing advocates the enhancement of physical spaces with computing and communication resources that help users perform various kinds of tasks. We call these enhanced physical spaces Active Spaces. Active Spaces are highly dynamic - the context and resources available in these environments can change rapidly. The large number of entities present in these spaces and the dynamism associated with them make it difficult for developers to program these environments. It is not always clear at development time which resources are to be used for performing various kinds of tasks and how to use them. In this paper, we introduce a new high-level programming model for pervasive computing environments, Olympus. The main feature of this model is that developers can specify Active Space entities and common Active Space operations at an abstract, high level. Active Space entities (which include services, applications, devices, physical objects, locations and users) can be specified using high level descriptions. Our framework resolves these descriptions into actual Active Space entities based on constraints specified by the developer, ontological descriptions of entities, the resources available in the current space, space-level policies and the current context of the space. The programming model also provides the developers with operators for commonly used functions. Examples of operators include start; stop and move components. Thus, developers do not have to worry about how various tasks are performed in the space in which their program is to be deployed. These details are taken care of by the model and the developer is free to focus on the actual logic of the program. In this paper, we discuss the programming model, its implementation and several example Active Space programs that have been developed using this model
A review of principal component analysis and its applications to color technology

Principal component analysis, abbreviated PCA, has been an important and useful mathematical tool in color technology since the 1960s. Its uses have included defining tolerance intervals and ellipsoidal regions, estimating colorant spectral properties from mixtures, deriving CIE daylight, data reduction for large ensembles of spectra, and spectral imaging. Although PCA is a common topic in many engineering disciplines, statistics, and mathematics, many color-technology professionals and color-science students come from disciplines where this technique is not part of their curricula. It is from this perspective that this review publication was written. The purpose of this publication is to describe PCA and present examples in its use for colorant estimation, spectral data reduction, and defining multidimensional confidence regions for colorimetric scatter data. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 84–98, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20086
Constructivist Strategies in Phonological Intervention: Facilitating Self-Regulation for Carryover.

This tutorial describes an instructional approach for school-age children who have difficulty achieving phonological carryover. Behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist instructional strategies ar...
OpenCL and the 13 dwarfs: a work in progress

In the past, evaluating the architectural innovation of parallel computing devices relied on a benchmark suite based on existing programs, e.g., EEMBC or SPEC. However, with the growing ubiquity of parallel computing devices, we argue that it is unclear how best to express parallel computation, and hence, a need exists to identify a higher level of abstraction for reasoning about parallel application requirements. Therefore, the goal of this combination "Work-in-Progress and Vision" paper is to delineate application requirements in a manner that is not overly specific to individual applications or the optimizations used for certain hardware platforms, so that we can draw broader conclusions about hardware requirements. Our initial effort, dubbed "OpenCL and the 13 Dwarfs" or OCD for short, realizes Berkeley's 13 computational dwarfs of scientific computing in OpenCL, where each dwarf captures a pattern of computation and communication that is common to a class of important applications.
Roles of NA, sigma, and lambda in low-k1 aerial image formation

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the fundamental concepts needed to understand the roles of NA, sigma and lambda in aerial image formation for low k1 equals CD/((lambda) /NA) applications. Starting with an idealized representation of the condenser and projection optics in a stepper, the definitions of NA and sigma will be rigorously developed. Next the aerial image will be related to source illumination pattern at the objective pupil that includes the effect of diffraction by the reticle. The initial case considered will be for dense lines and spaces. Off Axis Illumination OAI will then be presented to show exactly what it is and how it can result in increased resolution. The cases of semi-isolated lines and spaces are also be addressed. Also included will be a detailed derivation of the diffraction equations for dense lines and spaces not found in text books.
Not too late for imatinib

In this issue of Blood , Hochhaus and colleagues demonstrate that among chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients who had previously failed interferon, 76% remain alive and 44% remain on imatinib mesylate therapy after 6 years. Imatinib mesylate was clearly shown to be the standard of care for
Simulation and measurement of the self‐heating in GaN HFETs

Self-heating in a GaN HFET has been simulated and used to deduce different average or effective temperatures, which are representative of the device performance. This suggests how simple electrical measurements, coupled with simulation may help reveal the maximum temperatures in a device. Some experimental data is shown indicating how electrical measurements by themselves can be used to do this. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cultural Memory of the Pious Ancestors (Salaf) in al-Ghazālī

The superiority and truth of the way of the first few generations of Muslims, the Salaf , has been a key theological premise of Sunni Islam, which Sunni ulamā have tried to defend against incursions of intellectual sophistication as well as foreign systems of reasoning and spirituality. However, they have also been attracted by the promises of greater intellectual coherence, sophistication, or ultimate truths that other traditions seemed to offer to a remarkable and underappreciated extent. Al-Ghazālī, an iconic defender of the intellectualist branch of Sunni tradition (Asharism) against challenges posed by rationalist theologians (Mutazilites), Aristotelian philosophers, and Neoplatonist Batinites, attempted to synthesize these various traditions, and in the process, struggled with the cultural memory of the Salaf . His attempts at resolution ranged from the projection of a selective and romanticized view of the Salaf as proto-mystics, neglect and implicit deprecation of the Salaf in his mysticial writings, and finally a qualified return to the Salaf ’s way in his last treatise. Although he never seems to settle on a stable alternative to the Sunni teleology in which the Salaf always came out on top, he consistently resorts to esotericism and elitism whenever attempting to transcend the Salaf . Such tensions and attempts at resolution continue to characterize subsequent intellectualist Sunni tradition.
Geochemistry of uranium in Black Sea sediments

The sediment geochemistry of uranium has been studied at four sites in the Black Sea. Samples collected by an in situ pore water sampler show that U is depleted in the upper few centimeters of the sediment column, decreasing from the overlying water value to <0.5 dpm 238U l−1. Removal of U from sediment pore water supports a diffusional flux of U across the sediment-water interface, and these fluxes range from 15 to 52 dpm cm−2 ky−1. Authigenic solid phase U concentrations are found to increase with depth at the central basin stations, reaching activities of 10–14 dpm g−1. An outer shelf site, characterized by a high sediment accumulation rate, shows no apparent U accumulation in the solid phase. Fluxes calculated based on solid phase authigenic U at depth in the sediment and on sedimentation rates derived from 210Pb data range from 47 to 149 dpm cm−2 ky−1. Differences between the fluxes derived from pore water and solid phase data reflect different accumulation processes, sampling constraints and uncertainties associated with each method/calculation. These fluxes are comparable to those reported for other anoxic basin sediments which, together, account for about 20% of the oceanic U balance.