cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Basis of Rhabdovirus Replication

A virus was originally classified as a rhabdovirus if it displayed a distinctive elongated morphology (1). Rhabdo means rod-like and all rhabdoviruses have a bacilliform or conical appearance. Over 60 different viruses currently comprise the rhabdovirus group and some members are listed in Table 1 (2). Many of these viruses are transmitted to their plant or vertebrate hosts by insects and, therefore, must be able to successfully infect and replicate in both invertebrate and vertebrate or invertebrate and plant cells. However, transmission by an arthropod vector is not a mandatory requirement for classification as a rhabdovirus since rabies virus is most commonly spread by direct animal contact via the bite of an infected vertebrate. Many viruses in the rhabdovirus group are of interest because as pathogens of livestock (vesicular stomatitis), fish (spring viremia of carp), or plants (lettuce necrotic yellows), they have a significant economic impact. Others, such as rabies virus are feared because they are virulent human pathogens. In humans (and most animals), once a rabies virus infection is established and symptoms appear, there is no effective treatment and death invariably follows due to destruction of the central nervous system. Aside from the obvious importance of rhabdoviruses as pathogens, certain members of the group have generated considerable interest as models for viral replication, glycoprotein biosynthesis, and membrane structure. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been particularly useful in this regard because it can be easily propagated to high titers in tissue culture.
Electromagnetism as an aspect of geometry?: Already unified field theory—The null field case

Abstract The already unified field theory of Rainich-Misner-Wheeler is extended to include null electromagnetic fields. This generalization involves two difficulties: the imposition of new integrability conditions on the complexion in the nonnull regions, and the actual determination of the electromagnetic field in the null regions. These difficulties are surmounted: a prescription is given for determining in every case whether or not a given geometry (Riemannian manifold) arises from a solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations. Only in a very special set of solutions containing null regions of four dimensions in space-time does the electromagnetic field not follow uniquely (up to a constant duality rotation) from the geometry. All such solutions are explicitly displayed. Hence, except in these latter very special cases, we find that the electromagnetic field—even in the null case—leaves such a distinctive imprint on the geometry in which it lies that the electromagnetic field follows from the geometry. This remarkable fact—the basis of already unified field theory—is discussed.
An Off-line tool for accurately estimating the lifetime of a mote

In wide scale, low power wireless networks comprising battery-backed embedded systems or motes, it is always desirable to avoid frequent replacement of batteries. This necessitates the need to accurately estimate the energy consumption during mote operations prior to deployment, thereby avoiding unexpected decreased network coverage as a result of untimely mote “deaths.” Motivated by this need, the overriding purpose of this research is to profile the energy consumption during typical mote operations using an simple, novel analytical model, and validate it using measurements from a testbed. The mote operation life for a set of PHY layer functions estimated using our analytical model was within 14–20% of the value obtained from the testbed. In addition, the energy consumption during the basic modes of a practical medium access control (MAC) protocol has been modeled, and was observed to be within 15–21% of the values obtained from the testbed.
Inhibition of gastric emptying by acids depends on pH, titratable acidity, and length of intestine exposed to acid

Exposure of the small intestine to acid inhibits gastric emptying in a dose-related fashion that depends on titratable acidity and pH. Little information is available on the location of this inhibitory mechanism or on the relative contribution of titratable acidity and pH to this feedback control. We hypothesized that the dependence on titratable acidity is related to the length of the intestine exposed to acid and that the dependence on pH is related to the region of the intestine exposed to acid. To test these ideas, we studied 11 dogs with duodenal and jejunal fistulas. The inhibitory effects were tested when different lengths of the small intestine were exposed to test solutions of 0.03, 0.06, and 0.12 meq/ml titratable acidities. pH as an independent covariable was separated from titratable acidity by comparing the inhibition of gastric emptying of lactic acid (pH fixed to 2.4) to HCl (pH 0.96-1.6). Maximal inhibition of gastric emptying by both acids depended on acid exposure of a length of small intestine that was greater than 65 but less than or equal to 150 cm long. When acid was confined to the proximal 15 cm, increasing concentration of HCl (decreasing pH) resulted in increasing inhibition, but this effect was absent with increasing concentration of lactic acid (fixed pH). Inhibition was absent when 0.06 meq/ml HCl was infused into the intestine beyond the midintestine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evidence for an I2/a to Imab phase transition in the silica polymorph moganite at ~570 K

Rietveld analysis of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data for the silica mineral moganite from 100 K to 1354 K has revealed a reversible phase transition from space group I 2/ a to Imab at approximately 570 K. The thermal expansion behavior of the lattice parameters alters sharply at the transition point, and the monoclinic β angle decreases to 90°. The displacive transition from α- to β-moganite is effected by the rotation of apparently rigid tetrahedra about the [010] axis, and the linear temperature dependence of the volume strain and of the non-symmetry-breaking e 11 and e 22 strains indicates that the character of the transition is second-order. The continuous increase in the b axis over the entire temperature range reveals a concomitant rotation of tetrahedra about [100] that does not affect the overall symmetry. In addition, we present a refinement without structural constraints for α-moganite at room temperature using time-of-flight neutron diffraction data.
Further Studies on the Effect of ACTH on Cholesterol Side Chain Cleavage Cytochrome P-450 in Rat Adrenal Mitochondria

Mitochondria have been isolated from zona fasciculata-reticularis adrenal tissue of hypophysectomized rats following injection of ACTH or dibutyryl cyclic AMP. It has been possible to observe increased binding of cholesterol to a side chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 in such mitochondria by spectro-photometric techniques. These observations suggest an approach to the isolation of the “labile factor” involved in the mechanism of action of ACTH.
An optimized multilevel inverter topology with asymmetrical DC sources for photovoltaic power generation interface

This paper discusses a novel multilevel inverter topology. Using only six power devices and two asymmetrical DC sources, the proposed topology is capable of synthesizing seven-level output voltage waveform. As will be seen, the proposed configuration uses the least number of power devices and DC sources as compared to the conventional topologies reported in the literature. Simulation results verifying the operation of the proposed optimized configuration are also presented. Overall topology properties, PV application with grid interface, and experimental results of the prototypes will be presented in this paper along with detailed simulation results.
Review of Thomas S. Kuhn's Book: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

Kuhn rejects the attainment of truth that comes from science, but then he is found accepting the absolute truth of a Darwinian evolution now operating above the conflicts of science. To Kuhn, only this blind watchmaker drives the emergence of new scientific paradigms, and a successful paradigm is fittest merely because of an empty politics. Kuhn goes from contradiction to a circular argument: that science finds no truth because truth is not permitted at the level of the paradigm. This realization should provide the refutation of Kuhn's paradigm dependent science. But rather than admit the obvious that science somehow stumbles upon the truth by way of a paradigm turned induction, Kuhn would rather say that science does not seek truth at all. Even Popper would not go this far. You can find this book at Amazon: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions .
Sensitivity analysis for inference in 2SLS/GMM estimation with possibly flawed instruments

Credible inference requires attention to the possible fragility of the results ( $$p$$ values for key hypothesis tests) to flaws in the model assumptions, notably accounting for the validity of the instruments used. Past sensitivity analysis has mainly consisted of experimentation with alternative model specifications and with tests of over-identifying restrictions which actually presuppose instrument validity. We provide a feasible sensitivity analysis of two-stage least-squares and GMM estimation, quantifying the fragility/robustness of inference with respect to possible flaws in the exogeneity assumptions made, and also indicating which of these assumptions are most crucial. The method is illustrated via application to a well-known study of the education–earnings relationship.
878 Prospective Randomized Comparative Study Using Hemoclip, Endoloop, and Fibrin Sealant for Endoscopic Closure of Iatrogenic Duodenal Perforation in a Porcine Model: HELLP Study

system, interstitial cells of Cajal and related cells are essential to promote our understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms. Aims: Determine 1. Technical feasibility, reproducibility and safety of performing a full thickness gastric biopsy (FTGB) using a submucosal endoscopy with mucosal flap (SEMF) technique; 2. Technical feasibility, reproducibility and safety of tissue closure using an endoscopic suturing device; 3. Presence of myenteric ganglia in tissue samples; 4. Long-term safety. Methods: Six 35kg pigs were studied. Each animal underwent a SEMF procedure. This involved a submucosal injection followed by dissection of the submucosal space using a prototype balloon. The unique unfurling of this dilation balloon created a submucosal tunnel revealing MP. A double channel therapeutic endoscope was advanced into the submucosal tunnel and using an endoscopic Doppler probe a suitable site for resection was identified. Rat tooth forceps was used to tent the MP followed by snare resection. The mucosal defect was closed by interrupted sutures using the endoscopic suturing device. Animals were survived for 2 weeks. To study 6 animals, 8 pigs were enrolled. Two were excluded early in the study after one death from anesthesia related complications and the other had a superficial mucosal tear over the tunnel. Therefore a MP resection was not performed and the animal recovered well, in this setting the procedure would normally be repeated after mucosal healing in 4-6 weeks. Results: FTGB was achieved using the SEMF technique, with the peritoneal cavity visualized endoscopically postresection in all 6 animals. The mucosal offset entry site was successfully closed using the suturing device in all animals. Average total procedure time was 77 mins with a range of 2-4 interrupted sutures placed per animal. Mean resected tissue size was 11 mm. Histology showed muscularis propria and serosa confirming full thickness resections. Multiple myenteric ganglia were visualized in all animals. The clinical course was uneventful. Repeat endoscopy and necropsy at 2 weeks showed absence of mucosal ulceration at either the entry sites or overlying the more distal MP resection sites. Retained sutures were present in 5/6 animals. There was complete healing of the serosa in all animals with minimal single band adhesions in 5/6 animals. Conclusions: Based on this study, FTGB using the SEMF technique and endoscopic suturing device are technically feasible, reproducible and safe. The larger tissue specimens allow for improved analysis of multiple cell types. Future studies will include reproducing this data in a pilot clinical study.
Associative and perceptual dominance in compounding stimuli

After learning verbal paired-associate (P-A) lists with single stimuli, 90 college Ss were tested on (P-A) lists with either single or compound stimuli. Compounds which consisted of two relevant cues were not superior to a single relevant cue while each of these conditions was superior to compounds consisting of one relevant and one irrelevant cue, particularly when the irrelevant cue was perceptually dominant. Associative and perceptual factors interacted in determining the transfer effects of compounding.
Ascorbate-dependent protection of human erythrocytes against oxidant stress generated by extracellular diazobenzene sulfonate.

Abstract Diazobenzene sulfonic acid (DABS) has been used to label thiols and amino groups on cell-surface proteins. However, we found that in addition to inhibiting an ascorbate-dependent trans-plasma membrane oxidoreductase in human erythrocytes, it also depleted α-tocopherol severely in the cell membrane. When erythrocytes were loaded with ascorbate, DABS-dependent loss of α-tocopherol was decreased, despite little change in intracellular ascorbate content. Sparing of α-tocopherol also was seen in erythrocyte ghosts resealed to contain ascorbate, although this was accompanied by loss of intravesicular ascorbate, probably due to the inability of ghosts to recycle ascorbate. A transmembrane transfer of electrons from ascorbate was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, in which extracellular DABS was found to generate the ascorbate free radical within cells. When the membrane content of α-tocopherol was decreased to 20% of the initial value by DABS treatment, lipid peroxidation ensued, manifest by generation of F 2 -isoprostanes in the cell membranes. Intracellular ascorbate also strongly protected against F 2 -isoprostane formation. These results show that DABS causes an oxidant stress at the membrane surface that is transmitted within the cell, in part by an α-tocopherol-dependent mechanism, and that ascorbate recycling of α-tocopherol can protect against loss of α-tocopherol and the ensuing lipid peroxidation.
The President's Scientist

The science advisor to the US president has the opportunity to influence how scientific research is supported by the federal government, as well as the ways in which science and technology can be applied to meet the needs of society.
The regulation and function of Class III PI3Ks: novel roles for Vps34

The Class III PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), Vps34 (vacuolar protein sorting 34), was first described as a component of the vacuolar sorting system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is the sole PI3K in yeast. The homologue in mammalian cells, hVps34, has been studied extensively in the context of endocytic sorting. However, hVps34 also plays an important role in the ability of cells to respond to changes in nutrient conditions. Recent studies have shown that mammalian hVps34 is required for the activation of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)/S6K1 (S6 kinase 1) pathway, which regulates protein synthesis in response to nutrient availability. In both yeast and mammalian cells, Class III PI3Ks are also required for the induction of autophagy during nutrient deprivation. Finally, mammalian hVps34 is itself regulated by nutrients. Thus Class III PI3Ks are implicated in the regulation of both autophagy and, through the mTOR pathway, protein synthesis, and thus contribute to the integration of cellular responses to changing nutritional status.
Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine Oxidase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

An oxidase complex has been solubilized and partially purified from the membrane particle of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown under limited oxygen condition. The oxidase consists of two major cytochrome components, cytochrome c554 and cytochrome o (b561), with a molar ratio of about 9:1 in terms of c-heme to protoheme content. Ninety percent of the cytochrome c+o complex, corresponding to all of the cytochrome c554, is reducible by reduced N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine. This partially purified oxidase exhibited a maximal specific activity about 5 mumol O2 uptake x min-1 x mg protein-1, with a Km (of reduced N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine) = 7.2 x 10(-4) M at 30 degrees C. The oxidase is sensitive to KCN, NaN3 and NaNO2. Oxidation-reduction potentiometric titration shows that cytochrome c554 has a midpoint potential of 289 mV and cytochrome o of + 25 mV at pH 7.2 in the partially purified oxidase preparation. The purity of the preparation has been estimated to be about 85--90% by gel electrophoresis.
LUX ARRHYTHMO Encodes a Nighttime Repressor of Circadian Gene Expression in the Arabidopsis Core Clock

Summary Circadian clocks provide an adaptive advantage by allowing organisms to anticipate daily and seasonal environmental changes [1, 2]. Eukaryotic oscillators rely on complex hierarchical networks composed of transcriptional and posttranslational regulatory circuits [3]. In Arabidopsis , current representations of the circadian clock consist of three or four interlocked transcriptional feedback loops [3, 4]. Although molecular components contributing to different domains of these circuits have been described, how the loops are connected at the molecular level is not fully understood. Genetic screens previously identified LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX) [5], also known as PHYTOCLOCK1 (PCL1) [6], an evening-expressed putative transcription factor essential for circadian rhythmicity. We determined the in vitro DNA-binding specificity for LUX by using universal protein binding microarrays; we then demonstrated that LUX directly regulates the expression of PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR9 ( PRR9 ), a major component of the morning transcriptional feedback circuit, through association with the newly discovered DNA binding site. We also show that LUX binds to its own promoter, defining a new negative autoregulatory feedback loop within the core clock. These novel connections between the archetypal loops of the Arabidopsis clock represent a significant advance toward defining the molecular dynamics underlying the circadian network in plants and provide the first mechanistic insight into the molecular function of the previously orphan clock factor LUX.
A nonlinear canonical correlation analysis of weekly trip chaining behaviour

Abstract This research concerns the relationships between the patterns of activities pursued in home-based trip chains and the characteristics of the persons making the chains. The data source is a one-week travel diary reported by persons over 11 years of age in the Netherlands in 1984. All home-based trip chains, including both simple two-link chains and more complex ones, were classified on the basis of the sequence of away-from-home activities. Twenty types were distinguished. The presence or absence of these trip-chain types were then explained in terms of the personal and household characteristics of the travellers using nonlinear canonical correlation analysis. This analysis technique can accomodate multiple dependent variables and nominally-scaled (categorical) variables in both the independent and dependent variables sets. Determined are the category scores for each independent variable that are optimal in explaining patterns in the dependent chain-type variables. Also determined are the optimal combinations of the two variable sets. These results capture the relationships between the sequences of activities in trip chains and the variables age, sex, working status, household income, stage in the family life cycle, household car ownership, and residential location. The most effective variable was found to be life cycle, followed by age and income.
Selective syntheses and reactions of epoxy-, hydroxy-, and keto-substituted cyclohexyltriphenyltin compounds

Abstract The epoxidation of cyclohex-3-enyltriphenyltin gave a 40/60 mixture of cis - and trans -3,4-epoxycyclohexyltriphenyltin. The reaction of the cis - and trans -epoxides, separately with lithium aluminum hydride, gave cis -3-hydroxycyclohexyltriphenyltin (>99%) and trans -3-hydroxycyclohexyltriphenyltin (100%) respectively. Hydroboration (BH 3 ) followed by basic oxidation of cyclohex-3-enyltriphenyltin gave cis -3-hydroxy- (∼42%), trans -3-hydroxy- (∼42%) as well as trans -4-hydroxy- (∼12%) and cis -4-hydroxy-cyclohexyltriphenyltin (∼4%). The attempted epoxidation of cyclohex-2-enyltriphenyltin gave only destannylation products due to the reactivity of allylic organotin compounds under electrophilic reaction conditions. Alternative hydroboration-oxidation of the allylic organotin compound also gave destannylation as well as 3- and 4-hydroxycyclohexyltriphenyltin compounds from rearrangement of the allylic to the homoallylic cyclohexenyltriphenyltin compound. Epoxidation of cyclohex-1-enyltriphenyltin gave 1,2-epoxycyclohexyltriphenyltin, which upon reaction with lithium aluminum hydride, gave destannylated compounds arising from hydride attack at C(2) and elimination of cyclohexanone and triphenyltin anion. cis -2-Methoxycyclohexyltriphenyltin was prepared stereospecifically by reaction of trans -1-bromo-2-methoxycyclohexane with triphenylstannylsodium, while the trans -2-hydroxycyclohexyltriphenyltin was also prepared in a stereospecific manner by reaction of cis -cyclohexene epoxide with triphenylstannylsodium. A discussion of these reactions as well as the reactivity of all the substituted cyclohexyltriphenyltin compounds with electrophilic reagents and their gas phase protonolysis reactions via chemical ionization mass spectroscopy will be presented.
End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during sedation with a combination of midazolam and ketamine for children undergoing painful, invasive procedures.

BackgroundPrevious studies evaluating the respiratory effects of sedation regimens have focused on events such as a decline in O2 saturation or apnea. The current study used both end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring and pulse oximetry to evaluate the respiratory effects of midazolam and ketam
The likelihood term in restoration of transform-compressed imagery

Compression of imagery by quantization of the data's transform coefficients introduces an error in the imagery upon decompression. When processing compressed imagery, often a likelihood term is used to provide a statistical description of how the observed data are related to the original noise-free data. This work derives the statistical relationship between compressed imagery and the original imagery, which is found to be embodied in a (in general) non-diagonal covariance matrix. Although the derivations are valid for transform coding in general, the work is motivated by considering examples for the specific cases of compression using the discrete cosine transform and the discrete wavelet transform. An example application of motion-compensated temporal filtering is provided to show how the presented likelihood term might be used in a restoration scenario.
Variability in Large-Scale Water Balance with Land Surface-Atmosphere Interaction

Abstract Persistent and prolonged periods of dry or moist conditions are often evident in the interannual variability of continental-type climates This variability appears as fluctuations around several distinct and preferred moisture states. These fluctuations and transitions between the preferred states are commonly attributed to large-scale changes in atmospheric circulation patterns possibly caused by oceanic influence. This paper argues that a major contributing factor to the persistent dry or moist behavior could be due to feedback and nonlinear interaction between the components of the hydrologic cycle in both the land and the atmosphere. A model that couples the water balance of continental landmasses and the overlying atmosphere is presented. The large-scale variabilities in atmospheric circulation are introduced by way of simple randomness in key forcing parameters. The result is a multiplicative-noise stochastic differential equation for the water balance dynamics of continental-type climates t...
Dinuclear platinum complexes with biological relevance based on the 1,2-diaminocyclohexane carrier ligand.

The synthesis of bifunctional dinuclear platinum complexes, [{PtCl(dach)}2-μ-Y]n+Cln (1−3; Y = H2N(CH2)3NH2(CH2)4NH2, H2N(CH2)6NH2(CH2)6NH2, and H2N(CH2)6NH2(CH2)2NH2(CH2)6NH2, respectively; Figure 1) is reported. There was no labilization of the polyamine linker groups of the cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane complexes in the presence of sulfur-containing species at physiological pH, in contrast to previous studies preformed on trans complexes. Metabolism reactions are somewhat dependent on the nature of the polyamine: at physiological pH, the spermidine complex 1 forms an inert (tetraamine)platinum species in which one platinum is chelated by a central and terminal amino group. The stability of cis-geometry complexes may make them viable second-generation polynuclear platinum clinical candidates.
Homotopy and group cohomology of arrangements

Abstract It is well known that the complexification of the complement of the arrangement of reflecting hyperplanes for a finite Coxeter group is an Eilenberg-MacLane space. In general, the cohomology of the complement of a general complex arrangement is well behaved and well understood. In this paper we consider the homotopy theory of such spaces. In particular, we study the Hurewicz map connecting homotopy and homology. As a consequence we are able to derive understanding of the “obstructions” to such spaces being Eilenberg-MacLane spaces. In particular, in the case of arrangements in a three-dimensional vector space, we find that whether or not the complement is Eilenberg-MacLane depends solely on its fundamental group.
Scaling laws for coupling quantities on EMP

A set of scaling laws relating three-potential electromagnetic coupling quantities to three electromagnetic pulse (EMP) characteristics is derived. The electromagnetic coupling quantities are an attempt to characterize, in a very rough sense, the ability of an electromagnetic wave to induce an electronic upset in an electric circuit. The coupling quantities used are chosen based on voltage transients, power transients, and energy-induced overload as mechanisms for electronic upset. The independent quantities in the scaling laws are chosen to be the pulse rise time, peak field, and total energy density. >
Major hydrocarbons of the post-pharyngeal glands of mated queens of the red imported fire antSolenopsis invicta

Thin layer and column chromatographic analyses showed that hydrocarbons were the major lipoidal components of post-pharyngeal glands of mated queens of the red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta. Gas liquid chromatographic analyses on an OV-17 column showed four major hydrocarbons which have been identified and confirmed by synthesis and comparative mass spectral analyses as 13-methylheptacosane, 13,15-dimethylheptacosane, 3-methylheptacosane, and 3,9-dimethylheptacosane. When microgram quantitites of the natural alkanes on filter paper were placed in colonies of ants, the ants clustered on the paper about the sample and proceeded to masticate the paper in the area containing the alkanes.
Perfusion deficits with retrograde warm blood cardioplegia.

Abstract Prior studies of cold retrograde cardioplegia have demonstrated the existence of regional deficits in perfusate delivery. To address the hypothesis that these deficits persist with the use of warm perfusate, cardioplegic arrest was induced in 7 swine hearts with retrograde warm blood cardioplegia. Regional perfusion was assessed with the simultaneous infusion of colored 10-μm microspheres. The percentage microsphere recovery (regional microsphere count/total number of microspheres counted × 100) was greatest in the anterior (43% ± 4%) and lateral (35% ± 6%) left ventricle. The microsphere recoveries in the posterior left ventricle (7% ± 1%) and anterior septum (14% ± 4%) were intermediate, and were statistically lower than those in the anterior left ventricle ( p p
Toward End-User Debugging of Machine-Learned Classifiers

Many machine-learning algorithms learn rules of behavior from individual end users, such as task-oriented desktop organizers and handwriting recognizers. These rules form a generated “program” tailored specifically to the behaviors of that end user, telling the computer what to do when future inputs arrive. Researchers, however, have only recently begun to explore how an end user can debug these programs when they make mistakes. We present our progress toward enabling end users to test and debug learned programs so that everyone can benefit from intelligent programs adapted to their specific tasks and situations.
The use of psychotherapy treatment manuals: A small revolution in psychotherapy research style

Abstract In the space of just the last few years it has become a virtual research requirement to incorporate manuals in comparative psychotherapy studies. Such manuals serve to guide the training of the therapists and then the measurement of their conformity to the intended treatments. A short history of this small revolution is provided. It is followed by a review of the findings of comparative treatment studies which were manual guided versus nonmanual guided. While many of the expected differences among conceptually different treatments appear with both approaches, with manual guided studies it tends to be easier to do exact comparisons. A study comparing manual guided versus nonmanual guided treatments should be the logical next step.
Selective involvement of the auditory-verbal modality in an acquired communication disorder: benefit from sign language therapy.

Abstract A 39-year-old female suffered bitemporal infarctions and exhibited an unusual behavioral syndrome of muteness and impaired auditory comprehension, with milder aphasic deficits in reading and writing. The anatomic basis of this modality-selective communication disorder appeared to involve both peripheral perceptual and motor as well as “central” language mechanisms. The patient's ability to communicate was greatly aided by instruction in Amerind and Ameslan Sign Language, in which she learned more than 100 signs. Patients whose acquired language deficits spare modalities of input or output may be ideal candidates for sign language therapy.
Interoperability Test Methodology for ISO 18000-7 Active RFID

Standards are developed by highly reputed organizations with a genuine intention that the document acts as a reference requirement and specification record for all manufacturers, and in this process the consumer is presented with a list of conforming products that are all interoperable. Active RFID tags and readers are designed with commercial intent by different manufacturers according to the ISO 18000-7 standard. Through intensive research and tests, it has come to our attention that it is possible to design two active RFID systems that in their entirety conform to the ISO 18000-7 standard and yet be not interoperable with each other. From this statement it can be inferred that conformance is not the sufficient condition for interoperability as is popularly believed, but only the necessary or minimum condition to satisfy interoperability. Therefore apart from preliminary conformance testing, it becomes absolutely essential to include additional and supplemental interoperability tests into the verification process of the production cycle. This research primarily establishes the requirement for interoperability testing giving instances where the standard fails to insure interoperable products. The traditional method to test interoperability currently in practice are investigated and their limitations are exposed. Further this research paper introduces an innovative and ingenious methodology to test active RFID systems for interoperability at the physical layer.
Play Therapy Instruction: A Model Based On Objectives Developed by the Delphi Technique

The purpose of this study was to determine the core skills/methods and practicum experiences play therapy experts and professors believe to be essential in the education of the beginning play therapist in the specific areas of theory and history, terms, organizations, authors who have contributed to the field, methods, skills, training in special populations, practicum experience, and advanced skills. Two questionnaires were used to obtain opinions from play therapy experts and play therapy instructors. The first questionnaire was sent to twelve play therapy experts to obtain their opinions on the core curriculum and experiences necessary for training a play therapist in an introductory play therapy class, practicum experience, and advanced play therapy training. Frequencies and means were obtained and used to delete and add items for Questionnaire II. Questionnaire II was sent to 180 play therapy professors. Fifty play therapy professors returned the instrument. The ratings on Questionnaire II given by the professors were used to provide curriculum guidelines for developing a play therapy program. This program includes an introduction to play therapy course, play therapy practicum experiences, and advanced skills and advanced practicum experiences.
A variable reduced mass model for quasi-linear molecules with application to HSiBr

Abstract A Hamiltonian for large amplitude bending and K -type rotation of triatomic molecules is introduced. The complete dependence of the kinetic energy on the bending angle is included. The Hamiltonian contains terms in addition to the usual two-dimensional harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian with a potential barrier. Calculations show that these large amplitude terms have a significant effect on higher rotational energy levels. The bending potential function for an upper electronic state of the HSiBr radical has been determined by comparing experimental rotation-vibration energy levels with those calculated using this Hamiltonian.
Community‐Based Foreign Language Teaching in Washington1

There is an unmistakable, perhaps revealing, consistency to a phenomenon that emerges from this survey: critical reviews tended to find exciting and alive those productions of the classics staged by the German theatrical groups that visited here; on the other hand, critical reviews, sometimes by the same newspaper drama critics, found the very same plays in English translation or adaptation disappointing, aged, dull, a ghost of the past requiring burial. Sharply contrastive comments were elicited by the stage presentation of the adaptation of Don Carlos and by the German production of the same work by West Berlin's SchillerTheater. Likewise there were highly contrastive is an unmistakable, perhaps revealing, i te cy to a phenomenon that emerges from rvey: critical reviews tended to find i and alive those productions of the i s staged by the German theatrical groups isited here; on the other hand, critical re, so etimes by the same newspa er drama s, found the very same plays in English lation or adaptation disap ointing, aged, host of the past requiring burial. l contrastive comments were licited by a e presentation of the adapta ion of arlos and by the German production of comments, on productions just two weeks apart, regarding Sydney Walker's Nathan and that of the Duesseldorfer Schauspielhaus. The same phenomenon is revealed when comparing the criticism of Faust. This phenomenon surely invites a closer study of both the adaptations being selected in this country as well as the kind of performances they are being given. American critics have shown themselves capable of appreciating German classical drama even when evaluated with the distracting aid of electronic translating devices. The general treatment of German classical drama by translators, adapters, producers, and performers surely warrants detailed investigation.
Matrix-Shape Approach to Elastic Scattering

The theory and application of the matrix-shape (MS) approach is investigated for elastic scattering. Various aspects of the method, such as the choice of appropriate variables, the choice of basis-set functions as representations of the $T$ matrix, and the use of a MS fit to the potential matrix that allows $V{G}_{0}^{+}T$-type integrals to be performed analytically, are considered. The method is applied to three-dimensional elastic scattering to ascertain if, on this widely studied problem, the MS approach can in fact produce the essential physics. Numerical calculations are presented to illustrate that reasonable results can be achieved. The numerical results were obtained using two special cases of the method of weighted residuals, which can be used with the MS approach to solve the Lippmann---Schwinger equation for $T$. The use of the MS approach in conjunction with variational principles is also discussed.
The Effect of Periodic Unsteady Flow on Aerodynamics and Heat Transfer on a Curved Surface

Aerodynamic and heat transfer investigations were performed on a constant curvature curved plate in a subsonic wind tunnel facility for various wake passing frequencies under zero pressure gradient conditions. Steady and unsteady boundary layer transition measurements were taken on the concave surface at different wake passing frequencies in which a rotating squirrel cage was used to generate the unsteady wake flow. The data were analyzed using time-averaged and ensemble averaged techniques to provide insight into the growth of the boundary layer and transition. Ensemble averaged turbulence intensity contours in the temporal spatial domain showed that transition was induced for increasing wake passing frequency and structure. The local heat transfer coefficient distributions for the concave and convex surfaces were determined for each wake passing frequency using a liquid crystal heat transfer measurement technique. Aerodynamic and heat transfer investigations showed that higher wake passing frequencies caused earlier transition on the concave surface. Local Stanton numbers were calculated on the concave surface and compared to Stanton numbers predicted using a boundary layer and heat transfer calculation method
Aspect-oriented Modeling of Attacks in Automotive Cyber-Physical Systems

This paper introduces aspect-oriented modeling (AOM) as a powerful, model-based design technique to assess the security of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Particularly in safety-critical CPS such as automotive control systems, the protection against malicious design and interaction faults is paramount to guaranteeing correctness and reliable operation. Essentially, attack models are associated with the CPS in an aspect-oriented manner to evaluate the system under attack. This modeling technique requires minimal changes to the model of the CPS. Using application-specific metrics, the designer can gain insights into the behavior of the CPS under attack.
Innovation, Creativity, and Meaning: Leading in the Information Age

Today's fast paced global environment requires information professionals to be leaders keeping pace with user needs. Two academic research libraries share their work seeking to ensure and leverage the creativity in their organizations focusing on the most meaningful innovative opportunities. The premise is that usefulness and appropriateness is achieved through strategic alignment, thereby opening the door of opportunity for innovative products and services. The ability to seize the opportunity each group seeks to meet is due to the recognition by the organization of that alignment. And so, organizational perception, awareness, and value all affect the successful implementation of creativity. The products and services presented in this article, Harvard's Baker Library Historical Collections Online and Purdue University's career wiki, stem from organizational alignment, and the work of the leadership teams to influence perception, create awareness, and demonstrate value.
Simplified Two-Dimensional Quantification of the Grown-in Microdefect Distributions in Czochralski Grown Silicon Crystals

A computationally efﬁcient model to quantify the microdefect distributions in Czochralski grown silicon crystals is proposed andnumerically solved. All microdefects are approximated as spherical clusters. The novelty of the proposed model centers on asimpliﬁed treatment of the population of the clusters at any location; the average radius of the clusters in the population isapproximated by the square root of the average of the squared radii of all clusters. The formation of the clusters is described bythe classical nucleation theory. The growth of the clusters at any location is quantiﬁed by an auxiliary variable proportional to thetotal surface area of the clusters present at the location. A comparison between the predictions of the novel model with both atraditional model treating the size distribution of the clusters in the actual cluster population and the experimental observationsvalidate the novel model.© 2005 The Electrochemical Society. DOI: 10.1149/1.2001447 All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted December 8, 2004; revised manuscript received March 11, 2005. Available electronically August 25, 2005.
Gap junctional intercellular communication in mouse lung epithelial cell lines: effects of cell transformation and tumor promoters.

Abstract Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is reduced by neoplastic transformation and treatment with tumor promoters in many types of cells but few data exist for the lung. GJIC was therefore evaluated in non-transformed (C10) and transformed (E9, 82–132, and PCC4) mouse lung epithelial cell lines and in C10 cells treated with tumor promoters. GJIC was assessed by fluorescent dye microinjection (dye-coupling). Dye-coupling levels were highest in C10 cells (85–90% communicating cells) followed by 82–132 cells (40–50%), E9 cells (15–20%), and PCC4 cells (3–10%). Indirect immunofluorescent staining with anti-gap junction protein (connexin) antibodies revealed that C10 cells expressed gap junctions comprised of connexin43, but not connexin32 or connexin26. The tumor promoters, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and p,p′ -dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), inhibited dyecoupling in C10 cells but phenobarbital (PB) did not. BHT promotes mouse lung tumor formation, PB does not, while the effects of TPA and DDT on lung tumor development have not been reported. These data indicate that cell transformation and certain tumor promoters reduce GJIC in mouse lung epithelial cells and demonstrate correlations between the in vitro inhibition of GJIC and lung tumor promotion.
Pelletizing steel mill desulfurization slag

Abstract Hot metal desulfurization slag is a high-metallic iron content slag produced at a typical steelmaking facility and is currently considered waste. Each year, 50,000 tons of this slag is produced at one particular steelmaking plant. This material can be beneficiated so that it can be utilized as blast furnace feed, but it is necessary to first develop a process for agglomerating it into pellets. A beneficiated slag concentrate was both conventional bentonite binder and a new fly ash-based binder (FBB) that was formulated by the investigators. The FBB used a high-carbon fly ash that is currently landfilled as waste. In addition to fly ash, FBB contained calcium hydroxide as an activator that also acts as flux known to improve the pellet's reducibility characteristics. The desulfurization slag concentrate pellets bonded with the FBB had superior dry compressive strengths compared to the bentonite-bonded pellets.
Strabismus comes into focus

At least one member of the Frizzled (Fz) family of receptors, together with the downstream signalling protein Dishevelled, participates in several distinct, yet closely related signal transduction pathways. Activation of the correct signal transduction pathway is critical. Here, a new study suggests that the transmembrane protein Strabismus participates in this decision.
Effect of genotype on rooting of hypocotyls and in vitro-produced shoots of Pinus radiata

Significant genotypic variation at both the family and clone-within-family levels was seen for hypocotyl rooting and the rooting of adventitious shoots produced in vitro for Pinus radiata D. Don. High rooting frequencies for hypocotyls were obtained in the absence of exogenous auxin; auxin greatly stimulated the rooting of adventitious shoots. No correlation was seen between the rooting of hypocotyls and shoots; families whose hypocotyls rooted at high frequencies did not necessarily produce shoots that rooted at high frequency. No correlation was seen between adventitious shoot production and subsequent rooting at either the family or clone level. The lack of a negative correlation indicated that selecting families or clones for high levels of shoot production will not automatically select for low rooting ability, obviating a possible bottleneck for commercial propagation of Pinus radiata. Significant family by replication interaction suggests that rooting protocols could be optimized through manipulations of the rooting environment for each family.
Studies on the specificity of preribosomal RNA transcription in nucleoli after selective deproteinization

Fidelity of preribosomal RNA transcription in vitro was studied after selective deproteinization of nucleoli using either sequential salt extraction or sodium deoxycholate treatment. Homochromatography fingerprinting and identification of marker oligonucleotides from a T1 ribonuclease digest of the transcripts were used to evaluate the RNA products. These studies indicated that: (1) nucleoli retained their endogenous RNA polymerase I activity and the specificity of transcription up to 0.6 M NaCl extraction; (2) exogenous RNA polymerase I transcribed nucleolar chromatin only after 1.0 M NaCl extraction and the transcription pattern, like that of totally deproteinized DNA, was completely random; (3) extraction of nucleoli with deoxycholate resulted in a DNP complex in which the endogenous RNA polymerase I transcribed pre-rRNA specifically; however, it also initiated random transcription, producing a "mixed" fingerprint pattern on the homochromatogram. The random transcription was selectively inhibited either by deoxycholate or rifampicin AF/013. These studies indicate that the selectivity of pre-rRNA transcription is due both to the endogenous RNA polymerase I molecules that were involved in transcription in vivo and are tightly bound to the template and to factors in intact nucleoli which prevent random transcription by the released RNA polymerase I molecules.
Evidence-Based Teaching in Higher Education: Application to Counselor Education

The authors examined best practices in university-level teaching, as premised on the evidence-based teaching (EBT) literature found in fields external to counselor education. Findings were reported in relation to 3 areas: developing an effective learning environment, structuring intentional learning experiences, and assessing teaching effectiveness. Implications regarding the training of doctoral-level counselor educators using EBT practices are discussed.