cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Two SAS-6 Homologs in Tetrahymena thermophila Have Distinct Functions in Basal Body Assembly

Cilia and flagella are structurally and functionally conserved organelles present in basal as well as higher eukaryotes. The assembly of cilia requires a microtubule based scaffold called a basal b...
Technologies and approaches to elucidate and model the virulence program of salmonella.

Salmonella is a primary cause of enteric diseases in a variety of animals. During its evolution into a pathogenic bacterium, Salmonella acquired an elaborate regulatory network that responds to multiple environmental stimuli within host animals and integrates them resulting in fine regulation of the virulence program. The coordinated action by this regulatory network involves numerous virulence regulators, necessitating genome-wide profiling analysis to assess and combine efforts from multiple regulons. In this review we discuss recent high-throughput analytic approaches used to understand the regulatory network of Salmonella that controls virulence processes. Application of high-throughput analyses have generated large amounts of data and necessitated the development of computational approaches for data integration. Therefore, we also cover computer-aided network analyses to infer regulatory networks, and demonstrate how genome-scale data can be used to construct regulatory and metabolic systems models of Salmonella pathogenesis. Genes that are coordinately controlled by multiple virulence regulators under infectious conditions are more likely to be important for pathogenesis. Thus, reconstructing the global regulatory network during infection or, at the very least, under conditions that mimic the host cellular environment not only provides a bird’s eye view of Salmonella survival strategy in response to hostile host environments but also serves as an efficient means to identify novel virulence factors that are essential for Salmonella to accomplish systemic infection in the host.
Administrative Privatization and Employment Outcomes in the Implementation of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families

Background:Welfare reform in the 1990s encouraged states and localities to contract out cash assistance services to for-profit and nonprofit firms operating within the private sector. Although priv...
The investigation of nanostructures of magnetic recording media by TEM

Abstract Diverse applications of transmission electron microscopy techniques used in investigating the nanostructures of magnetic recording materials are presented. Specimen preparation methods are discussed for the specific case of magnetic thin film recording media. Investigations of the crystallographic orientation, grain size and distribution, and interfacial nanostructures are presented.
When Effort Is Enjoyed: Two Studies of Intrinsic Motivation for Personally Salient Activities

Distinctions between two philosophical conceptions of happiness, hedonism and eudaimonism, were applied to the study of intrinsic motivation. Modified versions of the Personally Expressive Activities Questionnaire (PEAQ) were used in two studies to contrast activities, all of which were enjoyed, but which differed in the level of effort involved. In Study 1, 173 college students were free to choose any type of activity that met the selection criteria. In Study 2, the activities chosen by 95 undergraduates were limited to activities associated with a particular leisure time or hobby activity in which the respondents engaged on a regular basis. Consistent results across the two studies indicate that High Effort–Liked activities, in comparison to Low Effort–Liked activities, were associated with greater interest, flow, and feelings of personal expressiveness, greater perceived competence, and higher scores for both self-realization values and importance. These differences are discussed for their implications for the conceptual understanding of intrinsic motivation.
The development of hemochromatosis following portacaval anastomosis.

Summary A case is reported of posthepatitic cirrhosis in which, for poorly understood reasons, the clinical and pathologic characteristics of hemochromatosis developed within 3 1/2 years of a portacaval anastomosis. Additional experience with 3 other cases is briefly presented.
Presentation and management of post-allogeneic transplantation EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms occurring as a result of immunosuppression following both solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). PTLD have a variety of presentations and only recently have been described to present as an isolated EBV-associated mucocutaneous ulceration (MCU). To our knowledge, only one case of PTLD manifesting as EBV+ MCU has been reported following HCT.1 Here we report a second case and provide diagnostic consideration and management recommendations.
Melt Blowing Dies with Louvers

A slot die is the most common type of spinning device used to make melt blown fibers. A pair of louvers was installed in the air flow field of a melt blowing die. Air velocity measurements were taken in the presence of the louvers and in the absence of the louvers. In some experiments, the louvers were parallel with the airflow. In other experiments, the louvers were angled relative to the airflow at angles up to 6°. If higher air velocities can be achieved with louvers, then the melt blowing process can be improved.
Decreased content of protein 4.2 in ankyrin-deficient normoblastosis (nb/nb) mouse red blood cells: evidence for ankyrin enhancement of protein 4.2 membrane binding

Homozygous normoblastosis (nb/nb) mice, whose red blood cell (RBC) membranes are nearly completely deficient in full-length 210-kD ankyrin, were used to study interactions between ankyrin and protein 4.2 (P4.2). Although it is unclear whether or not these proteins interact in the membrane, both ankyrin and P4.2 bind to the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 (cdb3). In addition to the complete deficiency of full- length ankyrin, nb/nb RBC membranes are also partially spectrin deficient, resulting in morphologically spherocytic and mechanically fragile cells. A new finding was that nb/nb RBC membranes are severely (approximately 73%) P4.2 deficient compared with wild type (+/+) or high reticulocyte mouse RBC membranes. Metabolic labeling of nb/nb reticulocytes showed active P4.2 synthesis at levels comparable with high reticulocyte controls suggesting that the nb/nb P4.2 deficiency was not the result of defective P4.2 synthesis. Reconstitution of nb/nb inside-out vesicles (IOVs) with human RBC ankyrin restored ankyrin levels to approximately 80% of +/+ IOV levels and increased binding of exogenously added human RBC P4.2 by approximately 60%. These results suggest that ankyrin is required for normal associations of P4.2 with the RBC membrane.
Did Employers in the United States Back Away from Skills Training during the Early 2000s

A number of recent studies suggest that employer-paid training is on the decline in the United States. The present study provides empirical evidence on the issue by analyzing data on employer-paid ...
The effect of nonpatterned sensory deprivation on visual recognition thresholds

A group of 18 college students underwent 50 min. of nonpatterned sensory deprivation after which they were asked to identify four letter nouns given them at various exposure times. It was found that this group could recognize significantly more words at a faster exposure time than could a similar group not exposed to deprivation. It was concluded that the period of deprivation worked to increase the perceptual acuity of the deprived group.
Components of Perceived Risk: A Reconciliation of Previous Findings:

People's perceptions of the risk associated with a product, in large measure, determines the degree of caution they will exhibit with regard to that product. Previous attempts to examine risk and to determine what factors are important in the composition of risk have produced disparate findings. Specifically, some studies have demonstrated that likelihood of injury plays an important role in risk perceptions (e.g., Slovic, Fischhoff & Lichtenstein, 1980), and other research shows that severity of potential injury plays the foremost role (e.g., Wogalter, Desaulniers & Brelsford, 1986; 1987). It was not until risk was conceived of in multidimensional terms that a coherent picture of risk seemed possible. The present study uses principal components analysis (PCA) to see if stable multidimensional solutions could be extracted from two qualitatively (and significandy) different item lists (as demonstrated by Young, Wogalter & Brelsford, 1992). Two sets of subjects rated the two different item lists on the same...
P2-S4.06 Knowledge of HSV-2 serostatus in asymptomatic adults may result in change in sexual behaviour and possible risk reduction

Background HSV-2 is the main cause of genital ulcer disease worldwide. It is frequently under- recognised because it is often clinically silent. Serologic testing for HSV antibody reliably identifies individuals infected with HSV-2. There is little literature investigating whether serologic screening of asymptomatic patients changes sexual behaviour and risk reduction. Methods Patients >18 yrs old who came to an urban STD clinic in Brooklyn with no previous history of HSV or HIV, no genital ulcer at initial visit, and sexually active in the preceding 3–6 months were administered a questionnaire. HSV1/2 IgG testing using HerpesSelect (Becton Dickinson and Company in Sparks MD) was used and patients were told about the results after 1 week. Participants were educated regarding natural history of HSV and asked to come back after 3 months to complete a follow-up questionnaire. Changes in sexual behaviour including number of sexual partner, condom use and psychological stress were the primary outcome of interest of this study. Results A total of 193 eligible participants were included for analysis and follow-up is available for 101(51%). There was no significant difference among baseline characteristics (age, gender, no. of sexual partners) among participants. Majority of participants were heterosexuals (95.8%) and black immigrants (92.3%). The seroprevalence of HSV2 IgG was 35%. More women were HSV + (67%) and more HSV + participants reported having non-steady partners (p 0.027). When analysing change (from baseline to follow-up), there was a significant decrease in number of non-steady partners among HSV + and HSV—participants (p 0.004 and p 0.0049 respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of condom use between HSV + and HSV—participants (p=0.448 and p=0.91). Discussion: There was a significant decrease in the number of non-steady partners after knowing HSV status among both HSV+ and HSV- participants but no change in frequency of condom use. This finding is important because this suggests that knowledge of HSV status may impact sexual behaviour that can potentially reduce risk of transmission. However, both groups had a significant change in the number of non-steady partners regardless of HSV results, which may suggest that being tested for HSV-2 is enough to alter certain risky sexual behaviours. This can be potentially useful to patients visiting STD clinics for screening.
The Problems of the Rite Education in Vocational Schools

The rite education is an importance of the spiritual civilization construction of the school to constitute the part,the senior high vocational school college rite education also appears some demands to consider in develop process and need the problem for resolve.This text combines the senior high vocational school education characteristics and the rite educations to practice,discussing a few problems that the senior high vocational school rite education should notice.
Introduction and Utilization of INGER Rice Germplasm in Heilongjiang

Heilongjiang Rice Research Institute(HljRRI)had taken part in INGER collaboration since 2000.In japonica rice ecology region at high latitude(43°32′~53°34′N),594 INGER entriesthe of IRBN,IRTON and IRCTN were evaluated.The result showed that there were 116 entries with high resistance to rice blast disease,4 with high yield potential,and 11 ones with high cold tolerance.Based on this investigation,INGER materials enrich rice germplasm for high yield,tolerance and blast resistance in cold region in high latitute,supporting japonica rice breeding.
Electrical Hazards in Hospitals

Few hospitals have a safe electric distribution system; overloading is the common characteristic. Unplanned expansion, obsolescence, supplementary services, and inadequate or casual grounding all contribute to the risks encountered by patients and personnel. Yet almost all electrical accidents are preventable. Dr. Walter outlines how protection can be achieved against both macro- and microshock.
Steps on the Alport path to proteinuria.

Using a mouse model of Alport disease, Dufek et al. report that endothelial cell-derived endothelin-1 activates mesangial cells, which deposit abnormal laminin isoforms in the Alport glomerular basement membrane. This study extends findings obtained previously by this laboratory implicating mesangial cells in the early pathogenesis of Alport disease. Together with abnormalities in matrix receptor expression, cytoskeletal architecture, and proteinase secretion in podocytes, a clearer picture is emerging on the inception of proteinuria in Alport disease.
Accelerated Computational Analysis of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Oxidation Catalysis

High-spin iron(IV)–oxo compounds are known to activate strong C–H bonds. Stabilizing the high-spin S = 2 electronic configuration is difficult in molecular species for homogeneous catalysis, but recent experimental and computational results suggest this can be achieved in the metal–organic framework Fe2(dobdc) (dobdc4– = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) and its magnesium-diluted analogues. With a novel computational screening approach, we have identified three additional frameworks that are predicted to form high-spin iron(IV)–oxo species upon dissociative adsorption of nitrous oxide. The computational work is supported by follow-up experiments which show that, among these three materials, Fe-BTT (BTT3– = 1,3,5-benzenetristetrazolate) selectively oxidizes ethane to ethanol at 120 °C. Subsequent spectroscopic and cycling studies suggest that framework defects, rather than the bulk framework or extraframework sites, are likely responsible for the observed reactivity. This work shows how computational m...
Audit Firm Perspective on Audit Firm Rotation and Enhancing Independence: Evidence from PCAOB Comment Letters

SUMMARY: This study examines practitioners' perspectives on audit firm rotation and alternative solutions to enhance independence in the audit industry as solicited by the PCAOB's “Concept Release on Audit Firm Rotation and Auditor Independence.” Accordingly, we synthesize the opinions found in comment letters of 15 American public accounting firms—eight of which are annually inspected by the PCAOB and seven of which are inspected tri-annually. Altogether, we find the firms generally offer homogenous rationale for opposition to audit firm rotation. However, most importantly, we note that the overwhelming majority of the alternative solutions offered by the firms to enhance the independence relationship between auditor and client lies with fortifying the audit committee. To that end, while regulators have generally attempted to strengthen independence by introducing regulation at the auditor level, our review indicates that perhaps a shift in regulatory philosophy is warranted—one that suggests progressing...
Ideology in Modern Times: Three Ideological Lies Behind Universal Human Rights

Originally formulated by Francois Fukuyama, today’s views of the end of ideology and final domination of liberal democracy appear to be both inadequate and naive in regard to the current political situation. The main aim of this paper is to investigate whether modern times may truly be described as post-ideological and post-political and if no, why that is. The material for this study, the concept of human rights, a crucial foundation of liberal democracies, will serve as a reference. To be able to achieve this goal, I will try to reconstruct two famous concepts of ideology present in the literature from the twentieth century. Slavoj Žižek’s critique on Marx’s view on ideology will serve as a starting point to these reflections. I will the show how the two opposing views on ideology are epitomized in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-four. To be able to conduct a comprehensive analysis of universal human rights, I will need to bring in my papers term of the political by Chantal Mouffe. Moving to human rights, the hypothesis that I will try to prove is that in ‘universal human rights’, there are at least as many lies as there are words from which this term is derived. This will lead to the conclusion that human rights prove that our times are, on the one hand, highly ideological and, on the other, post-political.
Zero-power sensors with near-zero-power wakeup switches for reliable sensor platforms

The near zero-power sensor node solution is presented with piezoelectric sensors and DC tunable threshold electrostatic switches. A sensor suite measuring acceleration, rotation, and magnetic field based on PZT lateral bimorphs is used with NEMS switches for the detection of a desired signal pattern and generating a wake up trigger. The sensors are capable of detecting physical signals from 5 Hz to 1.5 kHz, with sourcing load capacitances as high as 200 pF. The sensor sensitivities achieved are: 0.1 V/g for the accelerometer, 31 mV/Gauss for the magnetic field, and 0.31 mV/(°/s) for rotation. NEMS switches, with threshold voltages in the mV to 15V range, can combine multiple sensor outputs through multi-gate actuation to detect desired event specific features. Using the sensors, we demonstrate the detection of a portable electrical generator in its different operational modes (On/Off state and the Eco mode).
Propositions, The "Tractatus", and "The Single Great Problem of Philosophy"

El proyecto de Wittgenstein en el Tractatus consistia en reemplazar las proposiciones de Frege y Russell con una nueva concepcion que capturara la esencia del pensamiento y el lenguaje representacionales. Segun creia, esta era la unica tarea real de la filosofia. Argumento aqui que su explicacion de las proposiciones atomicas fue una implementacion incompleta de intuiciones valiosas, que, si hubieran sido ligeramente revisadas, podrian haberse extendido a todas las proposiciones tractarianas. Si Wittgenstein hubiera seguido este camino, habria hecho descubrimientos en el estudio del lenguaje y la mente que apenas empiezan a emerger hoy en dia. Sin embargo, hacerlos habria implicado quitarle al Tractatus sus pretensiones de reconstruir de manera fundamental la filosofia
The infectious disease epidemiologic triangle of bovine uterine diseases

Postpartum uterine diseases are important for animal welfare and economic reasons, causing cow discomfort, elimination from the herd and impaired reproductive performance. Metritis is characterized as an abnormally enlarged uterus and a fetid, watery, redbrown uterine discharge within 21 days after parturition. Endometritis is defined as inflammation of the endometrium after 21 days postpartum without systemic signs of illness, and can be considered the chronic stage of uterine inflammation. It has been reported that the metritis affects 10 to 20% of cows, and endometritis affects 5.3 to 52.6% of cows. Metritis affects the cow systemically, and has a negative impact on milk production and reproductive performance. Cows affected with endometritis are not systemically ill, and do not have their milk production altered; however, they have impaired reproductive performance. Metritis and endometritis are complex multifactorial diseases, and a wide range of factors contributes to their occurrence. They are often associated with mixed bacterial infection of the uterus, and the major pathogens associated with uterine diseases are Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Events during the transition period related to negative energy balance and metabolic imbalance, mineral deficiencies, leading to immunosuppression are of great important during establishment of intrauterine bacterial infections. This, combined with endometrium trauma events during parturition (such as calving related problems), and environmental factors (poor hygiene at calving, housing type and calving season), increases the risk of metritis and endometritis.
Beyond custodial care: Mediating choice and participation for adults with intellectual disabilities

ABSTRACTOccupational scientists posit that choosing and participating in occupation contributes to overall health and well-being. Yet institutionalized adults with intellectual disabilities (ID), a disability community with a long history of enduring grave injustices, continue to face barriers to self-determined participation. This paper draws on data from an institutional ethnographic study aimed to make visible the inter-relational ways national, state, and local policies mediate the possibilities to choose and participate in occupations for adults with ID. To explore the impact of state-mandated policies, data were collected in an intermediate care facility. Participants included seven adults diagnosed with profound ID and eight staff members. Participant observation, ethnographic interviews, and organizational texts (e.g., national and state mandates, and policies and procedures) were the main sources of data. Conceptual mapping was employed as an analytic process to connect participants’ narratives b...
Through-Space Activation Can Override Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) represents one of the most important classes of reactions in all of chemistry. One of the “iron laws” of EAS is that an electron-rich aromatic ring will react more rapidly than an electron-poor ring with suitable electrophiles. In this report, we present unique examples of electron-deficient arenes instead undergoing preferential substitution in intramolecular competition with more electron-rich rings. These results were made possible by exploiting the heretofore unknown propensity of a hydrogen-bonding OH–arene interaction to switch to the alternative HO–arene interaction in order to provide activation. In an extreme case, this through-space HO–arene activation is demonstrated to overcome the deactivating effect of a trifluoromethyl substituent, making an otherwise highly electron-deficient ring the site of exclusive reactivity in competition experiments. Additionally, the HO–arene activation promotes tetrabromination of an increasingly more electron-deficient ar...
Predicting DRAM reliability in the field with machine learning

Uncorrectable errors in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) are a common form of hardware failure in server clusters. Failures are costly both in terms of hardware replacement costs and service disruption. While a large body of work exists on analyzing DRAM reliability in large production clusters, little has been reported on the automatic prediction of such errors ahead of time. In this paper, we present a highly accurate predictive model, based on daily event logs and sensor measurements, in a large fleet of commodity servers going back to 2014. By correlating correctable errors with sensor metrics, we can use ensemble machine learning techniques to predict uncorrectable errors weeks in advance.In addition, we show how such models can be applied in the wild and consumed by customer support teams. Our goal is to minimize false positives, as healthy DRAMs should not be replaced, while accounting for common limitations, such as missing data points and rare occurences of uncorrectable errors.
Abstract 091: High Salt Promotes Conversion of Human Monocytes Into Dendritic Cells via Formation of Immunogenic Isoketals

High salt intake and inflammation are implicated in the genesis of hypertension. Recently it has become clear that sodium can accumulate in the interstitial space in concentrations exceeding that of the plasma, and that these high salt (HS) concentrations can be pro-inflammatory. Our laboratory recently published a new pathway in which increased oxidative stress in dendritic cells (DCs) leads to formation of isoketal-modified proteins which act as neo-antigens to activate T cells. We hypothesized that increasing sodium chloride (NaCl) in excess activates antigen presenting cells via formation of immunogenic isoketals. We exposed monocytes from human volunteers to normal physiological NaCl (NS: 150 mM/L), elevated NaCl concentrations (HS: 190 mM/L), or an equiosmoloar concentration of mannitol. We found that exposure of human monocytes to high salt, but not mannitol, caused a 2-fold increase in formation of isoketal-modified proteins. This was associated with an increase in activation marker CD86 (NS: 466 ± 192 vs HS: 596 ± 324 MFI p
Automobility and site ontological analysis

Many scholars of mobility employ the concepts of assemblage, practice and intensive force. This paper argues that site ontological analysis is a productive way to understand the ways these phenomen...
Psychiatric Correlates of the B-Mitten EEG Pattern

Although the B-Mitten EEG wave form was described more than 60 years ago, it failed to attract significant attention from within either psychiatry or clinical neurology. There are three basic reasons for this. First, like many other controversial paroxysmal discharges described over the years, the Mitten wave form failed to display a clear relationship to neurological disease. Second, the behavioral correlates which came to be postulated for this EEG finding were of insufficient specificity for use in psychiatric diagnoses. Third, the B-Mitten pattern can only be recorded with a monopolar referential montage during relatively deep sleep stages. Most EEG laboratories do not record long enough to reach the sleep stages much beyond drowsiness and stages one and two.
Neuropsychological prediction of treatment response and outcome in schizophrenia

Despite decades of experience using antipsychotic medications, we still have a very limited capacity to predict who among our patients will benefit, how much they will benefit, and the extent to which they are likely to suffer disabling side effects from treatment. The contributions to this volume reflect increasing insight into a range of factors that may influence treatment response and outcome, but it is ironic that we can repeat the lament of Philip May and his colleagues in that the situation today has advanced little since 1964 (May 1966, May et al. 1976). Investigators continue to comment that the best predictor of antipsychotic treatment response is a prior history of response to the same treatment (May and Goldberg 1978, Awad 1989). In the era when only “typical” neuroleptic treatments were available, this lack of predictive power may have made less difference to clinicians, but the rapid development of new antipsychotic agents prompts a need to enhance our capacity to predict who will benefit, and who may be at increased risk from different treatments. One goal for current research is determining how neuropsychological (NP) methods may help both in the prediction and the definition of outcome. The key advantages of neuropsychology in these contexts include: (a) the possibility that NP methods may distinguish reliably between reversible state effects and more persistent trait effects; and (b) the possibility that NP methods may offer more valid indices of integrity or compromise within the specific functional brain systems that are the targets of antipsychotic drug treatments. To the extent that NP indices of specific neuropsychopharmacologic system functions can be validated, there are new opportunities to develop targeted treatment strategies, which could include rational selection of treatments based on NP profiles, and titration of ongoing treatments using changes in NP function as the key dependent measures.
Molecular Bases for Virulence and Avirulence of Fungal Wilt Pathogens

Virulence expression by fungal wilt pathogens is an interesting phenomenon. Compared with many other pathogens, fungal wilt pathogens are, at best, weakly virulent. Wilt pathogens do not vigorously invade healthy host tissue. Once within the xylem of susceptible plants, probably after entering through a wound, their colonization is limited to the water-conducting vessels of the plant. Only when the host succumbs to pathogen-induced water stress are the wilt pathogens able to colonize other host tissues. Thus, although fungal wilt pathogens cause some of the most devastating plant diseases, they have a limited ability to directly damage plant cells. They damage the plant by colonizing the water-conducting vessels of the plant, and in the process, affect the plant’s water status.
Organizing the Concept of Organism at the Elementary School Level: A Case Study

Children’s conceptions of the human body grow from a self-centered to an objective view, from a holistic to an analytical approach, which leads to a more differentiated conception, but which ultimately is no longer able to account for the complexity of the organism. The ‘one part-one function’ view is very likely to result from structure-oriented textbook descriptions of independent body components which remain largely unchanged even in adults. The construction of a systemic view is a long-term process which can begin in the elementary school. Our observations bear on a case study based on a 4th grade class, and was aimed at documenting the processes activated by various contexts where different symbolic media were used by the children to build models and make their ideas explicit. Each context triggered different reasoning strategies for explaining the relationships among the body’s systems, and supported a range of negotiations among the children who had to assign meaning to the analogical constructions that they were producing. On the basis of these observations, the evolution of conceptualization in this area has been re-constructed. Rather than a dramatic restructuring of each concept, the data seems to demonstrate a diffuse change in important aspects of the mental ecology in which the concepts are embedded.
CHAPTER 21 – The Role of Platelets in Fibrinolysis

By convention, the process of fibrin formation and dissolution has long been conceptualized as three distinct pathways. The classification of separate intrinsic and extrinsic procoagulant pathways, together with the fibrinolytic pathway, provides a model for hemostasis and explains, from a biomolecular perspective, the complicated balance between clot formation and clot dissolution in vivo. More recently, however, there has been emphasis on the notion that “cross-talk” among these entities exists, underscoring the potential interrelatedness of all three pathways. Of the three pathways, the importance of fibrinolysis and its direct relationship to platelets has perhaps been underappreciated. New biomolecular components, linked to the regulation of fibrinolysis, have been identifi ed and may offer potential clues to understanding and predicting the platelet-mediated predisposition to thrombus formation (or suppressed thrombolysis).
Capture and Classification of Problems During CPOE Deployment in an Academic Pediatric Center

During a planned, rapid deployment of a modified commercial CPOE product to units at an academic pediatric center, problems from users and staff were collected and entered in text format on a commercially available online problem tracking system. Content analysis of 278 collected text reports collected over 3 weeks after the 24-hour rollout period revealed several themes: center-specific implementation problems (45%), transfer-handoff-collaboration problems (14%), missing product functionalities (11%), inadequate training (11%), hardware problems (5%), password problems (4%) and human error (2%). This analysis may prove helpful in future deployments of CPOE in pediatric clinical environments.
Flexible tree matching

Tree-matching problems arise in many computational domains. The literature provides several methods for creating correspondences between labeled trees; however, by definition, tree-matching algorithms rigidly preserve ancestry. That is, once two nodes have been placed in correspondence, their descendants must be matched as well. We introduce flexible tree matching, which relaxes this rigid requirement in favor of a tunable formulation in which the role of hierarchy can be controlled. We show that flexible tree matching is strongly NP-complete, give a stochastic approximation algorithm for the problem, and demonstrate how structured prediction techniques can learn the algorithm's parameters from a set of example matchings. Finally, we present results from applying the method to tasks in Web design.
“Le System”: A Unified Microsurgical Center

Fifteen years ago, vitrectomy instrumentation was quite simple. Gravity infusion and manual aspiration did not require complicated apparatus. The first vitrectomy machine’s (the VISC) cutting function was controlled by a single foot-switch (1). The microscope foot-pedal controls activated the fine focus and, in some instances, a motorized zoom magnification changing device. Although motorized automated vitreous scissors already existed, they were rarely used during vitreous surgery (2). Basically, the surgeon had two simple pedals at his disposal: one for the microscope and one for operating the vitreous cutter, hence one for each foot.
Sirt1 modulates immunoglobulin class switch DNA recombination and somatic hypermutation by regulating B lymphocyte Aicda expression through NF-kB deacetylation

Maturation of the antibody response entails Ig class switch DNA recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), which perfect the antigen-binding activity and diversify the effector functions of antibodies. By showing that HDAC inhibitors selective for class I/II HDACs dampened CSR and SHM by downregulating AID through upregulation of selected microRNAs that target Aicda , we have outlined an important role of these Zn-dependent HADCs in the modulation of the antibody response. Here we showed that Sirt1, one of the NAD + -dependent Class III HDACs or Sirtuins, also plays an important role in the regulation of B cell CSR and SHM. Sirt1 deletion in AID-expressing B cells of Aicda cre Sirt1 fl/fl mice, whose B cells contain the normal complement of Aicda genes together with a Cre gene under control of an extra Aicda promoter, led to increased class-switched and somatically mutated antibodies in response to NP-CGG, as a result of upregulated AID expression, without alteration of Prdm1 expression or plasma cell differentiation. Sirt1-deficient B cells hyperacetylated p65, thereby activating the canonical NF-kB pathway, which mediates Aicda activation, without changes in DNA methylation or histone acetylation of the Aicda promoter. This was mimicked by increased concentrations of glucose, which reduced the NAD + Sirt1 co-factor, leading to p65 hyperacetylation and Aicda upregulation in B cells. Conversely, treatment of B cells with NAD + or SRT1720, a potent Sirt1 activator, dampened Aicda expression. Thus, our findings outline an important B cell-intrinsic role of Sirt1 in the modulation of the antibody response.
Aging and Personhood in the Landscape of the Mega-Casino: Retirement at the Tables

The retirement of the Boomer generation constitutes the largest wave of retirements in US history. This article examines the ways in which mega-casinos as institutions have become new spaces of aging and important sites where the ideals of retirement can be played out. Based on thirty-two months of fieldwork at two of the US’s largest casinos, I argue that these facilities help older adults maintain their personhood by engaging them socially, mentally, and physically through the myriad services and amenities they offer. Dominating narratives informed by Western economic and medical trends call for ‘active aging,’ ‘productive aging,’ or ‘aging gracefully,’ and these related paradigms emphasize social engagement along with physical and cognitive activities as the keys to thriving in old age. The casino environment simultaneously challenges and facilitates these narratives, providing an age-diverse setting in which seniors can exercise, entertain family, acquire gifts, and earn status. Drawing on David Graeber’s (2001) framework for theorizing value, I assert that it is participation in the many activities of the casino, rather than the monetary wins and losses, that has constituted them as valuable places to sustain personhood and achieve the ideals of an ‘active’ or ‘successful’ retirement.
Correction to: Multi-scale model of effects of roughness on the cohesive strength of self-assembled monolayers

This article was published with an erroneous version of one of the author’s names. Please find on this page the correct version of the author’s names.
Single-molecule atomic force microscopy force spectroscopy study of Aβ-40 interactions

Misfolding and aggregation of amyloid β-40 (Aβ-40) peptide play key roles in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these molecular processes. We developed a novel experimental approach that can directly probe aggregation-prone states of proteins and their interactions. In this approach, the proteins are anchored to the surface of the atomic force microscopy substrate (mica) and the probe, and the interaction between anchored molecules is measured in the approach–retraction cycles. We used dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS) to measure the stability of transiently formed dimers. One of the major findings from DFS analysis of α-synuclein (α-Syn) is that dimeric complexes formed by misfolded α-Syn protein are very stable and dissociate over a range of seconds. This differs markedly from the dynamics of monomers, which occurs on a microsecond to nanosecond time scale. Here we applied the same approach to quantitatively characterize in...
Comparison of normal saline versus heparin flush solutions for maintaining patency of central venous catheter in cancer patients.

6501Background: Published guidelines recommend normal saline (NS) flushes for maintaining patency of central venous catheters (CVCs) in cancer patients. The practice at a large oncology ambulatory ...
RadStation: client-based digital dictation system and integrated clinical information display with an embedded Web-browser.

Abstract RadStation is a digital dictation system having an integrated display of clinical information. The three-tiered system architecture provides robust performance, with most information displayed within one second after a request. The multifunctional client tier is a unique client/browser hybrid. A Web browser display window functions as the client application's data display window for clinical information, radiology reports, and laboratory and pathology results. RadStation provides a robust platform for digital dictation functionality. The system's internal status checks ensure operational integrity in a clinical environment. Also, the programmable dictation microphone and bar-code reader supplant the mouse as the system's primary input device. By merging information queries into existing work flow, radiologist's interpretation efficiency is maintained with instant access to essential clinical information. Finally, RadStation requires minimal training and has been enthusiastically accepted by our radiologists in an active clinical practice.
The Retinoid and Non-Retinoid Ligands of the Rod Visual G Protein-Coupled Receptor

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a predominant role in the drug discovery effort. These cell surface receptors are activated by a variety of specific ligands that bind to the orthosteric binding pocket located in the extracellular part of the receptor. In addition, the potential binding sites located on the surface of the receptor enable their allosteric modulation with critical consequences for their function and pharmacology. For decades, drug discovery focused on targeting the GPCR orthosteric binding sites. However, finding that GPCRs can be modulated allosterically opened a new venue for developing novel pharmacological modulators with higher specificity. Alternatively, focus on discovering of non-retinoid small molecules beneficial in retinopathies associated with mutations in rhodopsin is currently a fast-growing pharmacological field. In this review, we summarize the accumulated knowledge on retinoid ligands and non-retinoid modulators of the light-sensing GPCR, rhodopsin and their potential in combating the specific vision-related pathologies. Also, recent findings reporting the potential of biologically active compounds derived from natural products as potent rod opsin modulators with beneficial effects against degenerative diseases related to this receptor are highlighted here.
Applications for compressed ultrafast photography to biological imaging and sensing

Compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) is a new imaging technique which incorporates the high-speed imaging capabilities of a streak camera with principles from compressed sensing to allow for single-shot, ultrafast imaging of optical phenomena at up to 100 billion frames per second1. While this technique has primarily been utilized to observe physical phenomena, it has broad ranging application to biological imaging including fluorescence lifetime microscopy, and single-shot hyperspectral imaging2. Additionally, similar optical systems can be used to for streak camera microscopy (SCM), enabling the resolution of sub microsecond changes in cellular membrane potential in response to electrical stimulation3. Here, we present several applications for CUP based imaging and spectroscopy as a novel tool to enable more rapid biological imaging and sensing.
Posaconazole Alone and in Combination with Caspofungin for Treatment of Experimental Exserohilum rostratum Meningoencephalitis: Developing New Strategies for Treatment of Phaeohyphomycosis of the Central Nervous System

Phaeohyphomycosis of the central nervous system (CNS) is a life-threatening infection associated with severe morbidity. New approaches to treatment of CNS phaeohyphomycosis are critically needed. We therefore studied posaconazole with or without caspofungin for treatment of experimental CNS phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exserohilum rostratum. Each clinical isolate of E. rostratum isolate was inoculated intracisternally with 1.0 × 106 microconidia to fully anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits. Profound persistent neutropenia and immunosuppression were established and maintained using cytarabine and methylprednisolone, respectively. Study groups consisted of posaconazole suspension administered as oral formulation at 10 (PSC10) or 20 (PSC20) mg/kg, caspofungin (CFG) at 2 mg/kg intravenously (IV), combinations of PSC10+CFG or PSC20+CFG, and untreated controls (UC). Posaconazole produced a significant reduction of residual fungal burden of E. rostratum in cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord, and paravertebral muscle (p < 0.01), in comparison to UC. The combination of PSC10+CFG and PSC20+CFG achieved full clearance of residual fungal burden from cerebrum, while only PSC20+CFG treated rabbits demonstrated clearance from cerebellum, spinal cord, and paravertebral muscle (p < 0.01). These data correlated with the significant reduction of CSF (1→3)-β-d-glucan levels in rabbits treated with PSC20 and PSC20+CFG in comparison to those of UC (p < 0.05). Posaconazole alone or in combination with caspofungin demonstrated significant antifungal efficacy in the treatment of experimental E. rostratum meningoencephalitis and warrants further study for treatment of CNS phaeohyphomycosis.
On the robustness of a Bayes estimate

This paper examines the robustness of a Bayes estimator with respect to the assigned prior distribution. A Bayesian analysis for a stochastic scale parameter of a Weibull failure model is summarized in which the natural conjugate is assigned as the prior distribution of the random parameter. The sensitivity analysis is carried out by the Monte Carlo method in which, although an inverted gamma is the assigned prior, realizations are generated using distribution functions of varying shape. For several distributional forms and even for some fixed values of the parameter, simulated mean squared errors of Bayes and minimum variance unbiased estimators are determined and compared. Results indicate that the Bayes estimator remains squared-error superior and appears to be largely robust to the form of the assigned prior distribution.
Lockdown: Gaza through a Camera Lens and Historical Mirror

Gaza is often decried as a uniquely brutal open-air prison, but is the carceral condition imposed on the Gaza Strip part of a broader historical lineage of confinement landscapes? The argument in t...
Firearm Ownership Among LGBT Adults in California

Although firearm ownership increases the risk for violent injury or death, information on ownership among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adults remains scant. This study presents re...
Fe:ZnSe Hot-Pressed Ceramic Laser

We report optical characterization of Fe:ZnSe hot-pressed ceramics and demonstrate first room-temperature gain-switched lasing of this new ceramic medium. The maximum output energy was measured to be 0.7 mJ at 3.5% slope efficiency.
The 5:1 rule overestimates the needed tunnel length during ureteral reimplantation

AIMS Paquin asserts that in order for ureterovesical junctions (UVJs) to prevent reflux, the ureteral tunnel length-to-diameter ratio needs to be 5:1. We hypothesize that the surgical implementation of this observation results in an overestimation of the needed length-to-diameter ratio to prevent vesicoureteral reflux. METHODS With finite elements, we model the urine storage phase of the bladder under nonlinear conditions. In the reference state, the bladder is assumed to be a sphere with an oblique straight elliptical hole as the UVJ. Broad parametric studies on different length-to-diameter ratios are performed as the bladder volume increases from 10% to 110% capacity. RESULTS The capability of the UVJ to prevent reflux during storage depends on its length-to-diameter ratio. UVJs with larger length-to-diameter ratios lengthen and narrow as the bladder volume increases, causing the closure of the UVJ and rise in its flow resistance. Our model shows that the UVJ length-to-diameter ratio decreases as the bladder volume increases. The 5:1 ratio implemented at 80% capacity-approximate volume or bladder wall stretch during ureteroneocystostomy (UNC)-corresponds to 7:1 at the reference state-used by Paquin. The 5:1 ratio implemented at the reference state corresponds to 3:1 at 80% capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our modeling results are consistent with Paquin's original observation on the significance of the UVJ length-to-diameter ratio in preventing reflux. They, however, indicate that the surgical implementation of this rule during UNC results in an overestimation of the requisite tunnel length-to-diameter ratio to prevent reflux. They also suggest that the UVJ closure is due to the bladder wall deformation rather than the pressure.
Applications of Deep Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes

Deep Ultraviolet LEDs have found applications in medicine, air, water and surface sterilization and decontamination, biotechnology, bio-agent detection and identification, radiation hard UV sources, UV curing, and biomedical instrumentation.