cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors predicting weight-bearing asymmetry 1month after unilateral total knee arthroplasty: a cross-sectional study.

Abstract Factors predicting weight-bearing asymmetry (WBA) after unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are not known. However, identifying modifiable and non-modifiable predictors of WBA is needed to optimize rehabilitation, especially since WBA is negatively correlated to poor functional performance. The purpose of this study was to identify factors predictive of WBA during sit–stand transitions for people 1 month following unilateral TKA. Methods Fifty-nine people were tested preoperatively and 1 month following unilateral TKA for WBA using average vertical ground reaction force under each foot during the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test. Candidate variables tested in the regression analysis represented physical impairments (strength, muscle activation, pain, and motion), demographics, anthropometrics, and movement compensations. Results WBA, measured as the ratio of surgical/non-surgical limb vertical ground reaction force, was 0.69 (0.18) (mean (SD)) 1 month after TKA. Regression analysis identified preoperative WBA ( β = 0.40), quadriceps strength ratio ( β = 0.31), and hamstrings strength ratio ( β = 0.19) as factors predictive of WBA 1 month after TKA ( R 2 = 0.30). Conclusion Greater amounts of WBA 1 month after TKA are predicted by modifiable factors including habitual movement pattern and asymmetry in quadriceps and hamstrings strength.
The Effects of Reactive Species on the Tumorigenic Phenotype of Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) Cells

Sustained inflammation up-regulates the reactive species (RS) generating enzymes inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). While clinical data show that levels of iNOS and COX-2 are increased in epithelium during the transformation of dysplasia to overt head and neck squamous cell carcimoma (HNSCC), the mechanisms by which their overexpression contributes to HNSCC development have not been completely delineated. This study assessed the effects of RS on parameters associated with the HNSCC tumorigenic phenotype inclusive of activation of NF-κB (in situ immunostaining and reporter assay) and production of proinflammatory and proangiogenic proteins (ELISA analyses). Our data, which show both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species activated NF-κB, and that all RS donors evaluated increased HNSCC cellular production of vascular endothelial growth factor, IL-8 and epidermal growth factor receptor proteins, imply inflammation associated RS promote HNSCC by their abilities to modulate intracellular signaling and affect gene expression.
Proof of correctness for ASOCS AA3 networks

Analyzes adaptive algorithm 3 (AA3) of adaptive self-organizing concurrent systems (ASOCS) and proves that AA3 correctly fulfills the rules presented. Several different models for ASOCS have been developed. AA3 uses a distributed mechanism for implementing rules so correctness is not obvious. An ASOCS is an adaptive network composed of many simple computing elements operating in parallel. An ASOCS operates in one of two modes: learning and processing. In learning mode, rules are presented to the ASOCS and incorporated in a self-organizing fashion. In processing mode, the ASOCS acts as a parallel hardware circuit that performs the function defined by the learned rules. >
The Matrix Reloaded: New Insights from Type IV Collagen Derived Endogenous Angiogenesis Inhibitors and their Mechanism of Action

Angiogenesis, the process of neovascularization fro m parent blood vessels, is a prerequisite for many physiologi- cal and pathological conditions that is regulated b y a balance between the levels of endogenous angiog enic stimu- lators and matrix reloaded angiogenic regulators. S everal non-collagenous carboxy terminal end domains in chains of type IV collagen matrix reloaded molecule s selectively interact with proliferating endotheli al cells by binding to distinct integrins and regulate intracel lular signaling and inhibit angiogenesis. This revi ew will focus on the current understanding of extra cellular matrix type IV collagen reloaded endogenous angiogenesis i nhibitors and their mechanism of action.
SEX HORMONE CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER DISEASE1

SINCE June, 1938, we have studied 14 males hospitali2_d, primarily, for chronic liver disease. Gynecomastia in 8 and testicular atrophy in all of the cases prompted us to investigate the sex hormone metabolism in addition to the usual clinical studies in these men. We are reporting here the results of urinary bioassays in these, as well as in a significant number of control subjects, including one case of subacute liver cirrhosis. Detailed clinical and postmortem dataof patients who died of liver failure will be reported elsewhere. Our preliminary report (1) last year suggested that estrogen metabolism was im-paired in advanced cirrhosis of the liver. The present data supplement and confirm our previous findings and also provide a theoretical basis for a hormonal etiology of gynecomastia in chronic liver disease. Since Zondek (2) enunciated the theory that the liver inactivates sex hormones, ample experimental proof of such a mechanism has been brought forward by a num-ber of workers (3–7).
Are So-called Successful Advertising Campaigns Really Successful?

This analysis of “proofs of success” for 135 campaigns by 40 advertising agencies shows that almost none of the agencies really knew, or even could know, whether or not their campaigns were successful. To what extent do advertising agencies know whether their advertising campaigns are successful? Even more to the point, to what extent do agencies really set specific objectives for their campaigns? And in attempting to judge the success of a campaign, are the “proofs of success” relevant to the objectives stated? For the first time, public statements by advertising agencies of campaign objectives and “proofs of success” of various campaigns have been set forth publicly in a form that permits systematic investigation of this question. The United States Trade Center for Scandinavia held an exhibition in Stockholm, Sweden, during May 1967, that featured advertisements from successful American advertising campaigns. One Swedish advertising agency, Annonsbyra, prepared and distributed a special booklet that contained descriptions of 135 “successful advertising campaigns” created by 40 American advertising agencies.
Ultrastructural aspects of fertilization in spiralian eggs.

Normally, the eggs of Spisula are monospermic. How polyspermy is prevented in this organism is unclear, particularly when the cortex of the fertilized ovum is examined. Using conventional microscopic procedures, little alteration of the surface of the egg is observed following insemination; the microvilli, vitelline layer and cortical granules are morphologically unchanged. Investigations employing freeze fracture replication of fertilized and unfertilized Spisula eggs demonstrate that there is a dichotomy with respect to the distribution of intra membranous particles within the plasmalemma of Spisula eggs. There is a structural reorganization of microvilli and a two-fold increase in particles on the A-face of the plasma membrane along their bases following insemination. These transformations in microvillar structure and intramembranous particle number may be involved in establishing a block to polyspermy, however, further evidence is necessary to demonstrate a cause-effect relation.
Analysis of virus spread in wireless sensor networks: An epidemic model

We study the potential threat for virus spread in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Using epidemic theory, we proposed a new model, called Susceptible-Infective-Recovered with Maintenance (SIR-M), to characterize the dynamics of the virus spread process from a single node to the entire network. By introducing a maintenance mechanism in the sleep mode of WSNs, the SIR-M model can improve the network's anti-virus capability and enable the network to adapt flexibly to different types of viruses, without incurring additional computational or signaling overhead. The proposed model can capture both the spatial and temporal dynamics of the virus spread process. We derive explicit analytical solutions for the model and discuss some practical applications of interest. Extensive numerical results are presented to validate our analysis. The proposed model is applicable to the design and analysis of information propagation mechanisms in communication networks.
Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) Prey on Eggs and Hatchlings of Olive Ridley Sea Turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) at Ostional, Costa Rica

Abstract. The foraging behavior of Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) has been studied extensively because of their dramatic population decline and endangered status. The foraging by Wood Storks at an arribada beach with olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea; turtle) at Ostional, Costa Rica, was examined to determine their depredation behavior on turtle eggs and hatchlings. Wood Storks, in association with Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus), foraged on turtle nests exposed by stream, tidal, and wind erosion, and on nests dug up by dogs (Canis familiaris). Wood Storks also foraged on emerging turtle hatchlings and those crawling to the sea. Wood Storks concentrated near stream beds where nearly half of the predation events (eggs/hatchlings being eaten) occurred. Usually, one to three Wood Storks fed at a turtle nest; an average of 87% of the Wood Storks that were within 5 m of a turtle nest obtained eggs or hatchlings. The number of Wood Storks present and feeding, and the percent feeding, depended ...
Incorporating Diversity: Meaning, Levels of Research, and Implications for Theory

Incorporating diverse experiences into gerontological theory, research, and practice is necessary for understanding the lives of all old people, and not only "special groups." I begin by explaining how incorporating diversity exposes the power relations constitutive of lived experiences. Using examples from retirement research, I demonstrate that starting with the voices of those with less power renders a more complete view of social reality. Further, a wider understanding of aging in the United States mandates that we move to the international-comparative level. This enables us to more closely scrutinize the often unquestioned structural and ideological processes that construct divergent aging experiences as well as to conceptualize alternatives. I conclude, then, by noting that a more inclusive approach forces us to see all aging experiences not as determined but rather as fluid, dialectical, contextual--and changeable through human actions.
Hypergratings: nanophotonics in planar anisotropic metamaterials

We present a technique capable of producing subwavelength focal spots in planar nonresonant structures not limited to the near-field of the source. The approach combines the diffraction gratings that generate the high-wave-vector-number modes and planar slabs of homogeneous anisotropic metamaterials that propagate these waves and combine them at the subwavelength focal spots. In a sense, the technique combines the benefits of Fresnel lens, near-field zone plates, hyperlens, and superlens and at the same time resolves their fundamental limitations. Several realizations of the proposed technique for visible, near-IR, and mid-IR frequencies are proposed, and their performance is analyzed theoretically and numerically. Generalizations of the developed approach for subdiffractional imaging and on-chip photonics are suggested.
Structural and chemical properties of a c(2×2)-Ti/Pt(100) second-layer alloy: A probe of strong ligand effects on surface Pt atoms

We investigated the structure and chemisorption properties of a Ti/Pt(100) surface alloy using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD), low-energy alkali ion scattering (ALISS), and temperature programed desorption (TPD). Samples were prepared by evaporating Ti onto a clean hex-Pt(100) reconstructed surface at 300 K. After annealing the sample to 800 K, a $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ LEED pattern was observed that sharpened as the temperature was increased to 920 K. Further annealing to 1000 K caused this $(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ LEED pattern to become diffuse because of the onset of disorder in the surface layers resulting from Ti diffusion into the bulk. Using XPD and ALISS, we determined that this LEED pattern is due to an ordered alloy structure that has Ti atoms present in the second layer of a $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}/\mathrm{P}\mathrm{t}(100)$ surface alloy, and not in the topmost layer. Thus, the surface layer of this alloy is pure Pt. XPS showed that the Ti $2p$ peak from the surface alloy is shifted by 1.4 eV to higher binding energy than that of a thick Ti film, and the Pt $4f$ peak is shifted by 0.1 eV higher from that of the clean hex-Pt(100) reconstructed surface, consistent with the formation of strong intermetallic bonds upon alloying. The chemisorption properties of the surface alloy were probed using CO and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ adsorption. CO adsorbed reversibly on the alloy, desorbing in TPD in a broad peak with a maximum at 376 K. This is lower by 132 K from the CO desorption peak from a clean Pt(100) surface. Thermal desorption of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ showed a similar peak shift to lower temperature, and much less hydrogen (20%) adsorbed on the $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}/\mathrm{P}\mathrm{t}(100)$ alloy than on Pt(100). These results show that second layer Ti atoms exert a strong ``ligand'' or electronic effect on Pt atoms at the surface. Thus, the $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}/\mathrm{P}\mathrm{t}(100)$ surface alloy represents an interesting model system for studying ligand effects on the chemistry of a bimetallic alloy surface.
Lipopolysaccharide Down Regulates Both Scavenger Receptor B1 and ATP Binding Cassette Transporter A1 in RAW Cells

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has recently been shown to facilitate macrophage foam cell formation and has been suggested to be a proatherogenic factor. The mechanism of LPS induced cholesterol accumulation, however, is unclear. In this report, using the macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cell line, we provide experimental evidence that LPS's proatherogenic effects may at least in part reflect altered cholesterol metabolism. Data presented demonstrate that in a dose-dependent manner, LPS is able to down regulate the mRNA expression of the two primary high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptors, scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) and ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1), with a 50% inhibitory concentration of less than 0.2 ng/ml, as well as to decrease SR-B1 protein expression by 80%. We also found that LPS treatment resulted in a significant decrease (to 20% of the control level) of the specific (125)I-HDL binding as well as in 50% inhibition of the HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux compared to untreated cells. In addition, we compared the potencies of various modified LPS preparations and demonstrated that the phosphorylated lipid A portion of LPS, which is highly conserved among gram-negative microorganisms, including Chlamydia, is primarily responsible for the effects of LPS on SR-B1 and ABCA1 expression. Inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation were observed to efficiently block the suppressive effect of LPS on SR-B1 and ABCA1, suggesting a mechanism involving NF-kappaB. These data indicate that the LPS effects on cholesterol metabolism may contribute to the proatherogenic properties of LPS.
Impact of extent of lymphadenectomy on survival after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.

Abstract Objectives Controversy exists regarding the benefit of extended lymphadenectomy at radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. We sought to determine whether more extended lymphadenectomy, along with radical prostatectomy, resulted in a decreased risk of prostate cancer-specific death at 10 years. Methods Data on all patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (with or without lymphadenectomy) for prostate cancer obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (1988 to 1991) were examined. All surviving patients had a minimal follow-up of 10 years. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to determine the independent effect of lymphadenectomy on the risk of prostate cancer-specific death. Results Patients undergoing excision of at least 4 lymph nodes (node-positive and node-negative patients) or more than 10 nodes (only node-negative patients) had a lower risk of prostate cancer-specific death at 10 years than did those who did not undergo lymphadenectomy. The removal of a greater number of nodes was associated with a greater likelihood of the presence of positive nodes. The presence of more than one positive node was associated with a greater risk of prostate cancer-related death. Conclusions Performing more extensive pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy could improve the accuracy of staging and reduce the risk of prostate cancer-specific death in the long term.
On using user query sequence to detect off-topic search

Retrieving off-topic documents to a user's pre-defined area of interest via a search engine is potentially a violation of access rights and is a concern to every private, commercial, and governmental organization. We improve content-based off-topic search detection approaches by using a sequence of user queries versus the individual queries. In this approach, we reevaluate how off-topic a query is, based on the sequence of queries that preceded it. Our empirical results show that using the information from the queries in a given query window, the false alarm rate is reduced by a statistically significant amount.
29.3: Novel Wide‐View Circular Polarizers Using Negative and Positive AC Plates

Novel wide-view circular polarizers for VA-LCDs have been developed. In our new designs, no sophisticated retarders such as biaxial AB plates (nx>nz>ny) are required. Alternatively, negative and positive AC plates (nx ny>nz respectively) are employed to suppress the off-axis light leakages. Three promising configurations will be discussed.
Linking family characteristics with poor peer relations: the mediating role of conduct problems.

Parent, teacher, and peer ratings were collected for 75 grade school boys to test the hypothesis that certain family interaction patterns would be associated with poor peer relations. Path analyses provided support for a mediational model, in which punitive and ineffective discipline was related to child conduct problems in home and school settings which, in turn, predicted poor peer relations. Further analyses suggested that distinct subgroups of boys could be identified who exhibited conduct problems at home only, at school only, in both settings, or in neither setting. Boys who exhibited cross-situational conduct problems were more likely to experience multiple concurrent problems (e.g., in both home and school settings) and were more likely than any other group to experience poor peer relations. However, only about onethird of the boys with poor peer relations in this sample exhibited problem profiles consistent with the proposed model (e.g., experienced high rates of punitive/ineffective home discipline and exhibited conduct problems in home and school settings), suggesting that the proposed model reflects one common (but not exclusive) pathway to poor peer relations.
Stimuli-Responsive Chitosan-graft-Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) as a Promising Material for Controlled Hydrophobic Drug Delivery

A novel type of pH- and thermo-responsive copolymer, chitosan-graft-poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (chitosan-g-PNVCL), was prepared by grafting carboxyl-terminated poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL-COOH) chains onto a chitosan backbone as a drug-delivery carrier. The formation of chitosan-g-PNVCL was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR techniques. Chitosan-g-PNVCL showed a definite phase transition at 32 degrees C as occurs in pure PNVCL. The swelling degree of the chitosan-g-PNVCL beads was found to be higher at pH 2.2 than at pH 7.4. Moreover, the swelling degree of the beads decreased with increased environmental temperature. Compared to the chitosan beads, the release profile of chitosan-g-PNVCL beads showed a slower and more controlled release of the entrapped ketoprofen. The release behavior of the chitosan-g-PNVCL beads was influenced by both the pH and temperature of the medium. The MTT assay showed no obvious cytotoxicity of chitosan-g-PNVCL against a human endothelial cell line over a concentration range of 0-400 microg x mL(-1). These results suggest that chitosan-g-PNVCL could be a potential stimuli-responsive material for controlled drug delivery, and it may improve the bioavailability, efficacy, and compliance of the encapsulated drugs. [Reaction: see text].
The Unripe Akee - Forbidden Fruit

For many years, the poor people of Jamaica have been subject to an illness, characterized by a sudden onset of vomiting, usually two to three hours after a meal. This most conspicuous characteristic and the early lack of clues to its cause earned this type of food poisoning the descriptive name of "vomiting sickness of Jamaica." A review of the vomiting sickness by Hill1 summarized knowledge on the subject up to 1952, and it was enriched by his personal observations of many patients. Hassall and Reyle2 later reviewed the literature from 1952 to 1955. Subjects with vomiting sickness were observed . . .
AXISYMMETRIC CONTACT OF AN ELASTIC LAYER UNDERLAIN BY RIGID BASE

SUMMARY Axisymmetric contact problems of an elastic layer are studied in this paper. The lower surface of the layer is either bonded to or in smooth contact with a rigid base. The upper surface is in tensionless smooth contact with a rigid flat cylinder, a rigid sphere, an elastic sphere or a circular plate, respectively. A general method is developed so that all these related problems are treated in a straightforward and like manner. In comparison to the other methods used in previous papers, the simplicity and high numerical accuracy are the major advantages of this method. The convergence is proved by comparing the numerical values to some available analytical solutions. Extensive numerical results for contact radii, displacements and contact pressures are provided. Axisymmetric contact problems pertaining to an elastic: layer are studied in this paper. The lower surface of the layer is either bonded to or in smooth contact with a rigid base. The upper surface is in contact with a rigid flat cylidder, a rigid sphere, an elastic sphere or a circular plate, respectively (Figure 1). The contact is assumed to be frictionless and tensionless. The primary quantities sought are the contact pressure distributions, contact radii and the displacements. The above contact problems can all be reduced to the solution of an integral equation. A general method is developed in this paper so that the integral equations related to these problems can be solved in a straightforward and like manner. The procedure is based upon a re-evaluation of the fundamental solution of the elastic layer. By using an exponential series approximation, an infinite integral containing two Bessel functions can be reduced to a finite summation with the singular term explicitly extracted out. This step is particularly important for a thin layer, for which the arguments of the Bessel functions become very large and the evaluation of the integral becomes very difficult. To treat the singularity of the unknown contact pressure at the contact boundary, a discretizing scheme is derived from Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature which treats the square-root and inverse-square-root singularities. Finally, by assuming the contact pressure to be a constant in each annular region, the integral equation becomes a set of linear equations which can be solved by a standard method. There are many related papers in the literature. Analytical solutions are available for two special cases: a rigid flat cylinder on an elastic half space (Boussinesq's problem') and an elastic sphere on an elastic half space (a special case of a Hertzian contact problem2). For these two cases,
No College, No Prior Clerkship: How Jim Marsh Became Justice Jackson's Law Clerk

In Justice Robert H. Jackson’s first four years on the Supreme Court of the United States (1941-1945), he employed, in sequence, three excellent young attorneys as his law clerks. They were, respectively, a former Harvard Law Review editor who then worked in the U.S. Department of Justice; a former Harvard Law Review president; and his successor in that law student high position. Jackson was happy with each law clerk’s work and fond of him personally.Then, in 1947, Justice Jackson tried something different: he hired a Temple Law School graduate to be his next law clerk. This man had been a successful law student, but in a non-elite law school and, indeed, in its night school division. He had never attended college or clerked for another judge. He was “older” and married with children. His name was James Milton Marsh. This is the story of how he became, improbably, a Supreme Court law clerk.This chapter appears in the book "Of Courtiers And Kings: More Stories Of Supreme Court Law Clerks and Their Justices" (University of Virginia Press, Todd C. Peppers & Clare Cushman, eds., Dec. 2015).
Multi-GeV Electron Beams from Capillary-Discharge-Guided Subpetawatt Laser Pulses in the Self-Trapping Regime

A laser-driven particle accelerator, delivering a beam of electrons with a record-breaking energy of 4.2 giga-electron-volts, could lead to compact x-ray lasers or high-energy colliders.
Functional activity of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels is increased in basilar artery during chronic hypertension

We examined the hypothesis that activity of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels is increased in the basilar artery during chronic hypertension. Diameter of the basilar artery was measured using a cranial window in anesthetized normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, arterial pressure = 109 +/- 3 mmHg, mean +/- SE) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP, arterial pressure = 179 +/- 4 mmHg). Responses of the basilar artery to topical application of tetraethylammonium ion (TEA), an inhibitor of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels, were examined in WKY and SHRSP. Vessel diameter decreased by 2 +/- 1 and 4 +/- 0.1% in WKY and by 7 +/- 2 and 18 +/- 1% in SHRSP (P < 0.05 vs. WKY) in response to 10(-4) and 10(-3) M TEA, respectively. Similar results were obtained using iberiotoxin (10(-8) and 10(-7) M), a highly selective inhibitor of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels. In contrast to constrictor responses to TEA and iberiotoxin, constrictor responses of the basilar artery in response to serotonin and U-46619 were similar in WKY and SHRSP. In WKY rats that were made chronically hypertensive (arterial pressure = 172 +/- 6 mmHg) after treatment for 4 wk with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, constriction of the basilar artery in response to TEA was also enhanced. These findings suggest that activity of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels is enhanced in the basilar artery in vivo in two models of chronic hypertension. Thus Ca2+-dependent K+ channels in the basilar artery may be activated during chronic hypertension, perhaps as a response to elevation of intracellular concentration of Ca2+.
Disenchanted? Business Satisfaction with International Arbitration

Are businesses becoming disenchanted with international arbitration? The perception used to be that, by agreeing to arbitration, parties “trade[d] the procedures and opportunity for review of the courtroom for the simplicity, informality, and expedition of arbitration.” Now, according to some, arbitration has become the “new litigation,” with commentators complaining of the “judicialization” and “creeping legalism” of arbitration. Anecdotal statements of dissatisfaction with arbitration (international or otherwise) are common,including reports of businesses removing arbitration clauses from their form contracts and even “company-wide bans on arbitration clauses.”Part I takes an empirical look at the “judicialization” of arbitration, considering evidence of changes in the procedural nature of international arbitration and the extent of court review of arbitral awards. Part II then examines the empirical evidence on party disenchantment — to what extent are parties systematically moving away from arbitration as a means of resolving transnational disputes?
Studies of Heat Generation in Polyester Cord Tires

Abstract Measurements of loss factor in polyester cord and cured rubber stock were made. From the results, the equilibrium cord temperatures in a rotating tire were estimated. These calculated values agree with measured values reported in the literature. It is shown that, for truck tires, cord temperatures can easily rise to levels where cord degradation in the presence of sulfenamide accelerators is known to occur. Measurements on cords which had been degraded by aminolysis indicate that loss factors increase as a result of the degradation and cause significant increases in local steady-state temperatures. This effect will tend to accelerate the rate of degradation at those locations. The increases in loss factor agree with observations on loss factors at increasing levels of crystallinity in polyester fibers in the literature.
Pulmonary edema: Current concepts of pathophysiology, clinical significance, and methods of measurement

By definition, pulmonary edema is simply excess fluid in the lung. The distribution of the fluid dictates the clinical significance of the edema. As far as a mechanism of edema formation, microvascular hydrostatic pressure remains the predominant Starling force. The lung interstitium is a major factor in determining both the amount of edema formed as well as the distribution. Increased permeability edema, with a more peripheral distribution of fluid as seen in the adult respiratory distress syndrome, may well be the result of interstitial matrix and basement membrane changes rather than simply more holes in the endothelial membrane. The significance of the edema, again, depends on its distribution, with perihilar interstitial fluid being much less significant than alveolar flooding. The relevance of the measurement of lung water, therefore, is dependent as much on where the water resides as on the absolute amount. The clinical applicability of methods that do not give information on distribution, therefore, is dependent on the clinician's understanding of the differences in distribution with various disease states and, therefore, the importance of the water in producing the pulmonary abnormalities.
Life table of Bessa harveyi (Diptera: Tachinidae) parasitizing Pikonema alaskensis (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

A life table of Bessa harveyi (Townsend), a parasite of yellowheaded spruce sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer), was constructed from field samples of eggs, firstinstar maggots, and adults. Major mortality factors of the parasite, in order of importance, were overwintering maggot mortality, superparasitism, egg infertility and sloughing, and fall emergence. Overwintering mortality included flooding, desiccation, freezing, predation, encapsulation by the host, and failure of adult flies to exit host cocoons. No obligatory diapause was detected when B. harveyi maggots were reared in the host at room temperature (21–22°C) and under constant light. The mean time for maggot development was 8.4 days (SE = 0.33). The sex percentage of 151 laboratory-reared puparia was 51.7% females. Total B. harveyi parasitism on P. alaskensis larvae was 16.7% in 1978 and 21.2% in 1979. B. harveyi is not well adapted to P. alaskensis . Therefore, B. harveyi is a polyphagous parasite that concentrates on the most predominant host in its range. We conclude that no practical method of improving the effectiveness of B. harveyi on P. alaskensis currently exists.
The articulation of two worlds: The master-slave relationship reconsidered

In 1830 or thereabouts Edmund Covington concluded that his hilly Mississippi land was not well suited to cultivating cotton. He therefore turned his plantation into what he described as a "slave breeding" business, not primarily with the intention of selling slaves, but to increase the capital holdings and assets of the plantation. By increasing allotments of food and clothing, providing "comfortable dwellings," and reducing the work loads of women between the ages of fifteen and forty, he succeeded in helping his plantation's slave population achieve a crude birthrate of 12 percent, double the national average for slaves.' As Covington shifted his energies from raising cotton to raising people, the Manigault family in coastal Georgia sacrificed people for profits from rice. By minimizing expenditures on food and health care and increasing the work loads of female and child laborers to the point of exhaustion, the family lost 90 percent of all children born on the plantation, a horrendously high rate of child mortality even for a coastal rice plantation. Over a twenty-five-year period the Manigaults averaged a healthy 9 to 15 percent rate of return on total investment.2 These contrasting stories add fuel to the ongoing debate over the nature of slavery. Both cases seem to support the view, associated most frequently with the work of Robert William Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman, especially Time on the Cross, that slave owners were profit-maximizing capitalists. The apparent brutality of the Manigaults, however, is inconsistent with Fogel and Engerman's representation of slave owners as plantation managers who generally preferred positive incentives to encourage good worker morale and efficiency. The Manigault plantation better reflects the
HERV-K HML-2 diversity among humans

Retroviruses comprise over 8% of the human genome (1, 2). Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) exist as DNA remnants of infections that occurred in germ lineage cells of our ancestors. Most of this viral DNA is mutated, often including various large disruptions, but some components are intact or otherwise functional. What viral components exist in human genomes, and what gene products do they encode that might interact with the nonviral parts of us? When did they arrive in the genomes of our ancestors, and are they still active today? Does an intact, infectious, retroviral provirus lurk in the genomes of some of us? Wildschutte et al. (3) shed new light on these issues by characterizing the most recently acquired proviruses in human genomes, a subset of the virus HERV-K called HML-2 (for human mouse mammary tumor virus like-2), which are present at various allele frequencies <1 in the human population, i.e., not in everyone. Retrovirus replication involves reverse transcription of the RNA genome from viral particles into DNA, which then integrates into host cell DNA. The viral DNA contains two long terminal repeats (LTRs) (Fig. 1). Full-length integrated DNAs, called proviruses, are permanently associated with the infected cell and its descendants unless stochastic mutational events delete them. Endogenous retroviruses are adapted to infect germ lineage cells, and their inserted DNAs become parts of the genome of the infected species, and are subject to selection processes and genetic drift over evolutionary time. In the absence of selective pressure on the host to maintain the viral DNAs or their components in intact condition, these elements inevitably accumulate mutations over evolutionary time that cause functional decay, including the very common event of homologous recombination between the two LTRs that generates solo LTRs (Fig. 1). Each viral DNA insertion also has unique mutations that … [↵][1]1Email: jack.lenz{at}einstein.yu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Epidural Cortical Stimulation of the Left DLPFC Leads to Dose-Dependent Enhancement of Working Memory in Patients with MDD

Background: Cognitive deficits are common across neuropsychiatric disorders, and a primary cause of functional disability. Nevertheless, clinicians have limited therapeutic options to facilitate cognitive enhancement, particularly of executive functions. We present results from a multicenter clinical trial of epidural cortical stimulation in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The initial dose determination algorithm revealed acute dose-dependent facilitation of working memory function, suggesting specific therapeutic targets for device-based interventions. Methods: Ten patients with recurrent MDD without psychotic features were enrolled. Electrodes were surgically implanted in the left DLPFC. In order to determine the stimulation parameters, an algorithm was used to assess changes in working memory, mood and anxiety as a function of parametric variations in current amplitude. The Paced Visual Serial Addition Task was used to assess working memory, and Visual Analogue Scales for “Sadness” and “Anxiety”. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVAs. Results: Patients tolerated the intervention well without significant side-effects. We observed a statistically significant relationship between current amplitude and working memory performance (p¼0.020) and reaction times (p¼0.035): higher current led to improved performance and reduced reaction times. We observed a nonsignificant trend for “sadness” and “anxiety”: higher current led to reduced scores for both. Conclusion: These data highlight the relevance of the left DLPFC as a therapeutic target for cognitive enhancement in neuropsychiatric populations. In addition, it confirms the capacity of brain stimulation to improve executive function in compromised patients. Similar strategies may be effective in otherclinical populations with compromised cognition, possibly with noninvasive interventions.
Synthesis of Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenylmethane by Using Solid Heteropolyacid PW_(12)/C as Catalyst

Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenylmethane is synthesized from phenol and benzaldehyde by using solid heteropolyacid PW 12/C as catalyst and thioglycolic acid as assistant catalyst. It is found that catalysis activity of solid heteropolyacid PW 12/C is the best when its adsorption amount reaches to 50%. The influences of molar ratio of phenol to benzaldehyde, reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst dosage and assistant catalyst dosage on the Baeyer condension reaction are studied by using orthogonal design method. It is shown that the yield of the Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenylmethane reaches up to 73 8% under the optimum reaction conditions: weight ratio H 3PW 12O 40/C is 50%, molar ratio phenol/benzaldehyde is 4∶1, solid heteropolyacid catalyst is 2.5g, assistant catalyst thioglycolic acid is 0.1mL, the reaction temperature is 100℃, and reaction time is 2h. The structure of Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenylmethane is confirmed by IR.
Study on effects of occupational exposure to low-concentration Acrylonitrile in workers

Objective:To investigate the health effects on workers exposed to low-concentration Acrylonitrile,so as to provide scientific evidence for protecting the health of occupational workers.Methods:Acrylonitrile concentration in the air was detected in workshops of 4 chemistry industry corporations,which used Acrylonitrile as raw material.Two groups were selected,one for exposure,the other for control.An epidemiological investigation and health surveillance were carried out to analyze the impacts on workers' health.Results:The self-feeling symptoms like headache,dizziness,heart-throb,chest stuff,insomnia,angina,bellyache in exposure group was significantly more than that of control group P0.01.The outrage mood in males in exposure group were higher than that in control group P0.01,the moods of outrage,strain,depression and fatigue in females in exposure group were higher than that in control group P0.01.The blood pressure,pulse pressure and leukocyte in exposure group were higher than that in control group P0.05.The change of electrocardiogram in exposure group were higher than that in control group P0.01.The ALT abnormity rate(18.35%) in exposure group was higher than that in control group(2.63%).The rates of liver fattiness soakage and the fattiness liver were higher than that in control group.The blood lymphocytes chromosome aberration rate and the aberration positive rate were higher than control group(P0.01);the lymphocytes micronucleus rate and the micronucleus detection rate in exposure group were higher than control group P0.01.Conclusion:Workers exposed to low-concentration Acrylonitrile can cause health damage,and individual protection measures should be addressed for high-risk exposure workers.
Union-PON, All Service Optical Fiber Access Solution

It describes the key technologies of Union- PON,from the aspects of network architecture,co- existing WDM,WDM- PON modular carrying the services in BBU- RRU. It is concluded from the testing results that the co- existing of TDM- PON and WDM- PON in Union- PON system has no interference for each other.
MRI of Appendicitis and Bowel Diseases in Pregnancy

Clinical assessment of a pregnant patient for suspected bowel pathology is often limited by the hindrances of overlapping symptoms of pregnancy and altered presentations of bowel diseases. Given the significant impact on both fetal and maternal well-being, accurate and prompt diagnoses are critical. With continued technical advancements and lack of exposure to ionizing radiation, MRI has emerged as a modality with significant contribution to the workup of bowel pathology in this patient population. This chapter will discuss the use of MRI for appendicitis in pregnancy, a frequently encountered emergent gastrointestinal tract indication, along with its mimics, as well as other various acute common and uncommon acute bowel pathologies in pregnancy.
Pregabalin for the treatment of neuropathic pain: a narrative review for primary care providers.

AbstractBackground: Neuropathic pain (NeP) is a distinct type of pain caused by damage to the nervous system itself. This often severe and chronic type of pain requires specific treatments that target the underlying pain pathophysiology.Aim: The purpose of the current narrative review is to provide an overview of pregabalin (Lyrica1) for the treatment of NeP including its effects on pain, pain-related sleep interference, and other health-related outcomes, timing of therapeutic effect, safety and tolerability, and dosing. The information provided here will help primary care providers develop more effective NeP treatment strategies.
Stimulating Cell Proliferation Through the Pharmacologic Activation of c-kit

Previous studies have shown that expression of a membrane targeted chimeric protein containing the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) cytoplasmic domain fused to the FK506-binding peptide FKBP12 allowed Ba/F3 cells to be rescued from interleukin-3 (IL-3) deprivation using a dimeric form of FK506, called FK1012. In this report, a similar approach is applied to the c-kit receptor. Expression of a membrane targeted fusion protein containing the c-kit receptor linked to one or more copies of FKBP12 allowed Ba/F3 cells to be switched from IL-3 dependence to FK1012-dependence. Similar results were obtained using an alternative dimerizer of FKBP12 domains called AP1510. Pharmacologic dimerization of chimeric proteins containing only a single FKBP12 domain confirmed that receptor dimerization is sufficient for proliferative signaling. Interestingly, while the proliferative effects of both FK1012 and AP1510 were reversible, FK1012-driven proliferation persisted for several days after drug withdrawal. Furthermore, much higher concentrations of FK506 were required to inhibit FK1012-mediated proliferation than were required to inhibit AP1510-mediated proliferation. The persistence of FK1012's effect appeared to be specific to clones expressing c-kit-containing fusion proteins. These results suggest that pharmacologically-responsive fusion proteins containing c-kit may be useful for specifically and reversibly expanding genetically modified hematopoietic cell populations.
A core calculus for secure hardware: its formal semantics and proof system

Constructing high assurance, secure hardware remains a challenge, because to do so relies on both a verifiable means of hardware description and implementation. However, production hardware description languages (HDL) lack the formal underpinnings required by formal methods in security. Still, there is no such thing as high assurance systems without high assurance hardware. We present a core calculus of secure hardware description with its formal semantics, security type system and mechanization in Coq. This calculus is the core of the functional HDL, ReWire, shown in previous work to have useful applications in reconfigurable computing. This work supports a full-fledged, formal methodology for producing high assurance hardware.
PDTM-17. IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS CELLS IN PATIENT DERIVED ORTHOTOPIC XENOGRAFT MOUSE MODELS BY USING SPECIES-SPECIFIC PTGER2 GENE qPCR

AbstractBACKGROUNDPediatric brain tumors continue to be among the most difficult to cure and are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. Research investigating pediatric brain cancer is still impaired by the lack of cancer models. We established a large panel of PDOX models as well as several paired permanent cell lines using and culture techniques. However, an inherent risk of xenograft models is the contamination of isolates of human tumors with host cells. Therefor strategies to identify the human/mouse ratio are essential. In this study we investigated Prostaglandin Receptor EP2 (PTGER2) as a useful target to identifying mouse cell contamination in PDOX models.METHODSpecies specific primers based on Alcoster et al., 2011 were used to detect PTGER2 in xenograft and cultured cells. RT-qPCR was carried out using a StepOnePlus™ RT-PCR System. Reaction mix contained SYBR Green master mix, respective primers and 5ng of total gDNA in a total reaction volume of 10μL. The qPCR conditions were as follows: 50°C-2min, 95°C-10min, 40 cycles of (95°C-15sec, 61°C-1min). Primers were additionally controlled by analysis of amplified products on a 1.2% agarose gel. FACS was used to isolate human cells according to anti-Human HLA-ABC Ab and mouse-specific Ab cocktail surface staining and subjected to qPCR.RESULTSVarious models of pediatric brain cancer established in our group were investigated for mouse cell contamination. Xenograft as well as cultured cells were routinely analyzed. Our study confirms PTGER2 as a useful target for accurately estimate mouse cell in PDOX models. This enabled us to improve detection and characterization of HLA-ABC/mouse-cocktail double negative population as seen in FACS.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion we have successfully implemented an reliable qRT-PCR approach to determine the human/mouse cell ration in any mixed PDOX cell population.
Acquisition of Vowel Duration in Children Speaking American English

This study is an acoustic investigation of the acquisition of vowel duration in children speaking American English. The primary goal was to find out when and how children begin to produce different vowel durations as a function of postvocalic voicing. A total of 803 longitudinal data extracted from the Providence Corpus were analyzed. The age range covered by the data was from 0;11 to 4;0. The findings are summarized as follows: (1) Children control the vowel duration conditioned by voicing before the age of 2. (2) They also make the durational distinction between the tense and lax vowels before the age of 2. (3) There is no developmental trend in the acquisition of the vowel duration conditioned by postvocalic voicing. The results suggest that children thoroughly learn the phonetic implementation of temporal parameter from the very early stage of speech production to such an extent as to make it appear as an automatic process. Index Terms: vowel duration, voicing, tense/lax, corpus, acquisition, child(ren)