cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of systemic antimicrobial therapy on plaque and gingivitis in dogs.

Six dogs with varying degrees of gingivitis wer divided into 3 groups of 2 dogs each. One pair of dogs received tetracycline HCI 250 mg, 2 times/day, for 4 weeks. The controls reveived no medication during the experimental period of 4 weeks. The results showed a decrease in the proportions of coccoid cells and straight rods in the periodontal flora with increasing gingival inflammation, while the proportions of spirochetes and motile bacteria were markedly reduced. Metronidazole appeared to be somewhat more effective in eliminating spirochetes than tetracycline. Treatment with the antimicropbial drugs tended to derease the size of th infiltrated connective tissue as well as the proportion of junctional epithelium occupied by inflammatory cells, but did not succeed in eliminating the inflammatory reaction entirely. At the initial examination around 60% of the leukocyte volume in junctional epthelium consisted of neutrophilic granulocytes. At the final examination less than 30 % of the leukocyte volume consisted of neutrophis. It was not clear from the results if the improvement in the clinical and histological parameters was due to the specific suppression of ertain organisms or to an overall. non-specific reduction in volume of the periodontal flora.
A flexible analysis and design approach for body-mounted conformal microstrip antennas

Two different examples are considered to demonstrate the efficiency and flexibility of our domain-decomposition/reciprocity procedure for the analysis and design of body-mounted conformal antenna systems. The first example consists of a broadband, dual-armed Archimedian spiral antenna excited in two different modes, designed to operate from 6-9 GHz, and mounted on the endcap of a finite-length PEC circular cylinder. The second example consists of an array of square microstrip patch antennas, designed to operate at 2 GHz, mounted around the circumference of a generic missile platform with a nose cone and stabilizer fins.
Design of Three-Stage Class-AB 16 $\Omega$ Headphone Driver Capable of Handling Wide Range of Load Capacitance

In this paper, the effect of load capacitance variation on the location of the closed loop poles of three-stage amplifiers is analyzed and a frequency compensation scheme that automatically adjusts the damping factor according to the load capacitance is proposed. A class-AB 16 Omega headphone driver designed using the proposed scheme in 0.13 mum technology can handle 1 pF to 22 nF capacitive load while consuming as low as 1.2 mW of quiescent power. It can deliver a peak power of 40 mW (1.6 Vpp swing) to the load with - 84.8 dB THD and 92 dB peak SNR. It occupies 0.1 mm2 area.
How schema independent are schema free query interfaces

Real-world databases often have extremely complex schemas. With thousands of entity types and relationships, each with a hundred or so attributes, it is extremely difficult for new users to explore the data and formulate queries. Schema free query interfaces (SFQIs) address this problem by allowing users with no knowledge of the schema to submit queries. We postulate that SFQIs should deliver the same answers when given alternative but equivalent schemas for the same underlying information. In this paper, we introduce and formally define design independence, which captures this property for SFQIs. We establish a theoretical framework to measure the amount of design independence provided by an SFQI. We show that most current SFQIs provide a very limited degree of design independence. We also show that SFQIs based on the statistical properties of data can provide design independence when the changes in the schema do not introduce or remove redundancy in the data. We propose a novel XML SFQI called Duplication Aware Coherency Ranking (DA-CR) based on information-theoretic relationships among the data items in the database, and prove that DA-CR is design independent. Our extensive empirical study using three real-world data sets shows that the average case design independence of current SFQIs is considerably lower than that of DA-CR. We also show that the ranking quality of DA-CR is better than or equal to that of current SFQI methods.
Can Warmwater Streams Be Rehabilitated Using Watershed-Scale Standard Erosion Control Measures Alone?

Degradation of warmwater streams in agri- cultural landscapes is a pervasive problem, and reports of restoration effectiveness based on monitoring data are rare. Described is the outcome of rehabilitation of two deeply incised, unstable sand-and-gravel-bed streams. Channel networks of both watersheds were treated using standard erosion control measures, and aquatic habitats within 1-km-long reaches of each stream were further treated by addition of instream structures and planting woody vegetation on banks (''habitat rehabilitation''). Fish and their habitats were sampled semiannually during 1-2 years before reha- bilitation, 3-4 years after rehabilitation, and 10-11 years after rehabilitation. Reaches with only erosion control measures located upstream from the habitat measure reaches and in similar streams in adjacent watersheds were sampled concurrently. Sediment concentrations declined steeply throughout both watersheds, with means ‡40% lower during the post- rehabilitation period than before. Physical effects of habitat rehabilitation were persistent through time, with pool habitat availability much higher in rehabilitated reaches than elsewhere. Fish community structure responded with major shifts in relative spe- cies abundance: as pool habitats increased after reha- bilitation, small-bodied generalists and opportunists declined as certain piscivores and larger-bodied species such as centrarchids and catostomids increased. Reaches without habitat rehabilitation were signifi- cantly shallower, and fish populations there were sim- ilar to the rehabilitated reaches prior to treatment. These findings are applicable to incised, warmwater streams draining agricultural watersheds similar to those we studied. Rehabilitation of warmwater stream ecosystems is possible with current knowledge, but a major shift in stream corridor management strategies will be needed to reverse ongoing degradation trends. Apparently, conventional channel erosion controls without instream habitat measures are ineffective tools for ecosystem restoration in incised, warmwater streams of the Southeastern U.S., even if applied at the watershed scale and accompanied by significant reductions in suspended sediment concentration.
Some Aspects of Aerial Combat

A "dogfight" between two aircraft each represented by a point mass in a horizontal plane of constant speed with bounded turning capability is examined. A number of complexities associated with this problem are avoided by the way the capture zones for each of the players are defined. However, by so doing, the possible outcomes of mutual destruction and draw are not distinguishable from a win by each of the players. Both the methods of Qualitative Game Theory and Control Theory are used in the analysis of a particular example. Two regions of state space of interest to the first aircraft are delineated. These regions have the property that if the second aircraft is located in the first region, the first aircraft can win the dogfight; however, if the second aircraft is located in the second region, then the first aircraft may lose the dogfight.
The career trajectory of a Black male high school basketball player: A social reproduction perspective

Interscholastic sport in the United States is a social institution within which the social relationships and attitudes needed to sustain the existing dominant economic and class relations of the larger society could be perpetuated or reproduced. This single case study allowed us to explore the question of social reproduction by examining the nuances of how a young Black male high school basketball player helped to reproduce his social class position in society by aspiring to a career as a professional athlete. Our findings reveal that not only does this young man exclude himself from alternative opportunities for social mobility, but also in the context of pursuing hoop dreams, he lacked the cultural and social capital for navigating his way to his desired goal. Practical and research implications are discussed.
Canonical correlation analysis of coniferous forest spectral and biotic relations

Abstract Canonical correlation analysis was used to examine the relations between the six reflective Thematic Mapper bands and six forest structural variables for 70 lodgepole pine forest stands in Yellowstone National Park, U.S.A. Two significant canonical variate pairs were extracted, accounting for 96·4 per cent of the total information in the overall canonical correlation analysis. Results of the canonical redundancy analysis indicate that 78 per cent of the overall unstandardized variance in spectral data is explained by the first two spectral canonical variates, while the first and second biotic canonical variates explain 59 per cent and 5·9 per cent of the raw variance in the spectral data. The first two biotic canonical variates collectively explain 59 per cent of the raw variance in the biotic data, and the first and second spectral canonical variates explain 41 per cent and 6 per cent of the raw variance in the biotic data, respectively. Height, live basal area, leaf area index (LAI), and size d...
Role for Glycine Betaine Transport in Vibrio cholerae Osmoadaptation and Biofilm Formation within Microbial Communities

Vibrio cholerae is a halophilic facultative human pathogen found in marine and estuarine environments. Accumulation of compatible solutes is important for growth of V. cholerae at NaCl concentrations greater than 250 mM. We have identified and characterized two compatible solute transporters, OpuD and PutP, that are involved in uptake of glycine betaine and proline by V. cholerae. V. cholerae does not, however, possess the bet genes, suggesting that it is unable to synthesize glycine betaine. In contrast, many Vibrio species are able to synthesize glycine betaine from choline. It has been shown that many bacteria not only synthesize but also secrete glycine betaine. We hypothesized that sharing of compatible solutes might be a mechanism for cooperativity in microbial communities. In fact, we have demonstrated that, in high-osmolarity medium, V. cholerae growth and biofilm development are enhanced by supplementation with either glycine betaine or spent media from other bacterial species. Thus, we propose that compatible solutes provided by other microorganisms may contribute to survival of V. cholerae in the marine environment through facilitation of osmoadaptation and biofilm development.
Distinguishing the Influences of Father’s and Mother’s Involvement on Adolescent Academic Achievement Analyses of Taiwan Education Panel Survey Data

Using a sample drawn from Taiwan, this study evaluated the role of mother and father involvement in adolescent academic achievement. The participants were drawn from the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS) and consisted of 8,108 adolescents who studied seventh grade in 2001. Father and mother involvement related to academic achievement was measured by four types of involvement: career plan discussion, listening to adolescent thinking, monitoring academic progress, and participation in school activities. The results indicated that mothers were more involved than fathers in education and that mother involvement had more predictive power of adolescent academic achievement.
Evaluating the Modeling and Use of Emotion in Virtual Humans

Spurred by a range of potential applications, there has been a growing body of research in computational models of human emotion. To advance the development of these models, it is critical that we begin to evaluate them against the phenomena they purport to model. In this paper, we present one methodology to evaluate an emotion model. The methodology is based on comparing the behavior of the computational model against human behavior, using a standard clinical instrument for assessing human emotion and coping. We use this methodology to evaluate the EMA model of emotion [1, 2]. The model did quite well. And, as expected, the comparison helped identify where the model needs further development.
Automated reasoning: a new concept in power system security analysis

The authors consider a specific application of expert systems for power systems security analysis. Once a severe disruption has occurred in the power network, a series of tasks have to be accomplished before the operator can make any decisions. It is suggested that a computer-driven decision-making mechanism will help the operator to perform his duties with minimum flaws and maximum efficiency. Several aspects of the application of automated reasoning in power system security analysis have been addressed. The adjustments of real and reactive power injections, phase-shifters, and tap changing transformers have been considered as proper corrective actions in establishing the heuristic rules. The implementation of the idea has been tested on a six-bus system, and the results have been compared with those of analytical approaches. The proposed methodology has also been applied to the IEEE 30-bus system, and results are presented. >
Family Income and Cash Flow of Rural Households in South East Nigeria: A Comparative and Gender – Based Analysis

This study focused on the income generating capacity of farm family’s own resources and examined the vulnerability to financial risk among the remote and peri-urban farming systems of Imo state. Primary data was collected using the farming and rural systems approach to randomly select and interview 120 households. Descriptive statistics and Mann whitney test were used in assessing between group differences while regression analysis was used to test the determinants of family income spread within the households. The results showed that the farming systems differed significantly in terms of rewards to resource use and efficiency. It also showed that remotely located households were more likely to be vulnerable to financial risks. A comparison of Male and Female Headed Households showed that the households had similar income generating potentials but with the cash flow analysis a safe conclusion may be reached that Female Headed Household were more financially unhealthy.
Using ODIN for a PharmGKB revalidation experiment

The need for efficient text-mining tools that support curation of the biomedical literature is ever increasing. In this article, we describe an experiment aimed at verifying whether a text-mining tool capable of extracting meaningful relationships among domain entities can be successfully integrated into the curation workflow of a major biological database. We evaluate in particular (i) the usability of the system's interface, as perceived by users, and (ii) the correlation of the ranking of interactions, as provided by the text-mining system, with the choices of the curators.
Tissue Distribution and Cell Type-specific Expression of p120ctn Isoforms

Cadherin-based molecular complexes play a major role in cell-cell adhesion. At the adherens junctions the intracellular domain of cadherins specifically interacts with beta-catenin and p120ctn, members of the Armadillo repeat protein family. Differential splicing and utilization of the alternative translation initiation codons lead to many p120ctn isoforms. Two major p120ctn isoforms are expressed in mouse tissues. In this study we used indirect immunofluorescence to demonstrate significant tissue specificity in expression of the p120ctn isoforms. The short isoform is abundant at cell-cell adhesion junctions in epidermis, palatal, and tongue epithelia, in the ducts of excretory glands, bronchiolar epithelium, and in mucosal epithelia of esophagus, forestomach, and small intestine. In contrast, the long isoform, containing an amino terminus highly conserved within the p120ctn subfamily, is expressed at vascular-endothelial cell junctions in blood vessels, at cell-cell junctions in the serosal epithelium lining the internal organs, in choroid plexus of brain, in the pigment epithelium of retina, and in structures such as the outer limiting membrane of retina and intercalated discs of cardiomyocytes. The tissue- and cell type-specific expression of p120ctn isoforms suggests a role for the long p120ctn isoform in cell structures responsible for stable tissue integrity, compared to the role of the short isoform in cell-cell adhesion in the external epithelia with rapid turnover.
There are No Antirealists in the Laboratory

One of the continuing polemics in the philosophy of science has been the battle between the realists and the antirealists. Although there are probably as many variants of these positions as there are adherents of them, I shall adopt, and defend, Bas van Fraassen’s characterization of realism, “Science aims to give us, in its theories, a literally true story of what the world is like; and acceptance of a scientific theory involves the belief that it is true” (1980, p. 8). I shall argue that we have good reasons to believe in both the truth of scientific laws and theories and in the reality of the entities involved in those theories.
Combining hand techniques with electric pumping increases milk production in mothers of preterm infants.

Pump-dependent mothers of preterm infants commonly experience insufficient production. We observed additional milk could be expressed following pumping using hand techniques. We explored the effect on production of hand expression of colostrum and hands-on pumping (HOP) of mature milk. A total of 67 mothers of infants 5 per day in the first 3 days. Week 2 and/or week 8 MDV related to hand expression (P<0.005), maternal age, gestational age, pumping frequency, duration, longest interval between pumpings and HOP (P<0.003). Mothers taught HOP increased MDV (48%) despite pumping less. Mothers of preterm infants may avoid insufficient production by combining hand techniques with pumping.
Tamper-Tolerant Software: Modeling and Implementation

Common software-protection systems attempt to detect malicious observation and modification of protected applications. Upon tamper detection, anti-hacking code may produce a crash or gradual failure, rendering the application unusable or troublesome. Such a response is designed to complicate attacks, but has also caused problems for developers and end users, particularly when bugs or other problems invoke anti-tampering measures accidentally. To address these issues, an alternative approach is to detect and fix malicious changes. This paper presents a scheme to transform programs into tamper-tolerant versions that use self-correcting operation as a response against attacks. Combining techniques from the fields of fault tolerance and software security, the approach transforms programs via code individualization and redundancy. We also describe security enhancements through error correction, delayed responses and checkpointing. For security analysis, we adapt a graph-based model of attacks and defenses in the context of software tamper-resistance. This helps to estimate the difficulty of breaking our scheme in practical scenarios.
Armstrong's Frequency Modulator

When the side bands of an amplitude-modulated signal are shifted 90 degrees and then recombined with the carrier, a frequency-modulated carrier results. In this paper the order and magnitudes of the distortion components of such a frequency-modulated carrier are quantitatively determined assuming an idealized receiver. It is found that this type of distortion will be negligibly small after frequency multiplication to obtain the desired carrier frequency.
Reconciling animal and human data in a cancer risk assessment of acrylonitrile.

Objectives Bioassays of rats exposed to acrylonitrile have consistently detected an elevated incidence of central nervous system (CNS) cancer. In contrast, epidemiologic studies have not found a statistically stable increase in CNS cancer mortality. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether or not CNS cancers predicted from the most appropriate inhalation bioassay in rats are consistent with CNS cancers observed in 3 recent, large epidemiologic studies. Methods A linearized multistage model was fit to dose-response data from a rat inhalation bioassay to estimate carcinogenic potency. This potency was applied to epidemiologic studies of acrylonitrile-exposed workers. After adjustment for less than complete lifetime follow-up in the epidemiologic studies, consistency was examined between CNS cancers predicted by the model fit to the animal data for the exposure levels and sample sizes of the epidemiologicy studies and the CNS cancers observed in the epidemiologic studies. Results The model predicted totals of 17.7, 3.6, and 7.6 CNS cancer deaths for the studies. These predictions were not far from the observed CNS cancer deaths (12, 6, and 6) and were well within their 95% confidence intervals of 6.9-22.3, 2.2-13.1, and 2.2-13.1, respectively. Conclusions The CNS cancer potency estimated from the best available inhalation bioassay was consistent with the observed deaths in the epidemiologic studies as long as continuous lifetime exposure was chosen as the exposure metric. The lack of observed excess in CNS cancer among the studied workers may have been due to low exposures, insufficient follow-up times, or both.
An Interesting Subset of the Highly Composite Numbers

Several years ago I was dissatisfied with a common idea of what makes a number round. I thought that most people would think that 30, 200, and 8000 are rounder than 42, 147, or 1372, for example. However, if we write these numbers in base 7, the first three are 42, 404, and 32216, while the last three are 60, 300, and 4000. In base 7, the latter three look rounder. I wanted a definition of round that didn't depend on the representation of a number. It seems that numbers with many divisors should be thought of as rounder than numbers with few divisors. The size of a number should also be taken into consideration-smaller numbers can't be expected to have as many divisors as larger numbers. I settled on the following definition: A number is round if it has more divisors than all numbers less than it. The first few numbers that have this property are 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24. Notice that most of these numbers are divisors of all the larger ones. If we look further in the list, however, the pattern changes. The next few round numbers are 36, 48, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 720, and 840. Among these round numbers, only 1, 2, 6, 12, and 60 have the property that they are divisors of all the larger numbers in the list. This leads to another definition: A number is really round if it is round and is a divisor of all larger round numbers. After looking even further in the list, I found only one more really round number, 2520, and it didn't seem likely that there were any more. This leads to the conjecture: There are exactly six really round numbers, 1, 2, 6, 12, 60, and 2520. I recently found out that Ramanujan studied round numbers [2], but called them highly composite numbers (HCNs), even though 1 and 2 have this property but are not even composite. I adopted his terminology and changed "really round number" to "special highly composite number" (SHCN). When I received a paper on HCN's by J. L. Nicolas [1], I glanced through it quickly and saw the "SHCNs" in print. I was pleased that someone else had found them worthy of study and wondered if Nicolas' proof was similar to mine. But a closer inspection showed that Nicolas' "SHCNs" were superior highly composite numbers, and though they include the special highly composite numbers, there are infinitely many of them and their definition is messier. A number, n, is a superior HCN if there exists an e > 0 such that for all positive integers m, d(n)/ne > d(m)/me, when d(n) equals the number of divisors of n. Without further ado, here are some formal definitions and proofs.
Urine Collection and Transport for Culture and Screening Tests

Collection technique and a urine preservative were evaluated as to their importance in maintaining satisfactory conditions when screening and culturing urine specimens. Improper specimen collection rather than delay in transport was found to be the probable explanation for specimens with multiple bacterial species. A commercial urine preservative was of marginal value when transport of specimens was delayed.
Intestinal IgA responses to Giardia muris in mice depleted of helper T lymphocytes and in immunocompetent mice.

ABsTRAcr: Immunocompetent mice infected with Giardia muris generate an intestinal antibody response to this parasite and clear G. muris infection. Previous work has shown that G. muris infection is prolonged in mice that have been depleted of helper (CD4+) T lymphocytes by treatment with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the murine CD4 antigen. The aim of the present study was to compare the intestinal antiGiardia antibody response in immunocompetent mice and in mice depleted of helper T (Th) lymphocytes by treatment with anti-CD4 mAb. Immunocompetent mice generated an IgA response to G. muris, as judged by the presence of IgA on Giardia trophozoites harvested from the intestine of these animals more than 10 days after the start of the infection. The anti-Giardia IgA response was impaired in mice depleted of Th lymphocytes, as judged by virtual absence of immunofluorescent staining of trophozoites from these animals for surfacebound IgA. Clearance of G. muris infection was impaired by treatment of mice with anti-CD4 mAb. The results suggest that Th (CD4+) lymphocytes are important for the generation of a local IgA response against G. muris trophozoites in the mouse intestine and that IgA anti-trophozoite antibody may contribute to the clearance of G. muris from the intestine of immunocompetent mice.
Monitoring and analysis of Vibria parahaemolyticus contamination in food in Fangchengang during 2011-2013

Objective To understand the contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in food in Fangchengang,and provide scientific basis for the prevention of food contamination caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Methods In accordance with national standards and the"Guangxi manual monitoring of foodborne pathogens",samples were collected for isolation and identification.Results 208 strains were detected positive of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from 1 309 food samples,and the positive rate was15. 89%,In three major categories of foods the Vibrio parahaemolyticus positive rate was the highest that was the aquaic products( 27. 21%); Sea aquatic products were significantly more contaminated by Vibrio parahaemolyticus than water aquatic products,the detection rate was the highest in the shellfish( 41. 32%); The detection rate from samples collected from agricultural fairs was much higher than that from supermarkets; The difference in Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination among four sampling points was significant( P 0. 01); The Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination of the samples collected from July to September was higher than that collected from May to June and October. Conclusion The contamination degrees of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were different in various samples in Fangchenggang and the greatest risk is sea products. The farmers market management and the seafood detection in summer and autumn should be strengthened.
Investigation of the usage instruction in specifications of drugs

Objective: To gain a clear idea about the situation of the usage instruction in specifications of pediatric drugs. Methods: To investigate usage instructions in specifications of 550 pediatric drugs of commonly-used in our hospital. Results: The specifications of drugs with dosage and administration marking accounted for 48% and with pediatric drug marking acconted for 38%. Those with both markings accounted for 25%, and those with neither accounted for 14%. Conclusion: The absence of usage instruction for pediatric drugs is very common and we should pay attention to it.
Wavelet Analysis of the Acoustic Emission Signals of Metal Corrosion Contaminated With Noise

An analysis was made of the acoustic emission signals of the uniform pitting of Q235 carbon steel contaminated with noise using the basic principle and method of wavelet variation. The typical feature of the acoustic emission signals of metal corrosion was extracted with calculating the ratio of every level energy to total signal energy after the wavelet was decomposed, the major energy was determined and the background noise was ridded.
Stability of Monte Carlo k-eigenvalue simulations with CMFD feedback

In this paper we perform a Fourier stability analysis of MC-CMFD, a hybrid Monte Carlo k-eigenvalue method that utilizes coarse mesh finite difference (CMFD) feedback. The MC-CMFD method is nonlinear and contains random statistical errors; both of these features are inconsistent with the direct application of a Fourier stability analysis. To accomplish this analysis, we first formulate a non-random iteration method that approximates MC-CMFD, by assuming an infinite number of Monte Carlo particles per cycle. Then we (i) linearize this method, and (ii) Fourier-analyze the linearized method to theoretically predict its convergence properties. Finally, we demonstrate by direct numerical simulations that the Fourier analysis of the linearized non-random method accurately predicts the stability and fission source convergence rate (during the inactive cycles) of the original nonlinear MC-CMFD method. We do this by comparing the predictions of the Fourier analysis to simulations that utilize (i) a high-fidelity S N -CMFD code (which has no random statistical errors), and (ii) a MC-CMFD code (which has random statistical errors). The Fourier analysis and our two test codes confirm that the MC-CMFD method is stable if the optical thickness of the coarse grid (in the low-order CMFD calculation) is sufficiently small. However, the spectral radius increases monotonically with the coarse grid size, and if the latter exceeds a critical value, the MC-CMFD method becomes unstable. We discuss some implications of our results for practical MC-CMFD simulations.
Synaptic electronics and neuromorphic computing

In order to map the computing architecture and intelligent functions of the human brain on hardware, we need electronic devices that can emulate biological synapses and even neurons, preferably at the physical level. Beginning with the history of neuromorphic computation, in this article, we will briefly review the architecture of the brain and the learning mechanisms responsible for its plasticity. We will also introduce several memristive devices that have been used to implement electronic synapses, presenting some important milestones in this area of research and discussing their advantages, disadvantages, and future prospects.
CHAPTER 2 – Parathyroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Metabolism

This chapter focuses on parathyroid hormone (PTH) gene, its structure, which allows the gene to accomplish multiple functions: (1) encoding a peptide that can bind to and activate receptors on target tissues. (2) Regulation of the production of PTH for maintaining the blood level of calcium within a narrow range. The blood level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is regulated at several levels, each designed to respond to different challenges to calcium homeostasis. The regulation of PTH secretion by calcium, coupled with the rapid metabolism of the hormone, assures that the blood level of PTH can adjust to sudden changes in calcium flux. Turnover of PTH within the parathyroid gland decreases under hypocalcemic conditions; this adjustment provides rapid increases in available hormone. Over a longer time frame calcium and 1, 25(OH) 2 D 3 (dihydroxyvitamin) regulate PTH biosynthesis 1, 25(OH) 2 D 3 regulates PTH biosynthesis, because PTH is helpful in vitamin D deficiency, regardless of the instantaneous level of blood calcium. Though the physiologic studies are not extensive, the synthetic machinery is designed particularly to respond dramatically to decrease in blood calcium and 1, 25 (OH) 2 D 3 levels. Over a longer time period, calcium and 1, 25(OH) 2 D 3 may regulate the number of parathyroid cells which is a relatively crude and slow process. The slow turnover of parathyroid chief cells suggests that the parathyroid gland is not meant to rely on the frequent changes in parathyroid cell number, but uses this method of amplifying its signal only when other alternatives prove insufficient. Parathyroid control and the multiple levels of regulation, enhance the understanding of the alterations caused by disease and suggest therapeutic strategies.
Impact of a Technology-Mediated Reading Intervention on Adolescents' Reading Comprehension

ABSTRACTIn this experimental study we examined the effects of a technology-mediated, multicomponent reading comprehension intervention, Comprehension Circuit Training (CCT), for middle school students, the majority of whom were struggling readers. The study was conducted in three schools, involving three teachers and 228 students. Using a within-teacher design, middle school teachers' reading classes were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 9) or business as usual (n = 7) conditions. In the CCT condition, students received, on average, 39 lessons of video-modeled instruction in word reading, vocabulary, and comprehension instruction during reading intervention classes. Results of multilevel structural equation models indicated statistically significant effects favoring the CCT condition on three measures: reading comprehension latent variable (ES = 0.14), proximal vocabulary (ES = 0.43), and silent reading efficiency (ES = 0.28). Subgroup analyses indicated that students with lower entry-level reading com...
Nasopharynx and Skull Base

How many times have the terms “sinonasal” and “nasopharyngeal” been incorrectly interchanged on requisition sheets? This chapter offers more examples that emphasize the importance of anatomic and clinicoradiographic correlation in arriving at a correct diagnosis. A “hairy polyp” may appear quite unimpressive until you realize it’s not a dermal lesion. A biopsy from an ectopic pituitary adenoma or macroadenoma may lead you down the incorrect path of sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma, a biopsy from a craniopharyngioma may have you thinking about an ameloblastoma, an ecchordosis physaliphora can mimic chordoma. In this cost conscious era where pathologists need be more time efficient, and use fewer immunohistochemical resources, less anatomic and clinical information is not an option.
Pulmonary Dendritic Cell Subsets Shape the Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cell Immunodominance Hierarchy in Neonates.

Young infants are generally more susceptible to viral infections and experience more severe disease than do adults. CD8+ T cells are important for viral clearance, and although often ineffective in neonates they can be protective when adequately stimulated. Using a murine CB6F1/J hybrid model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, we previously demonstrated that the CD8+ T cell immunodominance hierarchy to two RSV-derived epitopes, KdM282–90 and DbM187–195, was determined by the age at infection. To determine whether age-dependent RSV-specific CD8+ T cell responses could be modified through enhanced innate signaling, we used TLR4 or TLR9 agonist treatment at the time of infection, which remarkably changed the neonatal codominant response to an adult-like KdM282–90 CD8+ T cell immunodominant response. This shift was associated with an increase in the number of conventional dendritic cells, CD11b+ and CD103+ dendritic cells, in the lung-draining lymph node, as well as increased expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86. The magnitude of the KdM282–90 CD8+ T cell response in TLR agonist–treated neonates could be blocked with Abs against CD80 and CD86. These studies demonstrate the age-dependent function of conventional dendritic cells, their role in determining immunodominance hierarchy, and epitope-specific CD8+ T cell requirements for costimulation, all of which influence the immune response magnitude. The unique impact of TLR agonists on neonatal T cell responses is important to consider for RSV vaccines designed for young infants.
Strongly deterministic population dynamics in closed microbial communities

High-resolution tracking of the population abundances in a simple, closed microbial ecosystem shows that the intrinsic dynamics of the system are strongly deterministic.
Ketamine: translating mechanistic discoveries into the next generation of glutamate modulators for mood disorders.

Ketamine: translating mechanistic discoveries into the next generation of glutamate modulators for mood disorders
HPV vaccine awareness and the association of trust in cancer information from physicians among males.

Abstract Introduction Black and Hispanic men are diagnosed with more HPV-related cancers and at later stages compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Physician communication with men about HPV vaccination may be beneficial to increasing HPV vaccinations and decreasing HPV transmission. The purpose of this study was to examine HPV and HPV vaccine awareness among men by race, and the association between trust in cancer information from physicians and ever hearing about HPV and the HPV vaccine. Methods U.S. adult males (age 18+) were identified from the 2014 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) (n = 1203). Binomial logistic regression models assessed the influences of race/ethnicity and trust of cancer information from physicians on men having heard of HPV and the HPV vaccination. Results Approximately 50% of the sample had never heard of HPV and 53% had never heard of the vaccine. Black men were less likely to know that HPV is sexually transmitted compared to White and Hispanic men (p Conclusion Findings highlight the lack of awareness about HPV among men. Furthermore, statistically significant racial/ethnic differences were found in HPV vaccine knowledge and trust in receiving cancer information from physicians. Future interventions should include community-based approaches and improved physicians’ HPV-related communication to increase knowledge and uptake of the HPV vaccine.
Huygens triviality of the time-independent Schr\"odinger equation. Applications to atomic and high energy physics

Huygens triviality-a concept invented by Jacques Hadamard-describes an equivalence class connecting those 2nd order partial differential equations which are transformable into the wave equation. In this work it is demonstrated, that the Schrodinger equation with the time-independent Hamiltonian belongs to such an equivalence class. The wave equation is the equation for which Huygens' principle (HP) holds. The HP was a subject of confusion in both physics and mathematics literature for a long time. Not surprisingly, the role of this principle was obscured from the beginnings of quantum mechanics causing some theoretical and experimental misunderstandings. The purpose of this work is to bring the full clarity into this topic. By doing so, we obtained a large amount of new results related to uses of Lie sphere geometry, of twistors, of Dupin cyclides, of null electromagnetic fields, of AdS-CFT correspondence, of Penrose limits, of geometric algebra, etc. in physical problems ranging from the atomic to high energy physics and cosmology.
An Operation Model for Automated Batch Manufacturing Systems

Abstract Several aspects of the planning, scheduling, routing, loading, and balancing problems in a class of automated batch manufacturing systems are collectively considered in a fixed charge model. In this paper, it is assumed that; Each work station has a set of compatible machines capable of processing workpieces belonging to the same family of parts; Each job is a batch of homogeneous workpieces, having a specified due date and an availability time; Each work station may require a sequence independent setup time prior to processing each job; The jobs are loaded into the appropriate work stations according to the following prespecified dispatching rules, i) a job with an earlier due date is considered for processing at each work station prior to a job with a later due date, ii) among all jobs with a common due date, a job with an earlier availability time is considered for processing at each work station prior to a job with a later availability time, iii) all jobs with a common availability time are arbitrarily sequenced. In the above model the maximum tardiness is minimized such that production of each job type equals its demand. In addition, in an extension of the model, the possibility of setup times callapsing is considered and both models are compared.
Immunologic studies of Caddis fly. II. Isolation of the allergenic fractions of Caddis fly extract.

Abstract 1. A component of Caddis fly extract has been isolated which appears to contain the major allergenic activity. This is fraction 2 of a zone electrophoresis procedure, that is, the fastest migrating major component. This fraction does not haveall the allergenic components found in the initial extract. 2. Direct skin testing appears to give results which are comparable with and much easier to obtain than passive transfer skin tests. 3. Continuous flow paper curtain electrophoresis can be used as an alternative to the simpler starch block method, in order to give larger quantities of material, and in a purer state.
Bandwidth Reservation Strategies for Scheduling Maximization in Dedicated Networks

Bandwidth reservation has been increasingly used in high-performance networks to provide quality of service for various applications ranging from real-time multimedia communication in early years to big data transfer more recently. In this paper, we consider multiple bandwidth reservation requests in a batch awaiting to be scheduled in a dedicated network, and formulate two scheduling maximization problems: 1) maximize the amount of data to be transferred and 2) maximize the number of requests to be scheduled. We prove both problems are NP-complete and very difficult to approximate. We then design two heuristic algorithms and evaluate their performance against a scheduling algorithm widely used in real production networks through extensive simulation-based experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed heuristic algorithms achieve significantly better overall scheduling performance than the existing algorithm.
Energy usage in biomimetic models for massively-deployed sensor networks

Promises of ubiquitous control of the physical environment by sensor networks open avenues that will redefine the way we live and work. Due to the small size and low cost of sensors, visionaries promise smart systems enabled by deployment of huge numbers of sensors working in concert. At the moment, sensor network research is concentrating on developing techniques for performing simple tasks with minimal energy expense, assuming some form of centralized control. Centralized control does not scale to large networks and simple tasks in small-scale networks will not lead to the sophisticated applications predicted. Recently, the authors have proposed a new way of looking at sensor networks, motivated by lessons learned from the way biological ecosystems are organized. Here we demonstrate that in such a model, fully distributed data aggregation can be performed efficiently, without synchronization, in a scalable fashion, where individual motes operate autonomously based on local information, cooperating with neighbors to make local decisions that are aggregated across the network achieving globally-meaningful effects.
Organizational, Group, and Individual Decision Making in Cross-Cultural Perspective

This chapter reviews research that has investigated decision making in a cross-cultural perspective. Work has concentrated on three main areas: 1. Studies of Japanese versus American organizational decision-making processes 2. Studies of the group polarization phenomenon, which has shown that following group discussion, both individual and group decisions differ significantly from the average of the previous individual decisions 3. Studies of individual decision making under uncertainty between groups of students and managers in Southeast Asia and Britain
Genetics of Orthomyxoviruses

The influenza viruses of man and animals comprise the orthomyxovirus group (Melnick, 1973). Originally, these viruses were grouped with the viruses which now constitute the paramyxovirus group under the designation “myxoviruses” (Andrewes et al., 1955). Members of both groups possess RNA genomes and lipid-containing envelopes (ether lability), and exhibit strong affinities for various mucoid substances. Despite these common properties, the elucidation of the genome strategy of these viruses has revealed dramatic differences between paramyxoviruses and influenza viruses. Most of these differences stem from the physical nature of the genome: continuous single-stranded RNA in paramyxoviruses and a segmented single-stranded RNA genome in orthomyxoviruses. Orthomyxoviruses also have a nuclear phase in their reproduction which is absent in paramyxoviruses. Long before molecular studies revealed the disparate nature of these groups, clear differences in their genetic interactions were apparent. Over a quarter century ago, Burnet and Lind (1951) observed that recombinant viruses were produced with unexpectedly high frequency after mixed infection with two different strains of influenza virus. “High-frequency recombination,” as it was usually described, can now be more aptly termed “genetic reassortment,” in light of our current knowledge of the segmented genome. Both terms are used in the contemporary literature and we will use them interchangeably here.
CIRCLE PACKING AND RIEMANN SURFACES

In Theorem 1 and Proposition 2 we generalize these results of Thurston to com­ pact bordered triangulated surfaces. Our proof relies on Thurston's result for closed surfaces. It follows the lines of Perron's method for solving the Dirichlet Problem using subharmonic functions. In Perron's method, the harmonic solu­ tion is the upper envelope of a family of subharmonic functions. To actually pro­ duce the harmonic solution one must exhibit suitable subharmonic functions (barriers) in the Perron family. The circle packing case is analogous: we obtain the solution as the upper envelope of a Perron-type family. Nonsingular circle packings are the analogues of harmonic functions, and circle packings with neg­ ative curvature cone type singularities are the analogues of subharmonic functions. We use Thurston's result for closed surfaces in order to produce a negative cur­ vature circle packing and thereby show that the family is nontrivial. The bound­ ary value problem and its solution by Perron family techniques were introduced by Peter Doyle [8] and Carter and Rodin [6,7]. They treated the euclidean case for genus :51; Beardon-Stephenson [4] treated the hyperbolic simply connected case by a related method. For the results above we need a suitable notion of "circle packing on a bordered surface" when circles on the border are to have infinite hyperbolic radius. There are two obvious possibilities for such a notion: infinite border circles can be re­ quired to be tangent to the border or they can be required to be orthogonal to the border. That is, a hyperbolic circle of infinite radius might be defined to be ei­ ther a horocycle or a hyperbolic geodesic. With either choice one can define the