cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preclinical and clinical activity of the topoisomerase I inhibitor, karenitecin, in melanoma.

Introduction: This review covers the preclinical and clinical activity of the novel camptothecin analog, karenitecin, in melanoma. Areas covered: While the camptothecins are widely used antitumor agents that inhibit topoisomerase I, their utility is limited by instability, high interpatient variability and the development of drug resistance. Karenitecin was rationally designed to overcome these limitations. The authors review the data on karenitecin in preclinical models and in clinical trials in melanoma using studies published in Medline and reports presented at AACR and ASCO. Expert opinion: Karenitecin shows activity in melanoma, both as a single agent and in combination. In adverse prognostic factor melanoma, karenitecin showed prolonged disease stabilization in 34% of patients. Because preclinical studies suggested a synergistic interaction between karenitecin and HDAC inhibitors, a schedule-specific combination Phase I–II trial of valproic acid and karenitecin was carried out in heavily pretreated ...
Marriage in academe: Hitching your wagon to a star

A frequent pattern of marital dysfunction seen in an academic setting is described. Typically, the wife of a professor sublimates her own strong intellectual achievement needs in order to facilitate her husband's success. After he achieves renown, she expects he will support her efforts to satisfy suppressed achievement strivings. The husband/professor is locked into an external reward system and is unwilling to meet his wife's needs, leading to marital conflict. Background factors in both spouses “set up” this dysfunctional pattern. Marital therapy with an emphasis on self versus others' expectations for achievement is recommended. A case study is presented.
GeneChip® expression analysis of the iron starvation response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: identification of novel pyoverdine biosynthesis genes

Summary Upon iron restriction, the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces various virulence factors, including siderophores, exotoxin, proteases and haemolysin. The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) plays a central role in this response and also controls other regulatory genes, such as pvdS, which encodes an alternative sigma factor. This circuit leads to a hierarchical cascade of direct and indirect iron regulation. We used the GeneChip® to analyse the global gene expression profiles in response to iron. In iron-starved cells, the expression of 118 genes was increased at least fivefold compared with that in iron-replete cells, whereas the expression of 87 genes was decreased at least fivefold. The GeneChip® data correlated well with results obtained using individual lacZ gene fusions. Strong iron regulation was observed for previously identified genes involved in biosynthesis or uptake of the siderophores pyoverdine and pyochelin, utilization of heterologous siderophores and haem and ferrous iron transport. A low-iron milieu led to increased expression of the genes encoding TonB, alkaline protease, PrpL protease, exotoxin A, as well as fumarase C, Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase SodA, a ferredoxin and ferredoxin reductase and several oxidoreductases and dehydrogenases. Iron-controlled regulatory genes included seven alternative sigma factors and five other transcriptional regulators. Roughly 20% of the iron-regulated genes encoded proteins of unknown function and lacked any conclusive homologies. Under low-iron conditions, expression of 26 genes or operons was reduced in a ΔpvdS mutant compared with wild type, including numerous novel pyoverdine biosynthetic genes. The GeneChip® proved to be a very useful tool for rapid gene expression analysis and identification of novel genes controlled by Fur or PvdS.
Streamlining gene expression analysis: integration of co-culture and mRNA purification

Co-culture of multiple cell types within a single device enables the study of paracrine signaling events. However, extracting gene expression endpoints from co-culture experiments is laborious, due in part to pre-PCR processing of the sample (i.e., post-culture cell sorting and nucleic acid purification). Also, a significant loss of nucleic acid may occur during these steps, especially with microfluidic cell culture where lysate volumes are small and difficult to access. Here, we describe an integrated platform for performing microfluidic cell culture and extraction of mRNA for gene expression analysis. This platform was able to recover 30-fold more mRNA than a similar, non-integrated system. Additionally, using a breast cancer/bone marrow stroma co-culture, we recapitulated stromal-dependent, estrogen-independent growth of the breast cancer cells, coincident with transcriptional changes. We anticipate that this platform will be used for streamlined analysis of paracrine signaling events as well as for screening potential drugs and/or patient samples.
OBSERVATIONS ON A CASE OF CYCLIC ALBUMINURIA.

The preceding observations record a new instance of the occurrence of cyclic albuminuria in an otherwise apparently healthy young man. The typical course of the proteid excretion from hour to hour under various conditions has been reviewed and its independence of the changes in diet or muscular work pointed out. No relationship between the volume of urine eliminated and the quantity of proteid excreted has been ascertained. The specific effect of the horizontal posture in dispelling the albuminuria is the most interesting feature observed. The attempt to refer this to attendant circulatory changes in the kidneys is, for the present, no more than an interesting speculation. See PDF for Structure See PDF for Structure
Absorption of gases into drops

Etude experimentale en vue de determiner les coefficients de transfert de matiere cote liquide de gouttelettes de petites dimensions juste apres leur formation a l'aide d'un spray
Viscosity-Dependent Internal Variability in a Model of the North Pacific

Abstract A 2°-resolution isopycnal model of the North Pacific Ocean is shown to produce anomalies that propagate around the subtropical gyre on the decadal time scale that do not appear in a 1°-resolution version of the same model. A principal oscillation pattern (POP) analysis of the isopycnal interface anomaly is performed to examine the dynamics responsible for the anomaly generation. The POPs show a coherent oscillation around the entire subtropical gyre with two centers of action, one in the Central Mode Water (CMW) region, the other in the Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC). Lead–lag covariances between the subduction rate in the CMW and the layer thickness along the oscillation path indicate that anomalous subduction events are not the driving mechanism for the oscillation. A linearized quasigeostrophic mode analysis shows that the anomalies are generated by flow instability in the region of the STCC. The instability disappears in the 1° model because of changes in the horizontal viscosity, which is...
Time and Online Auctions

Online auctions differ from traditional auctions in several ways, but perhaps one of the most significant is the amount of time that bidders interact with the auction mechanism. This paper examines past findings in online auctions and discusses three psychological mechanisms through which bidders may increase their valuations of an item through interaction with the auction mechanism over time. In doing so, this paper provides a theoretical lens through which previous empirical studies of online auctions can be interpreted and serves as a guide for future research.
From American City to Japanese Village: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Implicit Race Attitudes

This study examined the development of implicit race attitudes in American and Japanese children and adults. Implicit ingroup bias was present early in both populations, and remained stable at each age tested (age 6, 10, and adult). Similarity in magnitude and developmental course across these 2 populations suggests that implicit intergroup bias is an early-emerging and fundamental aspect of human social cognition. However, implicit race attitudes toward favored outgroups are more positive in older than in younger participants, indicating that "cultural prestige" enjoyed by a group moderates implicit bias as greater knowledge of group status is acquired. These results demonstrate (a) the ready presence, (b) early cultural invariance, and (c) subsequent cultural moderation of implicit attitudes toward own and other groups.
Infectious simian varicella virus expressing the green fluorescent protein.

Clinical, pathologic, immunologic and virologic features of simian varicella virus (SVV) infection in primates closely resemble varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in humans. Such similarities provide a rationale to analyze SVV infection in primates as a model of varicella pathogenesis and latency. Thus, we constructed an SVV-expressing green fluorescent protein (SVV-GFP) by inserting the GFP gene into the unique short segment of the virus genome by homologous recombination. Analysis of recombinant viral DNA and the expressed proteins of plaque-purified SVV-GFP confirmed the location of the GFP insert and that the recombinant SVV expressed the 27 kDa GFP. Infection of monkey kidney cells in tissue culture with SVV-GFP revealed bright green fluorescence associated with the characteristic focal cytopathic effect produced by SVV infection. Microscopic examination of lung from a 3-month-old African green monkey 10 days after infection with SVV-GFP revealed bright green fluorescence in areas of acute necrot...
Fabrication and characterization of solid-state thermal neutron detectors based on hexagonal boron nitride epilayers

Solid-state thermal neutron detectors with improved detection efficiencies are highly sought after for many applications. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) epilayers have been synthesized by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire substrates. Important material parameters including the mobility-lifetime (μτ) product and the thermal neutron absorption length (λ) have been measured. For hBN epilayers with a room temperature resistivity of 5.3 � 10 10 Ω cm, the measured μτ product of electrons is 4.46 � 10 � 8 cm 2 /V and of holes is 7.07 � 10 � 9 cm 2 /V. The measured λ values are 277 μm and 77 μm for natural and 10 B enriched hBN epilayers, respectively. Metal–semiconductor–metal detectors incorporating 0.3 mm thick hBN epilayers were fabricated. The reaction product pulse-height spectra were measured under thermal neutron irradiation produced by a 252 Cf source moderated by high density polyethylene block. The measured pulse-height spectra revealed distinguishable peaks corresponding to the product energies of 10 B and neutron reaction with the 0.84 MeV 7 Li peak being the most prominent. The detectors exhibited negligible responses to gamma rays produced by 137 Cs decay. Our results indicate that hBN epilayers are highly promising for realizing highly sensitive solid-state thermal neutron detectors with expected advantages resulting from semiconductor technologies, including compact size, light weight, ability to integrate with other functional devices, and low cost.
Pieces of Sound: German Experimental Radio

Gilfillan, D. (2009). Pieces of sound: German experimental radio. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 211 pages. Daniel Gilfillan, an associate professor of German studies at Arizona State,...
Calcium- and FK506-independent interaction between the immunophilin FKBP51 and calcineurin.

FKBP51 is a member of the immunophilin family having intrinsic peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans-isomerase (PPIase) activity. Its enzymatic activity is inhibited by binding either immunosuppressive agent FK506 or rapamycin. Similar to FKBP12, but at higher concentrations of FK506, FKBP51 has been shown to inhibit the serine/ threonine phosphatase activity of calcineurin in the presence of calcium and calmodulin. Here we show that a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein of FKBP51 on glutathione-Sepharose beads precipitated both purified calcineurin from bovine brain and calcineurin from murine T cell lysates. Surprisingly, the binding of GST-FKBP51 to calcineurin was FK506-independent and independent of a requirement for calcium or exogenous calmodulin. Unlike FKBP12, FKBP51 transiently expressed in COS-7 cells was precipitated by calcineurin bound to calmodulin-Sepharose beads in the absence of either FK506 or rapamycin. Unlike FKBP12, however, overexpression of FKBP51 in Jurkat T cells did not significantly affect the transcriptional activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) upon physiological stimulation, nor did it affect the ability of FK506 to inhibit NFAT-driven transcription. We generated a series of FKBP51 mutations to map the interaction of FKBP51 with calcineurin. Deletion of the aminoterminal, FKBP12-like domain of FKBP51 did not affect the ability of FKBP51 to bind to purified calcineurin, while deletion of the FKBP51 carboxyterminal domain abrogated the ability of FKBP51 to bind to calcineurin. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel interaction between calcineurin and the immunophilin FKBP51 that is independent of calcium, calmodulin, and drug. The binding site on calcineurin for FKBP51 is separable from the immunophilin PPIase-active and drug-binding site. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 460-471, 2002. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. {
Apparent metabolizable energy and prediction equations for reduced-oil corn distillers dried grains with solubles in broiler chicks from 10 to 18 days of age

An experiment consisting of 2 identically designed trials was conducted to determine the nutrient composition and AMEn content of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) to develop prediction equations for AMEn in broilers. Fifteen samples of DDGS ranging in ether extract (EE) from 3.15 to 13.23% (DM basis) were collected from various dry-grind ethanol plants and were subsequently fed to broiler chicks to determine AMEn content. A corn-soybean meal control diet was formulated to contain 15% dextrose, and test diets were created by mixing the control diet with 15% DDGS at the expense of dextrose. In each trial, 672 male Ross × Ross 708 chicks were housed in grower battery cages with 7 birds per cage (0.06 m(2)/bird) and received a common starter diet until 10 d of age. Each cage was randomly assigned to 1 of 16 dietary treatments, with 6 replicate pens per treatment. Experimental diets were fed over a 6-d acclimation period from 10 to 16 d of age, followed by a 48-h total excreta collection period. Gross energy (GE) and CP of the experimental diets and excreta were determined to calculate AMEn for each DDGS sample. On a DM basis, AMEn of the 15 DDGS samples ranged from 1,869 to 2,824 kcal/kg. Analyses were conducted to determine the GE, CP, EE, DM, starch, total dietary fiber (TDF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and ash content of the DDGS samples. Stepwise regression resulted in the following best-fit equation for AMEn (DM basis) based on the adjusted coefficient of determination (R(2)adj), SE, and prediction error sum of squares (PRESS): AMEn, kcal/kg = -12,282 + (2.60 × GE) + (89.75 × CP) + (125.80 × starch) - (40.67 × TDF; R(2)adj = 0.86; SE = 98.76; PRESS = 199,819; P ≤ 0.001). These results indicated that the composition of DDGS with variable EE content may be used to predict AMEn in broiler chicks.
Chlamydia trachomatis homotypic inclusion fusion is promoted by host microtubule trafficking

Background: The developmental cycle of the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia is dependant on the formation of a unique intracellular niche termed the chlamydial inclusion. The inclusion is a membrane bound vacuole derived from host cytoplasmic membrane and is modified significantly by the insertion of chlamydial proteins. A unique property of the inclusion is its propensity for homotypic fusion. The vast majority of cells infected with multiple chlamydial elementary bodies (EBs) contain only a single mature inclusion. The chlamydial protein IncA is required for fusion, however the host process involved are uncharacterized. Results: Here, through live imaging studies, we determined that the nascent inclusions clustered tightly at the cell microtubule organizing center (MTOC) where they eventually fused to form a single inclusion. We established that factors involved in trafficking were required for efficient fusion as both disruption of the microtubule network and inhibition of microtubule trafficking reduced the efficiency of fusion. Additionally, fusion occurred at multiple sites in the cell and was delayed when the microtubule minus ends were either no longer anchored at a single MTOC or when a cell possessed multiple MTOCs. Conclusions: The data presented demonstrates that efficient homotypic fusion requires the inclusions to be in close proximity and that this proximity is dependent on chlamydial microtubule trafficking to the minus ends of microtubules.
Evolution from DNA to RNA recognition by the bI3 LAGLIDADG maturase

LAGLIDADG endonucleases bind across adjacent major grooves via a saddle-shaped surface and catalyze DNA cleavage. Some LAGLIDADG proteins, called maturases, facilitate splicing by group I introns, raising the issue of how a DNA-binding protein and an RNA have evolved to function together. In this report, crystallographic analysis shows that the global architecture of the bI3 maturase is unchanged from its DNA-binding homologs; in contrast, the endonuclease active site, dispensable for splicing facilitation, is efficiently compromised by a lysine residue replacing essential catalytic groups. Biochemical experiments show that the maturase binds a peripheral RNA domain 50 A from the splicing active site, exemplifying long-distance structural communication in a ribonucleoprotein complex. The bI3 maturase nucleic acid recognition saddle interacts at the RNA minor groove; thus, evolution from DNA to RNA function has been mediated by a switch from major to minor groove interaction.
Renal Tubular Acidosis: A New Look at an Old Problem

Although the definition of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is simple, understanding the physiologic basis underlying the various types of this clinical entity is much more difficult. The pathophysiology of this disorder is reviewed using the normal acid-base functions of the involved segments of the nephron as a guide to understanding. Clinical and laboratory features of the subtypes of RTA are addressed, and diagnosis and treatment discussed. New developments in the knowledge and understanding of the associated growth disturbances, mineral metabolism, and molecular biology of RTA are also reviewed to provide the most current view of this relatively common pediatric entity.
Epidemiology, biology, and treatment of triple-negative breast cancer in women of African ancestry

Summary Breast cancer incidence is increasing worldwide, and breast cancer-related mortality is highest in women of African ancestry, who are more likely to have basal-like or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) than are women of European ancestry. Identification of cultural, epidemiological, and genetic risk factors that predispose women of African ancestry to TNBC is an active area of research. Despite the aggressive behaviour of TNBC, achievement of a pathological complete response with chemotherapy is associated with good long-term survival outcomes, and sensitivity to chemotherapy does not seem to differ according to ethnic origin. Discovery of the molecular signalling molecules that define TNBC heterogeneity has led to the development of targeted agents such as inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and mTOR and immunomodulatory drugs that are in the early stages of clinical testing. First, we summarise the existing published work on the differences reported on the epidemiology, biology, and response to systemic treatment of TNBC between women of African ancestry and white women, and identify some gaps in knowledge. Second, we review the opportunities for development of new therapeutic agents in view of the potential high clinical relevance for patients with TNBC irrespective of race or ethnic origin.
On the Border: Young Adults with LGBQ Parents Navigate LGBTQ Communities.

Little research has examined the perspectives of young adults with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) parents, particularly in relation to their identification with the LGBTQ community. To address this gap, we conducted a qualitative study of 42 young adults (ages 18 –29) who were raised by LGBQ parents. We found that participants often described their sense of belonging to the LGBTQ community as shifting over the life course. Some participants, particularly those whose parents had always been out, felt connected to the LGBTQ community as children. Of these, most maintained those connections over time. However, some increasingly deidentified with the LGBTQ community, which they sometimes attributed to their own heterosexual identification. Others, particularly those whose parents came out later in life, described a lack of connection to the LGBTQ community as children. Of these, most became increasingly identified with the community, which they often attributed to their own and their parents’ increasing sense of comfort with their parents’ sexuality. Heterosexual participants who sought out LGBTQ-oriented groups in young adulthood sometimes encountered resistance from these groups, whereby participants’ reasons for wanting to become involved were not readily apparent or appreciated. Our findings highlight the need for practitioners to understand the complex and often changing role of the LGBTQ community in the lives of young adults with LGBQ parents.
Spatial Ecology of Puerto Rican Boas (Epicrates inornatus) in a Hurricane Impacted Forest

Spatial ecology of Puerto Rican boas (Epicrates inornatus, Boidae) was studied with radiotelemetry in a subtropical wet forest recovering from a major hurricane (7‐9 yr previous) when Hurricane Georges struck. Different boas were studied during three periods relative to Hurricane Georges: before only; before and after; and after only. Mean daily movement per month increased throughout the three periods, indicating that the boas moved more after the storm than before. Radio-tagged boas also became more visible to observers after the hurricane. Throughout the three periods, the sexes differed in movements, with males moving greater distances per move and moving more frequently than females. Males showed a bimodal peak of movement during April and June in contrast to the females’ July peak. Sexes did not differ in annual home range size, which had a median value of 8.5 ha (range 5 2.0‐105.5 ha, N 5 18) for 95 percent adaptive kernal. Females spent more time on or below ground than did males, which were mostly arboreal. Trees used by boas had larger diameters and more vines than random trees. Hurricane winds that strip leaves, vines, and branches from trees may reduce cover for boas and limit access to arboreal sites, at least for several years until succession brings about recovery with increased vine growth. Boas were especially difficult to observe; telemetrically monitored boas were detected visually at an average of only 15 percent of their fix sites, indicating that the species is more abundant than generally perceived.
Allergic Non-Asthmatic Adults Have Regional Pulmonary Responses to Segmental Allergen Challenge.

Background Allergic non-asthmatic (ANA) adults experience upper airway symptoms of allergic disease such as rhinorrhea, congestion and sneezing without symptoms of asthma. The aim of this study was to utilize PET-CT functional imaging to determine whether allergen challenge elicits a pulmonary response in ANA subjects or whether their allergic disease is truly isolated to the upper airways.
Hazardous marine animals

Both traumatic injury and the damage inflicted by envenomating marine animals are considered in this article. Among the creatures causing traumatic injury are sharks, barracudas, moray eels, and needlefish. Envenomating animals include sponges, coelenterates, coral, various mollusks, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, stingrays, sea snakes, and others.
The 'Absurd Results' Doctrine in State and Local Tax Cases

Courts should not give effect to a statute's literal meaning if doing so would produce absurd results. Easy enough. Of course, it begs the question of just how absurd a result must be in order for a court to ignore the statute's literal meaning? This short article from my periodic Interpretation Matters feature in State Tax Notes explores the doctrine generally and specifically in the tax context, and seeks to answer - or, at least, reduce the universe of possible answers, to the question of how absurd is absurd.
Edge Partitioning in Parallel Structured Duplicate Detection

We show how edge partitioning, a technique originally developed for external-memory search, can be used to reduce the number of slow synchronization operations needed in parallel graph search. We show that edge partitioning improves on a previous technique called parallel structured duplicate detection by allowing a higher degree of concurrency, even for search problems with little or no inherent locality. For domain-independent graph search, we also show that edge partitioning significantly improves search speed by improving the efficiency of precondition checking. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach to parallel graph search for domain-independent STRIPS planning.
Small microfluidically tunable top loaded monopole

A recently introduced microfluidically reconfigurable frequency tunable monopole antenna is miniaturized by resorting to a selectively metallized plate for implementing capacitive loading. The selectively metallized plate forms the radiating part of the antenna and is enclosed within a microfluidic channel. The monopole is capacitively coupled to the feed line through a thin insulating layer. The frequency tunability of the antenna is achieved by microfluidically moving the metallized plate to change antenna height. The antenna is measured to operate from 1.8GHz to 3.2GHz with a tuning ratio of 1.7:1 with >2.2dB peak gain.
The Definition of the Object of the Crime of Taking Bribes by Using Influence

The object of crime is a basic element of constitutive elements of crime.Accurately defining the object of the crime of taking bribes by using Influence is the first thing to study the crime of taking bribes by using influence.Many scholars assert the object of the crime of taking bribes by using influence with the object of bribery,so that they think the object of the crime of taking bribes by using influence should be defined as "the honest(or the validity) of the behavior of national staff ".The nature of the crime of taking bribes by using influence is different from the nature of bribery crime.The object of the crime of taking bribes by using influence should be defined as "the normal working order of state organs,state-owned companies,enterprises,institutions and mass organizations".
Restoring Haptic Feedback in NOTES Procedures with a Novel Wireless Tissue Stiffness Probe

In the past two decades, several instruments have been developed to overcome the loss of haptic sensation in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Unfortunately, none of the proposed instruments has been clinically adopted or utilized in natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) procedures. The challenge is that NOTES instruments require mounting upon flexible endoscopes thus altering endoscope flexibility and dexterity. We have developed a novel wireless tissue stiffness probe (WTSP) that can be used with a flexible endoscope and create a real-time stiffness distribution map with potential to restore haptic sensation in NOTES. The aim of our study was to assess the performance and feasibility of the WTSP in an ex vivo trial (three phantom models of different elasticity; comparing discrimination of human touch with the WTSP) and in an in vivo trans-colonic access NOTES procedure. Overall, the WTSP was able to detect the stiffness of the three phantoms with a relative error smaller than 3% and a success rate of 100% versus 95% when compared to human perception. The novel WTSP was successful in providing the operator with tactile and kinesthetic feedback for accurate discrimination between tissue phantoms. In vivo tissue palpation was feasible using the WTSP in a trans-colonic NOTES procedure. The WTSP did not encumber the maneuverability or dexterity of the flexible endoscope. This innovative approach to tissue palpation has the potential to open a new paradigm in the field of NOTES where no mechanical link between the external platform and the target region exists.
Structure Characterization and Properties of Metal-Surfactant Complexes Dispersed in Organic Solvents.

This work describes the synthesis and characterization of metal–surfactant complexes. Dioctyl sulfosuccinate and dodecylbenzenesulfonate are associated with multivalent aluminum, iron, and vanadium ions using an ion exchange reaction. The metal complexes are dispersible in various organic solvents. In solvents with low polarity, the complexes form “inverse” macromolecular structures with multiple metal ions. In contrast, in alcohols, the complex size is reduced, showing a more disperse conformation. The metal and surfactant ions are still strongly bonded to each other in all the solvents probed. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS) are used to characterize the structures. Simultaneous fitting of neutron and X-ray scattering spectra is performed in order to obtain an accurate description of the system. Scattering results are also validated by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The conductive and electrochemical properties of the complexes in solution are also evaluated. The...
Geographic Mosaic of Coevolution

The geographic mosaic of coevolution theory states that diversifying reciprocal selection between interacting organisms varies spatially resulting in local adaptation and speciation. Local variation in reciprocal selection produces geographic selection mosaics that lead to different evolutionary outcomes. Geographic mosaics are composed of hotspots with strong reciprocal selection and coldspots where reciprocal selection is weak or absent. Selection can also differ between hotspots where different environments alter reciprocal selection. Geographical selection mosaics will result in trait matching and local adaptation of some populations; but gene flow among areas experiencing divergent selection can result in trait remixing and maladapted populations.
SU-F-P-31: Dosimetric Effects of Roll and Pitch Corrections Using Robotic Table

Purpose: To quantify the dosimetric effect of roll and pitch corrections being performed by two types of robotic tables available at our institution: BrainLabTM 5DOF robotic table installed at VERO (BrainLab&MHI) dedicated SBRT linear accelerator and 6DOF robotic couch by IBA Proton Therapy with QFixTM couch top. Methods: Planning study used a thorax phantom (CIRSTM), scanned at 4DCT protocol; targets (IGTV, PTV) were determined according to the institutional lung site-specific standards. 12 CT sets were generated with Pitch and Roll angles ranging from −4 to +4 degrees each. 2 table tops were placed onto the scans according to the modality-specific patient treatment workflows. The pitched/rolled CT sets were fused to the original CT scan and the verification treatment plans were generated (12 photon SBRT plans and 12 proton conventional fractionation lung plans). Then the CT sets were fused again to simulate the effect of patient roll/pitch corrections by the robotic table. DVH sets were evaluated for all cases. Results: The effect of not correcting the phantom position for roll/pitch in photon SBRT cases was reducing the target coverage by 2% as maximum; correcting the positional errors by robotic table varied the target coverage within 0.7%. in case of proton treatment, not correcting the phantom position led to the coverage loss up to 4%, applying the corrections using robotic table reduced the coverage variation to less than 2% for PTV and within 1% for IGTV. Conclusion: correcting the patient position by using robotic tables is highly preferable, despite the small dosimetric changes introduced by the devices.
Protectibility of Trademark Values against False Competitive Advertising

In earlier eras of merchandising, the source of a product was probably its principal selling point. The trademark, standing as identification of the producer, was a symbol of origin and conveyed to the buying public the distillation of what was then the important sales message. Subsequently, by the spectacular use of methods for the mass communication of merchandising information,' increased stress came to be placed upon the quality and special performance attributes of the individual brands of goods. This served to shift the emphasis away from the place of origin and toward the particular product itself. The article was invested with its own distinctive personality in the eyes of the consuming public. In the more graphic language of advertising people, a "consumer franchise" was created; or a "product image" or "product personality" was built for the item.
Proportion of selected congenital heart defects attributable to recognized risk factors.

Abstract Purpose To assess the contribution of multiple risk factors for two congenital heart defects—hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997–2011) to estimate average adjusted population attributable fractions for several recognized risk factors, including maternal prepregnancy overweight–obesity, pregestational diabetes, age, and infant sex. Results There were 594 cases of isolated simple HLHS, 971 cases of isolated simple TOF, and 11,829 controls in the analysis. Overall, 57.0% of HLHS cases and 37.0% of TOF cases were estimated to be attributable to risk factors included in our model. Among modifiable HLHS risk factors, maternal prepregnancy overweight–obesity accounted for the largest proportion of cases (6.5%). Among modifiable TOF risk factors, maternal prepregnancy overweight–obesity and maternal age of 35 years or older accounted for the largest proportions of cases (8.3% and 4.3%, respectively). Conclusions Approximately half of HLHS cases and one-third of TOF cases were estimated to be attributable to risk factors included in our models. Interventions targeting factors that can be modified may help reduce the risk of HLHS and TOF development. Additional research into the etiology of HLHS and TOF may reveal other modifiable risk factors that might contribute to primary prevention efforts.
Heritage on the Go: Abbreviated Heritage in a Mobile World

This chapter explores the airport as a new space for the exhibition and performance of cultural heritage, drawing on Zygmunt Bauman’s discussion of liquid modernity and John Urry’s mobilities paradigm. Suvarnabhumi Airport in Bangkok and Incheon Airport in Seoul each offer “heritage on the go” to their domestic and international tourists in the form of selective displays of iconic elements of national heritage. Acts of “heritage on the go” are a response to globalization’s hypermobility. The territorialized countries (Thailand, South Korea) undertake an abbreviated heritage scripting of their airports that is readily consumed and easily transported into new territories, for by virtue of being travel venues there is inadequate time for the tourist to more deeply engage the subject matter. “Heritage on the go” opens a new critical inquiry into tourism and heritage. It recognizes two interacting domains of heritage production—institutional actors and the tourists themselves—as makers, not just consumers of heritage. The “heritage on the go” concept can be applied to other officially sanctioned, elementally distilled, intended-to-be-rapidly-consumed performances or installations of heritage. Of particular interest is where these rapid displays take place and who authorizes them.
Wish Images and Wishful Images: Benjamin and Bloch

Beginning with a discussion of the richly experiential and historically interventionist music of Matana Roberts’s COIN COIN project, as well as a consideration of the collective potential of the music streaming service, Beats Music, this second chapter introduces the methodology of the book. Central to this examination of Benjamin’s wish images and Bloch’s wishful images are the key ideas of the unspent and unredeemed utopian energies that gather around technological innovations, as envisioned by Benjamin, and of music’s unique capacity to venture beyond the limits of articulation and to attach to unrealized possibilities, in a world, as theorized by Bloch, whose future is still radically up for grabs.
Do Parent and Teacher Report of ADHD Symptoms in Children Differ by SES and Racial Status

Parent and teacher reports of symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children often differ from each other. These informant report differences may occur in systematic ways that vary by child socioeconomic status (SES) and race, but little is known about how SES and race together relate to parent and teacher report of ADHD symptoms in school-aged children. We examined the relationship between child SES, child race and parent and teacher reports of ADHD symptoms in two samples of school-aged Caucasian and African American children being evaluated for ADHD (N = 1056; N = 317). Multivariate regression was used to predict parent and teacher reports of ADHD symptoms from child SES, race, age, gender and interaction terms. The Wald test of parameter constraints was used to test the contrast between the predictors of interest and parent and teacher report of symptoms. In the second sample, we also examined observer report measures of ADHD symptoms during one-to-one testing and in the classroom. In both samples, lower SES was associated with higher levels of inattention symptoms, as reported by teachers, but not by parents. Lower SES was also associated with higher levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, as reported by both teachers and parents. African American race was associated with higher levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms reported by teachers than reported by parents. Observer report measures showed a different pattern of associations with SES and race. Investigating how children’s SES and race influence cross-informant agreement on ratings of children’s behavior might lead to the development of better assessment practices and more accurate diagnoses for diverse child populations.
Control strategies for dynamic insulation materials applied to commercial buildings

Abstract This paper evaluates the potential heating and cooling energy use and cost savings associated with improved controls of dynamic insulation materials (DIMs) when used in multilayered wall assemblies for commercial office buildings. Using a genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization technique, optimum R-value settings are identified for the DIMs throughout the year. These optimal R-value settings are selected to maximize energy cost savings when compared to traditional static insulated wall systems. It is found that optimal control settings for DIMs depend on several factors including building design and operation strategies as well as climatic conditions. Moreover, the optimal settings were found to depend on the orientation of exterior walls and well as the climatic conditions. Specifically, the analysis results indicate that north-facing walls are more active and frequently have to change their R-value in order to minimize the office building energy use and cost. When optimally controlled, DIMs could save up to 17% of annual heating and cooling energy costs for US office buildings.
Real-time scheduling with MLFQ-RT multilevel feedback queue with starvation mitigation

Process scheduling for real-time processes is a critical function of real-time operating systems, which are required to guarantee soft and hard deadlines for completing real-time processes. The behavior of Multi-Level Feedback Queue (MLFQ) scheduling mechanisms intrinsically support a scheduling that favors short CPU bursts to the complete exclusion of all other processes in the ready queues. This MLFQ feature can be extended to support meeting both hard and soft real-time process deadlines. This research proposes a new derivative of MLFQ for real-time scheduling call MLFQ-Real-Time (MLFQ-RT) investigated through simulation. The MLFQ-RT real-time extension builds upon research solving a known weakness of MLFQ scheduling: a vulnerability to starvation of processes in the lowest priority queue, so that the operating system is unable to guarantee that all processes will make progress. Simulation research demonstrates that MLFQ-RT can support hard and soft real-time process scheduling while simultaneously mitigating starvation in low priority queues.
Mevalonic Aciduria: An Inborn Error of Cholesterogenesis Characterized by Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency

Recent work has led to the discovery of six patients with mevalonic aciduria, a severe hereditary human pathology characterized by the massive accumulation of mevalonic acid in physiological fluids...
Long-term effect of low frequency stimulation of STN on dysphagia, freezing of gait and other motor symptoms in PD.

Objective To evaluate the long-term effect of 60 Hz stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) on dysphagia, freezing of gait (FOG) and other motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who have FOG at the usual 130 Hz stimulation. Methods This is a prospective, sequence randomised, crossover, double-blind study. PD patients with medication refractory FOG at 130 Hz stimulation of the STN were randomised to the sequences of 130 Hz, 60 Hz or deep brain stimulation off to assess swallowing function (videofluoroscopic evaluation and swallowing questionnaire), FOG severity (stand–walk–sit test and FOG questionnaire) and motor function (Unified PD Rating Scale, Part III motor examination (UPDRS-III)) at initial visit (V1) and follow-up visit (V2, after being on 60 Hz stimulation for an average of 14.5 months), in their usual medications on state. The frequency of aspiration events, perceived swallowing difficulty and FOG severity at 60 Hz compared with 130 Hz stimulation at V2, and their corresponding changes at V2 compared with V1 at 60 Hz were set as primary outcomes, with similar comparisons in UPDRS-III and its subscores as secondary outcomes. Results All 11 enrolled participants completed V1 and 10 completed V2. We found the benefits of 60 Hz stimulation compared with 130 Hz in reducing aspiration frequency, perceived swallowing difficulty, FOG severity, bradykinesia and overall axial and motor symptoms at V1 and persistent benefits on all of them except dysphagia at V2, with overall decreasing efficacy when comparing V2 to V1. Conclusions The 60 Hz stimulation, when compared with 130 Hz, has long-term benefits on reducing FOG, bradykinesia and overall axial and motor symptoms except dysphagia, although the overall benefits decrease with long-term use. Clinical trial registration NCT02549859; Pre-results.
How patients with multiple sclerosis weigh treatment risks and benefits.

OBJECTIVE Although the effectiveness and risks of multiple sclerosis (MS) therapies are established, relatively little is known about how these benefits and risks are perceived and weighed by patients. This risk-benefit trade-off is important for clinicians, industry, and regulators to consider when determining which therapies to develop, approve for clinical use, and recommend to individual patients. The primary objective of the present study was to describe individual differences in how MS patients weigh risks and benefits when making treatment decisions. METHOD Two hundred ninety patients with MS completed tasks assessing their willingness to take a hypothetical disease-modifying therapy (DMT) at varying levels of efficacy, side effect probability, and side effect severity. Patients also completed questionnaires assessing MS knowledge, medication beliefs, health care climate, and disease severity. RESULTS Patients with a primary progressive course reported increased DMT willingness compared to patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive courses. Patients were less willing to initiate a DMT across a range of efficacies and side effects if they had never taken a DMT, reported more complementary and alternative health beliefs, or reported a history of discontinuing DMTs due to side effects. More MS knowledge was associated with more willingness to initiate a DMT. CONCLUSIONS The results represent an initial step in understanding how patients with chronic disease balance the risks and benefits of medication initiation. Extension of this research may have implications for pharmaceutical development, physician-patient interaction, adherence intervention, and disease education. (PsycINFO Database Record
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Stability of the Early Autism Spectrum Disorder Phenotype in the General Population Starting at 12 Months

Importance Universal early screening for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in primary care is becoming increasingly common and is believed to be a pivotal step toward early treatment. However, the diagnostic stability of ASD in large cohorts from the general population, particularly in those younger than 18 months, is unknown. Changes in the phenotypic expression of ASD across early development compared with toddlers with other delays are also unknown. Objectives To examine the diagnostic stability of ASD in a large cohort of toddlers starting at 12 months of age and to compare this stability with that of toddlers with other disorders, such as developmental delay. Design, Setting, and Participants In this prospective cohort study performed from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2018, a total of 2241 toddlers were referred from the general population through a universal screening program in primary care or community referral. Eligible toddlers received their first diagnostic evaluation between 12 and 36 months of age and had at least 1 subsequent evaluation. Exposures Diagnosis was denoted after each evaluation visit as ASD, ASD features, language delay, developmental delay, other developmental issue, typical sibling of an ASD proband, or typical development. Main Outcomes and Measures Diagnostic stability coefficients were calculated within 2-month age bands, and logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of sex, age, diagnosis at first visit, and interval between first and last diagnosis with stability. Toddlers with a non-ASD diagnosis at their first visit diagnosed with ASD at their last were designated as having late-identified ASD. Results Among the 1269 toddlers included in the study (918 [72.3%] male; median age at first evaluation, 17.6 months [interquartile range, 14.0-24.4 months]; median age at final evaluation, 36.2 months [interquartile range, 33.4-40.9 months]), the overall diagnostic stability for ASD was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.80-0.87), which was higher than any other diagnostic group. Only 7 toddlers (1.8%) initially considered to have ASD transitioned into a final diagnosis of typical development. Diagnostic stability of ASD within the youngest age band (12-13 months) was lowest at 0.50 (95% CI, 0.32-0.69) but increased to 0.79 by 14 months and 0.83 by 16 months (age bands of 12 vs 14 and 16 months; odds ratio, 4.25; 95% CI, 1.59-11.74). A total of 105 toddlers (23.8%) were not designated as having ASD at their first visit but were identified at a later visit. Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that an ASD diagnosis becomes stable starting at 14 months of age and overall is more stable than other diagnostic categories, including language or developmental delay. After a toddler is identified as having ASD, there may be a low chance that he or she will test within typical levels at 3 years of age. This finding opens the opportunity to test the impact of very early-age treatment of ASD.