cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Similar motor recovery of upper and lower extremities after stroke.

This study examined the validity of the clinical tenet that poststroke recovery of the upper extremity is less rapid and complete than poststroke recovery of the lower extremity. Previous studies comparing upper and lower extremity recovery have evaluated disability rather than motor impairment. Individuals with lower extremity impairments may be more functional and appear less disabled than individuals with upper extremity impairments. Function of the upper extremity requires finer motor control, for which the patient can less readily compensate. Therefore, impairments and disability would predictably be more highly correlated in this area. We tested the hypothesis that upper and lower extremity motor recovery are similar.The 95 patients selected for this study were enrolled in the Durham County Stroke Study and had been diagnosed with anterior circulation ischemic stroke. Each subject received Fugl-Meyer assessments within 24 hours of admission and then 5, 30, 90, and 180 days after stroke. We used thes...
Dissociation of mouse cardiac transplant rejection and donor alloantigen-specific T cell responsiveness.

Mouse hearts transplanted into MHC disparate donors are usually rejected 1 week after placement. It is widely accepted that alloantigen-reactive helper T lymphocytes (HTL) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are the key mediators of acute allograft rejection. This report demonstrates that the presence or absence of 'traditional' graft-reactive HTL and CTL is not necessarily related to allograft survival. In these studies, donor/recipient combinations disparate only at MHC or only at minor histocompatibility (mH) loci were employed. Allograft survival was monitored, donor-reactive IL-2 (interleukin-2) producing HTL and CTL were quantified by modified limiting dilution analysis, and serum levels of cytolytic alloantibody were determined. C57BL/10 hearts (H-2b) transplanted into B10.BR (H-2k) recipients (full MHC disparity) enjoyed prolonged survival despite massive infiltration of the allograft by donor-reactive HTL and CTL. IgM, but not IgG, donor-reactive alloantibody was present in the sera of these mice. Hence, traditional IL-2 producing HTL and CTL were not capable of mediating acute graft rejection, nor of providing help for alloantibody isotype switching in this MHC disparate combination. In contrast, C3H/HeN (H-2k) hearts transplanted into B10.BR (H-2k) recipients (mH disparity only) were acutely rejected. Donor-reactive HTL and CTL were rare or not detectable in these recipients, and cytolytic alloantibody was not detectable. Similar observations were made when B10.BR hearts were transplanted into C3H/HeN recipients. Interestingly, treatment of recipients with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody prevented rejection of mH disparate allografts. Therefore, CD4+ T cells were required for rejection of mH disparate allografts, but this process was independent of detectable IL-2 production or CTL function. Hence, the significance of monitoring 'traditional' T cell functions should be questioned in certain donor/recipient combinations.
Riemann-double construction for spinning string propagators

Abstract We formulate a fermionic Dirichlet problem on a cylinder for each of the various sectors of the spinning string. We find solutions using a generalization of Green's theorem. The Green functions are given, via a “double trick”, in terms of Green functions on a torus. This explains the appearance of elliptic functions in expressions for the corresponding string propagators.
The Choice for Breast Cancer Surgery: Can Women Accurately Predict Postoperative Quality of Life and Disease-Related Stigma?

Background To make an informed choice, breast cancer patients facing surgery must imagine the effect of surgery on their future life experiences. However, the accuracy of patient predictions of postoperative quality of life (QoL) and disease-related stigma is not well understood.
Residential Mobility and Ceramic Exchange: Ethnography and Archaeological Implications

After the appearance of agriculture and subsequent increasing population densities and agricultural intensification, some mobile hunters, foragers, and part-time horticulturalists often obtained ceramic vessels from nearby villages. Mobile groups are firmly embedded within regional patterns of interaction and exchange. Certain regional interaction patterns encourage use of vessels made by a sedentary neighbor, and the factors that would discourage it are less significant than previously believed. The vessels made by neighboring agriculturalists may often be as well suited to the tasks and settlement pattern of mobile groups as vessels made by the mobile groups themselves. Given the probable frequency with which mobile groups discarded ceramics made by a neighboring group, archaeologists should consider this scenario when interpreting ceramic frequencies in remote small sites, where some ceramics may be far from the villages in which they were apparently made. Using an archaeological case study from the Western Papagueria of the US Southwest, I propose using vessel techno-function, along with other data, to place individual sites within a broader settlement system. The settlement system, rather than diagnostic ceramic types, may be most useful for assigning these sites to particular cultural traditions and for understanding patterns of landscape use.
Apples and oranges: the low and mid versus the upper rectum.

The role of laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer is currently unclear, with little supportive evidence from randomized trials. A study by Ng et al. in a large series of patients with rectal cancer has shown that laparoscopic resection is safe with good long-term outcomes.
Ultraviolet radiation (2537 Å) effects on spore germination in the moss, Funaria hygrometrica HEDW.

Abstract Spores from the moss, Funaria hygrometrica , were irradiated in distilled water with a germicidal lamp and plated on inorganic salts media plus 1·2% agar. Initial growth was under gold fluorescent lamps followed by culture under cool white fluorescent lamps. Microscopic observations of germination and early protonemal development, as well as gross protonemal growth on Petri dishes, were used to obtain survival curves for the respective characteristics. The survival curves have a shoulder showing multiplicity in the range 4–7. Doses of the order of magnitude of 24,000 erg/mm 2 were needed to obtain a kill of 90 per cent. Spores irradiated with UV radiation immediately after being placed into distilled water showed no photoreactivation after 30 hr of growth.
Radiolarian biogeography in surface sediments of the western Indian Ocean

Abstract Recurrent group analysis of Radiolaria in 46 core top samples from a north-south transect in the western Indian Ocean has allowed the discrimination of eight distinctive radiolarian assemblages. Most of the designated assemblages have distribution patterns which closely reflect the major oceanographic fronts and first-order patterns of surface water circulation including the South Equatorial Divergence, Subtropical Gyre, Subtropical Convergence, and Antarctic Convergence. An exotic assemblage consisting of four taxa was found off the Arabian coast. These same taxa were previously reported only in the eastern equatorial Pacific, and may be representative of upwelling with relatively restrictive salinities. Radiolarian abundance drops abruptly near 48°S at the Antarctic Convergence, south of which the sediment is a radiolarian-poor diatomaceous ooze.
On the Ordering of Certain Large Cardinals

It is well known that the first strongly inaccessible cardinal is strictly less than the first weakly compact cardinal which in turn is strictly less than the first Ramsey cardinal, etc. However, once one passes the first measurable cardinal the inequalities are no longer strict. Magidor [3] has shown that the first strongly compact cardinal may be equal to the first measurable cardinal or equal to the first super-compact cardinal (the first supercompact cardinal is strictly larger than the first measurable cardinal). In this note we will indicate how Magidor's methods can be used to show that it is undecidable whether one cardinal (the first strongly compact) is greater than or less than another large cardinal (the first huge cardinal). We assume that the reader is familiar with the ultrapower construction of Scott, as presented in Drake [1] or Kanamori, Reinhardt and Solovay [2]. Definition. A cardinal κ is huge (or 1-huge) if there is an elementary embedding j of the universe V into a transitive class M such that M contains the ordinals, is closed under j (κ) sequences, j (κ) > κ and j ↾ R κ = id. Let κ denote the first huge cardinal, and let λ = j (κ). One can see from easy reflection arguments that κ and λ are inaccessible in V and, in fact, that κ is measurable in V .
Evaluation of Student Outcomes After Participating in a Medicare Outreach Program

This article describes the development of a service-learning project and analysis of student pharmacists’ participation therein. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study analyzed student pharmacists’ knowledge and attitudes after volunteering in the inaugural Medicare Outreach Program, a collaboration between the School of Pharmacy and State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP) in which certified student pharmacists assisted Medicare beneficiaries with Part D plan evaluation and selection. Although results did not show a statistically significant difference in knowledge gained by students who volunteered (n = 71) compared to those who did not (n = 72; p = 0.57), thematic analysis of volunteering students’ reflections did reveal that they found their volunteering efforts to be meaningful learning experiences. Six major themes were identified overall showing that the program, which was designed to benefit SHIP and the community, also had a positive impact on students’ attitudes. Accordingly, the program’s sustainability plan is also discussed.
Takayasu's arteritis presenting as uveitis in a 5-year-old girl

A 5-year-old patient presented with uveitis as initial manifestation of Takayasu's arteritis. Our patient is unique not only in the initial presentation but also in the extent of arteritis in the aortic arch and great vessels. This is only the second case reported in the literature with this unusual presentation.
The response of Chironomidae (Diptera) to a long-term exclusion of terrestrial organic matter

We examined the effects of a seven- year detrital exclusion on chironomid assem- blages in an Appalachian headwater stream. We hypothesized that litter exclusion would lead to a reduction in all chironomids at both the subfamily and generic levels because organic matter serves as both food and habitat in these headwater streams. Tanytarsini total abundance and biomass significantly declined after litter exclusion. Before litter exclusion, Tanytarsini average abundance was 4271 ± 1135 S.E. m -2 and 625 ± 98 after litter exclusion. Biomass was 3.57 ± 0.96 mg AFDM m -2 before litter exclusion and 1.03 ± 0.9 after exclusion. In contrast, Orthocladiinae abundance and biomass did not change because a psam- manophilic chironomid, Lopescladius sp., and other Orthocladiinae genera did not decline sig- nificantly. Overall chironomid taxa richness and diversity did not change as a result of litter exclusion. However, Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) of genus-level biomass did show a clear separation between the litter exclusion stream and a reference stream. Separation of taxa between the two streams was due to differences in fine (r 2 = 0.39) and coarse (r 2 = 0.36) organic matter standing stocks and the proportion of small inorganic substrates (r 2 = 0.39) present within a sample. As organic matter declined in the litter exclusion stream, overall chironomid biomass declined and the chironomid community assemblage changed. Tanytarsini were replaced by Orthocladiinae in the litter exclusion stream because they were better able to live and feed on biofilm associated with inorganic substrates.
Virtually Usable: a Test of the Information Gardens

This paper presents the results of a usability study conducted to determine the functionality of a desktop, three-dimensional virtual library designed and supported by the Appalachian State University Distance Learning Library Services team. Formative evaluations were performed with representative students utilizing Morae software. Results influenced the final design of the library.
Hypothalamic Survival Circuits: Blueprints for Purposive Behaviors

Neural processes that direct an animal's actions toward environmental goals are critical elements for understanding behavior. The hypothalamus is closely associated with motivated behaviors required for survival and reproduction. Intense feeding, drinking, aggressive, and sexual behaviors can be produced by a simple neuronal stimulus applied to discrete hypothalamic regions. What can these "evoked behaviors" teach us about the neural processes that determine behavioral intent and intensity? Small populations of neurons sufficient to evoke a complex motivated behavior may be used as entry points to identify circuits that energize and direct behavior to specific goals. Here, I review recent applications of molecular genetic, optogenetic, and pharmacogenetic approaches that overcome previous limitations for analyzing anatomically complex hypothalamic circuits and their interactions with the rest of the brain. These new tools have the potential to bridge the gaps between neurobiological and psychological thinking about the mechanisms of complex motivated behavior.
Novel cationically polymerizable propenyl and vinyl ethers derived from renewable sources

The preparation of several novel mono- and dipropenyl and divinyl ethers derived from renewable starting materials is described using simple, straightforward synthetic methods. Utilizing real-time infrared spectroscopy, the reactivity of the monomers in photoinitiated cationic polymerization was studied employing diaryliodonium and triarylsulfonium salts as photoinitiators. The monomers were shown to undergo very rapid cationic photopolymerization. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of hydrogen motion on interface trap formation and annealing

We combine first-principles calculations and statistical modeling of hydrogen motion to investigate interface trap formation and post-irradiation annealing processes in the Si-SiO/sub 2/ system. The dependence of the interface trap density on the temperature and bias voltage is explained on the basis of analytical modeling and statistical simulations based on Monte Carlo and master equation approaches. We suggest that the interface-trap buildup and annealing dynamics are primarily controlled by processes associated with hydrogen transport toward and along the interface, hydrogen reactions with passivated and unpassivated dangling bonds, and differences in most-favorable charge states for hydrogen-related species in SiO/sub 2/ and Si. The dramatic change of the interface-trap formation dynamics as a function of postirradiation annealing bias in MOS devices at a temperature of /spl sim/150/spl deg/C is explained as a result of competition between the direct depassivation of the interfacial Si-H bonds by protons and the passivation of interfacial dangling bond defects by neutral molecular hydrogen formed near the interface and in the Si. We show that the transport of different hydrogen-related species in the interfacial region and their mutual transformations are responsible for significant postirradiation accumulation of hydrogen near the interface. We also discuss how this approach and these results may be employed for further understanding of enhanced low-dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS).
The Emergence of Augmented Reality (AR) as a Storytelling Medium in Journalism

Digital technology holds the potential to transform journalism and the media in several beneficial ways, including new forms of storytelling that might better engage citizens and provide more context, nuance, and texture to reported events and issues. However, the extent to which these benefits have been realized is mixed and subject to debate. In this monograph, we examine how digital technology might transform the content of journalism through augmented reality (AR). The significance of digital storytelling through AR is manifest in its potential to engage a citizenry increasingly disengaged from traditional news and to provide more contextualized information.
Frequency Doubling Using Ferrite Slabs, Particularly Planar Ferrites

An analysis is given of the results of frequency doubling experiments using relatively thick ferrite slabs. The primary frequency was 9100 Mc. It is shown that the dielectric properties of the ferrite cause the double-frequency wave to behave as a surface wave. This tends to concentrate the double-frequency fields in the vicinity of the ferrite, thus increasing its interaction with the oscillating magnetic-dipole moments that generate these fields and increasing the conversion efficiency. However, the surface-wave effect also causes a phase difference between the magnetic-dipole moments and the double-frequency fields, and this limits the efficiency obtainable through this effect. Experimental data give reasonable agreement with calculated results. Spinwave effects are considered, and it is shown that they can contribute to harmonic generation if the precession orbits of their magnetization vectors are highly elliptical. The best conversion efficiency obtained in these experiments was -11.1 db at a peak input power level of 6300 W. Planar ferrites have inherent advantages over isotropic ferrites because the planar anisotropy greatly increases the ellipticity of the precession of the magnetization vectors of both the uniform mode and the spinwaves. The relatively large dielectric constant of planar ferrites is also helpful to frequency doubling
Filling the gap: improving estimates of working tree resources in agricultural landscapes.

Agroforestry plantings and other trees intentionally established in rural and urban areas are emerging as innovative management options for addressing resource issues and achieving landscape- level goals. An understanding of the ecosystem services contributed by these and future plantings would provide critical information to policy and program developers, and a comprehensive inventory would contribute to estimating the cumulative effects of these plantings. Trees used in these practices are not explicitly inventoried by the primary national forest resource inventory of the United States: the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service. The FIA program currently limits its inventories to trees in forests meeting specific size and density criteria, but the draft FIA Strategic Plan suggests the addition of an ''other treed land inventory'' (excluding urban forests). In this study, we use FIA data to estimate the agroforestry and other tree resources of the Midwest and docu- ment some obstacles to effective inventories of agroforestry practices. We compare our estimates of forestland area in the Midwest to those derived from MODIS (MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectrora- diometer) Vegetative Continuous Fields (VCF). The differences between these two estimates, particularly in sparsely forested states, support the idea that the expansion of the FIA program to an all-tree inventory would fill an important gap. We propose minor modifications to the inventory that would lead to an improved assessment of agroforestry and other tree resources and practices.
Laboratory and Nondestructive Strength Evaluation of Airfield Pavements in New Mexico

Pavement strength evaluation is necessary to ensure the sustainability of airfield pavements. This study focuses on different methods of airfield pavement strength evaluation. These methods include the determination of tensile stress-strain at the bottom of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) layer, pavement cross-section adequacy and accumulated damage determination over the service life. To implement these steps, Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test has been conducted on the airfields of selected airports all over New Mexico. Layer moduli have been backcalculated from the FWD test data by ELMOD. Laboratory indirect tensile test has been conducted on the samples collected from the field coring to measure the indirect tensile stress. In addition, a Finite Element Model (FEM) has been developed in ABAQUS to determine the tensile stress at the bottom of HMA layer. Pavement layer thickness adequacy has been investigated by FAARFIELD. KENLAYER has determined the accumulated damage over the service life. Remaining life has been determined from this accumulated damage. Pavement thickness adequacy investigation shows that most of the pavement sections do not have adequate thickness to withstand the load from aircraft gear. However, comparison between laboratory indirect tensile strength test and determination of tensile stress at the bottom of HMA layer by FEM as well as remaining life calculation show the pavement sections are in good condition.
Cutaneous Mastocytosis: A Review Focusing on the Pediatric Population

Cutaneous mastocytosis can be divided into 4 different clinical variants--urticaria pigmentosa, solitary mastocytoma, diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis, and telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans. Skin findings are often accompanied by symptoms secondary to mast cell release of mediators. These symptoms can be both localized to the skin lesion and systemic because of the release of mediators into the bloodstream. The majority of pediatric cases of cutaneous mastocytosis show a good prognosis with gradual resolution of both symptoms and skin lesions. This article will review each of the 4 clinical presentations focusing on pediatric-onset of disease while reviewing the literature.
Neutral genetic drift can alter promiscuous protein functions, potentially aiding functional evolution

Background: Many of the mutations accumulated by naturally evolving proteins are neutral in the sense that they do not significantly alter a protein's ability to perform its primary biological function. However, new protein functions evolve when selection begins to favor other, "promiscuous" functions that are incidental to a protein's original biological role. If mutations that are neutral with respect to a protein's primary biological function cause substantial changes in promiscuous functions, these mutations could enable future functional evolution. Results: Here we investigate this possibility experimentally by examining how cytochrome P450 enzymes that have evolved neutrally with respect to activity on a single substrate have changed in their abilities to catalyze reactions on five other substrates. We find that the enzymes have sometimes changed as much as four-fold in the promiscuous activities. The changes in promiscuous activities tend to increase with the number of mutations, and can be largely rationalized in terms of the chemical structures of the substrates. The activities on chemically similar substrates tend to change in a coordinated fashion, potentially providing a route for systematically predicting the change in one activity based on the measurement of several others. Conclusion: Our work suggests that initially neutral genetic drift can lead to substantial changes in protein functions that are not currently under selection, in effect poising the proteins to more readily undergo functional evolution should selection favor new functions in the future.
Serotonin transporter gene promoter region polymorphism and selective processing of emotional images.

Several studies have now documented that the serotonin transporter promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism predicts neural response to affective images in brain regions involved in the experience of emotion. However, the behavioral consequences of this genetic effect are less well known. The current study used eye-tracking methodology to examine how individuals genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR allocated their attention when simultaneously presented an array of positive and negative emotional scenes. Short 5-HTTLPR allele homozygotes displayed a bias to focus on positive images, particularly in the first half of the 30 s trial. In contrast, long 5-HTTLPR allele homozygotes viewed the stimuli in a more evenhanded fashion. Thus, short 5-HTTLPR allele homozygotes may be attempting to regulate greater reactivity to negative stimuli by purposefully turning their attention towards positive stimuli. Although this sensitivity may have benefits under benign conditions, it may also increase vulnerability to affective disorders when cognitive resources needed to turn attention away from negative stimuli are compromised.
Meaning Reconstruction in the Context of Religious Coping: Rebuilding the Shattered Assumptive World

Recently research studies have begun to examine the theory that religion may help bereaved individuals to provide meaning (or an explanation) to an otherwise inconceivable event. In addition, there...
Large-Eddy Simulations of Trade Wind Cumuli: Investigation of Aerosol Indirect Effects

The effects of aerosol on warm trade cumulus clouds are investigated using a large-eddy simulation with size-resolved cloud microphysics. It is shown that, as expected, increases in aerosols cause a reduction in precipitation and an increase in the cloud-averaged liquid water path (LWP). However, for the case under study, cloud fraction, cloud size, cloud-top height, and depth decrease in response to increasing aerosol concentration, contrary to accepted hypotheses associated with the second aerosol indirect effect. It is found that the complex responses of clouds to aerosols are determined by competing effects of precipitation and droplet evaporation associated with entrainment. As aerosol concentration increases, precipitation suppression tends to maintain the clouds and lead to higher cloud LWP, whereas cloud droplets become smaller and evaporate more readily, which tends to dissipate the clouds and leads to lower cloud fraction, cloud size, and depth. An additional set of experiments with higher surface latent heat flux, and hence higher LWP and drizzle rate, was also performed. Changes in cloud properties due to aerosols have the same trends as in the base runs, although the magnitudes of the changes are larger. Evidence for significant stabilization (or destabilization) of the subcloud layer due to drizzle is not found, mainly because drizzling clouds cover only a small fraction of the domain. It is suggested that cloud fraction may only increase with increasing aerosol loading for larger clouds that are less susceptible to entrainment and evaporation. Finally, it is noted that at any given aerosol concentration the dynamical variability in bulk cloud parameters such as LWP tends to be larger than the aerosol-induced changes in these parameters, indicating that the second aerosol indirect effect may be hard to measure in this cloud type. The variability in cloud optical depth is, however, dominated by changes in aerosol, rather than dynamics.
Rearrangements of incidence tables

Abstract Given integers 0 k ⩽ n and a permutation α mapping the set of integers from 1 to n onto itself, there exists a permutation β mapping the set of unordered pairs of integers from 1 to n onto itself in such a way that whenever 0 a − b | ⩽ k and { aα , bα } β = { x , y }, then also 0 x − y | ⩽ k and x and y are equal to or between aα and bα .
Power and server allocation in a multi-beam satellite with time varying channels

We consider power and server allocation in a multi-beam satellite downlink which transmits data to N different ground locations over N time-varying channels. Packets destined for each ground location are stored in separate queues, and the server rate for each queue i depends on the power p/sub i/(t) allocated to that server and the channel state c/sub i/(t) according to a concave rate-power curve /spl mu//sub i/(p/sub i/, c/sub i/). We establish the capacity region of all arrival rate vectors which admit a stabilizable system. For the case when channel states and arrivals are iid from timeslot to timeslot, we develop a particular power allocation policy which stabilizes the system whenever the rate vector lies within the capacity region. Such stability is guaranteed even if the channel model and the specific arrival rates are unknown. As a special case, this analysis verifies the stability of the "choose-the-K-largest-connected-queues" policy when channels can be in one of two states (ON or OFF) and K servers are allocated at every timestep (K<N). These results are extended to treat a joint problem of routing and power allocation, and a throughput maximizing algorithm for this joint problem is constructed. Finally, we address the issue of interchannel interference, and develop a modified policy when power vectors are constrained to feasible activation sets. Our analysis and problem formulation is also applicable to power control for wireless systems.
Predictions of the Effect of Roughness on Heat Transfer From Turbine Airfoils

The heat transfer and aerodynamic performance of turbine airfoils are greatly influenced by the gas side surface finish. In order to operate at higher efficiencies and to have reduced cooling requirements, airfoil designs require better surface finishing processes to create smoother surfaces. In this paper, three different cast airfoils were analyzed: the first airfoil was grit blasted and codep coated, the second airfoil was tumbled and aluminide coated, and the third airfoil was polished further. Each of these airfoils had different levels of roughness. The TEXSTAN boundary layer code was used to make predictions of the heat transfer along both the pressure and suction sides of all three airfoils. These predictions have been compared to corresponding heat transfer data reported earlier by Abuaf et al. (1997). The data were obtained over a wide range of Reynolds numbers simulating typical aircraft engine conditions. A three-parameter full-cone based roughness model was implemented in TEXSTAN and used for the predictions. The three parameters were the centerline average roughness, the cone height and the cone-to-cone pitch. The heat transfer coefficient predictions indicated good agreement with the data over most Reynolds numbers and for all airfoils-both pressure and suction sides. The transition location on the pressure side was well predicted for all airfoils; on the suction side, transition was well predicted at the higher Reynolds numbers but was computed to be somewhat early at the lower Reynolds numbers. Also, at lower Reynolds numbers, the heat transfer coefficients were not in very good agreement with the data on the suction side.Copyright © 1998 by ASME
Evaluation of a multithreaded architecture for cellular computing

Cyclops is a new architecture for high-performance parallel computers that is being developed at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center. The basic cell of this architecture is a single-chip SMP (symmetric multiprocessor) system with multiple threads of execution, embedded memory and integrated communications hardware. Massive intra-chip parallelism is used to tolerate memory and functional unit latencies. Large systems with thousands of chips can be built by replicating this basic cell in a regular pattern. In this paper, we describe the Cyclops architecture and evaluate two of its new hardware features: a memory hierarchy with a flexible cache organization and fast barrier hardware. Our experiments with the STREAM benchmark show that a particular design can achieve a sustainable memory bandwidth of 40 GB/s, equal to the peak hardware bandwidth and similar to the performance of a 128-processor SGI Origin 3800. For small vectors, we have observed in-cache bandwidth above 80 GB/s. We also show that the fast barrier hardware can improve the performance of the Splash-2 FFT kernel by up to 10%. Our results demonstrate that the Cyclops approach of integrating a large number of simple processing elements and multiple memory banks in the same chip is an effective alternative for designing high-performance systems.
Resonator fiber optic gyro with high backscatter-error suppression using two independent phase-locked lasers

A resonator fiber optic gyro was constructed using separate lasers for counter-rotating waves to overcome interference between optical backscatter and signal light that causes dead-zone behavior and scale factor nonlinearity. This approach enabled a 2 MHz frequency separation between waves in the resonator; eliminating the intended backscatter error. The two lasers were phase-locked to prevent increased gyro noise due to laser frequency noise. Dead-band-free operation near zero-rate, scale factor linearity of 25 ppm and stability of 11 ppm were demonstrated ─ the closest results to navigation-grade performance reported to date. The approach is also free of impractical frequency shifter technology.
Suggestion in Elementary Education

(1912). Suggestion in Elementary Education. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 17, No. 7, pp. 540-546.
Remedying Election Wrongs

Many matters of U.S. election administration have attracted significant popular, political, and scholarly attention in recent years, especially after Bush v. Gore. Largely slighted, however, has been the matter of how the various state election systems respond when an election outcome is unsettled or contested. Moreover, some recent electoral reforms, such as widespread provisional balloting and increased use of no-fault absentee voting, actually may increase the frequency with which contested elections occur. This article explores the complex issues that arise in remedying a failed election, and argues for the refinement and clarification of remedial standards and procedures for dealing with an election dispute. The article first identifies the primary causes of election failures, as well as the types of remedial options available beyond recounts. The article next discusses the primary values that should be protected in remedying an unsettled election. With these values in mind, the article then urges states to reconstitute their remedial processes for failed elections. First, it recommends much greater specificity in defining the remedies available for particular types of election failure. It then identifies several additional issues that a state's election contest statute should address with clarity, such as who can contest an election, what evidentiary showings to require, and the time within which a contest should be resolved. It also recommends empowering non-judicial forums, such as administrative or legislative tribunals, to settle some election contests, and encouraging citizens to adjust their expectations about our election processes - and about the appropriate remedies for failures in these processes - in recognition of the practical impossibility of developing a flawless election system.
Images in clinical medicine. Rumpel-Leede sign.

A 47-year-old woman with a history of abdominal surgery presented with syncope and acute gastrointestinal bleeding. She went to the hospital, and while she was undergoing BP monitoring, a petechial rash was noted on each arm, near the sphygmomanometer cuff.
Quality Control and Assurance of Digital Radiology

Draws up the test items for DR system and analyzes the test results which are done at a year's interval upon the understand-ing of the principle and structure of digital radiology(DR) system.Excogitates a set of quality control plan for DR system working effec-tively,reliably and stably,with quality digital images obtained after calculating and analyzing the results.
Liposome formation and properties: an evolutionary profile

The papers presented in this colloquium were chosen to illustrate the growth and diversity of ideas and applications that are derived from the original work on liposomes in Bangham’s laboratory. The first paper considers methods used to produce liposomes having different properties, followed by a paper showing how they can be used to reveal structural and permeability characteristics of natural membranes. The next paper illustrates the study of a purified protein, the Na’ pump, reconstituted in proteoliposomes. Finally, the potential which liposomes have as carriers of specific molecules is covered in a paper on the delivery of a genetically engineered protein in an anti-malarial vaccine. While the ‘liposome story’ continues to unfold with new applications and fields of study being developed each year, this is a fitting moment, following his recent retirement, to pay tribute to Alec Bangham’s massive contribution to the study of membranes. This collection of papers forms a permanent tribute from the authors and the Membrane Group of the Biochemical Society, together with the gifts and verbal expression of admiration presented during the Colloquium.
Gifted Education Without Gifted Children: The Case for No Conception of Giftedness

I am quite confident that the conception of giftedness set forth in this chapter differs significantly from those found in the other chapters of this book in that the conception I advance is no conception at all. By that, I do not mean that I have chosen not to advance a conception of giftedness. Rather, I am actively advancing the idea of no conception of giftedness as a positive development for the field of gifted education. To be clear about what I am advocating, let me state my position unequivocally. I believe that the concept of the gifted child is logically, pragmatically, and – with respect to the consequences of its application in American education – morally untenable and that the aims of the field of gifted education would have a greater likelihood of being realized if we were to dispense with it altogether. Because I realize that this is a radical position for a contributor to this book to take, I want to clarify my motivation and my positionality before advancing my argument. I write as one who considers himself to be a scholar in and of the field of gifted education. I have taught in programs for gifted students, andmy doctorate is in this field. I believe that there are individual differences in elementary and secondary students’ school performance that probably derive from a complex of ability andmotivational, social, cultural, sociopolitical, and other factors and that these have important educational implications. In other words, although I believe that all students are equal in their right to and need for an appropriate education, I do not believe that what constitutes an appropriate education is the same for all students born in a given calendar year. Educators must, to be effective and ethical, provide educational experiences that reflect the inescapable fact of individual differences in how and howwell school students learn at a given time in a given subject. A one-size-fits-all curriculum makes no more sense to me than would a one-size-fits-all shoe. Moreover, along with my colleagues in the gifted-education field, I believe that high-achieving or high-ability students are among thosewho are
Common-Law Copyright

Sound recordings made before 1972 are governed by a confusing array of state-law protections, the most notable of these being common law copyright. Although frequently treated as a pre-publication version of statutory copyright, common law copyright has less in common with statutory copyright than is generally assumed, and these differences have real effects on copyright holders and broadcasters. This piece aims to take the measure of common-law copyright and demonstrate that it is a substantially broader doctrine than statutory copyright in terms of what rights it grants to creators. Particular attention is paid to the right of public performance at common-law, which does not obey statutory limitations but instead offers blanket protection to rights holders.
Sampling for Soil Carbon Stock Assessment in Rocky Agricultural Soils

Coring methods commonly employed in soil organic C (SOC) stock assessment may not accurately capture soil rock fragment (RF) content or soil bulk density (rho (sub b)) in rocky agricultural soils, potentially biasing SOC stock estimates. Quantitative pits are considered less biased than coring methods but are invasive and often cost-prohibitive. We compared fixed-depth and mass-based estimates of SOC stocks (0.3-meters depth) for hammer, hydraulic push, and rotary coring methods relative to quantitative pits at four agricultural sites ranging in RF content from less than 0.01 to 0.24 cubic meters per cubic meter. Sampling costs were also compared. Coring methods significantly underestimated RF content at all rocky sites, but significant differences (p is less than 0.05) in SOC stocks between pits and corers were only found with the hammer method using the fixed-depth approach at the less than 0.01 cubic meters per cubic meter RF site (pit, 5.80 kilograms C per square meter; hammer, 4.74 kilograms C per square meter) and at the 0.14 cubic meters per cubic meter RF site (pit, 8.81 kilograms C per square meter; hammer, 6.71 kilograms C per square meter). The hammer corer also underestimated rho (sub b) at all sites as did the hydraulic push corer at the 0.21 cubic meters per cubic meter RF site. No significant differences in mass-based SOC stock estimates were observed between pits and corers. Our results indicate that (i) calculating SOC stocks on a mass basis can overcome biases in RF and rho (sub b) estimates introduced by sampling equipment and (ii) a quantitative pit is the optimal sampling method for establishing reference soil masses, followed by rotary and then hydraulic push corers.
GraphIn: An Online High Performance Incremental Graph Processing Framework

The massive explosion in social networks has led to a significant growth in graph analytics and specifically in dynamic, time-varying graphs. Most prior work processes dynamic graphs by first storing the updates and then repeatedly running static graph analytics on saved snapshots. To handle the extreme scale and fast evolution of real-world graphs, we propose a dynamic graph analytics framework, GraphIn, that incrementally processes graphs on-the-fly using fixed-sized batches of updates. As part of GraphIn, we propose a novel programming model called I-GAS based on gather-apply-scatter programming paradigm that allows for implementing a large set of incremental graph processing algorithms seamlessly across multiple CPU cores. We further propose a property-based, dual-path execution model to choose between incremental or static computation. Our experiments show that for a variety of graph inputs and algorithms, GraphIn achieves upi?źto 9.3 million updates/sec and over 400$$\times $$ speedup when compared to static graph recomputation.
Determination of Rayleigh wave ellipticity across the Earthscope Transportable Array using single-station and array-based processing of ambient seismic noise

Instruments (data) used in this study were made available through EarthScope (EAR-0323309), supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The facilities of the IRIS Data Management System (NSF-EAR-0552316) were used to access the waveform and metadata required in this study. We thank Kris Pankow and William Holt Steve for providing helpful comments that improved this paper. This research was supported by NSF grant Cyber SEES-1442665 and the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) under award OCRF-2014-CRG3-2300. E. Workman acknowledges the support from a Chevron Fellowship.
Population Intervention Measures to Connect Research Findings to Policy.

In this article, the author suggests that public health research should inform decision-making around programs and policies. Particular focus is given to how there is sometimes a disconnection between research and policy decision-making. Additional topics discussed include population intervention measures and research relating to binge drinking and obesity.
Programmable disorder in random DNA tilings

Scaling up the complexity and diversity of synthetic molecular structures will require strategies that exploit the inherent stochasticity of molecular systems in a controlled fashion. Here we demonstrate a framework for programming random DNA tilings and show how to control the properties of global patterns through simple, local rules. We constructed three general forms of planar network—random loops, mazes and trees—on the surface of self-assembled DNA origami arrays on the micrometre scale with nanometre resolution. Using simple molecular building blocks and robust experimental conditions, we demonstrate control of a wide range of properties of the random networks, including the branching rules, the growth directions, the proximity between adjacent networks and the size distribution. Much as combinatorial approaches for generating random one-dimensional chains of polymers have been used to revolutionize chemical synthesis and the selection of functional nucleic acids, our strategy extends these principles to random two-dimensional networks of molecules and creates new opportunities for fabricating more complex molecular devices that are organized by DNA nanostructures. Programming stochastic self-assembly of DNA origami tiles to create complex patterns with controlled properties.
Long-Term Effects of G-CSF Therapy in Cyclic Neutropenia.

The use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with cyclic neutropenia is associated with long-term survival and a decreased risk of serious infections and sepsis.
Syncope with Exercise: Mechanisms and Management

Syncope associated with exercise is infrequent but warrants special consideration, both because of the adverse prognostic implications in certain situations, and because of the community concern that often arises when these events occur in otherwise healthy active individuals such as student athletes or prominent professionals.
The Effect of Maternal Victimization on Children: A Cross-Informant Study

The impact of maternal victimization on the behavioral, social, emotional, and cognitive development in a group of 206 low-income, predominantly African American children from inner city, pediatric primary health care clinics was explored using mother, teacher, and self-report data. Results revealed that mothers with a victimization history reported more externalizing and internalizing behaviors in their children, compared to mothers who had not been victimized. Maternal victimization history was not related to teachers' ratings of children's behavior, child reports of social competence and depression, or standardized assessments of cognitive development. The relation between mothers' history of victimization and their reports of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in their children was mediated by pathways through maternal depression and disciplinary practices (verbal aggression). These findings provide evidence for the link between maternal victimization and children's behavior problems. Treatment for victimized mothers that reduces their depressive symptoms and promotes adaptive parenting practices may lead to fewer behavior problems in their children.
The Line Source Function

In this chapter we shall have need of the following quantities and relationships in addition to those defined in Chapter I: $$j > i$$ $${A_{ji}} = {\text{spontaneous transition probability}}$$ $${B_{ji}} = {\text{Induced transition coefficient}}$$ $${B_{ij}} = \frac{{{{\tilde \omega }_j}}}{{{{\tilde \omega }_i}}}{B_{ji}}$$ (II-1) $${A_{ji}} = \frac{{2h{v^3}}}{{{c^2}}}{B_{ji}}$$ (II-2) $${B_{ij}} = {\text{absorption coefficient}}$$ $${C_{ij}} = {\text{collisional transition probability from }}i{\text{ to }}j$$ $${R_{ij}} = {\text{combined transition probability from }}i{\text{ to }}j$$ $$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{P_{{\text{ij}}}}}& = &{{{\tilde \omega }_i}{e^{ - {x_i}/kT}}{R_{ij}}} \\ {}& = &{{W_{\text{i}}}{R_{{\text{ij}}}}} \\ {{P_{{\text{ii}}}}}& = &{\sum\limits_{\text{j}} {{P_{{\text{ij}}}}} } \end{array}$$ (II-3) $${\chi _{\text{i}}} = {\text{excitation energy}}$$ $${C_{{\text{ij}}}}{W_{\text{i}}} = {C_{{\text{ji}}}}{W_{\text{j}}}$$ ψ ν = profile of A ji normalized to unit area.