cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strains and micromotions of press-fit femoral stem prostheses

Average femoral geometry was determined from sections of 25 human femurs. A 'stem design program' was used to determine the largest femoral stem that could be introduced into the canal. The stem was fine tuned by observations of fit in Plexiglass models of the 25 femurs. This stem was called the 'Exact-Fit'. Type 1 stem was formed by grinding the anterior and posterior faces flat. Type 2 stem was formed by additionally grinding the medial and lateral faces flat. Four fresh femurs were used for the experiments. Strain gages were located on the proximal medial area and level with the distal lateral tip. Displacement transducers were mounted proximally to measure stem-bone micromotion. Vertical and anterior-posterior forces were applied to the femoral head and normal strain data obtained. The stems were then inserted in sequence and the strains and micromotions were measured. After the uncemented stems had been tested, a smaller size of 'exact-fit' stem was cemented and the tests repeated. The strains with the uncemented stems were closer to normal than with the cemented stems. For example, compressive calcar strains averaged 56% of normal uncemented compared with 30% cemented for the different loadings. The micromotion was higher uncemented, but was still at a low level. The 'exact-fit' stem gave less resultant micromotion than the type 1 and type 2 stems. The high variation of the strain results was attributed to variations in stem-bone contact and fit. The study provided information of direct application to press-fit stems in hip replacement surgery.
State Power and its Limits Corporatism in Mexico

Several analysts of Mexican politics have suggested that the Mexican State is largely autonomous and exercises substantial control over that country's policy development process. This study, howeve...
Morphology of foci of altered hepatocytes and naturally-occurring hepatocellular tumors in F344 rats

The morphology of liver tumors of F344 rats used as controls in carcinogenesis bioassays were studied. Foci of cellular alteration composed of hepatocytes with basophilic cytoplasm were found commonly in F344 rats, 2 years of age. Eosinophilic and vacuolated foci were considerably less common. The morphology of 67 nodular hepatic lesions indicated that 54 were neoplastic nodules and 13 hepatocellular carcinomas. The majority of these tumors were composed of basophilic hepatocytes. Some of the carcinomas appeared to arise within neoplastic nodules. No tumors metastasized.
A matrix approach to calculate the failure frequency and related indices

Abstract A matrix approach for the calculation of frequency of system failure and other related indices is described. This approach further simplifies the calculation of reliability indices for large and complex systems. An algorithm for the automated generation of transition rate matrix is also described.
Multilattice microcanonical simulation of the three-dimensional three-state Potts model

The three-state Potts model with nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions on a three-dimensional simple cubic lattice is studied numerically by the multilattice microcanonical simulation. This simulation allows for the determination of the van der Waals curve of metastable and unstable states in the energy-temperature curve, which demonstrates that the transition is first order and allows for the determination of the transition temperature via a Maxwell equal-area construction. We have obtained the temperature dependence of the energy, constant-volume heat capacity, and order parameter, as well as the order-parameter correlation function at selected temperatures above and below the phase transition point. Our main results for a lattice of N${=16}^{3}$ spins are the first-order transition temperature ${k}_{B}$${T}^{\mathrm{*}}$/J=1.81618(7), latent heat per spin L/JN=0.2222(7), entropy jump per spin \ensuremath{\Delta}S/${k}_{B}$N=0.122(3), constant-volume specific-heat discontinuity per spin \ensuremath{\Delta}${C}_{V}$/${k}_{B}$N=9.0(5), and order-parameter discontinuity \ensuremath{\Delta}M=0.460(5). We also present results for a lattice of N${=32}^{3}$ to examine finite-size effects.
PROGNOSIS IN MALIGNANT MELANOMA

A uniform and practical classification and staging system for melanoma must exist and be widely adopted if useful comparisons between different treatment centers and databases are to be made. This article reviews the 1992 American Joint Committee on Cancer pTNM staging system. In this classification, localized disease without regional nodal involvement is defined as stage I or II, depending on the tumor thickness of the primary melanoma. Regional lymph node involvement and/or in-transit metastasis is defined as stage III, and systemic metastatic disease is defined as stage IV.
Regulation of Melatonin Synthesis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) Pineal Organs: Effects of Calcium Depletion and Calcium Channel Drugs

The effects of calcium depletion and of three calcium channel drugs on melatonin synthesis in pineal organs of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) were examined. Dark-induced melatonin synthesis was inhibited by calcium depletion, by treatment with nitrendipine (NTR), an antagonist of the L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel, and by treatment with omega-Conotoxin GVIA, an antagonist of the N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel. Bay K 8644, an agonist of the L-type channel, had no significant effect on pineal melatonin synthesis. These data represent evidence that calcium entry into trout pineal photoreceptor cells through voltage-sensitive calcium channels is important in the maintenance of dark-induced melatonin synthesis and that light's inhibitory effect on melatonin synthesis may be mediated by closure of these channels. NTR-induced inhibition of dark-induced melatonin synthesis was abolished when dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) was administered to NTR-treated pineal organs, suggesting that calcium acts upstream of cAMP in regulating melatonin synthesis.
Bottomless complexity of core structure and kink mechanisms of dislocation motion in silicon

Abstract Dislocation core is imperfect and populated by a variety of zero-dimensional defect species––kinks, reconstruction defects, core vacancies, etc., and their combinations. Structural origin of such a rich spectrum of core excitations and its possible contribution to dislocation behavior under stress is the topic of this contribution.
Schemas and neural networks for sixth generation computing. Invited survey

Abstract The study of animal and human brains suggests overall architectural principles for “sixth generation computers.” Each such machine will comprise a network of more specialized devices, with many of these devices structured as highly parallel arrays of interacting neuron-like, possibly adaptive, components. We stress the interaction between computational neurobiology and neural engineering and note the two grains of analysis of schemas and neural networks, arguing that “schemas will be the programming language of the sixth generation.” After a brief introduction to the variety of neuron models now current, schemas are exemplified in a discussion of high-level vision. The integration of neural network and schema models is brought out in an integrated set of studies, called Rana computatrix , of mechanisms for visuomotor coordination in frog and toad. Whereas many articles on neural networks focus on learning and restrict themselves to a limited class of simple neurons, the present paper emphasizes the “domain-specific” structure of neural networks, as well as emphasizing that technologists have much to learn from the study of neurobiological systems. We close with a brief account of adaptation and the programming of sixth generation computers.
Urban Economic Development and Intergovernmental Relations

The economies of many urban areas in advanced Western countries are experiencing serious pressures as a result of changes in international and national economies, in technology, and in the pattern of demand. The process by which urban areas respond to these changes frequently results in profound structural transformations of metropolitan economies, accompanied by serious economic and social dislocations. Increasingly, governments have found it necessary to respond to these changes. This paper is a summary of these developments and provides a context for the theme papers which follow.
Comparative analysis of GALLEX and GNO solar neutrino data

Abstract Since the GALLEX and GNO datasets were derived from closely related experiments, there is a natural tendency to merge them. This is perhaps appropriate for any analysis based on the hypothesis that the solar neutrino flux is constant, but it is not necessarily appropriate for an analysis that allows for possible variability, since the GALLEX and GNO experiments belong to different solar cycles. Moreover, we find significant differences between the GALLEX and GNO datasets. It appears, from inspection of the time series and histograms, that GNO measurements are compatible with the assumption that the solar neutrino flux is constant, but GALLEX measurements are not. Furthermore, power-spectrum analysis yields evidence of rotational modulation in GALLEX data but not in GNO data. We compare our results with those of Pandola, who claims that GALLEX–GNO data show no evidence for variability.
Management of Impairment, Disability, and Handicap Due to Multiple Sclerosis

In this article, we update management measures for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) that can improve or prevent impairment, disability, and handicap and include those factors that a primary-care physician can implement or facilitate. The medical literature since 1989 was reviewed. Although new drug trials hold promise to decrease impairment from MS, wellcoordinated interdisciplinary care to minimize disability and handicap most profoundly affect the quality of life for patients with MS. MS is usually not severely disabling, and appropriately timed intervention can prevent secondary impairment and reduce disability and handicap. Pharmacologic, physical, and psychosocial issues—ranging from spasticity, pain, weakness, and tremor to neurogenic bowel man-agement and sexuality—are addressed. General wellness measures remain important. The influence of the Americans With Disabilities Act is discussed, and specific adaptive equipment and social resources are outlined. The ultimate goals of management of patients with MS are functional independence and efficient use of medical and community resources: a focus on "ability" rather than "disability." Although impairment can limit function, wellness and adjustment have no boundaries.
Nucleotide sequence of cassava latent virus DNA

Only two groups of plant viruses, the caulimoviruses1,2 and the geminiviruses3, are known to contain a genome of DNA. Unlike that of the caulimoviruses, the genome of the geminivinises is composed of single-stranded, covalently-closed circles of DNA. There is evidence that the geminiviruses, specifically bean golden mosaic virus4 and tomato golden mosaic virus5, have a genome composed of two similar-sized circles of DNA, and the molecular cloning of both components from tomato golden mosaic virus has recently been reported6. No information is available, however, concerning the protein coding capacity of the genome, the possible modes of UNA transcription and DNA replication and the assembly of mature components into the characteristic geminate particles. We report here on the derivation of the nucleotide sequence of the geminivirus, cassava latent virus (CLV), as a fundamental step towards the investigation of the mode of replication of this group of viruses. Results show that CLV DNA comprises two similar-sized molecular species with a common region encompassing almost 200 nucleotides. The organization of the genome is discussed.
Computer Simulation of Deposition of Aerosols in a Turbulent Channel Flow with Rough Walls

Dispersion and deposition of particles in a turbulent channel flow with rough walls are studied. A procedure for simulating the deposition of aerosol particles on a rough surface is developed. The instantaneous turbulent flow field is generated as the sum of a mean and a randomly fluctuating Gaussian field. Particle equation of motion including the effects of Brownian diffusion, Saffman lift force, and gravity is solved numerically. Starting with an initially uniform concentration near the wall, ensembles of particle trajectories are generated and statistically analyzed. Several simulations for deposition of aerosol particles of various sizes are performed and the corresponding deposition velocities are evaluated. The results are compared with those obtained by empirical equations and experimental data
A Prospective Evaluation of PTFE Graft Patency and Surveillance Techniques in Hemodialysis Access

-test was used to compare groups. Primary and secondary patency rates at 1 year were 43% and 64%. Venous line pressures tended to rise over time. Recirculation values and blood flow rates during dialysis showed no correlation to graft patency. These results show that ePTFE provides a suitable secondary choice for vascular access for end-stage renal disease patients in whom an autogenous fistula is not possible. Thrombosis and anastomotic stenosis are common and should be aggressively identified and treated to prolong overall graft survival.
Permeability of underthrust sediments at the Costa Rican subduction zone: Scale dependence and implications for dewatering

[1] Sediment permeability is a key parameter controlling overpressure development and fluid egress at subduction zones. Existing data compilations for argillaceous sediments illustrate that scale effects on permeability are generally minor, although this is a topic of active debate. Here, we report laboratory permeability measurements from sediments incoming to the Costa Rican subduction zone, at porosities from 26% to 78%. We then apply a method for directly estimating average permeability at the scale of sediment layer thickness, constrained by published estimates of excess pore pressure. Permeability values from both methods are in excellent agreement, and exhibit a trend consistent with permeability-porosity relationships used in numerical models at scales of several to 10's of km. Our results indicate no scale dependence of permeability, and strengthen previous interpretations drawn from more limited data sets. The permeability-porosity relationship we derive is comparable to those inferred at the Nankai and Barbados subduction zones, indicating that the high porosity, and hence high permeability, of incoming sediments at Costa Rica is the most likely explanation for comparatively rapid dewatering there.
Geoid Anomalies and Dynamic Topography from Time Dependent, Spherical Axisymmetric Mantle Convection

Geoid anomalies and dynamic topography are two important diagnostics of mantle convection. We present geoid and topography results for several time-dependent convection models in spherical axisymmetric geometry for Rayleigh numbers between 10(exp 6) and 10(exp 7) with depth-dependent viscosity and mixtures of bottom and internal heating. The models are strongly chaotic, with boundary layer instabilities erupting out of both thermal boundary layers. In some instances, instabilities from one boundary layer influence the development of instabilities in the other boundary layer. Such coupling between events at the top and bottom of the mantle has been suggested to play a role in a mid-Cretaceous episode of enhanced volcanism in the Pacific. These boundary layer instabilities produce large temporal variations in the geoid anomalies and dynamic nd to the topography associated with the convection. The amplitudes of these fluctuations depend on the detailed model parameter,.% it of this but fluctuations of 30-50% relative to the time-averaged geoid and topography are common. The convective planform is strongly sensitive to the specific initial conditions. Convection cells with larger aspect ratio tend to have larger fractional fluctuations in their geoid and topography amplitudes, because boundary layer instabilities have more time to develop in long cells. In some instances, we observe low-amplitude topographic highs adjacent to the topographic lows produced by cold downwellings. We discuss applications of these results to several situations, including the temporal variability of m basis. hotspots such as Hawaii, the topography of subduction zone outer rises, and the topography of coronae on Venus.
Vitellogenin induction by estradiol in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.

Abstract In oviparous vertebrates estrogens induce hepatic synthesis of vitellogenin (VG), a blood protein sequestered in vitellogenic oocytes and from which lipovitellin (LV) and phosvitin are derived. Our objective was to identify VG in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus . An intraperitoneal injection of estradiol-17β into adult male fish induced a dose-dependent accumulation of a 150 kDa protein (EP) in the plasma. EP was detectable in Coomassie blue-stained polyacrylamide gels within 24 hr after injection of 2 mg hormone/100 g body weight. During the next 4 days, EP increased from 5 to about 25% of the total plasma protein. Electrophoretic mobility, peptide mapping, and immunological crossreactivity showed EP to be indistinguishable from a plasma protein in adult females with vitellogenic ovaries. Two major yolk polypeptides, YP1 (120 kDa) and YP2 (29.6 kDa), were precipitated by (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 from a yolk protein extract. YP1 but not YP2 reacted with an anti-EP polyclonal antiserum in Western blots. Peptide mapping after proteolysis with trypsin showed YPs 1 and 2 to be unique and revealed structural homologies between YP1 and EP. Liver but not pancreatic explants from an estradiol-treated male synthesized and secreted a [ 35 S]methionine-labeled, 150 kDa protein beginning about 2 hr after initial exposure to the label. We tentatively conclude that EP and YP1 represent VG and LV, respectively. YP2 remains unidentified.
Imitative play behavior of children: The importance of model distinctiveness and prior imitative training☆

Abstract The frequency of play behaviors of nursery school and second grade subjects (N = 116) who were imitative of one of two models depended upon the extent to which the two models were previously distinguished by the proportion of reinforcement each delivered, and whether reinforcement delivery was contingent upon imitative behavior. A model, high in distinctiveness and also involved in prior imitative training, engendered reliably more imitations than models high (or low) in distinctiveness but involved in nonimitative (or imitative) training.
Women’s Experiences of Sexual Attention: a Cross-Sectional Study of U.S. University Students

ABSTRACT. Objectives: This cross-sectional investigation of women's experiences of sexual attention examined the role of dispositional and situational variables in how women experienced sexual attention (as positive, negative, or neutral). Methods: Participants were 350 U.S. college women recruited from undergraduate psychology courses. They completed questionnaires on objectified body consciousness, social physique anxiety, self-esteem, body esteem, and social desirability. A subset (N = 275) also reported retrospectively on experiences with sexual attention in 1 of 4 contexts: at a bar/club, at a gym, at school, or at work. It was hypothesized that the context where sexual attention occurs would be associated with how positive or negative the encounter was experienced. Results: The relationship between context and experience of sexual attention approached but did not achieve significance. When controlling for demographic variables and social desirability, self-esteem and body esteem were negatively asso...
The Impact of Maternal Factors on Neonatal Presentation and Morbidity in the Paediatric Emergency Department 386

The Impact of Maternal Factors on Neonatal Presentation and Morbidity in the Paediatric Emergency Department 386
Seismic detection algorithm and sensor deployment recommendations for perimeter security

Field studies were conducted in 2005 in Yuma, Arizona at the Yuma Proving Grounds (YPG) to document seismic signatures of walking humans. Walker-generated vertical ground vibrations were recorded using standard omni-directional 4.5 Hz peak-resonance geophones. Walker position and speed were measured using portable GPS equipment. Collected seismic data were processed and hypothetical sensor performance predictions were made using an algorithm developed for the detection and classification of a walking intruder. Sample results for the Yuma study are presented in the form of sensor detection/classification vs. range plots, and color-coded animations of seismic sensor alarm annunciations during walking intruder tests. A perimeter intrusion scenario for a Forward Operating Base is defined that involves a walker approaching a sensor picket-line along a path exactly halfway between two adjacent sensors. This is considered a conservative representation of the perimeter intrusion problem. Summary plots derived from a binomial probability based analysis define intruder detection probabilities for different sensor spacings. For a 215 lb intruder walking in the Yuma test environment, a 90% probability of at least two walker-classified sensor detections is achieved at a sensor spacing of 140 m. Preliminary investigations show the intruder classification component of the discussed detection/classification algorithm to perform well at rejecting signals associated with a nearby idling vehicle and normal background noise.
Lack of RIC-3 congruence with β2 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in bipolar disorder

Abstract Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) dysfunction occurs in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and may also affect individuals with bipolar disorder (BP). The molecular mechanisms for these disease-associated cholinergic deficits are not known. In vitro , the protein RIC-3 (resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase-3) aids the assembly and trafficking of α7-nAChRs but has unclear action on the biogenesis of α4/β2-nAChRs. To evaluate RIC-3/nAChR dynamics in diseased and normal human brain tissue, we measured RIC-3, α7-, α4- and β2-nAChRs transcript levels in postmortem prefrontal cortex of individuals with SZ ( n =31), BP ( n =28) and unaffected controls (NC, n =33). Of the 28 individuals with BP, 20 had a history of psychotic symptoms. We compared relative message abundances between diagnostic groups and tested correlations of RIC-3 with each nAChR message subtype. RIC-3 and α4 messages were significantly increased in BP compared with NC (RIC-3, P ≤0.002; α4, P ≤0.04). RIC-3 message was also upregulated in SZ ( P ≤0.04). In BP with psychoses, RIC-3 and α4 levels were increased compared with BP without psychoses (both P ≤0.02) and compared with NC (RIC-3, P ≤0.0003; α4, P ≤0.004). In correlation regression analyses, RIC-3 expression was very highly correlated to α7, α4 and β2 in NC (α7, P ≤2.5e-05; α4, P ≤2.5e-09; β2, P ≤0.003) and in SZ (α7, P ≤1e-07; α4, P ≤7e-07; β2, P ≤3e-09). RIC-3 also strongly correlated with α7 and α4 in BP (α7, P ≤0.003; α4, P ≤3.5e-07). RIC-3 was modestly correlated with β2 in BP overall ( P ≤0.04), but showed no significant correlation in BP with psychoses ( P ≤0.31) compared with a significant correlation in BP without psychoses ( P ≤0.007). In conclusion, coordinated RIC-3/α4 upregulation and discordant RIC-3/β2 levels suggest that α4/β2 nAChR deficits in BP may occur from dysregulated RIC-3 chaperoning of the β2 nAChR subunit in a subset of patients affected by psychotic features.
Venous air embolism: clinical and experimental considerations.

ObjectiveTo examine the existing literature concerning venous air embolism. Causes, patho-physiology, and management are emphasized.Data SourcesThe literature that was reviewed was retrieved from the MEDLINE System under the headings “venous air embolism,” “air embolism,” “therapy of air embolism,”
Speed sonic across the span: building a platform audio game

We describe the design process and initial user study of an audio game created for the visually impaired. Until the advent of 3D graphics games, platform games where the player jumps from platform to platform, such as Mario and Sonic, [1] were wildly popular. Although many audio games have been developed over the past decade, the platform genre has been all but ignored. To fill this gap and to add to the limited choices visually impaired gamers have, we developed a platform game that can be also be played via audio-only interface and compared it to a traditional audio-visual version.
EFFECT OF SHORT‐TERM HIGH CO2 TREATMENT ON THE MARKET QUALITY OF STORED BROCCOLI

Broccoli was treated at 5°C with 20, 30 and 40% CO2 for 3 and 6 days soon after harvest, and then transferred to storage in air at 5°C. CO2 injury was severe in samples treated with 40% CO2 for 6 days. Offensive odor and flavor also developed by the end of 6 days' treatment with 30% CO2 but dissipated when the broccoli was transferred to air. CO2 delayed yellowing and loss of both chlorophyll and ascorbic acid, and retarded ethylene production. Except at the level that was injurious to the tissue, CO2 retarded mold growth and had no appreciable effect on compactness, turgor, and opening of the florets.
Delayed Fluorescence, Reaction Kinetics And Organic Materials

Non-classical techniques, based on phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence, are applied to the study of chemical reactions in confined geometries and to the study of exciton fusion in disordered films, polymers and membranes. These techniques also characterize the topology, morphology and structure of molecular aggregates, strands, pores, and domain boundaries.
Scaling of the ballistic tongue apparatus in chameleons.

Body dimensions of organisms can have a profound impact on their functional and structural prop- erties. We examined the morphological proportions of the feeding apparatus of 105 chameleon specimens rep- resenting 23 species in seven genera, spanning a 1,000- fold range in body mass to test whether the feeding ap- paratus conforms to the null hypotheses of geometric similarity that is based on the prevalence of geometric similarity in other ectothermic vertebrates. We used a phylogenetically corrected regression analysis based on a composite phylogenetic hypothesis to determine the interspecific scaling patterns of the feeding apparatus. We also determined the intraspecific (ontogenetic) scal- ing patterns for the feeding apparatus in three species. We found that both intraspecifically and interspecifically, the musculoskeletal components of the feeding appara- tus scale isometrically among themselves, independent of body length. The feeding apparatus is thus of con- served proportions regardless of overall body length. In contrast, we found that the tongue apparatus as a whole and its musculoskeletal components scale with negative allometry with respect to snout-vent length—smaller individuals have a proportionately larger feeding appa- ratus than larger individuals, both within and among species. Finally, the tongue apparatus as a whole scales with negative allometry with respect to body mass through ontogeny, but with isometry interspecifically. We suggest that the observed allometry may be main- tained by natural selection because an enlarged feeding apparatus at small body size may maximize projection distance and the size of prey that smaller animals with higher mass-specific metabolic rates can capture. J. Mor-
Cardiomyopathy in pregnancy

Cardiomyopathy during pregnancy is uncommon but potentially catastrophic to maternal health, accounting for up to 11% of maternal deaths. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is diagnosed in women without a history of heart disease 1 month before delivery or within 5 months postpartum. About half of all women will have full myocardial recovery within 6 months of diagnosis, but complications such as severe heart failure or death are not rare. African-American women have higher rates of diagnosis and adverse events. Women with preexisting cardiomyopathy, such as dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, followed closely during pregnancy often tolerate pregnancy and delivery. Risk factors for adverse outcomes include functional status at baseline, severity of systolic dysfunction or outflow tract gradient, or history of prior cardiac event, such as arrhythmia or stroke. The level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) can be used to risk stratify women for adverse events. Pregnant women with cardiomyopathy should be followed closely by a multidisciplinary team comprised of nurses, obstetricians, neonatologists, cardiologists, anesthesiologists, and cardiac surgeons.
Modification of polysulfone gas separation membranes by additives

The incorporation of additives into polymers like bisphenol A polysulfone (PSF) can provide an attractive alternative for modifying their permselective properties for gas separation, provided the additive is appropriately selected. In this work, three series of additives based on naphthalene, bisphenol A, and fluorene structures were incorporated into PSF and their effect on gas transport properties was measured. The results show that these additives increase selectivity and reduce permeability of PSF when incorporated at low concentrations. The largest increases in selectivity for the gas pairs He/CH4, H2/CH4, and O2/N2 are caused by those additives that cause the largest reductions in the glass transition temperature and fractional free volume, and typically, they are made up of planar molecules containing polar or small asymmetric protuberances. The productivity—selectivity balance response of the modified PSF membranes reveals that the naphthalene-based additives containing asymmetric groups of atoms lead to membranes with higher selectivity and with only small losses in permeability relative to the unmodified PSF membranes. The addition of 20 wt % of the glassy additive Kenflex A into PSF causes a fourfold increase in the selectivity of PSF to He/CH4 at the expense of a 37% reduction in the permeability of helium. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1925–1941, 1997
Factors in the measurement of pineal acetylserotonin methyltransferase activity in the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis.

Abstract Pineal acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) activity was studied in western fence lizards ( Sceloporus occidentalis ) collected in May in Napa Co., California. Although pineal dry weight differed in the two age (size) classes of animals present (adults, 25.1 ± 1.6 μg; subadults, 16.1 ± 1.3 μg), pineal ASMT activity per unit weight did not differ. Thin-layer chromatography of extracts from enzyme incubations with N -acetylserotonin showed a single methylated product comparable to melatonin or 6-hydroxymelatonin. Different apparent ASMT activities were obtained in incubations with different buffer systems over the same pH range. Results suggest that phosphate buffer coupled with excess substrate concentrations and incubation temperature of 37°C is inhibitory to pineal ASMT in this species. Tris-HCl is shown to be the preferred buffer, and saturation concentrations of substrate and methyl donor are demonstrated.
Baptisia Poisoning: A New and Toxic Look-alike in the Neighborhood

Abstract Background Baptisia is commonly found in residential gardens as an ornamental plant, in municipal "rain gardens" for water control, as well as in native and restored prairie habitat. Cytisine, an alkaloid with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist properties, is a component of Baptisia . Case Report Two patients poisoned after simultaneously ingesting Baptisia plant material are presented. In addition to findings of generalized nicotinic agonist toxicity, including generalized weakness and gastrointestinal symptoms, profound ataxia was present in both, consistent with recently described nicotinic subunit activity in the cerebellum. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Baptisia , a native prairie plant commonly found in restored prairie habitats and public spaces, has striking "look-alike" characteristics, in its immature state, to asparagus. As future exposures by foraging citizens will be likely, awareness of this relationship and the toxic manifestations of cytisine will be useful.
Enclosing the River: Industrialisation and the 'Property Rights' Discourse in the Liri Valley (South of Italy), 1806-1916

The 'tragedy of the commons' narrative states the eco-efficiency of private property, but this is basically a theoretical assumption, nor it is supported by the environmental history of the industrial era. The Liri valley story, located at the periphery of the industrial revolution, provides an excellent opportunity for investigating the environmental impact of privatisation in water resources, and its social costs. The article also shows how, in the process of appropriating the energetic yield of water, early industrial capitalists participated in the emergence of the post-feudal discourse of private property and public good.
Repairing trust in an e-commerce and security context: an agent-based modeling approach

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to study the critical role of trust in electronic commerce extensively in the context of establishing initial trust between trading partners. Ongoing trust between partners can quickly be eroded through security or other trust violations. This paper examines whether customers are willing to transact with an eCommerce vendor in light of security and trust violations. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws upon research in professional trust relationships and adapts it to the e-commerce context to create a process view of trust violation and repair. Using a design science framework, this paper employs agent-based modeling as the simulation technique to study the implications of security and trust violations on the willingness of customers to continue transacting with the vendor. The simulations are conducted for a variety of trust violations and reconciliation actions. Findings – While some of the results are predictable, the key finding for managers is that moderat...
Functional Imaging as a Window to Dementia: Corticobasal Degeneration

Cover and Figure 1. Statistical parametric map displaying regions of significant hypometabolism superimposed on a threedimensional reconstruction of magnetic resonance images and selected axial images from the source positron emission tomography F-fluorodeoxyglucose data set in a patient with corticobasal degeneration. Note the prominent asymmetrical metabolic decreases in the occipital and parietal lobes (arrows).
Use of t-butyldimethylsilyl cyanoacetate for preparation of α-cyano ketones

The synthesis of t-butyldimethylsilyl cyanoacetate and the reactions of its anion with acyl donors are described. The reagent was found to be the method of choice for the syntheses of α-cyano ketone substrate analogues for carboxypeptidase A. These compounds have been shown to be potent mechanism-based inactivators for the enzyme.
Molecular interpretation of T∥, the rubbery-viscous ‘transition’ temperature of amorphous polymers

Abstract Many physical and mechanical properties of amorphous polymers show anomalous behaviour at a temperature above T g , designated T ∥ , the ‘liquid-liquid transition temperature’. It is suggested here that T ∥ can be considered to be the rubbery-viscous ‘transition’ temperature of amorphous polymers, analogous to T g , the glassy-rubbery transition temperature. At T ∥ , the viscous dissipation goes through a maximum due to a shift in response of the molecules to stress from a coiling-uncoiling process (elastic rubbery region) to slippage between the molecules (viscous region). It is argued here that this maximum is responsible for the occurrence of a maximum in log(decrement) traces obtained by torsional braid analysis (t.b.a.) above T g .
Complex halides of transition metals — XIII[1] The isolation and characterization of the acridinium salt [C13H10N]2Re3Cl8, and a study of the x-ray photoelectron spectra of the Re3Cl82−, Re3Cl112− and Re3Cl123− cluster anions

Acridine reacts with an acetone solution of rhenium(III) chloride to afford the acridinium salt [AcrH]2Re3Cl8, the first complex chloride of rhenium(II) chloride to have been isolated. Acridinium hydrochloride is isolated as a by-product of this redox reaction. As part of the characterization of this derivative, its X-ray photoelectron spectrum has been recorded and the rhenium 4f and chlorine 2p binding energies measured. Related studies have also been made on several salts of the Re3Cl112− and Re3Cl123− anions. The chlorine 2p12 and 2p32 binding energies of [AcrH]2CoCl4 and [CoCl2. Acr]n− both new complexes - together with [pyH]2CoCl4 and [CoCl2.2py]n, are also reported and the use of this technique in distinguishing different types of metal-chlorine bonds is discussed.
Extraction and analysis of plant alkanes and long-chain alcohols using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)

We explored a one-step method of extracting plant cuticular hydrocarbons for the analysis of diet composition, intake, and passage rate of herbivores. Alkanes (waxes produced by plants) and long-chain alcohols (LCOHs) have traditionally been extracted via a sequence of saponification and esterification (S/E) separation techniques, which are labor- and time-intensive. We improved upon the alkane method by extracting samples in hexane using Dionex's Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE®; Dionex Corporation, Bannockburn, IL) with simultaneous purification of long-chain hydrocarbons using Florisil® (U. S. Silica, Berkeley Springs, WV) and Davisil® (W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn., Columbia, MD) solid-phase absorbents. This improvement allows for rapid preparation of samples for analysis of both alkanes and LCOHs for gas chromatography analysis. Recovery and quantification of plant alkanes was assessed using 5 forages that were phenologically and morphologically distinct and endemic to South-central Alaska, USA, to ensure both methods were tested under conditions for which they would be used. We found that recovery of alkanes was 20% higher (P < 0.0001) for the ASE method compared with the S/E method. Correcting for recovery, we found that both methods provided equivalent estimates of alkane concentrations (r2 = 0.9987). Recovery of LCOHs was significantly higher by 7.8% (P = 0.03) for the ASE method compared with the S/E method. Both methods provided similarly clean extractions, with satisfactory baseline and peak separations. We found that the single-step ASE process was effective in the extraction, purification, and quantification of both alkanes and LCOHs from plant materials, resulting in significant savings in time while using less corrosive solvents. Recoveries of both alkanes and LCOHs were higher for the ASE method. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Survey of general quantum physics

The abstract description of a physical system is developed, along lines originally suggested by Birkhoff and von Neumann, in terms of the complete lattice of propositions associated with that system, and the distinction between classical and quantum systems is made precise. With the help of the notion of state, a propositional system is defined: it is remarked that every irreducible propositional system (of more than three dimensions) is isomorphic to the lattice of all closed subspaces of a Hilbert space constructed on some division ring with involution. The propositional system consisting of a family of separable complex Hilbert spaces is treated as a particular case which is sufficiently general to include both classical and quantum mechanics. The theory of the Galilean particle without spin is given as an illustration. Finally the basis for the statistical interpretation of wave mechanics is developed with the help of Gleason’s theorem in an appendix, a proof of essentially the first part of Gleason’s theorem is given which is a little different (perhaps more geometric) from that originally given by Gleason.
Heteroepitaxial 3C-SiC on Si with Various Carbonization Process Conditions

The surface morphology and crystallinity of cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) films are the most important factors to affect performance of 3C-SiC-based electronic devices. This article presents the effect of carbonization condition, such as the process temperature and the source gas flow rate, on the surface roughness and crystalline quality of heteroepitaxial 3C-SiC films grown on Si(001) substrates. Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals that decreasing the carbon-based precursor gas-on temperature from 1100°C to 700°C after in situ cleaning significantly improves the surface morphology of subsequent 3C-SiC films. Also, decreasing the carbonization temperature from 1250°C to 1150°C reduces the protrusion defect density from >400/mm2 to <30/mm2. Comparison of crystalline quality of 3C-SiC with two different propane gas flow rates of 3 sccm and 15 sccm during carbonization, using x-ray diffractometry and scanning probe microscopy, indicates little influence on crystalline quality as flow rate changes.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Integrating Genetics and the Social Sciences

The First Annual Integrating Genetics and the Social Sciences (IGSS) conference was held on June 2 to 3 at the Institute of Behavioral Science on the campus of the University of Colorado at Boulder...
Hospital readmissions and emergency department visits in moderate preterm, late preterm, and early term infants

The increased vulnerability of late preterm infants is no longer a novel concept in neonatology, with many studies documenting excess morbidity and mortality in these infants during the birth hospitalization. Because outcomes related to gestational age constitute a continuum, it is important to analyze data from the gestational age groups that bookend late preterm infants infants-moderate preterm infants (31-32 weeks) and early term infants (37-38 weeks). This article evaluates hospital readmissions and emergency department visits in the first 30 days after discharge from birth hospitalization in a large cohort of infants greater than or equal to 31 weeks' gestation.
Optical coatings for laser fusion applications

Abstract Lasers for fusion experiments use thin film dielectric coatings for reflecting, antireflecting and polarizing surface elements. Coatings are most important in neodymium-doped glass lasers. The most important requirements of these coatings are the accuracy of the average value of reflectance and transmission, the uniformity of amplitude and phase front of the reflected or transmitted light and the laser damage threshold. Damage resistance strongly affects the laser's design and performance. The success of advanced lasers for future experiments and for reactor applications requires significant developments in damage-resistant coatings for UV laser radiation.
The Wind in the Willows and the Style of Romance

The style of Kenneth Grahame’s The Wind in the Willows arises from an alternative vision and choice of values characteristic of romance. Romance seeks fulfillment beyond the consequences of everyday relationships and the constrictions of ordinary life. Causal relationships give way to lists of independent items, unmotivated outcomes, and fulfilled wishes. Typical syntax in The Wind in the Willows includes compound listing of elements: instead of subordinating the parts to each other, both sentence style and larger organization deemphasize causality, giving an additive and coordinate nature to the work. Grahame’s style is an appropriate vehicle for a “new life” that is inherently rather than conditionally worthwhile. Characters acknowledge each other as ends. Such a style is a natural outcome of the worldview of romance.
Family Influences on Racial Identity among African American Youth.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of parental efficacy, family coping, and adaptive family functioning on the development of racial identity among African American youth. Fifty...
Infliximab therapy for ulcerative colitis: many unanswered questions.

Infliximab, a chimeric antibody targeting tumor necrosis factor , was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in late 1998 for the treatment of active, as well as fistulizing Crohn's disease. This is the first biological response modifier to be approved despite the fact that the two placebo-controlled trials were small by FDA standards (approximately 200 patients). Approval was expedited on an orphan drug status because of the rapid dramatic clinical response, as well as the first documentation of significant and rapid endoscopic healing correlating with clinical, laboratory, and quality of life improvements. Finally, this was the first placebo-controlled study to show statistically significant improvement and closure of perianal fistula.
Graphical rule-based representation of signal-transduction networks

The process by which a cell senses and responds to its environment, as in signal transduction, is often mediated by a network of protein-protein interactions, in which proteins combine to form complexes and undergo post-translational modifications, which regulate their enzymatic and binding activities. A typical signaling protein contains multiple sites of protein interaction and modification and may contain catalytic domains. As a result, interactions of signaling proteins have the potential to generate a combinatorially large number of complexes and modified states, and representing signal-transduction networks can be challenging. Representation, in the form of a diagram or model, usually involves a tradeoff between comprehensibility and precision: comprehensible representations tend to be ambiguous or incomplete, whereas precise representations, such as a long list of chemical species and reactions in a network, tend to be incomprehensible. Here, we develop conventions for representing signal-transduction networks that are both comprehensible and precise. Labeled nodes represent components of proteins and their states, and edges represent bonds between components. Binding and enzymatic reactions are described by reaction rules, in which left graphs define the properties of reactants and right graphs define the products that result from transformations of reactants. The reaction rules can be evaluated to derive a mathematical model.
Synthesis and biological properties of [D-Ala-6, des-Gly-NH2-10]-LH-RH ethylamide, a peptide with greatly enhanced LH- and FSH-releasing activity

Abstract A nonapeptide analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), [D-Ala 6 , des-Gly-NH 2 10 ]-LH-RH ethylamide, was prepared by solid-phase methodology. The peptide was assayed against LH-RH in two in vivo systems and was found to be many times more potent than the naturally occurring hormone. In one of the tests, based on elevation of LH and FSH levels after infusion into immature male rats, the analog showed LH-releasing activity of 1600% and FSH-releasing activity of 1200% compared to LH-RH.
Standards as change agents in the information technology market

Standards have historically evolved from the codification of existing practices that had achieved market dominance. This paper reviews the evolution of standards and the standardization efforts in the information technology industry. Classificatory, descriptive, and explanatory models of the standardization process are reviewed. A model is proposed that classifies standards in the broad categories of reference, design, and implementation standards and suggests that reference standards might better he understood in terms of their role in shaping future developments. The model further classifies standards in terms of the computational process they accommodate and the user function they perform providing a broad framework for compatibility standards in the information technology arena.