cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sodium Chloride for Broiler Breeders

Abstract Two experiments, each of 224 days duration, were conducted with Cobb broiler breeders, 32 weeks of age, to determine their response to supplemental dietary sodium chloride levels ranging from .12 to .48% in a corn-soybean meal diet. Average hen-day egg production, daily feed intake, feed required per dozen eggs, and egg specific gravity were not significantly influenced by any level of supplemental sodium chloride. Egg weights from hens receiving .36% sodium chloride were significantly heavier than those of birds that consumed .12 and .24% sodium chloride but not those of the .18 and .48% sodium chloride treatments. Egg fertility was significantly depressed by .48% sodium chloride and numerically reduced by .36%. Hatchability of fertile eggs was not found to be affected, but overall hatchability of eggs from .36 and .48% supplemental sodium chloride treatments was significantly lower than that supported by the least sodium chloride level provided, .12%. These data indicate that current National Research Council (1977) sodium requirements for heavy breeders (200 mg/day) may provide at least 23% more sodium than is required (≤154 mg/day) and that daily sodium intakes in the range of 320 to 420 mg may reduce fertility in broiler breeders.
Machine Learning Assisted Predictions of Intrinsic Dielectric Breakdown Strength of ABX3 Perovskites

New and improved dielectric materials with high dielectric breakdown strength are required for both high energy density electric energy storage applications and continued miniaturization of electronic devices. Despite much practical significance, accurate ab initio predictions of dielectric breakdown strength for complex materials are beyond the current state-of-the art. Here we take an alternative data-enabled route to address this design problem. Our informatics-based approach employs a transferable machine learning model, trained and validated on a limited amount of accurate data generated through laborious first-principles computations, to predict intrinsic dielectric breakdown strength of several hundreds of chemical compositions in a highly efficient manner. While the adopted approach is quite general, here we take up a specific example of perovskite materials to demonstrate the efficacy of our method. Starting from several thousands of compounds, we systematically downselect 209 insultors which are...
Loops, Self-Reference, Substrates

Hofstadter’s interest in formal systems leads him into considering a variety of processes that involve the isomorphic translation of information, many of which, seen as he sees them, have important implications for the MLM metaphor. He observes, for instance, that the ‘isomorphism that mirrors TNT inside the abstract realm of natural numbers can be likened to the quasi-isomorphism that mirrors the real world inside our brains, by means of symbols’, where the symbols themselves ‘play quasi-isomorphic roles to the objects …’. Such a translation occurs also on the intracellular level, in protein production, after DNA dispatches messenger RNA from the nucleus: Now when a strand of mRNA, after its escape into the cytoplasm, encounters a ribosome, a very intricate and beautiful process called translation takes place…. Imagine the mRNA to be like a long piece of magnetic recording tape, and the ribosome to be like a tape recorder. As the tape passes through the playing head of the recorder, it is ‘read’ and converted into music, or other sounds. Thus magnetic markings are ‘translated’ into notes. Similarly, when a ‘tape’ of mRNA passes through the ‘playing head’ of a ribosome, the ‘notes’ which are produced are amino acids and the ‘pieces of music’ which they make up are proteins. This is what translation is all about… .
Growth Estimates and Resonance Bounds

We introduced the resonance set \(\mathcal{R}_{X}\) for a surface with hyperbolic ends in Chapter 8 Resonances are assumed to be repeated in \(\mathcal{R}_{X}\) according to the multiplicity m(ζ) defined in ( 8.4).
Dialect Interference in Lexical Processing: Effects of Familiarity and Social Stereotypes

Background/Aims: The current study explored the roles of dialect familiarityand social stereotypes in dialect interference effects in a speeded lexical classification task. Methods: Listeners classifi
Enrichment of Scleroderma Vascular Disease-Associated Autoantigens in Endothelial Lineage Cells.

Objective Scleroderma patients with autoantibodies to CENPs and/or interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI-16) are at increased risk of severe vascular complications. This study was undertaken to determine whether these autoantigens are enriched in cells of the vasculature. Methods Successive stages of embryoid bodies (EBs) as well as vascular progenitors were used to evaluate the expression of scleroderma autoantigens IFI-16 and CENP by immunoblotting. CD31 was included to mark early blood vessels. IFI-16 and CD31 expression were defined in paraffin-embedded skin sections from scleroderma patients and from healthy controls. IFI-16 expression was determined by flow cytometric analysis in circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells. Results Expression of CENP-A, IFI-16, and CD31 was enriched in EBs on days 10 and 12 of differentiation, and particularly in cultures enriched in vascular progenitors (IFI-16, CD31, and CENPs A and B). This pattern was distinct from that of comparator autoantigens. Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded skin sections showed enrichment of IFI-16 in CD31-positive vascular endothelial cells in biopsy specimens from scleroderma patients and normal controls. Flow cytometric analysis revealed IFI-16 expression in circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells but minimal expression in CECs. Conclusion Our findings indicate that expression of the scleroderma autoantigens IFI-16 and CENPs, which are associated with severe vascular disease, is increased in vascular progenitors and mature endothelial cells. High level, lineage-enriched expression of autoantigens may explain the striking association between clinical phenotypes and the immune targeting of specific autoantigens.
Exploring the usage of a mobile phone application in transplanted patients to encourage medication compliance and education.

Abstract Background Medication non-adherence in transplant patients is a grave problem that results in increased rejection episodes, graft loss and significant morbidity. Methods The efficacy of users and non-users of a mobile phone application (mobile app) in promoting medication adherence was investigated. The Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire (BMQ) and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) were used in these cohorts to assess the predilection for poor adherence. Serum tacrolimus, creatinine levels, and rejection episodes were also recorded. Lastly, the patients were tested on their recall of their immunosuppression. Results Overall, patients had extremely negative beliefs about medication reflected in their tendency toward higher predicted rates of non-adherence. Interestingly, though not significant, app users had higher rates of medication recollection. Conclusions The high-risk nature of this population demands efforts to abrogate non-adherence. Caregivers are charged with the responsibility to offer patients a feasible option to safeguard treatment compliance. Mobile apps are a potentially powerful tool, which can be used to decrease non-adherence.
Abstract 523: Acetylation of Cyclophilin A in Response to Oxidative Stress Enhances Its Expression and Secretion

Objective: Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a Secreted OXidative stress-induced Factor (SOXF) secreted by cardiovascular cells in response to Angiotensin II (Ang II) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Extracellular CyPA is a proinflammatory mediator that regulates vascular remodeling, abdominal aortic aneurysm, atherosclerosis and cardiac hypertrophy. Post-translational modification of CyPA by acetylation in response to ROS has been described. Moreover, acetylation of CyPA is important in HIV pathogenesis. The mechanism and regulation of CyPA acetylation as well as its role in cardiovascular diseases are currently unknown. We hypothesized that Ang II regulates oxidative stress-induced CyPA acetylation that alters its expression and/or secretion in vascular smooth muscle cells. Methods and results: Ang II (1μM) increased acetylation of CyPA (Acyl-CyPA) in a time dependent manner, with a peak at 8hr (3.5±0.6 fold increase) in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC) as shown by Western blot. Mouse aortic smooth muscle cells from mice lacking CyPA (CyPA-/-) and wild type controls (WT) confirmed that Ang II induced acetylation reactivity coincided exactly with CyPA reactivity. In AT1R and CyPA cotransfected HeLa cells, Ang II increased Acyl-CyPA in a time dependent manner consistent with that in RASMC. The ROS scavengers Tiron or N-acetylcysteine significantly inhibited Ang II induced Acyl-CyPA in a dose dependent manner in RASMC. Ang II-induced CyPA acetylation was enhanced by 2 hr pretreatment with histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin (TSA) or sirtinol in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, Ang II-induced CyPA secretion was enhanced by pretreatment with TSA (1μM) in a time dependent manner. Moreover, acetyltransferase p300 and PCAF (p300/CBP-asociated factor) inhibitor anacardic acid (6-nonadecyl salicylic acid) dramatically inhibited CyPA expression, and Ang II induced Acyl-CyPA in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: These results suggest that Ang II-induced CyPA acetylation is oxidative stress dependent, and that acetylation enhanced CyPA expression and secretion. Detailed mechanistic studies of the regulation of CyPA acetylation will help to identify a future therapeutic target for CyPA regulated cardiovascular diseases.
Invited Talk (Abstract): Data or Computation – Which Should We Move?

The evolution of system architectures has been shaped by the varying evolutions of the costs of system operations. That is: the cost of computation, the cost of storage, the cost of communication, and the cost of operational management. In recent years the costs of computation and storage have continued to drop exponentially (at least). Communication costs have traditionally remained high relative to other costs and this has had a profound influence on the structure of system architectures, favouring centralized information systems with remote clients. But these costs too are in steep decline and in recent years end-to-end latencies in the Internet have approached values that in client-server days could only be achieved within campus networks. These trends will change this architectural balance, making much more attractive the widespread distribution of application function – even function requiring significant bandwidth. The current impetus towards exploring this model of computation is the desire to create dynamic business architectures in which components or entire business processes are delivered as remote network services. In this approach the business process is modeled as a form of workflow and the computation proceeds by moving the business data successively through several remote transaction systems. We contrast this approach with that of mobile agents in which the transaction itself moves through the network and consider why the mobile agent approach is not being adopted for dynamic business architectures.
Language and Empire: Postcolonial “english” and Unamuno’s “archi-Castilian”

For Miguel de Unamuno, language is the central fact of the human experience in the world. German Volkerpsychologie, or “folk psychology,” and poetic organicism influence his understanding of language and are key to what Unamuno called “archi-Castilian,” or sobrecastellano, a concept that coincides to a great extent with postcolonial criticism’s conception of language. “Archi-Castilian,” like postcolonial “english,” are alternatives to Castilian (the conservative version sponsored by the Royal Academy of the language) and “English” (the official language of the British Empire). Thus, “archi-Castilian” and “english” are not standard codes of an erstwhile imperial center, but linguistic codes transformed and subverted by the uses of speakers in different parts of the world. For Unamuno, “archi-Castilian” becomes a linguistic model that decenters the Castilian language, making it a completely transatlantic affair.
Family Background and Early Childhood

This chapter presents a case history of Genie's family background. Genie's mother had a stormy marriage, during which she was frequently beaten by her husband. He repeatedly threatened to kill her, and she lived in fear, reinforced by the recurrent beatings over the years. Despite the fact that her husband disliked children and was adamant about not having any, after 5 years of marriage, Genie's mother became pregnant. Her first child died of pneumonia and overexposure at the age of two months. After few years, Genie was born as a full-term baby. Genie was delivered by caesarean section and suffered from an RH blood incompatibility for which she received an exchange transfusion one day after birth. Genie's life was isolated, often forgotten, frequently abused, physically restrained, and starved for sensory stimulation. Thus, minimally exposed to humanity and exposed to most of that the most hideous of human behavior, Genie grew into a pitiful creature. Genie's mother took Genie and left her home and her husband. They escaped to the grandmother's home, where she and Genie stayed for three more weeks. Genie was admitted into the hospital for extreme malnutrition.
Effects of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty on Myocardial Function During Exercise

To determine if the angiographic improvement of coronary arterial stenoses following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) leads to augmentation of functionally important myocardial blood flow, the effects of PTCA on exercise induced myocardial dysfunction were examined. Since most patients undergoing PTCA had single-vessel disease and normal ventricular function at rest, the transient exercise-induced abnormalities of left ventricular function would be expected to improve if PTCA enhanced the capacity of the coronary artery to perfuse the myocardium during increased oxygen requirement. A consecutive series of patients undergoing PTCA who had coronary artery disease without associated cardiac abnormalities and without severe left ventricular dysfunction at rest were evaluated with radionuclide ventriculograms at rest and during exercise before, several days after, and 6 months after PTCA.
Abscess Incision and Drainage With or Without Ultrasonography: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Study objective We hypothesize that clinical failure rates will be lower in patients treated with point-of-care ultrasonography and incision and drainage compared with those who undergo incision and drainage after physical examination alone. Methods We performed a prospective randomized clinical trial of patients presenting with a soft tissue abscess at a large, academic emergency department. Patients presenting with an uncomplicated soft tissue abscess requiring incision and drainage were eligible for enrollment and randomized to treatment with or without point-of-care ultrasonography. The diagnosis of an abscess was by physical examination, bedside ultrasonography, or both. Patients randomized to the point-of-care ultrasonography group had an incision and drainage performed with bedside ultrasonographic imaging of the abscess. Patients randomized to the non–point-of-care ultrasonography group had an incision and drainage performed with physical examination alone. Comparison between groups was by comparing means with 95% confidence intervals. The primary outcome was failure of therapy at 10 days, defined as a repeated incision and drainage, following a per-protocol analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed to control for study variables. Our study was designed to detect a clinically important difference between groups, which we defined as a 13% difference. Results A total of 125 patients were enrolled, 63 randomized to the point-of-care ultrasonography group and 62 to physical examination alone. After loss to follow-up and misallocation, 54 patients in the ultrasonography group and 53 in the physical examination alone group were analyzed. The overall failure rate for all patients enrolled in the study was 10.3%. Patients who were evaluated with ultrasonography were less likely to fail therapy and have repeated incision and drainage, with a difference between groups of 13.3% (95% confidence interval 0.0% to 19.4%). Abscess locations were predominantly torso (21%), buttocks (21%), lower extremity (18%), and axilla or groin (16%). There was no difference in baseline characteristics between groups relative to abscess size, duration of symptoms before presentation, percentage with cellulitis, and treatment with antibiotics. Conclusion Patients with soft tissue abscesses who were undergoing incision and drainage with point-of-care ultrasonography demonstrated less clinical failure compared with those treated without point-of-care ultrasonography.
The role of mechanical force on the kinetics and dynamics of electrochemical redox reactions on graphene

Electrochemical reactions are a critical class of processes strongly influenced by atomic scale effects, where the relationships between local chemical composition, stress, strain, and reactivity are not well understood. Here we investigate the relationship between applied stress and reaction rates for the oxygen evolution reaction on multi-layered graphene using conductive atomic force microscopy. During the reaction, oxygen groups accumulate on the surface and the oxygenation rate increases with applied load. The results also show that the rate is not uniform across the surface, where local edges and defects are more reactive than the basal plane. The results presented here are interpreted in the context of transition state theory, where applied load over the reaction coordinate linearly modifies the energy landscape. This work motivates the general efficacy of atomic force microscopy as a tool to study relationships between local mechanical surface effects and electrochemical reactivity.
An Antitumor Immune Response Is Evoked by Partial-Volume Single-Dose Radiation in 2 Murine Models.

Purpose This study examined tumor growth delay resulting from partial irradiation in preclinical mouse models. Methods and Materials We investigated 67NR murine orthotopic breast tumors in both immunocompetent and nude mice. Treatment was delivered to 50% or 100% of the tumor using a 2 × 2 cm collimator on a microirradiator. Radiation response was modulated by treatment with anti-CD8 and anti—intercellular adhesion molecule (anti-ICAM) antibodies. Similar experiments were performed using the less immunogenic Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model. Tumor growth delay and γ-H2AX phosphorylation were measured, and immune response was assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry at 1 and 7 days after radiation therapy. Tumor expression of cellular adhesion molecules was also measured at different times after radiation therapy. Results Partial irradiation led to tumor responses similar to those of fully exposed tumors in immunocompetent mice, but not in nude mice. After a single dose of 10 Gy, infiltration of CD8+ T cells was observed along with increased expression of ICAM. The response to 10 Gy in hemi-irradiated tumors was abrogated by treatment with either anti-CD8 or anti-ICAM antibodies. Similar responses were obtained in the less immunogenic Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model delivering 15 Gy to half the tumor volume. Treatment with FTY720, a compound that inhibits T-cell egress from lymph nodes, did not affect tumor response at the time of CD8+ T cells infiltration in the nonirradiated area of the tumor. This result indicated that the most likely source of these cells is the irradiated portion of the hemi-irradiated tumors. In addition, a significant abscopal effect was observed after partial irradiation with a single dose of 10 Gy in the 67NR model. Conclusions In these models, radiation controls tumor growth both directly through cell killing and indirectly through immune activation. This outcome raises the possibility that this effect could be induced in the clinic.
Short-term computerized cognitive training does not improve cognition compared to an active control in non-demented adults aged 80 years and above.

Background Older adults, especially those above age 80, are the fastest growing segment of the population in the United States and at risk for age-related cognitive decline and dementia. There is growing evidence that cognitive activity and training may allow adults to maintain or improve cognitive functioning, but little is known about the potential benefit in the oldest old. In this randomized trial, the effectiveness of a computerized cognitive training program (CCT program) was compared to an active control games program to improve cognition in cognitively normal individuals aged 80 and older. Methods Sixty-nine older adults were randomized to a 24-session CCT program (n = 39) or an active control program (n = 30). Participants completed a pre- and post- training neuropsychological assessment. The primary outcome measure was a global cognitive composite, and the secondary outcomes were the scores on specific cognitive domains (of memory, executive function/attention, and language). Results Using linear mixed models, there were no significant differences between the CCT and the active control program on the primary (p = 0.662) or any of the secondary outcomes (language functioning, p = .628; attention/executive functioning, p = .428; memory, p = .749). Conclusion This study suggests that short-term CCT had no specific benefit for cognitive functioning in non-demented individuals aged 80 and older.
Reducing your risk for diabetes: a resource guide

Reducing Your Risk for Diabetes: A Resource Guide (FCS8840/FY933) The number of people with diabetes is rising at an alarming rate in the U.S., as it is worldwide. Many free resources are available to help people of all backgrounds lead healthier lives and reduce their risk for diabetes. Here are some resources to choose from to help you and your family members begin taking steps to improve your health. This 3-page fact sheet was written by Linda B. Bobroff and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, March 2012. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy933
Participation Patterns and Effectiveness of Out-of-School Time Mathematics Classes

Although shadowed by the institutionalization of contemporary schooling, out-of-school time and space encompass a variety of learning possibilities and are socially organized to enable and maintain educational privileges for some students but not for others. Out-of-school time (OST) curricular instructions have been expanding globally and more visible in East Asia. Relying on multilevel ordered logistic regression and generalized propensity score analysis; this study investigated the participation patterns and effectiveness of OST mathematics education in Shanghai, China. Family socioeconomic background and opportunity-to-learn indices of mainstream schooling were found to strongly link to participation in OST mathematics education. Higher socioeconomic status and more household resources were associated with higher likelihood of participating in OST mathematics education. Negative school-level opportunity-to-learn indices, such as problematic classroom disciplinary climate and insufficient mathematics instructional time, correlated with greater odds of OST mathematics participation. In addition, this study found a significant relationship between OST mathematics learning and mathematics study behaviors, with higher intensity of OST mathematics instruction triggering more positive study ethics and habits. Yet, no significant association between OST mathematics education and PISA mathematics achievement was identified. These findings profoundly illuminated the multi-layered interconnections between formal schooling and OST education and contributed to the discussions about structures of educational equality during out-of-school time.
Updates in Neoadjuvant Therapy for Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer refers to systemic therapy administered prior to definitive surgery. It was originally developed for patients with locally advanced breast cancer (stage III) with the intention of downstaging unresectable tumors, and decreasing the extent of surgical intervention, including axillary lymph node dissection. For patients with inflammatory breast cancer, neoadjuvant therapy is considered a standard of care. Increasingly, the neoadjuvant setting is being utilized to accelerate drug development and approval in triple negative breast cancer, a diverse and aggressive subgroup for which no approved targeted therapies are currently available. This review discusses the use of pathologic complete response as a clinical trial endpoint, the use of imaging and biomarkers to predict response to therapy, and standard of care treatment for triple negative breast cancer. Finally, we review novel targets and drug trials in the neoadjuvant setting.
Pulp Vietnam: War and Gender in Cold War Men's Adventure Magazines

In this compelling evaluation of Cold War popular culture, Pulp Vietnam explores how men's adventure magazines helped shape the attitudes of young, working-class Americans, the same men who fought and served in the long and bitter war in Vietnam. The 'macho pulps' - boasting titles like Man's Conquest, Battle Cry, and Adventure Life - portrayed men courageously defeating their enemies in battle, while women were reduced to sexual objects, either trivialized as erotic trophies or depicted as sexualized villains using their bodies to prey on unsuspecting, innocent men. The result was the crafting and dissemination of a particular version of martial masculinity that helped establish GIs' expectations and perceptions of war in Vietnam. By examining the role that popular culture can play in normalizing wartime sexual violence and challenging readers to consider how American society should move beyond pulp conceptions of 'normal' male behavior, Daddis convincingly argues that how we construct popular tales of masculinity matters in both peace and war.
Epidemiology of Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Sports, Exercise, and Recreation in the United States, 2009 - 2018.

To assess rates of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) in sport, exercise, and recreational activities. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was used to query nerve injuries prese...
Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Children with Primary Non-Refluxing Megaureter: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Knowledge of the baseline risk of febrile urinary tract infections in patients with primary non-refluxing megaureter can help clinicians to make informed decisions for offering continuous antibiotic prophylaxis. Objective The primary objective of this systematic review was to determine the pooled prevalence of febrile urinary tract infections in patients with primary non-refluxing megaureter selected for primary non-surgical management independent of associated attributed risk factors at initial presentation in order to assess the value of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register electronic databases were searched for eligible studies without language and time restriction. The systematic review was carried out following the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. (PROSPERO registration number CRD42018104752). Results Of 25 871 records, 16 studies (n=749 patients) were eligible for inclusion. The overall pooled prevalence of febrile urinary tract infections in patients with primary non-refluxing megaureter was 14.35% (95% confidence interval: 8.8–22.6). The calculated number needed to treat for patients on continuous antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent one single febrile urinary tract infection over the course of 1–2 years would be 4.3. Conclusion Based on the current available evidence the use of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis for children with PM selected for primary non-surgical treatment should be taken into consideration, at least in patients with urinary outflow impairment, higher grade of ureteral dilatation, and for children in the first months of life.
Non-linear ultrasonic and viscoelastic properties of gelatine investigated in the temperature range of 30 °C–60 °C

Analysis based on the determination of the multifactorial non-linearity parameter (β) is a promising non-destructive investigation and testing technique. The contribution of temperature variations on the non-linear coefficient is known to be lower than that of hydrostatic pressure changes. We investigated the effect of temperature on the non-linearity parameter in the range 30 °C–60 °C for a viscous, gelatinous compound, resulting from controlled hydrolysis of the collagen protein. Considerable thermal effects are realized and are related to changes in viscous and elastic properties. Remarkable changes in the non-linearity coefficient at temperatures corresponding to the transition temperature of gelatine of 60 °C indicate a signature while no outspoken hysteresis effects were realized with cyclic temperature sweeps. Despite the non-Newtonian nature of the gel, our experiments show comparability to water within the examined range of temperature, which corresponds to a wavelength shift of about 40 μm.
An inverse method for real-time estimation of aerothermal heating for thermal protection systems of space vehicles

Abstract Space vehicles experience extremely high aerothermal heating during atmospheric entry which necessitates the use of appropriate thermal protection system (TPS). Effective design of TPS and the health monitoring systems (HMS) for space vehicles requires accurate flight data during atmospheric entry process. While direct measurement of the surface heat flux is a very challenging task, an alternative approach is to use the measured temperature values from the inner layers and solve the associated inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) in order to estimate the surface heat flux. In the present paper, a solution approach is developed based on filter form of Tikhonov regularization method for near real-time calculation of surface heat flux in a one-dimensional medium consists of three layers that represents an integrated thermal protection system (ITPS). The solution is evaluated through numerical test cases developed in ANSYS and using experimental data from the literature. A parametric study is also conducted in order to understand the effect of sensor location (two layers and three layers models) as well as the effect of temperature dependent material properties on the performance of the solution. It is found that the developed solution estimates the surface heat flux with an average RMS error of about 1.96 and 3.44% for the two layer models with constant and temperature dependent material properties respectively. For the three layer model, the average RMS values are found for the constant and temperature dependent material properties as 2% and 4.44% respectively. It is also shown that the developed solution can evaluate the surface heat flux with 17 and 80 s delay for the two and three layers domain respectively, facilitating a near-real time operation for the inverse solution algorithm that can support the development of HMS for space vehicles or other industrial applications with the need for heat flux monitoring. The proposed solution technique is fast, accurate and very convenient to implement even for complex problems involving large temperature variations and temperature dependent material properties.
Pediatric sepsis survival in pediatric and general emergency departments.

Abstract Objective Understanding differences in mortality rate secondary to sepsis between pediatric and general emergency departments (EDs) would help identify strategies to improve pediatric sepsis care. We aimed to determine if pediatric sepsis mortality differs between pediatric and general EDs. Methods We performed a nationally representative, retrospective cohort study using the 2008–2017 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) to examine visits by patients less than 19 years old with a diagnostic code of severe sepsis or septic shock. We generated national estimates of study outcomes using NEDS survey weights. We compared pediatric to general EDs on the outcomes of ED mortality and hospital mortality. We determined adjusted mortality risk using logistic regression, controlling for age, gender, complex care code, and geographic region. Results There were 54,129 weighted pediatric ED visits during the study period with a diagnosis code of severe sepsis or septic shock. Of these visits, 285 died in the ED (0.58%) and 5065 died during their hospital stay (9.8%). Mortality risk prior to ED disposition in pediatric and general EDs was 0.31% and 0.72%, respectively (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36 (0.14–0.93)). Mortality risk prior to hospital discharge in pediatric and general EDs was 7.5% and 10.9%, respectively (aOR, 95% CI: 0.55 (0.41–0.72)). Conclusions In a nationally representative sample, pediatric mortality from severe sepsis or septic shock was lower in pediatric EDs than in general EDs. Identifying features of pediatric ED care associated with improved sepsis mortality could translate into improved survival for children wherever they present with sepsis.
Transmembrane helices mediate the formation of a stable ternary complex of cyt b5 reductase, cyt b5, and SCD1

Mammalian cytochrome b5 (cyt b5) and cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R) are electron carrier proteins required for many membrane-embedded oxidoreductases. Both cyt b5 and b5R have a cytosolic domain anchored to the membrane by a single transmembrane helix (TM). It is not clear if b5R, cyt b5 and their partner oxidoreductases assemble as binary or ternary complexes. Here we show that b5R and cyt b5 form a stable binary complex, and that b5R, cyt b5 and a membrane-embedded oxidoreductase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) form a stable ternary complex. The formation of the complexes significantly enhances electron transfer rates, and that the single TM of cyt b5 and b5R mediated assembly of the complexes. These results reveal a novel functional role of TMs in cyt b5 and b5R and suggest that an electron transport chain composed of a stable ternary complex may be a general feature in oxidoreductases that require the participation of cyt b5 and b5R.
Topical Antibiotic Ointment Versus Silver-containing Foam Dressing for Second-degree Burns in Swine

Objectives Second-degree burns are very common but their management is controversial. These burns may be treated with either topical antimicrobial agents or advanced occlusive dressings; however, there is no established treatment comparator for preclinical studies. This study was designed to determine which of two commonly used comparator therapies (a silver-containing advanced dressing or a topical antibiotic ointment) resulted in faster reepithelialization and less scarring. The hypothesis was that second-degree burns treated with a topical antimicrobial ointment would heal faster and with less scarring than those treated with a silver-containing occlusive foam dressing in a porcine model. Methods Deep partial-thickness burns were created on the flanks of three anesthetized female domestic pigs (20 to 25 kg) using a 150-g aluminum bar preheated in 80°C water bath and applied to the skin for 20 seconds using a force of 2 kg. The burn eschars were excised 48 hours later with an electric dermatome set at a depth of 0.75 mm. The wound beds were treated with a thin layer of triple-antibiotic petrolatum-based ointment (changed three times weekly) or a silver-containing foam dressing (changed once weekly). Full-thickness punch biopsies were obtained at 9, 11, 14, 16, 18, and 21 days for determination of percentage complete wound reepithelialization and at 28 days for measurement of scar depth. Results At all dressing changes the wounds treated with the topical antibiotic appeared moist, while those treated with the silver-based dressings appeared dry. At day 21 all wounds treated with the ointment were completely reepithelialized, while only 55% of those treated with the silver dressing were reepithelialized (p < 0.001). Scar depth at day 28 was also significantly less in wounds treated with the topical antibiotic ointment (4.3 mm vs. 5.1 mm, difference = 0.7 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1 to 1.4 mm). There was less scar contraction in wounds treated with the topical antibiotic compared with the silver-based dressing (mean ± SD = 25.0% ± 14.6% vs. 38.9% ± 16.9%, difference = 13.9%; 95% CI = 5.7% to 22.0%). Conclusions In this model of excised deep partial-thickness burns, a triple-antibiotic ointment enhanced reepithelialization and reduced scar depth and contraction compared with a silver-based foam dressing. This triple-antibiotic ointment should be considered as a control for studies evaluating novel topical burn therapies.
The G-Immunoglobulins in Acute Leukemia in Children Hematologic and Immunologic Relationships

Serial IgG determinations were carried out on 29 children with acute leukemia. With the exception of the pretreatment assays, all determinations were performed during the course of specific antileukemic therapy. Following the initial introduction to cytotoxic agents, a significant, although temporary, reduction in IgG level occurred. The continuous use of antileukemic agents did not alter the IgG levels. Relapses, responsive to changes in therapy, were usually associated with moderate reductions in the IgG levels. Greater reductions in IgG levels occurred following the institution of changes in therapy. In both instances the declines were followed by a return in IgG to the normal range. Declines of significantly greater magnitude and rate occurred in those patients no longer capable of responding to therapy changes. In such patients, levels below 3.8 to 3.5 mg./ml. signified impending death, a lack of response to infection and inability to evoke an IgG response. An example of the interrelationships between clinical and immunologic responsiveness is shown by the patient in complete relapse with a normal IgG assay, who went into remission and had an impressive IgG response following a rubeola infection. Shortly thereafter, her disease process entered an irreversible relapse stage with an IgG level of 2.9 mg./ml., and death occurred within 30 days following a bacterial septicemia. The relationship between hematologic and immunologic responsiveness raises the provocative question of paradoxically maintaining an immunologically responsive state as a means of prolonging the survival time in the face of persistent immunosuppressive therapy.
Detection and prevention of Routing Attacks in MANET using AODV

Absence of infrastructure and dynamic nature of MANET invites intruder to launch attack, one of them is flooding. On demand routing such as AODV is more popular then proactive routing use flooding to discover route. Attackers used this concept to launch DoS attack like flooding; black hole and gray hole are the known attack in MANET. In this paper we have proposed a new method based on AODV behavioral metrics t detect and prevent MANET attacks. In this method we have used the RREQ, RREP, PDR, and PMIR as metrics to calculate the QoS of a link and into prediction of attacks. Our proposed scheme will be implementing on NS-3 test bed.
Current challenges using models to forecast seawater intrusion: lessons from the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA

A three-dimensional model of the aquifer system of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA was calibrated to reproduce historical water levels and forecast the potential for saltwater intrusion. Future scenarios were simulated with two pumping schemes to predict potential areas of saltwater intrusion. Simulations suggest that only a few wells would be threatened with detectable salinity increases before 2050. The objective was to examine whether salinity increases can be accurately forecast for individual wells with such a model, and to address what the challenges are in making such model forecasts given current (2009) simulation capabilities. The analysis suggests that even with current computer capabilities, accurate simulations of concentrations within a regional-scale (many km) transition zone are computationally prohibitive. The relative paucity of data that is typical for such regions relative to what is needed for accurate transport simulations suggests that even with an infinitely powerful computer, accurate forecasting for a single well would still be elusive. Useful approaches may include local-grid refinement near wells and geophysical surveys, but it is important to keep expectations for simulated forecasts at wells in line with chloride concentration and other data that can be obtained at that local scale.
Reply [to “Comment on ‘GEWEX: The Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment”] Global water balance uncertainty

The accuracy of the hydrological cycle stated in the article is derived from the accuracy of its components. Globally, precipitation is poorly measured because of its high temporal and spatial variability. Simpson [1989] states “Most of the rain in the tropic falls in regions that are relatively inaccessible to in situ measurements. The quantitative distribution over the tropical oceans is uncertain to a multiplicative factor of about two to three.” In addition, our knowledge of global evaporation is also deficient. Soil moisture, plant evapotranspiration, and the fluxes of moisture from both the oceans and land are very difficult to measure and, on a global scale, are just as poorly known as precipitation. While atmospheric water vapor can be measured globally from space, its accuracy, according to Barnett et al. [1991], is known only to about 10–20% over the geographical oceans and 20–30% over land.
Spark ignition engine torque management

Presented in this paper is a robust feedback controller design procedure to regulate the torque of a spark ignition engine equipped with an electronic throttle mass air flow controller. To this end, a system level model of engine torque production is experimentally determined. Next, a crank-angle domain H/sub /spl infin// controller is designed to control the engine torque with zero steady state errors while addressing the nonlinear system characteristics and pure delay. The controller design methodology applied to the torque control problem is presented and an interpretation of the controller provided. The engine dynamometer data acquired from a Ford 4.6L V8 engine demonstrates the H/sub /spl infin// controller successfully rejects the noise and disturbances while meeting transient and steady state performance objectives.
An Overview of Splenic Embolization.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to define the role of splenic embolization in trauma patients and in patients presenting for treatment of thrombocytopenia and portal hypertension. This article reviews the indications, technical considerations, outcomes, and complications of splenic artery embolization. CONCLUSION. Transcatheter splenic artery embolization has a major role in the management of traumatic splenic injuries and as an adjunctive procedure in the treatment of thrombocytopenia and portal hypertension.
Underground Coal Mine Communications and Tracking Status SAGO Plus One Year

The coal mine explosion, at Sago mine on January 2, 2006, resulted in the deaths of twelve miners and has become the watershed event that reinvigorated interest in communicating with and tracking miners underground. This paper provides a review of the current state of efforts to provide quality underground communications and tracking and of the practical issues that are faced by designers of this new equipment. Many of the technologies are common above ground but have special issues and limitations underground. This paper will enumerate many of the technologies available and discuss the issues and limitations associated with the use of each of them underground. This paper includes the options available at press time that are approved by MSHA and speak to others that are possible in the near future.
Children's evaluations of aggressive, assertive, and submissive responses

In this study, 231 fourth‐sixth grade children were asked to judge aggressive, assertive, and submissive solutions to interpersonal conflict situations along “evaluative”; and “potency”; dimensions, and to assess the consequences of such behaviors for themselves and for others. Significant differences were obtained between boys and girls, and among children designated “highly aggressive,”; “highly assertive,”; and “highly submissive.”; In contrast to the great disparity between the judgments of aggressive and assertive children, assertive and submissive children differed significantly only in their ratings of assertive alternatives on particular “evaluative”; dimensions (i.e., “good‐bad,”; “wise‐foolish,”; “kind‐cruel"). Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor downregulates inflammasome activity and liver inflammation via a β-arrestin-2 pathway

Activation of the cytosolic inflammasome machinery is responsible for acute and chronic liver inflammation, but little is known about its regulation. The N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor families are heterotetrameric ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by a range of metabolites, including aspartate, glutamate, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the brain NMDA receptors are present on neuronal and nonneuronal cells and regulate a diverse range of functions. We tested the role of the NMDA receptor and aspartate in inflammasome regulation in vitro and in models of acute hepatitis and pancreatitis. We demonstrate that the NMDA receptor is present on Kupffer cells, and their activation on primary mouse and human cells limits inflammasome activation by downregulating NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 and procaspase-1. The NMDA receptor pathway is active in vivo, limits injury in acute hepatitis, and can be therapeutically further activated by aspartate providing protection in acute inflammatory liver injury. Downregulation of inflammasome activation by NMDA occurs via a β-arrestin-2 NF-kβ and JNK pathway and not via Ca(2+) mobilization. We have identified the NMDA receptor as a regulator of inflammasome activity in vitro and in vivo. This has identified a new area of immune regulation associated by metabolites that may be relevant in a diverse range of conditions, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and total parenteral nutrition-induced immune suppression.
Use of unproven therapies in clinical practice and research: How can we better serve our patients and their families?

WO severely asphyxiated, meconium-stained babies are born on the same day in the same city�9 The neonatologist for the first infant performs repeated deep tracheal suctioning before and after beginning ventilation and administers sodium bicarbonate and epinephrine. Tolazoline and dopamine are administered shortly after admission to the neonatal unit. High frequency ventilation is used with a goal of achieving a Pac02 of 25 mm Hg or lower, and the infant is prepared for early use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This care is conventional for infants of this kind in this neonatal unit. The staff members are also attempting to obtain nitric oxide for routine clinical use in such patients. The second infant is born at a nearby hospital.