cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementation Of Electronic Medical Records: How Healthcare Providers Are Managing The Challenges Of Going Digital

Electronic medical records (EMRs) are the newest form of documenting a patient’s medical record. An EMR is a system that contains a patient’s personal medical history, test results, dictations, and other medical and financial information. EMRs will improve healthcare by enhancing patient care, preventative health, and provider convenience and is an extreme improvement to an already highly technological healthcare corporation. The implementation ‘wave’ is not happening just because it is an improvement to healthcare, but it is also moving forward because it is required by the U.S. government. President Obama recently employed a stimulus package that will assist healthcare establishments with startup of electronic medical records. Along with the great improvements and advantages come inconveniences, challenges, and high costs. For large hospitals, EMR deployments can cost the organization millions of dollars; hospitals can spend from $25,000 to $60,000 per physician to deploy a system. EMR deployment is a public policy challenge with the federal government possibly spending more than $20 billion in stimulus funds to reimburse providers for EMR implementations. EMR system implementations are like any business process reengineering project because they cause many challenges. Employees are not always accepting of change and managing change effectively is critical to successful implementation of any new technology. Additionally, new electronic technologies increase privacy issues while at the same time healthcare facilities are becoming stricter with confidentiality. Electronic medical record implementation is complex, but the benefits of organization and improved healthcare outweigh the minor setbacks. In this study, data was gathered from two healthcare facilities through interviews of the leaders of the EMR implementation process at each facility. Trade journals and EMR vendor information was also explored. The goal was to explore the phenomenon of the EMR implementation in this short term research project.
From Just in Time Manufacturing to On-Demand Services

This survey examines the transformation of manufacturing industry to Just in Time (JIT) manufacturing and mass customization. The main objective is to identify strategies that will accelerate the realization of information technology enabled on-demand services. Manufacturing and service systems are compared in terms of the similarities and differences with respect to issues related to their design, planning, and performance evaluation. These comparisons show that problems related to portfolio optimization, workforce optimization, and resources allocation are important in both manufacturing and service systems, suggesting that the similarities be exploited to develop strategies for on-demand services. This study also identifies several unique characteristics of services that need to be accounted for while developing specific strategies for the service industry.
Enhanced FGF23 production in mice expressing PI3K-insensitive GSK3 is normalized by β-blocker treatment

Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 is a ubiquitously expressed kinase inhibited by insulin-dependent Akt/PKB/SGK. Mice expressing Akt/PKB/SGK-resistant GSK3α/GSK3β (gsk3(KI)) exhibit enhanced sympathetic nervous activity and phosphaturia with decreased bone density. Hormones participating in phosphate homeostasis include fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, a bone-derived hormone that inhibits 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3; calcitriol) formation and phosphate reabsorption in the kidney and counteracts vascular calcification and aging. FGF23 secretion is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. We studied the role of GSK3-controlled sympathetic activity in FGF23 production and phosphate metabolism. Serum FGF23, 1,25(OH)2D3, and urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) were measured by ELISA, and serum and urinary phosphate and calcium were measured by photometry in gsk3(KI) and gsk3(WT) mice, before and after 1 wk of oral treatment with the β-blocker propranolol. Urinary VMA excretion, serum FGF23, and renal phosphate and calcium excretion were significantly higher, and serum 1,25(OH)2D3 and phosphate concentrations were lower in gsk3(KI) mice than in gsk3(WT) mice. Propranolol treatment decreased serum FGF23 and loss of renal calcium and phosphate and increased serum phosphate concentration in gsk3(KI) mice. We conclude that Akt/PKB/SGK-sensitive GSK3 inhibition participates in the regulation of FGF23 release, 1,25(OH)2D3 formation, and thus mineral metabolism, by controlling the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.
Research progress in genetic abnormalities and etiological factors of congenital anorectal malformation

Congenital anorectal malformation (ARM) is one of the most common gastrointestinal congenital diseases, accounting for 1/4 in digestive tract malformation, and is one of the congenital malformations in routine surveillance by the World Health Organization. Because of the variety of risk factors and the complexity of the pathological changes, etiology of ARM is still not clear. It is mostly considered that ARM is resulted from hereditary factors and environmental factors in the development of embryogenesis. Through animal experiments, scholars have found that Hox, Shh, Fgf, Wnt, Cdx and TCF4, Eph and ephrin play crucial role during the development of digestive tract. When the genes/signaling pathway dysfunction occurs, ARM may happen. In addition, ARM is related to the external factors in pregnancy. Because of the complexity of related factors in the development of human embryogenesis, the research progress of human ARM is very slow. This paper reviews relevant literatures in genetic factors and environmental factors, in order to provide the theoretical basis for the treatment and prevention of ARM.
Some Psychodynamic Aspects of Agedness

My assignment is to discuss some psychodynamic aspects of what I like to call agedness rather than aging. Aging is an ongoing process difficult of assessment. Agedness, however, is an assumed stance on the part of the organism that may or may not be due to organ dysfunction but may be behavioristically characteristic of a unified system complex of roles, assigned, ascribed, and much too often acquired. It may be both character and pathology. It may be independent of any overt manifestation of organic disease and thus present itself as a mode of coping or adaptive behavior most economical to the character structure of the individual. One may manifest agedness quite early in one’s life, behavioristically speaking. Thus it is the manifest behavior of the individual that interests me and the latent meaning of its content that intrigues me. For it is the understanding of the behavior and not only its origin that can produce the proper responses in dealing with it and with the problems that may ensue.
Automated skin thickening extraction in post radiotherapy mammograms via feedforward neural networks using histogram based segmentation and continuous hidden Markov model generated features

The purpose of this study is to establish an automated technique that accurately and effectively characterizes skin thickening in mammograms after breast conserving surgery and radiation therapy (BCS+RT).
A RECOMBINING TREE METHOD FOR OPTION PRICING WITH STATE-DEPENDENT SWITCHING RATES

This paper develops simple and efficient tree approaches for option pricing in switching jump diffusion models where the rates of switching are assumed to depend on the underlying asset price process. The models generalize many existing models in the literature and in particular, the Markovian regime-switching models with jumps. The proposed trees grow linearly as the number of tree steps increases. Conditions on the choices of key parameters for the tree design are provided that guarantee the positivity of branch probabilities. Numerical results are provided and compared with results reported in the literature for the Markovian regime-switching cases. The reported numerical results for the state-dependent switching models are new and can be used for comparison in the future.
Phototactic Response of Adults of Confused Flour Beetle and Red Flour Beetle and Larvae of Black Carpet Beetle to Flashes of Blue-White Light

The photo tactic responses of adults of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal, and the red flour beetle, T. castaneum (Herbst), and larvae of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma (F.), to various flash rates of blue-white light were determined. Optimum attraction of confused flour beetles and red flour beetles was at 100-15,000 and 200-15,000 flashes per minute, respectively. Eighty percent or more of the black carpet beetle larvae were repelled at 600 or more flashes per minute.
PHOTOSENSITIZATION OF HUMAN CELL CULTURES BY DEMETHYLCHLORETETRACYCLINE.

SummaryExposure of cultured human amnion cells to some tetracycline compounds produced slight suppression of growth. When drug treated cells were subjected to irradiation with short-wave (2537A) UV light, those to which demethylchlortetracycline had been added were severely damaged, the effect being moderate at a concentration of 1.6 μg per ml of the drug and marked at a level of 6.4 μg per ml. Methacycline and tetracycline were without significant effect. Exposure to long-wave (3960A) UV light did not increase the slight damaging effects of the antibiotics on cells. The phenomenon was observed at concentrations of demethylchlortetracycline commonly present in the serum of patients treated with this agent and appears to be due to cellular injury produced by irradiation on cells which have been sensitized by exposure to drug.
Analysis of Influenza Surveillance in Shenzhen Yantian District in 2007

Objective To analyze the prevalent characteristic of influenza in Shenzhen Yantian district in 2007. Method Samples were collected from the influenza surveillance spot. MDCK cell was used to culture influenza virus and identify the subtypes. Result 245 throat swaps were examined and 22 virus strains were cultured. There were 18 H3N2, 3 B(Yamagata) and 1 B(Victoria) strain. Conclusion The influenza was distributed in Yantian district in 2007. H3N2 was the main epidemic subtype. The epidemic period was March, May and June.
Early Jurassic Alluvial Fan-Fan Delta Depositional System of Delingha Basin andIts Markov Model

The coal-bearing molasses basin association of Delingha Mesozoic (early Jurassic)basin was developed on the sedimentary environments mostly alluvial fan-fan delta system. The authors briefly reported in this paper depositional and association characteristics of coal-bearing alluvial fans-fan delta, and by means of Markov model founded the architectural model of the depositional cycles of the alluvial fan-fan delta systems in Delingha basin during early Jurassic. The geological significances on the architectural model is also discussed.
CD4 T cell epitope specificity determines follicular versus non-follicular helper differentiation in the polyclonal response to influenza infection or vaccination

Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) are essential for B cell production of high-affinity, class-switched antibodies. Much interest in Tfh development focuses on the priming environment of CD4 T cells. Here we explored the role that peptide specificity plays in the partitioning of the polyclonal CD4 T cell repertoire between Tfh and NonTfh lineages during the response to influenza. Surprisingly, we found that CD4 T cells specific for different epitopes exhibited distinct tendencies to segregate into Tfh or NonTfh. To alter the microenvironment and abundance, viral antigens were introduced as purified recombinant proteins in adjuvant as native proteins. Also, the most prototypical epitopes were expressed in a completely foreign protein. In many cases, the epitope-specific response patterns of Tfh vs. NonTfh persisted. The functional TcR avidity of only a subset of epitope-specific cells correlated with the tendency to drive a Tfh response. Thus, we conclude that in a polyclonal CD4 T cell repertoire, features of TcR-peptide:MHC class II complex have a strong deterministic influence on the ability of CD4 T cells to become a Tfh or a NonTfh. Our data is most consistent with at least 2 checkpoints of Tfh selection that include both TcR affinity and B cell presentation.
Abstract 1853: Single-cell multiplexed profiling of protein-level changes induced by EGFR inhibitor gefitinib

Single-cell molecular analysis has become increasingly important in biomedical research, especially in the field of cancer research, where cell heterogeneity is a characteristic feature. We developed a multiplexed single-cell protein detection assay for the C1™ system that can isolate and process 96 individual cells in parallel. The assay uses oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies, which produce a detectable DNA amplicon only when they bind to the target protein. The resulting DNA amplicons are quantified by qPCR on the Biomark™ HD system. Data are analyzed using the Singular™ Analysis Toolset. A total of 50 antibody binders were developed for this assay to target proteins related to apoptosis, cell cycle, cell proliferation, tumor suppressors, biomarkers, stem cells, growth factors and proteins associated with specific cancers, such as breast and prostate cancers. The assay can be performed in a 48-plex format, which yields over 4,600 datapoints in two days. Assay sensitivity and specificity were assessed using recombinant proteins and various cell lysates. To demonstrate the usefulness of this assay, we used it to profile the protein level changes in A431 cells treated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor gefitinib. EGFR is a member of ErbB family of type I tyrosine kinases, whose overexpression and mutations are involved in a variety of cancers. While much effort has been made to investigate the consequences of EGFR activation or inhibition, hardly any information is available regarding how EGFR regulation changes protein expression in single cells. Using a multiplexed protein assay, we discovered some interesting co-expression patterns of proteins in single cells. We also demonstrated that TNFRSF10B was upregulated, while MET, GATA3, BRCA1, CCNB1, Ki-67 and CCNA2 were downregulated by gefitinib treatment. Notably, the reduction of the cell cycle-related proteins CCNB1 and CCNA2 and the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 was consistent with the inhibited cell growth by gefitinib. In addition, we measured mRNA expression to investigate the association between protein and mRNA levels in single cells. Single-cell analysis—determining protein changes and analyzing the correlation between different proteins at the single-cell level—yields valuable information that is not achievable using bulk-cell analysis. Citation Format: Ilona Holcomb, Gajalakshmi Dakshinamoorthy, Benjamin Liu, Marc Unger, Ramesh Ramakrishnan, Haibiao Gong. Single-cell multiplexed profiling of protein-level changes induced by EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1853.
Polynomial Chaos for the Computation of Annual Energy Production in Wind Farm Layout Optimization

Careful management of wake interference is essential to further improve Annual Energy Production (AEP) of wind farms. Wake effects can be minimized through optimization of turbine layout, wind farm control, and turbine design. Realistic wind farm optimization is challenging because it has numerous design degrees of freedom and must account for the stochastic nature of wind. In this paper we provide a framework for calculating AEP for any relevant uncertain (stochastic) variable of interest. We use Polynomial Chaos (PC) to efficiently quantify the effect of the stochastic variables—wind direction and wind speed—on the statistical outputs of interest (AEP) for wind farm layout optimization. When the stochastic variable includes the wind direction, polynomial chaos is one order of magnitude more accurate in computing the AEP when compared to commonly used simplistic integration techniques (rectangle rule), especially for non grid-like wind farm layouts. Furthermore, PC requires less simulations for the same accuracy. This allows for more efficient optimization and uncertainty quantification of wind farm energy production.
Feeding Teotihuacan: integrating approaches to studying food and foodways of the ancient metropolis

This special issue of the Journal of Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences provides a broad overview of the foods and foodways at a premier example of urbanism in the pre-Hispanic New World, the ancient metropolis of Teotihuacan, Mexico. One of the grand challenges of reconstructing ancient urban foodways is determining the social, economic, political, and ideological factors that enabled the production, distribution, consumption, and discard of food. In this volume, we define foodways as a social process, reenacted via the daily interactions between individuals. By bringing together scholars of Teotihuacan that use diverse methods and scales of analysis, we are able to provide a synthetic review of Teotihuacan foodways by summarizing the findings of each of the contributors and contextualizing their results by embedding them within knowledge gained from the long history of investigation at the site.
Memory, place and identity: commemoration and remembrance of war and conflict

After 20-plus years of growth in memorialization studies in geography, we are now starting to ask a different set of questions about commemorative landscapes. First, are these spaces having an impa...
The quality improvement attitude survey: Development and preliminary psychometric characteristics.

Aims and objectives To report the development of a tool to measure nurse's attitudes about quality improvement in their practice setting and to examine preliminary psychometric characteristics of the Quality Improvement Nursing Attitude Scale. Background Human factors such as nursing attitudes of complacency have been identified as root causes of sentinel events. Attitudes of nurses concerning use of Quality and Safety Education for nurse's competencies can be most challenging to teach and to change. No tool has been developed measuring attitudes of nurses concerning their role in quality improvement. Design A descriptive study design with preliminary psychometric evaluation was used to examine the preliminary psychometric characteristics of the Quality Improvement Nursing Attitude Scale. Registered bedside clinical nurses comprised the sample for the study (n = 57). Methods Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Cronbach's alpha reliability. Total score and individual item statistics were evaluated. Two open-ended items were used to collect statements about nurses’ feelings regarding their experience in quality improvement efforts. Results Strong support for the internal consistency reliability and face validity of the Quality Improvement Nursing Attitude Scale was found. Total scale scores were high indicating nurse participants valued Quality and Safety Education for Nurse competencies in practice. However, item-level statistics indicated nurses felt powerless when other nurses deviate from care standards. Additionally, the sample indicated they did not consistently report patient safety issues and did not have a feeling of value in efforts to improve care. Conclusions Findings suggested organisational culture fosters nurses’ reporting safety issues and feeling valued in efforts to improve care. Participants’ narrative comments and item analysis revealed the need to generate new items for the Quality Improvement Nursing Attitude Scale focused on nurses’ perception of their importance in quality and safety and their power to enact principles. Relevance to the practice The Quality Improvement Nursing Attitude Scale-Revised edition was designed to help in understanding nurses’ attitudes and values. It can be used to further explore broad concepts of quality improvement efforts.
Florida Congressional Districts: The Names Change but Party Domination Stays the Same

Florida, the largest swing state in the 2016 presidential election, also had a competitive U.S. Senate campaign, and more than the usual amount of intriguing U.S. House races. Ultimately, Donald Trump won Florida’s electoral votes and Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) held his Senate seat. The falling dominoes from politicians seeking new offices coupled with a court-ordered, mid-decade redistricting plan led to significant changes in Florida’s House delegation. Corrine Brown, a 22-year veteran, lost in the primary and Republicans John Mica and David Jolly lost in the general election. Two Democratic members ran for the Senate (and lost). Five members retired: four Republicans and freshman Gwen Graham. The result was that Florida sent ten new representatives as part of its 27-member delegation to the 115th Congress.
Ionotactile Stimulation: Nonvolatile Ionic Gels for Human–Machine Interfaces

We report the application of a nonvolatile ionic gel as a soft, conductive interface for electrotactile stimulation. Materials characterization reveals that, compared to a conventional ionic hydrogel, a glycerol-containing ionic gel does not dry out in air, has better adhesion to skin, and exhibits a similar impedance spectrum in the range of physiological frequencies. Moreover, psychophysical experiments reveal that the nonvolatile gel also exhibits a wider window of comfortable electrotactile stimulation. Finally, a simple pixelated device is fabricated to demonstrate spatial resolution of the haptic signal.
The Difference in Efficiency and Pulmonary Function While Performing Cycle Ergometry on Land and in Water

The purpose of this study was to quantify the difference in net efficiency and pulmonary function while performing cycle ergometry on land in water. Thirty healthy adults (mean ± SD, age, 20 ± 2 y; stature, 165 ± 10 cm; mass, 70 ± 5 kg) participated in one day of testing consisting of both land and water conditions. Heart rate, O2 consumption, CO2 production, rated perceived exertion, and minute ventilation were measured for both conditions at rest, pedaling at no resistance, 50, and 100 W for two minutes. A repeated measures two-way ANOVA with post hoc tests was used to analyzed the data. The magnitude of physiological functions (rated perceived exertion, minute ventilation, energy expenditure, & heart rate) increased at higher resistance levels (50 and 100W) in water as compared to land. Efficiency decreased at 50 and 100W in water. Energy expenditure and minute ventilation both increase while cycling in water, resulting in a decrease of efficiency by 4.61%. This is due to the drag forces associated with fluid dynamics. This study and its results add to the understanding of water exercise and are beneficial to the rehabilitation and the general well-being and health of the population. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Shawn Henry
Prescribing patterns for topical retinoids within NAMCS data.

Objective: Fears of potentially costly use of topical retinoids for cosmetic treatment of photodamaged skin have resulted in many managed care organizations placing prior authorization requirements on this class of medications. The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether prescribing patterns of a nationally representative sample of US physicians shed light on the incidence of use of topical retinoids for indications other than acne. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (1996-2000) was used to examine the impact of physician specialty as well as patient diagnosis of acne on the probability of retinoid prescription in weighted multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Topical retinoids were prescribed in 0.4% (14.7 million out of 3.67 billion) physician visits for any diagnosis in the 5-year period from 1996 to 2000, and in nearly 31% (12.0 million out of 38.7 million) of physician visits for a diagnosis of acne. Topical retinoids were prescribed for acne in 77.1% of the cases. This finding held when individual retinoids (tretinoin and adapalene) were examined separately. Clear age-related prescription trends are observed, with a significant decrease in prescriptions beyond the teen years. In older patients, tretinoin prescribing did not decrease as much as adapalene prescribing. Conclusions: These data suggest that managed care organizations may want to examine their own data to determine the optimum criteria for operation of prior authorization (PA) programs for retinoids. PA requirements for these medications appear unnecessary in young patients, given the very small probability of non-acne related use. PA in older patients might be targeted to those patients on topical retinoids (such as tretinoin) for which there is evidence of efficacy in treatment of cosmetic photoaging.
The Problem of Social Responsibility

If you enter any well-stocked university library and make for the shelves containing all those rather intimidating and sometimes incomprehensible business textbooks, and if you look at the section marked “Business and Society” or some such thing, you will almost certainly find several titles having one word, or a variation of it, in common.
A NUMERICAL METHOD FOR SOLVING THE HAMILTON-JACOBI INITIAL VALUE PROBLEM

A numerical method for solving the initial value problem for the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, i.e. v t (t,x) + f(x,v x (t,x)) = 0 v(0,x) = u(x) is given. The method, for f ∈ C 2 and convex in v x , is based on a constructive version of the author's evolution operator solution where J λ = (I + λA) −1 , X > 0; A being an accretive extension of an operator A 0 : u ↦ f(•, u x ) defined on a dense subset of BU , the bounded uniformly continuous functions on IR n .
Plasmic degradation of crosslinked fibrin. I. Structural analysis of the particulate clot and identification of new macromolecular-soluble complexes

Plasmic degradation of crosslinked fibrin has been studied to identify the proteolytic cleavages that convert the clot into a soluble lysate and also to identify the derivatives that are likely to circulate during clot dissolution. Initial polypeptide chain cleavages do not disrupt the solid clot matrix. With continued exposure to plasmin, high molecular weight derivatives are produced that remain attached to the clot by noncovalent forces. Further degradation then results in the liberation into solution of several large, noncovalently bound complexes. Progressive degradation of the largest, initially liberated complexes to the terminal derivatives, DD/E, DD, and E, occurs in solution after their release from the clot. As the fibrin clot is exposed to plasmin for longer intervals, progressive dissolution occurs, but the structure of the covalently bound insoluble fibrin core, the noncovalently attached derivatives, and the liberated complexes remains constant. Since much of the initially liberated protein is in complexes larger than DD/E, these derivatives probably represent the more prevalent plasmic degradation products of crosslinked fibrin in vivo.
Music, such sudden music: when Mexican women altered space in time.1

This fable places the Michoacan female revolutionary dancers in dialogue with the renowned Mexican poet Octavio Paz, allowing the women to reveal to him key aspects of the cultural worlds they help...
Acute pancreatitis: Trends in outcomes and the role of acute kidney injury in mortality- A propensity-matched analysis.

Abstract Objectives To assess national trends of AP (acute pancreatitis) admissions, outcomes, prevalence of AKI (acute kidney injury) in AP, and impact of AKI on inpatient mortality. Methods We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2003 to 2012 to identify AP admissions using ICD-9-CM codes. After excluding patients with missing information on age, gender, and inpatient mortality, we used ICD-9-CM codes to identify complications of AP, specifically AKI. We examined trends with survey-weighted multivariable regressions and analyzed predictors of AKI and inpatient mortality by multivariate logistic regression. Additionally, both AKI and non-AKI groups were propensity-matched and regressed against mortality. Results A total of 3,466,493 patients (1.13% of all discharges) were hospitalized with AP, of which 7.9% had AKI. AP admissions increased (1.02%→1.26%) with rise in concomitant AKI cases (4.1%→11.7%) from year 2003–2012. Mortality rate decreased (1.8%→1.1%) in the AP patients with a substantial decline noted in AKI subgroup (17.4%→6.4%) during study period. Length of stay (LOS) and cost of hospitalization decreased (6.1→5.2 days and $13,654 to $10,895, respectively) in AKI subgroup. Complications such as AKI (OR: 6.08, p Conclusion Mortality, LOS, and cost of hospitalization in AP has decreased during the study period, although hospitalization and AKI prevalence has increased. AKI is independently associated with higher mortality.
Reward learning biases the direction of saccades.

Abstract The role of associative reward learning in guiding feature-based attention and spatial attention is well established. However, no studies have looked at the extent to which reward learning can modulate the direction of saccades during visual search. Here, we introduced a novel reward learning paradigm to examine whether reward-associated directions of eye movements can modulate performance in different visual search tasks. Participants had to fixate a peripheral target before fixating one of four disks that subsequently appeared in each cardinal position. This was followed by reward feedback contingent upon the direction chosen, where one direction consistently yielded a high reward. Thus, reward was tied to the direction of saccades rather than the absolute location of the stimulus fixated. Participants selected the target in the high-value direction on the majority of trials, demonstrating robust learning of the task contingencies. In an untimed visual foraging task that followed, which was performed in extinction, initial saccades were reliably biased in the previously rewarded-associated direction. In a second experiment, following the same training procedure, eye movements in the previously high-value direction were facilitated in a saccade-to-target task. Our findings suggest that rewarding directional eye movements biases oculomotor search patterns in a manner that is robust to extinction and generalizes across stimuli and task.
STEAM Programming as a Pathway to Foster Positive Academic Self-Efficacy and Positive Self-Concept

Multicultural individuals are underrepresented in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Therefore, the current study is focused on exploring STEAMtrix, a STEM out-of-school time (OST) education program that incorporates the arts for kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12) students. The study explores whether STEAMtrix could lead to the formation of positive STEM-specific self-efficacy and self-concept. Specifically, the study examined whether STEAMtrix could improve multicultural students’ interest and awareness of careers within the STEM pipeline. Thirty-eight students from multicultural backgrounds at a medium-sized community center participated in STEAMtrix. Explicit measures of STEM self-efficacy and both explicit and implicit measures of self-concept were collected before and after programming. Results demonstrated that the STEAMtrix curriculum increased STEM self-efficacy in some domains and improved implicit self-concept. This study offers insight into how community organizations and school systems can promote early access, positive self-efficacy, and positive self-concept in relation to STEM educational experiences during OST.
CHAPTER 9 – Nitrogen Metabolism

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses nitrogen metabolism in plants. Nitrogen makes up only a small fraction of plant dry weight; N compounds are extremely important physiologically. Structural and storage proteins, enzymes, amino acids and amides, nucleic acids, and plant hormones all contain N. Nitrogen concentration is high in tissues and organs in which physiological activity is greatest, as in leaves and developing fruits and seeds, and low in inactive tissues such as heartwood. Seasonally, considerable N is retranslocated within the plant before parts are shed, a process that results in adequate N for new growth. Nitrogen is absorbed either as nitrate or ammonium ions or, rarely, in organic form. If nitrate is absorbed it is reduced to ammonia in the roots or in the leaves, or in both organs. Once reduced, ammonia is assimilated into glutamine and subsequently into other amino acids. Among the most important N compounds in plants are amino acids joined by peptide linkages to form proteins that may serve in structural, storage, and catalytic roles in the plant. The substituted purine and pyrimidine bases that constitute nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), nucleotides such as AMP, ADP, and ATP, and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD and NADP) also contain N. Alkaloids, another class of N-containing compounds, appear to have no essential physiological role but are found in great variety in many plants. However, they may serve as biological deterrents to attacking organisms, and certain alkaloid compounds have been widely and very successfully employed in human medicine.
Sigma-1 receptor ablation impedes adipocyte-like differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

Abstract The sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) is a unique ligand-operated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein without any mammalian homolog. It has long been a pharmacological target for intervention of psychiatric disorders, and recently garnered refreshed interest for its neuroprotective potential. Though reported to modulate various intracellular events, its influence on cell identity is little known. We explored a role for Sig1R in adipocyte differentiation. We induced adipogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with a differentiation medium. MEFs were isolated from Sigmar1−/− and Sigmar1+/+ mice. The induced adipocyte-like phenotype was detected through Western blots of master transcription factors (PPARγ, CEBPA, SREBP1, SREBP2), lipogenic proteins (FABP4, ACC1, ACAT2), and Oil-Red-O staining of lipids. We found that the induced upregulation of these proteins and lipid accumulation were severely mitigated in Sigmar1−/− (vs Sigmar1+/+) MEFs. Sig1R activation with a selective agonist (PRE084) increased Sig1R protein and further enhanced the induced adipocyte-like phenotype in Sigmar1+/+ MEFs. We also determined mouse body weight gain induced by high-fat diet for 6 months, which was impeded in Sigmar1−/− (vs Sigmar1+/+) male mice. In summary, genetic ablation of Sig1R impairs, and agonist activation of Sig1R enhances adipocyte-like phenotype of induced MEFs. In vivo, Sig1R ablation impedes the body weight gain of male mice on high-fat diet. This study warrants further investigation of a previously unrecognized role for Sig1R in adipocyte differentiation.
Targeted occupant surveys: A novel method to effectively relate occupant feedback with environmental conditions

Abstract Occupant satisfaction surveys are widely used in laboratory and field research studies of indoor environmental quality. Field studies pose several challenges because researchers usually have no control over the indoor environments experienced by building occupants, it is difficult to recruit and retain participants, and data collection methods can be cumbersome. With this in mind, we developed a survey platform that uses real-time feedback to send targeted occupant surveys (TOS) at specific indoor environmental conditions and stops sending survey requests when collected responses reach the maximum surveys required. We performed a pilot study of the TOS platform with occupants of a radiant heated and cooled building to target survey responses at 16 radiant slab surface (infrared) temperatures evenly distributed from 15 to 30 °C. We developed metrics and ideal datasets to compare the TOS platform against other occupant survey distribution methods. The results show that this novel method has a higher approximation to characteristics of an ideal dataset; 41% compared to 23%, 19%, and 12% of other datasets in previous field studies. Our TOS method minimizes the number of times occupants are surveyed and ensures a more complete and balanced dataset. This allows researchers to more efficiently and reliably collect subjective data for occupant satisfaction studies.
In Vivo Cancer-Based Functional Genomics

Pinpointing the underlying mechanisms that drive tumorigenesis in human patients is a prerequisite for identifying suitable therapeutic targets for precision medicine. In contrast to cell culture systems, mouse models are highly favored for evaluating tumor progression and therapeutic response in a more realistic in vivo context. The past decade has witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of functional genomic studies using diverse mouse models, including in vivo clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and RNA interference (RNAi) screens, and these have provided a wealth of knowledge addressing multiple essential questions in translational cancer research. We compare the multiple mouse systems and genomic tools that are commonly used for in vivo screens to illustrate their strengths and limitations. Crucial components of screen design and data analysis are also discussed.
Comparing PVD Titanium Nitride Film Properties and their Effect on Beyond 7 nm EUV Patterning

Two sources of physical vapor deposition (PVD) titanium nitride (TiN) are compared for beyond 7 nm extreme ultraviolet (EUV) single expose patterning applications. The film density, stress, and grain size affect etch characteristics and refractive index affects lithography and overlay. It was learned that tuning and controlling the film characteristics using radio frequency physical vapor deposition (RFPVD) is critical to patterning applications beyond the 7 nm node.
Somatostatin Receptor as a Molecular Imaging Target in Human and Canine Cushing Disease.

Objectives Fluorescence-guided surgery may improve completeness of resection in transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease (CD) by enabling visualization of residual tumor tissue at the margins. In this review we discuss somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) as targets for fluorescence-guided surgery and overview existing SSTR-specific imaging agents. We also compare SSTR expression in normal pituitary and corticotrophinoma tissues from human and canine CD patients to assess canines as a translational model for CD. Methods A PubMed literature search was conducted for publications containing the terms canine, somatostatin receptor, Cushing's disease, and corticotroph adenoma. SSTR expression data from each study was documented as the presence or absence of expression or, when possible, the number of tumors expressing a given SSTR subtype within a group of tumors being studied. Studies that used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to quantify SSTR expression were selected for additional comparative analysis. Results SSTR5 is strongly expressed in human corticotroph adenomas and weakly expressed in surrounding pituitary parenchyma, a pattern not conclusively observed in canine patients. SSTR2 mRNA expression is similar in human normal pituitary and corticotrophinoma cells but may be significantly higher in canine normal pituitary tissue than in corticotroph tumoral tissue. Limited data were available on SSTR subtypes 1, 3, and 4. Conclusions Further studies must fill the knowledge gaps related to species-specific SSTR expression, so using canine CD as a translational model may be premature. We do conclude that the expression profile of SSTR5 (i.e., high local expression in pituitary adenomas relative to normal surrounding tissues) makes SSTR5 a promising molecular target for FGS.
Impact of COVID-19 on inpatient clinical emergencies: A single-center experience.

Aim: Determine changes in rapid response team (RRT) activations and describe institutional adaptations made during a surge in hospitalizations for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Using prospectively collected data, we compared characteristics of RRT calls at our academic hospital from March 7 through May 31, 2020 (COVID-19 era) versus those from January 1 through March 6, 2020 (pre-COVID-19 era). We used negative binomial regression to test differences in RRT activation rates normalized to floor (non-ICU) inpatient census between pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 eras, including the sub-era of rapid COVID-19 census surge and plateau (March 28 through May 2, 2020). Results: RRT activations for respiratory distress rose substantially during the rapid COVID-19 surge and plateau (2.38 (95% CI 1.39-3.36) activations per 1000 floor patient-days v. 1.27 (0.82-1.71) during the pre-COVID-19 era; p = 0.02); all-cause RRT rates were not significantly different (5.40 (95% CI 3.94-6.85) v. 4.83 (3.86-5.80) activations per 1000 floor patient-days, respectively; p = 0.52). Throughout the COVID-19 era, respiratory distress accounted for a higher percentage of RRT activations in COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 patients (57% vs. 28%, respectively; p = 0.001). During the surge, we adapted RRT guidelines to reduce in-room personnel and standardize personal protective equipment based on COVID-19 status and risk to providers, created decision-support pathways for respiratory emergencies that accounted for COVID-19 status uncertainty, and expanded critical care consultative support to floor teams. Conclusion: Increased frequency and complexity of RRT activations for respiratory distress during the COVID-19 surge prompted the creation of clinical tools and strategies that could be applied to other hospitals.
A Hybrid Intrusion Detection System for Smart Home Security Based on Machine Learning and User Behavior

With technology constantly becoming present in people’s lives, smart homes are increasing in popularity. A smart home system controls lighting, temperature, security camera systems, and appliances. These devices and sensors are connected to the internet, and these devices can easily become the target of attacks. To mitigate the risk of using smart home devices, the security and privacy thereof must be artificially smart so they can adapt based on user behavior and environments. The security and privacy systems must accurately analyze all actions and predict future actions to protect the smart home system. We propose a Hybrid Intrusion Detection (HID) system using machine learning algorithms, including random forest, X gboost, decision tree, K -nearest neighbors, and misuse detection technique.
A tell-tale wiggle

Scanning tunnelling microscopy reveals an unexpected periodicity in the local density of states of a transition metal dichalcogenide — with a puzzling wavelength that casts the material as a quantum spin liquid.
Characterization of the therapeutic effect of antibodies targeting the Ebola glycoprotein using a novel BSL2-compliant rVSVΔG-EBOV-GP infection model

Ebola virus (EBOV) infections cause haemorrhagic fever, multi-organ failure and death, and survivors can experience neurological sequelae. Licensing of monoclonal antibodies targeting EBOV glycopro...
Observations on building distributed languages and systems

This paper surveys projects in distributed languages and systems at the University of Arizona, and offers observations based on the experience gained during their design, implementation, and use. The relevant projects are the SR distributed programming language, the Saguaro distributed operating system, the MLP system for constructing distributed mixed-language programs, the object-based distributed programming language Emerald, and the Psync interprocess communication mechanism. The observations address the experimentation process itself as well as the design of distributed software.
Minidevaluations and indexed wages: The Brazilian experience in the seventies

Abstract This paper examines how financing a deficit in the trade balance permitted Brazil to increase her productive capacity during the last decade. The model presented brings into the center of the argument the question of the division of output between the classes of society stressing the political element in economic development. It incorporates indexed wages and their interplay with minidevaluations together with the effects these policies had on growth, inflation and the functional distribution of income, during the last decade. The persistent surplus of imports has led to debt payments that already put a burden on the balance of payments. Policies available for adjusting the Brazil foreign accounts are discussed.
The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages I: Race Studies, Modernity, and the Middle Ages†

‘The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages’– a two-part article – questions the widely held belief in canonical race theory that ‘race’ is a category without purchase before the modern era. Surveying a variety of cultural documents from the 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries – chronicles, hagiography, literature, stories, sculpture, maps, canon law, statuary, illustrations, religious commentary, and architectural features – the study considers racial thinking, racial law, racial formation, and racialized behaviors and phenomena in medieval Europe before the emergence of a recognizable vocabulary of race. One focus is how a political hermeneutics of religion – so much in play again today – enabled the positing of fundamental human differences in biopolitical and culturalist ways to create strategic essentialisms demarcating human kinds and populations. Another focus is how race figures in the emergence of homo europaeus and the identity of Western Europe (beginning as Latin Christendom) in this time. Part I –‘Race Studies, Modernity, and the Middle Ages’– surveys the current state of race theory, and puts in conversation race studies and medieval studies, fields that exist on either side of a vast divide. Part II –‘Locations of Medieval Race’– identifies and analyzes specific concretions of medieval race, while continuing to develop the theoretical arguments of Part I.
Optimal control for a general class of Impulsive systems on Banach spaces

In this paper we present a brief overview of recent development of Impulsive systems and corresponding control theory. Our emphasis is on models recently introduced in a series of papers of the author based on vector measures. We present some results on existence of optimal controls and necessary conditions of optimality developed in these papers.
Immune Reactions in Chronic Liver Diseases

The question of whether or not human liver diseases may be initiated or perpetuated by immune processes has been raised by a number of observations, not necessarily related.
Theory and Research From the Communication Field: Discourses That Constitute and Reflect Families

From the disciplinary perspective of communication studies, we review theory and research in family communication, including a brief history of the family communication field; the contributions of a family communication perspective; and 5 theories of family communication: communication accommodation theory, communication privacy management theory, family communication patterns theory, narrative theor(ies), and relational dialectics theory. We then illustrate the concept of discourse dependence in family communication processes and discuss current trends in family communication research. We also suggest emerging directions for family communication scholarship.
Cisplatin-induced renal toxicity magn…ified: role of magnesium deficiency in AKI onset

cisplatin is one of the most common and most effective chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of various solid types of cancer ([1][1], [11][2]). Clinically, cisplatin treatment is characterized by a high level of remission: e.g., ∼80% in the case of testicular cancer ([4][3]). The