cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Debt Structure, Market Value of Firm, and Recovery Rate

This paper examines the determinants of the outcomes of the default recovery process. We find that a new variable that incorporates not only the percentage of debt more senior to the debt instrument, but also debt at the same rank, is the most important factor driving the recovery rate. It is responsible for more than half of the total variation in recovery rates that can be explained by a comprehensive list of recovery determinants in our study, outweighing the instrument and collateral types. This finding suggests that, instead of merely focusing on debt seniority and collateral types at issuance, investors, banks, and rating agencies need to incorporate firms’ dynamic debt structure to obtain accurate recovery rate estimation. Furthermore, we find that firm’s trailing 1-year stock return is the second most important determinants of recovery rates, accounting for about one-third of the variation in recovery rates that can be explained. After controlling for the firm-level variables, the industry-level and macro-level variables play relatively minor roles in explaining recovery. However, if trailing 1-year stock return is not available (for example, for private firms), industry conditions would then be crucial in explaining recovery rates.
Tax Patents: At the Crossroads of Tax and Patent Law

Since the 1998 State Street decision, the U.S. Patent and Trademarks Office has been issuing patents on tax planning methods, even including methods that do not require computerized implementation. The tax and intellectual property bars generally have widely divergent views of tax planning method patents. The patent bar tends to view the incentivizing of innovation as a per se public good, while the tax bar expresses concerns ranging from the impact on practice to the impact on the federal fisc. The report provides context for understanding these positions with a summary of the history of business method patents and a review of important recent developments relating to the patenting of tax strategy patents in three different arenas: Congress, where broad patent reform legislation is under consideration; the courts, where the broad interpretation of patent law subject matter eligibility requirements evidenced in the State Street case is under question; and the Internal Revenue Service, which has issued proposed regulations to require reporting of transactions that use tax planning method patents. (This report primarily covers developments concerning tax strategy and business method patents through the summer of 2008, with a brief update on the impact of the Federal Circuit's October 30 decision in Bilski.)The report explores the reasons that the tax bar's views of tax strategy patents differ markedly from the intellectual property bar's views. It acknowledges a number of practical concerns and presents a critique of tax strategy patents based on the special attributes of the tax system that set it apart from other areas of the law.
Marketing Strategies in A Multi-Ethnic Environment

Recent demographic changes indicate the increasing importance of ethnic minority consumers in American society. A Review of practices of Marketing towards ethnic minorities reveals several perspect...
Modular "click" chemistry for electrochemically and photoelectrochemically active molecular interfaces to tin oxide surfaces.

We demonstrate the use of “click” chemistry to form electrochemically and photoelectrochemically active molecular interfaces to SnO2 nanoparticle thin films. By using photochemical grafting to link a short-chain alcohol to the surface followed by conversion to a surface azide group, we enable use of the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, a form of “click” chemistry, on metal oxide surfaces. Results are shown with three model compounds to test the surface chemistry and subsequent ability to achieve electrochemical and photoelectrochemical charge transfer. Surface-tethered ferrocene groups exhibit good electron-transfer characteristics with thermal rates estimated at >1000 s–1. Time-resolved surface photovoltage measurements using a ruthenium terpyridyl coordination compound demonstrate photoelectron charge transfer on time scales of nanoseconds or less, limited by the laser pulse width. The results demonstrate that the CuAAC “click” reaction can be used to form electrochem...
Compression of Barotropic Turbulence Simulation Data Using Wavelet-Based Lossy Coding

Single-precision floating point data from a simulation of barotropic turbulence is compressed with a wavelet-based method. The quantity being compressed is vorticity. The compression error is evaluated both in terms of error in the vorticity and the error in various quantities derived from the vorticity. Numerical error is evaluated in all quantities and visualizations of the vorticity and correlation of the error with the uncompressed data are evaluated. It is found that depending on the quantities of interest and the evaluation criteria, compression ratios of 4:1 to 256:1 are achievable. Under a conservative definition of acceptable error, it is possible to recover quantities of interest from data compressed 4:1 (8bpp), the data rate that in existing practice is used for visualization.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Complementary and alternative medicine for arthritis.

with the use of complementary and alternative medicine have attracted the interest of health care organizations, policy makers, providers, and consumers. Complementary and alternative medicine is usually defined as medical interventions that are neither taught widely in US medical schools nor generally available in US hospitals and includes modalities such as herbal medicine, spiritual healing, and aromatherapy. It is important to remember, however, that with data from efficacy studies complementary and alternative medicine treatments have the potential to become part of mainstream medicine. For example, digitalis and colchicine were once considered “alternative” but are now prescribed by mainstream practitioners. In this commentary, I will briefly review the epidemiology of complementary and alternative medicine use by patients with rheumatologic conditions and highlight recent data on selected complementary and alternative medicine treatments for arthritis.
Facile and scalable disposable sensor based on laser engraved graphene for electrochemical detection of glucose.

A novel and highly sensitive disposable glucose sensor strip was developed using direct laser engraved graphene (DLEG) decorated with pulse deposited copper nanocubes (CuNCs). The high reproducibility (96.8%), stability (97.4%) and low cost demonstrated by this 3-step fabrication method indicates that it could be used for high volume manufacturing of disposable glucose strips. The fabrication method also allows for a high degree of flexibility, allowing for control of the electrode size, design, and functionalization method. Additionally, the excellent selectivity and sensitivity (4,532.2 μA/mM.cm2), low detection limit (250 nM), and suitable linear range of 25 μM–4 mM, suggests that these sensors may be a great potential platform for glucose detection within the physiological range for tear, saliva, and/or sweat.
Redescriptions of some Lower Devonian gastropods from Tennessee currently considered to be platyceratids

Three genera of gastropods described from the Lower Devonian Rockhouse Formation of Hardin County, Tennessee, currently are considered to be junior subjective synonyms of Platyceras (Visitator) Perner, 1911. Evaluation of the type specimens of these genera as well as types of two other gastropods from the same formation reveals the following: Platyostoma quadrangulare (Dunbar, 1920) is the only platyceratid gastropod among them; Saffordella tennessensis Dunbar, 1920 has a selenizone above midwhorl so it is an eotomarioidean belonging to the Gosseletinidae; Aulopea nelsoni Dunbar, 1920 and the lectotype of Distemnostoma princeps Dunbar, 1920 each has a broad subsutural sinus on the upper whorl surface similar to the Omphalotrochidae, as well as a basal sinus similar to certain primitive caenogastropods, so their systematic position is uncertain; I consider Holopea planidorsata Dunbar, 1920 to be a juvenile specimen of D. princeps; the fragmentary paralectotype of D. princeps possibly represents a gerontic form of Distemnostoma curtum Dunbar, 1920, which possesses a well-developed selenizone on an upwardly projecting shoulder at the edge of the upper whorl surface. Because D. curtum appears to be unrelated to D. princeps, the genotype of Distemnostoma, I propose the new generic name Omocordella for D. curtum. The new family Micromphalidae is erected to include Ordovician Slehoferia Rohr and Fryda, 2001, lower Carboniferous Micromphalus Knight, 1945, and Omocordella n. gen.
Fermi Surface Studies with Positrons

Recent developments in the field of two-dimensional angular correlation (2D ACAR) studies of the Fermi surfaces of metallic solids are reviewed. The current power of the technique to image the Fermi surfaces of electronically complex systems is discussed and illustrated and the further and dramatic improvement that must result when the present radioisotope positron sources are replaced by intense monoenergetic positron beams is demonstrated.
Laser induced fluorescence measurements of axial velocity, velocity shear, and parallel ion temperature profiles during the route to plasma turbulence in a linear magnetized plasma device

We report experimental measurements of the axial plasma flow and the parallel ion temperature in a magnetized linear plasma device. We used laser induced fluorescence to measure Doppler resolved ion velocity distribution functions in argon plasma to obtain spatially resolved axial velocities and parallel ion temperatures. We also show changes in the parallel velocity profiles during the transition from resistive drift wave dominated plasma to a state of weak turbulence driven by multiple plasma instabilities.
The Impacts of Digital Transformation, Agile, and DevOps on Future IT curricula

Prior practices such as waterfall software development, project management, and IT process frameworks are being questioned, and workforce requirements changing in response. IT education must keep current with these digital trends. Present programs and curricula do not adequately meet the rapidly emerging demand for digitally-skilled professionals. To address this urgent need, the lightening talk discusses needs for digital transformation, Agile and DevOps skills. This lightening talk presents the first version of an IT curriculum reference guide recently developed for use in the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system. The audience will be able to use this guide to embed digital and DevOps skills into new IT curriculum, modify existing IT curriculum, or develop new courses/programs for IT.
A (Contrarian’s) Reappraisal of the History and Current State of the Ontology Debate in the Philosophy of Space

If substantivalism (absolutism) holds that space is an independently existing entity, and relationism claims that space is only a relation between such entities, then what do alternative ontologies of space, which are allegedly neither substantivalist nor relationist, contend? This chapter will begin the discussion of this central question, although, as will become apparent throughout our investigation, there is much uncertainty regarding the content and scope of both substantivalism and relationism as well. In §1.1, a brief overview of the ideas and influences that have shaped the contemporary evolution and understanding of the standard dichotomy, i.e., substantivalism and relationism, will be provided, whereas §1.2 will offer a preliminary categorization of alternative spatial ontologies. In contrast, §1.3 will examine the background to the modern dichotomy at the beginning of the seventeenth century, that is, in the period just prior to the contributions of Newton and Leibniz, as well as provide a brief synopsis of the concepts that guided Descartes’ natural philosophy of space and motion. This section of the chapter will begin to reveal the extraordinary obstacles that face any attempt to draw a clear line of conceptual lineage from the natural philosophy of space typically practiced in the seventeenth century to the presuppositions that inform the modern dichotomy.
Operation strategies of the load aggregator with electric energy storage

Today in competitive power markets, with higher level of penetration of variable renewable energy resources, electric energy price becomes more volatile and uncertain. The integration of distributed generation into the distribution systems makes the load more volatile. It becomes more challenging for load aggregators to manage energy purchasing cost facing the higher price and load uncertainties. With the rapid development of Electric Energy Storage (EES), operation for load aggregator is more flexible. Within this context, this paper investigates the operation strategies for the load aggregator to manage electric energy cost by utilizing EES. A novel Model Predictive Control (MPC)-based operation strategy is proposed. An operation strategy without EES and an operation strategy with EES are also discussed and studied for comparison. Case studies demonstrate the benefits of utilizing EES and the better performance of the proposed MPC-based operation strategy.
Cells inducing tolerance to Mls and H-2 antigens.

The thymus shapes the T cell repertoire by selecting T cells which recognize foreign antigens in association with self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and by tolerizing those cells which have the potential to react to self antigens.1,2 There is now convincing evidence that negative selection (tolerance induction) of potentially self-reactive cells can occur by a process of clonal deletion.3-5 Direct support for this viewpoint has come from studies with monoclonal antibodies (mAB) specific for particular T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ gene products. Thus, it has been found that mature T cells bearing Vβ11, Vβ17, and Vβ5-positive TCRs are selectively deleted in I-E-positive mouse strains, presumably because these TCRs have high reactivity for I-E molecules (perhaps complexed with self peptides).6–8 Similar results are found for Mls antigens, a set of poorly characterized self antigens which have the unusual property of stimulating very high primary mixed lymphocyte responses (MLR).9,10 Thus, Mlsa-positive mouse strains delete Vβ6 and Vβ8.1-positive T cells and Mlsc-positive strains delete T cells bearing Vβ3.11–14
Hemodynamics and gas exchange during chest compressions in neonatal resuscitation

Purpose Current knowledge about pulmonary/systemic hemodynamics and gas exchange during neonatal resuscitation in a model of transitioning fetal circulation with fetal shunts and fluid-filled alveoli is limited. Using a fetal lamb asphyxia model, we sought to determine whether hemodynamic or gas-exchange parameters predicted successful return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Methods The umbilical cord was occluded in 22 lambs to induce asphyxial cardiac arrest. Following five minutes of asystole, resuscitation as per AHA-Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines was initiated. Hemodynamic parameters and serial arterial blood gases were assessed during resuscitation. Results ROSC occurred in 18 lambs (82%) at a median (IQR) time of 120 (105–180) seconds. There were no differences in hemodynamic parameters at baseline and at any given time point during resuscitation between the lambs that achieved ROSC and those that did not. Blood gases at arrest prior to resuscitation were comparable between groups. However, lambs that achieved ROSC had lower PaO2, higher PaCO2, and lower lactate during resuscitation. Increase in diastolic blood pressures induced by epinephrine in lambs that achieved ROSC (11 ±4 mmHg) did not differ from those that were not resuscitated (10 ±6 mmHg). Low diastolic blood pressures were adequate to achieve ROSC. Conclusions Hemodynamic parameters in a neonatal lamb asphyxia model with transitioning circulation did not predict success of ROSC. Lactic acidosis, higher PaO2 and lower PaCO2 observed in the lambs that did not achieve ROSC may represent a state of inadequate tissue perfusion and/or mitochondrial dysfunction.
Evaluating tilt for wind plants

The objective of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of tilt in a wind plant. Tilt control, much like other wind plant control strategies, has the potential to improve the performance of a wind plant. Tilt control uses the tilt angle of the turbine to direct the wake above or below the downstream turbines. This paper presents a study of tilt in two- and three-turbine arrays. Specifically, the authors show that the power production of a two-turbine array can be increased by tilting turbines in a specific orientation. When adding more turbines, as is shown with the three-turbine array, the overall percentage of power gain increases. This outcome deviates from some of the results seen in typical wind plant control strategies. Finally, we discuss the impact this type of control strategy has on the aerodynamics in a wind plant. This analysis demonstrates that a good understanding of wake characteristics is necessary to improve the plant's performance. A tilt strategy such as the one presented in this paper may have implications for future control/optimization studies including optimization of hub heights in a wind plant and analysis of deep array effects.
Impact of aerosols on ice crystal size.

Abstract. The interactions between aerosols and ice clouds represent one of the largest uncertainties in global radiative forcing from pre-industrial time to the present. In particular, the impact of aerosols on ice crystal effective radius ( Rei ), which is a key parameter determining ice clouds' net radiative effect, is highly uncertain due to limited and conflicting observational evidence. Here we investigate the effects of aerosols on Rei under different meteorological conditions using 9-year satellite observations. We find that the responses of Rei to aerosol loadings are modulated by water vapor amount in conjunction with several other meteorological parameters. While there is a significant negative correlation between Rei and aerosol loading in moist conditions, consistent with the “Twomey effect” for liquid clouds, a strong positive correlation between the two occurs in dry conditions. Simulations based on a cloud parcel model suggest that water vapor modulates the relative importance of different ice nucleation modes, leading to the opposite aerosol impacts between moist and dry conditions. When ice clouds are decomposed into those generated from deep convection and formed in situ, the water vapor modulation remains in effect for both ice cloud types, although the sensitivities of Rei to aerosols differ noticeably between them due to distinct formation mechanisms. The water vapor modulation can largely explain the difference in the responses of Rei to aerosol loadings in various seasons. A proper representation of the water vapor modulation is essential for an accurate estimate of aerosol–cloud radiative forcing produced by ice clouds.
What Comes Around Goes Around: Teaching For and About Social and Human Capital in Leisure Studies

(2001). What Comes Around Goes Around: Teaching For and About Social and Human Capital in Leisure Studies. SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 1-13.
Adenovirus vector infection of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells

Adenovirus vectors have several features that make them attractive for potential use in gene therapy, including a broad tissue tropism and an ability to infect quiescent or postmitotic cells. In light of this, we examined whether recombinant adenovirus vectors could transfer genes into neoplastic cells of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a leukemia of "resting" B cells. Using high-titer recombinant adenovirus vectors, we found we could transfer genes encoding beta-galactosidase or murine CD80 (B7-1) into the CLL B cells of all patients tested (n = 10). The efficiency of gene transduction into CLL B cells was approximately 100 to 1,000-fold lower than into HeLa cells at any given multiplicity of infection (MOI). At a MOI of 500, 10% to 70% of the CLL B cells from different patients were made to express the transgene, as assessed by multiparameter flow cytometric analysis. Sustained levels of expression with little loss in the percentage of infected cells were maintained for up to 9 days, at which point the analysis was stopped. We found that CLL B cells have markedly lower expression levels of integrins that facilitate internalization of adenovirus particles into target cells, perhaps accounting, in part, for the reduced efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer compared with that in HeLa cells. Although HeLa cells express high levels of alpha(v)beta5, and detectable amounts of alpha(v)beta3, we find CLL cells from all patients tested express only low amounts of alpha(v)beta3, and no detectable alpha(v)beta5. Activation of CLL cells via CD40 cross-linking enhances expression of alpha(v)beta3, and induces expression of alpha(v)beta5. This phenotypic change is associated with a fivefold increase in the efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into such activated CLL B cells. This study demonstrates that adenovirus vectors can transduce genes into CLL B cells and that the efficiency of gene transduction is enhanced by activation via CD40 cross-linking. This is the first demonstration that high proportions of CLL B cells can be made to express a selected transgene, suggesting that such gene transfer methods may become useful for the study of the pathogenesis and/or treatment of this disease.
Collective Memory, Psychology of

Behavioral and social scientists share certain views concerning the psychology of collective memory. They recognize that (a) collectivities require a shared memory of the past as a basis for social identity and (b) memory is malleable, subject to substantial distortion. Differences exist, however, between neo-Durkheimians, who emphasize the defining role of the present in the construction of past memories, and neo-Freudians, who shift the focus to the intrusive role of the past upon the present. In the former, collective memory is understood largely in relation to the shaping of a collective consciousness, with the past as a symbolic resource for the achievement of a solidaristic community. In the latter, collective memory is understood as reactive to the intrusion of traumatic experience from the past upon the present. For neo-Durkheimians, collective memory is in service to present day needs and interests; for neo-Freudians, collective memory expresses the legacy of traumatic pasts inscribed in the present.
FORMULA 2.0: A Language for Formal Specifications

FORMULA 2.0 is a novel formal specification language based on open-world logic programs and behavioral types. Its goals are 1 succinct specifications of domain-specific abstractions and compilers, 2 efficient reasoning and compilation of input programs, 3 diverse synthesis and fast verification. We take a unique approach towards achieving these goals: Specifications are written as strongly-typed open-world logic programs. They are highly declarative and easily express rich synthesis / verification problems. Automated reasoning is enabled by efficient symbolic execution of logic programs into constraints. This tutorial introduces the FORMULA 2.0 language and concepts through a series of small examples.
BIOASSAYS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF ORGANOTIN MARINE ANTIFOULANTS

Coatings containing various organotins as marine antifoulants have been proven to provide effective, long-lived protection of marine vessels and marine installation. Their efficacy as compared to other antifoulants and other antifouling methodologies has been the focus of a number of both fundamental studies and technological investigation. In addition, the relative environmental impact of their widespread use as compared to alternate antifouling procedures has become an urgent question. This paper reports our initial studies of the effects of tributyltin acetate on both invertebrates and vertebrates from a local, south Louisiana estuary. Summary results are: (1) at concentrations of organotin of 0.15 ppm and above, all vertebrates (fishes) died within three hours (most died within twenty minutes of exposure); (2) at an organotin concentration of 0.10 ppm all vertebrates died within twenty-four hours; (3) at an organotin concentration of 0.15 ppm all invertebrates (mollusc) died between five and eight days; (4) all controls remained healthy and active throughout the experiments; and (5) some habitat substrates were found to detoxify organotin solutions by absorbing (or adsorbing) the toxicant.
A Realist Conceptualization of the IT Artifact

The IT Artifact (ITA) has largely been implicitly conceptualized in IS research (Orlikowski and Iacono 2001). This paper proposes a theoretical conceptualization from a Critical Realist standpoint. First, it reviews the extant literature and identifies gaps. The, it defines the IT artifact as an assemblage of IT hardware, software and networking equipment designed to extend human capabilities in processing symbols situated in a particular work system. Further, it proposes that the IT artifact be considered as a real technological entity with limited malleability and interpretive flexibility. Furthermore, it proposes that the ITA is a non-reflexive actor which can act as a tool, proxy or novelty (Collins and Kusch 1998) in relationship to people. Additional work needs to be performed develop a theory of how this social integration is achieved. Additional implications are drawn for research and practice.
Teacher learning about teacher-parent engagement: shifting narratives and a proposed trajectory

In this paper, we examine teacher learning about teacher-parent engagement in mathematics and science education. Using data from three different schools participating in TE-PAC (Teacher-Parent Collaborative Communities), we find evidence of teacher learning in the stories teachers tell about the meanings of - and possibilities for - teacher-parent engagement in the context of broader cultural narratives about the teaching and learning of mathematics and science in their schools and districts. In particular, teacher learning was reflected in changes in teacher narratives over time and in the new understandings of parent resources incorporated into these shifting narratives. We conclude with a proposed trajectory of teacher learning about teacher-parent engagement.
Refined Small-Signal Sequence Impedance Models of Type-III Wind Turbines

Refined sequence impedance models are presented for type-III wind turbines that use doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG). Previous small-signal sequence impedance models of DFIG did not consider the dynamics of the dc bus voltage connecting the stator- and rotor-side converters, and ignored small-signal responses at non-perturbation frequency. This work models the turbine in a new way by first modeling each converter independently and fully characterizing their ac/dc dynamics, and then combining these transfer functions to obtain the small-signal models of the whole turbine. These improved small-signal models consider dc bus dynamics as well as the current response at non-perturbation frequency that occurs due to the nonlinear nature of the converter and control. Turbine-grid system stability analysis that accounts for the coupled current responses is also presented. The transfer functions and small-signal models are validated against detailed simulation. The developed models are also compared against previous models to demonstrate the improved accuracy.
CASE STUDY: THERMOPLASTIC SCAPULOTHORACIC ORTHOSIS FOR TREATMENT OF WINGING SCAPULA

INTRODUCTION Winging scapula is a rare condition that can be painful and debilitating to the upper extremity involved1. This condition can affect the functional ability of the upper extremity, resulting in loss of range of motion, decreased power, and pain.1 The purpose of this study was to introduce and determine the clinical applicability of a custom thermoplastic scapulothoracic orthosis to aid in management of winging scapula. The thermoplastic scapulothoracic orthosis offers total contact and provides anterior-posterior compressive forces to stabilize the winging scapula. This design provides a semi-rigid structure that is lightweight and allows user adjustability. The study highlights the potential applicability of the custom thermoplastic scapulothoracic orthosis in the categories of pain, active range of motion at the shoulder, and overall self-reported activities of daily living. Abstract PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32043/24457 How to cite: Brown S, Trexler G. CASE STUDY: THERMOPLASTIC SCAPULOTHORACIC ORTHOSIS FOR TREATMENT OF WINGING SCAPULA. CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL, VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2018; ABSTRACT, ORAL PRESENTATION AT THE AOPA’S 101ST NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, SEPT. 26-29, VANCOUVER, CANADA, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32043 Abstracts were Peer-reviewed by the American Orthotic Prosthetic Association (AOPA) 101st National Assembly Scientific Committee. http://www.aopanet.org/
Rapid Prediction of Installed Jet Noise From RANS

A new method of computing jet noise, called mSrc, was developed on the general principles of acoustic analogies. In the method, the problem of translating turbulent flow energy into acoustic energy at a far-field observer is broken into two parts, a calculation of acoustic source strengths and then their propagation. The acoustic sources are related to turbulent quantities in the jet plume in a robust manner. The propagation, which is more properly computed using a Green's function accounting for nonuniform speed of sound and solid surfaces, is instead modeled using commonly observed features of jet acoustic far field directivity, and by diffraction barrier theory for surfaces. The mSrc method does not require gradients of the predicted flow field, allowing it to make use of robust unstructured RANS CFD methods, including embedded boundary codes. Such codes do not require specification of surface meshes, and auto-refine their grid to resolve flow gradients, putting resolution where it is required without a priori user input. The ability of mSrc to use such radically unstructured flow input results in an efficient method of estimating noise from jet flows from complex nozzles installed on aircraft. Many validation cases are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and range of applicability of the mSrc method for representative jet noise applications.
New Synonyms and Lectotypification in Begonia section Australes (Begoniaceae)

In preparation for a taxonomic account of Begonia section Australes , Begonia crinita and B. rubricaulis var. volcanensis are here newly synonymized with B. micranthera subsp. micranthera , and lectotypes of Begonia crinita and B . pearcei are designated.
Patient-Perceived Lack of Choice in Receipt of Radioactive Iodine for Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

PURPOSEFor many patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, use of radioactive iodine (RAI) does not improve survival or reduce recurrence risk. Yet there is wide variation in RAI use, emphasizing...
When Cancer Hits the Oncologist's Home.

An oncologist reflects on the experience of a family member being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and the lessons learned on the ensuing journey.
The Need for Dynamic Clinical Guidelines: A Systematic Review of New Research Published After Release of the 2017 ATA Guidelines on Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum.

Background: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines on Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum (ATA Guidelines) were published in 2017, with an update not expected for another five years. Since release of the 2017 ATA Guidelines, greater than 500 articles have been published in the field. Furthermore, there are presently 14 prospective, interventional trials in progress registered at Clinicaltrials.gov. Static guidelines updated every 5-7 years fail to provide timely evidence-based guidance to practicing clinicians. Consequently, guideline development should move towards the creation of dynamic documents. The present article reviews the literature published since the 2017 ATA Guidelines, both to benefit clinicians in practice and to make the case for Dynamic ATA Guidelines. Methods: Using the search terms “thyroid” and “pregnancy”, a systematic review of literature published in Pubmed from 3/1/2017 to 12/31/2018 was conducted. The titles and/or abstracts of all articles were reviewed. All articles were classified by subject headings used in the 2017 ATA Guidelines. English-text articles classified under “hypothyroidism” or “thyroid autoimmunity” were examined in full-text. Using the questions and recommendations put forth by the previous ATA Guidelines, relevant articles were selected for discussion in this review. Results: At the time of the search, 659 unique articles on “thyroid and pregnancy” were identified, including 66 original studies on hypothyroidism and 26 on thyroid autoimmunity. Of these, 26 studies on hypothyroidism and 18 studies on thyroid autoimmunity were selected for inclusion in this review based on specific questions in the 2017 ATA Guidelines. Based on these 44 articles, we propose 2 specific changes to the 2017 ATA Guidelines. Conclusion: Based on new research, we recommend the 2017 ATA Guidelines be updated to recommend against treating thyroid antibody-negative women diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism in the second trimester or later; to reflect new, moderate-quality evidence supporting the treatment of thyroid peroxidase antibody-negative women with elevated thyroid stimulating hormone levels in the first trimester or earlier; and to recommend against treatment of euthyroid, thyroid peroxidase antibody-positive women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. Transitioning to a Dynamic ATA Guidelines would allow for these and future recommendations to be implemented in real time.
E-029 Rate and predictors of intracranial aneurysm complete occlusion after endovascular embolization with SMART coils

Background/Objective Although endovascular coiling with SMART coils has been proven to be safe and effective. The rate and predictors of complete occlusion are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of complete occlusion with endovascular coiling using SMART coils. Methods A resorptive analysis of all patients treated with SMART coils at 20 endovascular capable centers. The primary outcome of this study was complete occlusion at the end of procedure defined as Raymond class I. Predictors of complete occlusion were identified using stepwise regression analysis. Results A total of 907 patients were included in the study of whom 363 (40%) achieved complete occlusion at the end of procedure. History of smoking, location of occlusion, packing density, aneurysm size, wide neck aneurysm, neck size (≥4 vs. Conclusion This study identified the rate and predictors of complete occlusion using SMART coils. Disclosures M. Anadani: None. M. Sattur: None. E. Almallouhi: None. S. Al Kasab: None. A. Spiotta: None.
Visually Tracking Acid–Base Extractions Using Colorful Compounds

Acid–base extraction is an important concept in organic chemistry that beginning students often find challenging to comprehend. Herein, we describe the use of a simple demonstration suitable for le...
Primary gallbladder paraganglioma: A case report and review of literature.

Abstract Introduction Paragangliomas are tumors arising from paraganglia of the autonomic nervous system. They are rare tumors and occurrence inside the gallbladder is exceptionally rare. Biliary paragangliomas are thought to be associated with the parasymphathetic fibers and are therefore non-functioning and benign. There are less than 10 cases reported in literature and majority are found incidentally upon cholecystectomy. There is no specific treatment for these tumors and resection is considered sufficient. Case presentation 63 year old female presented with recurrent bliary colic exacerbated by fatty food. She underwent imaging work up that was consistent with biliary dyskinesia. She underwent uneventful elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy and was doing well post-operatively. Pathology report was significant for chronic cholecystitis, no calculi, and a small focus of paraganglioma. Discussion Little is known about primary gallbladder paragangliomas. Due to the non-functioning nature of these tumors there are felt to be benign. We know the paraganglia of the gallbladder consists of both parasymphathetic and sympathetic fibers. The sympathetic paragangliomas tend to act similar to pheochromocytomas and thus have malignant potential. Conclusion We presented a case in which a primary gallbladder paraganglioma was identified incidentally in a patient who presented with symptomatic biliary dyskinesia. Due to the rarity of primary gallbladder paraganglioma and limited reported cases, optimal follow up remains unknown.
A new reference line for coronal head CT to align with MRI: development of a standardised approach.

Background and purposeThere are great variations in how different technologists create the different imaging planes that can make a precise comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance ...
Case 33. Primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8-positive T-cell lymphoma with initial protracted course

CD8 marker is not unique to primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma (pc CD8+ AECTCL). Moreover, it occurs in seven other entities presented in the following table. There is a certain clinical and morphological overlap of γδ-positive and CD8-positive cases. Due to various aberrant expression of CD56, TCRγ, and CD8 markers, it was suggested that the term “primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma” without specification may be better suited for those lymphomas. There is a range of CD8+ pseudolymphomas and CD8+ non-lymphomatous proliferations should be kept on a list of differential diagnosis such as actinic reticuloid, CD8+ drug-associated eruptions, and HIV-associated CD8+ LPD.
A Multilateral Investment Facilitation Agreement Can Help Advance Development

The article briefly outlines the status of the negotiations of a WTO Investment Facilitation Framework for Development and discusses how its development dimension can be strengthened.
DuruCalculations and the Understanding of Mancala Expertise

Duruor rounds are a central aspect of calculating moves in a group of mancala games. It is shown that the ability to calculate multiple duru is a prerequisite to mancala (bao) expertise in Zanzibar, while duru-related optimization strategies explain the accomplishments of Maldivian mancala (ohvalhu) players. Since bao masters define duru calculation skills as part of bao expertise, their performance on duru calculation tasks is contrasted with that of novice players. The results show that only game-specific duru calculation skills distinguish novices from master players. Maldivian players of ohvalhu solved their mancala game by identifying a winning opening. Their optimization strategy includes a minimization of the number of duru for a move choice. Duru calculations have a central role in our understanding of mancala expertise and both game-specific and general aspects of duru inform us about problem-solving and decision-making processes of mancala experts.
An Ultrasonic Testing Technique for Monitoring the Cure and Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Materials

Large space booster solid rocket motors (SRMs) contain composite propellant materials based on either a hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) or the terpolymer of butadiene, acrylic acid, and acrylonitrile (PBAN) polymer matrix. Mechanical tests have revealed significant batch-to-batch variances and age related changes in the propellant modulil probably due to continued crosslinking of the system. This paper documents a work in progress directed toward testing the feasibility of using ultrasonic measurements of the propellant mechanical properties to monitor the condition and the degree of cure of the propellant. If the ultrasonic shear and longitudinal velocities, cS and cL, and the density, p, of the propellant are known, the Young’s modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, and Poisson’s ratio, E, μ, K and σ, respectively, can be calculated via the familiar relations $$E = \frac{{\rho c_{L}^{2}(1 - 2\sigma )(1 + \sigma )}}{{1 - \sigma }}, \mu = \rho c_{s}^{2}, K = \frac{E}{{3(1 - 2\sigma )}}and \sigma = \frac{{c_{L}^{2} - 2c_{S}^{2}}}{{2c_{L}^{2} - 2c_{S}^{2}}}$$ (1)
More on the progenitors of white dwarfs.

A study of a complete sample of 22 very hot subdwarf O stars indicates that the main evolutionary channel to the white dwarf state is represented by the central stars of planetary nebulae detected in surveys for planetary nebulae, and that all other channels combined provide only about 0.2 times as many white dwarfs as the main channel.
General properties of group propagation in a magnetoplasma

The treatment of oscillatory electric current in a magnetoplasma presented in the previous chapter is applicable to oscillatory current associated with a wave in the plasma. However, for an electromagnetic wave in a magnetoplasma, it is usually more convenient to use dielectric terminology. We then express ourselves, not in terms of the current density J, but in terms of the free electric moment per unit volume P f . The relation between J and P f is, according to Equation (2.7), J = ∂P f /∂t
Radiation Therapy, Intensity Modulated

In the past 10 years, a new methodology for delivering radiation to cancer patients has evolved. This process is known as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and has become a dominant treatment scheme. The purpose of this article is to discuss the distinctive features of IMRT, including its relationship to the process of computed tomography (CT) in diagnostic radiology. Since the dose patterns delivered consists of non-uniform radiation patterns, the process requires special modulators operating under computer control. Both types of modulators are discussed in detail as well as the different processes that can be used to achieve the desired intensity map. As proof of the wide acceptance of the IMRT scheme in radiation therapy, a new delivery system has evolved that is designed to treat any target in the body with IMRT by using a helical delivery system that delivers therapy radiation doses. This machine has a waveguide mounted on a diagnostic CT scanner ring, has the appearance of a diagnostic scanner, and is discussed in some detail. Finally, creation of the non-uniform radiation fields is facilitated by the use of computers using optimization algorithms. There are different approaches and these are discussed. Keywords: intensity modulated radiation therapy; IMRT; tomotherapy; static MLC; dynamic MLC
Proterozoic metamorphism and uplift history of the north-central Laramie Mountains, Wyoming, USA

The Laramie Mountains of south-eastern Wyoming contain two metamorphic domains that are separated by the 1.76 Ga. Laramie Peak shear zone (LPSZ). South of the LPSZ lies the Palmer Canyon block, where apatite U–Pb ages are c. 1745 Ma and the rocks have undergone Proterozoic kyanite-grade Barrovian metamorphism. In contrast, in the Laramie Peak block, north of the shear zone, the U–Pb apatite ages are 2.4–2.1 Ga, the granitic rocks are unmetamorphosed and supracrustal rocks record only low-T amphibolite facies metamorphism that is Archean in age. Peak mineral assemblages in the Palmer Canyon block include (a) quartz–biotite–plagioclase–garnet–staurolite–kyanite in the pelitic schists; (b) quartz–biotite–plagioclase–low-Ca amphiboles–kyanite in Mg–Al-rich schists, and locally (c) hornblende–plagioclase–garnet in amphibolites. All rock types show abundant textural evidence of decompression and retrograde re-equilibration. Notable among the texturally late minerals are cordierite and sapphirine, which occur in coronas around kyanite in Mg–Al-rich schists. Thermobarometry from texturally early and late assemblages for samples from different areas within the Palmer Canyon block define decompression from >7 kbar to <3 kbar. The high-pressure regional metamorphism is interpreted to be a response to thrusting associated with the Medicine Bow orogeny at c. 1.78–1.76 Ga. At this time, the north-central Laramie Range was tectonically thickened by as much as 12 km. This crustal thickening extended for more than 60 km north of the Cheyenne belt in southern Wyoming. Late in the orogenic cycle, rocks of the Palmer Canyon block were uplifted and unroofed as the result of transpression along the Laramie Peak shear zone to produce the widespread decompression textures. The Proterozoic tectonic history of the central Laramie Range is similar to exhumation that accompanied late-orogenic oblique convergence in many Phanerozoic orogenic belts.
Identifying the ionically bound cell wall and intracellular glycoside hydrolases in late growth stage Arabidopsis stems: Implications for the genetic engineering of bioenergy crops

Identifying the cell wall-ionically bound glycoside hydrolases (GHs) in Arabidopsis stems is important for understanding the regulation of cell wall integrity. For cell wall proteomics studies, the preparation of clean cell wall fractions is a challenge since cell walls constitute an open compartment, which is more likely to contain a mixture of intracellular and extracellular proteins due to cell leakage at the late growth stage. Here, we utilize a CaCl2-extraction procedure to isolate non-structural proteins from Arabidopsis whole stems, followed by the in-solution and in-gel digestion methods coupled with Nano-LC-MS/MS, bioinformatics and literature analyses. This has led to the identification of 75 proteins identified using the in-solution method and 236 proteins identified by the in-gel method, among which about 10% of proteins predicted to be secreted. Together, eight cell wall proteins, namely AT1G75040, AT5G26000, AT3G57260, AT4G21650, AT3G52960, AT3G49120, AT5G49360 and AT3G14067, were identified by the in-solution method; among them, three were the GHs (AT5G26000, myrosinase 1, GH1; AT3G57260, β-1,3-glucanase 2, GH17; AT5G49360, bifunctional XYL 1/α-L-arabinofuranosidase, GH3). Moreover, four more GHs: AT4G30270 (xyloglucan endotransferase, GH16), AT1G68560 (bifunctional α-l-arabinofuranosidase/XYL, GH31), AT1G12240 (invertase, GH32) and AT2G28470 (β-galactosidase 8, GH35), were identified by the in-gel solution method only. Notably, more than half of above identified GHs are xylan- or hemicellulose-modifying enzymes, and will likely have an impact on cellulose accessibility, which is a critical factor for downstream enzymatic hydrolysis of plant tissues for biofuels production. The implications of these cell wall proteins identified at the late growth stage for the genetic engineering of bioenergy crops are discussed.
Optimality guarantees for distributed statistical estimation

Large data sets often require performing distributed statistical estimation, with a full data set split across multiple machines and limited communication between machines. To study such scenarios, we define and study some refinements of the classical minimax risk that apply to distributed settings, comparing to the performance of estimators with access to the entire data. Lower bounds on these quantities provide a precise characterization of the minimum amount of communication required to achieve the centralized minimax risk. We study two classes of distributed protocols: one in which machines send messages independently over channels without feedback, and a second allowing for interactive communication, in which a central server broadcasts the messages from a given machine to all other machines. We establish lower bounds for a variety of problems, including location estimation in several families and parameter estimation in different types of regression models. Our results include a novel class of quantitative data-processing inequalities used to characterize the effects of limited communication.