cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An implementation of ICME in materials information exchanging interfaces

Abstract The Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) approach provides a new paradigm for improving the performance of existing materials or discovering and developing new materials. It focuses on developing effective connections between isolated engineering fields, to bring quantitative processing-structure-property relationships and abundant validated data that populate the knowledge base for accelerating the research of new materials while reducing the cost of development. The data exchanging interfaces play a key role in building such ICME connections among different materials models, simulation tools and individual organizations. With implementations of information exchanging interface between different materials database, and interface between database and applications, this article concludes that in building effective ICME applications, 1) standards-compliant interface can improve the exchange efficiency; 2) popular web service enables automated online materials data transfer; 3) customized data interoperation scripts can provide flexibility and productivity.
Iron status at opposite ends of the menstrual function spectrum

Abstract Objectives Although exercising women are at high risk of poor iron status, it is unknown how non-pathological, physiological menstrual function affects iron status. As such, this study investigates the association between menstrual function and iron status in exercising women with amenorrhea and exercising women with ovulatory, eumenorrheic menstrual cycles. Design Cross-sectional analysis of iron depletion prevalence, iron status indices, exercise parameters, and diet composition. Methods Women aged 18–35 years performing at least 2 h per week of aerobic exercise were recruited. Women with amenorrhea (AMEN) were defined by the absence of menses for at least 90 days or less than 6 menses in the past 12 months (n = 82). Women with ovulatory, eumenorrheic menstrual cycles (OvEU) were defined by the presence of ovulatory cycles of 26-35 days in length for the past 6 months (n = 109). Group differences in serum ferritin (Ft), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), total body iron (TBI), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), iron depletion prevalence (Ft Results The prevalence of iron depletion was greater in OvEU when compared to AMEN (26% vs. 15%, p = 0.04). No significant differences were observed between AMEN and OvEU in Ft (30.2 ± 2.2 vs. 24.9 ± 2.6 μg/L; p = 0.62), sTfR (5.2 ± 1.4 vs. 4.9 ± 1.5 mg/L; p = 0.95), TBI (5.3 ± 2.7 vs. 4.8 ± 3.7 mg/kg; p = 0.42), Hb (13.2 ± 0.4 vs. 13.4 ± 0.6 g/dL; p = 0.80), Hct (39.5 ± 0.8% vs. 39.8 ± 4.1%; p = 0.93), or exercise parameters. AMEN consumed more vitamin C than OvEU (269 ± 180 vs. 129 ± 141 mg/day, p Conclusion Exercising women with ovulatory, eumenorrheic cycles are at a greater risk of iron depletion than exercising, amenorrheic women. Thus, menstrual function must be considered when screening for poor iron status in exercising women.
Effect of repeated cycles of steam sterilization on the integrity of cannulated surgical screws.

Abstract The process of repeated handling and steam sterilization of bone screws and allows debris to deposit on the surface and inside cannulated screws. Individually packaged screws could alleviate these potential problems. This research intended to evaluate the effect that multiple cycles of sterilization may have, if any, on the mechanical integrity of cannulated screws. The results indicate that the mechanical integrity of the screws tested was not compromised.
Case Study of an ACM Celebration in Indiana

In 2004, organizers in Indiana held the first ACM (Association for Computing Machinery [2]) regional conference for women in computing. ACM-W (ACM’s Council on Women in Computing [3]) refers to the conferences as Celebrations, and the Indiana Celebration – called InWIC (Indiana Celebration of Women in Computing) [8] – spawned almost 30 world-wide Celebrations in academic year 2018–2019. This paper presents data collected from attendees of InWIC 2014, InWIC 2015, and InWic 2016. Accompanying analyses of these data comprise the first published multi-year study of a single Celebration.
Robustness Through Simplicity: A Minimalist Gateway to Neurorobotic Flight.

In attempting to build neurorobotic systems based on flying animals, engineers have come to rely on existing firmware and simulation tools designed for miniature aerial vehicles (MAVs). Although they provide a valuable platform for the collection of data for Deep Learning and related AI approaches, such tools are deliberately designed to be general (supporting air, ground, and water vehicles) and feature-rich. The sheer amount of code required to support such broad capabilities can make it a daunting task to adapt these tools to building neurorobotic systems for flight. In this paper we present a complementary pair of simple, object-oriented software tools (multirotor flight-control firmware and simulation platform), each consisting of a core of a few thousand lines lines of C++ code, that we offer as a candidate solution to this challenge. By providing a minimalist application programming interface (API) for sensors and PID controllers, our software tools make it relatively painless to for engineers to prototype neuromorphic approaches to MAV sensing and navigation. We conclude our discussion by presenting a simple PID controller we built using the popular Nengo neural simulator in conjunction with our flight-simulation platform.
10 – Hybrid silicon lasers

: Silicon (Si) lasers have long been a goal for semiconductor scientists. A number of important breakthroughs in the past decade have focused attention on Si as a photonic platform. We first briefly study the fundamentals of carrier transition physics in crystalline Si, followed by the most recent progress in the fields of achieving lasing in Si or materials monolithically grown on Si. The hybrid Si platform, a novel III-V-on-Si hybrid integration approach, and the basics of hybrid lasers are then discussed in detail. Advanced hybrid Si lasers based on grating components and ring resonators are reviewed. Several demonstrated photonic integrated circuits on this hybrid Si platform are discussed, showing future possibilities for hybrid Si lasers to be high-performance light sources for Si photonics.
Improving Intranasal Naloxone Prescribing Through EMR Modification and Automation.

Background In 2017, approximately 11.4 million Americans used opioids inappropriately. Nearly 47,600 deaths in 2017 were attributable to overdose on opioids. Intranasal naloxone was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2015 as a rescue medication for opioid overdose. New York State launched a prescription drug monitoring program in 2012, the Internet System for Tracking Over-Prescribing (I-STOP), that required completion before dispensing any controlled substance. Currently, prescribing naloxone at our institution requires 10 clicks and 2 free text boxes. The goal of this project was to increase the prescribing of intranasal naloxone by utilizing EMR automation and visualization tools. Methods Our intervention embedded a section within the required I-STOP note, displaying the last date naloxone was prescribed and an option to "prescribe intranasal naloxone." If checked, a prepopulated order dialog box was generated. Results Intranasal naloxone orders for the institution totaled 65 for 2 months before the intervention and 203 for 2 months after the intervention, with 112 (55%) coming directly from the I-STOP note modification. Ease of prescribing improved as total clicks were reduced from 10 to 2, and free text boxes from 2 to 0. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a clinical decision support system can be an effective way to increase hospital-wide naloxone prescribing rates. We were able to increase prescribing rates by more than three-fold, significantly increasing the availability of a rescue medication to individuals at high-risk for overdose. Intranasal naloxone prescribing increased with the implementation of a visual reminder and a more intuitive ordering experience while preserving provider autonomy.
Electronic cigarette and moist snuff product characteristics independently associated with youth tobacco product perceptions.

Author(s): Chaffee, Benjamin W; Couch, Elizabeth T; Urata, Janelle; Cash, David; Werts, Miranda; Halpern-Felsher, Bonnie | Abstract: IntroductionTobacco product characteristics convey product attributes to potential users. This study aimed to assess independent contributions of specific e-cigarette and smokeless tobacco product characteristics to adolescents' perceptions about these products.MethodsIn 2019-2020, students (N=1003) attending a convenience sample of 7 high schools in California (USA) were individually randomized to one of two discrete choice experiments, featuring either electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or moist snuff. Participants were presented like-product pairs of randomlygenerated hypothetical tobacco products differing in device type, flavor, vapor cloud, and nicotine amount (for e-cigarettes) or differing in brand, flavor, cut, and price (for moist snuff). Within pairs, participants were asked about which product they were more curious, was more dangerous, would give a greater 'buzz,' and would be easier to use. Conditional logistic regression was used to quantify independent associations of product characteristics to participants' choices.ResultsEach e-cigarette and moist snuff characteristic was independently associated with multiple product perceptions. All non-tobacco flavors were associated with more curiosity and perceived ease-of-use but lower perceived danger. Tank and pod-type e-cigarettes were viewed as easier to use and garnered more curiosity than 'cigalike' or 'drip-mod' devices. Smaller vapor cloud e-cigarettes and lower-price moist snuff were viewed as less dangerous, less buzz-inducing, and easier to use. Product ever users held stronger perceptions than never users about device type (e-cigarettes) and brands (moist snuff), while product naive participants more strongly associated flavor with danger and buzz.ConclusionsTobacco product characteristics convey product attributes to adolescents that may increase appeal. Restricting specific characteristics, including flavors, could reduce positive perceptions of these products among youth.
Endogenous adenosine inhibits catecholamine contractile responses in normoxic hearts

The importance of endogenous myocardial adenosine in attenuating catecholamine-elicited contractile responses was investigated in perfused oxygenated rat hearts. Perfusion of the isolated hearts with adenosine deaminase potentiated the isoproterenol-induced increases of three contractile variables (left ventricular pressure development and rates of both left ventricular pressure development and relaxation). The peak (maximal, within 30 s) and maintained (after 1 min) increases of the contractile variables caused by 10(-8) M isoproterenol were enhanced by 15-22 and 31-43%, respectively. Adenosine deaminase appeared in epicardial surface transudates of similarly perfused hearts, indicating that the enzyme had entered the myocardial interstitial space. Isoproterenol alone elevated the release of adenosine into coronary effluents of isoproterenol-stimulated hearts, and adenosine deaminase prevented the release of the nucleoside. The higher the level of adenosine in the effluent, the greater the reduction of the peak contractile variables. Phenylisopropyladenosine at 10(-8) M prevented the adenosine deaminase potentiation of 10(-9) M isoproterenol-induced contractile responses. The adenosine analogue at 10(-6) M blocked completely the isoproterenol-produced increases in the contractile variables. These results suggest that endogenous adenosine prevents full mechanical responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation in the oxygenated myocardium. In addition, the findings support the notion that adenosine serves as an important negative feedback modulator in the oxygenated heart.
The impact of intravenous acetaminophen pricing on opioid utilization and outcomes for children with appendicitis.

Abstract Background In 2014, the price of intravenous acetaminophen more than doubled. This study determined whether increased intravenous acetaminophen cost was associated with decreased utilization and increased opioid use for children undergoing appendectomy. Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System database between 2011 and 2017 was performed. Healthy children 2 to 18 years undergoing appendectomy at 46 children’s hospitals in the United States were identified. Intravenous acetaminophen use, opioid use, and pharmacy costs were assessed. Multivariable mixed-effects modeling was used to determine the association between postoperative opioid use, intravenous acetaminophen use, and postoperative length-of-stay. Results Overall, 110,019 children undergoing appendectomy were identified, with 22.5% (N = 24,777) receiving intravenous acetaminophen. Despite the 2014 price increase, intravenous acetaminophen use increased from 3% in 2011 to 40.1% in 2017 (P Conclusion In children undergoing appendectomy, intravenous acetaminophen use continued to rise, but at a slower rate after a price increase. Furthermore, adjusted pharmacy charges were lower for children receiving intravenous acetaminophen, possibly secondary to a concurrent decrease in postoperative opioid use. These findings suggest intravenous acetaminophen may be more broadly used regardless of perceived costs to minimize opioid use after surgery.
On Ritual and Legislation

Confucian thinkers have traditionally stressed the importance of li 禮, or “ritual” as it is commonly translated, and believed that ancient sages had established an ideal set of rituals for people to follow. Now, most scholars of Confucianism understand li as distinct from law, and hence do not typically discuss Confucian sages as great lawgivers. Nevertheless, I suggest that there is something valuable to be learned from considering the similarities and dissimilarities between great lawgivers and the sages. In particular, this essay reviews some of the challenges for, and virtues of, great legislators, and compares and contrasts these with the challenges for, and virtues of, master inventors of ritual, with the aim of showing how such observations might deepen our understanding of the conception of sages in the Confucian tradition, while perhaps also bringing out certain insights about good lawgivers. I end by using these reflections to point to some challenges for developing rituals to fit our modern context.
Recreation and Realization: Reported Motivations of Use Among Persons Who Consume Psychedelics in Non-Clinical Settings

Psychedelic research is said to be going through a renaissance with widespread public and political attention on psychedelics’ ability to clinically resolve various medicalized issues. The prevailing cultural narrative of psychedelics almost touts it as a panacea when used in regulated, clinical settings under the supervision of a trained guide. While clinical studies are certainly informative, it is important to recognize that most psychedelic use takes place in social settings, not clinical ones. This paper seeks to expand the narrative on psychedelic research by presenting in-depth interview data on a diverse sample of 30 persons who report using psychedelic substances “on their own terms.” Data indicate multiple reasons for initial and subsequent psychedelic use, only some of which comport with the prevailing narrative that psychedelic use decreases ego-inflated pathology while increasing existential awareness. Indeed, while these reasons are cited among some when discussing reasons for continued use, most interviewees report motivations related to curiosity and having fun.
Improving Learning Experience of People with Cognitive Disabilities Using Serious Games: A Review

Serious games have grown as one of the alternative means to assist people with cognitive and learning disabilities. They have been found to have a positive influence on these people and to help them improve their social skills. They offer them a stress-free environment that assists them in working on their skills at their own pace. Studies have shown that no one game is fit for all kinds of disabilities. Instead, these games must be tailored according to the specific needs of the disability. This paper discusses some of the prevalent serious games and the frameworks that can be used while designing them. Serious games need to be made broadly accessible for people in developing countries to increase their efficacy. Using serious games has helped the disabled to overcome their anxiety, as well as help them in coping with their disability, and its effectiveness to do so is also proven in some studies.
Sweet Potato Cultivar Trial

Sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, is a warmseason vegetable crop that is widely grown throughout the world. In the United States, commercial production is mainly in the southern states. Many parts of the plant are edible, including leaves, roots, and vines. Tender leaves are a delicacy in a number of Asian and Southeast Asian countries.
Complex Systems and the Evolution of Artificial Life and Intelligence

The algorithmic mechanization of thinking with program-controlled computers has some severe obstacles which cannot be overcome by growing computational capacities. For example, pattern recognition, the coordination of movements, and other complex tasks of human learning cannot be mastered by Turing-like computer programs. Artificial neural networks realize the principles of complex dynamical systems. They are inspired by the successful technical applications of nonlinear dynamics to solid-state physics, spin-glass physics, chemical parallel computers, optical parallel computers, laser systems, and the human brain (Sect. 6.1).
Tribal Territory, Sovereignty, and Governance: A Study of the Cheyenne River and Lake Traverse Indian Reservations

The author explores how tribal governments have worked through the constraints of their eroded territory and sovereignty to provide effective leadership and governance.
Residual stress in electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel-tungsten coatings

Characterizing the residual stress of thick nanocrystalline electrodeposits poses several unique challenges due to their fine grain structure, thickness distribution, and matte surface. We use a three-dimensional profilometry-based approach that addresses each of these complicating factors and enables quantitative analysis of residual stress with reasonable accuracy. The specific emphasis of this work is on thick (10–100 μm), nanocrystalline Ni-W electrodeposits of the finest grain sizes (4–63 nm), in which residual stresses arise during the deposition process as well as during postdeposition annealing. The present measurements offer quantitative insight into the mechanisms of stress development and evolution in these alloys, suggesting that the grain boundary structure is out of equilibrium (unrelaxed) and contains the excess free volume that controls the resulting residual stress levels in these films. There are apparently two factors contributing to this stress: the percentage of excess free volume contained in the grain boundaries, which is affected by the processing conditions, and the total volume fraction of grain boundaries, which is controlled by the grain size.
Mechanism of action of thrombin on fibrinogen: The reaction of thrombin with fibrinogen-like peptides containing 11, 14, and 16 residues

Abstract The following peptides were synthesized by classical methods in solution: Ac-Gly-Gly- Val-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg-Val-Val-Glu-Arg-NHCH3 (A), Ac-Ala-Glu-Gly-Gly-Gly-Val- Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg-Val-Val-Glu-Arg-NHCH3 (B), and Ac-Phe-Leu-Ala-Glu-Gly-Gly- Gly-Val-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg-Val-Val-Glu-Arg-NHCH3 (C). The rates of hydrolysis of the Arg-Gly bond of these three peptides by thrombin were measured, and the values of k cat K m were found to be 0.05 × 10−7 (A), 0.02 × 10−7 (B), and 1.6 × 10−7 (C) [(NIH units/ liter)s]−1. The value of k cat K m for peptide C is less than 1% of that for fibrinogen [although the value of kcat itself, for peptide C (but not for A or B), is comparable to that for fibrinogen]. These results indicate that phenylanine and leucine at positions P9 and P8, respectively, play a key role in the reaction of thrombin with fibrinogen. The data also show that factors outside of the 16 residues of peptide C are important in determining the rate of hydrolysis of fibrogen by thrombin.
BACKUS-GILBERT THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION TO RETRIEVAL OF OZONE AND TEMPERATURE PROFILES

The inversion method provides a quantitative evaluation of the trade-off between vertical resolution of a retrieved profile and formal root-mean-square (rms) error due to measurement noise propagation. The problem of retrieving the top-side ozone profile from backscattered ultraviolet (BUV) measurements is considered. For measurements of the type currently being obtained with the Nimbus 4 and AE-E BUV experiments, it is found that a vertical resolution of approximately 0.75 scale height can be achieved for a formal volume mixing ratio profile error of 10%. Other examples include treatments of the retrieval of temperature profiles from measurements in the 15 micron CO2 absorption band for both the terrestrial and Martian atmospheres. Finally, the method is applied to the problem of retrieving temperature profiles of the Jovian planets from measurements in the far infrared pressure induced H2 lines to be obtained from the Mariner Jupiter/Saturn fly-by missions.
Minimum Effective Dose (MinED)

The minimum effective dose (MinED or MED) defines a lower bound for therapeutically useful doses. The MinED is important because most drugs have increasing potential for safety problems as dose is increased. The MinED is typically studied during phase II of drug development. A concise definition of the MinED from the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines is “the smallest dose with a discernible useful effect.” We discuss methods to give operational meaning to the descriptors “useful” and “discernible.” Keywords: MinED; Minimum clinically important difference (MCID); MaxED; dose response; multiple comparison; family-wide error rate (FWER)
Markedness and the Development of Prosodic Structure

It has long been noted that children’s early words are truncated in form, and that those forms show a certain degree of variability in shape. In this paper I argue that children’s early word productions can best be understood in terms of output constraints on surface form. First, I show that children’s early grammars allow for the emergence of the unmarked form of syllables (Core Syllables) and prosodic words (Minimal Words), and that these can be thought of as different stages of prosodic development. I then demonstrate how the prosodic development of children’s early words can be naturally accounted for in terms of prosodic
Coherent gain through a frequency domain adaptive LMS algorithm

Signal processing to achieve gain is an important area for detection, localization, and classification purposes. Classical techniques include DFT as one of the best means to achieve coherent gain. Various long term time integration methods usually follow to provide extra non-coherent gain to avoid over-resolving the signal. An alternative method investigated here is to use an adaptive algorithm to track the signal in successive DFT's so that further coherent integration can be performed. The tracking part of this new algorithm is simular to Widrow's LMS algorithm (B. Widrow et al., Proc. of IEEE, Vol. 63, p. 1692-1716, Dec. 1975.) Characteristics of the new algorithm will be compared with other conventional techniques based on simulation results.
Isolation and characterization of lipophorin from the hemolymph of diapausing larvae of the southwestern corn borer,Diatraea grandiosella

1. Lipophorin was isolated from the hemolymph of diapausing larvae of the southwestern corn borer,Diatraea grandiosella, and shown to have a density of 1:11 g/ml and a molecular weight of 520,000. 2. The holoprotein was comprised of apolipoprotein-I (Mr=231,000) and apolipoprotein-II (Mr=74,000), and contained about 38% lipid (28% neutral lipids, 10% polar lipids), and 3% carbohydrate. 3. The major neutral lipids present were diacylglycerol and sterol, while the major polar lipids present were phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and sphingomyelin. Carotenoids were also present. 4. Apolipophorin-I and apolipophorin-II were immunochemically distinct. The holoprotein was immunochemically identical to a protein present in the larval hemolymph of two other species ofDiatraea. 5. A mean concentration of 5 mg lipophorin/ml hemolymph was determined using rocket immunoelectrophoresis.
Analysis of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures Desorbed from Particulate Matter in a Low-Temperature Matrix by Shpol'skii Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy

A simple approach for analyzing mixtures of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) desorbed from particulate matter that does not involve any separations was studied with the use of anthracene, pyrene, and fluoranthene as model compounds. PAH absorbed on alumina was vaporized at elevated temperature in a sample cell and mixed with vapor-phase n-hexane in a stream of helium carrier gas. This gaseous mixture flowed through a nozzle into a vacuum chamber and was condensed onto a cold finger at 77 K to form a Shpol'skii matrix. In the time-resolved fluorescence emission spectra obtained for this low-temperature matrix, selectivity is improved relative to room-temperature studies. If the excitation wavelength of the source is changed, the identification of PAH in mixtures was further improved. The detection limits were less than 10 ng for pyrene and anthracene and 100 ng for fluoranthene, with 337.1-nm excitation.
Folding of Toll-like receptors by the HSP90 paralogue gp96 requires a substrate-specific cochaperone

Cytosolic HSP90 requires multiple cochaperones in folding client proteins. However, the function of gp96 (HSP90b1, grp94), an HSP90 paralogue in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is believed to be independent of cochaperones. Here, we demonstrate that gp96 chaperones multiple Toll-like receptors (TLRs), but not TLR3, in a manner that is dependent on another ER luminal protein, CNPY3. gp96 directly interacts with CNPY3, and the complex dissociates in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Genetic disruption of gp96–CNPY3 interaction completely abolishes their TLR chaperone function. Moreover, we demonstrate that TLR9 forms a multimolecular complex with gp96 and CNPY3, and the binding of TLR9 to either molecule requires the presence of the other. We suggest that CNPY3 interacts with the ATP-sensitive conformation of gp96 to promote substrate loading. Our study has thus established CNPY3 as a TLR-specific cochaperone for gp96.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis Due to Topical Application of Corticosteroids: Review and Clinical Implications

Allergy due to topically applied corticosteroids is being recognized more frequently. Testing for hypersensitivity to these agents is performed with delayed hypersensitivity patch testing. Cross-reactivity among topically administered corticosteroids is frequent and often can be predicted on the basis of additional patch testing and an established classification scheme. Herein we review allergy due to topically applied corticosteroids with regard to its prevalence, means of testing, cross-reactivity among the subclasses, risk factors, and relationship to steroids.
Protein L-Isoaspartyl Methyltransferase Catalyzes in Vivo Racemization of Aspartate-25 in Mammalian Histone H2B

Abstract Protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) has been implicated in the repair or metabolism of proteins containing atypical l-isoaspartyl peptide bonds. The repair hypothesis is supported by previous studies demonstrating in vitro repair of isoaspartyl peptides via formation of a succinimide intermediate. Utilization of this mechanism in vivo predicts that PIMT modification sites should exhibit significant racemization as a side reaction to the main repair pathway. We therefore studied the d/l ratio of aspartic acid at specific sites in histone H2B, a known target of PIMT in vivo. Using H2B from canine brain, we found that Asp25 (the major PIMT target site in H2B) was significantly racemized, exhibiting d/l ratios as high as 0.12, whereas Asp51, a comparison site, exhibited negligible racemization (d/l ≤ 0.01). Racemization of Asp25 was independent of animal age over the range of 2–15 years. Using H2B from 2–3-week mouse brain, we found a similar d/l ratio (0.14) at Asp25 in wild type mice, but substantially less racemization (d/l = 0.035) at Asp25 in PIMT-deficient mice. These findings suggest that PIMT functions in the repair, rather than the metabolic turnover, of isoaspartyl proteins in vivo. Because PIMT has numerous substrates in cells, these findings also suggest that d-aspartate may be more common in cellular proteins than hitherto imagined and that its occurrence, in some proteins at least, is independent of animal age.
Surgical approaches to tumors of the lateral ventricle

Lateral ventricular tumors are rare lesions of the central nervous system, and because most tumors are benign or low grade, permanent cure can be achieved with complete removal. After adequate preoperative imaging discloses a lateral ventricular mass, the neurosurgeon has several options to choose from when determining the ideal surgical approach to the tumor. The surgical approach cannot be standardized, because the specific location, size, and vascularization of these deep-seated tumors are fundamental elements influencing the choice of surgical approach. Although access to the lateral ventricles may require additional preoperative considerations and planning, the combination of proper knowledge of the cortical and intraventricular anatomy with the familiarity and selection of an appropriate surgical approach will optimize the surgical outcome.
Buckling of cantilever cylindrical shell with a transverse end load.

Buckling of cantilever cylindrical shell with transverse end load inducing shear stresses and bending stresses in middle surfaces
Sister chromatid exchange in murine alveolar macrophages, regenerating liver and bone marrow cells -- a simultaneous multicellular in vivo assay.

Differential labeling of sister chromatids was achieved simultaneously in murine alveolar macrophages, regenerating liver, and bone marrow cells of partially hepatectomized mice as well as in alveolar macrophages and bone marrow cells of nonhepatectomized mice. The mean frequency of SCE/cell ±S.D. and the percentage of second division cells for each cell type were determined. No significant differences in mean frequencies of SCE/cell were observed among the cell types or between hepatectomized (alveolar macrophages −3.6±2.2, bone marrow −3.4±2.2; regenerating liver −3.6±2.4) and nonhepatectomized (alveolar macrophages —3.4 ±1.9; bone marrow —2.9±1.8). Although the percentage of second division cells was dependent upon cell type, no significant differences were apparent between hepatectomized (alveolar macrophages —57±8%; bone marrow —37±6%; regenerating liver −65±6%) and nonhepatectomized mice (alveolar macrophages −53±6%; bone marrow −36±4%). Comparisons between BrdU treated and nontreated nonhepatectomized mice revealed no significant alteration in mitotic yields.
Effect of background color and low temperature on skin color and circulating α-MSH in two species of leopard frog

Abstract Circulating levels of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in two species of leopard frog, Rana pipiens and R. chiricahuensis , were measured by radioimmunoassay to reveal the correlation between skin color change induced by background color and by low temperature. High levels of α-MSH were found in both species of frog on a black background, but R. chiricahuensis had eight times higher levels than R. pipiens. R. chiricahuensis also exhibited the ability to darken its ventral surface, whereas the ventral surface of R. pipiens remained white. Neither skin color nor plasma α-MSH of R. pipiens was affected by cold. Low temperature did, however, darken dorsal and ventral skin of R. chiricahuensis in vivo , which corresponded to increased levels of plasma α-MSH. Dorsal and ventral skin of R. chiricahuensis, in vitro , darken in a dose-dependent manner to α-MSH, but not to cold.
Historical narrative and wisdom. Towards preaching Esther “for such a time as this”.

This article considers the problem of preaching OT historical narrative from the point of view of the depiction of God’s participation in the drama. It suggests that historical narrative in general depicts a God who reveals himself infrequently, that his presence is normally veiled, and that the reader often has more information about God than the characters in the narrative. The discussion then focuses on Esther where God is resolutely veiled, even from the reader, were it not for the inter-textual references which the competent reader of OT historical narrative will discern. The article suggests that biblical wisdom literature, which discerns God’s veiled presence without respect to acts in history, can be employed to profitably preach Esther in a world where God is present, but readers experience him as veiled. The article ends with suggestions for a series of sermons on Esther.
Individual Marital Therapy — Have Reports of your Death been Somewhat Exaggerated?

In this reply to Wells and Giannetti's critique of our earlier reviews of research in family therapy, we demonstrate that the sense of absolute certainty with which they reappraise and dismiss as useless the studies we reviewed on individual marital therapy is unjustified. We also consider the implications of their critique and the conclusions they derive from it for public policy and clinical practice. Though we acknowledge the appropriateness of certain aspects of their critique, we continue to hold to our original position that, for now, there is ample empirical warrant for considering conjoint therapy to be the treatment of choice for marital problems.
Juvenile Hormone Induction of Biting Behavior in Culex Mosquitoes

Juvenile hormone deprivation caused by surgical removal of corpora allata shortly after adult emergence blocked the initiation of biting behavior in Culex. pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus. Reimplantation of corpora allata or injection of a synthetic juvenile hormone (JH-I) corrected the juvenile hormone deficiency and restored biting behavior. Ovariectomy experiments demonstrated that this behavioral effect of juvenile hormone was independent of ovarian involvement.
V CENTERS IN POTASSIUM BROMIDE CRYSTALS

The nature of $V$ centers stable at room temperature in KBr crystals has been investigated by means of preferential bleaching with polarized light. $V$ centers were produced by ionizing radiation, by electrolysis with a pointed anode, or by additive coloration with bromine at high pressure. In pure KBr crystals, the properties of $V$ centers depended on the method of production. Two absorption bands of $〈100〉$-type symmetry were formed at 253 and 278 m\ensuremath{\mu} both by electrolysis and by additive coloration, but no corresponding bands could be found in irradiated crystals. The main product of additive coloration was a broad absorption band extending from the fundamental absorption edge to 320 m\ensuremath{\mu}, appearing in all crystals, pure or doped, which is attributed to bromine molecules. It is suggested that this band forms a large part of the broad absorption band produced by prolonged irradiation of pure crystals, usually referred to as the ${V}_{2}$ and ${V}_{3}$ bands. Furthermore it was shown that the ${V}_{3}$ band is not caused by hydride ions. In KBr doped with alkaline-earth impurities an absorption band which does not depend on the method used to introduce $V$ centers appeared at 262 m\ensuremath{\mu} in KBr(Ca) and KBr(Sr) and at 267 m\ensuremath{\mu} in KBr(Ba). This band has $〈100〉$-type dichroism at 78\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Optical bleaching of this band at room temperature produced two overlapping bands arising from a common center with $〈111〉$-type dichroism at 78\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Possible models of the centers responsible for these bands are discussed.
H. INFLUENZA B IMMUNIZATION OF CHILDREN WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASES

H. flu B vaccine is recommended for children 1.5-6 yrs with sickle cell anemia but the adequacy of their response is unknown. We immunized 55 children age 1.5-5.6 yrs (mean 3.6) with sickle cell syndromes, ss, sc or s-thal using two vaccines alternately, single blind (25 patients PRP; 30 PRP-D). The vaccine groups were similar in age, sickle diagnoses and vaccine-to-post-serum interval (28-57 days, mean 40). Coded pre and post sera were tested by radioimmunoassay for ug/ml of anti-PRP antibody.
Bladder Cancer: Current Management and Opportunities for a Personalized Approach

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder exists as a spectrum of clinical states ranging from non-muscle-invasive to muscle-invasive to advanced/metastatic disease. Each clinical state is associated with a unique tumor biology, prognosis, and approach to treatment. The field of personalized medicine offers the promise to individualize therapeutic decisions in each clinical state with the goal of preventing or delaying progression to more advanced disease states while optimizing quality of life. This review will discuss bladder cancer as a paradigm for the development of personalized cancer medicine, focusing on recent efforts, current challenges, and future opportunities.
The explicit form of the operator connecting the Caneschi-Schwimmer-Veneziano and Witten vertices

Abstract We construct, to all levels, the operator connecting the Caneschi-Schwimmer-Veneziano vertex with the Witten vertex. This gives the explicit conformal transformation linking these two interactions in both their coordinate and ghost sectors.
Drug metabolism by microsomes from extrahepatic organs of rat and rabbit prepared by calcium aggregation

Abstract Microsomes were prepared from liver, lung and kidney of rats and rabbits using a Ca +2 aggregation method. Microsomal protein yield from the lung of both species was higher by this method of preparation as compared with ultracentrifuged samples. Specific activities of rat and rabbit pulmonary p-chloro-N-methylaniline (CMA) demethylase, biphenyl 4-hydroxylase and rat pulmonary TPNH cytochrome c reductase also were decreased. Specific activities of rabbit hepatic TPNH cytochrome c reductase, CMA N-demethylase, UDP-glucuronyltransferase and biphenyl hydroxylase were decreased by calcium aggregation Renal enzyme activities were unchanged by this method of preparation. These data indicate an apparent species and organ difference in microsomal enzyme response to calcium aggregation.
Evaluation of human gestational age by albumin, IgG globulin, and alpha-I-fetoprotein measurements

Serum albumin (Alb) and IgG globulin levels in the developing fetus increase with maturity because of an increasing placental passage from the maternal circulation to the fetus. In contrast, levels of alpha-1-fetoprotein (AFP) decrease with maturity from a maximum serum level at 20 weeks of gestation (mean level > 140.0 mg%) to trace levels (mean 5 mg%) at 40 weeks gestation. These observations permit an estimation of gestational age by measuring levels of cord blood IgG, Alb, and AFP, and when paired maternal IgG and Alb levels are available, by calculating fetal/maternal IgG and Alb ratios. Cord sera (and the matfhed maternal sera) from 55 infants (23 preterm, 32 term) on whom gestational age had been estimated by maternal history and physical examination (Dubowitz criteria, J. Ped. 77:1, 1970) were studied. Gestational age was correlated (p < .001) directly with cord levels of IgG (r = 0.81) and Alb (r = 0.73) and AFP (r –0.76). Using a fetal/maternal IgG and Alb ratio did not result in an improved correlation. Although AFP was detected in all cord sera, AFP was not detected in the maternal circulation, nor in 14 of 15 amniotic fluid samples. Cord IgG and albumin levels best reflect gestational duration while cord AFP levels reflect fetal maturity.
Regulation of Tumor Progression by Extracellular Galectin-3

The relationship between a tumor cell and its microenvironment is bi-directional. The proteins expressed by the tumor cells alter the signatures on the seemingly normal stromal cells within the microenvironment, while the tumor cell signatures reflect the changes that occur as these cells interact with the host microenvironment. Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding protein that is over-expressed in a variety of tumors and immune cells in response to various stimuli. Ever since its discovery, it has been associated with cell and extracellular matrix interactions. However, in the last decade, an extensive accumulation of data has changed the perspective of this multifunctional protein. The unique structure of this protein, consisting of a carbohydrate-binding domain and a matrix metalloproteinase cleavable domain, enables it to interact with a plethora of ligands in a carbohydrate-dependent or independent manner. It is now becoming evident that galectin-3 is involved with a variety of extracellular functions like cell adhesion, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, immune functions, apoptosis and endocytosis. Galectin-3 is a substrate for matrix metalloproteinases and its cleavage plays an important role in tumor progression and can be used as a surrogate diagnostic marker for in vivo MMP activity.
MARKETING/LOGISTICS RELATIONSHIPS: INFLUENCE ON CAPABILITIES AND PERFORMANCE

Effective marketing/logistics relationships can help to create, develop, and maintain critical capabilities to support long-term firm success. Recent research focuses on two distinct capabilities—information capabilities and firm-wide integration. Empirical results are provided confirming the proposed relationship between marketing logistics relationship effectiveness and the two capabilities. Further, the capabilities are shown to positively impact logistics performance.
Remembering and knowing: Electrophysiological distinctions at encoding but not retrieval

Contemporary memory theories often distinguish between contextual recollection and acontextual familiarity as two fundamentally different types of recognition memory. It is currently unclear whether recollection and familiarity are supported by two correspondingly distinct retrieval mechanisms, or whether the same type of retrieval processing supports both phenomena. Electrophysiological findings in humans have widely been cited as support for the former, two-process position, in that late-onset parietal "LPC" potentials have been linked to recollection and earlier frontal "FN400" potentials to familiarity. However, recognition memory is generally studied using conceptually rich stimuli such as words, which leaves open an alternative interpretation that one or both of these electrophysiological signals reflect conceptual processing distinct from recollection and familiarity per se. We tested this hypothesis using conceptually impoverished kaleidoscope images, such that opportunities for conceptual processing were minimized. Recollection-based and familiarity-based recognition in a remember/know paradigm were both indexed by LPC potentials. Old/new amplitude differences were greater for recollection compared to familiarity. Despite ample familiarity-based recognition, FN400 old/new effects were not observed, consistent with the contention that these potentials index conceptual processing rather than familiarity. These results cast doubt on interpretations of prior electrophysiological evidence obtained using conceptually rich stimuli as dissociating neural mechanisms of recollection and familiarity. We also found that neural events during encoding differentially predicted later recollection versus later familiarity. Collectively, these findings suggest that the engagement of distinct encoding processes can preferentially lead to recollection or to familiarity even if one type of retrieval process is responsible for both memory expressions.
Therapeutic effects of the Chinese herbal formula, MSSM-003d, on persistent airway hyperreactivity and airway remodeling

Abstract Rationale We generated a simplified herbal formula, MSSM-003d, containing 3 herbs, derived from a traditional anti-asthma Chinese herbal formula containing14 herbs, MSSM-002. The purpose of this study was to examine whether MSSM-003d could suppress persistent airway hypersensitivity (AHR) and inflammation, and also modulate the features of airway remodeling in a murine model of asthma. Methods BALB/c mice (n=5) sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) were challenged intratracheally with OVA at weeks 2, 3, 4 and 8 following the initial sensitization. Twenty-four hours after the first challenge, mice were treated intragastrically with MSSM-003d for 6 weeks. Two days following the last treatment, AHR and pulmonary inflammation were determined. The effects on airway remodeling were determined by histological analysis of goblet cells and by a quantitative collagen assay. The effects on T/B cells were also determined. Results MSSM-003d abrogated AHR (APTI: 555 ± 192, 220 ± 68, 247 ± 59 in sham, MSSM-003d and naive mice, respectively) and markedly reduced BALF eosinophils compared with the sham-treated mice (17+14% vs 58+5%, p Conclusions MSSM-003d has therapeutic effects on persistent airway hyperreactivity and airway remodeling suggesting a potential use for treating asthma.
DNA duplication and chromosome structure in the dinoflagellates.

Members of theDinopbyceae are characterized by having permanently condensed chromosomes throughout the cell cycle. At interphase the chromosomes appear to have bands perpendicular to the long axis of the chromosome with a periodicity of 127 nm. Each band is composed of 2.5 nm fibers and 9.0 nm granules coiled into a helix around a central core of 9.0 nm fibers. Chromosome uncoiling has been correlated with the uptake of3[H]-thymidine. As chromosomes enter the uncoiling phase of the cell cycle they appear less dense and reveal a number of fibrous extensions. At later stages chromosomes completely uncoil into elongate fibers 127 nm in width. Chromosome unwinding corresponds to the peak in the uptake of3[H]-thymidine. Chromosomes observed on either side of the peak possess the typical interphase banding. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the fine structural details of chromosome uncoiling during a specific phase of the cell cycle. A new model of the Dinoflagellate chromonema has been derived from this study.
High-performance solvent suppression for proton detected solid-state NMR

High-sensitivity proton detected experiments in solid-state NMR have been recently demonstrated in proton diluted proteins as well as fully protonated samples under fast magic-angle spinning. One key element for performing successful proton detection is effective solvent suppression achieved by pulsed field gradients (PFG) and/or saturation pulses. Here we report a high-performance solvent suppression method that attenuates multiple solvent signals simultaneously by more than a factor of 10,000, achieved by an optimized combination of homospoil gradients and supercycled saturation pulses. This method, which we call Multiple Intense Solvent Suppression Intended for Sensitive Spectroscopic Investigation of Protonated Proteins, Instantly (MISSISSIPPI), can be applied without a PFG probe. It opens up new opportunities for two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy of hydrated proteins at natural abundance as well as high-sensitivity and multi-dimensional experimental investigation of protein-solvent interactions.