cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Memory responses by natural killer cells

NK cells are important mediators of immunological defense against pathogens and cancer, owing in part to their ability to directly kill infected and malignant host cells. Although historically considered cells of the innate immune system, a growing body of literature indicates that NK cells have the capacity to mount immune responses with features of immunological memory, including enhanced recall responses that are long-lived and Ag-specific. Anamnestic NK cell responses in mice have now been described in a broad range of immunological settings, including viral and bacterial infections, hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reactions, and alloantigen responses. Memory-like NK cell populations have also been identified in humans, most notably in the context of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Here, an overview of these studies is provided with discussion of the molecular, transcriptional, and epigenetic pathways that regulate adaptive NK cell responses.
Applying Operations Research to Scheduling Work Cells in a Manufacturing Environment

Constant competition in the manufacturing sector forces companies to continually decrease their costs while satisfying customer needs. These companies could be more efficient and achieve better res...
Seeing Bullshit Rhetorically: Human Encounters and Cultural Values

This essay explores the idea that calling bullshit exemplifies Mercier and Sperber”s social intuitionist theory. It discusses a range of empirical research related to bullshit, including belief in the worldviews of Individualist vs. Communitarian and Hierarchical vs. Egalitarian with regard to accepting and rejecting ideas. Calling bullshit fits well with using the heuristics of like/not like and cognitive mechanisms of debunking misinformation.
A Review of percutaneous mechanical support devices and strategies

The technology available to offer acute hemodynamic support to critically ill patients has evolved exponentially in recent years. As our experience grows, and our armamentarium of mechanical therapies expands, devices are becoming increasingly important to providing acute hemodynamic support. This review article will describe approaches to providing acute support and a concise review of the percutaneous mechanical support devices currently available. In an effort to define how and when to use them in acute situations, we will also describe some advantages and disadvantages of each platform, and highlight the primary limitations in defining safety and efficacy.
Evaluation of a recommender system for assisting novice game designers

Game development is a complex task involving multiple disciplines and technologies. Developers and researchers alike have suggested that AI-driven game design assistants may improve developer workflow. We present a recommender system for assisting humans in game design as well as a rigorous human subjects study to validate it. The AI-driven game design assistance system suggests game mechanics to designers based on characteristics of the game being developed. We believe this method can bring creative insights and increase user’s productivity. We conducted quantitative studies that showed the recommender system increases users’ levels of accuracy and computational affect, and decreases their levels of workload.
Exploring factors that influence teachers’ intentions to integrate digital literacy using the decomposed theory of planned behavior

This study explored factors that influence teachers’ intentions to integrate digital literacy into their classrooms based on the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB). Path analysis was used...
Enabling automated herbarium sheet image post-processing using neural network models for color reference chart detection.

Premise Large-scale efforts to digitize herbaria have resulted in more than 18 million publicly available Plantae images on sites such as iDigBio. The automation of image post-processing will lead to time savings in the digitization of biological specimens, as well as improvements in data quality. Here, new and modified neural network methodologies were developed to automatically detect color reference charts (CRC), enabling the future automation of various post-processing tasks. Methods and results We used 1000 herbarium specimen images from 52 herbaria to test our novel neural network model, ColorNet, which was developed to identify CRCs smaller than 4 cm2, resulting in a 30% increase in accuracy over the performance of other state-of-the-art models such as Faster R-CNN. For larger CRCs, we propose modifications to Faster R-CNN to increase inference speed. Conclusions Our proposed neural networks detect a range of CRCs, which may enable the automation of post-processing tasks found in herbarium digitization workflows, such as image orientation or white balance correction.
The borderline feature of negative relationships and the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment between mothers and adolescents

The current study examined the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment in the context of maternal self-reported borderline features (affective instability, negative relationships, identity disturbance, and self-harm/impulsivity) and a maternal borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis. We sampled 41 adolescents of 14 to 18 years of age and their mothers. A total of 19 mothers had a diagnosis of BPD, and 22 mothers were comparisons without the disorder. Results revealed that a maternal diagnosis of BPD was associated with physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse, but not supervisory neglect. Maternal BPD features were associated with emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and physical neglect, but not physical abuse, emotional neglect, or supervisory neglect. Results indicated that families whose mother had BPD experienced more intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment (regardless of perpetrator) between mothers and their adolescent offspring than did offspring of normative comparisons. Further, the borderline feature of negative relationships most strongly predicted transmission to the next generation. Neglect and overall maltreatment transmitted from mother to adolescent, whereas sexual abuse and physical abuse did not. Results are discussed in terms of the cascading impact of maltreatment across generations, particularly in families of mothers with BPD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: Emergency Laparotomy

Emergency laparotomy is a high-risk surgical procedure with a mortality much higher than that of comparable procedures performed electively. Care of these high-risk patients has been characterized by variability in management and, until relatively recently, a lack of defined standards for best practice. An enhanced recovery approach appears to improve outcomes for patients undergoing emergency laparotomy as pathway components are defined and delivered within set time frames. The importance of timely action on key steps, such as rapid review and management of sepsis, is of particular importance in this group of patients, many of whom are elderly and present in a state of physiological derangement. This chapter will discuss recent developments in management of emergency laparotomy with reference to major studies and pathways with wide applicability. Large-scale audits of process delivery and outcomes have helped support awareness of the issues in delivering high-quality care for emergency laparotomy, and the role of audit and reliable process delivery will be discussed in relation to emergency laparotomy and enhanced recovery.
Protein kinase C phosphorylates the EphA2 receptor on serine 892 in the regulatory linker connecting the kinase and SAM domains

The EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase signals through two distinct mechanisms, one regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation and the other by serine/threonine phosphorylation. Serine 892 (S892) is one of the major serine/threonine phosphorylation sites in EphA2, but little is known about its regulation and function. S892 is located in the linker connecting the EphA2 kinase and SAM domains, and is part of a cluster of five phosphorylated residues that includes the well characterized S897. EphA2 can be phosphorylated on S897 by the RSK, AKT and PKA kinases to promote a non-canonical form of signaling that plays an important role in cancer malignancy. Here we show that the Protein Kinase C (PKC) family phosphorylates the EphA2 S892 motif in vitro and in cells. By using a newly developed phosphospecific antibody, we detected EphA2 S892 phosphorylation in a variety of cell lines. As expected for a PKC target site, the PKC activator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) increases S892 phosphorylation whereas the broad-spectrum PKC inhibitor Go 6983 inhibits both basal and TPA-induced S892 phosphorylation. Besides phosphorylating S892, PKC can also increase EphA2 phosphorylation on S897 through the MEK kinase, which regulates the ERK-RSK signaling axis. We also found that S892 and S897 phosphorylation induced by PKC activation can be downregulated by ephrin ligand-induced EphA2 canonical signaling. Our data reveal that the PKC family contributes to the phosphorylation cluster in the EphA2 kinase-SAM linker, which regulates EphA2 non-canonical signaling and cancer malignancy.
Effect of TSH on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) independent of obesity in children of predominantly Hispanic/Latino ancestry by causal mediation analysis

Background Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common co-morbidity of obesity. Elevated TSH levels (eTSH), also associated with obesity, may contribute to the dysmetabolic state that predisposes to NAFLD. Objective To assess the relationship between TSH levels and NAFLD in children with biopsy-proven NAFLD compared to controls. Design and methods In this retrospective study of children with biopsy-proven NAFLD and age-matched controls, the association of eTSH with NAFLD was investigated and the role of TSH as a mediator between obesity and NAFLD was assessed. Results Sixty-six cases and 4067 controls (69.7 vs 59% Hispanic/Latino ancestry, p = 0.1) of the same age range seen in the same time duration at an urban Children’s Hospital were studied. Children with NAFLD were more likely to be male (74.6 vs 39.4%, p < 0.001), have higher modified BMI-z scores (median 2.4 (IQR 1.7) vs 1.9 (IQR 1.7), p < 0.001), and abnormal metabolic parameters (TSH, ALT, HDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TG). Multivariate analyses controlling for age, sex and severity of obesity showed significant association between the 4th quartile of TSH and NAFLD. Causal mediation analysis demonstrates that TSH mediates 33.8% of the effect of modified BMI-z score on NAFLD. This comprises of 16.0% (OR = 1.1, p = 0.002) caused by the indirect effect of TSH and its interaction with modified BMI-z, and 17.7% (OR = 1.1, p = 0.05) as an autonomous effect of TSH on NAFLD. Overall, 33.8% of the effect can be eliminated by removing the mediator, TSH (p = 0.001). Conclusions The association of eTSH and biopsy-proven NAFLD is demonstrated in children of Hispanic/Latino ancestry. Further, a causal mediation analysis implicates an effect of TSH on NAFLD, independent of obesity.
Book Review: “The Puzzle of Prison Order: Why Life Behind Bars Varies Around the World”

In this insightful book, David Skarbek builds on his earlier work which shows that official governance institutions are inadequate, prisoners will form their own institutions to secure property rights, facilitate market exchange, adjudicate disputes, and mitigate violence. Skarbek’s work rests at the intersection of two interesting subjects of inquiry. Most obviously, he is contributing to the rapidly growing body of literature on carceral systems. Although _The Puzzle of Prison Order_ is not a work of history, Skarbek answers historian Mary Gibson’s (2011) call for a more global approach to prison studies. Like Peter Leeson’s _The Invisible Hook_ (2009), which looks at the social order of pirates, Skarbek studies the people who seem least likely to establish functional systems of governance—criminals—to show how informal governance institutions form and operate.
Medical Errors, Disclosure, and Safety in Dermatologic Surgery

Dermatologists perform more cutaneous surgical procedures than any other medical specialty, ranging from routine biopsies to advanced skin cancer treatments. As a result, dermatologists and trainees face a higher likelihood than other specialists of encountering medical errors during surgery that may lead to dilemmas of personal responsibility, disclosure, or omission. Medical ethics obligates physicians to abide by non-maleficence and to respect patient autonomy. Mistakes happen - to err is human - but it is how physicians prepare for and react to these adverse events that provides a foundation for a healthy patient-physician relationship. This chapter highlights the ethical considerations, recommendations for response, and preventative safety recommendations for adverse event scenarios in dermatologic surgery.
An Efficient 3D ReRAM Convolution Processor Design for Binarized Weight Networks

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been evolving with tremendous success in visual recognition, obtaining human-level accuracy. The conventional hardware architecture, however, is facing difficulty in realizing real-time and energy-efficient operations on CNN. To efficiently operate CNN algorithms on the hardware, researchers are actively studying processing-in-memory (PIM) with resistive random-access memory (ReRAM). Digital PIM is particularly attractive because analog designs struggle with undesirable device properties and require additional circuits like analog-to-digital converter and digital-to-analog converter. However, the massive area originated from digital PIM is a hindrance to its applications. In this work, we present a three-dimensional (3D) ReRAM convolution logic processor design to tackle the limitation of digital PIM. At the hardware level, we leverage 3D ReRAM to take advantage of its area efficiency. The design simplicity without accuracy loss is accomplished by exploiting binarized weight networks (BWNs) at the algorithm level. Specifically, our 3D ReRAM processor computes the convolution of BWN based on a presumed full adder and a split-half addition scheme, which are proposed in this brief to maximize resource consumption efficiency. As a result, the proposed design achieves $3.7\times $ to $5.7\times $ and $5\times $ to $42.5\times $ area- and time-saving according to the bit precision in comparison to the original digital PIM.
New normals, from talk to gesture

Despite all the news coverage and online chatter about the repercussions of COVID-19, the pandemic has underscored the material limitations of public discourse to redress a health crisis of such ma...
How Social Media Micro-Influencers Are Disrupting the Business of Youth Fashion

Recent years have seen a veritable surge in the popularity of social media micro-influencers among the younger generations like Millennials and Generation-Z. These amateur micro-influencers have achieved a modicum of fame through their charismatic appeal and niche expertise, by focusing on a very narrow domain of interest within a large set of product and service categories. The growing popularity of micro-influencers has not escaped the attention of online fashion and streetwear marketers, like Asos, Boohoo, and Fashion Nova, who have coopted them to present their offerings on social platforms, like Instagram, using rich, visually appealing content, often modeled by the influencers themselves. This novel marketing and branding approach is highly cost-effective and obviates the need for traditional and expensive push marketing methods like television advertising and celebrity endorsements. Moreover, some of the micro-influencers themselves are now leveraging their social media popularity to launch their own “private fashion brands” on Instagram. These online developments have gained even greater momentum during the time of the pandemic. All such emerging tactics and trends stand to disrupt many mass-market apparel companies like Gap, Zara and H&M. The paper concludes with a set of managerial implications for practitioners of these established firms.
Enhancing the Performance of a Model to Predict Driving Distraction with the Random Forest Classifier

Distracted driving is known to be one of the main causes of crashes in the United States, accounting for about 40% of all crashes. Drivers’ situational awareness, decision-making, and driving perfo...
On the formation of {112̄2} boundary via {101̄2}-{011̄2} twin–twin interaction in magnesium

Abstract { 10 1 2 } twinning occurs extensively in Mg to accommodate plastic deformation. With multiple active twin variants, twin–twin interaction occurs and this often forms twin–twin boundaries. In this work, the { 11 2 2 } twin–twin boundary is studied using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis and atomistic simulations. EBSD data show that many of the twin–twin boundaries align well with { 11 2 2 } or { 11 2 6 } planes. Further, atomistic simulations reveal dynamically the formation of { 11 2 2 } boundary via the interaction of two non-co-zone { 10 1 2 } twin variants. Moreover, the twinning mode of the { 11 2 2 } boundary is found to be an extension twin with second undistorted plane of { 11 2 6 } . In addition, the { 11 2 2 } boundaries contribute significantly to the 60 ° 〈 01 1 0 〉 peak in the misorientation histogram; they also play an essential role in the unique strong strain hardening under c -axis tension. Our findings are crucial for completing the twinning theories for Mg.
Detection of urinary tract calculi on CT images reconstructed with deep learning algorithms.

Deep learning Computed Tomography (CT) reconstruction (DLR) algorithms promise to improve image quality but the impact on clinical diagnostic performance remains to be demonstrated. We aimed to compare DLR to standard iterative reconstruction for detection of urolithiasis by unenhanced CT in children and young adults. This was an IRB approved retrospective study involving post-hoc reconstruction of clinically acquired unenhanced abdomen/pelvis CT scans. Images were reconstructed with six different manufacturer-standard DLR algorithms and reformatted in 3 planes (axial, sagittal, and coronal) at 3 mm intervals. De-identified reconstructions were loaded as independent examinations for review by 3 blinded radiologists (R1, R2, R3) tasked with identifying and measuring all stones. Results were compared to the clinical iterative reconstruction images as a reference standard. IntraClass correlation coefficients and kappa (k) statistics were used to quantify agreement. CT data for 14 patients (mean age: 17.3 ± 3.4 years, 5 males and 9 females, weight class: 31-70 kg (n = 6), 71-100 kg (n = 7), > 100 kg (n = 1)) were reconstructed into 84 total exams. 7 patients had urinary tract calculi. Interobserver agreement on the presence of any urinary tract calculus was substantial to almost perfect (k = 0.71–1) for all DLR algorithms. Agreement with the reference standard on number of calculi was excellent (ICC = 0.78–0.96) and agreement on the size of the largest calculus was fair to excellent (ICC = 0.51–0.97) depending on reviewer and DLR algorithm. Deep learning reconstruction of unenhanced CT images allows similar renal stone detectability compared to iterative reconstruction.
Acute psychosis and serotonin syndrome in the setting of Triple-C" overdose: a case report."

Background Over-the-counter medication overdose is a difficult diagnostic challenge for many physicians as common drug screening assays cannot detect these substances. We present a case of acute psychosis, serotonin syndrome, and anticholinergic overdose-like properties in the setting of Coricidin HBP Cough & Cold tablets, known by their street name Triple-C. This is the first case report we are aware of involving a patient presenting with these symptoms and requiring critical-care-level support. Case presentation A 31-year-old African American female with a past medical history of anxiety, childhood asthma, previous methamphetamine abuse, and coronavirus disease 2019 infection in August 2020 was brought to the emergency department by the local police department with altered mental status. Initial blood work, including extended drug screens, were unremarkable for a definitive diagnosis. This patient required critical-care-level support and high sedation because of her symptoms. Collateral history revealed the patient regularly consumed Triple-C daily for the 6 weeks prior to admission. A trial off sedation was attempted after 24 hours with no complications. The patient admitted to regular Triple-C consumption and auditory hallucinations since adolescence. She was discharged safely after 48 hours back into the community. She was lost to follow-up with psychiatry and internal medicine; however, she was evaluated in the emergency room 1 month later with a similar psychiatric presentation. Conclusion Overdose of Triple-C should be kept in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with a triad of psychosis, serotonin syndrome, and anticholinergic overdose, in the setting of unknown substance ingestion.
2‐Nitro‐1‐(phenylsulfonyl)‐1H‐indole

The crystal structure of the title mol­ecule, C14H10N2O4S, confirms the position of the nitro group at C-2 of the indole ring. The nitro group is not coplanar with the indole ring system and the angle between the planes of the indole ring system and the phenyl ring is 68.6 (1)°.
A soluble secretory protein of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii associates with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane through hydrophobic interactions

The obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii resides within a specialized, nonfusogenic vacuole termed the parasitophorous vacuole. We are exploring the hypothesis that parasite proteins contained in dense core granules and secreted into the vacuole after cell invasion contribute to the modification of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM). The dense granule protein GRA3 associates preferentially with the PVM. Here we show that GRA3 liberated from dense granules is a soluble protein. Following secretion, one-third or more of GRA3 in the parasitophorous vacuole becomes stably associated with the vacuole membrane as judged by sucrose flotation gradients and Triton X-114 phase partitioning experiments. GRA3 cannot be removed from the membrane by extraction with sodium carbonate at pH 11.0, nor can it be labeled in infected cells with [1-14C]acetate. In sucrose velocity sedimentation gradients, GRA3 from vacuolar membranes solubilized in Triton X-100 sediments as an oligomer. Membrane-associated GRA3 cross-links to itself, migrating as a ladder of bands in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No other parasite or cell proteins co-precipitate with cross-linked GRA3. We conclude that a portion of GRA3 secreted from the parasite as a soluble protein directly inserts into the vacuole membrane in an oligomeric form. This is the first report in Toxoplasma or related parasites of a protein which inserts into the vacuole membrane for some purpose other than to lyse that membrane.
Optimization with the Mixed Coordination Method

This paper studies static optimization with equality constraints by using the mixed coordination method. The idea is to relax equality constraints via Lagrange multipliers, and creat a hierarchy where the Lagrange multipliers and part of the decision variables are selected as high level variables. The method was proposed about ten years ago with a simple high level updating scheme. In this paper we show that this simple updating scheme has a linear convergence rate under appropriate conditions. To obtain faster convergence, the Modified Newton's Method is adopted at the high level. There are two difficulties associated with the Modified Newton's Method. One is how to obtain the Hessian matrix in determining the Newton direction, as second order derivatives of the objective function with respect to all high level variables are needed. The second is when to stop in performing a line search along the Newton direction, as the high level problem is a maxmini problem looking for a saddle point. In this paper, the Hessian matrix is obtained by using a kind of sensitivity analysis. The line search stopping criterion, on the other hand, is based on the norm of the gradient vector. Extensive numerical testing results are provided in the paper. Since the low level is a set of independent subproblems, the method is well suited for parallel processing. Furthermore, since convexification terms can be added while maintaining separability of the original problem, the method is promising for nonconvex problems.
Rural, Suburban, and Urban Differences in Factors That Impact Physician Adherence to Clinical Preventive Service Guidelines

Purpose: Rural-urban disparities in provision of preventive services exist, but there is sparse research on how rural, suburban, or urban differences impact physician adherence to clinical preventive service guidelines. We aimed to identify factors that may cause differences in adherence to preventive service guidelines among rural, suburban, and urban primary care physicians. Methods: This qualitative study involved in-depth semistructured interviews with 29 purposively sampled primary care physicians (10 rural, 10 suburban, 9 urban) in Missouri. Physicians were asked to describe barriers and facilitators to clinical preventive service guideline adherence. Using techniques from grounded theory analysis, 2 coders first independently conducted content analysis then reconciled differences in coding to ensure agreement on intended meaning of transcripts. Findings: Patient epidemiologic differences, distance to health care services, and care coordination were reported as prominent factors that produced differences in preventive service guideline adherence among rural, suburban, and urban physicians. Epidemiologic differences impacted all physicians, but rural physicians highlighted the importance of occupational risk factors in their patients. Greater distance to health care services reduced visit frequency and was a prominent barrier for rural physicians. Care coordination among health care providers was problematic for suburban and urban physicians. Patient resistance to medical care and inadequate access to resources and specialists were identified as barriers by some rural physicians. Conclusions: The rural, suburban, or urban context impacts whether a physician will adhere to clinical preventive service guidelines. Efforts to increase guideline adherence should consider the barriers and facilitators unique to rural, suburban, or urban areas.
Synthesis and application of isotopically labeled flavin nucleotides

Flavin nucleotides, i.e. flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are utilized as prosthetic groups and/or substrates by a myriad of proteins, ranging from metabolic enzymes to light receptors. Isotopically labeled flavins have served as invaluable tools in probing the structure and function of these flavoproteins. Here we present an enzymatic synthesis of several radio- and stable-isotope labeled flavin nucleotides from commercially available labeled riboflavin and ATP. The synthetic procedure employs a bifunctional enzyme, Corynebacterium ammoniagenes FAD synthetase, that sequentially converts riboflavin to FMN and then to FAD. The final flavin product (FMN or FAD) is controlled by the concentration of ATP in the reaction. Utility of the synthesized labeled FAD cofactors is demonstrated in flavin-dependent thymidylate synthase. The described synthetic approach can be easily applied to the production of flavin nucleotide analogues from riboflavin precursors.
Changes in snowpack accumulation and ablation in the intermountain west

[1] Recent observations have documented declining snow water equivalent (SWE) and earlier melt in the coastal Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges, and climate models suggest that warming temperatures will decrease snowpack storage in the higher-elevation mountain ranges of interior western North America. To date, however, observations of changing SWE or snowmelt have been limited to the state of Colorado in the intermountain west (IMW), defined here as the Rio Grande, Colorado River, and Great Basins, which supply water to the driest regions of North America. We used daily SNOTEL data collected between 1984 and 2009 combined with the nonparametric regional Kendall test to demonstrate significant and widespread changes in the duration of snow cover in these river basins. Daily SNOTEL data demonstrated that basin average maximum SWE occurred as early as 7 March (Lower Colorado River Basin) and as late as 13 April (Upper Colorado, Yampa, and White River Basins). Although significant increases in winter temperature (T) were widespread, there were minimal changes in the day of maximum accumulation and no indications from SWE to winter precipitation ratios (SWE:P) and winter T observations that a transition from snow to rain had occurred. While there was little change in day of maximum accumulation, the duration of snow cover decreased in 11 of 13 drainage regions, and snowmelt center of mass (SM50) advanced 1 to 4 days per decade in 6 of 13 regions. There were significant trends toward a faster SM50 and shorter duration of snow cover in the highest-elevation regions (>2800 m) of the Colorado River Basin, suggesting that winter T and P may not be the primary driver of change. Our results show that the IMW hydroclimate is both spatially and temporally variable, with few changes in winter T and P in the Great Basin and drier and warmer winters in the Colorado River and Rio Grande Basins. The changes in snowmelt timing also were variable, with a shorter SM50 and less maximum SWE in the Colorado River and Rio Grande Basins. The variable response of snowpacks in the IMW to widespread warming highlights the need for additional research into the mass and energy balance of these continental snowpacks.
Introduction to the Physics of Particle Accelerators

Progress in science is closely connected to the capabilities of instruments. Accelerators and detectors are the instruments of particle physics; these lectures are devoted to the former. Examples of relationship between accelerator science and particle physics are the discovery of the W and Z bosons which was a result of the development of stochastic cooling and the extensive studies of c− and b-quarks have been critically dependent on understanding and improvement of e+e− storage rings. In the future work on superconducting magnets could lead to the discovery of the t-quark and the Higgs.
New variant lymphomatoid papulosis type E preceding and coexisting with mycosis fungoides – a case report and review of the literature

Angioinvasive (type E) lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a recently described subtype of LyP presenting with eschar-like lesions that can be mistaken for aggressive forms of angiocentric cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. None of the cases of angioinvasive LyP described thus far have been associated with mycosis fungoides (MF). Herein, we describe a case of angioinvasive LyP type E coexisting with MF. The patient presented with an eschar on his chest and over time developed new nodules and large plaques with eschar formation, all of which resolved spontaneously over a period of a few weeks without intentional therapy. Biopsy revealed a CD30+ atypical inflammatory cell infiltrate with marked angiocentricity. Later, he developed erythematous annular scaly patches histologically consistent with MF. Our patient's clinical course confirms the indolent behavior characteristic of LyP despite the aggressive clinical and histologic appearance of lesions. The co-occurrence of angioinvasive LyP and MF in our patient highlights the propensity for LyP type E to coexist with MF, as is characteristic of other LyP subtypes, and supports the theory that LyP and MF are related T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Patients with LyP can present with large lesions exhibiting eschar formation and an atypical angiocentric/angiodestructive lymphoid infiltrate and should be spared overtreatment.
Rectus extraocular muscle pulley displacement after surgical transposition and posterior fixation for treatment of paralytic strabismus.

Abstract PURPOSE: To determine the effect of rectus extraocular muscle (EOM) transposition with posterior fixation (PF), we employed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to demonstrate pulley inflections in EOM paths before and after surgery in patients with paralytic strabismus. DESIGN: Consecutive interventional case series. METHODS: Five consecutive patients (three males and two females with a mean age 52 years, range 33 to 77 years) with paralytic strabismus were studied prospectively before and more than 6 weeks after EOM transposition and PF by means of contiguous cross-sectional MRI obtained in planes perpendicular to the long axis of the orbit. Muscle paths were determined in three dimensions (3-D) for each EOM by analysis of cross-sectional area centroids in normalized, oculocentric coordinate systems. RESULTS: Four patients underwent full tendon transposition with PF of the vertical rectus EOMs. One other patient underwent full tendon transposition without PF of the horizontal rectus EOMs superiorly. For transpositions with PF, there was a large displacement of EOM path in central (straight ahead) gaze beginning in the posterior orbit. After surgical transposition, clear inflections representing pulley locations of the superior, medial, and lateral rectus paths occurred in central gaze. There was no clear path inflection for the inferior rectus in central gaze, but there was a small inflection in adduction. After all transpositions, the globe center shifted away from the transposed insertions. CONCLUSIONS: Rectus EOM transpositions with PF shift EOM pulleys posteriorly and in the directions of the transposed EOM tendons, while translating the globe center. These changes may explain the superior effectiveness of PF in increasing duction towards the transposition.
Parental Glucose Phosphate Isomerase Activity in Three-Day Mouse Embryos

There has been suggestive evidence for embryonic genome activity in the preimplantation mouse embryo for several years. Whitten and Dagg (1961) found a paternal effect on cleavage rate before implantation, and Morris (1968) suggested that the X chromosome is necessary for early cleavage. However, to prove the presence of paternally derived gene activity, it is necessary to demonstrate the existence of a protein in the embryo coded for by a paternal allele. Chapman et al. (1971) have recently shown the presence on day 5 of development of the paternal variant of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) in mouse embryos derived by mating males and females containing the genes for different isozyme subunits. In addition, the work of Epstein (1972) on the total activity of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase suggests that the paternal allele for this enzyme, which is sex linked, is active at day 4 in development. Work in our laboratory during the past 2 years has also identified the paternal variant of GPI in the mouse embryo but at an earlier stage of development than previously reported. The studies reported here demonstrate paternal allele activity of GPI on the third day of development after only three cleavage divisions. This is not only earlier than previously reported for the mouse but is much earlier than found in fish, frog, and quail.
Production of rosmarinic acid from perfusion culture of Anchusa officinalis in a membrane-aerated bioreactor

In this study, a perfusion fermentation ofAnchusa officinalis was carried out in a stirred tank bioreactor integrated with an internal cross-flow filter. Bubble-free aeration via microporous membrane fibers was used to provide oxygen. A two-stage culture was successfully conducted in this reactor without filter fouling. In a 17 day fermentation, a cell density of 26 g dw/I and a rosmarinic acid productivity of 94 mg/l day were achieved. This productivity is three times that obtained in a batch culture.
Modeling of Submicron Si1—xGex-Based MOSFETs by Self-Consistent Monte Carlo Simulation

The ensemble Monte Carlo method, self-consistently coupled with the Poisson Solver, is used to study the high-field electron transport properties in Si and strained Si in short channel MOSFETs. A 0.1 μm gate-length Si and strained-Si n-MOSFET has been investigated and the results show a 50% current enhancement factor in the strained Si channel device.
Peripheral neuropathy associated with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) treatment

Peripheral neuropathy developed in two cases of recurrent bladder carcinoma treated with Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (DDP) at a dose of 75 mg/m2 IV every 3 weeks. The neuropathy appeared in both patients while they were achieving a subjective and objective response to DDP. The neuropathy was reversible in one patient. In the other patient, a disabling sensory neuropathy progressed despite cessation of therapy. The temporal relationship between the neurological symptoms and the administration of DDP implicate this drug as the possible causative agent in the peripheral neuropathy.
One-Electron Pictures of Electronic Structure: Propagator Calculations on Photoelectron Spectra of Aromatic Molecules

Hartree-Fock [1] and density functional [2, 3] theories offer one-electron pictures of molecular electronic structure. The former has been the standard by which the concept of electron correlation has been defined [4] and its errors therefore are known as correlation effects. Density functional theories provide a variety of exchange and correlation approximations that can be incorporated into orbital eigenvalue equations. The widespread application of methods based on the Kohn-Sham equations [5] attests to the appeal of the one-electron paradigm.
Maturity Fears during Recovery from Cocaine Dependency

The present study explored the incidence of maturation fears among 22 cocaine-dependent individuals who were at various levels of recovery ranging from 3 mo. to 4 yr. From clinical observation and prior research it is known that cocaine dependency commonly produces feelings of empowerment and confidence and thus, it was predicted that cocaine-dependent individuals would report more extreme maturation fears, measured by the Maturity Fears subscale of the Eating Disorders Inventory. The findings indicated that the cocaine-dependent group had significantly higher scores than a group of individuals not dependent on cocaine.
Motor learning in Ts65Dn mice, a model for Down syndrome

Ts65Dn mice are a genetic model for Down syndrome. Both individuals with Down syndrome and Ts65Dn mice have reduced cerebellar volumes and the cerebellum is involved in motor learning. Conflicting results have been reported on the motor learning abilities of Ts65Dn mice, which may be related to procedural differences between the motor learning tasks used in different laboratories and/or variability in phenotype because of the segregating background on which the mice are maintained. In this study, we examined learning in three types of motor tasks (peg running, accelerating rotorod, and rotating rod) which were initially easy for mice and gradually increased in difficulty. Ts65Dn mice learned the peg running task as well as controls, and learned the accelerating rotorod and rotating rod tasks as well as, and even better than, controls. These data indicate that Ts65Dn mice are not impaired in motor learning. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 38: 33–45, 2001
Respiratory mechanics of the horse during the first year of life.

Abstract This study investigated the developmental changes in the mechanical properties of the respiratory system in growing horses. Pulmonary mechanics and lung volumes were serially measured in anesthetized foals during the first year of life. Quasi-static pressure-volume curves were generated, and functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured using a closed nitrogen equilibration technique. At birth, chest wall compliance normalized to body weight was substantially less than reported in other less precocious newborn species, while lung compliance normalized to body weight was similar to values reported for other species. Characteristics of the transition from the neonatal to adult respiratory system in the foal included a decrease in the ratios of chest wall to lung compliance (C w /C l ) and the unstressed volume of the chest wall to TLC, and a constant FRC/TLC throughout most of the study period. The somatic growth of the foal and its respiratory system were uneven processes, with increases in lung volume lagging increases in overall body size.
Training Reference Librarians Using Library Instruction Methods.

Le bibliothecaire, en formation, devrait suivre des stages pratiques qui, avant l'exercice de ses fonctions, le familiariserait avec les tâches qui l'attendent, en particulier le service aux utilisateurs. Quelques programmes evalues ou mis en place aux Etats-Unis tracent les grandes lignes du besoin en formation dans ce domaine
The Rho-family GEF Asef2 activates Rac to modulate adhesion and actin dynamics and thereby regulate cell migration

Asef2 is a recently identified Rho-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that has been implicated in the modulation of actin, but its function in cell migration and adhesion dynamics is not well understood. In this study, we show that Asef2 is an important regulator of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly (turnover). Asef2 localizes with actin at the leading edge of cells. Knockdown of endogenous Asef2 impairs migration and significantly slows the turnover of adhesions. Asef2 enhances both Rac1 and Cdc42 activity in HT1080 cells, but only Rac1 is crucial for the Asef2-promoted increase in migration and adhesion turnover. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and the serine/threonine kinase Akt are also essential for the Asef2-mediated effects on migration and adhesion turnover. Consistent with this, Asef2 increases the amount of active Akt at the leading edge of cells. Asef2 signaling leads to an overall decrease in Rho activity, which is crucial for stimulating migration and adhesion dynamics. Thus, our results reveal an important new role for Asef2 in promoting cell migration and rapid adhesion turnover by coordinately regulating the activities of Rho-family GTPases.
Wishing It Were Now Some Other Time

One of the most serious obstacles to accepting a tenseless view of time is the challenge posed by our experience of tense. A particularly striking example of such experience, pointed out by Schlesinger but largely overlooked in the literature, is the wish felt by probably all of us at some time or other that it were now some other time. Such a wish seems evidently rational to hold, and yet on a tenseless theory of time such a wish must be regarded as irrational, since it is logically impossible for the now to be located at some other time, there being no such thing as an objective now or present. In order to accommodate rationally such a belief, most protagonists of tenseless time twist the evident meaning of the wish. Oaklander, for example, misconstrues the wish in terms of my wanting to have different perceptions. Others, like Coburn, admit frankly that such a wish is rational only on a tensed theory of time but mistakenly reject that theory on grounds that at best constitute a defeater of an argument for a tensed view of time, rather than a defeater of the tensed view itself. the argument for a tensed view of time from the experience of tense remains undefeated.
An elementary coordinate-dependent local resolution of singularities and applications

Abstract An elementary classical analysis resolution of singularities method is developed, extensively using explicit coordinate systems. The algorithm is designed to be applicable to subjects such as oscillatory integrals and critical integrability exponents. As one might expect, the trade-off for such an elementary method is a weaker theorem than Hironaka's work [H. Hironaka, Resolution of singularities of an algebraic variety over a field of characteristic zero I, Ann. of Math. (2) 79 (1964) 109–203; H. Hironaka, Resolution of singularities of an algebraic variety over a field of characteristic zero II, Ann. of Math. (2) 79 (1964) 205–326] or its subsequent simplications and extensions such as [E. Bierstone, P. Milman, Canonical desingularization in characteristic zero by blowing up the maximum strata of a local invariant, Invent. Math. 128 (2) (1997) 207–302; S. Encinas, O. Villamayor, Good points and constructive resolution of singularities, Acta Math. 181 (1) (1998) 109–158; J. Kollar, Resolution of singularities—Seattle lectures, preprint; A.N. Varchenko, Newton polyhedra and estimates of oscillatory integrals, Funct. Anal. Appl. 18 (3) (1976) 175–196]. Nonetheless the methods of this paper can be used to prove a variety of theorems of interest in analysis. As illustration, two consequences are given. First and most notably, a general theorem regarding the existence of critical integrability exponents are established. Secondly, a quick proof of a well-known inequality of Lojasiewicz [S. Lojasiewicz, Ensembles semi-analytiques, Inst. Hautes Etudes Sci., Bures-sur-Yvette, 1964] is given. The arguments here are substantially different from the general algorithms such as [H. Hironaka, Resolution of singularities of an algebraic variety over a field of characteristic zero I, Ann. of Math. (2) 79 (1964) 109–203; H. Hironaka, Resolution of singularities of an algebraic variety over a field of characteristic zero II, Ann. of Math. (2) 79 (1964) 205–326], or the elementary arguments of [E. Bierstone, P. Milman, Semianalytic and subanalytic sets, Inst. Hautes Etudes Sci. Publ. Math. 67 (1988) 5–42] and [H. Sussman, Real analytic desingularization and subanalytic sets: an elementary approach, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 317 (2) (1990) 417–461]. The methods here have as antecedents the earlier work of the author [M. Greenblatt, A direct resolution of singularities for functions of two variables with applications to analysis, J. Anal. Math. 92 (2004) 233–257], Phong and Stein [D.H. Phong, E.M. Stein, The Newton polyhedron and oscillatory integral operators, Acta Math. 179 (1997) 107–152], and Varchenko [A.N. Varchenko, Newton polyhedra and estimates of oscillatory integrals, Funct. Anal. Appl. 18 (3) (1976) 175–196].
Nonmedical use of prescription opioids: motive and ubiquity issues.

Abstract Two issues relating to prescription opioid nonmedical use that to our knowledge have not been comprehensively addressed in the peer-reviewed literature are discussed: Motives for nonmedical use and the extent of nonmedical use of prescription opioids in other countries. The United States' national annual survey on illicit drug use in the general population (National Survey on Drug Use and Health) asks respondents whether they have used prescription opioids for nonmedical purposes but does not assess motives for such use. By not assessing motives, nonmedical users who use only for pain relief and nonmedical users who have other motives for use are grouped together, but 2 recent epidemiological studies suggest that these 2 groups may differ in a propensity to have substance use–related problems. We suggest that the survey add a question that assesses motives for nonmedical use. Regarding whether countries besides the United States have problems associated with nonmedical use of prescription opioids, after searching for epidemiological surveys and other materials potentially relevant to this issue, we were unable to determine the extent of nonmedical use of prescription opioids in other countries or draw cross-national comparisons. We suggest that more countries include specific questions about nonmedical use of prescription opioids in their national epidemiological surveys. Perspective We believe that critical information surrounding the nonmedical use of prescription opioids is not being gathered. Such information would allow for a better understanding of the problem. We invite discussion and commentaries regarding the issues we raise to more effectively address this public health issue.