cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Globular Cluster Systems of Spiral and S0 Galaxies: Results from WIYN Imaging of NGC 1023, NGC 1055, NGC 7332, and NGC 7339

We present results from a study of the globular cluster (GC) systems of four spiral and S0 galaxies imaged as part of an ongoing wide-field survey of the GC systems of giant galaxies. The target galaxies—the SB0 galaxy NGC 1023, the SBb galaxy NGC 1055, and an isolated pair comprised of the Sbc galaxy NGC 7339 and the S0 galaxy NGC 7332—were observed in BVR filters with the WIYN 3.5 m telescope and Minimosaic camera. For two of the galaxies, we combined the WIYN imaging with previously published data from the Hubble Space Telescope and the Keck Observatory to help characterize the GC distribution in the central few kiloparsecs. We determine the radial distribution (surface density of GCs versus projected radius) of each galaxy’s GC system and use it to calculate the total number of GCs (NGC). We find NGC = 490 ±30, 210 ±40, 175 ±15, and 75 ±10 for NGC 1023, NGC 1055, NGC 7332, and NGC 7339, respectively. We also calculate the GC specific frequency (NGC normalized by host galaxy luminosity or mass) and find values typical of those of the other spiral and E/S0 galaxies in the survey. The two lenticular galaxies have sufficient numbers of GC candidates for us to perform statistical tests for bimodality in the GC color distributions. We find evidence at a high confidence level (>95%) for two populations in the B −R distribution of the GC system of NGC 1023. We find weaker evidence for bimodality (>81% confidence) in the GC color distribution of NGC 7332. Finally, we identify eight GC candidates that may be associated with the Magellanic dwarf galaxy NGC 1023A, which is a satellite of NGC 1023.
A case for micro-cellstores: energy-efficient data management on recycled smartphones

Increased energy costs and concerns for sustainability make the following question more relevant than ever: can we turn old or unused computing equipment into cost- and energy-efficient modules that can be readily repurposed? We believe the answer is yes, and our proposal is to turn unused smartphones into micro-data center composable modules. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a Micro-Cellstore (MCS), a stand-alone data-appliance housing dozens of recycled smartphones. Through detailed power and performance measurements on a Linux-based current-generation smartphone, we assess the potential of MCSs as a data management platform. In this paper we focus on scan-based partitionable workloads. We show that smartphones are overall more energy efficient than recently proposed low-power alternatives, based on an initial evaluation over a wide range of single-node database scan workloads, and that the gains become more significant when operating on narrow tuples (i.e., column-stores, or compressed row-stores). Our initial results are very encouraging, showing efficiency gains of up to 6×, and indicate several promising future directions.
Lipids of bovine enamel and dentin and human bone.

Three different materials were studied: bovine dentin, bovine enamel, and human cortical bone. Lipids extracted from pulverized tissues were analyzed qualitatively by paper chromatography and quantitatively by column chromatography. Sample materials were also demineralized and extracted a second time so that results could be compared to those obtained prior to demineralization. Fatty acids of bone lipids were investigated by vapor phase chromatography and compared to the fatty acids of trabecular bone and bone marrow. Calcified tissues were found to contain cholesterol, cholesterol esters, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and various phospholipids. With some exceptions, such as bovine enamel where phospholipids could not be identified, these included lecithin, lysolecithin, cephalin, lysocephalin, monophosphoinositide, sphingomyelin, and substances which might be phosphatidic acid and cardiolipin. Phosphatidylserine was extractable from bovine dentin only after demineralization, but was removable from bone both before and after EDTA treatment. Additional lipids were obtained from sample materials if they were demineralized with EDTA and extracted a second time. The total lipids extracted from the tissues averaged 20.28 mg/100 g dentin, 1.97 mg/100 g enamel, and 2,005 mg/100 g human bone. The major portion of human cortical bone lipids was triglyceride and the fatty acid composition was similar to that of marrow and trabecular bone.
Stratigraphic and petrographic comparison of the Creta and Kupferschiefer copper shale deposits

Stratigraphic and petrographic characteristics of the Creta copper shale deposit in the Flowerpot Shale of southwestern Oklahoma are compared with the betterknown Rudna deposit in the Kupferschiefer of south-western Poland. At Creta, early diagenetic mineralization is indicated by: (1) copper sulfide replacement of large spores and of pyrite, (2) lack of compaction of replaced spores relative to unreplaced spores, (3) enclosure of uncompacted mud and copper sulfides by early “matrix gypsum,” and (4) location of the ore bed within a thick sequence of fine-grained, low-permeability sediments. This contrasts sharply with evidence of late-diagenetic copper mineralization in the Kupferschiefer at Rudna. Mineralization of copper shales appears to occur over a wide time scale relative to diagenesis of the host sediments.
Latino immigrants and the renegotiation of place and belonging in small town America

This article compares the politics of place and belonging within two non-metropolitan communities—Woodburn, Oregon, and Leadville, Colorado—that have witnessed a significant increase in Latino immigration during the last fifteen to twenty years. Today both communities are approximately 50 per cent Latino, a demographic change that has reworked understandings of place identity and social belonging in each. Through a comparison of the two towns we seek to chart the unique regional political economic dynamics driving these changes, examine their spatial imprint, and interrogate how local context shapes the extent to which new arrivals are able to make effective claims to a sense of place and belonging despite hierarchies of race, class and ‘illegality.’ Assessing the differences between these two immigrant destinations provides insights into how sociospatial relations are crucial to analyzing immigrant–receiving society interaction, and contributes to scholarship on the uneven geography of immigrant incorpor...
Tonic convulsive thresholds and responses during the postnatal development of rats administered 6-hydroxydopamine or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine within three days following birth

The maturation of the electroshock tonic convulsive pattern and threshold was investigated in rats between the ages of 4 and 30 days following intracisternal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on postnatal days 1 and 2; or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) after desipramine on postnatal day 3. In 6-OHDA treated rats decreases in brain norepinephrine (mean values of 55% of control) and dopamine (mean values of 17% of control) were associated with a large reduction in the convulsive threshold and intensification of the pattern on postnatal day 4. Whereas the reduction in catecholamine concentrations and the intensification of the pattern were still evident on postnatal day 30, the last day of testing, the threshold effect was not evident by postnatal day 15. Although 5,7-DHT reduced brain serotonin concentrations (mean values of 59% of control) as early as postnatal day 4, the pattern was not intensified until postnatal day 8, and the threshold was not reduced until postnatal day 21. These effects were still evident on postnatal day 30. The results demonstrate a sequential maturation of monoaminergic regulation in seizure susceptibility and severity, with an apparent transition from catecholaminergic to serotonergic regulation of the tonic threshold during the third postnatal week.
In-situ observations of self-assembled island nucleation on patterned substrates

We compare in-situ electron microscopy observations of Ge island growth on Si surfaces modulated by different techniques. Si(001) substrates were patterned either using a focused Ga ion beam or lithographically to produce similar feature sizes. In the case of the focused-ion-beam patterned substrates, chemical or strain effects caused by low Ga doses control the positions at which islands nucleate. Nucleation on topographically modulated substrates, with the pattern produced either by high-dose sputtering or lithographically, is controlled by the nature of the side walls of topographic features. The two patterning approaches have different benefits in creating arrays of islands for device applications.
Community analysis of Belarusian lakes: correlations of species diversity with hydrochemistry

Our purpose was to explore relationships of freshwater planktonic and benthic community species richness with water chemistry parameters using a dataset of biological, chemical, and physical data from 550 lakes. This was done using multivar- iate (ordination), graphical, and correlation analyses. Although the lakes are rather similar in location (Belarus) and in being mostly eutrophic, they do show variations in water chemistry. We ordinated lakes by water chemistry variables, and then looked for correlations between the ordination axes and species richness in 10 taxonomic groups: Cyanobac- teria, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotatoria, Mollusca, Trichoptera, Chiro- nomidae, and aquatic macrophytes. The first four Principal Components Analysis (PCA) axes explained about 67% of the total variability in water chemistry. The axes represent water hardness (DIC, dissolved inorganic carbon), organic content (DOC, dissolved organic carbon), nutrients, and chlorides and sulfates. The PCA ordination revealed environ- mental gradients, but not the distinctive clusters of lakes. Species richness was most strongly correlated with the first PCA axis (DIC), which accounted for 29% of the total variation in water chemistry. Species richness was positively correlated with DIC for eight of 10 taxonomic categories. The second PCA axis (DOC), which accounted for 20% of total variation in water chemistry, was correlated with species richness in the three phytoplankton groups, and with chiron- omid species richness. The third PCA axis (nutrients, especially nitrogen, 11%) was correlated with species richness of copepoda, chironomids, and macrophytes. The fourth PCA axis (chloride and sulfate) accounted for only 7% of the total variance in water chemistry, and was significantly negatively correlated with species richness of rotifers, molluscs, and chirono- mids. In addition to these linear correlations, there were several significant non-linear relationships. DIC variables showed curvilinear (hump-shaped) relation- ship with benthos (all groups combined) and especially with molluscs, and DOC variables—with phytoplankton and benthos. Each community, and often separate taxonomic groups within community have their own optimal ranges of chemical concen- trations, and various water chemistry variables showed significant curvilinear relationships with biodiversity, suggesting that the diversity of different
Emergency Transportation Preparedness, Management, and Response in Urban Planning and Development

The planning and management of transportation systems for emergencies is a field that is finally beginning to receive the level of attention that it has so critically lacked for decades. My introduction to transportation planning for emergencies began about 10 years ago, after Hurricane Georges threatened to strike New Orleans. Prior to that I had never met a transportation engineer or planner working in emergency management nor, despite many years of education and practice in highway design, traffic engineering, and traffic modeling, ever read an article about the application of transportation principles to mass emergency response. I have since learned that there are a handful of experts who have been working in this field for decades, particularly on the research side. Unfortunately, little of their work has ever made it into practice. This historic low level of involvement from the professional transportation community and lack of knowledge transfer has and continues to cost society dearly. After arriving at Louisiana State University LSU I became involved in the development of a proposal to model the flooding impacts of hurricanes on the Louisiana coast, largely resulting from the accelerated land loss in the coastal marsh regions the devastating effects of which were well-documented in wake of Hurricane Katrina. As part of the project, we wanted to examine the potential effect of storm-surge scenarios on evacuation routes. Having spent the majority of my life far from hurricanes, I had no expertise on the topic of evacuation. Undaunted, I set out to collect information on prior evacuation-related transportation research. To my astonishment, there was little to be found. While the subject had a long and well-documented history in fields like geography and the behavioral/sociological sciences, there were only a few researchers in transportation planning and engineering who were or had been actively addressing evacuation-related topics.
An optimal checkpoint/restart model for a large scale high performance computing system

The increase in the physical size of high performance computing (HPC) platform makes system reliability more challenging. In order to minimize the performance loss (rollback and checkpoint overheads) due to unexpected failures or unnecessary overhead of fault tolerant mechanisms, we present a reliability-aware method for an optimal checkpoint/restart strategy. Our scheme aims at addressing fault tolerance challenge, especially in a large-scale HPC system, by providing optimal checkpoint placement techniques that are derived from the actual system reliability. Unlike existing checkpoint models, which can only handle Poisson failure and a constant checkpoint interval, our model can deal with a varying checkpoint interval and with different failure distributions. In addition, the approach considers optimality for both checkpoint overhead and rollback time. Our validation results suggest a significant improvement over existing techniques.
Phenotypic diversity of Aegilops cylindrica (jointed goatgrass) accessions from the western United States under irrigated and dryland conditions

a b s t r a c t Aegilops cylindrica Host (jointed goatgrass) is an exotic invasive weed in the western United States that causes economic loss due to competition with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and contamination of wheat grain. Further, because Ae. cylindrica is a wild relative of wheat, interspecific hybridization is a possible mechanism for the introgression of advantageous genes from wheat to the weedy species. The risk of introgression of traits conferring environmental stress tolerance, such as drought tolerance, from transgenic wheat has not been studied and is of high concern because it could increase the weed's competitiveness with wheat, as well as its ability to invade novel habitats. Genetic diversity has been reported among western U.S. Ae. cylindrica accessions, however, studies to determine whether genetic diversity relates to phenotypic diversity have been limited. Here, 30 accessions of Ae. cylindrica from the western U.S. were evaluated over two years at two Colorado locations: Haxtun in 2008-2009 and Fort Collins in 2009-2010. Days to flowering, plant height, number of tillers produced per plant, number of spikelets per spike, and number of spikelets per plant were evaluated under rain-fed and irrigated conditions. Results indicate significant (P < 0.01) variation among accessions for each of the traits for both years. Additionally, in 2009-2010 there was a significant (P < 0.01) effect of irrigation on all traits, except days to flowering. Similarly, all traits except days to flowering showed a significant effect of the interaction of accession with treatment (P < 0.05) in 2009-2010. The study shows that variation exists in traits related to competitive ability and fitness. Our data also suggest differences among accessions in sensitivity to water availability. This observation needs to be confirmed in additional environments. Implications of our results for evaluation of transgene introgression are discussed. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Modest Proposal: A Pastoral Political Theology

A pastoral political theology, I contend, has four goals, namely, (a) critical, systemic examination of political governance, policies, programs, and structures vis-a-vis the concept of care—theologically understood, (b) facilitating cooperation and collaboration with diverse others in cultivating public spaces of appearances, (c) offering concrete plans in meeting the needs of particular others—citizen and non-citizen, and (d) assessing the implementation of these solutions. In this article, I offer an outline of and foundational theological premises for a pastoral political theology, indicating its distinctions from and contributions to political theologies that focus on justice and liberation. More specifically, I focus on the first goal, relying on the concept of care, theologically understood, as a hermeneutical framework for assessing the political milieu.
The Effects of Religious-Body Affirmations and Religious Commitment on Men's Body Esteem

Using a self-affirmation framework, this study tested whether religion buffered harmful media threats to men’s body esteem. It tested whether reading religious body-affirming statements or having a strong religious commitment protected men’s body esteem from media threats. It also tested whether religious commitment moderated the harmful media effects in the most threatened group (overweight men). Fifty-six men at a religious-affiliated college completed the religious commitment scale, demographic information, and body-esteem measures. Weeks later, they were randomly assigned to read either religious body-affirming statements, positive body-affirming statements, or control statements, after which they indicated their feelings, viewed lean muscular models, and answered body-esteem measures again. Results showed reading religious body-affirmations had no effect on changes in men’s body esteem. Religious commitment was positively related body esteem at Time 1 but not at Time 2, when media threats were present. In addition, as predicted, viewing muscular models was most threatening to heavy men, but religious commitment buffered this threat. Religiously committed overweight men were happier with their weight than less religiously committed overweight men, due in part to the former’s positive emotions. Results are discussed in relation to processing religious messages and self-affirmation processes.
Climbing Scheff’s Ladders

Thomas Scheff has dazzled readers for half a century, from his early work on labeling and mental illness, to path-breaking work on emotions, especially pride and shame, with applications along the way to literary texts, war and violence, pop songs, and more. Perhaps no sociologist since Goffman (subject of another of Scheff s books) has been so resolutely focused on and perceptive about the micro-level details of social interactions.
Routine human immunodeficiency virus testing: an economic evaluation of current guidelines.

Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling, testing, and referral for all patients in hospitals with an HIV prevalence of ≥1%. The 1% screening threshold has not been critically examined since HIV became effectively treatable in 1995. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical effect and cost-effectiveness of current guidelines and of alternate HIV prevalence thresholds. Methods We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis using a computer simulation model of HIV screening and disease as applied to inpatients in U.S. hospitals. Results At an undiagnosed inpatient HIV prevalence of 1% and an overall participation rate of 33%, HIV screening increased mean quality-adjusted life expectancy by 6.13 years per 1000 inpatients, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of $35 400 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Expansion of screening to settings with a prevalence as low as 0.1% increased the ratio to $64 500 per QALY gained. Increasing counseling and testing costs from $53 to $103 per person still yielded a cost-effectiveness ratio below $100 000 per QALY gained at a prevalence of undiagnosed infection of 0.1%. Conclusion Routine inpatient HIV screening programs are not only cost-effective but would likely remain so at a prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection 10 times lower than recommended thresholds. The current HIV counseling, testing, and referral guidelines should now be implemented nationwide as a way of linking infected patients to life-sustaining care.
Old is Gold: Integrating Older Workers in CSCW

The tradition of a worker who retires by age 65 is being replaced by a trend of longer periods of employment, leading people to believe that an aging workforce will be a major social transformation of this century. With the proliferation of collaborative tools in workplace settings, we posit that it is essential to address the unique characteristics of older workers when designing groupware. In this paper, we marshal literature from adult learning, training, and work to articulate the unique assets and competencies of older workers, notably: knowledge and experience, adeptness in social group dynamics, and finely tuned strategies for improving group performance and productivity grounded in prior experiences. Further, we argue that the CSCW community should leverage these opportunities to support the expanding older workforce with groupware. We describe a synthetic approach to study how we might best support older workers in workplace settings and outline design implications for CSCW.
Securing Mobile Devices with Biotelemetry

As the value of information placed on mobile devices increases, so does the risk that the information will be lost or stolen. In dire scenarios, such as soldiers on the battlefield, there is a tension between accessing critical information quickly and protecting that information from unauthorized viewers. Lightweight body sensors that detect and process physiological information can provide an unconventional means for simultaneously securing data on a mobile device and making pertinent health information available to authorized remote viewers. In this paper we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of our three-tier Secure Mobile Computing (SMC) system. Tier one consists of a physiological sensor (initially an electrocardiograph), microcontroller, and radio (initially Bluetooth) with the form factor of a bandage, collectively termed the "patch." The patch prototype collects and processes electrocardiograph (ECG) data and transmits the processed information over the wireless channel either continuously or periodically. The primary processing functionality, the heartbeat detection algorithm, has an average accuracy of over 99.5%. Tier two is the mobile device (e.g., cell phone, PDA, or laptop). SMC makes the utility of the mobile device dependent upon receipt of the patch's telemetry signal. SMC supports a number of programmable security policies that can either lock (e.g., encrypt) or erase data if the user is incapacitated or the mobile device loses proximity to the patch. Tier three is a web service that allows authorized viewers to view the sensor information remotely. We explore how SMC manages the interfaces between the tiers to implement security policies on the mobile device.
Error characterization in the vicinity of singularities in multi-robot cluster space control

The cluster space control technique promotes simplified specification and monitoring of the motion of mobile multi-robot systems of limited size. Previous work has established the conceptual foundation of this approach and has experimentally verified and validated its use for 2-robot, 3-robot and 4-robot systems, with varying implementations ranging from automated trajectory control to human-in-the-loop piloting. In this publication, we review the cluster space framework and its application to a 3-robot system and present the problem of robot space to cluster space error propagation and its impact on cluster position uncertainty and control performance. A theoretical formulation of cluster position error is presented. Using a 3-robot system testbed, the results are verified through experimental measurements. The cluster space Jacobian matrix condition number is proposed as a metric for acceptable cluster configuration errors.
Memory safety without runtime checks or garbage collection

Traditional approaches to enforcing memory safety of programs rely heavily on runtime checks of memory accesses and on garbage collection, both of which are unattractive for embedded applications. The long-term goal of our work is to enable 100% static enforcement of memory safety for embedded programs through advanced compiler techniques and minimal semantic restrictions on programs. The key result of this paper is a compiler technique that ensures memory safety of dynamically allocated memory without programmer annotations, runtime checks, or garbage collection, and works for a large subclass of type-safe C programs. The technique is based on a fully automatic pool allocation (i.e., region-inference) algorithm for C programs we developed previously, and it ensures safety of dynamically allocated memory while retaining explicit deallocation of individual objects within regions (to avoid garbage collection). For a diverse set of embedded C programs (and using a previous technique to avoid null pointer checks), we show that we are able to statically ensure the safety of pointer and dynamic memory usage in all these programs. We also describe some improvements over our previous work in static checking of array accesses. Overall, we achieve 100% static enforcement of memory safety without new language syntax for a significant subclass of embedded C programs, and the subclass is much broader if array bounds checks are ignored. Overall, these techniques greatly expand the class of embedded programs for which 100% static enforcement of memory safety is possible, and furthermore can be achieved without new language support.
Middle cerebral artery blood flow in the fetus and central nervous system complications in the neonate.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of blood flow (S/D) ratios in the fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) to predict the occurrence of central nervous system (CNS) complications (bleeding and/or ischemia) in the neonate, and compare MCA flow to other tests of fetal well-being. Study design: This was a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional clinical outcome study of high-risk patients, evaluated in the Perinatal Center of the author's institution, who underwent antenatal testing with non-stress test (NST) and Doppler studies (including studies of the fetal umbilical artery and MCA) within 1 week of delivery. MCA flow was converted to multiples of the mean, and appropriate parametric and non-parametric statistics were used to compare MCA flow to the presence or absence of CNS complications. Comparisons were also made for the other tests of fetal well-being. Results: CNS complications occurred only in infants who were delivered at less than 37 weeks of gestation (n = 14/131) and the analysis was limited...
Self-Driven Synchronous Rectification Scheme Without Undesired Gate-Voltage Discharge for DC-DC Converters With Symmetrically Driven Transformers

This paper proposes a new self-driven synchronous rectification scheme for dc-dc converters with symmetrically driven transformers and wide input voltage range. The driving signals are obtained from the output inductor. Two auxiliary switches are utilized to turn off the main switches properly. Two extra auxiliary switches, which are controlled by a delayed signal from the inductor, are added to avoid the undesired gate discharge. This approach can achieve high efficiency and is suitable for practical applications. Experimental results based on a 36-75 V input, 2.5 V/30 A output prototype are shown to verify the proposed scheme.
Targeted Disruption of the BCL9/β-Catenin Complex Inhibits Oncogenic Wnt Signaling

Deregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling underlies the pathogenesis of a broad range of human cancers, yet the development of targeted therapies to disrupt the resulting aberrant transcription has proved difficult because the pathway comprises large protein interaction surfaces and regulates many homeostatic functions. Therefore, we have directed our efforts toward blocking the interaction of β-catenin with B cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9), a co-activator for β-catenin–mediated transcription that is highly expressed in tumors but not in the cells of origin. BCL9 drives β-catenin signaling through direct binding mediated by its α-helical homology domain 2. We developed a stabilized α helix of BCL9 (SAH-BCL9), which we show targets β-catenin, dissociates native β-catenin/BCL9 complexes, selectively suppresses Wnt transcription, and exhibits mechanism-based antitumor effects. SAH-BCL9 also suppresses tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in mouse xenograft models of Colo320 colorectal carcinoma and INA-6 multiple myeloma. By inhibiting the BCL9–β-catenin interaction and selectively suppressing oncogenic Wnt transcription, SAH-BCL9 may serve as a prototype therapeutic agent for cancers driven by deregulated Wnt signaling.
The role of physician involvement in Latinas' mammography screening adherence.

Background: Disparities in breast cancer (BC) screening continue to affect Latinas significantly, but the factors that explain these disparities remain unclear. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether physician’s instruction on breast examination and mammography recommendations predicted Latinas’ adherence to mammography screening above and beyond other influential variables. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive design was utilized. Convenience and snowball sampling techniques were followed to recruit 344 Latinas aged 41 years and older from predominantly Latino neighborhoods in Denver, Colorado. Main Outcome Measures: Latinas’ adherence to mammography screening recommendations by the American Cancer Society. Results: Characteristics that were significantly associated with mammography adherence were age, Pap smear adherence, physician’s breast examination instructions, and physician’s mammography recommendations. Conclusion: The study provides evidence that the BC screening disparities that significantly affect Latinas can be addressed by increasing physician’s involvement through BC screening instruction and referral. Copyright 2011 by the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health. Published by Elsevier Inc.
A new analysis approach of beam waveguide antennas considering the presence of the enclosure

An analysis of BWG (beam waveguide) antennas that considers the presence of the wall is presented. The new BWG wall analysis is conceptually similar to the physical optics analysis used in reflector antenna analysis. The results of the wall analysis of a 34-m antenna (DSS 13 in the NASA/JPL deep space network) are discussed. The projected mirror diameter is approximately 2.4 m, or approximately 19 wavelengths at the analysis frequency of 2.295 GHz. Initial results reveal the potential for BWG antenna design improvement. It was found that there are only a few significant modes propagating between the two curved mirrors. It is noted that the greater accuracy of the wall analysis model at lower frequencies should enable more cost-effective designs of BWG antennas. >
DNA adducts of heterocyclic amine food mutagens: implications for mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.

The heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are a family of mutagenic/carcinogenic compounds produced during the pyrolysis of creatine, amino acids and proteins. The major subclass of HCAs found in the human diet comprise the aminoimidazoazaarenes (AIAs) 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). All, except DiMeIQx, have been shown to be carcinogenic in animals. These compounds are present in cooked muscle meats at the p.p.b. level. Since the discovery of the HCAs in the late 1970s, many studies have examined the DNA adducts of these compounds. This review compiles the literature on AIA-DNA adducts including their identification and characterization, pathways of formation, mutagenesis in vitro and in vivo, and their association with carcinogenesis in animal models. It is now known that metabolic activation leading to the formation of DNA adducts is critical for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of these compounds. All of the AIAs studied adduct to the guanine base, the major adduct being formed at the C8 position. Two AIAs, IQ and MeIQx, also form minor adducts at the N2 position of guanine. A growing body of literature has reported on the mutation spectra induced by AIA-guanine adducts. Studies of animal tumors induced by AIAs have begun to relate AIA-DNA adduct-induced mutagenic events with the mutations found in critical genes associated with oncogenesis. Several studies have demonstrated the feasibility of chemoprevention of AIA tumorigenesis. Only a few studies have reported on the detection of AIA-DNA adducts in human tissues; difficulties persist in the routine detection of AIA-DNA adducts in humans for the purpose of biomonitoring of exposure to AIAs. The AIAs are nevertheless regarded as possible human carcinogens, and future research on AIA-DNA adducts is likely to help address the role of AIAs in human cancer.
Small Business Inventory Expensing

Calvin H. Johnson is a professor of law at the University of Texas. The author wishes to thank Stephen Zeff and Michael Granof for helpful comments without binding them to conclusions with which they disagree. The President’s Economic Recovery Advisory Board (PERAB) recently recommended allowing small businesses to expense their inventory and exclude their customer receivables from tax. The PERAB proposals are a tax shelter or subsidy that are better than no tax. Investing with deducted or excluded funds is economically equivalent to an exemption of profit from tax, and when the interest deduction is taken into account, the result is a negative tax.Records to reflect inventory and receivables are easy to maintain and are getting cheaper with the availability of computerized accounting. Every business knows how much its customers owe it, and no business has lost money reflected in valuable inventory it still has on hand. The PERAB proposal is prone to abuse as dentists and lawyers seek shelter. Indeed it would always be open to abuse.The Shelf Project is a collaboration among tax professionals to develop proposals to raise revenue in the impending revenue crisis by defending the tax base. It is intended to raise revenue without a VAT or a rate increase in ways that will improve the fairness, efficiency, and rationality of the tax system. The Shelf Project ordinarily proposes amendments to close existing loopholes, and the PERAB proposal to allow expensing of inventory and deferral on receivables is a loophole. Blocking enactment of the PERAB proposal would prevent the revenue loss that the PERAB proposal would cause.An overview of the Shelf Project is found in ‘‘How to Raise $1 Trillion Without a VAT or a Rate Hike,’’ Tax Notes, July 5, 2010, p. 101, Doc 2010-13081, or 2010 TNT 129-4. Congress adopted its first Shelf Project in March 2010. New section 871(1), enacted in the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act, is based on the Shelf Project proposal by Reuven Avi-Yonah, ‘‘Enforcing DividendWithholding on Derivatives,’’ Tax Notes, Nov. 10, 2008, p. 747, Doc 2008-22806, or 2008 TNT 219-34. Shelf Project proposals follow the format of a congressional tax committee report in explaining current law, what is wrong with it, and how to fix it.
Nonlinear Effects in Microwave Circuits

This chapter contains sections titled: Nonlinear Effects Subharmonic and Parametric Oscillations Motorboating Oscillations Mixing Oscillations Coupling Capacitors and Bypass Capacitors This chapter contains sections titled: Exercises
Robust Detection of DNA Hypermethylation of ZNF154 as a Pan-Cancer Locus with in Silico Modeling for Blood-Based Diagnostic Development

Sites that display recurrent, aberrant DNA methylation in cancer represent potential biomarkers for screening and diagnostics. Previously, we identified hypermethylation at the ZNF154 CpG island in 15 solid epithelial tumor types from 13 different organs. In this study, we measure the magnitude and pattern of differential methylation of this region across colon, lung, breast, stomach, and endometrial tumor samples using next-generation bisulfite amplicon sequencing. We found that all tumor types and subtypes are hypermethylated at this locus compared with normal tissue. To evaluate this site as a possible pan-cancer marker, we compare the ability of several sequence analysis methods to distinguish the five tumor types (184 tumor samples) from normal tissue samples (n = 34). The classification performance for the strongest method, measured by the area under (the receiver operating characteristic) curve (AUC), is 0.96, close to a perfect value of 1. Furthermore, in a computational simulation of circulating tumor DNA, we were able to detect limited amounts of tumor DNA diluted with normal DNA: 1% tumor DNA in 99% normal DNA yields AUCs of up to 0.79. Our findings suggest that hypermethylation of the ZNF154 CpG island is a relevant biomarker for identifying solid tumor DNA and may have utility as a generalizable biomarker for circulating tumor DNA.
A Macro Approach to the Asset Price for Principles

Perhaps because of the prolonged stock market boom of the 1990's most macro principles textbooks have increased their coverage of the stock market, but there is very little analysis of how the economy affects the stock market. The present paper suggests a "GDP demand-side" approach to predicting asset prices, which treats changes in GDP, the price level, money supply, and many other parameters, as comparative static exercises. The major conclusions are that (1) changes in asset prices may substitute for changes in GDP when the economy experiences shocks, (2) many "Monday morning quarterback" analyses of stock price trends are flawed because they assume an effect that works through GDP, and (3) normally asset prices increase because GDP increases.
Permanent prostate brachytherapy monotherapy with I-125 for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer: Outcomes in 974 patients

Abstract Purpose To report outcomes of patients undergoing low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy and investigate factors associated with biochemical failure and survival. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing LDR with I-125 at our institution between 1998 through 2013 for primary intact prostate cancer were examined. Those with low- and intermediate-risk disease receiving LDR with a minimum of 2 years followup and at least one post-LDR prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were included. Results About 974 patients satisfied inclusion criteria. With median followup of 72 months, biochemical failure occurred in 45 patients. Freedom from biochemical failure as defined by the Phoenix criterion was 96% and 88% at 5 and 10 years, worse for intermediate risk as compared with low risk, with 10-year freedom from biochemical failure of 76% versus 92% (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.7, p Conclusions LDR brachytherapy provided excellent outcomes in this large series of patients treated for localized organ-confined prostate cancer. Local recurrence at 10 years was low at 2.1%. Primary Gleason 4 + 3, higher pretreatment PSA, and no receipt of androgen deprivation therapy were the only factors associated with biochemical failure. Primary Gleason 4 disease was also predictive of distant metastases and decreased prostate cancer–specific survival.
Impact Ionization, Degradation, and Breakdown in SiO2

Destructive breakdown in silicon dioxide is shown to be strongly correlated to the oxide degradation caused by hot-electron-induced defect production and charge trapping ner the interfaces of the films. Two well defined transitions in the chargc-to-breakdown data as a function of field and oxide thickness are shown to coincide with the onset of mechanisms due to trap creation and impact ionization by electrons with energies exceeding 2 and 9 eV (the SiO2 bandgap energy), respectively. The temperature dependence of charge-to-breakdown is also shown to be consistent with that of these two defect-producing mechanisms.
Simplex Elements Stochastic Collocation for Uncertainty Propagation in Robust Design Optimization

Robust design optimization has become essential to make high–performance aerospace designs insensitive to uncertainties in the environment and the design parameters. The uncertainty propagation step is often computationally the most intensive in this process, which limits the number of uncertainties that can be taken into account. In this paper, a Simplex Elements Stochastic Collocation (SESC) uncertainty propagation method is developed that matches the robustness of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and that achieves a constant order of convergence O with an increasing number of uncertainties, which is larger than the O = 1
Neutralization of the Virus of St. Louis Encephalitis by Serum from Children

In the late summer and fall of 1937 there occurred in St. Louis a number of cases of acute encephalitis. Virus recovered from the brains of persons dying from this disease1*2 was found to be identical with the infectious agent responsible for the epidemic of 1933.3 It has been pointed out (1) that the virus had not been isolated in the inter-epidemic period. The characteristics of the disease in 1937 were similar to those of the earlier epidemic; however, the number of cases of encephalitis among children was greater in this outbreak. The differentiation of St. Louis encephalitis from other diseases of the central nervous system during the period under consideration was complicated by a concurrent increase in the number of cases of poliomyelitis. In an attempt to establish definite diagnoses in individual cases a number of serums from children were tested for the presence of antibodies against the virus of St. Louis encephalitis.
Quadriceps Strength Predicts Self-reported Function Post-ACL Reconstruction.

ABSTRACTIntroduction/PurposeQuadriceps strength is a useful clinical predictor of self-reported function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, it remains unknown if quadriceps strength normalized to body mass (QBM) or quadriceps strength limb symmetry index (QLSI) is the b
Memory Interface Design for Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC)

Low-power and high-bandwidth communication can be established with TSV (through-silicon via) based Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC). This paper will describe a >1Tb/s bandwidth, sub 5 pJ/bit HMC memory interface fabricated using Micron 3-metal 3x nm CMOS technology. Design considerations and implementations for energy efficient I/O circuits, including TSV driver, sense-amp receiver and clocking strategy will be explored and discussed in detail. More than 10X of performance improvement can be achieved using the proposed technology.
Abnormal Vibration Analysis and Treatment for 135MW Turbo Generator Unit

During the start up of Unit 5 after maintenance in Linyi power plant,the vibration of the rear bearing of generator appeared to be abnormal and above 330μm.This paper introduced the phenomenon and characteristic of vibration and the treatment process.By testing and analyzing in the field,the main cause leading to abnormal axial vibration was diagnosed to be the degradation of dynamic stiffness of bearing,which is caused by local pedestal looseness.The practicable measure was taken and the abnormal axial vibration was effectively eliminated. Consequently the safety operation of power station was guaranteed.
The Design and Simulation on Knapsack Hydraulic Power Station

A functional analysis on the hydraulic power station was carried out.Based on idea and concept of modular design,A new knapsack hydraulic power station was designed.The simulation model of the hydraulic system by using the dynamic simulation tool Simulink has been based on the power bond graph method.Simulation results show that the knapsack hydraulic power station designed to meet the design requirements.
N-DEALKYLATION IN THE CNS: EFFECT OF TOLERANCE AND OPIATE ANTAGONISTS

Brain microsomes obtained from rats subjected to a single injection of a pharmacological dose of morphine exhibited a marked increase in the N-demethylation of radiolabelled morphine. Brain microsomes from morphine tolerant rats failed to exhibit this increase indicating that tolerance had developed to the morphine effect. The induction of the N-demethylase enzyme by morphine was completely antagonized by coadministration of naloxone showing the effect was opiate specific. These results further support the concept that N-demethylation in CNS target sites is involved in opiate activity.
The Mathematical Arsenal of Super-resolution Microscopy

Beating the classical diffraction limit requires a combination of physical/chemical and mathematical tools. We present math methods ranging from PSF design to signal estimation, including compressive data collection and phase retrieval for precise modeling. Article not available.
Controlling statics and dynamics of colloids by photo-patterned liquid crystals(Conference Presentation)

Transport of fluids and particles at the microscale is an important theme both in fundamental and applied science. We demonstrate how an advanced approach to photo-induced alignment of liquid crystals can be used to generate nonlinear electrokinetics. The photoalignment technique is based on irradiation of a photosensitive substrate with light through nanoaperture arrays in metal films. The resulting pattern of surface alignment induces predesigned 2D and 3D distortions of local molecular orientation. In presence of a static electric field, these distortions generate spatial charge and drive electrokinetic flows of the new type, in which the velocities depend on the square of the applied electric field. The patterned liquid crystal electrolyte converts the electric energy into the flows and transport of embedded particles of any type (fluid, solid, gaseous) along a predesigned trajectory, posing no limitation on the electric nature (charge, polarizability) of these particles and interfaces. The patterned liquid crystal electrolyte induces persistent vortices of controllable rotation speed and direction that are quintessential for micro- and nanoscale mixing applications.
Pharmacological and immunological targeting of tumor mesenchymalization

Controlling the spread of carcinoma cells to distant organs is the foremost challenge in cancer treatment, as metastatic disease is generally resistant to therapy and is ultimately incurable for the majority of patients. The plasticity of tumor cell phenotype, in which the behaviors and functions of individual tumor cells differ markedly depending upon intrinsic and extrinsic factors, is now known to be a central mechanism in cancer progression. Our expanding knowledge of epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypic states in tumor cells, and the dynamic nature of the transitions between these phenotypes has created new opportunities to intervene to better control the behavior of tumor cells. There are now a variety of innovative pharmacological approaches to preferentially target tumor cells that have acquired mesenchymal features, including cytotoxic agents that directly kill these cells, and inhibitors that block or revert the process of mesenchymalization. Furthermore, novel immunological strategies have been developed to engage the immune system in seeking out and destroying mesenchymalized tumor cells. This review highlights the relevance of phenotypic plasticity in tumor biology, and discusses recently developed pharmacological and immunological means of targeting this phenomenon.