cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of the subendometrial vascularization flow index by three-dimensional ultrasound may be useful for predicting the pregnancy rate for patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

Abstract Objective To obtain quantitative data on endometrial volume and subendometrial blood flow by three-dimensional ultrasound clue to endometrial receptivity. Design A prospective, nonrandomized clinical study. Setting One tertiary center for assisted reproduction. Patient(s) Fifty-four patients aged Intervention(s) Ultrasound evaluation was performed for all patients with 3-D facility by a single operator on the day of hCG administration. Main outcome measure(s) Ultrasonographic parameters and conception rates. Result(s) Subendometrial vascularization flow index (VFI) in predicting the pregnancy rate of IVF was superior to that using vascularization index, flow index, or endometrial volume in the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. The best prediction rate was achieved by a VFI cutoff value of >0.24. Conclusion(s) The detection of subendometrial blood flow by 3-D power Doppler ultrasound may be a useful ultrasound parameter in the prediction of pregnancy rate of IVF, especially subendometrial VFI.
Eikonal approximation and the spreading of a wave packet

Standard eikonal methods, as asymptotic perturbation expansions in 1/\ensuremath{\Elzxh}, are incapable of describing fully the dispersive spreading of a wave packet. By simple models, we distinguish the two types of dispersion associated with a packet having initially uniform and nonuniform distributions of wave number. A nonperturbative extension of the eikonal approximation is applied to two initial-value problems for the free-particle Schr\"odinger equation and compared with exact solutions. The method maintains the ray picture fully. Applications of the method to more general classes of problems are discussed.
Idebenone attenuates neuronal degeneration induced by intrastriatal injection of excitotoxins

Previous studies with the N18-RE-105 neuronal-like cell line and primary cortical cultures demonstrate that glutamate can produce a calcium-dependent, delayed form of neuronal degeneration that results from its competitive inhibition of cystine transport, which leads to cellular glutathione depletion and death by oxidative stress. Idebenone, a centrally active antioxidant used to treat multiinfarct dementia, protects cells from this form of glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. In the present study, we have examined the effects of systemic treatment with idebenone on the neurotoxic consequences of intrastriatal injection of kainic acid, quisqualic acid, or quinolinic acid, and NMDA receptor agonist, on neuronal degeneration. Striatal damage was assessed by quantitative neurochemistry with measurement of choline acetyltransferase activity and glutamate decarboxylase activity, by histochemical analysis for acetylcholinesterase and NADPH diaphorase staining and by behavioral assessment of circling produced by systemic apomorphine treatment 10 days after the unilateral lesion. The results indicate that treatment with idebenone provides significant protection against the neuronal degeneration induced by intrastriatal injection of kainic acid and quisqualic acid, but not the NMDA receptor agonist, quinolinic acid. The results suggest that oxidative stress may contribute to the proximate cause of neuronal degeneration induced by quisqualate and by kainate receptor agonists and that the mechanisms of neuronal degeneration caused by quisqualate/kainate receptor agonists differ from those associated with NMDA receptor agonists.
Persephone today: Use of dreams imagery, and myth in the treatment of raped women

Therapists today are seeing an increasing number of victims of rape. The article deals with the on-going psychotherapy of raped women; the impact the presenting problem has on both client and therapist; and some ways forms of imagery. The meaning of the myth is explored within the context of the author's experience with these women.
Evidence for Oceanic Frontogenesis off Oregon

Bathythermograms recorded off Newport, Oregon, show marked positive gradients during the period of cessation of summer upwelling. It is suggested that these are related to the formation of a shear zone or "front" between oceanic water and shelf water that has been exposed to the surface and modified.
Flexible docking of peptides to class I major-histocompatibility-complex receptors.

Abstract We present a new method for docking flexible peptides to class I Major-Histocompatibility-Complex (MHC) receptors. Docking is performed in two steps: (a) The charged terminal peptide residues are located by randomly distributing multiple copies of each in volumes of ≈ 150 A 3 at either end of the binding groove, and then minimizing the system energy using a modified multiple-copy search algorithm. This is followed by (b) bonstruction of the intervening chain using the multiple-copy bond-scaling-relaxation loop closure algorithm. In both steps, the copies tend to cluster and the size of the resulting clusters is proportional to the basin of attraction of the corresponding energy well. We show that native MHC-bound peptides have broad minima and, consequently, that misfolded, low-energy peptide conformations can be eliminated by restricting consideration to groups of peptides which cluster into broad minima. The accuracy of the method is assessed by comparing the predictions with crystallographic data for three different MHC peptide systems, at various degrees of stringency: (a) the extent to which we can determine side chain function (anchor vs. T-cell epitopes); (b) the extent to which we can determine the peptide-receptor orientation; and (c) the accuracy with which we can predict atomic coordinates. We find the method correct on (a) for 19 of the 22 non-Gly positions; the failures appearing to be a consequence of omitting solvation. Predictions related to (b) are also very encouraging, with the overall orientation of the predicted peptides being very similar to the crystal conformation, when measured by the hydrogen bonding pattern between the two. The degree of success in predicting atomic coordinates varied considerably, however, from 1.4 A for the HLA-A2 peptide to 2.7 A for the K b peptide. The inaccuracy of the latter appears to reflect an incomplete target function, most likely the ommission of solvation. The calculations thus define the current limits of accuracy in docking flexible peptides to Class I receptors and identify the methodological improvements that must be made for the next advance in accuracy.
Residential homes for the elderly — Which are the safest?

An account of a one-year study of the incidence of home accident injuries needing referral to Accident and Emergency Department in the residents of Wolverhampton Metropolitan Borough Council's homes for the elderly. The epidemiology of these accidents was analysed, and it was found that a large percentage of them occurred in bedrooms. The incidence of accidents, including those causing fractures was highest in the modern, purpose-built homes of unitary design. These homes had a relatively high percentage of high-dependency residents, and it was thought that selection of residents played the main part in their adverse accident experience. In contrast, relatively few accidents occurred in the non-purpose built homes, which were converted from large dwellings. The prospects for prevention are discussed.
Interactions of cytokines, growth factors, and the extracellular matrix in the cellular biology of uterine leiomyomata

Abstract Objective: To review the available information regarding the role of cytokines, growth factors, and the extracellular matrix in the pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomata and to integrate this information in a suggested model of disease at the cellular level. Design: A thorough literature and MEDLINE search was conducted to identify the relevant studies in the English literature published between January, 1966 and October, 2001. A model of disease at the cellular level was developed using the most likely cytokines to be involved in the pathogenesis of leiomyomata as determined by our assessment of the available literature. Result(s): A number of cytokines and growth factors, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2, prolactin, parathyroid-hormone-related peptide, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-8, and endothelin, have been investigated in myometrium and leiomyoma. Among these cytokines, TGF-β appears to be the only growth factor that has been shown to be overexpressed in leiomyoma vs. myometrium, be hormonally-regulated both in vivo and in vitro, and be both mitogenic and fibrogenic in these tissues. In addition to the cytokines, extracellular matrix components such as collagen, fibronectin, proteoglycans, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases seem to play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of leiomyomata. Conclusion(s): We believe that, given the extent and depth of the current research on the cellular biology of leiomyomata, the cellular mechanisms responsible in the pathogenesis of leiomyomata will be identified clearly within the foreseeable future. This will enable researchers to develop therapy directed against the molecules and mechanisms at the cellular level.
Parafusin is a membrane and vesicle associated protein that cycles at exocytosis

In the unicellular eukaryote Paramecium tetraurelia, stimulation of exocytosis leads to Ca2+ activation of an alpha Glc-1-phosphodiesterase that dephosphoglucosylates the phosphoglycoprotein parafusin (PFUS). This process fails in exo mutant nd9 and also in the absence of Ca2+ influx upon stimulation suggesting that PFUS dephosphoglucosylation may be causally related to exocytosis. To further corroborate the hypothesis that PFUS is involved in the molecular events in exocytosis, we used laser confocal scanning microscopy and a PFUS specific peptide antibody to perform localization studies of PFUS in wild type (wt) and mutant Paramecium. In unstimulated wt cells, PFUS was associated both with the exocytic site of the cell membrane and with the membrane of the dense core secretory vesicles. Localization at these two sites was shown to be independent of each other since the exocytosis mutant (exo-) tam8, in which docking of its vesicles is blocked, still showed cell membrane staining. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting of isolated intact secretory vesicles also revealed PFUS association. Upon stimulation of exocytosis, PFUS dissociated from both the dense core secretory vesicles and the cell membrane in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. During recovery of exocytic capacity, PFUS reassociated with the newly formed secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm prior to their docking at the exocytic sites. Immunoblot analysis of PFUS during this time showed no changes in levels of the protein. Stimulation of exocytosis in wt in Mg2+ buffer or in the exo- temperature sensitive mutant (nd9) at the non-permissive temperature did not lead to dissociation of the PFUS. We conclude that PFUS is a novel critical component whose cycling probably participates in the molecular exocytic fusion machinery in these cells.
Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Hydroxylation of Hydrocarbons: Kinetic Deuterium Isotope Effects for the Hydroxylation of an Ultrafast Radical Clock

The ultrafast radical clock probe trans-1-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane (1CH3) and its mono-, di-, and trideuteriomethyl analogues were oxidized by phenobarbital-induced rat liver microsomal enzymes. This cytochrome P450-catalyzed hydroxylation of 1CH3 gave three products: the alcohol trans-(2-phenylcyclopropyl)methanol (2), the rearranged alcohol 1-phenylbut-3-en-1-ol (3), and the phenol trans-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclopropane (4). The identification of both the unrearranged and rearranged products of oxidation, 2 and 3, is consistent with the formation of a radical intermediate via a hydrogen atom abstraction from the methyl group by the catalytically active iron-oxo center. Hydroxylation of three deuteriomethyl forms of 1CH3 produced the analogous deuterated products, although in different amounts of each. Perdeuteration of the methyl group (1CD3) disfavored oxidation at the methyl group and caused an increase in the oxidation of the phenyl ring (metabolic switching). By comparing the amounts of alcohols and phenol formed from the individual, noncompetitive oxidation of 1CH3 and 1CD3 the overall (i.e., combined primary and secondary) deuterium kinetic isotope effect (DKIE) was found to be 12.5. Intramolecular DKIEs for 1CHD2 and 1CH2D were 2.9 and 13.2, respectively. From these results, the primary and secondary DKIEs were calculated to be 7.87 and 1.26, respectively, values that indicate that there is extensive C--H bond stretching in the transition state for the rate-controlling step in P450-catalyzed hydroxylation of 1CH3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Jupiter Underwritten: Melville's Unsafe Home

Eric Wertheimer, ““Jupiter Underwritten: Melville's Unsafe Home”” (pp.176––201) Taking Herman Melville's short story ““The Lighting-Rod Man”” (1854) as my interpretive reference point, in this essay I seek to understand how the idea of accidental loss was critical to the unfolding of Melville's career as a writer. The story manages to satirize commercial language as well as the discourses of safety and insurance underwriting that were part of Melville's bitter experience with his own property——whether as a homeowner or author. Moreover, the thematics of safety are discussed in the contexts of the legal and philosophical currents within the historical period, showing how Melville participates in a response to modernity that was uniquely centered on a critique of language.
Immunization with killed Escherichia coli increases resistance of lipopolysaccharide-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice to experimental urinary tract infection

C3H/HeJ mice are highly susceptible to experimental ascending urinary tract infection. After a 4-week intraperitoneal immunization regimen with killed Escherichia coli, these mice became more resistant to urinary tract infection. The level of resistance induced by this regimen in this strain was similar to that of the normally more resistant C3HeB/FeJ strain of mouse and was evident from 3 to 14 days after transurethral challenge with E. coli. Increased resistance also developed after a 2- or 3-week immunization regimen, but this resistance was not apparent until 14 days after challenge.
An effect of context on free recall of categorized words

The effects of context on the learning of specific items in a list was studied by embedding 15 words from three categories in lists containing 15 additional items from the same three categories. These additional items were either high- or low-level associates to the category names. p]A three-trial study, using 48 college students, showed enhanced recall on Trials 1 and 2 of experimental words when embedded in the list containing words of low associative level. The results were interpreted as evidence for a contextual dependency view of item learning and a result of the effects of a limited processing capacity.
Factors affecting survival after palliative resection of colorectal carcinoma

Objective To determine the factors affecting survival following palliative large bowel resection for colorectal adenocarcinoma. Patients and method From the Colorectal Cancer Database of a single institution patients who had a palliative resection of a colorectal cancer from 1980 to 1993 inclusive were identified. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Criteria studied were sex, age at operation, site of tumour, T, N and M status, tumour differentiation, involvement of tumour margins, tumour fixity and the presence or absence of peritoneal, liver or distant metastases. Multivariate analysis of factors was conducted using Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results Three hundred and seventy-seven patients (232 men, 145 women, median age 64 years) fitted the above criteria. Operative mortality was 5.6%. Crude 6 month survival rate was 71.1% and median survival 10.5 months. Significant factors affecting survival on univariate analysis were – Age ( 75 years) (P=0.019); T status (T1/T2 vs. T3/T4) (P=0.039); nodal status (N0 vs. N1/N2) (P=0.0059); distant metastases (P=0.039) or liver metastases (P=0.0058); tumour differentiation (poor vs. moderate/well differentiated) (P < 0.001); involved tumour margins (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis found the following factors significant: age (P=0.02), liver metastases (P=0.05), distant metastases (P=0.044), T status (P=0.042), nodal status (P=0.0063), tumour differentiation (P < 0.001) and involvement of tumour margins (P < 0.001). Conclusions The data suggest that palliative resection of advanced colorectal carcinoma should be considered carefully in patients with advanced age, where distant metastases are present and in cases when primary tumours can not be completely resected. For the remaining patients, palliative resection may be accomplished with acceptable operative mortality and postoperative survival.
Medial temporal lobe damage impairs representation of simple stimuli

Medial temporal lobe damage in humans is typically thought to produce a circumscribed impairment in the acquisition of new enduring memories, but recent reports have documented deficits even in short-term maintenance. We examined possible maintenance deficits in a population of medial temporal lobe amnesics, with the goal of characterizing their impairments as either representational drift or outright loss of representation over time. Patients and healthy comparisons performed a visual search task in which the similarity of various lures to a target was varied parametrically. Stimuli were simple shapes varying along one of several visual dimensions. The task was performed in two conditions, one presenting a sample target simultaneously with the search array and the other imposing a delay between sample and array. Eye-movement data collected during search revealed that the duration of fixations to items varied with lure-target similarity for all participants, i.e., fixations were longer for items more similar to the target. In the simultaneous condition, patients and comparisons exhibited an equivalent effect of similarity on fixation durations. However, imposing a delay modulated the effect differently for the two groups: in comparisons, fixation duration to similar items was exaggerated; in patients, the original effect was diminished. These findings indicate that medial temporal lobe lesions subtly impair short-term maintenance of even simple stimuli, with performance reflecting not the complete loss of the maintained representation but rather a degradation or progressive drift of the representation over time.
Guns, Society, and Medicine

Given the 96 incidents of firearm violence on school campuses since Sandy Hook and the ongoing toll on lives and health, the lack of relevant data and a research pipeline in this area should be anathema to all physicians.
The Effect of Heliox on Nebulizer Function Using a β-Agonist Bronchodilator

Objective To evaluate nebulizer performance when heliox was used to power the nebulizer. Methods Conventional and continuous nebulizer designs were evaluated. The conventional nebulizer was used with 5 mg albuterol and flows of 8 L/min air, 8 L/min heliox, and 11 L/min heliox; it was also used with 10 mg albuterol and a heliox flow of 8 L/min. The continuous nebulizer was set to deliver 10 mg of albuterol over 40 min at flows of 2 L/min air, 2 L/min heliox, and 3 L/min heliox; it was also used with 20 mg albuterol and a heliox flow of 2 L/min. A cotton plug at the nebulizer mouthpiece was used to trap aerosol during simulated spontaneous breathing. The amount of albuterol deposited on the cotton plug was determined spectrophotometrically. Particle size was determined using an 11-stage cascade impactor. Results For both nebulizer designs, particle size and inhaled mass of albuterol decreased significantly (p Conclusions The use of heliox to power a nebulizer affects both the inhaled mass of medication and the size of the aerosol particles. The flow to power the nebulizer should be increased when heliox is used.
Visualization using rational morphology and magnitude reduction II

Morphological filters are investigated and employed for detecting and visualizing objects within an image. The techniques developed here will be employed on NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite data products for the purpose of anomaly detection. Previous efforts have shown the phase information in the spectral domain to be more significant than the magnitude information in representing the location of objects in an image. The magnitude information does provide some useful information for object location, but it is also sensitive to image illumination, blurring, and magnification variations, all of which influence the performance of object detection algorithms. Magnitude reduction techniques in the spectral domain can dramatically improve subsequent object detection methods by causing them to rely less on the magnitude and more on the phase information of the image. We propose three new improvements to our object enhancement and detection techniques. Our first method is an enhancement to our previous magnitude-reduction technique. Our second improvement is a modification of our Rational Morphological Filters in which we raise our resulting image to a power, thereby magnifying our feature detection capability. Third, we look at speed enhancement by utilizing Hartley and Walsh Transforms in place of classical Fourier techniques.
The adsorption of NO2 on (9,0) and (10,0) carbon nanotubes

Abstract On the basis of calculations, the physisorption of NO2, N2O4, and NO3 are estimated to be 5 ± 2, 12 ± 3, and 9 ± 3 kcal/mol, respectively. The chemisorption energy of two NO2 molecules on (9,0) and (10,0) tubes is computed to be 16 and 8 kcal/mol, respectively, while the chemisorption of two NO3 molecules is much more exothermic. The implication of these binding energies on the sensor mechanism of carbon nanotubes is discussed.
Some Estimates of Returns to Scale in the Telephone Industry

By estimating production functions from statistical data on the telephone industry, it is possible to calculate coefficients that indicate probable levels of returns to scale. Two different production functions are employed, later suitably modified to take account of technological change, and input requirements functions are calculated. An attempt is made to describe average cost curves. The regressions are based on FCC data for the Bell System and the United States Independent Telephone Association (USITA) data for independents. The investigation concludes that what appear to have been important and increasing returns to scale in the Bell System over the period 1946-1970, were largely the result of technological improvement. The vast differences in average plant and value-added size between Bell operating companies and USITA companies are not reflected in comparable differences in returns to scale.
Meniscal position on routine MR imaging of the knee.

Objective. To determine the prevalence of meniscal protrusion (i.e. location of the outer edge of a meniscus beyond the tibial articular surface), and to determine its relationship with internal derangement, joint effusion, and degenerative arthropathy. Design and patients. Sagittal and coronal MR images of 111 abnormal and 46 normal knees were evaluated for the presence of meniscal protrusion. We set 25% as the minimum amount of displacement considered abnormal because this was the smallest amount of displacement we could confidently discern. Presence of meniscal tear, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, joint effusion, or osteophytosis was also recorded. Results and conclusion. Normal examinations demonstrated protrusion of the medial meniscus in 6.5% of sagittal images and 15% of coronal images, and of the lateral meniscus in 2% and 13%, respectively. Fisher’s exact test demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the normal and abnormal groups for the medial meniscus on both sagittal (P 0.2). A protruding medial meniscus was associated with effusion and osteophytosis (P 0.1). Posterior protrusion of the lateral meniscus was only associated with ACL injury (P<0.0001); protruding anterior horns and bodies of lateral menisci were not associated with any of the four abnormalities. It is concluded that the medial meniscus may occasionally protrude more than 25% of its width, but protrusion is more often due to effusion and osteophytes. Protrusion of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus is associated with ACL insufficiency, while protrusion of the body and anterior horn of the lateral meniscus is a normal variant.
Analyzing visual layout for a non-visual presentation-document interface

Presentation documents play important roles in many fields, such as business and education. The principal purpose of presentation documents is to convey information visually, so recognizing the visual layout is essential for understanding those documents. However it is inherently difficult for the blind people to recognize a visual layout, because there are numerous types of charts in presentation documents. As the first step to solve such problems, this study focuses on diagrams in which objects or groups of objects are bound by arrows. Such diagrams usually show relationships among the objects. If such relationships could be recognized by screen readers, it would make them accessible. However, the presentation authoring applications do not have functions for embedding these relationships among objects. Therefore this paper proposes a visual analysis method for diagram structure in presentation documents to automatically create metadata. It generates metadata which describes the relationships of objects, and the source-destination relationships of arrows. Then a novel interface utilizing the metadata was prototyped to present the visual structure of presentation documents in a tree view. This allows blind users to understand presentation documents easily, because it represents the visual structure that current screen readers cannot expose. In addition, they are familiar with the tree view interface, so they can use it without training. Finally, an evaluation shows that our method for automatically creating the metadata can be applied to various types of diagrams in presentation documents.
Writing Up Qualitative Research

What makes a good qualitative research report? There is no simple answer as qualitative research is not a single, unified tradition (Riessman, 1994). Qualitative research includes a wide range of philosophies, research purposes, intended audiences, methods, and reporting styles (Denzin & Lincoln, 1994; Drisko, 1997; Greene, 1994). This wide range of legitimate purposes is simultaneously a source of strength and a source of confusion. Yet the qualitative research report must always tell the story of the project, richly convey the views of others, and detail implications. To help guide researchers, this article provides some orientation regarding writing up qualitative research. First, some general issues are addressed. Next, three key areas that undermine the overall quality of qualitative research reports are identified. Finally, an outline of areas to consider is offered with more specific suggestions for qualitative researchers as authors.
Short-time rapid thermal annealing processes for periodically domain-inverted structures with nearly straight domain walls in proton-exchanged LiTaO3

Short-period domain inverted gratings with considerable inversion depth can be formed on the -z face of LiTaO3 by proton exchange in benzoic rather than pyrophosphoric acid followed by rapid thermal annealing at temperatures around 540 - 610 degree(s)C. This procedure allows the fabrication and characterization of first- second-, and third-order domain- inverted gratings for quasi-phase-matching blue-light generation. Annealing for extremely short time (approximately 6 - 12 s) is crucial for achieving domain-inverted structures with near-straight domain walls and least lateral expansion. Lateral domain expansion can be effectively suppressed by pre-annealing at low temperatures (<EQ 480 degree(s)C) combined with short-time (approximately 5 s) annealing at high temperatures (approximately 600 degree(s)C) allowing to fabricate short-period (approximately 3.7 micrometers ) domain- inverted structures. The mechanism of this pre-annealing process is discussed in relation to the inside-field model proposed by Yamamoto et al. Second-harmonic generation of blue light has been demonstrated in a quasi-phase matching planar waveguide fabricated by short-time rapid thermal annealing. The measured normalized conversion efficiency confirms that good domain-inverted structures have been formed.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Expression of trisomic proteins in Down syndrome model systems

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic aberration leading to intellectual disability. DS results from an extra copy of the long arm of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) and the increased expression of trisomic genes due to gene dosage. While expression in DS and DS models has been studied extensively at the RNA level, much less is known about expression of trisomic genes at the protein level. We have used quantitative Western blotting with antibodies to 20 proteins encoded by HSA21 to assess trisomic protein expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from patients with DS and in brains from two mouse models of DS. These antibodies have recently become available and the 20 proteins largely have not been investigated previously for their potential contributions to the phenotypic features of DS. Twelve proteins had detectable expression in LCLs and three, CCT8, MX1 and PWP2, showed elevated levels in LCLs derived from patients with DS compared with controls. Antibodies against 15 proteins detected bands of appropriate sizes in lysates from mouse brain cortex. Genes for 12 of these proteins are trisomic in the Tc1 mouse model of DS, but only SIM2 and ZNF295 showed elevated expression in Tc1 cortex when compared with controls. Genes for eight of the 15 proteins are trisomic in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS, but only ZNF294 was over expressed in cortex. Comparison of trisomic gene expression at the protein level with previous reports at the mRNA level showed many inconsistencies. These may be caused by natural inter-individual variability, differences in the age of mice analyzed, or post-transcriptional regulation of gene dosage effects. These antibodies provide resources for further investigation of the molecular basis of intellectual disability in DS.
Fibrinolytic treatment of residual thrombus after catheter embolectomy for severe lower limb ischemia.

Abstract Intraoperative intraarterial fibrinolytic therapy (IIFT) was employed in 28 patients with acute limb ischemia. In 17 patients, significant residual calf thrombus was demonstrated by completion arteriography after standard balloon catheter thromboembolectomy, whereas in 11, pretreatment arteriography was not obtained. With the patient systemically heparinized, a bolus of fibrinolytic agent was instilled into the distal vessels below an inflow occlusion clamp. Among the 17 patients under angiographic control, arteriography was repeated after 30 minutes and a second bolus was injected if significant residual thrombus was still present. Successful lysis was achieved in 88% of these 17 limbs and streptokinase (SK) and urokinase (UK) were equally effective. The dosage of SK varied between 50,000 and 150,000 units (seven patients) and of UK between 35,000 and 150,000 units (21 patients). Serum fibrinogen levels declined significantly after IIFT ( t test; p 2 ; p
A Design Scheme of Energy Management System for Low-Carbon Community in Smart Grid Environment

Using double-network, double-machine technology, the hardware framework of the energy management system is designed. The software framework scheme is proposed according to different layers. By designing graph, report, alarm, database management, man-machine interface and privilege subsystems on supporting platform, various services are presented. The proposed energy management system integrated many automation systems, such as Distribution Automation system, Advanced Metering Infrastructure and so on. The senior application functions of the energy management system are introduced. Adopting smart grid technology, the proposed scheme provides a new solution to better manage, use, save and monitor energy especially renewable energy. Because of its obvious advantages in enhancing energy efficiency, the introduced energy management system is expected to be widely used in low-carbon community.
The Improved Hybrid Discretization Model for the Discrete Topology Optimization of Compliant Mechanisms

In the discrete topology optimization, material state is either solid or void and there is no topology uncertainty problem caused by any intermediate material state. In this paper, the improved hybrid discretization model is introduced for the discrete topology optimization of compliant mechanisms. The design domain is discretized into quadrilateral design cells and each quadrilateral design cell is further subdivided into triangular analysis cells. The dangling and redundant solid design cells are removed from topology solutions in the improved hybrid discretization model to promote the material utilization. To make the designed compliant mechanisms safe, the local stress constraint is directly imposed on each triangular analysis cell. To circumvent the geometrical bias against the vertical design cells, the binary bit-array genetic algorithm is used to search for the optimal topology. Two topology optimization examples of compliant mechanisms are solved based on the proposed improved hybrid discretization model to verify its effectiveness.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Editing misleading information from memory: evidence for the coexistence of original and postevent information

When misleading postevent information biases one’s memory for an event, what is the fate of the original, accurate information? One possibility is that the new information and the original information coexist in memory, but that the former is simply more accessible. A second hypothesis suggests that the new information replaces the old, and memory is irreversibly altered. Using various retrieval techniques, Loftus and her associates (Greene, Flynn, & Loftus, 1982; Loftus, 1979a, 1979b) have failed repeatedly in attempts to recover original memories after postevent biasing, a finding that supports the alteration hypothesis. In the present study, postevent biasing was demonstrated in two experiments. In each experiment, some subjects were given a warning that the postevent information had included a few inaccurate details. These subjects were able to edit out the inaccurate details and to recover the original facts when the warning came as much as 45 rain after they had read the misleading information, a result that argues for the coexistence of memories. Successful recovery of the original memories was apparently due to the clarity of the warning and to an improved technique for assessing the retrieval of original memories.
Telerobotic system performance measurement: motivation and methods

A systems performance-based strategy for modeling and conducting experiments relevant to the design and performance characterization of telerobotic systems is described. A developmental testbed consisting of a distributed telerobotics network and initial efforts to implement the strategy described is presented. Consideration is given to the general systems performance theory (GSPT) to tackle human performance problems as a basis for: measurement of overall telerobotic system (TRS) performance; task decomposition; development of a generic TRS model; and the characterization of performance of subsystems comprising the generic model. GSPT employs a resource construct to model performance and resource economic principles to govern the interface of systems to tasks. It provides a comprehensive modeling/measurement strategy applicable to complex systems including both human and artificial components. Application is presented within the framework of a distributed telerobotics network as a testbed. Insight into the design of test protocols which elicit application-independent data is described.
An ant colony algorithm for multi-user detection in wireless communication systems

This paper explores the application of the ant colony algorithm for an NP-complete problem in the area of wireless communications. The specific problem is one of detecting users (binary vectors) in a multi-user environment in synchronous MC-CDMA (multi-carrier Code Division Multiple Access) systems, such that the total interference noise in minimized. This approach is particularly attractive as ACO is well suited for physically realizable, real-time use, where fast convergence is absolutely necessary. Results suggest that the algorithm reduces the computer time requirement by as much as 98% over an exhaustive search method.
In vivo recovery of FVIII:C in hemophilic patients.

: Average pre-operative in vivo recoveries of factor VIII:C concentrate fell from 1967 to 1976, then improved, and fell again in the early 1980's. Average outpatient in vivo recoveries were studied from 1978-83; the lowest values for two of three brands were seen in 1980. Standard in vivo recovery studies were performed with a 10 minute post-infusion plasma sample only, but detailed tests in 39 patients indicated that the peak post-infusion level after concentrate infusion occurred at 30 minutes rather than 10 minutes in 23 percent of recipients. Comparison of one- and two-stage assay methods showed that higher in vivo recoveries were obtained when plasma samples were assayed with the two-stage method. The major cause of discrepancies between observed and expected VIII:C recoveries, however, is believed to be inaccurate assessment of the VIII:C potency of various in-house VIII:C references. Methods of in vitro assay of concentrates which adequately predict in vivo effect are needed.
Metamaterial inspired patch antenna miniaturization technique

Over the past decade, the need for small, compact and low cost antennas has increased tremendously for applications such as wireless communications and radar. Microstrip patch antennas, though popular for these applications, are difficult to miniaturize, since their resonant frequency is determined by the dominant (TMZ 110 ) mode of the patch cavity (the region immediately beneath the patch). Nevertheless, numerous miniaturization techniques using shorting posts, active loading or high permittivity dielectrics [1] have been conceived to lower the resonant frequency of patch antennas without increasing their size. Unfortunately, as the demand for ever smaller patch antennas increases, these techniques fail to produce the required size reductions.
Foraminiferal Mg/Ca evidence for Southern Ocean cooling across the Eocene–Oligocene transition

Abstract Constraining the magnitude of high-latitude temperature change across the Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) is essential for quantifying the magnitude of Antarctic ice-sheet expansion and understanding regional climate response to this event. To this end, we constructed high-resolution stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) and magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) records from planktic and benthic foraminifera at four Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) sites in the Southern Ocean. Planktic foraminiferal Mg/Ca records from the Kerguelen Plateau (ODP Sites 738, 744, and 748) show a consistent pattern of temperature change, indicating 2–3 °C cooling in direct conjunction with the first step of a two-step increase in benthic and planktic foraminiferal δ18O values across the EOT. In contrast, benthic Mg/Ca records from Maud Rise (ODP Site 689) and the Kerguelen Plateau (ODP Site 748) do not exhibit significant temperature change. The contrasting temperature histories derived from the planktic and benthic Mg/Ca records are not reconcilable, since vertical δ18O gradients remained nearly constant at all sites between 35.0 and 32.5 Ma. Based on the coherency of the planktic Mg/Ca records from the Kerguelen Plateau sites and complications with benthic Mg/Ca paleothermometry at low temperatures, the planktic Mg/Ca records are deemed the most reliable measure of Southern Ocean temperature change. We therefore interpret a uniform cooling of 2–3 °C in both deep surface (thermocline) waters and intermediate deep waters of the Southern Ocean across the EOT. Cooling of Southern Ocean surface waters across the EOT was likely propagated to the deep ocean, since deep waters were primarily sourced on the Antarctic margin throughout this time interval. Removal of the temperature component from the observed foraminiferal δ18O shift indicates that seawater δ18O values increased by 0.6 ± 0.15‰ across the EOT interval, corresponding to an increase in global ice volume to a level equivalent with 60–130% modern East Antarctic ice sheet volume.
Communications and consistency in mobile file systems

To overcome the availability, latency, bandwidth, and cost barriers of mobile networks, mobile clients of distributed file systems switch between connected and disconnected modes of operation. Lying between these are modes of operation that refine the consistency semantics of cached files, allowing a mobile client to select a mode appropriate for the prevailing network conditions. Clients can take advantage of network opportunities unsuitable for connected operation, obtaining improved performance, more effective sharing, and more stringent consistency guarantees as a result. Today's mobile computing technology lets nomadic users operate computers large and small from their offices and homes and places in between. However, mobile users are often frustrated by the quality of distributed services available to them. In this article, we describe ways to extend the advantages of distributed file systems to users of mobile computers.
The Leucine Content of a Complete Meal Directs Peak Activation but Not Duration of Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Rats

This study examined the impact of leucine (Leu) derived from complete meals on stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Expt. 1 examined time course changes in translation initiation and MPS after a meal. Male rats ( approximately 300 g) were trained for 5 d to eat 3 meals/d providing 20, 50, and 30% of energy from whey protein, carbohydrates, and fats, respectively. Plasma and skeletal muscle were collected at time 0 (baseline) after 12 h of food deprivation and then at 45, 90, 135, 180, and 300 min after a 4-g meal. Plasma Leu increased at 45 min and remained elevated through 180 min. MPS peaked at 45-90 min and returned to baseline by 180 min. Plasma Leu correlated with phosphorylation of ribosomal protein p70 S6 kinase (r = 0.723; P < 0.05), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein-1 (r = 0.773; P < 0.05), and MPS (r = 0.608; P < 0.05) over time. Expt. 2 examined 3 levels of protein intake (10, 20, and 30% of energy) from 2 sources (wheat and whey) with different Leu contents ( approximately 6.8 and approximately 10.9%, respectively) on stimulation of initiation and MPS. Rats were trained to eat 3 meals/d providing 14, 56, and 30% of energy from protein, carbohydrates, and fats. On d 6, MPS was evaluated at 90 min after rats consumed 1 of the 6 test meals. Whey protein stimulated initiation and MPS more than wheat and the differential response related to greater plasma Leu responses in the whey groups. These studies demonstrate that peak activation but not duration of MPS is proportional to the Leu content of a meal.
Hypothyroxinemia and Prematurity

The growing fetus relies on adequate thyroid hormone concentrations for normal development, which is dependent on maternal transplacental thyroid hormone passage and the appropriate development of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Untreated congenital hypothyroidism can result in severe neurodevelopmental disabilities, including mental retardation, auditory dysfunction, and spastic diplegia. Most outcomes data also suggest that up to 10% of infants treated early in the era of newborn screening still have long-term disabilities, although they are minor. Preterm infants have lower serum concentrations of thyroid hormones compared with their term counterparts early in postnatal life, and there has been a concern that this transient hypothyroxinemia could be partially responsible for the neurodevelopmental impairment associated with prematurity. Therefore, a number of investigators have examined this relationship and the potential use of thyroid hormone in preterm infants to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. This article reviews this literature and discusses possible directions for the future.
Convex dynamics with constant input

In Adler et al [Convex dynamics and applications. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.25 (2005), 321–352] certain piecewise linear maps were defined in terms of a convex polytope. When the convex polytope is a simplex, the resulting map has a dual nature. On one hand it is defined on ℝN and acts as a piecewise translation. On the other it can be viewed as a translation on the N-torus. What relates its two roles? A natural answer would be that there exists an invariant fundamental set into which all orbits under piecewise translation eventually enter. We prove this for N=1 and for acute and right triangles—i.e. non-obtuse triangles. We leave open the case of obtuse triangles and higher-dimensional simplices. Another question not treated is the connectivity of the invariant fundamental sets which arise.
Existence of pearled patterns in the planar functionalized Cahn–Hilliard equation

The functionalized Cahn-Hilliard (FCH) equation supports planar and circular bilayer interfaces as equilibria which may lose their stability through the pearling bifurcation: a periodic, high-frequency, in-plane modulation of the bilayer thickness. In two spatial dimensions we employ spatial dynamics and a center manifold reduction to reduce the FCH equation to an 8th order ODE system. A normal form analysis and a xed-point-theorem argument show that the reduced system admits a degenerate 1:1 resonant normal form, from which we deduce that the onset of the pearling bifurcation coincides with the creation of a two-parameter family of pearled equilibria which are periodic in the in-plane direction and exponentially localized in the transverse direction.
Microfabricated High-Speed Axial-Flux Multiwatt Permanent-Magnet Generators&#8212;Part II: Design, Fabrication, and Testing

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of permanent-magnet (PM) generators for use in microscale power generation systems. The generators are three-phase, axial-flux, synchronous machines, each consisting of an eight-pole surface-wound stator and PM rotor. The devices are fabricated using a combination of microfabrication and precision assembly. Characterization is achieved using a custom-built experimental test stand that incorporates an off-the-shelf gas-driven spindle to power the machines. At a rotational speed of 120 000 rpm, one generator demonstrates 2.5 W of mechanical-to-electrical power conversion and, coupled to a transformer and rectifier, delivers 1.1 W of dc electrical power to a resistive load. This watt-scale electrical power generation demonstrates the viability of scaled PM machines for practical power generation applications