cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Evaluation of Automated Vehicles in Lane Change Scenarios

It is important to rigorously and comprehensively evaluate the safety of Automated Vehicles (AVs) before their production and deployment. A popular AV evaluation approach is Naturalistic-Field Operational Test (N-FOT) which tests prototype vehicles directly on public roads. Due to the low exposure to safety-critical scenarios, N-FOTs is time-consuming and expensive to conduct. Computer simulations can be used as an alternative to N-FOTs, especially in terms of generating motions of the surrounding traffic. In this paper, we propose an accelerated evaluation approach for AVs. Human-controlled vehicles (HVs) were modeled as disturbance to AVs based on data extracted from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment Program. The cut-in scenarios are generated based on skewed statistics of collected human driver behavior, which amplifies riskier testing scenarios while reserves its statistical information so that the safety benefits of AV in non-accelerated cases can be accurately estimated. An AV model based on a production vehicle was tested. Results show that the proposed method can accelerate the evaluation process by at least 100 times.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Recycling of porcelain tile polishing residue in portland cement: hydration efficiency.

Ceramic tiles are widely used by the construction industry, and the manufacturing process of ceramic tiles generates as a major residue mud derived from the polishing step. This residue is too impure to be reused in the ceramic process and is usually discarded as waste in landfills. But the analysis of the particle size and concentration of silica of this residue shows a potential use in the manufacture of building materials based on portland cement. Tests were conducted on cement pastes and mortars using the addition of 10% and 20% (mass) of the residue. The results of compressive strength in mortars made up to 56 days showed a significant increase in compressive strength greater than 50%. The result of thermogravimetry shows that portlandite is consumed by the cement formed by the silica present in the residue in order to form calcium silicate hydrate and featuring a pozzolanic reaction. This effect improves the performance of cement, contributes to research and application of supplementary cementitious...
Excision of Urethral Diverticulum

Urethral diverticula result in most cases from inflammatory conditions of the periurethral glands. Most are the result of repeated infection and obstruction of the periurethral glands. Initially, a suburethral cyst is formed by both the inflammatory process of infection and by the pressures created within an obstructed periurethral gland. These cysts subsequently rupture into the urethral lumen. The resulting draining abscess cavity is eventually epithelialized, and thus a urethral diverticulum is formed. Very rarely, they are congenital or traumatic following urethroscopy or urethrotomy. Open surgical procedures such as anterior colporrhaphy or bladder neck suspension surgery may damage the periurethral fascia and create a traction diverticulum.
Identifying Determinants of Retail Patronage

How do consumers choose among alternative retail outlets? What elements of a retailer's merchandising mix are critical in customers’ patronage decisions? Results of this study identify patronage mo...
On the molecular origins of biomass recalcitrance: the interaction network and solvation structures of cellulose microfibrils.

Biomass recalcitrance is a fundamental bottleneck to producing fuels from renewable sources. To understand its molecular origin, we characterize the interaction network and solvation structures of ...
Review of rational allocation of nursing human resources in children's hospital

The authors reviewed the current situation of nursing human resources allocation in children's hospital, summarized the methods of rational allocation of nursing human resources, and pointed out the further research trends, so as to provide references for rational allocation of nursing human resources in children's hospital.
Building Perioperative Nursing Research Teams—Part I

Perioperative nurses can use nursing research to acquire skills and knowledge to formulate independent judgments, make critical decisions, and become nurse scholars. This article, which is the first in a two-part series, describes the use of the model of experiential learning developed by David A. Kolb, PhD, to facilitate a team approach to perioperative nursing research. The second article in the series will focus on constraints and enablers to conducting and using nursing research in perioperative care settings and will provide suggestions for perioperative nurse managers to facilitate clinical research.
Experimental murine infection with the diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis strain, Isabel.

Infection with the Isabel strain of Leishmania has been followed in several inbred strains of mice over an extended period. The mouse strains segregate into three major types with respect to suscep...
Hochdifferenzierte Tumoren des Magen-Darm-Traktes mit argentaffinen und Panethschen Zellen

An Hand von sieben Fallen wird auf das ungewohnliche Auftreten von argentaffinen und Panethschen Zellen in Geschwulsten des Magen-Darm-Traktes hingewiesen. Es handelt sich dabei um ein papillares Carcinom des Magens, um je eine gut-und bosartige solitare Geschwulst des Rectums und drei Falle mit einer Polypose des Rectums mit papillaren Carcinomen. Schlieslich wurde noch ein eigenartiger als Adenomyose bezeichneter Befund an einer Appendix miteinbezogen, wobei die Wandung bis zur Subserosa von Tumorzellstrangen infiltriert wird. Diese sind vorwiegend aus Panethschen Zellen neben Becherzellen und argentaffinen Zellen aufgebaut. Funf der sieben Patienten sind Frauen, zwei Manner im Alter von 20–81 Jahren. Besonders wegen des Auftretens dieser Geschwulste bei jungen Erwachsenen und des teilweise multiplen Befalles wird vermutet, das es sich ahnlich wie bei den Polypen im Rahmen des Peutz-Jeghers-Syndrom um Misbildungsgeschwulste handeln durfte. Diese daher als Hamartoblastome zu bezeichnenden Tumoren neigen offenbar in hohem Mase zu maligner Entartung. In diesem Sinne darf wohl das Auftreten von argentaffinen und Panethschen Zellen in Geschwulsten des Magen-Darm-Traktes prognostisch verwertet werden.
Genetic dissection of intraspecific variation in a male-specific sexual trait in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetic dissection of intraspecific variation in a male-specific sexual trait in Drosophila melanogaster
An advective mechanism for deep chlorophyll maxima formation in southern Drake Passage

We observe surface and subsurface fluorescence-derived chlorophyll maxima in southern Drake Passage during austral summer. Backscatter measurements indicate that the deep chlorophyll maxima (DCMs) are also deep biomass maxima, and euphotic depth estimates show that they lie below the euphotic layer. Subsurface, offshore and near-surface, onshore features lie along the same isopycnal, suggesting advective generation of DCMs. Temperature measurements indicate a warming of surface waters throughout austral summer, capping the winter water (WW) layer and increasing off-shelf stratification in this isopycnal layer. The outcrop position of the WW isopycnal layer shifts onshore, into a surface phytoplankton bloom. A lateral potential vorticity (PV) gradient develops, such that a down-gradient PV flux is consistent with offshore, along-isopycnal tracer transport. Model results are consistent with this mechanism. Subduction of chlorophyll and biomass along isopycnals represents a biological term not observed by surface satellite measurements which may contribute significantly to the strength of the biological pump in this region.
Brain Privacy and the Case of Cannibal Cop

In light of technology that may reveal the content of a person’s innermost thoughts, I address the question of whether there is a right to ‘brain privacy’—a right not to have one’s inner thoughts revealed to others–even if exposing these thoughts might be beneficial to society. I draw on a conception of privacy as the ability to control who has access to information about oneself and to an account that connects one’s interest in privacy to one’s interests in (1) autonomy and associated reputational interests, and (2) preserving one’s dignity. Focusing on the controversial case of Gilberto Valle, known as the ‘cannibal cop’, who faced legal punishment and moral reproach for deeply disturbing thoughts of doing violence to women, thoughts he claimed were mere fantasies, I argue that Valle has a right to brain privacy if he has a legitimate privacy interest that is not outweighed by competing societal interests in avoiding harm. Our weighing of competing privacy and societal interests will depend on the magnitude of the privacy interests in autonomy and dignity, and on how reliable the technology used to expose inner thoughts is in predicting future harmful behavior and identifying true threats.
Self-repairing cells: How single cells heal membrane ruptures and restore lost structures

Many organisms and tissues display the ability to heal and regenerate as needed for normal physiology and as a result of pathogenesis. However, these repair activities can also be observed at the single-cell level. The physical and molecular mechanisms by which a cell can heal membrane ruptures and rebuild damaged or missing cellular structures remain poorly understood. This Review presents current understanding in wound healing and regeneration as two distinct aspects of cellular self-repair by examining a few model organisms that have displayed robust repair capacity, including Xenopus oocytes, Chlamydomonas , and Stentor coeruleus . Although many open questions remain, elucidating how cells repair themselves is important for our mechanistic understanding of cell biology. It also holds the potential for new applications and therapeutic approaches for treating human disease.
Generative method to discover emphysema subtypes with unsupervised learning using lung macroscopic patterns (LMPS): The MESA COPD study

Pulmonary emphysema overlaps considerably with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is traditionally subcategorized into three subtypes: centrilobular emphysema (CLE), panlobular emphysema (PLE) and paraseptal emphysema (PSE). Automated classification methods based on supervised learning are generally based upon the current definition of emphysema subtypes, while unsupervised learning of texture patterns enables the objective discovery of possible new radiological emphysema subtypes. In this work, we use a variant of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model to discover lung macroscopic patterns (LMPs) in an unsupervised way from lung regions that encode emphysematous areas. We evaluate the possible utility of the LMPs as potential novel emphysema subtypes via measuring their level of reproducibility when varying the learning set and by their ability to predict traditional radiological emphysema subtypes. Experimental results show that our algorithm can discover highly reproducible LMPs, that predict traditional emphysema subtypes.
Vision and Language: Bridging Vision and Language with Deep Learning

Recognition of visual content has been a fundamental challenge in computer vision for decades, where previous research predominantly focused on understanding visual content using a predefined yet limited vocabulary. Thanks to the recent development of deep learning techniques, researchers in both computer vision and multimedia communities are now striving to bridge vision with natural language, which can be regarded as the ultimate goal of visual understanding. We will present recent advances in exploring the synergy of visual understanding and language processing techniques, including vision-language alignment, visual captioning and commenting, visual emotion analysis, visual question answering, visual storytelling, and as well as open issues for this emerging research area.
Teaching as Problem Solving

Alan Schoenfeld uncovered critical aspects of problem solving, identifying the way that learners use resources, heuristics, control, and beliefs to guide their activities around non-standard mathematical problems. In his groundbreaking research, he used talk-aloud protocols during problem solving sessions with undergraduates and audio recorded them to analyse their thinking.
Fabrication of Graphene–Polyimide Nanocomposites with Superior Electrical Conductivity

We report on the fabrication of a novel class of lightweight materials, polyimide-graphene nanocomposites (0.01-5 vol %), with tunable electrical conductivity. The graphene-polyimide nanocomposites exhibit an ultra-low graphene percolation threshold of 0.03 vol % and maximum dc conductivity of 0.94 S/cm, which we attribute to excellent dispersion, extraordinary electron transport in the well-dispersed graphene, high number density of graphene nanosheets, and the π-π interactions between the aromatic moieties of the polyimide and the carbon rings in graphene. The dc conductivity data are shown to follow the power-law dependence on the graphene volume fraction near the percolation threshold. The ac conductivity of the nanocomposites is accurately represented by the extended pair-approximation model. The exponent s of the approximation is estimated to be 0.45-0.61, indicating anomalous diffusion of charge particles and a fractal structure for the conducting phase, lending support to the percolation model. Low-temperature dc conductivity of the nanocomposites is well-approximated by the thermal fluctuation-induced tunneling. Wide-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to correlate the morphology with the electrical conductivity. The lack of maxima in X-ray indicates the loss of structural registry and short-range ordering.
Adoption and Child Trafficking: Structural Violence in the International Adoption System

In the United States there exists as part of the institution of international adoption a hegemony of “saving” orphans from developing or economically devastated nations. This hegemony is a factor contributing to an adoption “market” in orphans, leading to incidences of the trafficking of children as part of the intercountry adoption system. This study's purposes are thus twofold. First it is a preliminary attempt within the academic realm to determine the emergence of this hegemony by delineating the US history of intercountry adoption from its origins in the mid-1940s as a response to humanitarian crises, to its current status as a market commodifying children from developing and economically devastated countries. Secondly it is to assess the institution of international adoption as it relates to the concept of structural violence via case studies of child trafficking. The conclusion of this study suggests that until intercountry adoption is recognized as a form of structural violence against children and families in developing nations to serve the current hegemony in the United States of adoptive saviordom, instances of intercountry child trafficking will continue to persist.
Ecophysiology, Nitrogen Fixation and Plant Stress

Botanists have long been aware of the interrelation between ecology and physiology, e.g. Clements (1907), Schimper (1960), but it was apparently Billings (1957) who first formalised the union with the terms ‘physiological ecology’ and ‘ecological physiology’. The term ‘eco-physiology’, however, was first introduced in 1962 at UNESCO’s Montpellier Symposium where it was defined by Eckardt (1965) in the English summary of his paper as follows: “Eco-physiology, in the acceptance of the term adopted in the proceedings of the Montpellier Symposium, deals with all relationships existing between living beings and their physical and biotic environment. It thus embraces not only the study of the adaptive structural and functional features which link the individual plant or animal to its specific environment, but also that of all forms of transfer and transformation of energy and mass connected with the dynamics of the ecosystem.”
Tracer Kinetics in Steady State Systems

In this section, we describe a standard experimental technique involving a tracer study of a compartmental system. The method is to bring the system, linear or nonlinear, to a steady-state, inject a trace compound (in a negligible amount compared to the unlabeled species), and follow its distribution throughout the system. As we will see, the tracer distribution follows linear kinetics.
Use of burn wound biopsies in the diagnosis and treatment of burn wound infection

Improvements in both general care and wound care have favorably influenced the outcome of burn patients. Principal among these improvements have been the use of effective topical antimicrobial chemotherapy and the early postburn removal of ischemic nonviable burned tissue by excision, which have reduced the incidence of invasive burn wound infection as a cause of death [6]. Even so, current burn wound care is imperfect and certain patients, usually those with extensive burns that involve more than 50 % of the total body surface (particularly children and the elderly), escape from microbial control and develop invasive burn wound infection [10].
NREL's Cell and Module Performance group's asymptotic Pmax protocol for perovskite devices

Perovskite photovoltaic devices have demonstrated a very rapid rise in reported efficiencies. Potentially extreme artifacts which tend to manifest themselves as large hysteresis effects, depending on scan rates and directions and light bias exposure history are often seen. This can make characterization difficult and may have resulted in some exaggerated efficiency reports. NREL's Cell and Module Performance (CMP) group's approach to standardized measurements of perovskites is discussed.
Practice Variation, Costs and Outcomes Associated with the Use of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients

Right ventricular (RV) failure is a potentially fatal complication following heart transplantation (HTx). Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator that is used to decrease pulmonary vascular resistance immediately post-HTx to reduce the risk of RV failure. The aim of this study was to describe utilization patterns, costs, and outcomes associated with post-transplant iNO use in children. All pediatric HTx recipients (2002–2016) were identified from a unique linked PHIS/SRTR dataset. Post-HTx iNO use was determined based on hospital billing data. Utilization patterns and associated costs were described. The association of iNO support with post-HTx survival was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to adjust for risk factors. A total of 2833 pediatric HTx recipients from 28 centers were identified with 1057 (36.5%) receiving iNO post-HTx. Post-HTx iNO use showed significant increase overall (17.2–54.7%, p 5 days of iNO post-HTx demonstrated inferior 1-year post-HTx survival (p 5 days was independently associated with worse post-HTx survival (AHR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2, 2.1; p < 0.001). There is wide variation in iNO use among centers following pediatric HTx with use increasing over time despite significant incremental cost. Prolonged iNO use post-HTx is associated with worse survival, likely serving as a marker of residual illness severity. Further research is needed to define the populations that derive the greatest benefit from this costly therapy.
Understanding subgrid variability of snow depth at 1-km scale using Lidar measurements

It is well known that snow plays an important role in land surface energy balance; however, modelling the subgrid variability of snow is still a challenge in large‐scale hydrological and land surface models. High‐resolution snow depth data and statistical methods can reveal some characteristics of the subgrid variability of snow depth, which can be useful in developing models for representing such subgrid variability. In this study, snow depth was measured by airborne Lidar at 0.5‐m resolution over two mountainous areas in south‐western Wyoming, Snowy Range and Laramie Range. To characterize subgrid snow depth spatial distribution, measured snow depth data of these two areas were meshed into 284 grids of 1‐km × 1‐km. Also, nine representative grids of 1‐km × 1‐km were selected for detailed analyses on the geostatistical structure and probability density function of snow depth. It was verified that land cover is one of the important factors controlling spatial variability of snow depth at the 1‐km scale. Probability density functions of snow depth tend to be Gaussian distributions in the forest areas. However, they are eventually skewed as non‐Gaussian distribution, largely due to the no‐snow areas effect, mainly caused by snow redistribution and snow melt. Our findings show the characteristics of subgrid variability of snow depth and clarify the potential factors that need to be considered in modelling subgrid variability of snow depth.
Factors Associated with Multidisciplinary Consultations in Patients with Early Stage Breast Cancer.

AbstractPurpose: Multidisciplinary care (MDC) encourages multiple specialists to formulate a unified treatment plan. We sought to determine the frequency and predictors of MDC and assess the associ...
A porous collagen-GAG scaffold promotes muscle regeneration following volumetric muscle loss injury

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a segmental loss of skeletal muscle which commonly heals with fibrosis, minimal muscle regeneration, and loss of muscle strength. Treatment options for these wounds which promote functional recovery are currently lacking. This study was designed to investigate whether the collagen-GAG scaffold (CGS) promotes functional muscle recovery following VML. A total of 66 C57/Bl6 mice were used in a three-stage experiment. First, 24 animals were split into three groups which underwent sham injury or unilateral quadriceps VML injury with or without CGS implantation. Two weeks post-surgery, muscle was harvested for histological and gene expression analysis. In the second stage, 18 mice underwent bilateral quadriceps VML injury, followed by weekly functional testing using a treadmill. In the third stage, 24 mice underwent sham or bilateral quadriceps VML injury with or without CGS implantation, with tissue harvested six weeks post-surgery for histological and gene expression analysis. VML mice treated with CGS demonstrated increased remnant fiber hypertrophy versus both the VML with no CGS and uninjured groups. Both VML groups showed greater muscle fiber hypertrophy than non-injured muscle. This phenomenon was still evident in the longer-term experiment. The gene array indicated that the CGS promoted upregulation of factors involved in promoting wound healing and regeneration. In terms of functional improvement, the VML mice treated with CGS ran at higher maximum speeds than VML without CGS. A CGS was shown to enhance muscle hypertrophy in response to VML injury with a resultant improvement in functional performance. A gene array highlighted increased gene expression of multiple growth factors following CGS implantation. This suggests that implantation of a CGS could be a promising treatment for VML wounds.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY DETECTS SUBCLINICAL RADIAL PERIPAPILLARY CAPILLARY DENSITY REDUCTION AFTER PLAQUE RADIOTHERAPY FOR CHOROIDAL MELANOMA.

PURPOSE To evaluate radial peripapillary capillary density (RPCD) in irradiated eyes without radiation papillopathy clinically. METHODS Patients treated with plaque radiotherapy for unilateral choroidal melanoma without radiation papillopathy clinically received optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography imaging at ∼12- to 24-month follow-up. Comparison of RPCD globally and meridian closest to plaque and meridian farthest to plaque of irradiated versus nonirradiated eyes was performed. RESULTS Mean age was 55 years (n = 10). Mean largest basal diameter and thickness were 10.1 and 4.4 mm, respectively. Mean radiation dose to the optic nerve head and foveola was 41.7 and 66.2 Gy, respectively. No radiation papillopathy was detected by ophthalmoscopy throughout follow-up (mean:14 months). Radial peripapillary capillary density was significantly reduced globally (all P 0.26). Radiation dose to the optic nerve head was correlated with meridian closest to plaque RPCD reduction (r = 0.76; P < 0.01). Mean radiation dose to the optic nerve head for <5% and ≥5% RPCD reductions was 35.9 ± 12.2 and 55.2 ± 6.4 Gy, respectively. CONCLUSION Radial peripapillary capillary density reduction was found in irradiated eyes before clinical evidence of radiation papillopathy and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness reduction. Radial peripapillary capillary density reduction is correlated to plaque location and radiation dose to the optic nerve head.
The Significance of Single Black Mothers Homeschooling

This final chapter discusses the themes of motherhood, faith and spirituality, and race as found across each homeschool mothers’ narratives. The chapter highlights differences among the four mothers’ decision-making and homeschool practice. The chapter further discusses the unexpected finding of Black mothers’ expressions of empathy for public schools and the subsequent constructive criticism of public schools. Single Black mothers’ experience demonstrates the importance of fostering Black children’s sense of ownership and independence in their learning as well as use of child-centered, experiential learning. The chapter suggests a new conception of homeschooling as a pathway to healing.
Abstract 105: Impact of the Extended Window Mechanical Thrombectomy on Tele Stroke Call Volume in the Post-DAWN and DEFUSE -3 Era

Introduction: Recently, two randomized controlled trials proved the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy in patients presenting up to 24 hours from symptom onset. While the number of pati...
Designing Inclusive Learning Environments

Large-scale online learning environments present new opportunities to address the need for greater inclusivity in education. Unlike residential environments, which have physical and logistic constraints (e.g., classroom configurations, sizes, and scheduling) that impede our ability to enact more inclusive pedagogy, online learning environments can be personalized and adapted to individual learner needs. As these environments are completely technology mediated, they offer an almost infinite design space for innovation. Social-scientific research on inclusivity in residential settings provides insight into how we might design for online learning environments, however evidence of efficacious digital implementations of these insights is limited. This workshop aims to advance our understanding of the ways in which adaptivity can be leveraged to buttress inclusivity in STEM learning. Through brief paper presentations and collaborative activities we intend to outline design opportunities in the scaled learning space for creating more inclusive environments.
Internet Nondiscrimination Principles Revisited

Unfair and sometimes illegal business practices have contributed to the massive growth and power of dominant digital platforms. These platforms therefore enjoy undeserved power. Policymakers should embrace basic principles of fairness to ensure their power is reduced, or at least is exercised in a more responsible way. Nondiscrimination is critical: these platforms should not be able to undercut smaller businesses to promote their own offerings in a biased way. A nondiscrimination model could help policymakers better develop targeted regulation. Antitrust enforcement, transparency, and some aspects of public utility regulation are also critical.
Adversarial Attacks on Deep Learning-based Floor Classification and Indoor Localization

With the great advances in location-based services (LBS), Wi-Fi localization has attracted great interest due to its ubiquitous availability in indoor environments. Deep neural network (DNN) is a powerful method to achieve high localization performance using Wi-Fi signals. However, DNN models are shown vulnerable to adversarial examples generated by introducing a subtle perturbation. In this paper, we propose adversarial deep learning for indoor localization system using Wi-Fi received signal strength indicator (RSSI). In particular, we study the impact of adversarial attacks on floor classification and location prediction with Wi-Fi RSSI. Three white-box attacks methods are examined, including fast gradient sign attack (FGSM), projected gradient descent (PGD), and momentum iterative method (MIM). We validate the performance of DNN-based floor classification and location prediction using a public dataset and show that the DNN models are highly vulnerable to the three white-box adversarial attacks.
Complicated Neuraxial Anesthesia in a Patient With Tethered Spinal Cord.

Spinal anesthesia is a common anesthetic used in many surgical procedures. Anatomical variations and diseases make this procedure require extra considerations. Extra care should be taken into consideration in the pre-anesthesia evaluation when neuraxial anesthesia is planned. We present the case of a patient undergoing cesarean section for the arrest of labor, who had a complicated labor course due to unrecognized history of a tethered spinal cord leading to inadequate analgesia, requiring replacement of epidural analgesia and spinal anesthesia. Ultimately, the decision was made to proceed with general anesthesia due to the patient's discomfort. Exhaustive chart review after surgery showed a past MRI with evidence of a tethered spinal cord.
A Microstructural Study of MCraly Coatings

The application of high resolution electron microscopy (via STEM) to determine the microstructure of MCrAlY coatings is demonstrated. The importance of optical and scanning electron microscopy and proper etchant selection is also presented along with x-ray diffraction of extractions as well as bulk samples. These techniques are described in detail.
PAH Exposure Impacts Cardiac Function in Xenopus laevis Embryos

Using Xenopus laevis, a well-established model system for vertebrate heart development, we assessed the impact of three common polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): phenanthrene (PHE), pyrene (PYR), and fluoranthene (FLA) on heart rate (HR), interbeat variability (IBV), incidence of atrioventicular (AV) block, and stroke volume (SV) and compared effects with the well-characterized PAH benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and with DMSO (vehicle) controls. A 72-hr exposure (during heart valve formation) was associated with tachycardia for all PAHs at all doses (0.25-25 μM). Increased HRs ranged from 20-35% (p<0.05-0.001). With the exception of 25 μM PHE and FLA, PAH-induced tachycardia persisted at 96 hr (during atrial partitioning), while bradycardia was observed in embryos with a mature heart phenotype after 120 hr exposure to 25 μM FLA and PHE (14% and 17% decrease in HR; p<0.05, 0.01, respectively). While PAH exposure did not alter IBV, an indicator of ventricular arrhythmia, 25 μM FLA and PHE treatment did interfere with ...
Effects of reducing or eliminating resident work shifts over 16 hours: a systematic review.

SEVEN YEARS HAVE PASSED SINCE THE ACCREDITATION COUNCIL FOR GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION (ACGME) ESTABLISHED DUTY HOUR LIMITS for physicians-in-training. Prior to that time, few high quality studies existed regarding the effects on safety of residents' traditional work schedules.1,2 In the past few years, however, a growing body of literature has emerged regarding the hazards of prolonged sleep deprivation and of one particular aspect of residents' traditional schedules: the extended duty (> 16 h) shift.3–10 Data on extended shifts have previously prompted calls for action from the federal government and professional organizations.11–14 Last year, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published a comprehensive report on resident duty hours,15 in which it recommended that residents should work no more than 16 consecutive hours without sleep. This recommendation has been the subject of considerable controversy. While numerous studies demonstrate the adverse consequences of sleep deprivation in industrial and laboratory settings,15 critics have suggested that insufficient data have been generated from clinical intervention studies to support the call for a change in traditional resident scheduling practices.16 Concerns raised include both the potential for “unintended consequences” of reducing work hours on patient safety—due to concerns about inadequate handovers of care—as well as the effects of work hour reduction on resident education. In addition, data have emerged suggesting that implementation of the IOM's recommendations could cost up to $1.6 billion dollars, while yielding uncertain benefits.17 The ACGME is currently reviewing the IOM recommendations to determine whether to make changes to current duty hour standards.18 Remarkably, in the face of international reductions in resident-physicians' extended shifts and calls for change in the U.S., there has not been a systematic evaluation of the IOM's key recommendation regarding extended shifts. Prior systematic reviews have been conducted of the relationship between resident sleep deprivation and performance,1,2,10 but the intent of these prior reviews was to not to assess the effects of specific interventions, or to rate the evidentiary strength of the studies conducted. We therefore conducted a systematic review with the specific aim of determining whether safety, education, and quality of life have improved or deteriorated in programs that have reduced or eliminated shifts > 16 h, and to assess the quality of included studies using the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force methodology.
Radioembolization in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) are a rare malignancy. Many patients will present with metastatic disease most commonly to the liver. Currently the standard of care for treatment of liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is surgical resection. However, only few patients are candidates for surgical resection and require alternative options. Given the rarity of this disease; data regarding treatment options are minimal. In this paper, we will review data presented at the annual meeting of ASCO 2014 about the Survival following Y90 radioembolization for neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases (Abstract #e15166). This abstract shows evidence for survival benefit with the use of radioembolization in the treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors to the liver. Image: Tufts Medical Center. Boston, MA, USA
Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge: Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in Theory and Practice

The phenomenon of volunteered geographic information is part of a profound transformation in how geographic data, information, and knowledge are produced and circulated. By situating volunteered geographic information (VGI) in the context of big-data deluge and the data-intensive inquiry, the 20 chapters in this book explore both the theories and applications of crowdsourcing for geographic knowledge production with three sections focusing on 1). VGI, Public Participation, and Citizen Science; 2). Geographic Knowledge Production and Place Inference; and 3). Emerging Applications and New Challenges. This book argues that future progress in VGI research depends in large part on building strong linkages with diverse geographic scholarship. Contributors of this volume situate VGI research in geographys core concerns with space and place, and offer several ways of addressing persistent challenges of quality assurance in VGI. This book positions VGI as part of a shift toward hybrid epistemologies, and potentially a fourth paradigm of data-intensive inquiry across the sciences. It also considers the implications of VGI and the exaflood for further time-space compression and new forms, degrees of digital inequality, the renewed importance of geography, and the role of crowdsourcing for geographic knowledge production.
Magnetospheric plasma regions and boundaries

Several magnetospheric regions and their boundaries are discussed in critical terms. Serious questions are raised by recent observations that suggest that the magneto sheath plasma on the day-side penetrates deep into the region of closed magnetic field lines. This deduction, and the evidence that the polar cap field lines interconnect with the interplanetary magnetic field lines, suggest that the magnetopause be defined as a plasma boundary, rather than in terms of open or closed magnetic field lines. The magnetopause is here defined as that surface where there is an abrupt reduction in the phase space density from the values typical of the magneto sheath plasma. On the night side this definition, coupled with the evidence of closed field lines poleward of the auroral oval, requires a modification to Dungey’s model of the magnetosphere in which there is a gap or space between the end of the plasma sheet and the X-line. These considerations imply that the usual model of magnetic merging is not applicable to the magnetosphere. This implication is supported by the failure to detect the energy dissipation at the dayside magnetopause that would be a consequence of the tangential component of the electric field characteristic of the merging process. Careless use of words or phrases such as interconnection and generation is discussed. It is suggested that the resolution of these serious questions can be achieved only by turning to a more primitive description that avoids the shortcomings of the fluid theory.
The design of evolutionary process modeling languages

To formalize a software process, its important aspects must be extracted as a model. Many processes are used repeatedly, and the ability to automate a process is also desired. One approach is to use a notation that already exists, such as a programming language, and extend it. However, the intricacies and restrictions the programming language places on the ability to succinctly and clearly describe a process can be problematic. An alternative approach is to develop a language specifically for describing processes. A significant disadvantage of this approach, however, is the lack of tool support for ensuring model correctness. We discuss a high-level language that encourages evolutionary model development and describe a tool for performing model verification. We have used our language and tool on the NetBeans model for distributed software development.
The process approach to neuropsychological assessment of psychiatric patients.

T he growing interest in the biological basis of psychiatric disorders has led researchers to apply neuropsychological methods derived from the study of patients with lateralized focal cerebral pathology.”2 The neuropsychological instruments that have been largely used, however, are for the most part “achievement” oriented. Test items are scored right or wrong and summed to provide an overall total score. The underlying assumption is that such scores are an objective measure of an underlying unitary mechanism. (For a review of such test instruments, see Kane3 and Lezak.4) Over fifty years ago, Werner5 cautioned that conclusions based exclusively on achievement scores may be quite misleading. He demonstrated that individuals could arrive at the solution by distinctly different processes reflecting the activity of distinctly different structures in the central nervous system. Werner6 believed that since every cognitive act involves an unfolding process over time (microgenesis), careful monitoring of the behaviors used by the individual while working toward solving a problem (process) would provide more useful information than that obtained from right-wrong scores of final solutions (achievement). This presentation delineates the advantages of a process-oriented approach to the evaluation of the cognitive status of neurologic and psychiatric patients.7
Multidimensional indexing and query coordination for tertiary storage management

In many scientific domains, experimental devices or simulation programs generate large volumes of data. The volumes of data may reach hundreds of terabytes and therefore it is impractical to store them on disk systems. Rather they are stored on robotic tape systems that are managed by some mass storage system (MSS). A major bottleneck in analyzing the simulated/collected data is the retrieval of subsets from the tertiary storage system. We describe the architecture and implementation of a Storage Access Coordination System (STACS) designed to optimize the use of a disk cache, and thus minimize the number of files read from tape. We achieve this by using a specialized index to locate the relevant data on tapes, and by coordinating file caching over multiple queries. We focus on a specific application area, a high energy physics data management and analysis environment. STACS was implemented and is being incorporated in an operational system, scheduled to go online at the end of 1999. We also include the results of various tests that demonstrate the benefits and efficiency gained of using the STACS.
Meanwhile in Another Part of the City

THEY SAID, in San Francisco, it was not a fascinating story: black people were always meeting each other in odd places. It was the nature of the middle class, their peculiar diaspora. So the sister had talked about love; which of them now looked for it? At which point Carm had told about the brother who called her in the middle of the night to demand that she go with him to the motel where her husband, Chester, was shacked up with the brother's wife. "I told him that was his business and if he was so
Cultivating Discontinuity: Pentecostal Pedagogies of Yielding and Control.

Exploring missionary study at an Assemblies of God Bible college through ethnography and training manuals demonstrates systematic pedagogies that cultivate sensory capabilities encouraging yielding, opening to rupture, and constraint. Ritual theory and the Anthropology of Christianity shift analytic scales to include “cultivation,” a “third term” enabling simultaneous apprehension and consolidating of the oppositions (experience–doctrine, revival–church, or spontaneous rupture–restrained continuity) internal and central to Pentecostalism. Further, cultivation complicates valorizations of the disjunctive “event” as militant radical icon.
Label-free, multiplexed biomolecular analysis using arrays of silicon photonic microring resonators

Abstract We have developed a broadly applicable biosensing platform based upon chip-integrated silicon photonic microcavities. Large arrays of microring resonators are robustly fabricated using standard semiconductor processing methods on silicon-on-insulator wafers. Microring resonators are label-free sensors that support spectrally well-defined optical modes that are extremely sensitive to surface binding-induced changes in the local refractive index. Each microring can be uniquely functionalized with a biomolecularly-specific capture agent (antibody, cDNA, aptamer, etc.) allowing sensitive and multiplexed detection of a range of protein and nucleic acid targets at sub-pM levels and from within complex matrices, such as human serum. This paper describes recent advances in sensor design, characterization, and detection of biomolecules for applications in bioterrorism surveillance and medical diagnostics, with an added emphasis on the incorporation of emerging capture agents that give improved sensor performance.
The Effect of Graded Levels of Corn Oil and Different Fats on the Performance of White Pekin Ducklings

One-hundred-eighty male and female ducklings (90 of each sex) were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets formulated to contain 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% corn oil in the starter (0 to 14 days), grower (14 to 35 days), and finisher (35 to 49 days) periods. Body weights of the ducklings were not different among treatments; however, feed consumption decreased significantly between 0 and 49 days of age (10.22, 9.78, 9.18, 9.00, 8.54, and 8.96 kg) as the level of dietary corn oil increased (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%, respectively). Regression analysis indicated a linear decrease in feed/gain (F/G) as corn oil increased in the diet. F/G (0 to 49 days) = 3.48 - .06 (% corn oil); r2 = .92. In a second experiment, isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 0% added fat (NF) or 4% corn oil (CO), peanut oil (PO), vegetable shortening (VS), lard (LD), or tallow (TL). The body weights of the ducklings were the same across treatments throughout the 49-day experiment. Ducklings fed 4% TL consumed significantly (P less than .05) less feed than those ducklings fed NF, PO, VS, or LD. Feed efficiency was not statistically different among the ducklings fed the six different diets.
Oct-4B isoform is differentially expressed in breast cancer cells: hypermethylation of regulatory elements of Oct-4A suggests an alternative promoter and transcriptional start site for Oct-4B transcription

The human Oct-4 gene has three isoforms, Oct-4A, Oct-4B and Oct-4B1, which are thought to be derived from alternative splicing. It remains controversial whether the Oct-4 gene is expressed in cancer cells. Expression of Oct-4A is regulated by two elements, the PE (proximal enhancer) and DE (distal enhancer), but the expression and regulation of Oct-4B are not well known. Here, we firstly report that Oct-4B is expressed at low levels in MCF-7 cells, while the Oct-4A gene is inactivated. By analysing the function of different promoter constructs and the DNA methylation status of three regulatory regions, we demonstrate that the Oct-4A gene in MCF-7 cells is repressed by epigenetic control rather than transcriptional control. In addition, we speculate that the transcription of Oct-4B in MCF-7 cells is differentially regulated by additional regulatory elements. This work will enhance the understanding of Oct-4 gene in differential regulation.
Two-year biocompatibility study of ORNL graphite.

A new grade of graphite-isotropic, fine-grained, and of superior strength-has been produced at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The possibility of using this material in orthopedic implants is under study at the University of Illinois. As part of this program, plugs 1/8 in. in diam were inserted in holes drilled in the proximal femur of 2 groups of 8-week old male rabbits. The groups were sacrificed at the end of 1 and 2 years. A single i.m. injection of achromycin was given 2 days prior to sacrifice. Thin sections of the plugs and surrounding tissue were examined by microradiography and optical microscopy (white light, polarizing, and fluorescent). All bone was normal. Minimal evidence of irritation or fibrous encapsulation appeared.
Annotating nonspecific SAGE tags with microarray data

Abstract SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) detects transcripts by extracting short tags from the transcripts. Because of the limited length, many SAGE tags are shared by transcripts from different genes. Relying on sequence information in the general gene expression database has limited power to solve this problem due to the highly heterogeneous nature of the deposited sequences. Considering that the complexity of gene expression at a single tissue level should be much simpler than that in the general expression database, we reasoned that by restricting gene expression to tissue level, the accuracy of gene annotation for the nonspecific SAGE tags should be significantly improved. To test the idea, we developed a tissue-specific SAGE annotation database based on microarray data ( www.basic.northwerstern.edu/SAGE ). This database contains microarray expression information represented as UniGene clusters for 73 normal human tissues and 18 cancer tissues and cell lines. The nonspecific SAGE tag is first matched to the database by the same tissue type used by both SAGE and microarray analysis; then the multiple UniGene clusters assigned to the nonspecific SAGE tag are searched in the database under the matched tissue type. The UniGene cluster presented solely or at higher expression levels in the database is annotated to represent the specific gene for the nonspecific SAGE tags. The accuracy of gene annotation by this database was largely confirmed by experimental data. Our study shows that microarray data provide a useful source for annotating the nonspecific SAGE tags.