cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Random Numbers:What They Are and How to Use Them

In 1955, the Rand Corporation published a book listing a million random digits (see [27]). A typical page contains hundreds of the digits 0 through 9 written for easy reference in little matrices (squares) having five digits along each row and each column We are interested in two main questions:what are random numbers and why do we need them?
Squamous Carcinoma of the Nasal Vestibule: An Analysis of Five Cases and Literature Review

Five examples of squamous carcinoma of the nasal vestibule are reported. Possibly because this keratinizing tumor is histopathologically identical to squamous cancer in other locations, reports of this tumor in the pathology literature are uncommon. The patients were four men and one woman, of whom three men were smokers, although there are no consistent published associations with any environmental toxins to determine patients at risk. All five patients had localized disease treated by combinations of surgery and radiation therapy. Flap reconstructions and skin grafting were used in three patients; two patients underwent nasal amputations. Three patients also received postoperative irradiation. Three patients experienced recurrences from 2 to 13 years after the original treatment; there were no deaths related to this tumor. Histologically, these are typically ulcerated tumors seldom showing evidence of in situ carcinoma. Surgical margins of excision were positive or close in three cases but did not influence the chronic course of the disease. No clinical tumor staging system is generally accepted, and it seems that the prognosis for localized disease is good irrespective of clinical stage. Aggressive features, including penetration of cartilage and invasion of overlying skin, may be impressive, but do not preclude long-term survival if bulk disease can be surgically removed.
Factors influencing college students’ purchase intention towards Bamboo textile and apparel products

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the factors that might influence American consumers’ purchase intention towards bamboo textile and apparel products. Guided by Sproles’ fashion adoption theory, a survey was conducted to examine the effects of fashion orientation, shopping orientation, and environmental concern and eco-friendly behaviour on purchase intention of bamboo textile and apparel products. A total of 307 usable questionnaires were collected from young American consumers. Results from structural equation modelling analyses indicated that fashion leadership and environmental concern are significantly related to consumers’ purchase intention towards bamboo textile and apparel products.
Radiative forcing associated with particulate carbon emissions resulting from the use of mercury control technology.

Injection of powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorbents into the flue gas of coal fired power plants with electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) is the most mature technology to control mercury emissions for coal combustion. However, the PAC itself can penetrate ESPs to emit into the atmosphere. These emitted PACs have similar size and optical properties to submicron black carbon (BC) and thus could increase BC radiative forcing unintentionally. The present paper estimates, for the first time, the potential emission of PAC together with their climate forcing. The global average maximum potential emissions of PAC is 98.4 Gg/yr for the year 2030, arising from the assumed adoption of the maximum potential PAC injection technology, the minimum collection efficiency, and the maximum PAC injection rate. These emissions cause a global warming of 2.10 mW m–2 at the top of atmosphere and a cooling of −2.96 mW m–2 at the surface. This warming represents about 2% of the warming that is caused by BC from direct fossil fu...
Experimental production of cancer by means of implanted polyurethane plastic.

The rapidly increasing use of synthetic polymers in industry as well as in medicine poses an important question regarding their ultimate safety from a carcinogenic viewpoint. In a recently published article by Harris on this subject, the statement is made that "probably the most decisive evidence of the safety of the use of selected plastics in contact with food and consumable liquid is provided by the large number of successful implantations in human tissues for surgical purposes." He unfortunately omits any consideration of the rather numerous observations on the carcinogenic reactions elicited by plastic implants of various chemical compositions (polyethylene, cellophane, polyacrylates, polyvinyl compounds, polysilicones, and so on) in rats and mice (Oppenheimer and associates, Hueper, and Oettel). Inasmuch as all of the cancerous responses so far obtained to such agents were sarcomas, their potential importance for man has been minimized by some investigators by the assertion that rats demonstrate an abnormal sarcomatogenic reactivity of their connective tissue to parenterally introduced foreign bodies of nonspecific chemical nature (Oettel, and Nothdurft), and, for this reason, these "sarcomas" occupied a special position (Brunner). In brief, the observations made in rats on the carcinogenic action of plastics were allegedly not applicable to and without significance to man.
“Categorizing the Categorizer”: The Management of Racial Common Sense in Interaction

In this paper, I consider one mechanism by which racial categories, racial “common sense,” and thus the social organization of race itself, are reproduced in interaction. I approach these issues by using an ethnomethodological, conversation analytic approach to analyze a range of practices employed by participants of a “race-training” workshop. These practices manage the normative accountability involved in referring to the racial categories of others when describing their actions, and thus in using racial common sense in talk-in-interaction. This accountability arises in part because a speaker's use of a racial category to explain someone else's actions may provide a warranted basis for recipients to treat the speaker's own racial category as relevant for understanding and assessing the speaker's actions. I describe three main ways in which speakers can manage this accountability, namely generalizing race, localizing race, and alluding to race. My analysis shows that, even in attempting to resist racial ...
Oscillation Criteria for Second Order Nonlinear Differential Equations

This paper discusses the oscillation of second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations and delay differential equations. Some new oscillation criteria for the equations are obtained.
Management and Innovation

Management can make different resources into the orderly structure and the effectiveproduction.Management is the necessary and practical condition for social work,and the mechanism in thetransformation of innovation.The key points of management for innovation are about knowledge,qualifiedpersonnel and culture,and its model is changed into network and participation in the times of knowledgeeconomy.To meet the needs of innovation,the innovation of management lays stress on creative,future andrisky management.
Problems and Countermeasures of Quality Management in Pharmaceutical Manufacturers from a City

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the problems of quality management in pharmaceutical manufacturers and put forward the corresponding countermeasures. METHODS:By questionnaire survey,7 pharmaceutical manufacturers were investigated in terms of basic situation,personnel qualification,test equipment,quality control,etc. The relevant data were summarized statistically to analyze its problems. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS:7 included enterprises own 36 production lines,263 drug approval number and 1 268 employees in total. There were 61.9% of quality management staffs with college degree or above and 36.4% of quality inspection staffs with college degree. Quality management and inspection personnel are more reasonable in structure of length of service,less than 10 years and more than 10 years of length of service accounted for 50%,respectively. Inspection equipment can not meet the practical requirements in part of enterprises,and quality inspection should be entrusted to other companies. Each enterprise can regularly monitor purified water,water for injection system and clean class of clean room according to the requirements of GMP. But there still are some problems,such as unbalanced development,low quality of personnel,uneven inspection ability and not perfect regulations and supervision system. It is suggested to strengthen the training,constantly improve the quality management and the skill of inspection personnel and timely purchase related inspection equipment. Relevant government departments should improve the regulatory mechanism,perfect laws and regulations system,strengthen supervision and improve the supervision level to ensure the quality of drugs.
The making of pearl, a 360° google spotlight story

Pearl is a short VR film directed by Patrick Osborne, winner of the 2015 Academy Award for his animated short film Feast. Our challenge: create a 360° non-linear streaming interactive animated film with a strongly art-directed non-photorealistic look, with naturalistic character animation tightly synchronized to an original song, and a story that collapses decades into minutes through montage, and make it run in real time on a wide range of devices, from mobile phones to VR headgear. No problem!
Conclusion: The US-Norwegian Alliance, 1954–1960

Alignment with the Western powers in 1949 enabled Norway — a country with meagre resources, recently occupied by a foreign power and bordering a major potential adversary — to become a “consumer” of the collective good of security.2 The fact that the “Scandinavian option” represented, in the words of Holst, a “perfectly valid alternative” in terms of association with a political community only demonstrates that Norway’s decision to join NATO was more the “result of security calculations than of a commitment to community building.”3 By the early 1950s, the United States had largely replaced Britain as the principal underwriter of Norwegian security. Although the Royal Navy remained actively committed to Norway until Sandys’s defence review, the 1950s as a whole saw the “continuation of the trend established in the late 1940s — a shying away by Britain from any serious commitment to the defence of Norway with the United States taking on an increasing burden.”4
The antidepressant bupropion is a negative allosteric modulator of serotonin type 3A receptors.

The FDA-approved antidepressant and smoking cessation drug bupropion is known to inhibit dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake transporters, as well as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) which are cation-conducting members of the Cys-loop superfamily of ion channels, and more broadly pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs). In the present study, we examined the ability of bupropion and its primary metabolite hydroxybupropion to block the function of cation-selective serotonin type 3A receptors (5-HT3ARs), and further characterized bupropion's pharmacological effects at these receptors. Mouse 5-HT3ARs were heterologously expressed in HEK-293 cells or Xenopus laevis oocytes for equilibrium binding studies. In addition, the latter expression system was utilized for functional studies by employing two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings. Both bupropion and hydroxybupropion inhibited serotonin-gated currents from 5-HT3ARs reversibly and dose-dependently with inhibitory potencies of 87 μM and 112 μM, respectively. Notably, the measured IC50 value for hydroxybupropion is within its therapeutically-relevant concentrations. The blockade by bupropion was largely non-competitive and non-use-dependent. Unlike its modulation at cation-selective pLGICs, bupropion displayed no significant inhibition of the function of anion-selective pLGICs. In summary, our results demonstrate allosteric blockade by bupropion of the 5-HT3AR. Importantly, given the possibility that bupropion's major active metabolite may achieve clinically relevant concentrations in the brain, our novel findings delineate a not yet identified pharmacological principle underlying its antidepressant effect.
Coastal and offshore counts of migratory sparrows and warblers as revealed by recordings of nocturnal flight calls along the Ohio coast of Lake Erie

ABSTRACT The identification of migratory pathways is critical to understanding potential risks affecting migratory birds. The Great Lakes are an important stopover area along the migratory pathway of millions of nocturnally migrating songbirds. However, large expanses of open water can act as a geographic barrier to migrating songbirds resulting in flight “detours” and increased mortality. We recorded nocturnal flight calls (NFCs) of migratory warblers (one species and one species group) and sparrows (three species) at four sites along the Ohio coastline of Lake Erie during two spring migratory seasons. One pair of coastal and offshore sites was located in the central basin, another pair of coastal and offshore sites was located in the western basin with its associated island archipelago connecting Ohio with Ontario. Acoustic monitoring of NFCs suggested that (1) fewer birds were recorded aloft over offshore, open water sites compared to closely associated coastal sites; (2) sparrows apparently were more ...
Abstract B1: Ethnic/racial disparities in the dissemination of the HPV vaccine

Background: High risk types of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) are necessary though not sufficient causes of the vast majority of cervical cancers. The findings of a recent meta-analysis reveal that black women have the highest prevalence of HPV (20.6%, 95% CI, 19.8–21.5%), followed by Latinas (14.1%, 95% CI, 13.9, 14.4%). African American women have the highest rates of mortality from cervical cancer, followed by Latinas. With the approval by FDA of the HPV vaccine, (Gardasil®), among US women age 9–26, dissemination is critical. Fewer than one-third of the US population has heard of HPV. Few know about its association with cervical cancer, and how to prevent its spread. Even fewer women discuss HPV with their health care providers. Consequently, recent population-based data reveal low uptake of the HPV vaccine (∼25%), particularly among black women and Latinas. Objectives; The aim of this presentation is to describe the supports and barriers to HPV vaccine inoculation among African American and Hispanic US women at the policy, provider, and patient levels. Methods: We used a theoretical model, the Comprehensive Model of Screening Change (CMSC) as a guide, to understand the social psychological “pathways” by which knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, social norms and values affect HPV vaccination uptake. We conducted a systematic literature review of studies published over the past 10 years, using a standardized extraction protocol. Of 64 English-language articles from peer-reviewed journals, we selected 16 for review. Findings: Barriers at the policy level include: access to health care, cost, insurance coverage, vaccine availability, limited knowledge of the HPV vaccine, and media coverage that stigmatizes innoculation. At the provider level, knowledge about HPV incidence and transmission as well as physician recommendation are important factors that influence parental and patient acceptability of the HPV vaccine. Providers report difficulty in discussing STI9s with parents, preadolescents, and adolescents. Providers are hesitant to store a vaccine that will be less widely used. Office-based procedures present structural impediments to dissemination of the vaccine. At the patient level, barriers include limited awareness of the vaccine, socioeconomic status, perception of risk based on sexual history, fear of vaccine safety, sociocultural, economic, and religious factors. Conclusions. Policy, provider, and patient-focused intervention approaches to increasing dissemination of the HPV vaccine are proposed to increase among black women and Latinas.
Field hospital: HEAL Africa and the politics of compassion in Eastern Congo1:

The essay explores the image of the church as field hospital so as to make explicit the interconnections between evangelism, ecclesiology, and politics. Founded by Dr. Jo Lusi and his wife Lyn, HEAL Africa’s holistic ministry in and around Goma in Eastern Congo provides an illuminating example of mission’s critical and constructive engagement with societies, change, and conflict. Accordingly, by attending to the story of HEAL Africa, the essay shows how the church’s engagement with a wounded world takes the form of compassion in its many dimensions. Thus, what HEAL Africa’s compassionate engagement in Eastern Congo helps to illumine are the historical, practical, and spiritual dimensions of the church as a field hospital.
The helping orientations inventory: Measuring propensities to provide autonomy and dependency help

Research on helping behavior distinguishes between giving recipients the tools to solve problems for themselves (autonomy-oriented help) and direct solutions not requiring recipients’ involvement (dependency-oriented help). Across three studies, we examined whether individuals can be characterized by dispositional propensities toward offering autonomy-oriented and/or dependency-oriented help. In initial studies, factor analyses revealed the two hypothesized Helping Orientations Inventory scales along with an additional scale capturing opposition to helping, all acceptable in internal consistency and test-retest reliability (Study 1a – 1c). Next, we found that the three scales related in distinct ways to constructs from the intergroup (e.g., social dominance orientation) and interpersonal (e.g., empathic concern) helping literatures (Study 1d and 1e). Additionally, these orientations predicted satisfaction with volunteer behavior (Study 2) and interest in future volunteering (Study 3). Overall, people vary in their helping orientations, and these orientations implicate a range of variables relevant to intergroup and interpersonal helping.
Time in Therapeutic Range, as a Determinant of All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Hypertension.

BackgroundAccumulating evidence indicates that reducing systolic blood pressure (BP) to <140 mm Hg improves health outcomes; however, an optimal level has not yet been determined. Many population s...
Cellular Sources Of Cytokines in Pulmonary Fibrosis

One of the graver consequences of any insult to the lung is pulmonary fibrosis. The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is no different in this regard, since it may progress to end-stage fibrotic lung disease. Hence understanding the pathogenesis of this response to lung injury and inflammation would be of benefit in planning future strategies for determining prognosis and management of ARDS patients.
Situated Cognition: Contemporary Developments

Situated perspectives on cognition take as fundamental the assumption that cognition is inherently tied to the social and cultural contexts in which it occurs. Contemporary research in this area can be divided into two traditions. The first of these, cultural historical activity theory, draws directly on the work of the Russian psychologists Lev Vygotsky and Alexei Leont'ev to investigate the forms of reasoning that people develop as they participate in particular cultural practices. The second tradition, distributed cognition, emerged as a reaction to mainstream cognitive science and focuses on people's use of the immediate environment as a cognitive resource. Both traditions appear to be in progressive phases and are currently addressing a range of issues that include transfer and the consequences of participating in conflicting practices.
Longitudinal association of child maltreatment and cognitive functioning: Implications for child development

Although research investigating associations among child maltreatment, cognitive functioning, and academic achievement has grown in recent years, important questions remain. In particular, assessing the influence of maltreatment apart from that of other co-occurring and confounding factors remains difficult. This study was developed to further the field's understanding by investigating cognitive functioning in association with time-variant maltreatment patterns. Using multiple time-variant linear mixed models, we investigated the relationships between maltreatment timing and three domains of cognitive functioning (i.e., knowledge, comprehension, and analysis). In general, the cognitive functioning of students who experienced maltreatment was lower than that of their peers who had yet to experience maltreatment at the time of testing. Results of LMM indicated that the cognitive functioning of students who experienced maltreatment concurrent with the testing year fluctuated over time whereas the cognitive functioning of students who experienced maltreatment prior to or after the testing year remained stable. Students who experienced concurrent maltreatment showed the lowest functioning of any group. While maltreatment timing was a significant predictor of cognitive functioning over time, the addition of poverty into the model resulted in a non-significant effect of maltreatment timing. Additional research is needed to disentangle the longitudinal effect of maltreatment on cognitive functioning and address the interacting role of poverty and chronic maltreatment.
Lessons learned from the investigation of a sustained increase in paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions (P-HSR) at a large community oncology practice: A mystery not fully solved.

233Background: Trillium Health Partners (THP) is a large community oncology practice that has a culture of quality and safety. An investigation was triggered by a perceived increase in the rate of P-HSR during a weekly quality huddle in the chemotherapy suite. At the time THP had no formal hypersensitivity reaction tracking process. A retrospective review of P-HSR over the preceding 18 months identified an increase in reaction rates from a baseline of 1% to 4.5% that started 3 months prior to the raised concern. Methods: A systematic quality review was undertaken to identify triggers for the change and to identify steps to decrease P-HSR to baseline. There was no identified change in premedication, administration or compounding practice and no association with drug or lot number was identified. The increase in P-HSR was coincident with a change in the intravenous (IV) pumps and tubing system across the hospital. The change in IV pumps introduced several potential triggers including: a change in the option...
Abstract NS6: Post TPA Neuro Vitals, a New Approach With the Help of an Old Friend

Background: Post tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) physiological and neurological vital sign checks are an important and required part of stroke patient care. Physiological monitoring is aided by ...
Barbiturate-induced dyskalaemia in patients with traumatic brain injury patient

A young man with severe traumatic brain injury and refractory intracranial hypertension was treated with a barbiturate coma. A rare side effect of barbiturates is dyskalaemia. The dyskalaemia presented with acute hypokalaemia that quickly became hyperkalaemia. Both electrolyte disturbances can have serious physiological complications. The cellular cause of the dyskalaemia is not well understood. The correct diagnosis and treatment of barbiturate dyskalaemia is essential in providing care. Clinicians treating patients with barbiturates need to be aware of this rare side effect. Our patient was quickly and correctly treated for the dyskalaemia and suffered no complications related to this side effect.
Discontinuity of topological entropy for Lozi maps

Recently, Buzzi [Maximal entropy measures for piecewise affine surface homeomorphisms. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.29 (2009), 1723–1763] showed in the compact case that the entropy map f→htop(f) is lower semi-continuous for all piecewise affine surface homeomorphisms. We prove that topological entropy for Lozi maps can jump from zero to a value above 0.1203 as one crosses a particular parameter and hence it is not upper semi-continuous in general. Moreover, our results can be extended to a small neighborhood of this parameter showing the jump in the entropy occurs along a line segment in the parameter space.
Plasmonic metasurfaces with tunable gap and collective SPR modes (Conference Presentation)

Optical properties of a plasmonic metasurface made of a monolayer of gold nanoparticles in close proximity to an aluminum thin film were studied numerically and experimentally. Extinction spectra of the plasmonic metasurface were studied as functions of the thickness of a dielectric spacer between the monolayer of gold nanoparticles and the aluminum film in the visible wavelength range. The goal was to study the excitation of a collective surface plasmon resonance (SPR) mode and a gap plasmon mode as well as their dependence on the spacer thickness, nanoparticles spacing and their size. By using finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) calculations we find that the SPR extinction peak first red-shifts and then splits into two peaks. The first extinction peak is associated with the collective SPR mode of the monolayer and it shifts to shorter wavelengths as the spacer layer decreases. As the spacer layer decreases from 35 nm to 7.5 nm, the second peak gradually appears in the extinction spectra of the metasurface. We assign the second peak to the gap mode. The gap mode first appears at around 620 nm or greater and it shifts to larger wavelength for larger nanoparticle spacing and size. The FDTD simulations are confirmed by an examination of the dispersion curves of a similar multilayer system. The computational results match the experimental results and confirm the excitation of the two modes.
Women and the Constitution

Since the drafting of the federal Constitution in 1787, the legal status of women in the United States has passed through four distinct phases and is on the brink of entering a fifth one. In this two-hundred-year period, there has been more change in the last twenty years than in the previous onehundred- and-eighty. Yet, a decade and a half ago scholarly classes about women and the Constitution could not be taught because too little primary research had been conducted in either the new social history with its subfield of women or the latest version of the new legal history with its subfield of sex discrimination.Both subfields reflect the increased interest of historians and lawyers in interdisciplinary research techniques developed in this country and abroad since the 1960s.
The Effect of Facilitative Versus Inhibitory Word Training Corpora on Word Reading Accuracy Growth in Children With Dyslexia

We modeled word reading growth in typically developing (n = 118) and children with dyslexia (n = 20), Grades 2–5, across multiple exposures to 30 words. We explored the facilitative versus inhibito...
Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss Associated With Nivolumab Therapy for Stage IV Malignant Melanoma.

Objectives:Present the case of a 67-year-old male with stage IV malignant melanoma who presented with uveitis and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) while on nivolumab and review the literature for ...
Using simulation to understand annual sea lamprey marking rates on lake trout

Abstract Sea lampreys attack fish, killing some and leaving marks on others. Great Lakes fishery managers rely on observed marking rates to assess the success of the sea lamprey control program and estimate sea lamprey-induced mortality of lake trout. Because marking rates are only observed on survivors of sea lamprey attacks, they may not provide a reliable index of actual attack or mortality rates. To investigate the effect of survivor bias, we developed a simulation model representing a single season (June–December) of sea lamprey attacks. Simulated attack rates varied with month and lake trout size; simulated pierce and lethality rates varied with month alone. Surveyed marking rates were represented by simulated survivors in October; true rates were calculated from all simulated lake trout (dead and alive) in December. Simulation results were subsetted to include only those within the range of marking rates actually observed in the Great Lakes. Type A (piercing) marking rates were a good index of the sea lamprey attack rate and the sea lamprey-induced mortality rate if annual lethality rates were relatively constant. Type B (non-piercing) marking rates were a good index of the sea lamprey attack rate and the sea lamprey-induced mortality rate if annual pierce rates were relatively constant. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the pierce and lethality rates, we recommend that sea lamprey abundance information be incorporated in existing lake trout statistical catch-at-age models via a functional response component relating sea lamprey feeding to lake trout abundance, if possible.
The gendered politics of fieldwork and state medicine in the Altos of Chiapas, 1940–1960

This article examines how an expanding Mexican state sought the insights of ethnographic theory and practice between the 1940s and 1950s. Focusing on the Instituto Nacional Indigenista Coordinating...
How Do We Introduce Political Science? A Study of Introductory Requirements at National Colleges and Universities

Despite the essential position of introductory courses within most political science departments’ curricula, comprehensive comparisons of introductory requirements for majors have been somewhat rar...
Improving students’ summative knowledge of introductory chemistry through the forward testing effect: examining the role of retrieval practice quizzing

Building domain knowledge is essential to a student's success in any course. Chemistry, similar to other STEM disciplines, has a strong cumulative element (i.e., topic areas continuously build upon prior coursework). We employed the testing effect, in the form of post-exam retrieval quizzes, as a way to improve students’ understanding of chemistry over an entire semester. Students (n = 146) enrolled in Introduction to Chemistry were presented with retrieval quizzes released one week after each during-term exam (that covered that exam's content). We measured students’ level of quiz participation, during-term exam scores (a control variable), and cumulative final exam scores to determine the effectiveness of implementing a post-exam retrieval quiz system. Most critically, students completing more than 50% of the retrieval quizzes performed significantly better (i.e., more than a half letter grade) on the cumulative final exam than those who were below 50% participation as determined by one-way between-subjects ANOVA and planned follow-up analyses. We found no significant differences between the participating groups on during-term exam scores, suggesting that high achieving students were not more likely than struggling students to participate in the practice testing (and thus benefit from it).
Phonon manipulation with valley-Hall junctions

In this work, we investigate experimentally the existence of in-plane valley Hall edge states in hexagonal lattices with relaxed space inversion symmetry and we exploit them to realize non-trivial backscattering-free interfaces. We propose special tessellations of lattice domains in which multiple non-trivial domain walls coalesce to form junctions, and we study how guided waves behave when they impinge on such junctions. We show that, through a proper selection of the interface types and orientations, it is possible to achieve junctions with different and exotic wave manipulation capabilities. Specifically, we discuss two applications. The first is a direction-selective splitter, which endows its host lattice with asymmetric wave transport characteristics. The second is a signal delayer that is realized by embedding in the lattice a non-trivial waveguide loop, along which the energy can be temporarily trapped and periodically released. These junctions can serve as building blocks for a new structural logic paradigm enabled by topological mechanics.
The Intersections of Leadership and Emotions: Lessons and Actions Leading to Change

Emotions affect us, and they affect our work. Yet there is a tendency to view the role of emotion in leadership as something that must be under control and out of sight. This presents a gap in leadership practice. Emotional intelligence is one tool for capitalizing on the powerful role of emotions in human interactions for more effective leadership. In this article, we describe the relation-ship between emotions and leadership. We present findings based on data collected from participants in a recently implemented emotional intelligence leader development workshop aimed to increase participants’ understanding of emotional intelligence and improve their emotional intelligence skills toward the generation of positive organizational change.
Spontaneous resolution of cervicothoracic spinal cord syrinx after significant weight loss.

Syringomyelia or syrinx is a fluid-filled cavitation within the spinal cord that can produce symptoms of progressive myelopathy.1 Standard of care for large, symptomatic lesions involves direct surgical intervention. Here, we present a case of a woman who achieved spontaneous resolution of her cervicothoracic syrinx after significant weight loss. A morbidly obese 42-year-old woman with body mass index (BMI) of 52 kg/m2 presented with months of progressive radiating pain to the hands. The patient described intermittent paresthesia and loss of temperature sensation in the left-greater-than-right hands. She had slight incoordination and weakness of the left hand, but was otherwise motor intact. She denied issues with gait instability or bowel/bladder incontinence. She had no antecedent history of trauma nor vision loss/symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). MRI of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine without contrast revealed a large, cervical and thoracic syrinx, measuring 14 mm in the greatest diameter (figure 1). Notably, she had no Chiari malformation. MRI of the brain, cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine with contrast as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow imaging sequencing demonstrated no occult neoplasms, arachnoid webs, nor intracranial lesions. Figure 1 Initial consultation MRI, before weight loss, year 2017. (A) MRI T2 without contrast of the cervical spine, sagittal reformat: reveals capacious T2 hyperintense signal throughout the entirety of the cervical …
Marx on Gender, Race, and Social Reproduction: A Feminist Perspective

Feminists have long criticized Marx’s political theory for its exclusionary concentration on industrial production and waged labour as the key components of the capitalist organization of work, and the main terrain of working-class struggle. While supporting this critique through an analysis of Marx’s major works, and discussing the consequences of this reductive conception for Marx’s understanding of the function sexism and racism in capitalist society, the article shows how feminists have nevertheless found in Marx the foundation for anti-capitalist perspective grounded on the recognition of social reproduction as a crucial terrain of capital accumulation and social change. ‘Reproduction’, however, is not conceptualized as the opposite or the complement of production, but as a broader, more inclusive perspective from which to rethink work, class, ‘revolution’, beyond the fragmentations capitalism imposes upon our lives. Feminism is the necessary perspective for a reconstruction of Marxism fit to respond to the struggles of our time.
The challenge of SARS-CoV-2 environmental monitoring in schools using floors and portable HEPA filtration units: Fresh or relic RNA?

Testing surfaces in school classrooms for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can provide public-health information that complements clinical testing. We monitored the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in five schools (96 classrooms) in Davis, California (USA) by collecting weekly surface-swab samples from classroom floors and/or portable high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) units. Twenty-two surfaces tested positive, with qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) values ranging from 36.07-38.01. Intermittent repeated positives in a single room were observed for both floor and HEPA filter samples for up to 52 days, even following regular cleaning and HEPA filter replacement after a positive result. We compared the two environmental sampling strategies by testing one floor and two HEPA filter samples in 57 classrooms at Schools D and E. HEPA filter sampling yielded 3.02% and 0.41% positivity rates per filter sample collected for Schools D and E, respectively, while floor sampling yielded 0.48% and 0% positivity rates. Our results indicate that HEPA filter swabs are more sensitive than floor swabs at detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA in interior spaces. During the study, all schools were offered weekly free COVID-19 clinical testing. On-site clinical testing was offered in Schools D and E, and upticks in testing participation were observed following a confirmed positive environmental sample. However, no confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified among students associated with classrooms yielding positive environmental samples. The positive samples detected in this study appeared to reflect relic viral RNA from individuals infected before the monitoring program started and/or RNA transported into classrooms via fomites. The high-Ct positive results from environmental swabs further suggest the absence of active infections. Additional research is needed to differentiate between fresh and relic SARS-CoV-2 RNA in environmental samples and to determine what types of results should trigger interventions.
Photoluminescence Blinking and Reversible Electron Trapping in Copper-Doped CdSe Nanocrystals.

Single-particle photoluminescence blinking is observed in the copper-centered deep-trap luminescence of copper-doped CdSe (Cu+:CdSe) nanocrystals. Blinking dynamics for Cu+:CdSe and undoped CdSe nanocrystals are analyzed to identify the effect of Cu+, which selectively traps photogenerated holes. Analysis of the blinking data reveals that the Cu+:CdSe and CdSe nanocrystal “off”-state dynamics are statistically identical, but the Cu+:CdSe nanocrystal “on” state is shorter lived. Additionally, a new and pronounced temperature-dependent delayed luminescence is observed in the Cu+:CdSe nanocrystals that persists long beyond the radiative lifetime of the luminescent excited state. This delayed luminescence is analogous to the well-known donor–acceptor pair luminescence of bulk copper-doped phosphors and is interpreted as revealing metastable charge-separated excited states formed by reversible electron trapping at the nanocrystal surfaces. A mechanistic link between this delayed luminescence and the luminescen...
A Review of: “Meeting the American Diabetes Association Standards of Care: An Algorithmic Approach to Clinical Care of the Diabetes Patient. Davidson, Mayer B.”

Davidson, past president of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), wrote this book to help health professionals understand and handle the process and outcome measures needed to improve diabetes m...
Adaptive iterative CDMA multiuser detection in unknown multipath channels

This paper presents an adaptive iterative (turbo) receiver for coded asynchronous CDMA systems. This receiver consists of a soft-input soft-output (SISO) multiuser detector, which is implemented in the weighted least squares (WLS) sense with the BCJR algorithm, and a bank of SISO channel decoders. All parameters needed for the receiver are estimated or adaptively obtained. Simulation results show that in a multicellular environment the proposed adaptive turbo receiver outperforms the matched filtered turbo receiver in terms of bit error rate (BER) performance. It is observed that the turbo principle allows significant reduction in training overhead. As the SNR increases, the adaptive receiver's BER performance is found to approach the optimal WLS receiver's performance.
Association of chromosome territories with the nuclear matrix. Disruption of human chromosome territories correlates with the release of a subset of nuclear matrix proteins.

To study the possible role of the nuclear matrix in chromosome territory organization, normal human fibroblast cells are treated in situ via classic isolation procedures for nuclear matrix in the absence of nuclease (e.g., DNase I) digestion, followed by chromosome painting. We report for the first time that chromosome territories are maintained intact on the nuclear matrix. In contrast, complete extraction of the internal nuclear matrix components with RNase treatment followed by 2 M NaCl results in the disruption of higher order chromosome territory architecture. Correlative with territorial disruption is the formation of a faint DNA halo surrounding the nuclear lamina and a dispersive effect on the characteristically discrete DNA replication sites in the nuclear interior. Identical results were obtained using eight different human chromosome paints. Based on these findings, we developed a fractionation strategy to release the bulk of nuclear matrix proteins under conditions where the chromosome territories are maintained intact. A second treatment results in disruption of the chromosome territories in conjunction with the release of a small subset of acidic proteins. These proteins are distinct from the major nuclear matrix proteins and may be involved in mediating chromosome territory organization.
Advanced in situ characterization of TIM1 reliability

Innovative in situ Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) hot stage metrology was developed to understand packaging process and failure mechanisms through elevated temperature. For solder thermal interface materials (STIM), AuIn2 intermetallic compound (IMC) spallation during indium melting is proposed to explain its formation mechanism correlated to STIM thermal degradation. For the first time, AuIn2 IMC spallation is validated by direct observation of its dynamic behavior at elevated temperature using in situ ESEM hot stage metrology. In situ ESEM hot stage study also demonstrates that package dynamic warpage is a key contributor for corner delamination of polymer thermal interface materials (PTIM). It is found that the force applied with heatsink at the platform level helps to alleviate the risk of PTIM delamination. Application of in situ ESEM hot stage metrology to predicting package thermal performance and understanding package dynamic warpage induced failures are discussed.
142Nd Evidence for Early (>4.53 Ga) Global Differentiation of the Silicate Earth

New high-precision samarium-neodymium isotopic data for chondritic meteorites show that their 142Nd/144Nd ratio is 20 parts per million lower than that of most terrestrial rocks. This difference indicates that most (70 to 95%) of Earth9s mantle is compositionally similar to the incompatible element–depleted source of mid-ocean ridge basalts, possibly as a result of a global differentiation 4.53 billion years ago (Ga), within 30 million years of Earth9s formation. The complementary enriched reservoir has never been sampled and is probably located at the base of the mantle. These data influence models of Earth9s compositional structure and require revision of the timing of global differentiation on Earth9s Moon and Mars.
On the low-frequency electrical polarization of bacterial cells in sands

[1] We performed electrical measurements on sands flushed with bacterial suspensions of varying concentration. The first experiment was conducted with Shewanella putrefaciens (biomass 0–0.5 mg/L) and the second with Escherichia coli (biomass 0–42 mg/L). We measured a biomass-dependent low-frequency (10 Hz) polarization. At cell density 12 mg/L polarization increased (up to 15%). We attribute the decrease in polarization at low cell density to alteration of the mineral-fluid interface due to mineral-cell interactions. The polarization enhancement at higher cell density is possibly a pore throat mechanism resulting from decreased ionic mobility and/or electron transfer due to cell accumulation in pores.
Bacterial expression and purification of recombinant Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein.

We report the expression and purification of recombinant rodent malarialPlasmodium yoeliicircumsporozoite surface protein (PyCSP) inEscherichia coli.To facilitate purification of the recombinant protein, the PyCSP was expressed as an amino-terminal fusion protein to glutathioneS-transferase and as a carboxy-terminal fusion protein to a hexahistidyl tag. The expression of the fusion protein was controlled by the inducibletacpromoter. Under optimal conditions the immunoreactive PyCSP represented approximately 0.04% of the total cell lysate. Western blot analysis probing with an anti-PyCSP antibody revealed a wide array of immunoreactive bands. Material isolated by affinity purification on glutathione–Sepharose 4B resin also contained multiple bands indicative of premature termination or carboxyl-terminal degradation. Analysis of protein retained on a nickel nitrilotriacetic acid resin revealed evidence of amino-terminal deleted material. Combining the two mild affinity purifications resulted in isolation of a single immunoreactive protein of approximate molecular weight of 96 kDa. We anticipate that the approach described in this study will facilitate the production of highly purified recombinant proteins.
Nature and Culture in Central Brazil: Panará Natural Resource Concepts and Tropical Forest Conservation

The Panara, a Ge tribe of Central Brazil, were nearly exterminated when the government opened a road through the center of their territory in the early 1970s. The survivors were relocated, and 15 yr later returned to reoccupy their remaining territory. The story of the Panara is representative of the Brazilian Indians of the Amazon, who since the 1970s have won recognition of their rights to more than 1 million km2 or 20% of the Amazon—the largest expanse of tropical forest under any form of protection in the world. The article examines how Panara natural resource concepts have informed this process of dislocation and return, as well as their implications for the long-term sustainability of the Panara territory.
Morel receives 2005 Maurice Ewing medal

Francois M. M. Morel received the Ewing Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, which was held on 7 December 2005, in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is given for significant original contributions to the scientific understanding of the processes in the ocean; for the advancement of oceanographic engineering, technology, and instrumentation; and for outstanding service to marine sciences