cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphological and molecular variation among populations of tidewater (Menidia peninsulae) and inland (M. beryllina) silversides: insight into drivers of adaptation and speciation of silverside fishes

Inland (Menidia beryllina) and tidewater silversides (M. peninsulae) are the most common of the Menidia fishes along the Texas coast, USA. Though genetically distinct, these species are morphologically very similar and often segregate by salinity with M. beryllina occupying fresh to brackish salinities and M. peninsulae occupying brackish to oceanic salinities. Their ranges are known to overlap, suggesting the possibility for interspecific competition, and significant hybridization has been documented. This study utilizes an integrative approach of morphological and molecular techniques to examine if divergent environmental constraints (inland freshwater impoundments versus coastal saline bays) could potentially result in parallel changes in morphology among populations of Menidia spp. occupying similar habitat types or if Menidia spp. occupying the same areas exhibit divergent changes in morphology (i.e., character displacement) suggesting historic interspecific competition. While both coastal (sympatric) and inland (allopatric) forms of M. beryllina showed significant morphological separation from M. peninsulae, coastal populations were slightly more similar to M. peninsulae than inland populations. Intraspecific comparisons revealed significant morphological and molecular variation among M. beryllina populations and limited variation among M. peninsulae populations. These findings coupled with a review of past Menidia work suggest that salinity regimes may drive the presence of M. beryllina in coastal bays, with increased salinity restricting movement of this species among river drainages resulting in both interspecific and intraspecific isolation. Thus, morphological and molecular variation in Menidia seems to be driven primarily by environmental conditions with interspecific competitive interactions of little significance. This study is the most comprehensive comparison of these species to date and conclusions may be applied broadly to the process and sequence of speciation of Menidia fishes in the Gulf of Mexico.
Heuristic Solutions to Technical Issues Associated with Clustered Volatility Prediction using Support Vector Machines

We outline technological issues and our findings for the problem of prediction of relative volatility bursts in dynamic time-series utilizing support vector classifiers (SVC). The core approach used for prediction has been applied successfully to detection of relative volatility clusters. In applying it to prediction, the main issue is the selection of the SVC training/testing set. We describe three selection schemes and experimentally compare their performances in order to propose a method for training the SVC for the prediction problem. In addition to performing cross-validation experiments, we propose an improved variation to sliding window experiments utilizing the output from SVC's decision function. Together with these experiments, we show that accurate and robust prediction of volatile bursts can be achieved with our approach
Showdown in New York After a Quartet Debacle

A key note speech of President Obama (May 2011) renewed hope of peace process resumption on the basis of a substantive framework. The chapter brings the reader inside a crucial Quartet meeting in Washington, where a US proposal offering parameters on territory and security couldn’t be endorsed. The main sticking point was recognition of Israel as the “Jewish state.” After this Quartet debacle a showdown in New York became inevitable: President Abbas applied to the Security Council for full UN membership—a request still pending to date. The UN track being activated by the Palestinians would have implications for both them and the UN, which are also discussed in this chapter.
‘Artists are a tool for gentrification’: maintaining artists and creative production in arts districts

This study investigates the relationship between arts-themed development and the strategies used by neighborhood stakeholders, including artists and other marginalized populations, to maintain thei...
Making Space for the Embodied Participation of Young Disabled Children in a Children’s Centre in England

This chapter (re)-presents three stories and reflections on the perspectives of one young disabled child’s experiences of participation in the context of a children’s centre in England. Young disabled children are often excluded from participatory processes and are amongst the least listened to people in society. This chapter shows how to reflexively ‘read’ children’s multimodal communicative practices and pay attention to the often taken-for-granted objects, routines and interactions of their everyday lives. To make space for a more inclusive theory of participation that embraces young, non-verbal disabled children, participation needs to be framed to incorporate embodied performances (including bodily gestures, acts of resistance, emotional tone), as well as voice.
Erythrocyte folate, serum vitamin B12, and hearing loss in the 2003-2004 National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Studies based on food frequency questionnaires suggest that folate and vitamin B12 intake could protect against hearing loss. We investigated whether erythrocyte folate and serum vitamin B12 levels are independently associated with hearing loss in humans. Participants in the 2003–2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who had data on hearing, folate, and vitamin B12 levels were included. Pure-tone average (PTA) at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 kHz was computed for each ear. We used weighted logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relation between quartiles of folate and vitamin B12, and hearing loss (present if PTA > 25 dB in either ear and absent if PTA ≤ 25 dB in both ears). Participants (n = 1149) were 20–69 (mean 42) years old and 16.4% had hearing loss in at least one ear. Our data suggest a U-shaped relationship between folate and hearing loss. Compared to the 1st quartile, the ORs (95% CIs) for hearing loss were 0.87 (0.49–1.53), 0.70 (0.49–1.00), and 1.08 (0.61–1.94) for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile of erythrocyte folate in analyses adjusted for age, sex, vitamin B12, smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, race/ethnicity, exposure to noise, income, and education. Although we observed inverse associations between vitamin B12 and hearing loss, the associations were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Our data show a U-shaped relationship between erythrocyte folate levels and hearing loss, suggesting a need to evaluate whether optimizing blood folate levels could prevent hearing loss.
Engineering Control of Noise Problems in Florida’s Citrus Industry

Enforced regulations on permissible levels of noise exposure in all industrial plants can be anticipated in the near future. The Walsh-Healy Public Contracts Act, which specifies safety and health standards for federal supply contracts, is an example of federal legislation that already imposes such regulation on many industries.Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME
Single Mode Supersymmetric Laser Array

Multimode emission adversely affects phased-locked laser arrays resulting in chaotic behaviors. Utilizing optical supersymmetry, we experimentally demonstrate a single mode laser array where a superpartner array eliminates undesired higher order transverse modes.
Cholinergic Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease: Basis for Nerve Growth Factor Therapy

Neurotrophins play an important role in the survival, differentiation, and maintenance of neurons selectively involved in a number of disorders of the nervous system. Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a vital role for basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs), including the maintenance of the cholinergic phenotype in adults. Recognition of this role has suggested the use of NGF to ameliorate the loss of these neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While clinical studies directed at supplying NGF to patients continue to be pursued, fundamental questions remain as to the relationship between selective vulnerability of cholinergic neurons and the actions of NGF. In this chapter, we review the structure and function of the basal forebrain cholinergic system, its role in higher cognitive functions, and the importance of NGF actions on these cells. Studies that link changes in NGF signaling to the degeneration of BFCNs are then discussed, as are current approaches to NGF-related treatments. Finally, on the basis of recent findings in mouse models of AD and Down syndrome, we suggest that impaired retrograde axonal transport of NGF plays a significant role in pathogenesis. This insight may guide future studies of pathogenesis and innovative treatment for BFCNs and, perhaps, other neurons affected in AD.
Neuroimmune axis as a basis of therapy in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized clinically by the loss of memory (especially of recent events), intellect and cognitive functions. The etiology and the pathophysiology of AD is unknown, and there is no effective treatment available. Recent research, however, has provided some good hypotheses [1–3] which state that the causative factors in AD are: (a) a virus infection; (b) abnormal function of immune system; (c) genetic elements as in ‘familial’ AD; (d) disturbance of brain biochemistry (neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and/or neurotropic factors); and (e) exposure to toxic substances like aluminum. Recently, a temporal link of an unconventional viral agent was suggested in AD; this was shown based upon the transmissibility of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD)-like histopathology in the hamsters inoculated intracerebrally with buffy coat cells (white blood cells) of the blood from AD patients [8]. Several immune studies have shown abnormalities of both cell-mediated and humoral immunity, supporting an immune hypothesis in the pathogenesis of AD or at least in a subset of immune origin [4–6], especially since clinical as well as genetic heterogeneity [7] are known to exist among AD patients. However, it is not known if any of these factors directly or indirectly are responsible for the development of abnormal brain biochemistry and pathology or vice-versa.
\(\mathsf {Free\ }{} \mathtt{IF} \): How to Omit Inactive Branches and Implement \(\mathcal {S}\)-Universal Garbled Circuit (Almost) for Free

Two-party Secure Function Evaluation (SFE) allows two parties to evaluate a function known to both parties on their private inputs. In some settings, the input of one of the parties is the definition of the computed function, and requires protection as well. The standard solution for SFE of private functions (PF-SFE) is to rely on Universal Circuits (UC), which can be programmed to implement any circuit of size \(s \). Recent UC optimizations report the cost of UC for \(s \)-gate Boolean circuits is \(\approx 5 s \log s \).
Foetal hypoxia impacts methylome and transcriptome in developmental programming of heart disease

Aims Antenatal hypoxia negatively impacts foetal heart development, and increases the risk of heart disease later in life. The molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we conducted a genome-wide analysis to study the impact of antenatal hypoxia on DNA methylome and transcriptome profiling in foetal and adult offspring hearts. Methods and results Pregnant rats were treated with normoxia or hypoxia (10.5% O2) from Day 15 to Day 21 of gestation. Hearts were isolated from near-term foetuses and 5-month-old male and female offsprings, and DNA methylome and RNA-seq were performed. Methylome data shows a sharp dip in CpG methylation centred at the transcription start site (TSS). CpG islands (CGIs) and CpG island shores (CGSs) within 10 kb upstream of the TSS are hypomethylated, compared with CGIs and CGSs within gene bodies. Combining transcriptome, data indicate an inverse relation between gene expression and CpG methylation around the TSS. Of interest, antenatal hypoxia induces opposite changes in methylation patterns in foetal and adult hearts, with hypermethylation in the foetus and hypomethylation in the adult. Also, there is significant sex dimorphism of changes in gene expression patterns in the adult offspring heart. Notably, pathway analysis indicates that enrichment of inflammation-related pathways are significantly greater in the adult male heart than those in the female heart. Conclusion Our study provides an initial framework and new insights into foetal hypoxia-mediated epigenetic programming of pro-inflammatory phenotype in the heart development, linking antenatal stress, and developmental programming of heart vulnerability to disease later in life.
Chapter 17 – Family Coronaviridae

Members of the family Coronaviridae are large, enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses. They are the largest known RNA viruses, with genomes ranging from 25 to 32 kb and virions of 118–140 nm in diameter. The family is divided into two subfamilies, the Coronavirinae and the Torovirinae. They can be distinguished on the basis of their nucleocapsids as the toroviruses have unique doughnut-shaped nucleocapsids. Virions are roughly spherical and are notable for the large spike (S) glycoprotein that extends from the virus envelope. Current taxonomy places the family in the order Nidovirales. Within the subfamily Coronavirinae are four genera, the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and deltacoronaviruses. All family members share the same unique strategy for mRNA synthesis whereby the polymerase complex jumps or moves from one region of the template to a more distant region. The need for the polymerase complex to dissociate from the template may explain the high rate of RNA recombination that occurs during genome replication. Both the coronaviruses and toroviruses are enteric and respiratory tract pathogens, usually associated with only mild disease (or inapparent infection). However the human severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus cause severe respiratory diseases.
Identification Before Prescription: Necessary Changes for the Support of Transgender Youth.

Professional guidelines have established puberty-blocking treatment (PBT) as an appropriate intervention for transgender youth (World Professional Association of Transgender Health 2011; Hembree et...
Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone [1-34] Augments Chondrogenesis of the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage of the Temporomandibular Joint.

ObjectiveTo characterize the long-term effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone (I-PTH) on the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and subchondral bone of the temporomandibular joint, in vivo an...
Relatedness within and among northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) colonies at a local scale

We assessed parentage within and among maternity colonies of northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897)) in north-central Kentucky, USA, from 2011 to 2013 to examine colony...
Retrospective analysis of outcomes with different adjuvant treatments in cholangiocarcinoma: An NCDB review.

e15677Background: Annually approximately 5000 cases of cholangiocarcinoma are reported in the US. Of these, less than 40% are treated surgically with a curative intent. Post resection, local and di...
Modeling Theories and Modeling Phenomena: A Humanist’s Initiation

My introduction to modeling has gone through various stages. The first stage, in which I worked with the modeling team, was like an initiation process in which, as the initiate, I trusted my guides without really knowing where we were going or what the outcome would be. During this stage, I worked with the modeling team and a class of ten students – three doctoral students and seven undergraduates – to model Rodney Stark’s theory of why new religious movements succeed or fail. Based on our collaborative discussion of Stark’s ten propositions, the modeling team developed an agent-based model of Stark’s theory in NetLogo. In addition to analyzing the theory to help generate the model, the students and I provided the modeling team with historical data on ten NRMs in order to test the model against what actually happened. The model is currently at the validation stage, so we do not yet have analytical results. The second stage involved learning the basics of NetLogo and the discovery of generative social science, which builds models from the ground up in order to develop theories. This allowed me to distinguish between two different goals – modeling an extant theory in order to test it and modeling a phenomenon in order to generate a theory. This gave me a better understanding of what the modelers did to model Stark’s theory and a sense of choices I can make as I move forward. I hope to draw from both experiences to model a phenomenon central to my own research.
East Central Kansas Experiment Field Introduction

The research program at the East Central Kansas Experiment Field is designed to keep area crop producers abreast of technological advances in agronomic agriculture. Specific objectives are to (1) identify topperforming varieties and hybrids of wheat, corn, soybean, and grain sorghum; (2) establish the amount of tillage and crop residue cover needed for optimum crop production; (3) evaluate weed and disease control practices using chemical, no chemical, and combination methods; and (4) test fertilizer rates, timing, and application methods for agronomic proficiency and environmental stewardship.
Children's school readiness skills across the pre-K year: Associations with teacher-student interactions, teacher practices, and exposure to academic content

Abstract The present study reports associations between features of directly observed classroom processes and school readiness skills across the academic year for 1498 children enrolled in publicly funded pre-K programs in a large and diverse county. In models adjusting for a range of child and family covariates, evidence was detected for the separate, and on occasion additive, associations of several classroom process features with children's skills – overall quality of teacher-student interaction, teachers' direct involvement in educational activities, the rigor of those activities in terms of difficulty, and children's exposure to academic content. Associations were not widespread or large, and overall children's performance appeared to increase modestly when classrooms were more educationally focused and structured, and teachers were supportive and responsive as they were involved with children. Results are discussed in light of efforts to improve the benefits of pre-K programs on children's learning.
Neural Correlates and Mechanisms of Trust

The decision to trust is the foundation for proper functioning in technology, work, and social environments. For this reason, it is of critical interest to understand and investigate the brain mechanisms involved in human trust for the neuroergonomics community. This chapter seeks to review the current understanding of the neurotransmitters and different neural correlates involved in the decision to trust compared to the decision not to trust. The neurotransmitters with these multifaceted behaviors are Oxytocin and Testosterone. While previously dubbed, the “love hormone” oxytocin is now believed to have an impact on the brain’s encoding of prediction error, and therefore its ability to modify preexisting beliefs. Testosterone, which was thought of as an inhibitor of trust, only shows decreases of trust only in men and a subgroup of women who displayed social naivety. The structural correlates involved in trust/distrust identified are the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (specifically the ventromedial PFC and orbitofrontal cortex), the insula, caudate, amygdala, and anterior paracingulate cortex (PCC). The caudate and anterior paracingulate cortex are currently thought to be involved with the positive decision to trust, whereas the prefrontal cortex, insula, and amygdala seem to have higher correlations with the negative decision to distrust. The academic literature used to determine these correlates methodology included lesion studies, intranasal administration, fMRI imaging of the trust game, and transcranial direct stimulation studies.
CATENATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF INTEGRATIVE RECOMBINATION: COMPARISON OF SUPERTWISTED AND NONSUPERTWISTED SUBSTRATES

ABSTRACT Site-specific integrative recombination can occur in vitro between the attachment site of bacteriophage A and that of its host E. coli . If both attachment sites are oriented on the same super-twisted circular DNA molecule so that the “common-core” sequences of each attachment site have the same 5′ to 3′ polarity, then intramolecular recombination produces a pair of interlocked circular products. However, when nicked or relaxed closed circular substrate recombines intramolecularly some products are not catenated. Thus the extent of catenation of product circles is a consequence of the highly inter-wound configuration of supertwisted DNA and not an intrinsic feature of the reaction mechanism itself. We discuss the finding of catenated as well as free products following recombination of nonsupertwisted substrate in light of a recent statistical treatment of a physical model for circular DNA.
Intrapleural Penetration of a Clavicle Fracture: An Indication for Operative Fixation.

Introduction Clavicle fractures are common injuries treated by orthopedic surgeons, with most injuries managed nonoperatively. Operative fixation of clavicle fractures is indicated in specific clinical scenarios such as open injuries, ipsilateral shoulder trauma, or fractures with associated neurovasculature compromise. Operative fixation is not widely accepted for closed injuries and is typically reserved for instances of failed closed treatment with resultant nonunion or delayed union. Among the complications associated with clavicle fractures, pneumothorax has not been commonly reported. We report a case of a severely displaced clavicle fracture requiring operative repair through plate fixation to achieve union of the fracture as well as resolve the pneumothorax. Case report A 22-year-old intoxicated male with no past medical history was admitted to the trauma bay in stable condition after being involved in a motor vehicle accident. On the primary survey, the patient was noted to be tachypneic with decreased breath sounds over his right hemithorax. Radiographic studies of his chest demonstrated a right proximal third clavicle fracture with inferior displacement with associated partial pneumothorax; the patient was also noted to have a right femoral shaft fracture. Neurovascular examinations of his extremities were normal. A chest thoracostomy tube was inserted and placed under suction. Computerized tomography studies later revealed that the fractured clavicle had penetrated the pleura and caused the partial lung collapse. The patient was initially placed in a sling and underwent intramedullary nailing of his femur on the day of presentation. Given the severe displacement of his clavicle fracture into the lung tissue resulting in pneumothorax, there was significant concern for nonunion and lack of resolution of the pneumothorax. 2 days after stabilization of his right femur fracture, the patient underwent open reduction with internal fixation of his right clavicle. Follow-up radiographs showed a healed clavicle fracture and resolved pneumothorax. Conclusion Closed clavicle fractures typically heal uneventfully. Low energy, minimally displaced clavicle fractures can be managed nonoperatively, but high energy, significantly displaced injuries may require operative repair. Specifically, if these injuries result in pneumothorax, physicians shoulder consider operative repair for both treatment of the bony defect as well resulting pneumothorax.
Metabolite collision cross section prediction without energy-minimized structures.

Matching experimental ion mobility-mass spectrometry data to computationally-generated collision cross section (CCS) values enables more confident metabolite identifications. Here, we show for the first time that accurately predicting CCS values with simple models for the largest library of metabolite cross sections is indeed possible, achieving a root mean square error of 7.0 A2 (median error of ∼2%) using linear methods accesible to most researchers. A comparison on the performance of 2D vs. 3D molecular descriptors for the purposes of CCS prediction is also presented for the first time, enabling CCS prediction without a priori knowledge of the metabolite's energy-minimized structure.
Structural evaluation of invert-cut circular and arch shape corrugated steel pipes through laboratory testing1

Culverts are important components of highway infrastructure. They are structurally designed to support earth and live traffic loads. Corrugated steel pipes (CSPs) are widely used as culverts in Nor...
The Impacts of COVID-19 on school-based agricultural education teachers in the U.S.

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 disrupted education all over the world. Teachers and students were forced to adapt to online learning. In the U.S., school-based agricultural education (SBAE) teachers faced challenges in delivering what is traditionally a hands-on curriculum. This study used a Pedagogical Design Capacity framework to understand the experiences of four SBAE teachers at different career stages and different geographic regions of the U.S. Our results showed dissatisfaction over initial changes, frustrations over changes to program outcomes, and impacts to teacher well-being. Recommendations for research, practice, and policy are provided.
Particulate Organic Matter Distributions in the Water Column of the Chukchi Sea during Late Summer

Two oceanographic cruises were completed in September 2016 and August 2017 to investigate the distribution of particulate organic matter (POM) across the northeast Chukchi Shelf. Both periods were ...
How will things be the next time? Self in the construction of future events among school-aged children

Abstract This study examined among school-aged children the role of the self in perceived valence changes from the past to the future. Nine- to 11-year-old children (N = 57) recalled positive and negative personal events of various situations and imagined a future personal event involving the same situation following each recall. Children’s self-knowledge was assessed in terms of self-concepts for past, present, and future selves, and self-evaluations for social and cognitive competences. Children who viewed their future selves more positively and those who evaluated their cognitive competence more positively anticipated greater upward (positive) changes and smaller downward (negative) changes in their future academic performance. Children who evaluated their social competence more positively anticipated greater upward changes in their future peer relations. Furthermore, children who anticipated greater upward changes and smaller downward changes in their personal futures exhibited greater well-being. These findings shed new light on the role of self in mental time travel.
Searching for a “Sound Negro Policy”: A Racial Agenda for the Housing Acts of 1949 and 1954

Abstract The Housing Acts of 1949 and 1954 provided the foundation for slum clearance and urban renewal. Despite efforts to finesse the issue, race remained central to the formation and implementation of public policy. The Racial Relations Service (RRS), an institutional remnant of the New Deal, tried unsuccessfully to prevent local authorities from using the new federal resources to reinforce existing “ghettos.” Searching for a “sound Negro policy,” the RRS warned housing officials against pursuing such a course and offered bureaucratic resistance to individual projects deemed inimical to minority interests. The coincidence of demographic and political change in the 1950s, the subsequent dismantling of the RRS, the reaction to the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, and the passage of the Housing Act of 1954 all contributed to the use of urban renewal to create and sustain racially separate neighborhoods even as the civil rights movement gained momentum.
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF FOOTINGS TO VERTICAL LOADING

A method is developed for analysis of the vertical mode of vibration of a rigid circular footing resting on the surface of an elastic half-space. This solution includes all ranges of frequencies for steady state vibration and it is shown how the transient response caused by a pulse-type loading can be calculated from the steady state solution by a simple Fourier technique. From this development, it is shown that the elastic half-space model behaves similarly to a simply damped oscillator and a simplified analog of the mass-spring-dashpot type is proposed for practical calculations. The theoretical results are supported by comparisons with both steady state and impact test results reported in the literature.
Growth cone dynamics during the migration of an identified commissural growth cone

We have used time-lapse video microscopy to study the behavior of a neuron, Q1, that pioneers the posterior commissure of the embryonic grasshopper. Our goal is to use time-lapse video as a tool to acquire a precise picture of normal development over time, and thereby identify stereotypic activities that might indicate important interactions necessary for proper formation of the commissure. We have identified specific and reproducible behaviors that suggest the presence of underlying cellular interactions that may play a role in pathfinding. In particular, the Q1 growth cone undergoes several morphological changes as it contacts the midline. As a commissural neuron, the midline may be a target in its outgrowth; Q1's typical response upon contacting the midline with its filopodia, however, is a rapid retraction. This inhibitory reaction can be overridden by contact with filopodia of its contralateral homolog. Q1's growth cone can translocate across the midline at an accelerated rate by a process resembling “filopodial dilation” (O'Connor et al., 1990) once the two Q1 growth cones meet. Ablation of the contralateral Q1 blocks Q1's advance across the midline. We have also analyzed in detail the behavior of individual filopodia to identify behavioral differences that could indicate differences in substrate adhesivity. Except for instances of filopodial dilation seen only at the midline, we found no significant asymmetries in rates of filopodial extension and retraction, or in the survival times of individual filopodia. We suggest that either the adhesive signal used by Q1 is relatively weak, requiring the integration of many adhesive interactions by many filopodia to be resolved, or the guidance cues may not be adhesive in nature.
III–V device integration on Si using template-assisted selective epitaxy

High mobility (III–V) materials have long been anticipated to replace Si MOSFETs. But only recently [1] were scaled InAs MOSFETs reported to outperform Si devices. However, high-performing III–V devices are typically fabricated on InP substrates which are not compatible with large-scale chip manufacturing. While various III–V on Si fabrication approaches have been reported to overcome this issue, they either suffer from limited material quality or are economically not competitive compared to Si substrates. Here we demonstrate a versatile approach for heterogeneous integration of III–Vs on Si and validate this by the fabrication of multiple-gate (MuG)-FET devices. The study is complemented by performing TEM analysis, TLM and Hall measurements.
Los posibles caminos de Nietzsche en el Modernismo

Es comun considerar el modernismo como decadente, apolitico, estetico e inmoral. En epoca reciente se ha comenzado a cuestionar esta forma de entenderlo. El presente estudio estima que el modernismo puede superar los rasgos que la critica le ha asignado, al mostrar su dimension filosofica, en general, y su afiliacion a las doctrinas de Federico Nietzsche, en particular. Se examinan, en algunos escritores, los siguientes temas nietzscheanos: la crisis moral, lo macabro, el lujo, la decadencia, el arte, el artista y lo espiritual, que constituyen la base para comprender la postura especulativa que el modernismo asume ante la vida.
Expression of the Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 xisA gene from a heterologous promoter results in excision of the nifD element.

Abstract An 11-kilobase-pair element interrupts the nifD gene in vegetative cells of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. The nifD element normally excises only from the chromosomes of cells that differentiate into nitrogen-fixing heterocysts. The xisA gene contained within the element is required for the excision. Shuttle vectors containing the Escherichia coli tac consensus promoter fused to various 5' deletions of the xisA gene were constructed and conjugated into Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 cells. Some of the expression plasmids resulted in excision of the nifD element in a high proportion of vegetative cells. Excision of the element required deletion of an xisA 5' regulatory region which presumably blocks expression in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 vegetative cells but not in E. coli. Strains lacking the nifD element grew normally in medium containing a source of combined nitrogen and showed normal growth and heterocyst development in medium lacking combined nitrogen. The xisA gene was shown to be the only Anabaena gene required for the proper rearrangement in E. coli of a plasmid containing the borders of the nifD element.
The Education of a Librarian and Educator: Professor Satoru Takeuchi of Japan

The early life and professional career of Dr. Satoru Takeuchi, a noted Japanese librarian, educator, and author, are explored here within the context of Japanese library education since World War II. Professor Takeuchi, now retired from the University of Library and Information Science (ULIS) in Tsukuba, Japan, has been an influential educator, administrator, and author in Japan for well over 40 years. He has written and translated books on children’s literature, storytelling, library architecture, ethics, and comparative study of libraries and librarianship. His recent analyses of the work of S. R. Ranganathan have been very influential among library education faculty and students throughout the world. This article provides a brief look at a different cultural situation for LIS education, one that is both similar to but still different from the North American centric view. It shows how one individual was greatly influenced by the North American model but made his own adaptations based on Japanese traditions and culture.
Correlative morphologic and molecular genetic analysis demonstrates three distinct categories of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders

The posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PT-LPDs) are a morphologically heterogeneous group of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-driven lymphoid proliferations of varying clonal composition. Some PT-LPDs regress after a reduction in immunosuppression, while others progress in spite of aggressive therapy. Previously defined morphologic categories do not correlate with clonality, and neither morphology nor clonality has reliably predicted the clinical behavior of PT-LPDs. We investigated 28 PT-LPD lesions occurring in 22 patients for activating alterations involving the bcl-1, bcl-2, c-myc, and H-, K- and N-ras proto-oncogenes and for mutations involving the p53 tumor suppressor gene. We correlated the results of these studies with the morphology of the lesions, their clonality based on Ig heavy and light chain gene rearrangement analysis, and the presence and clonality of EBV infection. We found that the PT-LPDs are divisible into three distinct categories as follows: (1) plasmacytic hyperplasia: most commonly arise in the oropharynx or lymph nodes, are nearly always polyclonal, usually contain multiple EBV infection events or only a minor cell population infected by a single form of EBV, and lack oncogene and tumor suppressor gene alterations; (2) polymorphic B-cell hyperplasia and polymorphic B-cell lymphoma: may arise in lymph nodes or various extranodal sites, are nearly always monoclonal, usually contain a single form of EBV, and lack oncogene and tumor suppressor gene alterations; and (3) immunoblastic lymphoma or multiple myeloma: present with widely disseminated disease, are monoclonal, contain a single form of EBV, and contain alterations of one or more oncogene or tumor suppressor genes (N-ras gene codon 61 point mutation, p53 gene mutation, or c-myc gene rearrangement). The PT-LPDs are divisible into three categories exhibiting distinct morphologic and molecular genetic characteristics. Alterations involving the N-ras and c-myc proto-oncogenes and the p53 tumor suppressor gene may play an important role in the development and/or progression of the PT-LPDs.
Research of ionization current in liquid dielectric mixtures

The article contains further development of the author's problem. Ionization current was measured with the usage of cyclohexane mixture-silicon oil in concentration up to 20% and X-ray apparatus with alternating current up to 20 mA and voltage up to 4 kV. The measurement results of the ionization current depending on field intesting strongly react to the concentration of the mixture. The ionization current changes in an evident way depending on the lamp voltage and current.
A Comprehensive GC–MS Sub-Microscale Assay for Fatty Acids and its Applications

Fatty acid analysis is essential to a broad range of applications including those associated with the nascent algal biofuel and algal bioproduct industries. Current fatty acid profiling methods require lengthy, sequential extraction and transesterification steps necessitating significant quantities of analyte. We report the development of a rapid, microscale, single-step, in situ protocol for GC–MS lipid analysis that requires only 250 μg dry mass per sample. We furthermore demonstrate the broad applications of this technique by profiling the fatty acids of several algal species, small aquatic organisms, insects and terrestrial plant material. When combined with fluorescent techniques utilizing the BODIPY dye family and flow cytometry, this micro-assay serves as a powerful tool for analyzing fatty acids in laboratory and field collected samples, for high-throughput screening, and for crop assessment. Additionally, the high sensitivity of the technique allows for population analyses across a wide variety of taxa.
Finite Dimensional Hida Distributions

Let E be a real Hilbert space and A a densely defined linear operator on E satisfying certain conditions. Let E ⊂ E ⊂ E* be the Gel′fand triple arising from E and A. Let μ denote the standard Gaussian measure on E* and let (L2) = L2(μ). The Wiener-Ito decomposition theorem for (L2) and the second quantization operator Γ(A)* can be used to introduce a Gel′fand triple (E) ⊂ (L2) ⊂ (E)*. The elements in (E)* and (E) are called Hida distributions and test functions, respectively. A Hida distribution φ is defined to be finite dimensional if there exists a finite dimensional subspace V of E such that φbelongs to the (E)*-closure of polynomials in〈·, e1〉, 〈·, e2〉, ..., 〈·, ek〉, where the ej′s span V. In this case, δ is said to be based on V. A test function φ is said to be finite dimensional if φ ∈ (E) and there exists a finite dimensional subspace V of E such that φ is based on V. Several characterization theorems for the finite dimensional Hida distributions and test functions are obtained. Approximation theorems of Hida distributions and test functions by finite dimensional Hida distributions and test functions, respectively, are proved. The characterization theorems are based on the Gel′fand triple H(Rk) ⊂ H0(Rk) ⊂ (H*(Rk) arising from the standard Gaussian measure on Rk and the operator e−tL, where L = Δ - ∑kj=1uj ∂/∂uj. Properties and characterizations of elements in H(Rk)(Rk) and H*(Rk) are also obtained. The classical Fourier transform on the space S*(Rk) of tempered distributions is extended to the space H*(Rk). The generalized Ito formula is proved for F(B(t)) with F ∈ H*(Rk).
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children: Is it necessary and, if so, in whom?

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection continues to be an important global health problem. It is estimated that approximately 170 million people worldwide are infected with HCV [1], and although children are only a small portion of those infected and the incidence of new infections has decreased in recent years, HCV still contributes to chronic liver disease in childhood [2]. Currently, transmission occurs mainly during pregnancy or at delivery, and the transmission rate is low unless the mother is HIV-coinfected. Pre-natal screening, where done, allows identification of infected mothers and early detection of the infection in their children. Current guidelines recommend testing for HCVRNA after 18 months of age (the results being unreliable earlier in life) [3,4]. What is the natural history of hepatitis C in childhood? Several studies have tried to answer this question, but a low numbers of children in the majority of them, and the involvement in some studies of patients referred to tertiary care centres have made the results of many of these investigations questionable. Although only a very long-term prospective study on numerically valid, unselected cohorts of children infected during pregnancy or at delivery, can provide a proper estimate of the relative proportion of children who progress to end stage liver disease, studies thus far have clearly shown that children tend to have a much more benign HCV infection course than adults [5]. It is also clear that the development of severe liver disease can be accelerated by the co-occurrence of thalassemia [6], iron overload [6,7], chemotherapy [8–11], and HIV co-infection [12]. In adults, HCV therapeutic strategies have evolved frommonotherapywith interferon (IFN) alfa to combination therapywith IFN alfa and ribavirin (RBV);while in children, because of RBV-associated adverse effects (i.e. reversible hemolytic anemia, fetal abnor-
New york court sustains the executive budget

The controversy between Governor Roosevelt and the Legislature over the executive budget has been decided, partially at least, in favor of the governor. The claim of the legislature to a share in the segregation of lump-sum appropriations has been defeated; but juidcial dicta, likewise, deny this power to the governor and vest it in the department heads, thus seemingly defeating the effort to centralize responsibility in the governor
UGA Codon Position Affects the Efficiency of Selenocysteine Incorporation into Glutathione Peroxidase-1

A UGA codon and a selenocysteine insertion sequence in the 3′-untranslated region are the only established mRNA elements necessary for selenocysteine (Sec or U) incorporation during translation. These two elements, however, do not universally confer efficient Sec incorporation. The objective of this study was to systematically examine the effect of UGA codon position on efficiency of Sec insertion. In a glutathione peroxidase-1 (F-GPX1) expression vector, the UGA at the native position (U47) was mutated to a cysteine codon, and codons for Ser-7, Ser-12, Ser-18, Ser-29, Ser-45, Ser-93, Cys-154, Val-172, Ser-178, and Ser-195 were individually mutated to UGA and transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. 75Se incorporation at the 11 positions was 31, 72, 54, 105, 90, 100, 146, 135, 13, 11, and 43%, respectively, of 75Se incorporation at U47, suggesting that Sec is more efficiently incorporated at UGA codons positioned in the middle of the coding region rather than close to the 5′ or 3′ ends. Ribonuclease protection showed that these differences were not due to differences in mRNA level. When the green fluorescence protein (GFP) coding region was placed in-frame at the 5′ or 3′ ends of the coding region in F-GPX1 to produce chimeric 50–51-kDa GFP/GPX1 proteins, Sec incorporation at UGA codons, formerly close to the 5′ or 3′ ends, was increased to levels comparable to the UGA at U47. Insertion of GFP after the UAA-stop was just as effective in increasing Sec insertion efficiency as GFP inserted before the stop. These studies used a recombinant expression model that incorporated Sec at non-native UGA codons at rates equal to those of endogenous glutathione peroxidase-1 and showed that the efficiency of Sec incorporation can be modulated by UGA position; Sec incorporation at high efficiency appears to require that the UGA be >21 nucleotides from the AUG-start and >204 nucleotides from the selenocysteine insertion sequence element.
Identifying the semantic and textual differences between two versions of a program

Text-based file comparators (e.g., the Unix utility diff), are very general tools that can be applied to arbitrary files. However, using such tools to compare programs can be unsatisfactory because their only notion of change is based on program text rather than program behavior. This paper describes a technique for comparing two versions of a program, determining which program components represents changes, and classifying each changed component as representing either a semantic or a textual change.
Protein and peptide secondary structure and conformational determination with vibrational circular dichroism.

Abstract Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) provides alternative views of protein and peptide conformation with advantages over electronic (UV) CD (ECD) or IR spectroscopy. VCD is sensitive to short-range order, allowing it to discriminate β-sheet and various helices as well as disordered structure. Quantitative secondary structure analyses use protein VCD bandshapes, but are best combined with ECD and IR for balance. Much recent work has focused on empirical and theoretical VCD analyses of peptides, with detailed prediction of helix, sheet and hairpin spectra and site-specific application of isotopic substitution for structure and folding.
A device for optimal registration in navigated procedures near the petrous bone

Abstract The need for navigated procedures stems from the demand of higher accuracy. An important factor for this accuracy is the method of registration between the image data and the tracking of the patient and the tool. In this work, we investigate the use of registration with a known geometry together with a new device that enables the use of this approach for surgery near the petrous bone. A RoboDent© System was used as a standard navigation platform. We measured the distance between a planned position marked in a phantom with a metal screw and the actual position of the tool. This was done for the standard dental configuration and with a new registration device. In the standard configuration, the deviation was below 1 mm for positions in the jaw, but 6–8 mm for positions near the petrous bone. With the modified Navigation Bow, we could show that the deviation for the petrous bone positions was below 1 mm. This demonstrates the possibility of using a standard RoboDent© navigation system for interventions away from the jaw, for example near the petrous bone, if used with the new registration device.
The Behavioral Context of Strategic Choice in Negotiation: A Test of the Dual Concern Model1

The dual concern model of negotiation predicts behavioral approaches from an analysis of negotiators' motives. Previous studies of the model have shown support, but only under conditions where negotiators' motivationally prescribed behavior was the same. The present study was designed to examine the impact of several different behavioral contexts. Undergraduate students read conflict scenarios in which their concern for self and other, and the behavior of the other party were manipulated. Support for the dual concern model was found when the opponent's behavior was identical to the negotiator's own motivation-ally prescribed behavior. Across most conditions, a behavioral matching hypothesis provided a better explanation. However, interactions between motivational orientation and behavioral context suggest that negotiators' behavior may be best predicted through a combination of motivational and matching models.