cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emergency department security programs, community crime, and employee assaults.

Abstract Background: Violence against health care workers is a serious occupational health hazard, especially for emergency department (ED) employees. A significant degree of variability in security programs among hospital EDs is present in part due to the absence of federal legislation requiring baseline security features. Nationally, only voluntary guidelines from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for the protection of health care workers exist. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine ED security programs and employee assault rates among EDs with different financial resources, size, and background community crime rates. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among large and small hospitals located in communities with low or high rates of community crime. Hospital financial data were collected through the state health department, and employee assault data were abstracted from hospital OSHA logs. Comparisons were made using a chi-squared or Wilcoxon test. Results: Small hospitals located in towns with low community crime rates implemented the fewest security program features despite having the second highest rate of assault-related OSHA-recordable injuries among ED employees (0.66 per 100,000 staff hours). Conclusion: Due to the highly stressful workplace characteristics of EDs, the risk of employee assault is universal among all hospital sizes in all types of communities.
Malignant Transformation of a Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioglioma in an Infant Carrier of a Nonsynonymous TP53 Mutation

Abstract Introduction Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma is a rare intracranial neoplasm classified as World Health Organization grade I tumor under neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors (2007 World Health Organization brain tumor classification). It is usually a good prognosis, but 40% of patients require further medical, radiation, and/or surgical intervention, and 15% develop leptomeningeal spread or die from desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma. Transformation to malignant glioblastoma occurs, but the genetic alterations associated with the transformation are generally unknown. Methods We describe a desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma in a 2-month-old boy, which showed aggressive behavior, requiring debulking at 2.5 months of age and chemotherapy at 10 months of age after tumor progression. At 8.5 years of age he developed malignant transformation to glioblastoma. Chromosome microarray analysis using oligo array and genomic sequencing was performed on the biopsy specimen from 2 months of age and on the subsequent transformed malignant glioblastoma. Results After being clinically stable for 7.5-years, transformation to glioblastoma transformation occurred. He did well for 1 year but subsequently died from tumor progression. Chromosome microarray analysis using oligo array performed on the biopsy specimen obtained at 2 months of age did not reveal significant abnormalities; but there were significant genomic deletions and duplications associated with the glioblastoma. These included multiple genomic losses involving 4q and Y, gains of 5q, and amplification of 12q14. Genomic sequencing revealed a single nucleotide variant, p.R248Q in exon 7 of TP53 , in the primary desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma and the glioblastoma multiforme. Conclusions The nonsynonymous variant (p.R248Q in exon 7) of the TP53 gene is predicted to alter the structure of the L2/L3 motif of the DNA binding domain of p53 protein. It was detected in the primary desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma and glioblastoma multiforme. This child illustrates the rare recurrence of desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma with malignant transformation to glioblastoma caused by a nonsynonymous TP53 mutation, providing explanation for other rare benign tumor transformations. The TP53 gene is a known primary site of genetic alteration that predisposes to malignant tumors, and this case indicates that it might also be involved in the behavior and outcome of desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma. Therefore more genetic testing is recommended on desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma tumors, which may provide biologic prognostic markers.
Range Extensions and Rapid Dispersal of Etheostoma blennioides (Teleostei: Percidae) in the Susquehanna River Drainage

An introduced population of Etheostoma blennioides (greenside darter) in the Susquehanna River drainage has rapidly expanded its range since its discovery in the late 1960s. Geochronology of collection data in the Susquehanna River drainage provides evidence for explosive dispersal and long-range movement patterns. We discuss the current status and distribution of E. blennioides in the drainage, and suggest that other Mid-Atlantic Slope drainages with low native-darter diversity are at risk of similar colonization events. Although the long-term effect of these invasive populations is as yet unknown, we suggest that they may pose serious threats to persistence of several unique members of the Atlantic Slope ichthyofauna, especially the critically imperiled Etheostoma sellare (Maryland darter).
Purposeful gazing and vergence control for active vision

The purposeful-gazing capability of active vision offers advantages to many manufacturing tasks. This paper discusses the problems associated with purposeful gazing and fixation of attention for active vision. In binocular active vision, gazing at a selected target refers to directing the visual axes to capture the target in the (appropriate part of) the visual field by both sensors (cameras), and holding gaze refers to directing the visual axes of the sensors so as to maintain the target or point of interest in the visual field of both sensors. This paper proposes solutions to the important problems involved in gaze stabilization by developing techniques for vergence error extraction, and vergence servo control. Vergence is the tilt movement process of two visual sensors (in a binocular system) in opposite directions to fixate at a selected point. Binocular gazing is realized by decreasing the disparity which represents the vergence error. In order to obtain the disparity for extraction of vergence error, a phase-based approach that robustly and efficiently estimates vergence disparity is developed. To control vergence, we present a dual sampling-rate approach for vision-sensor-based dynamic servo control.
Factors influencing the duration of lag phase during in vitro biodegradation of compression-molded, acetylated biodegradable soy protein films

In order to make use of and exploit commercially biodegradable protein-based materials, degradation research is essential to provide information pertinent to the basic production and handling properties of such materials. It seems that the experimental methods utilized to evaluate the lag phases of protein films may be applied to other substrates under various conditions. Techniques used to determine lag phases may provide insight into the degradation challenge of maintaining the integrity of materials during use, followed by its biodegradation upon disposal. Chemically modified agricultural materials demonstrate different lag phases prior to biodegradation with lag phases perhaps quantifying modifications. Acclimated (microorganisms which are adapted or accustomed to an environment) and unacclimated microorganisms were investigated to estimate the lag phase times for soy protein-based materials. Before full degradation developed, a lag phase was observed for the acclimated and unacclimated microorganisms with the unacclimated microorganisms requiring longer periods prior to degradation.
Dynamics of Recognition between tRNA and Elongation Factor Tu

Elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) binds to all standard aminoacyl transfer RNAs (aa-tRNAs) and transports them to the ribosome while protecting the ester linkage between the tRNA and its cognate amino acid. We use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the dynamics of the EF-Tu.guanosine 5'-triphosphate.aa-tRNA(Cys) complex and the roles played by Mg2+ ions and modified nucleosides on the free energy of protein.RNA binding. Individual modified nucleosides have pronounced effects on the structural dynamics of tRNA and the EF-Tu.Cys-tRNA(Cys) interface. Combined energetic and evolutionary analyses identify the coevolution of residues in EF-Tu and aa-tRNAs at the binding interface. Highly conserved EF-Tu residues are responsible for both attracting aa-tRNAs as well as providing nearby nonbonded repulsive energies that help fine-tune molecular attraction at the binding interface. In addition to the 3' CCA end, highly conserved tRNA nucleotides G1, G52, G53, and U54 contribute significantly to EF-Tu binding energies. Modification of U54 to thymine affects the structure of the tRNA common loop resulting in a change in binding interface contacts. In addition, other nucleotides, conserved within certain tRNA specificities, may be responsible for tuning aa-tRNA binding to EF-Tu. The trend in EF-Tu.Cys-tRNA(Cys) binding energies observed as the result of mutating the tRNA agrees with experimental observation. We also predict variations in binding free energies upon misacylation of tRNA(Cys) with d-cysteine or O-phosphoserine and upon changing the protonation state of l-cysteine. Principal components analysis in each case reveals changes in the communication network across the protein.tRNA interface and is the basis for the entropy calculations.
Regulation of androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Normal prostate tissue is regulated by androgens, which activate the androgen receptor, a nuclear receptor transcription factor. Most prostate tumors retain androgen dependence, therefore, current therapies for advanced prostate cancer either reduce androgen levels or prevent binding to the androgen receptor. Despite this regimen, prostate cancer invariably progresses to a fatal, androgen-refractory state. Although these relapsed tumors are androgen independent, they are still dependent on the androgen receptor for their growth and survival. The focus of this review will be to highlight our current understanding of the mechanisms of androgen receptor activation in androgen-refractory prostate cancer. How these mechanisms of androgen receptor activation could be targeted in this advanced stage of the disease is also discussed.
Ray-normal mode and hybrid analysis of transient waves in a finite beam

Abstract General solutions for wave propagation in a beam with semi-infinite or finite length based on the Timoshenko theory are presented. The solutions are derived on the basis of the ray theory, the normal mode theory, and a hybrid formulation which combines these two theories to generate a solution valid for short time and near field as well as long time and far field. All three formulations can be formulated rigorously from a unified treatment of the inverse integral transforms. Finite beams with fixed, hinged, or free boundary conditions are considered, and a numerical example is shown to illustrate the comparison of three methods.
Surrogate Arm Modal and Transient Response Computational Analysis

Naval Research Laboratory has been developing measurement devices to study the dynamic response of the human body, commonly known as GelMan technologies in publications. This technology is currently being extended to upper extremity designs (GelMan-Upper Extremity, Figure 1a), consisting of upper arm and forearm with surrogate bones connected by a spherical joint and surrounded by generalized surrogate tissue. Computational low speed localized impact tests on the arm surrogate have been performed and compared to corresponding experiments. The outcome of this analysis can simulate the structural response of the arm, thus providing insight into preventing or mitigating injuries sustained from car accidents, sports and/ or battlefield injuries. A modal analysis and low speed impact transient analysis have also been performed on the arm surrogate constrained at the shoulder using the finite element program ABAQUS (Figure 1b). Linear elastic material properties from open literature are used for each arm component for the analysis using three dimensional, 8-noded hexahedral elements. Modes of vibration below 500 Hertz and strain-based frequency response have been obtained. A transient analysis of the arm is also being performed; von Mises stress contours, displacements and pressures inside the arm and total arm kinematics are extracted. These computational models have been validated with low speed, localized impact experiments using surrogate arm. Impacts of 10 N peak load are applied to upper arm and forearm of the surrogate model for 1 to 3 millisecond duration. Mode shapes of the arm are observed using a high speed camera and strain based frequency response curves are obtained. Experimental data (pressure and displacements) from transient test of the arm is compared to computational analysis. Agreement between the computational and experimental arm models provides a means for more advanced arm designs and loading situations.© 2008 ASME
In utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with haploidentical donor adult bone marrow in a canine model.

Abstract Objective Chimerism can be achieved in a canine model of in utero bone marrow transplantation with ≥1×10 8 CD34 + haploidentical donor cells per kilogram without graft-versus-host disease. Study design In utero bone marrow transplantation was performed by ultrasound-guided intraperitoneal infusion in 30- to 41-day-old canines with CD34 + selected cells from paternal bone marrow at doses of 1.3×10 8 to 2.5×10 10 CD34 + cells/kg. A method for marking control littermates was developed with intraperitoneal ethiodol. Postnatal studies included histologic, fluorescent in situ hybridization canine Y probe, and polymerase chain reaction–based chimerism analyses. Results Term survival was 86% to 100% for transplantations ≥34 days versus 14% and 43% at 30 and 31 days. Microchimerism ( Conclusion In utero bone marrow transplantation in a canine model achieves microchimerism with high CD34 + cell doses.
The Context of Memory Retrieval

Abstract Subjects read short paragraphs of text and then received an item recognition test. Target words were primed by words from the same sentence, by words from different sentences, or by words that had not appeared in the texts (“foil” primes). Recognition priming occurred but there was no evidence of foil-prime inhibition. These results are difficult to explain in theories of memory in which associative priming is attributed to the presence of primes in retrieval cues, but are consistent with theories in which items and interitem associations are mentally represented independently, and with spreading-activation theories. This conclusion was supported by quantitative tests of the models ACT*, SAM, and TODAM. These models were fit to the present recognition results and to data obtained from other experiments using the lexical decision task. Collectively, the results suggest that memory retrieval may be guided by an object's associations with context but not by context itself.
Photogeneration of Monomeric Porphyrins from the (tetraphenylporphyrin)Rh−In(octaethylporphyrin) Dissociation of the Rh−In Bond: Investigation of Their Reactions in the Picosecond−Microsecond Time Domain

The dissociation of the metal−metal bond in mixed-metal porphyrin dimers was investigated in the picosecond−microsecond time domain by 355 nm flash photolysis. The photogenerated metalloradicals, [(porphyrin)M•] where M = Rh, In, Tl, undergo transformations with a first- or pseudo-first-order kinetics, k = 4.1 × 1010 s-1, into intermediates that can be scavenged with CH2Cl2. On a longer time scale, dependencies of the reaction rate on the photolyte and metalloradical concentrations reveal that the secondary products undergo recombinations among themselves and reactions with excess parent complex. The illustration shows the time-resolved spectra recorded in 355 nm flash irradiations of (TPP)Rh−In(OEP) in toluene.
Lunar orbiter gravity analysis

This paper presents the results to date of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) effort at analyzing the tracking data from the five Lunar Orbiter spacecraft. Emphasis is placed on the long-arc evaluation, to which most of the work was directed, rather than on the mascon analysis, which will be reported separately. The model of the Moon's gravity field that has been derived from the long-arc analysis is interpreted in terms of the Moon's mass distribution. The results are evaluated from the point of view of consistency and of statistical significance. In particular, the various factors contributing to the uncertainty in the estimation process are discussed.
An investigation of the mechanical behavior of SCS-6/Ti-6-4 metal-matrix composite at elevated temperatures

Abstract The orthotropic, non-linear stress/strain behavior of SCS-6/Ti-6-4 metal matrix composite at room temperature, 204°C and 316°C was investigated experimentally by testing off-axis coupon specimens. A one-parameter plasticity model was used to describe this non-linear behavior. In addition, a micromechanical model assuming elastic fiber and elastic-plastic matrix was used to estimate the fiber/matrix bond strength on the basis of the apparent yield stress obtained from the off-axis test result. A failure criterion was also proposed from which the inplane shear strength of the composite was obtained.
Using gross motor milestones to identify very preterm infants at risk for cerebral palsy.

SUMMARY The authors evaluated the efficacy of 10 gross motor milestones to screen for cerebral palsy in 173 high-risk, very preterm infants (≤32 weeks gestation) followed for 18 to 24 months. Correcting for preterm birth and using population norms led to a better improvement in specificity and positive predictive values; race-specific norms did not contribute significantly. Incorporating a history of milestone attainment into the routine during sequential office visits will help health-care providers to monitor the development of high-risk infants. RESUME Utilisation des etapes motrices principales pour identifier les grands prematures a risque d'IMC Les auteurs ont evalue l'efficience de la determination de 10 etapes principales de la motricite dans le depistage de l'IMC chez 173 grands prematures (= ou <32 semaines de gestation) suivis durant 18 a 24 mois. Les corrections pour naissance prematuree et l'utilisation de normes de populations ont conduit a un progres de specificite et de valeur predictive positive; des normes propres aux races n'ont pas ete d'un apport significatif. L'introduction de la determination de l'âge d'acquisition d'etapes dans le suivi de routine devrait aider les responsables a surveiller le developpement des nourrissons a haut risque. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Meilensteine der Motorik als Parameter fur das Risiko einer Cerebralparese bei Kindern mit niedrigem Gestationsalter Die Autoren beurteilten die Aussagekraft von 10 Meilensteinen der Grosmotorik fur ein Cerebralparesescreening bei 173 sehr viel zu fruh geborenen Risikokindern (≤32 Gestationswocher), die uber 18 bis 24 Mortate kontrolliert wurden. Alterskorrektur und Antwendung von Normdaten fuhrten zur Verbesserung der Spezifitat und der Prognosen; rassenspezifische Normdaten leisteten keinen signifikanten Beitrag. Die routinemasBige Erfassung der motorischen Meilensteine bei jeder Untersuchung hilft den Verantwortlichen im Gesundheitsdienst, die Entwicklung der Kinder mit hohem Risiko zu uberwachen. RESUMEN Utilizacion de hitos de la motilidad grosera para la identificacion de laclantes muy prematuros con riesgo de paralisis cerebral Los autores evaluaron la eficacia de 10 hitos de motilidad grosera para hacer un screening de la paralisis cerebral en 173 casos de alto riesgo en lactantes muy a pretermino (≤32 semanas de gestacion) con un seguimiento de 18 a 24 meses. La correccion para el nacimiento pretermino y el uso de normas de la poblacion llevaron a mejorar la especificidad y los valores predictivos positivos; las normas especificas para la raza no contribuyeron especificamente. La incorporacion de la historia de la consecucion de los hitos en el trabajo rutinario en las visitas de despacho, ayudara a los encargados del cuidado de la salud en la monitorizacion del desarrollo de los lactantes de alto riesgo.
Dependence and industrialization strategies

Abstract This paper explores the goal of national independence (or the problem of dependence) in the context of industrial strategy. It breaks down the broad goal into components and then looks at how alternative strategies of industrialization might perform for a developing country that is concerned about reducing its dependence on the industrial world. Five types of dependence are considered as possible targets of such a policy: (1) market dependence: (2) technological dependence; (3) managerial and entreprenuerial dependence; (4) foreign capital dependence; and (5) economic inflexibility.
Influence of bovine serum albumin and alginate on silver nanoparticle dissolution and toxicity to Nitrosomonas europaea.

Bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein, reduced the toxicity of 20 nm citrate silver nanoparticles (AgNP) toward Nitrosomonas europaea, a model ammonia oxidizing bacteria, through a dual-mode protection mechanism. BSA reduced AgNP toxicity by chelating the silver ions (Ag+) released from the AgNPs. BSA further reduced AgNP toxicity by binding to the AgNP surface thus preventing NH3-dependent dissolution from occurring. Due to BSA’s affinity toward Ag+ chemisorbed on the AgNP surface, increased concentrations of BSA lead to increased AgNP dissolution rates. This, however, did not increase AgNP toxicity as the dissolved Ag+ were adsorbed onto the BSA molecules. Alginate, a model extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), lacks strong Ag+ ligands and was unable to protect N. europaea from Ag+ toxicity. However, at high concentrations, alginate reduced AgNP toxicity by binding to the AgNP surface and reducing AgNP dissolution rates. Unlike BSA, alginate only weakly interacted with the AgNP surface and was unabl...
The Modern Single-Phase Motor for Railroad Electrification

The past three years have seen a great increase of activity in the field of alternating current electrification of steam railroads and, consequently, much attention has been given to the design of the single-phase traction motors upon which the success of this type of electrification chiefly depends. The object of this paper is to describe the up-to-date motors which have been developed to meet the requirements of modern American railroading.
Is urethral sparing at cystectomya safe procedure

Urethrectomy is performed with cystectomy when the neoplasm is multifocal, at the bladder neck, or associated with carcinoma in situ (CIS). The records of the most recent 20 patients treated by radical cystectomy at our institution were reviewed. In 50 percent of the cases, the extent of disease within the bladder was found to have been underestimated to the point that a urethral sparing operation (i.e., to maintain urinary continence with an intestinal segment and an intact urethra) might have been dangerous.
Abnormalities expressed in long-term cultures of dorsal root ganglia from the dystrophic mouse

Summary We have compared the development in long-term tissue culture of dorsal root ganglia taken from normal and dystrophic mice. Cultures were prepared from late fetal (15–20 days) or neonatal mice of either the C57BL/6 dy 2 j / dy 2 j dystrophic( dy ) or C57BL/6J +/+ (control) strain and maintained until fully myelinated (5 weeks or more). Analysis by light and electron microscopy indicated tha the substantial ensheathment failure present in certain dy nerve roots in vivo is not expressed in cultures; myelination and Schwann cell numbers are comparable to control cultures. On the other hand, many of the subtle abnormalities more recently described in distal parts of peripheral nerves of dystrophic mice are expressed in the dy cultures. These include: (a) discontinuity in the basal lamina surrounding both myelin-forming and non-myelinating Schwann cells; (b) elongated nodes of Ranvier occurring along otherwise well myelinated nerve fibres; (c) relatively short myelin internodes that are increased in thickness as well as irregularities of internodes length along a nerve fiber; (d) Schwann cell nuclei substantially displaced from the central point of myelin internodes; and (e) occasional regions of incomplete ensheathment of unmyelinated nerve fibers. In discussing these observations, we present arguments that the dy nerve lesion may be explained by the presence of an abnormality in the extracellular matrix of the peripheral nerve tissues of the dy mouse.
Beyond the What, When, and How of Transference: A Consideration of the Why

Transference has generally been discussed in terms of its operating to distort the way in which a current relationship is dealt with and experienced because of one's past. In the present paper, emphasis is placed on that aspect of transference which operates as a defense, and which is called into play in response to signal anxiety associated with a "pathogenic complex" and is based on (1) a traumatic experience of stimulus overload or (2) an intrapsychic conflict stemming from instinctual drive pressure which in turn threatens a repetition of the traumatic experience. Clinical illustrations are presented in which both traumatic experience and drive-conflict forces are prominent, leading to a discussion of the here-and-now versus reconstruction of the past, as well as affective/cognitive and interpersonal/intrapsychic factors.
A compact, portable CRT-based text editor

CRT-based text editors offer a better user interface than most teletype-based text editors but are more complex and less portable. Building a screen editor as a front end to a line editor exploits existing code, yields a more compact, portable result, and permits one computer to edit another's files. This paper describes such an editor.
Psychometric testing of the revised 15-item Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale.

BACKGROUND Family caregivers of stroke survivors experience a variety of negative social, emotional, and health-related outcomes as a result of providing care. OBJECTIVES : To psychometrically test the revised 15-item Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (BCOS) measuring life changes specifically resulting from providing care. The original 10-item BCOS was improved by adding five items addressing financial well-being, level of energy, role functioning, physical functioning, and general health. METHODS Psychometric testing of the revised 15-item BCOS using a sample of 147 family caregivers of stroke survivors approximately 4 months after stroke was conducted to determine the quality of the items, internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. Most caregivers were women (78.9%), White (68.0%) or African American (29.9%), and either spouses (60.1%) or adult children (31.3%). RESULTS Satisfactory evidence of internal consistency (alpha = .90) and 2-week test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient [ICC] = .66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42-0.81) was provided, with item-to-total correlations ranging from .41 to .74. Unidimensionality was supported by confirmatory factor analysis with indices, indicating a good fit. Using hierarchical multiple regression, 36% of the BCOS variance was explained by constructs in the conceptual model [F(11,132) = 6.72, p < .001]. Criterion-related validity was supported by correlations with the 36-item Short Form (SF-36) General Health Subscale (r = .32, p < .001) and a criterion variable measuring how caregivers' lives had changed overall (r = .67, p < .001). DISCUSSION The revised 15-item BCOS has evidence of satisfactory reliability and validity in family caregivers of stroke survivors. The BCOS is a valuable measure in research and can be used to identify priority areas for nursing interventions designed to improve caregivers' outcomes.
The processing and utilization of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor following partial hepatectomy in the rat

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is a pluripotent growth factor capable of acting as a motogen, a morphogen, and a mitogen. Originally, HGF/SF was found as a blood-borne mitogen for hepatocytes and has since been determined to be very important in liver repair. Previous studies have established that HGF/SF must be proteolytically cleaved to elicit its effects. After liver injury by toxins such as carbon tetrachloride or after surgical resection, partial hepatectomy (PHX), HGF/SF concentrations increase in the blood. The aims of this study were to examine (1) which form of HGF/SF is present in the normal liver, (2) which form is present in the regenerating liver after PHX, and (3) if the HGF/SF used after PHX is derived from existing liver reservoirs. Both single-chain HGF/SF and active two-chain HGF/SF are present in normal liver, with the former being the dominant form. After PHX, the liver can be described as having two phases with regard to the use of endogenous HGF/SF. The first phase from 0 to 3 hours is the consumptive phase and is characterized by a decrease in both single-chain HGF/SF and active two-chain HGF/SF. The second phase is the productive phase. It is characterized by a pronounced reappearance of both single-chain HGF/SF as well as two-chain HGF/SF. The activation index shows a 5-fold increase over sham operations during the productive phase. The use of radiolabeled HGF/SF showed that during the first 3 hours, HGF/SF is used in part from hepatic stores. Furthermore, during the first 3 hours after PHX, only active two-chain HGF/SF is seen in the plasma.
Biochemical studies on tobacco alkaloids. III. The incorporation of C14 and N15 in alkaloid biosynthesis

Abstract Incorporation of C14 and N15 by alkaloid biosynthesis into three species of Nicotiana: N. glauca, N. glutinosa, and N. rustica, in which anabasine, nornicotine, and nicotine, respectively, are the principal alkaloids, was studied. The source of C14 was C14O2 by photosynthesis or NaHC14O3 in water solution, while N15 was supplied in nutrient solution as KN15O3. The following results were obtained: 1. (a) C14 was incorporated into the alkaloids rather slowly. No activity was found in the alkaloids from plants sampled 90 min. after initial exposure to C14O2. As C14O2-exposed plants grew, C14 was incorporated into the alkaloids, but a gradual loss of total C14 from the plant took place. 2. (b) NaHC14O3 was a poorer source of C14 from the viewpoints of alkaloid biosynthesis and of total C14 recovery than C14O2. 3. (c) The incorporation of N15 into alkaloids was selective. In N. glauca, anabasine has the highest N15 excess. In N. rustica, nicotine had the highest N15 excess. In N. glutinosa, nornicotine had the highest N15 excess when N15 was supplied starting from early stage of plant growth, while nicotine had the highest N15 excess when N15 was supplied only at a late stage of plant growth. 4. (d) Nicotine had the highest specific C14 activity of the alkaloids in the experimental plants, despite the fact that the principal alkaloids of these three species are different. 5. (e) The relative incorporation of C14 and N15 into alkaloids seems to indicate that the C14 and N15 of different alkaloids come from different pathways or precursors.
Riding the wave: student researcher reflection on the action research process

The focus of this article is the exploration of and an explanation of student researchers’ affect and activity in an action research project. Using a hermeneutical theoretical framework we argue that the researcher group as a whole constructs a wave process and at the same time each individual researcher in the group creates a wave process that may be similar or different to that of the group. These processes shape each other, through phases of engagement and disengagement in the researcher cycle, and make the research experience richer. The article examines five separate researcher narratives, extracting excerpts, to show how these examples showcase this wave phenomenon. Two themes, activity and affect, are identified in the narrative excerpts provided; sub-categories such as roles on a team and context of research are explored in these themes. The importance of explicit discussion of researcher engagement and disengagement in wave cycles is discussed.
Tangible manipulatives and digital content: the transparent link that benefits young deaf children

In this paper a prototype system called 'Language Acquisition Manipulatives Blending Early-childhood Research and Technology' (LAMBERT) is described. The system allows children, in particular Deaf pre-schoolers, to play with toys that trigger multimedia presentations designed to introduce and reinforce American Sign Language (ASL) nouns through the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). A pilot study has been conducted and initial results indicate positive perceptions of the system among educators. Advanced features of the system are currently under development and are delineated.
Application of cluster analysis to the study of piagetian stages of intellectual development

The purpose of this study was to reexamine Piagetian stages by way of the application of cluster analysis and to seek information concerning the occurrence of stages and the influence of different tasks and gender on cluster patterns. Six Piagetian tasks were administered to 182 males and 176 females ages 9 through 18 years old. Analysis and interpretation of the data suggested the following conclusions: (1) Piagetian stages exist as a general sequence through which intellectual development progresses; however, the males in the study conformed more to Piagetian stages than did the females; (2) deviation from Piagetian stages was influenced by gender and the type of task; (3) lack of synchronization of substages across several tasks suggested that Piagetian tasks were more situation-specific than indicated by Piaget, and it also helped to explain why strong, correlations among tasks at a given level have been difficult to obtain; (4) for the males, the greatest discontinuity occurred between substages IIIA and IIIB, not between IIB and IIIA as stated by Piaget; and (5) the group of 13-year-old females tended to cluster with the 17- and 18-year-old female groups, but it was not known why.
Effect of 4–6 Dinitro-o-Cresol on Yeast Respiration.

Conclusions4-6 dinitro-o-cresol affects the respiration of yeast only in the undissociated form. Inhibition is reversible by increase in pH within wide limits of concentration and exposure time. The drug acts on enzyme systems located in the periphery of the yeast cell and the action is catalytic rather than stoichiometric.
Prevalence of hiatal hernia in the morbidly obese.

Abstract Background Morbidly obese patients commonly have gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) and associated hiatal hernias. As such, some surgeons routinely perform a concomitant hiatal hernia repair during bariatric surgery. However, the intraoperative inspection for a hiatal hernia based on laparoscopic visualization can be misleading. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hiatal hernias in morbidly obese patients based on preoperative upper gastrointestinal (GI) contrast study. Methods Data on 181 patients who underwent routine upper GI contrast study as part of a preoperative workup for bariatric surgery were reviewed. The upper GI studies were examined for the presence of hiatal hernias and GERD. Hiatal hernias were categorized by size as small (≤2 cm), moderate (2–5 cm), or large (>5 cm). GERD was based on radiologic evidence and categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. Results The mean age of the cohort was 44 years, with a mean body mass index of 43 kg/m 2 . Of the 181 patients overall, based on the upper GI contrast study, the prevalence of hiatal hernia was 37.0% and of GERD was 39.8%; the prevalence of moderate or large hiatal hernia was 4.4%, and the prevalence of moderate or severe GERD was 13.3%. Conclusions Based on upper GI contrast study, we identified the presence of a hiatal hernia in nearly 40% of morbidly obese patients. The results from this study suggest that surgeons should evaluate the morbidly obese patient for the presence of hiatal hernias and perform concomitant repair at the time of the bariatric procedure, particularly in patients undergoing gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy, while less so in the gastric bypass patient.
Cost effectiveness of fingolimod, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate and intramuscular interferon-β1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

The aim of the study was to compare the cost effectiveness of fingolimod, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, and intramuscular (IM) interferon (IFN)-β1a as first-line therapies in the treatment of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). A Markov model was developed to evaluate the cost effectiveness of disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) from a US societal perspective. The time horizon in the base case was 5 years. The primary outcome was incremental net monetary benefit (INMB), and the secondary outcome was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). The base case INMB willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was assumed to be US$150,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY), and the costs were in 2012 US dollars. One-way sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were conducted to test the robustness of the model results. Dimethyl fumarate dominated all other therapies over the range of WTPs, from US$0 to US$180,000. Compared with IM IFN-β1a, at a WTP of US$150,000, INMBs were estimated at US$36,567, US$49,780, and US$80,611 for fingolimod, teriflunomide, and dimethyl fumarate, respectively. The ICER of fingolimod versus teriflunomide was US$3,201,672. One-way sensitivity analyses demonstrated the model results were sensitive to the acquisition costs of DMDs and the time horizon, but in most scenarios, cost-effectiveness rankings remained stable. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that for more than 90 % of the simulations, dimethyl fumarate was the optimal therapy across all WTP values. The three oral therapies were favored in the cost-effectiveness analysis. Of the four DMDs, dimethyl fumarate was a dominant therapy to manage RRMS. Apart from dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide was the most cost-effective therapy compared with IM IFN-β1a, with an ICER of US$7,115.
Recent developments in materials synthesis in surfactant systems

The paper reviews the use of surfactant self-assembly to template the synthesis of polymers, ceramics with extended structures, and nanoparticles. The objective of the review is to highlight newer concepts linking self-assembly to materials nanostructure and to the realization of functional materials.
Catalysis by transition metal sulfides: The relation between calculated electronic trends and HDS activity

Abstract Recent measurements of the catalytic activity of a series of transition metal sulfides showed that the ability of a particular sulfide to catalyze the HDS reaction is related to the position of the transition metal in the periodic table (Pecoraro, T. A., and Chianelli, R. R., J. Catal.67, 430 (1981)). In order to understand the specific origin of these periodic trends in activity, SCF-Xα calculations of the electronic structure of cluster models of the first and second row transition metal sulfides were carried out. The results of these calculations were used to identify several electronic factors which appear to be related to the catalytic activity of the transition metal sulfides. The computed quantities which measure these factors were combined to form an activity parameter for each sulfide. This parameter shows a direct correlation with the catalytic activity of the sulfides. A model for the binding of thiophenic molecules to the surface of the sulfide catalyst is suggested. This model is consistent both with the correlation between bulk electronic structure and catalytic activity of the sulfides and with the ligand properties of thiophene in transition metal complexes.
Cholangiocarcinoma in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Introduction Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive and nearly always fatal tumor of the biliary tract.
Reactivación de hepatitis B en un paciente con espondiloartritis tras suspender metotrexato y eficacia del tratamiento con antivirales en asociación con adalimumab

Comunicamos el caso de un varon portador cronico de virus de hepatitis B (VHB) con espondiloartritis B27 positivo que desarrollo una hepatitis fulminante tras la suspension del tratamiento con metotrexato (MTX). Una total recuperacion tras terapia con lamivudina y adefovir permitio un tratamiento con adalimumab sin otras complicaciones y buena tolerancia. La reactivacion de hepatitis B tras suspension de MTX es una complicacion muy poco frecuente, que tambien puede ocurrir con los anti-TNF. En pacientes con serologia positiva de VHB se recomienda tratamiento profilactico con antivirales
Is continuation-passing useful for data flow analysis?

The widespread use of the continuation-passing style (CPS) transformation in compilers, optimizers, abstract interpreters, and partial evaluators reflects a common belief that the transformation has a positive effect on the analysis of programs. Investigations by Nielson [13] and Burn/Filho [5,6] support, to some degree, this belief with theoretical results. However, they do not pinpoint the source of increased abstract information and do not explain the observation of many people that continuation-passing confuses some conventional data flow analyses.To study the impact of the CPS transformation on program analysis, we derive three canonical data flow analyzers for the core of an applicative higher-order programming language. The first analyzer is based on a direct semantics of the language, the second on a continuation-semantics of the language, and the last on the direct semantics of CPS terms. All analyzers compute the control flow graph of the source program and hence our results apply to a large class of data flow analyses. A comparison of the information gathered by our analyzers establishes the following points:1. The results of a direct analysis of a source program are incomparable to the results of an analysis of the equivalent CPS program. In other words, the translation of the source program to a CPS version may increase or decrease static information. The gain of information occurs in non-distributive analyses and is solely due to the duplication of the analysis of the continuation. The loss of information is due to the confusion of distinct procedure returns.2. The analyzer based on the continuation semantics produces more accurate results than both direct analyzers, but again only in non-distributive analyses due to the duplication of continuations along every execution path. However, when the analyzer explicitly accounts for looping constructs, the results of the semantic-CPS analysis are no longer computable.In view of these results, we argue that, in practice, a direct data flow analysis that relies on some amount of duplication would be as satisfactory as a CPS analysis.
The Dilemmas, Challenges, and Duality of an African-American Educational Historian:

This article examines the dilemmas and challenges of objectivity, presentism, and voice and agency I have encountered as an African-American historian of education whose research focuses on the education of Black people. A perplexing problem has been how to conduct good and “respectable” research while identifying with the African-American community I am researching. Drawing on personal research experiences and the selected work of historians and education researchers, I discuss how I have dealt with these methodological queries in my research. Despite dealing with the challenges and dilemmas of objectivity, presentism, and voice and agency in my research, I argue that the “double-consciousness” I face as an African-American scholar within the academy may be transcended by using solid and innovative conceptual and methodological approaches. The article concludes with a reiteration of emergent themes for conducting good research.
Interaction of a foliar application of iron HEDTA and three postemergence broadleaf herbicides with soybeans stressed from chlorosis

Soybeans stressed from chlorosis are often treated with postemergence herbicides to coincide with susceptibility of control of weed seedlings. Three postemergence herbicides, acifluorfen, imazamox, and lactofen were applied to chlorosis stressed soybeans with and without iron HEDTA. At one location, iron amendment resulted in lower yields with acifluorfen and lactofen. Yields were higher with iron amendment in the imazamox treatment, but lower crop injury and poorer weed control was also observed, suggesting that iron amendment antagonized imazamox. Iron amendment did not reduce visual symptoms of chlorosis, herbicide injury, nor did it result in yield increase at any location. Application of iron HEDTA with these herbicides would not be recommended for chlorosis relief.
Allies at War? Britain and the ‘Southern African Front’ in the Second World War

Extracted from text ... 1. See, for instance, Pretoria, Central Archives Depot, Smuts Papers, vol. 143, draft memorandum from H.G. Lawrence, Minister of the Interior, to Smuts, 12 June 1940, warning that South Africa needed far better intelligence and that the Departmental Committee on Internal Security considered existing security measures inadequate 'against anything like an organised attack in a sudden emergency'. 2. L.C.F. Turner, H.R. Gordon-Cumming and J.E. Betzler, War in the Southern Oceans 1939-45 (Cape Town, 1961), 238. 3. Public Record Office, Kew (hereafter PRO), CAB 66/25, Weekly Resum? of the Naval, Military and Air Situation, 4 June - 11 June 1942, p. ..
Application of the Galerkin and Ritz methods to nonconservative problems of elastic stability

In dieser Arbeit werden nichtkonservative Probleme der elastischen Stabilitat mittels des Galerkin- und des Ritz-Verfahrens behandelt. Zuerst wird bewiesen, dass die Resultate vonLeipholz bezuglich der Konvergenz des Galerkinschen Verfahrens fur solche Probleme auf eine grossere Klasse zulassiger Versuchsfunktionen erweitert werden konnen. Danach wird das Hamiltonsche Prinzip fur nichtkonservative mechanische Systeme so formuliert, dass die Ritzsche Methode auf nichtkonservative Probleme der elastischen Stabilitat angewendet werden kann, im Gegensatz zur Ansicht, dass eine solche Anwendung nicht moglich ist. Zum Schluss werden einige angenaherte Losungen des Beckschen Problems angefuhrt und verglichen, um die Begriffe zu erklaren, die am Anfang dieser Arbeit dargestellt wurden.
Growth and development of negro infants

Summary 1. We have established growth curves for the first year of life on 654 Negro infants observed in private pediatric practice. These infants were from families in the lower middle class. 2. The mean birth weight for the male and female infants was 7.66 pounds and 7.20 pounds, respectively. The mean length at 1 month of age for male and female infants was 21.1 inches and 20.9 inches, respectively. 3. At 12 months of age the weights attained were 22.59 pounds for male infants and 21.33 pounds for female infants. At 12 months of age the mean height for males was 29.8 inches and 29.5 inches for females. 4. So far as we know, our report on growth in height for the first year of life is the first to be reported on Negro infants from middle-class families. 5. We compared our results with data on Negro infants from various economiclevels (general population, indigent, low middle class) reported in the literature. The infants in our study and those reported by Bakwin and Patrick surpassed those of other series in growth throughout the first year of life. A significant difference in growth was observed when indigent infants were compared with infants from middle class levels. 6. We also compared our data with similar reports on the growth of white infants. There was no significant difference between the growth curves of Negro and white infants from comparable economic levels.