cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serum cholesterol and lipid phosphorus in dogs on an atherogenic regimen.

Abstract For many years efforts have been made to devise some means of recognizing those people who can be expected to develop clinically significant atherosclerosis. The frequent correlation of hypercholesterolemia with clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis has been pointed out by numerous investigators. 1–3 Other studies, however, have resulted in opposite conclusions, 4 and there has been much evidence presented to support the view that the cholesterol-phospholipid ratio is of more significance in this regard than is the absolute concentration of either of its components. 1,2,5,6 This communication reports a study of the levels of serum cholesterol and lipid phosphorus and the ratios of cholesterol to lipid phosphorus in a group of dogs on an atherogenic regimen. The object was to determine which of these variables is most helpful in predicting the incidence of arterial lesions under the conditions of the experiment. The very wide range of concentrations of lipids that can be studied in this way might yield information not available from a comparable study in human beings. 7
Psychological Correlates of the Transmission and Acceptance of Rumors About AIDS1

The present investigation was intended to identify the emotional and cognitive factors associated with the transmission and acceptance of widely disseminated misconceptions about AIDS. A rumor questionnaire listing 10 prevalent misconceptions about AIDS was completed by 229 college students. Consistent with predictions derived from current rumor theory (Rosnow, 1980, 1988), anxiety elicited by AIDS rumors was found to be the factor most strongly related to rumor transmission. The subjects who reported having changed their behavior as a result of the AIDS crisis also were likely to transmit AIDS rumors. Regression analysis revealed that, together, personal anxiety elicited by specific rumors and behavior change represented the strongest predictors of AIDS rumor transmission (R2= .24, p < .0001). Anxiety-provoking rumors perceived as important and personally consequential were most likely to be believed (R2= .56, p < .0001). A minority of subjects (12%) reported behavior changes that actually reduce the risk of AIDS. Implications of this research for AIDS public education campaigns are discussed.
Mature bone marrow-derived dendritic cells polarize Th2 response and suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Distinct subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) based on the origin, phenotypes, and the nature of the signals that promote DC maturation can determine polarized immune responses of T cells. In this study, DCs were cultured from mouse bone marrow (BM) progenitors in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). To generate mature DCs (mDCs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used in the culture for 24 h. LPS-stimulated DCs were phenotypically mature, which exhibited strongly upregulated CD40, B7.1, and B7.2 compared to non-LPS-stimulated immature DCs (imDCs). Both mDCs and imDCs expressed high levels of MHC class II but low level of CD54. mDCs produced higher levels of IL-10 and lower IL-12 compared to imDCs. No IFN-g or IL-4 was found in both groups. When mDCs were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to the mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the severity of clinical signs and inflammation in the CNS was significantly suppressed compared to imDC-injected mice (p<0.01) and PBS-injec...
The One-Charged Particle Decay Modes of the Tau

Tables of measurements of the total branching fraction of tau lepton decays to modes with one charged particle are given along with the major individual branching fractions. The reason a combination of measurements and calculations is needed to display the discrepancy is described briefly. It is argued that uncertainties in measurements of the branching fractions for multiple photon decay modes prevent complete reliance on experiment. The multiple photon modes are discussed in more detail. Present research on experimental technique problems relative to the apparent discrepancy is summarized. (LEW)
Cell Surface Retention Sequence Binding Protein-1 Interacts with the v-sis Gene Product and Platelet-derived Growth Factor β-Type Receptor in Simian Sarcoma Virus-transformed Cells

Abstract The cell surface retention sequence (CRS) binding protein-1 (CRSBP-1) is a newly identified membrane glycoprotein which is hypothesized to be responsible for cell surface retention of the oncogene v-sis and c-sis gene products and other secretory proteins containing CRSs. In simian sarcoma virus-transformed NIH 3T3 cells (SSV-NIH 3T3 cells), a fraction of CRSBP-1 was demonstrated at the cell surface and underwent internalization/recycling as revealed by cell surface 125I labeling and its resistance/sensitivity to trypsin digestion. However, the majority of CRSBP-1 was localized in intracellular compartments as evidenced by the resistance of most of the35S-metabolically labeled CRSBP-1 to trypsin digestion, and by indirect immunofluorescent staining. CRSBP-1 appeared to form complexes with proteolytically processed forms (generated at and/or after the trans-Golgi network) of the v-sis gene product and with a ∼140-kDa proteolytically cleaved form of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) β-type receptor, as demonstrated by metabolic labeling and co-immunoprecipitation. CRSBP-1, like the v-sis gene product and PDGF β-type receptor, underwent rapid turnover which was blocked in the presence of 100 μm suramin. In normal and other transformed NIH 3T3 cells, CRSBP-1 was relatively stable and did not undergo rapid turnover and internalization/recycling at the cell surface. These results suggest that in SSV-NIH 3T3 cells, CRSBP-1 interacts with and forms ternary and binary complexes with the newly synthesized v-sis gene product and PDGF β-type receptor at the trans-Golgi network and that the stable binary (CRSBP-1·v-sis gene product) complex is transported to the cell surface where it presents the v-sis gene product to unoccupied PDGF β-type receptors during internalization/recycling.
S.E.M. and polarization microscopy of nemertean stylets

The ultrastructure of the stylets produced by nine species of nemerteans has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) and polarized light microscopy. Stylets are solid, nail-shaped structures that typically reach lengths of 50-200 μm. Each stylet is composed of a centrally located organic matrix surrounded by an inorganic cortex that contains calcium and phosphorus. When viewed at high magnifications, fine granules can be seen throughout the organic matrix, and the cortex appears to be composed of densely packed homo-geneous material. Fractured specimens and whole matrices isolated from decalcified stylets reveal a close correspondence between the shape of the organic matrix and that of the surrounding cortex. This similarity in morphology suggests that the organic matrix serves as a template during calcification of the stylet. The fact that abundant material can be seen in the core of incinerated stylets, and in the central region of stylets that had been soaked for several hours in sodium hypochlorite, supports the hypothesis that the organic matrix is also highly calcified. Polarization microscopy of nemertean stylets indicates that they are composed of a crystalline, rather than amorphous, form of calcium phosphate. The probable organization of the calcium phosphate crystals is discussed.
Excitation of the 4 d shell in Sb, Te, and Ba F 2 with inelastic electron scattering: Collective or single particle?

Simple models suggest that the momentum-transfer ($q$) dependence of inelastic electron scattering is sensitive to the difference between collective and single-particle behavior in atomic dynamics. We measured the energy centroid of the $4d$ continuum peak for $0lq\ensuremath{\le}1.4$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in the following solids having complete $4d$ shells: Sb, Te, and Ba${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, and find that a single-particle description is favored.
Fine grain commutation: Integrated design of permanent-magnet synchronous machine drives with highest torque density

Permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) design is limited by peak magnetic flux due to material saturation or available permanent magnet remanence, RMS current due to losses and speed due to centrifugal forces. This paper describes the theoretical limit of torque density in a surface-mounted PMSM given these constraints and a means to approach it. It also explains an integrated methodology to design the high torque density motor in which each slot pair of the machine has individually controlled currents. Recent advances in device technology making power transistors faster, smaller and lighter will be the key enabler of such fine grained commutation. The integrated motor drives, apart from being compact, will eliminate separate heat sinks for inverter and motor.
Distribution of termite egg-mimicking fungi ("termite balls") in Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) nests in Japan and the United States

A termite egg-mimicking fungus was discovered in nests of the Japanese subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus in 1997 and was reported for the first time in 2000. This fungus has a mutualistic relationship with termites. When termite workers recognize eggs laid by queens, they gather the eggs to tend them. The corticioid fungus Fibularhizoctonia sp. forms sclerotia that morphologically and chemically mimic termite eggs. By mimicking eggs, the fungus is protected and may be transported by termites to a competitor-free habitat. In turn, the sclerotia enhance egg survival, probably because the antifungal and antibacterial compounds produced by the fungus protect the eggs from putative pathogens. This novel termite-fungus interaction has previously been reported only in R. speratus in Japan. In this study, I conducted wide-range sampling in Japan and the United States to investigate the distribution of egg-mimicking fungi in five Reticulitermes spp. Here I show that R. flavipes and R. virginicus in the United States, as well as R. speratus, harbor the egg-mimicking fungus. No egg-mimicking fungi were found in R. okinawanus in Okinawa and R. hesperus in California. A BLAST homology search for rDNA sequences categorized the egg-mimicking fungi isolated from R. flavipes and R. virginicus as a species of Fibularhizoctonia.
566 THE PREVALENCE OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN MIDWEST DAY CAKE CENTER

Recent studies indicate that children in day care centers (DCC) have a frequency of CMV infection that exceeds 50%. Such CMV-infected children may pose a threat to the nonimmune day care worker of childbearing age. To determine whether CMV infection was highly prevalent in a DCC in a different geographic location than previously reported, we assessed CMV excretion in 40 children from middle and upper middle class homes attending a large raidwestern DCC. The children were 88% Caucasian and ranged in age from 4 to 66 rao. Urine and/or saliva samples were obtained for CMV culture from 39 children. Four of 39 children (10%) had CMV present in saliva. Seven of 24 children (29%) had CMV in their urine. CMV viruria was found in 4 of 8 children (50%) ≤ 24 mo. old; 1 of 6 children (16%) 25 to 36 mo. of age; and 2 of 10 children (20%) > 36 mo. None of the 7 day care workers had CMV in urine or saliva. Of 5 workers in whom serum was obtained only 1 (20%) had CMV antibody detected by complement fixation. These results indicate that the prevalence of CMV infection in this DCC may be lower than the prevalence rate previously reported. Nonetheless, this study supports the observation that CMV infection frequently occurs in children attending DCC and indicates that certain epidemiologic factors, such as age of the children and geographic location of the center may affect the frequency of CMV infection.
Wanted Fathers: Understanding Gay Father Families through Contextual Family Therapy

This conceptual paper is concerned with the application of Contextual Family Therapy to gay father families (Boszormenyi-Nagy & Krasner, 1986). Gay fathers experience social and sexual stigma as a result of being both gay and male caregivers of children. Concurrently, much of family theory and therapy is laden with heteronormative assumptions and biases. However, after reviewing several studies that highlighted the activist nature of parenthood for gay fathers, Contextual Family Therapy social justice concepts of entitlement, loyalty, and legacy are offered as a new paradigm for understanding gay father families. Contextual Family Therapy therefore may frame how gay father families enact constructive entitlements for creating families that bend gender stereotypes about gay men (and men in general) as caregivers while remaining flexible and inclusive of adopted and fostered children. The professional implications discussed include suggestions for the therapeutic applications of Contextual Family Therapy wi...
Sarcomas of calvarial bones Rare remote effect of radiation therapy for brain tumors

After latent periods lasting from 7 to 23 years, sarcomas of the calvaria developed in four patients who had received radiation therapy for a brain tumor. There was no evidence of bony disease before radiation therapy, and the sarcoma (two fibrosarcomas and two osteosarcomas) developed in the field of radiation in all four patients. One of these four died during resection of the tumor, two survived for either 7 or 21 months after diagnosis of the sarcoma, and one was alive at 23 months after the clinical appearance of the sarcoma. The latter patient has had two resections and extensive chemotherapy. Distant metastases were not present in any of the patients. Sarcoma of the calvarial bones is a serious but rare remote effect of radiation therapy for brain tumors.
Development of a hybrid process and system model for the assessment of wellbore leakage at a geologic CO2 sequestration site.

Sequestration of CO2 in geologic reservoirs is one of the promising technologies currently being explored to mitigate anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Large-scale deployment of geologic sequestration will require seals with a cumulative area amounting to hundreds of square kilometers per year and will require a large number of sequestration sites. We are developing a system-level model, CO2-PENS, that will predict the overall performance of sequestration systems while taking into account various processes associated with different parts of a sequestration operation, from the power plant to sequestration reservoirs to the accessible environment. The adaptability of CO2-PENS promotes application to a wide variety of sites, and its level of complexity can be increased as detailed site information becomes available. The model CO2-PENS utilizes a science-based-prediction approach by integrating information from process-level laboratory experiments, field experiments/observations, and process-level numerical modeli...
Intraocular Medulloepithelioma in a 79-year-old Man

Abstract A benign medulloepithelioma (diktyoma) in a 79-year-old man was suspected clinically to be a malignant melanoma. This embryonic tumor arises from the ciliary epithelium and usually occurs in early childhood.
Reliable inter-vehicle communications for vehicular ad hoc networks

Safety message exchange is the most prevalent part of inter-vehicular communications which is crucial for enhancing safety and efficiency in transportation networks. Moreover, since the dissemination of safety messages directly influences our lives, their reliable delivery is of great importance. Most packet collisions in VANETs occur due to hidden nodes. In unicast communications a two-way handshaking is performed prior to the actual transmission in order to alleviate the hidden node problem. However, this procedure congests the network with a lot of overhead in case of broadcast, which is the dominant mode of communication in VANETs. Hence, in this paper we propose an alternative solution, based on retransmissions, to ensure the reliable delivery of safety messages. We argue that the specific characteristics inherent in VANETs, such as the limited density of vehicles, anticipated bandwidth and the tolerable delay, allow us to deploy a retransmission strategy. Furthermore, We prove that our proposed scheme establishes fair channel access for the consecutive retransmission opportunities of contending neighbors. Simulation results confirm that our heuristic method dramatically improves the probability of reception of safety messages regarding conventional methods.
Effect of stress and aspirin on extrahepatic portal hypertension in rats

Abstract Extrahepatic portal hypertension was induced in rats by portal venous constriction. Portal pressures on the fourth postconstriction day were significantly elevated in PVC rats when compared to control rats. Splenoportograms showed decreased hepatic flow and venous collaterals. Histologic sections showed gastric mucosal congestion in PVC rats. Gastric acid production and H + ion equilibration were similar in PVC and control rats. Rats with portal hypertension had a significant increase ( p
The Technology Teaching Lab: Meeting the ISTE Challenge

Abstract The technology teaching lab program is a series of 2-hour labs that runs concurrently with preservice methods blocks. The purpose of the lab is to give the students the experiences necessary to integrate technology into their classroom. The lab provides the students with instruction, opportunities, and equipment to take their technology-enhanced lessons directly to the field. This research found that given time, technology, assistance, and experience, students could create technology-enhanced lessons. The implementation of the technology teaching lab, connected with the profile template, provides preservice teachers with the structure and opportunities to meet the profile goals set by ISTE. Finally, the technology teaching lab and the accompanying template provides for opportunity for reflection and demonstration of best works, similar to a portfolio. The benefits from this program are visible, follow from the collected data, and provide for opportunities to infuse technology into the preservice ...
Unmyelinated axon networks in root portions of human primary canines.

Abstract Configurations of intrapulpal unmyelinated axons and their Schwann cells in human primary canine roots were analyzed in three dimensions using electron microscopy and serial sectioning. Altered axons formed less elaborate networks of fiber arrangements and exhibited a loss of Schwann cell coverings. Altered axons were segregated from networks containing unaltered axons and were presumed to be degenerating.
Variation of SEP event occurrence with heliospheric magnetic field magnitudes

Abstract Recent work based on nitrate abundances in polar ice cores has shown that large fluence solar energetic ( E > 30 MeV ) particle (LSEP) events during the spacecraft era of observations (1960–present) are diminished in comparison with those of some preceding eras detected in the ice cores dating back to 1561. McCracken et al. [McCracken, K.G., Dreschhoff, G.A.M., Smart, D.F., Shea, M.A. A study of the frequency of occurrence of large-fluence solar proton events and the strength of the interplanetary magnetic field, Sol. Phys., 224, 359–372, 2004] have reported an inverse correlation between LSEP events and the magnitudes of the associated reconstructed heliospheric magnetic fields (HMF). A physical working model by McCracken [McCracken, K.G. Changes in the cosmic ray and heliomagnetic components of space climate, 1428–2005, including the variable occurrence of solar energetic particle events, Adv. Space Res., 40, 1070–1077, 2007a; McCracken, K.G. High frequency of occurrence of large solar energetic particle events prior to 1958 and a possible repetition in the near future, Space Weather, 5, S07004, 2007b] is that the lower HMF and coronal magnetic field B imply that fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) produce shocks with enhanced Alfvenic Mach numbers M A and higher compression ratios r, leading to shock production of more numerous and energetic LSEP events. From a possible decline of the HMF over the next several solar cycles he has urged a watch for a return to the environment of high-frequency, high-fluence LSEP events preceding the current spacecraft era. His LSEP event watch involves three independent questions about (1) the physical model, (2) the prediction of decreasing solar-cycle sunspot numbers and heliomagnetic fields, and (3) the inferred anti-correlation between LSEP events and HMFs. Here we discuss observational evidence bearing on the last question and find little support for the claimed LSEP-HMF anticorrelation.
Pulmonary sequelae at six months following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Mechanical assisted ventilation for neonatal respiratory failure is associated with residual lung disease. Because ECMO rests the lungs, it has been suggested that ECMO will prevent chronic lung disease in survivors. To determine whether or not ECMO survivors have evidence of pulmonary sequelae, we studied 19 infants who were treated with ECMO for neonatal respiratory failure. Ten infants still required supplemental oxygen or pulmonary medications or both to treat clinical lung disease during the first six months of life. Thoracic gas volume was normal. Pulmonary mechanics in ECMO survivors were compared with those of 13 preterm infants with BPD at similar age. We conclude that a significant proportion of ECMO survivors have residual abnormalities in pulmonary mechanics at 6 months of age. We speculate that neonatal lung injury due to meconium aspiration and other causes is a more important determinant of abnormal pulmonary sequelae than the method of treatment.
Bias on the web

When it comes to measuring bias on the Web, there is clearly strength in numbers (of search engines, that is).
Neuroanatomical characterization of child offspring of bipolar parents.

ABSTRACT Objective To examine structural differences in selected anterior limbic brain regions between at-risk children of parents with bipolar I disorder and children with healthy parents. We hypothesized that at-risk (AR) children would exhibit abnormalities in brain regions that are involved in mood regulation. Method Children (8-12 years old) of parents with bipolar I disorder (AR children, n = 21) and of parents without any DSM-IV Axis I disorder (healthy controls, n = 24) were evaluated using diagnostic assessments and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Morphometric analyses were used to examine group differences in the prefrontal cortical, thalamic, striatal, and amygdalar volumes. Results Nine (43%) of the AR children met DSM-IV-TR criteria for a nonbipolar mood disorder at the time of assessment. AR and healthy control children did not demonstrate statistically significant differences across regions of interest (Wilks λ =.86, F 4,39 = 1.64, p = .18; effect size, f = 0.19). Post hoc analyses of covariance showed the largest relative effect size was contributed by the prefrontal cortex ( f = 0.26). Conclusions Eight- to 12-year-old children with a familial risk for mania do not exhibit any statistically significant volumetric differences in the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, striatum, or amygdala as compared with age-matched children of parents without any psychopathology. Longitudinal studies examining whether structural changes over time may be associated with vulnerability for developing subsequent bipolar disorder are needed to clarify the underlying pathophysiology of this disorder.
In Vivo Targeting of Organic Calcium Sensors via Genetically Selected Peptides

A library of constrained peptides that form stable folded structures was screened for aptamers that bind with high affinity to the fluorescent dye Texas red. Two selected clones had binding constants to Texas red of 25 and 80 pM as phage and binding had minimal effects on the fluorescence of Texas red. The peptides interact with distinct but overlapping regions of Texas red. One peptide bound to X-rhod calcium sensors, which share the same core fluorophore as Texas red. These dyes retained calcium sensitivity when bound to the peptide. This peptide was used to label a fusion protein with X-rhod-5F in vivo, and X-rhod sensed changes in calcium locally. Thus, minimal, constrained peptides can functionally bind to environmentally sensitive dyes or other organic agents in biological contexts, suggesting tools for in vivo imaging and analysis.
Anemia After Orchiectomy

The decrease in testosterone production associated with bilateral orchiectomy may result in normocytic anemia in men. We sought to determine the effect of orchiectomy on hemoglobin concentration. Patients were evaluated at the Mayo Clinic in 1993 and 1994 and underwent bilateral orchiectomy for prostate carcinoma. All patients were seen by one of the staff urologists. Patients were included if they had a normal preoperative complete blood cell count and serum levels of creatinine, if they remained without disease progression (suppressed prostate-specific antigen level and no evidence of clinical progression on review), and if they had normal serum levels of creatinine and mean corpuscular volume during the follow-up period. The patients could have no other cause of anemia. The complete blood cell count, prostate-specific antigen level, and serum level of creatinine were determined preoperatively and at least once (>90 days) after orchiectomy. Sixty-four patients were included in the analysis (median age, 68 years). The median decrease in hemoglobin concentration was 1.2 g/dL after orchiectomy. There was a statistically significant difference in the hemoglobin concentration before orchiectomy compared with postoperative values at all the intervals studied, both by the paired group t-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. There is a clinically and statistically significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration after orchiectomy. Knowledge of this phenomenon may prevent unnecessary diagnostic work-up in men with normocytic anemia after bilateral orchiectomy.
A Structural Health Monitoring System for Composite Beams With Coupled Bending-Torsion

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is the process of damage identification in structural systems which have been an area of interest and a well-recognized field of technology in the past decade. Such systems involve the integration of smart materials, sensors and decision-making algorithms into the structure to detect damage, evaluate the structural integrity and predict the remaining life time. These systems have the potential to replace traditional non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of structures.This study focuses on presenting an automated structural health monitoring (SHM) system based on detecting shifts in natural frequencies of the structure. The damage detection technique is implemented on a cracked composite beam vibrating in coupled bending-torsion where the crack is assumed open. Modal analysis is conducted on the composite beam in order to predict the natural frequency and the associated mode shapes. Based on this analysis, a database of information related to the specific composite beam being analyzed such as layups and natural frequencies are stored. The natural frequency will be measured and compared to that database for damage detection. A finite element model is also presented and compared with the analytical results. It is observed that the variation of natural frequencies in the presence of a crack is affected by the crack ratio, crack location and fiber orientation. In particular, the variation pattern is different as the magnitude of bending-torsion coupling changes due to different fiber angles.A simple circuit containing a microcontroller is implemented to simulate the automated SHM concept. The microcontroller serves as the data storage device as well as the decision maker based on the instantaneous comparison between the healthy and the damaged structure. The proposed system may be implemented in many structural components such as aircraft frames and bridges. This SHM technology may help replace the current time-based maintenance scheme with a condition-based one. The condition-based maintenance scheme relies on the ability to monitor the condition of the system and supply information of damage detection to allow a corrective action to be taken.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Homeless mentally ill clients and the quality of life

Using a sample of homeless mentally ill clients, this study examined the reliability and validity of the Satisfaction with Life Domains Scale (SLDS), a measure of subjective quality of life (QOL). The SLDS exhibited good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The SLDS was also correlated with psychopathology and self-esteem, providing some evidence for the concurrent validity of the SLDS. However, subjective QOL, as measured by the SLDS, did not correlate with comparable objective QOL measures (e.g. days stably housed, income, total service utilization), raising doubts about the validity of the SLDS and other subjective QOL measures for this population.
Spinal neurons activated with the urethrogenital reflex in the male rat

The urethrogenital (UG) reflex is a spinal ejaculatory-like reflex. The location of spinal neurons activated by the UG reflex was examined in the male rat using the immediate early gene, c-fos. In addition, co localization of neurons containing galanin and choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) and serotonin fibers with fos-immunoreactive (fos-I) nuclei was examined. Activation of the UG reflex resulted in a significant increase in fos positive nuclei in segments T13-S1, compared to controls in which the UG reflex was not activated. Spinal circuits involved in the UG reflex include neurons relaying afferent information from the pudendal sensory nerve, in the dorsal horn and medial cord of L5-S1. Interneurons specifically activated with the UG reflex were identified in the medial, intermediate and lateral gray. A small proportion of parasympathetic and sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of L5-S1 and IML and medial gray of T13-L2, respectively, was activated with the UG reflex. A significant increase in the number of galanin containing neurons expressing c-fos in the medial gray of L3-L4 was also observed with the UG reflex. Serotonin fibers and varicosities were found throughout the spinal cord and were especially dense in the ventral horn, IML and medial gray. Fos activated neurons were found in close apposition to serotonin fibers in the IML and medial gray. These studies demonstrate the multisegmental intraspinal circuitry responsible for ejaculatory-like responses and demonstrate the potential involvement of galanin, acetylcholine and serotonin in mediation of the UG reflex.
An exactly solvable anharmonic Bohr hamiltonian and its equivalent boson hamiltonian

Abstract The eigenenergies and eigenfunctions of the bound states of an anharmonic quadrupole oscillator are derived in closed form. An interacting boson model hamiltonian is found which has the same eigenspectrum.
Electronic Spectra of Crystalline Germanium and Silicon

A detailed calculation of the energy bands of germanium and silicon has been performed by use of the pseudopotential method. The first three potential coefficients have been determined empirically, and all higher ones set equal to zero. This potential was used to compute the energy eigenvalues at \ensuremath{\sim}50 000 points throughout the Brillouin zone. By use of this sample, we calculated the imaginary part of the dielectric constant in the optical and near ultraviolet where direct transitions between the valence and low-lying conduction bands dominate the response. Photoelectric yield curves were obtained for comparison with recent experiments. In all cases agreement of theory and experiment was reasonable. Energy contours were constructed in several of the principal symmetry planes. These were used to explain the structure in the optical properties of Ge and Si in terms of transitions near certain important critical points. Effective masses and the static dielectric constant were also computed.
Debye representation and multipole expansion of the quantized free electromagnetic field

Quite often in classical electrodynamics, a problem is simplified, considerably, by choosing an appropriate representation for the field. Well-known examples are the Cauchy initial-value problem and the Dirichlet or Neumann boundary-value problem. For the Cauchy problem an ideal representation for the field is a plane-wave expansion [1]; this being so because the plane-wave fields form a complete set of solutions to the wave equation into which the Cauchy data can be easily expanded. For the case of Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions given on an infinite plane surface, together with Sommerfeld’s radiation condition at infinity, a plane-wave expansion is again appropriate, although in this case it is necessary to include evanescent (inhomogeneous) plane waves in the expansion [2], Plane-wave expansions are not always the most appropriate representation to use, however. For example, with Dirichlet or Neumann conditions prescribed on the surface of a sphere, it is desirable to expand the field into a multipole expansion since the multipole fields form a complete, orthogonal set of functions on such surfaces [3].
On the Outskirts of National Health Reform: A Comparative Assessment of Health Insurance and Access to Care in Puerto Rico and the United States

Policy Points: Puerto Rico is the United States’ largest territory, home to nearly 4 million American citizens, yet it has remained largely on the outskirts of US health policy, including the Affordable Care Act (ACA). We analyzed national survey data from 2011 to 2012 and found that despite its far poorer population, Puerto Rico outperforms the mainland United States on several measures of health care coverage and access to care. While the ACA significantly increases federal resources in Puerto Rico, ongoing federal restrictions on Medicaid funding and premium tax credits in Puerto Rico pose substantial health policy challenges in the territory. Context Puerto Rico is the United States’ largest territory, home to nearly 4 million American citizens. Yet it has remained largely on the outskirts of US health policy, including the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This article presents an overview of Puerto Rico's health care system and a comparative analysis of coverage and access to care in Puerto Rico and the mainland United States. Methods We analyzed 2011-2012 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and 2012 data from the American Community Survey and its counterpart, the Puerto Rico Community Survey. Among adults 18 and older, we examined health insurance coverage; access measures, such as having a usual source of care and cost-related delays in care; self-reported health; and the receipt of recommended preventive services, such as cancer screening and glucose testing. We used multivariate regression models to compare Puerto Rico and the mainland United States, adjusted for age, income, race/ethnicity, and other demographic variables. Findings Uninsured rates were significantly lower in Puerto Rico (unadjusted 7.4% versus 15.0%, adjusted difference: −12.0%, p < 0.001). Medicaid was far more common in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rican residents were more likely than those in the mainland United States to have a usual source of care and to have had a checkup within the past year, and fewer experienced cost-related delays in care. Screening rates for diabetes, mammograms, and Pap smears were comparable or better in Puerto Rico, while colonoscopy rates were lower. Self-reported health was slightly worse, but obesity and smoking rates were lower. Conclusions Despite its far poorer population, Puerto Rico outperforms the mainland United States on several measures of coverage and access. Congressional policies capping federal Medicaid funds to the territory, however, have contributed to major budgetary challenges. While the ACA has significantly increased federal resources in Puerto Rico, ongoing restrictions on Medicaid funding and premium tax credits are posing substantial health policy challenges in the territory.
Physician attitudes concerning legal coercion of pregnant alcohol and drug abusers

Abstract Objective: We sought to determine the attitudes of obstetricians, pediatricians, and family practice physicians in Michigan concerning involvement of the criminal justice system in preventing drug and alcohol abuse during pregnancy. Study design: Physicians were sent a questionnaire by mail asking for their agreement with statements concerning the involvement of the criminal justice system with respect to substance abuse during pregnancy. Results: Nearly all (95%) agreed that pregnant women have a moral duty to ensure they had healthy babies; 59% agreed that they should also have a legal responsibility to do so. Most physicians (77%) agreed that screening for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome during pregnancy should be mandatory. Almost as high a percentage (61% to 75% depending on subspecialty) were also in favor of mandatory screening for alcohol abuse; agreement for screening for illicit drugs was much lower (43% to 55% depending on subspecialty). Despite their consensus (61%) that fear of prosecution would deter pregnant abusers from seeking prenatal care, most were in agreement that existing laws regarding child abuse and neglect need to be redefined to include alcohol (54%) and drug abuse (61%) during pregnancy; 52% were in favor of enacting a statute that includes drug or alcohol use during pregnancy as "child abuse" for purposes of removing that child from maternal custody. Physicians were highly in favor of compulsory treatment for illicit drug use and alcohol abuse for women already in the criminal justice system (82%-83%), neutral with respect to court-ordered contraception for alcohol- (50%) and drug-abusing women (47%), and opposed to criminal prosecution for either alcohol abuse (18%-31% depending on subspecialty) or illicit drug use (23%-34%) during pregnancy. Conclusions: Other than criminal prosecution, physicians are not opposed to involvement of the legal justice system in preventing alcohol and drug abuse during pregnancy. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:768-72.)
Large-Eddy Simulation of Flow over Two-Dimensional Obstacles: High Drag States and Mixing

Abstract A three-dimensional large-eddy simulation (LES) model was used to examine how stratified flow interacts with bottom obstacles in the coastal ocean. Bottom terrain representing a 2D ridge was modeled using a finite-volume approach with ridge height (4.5 m) and width (∼30 m) and water depth (∼45 m) appropriate for coastal regions. Temperature and salinity profiles representative of coastal conditions giving constant buoyancy frequency were applied with flow velocities between 0.16 and 0.4 m s−1. Simulations using a free-slip lower boundary yielded flow responses ranging from transition flows with relatively high internal wave pressure drag to supercritical flow with relatively small internal wave drag. Cases with high wave drag exhibited strong lee-wave systems with wavelength of ∼100 m and regions of turbulent overturning. Application of bottom drag caused a 5–10-m-thick bottom boundary layer to form, which greatly reduced the strength of lee-wave systems in the transition cases. A final simulatio...
Clotting factor levels and the risk of diffuse microvascular bleeding in the massively transfused patient

Clotting factor activities and coagulation screening tests in 36 massively transfused patients were measured after every 12 units of blood and whenever diffuse microvascular bleeding (MVB) developed. Moderate deficiencies in clotting factors were common, but they were not associated with MVB. MVB was associated with severe abnormalities of coagulation, i.e. a fibrinogen level less than 0.5 g/l or clotting factor levels less than 20%. The quantitative relationship between the prothrombin (PT) and partial thromboplastin (PTT) times and underlying clotting factor levels was explored by multiple linear regression. Clotting factor levels accounted for only 65-85% of the variability in these tests. However, clotting factor activities less than 20% were reliably reflected by marked prolongations of the PT and PTT (values greater than 1.8 times control). Our data suggest that commonly used replacement formulas are not likely to prevent MVB, since consumption of platelets and/or clotting factors, rather than simple dilution, is a major cause of the deficiencies leading to MVB. Modified whole blood alone was sufficient replacement therapy for most patients. Guidelines for transfusion of supplemental components during massive transfusion are given.
Sirolimus-induced alveolar hemorrhage

Sirolimus is a well-known, potent immunosuppressant that is widely used in solid-organ transplantation, but it is not without potential side effects. A rare but devastating adverse effect is sirolimus-associated pulmonary toxicity. We report a case of sirolimus-induced diffuse alveolar hemorrhage confirmed by bronchoscopic findings (after other possible etiologies were ruled out) and by clinical and radiographic resolution of the pulmonary signs and symptoms a few days after sirolimus administration was stopped. This case and the existing literature on this topic suggest that sirolimus-induced pulmonary toxicity should be suspected in any patient taking immunosuppressants and who develops unexplained pulmonary symptoms.
Nur77 Orphaned at Birth but Adopted by the Nuclear Factor κB Signaling Pathway

See related articles, pages 742–749 The nuclear receptor superfamily is a group of transcription factors that regulate diverse physiological processes including development, metabolism, inflammation, and immunity.1 It contains several groups including steroid receptors, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors, liver X receptors, and NR4A receptors that have generated considerable interest in the field of vascular biology because they influence vascular homeostasis and diseases such as atherosclerosis. In this issue of Circulation Research , You et al2 study the founder member of the NR4A family, a gene called Nur77 (or NR4A1, TR3, NGFIB), and demonstrate for the first time that it can suppress proinflammatory activation of endothelial cells (ECs). Nur77 was originally identified by differential hybridization screening as a nerve growth factor–induced gene in pheochromocytoma cells.3 The domain structure of Nur77 resembles that of other nuclear receptors and contains an N-terminal activating function-1 domain, a zinc finger DNA-binding domain, and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain. A ligand has not been identified for Nur77 (or for any of the NR4A proteins), and it has therefore been classified as an orphan receptor; however, recent structural studies suggest that Nur77 may be activated through ligand-independent mechanisms.4 This idea is consistent with the observation that Nur77 is regulated at the transcriptional level and can be induced in multiple cell types by a variety of stimuli including growth factors, fatty acids, cytokines, hormones, neurotransmitters, and mechanical forces.4 Emerging data suggest that Nur77 influences vascular homeostasis and disease by controlling the physiology of macrophages, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and vascular endothelium. Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease in which monocytes …
Games I/O Automata Play (Extended Abstract)

We introduce a game approach for specifying reactive systems. In particular, we define a simple two-player game between System and Environment, and consider the outcomes of such a game as a specification of a reactive system. We introduce six classes of game languages. We then show that the class of languages generated by I/O automata equals one of our game classes. An immediate corollary to the proof is that the fairness condition of I/O automata, which is defined as an extrinsic property by Lynch and Tuttle, can be incorporated as an intrinsic part of the automata. We also show closure properties of the six game classes. For example, we show that the class of languages defined by I/O automata is closed under union and hiding but not under intersection or complementation. The closure results are obtained by reasoning directly about games, thus demonstrating the advantage of the game-based approach.
Stopover duration of mallards during autumn in the Illinois River valley

Estimates of time spent at migratory stopovers are often used to develop habitat conservation objectives for a variety of avian species, namely waterfowl. Because of limited previous research and a need for accurate conservation planning objectives, we estimated stopover duration and factors influencing stay of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in Illinois using radio telemetry during autumns 2009 and 2010. Total stopover duration of migrating mallards was approximately 68 days and was approximately twice that of previous studies which could have significant implications on habitat needs used for conservation planning purposes. Duration of stay post-capture did not vary by sex, body condition, year, or age but was inversely related to capture date. Our results suggest that wetland conservation objectives could increase 16.2% if our contemporary estimates were included in current planning models of the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture. 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of morphology on the magnetic properties and transition noise of longitudinal CoCrTa/Cr thin film media

The effects of grain morphology on the magnetic properties and transition noise, and their correlation with magnetic interactions of longitudinal CoCrTa/Cr thin-film media have been studied. An increase of the Cr deposition temperature increases the Cr grain size, resulting in a slight increase in the in-plane coercivity, but neither a reduction in magnetic coupling nor an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio was observed. However, an increase of the CoCrTa deposition temperature was found to increase the in-plane coercivity and reduce the transition noise significantly. >
A revised hurricane pressure-wind model

A new technique for relating central pressure and maximum winds in tropical cyclones is presented, together with a method of objectively determining a derivative of the Holland b parameter, bs, which relates directly to surface winds and varies with the pressure drop into the cyclone center, intensification rate, latitude, and translation speed. By allowing this bs parameter to vary, a realistic scatter in maximum winds for a given central pressure is obtained. This provides an improvement over traditional approaches that provide a unique wind for each central pressure. It is further recommended that application of the Dvorak satellite-interpretation technique be changed to enable a direct derivation of central pressure. The pressure– wind model derived here can then provide the maximum wind estimates. The recent North Atlantic data archive is shown to be largely derived from the use of the Dvorak technique, even when hurricane reconnaissance data are available and Dvorak overestimates maximum winds in this region for the more intense hurricanes. Application to the full North Atlantic hurricane archive confirms the findings by Landsea (1993) of a substantial overestimation of maximum winds between 1950 and 1980; the Landsea corrections do not completely remove this bias.
Disowning Commodities EBooks, Capitalism, and Intellectual Property Law

This article explores the changing social function of commodities in the United States by exploring the conditions of possibility of electronic books, or “ebooks.” By juxtaposing the history of pri...