cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute pain management for patients undergoing thoracotomy

Management of thoracotomy pain can be difficult, but the benefits of effective pain control are significant. A variety of modalities for treating postoperative pain after thoracotomy are available, including systemic opiates, regional analgesics, and new oral and parenteral agents. This work provides a review of the literature and recommendations for the clinician.
Light emission from surface-plasmon and waveguide modes excited by N atoms near a silver grating

We examine the coupling of excited N atoms, at distances $d$ away from a silver grating, to the usually nonradiative surface-plasmon and waveguide modes of a metal-dielectricvacuum system. For $dl{({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{D}\ensuremath{-}1)}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ensuremath{\lambda}}{4}$, where ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{D}$ is the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer and $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is the wavelength of light at the frequency of the excitation, only the surface-plasmon mode exists. It is directly excited by the near field of the N atoms and radiates via the grating. For $d\ensuremath{\ge}{({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{D}\ensuremath{-}1)}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ensuremath{\lambda}}{4}$, waveguide modes also exist. They also can decay radiatively via the grating. Conservation of momentum parallel to the surface to within an integer number of Bloch waves of the grating determines the angular distribution of the emitted radiation. The agreement between the experimentally measured and theoretically predicted angular distributions is excellent. The dielectric constant of condensed ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ is deduced to be ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{D}=1.51\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=523$ nm.
Assessing bioenergetic function in response to oxidative stress by metabolic profiling

It is now clear that mitochondria are an important target for oxidative stress in a broad range of pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Methods for assessing the impact of reactive species on isolated mitochondria are well established but constrained by the need for large amounts of material to prepare intact mitochondria for polarographic measurements. With the availability of high-resolution polarography and fluorescence techniques for the measurement of oxygen concentration in solution, measurements of mitochondrial function in intact cells can be made. Recently, the development of extracellular flux methods to monitor changes in oxygen concentration and pH in cultures of adherent cells in multiple-sample wells simultaneously has greatly enhanced the ability to measure bioenergetic function in response to oxidative stress. Here we describe these methods in detail using representative cell types from renal, cardiovascular, nervous, and tumorigenic model systems while illustrating the application of three protocols to analyze the bioenergetic response of cells to oxidative stress.
Retinal pigment epithelial transport mechanisms and their contributions to the electroretinogram

Abstract The translocation of ions, fluid and macromolecules across epithelia is made possible by the asymmetric distribution of transport proteins, enzymes and receptors in two physically distinct plasma membrane domains that form the apical and basolateral sides of the cell. Each side faces a different extracellular environment. In the back of the vertebrate eye, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) apical membrane receives a continuous stream of paracrine signals that are generated by a variety of retinal neurons in the light and dark. These signals help regulate RPE function, and conversely, alterations in RPE function can modify the activity of retinal neurons. At the basolateral surface, there is a continual exchange of nutrients and waste products, along with a flow of hormonal signals from the choroidal blood supply, all of which serve to maintain the health and integrity of the distal retina and in particular, the photoreceptors. This review provides an integrated summary of the apical and basolateral membrane and intracellular signaling mechanisms that mediate the vectorial traffic of ions and fluid across the RPE. These same mechanisms help regulate the chemical milieu within the cell and in the extracellular spaces that surround the cell. They also generate specific components of the electrical signals that are recorded clinically across the intact human eye, the electroretinogram (ERG) and the electrooculogram (EOG). The last part of this review is focused on the light-induced photoreceptor-dependent decrease in subretinal potassium concentration ([K] 0 ) that occurs in the intact eye and serves as a paracrine signal for the RPE. This signal plays a central role in regulating RPE physiology and in mediating retina/RPE interactions, following transitions between light and dark; it is mimicked in vitro by a small (3 m m ) change in [K] 0 on the apical side of the epithelium. The clinical implications are discussed in terms of the transport mechanisms that regulate hydration of the subretinal space and that potentially mediate fluid absorption out of the retina.
Manganese-Substituted Carbonic Anhydrase as a New Peroxidase

Carbonic anhydrase is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. Replacing the active-site zinc with manganese yielded manganese-substituted carbonic anhydrase (CA[Mn]), which shows peroxidase activity with a bicarbonate-dependent mechanism. In the presence of bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide, (CA[Mn]) catalyzed the efficient oxidation of o-dianisidine with kcat/KM=1.4 x 10(6) m(-1) s(-1), which is comparable to that for horseradish peroxidase, kcat/KM=57 x 10(6) m(-1) s(-1). CA[Mn] also catalyzed the moderately enantioselective epoxidation of olefins to epoxides (E=5 for p-chlorostyrene) in the presence of an amino-alcohol buffer, such as N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (BES). This enantioselectivity is similar to that for natural heme-based peroxidases, but has the advantage that CA[Mn] avoids the formation of aldehyde side products. CA[Mn] degrades during the epoxidation limiting the yield of the epoxidations to <12 %. Replacement of active-site residues Asn62, His64, Asn67, Gln92, or Thr200 with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis decreased the enantioselectivity demonstrating that the active site controls the enantioselectivity of the epoxidation.
El golpe de calor en la actividad física y el deporte (versión traducida al español)

El golpe de calor por esfuerzo (GCE) es una de las causas principales de muerte subita durante el deporte y la actividad fisica. Solamente en el futbol americano han ocurrido 46 muertes documentadas en los EE.UU. entre 1995 y 2010. En el 2003, la asociacion responsable por los deportes universitarios de los EE.UU. establecio pautas obligatorias de aclimatizacion al calor, las cuales tuvieron como resultado una disminucion exitosa en el numero de muertes por golpe de calor en ese deporte. Sin embargo, a pesar de los avances en la atencion medica moderna y una mayor conciencia sobre medidas de seguridad para el calor, la falta de atencion adecuada en el sitio para los pacientes continua contribuyendo GCE, especialmente a nivel juvenil. Esta debidamente establecido en las publicaciones cientificas que es posible, en gran medida, prevenir las muertes por GCE en los contextos de deportes organizados, si se brinda una educacion apropiada y se dispone de personal medico entendido en el reconocimiento y tratamiento del GCE. En este documento se hace una revision de las mejores practicas medicas actuales y de la evidencia sobre la epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, factores de riesgo, reconocimiento, tratamiento, prevencion y recomendaciones sobre el regreso a la practica deportiva para el GCE, especificamente en lo pertinente al contexto del deporte organizado.
Phagocytosis inhibition and reversal. II. Possible role of pyruvate as an alternative source of energy for particle uptake by guinea-pig leukocytes.

Abstract The mechanism by which pyruvate reverses the phagocytosis blocked by glycolytic inhibitors (NaF and iodaecetic acid) has been studies. It has been shown that pyruvate reversal is not due to a restoration of glycolysis nor to a stimulation of the hexose monophosphate pathway. By using differentially-labeled pyruvate it has been demonstrated that pyruvate is rapidly oxidized to CpASAc. It is suggested that this high-energy compound, CoASAc, can substitute for the glycolytic energy required for particle uptake by synthesizing ATP at the substrate level.
Arachidonate lipoxygenases as essential regulators of cell survival and apoptosis

Abstract Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites derived from both cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways transduce a variety of signals related to cell growth. Here, we report that the AA LOX pathway also functions as a critical regulator of cell survival and apoptosis. Rat Walker 256 (W256) carcinosarcoma cells express 12-LOX and synthesize 12(S)- and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids as their major LOX metabolites. W256 cells transfected with 12-LOX-specific antisense oligonucleotide or antisense oligonucleotides directed to conserved regions of LOXs underwent time- and dose-dependent apoptosis. Likewise, treatment of W256 cells with various LOX but not COX inhibitors induced apoptotic cell death, which could be partially inhibited by exogenous 12(S)- or 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. The W256 cell apoptosis induced by antisense oligos and LOX inhibitors was followed by a rapid downregulation of bcl-2 protein, a dramatic decrease in the bcl-2/bax ratio, and could be suppressed by bcl-2 overexpression. In contrast, p53, which is wild type in W256 cells, did not undergo alterations during apoptosis induction. The results suggest that the LOX pathway plays an important physiological role in regulating apoptosis.
Bolometric detectors for the Planck surveyor

The High Frequency Instrument on the NASA/ESA Planck Surveyor, scheduled for launch in 2007, will map the entire sky in 6 frequency bands ranging from 100 GHz to 857 GHz to probe Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy and polarization with angular resolution ranging from 9' to 5'. The HFI focal plane will contain 48 silicon nitride micromesh bolometers operating from a 100 mK heat sink. Four detectors in each of the 6 bands will detect unpolarized radiation. An additional 4 pairs of detectors will provide sensitivity to linear polarization of emission at 143, 217 and 353 GHz. We describe the fabrication process used to meet the stringent mission requirements on sensitivity, speed of response and stability.
Stabilization of poliovirus by cystine

Abstract Incubation of a heat-sensitive strain of (t + ) poliovirus with l -cystine produces a considerable enhancement of its thermal stability at temperatures below 50°. The effect is specific in that d -cystine and a number of other compounds are ineffective. The rate of stabilization is proportional to the concentration of cystine and depends on the temperature with a Q 10 of 2.2. A simple kinetic analysis of the data shows that approximately 10 cystine molecules must become attached to the virus to confer maximal stabilization and intermediate degrees of stabilization also occur. The action of cystine takes place in neutral and alkaline solutions; it is absent at acid pH. It can be prevented by p -chloromercuribenzoate and reversed by thioglycolate. These findings suggest that cystine stabilizes the virus by combining with SH groups of the viral protein and by subsequently producing cross linkages in the protein.
Nitrogen isotope evidence for alkaline lakes on late Archean continents

Abstract Nitrogen isotope ratios in ancient sedimentary rocks are generally interpreted as a proxy for metabolic nitrogen pathways and the redox state of the water column. Fractionation processes occurring under anoxic, alkaline conditions during the dissociation of NH 4 + to H+ and volatile NH3 are frequently overlooked, although this mechanism imparts large isotopic fractionations. Here we propose that NH3 volatilization is largely responsible for δ15N values of up to + 50 ‰ at high C/N ratios in the late Archean Tumbiana Formation. This sequence of sedimentary rocks represents a system of lakes that formed on subaerial flood basalts and were partly filled by basaltic volcanic ash. Aqueous alteration of volcanic glass followed by evaporative concentration of ions should have led to the development of high alkalinity with a pH of 9 or higher, as in modern analogues. In this sedimentologically unusual setting, nitrogen isotope ratios thus provide indirect evidence for the oldest alkaline lake system in the rock record. These very heavy lacustrine δ15N values contrast markedly with those of Archean marine sedimentary rocks, making a Precambrian “soda ocean” unlikely. Today, alkaline lakes are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth. Some nutrients, in particular molybdenum, are more soluble at high pH, and certain prebiotic reactions would likely have been favored under alkaline conditions in similar settings earlier in Earth's history. Hence alkaline lakes in the Archean could have been significant for the origin and early evolution of life.
Sequential backbone assignment of isotopically enriched proteins in D2O by deuterium-decoupled HA(CA)N and HA(CACO)N

It is demonstrated that sequential resonance assignment of the backbone 1Hα and 15N resonances of proteins can be obtained without recourse to the backbone amide protons, an approach which should be useful for assignment of regions with rapidly exchanging backbone amide protons and for proteins rich in proline residues. The method relies on the combined use of two 2D experiments, HA(CA)N and HA(CACO)N or their 3D analogs, which correlate 1Hα with the intraresidue 15N and with the 15N resonance of the next residue. The experiments are preferably conducted in D2O, where very high resolution in the 15N dimension can be achieved by using 2H decoupling. The approach is demonstrated for a sample of human ubiquitin, uniformly enriched in 13C and 15N. Complete backbone and 13Cβ/1Hβ resonance assignments are presented.
Superresolution in ultrasound imaging

Ultrasound techniques for imaging objects significantly smaller than the source wavelength are investigated. The present overview explains two such methods that are being investigated in our laboratory. The first method is designed for detecting scattering using an unfocused ultrasound field created from a continuously-driven source array. The frequency of each element on the array is unique, resulting in a field that is highly variant as a function of both time and position. The scattered signal is then received by a single receiving line and reconstructed. The second method uses a more “traditional” superresolution reconstruction approach, which recovers spatial frequencies above the spatial bandwidth through analysis of the spatial frequency spectrum. In both cases reconstruction of objects at least an order of magnitude smaller than the signal wavelength can be achieved.
Maximizing coronary disease risk reduction using nicotinic acid combined with LDL-lowering therapy

Treatment with statins markedly reduces levels of LDL-cholesterol, and large, welldesigned evaluations of these agents have demonstrated reductions in cardiovascular event rates of 20–40%. Additional therapeutic strategies will be required to make further inroads into the substantial residual burden of cardiovascular disease in statin-treated patients. Epidemiological studies over several decades and outcome studies with agents that raise levels of this lipoprotein (nicotinic acid or fibrates) have established low HDL-cholesterol as an important therapeutic target. Combining agents which decrease LDL-cholesterol and increase HDL-cholesterol within a single regimen might provide a means of improving cardiovascular prognosis beyond that possible with statins alone. Six randomized clinical trials involving treatment with nicotinic acid in combination with a statins or bile acid sequestrant have demonstrated regression, or markedly slowed progression, of atherosclerosis in patients at high risk of a cardiovascular event. Three of these trials, the HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study, the Familial Atherosclerosis Treatment Study, and the Armed Forces Regression Study, have associated these benefits with significant improvements in clinical outcomes. Correcting low HDL-cholesterol in statin-treated patients may provide a means to achieve the next leap forward in the management of cardiovascular disease.
Matrilysin (MMP-7) catalytic activity regulates β-catenin localization and signaling activation in lung epithelial cells

ABSTRACTMatrix metalloproteinase-7 (matrilysin, MMP-7) expression is increased in epithelium by bacterial infection, inflammation, fibrosis, and in a myriad of carcinomas. It functions to degrade extracellular matrix and other pericellular substrates including the adherens junction protein E-cadherin to promote wound healing and tissue remodeling. β-catenin functions as both a structural component of adherens junctions and as an intracellular signaling molecule. To assess if matrilysin-mediated disassembly of adherens junctions regulates β-catenin function, we assessed effects of matrilysin catalytic activity on β-catenin localization and signaling activity in A549 cells and in bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice. We determined that matrilysin activity releases β-catenin from the cell membrane after which it is degraded in the cytosol. However, in the presence of a β-catenin stabilizing Wnt signal, β-catenin accumulated in the cytosol and activated a β-catenin luciferase promoter. Furthermore, β-catenin...
Parental Concerns Following a Child's Discharge From a Bone Marrow Transplant Unit:

The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore the concerns of parents following a child's discharge from a bone marrow transplant unit. A qualitative approach which included components of gr...
Perinatal Hypoxic/Ischemic Spinal Cord Injury

We have reviewed our experience in 900 consecutive necropsies performed on infants who died in the first 4 weeks of life. The neuropathologic characteristics of acute hypoxic/ischemic spinal cord injury are described in 21 infants who expired in the perinatal period. Several distinct patterns of spinal cord injury were apparent in asphyxiated neonates. Cord infarction, rare in older age groups, was the commonest lesion and was associated with prematurity and with documented episodes of systemic hypotension. Lumbosacral cord segments were more severely affected, and at affected levels central cord parenchyma was completely necrotic with relative sparing of the periphery. Diffuse neuronal necrosis was more typical of infants delivered at or after term. In these neonates ventromedial neurons were most profoundly injured. Hematomyelia dissecting into spinal cord parenchyma was a consequence of germinal matrix hemorrhage in very premature infants. “Watershed zones” in the cord appear to be most severely affect...
Stockholder Reactions To Departures and Appointments of Key Executives Attributable To Firings

This study investigated investors' reactions to announcements of the firings of key executives made over the 25-year period 1963–1987. We found announcements containing information about permanent ...
Dynamics of sheaths in low pressure RF discharges

Low-pressure RF discharges are widely used for materials processing. Typical parameters are pressure of 1-100 mtorr, frequency of 13.56 MHz, and RF voltage of 50-1000 V. A reasonably complete picture of the dynamics of these sheaths has been developed. Some typical results for a high-voltage sheath driven by a sinusoidal current source, under the assumptions of time-independent, collisionless ion motion and inertialess electrons, are: (1) the ion sheath thickness s/sub m/ is square root 50/27 larger than a Child's law sheath for the same DC voltage and ion current density; (2) the sheath capacitance per unit area for the fundamental voltage harmonic is 1.226 epsilon /sub 0//s/sub m/, where epsilon /sub 0/ is the free space permittivity; (3) the ratio of the DC to the peak value of the oscillating voltage is 54/125; (4) the second and third voltage harmonics are, respectively, 12.3% and 4.2% of the fundamental; and (5) the conductance per unit area for stochastic heating by the oscillating sheath is 2.98 ( lambda /sub D//s/sub m/)/sup 2/3/ ( epsilon /sup 2/n/sub 0//mu/sub e/), where n/sub 0/ is the ion density, lambda /sub D/ is the Debye length at the plasma-sheath edge, and u/sub e/=(8eT/sub e// pi m)/sup 1/2/ is the mean electron speed. >
Substance use disorder patients who are mandated to treatment: characteristics, treatment process, and 1- and 5-year outcomes.

A substantial number of patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) are mandated to treatment by the justice system. However, little is known about their characteristics and how they fare during treatment and in the longer term compared with nonmandated, justice-system-involved patients and patients not involved in the justice system. This prospective study (n = 2,095) examined differences in pretreatment characteristics, treatment perceptions and satisfaction, during-treatment changes, and 1- and 5-year outcomes among these three types of patients and tested whether differences in pretreatment characteristics or during-treatment changes could help explain posttreatment outcome similarities or differences. Mandated patients had a less severe clinical profile at treatment intake, yet this did not account for their observed similar/better outcomes, which appeared because of the similar therapeutic gains made during treatment. Treatment perceptions and satisfaction were also comparable across groups. These findings appear to support the idea that judicial mandates can provide an opportunity for offenders with SUDs to access and benefit from needed treatment.
Design and analysis of a current-reuse transmitter for ultra-low power applications

A CMOS current-reuse transmitter for ultra-low power (ULP) applications is presented. It can provide up to 10.2dBm of output power with a total efficiency of 30% at 2.4GHz. By utilizing the stacking technique, the average current of a class-E power amplifier is reused by the accompanying VCO and an optional RX block. The breakdown issue associated with the class-E PA is mitigated. A detailed analysis of the current-reuse structure is demonstrated. Practical design issues are discussed and appropriate design guidelines are provided.
Student activism, moral development, and morality.

Book reviewed in this article: A review of recent studies of the development of moral reasoning leads to a paradoxical conclusion about today's worldwide student protest movement. The research suggests optimism about the high level of moral development of many or most student activists, yet what is true for most is not true for all. And even the highest levels of moral reasoning do not alone guarantee truly virtuous behavior.
Structural Basis for Sequence-Nonspecific Recognition of 5′-Capped mRNA by a Cap-Modifying Enzyme

Abstract Sequence-nonspecific binding of RNA, recognition of a 7-methylguanosine 5′ mRNA cap, and methylation of a nucleic acid backbone are three crucial and ubiquitous events in eukaryotic nucleic acid processing and function. These three events occur concurrently in the modification of vaccinia transcripts by the methyltransferase VP39. We report the crystal structure of a ternary complex comprising VP39, coenzyme product S-adenosylhomocysteine, and a 5′ m 7 G–capped, single-stranded RNA hexamer. This structure reveals a novel and general mechanism for sequence-nonspecific recognition of the mRNA transcript in which the protein interacts solely with the sugar-phosphate backbone of a short, single-stranded RNA helix. This report represents the first direct and detailed view of a protein complexed with single-stranded RNA or 5′-capped mRNA.
QPSK orthogonal space-time coding scheme with full-rate and full-diversity for system with four transmit antennas

We present a novel space-time orthogonal coding scheme with full-rate and full-diversity on a QPSK constellation for communication systems with four transmit antennas. We also study the performance of the newly proposed coding scheme in comparison with that of half rate full diversity orthogonal codes as well as full rate half diversity quasi-orthogonal codes. We demonstrate that the proposed coding scheme not only offers full rate but also outperforms the other two schemes when SNR increases.
Basic fibroblast growth factor may mediate proliferation in the compensatory adrenal growth response

We have investigated the role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the neurally mediated compensatory adrenal growth response. Unilateral adrenalectomy resulted in a 13, 6, and 22% increase in adrenal weight, protein, and DNA content, respectively, and 33-40% increases in the rate of cell proliferation measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation in vitro. Three forms of bFGF, approximately 18.6, 21, and 22.5 kDa, were identified in rat adrenals by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot. bFGF was localized immunocytochemically in cells of the glomerulosa and the medulla. bFGF stimulated a 68-80% increase in the rate of DNA synthesis in adrenal capsule-glomerulosa preparations in vitro. Suramin (0.1 mM), a growth factor antagonist, blocked bFGF receptor interaction in vitro and, at 200 mg/kg given 5-7 days before adrenal surgery, blocked compensatory growth. Conversely, at 2.0 mg/kg, suramin significantly enhanced the compensatory growth response, perhaps caused by suramin-induced bFGF receptor upregulation, since suramin pretreatment also enhanced DNA synthesis in response to exogenous bFGF in vitro. These results suggest that bFGF may mediate proliferation in the compensatory adrenal growth response.
Seismic Emergency Operations of Power Systems

Three characteristics unique to electric power systems (system redundancy at nodes, the character of power flow, and emergency operations) are identified. Their importance in modeling power systems for the purpose of evaluating the effects of earthquakes on system performance is considered. Power systems utilize system redundancy to a greater extent than most other lifelines, such as water systems, or railroads. This is particularly true at system nodes which for power systems are contained in substations. The second characteristic that distinguishes power systems from other lifelines is the character of the flow in the system which is governed by Kirchhoff’s equations. Thus, the topology of the network, the impedance of the branches, and the spatial distribution of the loads and sources determines the flow in the branches. The implications of the preceding two characteristics on systems operations of an earthquake-damaged system is that: (1)The configuration of the network will be changed as a result of system damage that may cause some branches to become overloaded; and (2)the flexibility in configuring the system must be used to match loads to power line capacity.
Serotonergic afferents mediate activity-dependent entrainment of the mouse circadian clock

The circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus receives serotonergic afferents from the midbrain raphe nuclei, but the functional role of this projection is unclear. In rodents, locomotor activity increases serotonin content in the SCN, and serotonergic agonists phase shift the circadian clock in a manner closely similar to voluntary bouts of vigorous exercise, suggesting that serotonergic afferents could be part of the activity-dependent entrainment mechanism. We investigated this possibility by selectively lesioning serotonin terminals within and adjacent to the SCN by local microinjection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine in mice pretreated with desipramine. This treatment decreased serotonin content 96 +/- 1% and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid content below levels of detection (nearly 100%) but did not decrease norepinephrine content or neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the SCN. These lesions did not alter subsequent running activity levels, yet rendered mice unable to synchronize to a regularly scheduled 2-h wheel running paradigm that entrained sham-lesioned controls. Serotonin afferents are thus necessary for activity-dependent entrainment in the mouse.
Expressive and Efficient Data Access Control for Multi-Authority Cloud Storage

Data access control is an effective way to ensure the data security in the cloud. Due to data outsourcing and untrusted cloud servers, the data access control becomes a challenging issue in cloud storage systems. Ciphertext-Policy Attributebased Encryption (CP-ABE) is regarded as one of the most suitable technologies for data access control in cloud storage, because it gives data owners more direct control on access policies. However, it is difficult to directly apply existing CP-ABE schemes to data access control for cloud storage systems because of the attribute revocation problem. In this paper, we design an expressive, efficient and revocable data access control scheme for multi-authority cloud storage systems, where there are multiple authorities co-exist and each authority is able to issue attributes independently.
Studies on the Sanitation of Swimming Pools

The present investigation was undertaken to inquire into the sanitary conditions existing in swimming pools, and to study methods of improving these pools if defective, without altering too greatly their equipments or modes of administration. In addition to this, it has been our purpose to determine as accurately as possible, standards in construction, equipment, and management which we think should be required of such establishments in the future. The problem of the sanitary swimming pool has assumed considerable importance. The dangers of bathing in polluted water have been pointed out by many authors, and numerous plans for overcoming these dangers have been suggested. Many municipalities have established public baths and swimming pools. Swimming pools have been installed by private individuals, as well as by colleges and universities, secondary and elementary schools, clubs, steamship companies, and Turkish and Russian bathing establishments. National and international associations1 have been formed, to promote the movement. The increased interest taken in the sanitary condition of the pools is an indication of their growing popularity, and therefore of the practical importance of the subject. That the swimming pool is actually a medium for the transmission of disease, has been well pointed out by Atkin2 who divides diseases communicable from pool into three classes: (1), intestinal, (2) eye and ear, and (3) venereal. We follow his classification in the succeeding paragraphs.
The Second Industrialization and the Western Development

Before and during the reform and opening up, we have undergone the changes from the national industrialization model to a new one. In the coastal region of eastern China, the transformation of the mainstay of industrialization has gradually been made, by developing diverse forms of non-public sector of economy, in addition to the planned economy under public ownership. This present paper refers to the particular economic phenomenon arising in the process of China's economic transition as the second industrialization, and points out that the key to the western development remains the furthering of industrialization, whereas the second industrialization is the only way to a well-to-do society in western region. Through an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages before the second industrialization, the paper also expounds the necessary innovation in some aspects in doing the job.
Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Properties of 600-MW Wall Type Tangentially-Fired Boilers

This paper presents the simulation of the dynamic performance in the furnace of a 600-MW ultra-supercritical wall type tangentially-fired boiler in Liaoning Province. The diameter of the simulated inscribed circle and the dynamic performance of the furnace are studied and the simulation results are then compared with those from cold dynamic testing, which demonstrate its high fullness of the furnace field. Additionally, part of the high-temperature gas reflows back to the base of the flame in the four corners of the furnace, which is conductive to the stability of the combustion flame. Rising rotary air flow is formed in the center of the combustion zone with no primary air jets scouring the furnace wall. These results are fully consistent with the cold dynamic tests. Due to the strong rigidity of the primary air jet, the rising rotary air still has a large amount of residual rotation at the exit of the furnace. Therefore, there exists speed difference at the furnace exit. The simulation results can reflect the exact dynamic performance in the furnace and thus provide reference datum for the design and innovation of this type of boiler.
Self-authorship in student affairs: A developmental paradox

The emerging millennial generation of young professionals in student affairs, often accused of being shielded from many of life’s developmentally stimulating challenges, may not be sufficiently self-authored to effectively facilitate epistemological, intrapersonal, and interpersonal development among their students. Contrary to expectations, however, results from this study suggest current graduate assistants and recent job-changers have higher levels of self-authorship than their colleagues. Implications for graduate preparation, professional practice, and future research are discussed.
Immunostimulatory DNA sequences : an overview.

The biochemical and genetic properties of DNA have been thoroughly investigated, yet only recently has it been appreciated that DNA carries more information than simply a blueprint for the regulation and construction of proteins. Indeed, the immune systems of vertebrates appear to have evolved the ability to distinguish the foreign DNA of bacteria and certain viruses from the self-DNA of the host, a new twist on the self vs non-self detection system already well-known for foreign proteins. Specifically, the frequency of unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG denotes covalently linked CG dinucleotides, not C∶G base pairs) is extensively suppressed in vertebrates, including mammals (by at least 20-fold [1]), whereas it is found at the usual frequency (1/16) in most bacterial and viral DNA. There have now been several reports (detailed in Subheadings 2. and 4. ) that bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxyribo-nucleotides (ODNs) containing bacterially derived sequences, stimulate the immune systems of mice and humans to first mount innate, and then antigen-specific (when foreign antigen is present), Th(1)-type responses. This adjuvant effect of bacterial immunostimulatory DNA sequences (ISS) appears to be important for the robust Th(1)-type immune response usually seen in genetic vaccination (2). Although the terms CpG motif and ISS are generally used synonymously in this field, CpG motifs are defined structurally, whereas ISS are defined functionally (and therefore include non-CpG sequences that have been found to be stimulatory).
Formation of the Second KMT–CPC United Front Against Japan

This chapter demonstrates how Zhou Enlai engaged in a series of difficult negotiations with the KMT–Nanjing government and eventually succeeded in forming the second KMT–CPC United Front against Japan, which paved the way for China to win the second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and then to win the civil war with the KMT, through the accounts of Chinese officials who participated in the negotiations along with Zhou.
Jointly Optimized Software Radio for Low Power 4G Cellular Systems

Limited spectral bandwidth in evolved 4G cellular standards such as 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) increasingly requires wireless communication networks that can operate at or near optimal peak sum-rate capacity, autonomously adapt to avoid interference, and preserve low latency communication. The complexity of the MIMO parameter estimation, iterative decoding and demodulation, and interference mitigation for the spectrally efficient communication increasingly outstrip the Moore's law capabilities of the underlying DSP technology. Our paper defines a new generation of software defined radio architecture solutions and introduces joint optimization of hardware, software, and algorithms for evolved low power 4G cellular systems.
Analytical approach on the stiffness of MR fluid filled spring

A solid mechanical spring generally exhibits uniform stiffness. This paper studies a mechanical spring filled with magnetorheological (MR) fluid to achieve controllable stiffness. The hollow spring filled with MR fluid is subjected to a controlled magnetic field in order to change the viscosity of the MR fluid and thereby to change the overall stiffness of the spring. MR fluid is considered as a Bingham viscoplastic linear material in the mathematical model. The goal of this research is to study the feasibility of such spring system by analytically computing the effects of MR fluid on overall spring stiffness. For this purpose, spring mechanics and MR fluid behavior are studied to increase the accuracy of the analysis. Numerical simulations are also performed to generate some assumptions, which simplify calculations in the analytical part. The accuracy of the present approach is validated by comparing the analytical results to previously known experimental results. Overall stiffness variations of the spring are also discussed for different spring designs.
Alterations in Glucose Effectiveness and Insulin Dynamics: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or Body Mass Index.

Background/Aims: To delineate the relationship of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, and hyperandrogenism (HA) with glucose and insulin dynamics in adoles
Communication Enabled—Fast Acting Imbalance Reserve (CE-FAIR)

This letter presents a new frequency control strategy that takes advantage of communications and fast responding resources such as photovoltaic generation, energy storage, wind generation, and demand response, termed collectively as converter interfaced generators (CIGs). The proposed approach uses an active monitoring of power imbalances to rapidly redispatch CIGs. This approach differs from previously proposed frequency control schemes in that it employs feed-forward control based on a measured power imbalance rather than relying on a frequency measurement. Time-domain simulations of the full Western Electricity Coordinating Council system are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing improved performance.
Reliability of Multiple Mini-Interviews and traditional interviews within and between institutions: a study of five California medical schools

Many medical schools use admissions Multiple Mini-Interviews (MMIs) rather than traditional interviews (TIs), partly because MMIs are thought to be more reliable. Yet prior studies examined single-school samples of candidates completing either an MMI or TI (not both). Using data from five California public medical schools, the authors examined the within- and between-school reliabilities of TIs and MMIs. The analyses included applicants interviewing at ≥1 of the five schools during 2011–2013. Three schools employed TIs (TI1, TI2, TI3) and two employed MMIs (MMI1, MMI2). Mixed linear models accounting for nesting of observations within applicants examined standardized TI and MMI scores (mean = 0, SD = 1), adjusting for applicant socio-demographics, academic metrics, year, number of interviews, and interview date. A total of 4993 individuals (completing 7516 interviews [TI = 4137, MMI = 3379]) interviewed at ≥1 school; 428 (14.5%) interviewed at both MMI schools and 687 (20.2%) at more than one TI school. Within schools, inter-interviewer consistency was generally qualitatively lower for TI1, TI2, and TI3 (Pearson’s r 0.07, 0.13, and 0.29, and Cronbach’s α, 0.40, 0.44, and 0.61, respectively) than for MMI1 and MMI 2 (Cronbach’s α 0.68 and 0.60, respectively). Between schools, the adjusted intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.27 (95% CI 0.20–0.35) for TIs and 0.47 (95% CI 0.41–0.54) for MMIs. Within and between-school reliability was qualitatively higher for MMIs than for TIs. Nonetheless, TI reliabilities were higher than anticipated from prior literature, suggesting TIs may not need to be abandoned on reliability grounds if other factors favor their use.
How T cells spot tumour cells

Immunotherapy can reawaken T cells to destroy tumour cells. Modelling of tumour and T-cell interactions suggests why certain tumour cells are targeted and improves predictions of immunotherapy outcome. Immunotherapy can reawaken T cells to destroy tumour cells. Modelling of tumour and T-cell interactions suggests why certain tumour cells are targeted and improves predictions of immunotherapy outcome.
Notes Toward a Theology of Cross/ing:

Born from the ethical imperative of two sets of wounds, the open sores on the feet of a migrant who crosses the desert and the crucified feet of the One on the cross, this essay compares the U.S.-Mexico border wall and the cross of Jesus through the lives of undocumented migrants crossing into the U.S. From the “third space” of the desert, this essay develops a theology of cross/ing in which the crucified Christ challenges the status quo of state policies that promote injustice, suffering, exploitation, and poverty.
TCT-198 Comparing Long-term Outcomes of First-Generation and Second-Generation Drug Eluting Stents in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Randomized controlled trials have been studied the safety and efficacy of first and second generation drug eluting stents (DES), however there is lack of data on long-term outcomes comparing the outcomes of these stents in the real-worl scenario. We sought to compare the long-term outcomes of the
Loss of SMYD1 Results in Perinatal Lethality via Selective Defects within Myotonic Muscle Descendants

SET and MYND Domain 1 (SMYD1) is a cardiac and skeletal muscle-specific, histone methyl transferase that is critical for both embryonic and adult heart development and function in both mice and men. We report here that skeletal muscle-specific, myogenin (myoG)-Cre-mediated conditional knockout (CKO) of Smyd1 results in perinatal death. As early as embryonic day 12.5, Smyd1 CKOs exhibit multiple skeletal muscle defects in proliferation, morphology, and gene expression. However, all myotonic descendants are not afflicted equally. Trunk muscles are virtually ablated with excessive accumulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), forelimb muscles are disorganized and improperly differentiated, but other muscles, such as the masseter, are normal. While expression of major myogenic regulators went unscathed, adaptive and innate immune transcription factors critical for BAT development/physiology were downregulated. Whereas classical mitochondrial BAT accumulation went unscathed following loss of SMYD1, key transcription factors, including PRDM16, UCP-1, and CIDE-a that control skeletal muscle vs. adipose fate, were downregulated. Finally, in rare adults that survive perinatal lethality, SMYD1 controls specification of some, but not all, skeletal muscle fiber-types.
Development of a simultaneous PET/Ultrasound imaging system with near real-time reconstruction capability for point-of-care applications

363 Objectives: We have designed and built a prototype novel imaging system which can bring simultaneous and near real-time PET/Ultrasound imaging to the patient bedside to support point-of-care (PoC) molecular imaging applications. This study validates the feasibility and functionality of the system and evaluates its imaging strategies for different applications. Methods: The system consists of two PET detectors and an ultrasound (US) transducer. One detector is mounted to a rotation stage on an optical table. The 2nd detector and an ultrasound transducer are mounted to a robotic arm. Robotic arm can position the PET detector and US transducer at arbitrary locations to simultaneously collect both PET coincidence events and US signals. Each PET detector consists of a multi-anode PMT (Hamamatsu H8500) coupled to 48× 48 LYSO crystals of 1.0× 1.0× 10.0 mm3 each. Custom front-end electronics were designed and fabricated to multiplex the 64 anode signals to 4 position-encoded signals. These multiplexed outputs are used to compute energy and position of each event while the fast dynode signal is used to get the timing. Coincidence events were acquired from 28 different sampling angles when a cylindrical phantom with 9 tumors of different sizes was placed between the two PET detectors. The 28 sets of data were grouped into different combinations and fed into a GPU-based near real-time 3D reconstruction engine which supports arbitrary geometry to evaluate the functionality of the system with or without Time-of-Flight(ToF) and to explore imaging strategies for different applications. In a combined PET and US imaging experiment, we inserted a tubing into a gelatin phantom and filled it with Cu-64 solution to mimic a line source. Results: The coincidence resolving time (CRT) between the two PET detectors is around 740 ps(FWHM). Cylinder phantom images show that with limited number of sampling angles and events, the compact system can still offer useful PET images. Improvement in timing resolution results in fewer artifacts caused by the incomplete and non-uniform sampling. Detectors with good TOF performance allows one to reduce the number of sampling angles and still maintain reasonable image quality. Combined PET/US image of a gelatin phantom shows simultaneous imaging capability of the system. Conclusions: The compact PET/US imaging system with its fast imaging reconstruction capability may be useful for PoC imaging applications such as imaging of theranostic interventions. Additional imaging studies will be conducted and presented.
Actions of quantum linear spaces on quantum algebras

Abstract We study actions of bosonizations of quantum linear spaces on quantum algebras. Under mild conditions, we classify actions on quantum affine spaces and quantum matrix algebras. In the former case, it is shown that all actions of generalized Taft algebras are trivial extensions of actions on quantum planes. In both cases we achieve bounds on the rank of the bosonization acting on the algebra.
Association Between Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence and Hypertension Management Among US Adults.

BACKGROUND Medication nonadherence is an important element of uncontrolled hypertension. Financial factors frequently contribute to nonadherence. The objective of this study was to examine the association between cost-related medication nonadherence (CRMN) and self-reported antihypertensive medication use and self-reported normal blood pressure among US adults with self-reported hypertension. METHODS Participants with self-reported hypertension from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey were included (n = 7,498). CRMN was defined using standard questions. Hypertension management included: (i) self-reported current antihypertensive medication use and (ii) self-reported normal blood pressure within the past 12 months. Adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios of hypertension management indicators among those with and without CRMN were estimated. RESULTS Overall, 10.7% reported CRMN, 83.6% reported current antihypertensive medication use, and 67.4% reported normal blood pressure within past 12 months. Adjusted percentages of current antihypertensive medication use (88.6% vs. 82.9%, P < 0.001) and self-reported normal blood pressure (69.8% vs. 59.5%, P = 0.002) were higher among those without CRMN compared with those with CRMN. Adjusted prevalence ratios showed that, compared with those with CRMN, those without CRMN were more likely to report current antihypertensive medication use (odds ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.12) and self-reported normal blood pressure (1.15 (1.07-1.23)). CONCLUSIONS Among US adults with self-reported hypertension, those without CRMN were more likely to report current antihypertensive medication use and normal blood pressure within the past 12 months. Financial barriers to medication adherence persist and impact hypertension management.