cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Randomized network coding in broadcast wireless networks with fading edges

The unreliability of network edges in wireless networks invalidates some fundamental assumptions used in most studies on network coding and may present a performance bottleneck in its application. Particularly, wireless systems that are designed based on randomized network coding (RNC) would face two layers of uncertainty when receivers attempt to retrieve source information, among which the uncertainty brought by wireless fading can have a major impact on the system performance. In this paper, we approach the RNC scheme in wireless networks with both layers of uncertainty in mind, and we look at the joint impact of channel fading and broadcasting on the performance of RNC in the wireless setting. We show that the compromising effect of fading can be elevated when the wireless broadcasting medium is properly utilized. Furthermore, by exploiting the capacity-reliability inherent in the application of RNC, we demonstrate additional improvements in the performance of RNC over wireless network edges.
Landscape context and long‐term tree influences shape the dynamics of forest‐meadow ecotones in mountain ecosystems

Forest-meadow ecotones are prominent and dynamic features of mountain ecosystems. Understanding how vegetation changes are shaped by long-term interactions with trees and are mediated by the physical environment is critical to predicting future trends in biological diversity across these landscapes. We examined 26 yr of vegetation change (1983–2009) across 20 forest-meadow ecotones spanning a range of landforms/hydrologies and elevations (montane and subalpine) in the Three Sisters Biosphere Reserve, Oregon (USA). We quantified changes in tree structure (cover, density, and basal area) and in the abundance and diversity of ground-layer vegetation based on species' habitat associations and growth forms. To explore the contributions of tree structure, landscape context, and initial vegetation to changes in ecotonal communities, we used a combination of NMDS, PCA, and multiple regression. Despite a long history (50–100 yr) of tree invasion, ecotones were still dominated by meadow species in 1983. Ecotones exhibited significant but varying patterns of change over the study period while adjacent forest and meadow habitats remained stable. Despite a significant increase in summer temperature, we found little evidence of a direct influence of climate on ecotonal changes. Declines in total richness, and in the cover and richness of meadow species, were greater where soil moisture was seasonally limiting (montane mesic slopes and subalpine early snowmelt sites). Forest species showed much greater increases in montane than subalpine ecotones; limited colonization of the latter reflects the depauperate nature of subalpine forest understories in this region. Vegetation changes were related to initial tree structure but not to changes in structure over the study period. Past tree invasions, a legacy of both climate variation and disturbance history, continue to exert strong influences on ecotonal ground-layer communities. However, the consequences for local diversity vary across the landscape. Quantifying the nature of this variation through long-term observations is a critical step toward predicting future changes in the biological diversity of these and other mountain ecosystems.
Influence of a custom foot orthotic intervention on lower extremity dynamics in healthy runners.

Objective. To investigate the influence of a custom foot orthotic intervention on the lower extremity dynamics in healthy runners. Design. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were collected on 15 female runners (>15 miles per week) while each performed the over-ground running trials in either a shoe only or a shoe + custom foot orthotic condition. Kinematic and kinetic variables were analyzed using Paired Sample t-tests. Background. Custom foot orthotics are frequently prescribed treatment modality for the management of overuse running injuries. Although it is generally accepted that a custom foot orthotic intervention produces positive clinical outcomes, it remains unclear what influence this therapeutic modality has on the dynamics of the lower extremity. Methods. Each subject performed five acceptable over-ground running trials (3.6 m s 1 ±5%) with and without the custom foot orthotic intervention in a running shoe. Selected maximum ankle and knee joint angles and moments were measured during the stance phase. Results. While wearing the custom foot orthotic, subjects exhibited significantly decreased maximum values in rearfoot eversion angle, rearfoot eversion velocity and internal ankle inversion moment. Conclusions. In this sample of healthy female runners, the custom foot orthotic intervention led to significant decreases in maximum values for ankle dynamics in the frontal plane and in the sagittal plane of the knee joint.
BOMBARDING BEETLES OF THE GENUS DICAELUS AND HARPALUS

On November 3rd, 1928, I collected at Stone Mountain, Georgia, a Carabid beetle— Dicaelus elongatus (Bon.)—which gave off a very strong discharge of gas which turned to a dense smoke. This appeared to come from the sides of the thorax, instead of from the posterior end of the abdomen as in the genus Brachynus.
The Proestrous Prolactin Surge Is Not the Sole Initiator of Regressive Changes in Corpora Lutea of Normally Cycling Rats

During the estrous cycle, secretion of prolactin is largely restricted to a surge on proestrus. We investigated whether this proestrous prolactin surge initiates regression of the corpora lutea of the preceding cycle. Adult rats were killed prior to the prolactin surge (Proestrus group), following the prolactin surge (Estrus group), after chemical blockade of the prolactin surge with bromocryptine (Estrus1BRC group), and after blockade of the prolactin surge and administration of prolactin (Estrus1BRC1PRL group). Corpora lutea of the current (proestrus) or preceding (estrus) cycle were dissected out, weighed, and sectioned for immunohistochemistry or cultured for examination of in vitro progestin production. Numbers of luteal monocytes/macrophages, differentiated macrophages, and apoptotic nuclei per high-power field were greater for Estrus and Estrus1BRC1PRL than for Estrus1BRC, which in turn had greater numbers than Proestrus (P , 0.05). In contrast, BRC completely reversed the decline in luteal weight observed between Proestrus and Estrus (P , 0.05). Number of major histocompatibility complex II-positive cells was not different between groups (P . 0.05). Finally, progestin production by corpora lutea in vitro was lower for Proestrus than for the other groups (P , 0.05). The results indicate that the prolactin surge alone is not responsible for initiation of apoptosis or immune cell infiltration in regressing corpora lutea of the estrous cycle, although prolactin increases these markers of regression. Prolactin does cause a decline in luteal weight; however, the corpora lutea retain the capacity for steroidogenesis. We conclude that although prolactin has a role in luteal regression, it is not solely responsible for the initiation of this process.
Spallation Neutron Source linac vacuum seal design and testing

Optimum seal selection with respect to vacuum performance, RF electrical performance, life, cost, reliability, and case of installation is of primary importance. This report summarizes an investigation of metallic vacuum seals including the C-seal, energized spring seal, Helicoflex copper delta seal, aluminum delta seal, delta seal with limiting ring, and a prototype copper diamond seal. This study was conducted to support the drift tube linac (DTL) and coupled cavity linac (CCL) design efforts for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project. A series of vacuum leak rate tests using necessary reduced thickness flange designs has been completed. Copper plated stainless steel flanges, necessary for flanged joints intersecting RF cavities, have also been studied and tested. Detailed structural modeling of the CCL bridge coupler seal and flange has also been completed to verify flange structural integrity and appropriate seal compressive loading.
Chronic Mental Illness in Pregnancy and Postpartum

The reproductive years are often challenging times for women with chronic mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. These illnesses can become exacerbated during pregnancy and the postpartum period leading to a range of symptoms including mood instability, delusions, hallucinations, and cognitive impairment. This chapter focuses on the diagnosis and management of bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia during the pregnancy and postpartum periods. Risk factors for the development of such illnesses, diagnostic considerations, and treatment options, including emergent, pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, and social interventions, and non-treatment are reviewed. Prognosis for the mother and baby is discussed with an emphasis on the importance of seeking help early from a knowledgeable mental health practitioner.
Geographic divergence in upper thermal limits across insect life stages: does behavior matter?

Insects with complex life cycles vary in size, mobility, and thermal ecology across life stages. We examine how differences in the capacity for thermoregulatory behavior influence geographic differences in physiological heat tolerance among egg and adult Colias butterflies. Colias adults exhibit differences in morphology (wing melanin and thoracic setal length) along spatial gradients, whereas eggs are morphologically indistinguishable. Here we compare Colias eriphyle eggs and adults from two elevations and Colias meadii from a high elevation. Hatching success and egg development time of C. eriphyle eggs did not differ significantly with the elevation of origin. Egg survival declined in response to heat-shock temperatures above 38–40 °C and egg development time was shortest at intermediate heat-shock temperatures of 33–38 °C. Laboratory experiments with adults showed survival in response to heat shock was significantly greater for Colias from higher than from lower elevation sites. Common-garden experiments at the low-elevation field site showed that C. meadii adults initiated heat-avoidance and over-heating behaviors significantly earlier in the day than C. eriphyle. Our study demonstrates the importance of examining thermal tolerances across life stages. Our findings are inconsistent with the hypothesis that thermoregulatory behavior inhibits the geographic divergence of physiological traits in mobile stages, and suggest that sessile stages may evolve similar heat tolerances in different environments due to microclimatic variability or evolutionary constraints.
Productivity and depth regulate lake contributions to atmospheric methane

Despite significant contributions of inland lakes to the global methane cycle, we lack a process-based understanding of what regulates inter-lake variation in methane emissions. Previous comparative work has identified a potential link between lake primary productivity and methane emissions; also, lab-scale experiments suggest that the addition of algal substrate to anoxic sediments rapidly enhances rates of methanogenesis. This existing work indicates that primary productivity could enhance lake contributions to the global methane cycle. However, a more systematic investigation of the links between lake primary production, methanogenesis, and methane emission to the atmosphere is required to quantify the implications of increased cultural eutrophication for methane evasion from lakes. Using paired measurements of methanogenesis and methane emissions on 16 north temperate lakes, we documented a positive relationship between lake productivity and sediment methanogenesis rates. However, increased methanogenesis rates did not result in an increase in diffusive methane emissions. Rather, they generated greater methane storage during summer stratification and enhanced methane emission to the atmosphere via bubbling (ebullition), dependent on site depth. Ebullition most frequently occurred at sites less than 6 m deep and where methanogenesis rates were high. The relationships between lake productivity, methanogenesis, and depth-dependent ebullition suggests it is likely that shallow, productive lakes contribute significantly more methane to the atmosphere than deep, clear lakes and will continue to do so in light of the growing prevalence of lake eutrophication.
Differential treatment of minority children in service systems

training schools were maintained for "colored" youths, and most social ser vice agencies openly refused to serve black children because they were black. Although these instances of ra cism do not exist today, differences in the placement and treatment of minor ity youths and white youths by social service systems are still clearly visible. For example, the great majority of youths placed in training schools in Il linois are black, but almost all adoles cents placed in private psychiatric hos pitals are white. Today, social workers tend not to confront suggestions of racism in social service systems, turning instead to other, "safer" explanations for the dif ferential treatment of minority chil dren. These explanations deal with so cioeconomic, residential, and behav ioral differences between minority youths and white youths. However, two re cent longitudinal studies that pro vided data on the differential treat ment of minority youths indicated that racial bias, in addition to other socio economic factors such as poverty, contributes to such treatment.1 One of these studies found that both black and Puerto Rican youths in New York were more likely than white youths to be placed in foster care; once in care, they remained there longer than whites. Re sults of the other study showed that black youths in Philadelphia were more likely than white youths to come into contact with the juvenile justice sys tem and to receive harsh sentences. Moreover, in both studies, differences between minority youths and white youths remained when other vari ables—economic status, family situa tions in the NewYork study, and offense histories in the Philadelphia study—were controlled. The extent to which these differences exist nation wide has yet to be systematically ex amined. This article makes a beginning attempt to examine the status of minority youths, age 18 and under, in the juvenile justice, mental health, and child welfare systems through an analysis of official data and national
Planning for empowerment: Upending the traditional approach to planning for affordable housing in the face of gentrification

AbstractThe recent growth and gentrification of many cities has shifted the electoral and financial power, leaving low-income households with few options through which to claim rights to the city and remain in their communities. This type of community empowerment has been theorized as a dialectical relationship between the institutionalization and the assertion of discursive rights. However, this relationship requires the interactions of diverse actors and structures of governance to change the opportunities for marginalized groups to resist and build substantive rights. Using the case of housing and community development in Washington, DC, this paper explores the interplay between multiple sites of planning that have interacted over the past 40 years. These sites – government, advocacy and grassroots – have institutionalized discursive rights and created the conditions in which these rights can be effectively exercised to create opportunities for resistance against displacement. These relationships have ...
Gholine Esterase Activity in Various Portions of the Rabbit Heart

Summary1. The choline esterase concentration in the auricles of the rabbit heart was found to be considerably greater than that in the ventricles. 2. These data may be interpreted as supporting the viewpoint that there is an enzyme protective mechanism operating in the vagus system.
Planners Take Flight: Integrating Air Transportation into Planning Education

Air transportation is a mode of transportation that provides planning students an arena in which to tackle wicked, cross-specialization planning challenges that span geographies from local to global. A synthesis of syllabi and instructor surveys of thirty-seven graduate planning programs found that nine programs cover air transportation in a partial or full lecture in their introductory transportation planning courses and less than half mention it briefly. I provide linkages between air transportation planning and the most commonly covered planning topics so that professors of transportation planning—and possibly other specializations—can use these linkages to enrich topics in existing courses.
True Confessions from a Magnitude-weary Seismologist

I hate the Richter scale. It feels almost sacrilegious, but I have to say it. Even more, I wish that the public had never heard of it. I am sick of trying to explain logarithms to the reporter who never understood logarithms in middle school and understands them even less today. I dread the phone call from the next middle-school teacher who does understand logarithms and is determined to use the Richter scale to “make logarithms come alive for her students”, a teacher who will undoubtedly argue with me when I tell her a magnitude 6 has about 32 times the energy of a magnitude 5. Even when the lay public is not involved, the Richter scale offends me. My scientific soul despises something so arbitrary and empirical. I want meaning; I want connection to a physical reality.–I want units. Many years ago, Hugo Benioff proposed describing earthquake size with energy. It never took hold in part because we could never agree just how much energy is released. I have hoped that seismic moment could deliver us from The Scale. It has everything a scientist could love, a physical reality that connects field geology to geodesy to seismology. Just tell them …
Joseph Wood Krutch: A Cactus Walden

By the time he began writing about Arizona, he was well established as an Ivy League professor, Broadway critic, and articulator of the spiritually disillusioned modernism of the Waste Land era. Although he had been publishing nature writing from the close of the 1940s, "nature" was a swath of southern and eastern Connecticut where he had arrived, at first unwillingly, as a thirty-two year old summer expatriate from Greenwich Village. His interest was that of a man of the metropolis, a sophisticate who had chosen Arcadian semi-seclusion after experience. He had, in fact, also chosen the life of metropolitan sophisticate. His youth, through college, was spent in Knoxville, Tennessee where the blandness of the town rather than the beauty of its surrounding mountains and forests made the crucial impression. When he "fled" it was to the big city, not to the wilderness. One sees here a familiar American pattern: a boy from the provinces is drawn to New York where he "grows," "succeeds," "changes," "realizes himself" in a bigger and better way than he ever could at home. Sociologists call it acculturation. Since Krutch's success was literary and academic, that acculturation was toward Europe he would become a biographer of Dr. Johnson2 and an early enthusiast of Proust3 and toward the spiritual and cultural assumptions, in many ways the psychology of New England he would also become a biographer of Thoreau4, an event of great significance for the later course of his career. The Tennessean Krutch became a
Mapping Alterity on the Home Front: Kipling, Bagnold, and Allatini

Among the most persistent myths of the First World War is that of an unbridgeable gap between the civilian population in Britain and those with direct war experience. Memoirs, narratives, and autobiographical fiction by writers such as Edmund Blunden, Siegfried Sassoon, Vera Brittain, and the war journalist Philip Gibbs, as well as post-war histories by veterans such as the historian Liddell Hart, are built not only on the presumption of radically different experiences, but also on distinct spaces in which those experiences occur.1 Men (and many women) went to war and came back transformed by an experience they could not effectively communicate. This image of an absolute divide between the war zones and home replicates the divided spaces of empire. Empire, for the British, was always overseas and elsewhere, spatially distinct from the domestic nation. As historians Catherine Hall and Sonya Rose argue in At Home with Empire, the idea of “home and away” operates as a structural trope in Victorian Britain’s imperial lexicon.2 War, like empire, seemingly happened overseas and elsewhere. This homology between the imaginary geographies of war and empire is, as we have seen in previous chapters, by no means coincidental. Nowhere is this more evident than in the process of imagining the war’s alterity within Britain’s home front.
Intelligent computer-aided instruction in statics

The increased emphasis on fifth-generation computers has prompted much attention on the study of artificial intelligence and the sub-field of expert systems. Expert systems are computer programs which solve expert problems using expert knowledge. The primary emphasis of these programs is human knowledge representation of problems that humans solve. One of the areas where expert systems have been used is in education. The linking of expert systems and traditional Computer Aided Instruction is known as Intelligent Computer Aided Instruction. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of an expert system applied to undergraduate instruction. An expert system was developed to model the problem solving knowledge of Dr. J. L. Meriam from his text Engineering Mechanics Volume I, Statics. The rules and heuristics for solving two-dimensional truss problems were then implemented in the MRS language. The expert system was then validated by solving problems from the text in the same manner as Meriam. Linked to the expert system were three learning style modules. The learning styles modeled in this study were drill-and-practice, learning-by-example, and a new style called buddy-study. The buddy-state learning style represents an implementation of the Whimbley-pairs technique for computer based learning. The learning system comprising the expert system, learning style modules, and associated support programs were then tested for correctness and completeness. The results of the expert system validation demonstrated a system capable of solving problems within the domain as Meriam did. The learning style module testing showed procedures commensurate with accepted classroom uses of the styles. The buddy-study method demonstrated a computer learning strategy which places the expert system and the student user as colleagues in a problem solving environment. The results of the testing indicate the feasibility of such a system for inclusion in undergraduate statics courses.
Splicing Mechanisms That Generate Distinct Isoforms of Protein 4.1R During Terminal Erythroid Differentiation.

Abstract 4036 Poster Board III-972 The protein 4.1R gene is a large complex gene with two translation initiation sites (AUG1 and AUG2) that encode protein isoforms with distinct N-terminal structure and function. Expression of these isoforms is regulated by alternative splicing at either of two splice acceptor sites that flank exon 29 (E29), in which AUG1 is located. In late erythroblasts E29 is excluded, ensuring translation at AUG2 and synthesis of 80kDa protein 4.1R isoforms. Our earlier studies (EMBO J. 27:122-31, 2008) described a two-step intrasplicing pathway that enforces this splicing outcome exclusively in 4.1R pre-mRNA initiated at exon 1A (E1A), the major transcription start site in late erythropoiesis. The downstream exon 1B (E1B) first splices to the proximal acceptor site at E29 to generate an intermediate structure, which is then re-processed by splicing of E1A to the internal acceptor at E2, removing E1B as well as E29/AUG1. Experiments with minigenes suggested that intrasplicing is likely independent of specific promoter elements at E1A, but absolutely requires 59 splice site and branch point motifs associated with E1B. Here we sought evidence for functionality of these latter elements in the more physiological context of the endogenous 4.1R gene. The intrasplicing model predicts that morpholino oligonucleotides complementary to key regulatory motifs will block the first step of the pathway in natural 4.1R pre-mRNA transcripts, and yield inappropriate splicing of E1A to the first acceptor at E29. Antisense morpholinos directed against the E1B branchpoint or E1B 59splice site were transfected into cells and 4.1R splicing was examined 48hrs later by RT-PCR analysis. Both anti-4.1 morpholinos, but not a control morpholino, resulted in a concentration-dependent shift of E1A splicing to the proximal E29 acceptor site. In other studies we explored whether intrasplicing could occur internally within a gene, using a model pre-mRNA in which a constitutive exon was engineered between E1A and E1B. Analysis of this experiment suggested that any exon upstream of active E1B would follow the intrasplicing pathway and delete E29. We speculate that internal E1B-like elements in other genes could be selectively activated or silenced by splicing regulatory motifs in order to control downstream splice acceptor choice. Preliminary experiments indicate that weakening the E1B 59 splice site and its upstream pyrimidine tract might permit such regulation as observed for other alternative exons. Together these results provide additional support for the intrasplicing model and suggest that it could function more widely in human genes to coordinate splicing events and generate multiple protein isoforms with distinct functions. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Epitaxial stabilization of ordered Pd–Fe structures on perovskite substrates

Abstract We report the fabrication of epitaxial ferromagnetic Pd 3 Fe thin films on SrTiO 3 (001) substrates by promoting the interdiffusion of an Fe/Pd multilayer heterostructure using thermal annealing. Prior to annealing, the results of in-situ Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction characterization suggest that each Fe and Pd layer exhibited an in-plane epitaxial relationship with the SrTiO 3 (001) substrate. X-Ray diffraction and magneto-optic Kerr effect characterization, conducted post-annealing, demonstrate that the film composition is majority Pd 3 Fe and exhibits in-plane magnetization reversal with a moderate coercive field of ≈760 Oe. This demonstration of an ordered atomic layer heterostructure grown on a perovskite substrate suggests a route to epitaxial interfacial structures which can achieve strain-assisted magnetic switching.
Understanding Resident Performance, Mindfulness, and Communication in Critical Care Rotations.

Objective Evidence from the medical literature suggests that surgical trainees can benefit from mindful practices. Surgical educators are challenged with the need to address resident core competencies, some of which may be facilitated by higher levels of mindfulness. This study explores whether mindful residents perform better than their peers as members of the health care team. Design This study employed a multiphase, multimethod design to assess resident mindfulness, communication, and clinical performance. Setting Academic, tertiary medical center. Participants Residents ( N = 51) working in an intensive care unit. In phase I, medical residents completed a self-report survey of mindfulness, communication, emotional affect, and clinical decision-making. In phase II, resident performance was assessed using independent ratings of mindfulness and clinical decision-making by attending physicians and registered nurses. Results In phase 1, a significant positive relationship was found between resident performance and mindfulness, positive affect (PA), and communication. In phase 2, attending physicians/registered nurses' perceptions of residents' mindfulness were positively correlated with communication and inversely related to negative affect (NA). The top quartile of residents for performance and mindfulness had the lowest NA. Higher-rated residents underestimated their performance/mindfulness, whereas those in the lowest quartile overestimated these factors. Conclusions This study offers a number of implications for medical resident education. First, mindfulness was perceived to be a significant contributor to self-assessments of competency and performance. Second, both PA and NA were important to mindfulness and performance. Third, communication was associated with resident performance, mindfulness, and PA. These implications suggest that individual characteristics of mindfulness, communication, and affect, all potentially modifiable, influence care quality and safety. To improve low performers, surgical educators could screen and identify residents with inaccurate self-assessments. Residents open to feedback will improve faster and develop awareness toward situations and interactions with patients, colleagues, attending physicians, and staff.
Collaborative approach for a MANET Intrusion Detection System using multilateration

The use of Mobile ad hoc networking is a growing trend that encompasses a wide spectrum of application domains, including health care, defense, crisis management and others. In common, they all require quick deployment, dynamic communications, and security assurance. Although substantial effort has been put into the security aspect, the results so far have not been enough to claim high levels of information security. The usual way to conceive a secure network is to adopt perfectly secure encryption algorithms, secure protocols, and intrusion detection methods. Nevertheless, networks are still vulnerable to diverse factors, such as poor software design, information leakage from social engineering, and others. Once a network is compromised, the enemy is able not only to eavesdrop sensitive information but also to mislead valid users and to harm the operations supported by the network. Thus, in addition to the regular security measures, the ability of identifying adversaries before they become active is extremely desirable. This paper proposes to achieve this ability by applying a combination of different techniques to the design of a Collaborative MANET Intrusion Detection System (IDS). The system enhances the mobile network security using a secondary network of sensors, multilateration, predictive location algorithm, and information sharing protocol. To illustrate the concept, we developed a military tactical scenario simulation using three distinct software tools.
Proton elastic scattering from Ca 4 0 , 4 2 , 4 4 , 4 8 at 800 MeV

New and/or corrected 800 MeV $p+^{40,42,44,48}\mathrm{Ca}$ elastic angular distributions are presented. The data, together with analyzing power measurements, are analyzed to investigate the isotopic neutron and matter density differences between these four calcium isotopes. The analysis employs a local, spin-dependent form of the second order Kerman, McManus, and Thaler optical potential in which approximately model-independent forms for the neutron densities are assumed. Nucleon-nucleon amplitude uncertainties which occur at 800 MeV are taken into account in determining the empirical isotopic density differences. The deduced neutron and matter density differences are compared to the results of other intermediate energy proton and alpha particle scattering analyses and to Hartree-Fock predictions. The various empirical results are generally in good agreement with each other and with the Hartree-Fock predictions, except for $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ where the results obtained here and elsewhere suggest that the $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ neutron excess is not distributed at quite as large a radius as predicted by Hartree-Fock theory.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Proton elastic scattering cross sections; targets, $^{40,42,44,48}\mathrm{Ca}$; ${E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=800$ MeV; second order Kerman, McManus, and Thaler optical potential; neutron and matter isotopic density differences.
Coal–biomass mixing characteristics in a bubbling fluidized bed of Geldart A particles

Abstract In an effort to assess fluidization of coal–biomass mixtures, experiments and numerical simulations were used to better understand the dynamics in terms of mixing and bed characteristics. The computational platform MFiX was employed to simulate the particle–particle interactions of coal–biomass mixtures and compare the predictions with experimental data. The mixtures included sub-bituminous coal and hybrid poplar wood, which both are classified as Geldart A particles. Three mass ratio mixtures of 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30 coal:poplar wood were studied, and pressure drop and bed height for various gas inlet velocities were analyzed and compared to the experiments, which were in good agreement. It was found that the bed with 10% poplar wood showed characteristics consistent with a bed of coal and the bed with only 30% poplar wood was similar to a bed of poplar wood. A quantitative analysis of the mixing index confirmed that as the poplar wood mass ratio increased, the quality of mixing improved, with an average mixing index of 62%. Therefore, reasonable amounts of biomass can be added with coal without adverse effects of segregation or elutriation.
Skeletal Anomalies Associated with Esophageal Atresia

Skeletal anomalies are seen in 1.6–55 % of cases of esophageal atresia or tracheoesophageal fistula, usually in the context of the VACTERL association, and may be divided into limb and spinal anomalies. The most common limb anomaly is radial defect/hypoplasia. Congenital spine anomalies may lead to scoliosis, although deformity may also result iatrogenically after thoracotomy. Life expectancy mainly depends on the degree of nonskeletal involvement. Associated skeletal anomalies are typically non-life-threatening, and treatment of such may thus be delayed until medical stabilization is performed and a better understanding of overall prognosis is obtained. For patients with minimal symptoms or limitations secondary to nonskeletal anomalies, the results of treatment of their skeletal anomalies are dependent on the degree of involvement and type of malformation and are expected to be the same as if they occurred in isolated fashion.
Real-Time Detection of False Data Injection Attacks in Smart Grid: A Deep Learning-Based Intelligent Mechanism

Application of computing and communications intelligence effectively improves the quality of monitoring and control of smart grids. However, the dependence on information technology also increases vulnerability to malicious attacks. False data injection (FDI), that attack on the integrity of data, is emerging as a severe threat to the supervisory control and data acquisition system. In this paper, we exploit deep learning techniques to recognize the behavior features of FDI attacks with the historical measurement data and employ the captured features to detect the FDI attacks in real-time. By doing so, our proposed detection mechanism effectively relaxes the assumptions on the potential attack scenarios and achieves high accuracy. Furthermore, we propose an optimization model to characterize the behavior of one type of FDI attack that compromises the limited number of state measurements of the power system for electricity theft. We illustrate the performance of the proposed strategy through the simulation by using IEEE 118-bus test system. We also evaluate the scalability of our proposed detection mechanism by using IEEE 300-bus test system.
The architecture of responsive polymeric ligands on protein binding and recovery

Ligand design and optimization are critical for protein purification during downstream processing. Here the effects of three dimensional architecture of salt- and thermo-responsive polymeric ligands on binding and recovery of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated. The comb-like salt-responsive copolymers consisting of hydrophilic backbone (poly(hydroxylethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA))) and branched responsive (poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL)) chains have been successfully grafted on membrane substrates as hydrophobic interaction ligands for protein capture and recovery. Protein binding capacity, binding kinetics and recovery were systematically investigated as a function of backbone chain density and chain length. Atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was used to control the polymer chain length and chain density of grafted brushes. Our results show that the architecture of these polymeric ligands has a significant impact on protein binding and recovery. The protein binding isotherm was found to follow the Freundlich model suggesting a multi-layer adsorption mechanism.
Decency and the Liberal International (Dis)Order: Moral Limits and the Possibilities of a Global Pluralist Politics

AbstractThis article analyzes the tension between the liberal ideals of freedom and equality and cultural difference. It argues that decency has become intertwined with the fragility of the liberal international order by providing a problematic threshold of international justice. The idea is that as global pressures mount for protecting the human dignity of persons/peoples, they also congeal or harden decency’s political and social constraints (impartiality, neutrality, and basic rights enforcement) on engaging others. Decency as a moral threshold of international justice, the article claims, has become static or a self-reinforcing limitation. This contradictory decency/dignity dynamic of the liberal international order not only explains how states have aggressively asserted their interests by absorbing these constraints, but also how politics can limit the pragmatic potential to bridge the various social gaps in values and belief systems. This article seeks to conceptualize a pluralist ethos that shows h...
Industrial alarm systems: Challenges and opportunities

Abstract Industrial alarm systems are very critical for the efficient and safe operation and control of plants. Alarms are used to inform the operator about possible process deviations from the normal so that the operator can take appropriate corrective action. Alarm activation and the corresponding response from the operator together serve as one of the critical layers of protection during the occurrence of a process fault. With the rapid advancement in control systems technology over the past few decades, the number of process sensors deployed for a particular plant has dramatically increased. In addition, due to the ease in configuring the alarms in control systems, the number of alarms in a plant has also gone up. This has led to poor system performance, increase in the operator workload due to alarm overload, and catastrophic incidents in some cases. This review paper discusses such issues, provides details about the existing regulations, standards and guidelines, and challenges related to alarm management. In addition, it summarizes some of the open research problems in the area of effective alarm management.
Encouraging Upstream Experimentation and Downstream Coordination in a Design and Development Game

Upstream players produce design ideas and downstream players select among these ideas to develop finished products. Design diversity is valuable at the upstream stage and coordination is valuable at the downstream stage, in the sense that this maximizes the sum of payoffs to all players. However, this outcome is not always realized since both the upstream and downstream players may have an individual incentive to use different strategies, so that coordination occurs too soon or not at all. This problem is associated with too much predictability or too little difference in the relative value of designs. We show that an intermediary whose interests align with the industry as a whole can solve either problem by selecting among designs in such a way that occasionally rewards inferior ideas, so long as the intermediary has enforcement power or can extract commitments from downstream players. We discuss the application of the model to technology standards, political primaries, and trend-driven industries.
Development of performance loss functions for healthcare applications

Recent advances in medical knowledge and increased technological capability have combined to make the role of a healthcare provider more challenging. Medical professionals are routinely expected to digest a vast amount of data and develop actionable recommendations. This common 'expectation' of healthcare providers creates an opportunity for increased collaboration across the scientific community in the development of better methodologies for transforming data into information. This paper seeks to establish an informative exchange as to how quality engineering methodologies can be applied to treatment protocol selection. This work describes how to adapt the quality loss function for use within the healthcare domain. Reference interval-based performance functions have application in the development of new metrics for health assessments.
Assessing the Impact of Point Defects on Molecular Diffusion in ZIF-8 Using Molecular Simulations

Because defects are ubiquitous in materials, they may play an important role in affecting the performance of materials in practical applications. Here, we investigate the influence of point defects on the diffusion of molecules including water, hydrocarbons, and acid gases in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) using molecular simulations. To make these simulations possible, we introduce a force field that extends previous descriptions of pristine ZIF-8 to include experimentally relevant point defects. In general, the point defects we examined increase the local hopping rate for molecular diffusion, suggesting that low concentrations of these defects will not dominate long-range molecular diffusion in ZIF-8.
Class Journals, Grading Writing, and Teaching Writing Style

My experience with class journals is that they are as great as advertised, but that even in a mid-sized class they demand too much time, and many of the benefits to the professor can be gained more easily by adding extra-credit feedback questions to labs and exercises. Teaching writing style seems better done by other exercises that allow for detailed comparisons of similar and carefully written texts. When time prohibits detailed criticism of writing quality (or when one wishes to look past presentation to grade essays on content), I recommend giving a small number of points for a) neatness, b) spelling and punctuation, c) grammar, d) logic and organization, and e) word choice, clarity, and style. This gets me past annoyance with bad writing but tells the student that writing quality will always be noted.
More Detail, Less Certainty: Conditional Simulation

Conditional simulation deserves to be used more in analysis and mapping of regionalized variables. An important advantage to the geostatistical approach to mapping lies in the modeling of spatial covariance that precedes interpolation; semivariogram models derived from this step can make the final estimates sensitive to directional anisotropics present in the data. On the other hand, the smoothing property of kriging can also mean that one throws away detail at the mapping stage. I have argued above that when the geologist wants to estimate reserves, the smoothing property of kriged estimates in the presence of a large nugget effect is desirable. In some cases, the geologist may want to enhance extreme values, emphasize directional anisotropics, and in other ways exploit the fine-scale variation in data. In the place of local estimates with minimal estimation variance, the geologist wants a map that honors observed values of the regionalized variable, has the same degree of fine-scale variability as the observed data, and obeys the same spatial law. By relaxing the requirement of minimal squared error, conditional simulation sacrifices some certainty for more detail.
BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL FILTERING IN ARID-REGION ESTUARIES: SEASONALITY, EXTREME EVENTS, AND EFFECTS OF WATERSHED MODIFICATION

Abstract: Both biological and physical processes lead to the removal of dissolved and suspended materials from water that enters estuaries. Our understanding of these “filtering functions” in southern California estuaries is summarized in three concepts: I. In this semi-arid region, ecosystems are highly seasonal in their structure and functioning, so that both the biological and physical “filters” differ for wet and dry seasons. II. Extreme events such as floods substantially modify estuarine structure and functioning. They cause a decrease in biological functioning and dominance by physical phenomena. The effects of storm events differ for channel and marsh habitats. III. When extreme events coincide with major human disturbances in the watershed, estuarine functioning is altered, and the changes can have long-term consequences for the ecosystem. This summary developed from comparisons of three tidally-flushed systems, Tijuana Estuary, Mugu Lagoon, and Colorado Lagoon, for which data sets span years with and without major floods. The three concepts are working hypotheses that need to be tested; they should not yet be regarded as region-wide conclusions.
Lawful Device Access without Mass Surveillance Risk: A Technical Design Discussion

This paper proposes a systems-oriented design for supporting court-ordered data access to locked" devices with system-encrypted storage, while explicitly resisting large-scale surveillance use. We describe a design that focuses entirely on passcode self-escrow (i.e., storing a copy of the user passcode into a write-only component on the device) and thus does not require any changes to underlying cryptographic algorithms. Further, by predicating any lawful access on extended-duration physical seizure, we foreclose mass-surveillance use cases while still supporting reasonable investigatory interests. Moreover, by couching per-device authorization protocols with the device manufacturer, this design avoids creating new trusted authorities or organizations while providing particularity (i.e., no "master keys" exist). Finally, by providing a concrete description of one such approach, we hope to encourage further technical consideration of the possibilities and limitations of trade-offs in this design space.
The Resistances to Psychoanalysis and Global Progress

This chapter examines some of the many ways that people misunderstand psychoanalysis and global progress. In reviewing the distorted interpretations of the pleasure principle, the reality principle, the primary processes, and transference, I reveal how psychoanalysis has been repressed from within psychoanalysis itself. I also connect this repression to the ways people deny the evidence concerning our global progress.
High-dose combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, carmustine, etoposide, and autologous bone marrow transplantation in 60 patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease: the M. D. Anderson experience.

Patients with Hodgkin’s disease who do not respond to initial combination chemotherapy or who relapse after an initial response to chemotherapy have a poor prognosis. The complete remission rate with further combination chemotherapy is less than 50%, with short remission duration and low cure fraction (Hagemeister et al. 1987; Santoro et al. 1986; Tseng et al. 1987). In 1983, we started using high-dose chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide (CVB) and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for the treatment of these groups of patients. Other groups have also used high-dose chemotherapy and ABMT in similar patients (Ahmed et al. 1987; Carella et al. 1986; Goldstone et al. 1986; O’Reilly et al. 1987; Philip et al. 1986). This report will update our previously reported experience at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Jagannath et al. 1986 a, b).