cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple leiomyomas of the esophagus, lung, and uterus in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder characterized by multiple parathyroid, pancreatic, duodenal, and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Nonendocrine mesenchymal tumors, such as lipomas, collagenomas, and angiofibromas have also been reported. MEN1-associated neuroendocrine and some mesenchymal tumors have documented MEN1 gene alterations on chromosome 11q13. To test whether the MEN1 gene is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple smooth muscle tumors, we examined the 11q13 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and clonality patterns in 15 leiomyomata of the esophagus, lung, and uterus from five patients with MEN1. Forty sporadic uterine leiomyomata were also studied for 11q13 LOH. LOH analysis was performed using four polymorphic DNA markers at the MEN1 gene locus; D11S480, PYGM, D11S449 , and INT-2 . 11q13 LOH was detected in 10 of 12 (83%) MEN1-associated esophageal and uterine smooth muscle tumors. In contrast, LOH at the MEN1 gene locus was demonstrated only in 2 of 40 (5%) sporadic uterine tumors. LOH at 11q13 was not documented in three lung smooth muscle tumors from a single patient with MEN1. Ten tumors from two female patients were additionally assessed for clonality by X-chromosome inactivation analysis. The results demonstrated different clonality patterns in multiple tumors in the same organ in each individual patient. The data indicate that leiomyomata of the esophagus and uterus in MEN1 patients arise as independent clones, develop through MEN1 gene alterations, and are an integral part of MEN1. However, the MEN1 gene is not a significant contributor to the tumorigenesis of sporadic uterine leiomyomata.
Solute segregation under irradiation

Abstract Recent calculations of substitutional solute segregation to planar surfaces, voids, and dislocations in fcc metals during irradiation are reviewed. The calculations were based on a kinetic model that included the effects of vacancy and dumbellinterstitial diffusional encounters with solute atoms, diffusion of point defects and bound complexes, and spatially dependent reaction terms. Solute segregation is found to be significant in the temperature range from 0.2 to 0.6 T m . The temperature for maximum segregation is appreciably higher for heavy-ion bombardment or high-voltage-electron-microscope irradiation rates than for fast-reactor irradiation rates. Segregation is also found to be maximum when the interstitialsolute binding energy is sufficiently high so that the migration energies of the vacancy and interstitial-solute complex become comparable. Furthermore, the magnitude of the segregation effect varies with foil thickness, void size, void number density, dislocation-capture radius, and dislocation density.
Prognostic Factors for Renal Cell Carcinoma With Tumor Thrombus Extension

Purpose: We identified prognostic factors for renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extension and assessed whether the current T3 classification could be improved.Materials and Methods: We studied clinicopathological parameters in 321 consecutive patients who were surgically treated for renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extension. Disease specific survival was evaluated with univariate and multivariate analysis. Harrell’s C-index was used to assess the prognostic accuracy of prognostic models.Results: Tumor thrombus extended into the renal vein in 166 patients, the inferior vena cava in 137 and the atrium in 18. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma was found in 198 patients (62%). The thrombus level had no impact on clinicopathological parameters or survival but perioperative morbidity and mortality increased with cranial extension of the thrombus. Mean followup was 49 months. Five and 10-year disease specific survival rates were 36% and 24%, respectively. On multivariate analysis Eastern Cooperative...
Microwave Spectrum of Carbon Monsulfide

CS was produced by an electrical discharge through C${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ and continuously flowed through a conventional Stark spectrometer. The $J=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1$ transitions of the isotopic species ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{S}}^{32}$, ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{S}}^{33}$, ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{S}}^{34}$, and ${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$${\mathrm{S}}^{32}$ were observed in their vibrational ground states. ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{S}}^{32}$ was also observed in its first excited vibrational state. The spectra yield the following molecular constants: In Mc/sec, ${B}_{e}({\mathrm{C}}^{12}{\mathrm{S}}^{32})=24584.352\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015,$ ${B}_{e}({\mathrm{C}}^{12}{\mathrm{S}}^{33})=24381.011\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.027,$ ${B}_{e}({\mathrm{C}}^{12}{\mathrm{S}}^{34})=24190.198\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.014,$ ${B}_{e}({\mathrm{C}}^{13}{\mathrm{S}}^{32})=23205.215\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.020,$ $\ensuremath{\alpha}({\mathrm{C}}^{12}{\mathrm{S}}^{32})=+177.544\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.026,$ $eqQ({\mathrm{C}}^{12}{\mathrm{S}}^{33})=+12.835\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.026,$ Dipole moment = 1.97 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 Debye units, Equilibrium bond distance = 1.5349\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0002 A, Where ${B}_{e}=\mathrm{equilibrium}\mathrm{rotational}\mathrm{constant}$, $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\mathrm{v}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}$, and $eqQ=\mathrm{electric}\mathrm{quadrupole}\mathrm{coupling}\mathrm{constant}$.The mass ratios calculated from the above ${B}_{e}$ values are: ${\mathrm{S}}^{32}$/${\mathrm{S}}^{34}$ = 0.941246\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}22, ${\mathrm{S}}^{32}$/${\mathrm{S}}^{33}$=0.9696909\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}32, and ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$/${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$=0.9228447 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20.Nuclear magnetic interactions of ${\mathrm{S}}^{33}$ were also detected. The coefficient $C$ of the $C\mathrm{I}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{J}$ coupling term was found to have the value 0.019\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015 Mc/sec.
Delayed Antigen Presentation by Epidermal Langerhans Cells to Cloned T h1 and T h2 Cells

Langerhans (LC) cells require incubation with protein antigen for several days before the cells effectively stimulate proliferation of cloned, H-2 restricted, antigen-specific T h cells. In contrast, splenic antigen-presenting cells are immediately effective. LC are immediately competent, however, if an immunogenic peptide rather than the intact protein is the immunogen, indicating that resident or unchallenged LC have the required class II MHC and can provide the signals necessary for T-cell proliferation but may lack the capacity to internalize or cleave protein antigens. We propose that delayed antigen presentation by LC may be intrinsic and advantageous for promoting early systemic immunity. LC stimulate cloned T h1 and T h2 cells equally well, suggesting that LC may not limit or bias the type of immunity that occurs with cutaneous antigenic challenge.
College Student BlackBerry Versus Apple Users: A Qualitative-Comparative Analysis

The present study provides an analysis of college student BlackBerry and Apple users from three previously published qualitative research articles. The results were compared in order to show the contrasts, as well as some similarities, between students who use divergent PDA devices. In particular, we note five key differences that seem to demarcate the two groups, based on the qualitative interviews they shared regarding technology use. The differences became evident in the domains of motivation for purchase and continued use, desired outcomes from technology, brand loyalty, group connectedness, and social perceptions. Overall, the BlackBerry users described themselves mostly in utilitarian terms and Apple users framed their perceptions in light of valued cool/artistic elements. The results are discussed with respect to social psychology dynamics, the effects of advertising on consumers, and brand loyalty impacts.
T cell mimicry in inflammatory heart disease.

Inflammatory heart diseases such as myocarditis and rheumatic heart disease result from the infiltration of the myocardium or valve with T cells and macrophages that result in scarring of the myocardium or valve and alteration in cardiac function. Our studies of T cells from these diseases have identified cardiac myosin in both rheumatic carditis and myocarditis as an important autoantigen. In rheumatic heart disease, streptococcal M protein specific T cells migrate to valves. By investigating streptococcal M protein and cardiac myosin in the Lewis rat model of myocarditis and valvulitis, T cell mimicry is supported as a potential mechanism in disease. Structural and immunological mimicry between the streptococcal M protein and cardiac myosin is shown directly in the Lewis rat model. Rat T cell lines demonstrate mimicry between cardiac myosin and M protein, and T ells isolated directly from inflammatory lesions in myocarditis respond to streptococcal M protein peptides. Studies in BALB/c mice also support the immunological crossreactivity of T cells primed against cardiac myosin with streptococcal M protein peptides containing cardiac myosin homologies. T cell lines produced from the Lewis rat specific to the cardiac myosin like sequences of streptococcal M protein migrated to the valves after passive transfer of the M protein specific T cell lines. In coxsackieviral myocarditis in the MRL mouse strain, cardiac myosin mimicking M protein peptide NT4 was found to induce tolerance and prevent coxsackieviral induced myocarditis, suggesting T cell mimicry between coxsackievirus and streptococcal M protein, both of which are associated with inflammatory heart disease. T cell mimicry between cardiac myosin and microbial antigens such as the streptococcal M protein may prime the immune system for inflammatory heart disease.
Prostatic asymmetry as a risk factor for prostatic carcinoma: serial prostate-specific antigen monitoring and cancer detection.

Objective To compare the rates of cancer detection in men with a normal, asymmetric, or suspicious prostate on digital rectal examination (DRE) initially and after 3 years of serial monitoring of prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. Patients and methods Prostatic ‘asymmetry’ was defined as asymmetric growth of the lateral lobes of the prostate without induration or nodules, as assessed by a DRE. The study included 963 men with no clinical evidence of prostate cancer and whose serum PSA levels were monitored at 4 month intervals. Prostatic biopsy was recommended if the PSA level became persistently abnormal (>4ng/mL) or increased by >20% after having been initially abnormal. Cancer detection rates were compared among groups categorized by the initial DRE findings and serum PSA level. Results On comparing groups with suspicious and normal DREs, and abnormal with normal PSA levels both, as expected, were associated with a statistically significant increase in cancer detection. However, an asymmetric prostate did not carry an increased risk of detecting prostate cancer when compared with a normal prostate, regardless of PSA level. Conclusions An asymmetric prostate does not appear to be an independent risk factor for detecting prostate cancer. Therefore, an asymmetric prostate with no abnormality in PSA level should not mandate prostatic biopsy, or even an increase in monitoring frequency above the presently recommended annual interval.
Developing Computer Techniques and Tools for Writing Teachers.

THE INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTERS has brought enormous changes to writing instruction. It has changed the ways that students write and also the ways that teachers teach. Varying levels of technological support require teachers to develop different strategies and techniques to enhance their teaching. But even with minimal resources, writing instructors can intervene effectively at several stages of the writing process and can provide more individualized instruction. The new technology creates pedagogical opportunities, and as teachers become familiar with that technology, they can shape resources to meet their needs.
Reclaiming Sexual Difference: What Queer Theory Can't Tell Us about Sexuality

This article argues that both queer theory's erasure of bisexuality and the masculine bias within the field can be attributed to scholars’ overreliance on, and problematic extension of, the Foucauldian theory of sexuality that has come to dominate the field of sexuality studies. By ignoring the fundamental antagonism between sexuality and meaning and overlooking not gender but sexual difference (i.e., the internal, nonsymbolizable alterity within all subjects), Foucauldian-influenced queer critics are unable to conceive of a subject whose constitution does not depend upon the repudiation of difference and the disavowal of internal and symbolic limits. Drawing on a psychoanalytic conceptualization of femininity, this article theorizes bisexual subjectivity and sexuality as a distinct lived relation to the limits of symbolic identity and knowledge, and attempts to show how the concept of sexual difference is critical if bisexual theorists are to challenge the logic of the universal that accounts for the era...
Participatory design process for an in-vehicle affect detection and regulation system for various drivers

Considerable research has shown that diverse affective (emotional) states influence cognitive processes and performance. To detect a driver's affective states and regulate them may help increase driving performance and safety. There are some populations who are more vulnerable to issues regarding driving, affect, and affect regulation (e.g., novice drivers, young drivers, older drivers, and drivers with TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)). This paper describes initial findings from multiple participatory design processes, including interviews with 21 young drivers, and focus groups with a TBI driver and two driver rehab specialists. Depending on user groups, there are distinct issues and needs; therefore, differentiated approaches are needed to design an in-vehicle assistive technology system for a specific target user group.
Isomerization of all-trans-retinoids to 11-cis-retinoids in vitro.

Abstract The key biochemical process of the vertebrate visual cycle required for rhodopsin regeneration, 11-cis-retinoid production from all-trans-retinoids, is shown to occur in vitro. A 600 X g supernatant from a frog retina/pigment epithelium homogenate transforms added all-trans-[3H]retinol, in a time-dependent fashion, to a mixture of 11-cis-retinol, 11-cis-retinal, and 11-cis-retinyl palmitate. 13-cis-Retinoids are formed in only minor amounts by nonspecific processes. Studies using washed particulate fractions of the 600 X g supernatant indicate that all-trans-[3H]retinol is isomerized to 11-cis-retinoids much more effectively than is all-trans-[3H]retinal or all-trans-[3H]retinyl palmitate. The 11-cis-retinoid biosynthetic activity is heat-labile, sedimentable by high-speed centrifugation, and largely found in the pigment epithelium rather than in the neural retina.
Why do yellow-bellied marmots call?

Correspondence and present address: D. T. Blumstein, Schools of Behavioural and Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia (email: dan@galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au). K. B. Armitage is at the Department of Systematics and Ecology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, U.S.A. When we see animals do things that are potentially risky, such as alarm calling around predators, we ask why. Why should an animal possibly identify itself to a predator when it could simply make a silent escape? Hamilton’s (1964) inclusive fitness (kin selection) hypothesis is often used to explain the evolution and maintenance of alarm-calling behaviour (Maynard Smith 1965; and references in Hauber & Sherman 1998). Mathematically, the logic is elegant: individuals surrounded by relatives acquire a genetic benefit both from warning or otherwise protecting relatives that are descendants as well as nondescendants. If the benefit from both ‘direct’ and ‘indirect’ pathways to fitness (Brown 1987) is sufficiently large, the benefit may outweigh any costs associated with performing the seemingly risky behaviour and the behaviour will evolve and/or be maintained. A reasonable empirical question that arises when looking at a system that may have evolved through kin selection is: do the animals have a way of assessing relatedness and modifying their behaviour appropriately, as would be predicted if they were attempting to maximize their inclusive fitness? We addressed this question indirectly by seeing if and how yellow-bellied marmot, Marmota flaviventris, alarm-calling behaviour was influenced by the presence or absence of both descendent and nondescendent kin (Blumstein et al. 1997). Hauber & Sherman (1998); questioned, on logical and methodological grounds, our assertion that yellow-bellied marmots respond in a way suggesting that they maximize their direct, and not indirect, component of inclusive fitness. Below we address their major criticisms and acknowledge on-going disagreement over the definition of kin selection (Sherman 1980; Shields 1980). Is total r the ‘simple weighted sum’ that Grafen (1982, 1984) showed could not be used to calculate inclusive fitness? In a word, no. We used total r as a measure of the opportunity for kin selection (strictly it is the sum of the weights that could be used to calculate inclusive fitness benefits). As Hauber & Sherman (1998) noted, Creel (1990, page 230) wrote that to calculate an individual’s inclusive fitness, the effect of one individual on others’
Composition, structure, and nanomechanical properties of DC-sputtered CrNx (0≤x≤1) thin films

Abstract CrNx (0≤x≤1) thin films were deposited on silicon (100) by DC reactive magnetron sputtering using a wide range of N2 partial pressures. Composition and crystal structure were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Nanoindentation hardness and reduced modulus were measured using a Hysitron nanomechanical properties system. Annealing effects on structure and mechanical properties were studied. The presence of Cr, Cr2N and CrN (and mixtures of these phases) has been confirmed and related to the average film composition. With a small amount of N2 added (pN2∼0.5%) the strong Cr (110) peak disappears and the hardness of Cr increases significantly. Pure Cr2N was obtained for pN2 in the range of 7.5–9.5%, while pure CrN was obtained for pN2>20% of the total pressure. The highest hardness was obtained for pN2 in the range of 10–15% of the total pressure. During annealing (400°C, 2 h), a Cr2N (111) texture appeared for pN2 in the range of 0.5–10.0% of the total pressure. The hardness and modulus of Cr, Cr2N and CrN increased after annealing.
Vibrotactile feedback of motor performance errors for enhancing motor learning

Feedback related to motor performance is integral to improving the control, timing and coordination of movements. However, motor learning traditionally occurs within a group setting, limiting the quality of instruction and feedback. Even during one-on-one instruction, there are impediments to feedback such as physical separation between trainer and trainee, common in many sports such as snowboarding and swimming. We propose an inexpensive solution for real-time vibrotactile positioning and speed feedback that can complement traditional motor learning, and is compatible with existing vibrotactile motor instructions. We present a psychophysical study that examined participants' initial reactions to feedback stimuli pertaining to position and speed adjustments. Results support the proposed design in terms of both usability and naturalness, and provide insight into participants' conceptualization of feedback signals and feedback for rotational movements.
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE DUAL RESONANCE MODEL.

In this paper we give a general procedure for the construction of the physical states in the case of intercept α(0) = 1. This procedure exhibits in an explicit form the “bootstrap” requirement that the spectrum of the intermediate states, obtained by the factorization of the scattering amplitude, is independent from the particular process used for constructing it. A big advantage of this way is that one avoids the unnecessary introduction of spurious states. The physical states are constructed together with their corresponding operators; this makes it then possible to get scattering amplitudes with the physical states on the external legs. Using the vertex operator associated with the photon-like particle of the level α(s) = 1, we can construct an infinite number of orthogonal and positive norm states, growing up exponentially as the partition function of n objects with only two Lorentz components. The zero mass of the “photon” has been also used to construct operators which transform a physical state belonging to a certain multiplet α(s) = n into another physical state contained in the same multiplet. These operators should be intimately related to the degeneracy of the multiplets. An interesting by-product of this approach is the universality of the “electric charge” and the “magnetic moment.”
Confronting Gender Issues in a Novice Teacher's Classroom: Student and Parent/Teacher Educator Perspectives

This paper stems from a classroom discussion in which one author, a sixth-grade student in that classroom, contended that boys only read books about boys and proposed that the teacher change the situation by assigning books with both male and female main characters. The boys who responded emphatically denied the girl's claim, and the teacher later ended the discussion with a caution against stereotypes. In this paper, the authors describe their reactions to the incident and their decision to explore the students' claims by conducting a study based on the students' year-end reading records. Incorporating first-person reflections, they present the findings of their study, suggest alternate approaches for the teacher, and discuss implications for teacher education programs.
Filtration into the pleural and airway spaces.

Filtration patterns from the pulmonary vascular bed into the pleural space differ from those for the airway spaces. In the pleural space, the direction and the rate of filtration are proportional to the vascular-pleural pressure differences. Filtration into the airway is inhibited as long as vascular pressure exceeds airway pressure by less than 12cm. H2O. At higher transmural pressures filtration is very rapid. Retrograde perfusion produces more filtration than antegrade perfusion. These data suggest that the transmural filtration occurs at the venous end of the capillaries and perhaps in the venules. A special property of the airway prevents filtration until a critical value is achieved. The significance of these filtration patterns in ventilation, effusion and edema are discussed.
Changes in hormone responsiveness of chick oviduct during primary stimulation with estrogen

Abstract The induction of ovalbumin mRNA (mRNAov) and conalbumin mRNA (mRNAcon) during primary stimulation of the chick oviduct with estrogen was monitored by hybridization with complementary DNAs (cDNA). Approximately 4 mRNAov and 30 mRNAcon molecules per cell were detected in the unstimulated oviduct and these levels increased to about 250 and 300 molecules/cell, respectively, after 1 day of treatment with estradiol benzoate. The rates of accumulation of both mRNAs were about an order of magnitude lower than the rates observed during secondary stimulation, i.e., in birds withdrawn from prior estrogen treatment and then restimulated. In situ hybridization with cDNAov revealed that nearly all of the epithelial cells of the oviduct accumulate mRNAov within a day of estrogen treatment and that the percentage of responsive cells is about the same as in withdrawn oviducts; thus, the submaximal response during primary stimulation cannot be explained by a difference in the number of responsive cells. The number of nuclear estrogen receptors in the oviduct increases from 850 to 4500 molecules per cell within 3 hr of estrogen administration in vivo. These values are greater than the number of nuclear receptors measured during early secondary stimulation, implying that nuclear receptors are not the rate-limiting component during primary stimulation. Therefore, we propose that receptor-induced transcription or mRNA stabilization is suboptimal during primary stimulation. Oviduct explants incubated in culture with 100 nM 17β-estradiol are able to induce mRNAov and mRNAcon. This induction occurs without a significant change in DNA synthesis and is unaffected by hydroxyurea. These observations, taken together with the in vivo studies, indicate that primary stimulation of the oviduct with estrogen is qualitatively similar to secondary stimulation and that the initial accumulation of mRNAov and mRNAcon occurs prior to cell division. Neither progesterone nor glucocorticoids induce mRNAov or mRNAcon during primary stimulation, whereas they are both as effective as estrogen during early secondary stimulation. Thus, during primary stimulation with estrogen, the oviduct becomes responsive to these other steroid hormones. This responsiveness is maintained even in the absence of continued estrogen stimulation. Estrogen must be present for more than 36 hr to allow subsequent secondary stimulation with progesterone. Progesterone receptor levels increase several-fold between 36 and 48 hr after primary stimulation with estrogen; this time correlates well with the time when progesterone begins to show effects on mRNA accumulation and morphogenesis.
An Economic Evaluation on Organic Cherry Production: A Case of Turkey

ABSTRACT This project had been conducted in Manisa, which is one of Turkey's most important cherry production areas, for the aim of organic cherry production opportunities project, started in 2000. In this study, one variety of cherry has been selected and according to the different fertilization applications, its unit cost ($/kg) and net return per unit ($/ha) in organic production conditions have been completely defined. And finally, these findings have been compared with conventional production conditions of the same variety. The main scope of this study is to determine whether organic cherry production is rational when compared with conventional production in terms of unit cost and net return per unit, and also to give suggestions according to these. The findings of this study have shown that organic cherry production is more profitable when it is compared with conventional cherry production. According to these results, transition from conventional agriculture to organic agriculture for cherry product...
Head-on collision of neutron stars as a thought experiment

The head-on collision of identical neutron stars from rest at infinity requires a numerical simulation in full general relativity for a complete solution. Undaunted, we provide a relativistic, analytic argument to suggest that during the collision, sufficient thermal pressure is always generated to support the hot remnant in quasi-static stable equilibrium against collapse prior to slow cooling via neutrino emission. Our conclusion is independent of the total mass of the progenitors and holds even if the remnant greatly exceeds the maximum mass of a cold neutron star.
The Sociometrics Program Archives: Promoting the Dissemination of Evidence-Based Practices Through Replication Kits

It is important that psychosocial interventions that have been shown to be effective in changing risky behavior be disseminated, so that they can be replicated and their effectiveness evaluated in a new setting. This article describes an innovative method for promoting the dissemination of evidence-based practice through replication kits. Three problem-focused collections of promising prevention programs, the Program Archive on Sexuality, Health and Adolescence, the HIV/AIDS Prevention Program Archive, and the Youth Substance Abuse Prevention Program Archive, are used to illustrate this technique for improving information exchange between social work research and practice. The productive research-to-practice feedback loop described in this article can be generalized to any other content area for which standard intervention protocols or curricula have been or could be developed.
Production of 73Se in cyclotron and its uptaken in tumors of mice

Abstract Selenium-73 was produced in a cyclotron by irradiation of germanium with 3He. 4–8 mCi were obtained by 2-h bombardment with a 20-μA beam. Carrier-free selenate and selenite were prepared by chemical processing. Distribution of this isotope was studied in normal and tumor-bearing mice. Various tumor types took up the radioselenium slowly and continuously in contrast to rapid clearance of the activity from most normal organs. Incorporation of selenium in association with protein and chondroitin sulfate synthesis in vivo was suggested.
Purification and Characterization of an Endoglucanase from Pseudomonas solanacearum

Comparative analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of culture supernatants of a virulent Pseudomonas solanacearum strain and of a spontaneous avirulent mutant derived from it was performed. The results show that the levels of two major polypeptides with molecular masses of 43 and 25 kilodaltons (kDa) were markedly reduced in the spent culture medium of the avirulent mutant. In addition, enzyme assays showed that the level of carboxymethyl cellulase (endoglucanase) activity in the culture supernatants of the avirulent mutant was reduced over 25-fold, whereas polygalacturonase activities in both strains were nearly identical. Purification of the endoglucanase from the spent culture medium of the virulent P. solanacearum strain by adsorption to phosphocellulose, salt elution, and gel-filtration chromatography yielded a >95% pure preparation of the 43-kDa polypeptide. The kinetic and enzymatic properties of the purified endoglucanase were subsequently analyzed. Antibody prepared against the purified 43-kDa endoglucanase was used to demonstrate its production by several strains of P. solanacearum races 1 and 2.
An active networking approach to service customization

Active networking is a powerful technology to insert new functionality into networking. We look at how active networking technology can be used to customize network services. We observe that users often want slightly different versions of network services such as multicast and network quality of service. We propose to implement these services as a base service that provides the basic service functionality and a customization code module that allows users to customize the service. The customization module uses a service-specific API to modify service behavior. We compare this architecture with the traditional active networking architecture based on execution environments and active applications. We also present several examples of customizable network services.
Localized differences in caudate and hippocampal shape are associated with schizophrenia but not antipsychotic type.

Abstract Caudate and hippocampal volume differences in patients with schizophrenia are associated with disease and antipsychotic treatment, but local shape alterations have not been thoroughly examined. Schizophrenia patients randomly assigned to haloperidol and olanzapine treatment underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3, 6, and 12 months. The caudate and hippocampus were represented as medial representations (M-reps); mesh structures derived from automatic segmentations of high resolution MRIs. Two quantitative shape measures were examined: local width and local deformation. A novel nonparametric statistical method, adjusted exponentially tilted (ET) likelihood, was used to compare the shape measures across the three groups while controlling for covariates. Longitudinal shape change was not observed in the hippocampus or caudate when the treatment groups and controls were examined in a global analysis, nor when the three groups were examined individually. Both baseline and repeated measures analysis showed differences in local caudate and hippocampal size between patients and controls, while no consistent differences were shown between treatment groups. Regionally specific differences in local hippocampal and caudate shape are present in schizophrenic patients. Treatment-related related longitudinal shape change was not observed within the studied timeframe. Our results provide additional evidence for disrupted cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits in schizophrenia. Clinical trial information This longitudinal study was conducted from March 1, 1997 to July 31, 2001 at 14 academic medical centers (11 in the United States, one in Canada, one in the Netherlands, and one in England). This study was performed prior to the establishment of centralized registries of federally and privately supported clinical trials.
Safe futures for Java

A future is a simple and elegant abstraction that allows concurrency to be expressed often through a relatively small rewrite of a sequential program. In the absence of side-effects, futures serve as benign annotations that mark potentially concurrent regions of code. Unfortunately, when computation relies heavily on mutation as is the case in Java, its meaning is less clear, and much of its intended simplicity lost.This paper explores the definition and implementation of safe futures for Java. One can think of safe futures as truly transparent annotations on method calls, which designate opportunities for concurrency. Serial programs can be made concurrent simply by replacing standard method calls with future invocations. Most significantly, even though some parts of the program are executed concurrently and may indeed operate on shared data, the semblance of serial execution is nonetheless preserved. Thus, program reasoning is simplified since data dependencies present in a sequential program are not violated in a version augmented with safe futures.Besides presenting a programming model and API for safe futures, we formalize the safety conditions that must be satisfied to ensure equivalence between a sequential Java program and its future-annotated counterpart. A detailed implementation study is also provided. Our implementation exploits techniques such as object versioning and task revocation to guarantee necessary safety conditions. We also present an extensive experimental evaluation of our implementation to quantify overheads and limitations. Our experiments indicate that for programs with modest mutation rates on shared data, applications can use futures to profitably exploit parallelism, without sacrificing safety.
ENERGY-BAND STRUCTURE OF SOLIDS FROM A PERTURBATION ON THE "EMPTY LATTICE"

Abstract A simple perturbation approach is developed to obtain the energy-band structure of solids. The unperturbed Hamiltonian consists of the kinetic part and of a uniform potential; the perturbing operator is the crystal potential plus a term which originates from the requirement that valence and conduction states be orthogonal to the inner states. This amounts to an approximation to the O.P.W. method. Reasons are given for the validity of such a simple scheme and applications are made to the case of the diamond lattice and of the zincblende lattice. It is shown how features of the energy-band structure depend on the symmetry of the lattice, on the lattice parameter and on the “core states” of the atomic components. Numerical results obtained for diamond, silicon and BN are in fair agreement with recent calculations. An energy-band structure consistent with experimental information is obtained for Ge and GaAs by fixing the values of a few parameters.
Literature and Art as a Prologue for Moral Energy

This column describes the use of selected literature and art to foster dialogue in a doctoral course in nursing surrounding issues involving healthcare ethics. Literature provides concentrated slices of reality which pose questions requiring deep reflection about human frailty, suffering, and death. Works of art nurture students' creative thinking and critical judgment and provide a vehicle to describe extraordinary vulnerable situations where nurses are engaged with others.
Balancing free speech and censorship: academia's response to the Internet

Many universities do not consider the topic of censorship important enough to address in a formal way---but the legal and ethical risks of neglecting this issue should not be ignored.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR ANALYZING COMPLICATED ABSORPTION CURVES, OF USE IN THE COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF URINARY STEROIDS

THERE are many color reactions which have been found useful in the quantitative determination of several of the steroids. The first of these, employing phenolsulfonic acid, was discovered by Kober in 1931 (1) and has been employed in various modifications for the determination of the urinary estrogens. The second, utilizing m-dimtrobenzene, was discovered by Zimmermann in 1936 and has become very useful for the determination of the urinary 17-ketosteroids (2). Both of these reactions give characteristic colors with specific absorption maxima when pure compounds are used. However, in urinary extracts there are chromogenic impurities which make a correction necessary unless the compounds being measured are present in considerable amount. These two color reactions, and modifications thereof, have actually almost completely replaced bioassay as a method for studying the excretion of the steroids. Also they are in many instances more valuable than bio-assay since they make possible the study of relatively inac...
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors with KIT mutations exhibit a remarkably homogeneous gene expression profile

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract, are believed to arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal. GISTs are characterized by mutations in the proto-oncogene KIT that lead to constitutive activation of its tyrosine kinase activity. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571, active against the BCR-ABL fusion protein in chronic myeloid leukemia, was recently shown to be highly effective in GISTs. We used 13,826-element cDNA microarrays to define the expression patterns of 13 KIT mutation-positive GISTs and compared them with the expression profiles of a group of spindle cell tumors from locations outside the gastrointestinal tract. Our results showed a remarkably distinct and uniform expression profile for all of the GISTs. In particular, hierarchical clustering of a subset of 113 cDNAs placed all of the GIST samples into one branch, with a Pearson correlation >0.91. This homogeneity suggests that the molecular pathogenesis of a GIST results from expansion of a clone that has acquired an activating mutation in KIT without the extreme genetic instability found in the common epithelial cancers. The results provide insight into the histogenesis of GIST and the clinical behavior of this therapeutically responsive tumor.
Potential problems with large scale differential pricing programs

Flat rate prices for residential customers have historically enhanced the ability of system operators to predict demand by providing a smooth, certain price signal, thus reducing risk in meeting the need to instantaneously balance supply and demand in electricity systems/markets. The desire to reduce peak loads, however, has lead to exploration of dynamic pricing, including time of use and critical peak pricing programs. These programs are currently in the pilot stage throughout the US, with low overall participation by residential load. Large-scale participation in dynamic pricing programs can cause unwanted consequences that will not be observed in small-scale programs. This paper investigates several potential negative consequences from large-scale participation in existing dynamic pricing programs. These include: the rebound effect, coincident load shifting/shedding, and limitations of fixed, uniform pricing periods.
Laminar Flame Speeds and Strain Sensitivities of Mixtures of H2∕O2∕N2 at Elevated Preheat Temperatures

Laminar flame speeds and strain sensitivities of mixtures of H 2 and air or air highly diluted with N 2 (O 2 :N 2 1:9) have been measured for a range of equivalence ratios at high preheat conditions (∼700 K) using a nozzle generated, 1D, laminar, wall stagnation flame. The measurements are compared with numerical predictions based on three detailed kinetic models (GRIMECH 3.0, a H 2 /CO mechanism from Davis et al. (2004, "An Optimized Kinetic Model of H 2 /CO Combustion," Proc. Combust. Inst., 30, pp. 1283-1292) and a H 2 mechanism from Li et al. (2004, "An Updated Comprehensive Kinetic Model of Hydrogen Combustion," Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 36, pp. 566-575)). Sensitivity of the measurements to uncertainties in boundary conditions, e.g., wall temperature and nozzle velocity profile (plug or potential), is investigated through detailed numerical simulations and shown to be small. The flame speeds and strain sensitivities predicted by the models for preheated reactants are in reasonable agreement with the measurements for mixtures of H 2 and standard air at very lean conditions. For H 2 and N 2 diluted air, however, all three mechanisms significantly overpredict the measurements, and the over-prediction increases for leaner mixtures. In contrast, the models underpredict flame , speeds for room temperature mixtures of H 2 with both standard and N 2 diluted air, based on comparisons with measurements in literature. Thus, we find that the temperature dependence of the hydrogen flame speed as predicted by all the models is greater than the actual temperature dependence (for both standard and diluted air). Finally, the models are found to underpredict the measured strain sensitivity of the flame speed for H 2 burning in N 2 diluted air, especially away from stoichiometric conditions.
A smoke-induced alteration of the sub-testa cuticle in seeds of the post-fire recruiter Emmenanthe penduliflora Benth. (Hydrophyllaceae)

Emmenanthe penduliflora is an obligate fire-recruiter and demonstrates a prolonged seed dormancy followed by germination closely cued to the immediate post-fire environment. This study investigated, at the ultrastructure level, the causal factor(s) associated with seed dormancy and the stimulation of germination after exposure to smoke. The seed coat was responsible for the proximal regulation of dormancy-a waxy cuticular layer situated between the testa and endosperm was the primary barrier to the diffusion of water and small diameter solutes. The sub-testa cuticle in dormant seeds was partially permeable, as indicated by the presence of permeate channels. A short exposure to dry smoke (3 min) promoted a significant increase in seed germination (dormant 8±0.3%; smoke-treated 79±3%). Exposure to smoke also resulted in two major changes to the morphology of the seed. First, smoke treatment produced an intense chemical scarification at the seed surface; the external cuticle was plasticized to form numerous small spheres on the seed surface. Second, smoke significantly altered the permeability of the internal (sub-testa) cuticle. A significant increase in both the number and size of permeate channels in the sub-testa cuticle indicated that these modifications were directly associated with the breaking of seed dormancy. The observed changes at both the internal (sub-testa) and external cuticles are consistent with the hypothesis that volatiles in smoke exert a surfactant-like reaction to break seed dormancy in E. penduliflora.
Prevalence of the seven cardiovascular health metrics in a Mediterranean country: results from a cross-sectional study

Aim: Primordial prevention is essential for reaching cardiovascular (CV) health. This is defined by seven health metrics identified by the American Heart Association. Aim of the present study was to assess prevalence and distribution of these seven CV health metrics within an unselected population. Methods: All the 1110 con- secutive individuals (mean age 56 � 13 years; 56% women) who agreed to be screened within the context of a national campaign of CV prevention were included. The following findings have been considered as ideal: never/former smoker, regular participation in physical activity, body mass index lower than 25.0, healthy diet, cholesterol lower than 200 mg/dl, diabetes absence and a blood pressure lower than 120/80 mmHg. Results: Participants presented, on average, 4.1 � 1.2 ideal CV health metrics, with a decreasing number across age-groups. Only 10.4% covered more than five ideal CV health metrics and 8.3% covered less than three ideal health metrics. Only 1.9% of the study population met all the seven ideal metrics. In particular, only 34% (379 subjects) in our population presented an ideal level of cholesterol. The higher prevalence was observed in younger subjects (45%) and the lower (28%) in people older than 62 years (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Prevalence of the seven CV health metrics was low in our population and just 1 in 10 met more than five ideal CV health metrics. Social initiatives and awareness policies from governments are mandatory to promote CV health. Further studies should address the impact of such CV metrics on several outcomes in European countries.
The Influence of Communication Source and Mode on Consumer Adoption of Technological Innovations

Communication is the critical process of diffusion of technological innovations, yet there is little research in the consumer behavior literature investigating how communication affects consumers’ decision to adopt technological innovations. This paper examines the effects of communication source and modality on consumers’ adoption of technological innovations using the 1999 University of Michigan's Survey of Consumers data. Specifically, a typology of communication sources and modality is presented, and the respective and interrelated influences of source and mode on consumers’ adoption of electronic banking are examined. The results demonstrate that communication factors can serve as significant predictors of consumer adoption of technological innovations and that consumer preferences for communication source and modality vary for different segments of adopters. In addition, we find information gaps between consumer segments high and low in socioeconomic status. Finally, implications for the diffusion of technological innovations and future research directions are discussed.
Cloning, mapping, expression, function, and mutation analyses of the human ortholog of the hamster putative tumor suppressor gene Doc-1

doc-1 is a putative tumor suppressor gene isolated and identified from the hamster oral cancer model. Here, we report the molecular cloning and the functional characterization of the human ortholog of the hamster doc-1 gene. Human doc-1 cDNA is 1.6 kilobase pairs in length and encodes for a 115-amino acid polypeptide (12.4 kDa, pI 9. 53). Sequence analysis showed 98% identity between human and hamster doc-1 protein sequences. DOC-1 is expressed in all normal human tissues examined. In oral keratinocytes, expression of DOC-1 is restricted to normal oral keratinocytes. By immunostaining of normal human mucosa, DOC-1 is detected in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of basal oral keratinocytes; while in suprabasilar cells, it is primarily found in the nuclei. Human oral cancers in vivo did not exhibit immunostaining for DOC-1. Like murine DOC-1, human DOC-1 associates with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediates the phosphorylation of the large p180 catalytic subunit, suggesting it may be a potential regulator of DNA replication in the S phase of the cell cycle. Using a human doc-1 cosmid as a probe, human doc-1 is mapped to chromosome 12q24. We identified four exons in the entire human doc-1 gene and determined the intron-exon boundaries. By polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing, we examined premalignant oral lesion and oral cancer cell lines and found no intragenic mutations.