cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of transrectal ultrasound prostatic volume estimation with magnetic resonance imaging volume estimation and surgical specimen weight in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

There are relatively few reports in the literature comparing transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in estimating the volume of the prostate in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, we compared volumes determined by TRUS with MRI and TRUS-estimated weights with surgical specimen weights. The main findings of this study were (a) TRUS and MRI measurement of prostate volumes are quite similar; and (b) TRUS underestimates (by 10%) the prostatic weight as determined from the surgical specimens. A better volume estimate can thus be obtained by multiplying the TRUS measurement by a factor of 1.10. We conclude that because TRUS is cheap, user-friendly, noninvasive, and equally as accurate as MRI, it should be the preferred modality in the follow-up of BPH patients. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Selective Accumulation May Account for Shellfish-Associated Viral Illness

ABSTRACT From 1991 through 1998, 1,266 cases of shellfish-related illnesses were attributed to Norwalk-like viruses. Seventy-eight percent of these illnesses occurred following consumption of oysters harvested from the Gulf Coast during the months of November through January. This study investigated the ability of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) to accumulate indicator microorganisms (i.e., fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, and F+ coliphage) from estuarine water. One-week trials over a 1-year period were used to determine if these indicator organisms could provide insight into the seasonal occurrence of these gastrointestinal illnesses. The results demonstrate that oysters preferentially accumulated F+ coliphage, an enteric viral surrogate, to their greatest levels from late November through January, with a concentration factor of up to 99-fold. However, similar increases in accumulation of the other indicator microorganisms were not observed. These findings suggest that the seasonal occurrence of shellfish-related illnesses by enteric viruses is, in part, the result of seasonal physiological changes undergone by the oysters that affect their ability to accumulate viral particles from estuarine waters.
Sensitivity of the dynamics of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, to climate forcing for the next 50 years

Pine Island Glacier, a major contributor to sea level rise in West Antarctica, has been undergoing signifi- cant changes over the last few decades. Here, we employ a three-dimensional, higher-order model to simulate its evolu- tion over the next 50 yr in response to changes in its surface mass balance, the position of its calving front and ocean- induced ice shelf melting. Simulations show that the largest climatic impact on ice dynamics is the rate of ice shelf melt- ing, which rapidly affects the glacier speed over several hun- dreds of kilometers upstream of the grounding line. Our sim- ulations show that the speedup observed in the 1990s and 2000s is consistent with an increase in sub-ice-shelf melting. According to our modeling results, even if the grounding line stabilizes for a few decades, we find that the glacier reaction can continue for several decades longer. Furthermore, Pine Island Glacier will continue to change rapidly over the com- ing decades and remain a major contributor to sea level rise, even if ocean-induced melting is reduced.
Dietary Ethanol Mediates Selection on Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Ethanol is an important environmental variable for fruit-breeding Drosophila species, serving as a resource at low levels and a toxin at high levels. The first step of ethanol metabolism, the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde, is catalyzed primarily by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). The second step, the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate, has been a source of controversy, with some authors arguing that it is carried out primarily by ADH itself, rather than a separate aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) as in mammals. We review recent evidence that ALDH plays an important role in ethanol metabolism in Drosophila. In support of this view, we report that D. melanogaster populations maintained on ethanol-supplemented media evolved higher activity of ALDH, as well as of ADH. We have also tentatively identified the structural gene responsible for the majority of ALDH activity in D. melanogaster. We hypothesize that variation in ALDH activity may make an important contribution to the observed wide variation in ethanol tolerance within and among Drosophila species.
CAR T-cells merge into the fast lane of cancer care

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) can be introduced into T-cells redirecting them to target specific tumor antigens. CAR-modified T cells targeting CD19 have shown remarkable activity against CD19+ malignancies including B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Complete remission rates as high as 90% have been observed for patients with relapsed and refractory ALL and greater than 50% response rates have been seen in heavily pre-treated CLL and NHL. Excitingly, some remissions have been durable without any additional therapy, a finding which correlates with in-vivo T-cell persistence and B-cell aplasia. The major treatment related toxicities include B-cell aplasia, neurologic toxicities, and a potentially severe cytokine release syndrome. This review summarizes outcomes for patients treated with CD19-CAR T-cells while exploring the field's challenges and future directions.
SELECTION OF NEIGHBORHOOD CONTROLS FOR A STUDY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

This report describes the selection process for a neighborhood control group recruited between February 1985 and July 1986 to augment a hospital-based case-control study investigating the relation of traditional and nontraditional risk factors to coronary artery atherosclerosis. A total of 219 cases with angiographically defined coronary artery disease residing within a 60-mi (96-km) radius of Winston-Salem, NC, were assigned to surveyors to be matched. Thirty-seven per of the study population were rural, 92% were white, 58% were male, and 52% were older than 50 years of age. One hundred and eighty-seven controls were age-(+/- five years), sex-, and race-matched pairwise to cases. After locating the residence of the case, the surveyor systematically visited neighboring households to ascertain eligibility status of residents. To achieve a match, a maximum of three visits was made to the neighborhood; up to 25 households were surveyed per visit. Refusal rate was less than 5% of eligible matches. Young white urban males were the easiest to match, while rural females, especially older persons, were the most difficult. Average time to complete an assignment included 129 minutes for travel, 237 minutes for surveying the neighborhood, and 62 minutes for clerical tasks. Average distance traveled was 85 mi (136 km) per case. As expected, the time and distance to complete a case were greater in rural than urban areas. The average cost per case was $122.97.
An Artificial Diet for the Gypsy Moth, Porthetria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

A diet developed originally for rearing bollworms was modified by adding linolenic acid, and increasing the quantity of wheat germ meal. Individuals reared on this diet exceeded field-collected specimens in size, weight, and egg production. Surface disinfection of eggs with sodium hypochlorite greatly reduced mortality from disease, especially nuclear polyhedrosis. Methods of handling eggs and larvae are described.
Application of near Infrared Conformance Trending for Material Quality, Container Consistency and Minimisation of Process Risk:

Physical or chemical properties of excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredients play a significant role in pharmaceutical process robustness and product quality, which are foundation elements of the Process Analytical Technology initiative in the pharmaceutical industry. This paper describes the investigation of the use of continuous data output from three different near infrared qualification algorithms (correlation, absolute normalised spectral distance and principal component analysis-based Mahalanobis Distance) coupled with statistical processing to create a material quality conformance approach. This approach extends the application of near infrared spectroscopy material qualification beyond pass/fail classification, to a tool for in-depth process understanding. The three material quality conformance methods were applied in parallel to commercial deliveries, and the benefits and limitations of the different methods compared. Global material quality conformance methods were demonstrated to provide...
"This Site Is Blocked": K-12 Teachers and the Challenge of Accessing Peer-to-Peer Networks for Education

This article examines a little-discussed phenomenon in the study of both peer-to-peer collaborative networks and teaching with technology: that of teachers caught in the middle between open public networks as teaching resources and highly restrictive school policies regarding internet content and online access. Based on their experiences as teacher-educators in graduate programs in educational technology and as facilitators of teacher professional development workshops on technology integration, the authors have collected numerous cases of teachers making use of different types of what are currently described as ‘peer-to-peer’ networks. One goal of this article is to introduce a more nuanced framework for how to characterize the kinds of resources and networks that teachers can make use of, adapting current terminology to include ‘peer to peer’, ‘peer to public’, and ‘public to public’. Examples of the advantages and challenges of each type are described, with accompanying cases of actual teachers and the...
Cultural Anxieties in Perspective: Congo Music and Kenyan Hip Hop

Kenyan hip hop has always engendered cultural anxiety. Popular discourse, mass media, elders and non-devotees continue to label Kenyan rappers as mimics of US African American culture. Through my fieldwork, I have discovered that many view Kenyan rap in a constant state of lack in attempting to appropriate and adopt a glorified, misunderstood, and seemingly pejorative western lifestyle. I argue this discourse is not completely new, and instead originates in the 1950s-60s with the creation of the Nairobi music industry. During this time, Nairobi was a hub of cultural production, hosting foreign artists and music stylesespecially Congo music and dance. Arguably, the most well-known and appropriated African popular music, Congo styles have since become a mainstay in Kenya. Congo music has had a significant impact on Kenyan popular music, and its presence is additionally responsible for generating commonplace criticisms about the failure of artists to produce anything authentically Kenyan. / This tension, I contend, is largely cultural, fueled also by frustrations of competing genres to capture the consumer market. My paper traces the political economy of music in Kenya, asserting that the charges of western imitation signal a greater cultural ambivalence over the non-Kenyan other. Central to this discussion is the notion that the presence of Congo music concretized the social discourse and cultural field that Kenyan rap music enters. Moreover, hip hop culture produces new anxieties by insisting that Kenyan society look beyond its borders in the cultivation of meanings and identities. And yet, since rap music inhabits a controversial space, it continues to be viewed as a Kenyan other unable to be incorporated into a broader cultural repertoire. /
Enhancing quality of prosthetic services with process and outcome information.

Background:Prosthetic clinics in the United States must attain accreditation in order to receive reimbursement from Medicare. The accreditation process requires clinics to establish and implement p...
Inforna 2.0: A Platform for the Sequence-Based Design of Small Molecules Targeting Structured RNAs

The development of small molecules that target RNA is challenging yet, if successful, could advance the development of chemical probes to study RNA function or precision therapeutics to treat RNA-mediated disease. Previously, we described Inforna, an approach that can mine motifs (secondary structures) within target RNAs, which is deduced from the RNA sequence, and compare them to a database of known RNA motif–small molecule binding partners. Output generated by Inforna includes the motif found in both the database and the desired RNA target, lead small molecules for that target, and other related meta-data. Lead small molecules can then be tested for binding and affecting cellular (dys)function. Herein, we describe Inforna 2.0, which incorporates all known RNA motif–small molecule binding partners reported in the scientific literature, a chemical similarity searching feature, and an improved user interface and is freely available via an online web server. By incorporation of interactions identified by ot...
Distributed Pressure Sensing Using Carbon Nanotube Fabrics

A nanoengineered fabric capable of densely distributed pressure sensing is presented. Piezoresistive carbon nanotube-latex thin films were spray-coated and integrated with fabric to form robust, flexible, and deformable sensors. Spatial pressure sensing was achieved and validated experimentally using an electrical impedance tomography algorithm, which was able to estimate the resistivity distribution of the fabric and its changes due to applied pressure at different locations.
Role of Multicenter Registries to Assess Outcomes of Fetal Interventions

Health registries are databases that are managed by an organized network of centers that contribute clinical data for research purposes. Within these registries, analysts, researchers, and physicians work together to generate new knowledge from pooled data that may improve treatments, outcomes, and systems of care. By combining cases from multiple sources, health registries create larger pools of study data without the added expense of clinical trials. They provide sample populations that have superior variability and therefore may have better representation of larger populations. Because registries utilize aggregate data, they are ideal for studying rare diseases, complications, or adverse effects. Registries also provide a unique source of collaboration for the research community, as the creation of these multicenter partnerships requires extensive participation from experts across many disciplines.
GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT TOOLS AND OUTCOME PREDICTION IN TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common heart valve disease in the elderly. The selection for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is difficult because many elderly patients have multiple co-morbidities. Current global risk scores including the STS score and the EuroSCORE may be
Depression in Men and Women One Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A TBI Model Systems Study.

In the general population, females experience depression at significantly higher rates than males. Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at substantially greater risk for depression compared to the overall population. Treatment of, and recovery from, TBI can be hindered by depression; comorbid TBI and depression can lead to adverse outcomes and negatively affect multiple aspects of individuals’ lives. Gender differences in depression following TBI are not well understood, and relevant empirical findings have been mixed. Utilizing the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) one year after TBI, we examined whether women would experience more severe depressive symptoms, and would endorse higher levels of depression within each category of depression severity, than would men. Interestingly, and contrary to our hypothesis, men and women reported mild depression at equal rates; PHQ-9 total scores were slightly lower in women than in men. Men and women did not differ significantly in any PHQ-9 depression severity category. Item analyses, however, yielded significant gender differences on the following items: greater concentration difficulties (cognitive problems) in men and more sleep disturbances (psychosomatic issues) in women. Our results indicate that, in contrast to the general population, mild depression in persons with moderate to severe TBI may not be gender-specific. These findings underscore the need for early identification, active screening, and depression treatment equally for men and women to improve emotional well-being, promote recovery, and enhance quality of life following TBI.
The Limits of Witness: Regina José Galindo and Neoliberalism’s Gendered Economies of Violence

Candice Amich investigates the powerful and affecting body art of Guatemalan Regina Jose Galindo, which arose in the aftermath of Guatemala’s bloody civil war. Arguing that postdictatorial states throughout Latin America convened truth commissions to consolidate neoliberal governance, Amich shows how Galindo’s pain-filled performances deny the consensus, catharsis, and staging of victimhood of the testimonial form. Galindo’s excruciating performances respond corporeally to neoliberalism’s ‘gendered economies of violence’, linking the misogynistic violence of the maquiladora industry to the state’s genocidal targeting of the Maya Ixil population. Amich analyses five precarious works, including Galindo’s most widely circulated piece, ?Quien puede borrar las huellas? (Who can erase the traces? 2003), in which the artist leaves footprints of human blood on the steps of the capital.
Impact of activator chemistry on permeability of alkali-activated slags

Durability of alkali-activated slags has been assessed by measuring the permeability using the beam-bending technique. This nondestructive technique obtains permeability values by measuring the hydrodynamic load relaxation curve of a saturated slender beam of solid paste placed in three-point bending. The impact of activator selection on the permeability of alkali-activated slags has been assessed together with the effects of water-to-precursor ratio, revealing that free silica in the activating solution is the dominant factor controlling permeability. The permeability results have been correlated with nitrogen sorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry to elucidate the percolated pore size controlling permeability. Comparison with existing beam-bending results for ordinary portland cement (OPC) paste shows that alkali-activated slags can be synthesized with permeability having the same order of magnitude as for OPC, indicating that certain alkali-activated slags are as resistant as OPC to ingress of solutions associated with deterioration processes.
The Challenge of “Indirect Care”

This essay begins with a brief summary of Folbre’s (2006) essay “Measuring Care: Gender, Empowerment, and the Care Economy,” in which Folbre makes a distinction between “direct care” work and “indirect care” work. In this chapter, Nelson develops the concept of “indirect care” further, arguing that Folbre’s inclusion of a broad swath of types of paid employment under this rubric is both important and somewhat problematic. It is problematic because the category is over-inclusive. Yet truly engaging with the idea that everyday paid employment might be seen as a form of care could open up much wider and more fertile arenas for feminist analysis and activist work concerning care than have been recognized to date.
Recommendations, Conclusions, and Future Directions

Mindfulness and meditation practices and programs for adolescents have many benefits and will be increasingly offered in diverse settings. It is imperative that these activities and interventions be grounded in theory and supported by the evidence base appropriate to adolescent development in a contemporary context. In this concluding chapter, the central benefits of mindfulness and meditation programming for adolescents are identified and ideas are offered for those interested in program development and teaching mindfulness and meditation to adolescents. Emerging and future directions for mindfulness and meditation programming for adolescents also are addressed including innovative delivery options, cultural and global considerations, and factors related to research.
Restoration and functionality assessment of a community subjected to tornado hazard

The loss of infrastructure functionality for a community from a tornado can significantly affect economic vitality and result in substantial social disruption. The duration of the loss of functionality is a decisive factor in the magnitude of the economic disruption caused by a tornado. Therefore, quantitative models for the post-tornado restoration processes are needed in order to provide risk-informed decision support. In this study, the water network, electric power network, school buildings, residential buildings and businesses were modelled with their relative spatial distribution along with select dependencies and cross-dependencies in order to investigate the restoration of a community in the aftermath of a disaster. A tornado path was simulated using statistics from a historical tornado database. Based on the damage level of the components and their connectivity throughout the community, the functionality of the supplier nodes was assessed through a Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the rep...
Why Us? Toward an Understanding of Bisexual Women's Vulnerability for and Negative Consequences of Sexual Violence

As the literature on sexual violence and its relationship with sexual orientation in women continues to grow, one issue is becoming clear: the need to investigate bisexuality as a correlate of sexu...
China’s International Leadership: Regional Activism vs. Global Reluctance

Since the late 1990s, China has been actively seeking a leadership role in its region, while taking a more reluctant attitude toward global leadership. Drawing upon recent research on status in international relations, this article seeks to explain the variation in China’s leadership at regional and global levels. A rising power does not always maximize its status on the world stage. China seeks an active role in East Asia due to its strong interests and identity commitment within the region. However, China takes a more reluctant approach toward global leadership, because higher status brings additional responsibilities and risks. Due to various limitations, China cannot become a new hegemonic power. But China can be a co-leader in regional and global affairs, and it can also be a more active leader in the developing world.
Location and Attitude

This chapter covers the basic building blocks required to construct 3-D models of geological structures. Included here are methods for locating points in three dimensions on a map or in a well, for determining the attitude of a plane and the orientation of a line, and for representing planes with structure contours. Both graphical and analytical solutions for finding and displaying lines and planes are presented. Many of the analytical techniques are based on vector geometry, a topic treated separately in Chap. 12. The graphical techniques utilize stereograms and tangent diagrams.
The Computation Of Second-Order Mean And Double-Frequency Wave Loads On A Compliant Tlp By Hodem

In this paper, the second-order mean and double-frequency wave loads on the ISSC TLP in regular waves are investigated. The second-order wave loads on the compliant (massless-spring-supported) TLP are compared with those on the stationary TLP in order to see the effect of body motions. A higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM) with free-surface Green function is used for the computation of the firstand second-order hydrodynamic loading. In particular, the capability of HOB EM in calculating the second spatial derivatives of the first-order potential on the body surface is demonstrated. The numerical results for the stationary ISSC TLP are compared with Matsui et aI's (1992) experimental results, and reasonably good agreement is observed.
Engaging with online design: undergraduate user-participants and the practice-level struggles of usability learning

As usability research and user-centered design become more prevalent areas of study within technical and professional communication (TPC), it has become important to examine the best practices in designing courses and programs that help students better understand these concepts. This article reports on a case study about how usability research and user-centered design were introduced to TPC students. The article examines how students responded to and articulated new concepts and looks forward to ways TPC programs can develop comprehensive curricula that introduces students to these topics.
Communication and origami: nifty assignment

This assignment is designed to be the first lab of an introductory course on computer science. I assume no prerequisites of prior programming experience, and this assignment is independent of the language chosen. Students often stumble when thrown into writing code because of two competing issues: they must learn the semantics of how to think like a computer scientist, and at the same time they must learn the syntax of how to speak like a computer scientist. Here I focus only on the importance of clear and concise syntax in the context of describing instructions for origami.
Poiesis and the Withdrawal: The Garden-Motive in Henry James, Wallace Stevens, and David Mamet

In the expression of the pastoral instinct there is an impulse toward regaining a world lost, toward recapturing the “good old days. ” It often seems to be a self-indulgent imagining of wish-fulfillment. As manifest in literature and art, however, invoking the pastoral raises questions about human beings and our world, and it is a particular expression of something that Martin Heidegger sees as essential to our nature. The longing for an idealized place has to do with the sense of temporality and loss, the ephemerality of all things in time. “The event of withdrawal,” as an action, is equally our response to our world and the world’s speaking to us; it is “what is most present in all our present” (Thinking 9). Inverting our usual way of thinking about this relationship (performing his “kehre”),1 Heidegger argues that it is “not we who play with words, but the nature of language plays with us” (118); we are “called” by it. “What is called appears as what is present, and in its presence it is brought into the keeping, it is commanded, called into the calling word. So called by name, called into a presence, it in turn calls. … What calls us to think, and thus commands, that is, brings our essential nature into the keeping of thought, needs thinking because what calls us wants itself to be thought about according to its nature” (120-21). Our tenuous hold on reality, then, entails thinking about the condition that in the very presence of our “present” there is the withdrawal that reminds us of absence, loss, disappearance and the call to these.
Effect of Stress on Sleep and Its Relationship to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Stress-induced alterations in sleep have been linked to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and sleep complaints and disturbances in arousal are continuing symptoms in patients. PTSD-related changes in sleep have not been fully characterized but appear to involve persistent disturbances in both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM). Intense conditioned fear training, which may model PTSD in rodents, can produce reductions in REM without recovery as well as significant alterations in NREM that may vary with mouse and rat strains. These variants of conditioned fear paradigms and strain differences have not been fully exploited, but they appear to hold promise for modeling responses to stress that may provide insight into the role sleep plays in the neurobiology of PTSD. The amygdala and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) play significant roles in regulating the stress response and have been implicated in PTSD. Recent work suggests that the amygdala and CRH may also play roles in regulating stress-induced changes in arousal and sleep. This chapter reviews the effects of stress on sleep with a specific emphasis on factors that may be important in modeling PTSD.
Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFS) Increase Breast Tumor Growth Rate, Metastases, Blood Flow, and Oxygenation Without Significant Change in Vascular Density

Breast tumors expressing no detectable FGFs (MCF-7) were compared with tumors transfected with FGF4 or FGF1 (FGF4/MCF-7 or FGF1/MCF-7), and with MDA-MB–435 which produce endogenous FGF2. Tumor blood flow was measured by 133Xe diffusion, oxygen distribution was measured by Eppendorf pO2 histography, and vascular density was measured by CD3I staining. Tumors that overexpress angiogenic factors grew at a rate far exceeding that of MCF-7. The FGF producing tumors also had much higher metastatic rates to lung. Tumor blood flow was significantly higher in the two FGF-transfected xenografts compared with the parent MCF7. Median tumor pO2 was also higher, and tumor oxygenation was preserved even for large tumors. The vascular density as determined by CD31 staining, however, was not markedly increased in tumors overexpressing angiogenic factors. We found that angiogenic factors preserve and augment neovascular function, thus facilitating tumor growth and progression.
While the Government Fiddled Around, the Big Easy Drowned: How the Posse Comitatus Act Became the Government's Alibi for the Hurricane Katrina Disaster

This Article analyzes how the government's blame of the Posse Comitatus Act (PCA) for its late response to the Hurricane Katrina disaster was misplaced. In Part One, I discuss the history of the Posse Comitatus Act, including a summary of some of its many judicial and congressional expansions. In Part Two, I apply the PCA to the Hurricane Katrina Disaster to show that, under its proper application, the PCA does, in fact, permit the lawful use of the military for humanitarian purposes. Based on this analysis, I conclude that we should focus our efforts less on the Posse Comitatus Act and more on fixing the real problem behind the delayed rescue of the New Orleanians.
Validity of predictive equations for 24-h urinary potassium excretion based on timing of spot urine collection among adults: the MESA and CARDIA Urinary Sodium Study and NHANES Urinary Sodium Calibration Study

Background 24-h urine collections are the suggested method to measure daily urinary potassium excretion (uK) but are costly and burdensome to implement. Objective This study tested how well existing equations with the use of spot urine samples can estimate 24-h uK and if accuracy varies by timing of spot urine collection, age, race, or sex. Design This cross-sectional study used data from 407 participants aged 18-39 y from the Washington, DC area in 2011 and 554 participants aged 45-79 y from Chicago in 2013. Spot urine samples were collected in individual containers for 24 h, and 1 for each timed period (morning, afternoon, evening, and overnight) was selected. For each selected timed spot urine, 24-h uK was predicted through the use of published equations. Difference (bias) between predicted and measured 24-h uK was calculated for each timed period and within age, race, and sex subgroups. Individual-level differences were assessed through the use of Bland-Altman plots and correlation tests. Results For all equations, regardless of the timing of spot urine, mean bias was usually significantly different than 0. No one prediction equation was unbiased across all sex, race, and age subgroups. With the use of the Kawasaki and Tanaka equations, 24-h uK was overestimated at low levels and underestimated at high levels, whereas observed differential bias with the Mage equation was in the opposite direction. Depending on prediction equation and timing of urine sample, 61-75% of individual 24-h uKs were misclassified among 500-mg incremental categories from <1500 to ≥3000 mg. Correlations between predicted and measured 24-h uK were poor to moderate (0.19-0.71). Conclusion Because predicted 24-h uK accuracy varies by timing of spot urine collection, published prediction equations, and within age-race-sex subgroups, study results making use of predicted 24-h uK in association with health outcomes should be interpreted with caution. It is possible that a more accurate prediction equation can be developed leading to different results.
Nursing attitudes towards continuous capnographic monitoring of floor patients.

Introduction Nurses’ perceptions of the utility of capnography monitoring are inconsistent in previous studies. We sought to outline the limitations of a uniform education effort in bringing about consistent views of capnography among nurses. Methods A survey was administered to 22 nurses in three subacute care floors participating in a pragmatic clinical trial employing capnography monitoring in a large, urban tertiary care hospital. A 5-point Likert scale was used to assess the value and acceptance nurses ascribed to the practice. Means and SD were calculated for each response. Results Survey results indicated inconsistency in the valuation of capnography, coupled with varying degrees of acceptance of its use. The mean for the level of perceived impact of capnography use on patient safety was 3.86, yet the perceived risk of removing capnography was represented by a mean of 2.57. The levels of urgency attached to apnoea alarms (mean 3.57, SD 1.57) were lower than those for alarms for oxygen saturation violations (mean 3.67, SD 1.32). The necessity for pulse oximetry monitoring was perceived as much higher than that for capnography monitoring (mean 1.76, SD 1.34), where ‘1’ represented pulse oximetry as more necessary and ‘5’ represented capnography as more necessary. Conclusions Nursing acceptance of capnography monitoring is a difficult endpoint to achieve. There is a need for better accounting for the external and internal influences on nurse perceptions and values to have greater success with the implementation of similar monitoring.
Machine Translation and Translation Machines in Roberto Arlt’s Los siete locos (1929) and Los lanzallamas (1931)

espanolLa teoria de la traduccion literaria reivindica los “intraducibles” (Apter, 2013, Lezra, 2017) mientras Google Translate promete salvar la distancia entre el ser humano y la maquina (Wu et al., 2016). Tras sondear los desarrollos recientes en la traductologia y en la traduccion automatica, releo Los siete locos (1929) y Los lanzallamas (1931) de Roberto Arlt, concentrandome en como las maquinas de traduccion y la traduccion automatica obran en la novela para ofrecer una interpretacion diferente de su final. EnglishLiterary translation theory reclaims “untranslatables” (Apter, 2013, Lezra, 2017) as Google Translate promises to bridge the gap between human and machine (Wu et al, 2016). Surveying recent developments in translation theory and machine translation, I reread Roberto Arlt’s Los siete locos (1929) and Los lanzallamas (1931) through the prism of translation, focusing on how translation machines and machine translation operate within the novel to offer a different interpretation of its ending. francaisLa theorie de la traduction litteraire revendique les « intraduisibles » (Apter, 2013, Lezra, 2017) tandis que Google Translate promet de combler le fosse entre l’etre humain et la machine (Wu et al., 2016). Apres avoir etudie les developpements recents en traductologie et en la traduction automatique, je propose une relecture de Los siete locos (1929) et Los lanzallamas (1931) de Roberto Arlt, en me concentrant sur la facon dont les machines de traduction et la traduction automatique fonctionnent dans le roman avec l’intention d’offrir une interpretation differente de sa fin.
Women's preferences for cancer risk management strategies in Lynch syndrome

Abstract Objective We assessed preferences for cancer risk management strategies for Lynch syndrome (LS) in LS-affected women. Methods Women with LS aged ≥25 years evaluated 9 cancer risk management strategies using a visual analog scale (VAS) and modified standard gamble (SG). For the VAS, women ranked each strategy ranging from 0 (least preferred) to 100 (most preferred). VAS scores were calculated by dividing the corresponding number by 100. Scores closer to 1.0 reflected more favorable strategies. For the SG, participants were asked to specify their expected threshold of lifetime risk of endometrial or colorectal cancer, ranging from 0 to 100%, at which they would consider undertaking each strategy. Strategies included chemoprevention, cancer screening, and preventive surgery. Cancer worry and perceived cancer risk measures were collected on a subset of participants. Results Sixty-one women completed preference assessments. By VAS, annual combined screening was the most preferred, followed by annual screenings and chemoprevention with oral contraceptives. By SG, women were the most willing to endorse oral contraceptives and biannual screening strategies at the lowest threshold of lifetime risk followed by annual screening strategies. Surgical interventions were the least preferred strategies using both VAS and SG. Women with a family history of gynecologic or colorectal cancer were less likely to consider prevention or screening options compared to women without a family history. Cancer worry was higher among women with a positive family history of LS cancer. Conclusion Understanding women's preferences may facilitate optimal use and adherence to cancer risk management strategies.
Observations Regarding the Cerutti Mastodon

It has been argued that the Cerutti Mastodon site in southern California contains evidence of human activity 130,000 years ago. A brief examination of the materials did not support the claim of cul...
Lie theory for nilpotent L-infinity algebras

The Deligne groupoid is a functor from nilpotent differential graded Lie algebras concentrated in positive degrees to groupoids; in the special case of Lie algebras over a field of characteristic zero, it gives the associated simply connected Lie group. We generalize the Deligne groupoid to a functor gamma from L-infinity algebras concentrated in degree >-n to n-groupoids. (We actually construct the nerve of the n-groupoid, which is an enriched Kan complex.) The construction of gamma is quite explicit (it is based on Dupont's proof of the de Rham theorem) and yields higher dimensional analogues of holonomy and of the Campbell-Hausdorff formula. In the case of abelian L-infinity algebras (i.e. chain complexes), the functor gamma is the Dold-Kan simplicial set.
Drivers’ Perceptions of Events: Implications for Theory and Practice:

People are known to naturally segment meaningful units of activity into individual events. Though an influential body of work demonstrating the relationship between event perception and human perfo...
Antifungal Penetration and Distribution into Organs and Tissue

Properties of penetration of antifungals into the body compartments have been reviewed extensively by Felton et al. in 2014, so the goal of this review was to identify new data, including information on ibrexafungerp and rezafungin, in order to provide an updated pharmacotherapy approach in difficult-to-treat infections. Along with early identification and early initiation of treatment, assuring sufficient distribution into the infected site is essential for successful therapy. Although there are a limited number, the penetration and distribution of antifungals into organs and tissue are widely variable between agents and classes, and can be affected by factors such as weight, genetics, comorbidities, and inflammation. Clinicians should be aware of the challenges of tissue and organ penetration. Using existing human and animal data can help assure that penetration will be sufficient with the chosen antifungal prior to initiating therapy.
Interactive Effects of Copper Pipe, Stagnation, Corrosion Control, and Disinfectant Residual Influenced Reduction of Legionella pneumophila during Simulations of the Flint Water Crisis

Flint, MI experienced two outbreaks of Legionnaires’ Disease (LD) during the summers of 2014 and 2015, coinciding with use of Flint River as a drinking water source without corrosion control. Using simulated distribution systems (SDSs) followed by stagnant simulated premise (i.e., building) plumbing reactors (SPPRs) containing cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) or copper pipe, we reproduced trends in water chemistry and Legionella proliferation observed in the field when Flint River versus Detroit water were used before, during, and after the outbreak. Specifically, due to high chlorine demand in the SDSs, SPPRs with treated Flint River water were chlorine deficient and had elevated L. pneumophila numbers in the PEX condition. SPPRs with Detroit water, which had lower chlorine demand and higher residual chlorine, lost all culturable L. pneumophila within two months. L. pneumophila also diminished more rapidly with time in Flint River SPPRs with copper pipe, presumably due to the bacteriostatic properties of elevated copper concentrations caused by lack of corrosion control and stagnation. This study confirms hypothesized mechanisms by which the switch in water chemistry, pipe materials, and different flow patterns in Flint premise plumbing may have contributed to observed LD outbreak patterns.
The intersection of class, race, gender and generation in shaping Latinas’ sport experiences

Latina women, a growing demographic in the United States, are largely absent from literature examining how race, ethnicity, and gender influence sport participation. This research explores how thos...
Palmitoylation of acetylated tubulin and association with ceramide-rich platforms is critical for ciliogenesis.

Abstract Microtubules are polymers composed of αβ-tubulin subunits that provide structure to cells and play a crucial role in in the development and function of neuronal processes and cilia, microtubule-driven extensions of the plasma membrane that have sensory (primary cilia) or motor (motile cilia) functions. To stabilize microtubules in neuronal processes and cilia, α tubulin is modified by the posttranslational addition of an acetyl group, or acetylation. We discovered that acetylated tubulin in microtubules interacts with the membrane sphingolipid, ceramide. However, the molecular mechanism and function of this interaction are not understood. Here, we show that in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived neurons, ceramide stabilizes microtubules, which indicates a similar function in cilia. Using proximity ligation assays, we detected complex formation of ceramide with acetylated tubulin in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagella and cilia of human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells, primary cultured mouse astrocytes, and ependymal cells. Using incorporation of palmitic azide and click chemistry–mediated addition of fluorophores, we show that a portion of acetylated tubulin is S-palmitoylated. S-palmitoylated acetylated tubulin is colocalized with ceramide-rich platforms in the ciliary membrane, and it is coimmunoprecipitated with Arl13b, a GTPase that mediates transport of proteins into cilia. Inhibition of S-palmitoylation with 2-bromo palmitic acid or inhibition of ceramide biosynthesis with fumonisin B1 reduces formation of the Arl13b-acetylated tubulin complex and its transport into cilia, concurrent with impairment of ciliogenesis. Together, these data show, for the first time, that ceramide-rich platforms mediate membrane anchoring and interaction of S-palmitoylated proteins that are critical for cilium formation, stabilization, and function.
The Validity of the Short Inventory of Problems and Drinking Intensity among Urban American Indian Adults.

American Indian (AI) adults have both high prevalence rates of alcohol abstinence and alcohol use disorders compared to non-Hispanic White adults. We investigated the applicability and validity of ...
Use of antibiotics is associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract Objectives Observational and experimental studies suggest that the use of antibiotics close to administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can have a negative effect on tumour response and patient survival, due to microbiome dysbiosis and the resultant suppression of host immune response against neoplastic cells. Methods A systematic search of PUBMED and EMBASE was undertaken for studies published between 1 January 2017 and 1 June 2020, evaluating the association between the use of antibiotics and clinical outcomes in patients with cancer treated with ICIs. A meta-analysis of the association between the use of antibiotics and clinical outcomes was also performed. Results Forty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria (12,794 patients). Use of antibiotics was associated with shorter overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59–2.22; adjusted HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.55–2.25] and progression-free survival (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.36–1.70; adjusted HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.59–2.36), decreased response rate [odds ratio (OR) 0.54, 95% CI 0.34–0.86] and more disease progression (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.27–3.14). The negative association between the use of antibiotics and progression-free survival was stronger in patients with renal cell carcinoma or melanoma compared with lung cancer. Only antibiotic administration >1 month prior to ICI initiation was associated with increased disease progression. Heterogeneity was substantial for all outcomes. Conclusions Recent use of antibiotics in patients with cancer treated with ICIs was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Such patients may benefit from dedicated antimicrobial stewardship programmes.
Expanding COVID-19 Vaccine Availability: Role for Combined Orthogonal Serology Testing (COST)

Background: The persisting Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and limited vaccine supply has led to a shift in global health priorities to expand vaccine coverage. Relying on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) molecular testing alone cannot reveal the infection proportion, which could play a critical role in vaccination prioritization. We evaluated the utility of a combination orthogonal serological testing (COST) algorithm alongside RT-PCR to quantify prevalence with the aim of identifying candidate patient clusters to receive single and/or delayed vaccination. Methods: We utilized 108,505 patients with suspected COVID-19 in a retrospective analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR vs. IgG-nucleocapsid (IgGNC) antibody testing coverage in routine practice for the estimation of prevalence. Prospectively, an independent cohort of 21,388 subjects was simultaneously tested by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and IgGNC to determine the prevalence. We used 614 prospective study subjects to assess the utility of COST (IgGNC, IgM-spike (IgMSP), and IgG-spike (IgGSP)) in establishing the infection proportion to identify a single-dose vaccination cohort. Results: Retrospectively, we observed a 6.3% (6871/108,505) positivity for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, and only 2.3% (2533/108,505) of cases had paired IgGNC serology performed. Prospectively, IgGNC serology identified twice the number of COVID-positive cases in relation to RT-PCR alone. COST further increased the number of detected positive cases: IgGNC+ or IgMSP+ (18.0%); IgGNC+ or IgGSP+ (23.5%); IgMSP+ or IgGSP+ (23.8%); and IgGNC+ or IgMSP+ or IgGSP+ (141/584 = 24.1%). Conclusion: COST may be an effective tool for the evaluation of infection proportion and thus could define a cohort for a single dose and/or delayed vaccination.