cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Movement and Distribution of Fluvial Adult Bull Trout in Selected Watersheds in the Mid-Columbia River and Snake River Basins

From 1997 to 2004, we used radio telemetry to investigate movement and distribution patterns of 206 adult fluvial bull trout (mean, 449 mm FL) from watersheds representing a wide range of habitat conditions in northeastern Oregon and southwestern Washington, a region for which there was little previous information about this species. Migrations between spawning and wintering locations were longest for fish from the Imnaha River (median, 89 km) and three Grande Ronde River tributaries, the Wenaha (56 km) and Lostine (41 km) rivers and Lookingglass Creek (47 km). Shorter migrations were observed in the John Day (8 km), Walla Walla (20 km) and Umatilla river (22 km) systems, where relatively extensive human alterations of the riverscape have been reported. From November through May, fish displayed station-keeping behavior within a narrow range (basin medians, 0.5–6.2 km). Prespawning migrations began after snowmelt-driven peak discharge and coincided with declining flows. Most postspawning migrations began by late September. Migration rates of individuals ranged from 0.1 to 10.7 km/day. Adults migrated to spawning grounds in consecutive years and displayed strong fidelity to previous spawning areas and winter locations. In the Grande Ronde River basin, most fish displayed an unusual fluvial pattern: After exiting the spawning tributary and entering a main stem river, individuals moved upstream to wintering habitat, often a substantial distance (maximum, 49 km). Our work provides additional evidence of a strong migratory capacity in fluvial bull trout, but the short migrations we observed suggest adult fluvial migration may be restricted in basins with substantial anthropogenic habitat alteration. More research into bull trout ecology in large river habitats is needed to improve our understanding of how adults establish migration patterns, what factors influence adult spatial distribution in winter, and how managers can protect and enhance fluvial populations.
On the stability of a ground-state rotational structure for the transitional nucleus 152Eu

Abstract Proton scattering from 152Eu reveals a well-behaved ground-state rotational structure. This result emphasizes the strong influence of the h 11 2 orbital in the A ≈ 150 region and is intimately connected with possible shape coexistence in 152Eu.
Gauge invariance in a superconducting mixed charge system

The condition for the preservation of gauge invariance and unit flux quantization in a mixed charge (n and p type) superconducting system is obtained. The result supports the high Tc tri-excitonic pair condensation model [K.W. Wong and R.L. Davidchack, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.]. This result also predicts the existence of a half-integer h4e quantum flux in a tri-crystal junction.
Combating the Shoplifter: An Examination of Civil Recovery Laws

This exploratory study examines the nature and extent of civil recovery laws in the United States. Civil demand/recovery laws allow merchants to financially punish offenders who shoplift and then recover their losses in the civil courts, if necessary. Through the content analysis of state laws (n = 50) this study found that all states have recovery laws that allow retailers to recoup any losses related to actual damages from adult offenders, and in some states, juveniles. Additionally, some state statutes also allowed for retailers to levy additional fines (n = 12), above and beyond actual damages, while 49 states also allowed merchants to further financially penalize offenders based on a fixed, variable, or multiplier-based penalty structure. The civil recovery process was also found to consist of four elements: (1) apprehension; (2) demand; (3) recovery in civil court; and (4) termination.
Permeability Characteristics and Amino Acid Incorporation during Senescence (Ripening) of Banana Tissue

Changes in free space of banana tissue during ripening were measured using radioisotopes. Free space increased significantly about 44 hours before the onset of, and rose exponentially during the respiratory climacteric. The increase in free space indicates a progressive increase in the proportion of cells which becomes completely permeable to solutes in the ambient solution by simple diffusion. At the respiratory peak the tissue was essentially 100% free space to mannitol, sucrose, fructose and chloride.The capacity for active uptake of solutes declined about one day before the onset of the respiratory rise and fell to a very low level by the respiratory peak.There was no change in the level of protein or amino acids during ripening. Assays of tissue sections before and after washing indicated an increased rate of leakage of amino acids during ripening.Studies of incorporation of 3 concentrations of (14)C-labeled leucine and phenylalanine indicated marked changes in the size and specific activity of the amino acid pool at the site of protein synthesis just prior to and during the climacteric rise, due to a diffusive mixing of the labeled substrate with the previously sequestered endogenous, unlabeled pool of substrate. The use of a high concentration of exogenous substrate (above saturation for uptake) resulted in an apparent constant specific activity of the metabolic pool through the ripening period. Data from these studies indicated a decline in amino acid incorporation during the climacteric.It was concluded that the initiation of permeability changes marks the onset of senescence in banana. The causative relations between alterations in permeability, the respiratory rise and other chemical changes attending fruit ripening are discussed.
Stereoscopic architecture of 3-D ready DLP-based HDTVs

DLP® Technology has existed for over twenty years with a wide range of products currently in production. The legacy of DLP technology includes innovations such as single-chip color displays and SmoothPicture™ technology. Recent technological advances have enabled entirely new applications in the area of 3-D stereoscopic viewing. This paper will explain the basic DLP technology and how it has been utilized in today's 3-D HDTV's.
Why is the internet traffic bursty in short time scales

Internet traffic exhibits multifaceted burstiness and correlation structure over a wide span of time scales. Previous work analyzed this structure in terms of heavy-tailed session characteristics, as well as TCP timeouts and congestion avoidance, in relatively long time scales. We focus on shorter scales, typically less than 100-1000 milliseconds. Our objective is to identify the actual mechanisms that are responsible for creating bursty traffic in those scales. We show that TCP self-clocking, joint with queueing in the network, can shape the packet interarrivals of a TCP connection in a two-level ON-OFF pattern. This structure creates strong correlations and burstiness in time scales that extend up to the Round-Trip Time (RTT) of the connection. This effect is more important for bulk transfers that have a large bandwidth-delay product relative to their window size. Also, the aggregation of many flows, without rescaling their packet interarrivals, does not converge to a Poisson stream, as one might expect from classical superposition results. Instead, the burstiness in those scales can be significantly reduced by TCP pacing. In particular, we focus on the importance of the minimum pacing timer, and show that a 10-millisecond timer would be too coarse for removing short-scale traffic burstiness, while a 1-millisecond timer would be sufficient to make the traffic almost as smooth as a Poisson stream in sub-RTT scales.
Quantitation of myocardial perfusion by contrast echocardiography: analysis of contrast gray level appearance variables and intracyclic variability.

Hand-agitated diatrizoate meglumine/diatrizoate sodium (MD-76) was injected above the aortic valve in seven dogs during two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging to determine the ability of contrast appearance variables (i.e., peak background-subtracted gray level intensity, time to peak contrast appearance and maximal slope of the contrast appearance curve) to predict myocardial blood flow. Regional perfusion was altered by a critical coronary stenosis (around the left anterior descending coronary artery) or by administering intracoronary adenosine (into the left circumflex coronary artery), or both. Changes in regional blood flow between control and interventions were compared with the changes in the contrast appearance variables. In addition, the ability of intracyclic variability of gray level intensity to predict myocardial perfusion was assessed. In the determination of absolute myocardial perfusion, background-subtracted peak gray level intensity and the maximal slope of the appearance curve demonstrated a fair correlation (r = 0.67 and 0.51, respectively, p less than 0.0001). However, time to peak contrast appearance did not correlate (r = 0.14, p = 0.31). Intracyclic variability of gray level intensity at control (before contrast injection) and after contrast injection also did not correlate with perfusion (r = 0.18 and 0.06, respectively). In the evaluation of relative changes in myocardial blood flow, the percent change in the maximal slope of the appearance curve correlated with the percent change in blood flow (r = 0.77, p less than 0.0001). Seven of the eight regions with greater than 3.5-fold increase in blood flow were identified by an increase in maximal slope of greater than 50%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
L-asparaginase activity in plasma and other biological fluids.

An automated method has been developed for the assay of L-asparaginase activity in plasma and other biological fluids. By means of this method, L-asparaginase activity has been determined in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine in patients receiving E. coli L-asparaginase (EC-2) therapy. The height of the plasma activity was related to the dosage. In some patients, the plasma enzyme activity fell despite continued administration of L-asparaginase. The disappearance of the E. coli L-asparaginase from the plasma was related to the commercial source of the enzyme. From one source the half-life in adults was 11.2 ± 2.7 hours and from another, 22.6 ± 4.7 hours. Intramuscular administration of enzyme resulted in plasma levels that were about half those observed following intravenous administration of enzyme. Following intravenous administration of L-asparaginase at doses up to 5000 IU/kg/day, no activity was found in urine. At the highest dosage levels, small amounts of activity were observed in cerebrospinal fluid. When enzyme was injected directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, there was a rapid transfer of enzyme to the plasma, and the activity in the spinal fluid was reduced to negligible amounts within 24 hours.
A rose by any other name? Objective knowledge, perceived knowledge, and adolescent male condom use

Objective. To investigate the role of objective and perceived knowledge about condoms in adolescent males’ condom use at first intercourse. Methods. A longitudinal analysis was conducted of data from a nationally representative sample of 404 virgin male adolescents who were aged 15 to 17 years at wave 1 and reported becoming sexually experienced at the second wave of data collection. Objective knowledge was measured as a 5-item knowledge test about condoms. Perceived knowledge was measured as a 5-item scale regarding participants’ confidence about their answers on the objective knowledge test. Condom use was assessed by self-report. Results. Objective and perceived knowledge were moderately correlated with each other. Male adolescents with low objective but high perceived knowledge were identified as being at particular risk for not using a condom in that they were nearly 3 times less likely to report using a condom at first intercourse (odds ratio: 0.35) than those with other levels of objective and perceived knowledge. Conclusions. Previous evidence suggests that knowledge about sex does not accurately predict sexual behavior. This lack of predictive accuracy may be because studies have focused only on objective knowledge. Our results suggest that both objective and perceived knowledge serve as antecedents to male condom use at first intercourse. However, those with higher perceived knowledge, particularly in the context of low objective knowledge, may be at greater risk for not using condoms. Addressing not only objective but also perceived knowledge may increase the effectiveness of interventions that are designed to increase rates of condom use among male adolescents.
THE PPARα AGONIST FENOFIBRATE PRESERVES HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS AND INHIBITS MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION AFTER WHOLE-BRAIN IRRADIATION

Purpose Whole-brain irradiation (WBI) leads to cognitive impairment months to years after radiation. Numerous studies suggest that decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and microglial activation are involved in the pathogenesis of WBI-induced brain injury. The goal of this study was to investigate whether administration of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α agonist fenofibrate would prevent the detrimental effect of WBI on hippocampal neurogenesis. Methods and Materials For this study, 129S1/SvImJ wild-type and PPARα knockout mice that were fed either regular or 0.2% wt/wt fenofibrate-containing chow received either sham irradiation or WBI (10-Gy single dose of 137 Cs γ-rays). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with bromodeoxyuridine to label the surviving cells at 1 month after WBI, and the newborn neurons were counted at 2 months after WBI by use of bromodeoxyuridine/neuronal nuclei double immunofluorescence. Proliferation in the subgranular zone and microglial activation were measured at 1 week and 2 months after WBI by use of Ki-67 and CD68 immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results Whole-brain irradiation led to a significant decrease in the number of newborn hippocampal neurons 2 months after it was performed. Fenofibrate prevented this decrease by promoting the survival of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus. In addition, fenofibrate treatment was associated with decreased microglial activation in the dentate gyrus after WBI. The neuroprotective effects of fenofibrate were abolished in the knockout mice, indicating a PPARα-dependent mechanism or mechanisms. Conclusions These data highlight a novel role for PPARα ligands in improving neurogenesis after WBI and offer the promise of improving the quality of life for brain cancer patients receiving radiotherapy.
There Are No Free Gifts! Social Support and the Need for Reciprocity

Few discussions of aid or social support address the feelings that such support engenders in the support recipients. Yet receipt of support creates an emotional cost for the recipient and alters his/her perceived status as an independent member of a social group. This paper presents findings from a larger study of 202 African American and White parents of children with cancer, focusing on social support, social networks, and coping. Most discussions of social support highlight affective support and its relationship to psychological outcomes. Rarely are charitable gifts to individuals mentioned in the literature. Although both affective and material support are discussed in this paper, the data focus primarily on the financial support that was given to the parents as a tangible form of social support. Using Sahlin's model of reciprocity, I argue that the normal patterns of exchanges alter due to the pressing needs of providing support to those experiencing a crisis. I focus on the responses of the recipien...
590. Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccines Against Anthrax

Anthrax, the disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, is highly lethal and has emerged as a serious bioterrorism threat. A vaccine exists, however it requires six doses over eighteen months plus yearly boosts. Furthermore, the vaccine is made from the culture supernatant of an attenuated strain of B. anthracis which contains contaminants that can result in painful reactions at the injection site. In the present study we employ two strategies using adenovirus to stimulate a humoral response against B. anthracis protective antigen, the common binding subunit of anthrax toxins. In the first approach an E1, E3- deleted adenovirus vector expressing the immunoprotective domain 4 of protective antigen (Ad.D4) was constructed. Balb/c mice immunized with Ad.D4 mounted an antibody response against protective antigen two weeks after a single intramuscular injection which was further increased after boosting. Serum from immunized mice was able to neutralize lethal toxin in vitro and immunized micechallenged with lethal toxin showed significant survival after only two vaccine doses. We are now evaluating DNA/adenovirus prime- boost strategies for their ability to protect mice from anthrax spore challenge. Our second strategy aims to take advantage of the immune response generated against components of the adenovirus capsid. In particular, a robust, serotype specific antibody response is elicited against the hexon protein. Structural data and sequence analysis of hexons from different serotypes have shown that poorly conserved loops on the capsid surface, termed hypervariable regions (HVRs), are responsible for eliciting the serotype specific antibody response. We have genetically inserted a subdomain of B. anthracis protective antigen into one of these surface loops and assessed the ability of this vector to stimulate a protective humoral response against lethal toxin. The effects of peptide insertion on virus life cycle and capsid stability are also examined.
The use of affinity chromatography for the isolation of two sets of anticarbohydrate antibodies with specificity for a streptococcal glycan.

Abstract Two sets of anticarbohydrate antibodies have been isolated from the sera of rabbits immunized with a vaccine of nonviable cells of Streptococcus bovis. The immunogenic substance that induces the synthesis of these antibodies is a novel type of tetraheteroglycan composed of a main chain of 6-deoxy- l -talose, d -galactose, and l -rhamnose and side chains of single d -glucuronic acid units. The antibodies of one set consist of six members and are anti-GlcUA antibodies directed against terminal d -glucuronic acid units of the glycan. The antibodies of the other set consist of 12 members and are anti-GlcUA-X antibodies directed against terminal oligosaccharide units of the same glycan. The structure of the oligosaccharide is likely d -glucuronosyl-(1 → 4)- l -rhamnose. Affinity chromatography on two types of adsorbents with different carbohydrate ligands has been used to isolate and purify the antibodies. The antibodies of both sets are of the IgG class of immunoglobulins and possess molecular weights of 1.5 × 105. The antibodies occur in isomeric forms with all isomers of a set exhibiting specificity for the same immunodeterminant group of the immunogen.
On the geaded ring associated with an integral group ring

Let G be the direct product of cyclic groups of order 4. we calculate an upper bound for the degree of the summands of gr ℤG. There are grounds for believing that this bound is, in fact, the exact value in all cases.
DETERMINATION OF LIPASE ACTIVITY BY FLORISIL COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY AND LIQUID SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETRY

Abstract Pancreatic lipase activity was assayed by Florisil column chromatography and the use of C 14 -carboxyl-labeled triolein. This method allows the demonstration of lipase activity and the determination of the concentrations of triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, and free fatty acids in the incubation medium during the course of lipolysis.
Unemployment Expectations: The Impact of Private Information on Income Uncertainty

The formation and accuracy of unemployment expectations are investigated in this paper. Unemployment expectations were found to contain predictive information that was not captured by past trends in unemployment and other economic variables. The predictive content of expectations was based on private information about future unemployment and overall economic prospects. The data indicated a greater consistency with the rational expectations hypothesis than with adaptive, extrapolative, and error-learning models, although households did not optimally use all available information. The data indicate that unemployment expectations are to an important extent derived from more general expectations about the future performance of the economy.
Normal ranges of angiogenesis regulatory proteins in human platelets

Platelets sequester angiogenesis regulatory proteins early in tumor growth, which suggests a new avenue for monitoring disease. To date, there are no clinically relevant reference ranges for markers of early angiogenesis. We introduce a new ELISA-based method for accurate and reproducible measurement of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), platelet factor 4 (PF4), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), fibroblast growth factor, basic (bFGF), and endostatin in platelets. To facilitate clinical applicability, the platelet levels in isolated samples were determined utilizing a new actin ELISA method. Platelets from healthy donors at single and repetitive time points were used for the assessment of normal ranges of these proteins. The physiological levels in platelets were: VEGF (0.74 +/- 0.37 pg/10(6) platelets); PDGF (23 +/- 6 pg/10(6)); PF4 (12 +/- 5 ng/10(6)); TSP-1 (31 +/- 12 ng/10(6)); bFGF (0.44 +/- 0.15 pg/10(6)); and endostatin (5.6 +/- 3.0 pg/10(6)). There was an excellent correlation (R(2) = 0.7) between the platelet levels calculated with the actin ELISA and complete blood count. The levels of the platelets were higher than those in platelet-poor plasma by factors of: VEGF (215-fold); PDGF (914-fold); PF-4 (516-fold); TSP-1 (813-fold); and bFGF (17-fold). The endostatin levels were nearly equivalent. The biovariability of the platelet proteins in eight healthy subjects over a 5-week period was found to be minimal. We describe accurate and direct measurements of the concentrations of VEGF, bFGF, PDGF, TSP-1, endostatin, and PF4 in platelets of healthy human subjects. In contrast to the highly variable levels in plasma and serum, the platelet-derived measurements were accurate and reproducible with minimal biovariability.
Bilateral Temporal Hypometabolism in Epilepsy

Summary: Purpose: Positron emission tomography (PET) has proven useful in epilepsy surgery for its ability to identify unilateral temporal hypometabolism (UTH), which is predictive of good surgical outcome. The significance of bilateral temporal hypometabolism (BTH) is not known. Methods: We identified all patients who had marked bilateral reduction in temporal lobe metabolism relative to the cerebellar hemispheres and compared their clinical features and treatment outcomes with those of control patients with UTH. Results: BTH was evident in 10% of PET scans for epilepsy at our institution. We compared these patients with age-matched controls with UTH. The BTH patients had a higher percentage of generalized seizures; were more likely to have bilateral, diffuse or extratemporal seizure onsets; and had bilateral or diffuse magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. UTH patients were more likely to have unilateral mesial temporal atrophy on MFU. Even when electrical seizure onsets were well localized, surgical outcomes were markedly worse in these patients than in controls. Medical treatment was also less successful. Social and cognitive functioning was worse in the BTH group. The only death occurred in the group with BTH. Conclusions: Patients with BTH have features distinct from those with UTH and have a worse prognosis for seizure remission after surgery.
Modification of Proteins in Endothelial Cell Death during Oxidative Stress

Exposure of bovine aortic endothelial cells in vitro to oxidative stress causes a cascade of changes in cell function, culminating in cell death if the stress is sufficiently severe. Oxidative modification of proteins, as measured by the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine with carbonyl groups of oxidized proteins, increased three- to fourfold in endothelial cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide or to a xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. The increase in oxidative modification of protein occurred rapidly, preceding loss of cellular ATP and eventual cell death. Oxidative modification of protein was paralleled by loss of activity of the key metabolic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The finding that oxidative modification of protein is an early event following oxidative stress suggests that oxidative modification of protein is not only a marker for oxidative damage but also a causal factor in oxidative injury.
Degradation of acetate-14C: Modification of Roseman's benzimidazole procedure

Abstract Roseman's benzimidazole procedure for the degradation of radioactive acetate has been reviewed and modified. A solvent system for scintillation counting of the radioactive products formed is described.
A study of anal papillae.

The findings of this study coupled with the consideration of clinical observations impel one to consider that anal papillae are neither normal anatomic structures nor developmental variations of the normal, but rather that they are vestiges of the anal plate or acquired structures.
The Externalist's Demon

Let's say that two individuals are epistemic counterparts iff they happen to be in precisely the same (non-factive) mental states. If one has a veridical experience, her counterparts will undergo a subjectively indistinguishable conscious experience. If she remembers something, her counterparts will seem to recall the same event or fact. If she knows something to be true, her counterparts will believe it to be true. Counterparts always find the same things intuitive. Any difference between those who know a great deal about the external world and their systematically deceived counterparts is a difference the deceived counterparts could never appreciate.
Innovative approaches to information literacy instruction for engineering undergraduates at Drexel University

As information professionals, engineering librarians have the primary responsibilities of providing access to engineering information resources and giving instruction in how to use these resources. In the case of undergraduate engineering students, this extends to building their information literacy skills, an important component in helping them become lifelong learners; to be curious and independent, and to take greater responsibility for their own learning. The challenge in building information literacy in engineering students is to acquaint the students with the array of library resources available to them and to help them intelligently navigate the systems that contain the information. Too often, information literacy instruction is presented as a set of procedures for locating a hypothetical resource in the library. However, students are not interested in finding some resource randomly chosen as an example; they want to find resources that they perceive as being important and useful. During the 2005–2...
Genome rearrangement affects RNA virus adaptability on prostate cancer cells.

Gene order is often highly conserved within taxonomic groups, such that organisms with rearranged genomes tend to be less fit than wildtype gene orders, and suggesting natural selection favors genome architectures that maximize fitness. But it is unclear whether rearranged genomes hinder adaptability: capacity to evolutionarily improve in a new environment. Negative-sense nonsegmented RNA viruses (order Mononegavirales) have specific genome architecture: 3′ UTR – core protein genes – envelope protein genes – RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase gene – 5′ UTR. To test how genome architecture affects RNA virus evolution, we examined vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) variants with the nucleocapsid (N) gene moved sequentially downstream in the genome. Because RNA polymerase stuttering in VSV replication causes greater mRNA production in upstream genes, N-gene translocation towards the 5’ end leads to stepwise decreases in N transcription, viral replication and progeny production, and also impacts the activation of type 1 interferon mediated antiviral responses. We evolved VSV gene-order variants in two prostate cancer cell lines: LNCap cells deficient in innate immune response to viral infection, and PC3 cells that mount an IFN stimulated anti-viral response to infection. We observed that gene order affects phenotypic adaptability (reproductive growth; viral suppression of immune function), especially on PC3 cells that strongly select against virus infection. Overall, populations derived from the least-fit ancestor (most-altered N position architecture) adapted fastest, consistent with theory predicting populations with low initial fitness should improve faster in evolutionary time. Also, we observed correlated responses to selection, where viruses improved across both hosts, rather than suffer fitness trade-offs on unselected hosts. Whole genomics revealed multiple mutations in evolved variants, some of which were conserved across selective environments for a given gene order.
Comparison of occurrence and rates of chemical biodegradation in natural waters

Anthropogenic materials can enter natural waters through domestic and industrial effluents, agricultural run-off, seepages from surface and sub-surface chemical repositories, atmospheric deposition, and accidental spills. An assessment of the biological effects of chemicals in aquatic environments requires an understanding of the fate of such xenobiotic compounds. Biodegradation may be a principal mechanism which dictates the longevity of chemical pollutants in terrestrial and aquatic environments (Bollag 1974). However, it is the environment that actually controls the biodegradation process and has a greater influence on the process than the microorganisms per se (Kaplan 1979). The present study was conducted to measure and compare the degradation of ten organic chemicals in ground, Lester River and Lake Superior harbor waters by autochthonous microorganisms.
Factors of Human Chronic Pain: An Analysis of Personality and Pain Reaction Variables

Factor analysis of pain and personality test data obtained from 119 patients with chronic pain syndromes yields seven factors: four composed of personality measures, two involving different psychophysical pain measures, and one sex-related factor. The chief factors, comprising more than 50 percent of the total variance, are "interpersonal alienation and manipulativeness," "clinical pain intensity", and "pain endurance."
Performance comparison of three types of high-speed counter-current chromatographs for the separation of components of hydrophilic and hydrophobic color additives.

The performance of three types of high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) instruments was assessed for their use in separating components in hydrophilic and hydrophobic dye mixtures. The HSCCC instruments compared were: (i) a J-type coil planet centrifuge (CPC) system with a conventional multilayer-coil column, (ii) a J-type CPC system with a spiral-tube assembly-coil column, and (iii) a cross-axis CPC system with a multilayer-coil column. The hydrophilic dye mixture consisted of a sample of FDC and (b) use of a J-type instrument with multilayer-coil column, while applying either the upper phase or the lower phase as the mobile phase, is preferable for separating the hydrophobic dye mixture of D&C Red No. 17 and Sudan II.
Charge Transport along the λ-DNA Double Helix

We have measured the conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ along the lambda phage DNA $(\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{DNA})$ double helix at microwave frequencies using lyophilized DNA in and also without a buffer. The conductivity is strongly temperature dependent around room temperature with a crossover to a weakly temperature dependent conductivity at low temperatures. Removal of the water mantle around the double helix leads to reduced conductivity.
Scott's parabola and the rise of the medical-industrial complex.

In 2001, a British gynecologist J.W. Scott, M.D. published in the British Medical Journal a brief paper entitled “Scott’s parabola: the rise and fall of a surgical technique” [20]. While sharing only a distant resemblance to the abstract mathematical definition of a parabola, the graphic representation does serve well to provide us with all too familiar surgical experiences within our profession. A procedure or therapy which shows great promise at the outset becoming the standard treatment after reports of encouraging results, only to fall into disuse as a result of negative outcome reports.
Leukotriene effect in airways smooth muscle: calcium dependency and verapamil inhibition.

Abstract The extracellular calcium (Ca++)E dependency of the synthetic leukotrienes (LT) C4, D4 and E4 and inhibition of LTC4 by verapamil was demonstrated on guinea pig trachealis in vitro. LTC4 exhibited an intrinsic potency 170 X greater than histamine. Tension development by LTC4, D4 and E4 was equipotent at 2.5 mM (Ca++)E. Tension studies in 0.5 mM (Ca++)E indicate these three leukotrienes to be (Ca++)E dependent with a potency ranking of LTC4 > LTD4 and LTE4 (P
Applying data fusion techniques for benthic habitat mapping and monitoring in a coral reef ecosystem

Accurate mapping and effective monitoring of benthic habitat in the Florida Keys are critical in developing management strategies for this valuable coral reef ecosystem. For this study, a framework was designed for automated benthic habitat mapping by combining multiple data sources (hyperspectral, aerial photography, and bathymetry data) and four contemporary imagery processing techniques (data fusion, Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA), machine learning, and ensemble analysis). In the framework, 1-m digital aerial photograph was first merged with 17-m hyperspectral imagery and 10-m bathymetry data using a pixel/feature-level fusion strategy. The fused dataset was then preclassified by three machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, and k-Nearest Neighbor). Final object-based habitat maps were produced through ensemble analysis of outcomes from three classifiers. The framework was tested for classifying a group-level (3-class) and code-level (9-class) habitats in a portion of the Florida Keys. Informative and accurate habitat maps were achieved with an overall accuracy of 88.5% and 83.5% for the group-level and code-level classifications, respectively.
An improved method for the measurement of 14CO2 applied to a problem of cysteine metabolism in squid nerve.

—A method has been developed for the measurement of metabolically evolved 14CO2 which reduces contamination, utilizes conventional scintillation counting equipment, and makes possible direct comparisons with liquid samples without the need for large correction factors. The application of the method reveals that cysteine is transported into squid axons where much of it is decarboxylated, but where very little of the remainder of the molecule is metabolized to CO2. In contrast, pyruvate is taken up much more slowly, probably by diffusion, but is almost entirely metabolized to CO2. Thus cysteine does not appear to be appreciably metabolized by squid nerve via a ‘pyruvate pathway’. Although only a little appears to be metabolized via a ‘taurine pathway’, that small portion goes mainly to hypotaurine, and none goes beyond to isethionate.
Map Matching and Heuristic Elimination of Gyro Drift for Personal Navigation Systems in GPS-denied Conditions

This paper introduces a method for the substantial reduction of heading errors in inertial navigation systems used under GPS-denied conditions. Presumably, the method is applicable for both vehicle-based and personal navigation systems, but experiments were performed only with a personal navigation system called 'personal dead reckoning' (PDR). In order to work under GPS-denied conditions, the PDR system uses a foot-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU). However, gyro drift in this IMU can cause large heading errors after just a few minutes of walking. To reduce these errors, the map-matched heuristic drift elimination (MAPHDE) method was developed, which estimates gyro drift errors by comparing IMU-derived heading to the direction of the nearest street segment in a database of street maps. A heuristic component in this method provides tolerance to short deviations from walking along the street, such as when crossing streets or intersections. MAPHDE keeps heading errors almost at zero, and, as a result, position errors are dramatically reduced. In this paper, MAPHDE was used in a variety of outdoor walks, without any use of GPS. This paper explains the MAPHDE method in detail and presents experimental results.
Intraspinal tumors in infancy and childhood

Abstract Sixteen cases of intraspinal tumors in patients ranging from 10 weeks to 11 years and three months are presented. The two youngest patients in this series are younger than any previously recorded. It is suggested that it is possible to make an early diagnosis of spinal cord pressure in infants and young children. Complete neurologic examination and study of the cerebrospinal fluid are essential. Sensory examination is of great value in even the youngest patient if the examiner is sufficiently persistent. Injection of iodized oil should be necessary in rare instances only, but where needed it is invaluable.
Indigenous Attitudes and Ethnic Identity Construction in Mexico

Challenging primordialist positions commonly held in Mexico9s policy debate over relations between indigenous groups and the state, this article confirms the instrumentalist position that ethnic identities may be readily shaped. Using findings from a recent survey in Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Zacatecas, the author concludes, after distinguishing individual- from collectivity-oriented attitudes, that indigenous and non-indigenous respondents are similarly individualist. Important differences were found, however, on a second dimension distinguishing pro-state respondents from those who were more communally-oriented. Indigenous respondents, particularly in Oaxaca, were found to possess more statist orientations than non-indigenous respondents. The author asserts that decades-old state policies to assimilate indigenous communities may be partially responsible, and that disillusionment with these policies and state-led repression in Chiapas may explain attitude differences among indigenous respondents. Desafiando las visiones primordialistas comuunmente apoyadas en Meexico durante los debates de poliitica puublica sobre las relaciones entre los grupos poliiticos y el estado, este artiiculo confirma la posicioon instrumentalista de que la identidad eetnica puede ser voluntariamente adoptada. Usando hallazgos de una reciente encuesta en Chiapas, Oaxaca y Zacatecas, el autor concluye, despuees de distinguir las actitudes individuales de las colectivas, que los encuestados indiigenas y no-indiigenas son similarmente individualistas. Se encuentran importantes diferencias, pero en una segunda dimensioon que distingue a los encuestados pro-estatales de los que tienen orientaciones comunitarias. Los indiigenas consultados, particularmente los de Oaxaca, tienen orientaciones maas estadistas que los no-indiigenas (o sea maas orien-tados haciia el estadogobierno). El autor argumenta que deecadas de viejas poliiticas puublicas estatales para asimilar a las comunidades indiigenas pueden haber producido parcialmente estos resultados, y que las desilusiones por estas poliiticas y la represioon estatal en Chiapas pueden explicar las diferentes actitudes entre los indiigenas encuestados.
Targeted Chemotherapy with Metal Complexes

Classical chemotherapeutics, such as cisplatin and its analogues, have been highly successful in the clinic, yet improvements can certainly be made, given the significant side effects associated with the killing of healthy cells. Recent advances in the field of chemotherapy include the development of targeted anticancer agents, compounds that are directed towards a specific biomarker of cancer, with the hopes that such targeted therapies might have reduced side effects given their greater selectivity. Here we discuss several transition metal complexes that are tailored towards various biomolecules associated with cancer. Most notably, the success of rhodium metalloinsertors, which specifically bind to nucleic acid base mismatches in DNA, highlight the enormous potential of this exciting new strategy.
Abstract 4192: Global gene expression profiling confirms the molecular fidelity of primary tumor-based orthotopic xenograft mouse models of medulloblastoma

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Clinically relevant animal models are needed for understanding biology and testing novel therapies in medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant brain tumor that occurs in children. We have recently established a panel of orthotopic xenograft mouse models of MB through direct injection of fresh surgical specimens into the cerebella of Rag2/SCID mice. The xenograft tumors were previously shown to have replicated key histopathological phenotypes and invasive growth characteristics of the original patient tumors. The objective of the current study is to complete the molecular characterization of 11 MB models that have been serially passaged in vivo in mouse brains for at least three generations. Whole genome gene expression profiling was performed in duplicate with Illumina HumanWG6 v3 gene expression profiling beadchip that contains more than 48,000 probes. Our results showed that the xenograft tumors are molecularly accurate. When the nine passage I xenograft tumors were compared with their original patient tumors, high correlation coefficiency were observed (r2 >0.95 in five models, >0.9 in three models, and >0.85 in one model). Serial subtransplantation up to five times did not cause significant changes of gene expression pattern (r2>0.9 in eight models, >0.8 in three models). Using RNAs from 4 normal fetal brains, one child cerebellum, and 5 adult cerebella as control, we further showed that these xenograft models, although molecularly independent displaying distinct gene expression profiles, can be classified into five different subcategories. A selected set of the differentially expressed genes were validated using real-time RT-PCR and Immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, this study provided strong experimental evidence to demonstrate that primary tumor-based orthotopic xenograft mouse models of MBs are molecularly accurate, and our findings of genetic abnormalities should significantly facilitate the rationally designed preclinical drug screenings in the near future. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4192.
Comparison of satellite self‐contamination experiments and scattering return flux calculations

Gaseous emissions from a spacecraft modify the orbital environment and degrade the observations of distant radiation sources. These emissions also provide contamination fluxes induced by self-scattering and scattering with ambient particles. Experiments were carried out on the orbiting Atmosphere Explorer D satellite (AE-D) to verify the calculated return fluxes of a neon source. Known rates of neon were emitted in the direction of the velocity vector on command from the MRMU (molecular return measurement unit). At 250 km the neutral mass spectrometer indicated a total neon return flux of 0.0246 times the emitted flux. The calculated fraction was 0.0123, including 0.00914 for the ambient scatter and 0.00354 for the altitude-independent self-scatter. The pressure gages indicated pressures less than 7 microtorr at altitudes from 161 to 210 km. The maximum pressure for the 161-km orbit was calculated as 0.74 microtorr.
Extreme drug resistance assay and response to chemotherapy in patients with primary peritoneal carcinoma.

Background and Objectives The extreme drug resistance (EDR) assay is an in vitro chemoresistance assay performed on tumor samples grown in culture and is claimed to predict drugs unlikely to produce response. Its clinical value in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has recently been questioned. The aim of this study is to describe EDR assay results and responses to chemotherapy among women with primary peritoneal adenocarcinoma (PPA) and to compare them with those of women with EOC. Methods Fresh tumor specimens from 20 consecutive women with PPA were tested for EDR to the following drugs: cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, etoposide, hexamethylmelamine, and topotecan. They were then treated with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. The results of the EDR assay and response to chemotherapy were compared with those among women with EOC. Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of EDR to cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, etoposide, hexamethylmelamine, and topotecan among patients with PPA and those with EOC. The response rate of PPA patients to chemotherapy was 80.0% and unrelated to EDR to the individual drugs used in combination chemotherapy. Conclusions The EDR profile and response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy among women with PPA were similar to those among women with EOC. These findings support treating both conditions similarly. EDR to individual drugs does not preclude response to combination chemotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2000;73:148–152. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Intra- versus intermolecular hydrogen bonds in salicylamide derivatives

The crystal structures, solid-state infrared patterns, and thermal properties of two polymorphs of 4′-nitrosalicylanilide are presented. In both polymorphs, intramolecular hydrogen bonds are found between the phenol oxygen and the amide proton, and intermolecular hydrogen bonds are found between the amide carbonyl oxygen and the phenol proton. These hydrogen bond patterns are compared to those found in other known salicylamide derivatives and an analysis is given of the factors contributing to preferences for intra- or intermolecular hydrogen bonds in these structures. Crystal data:α polymorph, orthorhombic,Pbca,a=11.003(4),b=27.959(7),c=7.622(5) A,Z=4,V=2345(3) A3, andR=0.038 (1351 reflections);β polymorph, monoclinic,P21/a,a=28.36(1),b=11.64(1),c=7.293(8) A,β=90.68(6)°,Z=8,V=2408 A3, andR=0.043 (2425 reflections).
Scaphoid-trapezium-trapezoid fusion in the treatment of chronic scapholunate instability

Limited intercarpal arthrodesis for chronic scapholunate instability has been the subject of several recent publications. We have followed nine patients, who had scapho-trapezio-trapezoidal (S-T-T) fusion for scapholunate instability. All nine patients were re-examined recently after an average follow-up period of 19 months (range, 12 to 25 months). Six of the nine patients believed that their symptoms were significantly improved. The postoperative range of wrist motion (ROM) was decreased in all directions of motion. The pinch strength averaged 86% on the treated side and the grip strength averaged 74% of the unoperated side. Review of follow-up x-ray films showed radiographic evidence of union in eight of nine patients. We conclude that, with careful patient selection and close attention to operative detail, S-T-T fusion can be an effective treatment for scapholunate instability. However, the results are not uniformly predictable, and neither range of motion nor strength is normal after the procedure.