cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The terminal period of cancer: definition and descriptive epidemiology.

Abstract There is considerable current interest in the care of the terminally ill. This study provides information on the incidence, prevalence and duration of terminal cancer, and examines patient characteristics and patterns of care during the terminal care period (TCP). The data were derived from a retrospective study of 144 cancer deaths, utilizing information from physicians, medical records, and interviews with surviving relatives. It was estimated that 90% of all cancer deaths had a TCP, of average duration 94 days. Better functional status was associated with a longer TCP, and with spending a greater proportion of the TCP at home. Several areas of concern were noted in patterns of care, including use of a tumor-directed therapy during the TCP (in 18% of patients with a TCP) and the lack of face-to-face contact with the physician outside institutions, particularly as death approached.
Beyond a one-man show: the prelude of Revisionist Zionism, 1922–25

The hallmarks of the Revisionist political platform, such as opposition to the project of the enlarged Jewish Agency or the idea of fundamental land and fiscal reform in Palestine aimed at an intensification of the settlement endeavour, began to appear spontaneously, particularly in Russo-Ukrainian Zionist circles, during the second quarter of 1922. The so-called ‘Our Platform’, a series of articles setting out the Revisionist proposals, published in March 1924, was a joint undertaking and the culmination of numerous, sometimes inconclusive, discussions. The creation of the Union of Zionists-Revisionists sealed this process in 1925. The aim of this article is to investigate the three-year prelude to the organized Revisionist movement, highlighting the role performed by activists, almost all of whom have been forgotten over time (J. Brutzkus, S. Gepstein, J. Schechtman and I. Trivus, among others). It identifies the opposition to the enlarged Jewish Agency project (and not the rejection of the White Paper ...
A FIELD METHOD FOR MEASURING THE CHLORIDE CONTENT OF CONCRETE

Abstract A previous laboratory study demonstrated that based on accuracy, cost, speed, and level of expertise, the specific ion electrode was the best method for field measurements of the chloride content of reinforced concrete. This study addresses the development of a field procedure for measuring the chloride content of concrete using the specific ion electrode. The procedure requires a method to extract powdered samples, weigh 3.0 grams of extracted powder and calibration of the specific ion probe. The sampling method uses a vacuum collection, carbide drill sampling unit. Calibrated vials, a low cost scale and a triple beam balance were evaluated as sample weighing devices. The calibrated vials are too laborious and slow and the low cost scale too inaccurate. The calibration method was shown to be quick and consistent with a very small variance independent of number of measurements per specimens and calibration run. Samples taken from three bridges in Florida, Virginia, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin demonstrated that aggregate type has no effect on the chloride measurements. Finally, the variance associated with the instrument and the operational procedures of the test method was determined.
Multiple-beam wide-field infrared cameras for the MMT and Whipple observatories

Two wide field, multiple beam, near IR cameras are being developed for the MMT and Whipple Observatories. For the MMT a triple beamed, 1024 X 1024 pixel camera for the 6.5-m f/5 is being designed. As a prototype for the MMT and for use on the Whipple Observatory 1.2-m telescope, a dual beamed, 256 X 256 InSb array camera with three selectable magnifications has been built and in use for the past year.
Membrane Receptor for Prolate Phages is Not Required for Infection of Lactococcus lactis by Small or Large Isometric Phages

Lactococcus lactis contains a chromosomal gene (pip) for a membrane protein that serves as a receptor for the prolate bacteriophage c2 and other phages of the c2 species. A mutated allele of this receptor gene was used to replace the wild-type allele in L. lactis strains MM210, NCK 203, and C2. Allele replacement was confirmed by the presence of a restriction site marker in a polymerase chain reaction product from the mutated allele. The mutated pip derivative of strain C2 was completely resistant to phages of the c2 species but was fully sensitive to the small isometric phage sk1 of the 936 species, as expected. The mutated derivatives of MM210 and NCK203 were fully sensitive to the small isometric phages mm210b and 31 (p335 species) and to the large isometric phage 949 (949 species). These results show that pip is not required for infection by phages of species 936, p335, or 949. The resultant mutants grew as well as the parental strains in liquid media. The mutated derivatives of MM210 and C2 acidified and clotted milk as readily as the wild-type strains. These results show that phage receptor replacement in a commercial strain of L. lactis does not affect growth and acid production in milk.
Local anesthetics as adjuvant analgesics

Local anesthetics administered to block nerve conduction for surgical anesthesia and to provide analgesia in management of acute pain have become a standard of anesthesiology practice. These drugs have had an important role in the multimodality management of chronic pain as well, and this role is expanding since the revival of systemic administration. Local anesthetics are analgesics, albeit not in the traditional clinical and pharmacologic sense. Evidence suggests that intravenous administration is an effective treatment in chronic neuropathic pain syndromes. There is also evidence that intravenous local anesthetics can relieve acute pain. Furthermore, the novel idea that acute procedural and postprocedural pain control with local anesthetics could prevent the development of chronic pain syndromes, including chronic neuropathic pain syndromes, adds another important potential dimension to the role of local anesthetics in pain management.
Ilicicolin Inhibition and Binding at Center N of the Dimeric Cytochrome bc1 Complex Reveal Electron Transfer and Regulatory Interactions between Monomers

We have determined the kinetics of ilicicolin binding and dissociation at center N of the yeast bc(1) complex and its effect on the reduction of cytochrome b with center P blocked. The addition of ilicicolin to the oxidized complex resulted in a non-linear inhibition of the extent of cytochrome b reduction by quinol together with a shift of the reduced b(H) heme spectrum, indicating electron transfer between monomers. The possibility of a fast exchange of ilicicolin between center N sites was excluded in two ways. First, kinetic modeling showed that fast movement of an inhibitor between monomers would result in a linear inhibition of the extent of cytochrome b reduction through center N. Second, we determined a very slow dissociation rate for ilicicolin (k = 1.2 x 10(-3) s(-1)) as calculated from its displacement by antimycin. Ilicicolin binding to the reduced bc(1) complex occurred in a single phase (k(on) = 1.5-1.7 x 10(5) m(-1) s(-1)) except in the presence of stigmatellin, where a second slower binding phase comprising approximately 50% of the spectral change was observed. This second kinetic event was weakly dependent on ilicicolin concentration, which suggests that binding of ilicicolin to one center N in the dimer transmits a slow (k = 2-3 s(-1)) conformational change that allows binding of the inhibitor in the other monomer. These results, together with the evidence for intermonomeric electron transfer, provide further support for a dimeric model of regulatory interactions between center P and center N sites in the bc(1) complex.
Reparameterization of Semiempirical Techniques to Remove Anomalous Energy Minima

Abstract Semiempirical molecular orbital calculations have been shown to predict double minima potential surfaces which are not confirmed by further experimental or theoretical evidence.1 These same techniques predict barriers to internal rotation which are not only in large error but may not even follow the experimental trends.2 These discrepancies offer a large decrease in self confidence for the application of these techniques to molecular systems where direct experimental evidence is not available, and these are often the circumstances where one wants a theory to be used. Therefore, our research group is in the process of reparameterizing the procedure INDO3 to yield barriers to internal rotation, bond angles, and bond lengths within reliable confidence limits. During this process of determining new parameters we have observed that some sets of parameters will also remove the anomalous energy minima predicted by the original INDO parameters. To illustrate this we consider in this paper the molecule CO2.
Stochastic extensions to necessary conditions in the theory of the calculus of variations

A stochastic version of the modified Young's generalized necessary conditions in the calculus of variations is given in this paper. It is based on an extension of Minkowski's theorem on the existence of a flat support for a convex figure, and it generalizes the necessary conditions of Weierstrass and Euler in the classical theory of the calculus of variations to a class of admissible curves which are expressible in terms of a finite number of random parameters. The integrals which we consider here are in the general Denjoy sense, except those with respect to the random parameters, which exist in the Lebesgue sense defined on a probability space. The importance of our stochastic analysis lies in the completion that a minimum not attained in the classical sense may be, and frequently is, attained in the stochastic case.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome in Hypopituitary Patients

Abstract Background Increased incidence of cardiovascular mortality and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been reported in hypopituitarism, but previous studies did not correct for obesity in these patients. Therefore, it remained unclear if endocrine deficiency in hypopituitarism is associated with metabolic consequences independent of obesity. This study was designed to determine the burden of cardiovascular disease and NAFLD in hypopituitarism. Methods We performed a retrospective case-control analysis of hypopituitary patients at Veterans Affair Medical center, Memphis, from January 1997 to June 2007. After matching for age, gender, obesity, and race, relevant data were abstracted from the subjects’ records to determine the presence of hypopituitarism, cardiovascular risk factors, and fatty liver disease. Cases and controls were characterized by descriptive statistics and compared using χ 2 and Student t tests. Results Hypopituitary patients exhibited higher prevalence of hypertension- 88% versus 78% ( P P = 0.05), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-84% versus 70% ( P P P P > 0.3). Hypopituitary patients had higher elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and hyperbilirubinemia-24% versus 11% ( P P Conclusions There is an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and liver dysfunction consistent with NAFLD in hypopituitarism. Although hypopituitary patients had higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors than controls, they were not disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease.
Gene transfer using bovine adeno-associated virus in the guinea pig cochlea

Gene transfer into the cells of the cochlea is useful for both research and therapy. Bovine adeno-associated virus (BAAV) is a new viral vector with potential for long-term gene expression with little or no side effects. In this study, we assessed transgene expression using BAAV with beta-actin-GFP as a reporter gene, in the cochleae of normal and deafened guinea pigs. We used two different routes to inoculate the cochlea: scala media (SM) or scala tympani (ST). Auditory brainstem response assessments were carried out before inoculation, 7 days after inoculation and immediately before killing, to assess the functional consequences of the treatment. We observed threshold shifts because of the surgical invasion, but no apparent pathology associated with the virus. Fourteen days after the injection, animals were killed and cochleae assessed histologically. Epi-fluorescence showed that BAAV transduced the supporting cells of both normal and deafened animals through SM and ST inoculations. Transgene expression in cells of the membranous labyrinth after ST inoculation is an important outcome because of the greater feasibility of this route for future clinical application. BAAV facilitates efficient transduction of the membranous labyrinth epithelium with minimum pathogenicity and may become clinically applicable for inner ear gene therapy.
Canine antiragweed serum. Demonstration of “blocking” activity by in vivo and in vitro techniques

Abstract Normal dogs immunized with ragweed antigen produce a nonprecipitating antiragweed antiserum. The nonprecipitating antibody in the induced canine antiragweed was demonstrated by binding of I 131 -labeled ragweed, by inhibition of precipitating antigen-antibody reactions, and autoradiographic immunoelectrophoresis. This antiserum inhibits the reactions of dogs passively sensitized with canine reagin to challenge with ragweed antigen.
Neural Correlates of Animacy Attribution Include Neocerebellum in Healthy Adults

Recent work suggests that biological motion perception is supported by interactions between posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and regions of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum. However, insufficient attention has been given to cerebellar contributions to most other social cognitive functions, including ones that rely upon the use of biological motion cues for making mental inferences. Here, using adapted Heider and Simmel stimuli in a passive-viewing paradigm, we present functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence detailing cerebellar contributions to animacy attribution processes in healthy adults. We found robust cerebellar activity associated with viewing animate versus random movement in hemispheric lobule VII bilaterally as well as in vermal and paravermal lobule IX. Stronger activity in left Crus I and lobule VI was associated with a greater tendency to describe the stimuli in social-affective versus motion-related terms. Psychophysiological interaction analysis indicated preferential effective connectivity between right pSTS and left Crus II during the viewing of animate than random stimuli, controlling for individual variance in social attributions. These findings indicate that lobules VI, VII, and IX participate in social functions even when no active response is required. This cerebellar activity may also partially explain individual differences in animacy attribution.
The use of seclusion in emergency medicine

Abstract Introduction Little is known about the use of seclusion in emergency departments (EDs) across the country. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the use of seclusion in EDs in the United States. The secondary purpose was to describe seclusion use in EDs. Methods A survey consisting of questions about the use of seclusion, hospital information, complication rate and related procedures was mailed to a random sample consisting of 20% of the US ED medical directors. The survey was re-mailed to the nonresponders who were also contacted by phone and faxed. The results of the survey were inputted into the SPSS program (SPSS, version 10, Chicago, IL). Results The survey was returned by 443 of the 1015, or 43.6% of the ED medical directors in the United States who had been selected. Of the valid 442, 123 (25.6%) use seclusion in their ED. The most frequent reason for not using seclusion was physical plant issues (212 of 422, 50.2%). Most used direct visualization (102 of 187, 54.5%) of seclusion rooms that were locked (54 of 120, 45.0%) and that were overwhelmingly located within the ED (112 of 117, 95.7%). The most frequent reason for placing a patient in seclusion was violence (122 of 126, 96.8%). Both adults (123 of 126, 97.6%) and children (41 of 126, 32.5%) were placed in seclusion rooms. The most frequently reported complication was the patient's getting out of the seclusion room (32 of 106, or 30.1%). Patients were also given chemical restraints (79 of 113, 69.9%). The physician almost always ordered the seclusion room (124 of 125 cases, 99.2%), but the patient was commonly placed in the room by a nurse (109 of 122, 89.3%); generally, the staff had formal training (99 of 122, 81.1%). The use of seclusion was correlated with the number of ED beds ( F =32.0, df =1, P =.003), ED volume ( F =37.7, df =1, P =.001), number of hospital beds ( F =22.6, df =1, P =.001), having a psychiatric unit ( F =24.7, df =1, P =.001) and teaching EDs ( F =10.8, df =1, P =.001). Conclusion Seclusion rooms are used in a minority of EDs across the country. It also identified many outstanding concerns with complications, use in children, addition of chemical sedation, training and seclusion policy.
Neurosteroid Analogues. 9. Conformationally Constrained Pregnanes: Structure−Activity Studies of 13,24-Cyclo-18,21-dinorcholane Analogues of the GABA Modulatory and Anesthetic Steroids (3α,5α)- and (3α,5β)-3-Hydroxypregnan-20-one

The hydrogen-bond-acceptor properties of the carbonyl moiety in the 17β-acetyl group on the D-ring of the anesthetic steroids (3α,5α)- and (3α,5β)-3-hydroxypregan-20-one form an important part of the anesthetic steroid pharmacophore. 13,24-Cyclo-18,21-dinorcholanes containing a ketone or conjugated ketone group at C-20, C-22, C-23, or C-24 were prepared as conformationally constrained analogues of these anesthetic steroids and were used to probe for alternate locations for the D-ring hydrogen-bond-accepting carbonyl group. The analogues were evaluated (1) in [35S]-tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding experiments, (2) in electrophysiological experiments using rat α1β2γ2L GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and (3) as tadpole anesthetics. In the binding assay, the relative order of potencies for the analogues in the 5α- and 5β-series is identical. For the ketones, the order is 24-one ≥ 23-one > 20-one > 22-one. Likewise, for the enones, the order is Δ22-24-one > Δ20(22)-23-one > Δ22-2...
Wigner functions for evanescent waves

We propose phase space distributions, based on an extension of the Wigner distribution function, to describe fields of any state of coherence that contain evanescent components emitted into a half-space. The evanescent components of the field are described in an optical phase space of spatial position and complex-valued angle. Behavior of these distributions upon propagation is also considered, where the rapid decay of the evanescent components is associated with the exponential decay of the associated phase space distributions. To demonstrate the structure and behavior of these distributions, we consider the fields generated from total internal reflection of a Gaussian Schell-model beam at a planar interface.
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Detects Bacterial and Cyaonbacterial Diversities in Biological Soil Crusts in a Semiarid Desert, China

The purpose of this study is to assess the application of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for analyzing the bacterial and cyanobacterial diversities of biological soil crusts (BSCs) in sandy land. Soil microbial DNA was extracted from BSCs under different plantations in Horqin Sandy Land of Northeast China. 16S rRNA gene fragments from bacteria and cyanobacteria were amplified by universal bacterial and cyanobacteria-specific primers. Fourteen and six prominent bands were detected in the bacterial and cyanobacterial DGGE profiles, respectively. These bands were excised, cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis classified the bacterial sequences into the following main groups: Escherichia, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Shigella, and Pseudomonas. The cyanobacterial sequences were classified as Microcoleus, Leptolyngbya and Haslea. Our study suggests that DGGE is a useful technique for detecting dominant species compositions of bacterial and cyanobacterial communities in biological soil crusts, and specific primers are recommended for PCR of 16S rRNA gene fragments.
Alterations in vascular function and morphology in acute ischemic renal failure

Alterations in vascular function and morphology in acute ischemic renal failure. Left renal arteries of rats were clamped for 40 min, and the kidneys were studied 48hr and 7 days following restoration of blood flow. At 48hr, there was severe oliguria or anuria. Renal blood flow (RBF) was in the normal range, but there was a loss of RBF autoregulation between 95 to 120mm of mercury in seven out of nine rats. Morphologically, arcuate and interlobular arteries and afferent arterioles showed focal, segmental necrosis of smooth muscle cells and diapedesis of red blood cells across their walls. At 7 days, renal function was still severely depressed. RBF showed a slight decrease that did not reach statistical significance, and RBF autoregulatory capacity was lost in 8 out of 11 rats. Morphologically, vascular lesions were characterized at this stage by marked thickening and fibrosis of the tunica adventitia of the interlobular arteries and afferent arterioles. Structural vascular alterations may impair smooth muscle contractile function and thus interfere with RBF autoregulatory function in this model of acute renal failure. Alterations de la fonction et de la morphologie vasculaires dans l'insuffisance renale aigue ischemique. Les arteres renales gauches de rats ont ete clampees pendant 40 min, et les reins etudies 48hr et 7 jours apres la restauration du flux sanguin. A 48hr il y avait une oligurie severe ou une anurie. Le flux sanguin renal (RBF) etait dans les limites de la normale, mais il y avait une perte de G autoregulation du RBF entre 95 a 120mm Hg chez sept des neuf rats. Morphologiquement, les arteres arquees et interlobulaires et les arterioles afferentes avaient une necrose focale et segmentaire des cellules musculaires lisses, et une diapedese des globules rouges a travers leurs parois. A 7 jours, la fonction renale etait encore severement alteree. Il existait une diminution moderee du RBF, n'atteignant pas la significativite, et la capacite d'autoregulation du RBF etait perdue chez 8 des 11 rats. Morphologiquement, les lesions vasculaires etaient caracterisees a ce stade par un epaississement marque et une fibrose de la tunique adventitielle des arteres interlobulaires et des arterioles afferentes. Les alterations structurelles vasculaires pourraient alterer la fonction contractile mus culaire lisse et interferer ainsi avec la capacite d'autoregulation du RBF dans ce modele d'insuffisance renale aigue.
Birth order, research participation, and social participation of Peace Corps volunteers.

A parsimonious explanation was offered why ordinal position might be related to participation in specific activities as revealed in recent studies. Two hypotheses were developed and tested using a sample of 222 Peace Corps volunteers. The first hypothesis was that more first borns than later borns will respond immediately to an appeal by mail and actually participate in research. The second hypothesis was that first borns from large families engage in fewer social activities than do second borns. The statistically significant results supported the hypotheses and were consistent with previous empirical findings.
Method of Selective Trigger-Immobilization for Nanostructure Formation

We report a new method to control both the nucleation and growth of polypyrrole (Ppy) and gold for the formation of nanometer-sized patterns using regioselectively immobilized oxidant and reductant...
Near infrared spectra and the disrupted network model of normal and supercooled water

The near IR (overtone) spectra of water, H2O–D2O solutions, and a glass‐forming glycerol +D2O solution have been measured in the temperature range 80 to −30 °C (−120 °C for the glycerol +D2O solution) using emulsion samples to gain access to the deep supercooling range. At −30 °C the intensity attributed to weakly hydrogen bonded –OH is greatly diminished and a small extrapolation in the latter case leads to a spectrum closely similar to that of the vitreous glycerol +D2O solution. This is a very broad spectrum, extending from 1.4–1.65 μm, which we associate with a fully bonded and immobile quasilattice in which there is a distribution of hydrogen bond strengths. The changes in intensity which occur with rise in temperature are seen to be consistent with an ‘‘exciting across the centroid’’ model (a weak bond⇄strong bond exchange) suggested by Stillinger and Rahman on the basis of MD calculations. The enthalpy change for this process is found to be 3.0 kcal/mol, consistent with light‐scattering data for the hydrogen bond‐breaking energy.
Magnetization and thermoremanent magnetization of Tb2Mo2O7 and Y2Mo2O7 spin glasses

Abstract Tb 2 Mo 2 O 7 and Y 2 Mo 2 O 7 are crystalline oxides having the pyrochlore structure. Magnetic susceptibility measurements have shown a magnetic transition which is similar to a spin glass below 27 and 22 K for Tb 2 Mo 2 O 7 and Y 2 Mo 2 O 7 respectively. Experimental measurements of the low field susceptibility, the magnetic hysteresis loop, the thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) and the time decay of the remanent magnetization have been carried out. A shift from the origin in the magnetic hysteresis loop, the disappearance of TRM at the transition temperature and a log t decay of the remanent magnetization have been observed. All these experimental observations strongly suggest a spin glass behavior for Tb 2 Mo 2 O 7 and Y 2 Mo 2 O 7 below 27 and 22 K respectively.
ADAPTIVE NONLINEAR IMAGE ENHANCEMENT OF GAUSSIAN DEGRADED IMAGES

An adaptive technique for nonlinear image enhancement using Gabor filters is proposed. A set of Gabor filters are employed to extract high-pass components from the blurred image and these components are then nonlinearly processed before adding back to the input image for enhancement. Further, we propose a novel method for fast blur estimation and we establish an empirical relationship between the estimated blur and the optimal Gabor filter parameters, resulting in an enhancement system that is adaptive to the degree of blur in the input image. Extensive evaluation, including both PSNR-based objective evaluation and subjective psychophysical tests, confirms the advantages of the proposed approach over existing state-of-the-art methods. This enhancement approach is especially targeted at digital television applications where image blur is present due to various reasons like compression and resolution up-conversion.
The Application of Anthropological Knowledge to Modern Mass Society: An Anthropologist's View

Are there any methods whereby we may understand the cultures of modern nation-societies both as to their detailed components and as to their total configurational characteristics? Anthropologists receive such queries because modern ethnological field work and other anthropological methods have been able to produce reliable descriptive analyses of so-called primitive tribes and small communities that are both comprehensive and detailed. And, on the basis of such data collected in a wide variety of cultures around the world, science has acquired not only a rich store of knowledge concerning the substantive varieties of human social behavior, but also a fairly elaborated theoretical apparatus regarding culture in general. With such knowledge and theory it is possible to explain and even to predict many human behaviors and attitudes that were formerly beyond the reach of science.
Contralateral motoneuron dendritic changes induced by transection of frog spinal nerves

Changes in dendritic morphology were investigated following lesions of frog spinal nerves. Dendrite length, surface area, and volume, as well as measures of expansion and retraction were examined with the aid of a computer microscope system. We found that dendrites contralateral to the side of transection underwent a distal shift in their branching pattern without changing in total length or total number of branches.
Similarity judgments and recognition memory for some common spices.

A group of subjects rated the similarities of all 55 pairs of 11 spices, Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of this judgment matrix indicated a single underlying dimension, interpretable as pleasantness. Short-term recognition memory for the same spices was tested in separate groups of subjects required to remember one, three, and five stimuli, respectively. Performance was best for the group remembering one stimulus, but was not affected by the number of stimuli preceding the correct stimulus in the test. The confusion matrix for the one-stimulus group, symmetrized by removal of a stimulus bias, showed a significant correlation with the judgment matrix.
Job lateness in a two-machine flowshop with setup times separated

Abstract This paper considers the two-machine flowshop problem of minimizing maximum lateness where setup times are separated from process times. Two sufficient conditions for optimality are presented. These conditions and a lower bound are used to develop a branch-and-bound solution procedure to arrive at an optimal solution. Computational results are also given. The computational results include comparison of the optimal solutions with the solutions obtained by two heuristic procedures based on the two sufficiency conditions mentioned earlier.
Influence of naloxone on brain and behavior of a self-injurious woman

Effets de la naloxone chez des jeunes femmes (21 ans) d'une intelligence normale ayant eu dans leur histoire des conduites d'automutilation. Differents tests sont utilises: reponses evoquees auditives recueillies a differents points du cortex cerebral et tests de la memoire
Studies in the techniques of radio speech

(1932). Studies in the techniques of radio speech. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 560-571.
Migration and child health: the Dutch experience.

Nearly one million of the fifteen million inhabitants of the Netherlands are directly descending from migrant parents. Of these inhabitants, 75% come from former colonies (Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles) and Mediterranean countries like Turkey and Morocco. The mortality rate of Turkish and Moroccan children under 15 years of age is two to three times higher compared to Dutch children. Main causes are perinatal death (including congenital malformations), accidents and drowning, infectious diseases and death during holidays in the country of origin. Inequalities in health between the migrant and Dutch children are demonstrated in several surveys conducted at both national and local levels. Apart from socio-economic differences, this can be attributed to three main causes; different pathology due to imported infectious diseases or inherited disorders, different life style and sociocultural factors. The cumulative factor explains the differences in health, comparable with several other countries in Europe where migrants from Mediterranean countries and former colonies live.
If the Progressives Were Advising Us Today, Should We Listen?

It's tempting to ask the Progressives what to do. Their reform efforts responded to a gilded age with which we are becoming again familiar: legislation crafted by and for corporate interests; corruption and coverups in politics and industry; corporate consolidation and the realization of firms of unprecedented size and value; conspicuous consumption; despoliation of the environment; increasing inequalities in wealth and welfare; weakness of labor and, as Ralph Miliband put it, "class struggle from above."' The Progressives not only analyzed these problems but devised some remedial actions and made considerable progress in realizing them. But I doubt how much the Progressives could help us today. Historians know that we never get clear directives from history, because context is everything, and what worked in 1901 won't likely work in 2001. And then there's the question, which Progressive lessons? We know that Progressivism was a cluster of varied impulses, ideologies and policy proposals. In fact, its incoherence can be dizzying. Let me call on a few individuals to identify some of the contradictions: Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois and Woodrow Wilson were all arch-Progressives, with three conflicting views about the proper role for white and African American people in our polity. Wilson, who led us in a war to make the world democratic, and Jane Addams, who was labeled
Inelastic Thermal Neutron Scattering Cross Sections for Reactor-grade Graphite

Abstract Current calculations of the inelastic thermal neutron scattering cross sections of graphite are based on representing the material using ideal single crystal models. However, the density of reactor-grade graphite is usually in the range of 1.5 g/cm 3 to approximately 1.8 g/cm 3 , while ideal graphite is characterized by a density of nearly 2.25 g/cm 3 . This difference in density is manifested as a significant fraction of porosity in the structure of reactor-grade graphite. To account for the porosity effect on the cross sections, classical molecular dynamics (MD) techniques were employed to simulate graphite structures with porosity concentrations of 10% and 30%, which are taken to be representative of reactor-grade graphite. The phonon density of states for the porous systems were generated as the power spectrum of the MD velocity autocorrelation functions. The analysis revealed that for porous graphite the phonon density of states exhibit a rise in the lower frequency region that is relevant to neutron thermalization. Using the generated phonon density of states, the inelastic thermal neutron scattering cross sections were calculated using the NJOY code system. While marked discrepancies exist between measurements and calculations based on ideal graphite models, favorable agreement is found between the calculations based on the porous graphite models and measured data.
Internationalizing community colleges: Barriers and strategies

This chapter examines variables that make international education an essential component for community colleges and identifies barriers to institutionalization.
Factors that are associated with clinically overt postpartum urinary retention after vaginal delivery

Abstract Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of clinically overt postpartum urinary retention after vaginal delivery and to examine what maternal, fetal, and obstetric factors are associated with this problem. Study Design: This was a retrospective case-controlled study of women who had overt postpartum urinary retention after vaginal delivery from August 1992 through April 2000. Results: Fifty-one of 11,332 (0.45%) vaginal deliveries were complicated by clinically overt postpartum urinary retention. In most cases (80.4%), the problem had resolved before hospital dismissal. Persons with urinary retention were more likely than control subjects to be primiparous (66.7% vs 40.0%; P P P P Conclusion: Clinically overt postpartum urinary retention complicates approximately 1 in 200 vaginal deliveries, with most resolving before hospital dismissal. Factors that are independently associated with its occurrence include instrument-assisted delivery and regional analgesia. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:430-3.)
Puzzles for ZFEL, McShea and Brandon's Zero Force Evolutionary Law

In their 2010 book, Biology’s First Law, D. McShea and R. Brandon present a principle that they call “ZFEL,” the zero force evolutionary law. ZFEL says (roughly) that when there are no evolutionary forces acting on a population, the population’s complexity (i.e., how diverse its member organisms are) will increase. Here we develop criticisms of ZFEL and describe a different law of evolution; it says that diversity and complexity do not change when there are no evolutionary causes.
Different concentrations of pertussis toxin have opposite effects on agonist-induced PGE2 formation in mesangial cells

Pertussis toxin may inactivate N proteins linked to phospholipase C. We examined the effect of pretreatment with pertussis toxin at different concentrations and times on agonist-induced PGE2 synthesis in mesangial cells. Two to four hours with 10–50 ng/ml of pertussis toxin inhibited the response to angiotensin and platelet activating factor, but with a different sensitivity. This was associated with decreased [14C]arachidonic acid release in prelabeled cells. The response to A23187 was unaltered. At high concentrations (1 to 5 ug/ml) pertussis toxin increased basal PGE2 and the response to all agonists. Pertussis toxin pretreatment resulted in a dose-dependent ribosylation of a 40 kDa protein band. Thus, responses to different agonists have different sensitivity to pertussis toxin inhibition, which at high concentrations may even have opposite effects.
Legacy and contemporary persistent organic pollutants in North Pacific albatross

Here we report the first measurements of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE 47, 99, and 153) alongside 11 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 28 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the plasma of albatross from breeding colonies distributed across a large spatial east-west gradient in the North Pacific Ocean. North Pacific albatross are wide-ranging, top-level consumers that forage in pelagic regions of the North Pacific Ocean, making them an ideal sentinel species for detection and distribution of marine contaminants. Our work on contaminant burdens in albatross tissue provides information on transport of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to the remote North Pacific and serves as a proxy for regional environmental quality. We sampled black-footed (Phoebastria nigripes; n = 20) and Laysan albatross (P. immutabilis; n = 19) nesting on Tern Island, Hawaii, USA, and Laysan albatross (n = 16) nesting on Guadalupe Island, Mexico. Our results indicate that North Pacific albatross are highly exposed to both PCBs and OCPs, with levels ranging from 8.8 to 86.9 ng/ml wet weight and 7.4 to 162.3 ng/ml wet weight, respectively. A strong significant gradient exists between Laysan albatross breeding in the Eastern Pacific, having approximately 1.5-fold and 2.5-fold higher levels for PCBs and OCPs, respectively, compared to those from the Central Pacific. Interspecies levels of contaminants within the same breeding site also showed high variation, with Tern black-footed albatross having approximately threefold higher levels of both PCBs and OCPs than Tern Laysan albatross. Surprisingly, while PBDEs are known to travel long distances and bioaccumulate in wildlife of high trophic status, we detected these three PBDE congeners only at trace levels ranging from not detectable (ND) to 0.74 ng/ml wet weight in these albatross. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2562–2569. © 2011 SETAC
Algebraic and transfer-function criteria of fixed-time controllability of delay-differential systems.

Sufficient algebraic and transfer-function criteria of fixed-time controllability of linear time-invariant delay-differential system of the form [xdot](t) = Ax(t) + Bx(t-h) + Cu(t),x(t)∊Rn u(t)eRm are given. It is shown that those criteria are also necessary if the system is pointwise complete. It is known that if (1) rank B=l, (2) rank B = n,(3) n = 2, the above system is always point-wise complete and in these cases the algebraic and transfer function criteria of fixed-time controllability are both necessary and sufficient.
The design of an emulator for a parallel machine language

A paradigm is developed for structuring a complex emulator operating in a parallel hardware environment. This paradigm is based on the view that a complex emulator is best structured as of a set of microprocesses, each performing a small independent task, that interact in a closely-coupled manner. This is in contrast to the conventional method of structuring an emulator as a set of subroutines with a sequential flow of control among them. The design of an emulator for a parallel machine language (i.e. Adam's Graph Machine Language) using the new paradigm is discussed in detail, including the dynamic execution characteristics of the emulator in a parallel hardware environment. The analysis indicates that, given an appropriate microcomputer architecture, this structuring allows an emulator for a parallel machine language to be naturally and compactly coded and to fully map parallelism at the emulated machine language level into parallelism at the hardware level. In particular, it has been shown that an emulator can be structured so as to utilize well more than sixteen identical microprocessors. In addition, the emulator uses the idea of tailoring an emulator's control structure both to the emulated machine language and dynamically to the specific program being emulated.
Post-fault control technique for multi-phase PM motor drives under short-circuit faults

In this paper, a post-fault control technique is proposed for multi-phase permanent-magnet (PM) machine drives under short-circuit faults. Purpose of the proposed fault-tolerant control (FTC) is to find a general closed-form solution for healthy phase currents under steady-state post-fault conditions. Healthy phase currents are found through an optimization problem which tries to produce ripple-free output torque with minimum ohmic losses. A five-phase PM machine is used as an example to investigate validity of the proposed solutions through finite-element-analysis (FEA) and experimental tests. Proposed method is a great tool to evaluate fault-tolerant capability of different designs for drive system in terms of maximum available ripple-free torque and power losses. Thanks to its simplicity and flexibility, It is also well-suited for real-time implementation.
Warfarin-related purple toes syndrome and cholesterol microembolization

The "purple toes syndrome" is a rare complication of oral anticoagulant therapy. Four patients who presented with "purple toes syndrome" several weeks after warfarin therapy was initiated are described. The diagnosis of cholesterol microembolization was made by biopsy in three cases. Malignant hypertension and renal failure developed in two patients who died within three to six months of onset of purple toes. Postmortem examination in one of these patients showed widespread cholesterol microembolization. Renal failure has not developed in the other two patients, who are doing well. These biopsy and autopsy results suggest that the warfarin-related "purple toes syndrome" is due to cholesterol microembolization.
Surface Modification Of Microporous Polypropylene Membrane By Uv-Initiated Grafting With Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate

Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) was grafted, through UV-initiated grafting, onto a microporous polypropylene (PP) membrane in order to develop a moisture-sensitive porous structure. Based on the concentration of the PEGDA grafting solution, as well as other variables, the pores of the membrane were filled to varying degrees with cross-linked PEGDA hydrogel, decreasing the pore sizes. This decrease in pore size was highly dependent on the grafting degree (weight add-on of the grafted polymer) that was dependent upon grafting conditions. Grafting with PEGDA resulted in a microporous polypropylene membrane with increased hydrophilicity and moisture-responsive pores. The functional membrane can be used in biological protective materials to limit the transport of liquid-borne pathogens while maintaining moisture transport properties.
Differential distribution of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the spinal trigeminal nucleus after noxious and innocuous thermal and chemical stimulation of rat cornea.

Abstract Corneal afferent nerves project to two spatially distinct sites within the spinal trigeminal nucleus: the subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis transition and the subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical spinal cord transition. The role of these two regions in processing corneal input is uncertain. To determine if neurons in these regions encode different features of an applied corneal stimulus, immunoreactivity for the immediate early gene protein product, Fos, was quantified in barbiturate-anesthetized rats. Intensity was varied across thermal (thermal probe 5, 35, 42, 52°C; radiant heat of ∼45°C) stimuli and compared with that seen after mustard oil (5 μl, 20%) or mineral oil application. All stimuli increased the number of Fos-positive neurons located at the ventrolateral pole of the subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis transition compared with unstimulated controls. By contrast, only 52°C thermal probe and mustard oil produced an additional peak of Fos-positive neurons within the superficial laminae at the subnucleus caudalis/cervical cord transition. Further, the magnitudes of the bimodal peaks of Fos produced by 52°C thermal probe and mustard oil stimuli were different quantitatively. Mustard oil caused a greater Fos response at the subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis transition than 52°C thermal probe stimulation, whereas the opposite was true at the subnucleus caudalis/cervical cord transition. Double-labeling revealed that Fos immunoreactive neurons within the spinal trigeminal nucleus were restricted to regions densely labeled for calcitonin gene-related peptide. These results indicate that select features of corneal stimuli such as modality are encoded differently by neurons in the trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis transition compared with those located in the subnucleus caudalis/cervical cord transition. It is likely that neurons in these two brainstem regions subserve different aspects of corneal sensation.
Computer diagnosis in a vascular diagnostic laboratory

Abstract The use of a computer in the management of patient data from a noninvasive vascular diagnostic laboratory (VDL) is described. Employing a diagnostic approach based upon both physician's thought processes and statistical analysis, a natural language report is produced which mimics the physician's usual diagnostic summary. The programming strategy couples a lexicon of phrases to a diagnostic algorithm and uses a formatter subroutine to structure the output. Evaluation of the use of this system in analyzing the last 160 patients studied for carotid artery occlusive disease at the VDL indicated that no alteration of the computer-generated report other than embellishing remarks was required in 86% of the cases. The system appears to be cost-effective when compared to the former data management method.
Opportunistic MAC Protocols for Cognitive Radio Based Wireless Networks

Recently, cognitive radio technology has attracted more and more attention since it is a novel and effective approach to improve the utilization of the precious radio spectrum. We propose MAC protocols for the cognitive radio based wireless networks. Specifically, the cognitive MAC protocols allow secondary users to identify and use the available frequency spectrum in a way that constrains the level of interference to the primary users. In our schemes, each secondary user is equipped with two transceivers. One of the transceivers is tuned to a dedicated control channel, while the other is used as a cognitive radio that can periodically sense and dynamically use an identified available channels. Our proposed schemes integrate the spectrum sensing at the PHY layer and packet scheduling at the MAC layer. Our schemes smoothly coordinate the two transceivers of the secondary users to enable them to collaboratively sense and dynamically utilize the available frequency spectrum.
Suppression of plasmodium berghei parasitaemia and enhancement in survival by reticuloendothelial stimulation

Abstract 1. 1. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) at a dosage of 25 μg. per mouse stimulated the reticuloendothelial system (RES) without inducing RE organ hypertrophy. Associated with the increased phagocytic activity was a decreased Plasmodium berghei NYU-2 parasitaemia and an enhanced mean survival time. 2. 2. The trisaccharide melezitose (1 mg. per mouse) similarly stimulated the RES without inducing any RE organ hypertrophy, and decreased the P. berghei parasitaemia and enhanced the mean survival time. 3. 3. The enhanced phagocytic activity in the diethylstilbestrol- and melezitose-treated mice was specifically attributed to an increased Kupffer cell phagocytosis.