cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SU‐FF‐T‐29: Application of Optically‐Stimulated‐Luminescence Dosimeters in Partial‐Breast‐Irradiation Brachytherapy

Purpose: To study the application of in‐vivo optically‐stimulated‐luminescence (OSL)dosimeters in high‐dose‐rate (HDR) partial‐breast‐irradiation (PBI) brachytherapy.Methods and Materials: In PBI brachytherapytreatment planning using HDR Ir‐192, one of the organs at risk is the skin. With the recent clinical introduction of multi‐dwell position and multi‐lumen PBI treatment devices, optimization dose algorithms allow improved treatment volume (PTV‐EVAL) dose distributions. However this gain in improved tumor volume coverage may oftentimes be at the risk of increasing the overlying skintissues to radiation tolerance doses. Hence, there is increasing concern to validate the calculated skindose with experimental in‐vivo determinations. Using Landauer OSL chip dosimeters, we clinically measured the dose to a reference point in the skin surface and correlated this measured dose with our treatment planning computer predictions. Location of calculation points was validated using surface markers via computed tomography. Care was taken to provide 1‐cm thickness of 4 × 4‐cm2‐area backscatter‐factor material. Results: The chip dosimeters were calibrated using a 6‐MV‐linear‐accelerator‐photon beam. Mean dose measured values on two patients to date were within 3% of error with respect to the planned values. Conclusions: OSLdosimetry provided a direct way to measure in‐vivo doses for HDR brachytherapy procedures, verifying accuracy for 380‐keV average photon energy. Our treatment protocol now includes these dosimeters for estimation of skindose. We will discuss specific energy response differences and dose calibration procedures for the OSLdosimeter for application using HDR Ir‐192 brachytherapy. Accuracy, versatility of placement and straightforward way of reading these dosimeters make them a valuable alternative to thermo‐luminescence, diode and MOSFET‐based dosimeters. Conflict of interest: This study is sponsored by Landauer, Inc., Glenwood, Illinois
Distribution of elements in biotite-hornblende pairs and in an orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene pair from zoned plutons, northern Sierra Nevada, California

Distribution of major and minor elements has been determined for five hornblende-biotite pairs from hornblende-biotite quartz diorite and monzotonalite and for a clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene pair from pyroxene diorite collected from the border zones and centers of zoned plutons in the northern Sierra Nevada, California. The distribution coefficients K d [Mg/Fe] for biotite/hornblende are of the same magnitude (0.61–0.67) for both the mafic border zone and the silicic center. For comparison, K D [Mg/Fe] values for biotite/hornblende from plutonic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada and the southern California batholith were calculated from data published by others. Rocks of the oldest age group (ca. 150 m.y.) in the central Sierra Nevada have an average distribution coefficient, K D , of 0.64, close to the average K D in the study area, where K-Ar dates are 143 to 129 m.y. The intermediate age group has an average K D =0.81, and the youngest group has K D =0.77. K D [Mg/Fe] for biotite/hornblende from the southern California batholith is 0.83, close to the average of the intermediate age group in the central Sierra Nevada. The calculated difference in pressure of crystallization between rocks of the Feather River area and the southern California batholith is 1 kb; the rocks of the Feather River area being crystallized at a higher pressure. This is in good agreement with the low-pressure contact metamorphism in the south (pyroxene hornfels facies), as compared with a medium-pressure metamorphism around the northern plutons, where andalusitesillimanite-cordierite and andalusite-staurolite subfacies of the amphibolite facies indicate pressures of about 4 kb. Trace elements Cr, V, Ni, Co, Ga are distributed equally between biotite and hornblende, whereas Ba and possibly Cu are concentrated in biotite and Sr and Sc and possibly Zr in hornblende.
Maxillary removal and reinsertion: A favorable approach for extensive anterior cranial base tumors

Abstract Objective To analyze the long-term results and the complications related to an expanded series of maxillary removal and reinsertion (MRRI) with 18-year surgical experience. Study Design Case series with chart review of the MRRI patients in the last 18 years. Setting The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute. Subjects and Methods Seventy-eight patients who underwent MRRI from February 1990 through February 2007. The median age was 51 years (range 11-77 yrs). Sixty-two (80%) patients had malignant lesions. Results MRRI has been successfully completed in all 78 patients, with no intraoperative mortality. The most commonly encountered malignant neoplasm was squamous cell cancer (40.3%), followed by esthesioneuroblastoma (24.1%), adenoid cystic cancer (8%), and other neoplasms (27.4%). The most commonly encountered postoperative complication was diplopia, which has persisted in five (6.4%) patients in the short-term and in three (4%) patients in the long-term follow-up. Nasal asymmetry was the most common long-term complication (17.9%), followed by plate-associated problems (10.2%) and midface asymmetry (10.2%). Overall five-year survival for the patients with squamous cell carcinoma was 62 percent. Conclusion MRRI is a favorable surgical technique for the treatment of anterior cranial base (ACB) tumors in adults and even in children. It improves operative morbidity by preserving both function and form of the maxillary region and gives excellent exposure to ACB.
First Report of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Telia on Kudzu in the United States.

Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & Sydow was first reported in the continental United States during 2004 (2). By 10 November 2005, the disease was confirmed in eight southern states (Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, Louisiana, and Texas). Diagnoses have been based on visual observation of uredinia and urediniospores of the pathogen followed by polymerase chain reaction confirmation. On 10 November 2005, uredinia and telia were identified on leaves of kudzu (Pueraria lobata) in central Florida. Telia first were noted as dark brown-to-black flecks on the abaxial leaf surface intermingled with abundant tan-to-light brown uredinia. Of 200 leaves examined, 143 (72%) had telia. The number of telia ranged from a few (1/cm2) that were scattered to many (73/cm2). Telia were approximately the same diameter as uredinia, but were appressed to the leaf surface and pigmented. Twenty telia were excised from host tissue with the aid of a dissecting microscope an...
Crack branching in cross-ply composites: an experimental study

Abstract The objective of this research is to discuss experimental data regarding a type of failure called crack branching. The specimens tested are layered glass/epoxy and graphite/epoxy cross-ply composites, manufactured with an initial interlayer crack. Experiments were carried out under static conditions. A designed two-level two-variable experiment based on an 8×8 Hadamard matrix was performed in order to identify the key parameters of the phenomenon. Moreover, a smoothing technique (smoothing by running median of 3 repeated) was used to interpret the crack growth rate in terms of branching angles. The results indicate that there is a critical branching angle (39–40°). When the crack branches with an angle greater than this critical value, the crack growth rate increases with the branching angle. Moreover, the branching angle increases when the initial delamination decreases, for branching angles greater than the critical value. The position through the thickness does not seem to significantly affect the branching angle.
An evidence‐based approach to the use of rotational and directional coronary atherectomy in the era of drug‐eluting stents: When does it make sense?

Advances in percutaneous interventions have profoundly changed the way we manage patients with coronary and peripheral arterial disease. Though the use of stents, particularly drug-eluting stents, is the preferred method for revascularization because of ease of use and lower restenosis rates, there are many short comings. Ostial and bifurcation lesions as well as heavily calcified and tortuous arteries remain problematic. Mechanical debulking with rotational and direct coronary atherectomy may be beneficial in these situations. In this review, we present the general concepts of mechanical debulking and attempt to summarize the available data on its use in the setting of drug-eluting stents. In addition, we will discuss its special role in the management of peripheral arterial disease.
Exploration of the motivation for and knowledge of preservation practices for personal digital artifacts

Libraries and other cultural institutions are very aware of the crisis in digital preservation and are taking steps to preserve our collective cultural heritage. In contrast, most individual consumers are much less aware of the impermanent state of their digital possessions. As a result, valuable representations of personal memories intended for future generations will be lost through ignorance and/or benign neglect. This research will explore user behavior as it relates to the preservation of personal digital objects. We seek to understand: value and digital objects, what steps individuals are taking towards preservation, and how preservation decisions are informed. The theory of information source horizons will be used to examine the criteria for value and the relationship between the continuum of physical and digital artifacts. Qualitative research methods will be used to explore the behaviors, attitudes and beliefs of individuals regarding digital preservation. In the first phase of this research, 12 semi-structured interviews will be conducted with Friends Groups' members of a large urban public library. Analysis of the interview transcripts will lead to insights into the affective and cognitive issues surrounding personal digital artifacts in their own right and in comparison to personal physical artifacts. Further, the analysis will provide insight regarding the contexts in which individuals value information and how that sense of value impacts both the organization of and preservation of personal information.
A He-diffraction study of hydrogen chemisorption on Ni(113)

Abstract Analyses of He-diffraction intensities for clean Ni(113) and for the (1 × 1) phase of H yield the two-dimensional surface corrugation functions from which the approximate adsorption position of the H adatoms can be deduced: the shape of the corrugation hills of the H (1 × 1)-ordered phase as well as their amplitudes and widths indicate that the hydrogen prefers to occupy the threefold coordinated sites on the (111) microfacets instead of the competing fourfold sites on the (100) facets.
Boundary conditions for phase transitions and interfacial reactions

Abstract Si et al. [1] pointed out that it was inappropriate to use continuity of displacement at interfaces during phase transitions or in the case of reactions at interfaces as in the case of oxidation, since appropriate reference configurations cannot be identified. They instead derived a new compatibility constraint, when atleast one of the adjoining phases is crystalline. The test of these ideas offered by Slattery et al. [2] was successful, but it likely was too simple, since the deformations were so small. A more stringent and successful test has recently been offered by [3]. Here, we analyze oxidation on the surface of a cylinder both using an extension of the compatibility constraint and using continuity of displacement, comparing the results with the experimental observations of Imbrie and Lagoudas [4].
The Adjunct/Full-Time Faculty Ratio.

Are part-time faculty vital, experienced professionals who add to the quality of the private junior college experience, or are they hired to ease the salary burden on the budget? The answer is elusive.
Okadaic Acid, Vanadate, and Phenylarsine Oxide Stimulate 2-Deoxyglucose Transport in Insulin-Resistant Human Skeletal Muscle

In response to insulin, several proteins are phosphorylated on tyrosine and on serine/threonine residues. Decreased phosphorylation of signaling peptides by a defective insulin receptor kinase may be a cause of insulin resistance. Accordingly, inhibition of the appropriate phosphatases might increase the phosphorylation state of these signaling peptides and thereby elicit increased glucose transport. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid and the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors phenylarsine oxide and vanadate on 2-deoxyglucose transport in insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle. All three phosphatase inhibitors stimulated 2-deoxyglucose transport in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. These data suggest that these compounds have bypassed a defect in at least one of the signaling pathways leading to glucose transport. Furthermore, maximal transport rates induced by the simultaneous presence of insulin and phosphatase inhibitor in insulin-resistant muscle were equal to insulin-stimulated rates in lean control subjects. However, both vanadate alone and vanadate plus insulin stimulated 2-deoxyglucose transport significantly more in insulin-sensitive tissue than in insulin-resistant tissue. These results demonstrate that although vanadate is able to stimulate glucose transport in insulin-resistant muscle, it is not able to normalize transport to the same rate achieved in insulin-sensitive muscle.
Modifying Parent-Child Interaction: Enhancing the Development of Handicapped Children:

This paper describes the Transactional Intervention Program (TRIP), an intervention curriculum designed to modify patterns of interaction between parents and their young handicapped children. Issues that were considered in designing the program are discussed, and evaluation data on a group of 41 handicapped children and their parents are presented. Data indicate that parent-child interaction is an important and legitimate focus for early intervention. At the same time, the data illustrate the complex nature of parent-child interaction and underscore the difficulty of developing and evaluating interventions designed to modify it.
Cloud computing for detecting high-order genome-wide epistatic interaction via dynamic clustering

Taking the advan tage of high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping technology, large genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been considered to hold promise for unravelling complex relationships between genotype and phenotype. At present, traditional single-locus-based methods are insufficient to detect interactions consisting of multiple-locus, which are broadly existing in complex traits. In addition, statistic tests for high order epistatic interactions with more than 2 SNPs propose computational and analytical challenges because the computation increases exponentially as the cardinality of SNPs combinations gets larger. In this paper, we provide a simple, fast and powerful method using dynamic clustering and cloud computing to detect genome-wide multi-locus epistatic interactions. We have constructed systematic experiments to compare powers performance against some recently proposed algorithms, including TEAM, SNPRuler, EDCF and BOOST. Furthermore, we have applied our method on two real GWAS datasets, Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) datasets, where we find some novel potential disease-related genetic factors which are not shown up in detections of 2-loci epistatic interactions. Experimental results on simulated data demonstrate that our method is more powerful than some recently proposed methods on both two- and three-locus disease models. Our method has discovered many novel high-order associations that are significantly enriched in cases from two real GWAS datasets. Moreover, the running time of the cloud implementation for our method on AMD dataset and RA dataset are roughly 2 hours and 50 hours on a cluster with forty small virtual machines for detecting two-locus interactions, respectively. Therefore, we believe that our method is suitable and effective for the full-scale analysis of multiple-locus epistatic interactions in GWAS.
Antipsychotic Drugs Inhibit Prolactin Release from Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells in Culture by a Mechanism Not Involving the Dopamine Receptor

Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, inhibited secretion of PRL and did not affect GH release from rat anterior pituitary cells in culture. The reversal of this inhibition of PRL release by butaclamol, a dopamine antagonist, was stereospecific; 10 nM d-butaclamol completely reversed the inhibition caused by 10 nM bromocriptine, while l-butaclamol had no effect at concentrations up to 10 JUM. However, both enantiomers at 10 μM inhibited PRL release to 30% and GH release to 91% of control values. Two other dopamine antagonists also inhibited hormone release. Haloperidol (10 μM) inhibited PRL release to 23% of control values and did not affect GH release; 3.3 μM pimozide inhibited PRL and GH release to 18% and 38% of control values, respectively. These data indicate that.the inhibition of PRL by antipsychotic drugs is not mediated through the dopamine receptor.
There's no place like home: Domestic domains and urban imaginaries in New Haven, Connecticut

In this article, I attempt to adumbrate shifting race, class, and gender politics in the United States through a “world in a grain of sand” focus on one American city and through the fulcrum of what Marx labeled the “historical and moral element” that must always be considered in gauging class formation and capitalist development: the gendered construction, across class and race, of the workings of the “proper home.” In so doing, I both document ethnographically the counter-empirical nature of much public–cultural representation of American race/class/gender lived realities and demonstrate the ways in which we can and should consider “the political” both in terms of our older understandings of politics and political organizations and in the newer sense of cultural politics—but without succumbing to the etiolated idealism of political economy-less postmodernism.
Synthesis of virus-specific polymers in adenovirus-infected cells; effect of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.

Biochemical synthesis in adenovirus-infected HeLa cells was studied utilizing 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FUDR), a potent inhibitor of deoxyribonucleic acid production. Synthesis of saline-soluble DNA and infectious virus was completely suppressed by addition of the analogue to cells as late as 10 hours after infection. The inhibitory effect of this compound was totally reversed by addition of 10–6 M thymidine to the culture medium. Synthesis of DNA essential for virus production began 10 hours after infection and was completed by 16 hours after infection. These data support the hypothesis that the saline-soluble DNA is a precursor of infectious virus particles. Studies of antigen production indicated that formation of virus-specific proteins was directly dependent upon synthesis of DNA.
Design trade-offs for the last stage of an unregulated, long-channel CMOS off-chip driver with simultaneous switching noise and switching time considerations

Design trade-off relations for the last stage of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) off-chip driver that meets a prespecified normalized maximum simultaneous switching ground noise and a prespecified normalized time when the switched N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (NMOST) leaves the saturation region are provided in this paper. To maintain system performance with control of 90-10% fall time and/or 10-90% rise time, the proposed trade-off relations are then modified numerically for design with prespecified fall/rise time. The proposed trade-offs relate the normalized simultaneous switching noise and the normalized switching time to driver size, load capacitance, ground/power path inductance, number of switching drivers, and input signal rise time. It will be shown that a dimensionless analysis method allows design to be extended to a variety of systems that share the same dimensionless performance. Such a feature will be demonstrated by SPICE simulations of circuits based upon the proposed design relations and MOS1 model, which agrees well with the design goals.
Modeling Schizophrenia Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived and Fibroblast-Induced Neurons

Although schizophrenia affects a number of brain regions and produces a range of clinical symptoms, we believe its origins lie at the level of single neurons and simple networks. Owing to this, as well as to its high degree of heritability, we hypothesize that schizophrenia is amenable to cell-based studies in vitro. Using induced pluripotent stem cell–derived neurons and/or fibroblast-induced neurons, a limitless quantity of live human neurons can now be generated from patient skin biopsies. We predict that cell-based studies will ultimately contribute to our understanding of the molecular and cellular underpinnings of this debilitating disorder.
EFFECT OF POLYMER, ROAD SURFACE, AND DRIVING CONDITIONS ON WEAR SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF TIRE TREADS

Treads made with emulsion styrene butadiene copolymer (SBR), solution SBR, polybutadieme (BR), and a 60, 40 emulsion SBR/BR mixture were built as four-way tread sections on G78-15 belted bias tires, which were driven over both concrete and gravel-textured highways and on a small, circular, concrete test track. The tires were front mounted. When driven on concrete highway, all except the BR tread had either crumbled- or liquid-appearing surfaces, thought to have been formed by mechanical degradation or fatigue. When cornered on concrete, these materials formed small cyindrical particles or rolls. The BR tread had a smooth, granular-textured surface when driven on concrete highway and a ridge or sawtooth abrasion pattern when cornered on concrete. All the materials appeared rough and torn when run on gravel-textured highway. The differences in wear surface formed on BR tread and the other three are thought to be due primarily to the relatively high resilience of BR. /Author/
Crystallization of polymers under high tension: A dendrite model

The crystallization of highly oriented homopolymer melts (or glasses) is modeled. It is shown that in such cases heat flow controls the kinetics and microstructure of the transforming material. The situation is modeled similarly to the growth of a thermal dendrite, with the inclusion of large and variable concentrations of defects in the fibrillar crystals. Expressions relating the undercooling, growth velocity, filament tip radius, and defect concentration to a normalized tensile force are derived. Example predictions for the case of isotactic polystyrene are given.
Getting more out of radiation therapy in glioblastoma.

While radiation therapy has been standard of care for newly diagnosed glioblastoma for several decades, it only delays but does not prevent recurrence of these aggressive tumors. Therefore, the identification and targeting of factors allowing glioblastoma cells to escape the deleterious effects of radiation is essential to allow this therapeutic modality to fulfill its potential. In an elegant study published in 2010, the Brown lab reported that irradiation induces recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) into glioblastoma to form blood vessels de novo, a process defined as vasculogenesis, in contrast to angiogenesis which involves the remodeling of existing vessels in the tumor bed.1 In that study, pharmacologic inhibition of HIF-1 or of the interaction between the chemokine stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1, CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 prevented the influx of BMDCs, primarily CD11b+ myelomonocytes, and the development of functional tumor vasculature after radiation, resulting in abrogation of tumor regrowth.1 Now, in a follow-up study entitled “Blockade of SDF-1 after irradiation inhibits tumor recurrences of autochthonous brain tumors in rats” published in this issue of Neuro-Oncology2, Liu and colleagues from that same group sought to improve upon limitations previously reported when they1 and others3 targeted the SDF-1/CXCR4 interaction using the small molecule CXCR4 inhibitor plerixafor (AMD3100). Specifically, the authors noted that endothelial cells in tumors like glioblastoma express high levels of CXCR7, the more recently discovered second receptor for SDF-1.4 Of note, besides its blockade of CXCR4, plerixafor is actually an allosteric agonist of CXCR7,5 which can signal through β-arrestin and may activate the endothelium leading to increased invasiveness of cancer cells.6 The authors therefore investigated combining radiation therapy with NOX-A12, 45 L-enantiomeric RNA nucleotides which form a structural scaffold that recognizes SDF-1 with high affinity and thus efficiently blocks the chemokine's interaction with CXCR4 and CXCR7 (Figure 1). They showed that NOX-A12 inhibits SDF-1 dependent chemotaxis of CXCR4 myelomonocytes and SDF-1 dependent CXCR7 internalization in endothelial cells. Open in a separate window Fig. 1. Dual receptors lead to dual functions of SDF-1 (CXCL12) in glioblastoma vasculogenesis after radiation therapy. Irradiated tumor cells secrete SDF-1, which binds CXCR4 expressed by marrow-derived myelomonocytes and CXCR7 expressed by marrow-derived endothelial precursors, which together participate in vasculogenesis.
Cotargeting survival signaling pathways in cancer

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a component of a signaling pathway (PTEN/PI3K/AKT) that is frequently dysregulated in cancer. However, its precise relationship to the MAPK cascade (Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK), another pathway often implicated in tumorigenesis, has not been well defined. Recent evidence from tissue specimens obtained from patients who have received mTOR inhibitors suggests that ERK may be activated in response to mTOR interruption. In this issue of the JCI, Waugh Kinkade et al. and Carracedo et al. examine the relationship between these pathways in prostate and breast cancer cell model systems (see the related articles beginning on pages 3051 and 3065, respectively). Their findings suggest a link between inhibition of mTOR and ERK activation, possibly reflecting interruption of a novel negative S6K1-dependent feedback loop. Significantly, both groups observed that simultaneous inhibition of MEK/ERK and mTOR resulted in substantially enhanced antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. Together, these findings suggest that concurrent interruption of complementary signaling pathways warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.
Cortical Organization of Language and Verbal Memory Based on Intraoperative Investigations

The traditional model of the cortical organization of language was developed in the latter half of the nineteenth century by pooling data on the location of brain damage, particularly as a result of strokes, associated with disturbed language. Essential language areas were usually lateralized to the left hemisphere. Within that hemisphere, the model included the posterior third of the inferior frontal gyrus as an area for language expression (Broca’s area) and a larger area in posterior superior and middle temporal gyri and adjacent parietal operculum for language understanding (Wernicke’s area) (Broca 1861; Wernicke 1874). In more recent versions of this model, the Broca and Wernicke language areas are joined by major white matter pathways, where lesions also disturb language (transcortical aphasias). These pathways provide for serial processing of language from decoding in Wernicke’s area to expression in Broca’s (Geschwind 1970). This model has received support from recent imaging-based studies of brain lesions associated with aphasias (Damasio 1988) and from statistical assessments of formal measure of language deficits with cortical lesions (Kertesz-Phipps 1977). However, other recent studies of these same types of patients have raised questions about major features of the traditional model, including evidence that permanent motor language deficits usually require lesions that extend well beyond Broca’s area, into inferior parietal and superior temporal lobe (Mohr 1976), and that language deficits after frontal lesion include not only expressive problems but also a receptive deficit, particularly for syntax (Goodglass 1976).
Hinweise für die Einführung eines MUS

Fur die erfolgreiche Implementierung eines Management-Unterstutzungssystems gibt es kein eindeutiges Vorgehen, man kann jedoch aus der Summe der Erfahrungen mit verschiedenen Projekten — wie sie auch in diesem Buch beschrieben sind — Empfehlungen geben, welches die unabdingbaren Voraussetzungen im Unternehmen fur ein erfolgreiches MUS-Projekt sind und worauf man bei den einzelnen Projektschritten achten sollte, wenn man mit dem Projekt beginnt.
Design and fabrication of SiC MESFET transistor and broadband power amplifier for RF applications

A SiC MESFET package and a prototype power amplifier module were demonstrated with P/sub 1dB/ output power of 26 W and 35 W, respectively. High power and high power gain were maintained through 950 MHz to 1500 MHz L-band operation across 500 MHz bandwidth for the SiC PA module, which is a critical challenge to other semiconductor devices.
Mathematical modeling of the heat-shock response in HeLa cells.

The heat-shock response is a key factor in diverse stress scenarios, ranging from hyperthermia to protein folding diseases. However, the complex dynamics of this physiological response have eluded mathematical modeling efforts. Although several computational models have attempted to characterize the heat-shock response, they were unable to model its dynamics across diverse experimental datasets. To address this limitation, we mined the literature to obtain a compendium of in vitro hy- perthermia experiments investigating the heat-shock response in HeLa cells. We identified mechanisms previously discussed in the experimental literature, such as temperature-dependent transcription, translation, and heat-shock factor (HSF) oligomeriza- tion, as well as the role of heat-shock protein mRNA, and constructed an expanded mathematical model to explain the temper- ature-varying DNA-binding dynamics, the presence of free HSF during homeostasis and the initial phase of the heat-shock response, and heat-shock protein dynamics in the long-term heat-shock response. In addition, our model was able to consis- tently predict the extent of damage produced by different combinations of exposure temperatures and durations, which were validated against known cellular-response patterns. Our model was also in agreement with experiments showing that the num- ber of HSF molecules in a HeLa cell is roughly 100 times greater than the number of stress-activated heat-shock element sites, further confirming the model's ability to reproduce experimental results not used in model calibration. Finally, a sensitivity anal- ysis revealed that altering the homeostatic concentration of HSF can lead to large changes in the stress response without signif- icantly impacting the homeostatic levels of other model components, making it an attractive target for intervention. Overall, this model represents a step forward in the quantitative understanding of the dynamics of the heat-shock response.
Boundary between two Precambrian W terranes in Minnesota and its geologic significance

Minnesota lies astride two Precambrian W (lower Precambrian) terranes that differ in age, rock assemblages, metamorphic grade, and structural style. In northern Minnesota, greenstone-granite complexes 2,700 to 2,750 m.y. old, which are typical of the majority of the Canadian Shield, are exposed. These rocks trend northeastward, dip steeply, and typically produce narrow curvilinear aeromagnetic and gravity anomalies. In southwestern Minnesota, much older (3,550 m.y.) granulite-facies granitic and mafic gneisses, which are moderately flat-lying and produce relatively broad magnetic and gravity anomalies, are exposed through a window in the Phanerozoic cover in the Minnesota River valley. Similar gneiss, some of which has been dated radiometrically, is exposed sporadically in central Minnesota and is considered part of the same terrane as the gneiss in the Minnesota River valley. Judged from the outcrop pattern and available geophysical data, the boundary between the two terranes trends diagonally across central Minnesota, from approximately latitude 45°30′N at the western boundary to the vicinity of Duluth, on Lake Superior. We postulate that the volcanic and sedimentary rocks in the greenstone terrane accumulated adjacent to the pre-existing gneiss terrane, which 2,700 m.y. ago was part of a sialic protocontinent of moderate size. There is no geologic or geochemical evidence that these rocks were deposited on a sialic crust. The tectonic environment that existed 2,700 m.y. ago, when the greenstone-granite complexes were formed, is not known; there is no compelling evidence that they were formed in a plate tectonic regime.
α-Keto derivatives of amino acids as inhibitors of trypsinogen activation

Abstract Deaminated analogues of tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, and glutamic acid were found to possess a significant inhibitory effect on the autocatalytic activation of trypsinogen and also on the activation by enterokinase. The α-keto derivatives of the three aromatic amino acids were the strongest inhibitors in the group, and of these, p -hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid was the most active compound. In its ability to block both types of activation of trypsinogen, p -hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid was superior to γ-guanidinobutyric acid, the most effective inhibitor previously described. The inhibition of enterokinase was noncompetitive for p -hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and phenylpyruvic acid, but was competitive for indolepyruvic acid. In the autocatalytic reaction all three aromatic keto acids as well as γ-guanidinobutyric acid behaved as noncompetitive inhibitors. At a concentration of 10 −3 M the aromatic amino acids did not interfere with the caseinolytic activity of trypsin, though this concentration was sufficient to markedly inhibit the autocatalytic process. At the same concentration only indolepyruvic acid showed mild inhibition of the tryptic hydrolysis of tosyl-arginine methyl ester, and the kinetics were those of a noncompetitive reaction.
Head and Neck Ultrasound Education-A Multimodal Educational Approach in the Predoctoral Setting: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVES With the increased implementation of ultrasound in medical education, it is important to continually improve instructional methods. In this study, we demonstrate that by augmenting the traditional methods of instructor demonstration and student practice on a healthy volunteer with additional modalities, such as didactic presentation, simulated pathologic cases, and simulated procedures, students gain a more comprehensive understanding of and confidence in ultrasound technique and pathology. METHODS A multimodal curriculum was developed and applied to head and neck ultrasound sessions of our institution's Ultrasound Symposium. Participants were asked to fill out surveys rating each instructional modality as well as preinstructional and postinstructional confidence. The survey results were divided into a group of first- and second-year medical students who had previous ultrasound training and a group of third- and fourth-year students who were ultrasound "naive." RESULTS The survey showed that the first- and second-year student group (n = 8) had an average preinstructional confidence of 4.14/10 compared to 1.44/10 in the third- and fourth-year student group (n = 9) (P = .003). Following the instructional sessions, the students' confidence increased respectively to 8.14/10 and 7.78/10 (P= .53), showing a 4.00 (96%) increase in the first- and second-year group and a 6.34 (440%) increase in the third- and fourth-year group. The combined results of all student teaching modality ratings showed that instructor demonstration was rated the highest (9.47) and computerized simulation lowest (8.25). CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study shows that multimodal ultrasound instruction was beneficial in increasing both ultrasound-trained and ultrasound-naive medical students' confidence in head and neck ultrasound.
Identification of Arabidopsis GPAT9 (At5g60620) as an Essential Gene Involved in Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis

The first step in the biosynthesis of nearly all plant membrane phospholipids and storage triacylglycerols is catalyzed by a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT). The requirement for an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized GPAT for both of these critical metabolic pathways was recognized more than 60 years ago. However, identification of the gene(s) encoding this GPAT activity has remained elusive. Here, we present the results of a series of in vivo, in vitro, and in silico experiments in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) designed to assign this essential function to AtGPAT9. This gene has been highly conserved throughout evolution and is largely present as a single copy in most plants, features consistent with essential housekeeping functions. A knockout mutant of AtGPAT9 demonstrates both male and female gametophytic lethality phenotypes, consistent with the role in essential membrane lipid synthesis. Significant expression of developing seed AtGPAT9 is required for wild-type levels of triacylglycerol accumulation, and the transcript level is directly correlated to the level of microsomal GPAT enzymatic activity in seeds. Finally, the AtGPAT9 protein interacts with other enzymes involved in ER glycerolipid biosynthesis, suggesting the possibility of ER-localized lipid biosynthetic complexes. Together, these results suggest that GPAT9 is the ER-localized GPAT enzyme responsible for plant membrane lipid and oil biosynthesis.
Selection of powder or wire feedstock material for the laser cladding of Inconel® 625

Abstract The selection of the feedstock material form significantly affects the temperature and resulting distortion generated during laser cladding. An experimental investigation is undertaken to characterize the differences in temperature and deformation histories resulting from laser cladding using powder and wire. While both feedstock produce good quality clads, the powder clad is nearly twice as thick as the wire clad. In situ measurements show that the selection of a powder feedstock results in higher temperatures and greater deformation. However, characterization of the final distortion shows that each clad twists the substrate by nearly the same amount. Thermo-mechanical modeling of the process shows that the disparity in laser absorption efficiency is responsible for the variation in temperature between the powder and wire. Simulations of a multi-layer deposition show that although a single wire layer generates lower temperatures and less deformation than a single powder layer, the wire clad will actually produce greater total deformation because two layers are required to achieve the same thickness as the powder clad.
Progressive vertebral body osteolysis after cervical disc arthroplasty.

STUDY DESIGN Case report. OBJECTIVE To review the management of a patient with progressive osteolysis of the vertebral body after undergoing cervical arthroplasty for management of a refractory radiculopathy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Since the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval of cervical arthroplasty devices in 2007, many surgeons have incorporated this technology into clinical practice. As arthroplasty becomes more widespread, complications unique to this technology are inevitable. To date, only a limited number of complications have been reported in the literature suggesting the safety of this device. To the authors' knowledge, this report represents the first complication of osteolysis from a keel based arthroplasty device. METHODS A 30-year-old man underwent an uneventful C5-C6 total disc arthroplasty with initial benefit. Progressively worsening neck pain prompted repeat imaging at 9 and 15 months, which showed a progressive osteolytic process in the vicinity of the keel of the superior alloy endplate. This necessitated exploration of the surgical site, explantation of the implant and conversion of the disc arthroplasty to an arthrodesis. RESULTS Examination of the osteolytic area did not reveal any gross abnormalities. Testing of the device by the manufacturer did not reveal any defects. A comprehensive infectious workup was negative. The osteolytic process halted after the explantation of the device. A bony arthrodesis was achieved at 6 months and the patient remains symptom free 29 months after the initial procedure and 14 months after the revision. CONCLUSION This report illustrates an exceptional case of a progressive osteolysis with a keel based arthroplasty device. An immune mediated osteolytic process appears to be a plausible explanation for the clinical symptoms and radiographic progression seen in this case. Given the years of use of the ProDisc-C since its FDA approval in 2007, complications with this device are rare. This represents the first reported case of osteolysis from such an implant.
Southwestern Corn Borer: Oviposition Cage for Mass Production

A new system was developed for mass production of eggs of Diatraea grandiosella (Dyar) for use in plant resistance studies. The system utilizes large screen cages to which pupae are added weekly. This provides a continuous source of adults for oviposition. The moths oviposit on both sides of vertical wax paper sheets that are easily removed from the cages. A detailed account is given of the materials, construction, and daily operation of the cages. Also, the increased efficiency of the new system over the previous cage system is discussed.
The influence of heterogeneous exposure and pre-deliberation queries on pretrial publicity effects

ABSTRACTPrior research on pretrial publicity has produced mixed results and a roughly equal number of studies show an effect, show no effect, or show mixed results. We explored the effects of (a) homogenous vs. heterogeneous exposure (whether deliberating jurors were all exposed to the same publicity or not) and (b) pre-deliberation queries as potential contributors to mixed results. We found an effect for positive but not negative publicity on conviction rates but not evidence ratings. Exposure heterogeneity appears to explain these differences and pre-deliberation queries did appear to play some role in the obtained outcomes. Overall these findings do not replicate a robust publicity effect and future research should consider how homogeneous exposure and pre-deliberation opinion queries influence results.
Birefringence of hepatic pigment deposits in erythropoietic protoporphyria. Specificity of polarization microscopy in the identification of hepatic protoporphyrin deposits.

Based on a study of 7 cases, evidence is presented to show that the hepatic deposits of protoporphyrin characteristic of erythropoietic protoporphyria are crystalline in nature on electron microscopy and exhibit a distinctive type of birefringence not shared by any other pigment known to occur in the liver. The birefringence is readily demonstrable in routinely fixed and stained paraffin-embedded sections, and is as sensitive an indicator of protoporphyrin as red fluorescence. Moreover, because stained sections can be employed, polarization microscopy permits more precise localization of the deposits. It is concluded that polarization microscopy provides a rapid, highly sensitive and specific technique for the identification of hepatic protoporphyrin deposits, and has the advantage over fluorescence microscopy of not requiring frozen sections or equipment not available in all laboratories.
The role of surface modified TiO2 nanoparticles on the mechanical and thermal properties of CTBN toughened epoxy nanocomposite

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the role of surface modified TiO2 nanoparticles on the mechanical and thermal properties of rubber toughened epoxy nanocomposite. TiO2 nanoparticles were surface modified using 11-aminoundecyltriethoxysilane (TiO2-AUTES) and n-octyltriethoxysilane (TiO2-OTES) and the successful functionalization of nanoparticles was established by performing FTIR, contact angle, and TGA measurements. The graft density of silane groups on TiO2 nanoparticles was established to be 13.7 % for TiO2-AUTES and 11.4 % for TiO2-OTES. Functionalized TiO2 (fTiO2) was mixed with carboxyl-terminated butadiene (CTBN) toughened epoxy by ultrasonication followed by the addition of curing agent, and the overall mixture was blended with planetary shear mixer. The loss in the modulus of epoxy due to addition of rubber toughener was offset by the addition of nanoparticles. One of the significant findings of the work was the observed trend in the fracture energy of the samples: fTiO2 filled CTBN toughened epoxy >TiO2 filled CTBN toughened epoxy >TiO2 filled epoxy >CTBN toughened epoxy >epoxy resin. The findings of our work show promise for use of TiO2 nanoparticles in conjunction with CTBN toughener as fillers for improving the toughness of epoxy resin without comprising the tensile strength of advanced structural materials.
Empirical Determination of the Deductible

The preceding chapter recommends the use of a very high deductible as an alternative to BMS. The suggested deductible is much higher than values commonly used in automobile insurance. In this chapter, we use utility theory to determine the optimal value of a deductible. As deductibles are not commonly offered in third-party liability, the model uses automobile collision insurance data and terminology.
Pathogenesis of Kingella kingae Disease

The pathogenesis of Kingella kingae disease begins with colonization of the oropharynx, a process facilitated by type IV pili and a non-pilus trimeric autotransporter adhesin called Knh, factors that mediate adherence to respiratory epithelial cells. A potent RTX cytotoxin with broad cellular specificity may play a role in disrupting the epithelial barrier and facilitating invasion of the bloodstream, possibly in concert with a viral coinfection. Once in the bloodstream, the organism can disseminate to sites of invasive disease, primarily the joints, bones, and endocardium. Survival in the bloodstream and dissemination are likely aided by expression of a capsular polysaccharide and an exopolysaccharide galactan. The evidence for antigenic diversity of K. kingae surface exposed protein epitopes and the observation that type IV pili are selected against during invasive disease suggest that immune system pressure plays an important role in K. kingae pathogenicity.
Charge injection and resulting charge distributions in commercially available polymers

The distribution of charge injected into Lexan and Lucite has been studied using an electrostatic voltmeter. The samples were 16 cm diameter disks cut from 3.2 mm thick commercially available sheets. Aluminum electrodes were vacuum evaporated onto vacuum dried samples. One electrode entirely covered one side of the disk shaped sample. The electrode on the other side was a disk, centered on the sample and was either 2.54 cm or 5.08 cm in diameter. This allows a comparison of the relative importance of injection from the perimeter and the area of the electrode. The samples-were then placed in a vacuum chamber capable of 1 × 10−6 Torr. Voltages of 500 and 3000 Vdc were connected for periods of hours to days and the resulting currents recorded. The samples were then scanned, in situ, using an electrostatic voltmeter probe. Two dimensional maps of the surface voltage reveal charge distributions which are nonuniform over centimeter distances including alternations in sign. This suggests an electron-hole charge transport mechanism.