cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Markedly Lower Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 67 Protein Levels in a Subset of Boutons in Schizophrenia.

Abstract Background Convergent findings indicate that cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic circuitry is altered in schizophrenia. Postmortem studies have consistently found lower levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) messenger RNA (mRNA) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of subjects with schizophrenia. At the cellular level, the density of GABA neurons with detectable levels of GAD67 mRNA is ~30% lower across cortical layers. Knowing how this transcript deficit translates to GAD67 protein levels in axonal boutons is important for understanding the impact it might have on GABA synthesis. In addition, because reductions in GAD67 expression before, but not after, the maturation of GABAergic boutons results in a lower density of GABAergic boutons in mouse cortical cultures, knowing if GABAergic bouton density is altered in schizophrenia would provide insight into the timing of the GAD67 deficit. Methods PFC tissue sections from 20 matched pairs of schizophrenia and comparison subjects were immunolabeled for the vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT) and GAD67. Results vGAT+ bouton density did not differ between subject groups, consistent with findings that vGAT mRNA levels are unaltered in the illness and confirming that the number of cortical GABAergic boutons is not lower in schizophrenia. In contrast, in schizophrenia subjects, the proportion of vGAT+ boutons with detectable GAD67 levels (vGAT+/GAD67+ boutons) was 16% lower and mean GAD67 levels were 14% lower in the remaining vGAT+/GAD67+ boutons. Conclusions Our findings suggest that GABA production is markedly reduced in a subset of boutons in the PFC of schizophrenia subjects and that this reduction likely occurs after the maturation of GABAergic boutons.
Identity of the Filterable Hemolytic Anemia Agent of Sacks with Haemobartonella muris

Moore, D. H. (The Rockefeller University, New York, N. Y.), R. N. Arison, H. Tanaka, W. T. Hall, and M. Chanowitz. Identity of the filterable hemolytic anemia agent of Sacks with Haemobartonella muris. J. Bacteriol. 90:1669–1674. 1965.—In 1960 a new hemolytic agent in rats was reported. It was thought to be a filterable, nonsedimentable, replicating infectious agent, different from Haemobartonella muris. Rats which recovered from the infection developed a resistance to several kinds of transplantable tumors. It is here shown that this agent has the same properties as those reported in the literature and reconfirmed by us for H. muris. The size of the agent is approximately 500 mμ as determined by correlating bioactivity with Gradocol membrane filtrates and fractions from a diffusion cell, and its density is about midway between that of whole serum and distilled water (approximately 1.020) as determined by the sedimentation of bioactivity in an ultracentrifuge. Diffusion at 30 C indicated a lack of motility by the agent bodies. Rats were found to be protected against infection with the agent by daily administration of chlortetracycline and by prior infection with H. muris. The agent bodies were indistinguishable from H. muris in both the light and the electron microscope.
Formation of Cyclic 1,N2-Adducts by Reaction of Deoxyguanosine with α-Acetoxy-N-nitrosopyrrolidine, 4-(Carbethoxynitrosamino)butanal, or Crotonaldehyde

The structures of the DNA adducts formed in the metabolism of cyclic N -nitrosamines are not known. To approach this problem, we studied the reactions with deoxyguanosine, catalyzed by porcine liver esterase, of α-acetoxy- N -nitrosopyrrolidine and 4-(carbethoxynitrosamino)butanal which are stable precursors to the reactive intermediates, α-hydroxy- N -nitrosopyrrolidine and 3-formyl-1-propanediazohydroxide, formed in the α-hydroxylation of the cyclic nitrosamine, N -nitrosopyrrolidine. The same two major deoxyguanosine adducts were produced in each reaction. They were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by their ultraviolet spectra, mass spectra, and proton magnetic resonance spectra. On the basis of these spectral data, the structures of the two major adducts were assigned as 3-(2-deoxy-β-d- erythro -pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8 R -hydroxy-6 R -methylpyrimido [1,2- a ]purine-10(3 H )one and 3-(2-deoxy-β-d- erythro -pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8 S -hydroxy-6 S -methylpyrimido[1,2- a ]purine-10(3 H )one, in which a new saturated six-membered ring is formed by reaction at the 1- and N 2-positions of deoxyguanosine. The same two adducts were formed in the reaction of crotonaldehyde (2-butenal) with deoxyguanosine. Mild acid hydrolysis of each of the two diastereomeric deoxyguanosine adducts yielded a pair of enantiomeric tricyclic 1, N2 -guanine derivatives which had spectral properties in accordance with the assigned structures. Treatment of these tricyclic 1, N2 -guanine derivatives with NaOH and NaBH4 yielded N2 -(3-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl)guanine, confirming the structural assignments. The results of this study demonstrate that, unlike saturated dialkylnitrosamines which are metabolized to intermediates that give mainly 7-alkylation of deoxyguanosine, the intermediates formed in the α-hydroxylation of a cyclic nitrosamine, N -nitrosopyrrolidine, modify deoxyguanosine by forming cyclic 1, N2 -adducts.
A comparative study of the role of shoes, arch supports, and navicular cookies in the management of symptomatic mobile flat feet in children

A clinical and radiological study in 50 children with symptomatic mobile flat feet treated with varying combinations of shoes, custom-made arch supports, and pads over a period of four years is presented. It was concluded that children with symptomatic mobile flat feet should be fitted initially with laced high top shoes containing a steel shank and firm counter. A custom-made navicular pad should be added if adequate symptomatic relief is not obtained from the recommended shoes. Navicular cookies were found to be ineffective.
Using De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats Model to Teach Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills Essential for Success in the 21st Century Economy

It is understood that although critical thinking and problem solving are recognized as skills that are essential for success, particularly in the 21st century Digital Economy, they are not explicitly taught as part of the curriculum in many educational institutions. To make a contribution to an understanding of how critical thinking and problem solving can be taught effectively, the present paper draws upon the work of one of the leaders in critical thinking and problem solving to illustrate how these skills could be taught using De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats Model. Following an exposition of the key tenets of De Bono’s Model, the paper discusses how each of the Six Thinking Hats could be used in an effective pedagogy.
A unified framework for primal-dual methods in minimum cost network flow problems

We introduce a broad class of algorithms for finding a minimum cost flow in a capacitated network. The algorithms are of the primal-dual type. They maintain primal feasibility with respect to capacity constraints, while trying to satisfy the conservation of flow equation at each node by means of a wide variety of procedures based on flow augmentation, price adjustment, and ascent of a dual functional. The manner in which these procedures are combined is flexible thereby allowing the construction of algorithms that can be tailored to the problem at hand for maximum effectiveness. Particular attention is given to methods that incorporate features from classical relaxation procedures. Experimental codes based on these methods outperform by a substantial margin the fastest available primal-dual and primal simplex codes on standard benchmark problems.
HETEROGENEITY OF THE INTERACTION OF DNA WITH ACRIFLAVINE.

The interaction of several types of DNA with acriflavine has been investigated by observation of the quenching of fluorescence of the acridine derivative upon binding to DNA; this quenching is dependent on the base composition of the DNA. The quantum yield of fluorescence of the bound acriflavine is linearly related to the base composition. The strength of interaction is not simply related to composition, but appears to depend also on the order of the bases. The results are interpreted in terms of intercalation of the acriflavine between successive planes of bases. The bases adjacent to the acriflavine determine the energy and mode of interaction.
Flame sampling photoionization mass spectrometry of CH3PO2 and CH3OPO2

Abstract Laser photoionization mass spectrometry has provided the first detection of the isolated dioxophosphoranes, CH 3 PO 2 and CH 3 OPO 2 . These molecules are found to be key intermediates in the combustion of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). Near-threshold photoionization efficiency curves, produced with a tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser light source, yield ionization potentials of 9.24 ± 0.01 and 8.97 ± 0.02 eV for CH 3 PO 2 and CH 3 OPO 2 , respectively. A newly developed flame-sampling laser-ionization mass spectrometer provided measurements of concentration profiles of these species throughout the flame zone of a premixed, low pressure hydrogen/oxygen/argon flame, seeded with DMMP.
Ergodic properties of random measures on stationary sequences of sets

Abstract We study a class of stationary sequences having spectral representation (M(τnA))nϵ Z , where A is a set in a measure space (E, E , μ), τ is an invertible measure-preserving transformation on (E, E , μ), and M is a random measure on (E, E , μ). We explore the relationship between the ergodic properties of the sequence and the properties of τ, and construct examples with various ergodic properties using a stacking method on the half-line [0, ∞).
Occupational Therapy for Patients With Acute Lung Injury: Factors Associated With Time to First Intervention in the Intensive Care Unit

OBJECTIVE. Very early occupational therapy intervention in the intensive care unit (ICU) improves patients’ physical recovery. We evaluated the association of patient, ICU, and hospital factors with time to first occupational therapy intervention in ICU patients with acute lung injury (ALI). METHOD. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 514 consecutive patients with ALI from 11 ICUs in three hospitals in Baltimore, MD. RESULTS. Only 30% of patients ever received occupational therapy during their ICU stay. Worse organ failure, continuous hemodialysis, and uninterrupted continuous infusion of sedation were independently associated with delayed occupational therapy initiation, and hospital study site and admission to a trauma ICU were independently associated with earlier occupational therapy. CONCLUSION. Severity of illness and ICU practices for sedation administration were associated with delayed occupational therapy. Both hospital study site and type of ICU were independently associated with timing of occupational therapy, indicating modifiable environmental factors for promoting early occupational therapy in the ICU.
Issues related to low resolution modeling of soil moisture: experience with the PLACE model

Abstract This study documents the new PLACE soil hydrology model, and examines the effects of various parameterization schemes on the solution of the Richards equation. Richards equation is the basis upon which many of the land surface schemes participating in the PILPS experiments model soil water transport. Generally, the integration is carried out using a coarse model grid, which makes the solution more sensitive to particulars of the parameterization scheme. Parameterization schemes for the lower boundary condition, lateral interflow, and for moisture fluxes between model layers are tested in PLACE using both high and low resolution grids. Simulations were made using PILPS-HAPEX forcing data and soil and vegetation parameters. The soil hydrology model is validated against the annual observed HAPEX soil moisture profiles. The predicted evapotranspiration is also compared to a value computed from the PILPS-HAPEX forcing data using the Penman-Monteith equation. When testing a low-resolution soil grid typical of land surface schemes, predicted soil moisture was found to be highly sensitive to the interpolation method for computing vertical moisture fluxes between model layers. A new interpolation method for low resolution models is proposed and tested. It reproduces the high resolution model results more faithfully, over the entire range of soil moisture, than two methods commonly applied in the literature. Further tests demonstrate that by varying the parameterizations for lower boundary condition and the treatment of lateral flow (collectively called drainage), the predicted total annual evapotranspiration may range between 74% and 97% of the incident precipitation in this case. Both of these parameterizations involve one free parameter, and both are largely unconstrained by the available observations. Good overall agreement between the PLACE predicted and HAPEX observed soil moisture profiles was attained by varying these two PLACE drainage parameters over their respective ranges for a series of model simulations. Root-mean square error tests were then used to determine the set of parameters which corresponded to the best predicted soil moisture profile. However, the best predicted soil moisture profiles do not correspond with the best predicted evapotranspiration. This inconsistency occurs not only for PLACE, but, to varying degrees, for all of the land-surface schemes participating in PILPS-HAPEX.
Nanocomposite and monophasic synthesis routes to magnesium titanate

Abstract Magnesium titanate has been prepared by a nanocomposite approach making use of ultrafine magnesium oxide and nanophase titanium dioxide. Densification behavior of nanocomposite mixed powder was evaluated in comparison with magnesium titanate powder derived from monophasic (sol–gel) processing method. The slightly better sinterability of nanocomposite mixed powder was attributed to smaller temperature interval between crystallization and densification temperatures.
Dilatometry of pitch-anthracite mixes for carbon

Changes in height of green mixes tamped into a cup were measured during baking starting at room temperature. The greatest dimensional change was usually below 400°. The final change in height increased with pressure and temperature of tamping. The temperature at which contraction began increased with pitch softening point. Aggregate sizing had a noticeable effect. Commercial graphite cements contracted sharply.
Electronic Model for the Reverse Isotope Effect in Superconducting Pd-H(D)

The large reverse isotope effect in the Pd-H(D) system is confirmed over a range of composition in samples prepared by cathodic charging. It is shown that by shifting the ${T}_{c}$-versus-composition curve for the deuteride by about 0.05 in atomic ratio it can be made to coincide with the data for the hydride. A qualitative explanation is given in terms of proposed differences between the hydride and the deuteride in electronic structure.
Waste Remediation Using in Situ Magnetically Assisted Chemical Separation

Abstract The magnetically assisted chemical separation process (MACS) combines the selective and efficient separation afforded by chemical sorption with the magnetic recovery of ferromagnetic particles. This process is being developed for treating the underground storage tanks at Hanford. These waste streams contain cesium, strontium, and transuranics (TRU) that must be removed before this waste can be disposed of as grout. The separation process uses magnetic particles coated with either 1) a selective ion exchange material or an organic extractant-containing solvent (for cesium and strontium removal) or 2) solvents for selective separation of TRU elements (e.g., TRUEX process). These coatings, by their chemical nature, selectively separate the contaminants onto the particles, which can then be recovered from the tank using a magnet. Once the particles are removed, the contaminants can either be left on the loaded particles and added to the glass feed slurry or stripped into a small volume of solution so...
Integrating Mechanical and Reduced Chemical Weed Control in Conservation Tillage Corn

Conservation tillage for corn (Zea mays L.) production has greatly reduced the soil erosion potential in these systems, but relies heavily on herbicides to manage weeds. Overreliance on herbicides can lead to the development of herbicide-resistant weed communities and increase the risk of ground and surface water contamination by residual herbicides. This study evaluates the integration of various mechanical soil/weed management implements and herbicide programs for surface residue cover, weed control, corn productivity, and economic net returns. A pre-plant vertical coulter/rotary harrow tended to control small annual weeds as well as a standard burn down herbicide program, but reduced surface residue cover by 15% compared to the no-till check treatments. The high residue rotary hoe had little effect on surface residue cover, but provided inconsistent early-season weed control. The high residue inter-row cultivator resulted in 23% residue cover compared to 50% in the no-till treatments, but reduced weed biomass by 53% without any supplemental residual herbicides and 88% with a banded residual herbicide compared to the weedy check treatment. Crop productivity and net return data suggest that integrating the vertical coulter/rotary harrow, high residue cultivator, and banded residual herbicide program could reduce herbicide ai rates by 70% and still achieve similar corn yields and economic returns as the herbicide intensive systems. Such integrated mechanical-chemical systems will increase the crop management complexity for farmers, which may hinder adoption. Soil erosion potential of the integrated systems requires further in-depth evaluation.
Continuous spectral analysis of heart murmurs for evaluating stenotic cardiac lesions

Severity of stenotic heart lesions affects timing, quality and pitch of associated heart murmurs. This quantitative study investigated the relation between instantaneous sound frequencies contained in heart murmurs and magnitudes of Doppler jet velocities measured distal to associated obstructions. Heart murmurs were recorded from 18 patients, ages 1 day to 23 years, with 21 separate murmurs resulting from abnormal valves (18 studies) or left-to-right shunts (3 studies). Recorded murmurs were digitized and divided into 12.3-ms time segments for computer frequency analysis using the maximum entropy method. Murmur spectra were plotted in gray scale against time. All murmurs contained dominant frequencies that varied with time. Dominant murmur frequencies and associated Doppler jet velocities at equivalent points in time were measured at 50-ms intervals. For 88 points analyzed, instantaneous dominant frequencies ranged from 130 to 410 Hz (mean +/- standard deviation 282 +/- 70 Hz) and instantaneous jet velocities ranged from 110 to 460 cm/s (290 +/- 80 cm/s). For the 21 murmurs studied, peak murmur frequencies ranged from 200 to 410 Hz (308 +/- 70 Hz) and peak jet velocities ranged from 165 to 460 cm/s (320 +/- 78 cm/s). Instantaneous dominant frequency correlated to instantaneous jet velocity (r = 0.85) and peak dominant frequency correlated to peak jet velocity (r = 0.89). This in vivo study demonstrates that dominant frequencies contained in heart murmurs are related to instantaneous jet velocities distal to associated obstructions.
Electromagnetic splittings and light quark masses in lattice QCD

A method for computing electromagnetic properties of hadrons in lattice QCD is described and preliminary numerical results are presented. The electromagnetic field is introduced dynamically, using a noncompact formulation. Employing enhanced electric charges, the dependence of the pseudoscalar meson mass on the (anti)quark charges and masses can be accurately calculated. At {beta}=5.7 with Wilson action, the {pi}{sup +}-{pi}{sup 0} splitting is found to be 4.9(3) MeV. Using the measured {ital K}{sup 0}-{ital K}{sup +} splitting, we also find {ital m}{sub {ital u}}/{ital m}{sub {ital d}}=0.512(6). Systematic errors are discussed. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
The multispectral concept as applied to marine oil spills

Abstract The detection and measurement of oil pollution in the marine environment are receiving augmented attention, as the incidence of oil spills increases with a corresponding demand for information to direct cleanup operations and assign legal responsibility. Owing to the complex behavior of oil on water, its susceptibility to transport and modification forces, and the physiochemical anomalies associated with its presence, both aerial and surface-based sensors are necessary components of a complete and effective monitoring system. Ultraviolet, thermal infrared, and microwave sensors exhibit capabilities potentially good for oil detection. Radar, in particular, possesses excellent promise for mapping an oil slick's area extent since it is operative day or night, under even adverse weather conditions. Since no present remote sensor system can as yet provide accurate information on the type or thickness of an oil slick, complementary data must be collected using surface-based mechanisms. Radiometric, meteorological, and oceanographic information are essential for a valid interpretation of remotely sensed data and a more complete analysis of the oil spill situation. Several potentially operational systems, coordinating remote sensing and surface data collection systems, for monitoring marine oil pollution are discussed, but more research is clearly needed to demonstrate the actual feasibility of any given method.
Development and impact of hooks of high droplet concentration on remote southeast Pacific stratocumulus

Abstract. Over the southeastern Pacific (SEP), droplet concentration (Nd) in the typically unpolluted marine stratocumulus west of 80° W (> 1000 km offshore) is periodically strongly enhanced in zonally elongated "hook"-shaped features that increase albedo. Here, we examine three hook events using the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) with 14 km horizontal resolution, satellite data, and aircraft data from the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx). A particularly strong hook yields insights into the development, decay, and radiative impact of these features. Hook development occurs with Nd increasing to polluted levels over the remote ocean primarily due to entrainment of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) from the lower free troposphere (FT). The feature advects northwestward until the FT CCN source is depleted, after which Nd decreases over a few days due to precipitation and dilution. The model suggests that the FT CCN source supplying the hook consists of high concentrations of small accumulation-mode aerosols that contribute a relatively small amount of aerosol mass to the MBL, in agreement with near-coast VOCALS measurements of polluted layers in the FT. The aerosol particles in this hook originate mainly from a pulse of offshore flow that transports Santiago-region (33–35° S) emissions to the remote marine FT. To provide pollution CCN that can sustain hooks, the FT transport of pollution plumes to the remote ocean requires strong, deep offshore flow. Such flow is favored by a trough approaching the South American coast and a southeastward shift of the climatological subtropical high-pressure system. The model simulations show precipitation suppression in the hook and a corresponding increase in liquid water path (LWP) compared with a simulation without anthropogenic sources. LWP also increases as the hook evolves over time due to increasing stability and decreasing subsidence. WRF-Chem suggests that dimethyl sulfide (DMS) significantly influences the aerosol number and size distributions in a hook, but that hooks do not form without FT CCN. The Twomey effect contributes ~ 50–70% of the albedo increase due to the presence of the hook, while secondary aerosol indirect effects and meteorological influences also contribute significantly. The source of hook aerosols is difficult to determine with the available observations alone. The model provides further explanation of the factors influencing hook formation. Two other weaker hooks during VOCALS-REx are not as well simulated but are also associated with FT offshore flow near Santiago. Hooks demonstrate the importance of free-tropospheric transport of aerosols in modulating the droplet concentration in the southeastern Pacific stratocumulus deck, and present a formidable challenge to simulate accurately in large-scale models.
Vomeronasal organ and social factors affect urine marking by male mice

Adult CF-1 male mice cohabited for 15 days with three different females (EXPERIENCED) or remained physically isolated (INEXPERIENCED) prior to removal of their vomeronasal organs (VNX) or a SHAM procedure. Subjects were tested one month after surgery for urine marking in response to a stimulus male, a stimulus female, or no stimulus animal on the opposite side of a screened partition. VNX males exhibited a significant reduction in urine marking compared to SHAM males. EXPERIENCED VNX males deposited urine in amounts that were intermediate to SHAMs and INEXPERIENCED VNX males. These results suggest that deficits in urine marking behavior that result from loss of vomeronasal chemoreception may be ameliorated by prior sexual and/or social experience with females.
An Initial Description of the Archaeology and Morphology of the Clark's Fork Skeletal Material, Bonner County, Idaho:

The Clark's Fork skeletal material was originally discovered in 1940 during road building operations in Bonner County, northern Idaho. According to Neumann (1952), this partially mineralized individual was reputed to be of great antiquity; however, no description of the material has ever been published. Recent AMS dating of a portion of the femur returned a date of 5930 + 100 RCYBP, placing the material within the Early Prehistoric/Early Middle Prehistoric transitional period. Analysis of the skeletal material indicates that at least two individuals are present. The more nearly complete of the two is an older middle-aged adult male roughly 170 cm tall. Although contextual information and anatomical comparison is limited, it appears that the Clark's Fork burial is comparable to others of similar age from the Columbia Plateau.
A Contra-Directional Coupling based Waveguide Mode Converter in 3D Photonic Crystals

We designed a 25μm-long photonic crystal waveguide mode converter for 3D photonic circuits, which has greater than 95% conversion efficiency over a 20nm bandwidth at a center wavelength of 1550nm.
Shoulder MRI after impingement test injection.

Objective. To determine how long injected fluid from an impingement test remains in the bursa or adjacent soft tissues after an injection. Design and patients. Six patients prospectively underwent MRI of the shoulder immediately before and after an impingement test injection, and at 3 days, 2 weeks and 4 weeks later. MR images were evaluated and graded for fluid distribution within the bursa and adjacent soft tissues. The rotator cuff was evaluated for signal abnormalities related to the injection. Results and conclusion. Three days after the injection, the soft tissue fluid had returned to pre-injection levels or less in five of the six patients. No patients showed rotator cuff signal abnormalities related to the impingement test injection. We recommend a delay of 3 days before a shoulder MR examination after an injection has been performed, to avoid misinterpretations.
FACILITY LOCATION IN ANTICIPATION OF FUTURE COMPETITION.

Abstract In this paper, we consider locating a new facility in a competitive environment. A future competitor is expected to enter the market and locate his facility at its best site. The best location for one's own facility is to be found such that the market share captured following the competitor's entry is maximized. The problem is complicated because the best location for the competitor depends on the selected location for one's own facility. The problem is formulated using the gravity model for the estimation of market share. Three heuristic solution procedures are proposed. Computational experiments with these heuristics are presented.
Sense-of-the-Other: At the Core of Interpersonal Theory and Practice

All psychotherapy is interpersonal. The sense-of-the-other is at the core of the interpersonal approach. More than empathic regard or unconditional understanding, the sense-of-the-other involves the engagement of a person in the other’s life. The degree to which two people resonate with each other provides an estimate of this sense. The contributions of those who have laid the foundations for interpersonal theory, including Sullivan, Buber, Kaiser, and Vigotsky are presented. Then the applications of sense-of-the-other to several scenarios illustrate the power of this concept. Finally, a method for the psychotherapist and other human beings is provided by which people can recognize their impact on others and learn to use it benevolently.
Randomized complexity lower bounds

The complexity lower bound (log N) is proved for randomized computation trees (over reals with branching signs f ; >g) for recognizing an arrangement or a polyhedron with N faces. A similar lower bound is proved for randomized computation trees over any zero-characteristic eld with branching signs f=; 6 =g for recognizing an arrangement. As consequences, this provides in particular, the randomized lower bound (n 2) for the KNAPSACK problem (which was proved in case of the randomized computation trees over reals in 11]) and also the randomized lower bound (n log n)
Network model of cryogenic phase separators

Abstract We have studied a simple network model for porous plug phase separators bycomparing the flow of helium through a straight capillary to that of a capillary which branches into two capillaries of different diameters. For helium flow above a critical value, the straight capillary model has shown that in order to maintain phase equilibrium the liquid-vapor interface retreats into the capillary. This result is consistent with previous single capillary models. Branch points (nodes) were added to the straight capillary in two ways. The first configuration connects five capillaries to form an H (two nodes). The H-shape configuration proved to be intractable. The second configuration consists of three capillaries connected to form a Y (single node). In this case, we have been able to find solutions which satisfy conditions of steady-state equilibrium.
Charge-flux composites and fractional statistics

A discrepancy concerning the phase change upon the exchange of one charge-flux composite with another is noted and resolved. This bears upon the fractional statistics of these objects, which are involved in the fractional quantum Hall effect.
Lid retraction or no lid retraction in optic neuropathy with proptosis

Abstract A 58-year-old woman had a history of treated hyperthyroidism and presented with unilateral proptosis and visual loss. The diagnostic evaluation and differential diagnosis were discussed and the treatment of dysthyroid optic neuropathy was outlined.
Rule-based control of slowly varying systems using compensator segmentation determined by simulated annealing

A novel compensator segmentation scheme for rule-based control of a linear system characterized by structured uncertainties is presented. It is assumed that the design of a segmented compensator becomes necessary because the parameter variation region is too wide to be handled by a single robust compensator. The segmentation scheme is based on the simulated annealing technique. Starting with an initial estimate of the number of segments, the offline segmentation scheme attempts to minimize it while assuring coverage of the entire parameter variation region. The information about the segment boundaries and the appropriate compensators is then utilized as the database of a rule-based switching controller. The results of simulation studies that demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme are included. >
Biosynthesis of Squalene from Farnesyl Diphosphate in Bacteria: Three Steps Catalyzed by Three Enzymes

Squalene (SQ) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of sterols in eukaryotes and a few bacteria and of hopanoids in bacteria where they promote membrane stability and the formation of lipid rafts in their hosts. The genes for hopanoid biosynthesis are typically located on clusters that consist of four highly conserved genes—hpnC, hpnD, hpnE, and hpnF—for conversion of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to hopene or related pentacyclic metabolites. While hpnF is known to encode a squalene cyclase, the functions for hpnC, hpnD, and hpnE are not rigorously established. The hpnC, hpnD, and hpnE genes from Zymomonas mobilis and Rhodopseudomonas palustris were cloned into Escherichia coli, a bacterium that does not contain genes homologous to hpnC, hpnD, and hpnE, and their functions were established in vitro and in vivo. HpnD catalyzes formation of presqualene diphosphate (PSPP) from two molecules of FPP; HpnC converts PSPP to hydroxysqualene (HSQ); and HpnE, a member of the amine oxidoreductase family, reduces HSQ t...
Crystalline aggregates of the repetitive polypeptide {(AlaGly)3GluGly(GlyAla)3GluGly}10 : Structure and dynamics probed by 13C magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

A repetitive polymer comprising 10 repeats of the oligopeptide (AlaGly)_3GluGly(GlyAla)_3 GluGly has been synthesized via bacterial expression of an artificial gene. This polymer was designed to assemble into lamellar crystals of predictable thickness, with the oligo(AlaGly) and oligo(GlyAla) portions forming the crystal stems and the polar, bulky Glu residues lying in reverse turns between adjacent, antiparallel β-strands. The solid-state structure and dynamics of this material, before and after crystallization, have been probed with a range of magic angle spinning ^(13)C NMR experiments. Chemical shifts of backbone carbons indicate that the oligo(AlaGly) elements adopt β-conformations in all samples. Changes in both the chemical shift and cross-polarization behavior of the alanine side chains upon crystallization provide evidence for location of alanine within the crystalline β-sheet regions. In contrast, although crystallization induces changes in the chemical shift of C_α of the glutamic acid residue, no change occurs in the dynamic behavior of the Glu side chain carbons. The latter observation suggests that this side chain is excluded from the crystalline region and supports the assignment of Glu to turn positions at the lamellar surface.
Maternal stress and pregnancy outcomes: A review of the psychosocial literature

The literature linking maternal psychosocial stress with pregnancy outcomes is reviewed. These published findings, dating back over the past 30 years, tend to conceptualize stress as either life change or anxiety. After a brief conceptual and methodological overview of ‘stress’, empirical research findings are reviewed with pregnancy outcomes grouped into 4 categories: low birth weight, prematurity, antepartum complications, and intrapartum complications. In general, the literature reveals that life change stress is predictive of both prematurity and antepartum complications, and that anxiety is predictive of both antepartum and intrapartum complications, although the intrapartum results are mixed. In sum, there is currently only scattered evidence linking stress to low birth weight. Finally, the implications of these findings for clinical practice and research are discussed.
Subject-investigator reproducibility of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale

Abstract Objective To evaluate the subject-investigator agreement on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) subsections I and II. Methods Subject-investigator agreement was estimated at baseline and endpoint by Kappa statistics for individual items and concordance correlations for subscale totals using data from two NIH Exploratory Trials in Parkinson’s Disease studies. Results All but two questions had moderate subject-investigator agreement at baseline and endpoint. Participants consistently rated their disease activity worse that investigators. Conclusion UPDRS self-administration produces similar results to investigator-administration. Although slightly elevated, UPDRS self-administration can be accommodated in a clinical trial setting.
Dynamics of liquid helium boil-off experiments with a step change in pressure

Abstract The results of dynamic analysis of the effect of pressure variations during helium boil-off experiments are presented. A general solution of the diffusion equation with a time-dependent boundary condition is employed to describe the dynamic response of the liquid helium system under variable pressure conditions, and a solution is obtained for the special case when the system is subjected to a step change in pressure. The calculated temperature response of the liquid indicates that most of the experiments were not likely to have reached equilibrium as a result of the low thermal diffusivity of liquid helium. The initial rate of evaporation or condensation is large, and the rate decreases sharply with time. A method is proposed to account for the transient effect that is observed during calculation of the heat loss rate from a helium boil-off experiment. By assuming that there is no mixing at all, the present analysis provides an estimate of the upper (condensation) or lower (evaporation) bound of the heat loss rate as a result of a pressure increase or decrease in the system. A previously reported equilibrium analysis is expected to apply to situations where complete mixing occurred in the bulk liquid and provides the opposite limits.
Environmental contamination with Metarhizium anisopliae from fungal bands for control of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Abstract Our objective was to determine whether conidia from non-woven fiber bands impregnated with Metarhizium anisopliae F 52 could be spread to other parts of the environment, and whether Anoplophora glabripennis could become infected with conidia dispersed from fungal bands. In the field, bands containing M. anisopliae were hung at 3 m height on 15 trees. Bark samples were taken 10, 20, and 30 cm above the bands and 10, 30, and 60 cm below the bands 2, 5, and 9 days after band placement to quantify conidial densities. There were more conidia in samples taken below bands compared with samples taken above bands. A significant positive correlation was found between rainfall and the occurrence of conidia on any of the bark samples. A laboratory study was conducted to determine whether conidia from M. anisopliae fungal bands could be spread to other parts of the environment by A. glabripennis adults and whether A. glabripennis could become infected by conidia dispersed from fungal bands. One or five adult ...
From Wives to Widows in Early Modern Paris: Gender, Economy, and Law – By Janine M. Lanza

The author of this study observes that “exploration of gender practices changes the basic structure of history . . . [including] periodization, class structures, and ideas about power in the state ...
Careers in Deviance and Respectability: The Analogy's Limitations

By examining the analogy between deviant and respectable careers, this paper refines the concept of deviant career. Compared to respectable careers, especially occupational careers in formal organizations, deviant careers develop within an ambiguous and unstable structural context. Deviant careers do not move through established sequences of well-defined positions; career pathways do not always lead upward; career progress does not always bring increased rewards and security; and careers involve multiple, short-term involvements. The differences between deviant and respectable careers are consequential for deviants. Mobility is of uncertain direction; deviant careers feature individualized career shifts, rather than standard sequences of positions. Since deviant careers lack institutional supports, career progress requires special tactics to foster security and regularize rewards. This analysis demonstrates that deviance and respectability differ in important respects and the concept of deviant career must be used so as not to ignore these differences.
Effect of heating on the structure of carbon fiber polyphenylenesulfide‐matrix composite, as studied by electrical resistance measurement

Heating and cooling were found to affect the structure of carbon fiber polyphenylenesulfide-matrix composites, as shown by their effects on the DC electrical resistance of the composite in the fiber direction. Matrix flow during first heating above T g and thermal stress buildup during cooling in any thermal cycle caused the resistance to increase, whereas isothermal crystallization at 180°C caused the resistance to decrease. Thermal stress buildup was reversible upon thermal cycling. Prior annealing at 180°C diminished the matrix flow because of improved fiber-matrix bond, and it increased the matrix crystallinity. Annealing at 180°C for 15 h or more was sufficient to eliminate the matrix flow.
Provenance of some glacial deposits in the Transantarctic Mountains based on Rb/1bSr dating of feldspars

Abstract Till deposits of Cenozoic age, formerly referred to the Sirius Formation, occur in the Transantarctic Mountains at numerous scattered localities. Many of the known occurrences are at high elevations and were deposited on old erosion surfaces that pre-date the dissection of the present Transantarctic Mountains. The most extensive deposits have been found along the walls of valleys presently occupied by outlet glaciers that flow from the East Antarctic ice sheet to the Ross Ice Shelf. The origin of these tills is the subject of conflicting hypotheses. The most plausible alternatives include deposition by local mountain glaciers and ice caps and/or by ancestral outlet glaciers that drained the East Antarctic ice sheet in Cenozoic time while uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains was taking place. Size fractions of feldspar in till of possible Cenozoic age in the valleys of the Byrd and Hatherton glaciers and on the summit plateau of Table Mountain have been analyzed for dating by the Rb/1bSr method. The results are interpretable in terms of a model based on two-component mixtures of feldspar grains of differing ages. One component is derived from the igneous rocks of the local basement complex that crystallized ∼ 500 Ma ago. The other component is Precambrian in age and may have originated from the East Antarctic shield. The results indicate that till in the valleys of the Byrd and Hatherton glaciers contain a component of Precambrian feldspar and were probably deposited by outlet glaciers draining the ice sheet of East Antarctica. The till on Table Mountain (elevation 1700 m) does not contain Precambrian feldspar and was probably deposited by a local ice cap. Till of Quaternary-Recent age along the Byrd Glacier and in the coastal moraine of the Brown Hills has a local provenance.
Identification of quantitative trait nucleotides that regulate cancer growth: a simulation approach

A general growth model derived from basic cellular properties can be used to describe the dynamic process of cancer growth with mathematical equations. It has been recognized that cancer growth is under genetic control, with a multitude of interacting genes each segregating in a Mendelian fashion and displaying environmental sensitivity. In this article, we integrate the mathematical aspects of the pervasive growth model into a statistical framework for the identification of quantitative trait nucleotides that underlie cancer growth. This integrative framework is constructed with a single nucleotide polymorphism-based haplotype blocking analysis. Simulation studies have been performed to demonstrate the usefulness of the model. The proposed model provides a generic platform model for testing and detecting specific DNA sequence variants that regulates the timing of cancer emergence, growth and differentiation.
QTL mapping of naturally-occurring variation in flowering time of Arabidopsis thaliana

A segregating F2 population of Arabidopsis thaliana derived from a cross between the late-flowering ecotype Hannover/Munden (HM) and the early-flowering ecotype Wassilewskija (WS) was analyzed for flowering time and other morphological traits. Two unlinked quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting days to first flower (DFF-a and DFF-b) mapped to chromosome 5. QTLs which affect node number (NN), leaf length at flowering (LLF), and leaf length at 35 days (LL35) also mapped to chromosome 5; LLF-a, LL35-a, NN-a map to the same region of chromosome 5 as DFF-a; LLF-b and LL35-bmap to the same region of chromosome 5 as DFF-b. Another QTL affecting leaf length at flowering (LLF-c) maps to chromosome 3. The proximity of DFF-a, LLF-a, LL35-a and NN-a, as well as the similarity in gene action among these QTLs (additivity), suggest that they may be pleiotropic consequences of a single gene at this locus. Similarly, LL35-b and LLF-b map near each other and both display recessive gene action, again suggesting the possibility of pleiotropy. DFF-b, which also maps near LL35-b and LLF-b, displays largely additive gene action (although recessive gene action could not be ruled out). This suggests that DFF-b may represent a different gene from LL35-b and/or LLF-b. DFF-a maps near two previously identified mutants: co (which also affects flowering time and displays gene action consistent with additivity) and flc. Similar map locations and gene actions of QTLs affecting the correlated traits DFF, LLF, LL35 and NN suggest that these genomic regions harbor naturally occurring allelic variants involved in the general transition of the plant from vegetative to reproductive growth.
Extracellular regulation of interleukin (IL)-1beta through lung epithelial cells and defective IL-1 type II receptor expression.

Interleukin (IL)-1β is produced primarily by activated mononuclear phagocytic cells in the lung airway and functions as a potent proinflammatory cytokine. Release of IL-1β in the airway microenvironment induces the production of proinflammatory factors from parenchymal airway cells, including IL-8. To study the regulation of lung epithelial cell responsiveness to IL-1β, the human type II–like airway epithelial cell line A549 and primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were assayed for IL-1–specific response modifiers. Specifically, the IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI), IL-1 type II receptor (IL-1RII), IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were analyzed. Constitutive expression of IL-1RI, IL-1RAcP, and IL-1Ra was detected in both immortalized and primary human airway epithelial cells. Interestingly, a complete absence of IL-1RII expression was demonstrated under all study conditions in both A549 and NHBE cells. Both cell types were responsive to IL-1β...
Some Ecological Implications of Forest Fire Control in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

Seven areas that were burned in Yellowstone National Park in 1966, 1960, 1954, 1942, 1910, 1856, and about 1665 were studied from 1965 through 1967 in order to document the trends of biotic succession in the development of lodgepole pine communities. Results indicate that there was an increase in the numbers of plant, bird, and mammal species during the first 25 years followed by a decrease in the older communities. The data indicate that elimination of forest fires will limit ecological diversity within the Park by reducing or eliminating certain plants and animals that are present only in the successional communities present before closure of the forest canopy.