cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous tumor regression Experimental aspects

Abstract C57/BL mice were immunized against methylcholanthrene sarcoma and were challenged with second-tumor isografts injected into cortical bone to test the hypothesis that bone is an unusually privileged site where metastases are protected from immunologic destruction in the sensitized host. Results indicate that structural characteristics of bone do not protect metastatic tumor cells from destruction by immune lymphocytes. An alternative explanation for the failure of osseous metastases from renal cell cancer to regress may involve modification of surface antigens. Also, a review of important aspects and principles of tumor immunology is given.
Your Wildest Dreams: No End in Sight, The Astronaut Farmer, and Other American Follies

Two recent movies, No End in Sight and The Astronaut Farmer, exemplify a common kind of American movie: An intrepid lone individual pursues an impossible and outlandish goal against great odds and the opposition of many people, including dear ones. Although there are great costs and early failures, the lone hero is successful, and all doubts are dismissed and all insults are forgiven. Some movies of this kind show a darker version. The gains are less certain, the losses are more unbearable, and the hero is less admirable. In the fantasy The Astronaut Farmer, the hero is finally successful, for a happy ending. In the documentary No End in Sight, success remains out of reach, so there is no ending. The real political figures in the documentary are seen pursuing the elements of the fantasy plot without Hollywood's resolution.
Comment on "Quark-meson coupling model for baryon wave functions and properties"

We examine the Leonard-Gerace procedure for computing mesonic admixtures to baryonic wave functions.
Effects of power-line construction on wetland vegetation in Massachusetts, USA

Utility rights-of-way corridors through wetland areas generate long-term impacts from construction activities to these valuable ecosystems. Changes to and recovery of the vegetation communities of a cattail marsh, wooded swamp, and shrub/bog wetland were documented through measurements made each growing season for two years prior, five years following, and again on the tenth year after construction of a 345-kV transmission line. While both the cattail marsh and wooded swamp recovered within a few years, measures of plant community composition in the shrub/bog wetland were still lower, compared to controls, after ten years. Long-term investigations such as the one reported here help decrease uncertainty and provide valuable information for future decision making regarding construction of power utility lines through valuable and dwindling wetland resources.
The short-term effects of ingested chrysotile asbestos DNA synthesis in the pancreas and other organs of a primate

Single oral administration of chrysotile asbestos to monkeys resulted 9 days later in the stimulation of DNA synthesis in the pancreas as evidenced by increased incorporation of tritiated thymidine.
Molecular modelling of trimethoprim complexes of human wild-type and mutant dihydrofolate reductases: identification of two subsets of binding residues in the antifolate binding site.

Computer-assisted molecular modelling was used to generate structures for the trimethoprim (TMP):NADPH:dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) ternary complexes for human wild-type DHFR and for five DHFR mutants (L22R, L22F, F31S, F31W and Q35P). The mutants correspond to DHFR proteins that have been isolated from tissues exposed to chronic or high dose methotrexate (MTX) and show decreased sensitivity to antifolate inhibition. Analysis of the TMP:DHFR interactions suggest the presence of two subsets of TMP binding residues in the DHFR antifolate binding site. One subset of these residues (GLU30, PHE34, ILE60 and VAL115) are common to each DHFR complex studied and are referred to as core residues. The other TMP binding residues vary among the DHFR complexes studied and are referred to as noncore residues. The core residues exhibit a greater number of TMP contacts/residue and form more stable TMP interactions than noncore residues. Additionally, the core and noncore residues make contact with different regions of the TMP structure. Information presented here provides additional insight into the design of new agents for the improved inhibition of wild-type DHFR and the simultaneous inhibition of both wild-type and mutant DHFR molecules.
The Acardiac Monster

Two cases of acardiac fetuses are presented. Pathological data in 61 cases are tabulated. Classification, terminology and patho-physiological findings are discussed.
Evoked potentials from the inferior colliculus in man

Abstract Sound-evoked potentials were recorded from the inferior colliculus in man when it was exposed during surgery. The earliest response to contralateral stimulation with 2000 Hz tone bursts at 90 dB was a positive deflection with a latency of about 6.5 msec that was followed by a slow, negative deflection that lasted about 5 msec. It is supposed that this surface-positive peak originates in the lateral lemniscus. Its latency matched that of the fifth vertex-positive wave (V) of the BSEP recorded from the scalp. Superimposed on the slow potential were several peaks. These peaks emerged clearly after the slow components were removed by filtering. The peaks then were shown to have latencies that matched the latencies of peaks VI, VII and VIII of the scalp-recorded BSEP.
Mental illness, nativity, gender and labor supply

We analyzed the impacts of nativity and mental health (MH) on work by gender for non-elderly adults using the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We employed two indicators of MH - the K6 scale of Mental Illness (MI) and an indicator for symptoms of Mania or Delusions (M/D). Instrumental variable (IV) models used measures of social support as instruments for MI. Unadjusted work rates were higher for immigrants (vs US-born adults). Regressions show that MI is associated with lower rates of work among US-born males but not immigrant males and females; M/D is associated lower rates of work among US-born males and females, and among immigrant males. Results did not change using IV models for MI. Most persons with MI work, yet symptom severity reduces labor supply among natives especially. Immigrants' labor supply is less affected by MI.
The correlation between strain and electronic structure in monolayer thick films

We explote and empirical relationship between strain (and lattice constant) and the valence electronic structure for mercury, bromine and iron overlayers. These overlayers have a range of lattice constants. For the Hg overlayers, all share a common cubic crystallography. We generally observe that the smaller the overlayer lattice constant, the greater the energy separation betweend-bands (Hg and Fe) orp-bands (Br). These results have important implications in relating electronic structure to fundamental properties such as magnetism. In addition, the film thickness limits for pseudomorphic growth calculated from the bulk properties are consistent with the experimental studies of Hg pseudomorphic growth on Ag (100) at 90 K.
Measuring the Mass of 4U 0900−40 Dynamically

Accurate measurements of neutron star masses are needed to constrain the equation of state of neutron star matter—of importance to both particle physics and the astrophysics of neutron stars—and to identify the evolutionary track of the progenitor stars that form neutron stars. The best measured values of the mass of 4U 0900–40 (=Vela XR-1), 1.86 ± 0.16 M⊙ (Barziv et al.) and 1.93 ± 0.20 M⊙ (Abubekerov et al.), make it a leading candidate for the most massive neutron star known. The direct relationship between the maximum mass of neutron stars and the equation of state of ultradense matter makes 4U 0900–40 an important neutron star mass to determine accurately. The confidence intervals on previous mass estimates obtained from observations that include parameters determined by nondynamical methods are not small enough to significantly restrict possible equations of state. We describe here a purely dynamical method for determining the mass of 4U 0900–40, an X-ray pulsar, using the reprocessed UV pulses emitted by its B0.5 Ib companion. One can derive the instantaneous radial velocity of each component through simultaneous X-ray and UV observations at the two quadratures of the system. The Doppler shift caused by the primary's rotational velocity and the illumination pattern of the X-rays on the primary, two of the three principal contributors to the uncertainty on the derived mass of the neutron star, almost exactly cancel out by symmetry in this method. A heuristic measurement of the mass of 4U 0900–40, using observations obtained previously with the High Speed Photometer on the Hubble Space Telescope, is given in an appendix.
Monostatic Mueller matrix laser reflectometer

An instrument is described that operates as a true monostatic reflectometer. The instrument collects complete polarimetric information as well as reflectance. A beamsplitter at 45° to the incident and reflected beam allows monostatic operation. Complete polarimetric information in the form of Mueller matrices are measured by using a polarization state generator prior to the sample and a polarization state analyzer after reflection from the sample and beamsplitter. This Mueller matrix polarimeter is in the dual rotating retarder configuration. Two lasers currently serve as sources. The hardware and data reduction methods are discussed, and measurement results are given.
Fundamental theorem of system structure: An application t6 the study of community school organizations

The overall concern of the present paper is with system performance. The sections which follow will: (1) present a brief overview of the fundamental theorem of system structure; (2) develop and test a very simple model of school district pegormancekhange and statistically examine key structural features following the outlines of the theorem; (3) estimate the resource requirements for a program which would optimize the performance of the districts under study; and (4) set forth several conclusions and suggestions for further research.
A note on the zeros of solutions [wacute]+P(z)w= 0 where P is a polynomial

For the class of equations described in the title, there is a classical result which states that there are (deg P) + 2 critical rays, arg z = θj, such that for any e > 0, all but finitely many zeros of any solution f(z) ≢ 0 must lie in the union of the sectors |arg z - θj| < e. We prove that any infinite set of zeros in such a sector (for sufficiently small e) must actually approach a definite ray, which is a translate ofthe critical ray (and which can be explicitely calculated). In addition, we estimate the rate at which the zeros approach the ray, thus obtaining new information on the exact location of the zeros. The class of equations treated here contains equations which arise in applications in other areas, such as Airy's equation and Titchmarsh's equation
Empathy & enjoyment in computer-mediated design work

While there have been vast theoretical and pragmatic advances in the field of CSCW, significant questions still remain about what makes for a successful distance collaboration, particularly in the field of design. Through an experimental design, this research examines the role that empathy and related psychological constructs may play in the experiences of designers working at a distance. Findings show that in fact empathy does matter, and may affect both the enjoyment of the experience and the efficiency with which the designers work. This study shows a link between empathy and empathic constructs, and the outcomes of computer mediated distance design collaborations.
From Mainstream to East African Charter: Cultural and Religious Experiences of Somali Youth in U.S. Schools

Using data from a 2-year qualitative study, the author examines how East African Muslim immigrant youth experience and become shaped by the environments of U.S. mainstream schools compared with a culturally specific charter high school Results from this study reveal that East African Muslim immigrant youth are affected by religious and cultural discrimination in mainstream schools and that attending a culturally specific charter school promotes positive intercultural competence in which students are able to build a good self-concept and find comfort in who they are as East African immigrants, as Muslims, and as American citizens.
The hen as a model of ovarian cancer

The domestic laying hen is the only non-human animal that spontaneously develops ovarian cancer with a high prevalence. Hens ovulate prolifically, and this has made the hen intuitively appealing as a model of this disease in light of epidemiological evidence that ovulation rate is highly correlated with the risk of human ovarian cancer. As in women, ovarian cancer in the hen is age-related and it is also grossly and histologically similar to that in humans. In both women and hens, the cancer metastasizes to similar tissues with an accumulation of ascites fluid. Some aggressive ovarian cancers in women arise from cells in the oviduct; this is intriguing because ovarian cancers in the hen express an oviductal protein that is normally absent in the ovary.
Effects of response preparation on developmental improvements in inhibitory control

Studies in adults indicate that response preparation is crucial to inhibitory control, but it remains unclear whether preparation contributes to improvements in inhibitory control over the course of childhood and adolescence. In order to assess the role of response preparation in developmental improvements in inhibitory control, we parametrically manipulated the duration of the instruction period in an antisaccade (AS) task given to participants from ages 8 to 31 years. Regressions showing a protracted development of AS performance were consistent with existing research, and two novel findings emerged. First, all participants showed improved performance with increased preparation time, indicating that response preparation is crucial to inhibitory control at all stages of development. Preparatory processes did not deteriorate at even the longest preparatory period, indicating that the youngest participants were able to sustain preparation at even the longest interval. Second, developmental trajectories did not differ for different preparatory period lengths, highlighting that the processes supporting response preparation continue to mature in tandem with improvements in AS performance. Our findings suggest that developmental improvements are not simply due to an inhibitory system that is faster to engage but may also reflect qualitative changes in the processes engaged during the preparatory period.
Does the amount of time medical students spend in the operating room during the general surgery core clerkship affect their career decision

Abstract Background The amount of time medical students (MS) spend in the operating room (OR) during their general surgery core clerkship has not been previously studied as a predictor for choosing a career in surgery. We hypothesize that MS choosing a career in surgery spend more time in the OR. Methods Operative records for surgery cases at our institution from 2009 to 2013 were linked to the schedules of MS from classes of 2010 to 2014. Total number of minutes, cases, and average number of minutes in the OR were calculated and compared with the match lists. Univariate analysis was conducted to assess for associations (P Results A total of 117 students and 1,524 procedures were included. Twenty-two MS chose a surgical career (19%). An average of 2,018.5 minutes per rotation was spent in the OR (81.2 min/d), but neither the amount of time nor the number of cases was associated with choosing a career in surgery. Conclusions Quality of the educational experience trumps quantity regarding what most influences MS career decision.
Parametrically excited surface waves: two-frequency forcing, normal form symmetries, and pattern selection.

Motivated by experimental observations of exotic standing wave patterns in the two-frequency Faraday experiment, we investigate the role of normal form symmetries in the pattern selection problem. With forcing frequency components in ratio m/n, where m and n are co-prime integers, there is the possibility that both harmonic and subharmonic waves may lose stability simultaneously, each with a different wavenumber. We focus on this situation and compare the case where the harmonic waves have a longer wavelength than the subharmonic waves with the case where the harmonic waves have a shorter wavelength. We show that in the former case a normal form transformation can be used to remove all quadratic terms from the amplitude equations governing the relevant resonant triad interactions. Thus the role of resonant triads in the pattern selection problem is greatly diminished in this situation. We verify our general results within the example of one-dimensional surface wave solutions of the Zhang-Vinals model of the two-frequency Faraday problem. In one-dimension, a 1:2 spatial resonance takes the place of a resonant triad in our investigation. We find that when the bifurcating modes are in this spatial resonance, it dramatically effects the bifurcation to subharmonic waves in the case of forcing frequencies are in ratio 1/2; this is consistent with the results of Zhang and Vinals. In sharp contrast, we find that when the forcing frequencies are in ratio 2/3, the bifurcation to (sub)harmonic waves is insensitive to the presence of another spatially-resonant bifurcating mode.
Identification of Microsatellite Markers Near the Human ob Gene and Linkage Studies in NIDDM-Affected Sib Pairs

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a complex metabolic disorder with a significant genetic component. Obesity is a frequent complicating factor for NIDDM. In the mouse, a number of single gene defects that result in obesity have been described. Mutations in one of these genes, the ob gene, results in both obesity and NIDDM. Recently, the cloning of the murine ob gene and its human homologue has been reported {Nature 372:425–432, 1994). In the present study, the contribution of genetic variation at the human ob locus to NIDDM susceptibility was assessed by analyzing allele sharing in NIDDM-affected sib pairs (ASPs) for markers located near the human ob gene. Four yeast artificial chromosome clones containing the human ob gene were isolated. These clones colocalized the ob gene and two microsatellite markers, D7S5H and D7S635 , to a region of 280 kb on the long arm of human chromosome 7. The microsatellite markers were typed in 346 Mexican-American NIDDM-ASPs derived from 176 families and an additional 110 ethnically and geographically matched controls. No evidence of linkage or association between either microsatellite marker and NIDDM was observed in this population. These results suggest genetic variation in the human ob gene does not play a major role in susceptibility to NIDDM in Mexican-Americans. Diabetes 44:999-1001, 1995
Holographic video computation and display using Holo-Chidi

"Holo-Chidi" is a holographic video processing system designed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Laboratory for real-time computation of computer-generated holograms and the subsequent display of the holograms at video frame rates. The Holo-Chidi system is composed of two sets of cards—the set of processor cards and the set of video concentrator cards (VCCs). The processor cards are used for hologram computation, data archival/retrieval from a host system, and for higher level control of the VCCs. The VCC formats computed holographic data from multiple hologram-computing processor cards, converting the digital data to analog form to feed the acousto-optic modulators of the Media Lab's "MarkII" holographic display system. Both the processor card and VCC are fabricated and tested, integrating both sets of cards with a host system is currently in progress. The design and implementation of the Holo-Chidi system is discussed.
Chronic α-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation Modulates the Contractile Phenotype of Cardiac Myocytes In Vitro

Background—Heart failure is characterized by contractile dysfunction of the myocardium and elevated sympathetic activity. We tested the hypothesis that chronic α-adrenergic (α-ADR) stimulation modifies the molecular and contractile phenotype of cardiac myocytes. Methods and Results—Adult rat ventricular myocytes in culture were exposed to α-ADR stimulation (norepinephrine + propranolol) for 48 hours. α-ADR stimulation decreased the mRNAs for sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+ release channel by 56% and 52%, respectively, and increased mRNA and protein for the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger by 70% and 39%, respectively. After washout of the α-ADR agonist, simultaneous measurement of [Ca2+]i transients with fura 2 and myocyte shortening by video edge-detection showed that [Ca2+]i amplitude and myocyte shortening were decreased in α-ADR–treated myocytes, and the time to peak and time from peak to 80% decline of both [Ca2+]i and myocyte shortening were increased. The concentration-response curve for myocyte shor...
Intergenerational Transmission Effects on Relationship Satisfaction A Cross-Cultural Study

Although intergenerational transmission processes have been studied on various aspects of family life, cross-cultural comparisons have rarely been made. In the present study, the authors examine how intergenerational transmission processes on relationship satisfaction differ between individuals with different gender and cultural identities. A multigroup structural equation modeling analysis compares the influence of family-of-origin factors on relationship satisfaction between Asian-born Asian, North American–born Asian, and Caucasian American heterosexual couples. Results suggest that Asian-born Asians experience greater influence from their family-of-origin than North American–born Asians and Caucasians. Males experience greater influence from their family-of-origin than females in Asian couples whereas females experience greater influence in Caucasian couples. The results suggest that both cultural identity and gender have an impact on the intergenerational transmission of relationship quality. The fin...
Wnt3a potentiates myogenesis in C2C12 myoblasts through the modulation of intracellular calcium and activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway (1102.23)

Our research group has been investigating the biochemical crosstalk between bones and muscles. Wnts are secreted by bone cells and have a significant potential to directly influence muscle function...
The effect of inter-country competition on interest rate pass-through in the European Union

Using monthly data on countries in the European Union (EU) over seven years, this study examines the pass–through of the Central Bank (CB) rate to retail lending interest rates. Recent advances in spatial econometric methods allows for relaxing the assumption of perfect competition in interest rates by specifically modelling the spatial interaction of countries within the EU. Questions concerning the effect of spatial interaction on the pass–through of the CB rate to the lending rates are of particular interest. The results indicate statistically significant spatial interaction among countries, which results in faster pass–through.
A Comparison of the Effects of Hypothermia, Pentobarbital, and Isoflurane on Cerebral Energy Stores at the Time of Ischemic Depolarization

BackgroundIn an accompanying article, we report that hypothermia (27–28 degrees Celsius) delayed postischemic cortical depolarization longer than did large-dose pentobarbital or isoflurane anesthesia, even though preischemic cerebral metabolic rates for glucose were similar in the three groups. To e
Indirect Measurement of Mean Blood Pressure in the Normotensive and Hypotensive Horse

SUMMARY Indirect mean arterial pressure was obtained from the tails of 78 anaesthetised and unanaesthetised normotensive and hypotensive horses. Data were obtained to determine the optimum cuff width in relation to tail circumference. A cuff that is too wide under-estimates and a cuff that is too narrow over-estimates blood pressure. With the optimum cuff width, which is slightly in excess of about one-fifth of the tail circumference, indirect mean blood pressure was obtained consistently in normotensive and hypotensive animals with mean blood pressures of 40 mmHg and frequently in animals with pressure as low as 30 mmHg. RESUME La pression arterielle moyenne fut obtenue sur 78 chevaux anesthesies ou en etat de veille au niveau de la queue. Des donnees furent recueillies pour concevoir une dimension optimale du bracelet par rapport au diametre de la queue. Un bracelet trop large sous-estime la pression arterielle et un bracelet trop etroit sur-estime cette pression. La largeur optimale du bracelet est superieure d'environ 1/5eme a la circonference de la queue. Les pressions moyennes recueillies etaient de l'ordre de 40 mm/Hg. Ainsi des pressions sanguines furent obtenues chez des animaux dont la pression moyenne etait de l'ordre de 40 mm/Hg et maeme aussi basse que 30 mm/Hg. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der durchschnittliche arterielle Druck wurde indirekt am Schweif von 78 narkotisierten und nicht narkotisierten normotensiven und hypotensiven Pferden gemessen. Die optimale Manschettenweite in Abhangigkeit vom Schweifumfang konnte bestimmt werden. Mit einer zu weiten Manschette werden zu tiefe, mit einer zu engen Manschette zu hohe Druckwerte gemessen. Bei der Verwendung einer optimalen Manschettenweite, etwas mehr als ein Funftel des Schweifumfanges, kann der durchschnittliche Blutdruck zuverlassig gemessen werden und zwar bei normotensiven und hypotensiven Pferden mit Werten von 40 mmHg und haufig auch bei Tieren mit Drucken unter 30 mmHg.
Actinomycosis manifesting as an acute painless lump of the jaw.

Actinomyces species and Arachnia propionica are slow-growing, Gram-positive bacteria which are part of the normal oral flora. Microscopically, they have a filamentous structure which gives them a fungus-like appearance. Infections caused by these bacteria are termed actinomycosis. Cervicofacial actinomycoses are usually painless, slow-growing, hard masses which can produce cutaneous fistulas, a condition commonly known as lumpy jaw. Less frequently, cervicofacial actinomycosis is an acute, tender, fluctuant mass suggestive of an acute pyogenic infection.1-4 Following are three pediatric cases of cervicofacial actinomycosis. Two cases, one of mandibular osteomyelitis and one of a paramandibular abscess, both occurred aytpically as acute woody masses without systemic illness.
Linear bispectrum of signals and identification of nonminimum phase FIR systems driven by colored input

The identification of non-minimum-phase finite-impulse-response (FIR) systems driven by third-order stationary colored signals that are not linear processes is addressed. Modeling the linear part of the bispectrum of a signal is discussed. The bispectrum of a signal is decomposed into two multiplicative factors. The linear bispectrum is defined as the factor of the bispectrum that can exactly be modeled using a third-order white-noise-driven linear shift-invariant (LSI) system. The linear bispectrum of the output of the unknown LSI system is represented using an ARMA (autoregressive moving average) model, where the MA parameters correspond to the unknown FIR system impulse response coefficients, and the AR parameters model the linear bispectrum of the input signal. An algorithm for identifying the MA and AR parameters is given. How the proposed method is different from fitting an ARMA model directly to the bicumulants or the bispectrum of the system output is discussed. The method is applied to blur identification. >
Trim32 reduces PI3K-Akt-FoxO signaling in muscle atrophy by promoting plakoglobin-PI3K dissociation.

Activation of the PI3K–Akt–FoxO pathway induces cell growth, whereas its inhibition reduces cell survival and, in muscle, causes atrophy. Here, we report a novel mechanism that suppresses PI3K–Akt–FoxO signaling. Although skeletal muscle lacks desmosomes, it contains multiple desmosomal components, including plakoglobin. In normal muscle plakoglobin binds the insulin receptor and PI3K subunit p85 and promotes PI3K–Akt–FoxO signaling. During atrophy, however, its interaction with PI3K–p85 is reduced by the ubiquitin ligase Trim32 (tripartite motif containing protein 32). Inhibition of Trim32 enhanced plakoglobin binding to PI3K–p85 and promoted PI3K–Akt–FoxO signaling. Surprisingly, plakoglobin overexpression alone enhanced PI3K–Akt–FoxO signaling. Furthermore, Trim32 inhibition in normal muscle increased PI3K–Akt–FoxO signaling, enhanced glucose uptake, and induced fiber growth, whereas plakoglobin down-regulation reduced PI3K–Akt–FoxO signaling, decreased glucose uptake, and caused atrophy. Thus, by promoting plakoglobin–PI3K dissociation, Trim32 reduces PI3K–Akt–FoxO signaling in normal and atrophying muscle. This mechanism probably contributes to insulin resistance during fasting and catabolic diseases and perhaps to the myopathies and cardiomyopathies seen with Trim32 and plakoglobin mutations.
Rotating Out-of-Plane Micromirror

Out-of-plane micromirrors have been developed for a wide range of applications including optical switching, beam steering, and precise transmission and reception of bio-optical signals. This paper focuses on the design, simulation, and testing of a rotating out-of-plane micromirror. The system consists of a polysilicon micromirror, which is erected to an out-of-plane position using a relatively simple postprocessing procedure. The mirror is mounted on a gear which has a rotational freedom of 360° and can be driven at frequencies ranging from 1 to 1000 Hz using an electrostatically actuated rotational drive. Multiple out-of-plane configurations of the mirror are possible, with each utilizing a serpentine spring that attaches the mirror to the gear and a position specific ?catch block? to allow 30 °, 45° , 60°, 75°, and 90° orientations of the mirror. This paper focuses on the 45° out-of-plane mirror, and it was tested for robustness as well as optical performance. A good correlation was found between experiment and various simulations.
Improved long term survival after intracavitary interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells for adults with recurrent malignant glioma.

Background. The median survival for adults with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is 12 months, despite surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Regimens using interleukin-2(IL-2) plus lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells have been beneficial against systemic cancers, albeit with significant toxicity. Methods. Nineteen adults with recurrent malignant glioma (5 GBMs, and 4 anaplastic astrocytomas (AA)), Karnofsky performance status 60 or greater, were treated with intracavitary autologous LAK cells plus IL-2 after reoperation. Lymphokine-activated killer cells and IL-2 were given on day 1, and IL-2 alone was given 5 times during a 2-week cycle. This cycle was repeated at 2 weeks to constitute one 6-week course of therapy. Each two-cycle course of treatment was repeated at 3-month intervals for patients with stable disease or response to therapy. At the conclusion of immunotherapy, all patients were offered chemotherapy, generally carmustine or procarbazine, including responders. Corticosteroids were strictly limited during immunotherapy. Sequential reservoir aspirates were obtained for microbiologic and cytologic analyses. Results. The maximal tolerated dose for a 12-dose course of therapy was 1.2 million international units (MIU) per dose. Dose-limiting, cumulative IL-2-related central nervous system (CNS) toxicity was observed at 2.4 MIU per dose. Three responses were confirmed by computed tomography scan during therapy: one complete response (CR) (1 AA), and two partial responses (PR) (2 GBM); as well as a significant increase in GBM survival. One additional CR (GBM) was observed at 17 months. The median survival for immunotherapy patients with GBM was 53 weeks after reoperation (N = 15) (mean, 87.9 21.4 weeks, standard error for the mean), with 8 of 15 surviving more than 1 year (53%). The median survival for 18 contemporary patients with GBM reoperated and treated with chemotherapy was 25.5 weeks (mean, 27.4 ± 3.7 weeks), with 1/18 alive at 1 year (>6%). Six of the 15 patients with GBM had additional surgery or biopsy, and chemotherapy after immunotherapy. The contribution of subsequent chemotherapy to survival cannot be discounted. Conclusions. Lymphokine-activated killer cells and IL-2 can be administered safely within the CNS resulting in improved long term survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Increased survival was associated with significant biologic changes characterized by a regional eosinophilia, and extensive lymphocytic infiltration. A prospective randomized clinical trial is warranted. Cancer 1995; 76:840–52.
A Hardware-based Architecture to Support Flexible Real-Time Parallel Intrusion Detection

Providing security in today's complex computing systems is a daunting task. As systems (of systems) grow both increasingly pervasive and complex, defending them from attack or mischance at the systems of systems level becomes ever more challenging. We propose moving some security monitoring tasks from software to hardware which will allow real time detection of intrusions and errors. Our flexible architecture uses re configurable logic (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)) and operates in parallel with a general purpose computing environment. To that end, new hardware primitives are proposed that allow for gathering and monitoring the state of the main processor transparently (that is, the main processor is unaware of the monitoring) in real time. The result is a decrease in workload for the main processor while enhancing security. The monitoring primitives are tightly coupled with the monitored software, and can readily and automatically respond to changes in system characteristics such as new software applications or devices. By focusing on specific system components, including their interface with other system components, we believe we can enhance system of system security in ways not readily achievable using conventional, system-wide monitoring techniques.
An Historical Perspective and a Model for Evaluation of Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

The purposes of this article are to 1) examine the changes which have occurred in the development and evaluation of ITS systems for the last twenty years, 2) speculate on future directions, and 3) propose a conceptual model to evaluate and institutionalize this technological innovation into training and educational settings. First, we review theoretical and technical dimensions that could be considered relevant to internal evaluation of ITS technology. Secondly, we discuss evaluation dimensions which, while external to ITS per se, are relevant for situational evaluation of any technological innovation. After theoretical and methodological discussions of intelligent features and effectiveness of ITS, its research and development activities are examined from a historical perspective. The development of ITS is divided into three stages and the development focus for each stage is discussed to show the shifts. It is observed that theoretical and methodological criticisms of ITS, needs unique to practical appli...
X-ray emission induced by 30 to 80 MeV alpha particles

Abstract Cross sections for the production of K- and L-shell vacancies by α-particles have been determined from measurements of K X-ray yields from thin targets of Fe, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Rh, Pd, Ag and Sn and L X-ray yields from thin targets of Sn, Tm, Ta and Au. The measurements were carried out at the α-particle energies of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 MeV using a Si(Li) semi-conductor X-ray spectrometer. In general, the α-particle ionization cross sections were found to be consistent with available proton ionization cross-section data although systematic differences have been observed. The experimental excitation functions were compared with the theoretical excitation functions based upon the Born approximation and found to rise more steeply than predicted, thus giving cross sections that are larger than the theoretical values.
Simple suboptimal design of Bayesian distributed detection systems

The authors analyze and compare two multi-sensor multi-observation detection schemes, and discuss their hardware complexity. The schemes are a Bayesian optimal parallel-sensor centralized architecture and a suboptimal binary distributed-detection system. Both systems have the same performance, as measured in terms of a Bayesian risk. The authors study two specific cases: (1) discrimination between two Gaussian populations which differ in their means; and (2) discrimination between two Poisson populations which differ in their parameters. The authors demonstrate the tradeoff between performance and hardware complexity, and calculate the cost in terms of hardware units of the design simplicity which characterizes the suboptimal system. It is shown that in the Gaussian case, a high signal-to-noise ratio, decentralized system with 2N sensor/detectors performs at least as well as the centralized system with N sensors and a single detector. >
Diffusion profiles of low dosages chromium ions implanted into (1 0 0) crystalline silicon

Abstract Chromium ions with low dosages (1×10 12 and 1×10 13 cm −2 ) are implanted into silicon (1 0 0) crystalline substrates. Thermal anneals were carried out at different temperatures between 300 and 1000 °C to study the effects of ion implantation dose on the Cr diffusion profiles. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been used to characterize the profiles of the Cr impurities. At 1×10 12 cm −2 dosage and 500 °C anneal, the diffusivity of Cr in Silicon is determined to be 1.0×10 −14 cm 2 s −1 .
DNA Replication Forks Pause at Silent Origins near the HML Locus in Budding Yeast

Chromosomal replicators in budding yeast contain an autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) that functions in a plasmid, but certain ARSs are silent as replication origins in their natural chromosomal context. In chromosome III, the HML ARS cluster (ARS302-ARS303-ARS320) and ARS301 flank the transcriptionally silent mating-type locus HML, and all of these ARSs are silent as replication origins. ARS301 and ARS302 function in transcriptional silencing mediated by the origin recognition complex (ORC) and a heterochromatin structure, while the functions of ARS303 and ARS320 are not known. In this work, we discovered replication fork pause sites at the HML ARS cluster and ARS301 by analyzing DNA replication intermediates from the chromosome via two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The replication fork pause at the HML ARS cluster was independent of cis- and trans-acting mutations that abrogate transcriptional silencing at HML. Deletion of the HML ARS cluster led to loss of the pause site. Insertion of a single, heterologous ARS (ARS305) in place of the HML ARS cluster reconstituted the pause site, as did multiple copies of DNA elements (A and B1) that bind ORC. The orc2-1 mutation, known to alter replication timing at origins, did not detectably affect the pause but activated the silent origin at the HML ARS cluster in a minority of cells. Delaying the time of fork arrival at HML led to the elimination of the pause sites at the HML ARS cluster and at the copy of ARS305 inserted in place of the cluster. Loss of the pause sites was accompanied by activation of the silent origins in the majority of cells. Thus, replication fork movement near HML pauses at a silent origin which is competent for replication initiation but kept silent through Orc2p, a component of the replication initiator. Possible functions for replication fork pause sites in checkpoints, S-phase regulation, mating-type switching, and transcriptionally silent heterochromatin are discussed.
AWE macromodels for nonlinear circuits

Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation (AWE) is an efficient and general technique for simulating linear(ized) circuits. This paper presents a strategy for macromodelling nonlinear circuits with AWE. These multi-region AWE macromodels represent an extension of piecewise linear models, with the addition of internal states. Each region represents an AWE approximation to a linearization (at some bias point) of the nonlinear circuit of interest. In addition a technique is presented for initializing the internal states for model transitions from one linearization to another during a transient simulation. >
Business process management in a day

Designing, building and testing an enterprise business process is what workshop participants did in this all-day, hands-on workshop. They created an application with tools that a business professional would use in a large to medium sized organization to build a complex yet flexible application. The most important processes were covered: an automated process that requires little administration by a person; and a case management application where a person decides what activities to do when a process starts.
Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance of Donors in AlxGa1-x as with High AlAs Fraction

Optical and magnetic properties of donors in high AlAsfraction AlxGa1-xAs have been determined using optically-detected magnetic resonance. Many samples exhibit a sharp resonance at g = 1.95 detected on midgap luminescence. One high-quality sample exhibits an exhange-broadened line which reveals a distribution in donor-acceptor pair separations on moderately deep emission. A second high-quality sample exhibits the donor ODMR on donor-to-shallow-acceptor photoluminescence.
Green Peach Aphid Feeding Damage to Potato in Various Plant Growth Stages

The effects of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) infestations on potato foliage and tuber production were studied at 3 consecutive degree-day (DD) intervals (ca. 20 days each). Plants were harvested immediately after an infestation period, or after infestation they were maintained aphid free until the end of the experiment. The interval of aphid-free growth after infestation was used to determine whether the plant could resume normal growth and how infestation affected final yield. Infested plants exhibited the following reductions in dry weight: first period (DD = 519), no tubers for comparison; second period (DD = 745), 54% reduction; and third period (DD = 963), 17% reduction. Plants maintained aphid free after first-period infestation showed a 35% reduction in tuber dry weight at final harvest. Aphid feeding during any period decreased the moisture content of infested leaves. Plants under the stress of early-season infestation allocated more resources for leaf growth, but stem growth was severely retarded.
Preparation and Activation of Complexes of the Type [((mesityl)NCH2CH2)2NX]ZrMe2 (X = H, Me) with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] or [PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4]

The zirconium dimethyl complexes [N2NX]ZrMe2 (N2NX = [(MesNCH2CH2)2NX]; Mes = mesityl; X = H (1a), Me (1b)), have “mer” structures in the solid state in which the amido nitrogens occupy “axial” positions in a trigonal bipyramid. The reaction of 1b with 1 equiv of [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] followed by addition of diethyl ether yielded the ether adduct {[N2NMe]ZrMe(Et2O)}+ (with [B(C6F5)4]- as the anion), an X-ray study of which revealed it to be a fac trigonal-bipyramidal species in which the diethyl ether is coordinated in an apical position. The reaction of 1b with 1 equiv of [PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4] led to {[N2NMe]ZrMe(NMe2Ph)}[B(C6F5)4], solution NMR studies of which suggest a structure analogous to that of {[N2NMe]ZrMe(Et2O)}+. Heating solutions of {[N2NMe]ZrMe(NMe2Ph)}[B(C6F5)4] led to C−H activation in one mesityl o-methyl group and formation of methane. The reaction of 1b with 0.5 equiv of [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] yielded [{[N2NMe]ZrMe}2(μ-Me)][B(C6F5)4] (5b), an X-ray diffraction study of which revealed an almost linea...
Preferential Use of Public TCR during Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

How the TCR repertoire, in concert with risk-associated MHC, imposes susceptibility for autoimmune diseases is incompletely resolved. Due largely to recombinatorial biases, a small fraction of TCRα or β-chains are shared by most individuals, or public. If public TCR chains modulate a TCRαβ heterodimer’s likelihood of productively engaging autoantigen, because they are pervasive and often high frequency, they could also broadly influence disease risk and progression. Prior data, using low-resolution techniques, have identified the heavy use of select public TCR in some autoimmune models. In this study, we assess public repertoire representation in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at high resolution. Saturation sequencing was used to identify >18 × 10 6 TCRβ sequences from the CNSs, periphery, and thymi of mice at different stages of autoimmune encephalomyelitis and healthy controls. Analyses indicated the prominent representation of a highly diverse public TCRβ repertoire in the disease response. Preferential formation of public TCR implicated in autoimmunity was identified in preselection thymocytes, and, consistently, public, disease-associated TCRβ were observed to be commonly oligoclonal. Increased TCR sharing and a focusing of the public TCR response was seen with disease progression. Critically, comparisons of peripheral and CNS repertoires and repertoires from preimmune and diseased mice demonstrated that public TCR were preferentially deployed relative to nonshared, or private, sequences. Our findings implicate public TCR in skewing repertoire response during autoimmunity and suggest that subsets of public TCR sequences may serve as disease-specific biomarkers or influence disease susceptibility or progression.
Analysis of the acute drug-induced dystonias in 77 children

Objective: To analyze the possible reasons and the clinical characteristics of acute drug-induced dystonia in children and to find out more effective prevention and treatment.Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on the records of children with acute drug-induced dystonia from 1999 to 2005,including analysis of the causes,clinical features,prevention and treatment.Results: The medicines,which caused the children acute drug-induced dystonia were metoclopramide,haloperidol,perphenazine,penfluridol,and then the cold powder in turn.Conclusions: The children with acute dystonia induced by misuse of dugs are not uncommon in clinic.Doctors should pay more attention to it and teach their parents general knowledge about this disease.