cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FFTs in external of hierarchical memory

Conventional algorithms for computing large one-dimensional fast Fourier transforms (FFTs), even those algorithms recently developed for vector and parallel computers, are largely unsuitable for systems with external or hierarchical memory. The principal reason for this is the fact that most FFT algorithms require at least m complete passes through the data set to compute a 2m-point FFT. This paper describes some advanced techniques for computing an ordered FFT on a computer with external or hierarchical memory. These algorithms (1) require as few as two passes through the external data set, (2) employ strictly unit stride, long vector transfers between main memory and external storage, (3) require only a modest amount of scratch space in main memory, and (4) are well suited for vector and parallel computation. Performance figures are included for implementations of some of these algorithms on Cray supercomputers. Of interest is the fact that a main memory version outperforms the current Cray library FFT routines on the Cray-2, the Cray X-MP, and the Cray Y-MP systems. Using all eight processors on the Cray Y-MP, this main memory routine runs at nearly two gigaflops.
Mechanism of rate enhancement of wood fiber saccharification by cationic polyelectrolytes

Cationic polyelectrolytes can increase the cellulase-induced hydrolysis rates of bleached wood fiber. We show that the polymer associates mainly with the amorphous region of fiber and acts principally on endoglucanase. Fiber/water partitioning of the enzyme follows a Langmuir isotherm for the untreated fiber but a Freundlich isotherm is obeyed for the polymer-treated fiber.
When Seeing Is Not Believing: Children's Understanding of Humans' and Non-Humans' Use of Background Knowledge in Interpreting Visual Displays

To explore 3- to 7-year-old children's developing understanding of human and non-human minds, a battery of "background knowledge" tasks was administered to 51 American children. The children were asked to speculate about how three other intentional agents (mother, dog, and God) would understand various visual displays. First, children answered when they themselves did not understand the displays, then they answered after they had been given information necessary to understand the displays. Results revealed that children begin to understand the role of background knowledge around the same age that they pass false-belief tasks; and that before thoroughly understanding the role of background knowledge they already begin to discriminate between different types of minds. By age four, children began to show some understanding that because of having different minds than people, God is more able and dogs are less able to understand some visual displays even with full visual access.
High temperature 17O MAS NMR study of calcia, magnesia, scandia and yttria stabilized zirconia

Abstract High-resolution 17 O MAS NMR can provide unique constraints on local structure and oxide ion dynamics in conductive zirconia ceramics of interest for fuel cells and other technologies. We describe here NMR and bulk conductivity measurements for scandia, yttria, calcia, and magnesia stabilized zirconias, including MAS NMR spectra collected in situ at temperatures up to 700 °C. All of the cubic compounds with high dopant levels showed line narrowing and coalescence in this temperature range, and the temperature-induced changes in line widths are qualitatively correlated with the bulk conductivities. A monoclinic zirconia with 2% Sc 2 O 3 dopant level (expected to have relatively low ionic mobility) showed no motional averaging of its two 17 O NMR peaks even at 600 °C, but instead is observed to begin to transform to a disordered, possibly cubic or tetragonal phase at 600 to 700 °C. 17 O MAS NMR spectra of calcia stabilized zirconia were analyzed in detail and the exchange frequencies as a function of temperature, conductivity, and activation energy were estimated and compared with bulk conductivities. The activation energy estimated from NMR exchange frequencies is somewhat lower than that of bulk conductivity but the conductivities estimated from NMR appear to be lower than bulk conductivity.
The osmoregulatory effects of rearing Mozambique tilapia in a tidally changing salinity.

The native distribution of Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, is characterized by estuarine areas subject to salinity variations between fresh water (FW) and seawater (SW) with tidal frequency. Osmoregulation in the face of changing environmental salinity is largely mediated through the neuroendocrine system and involves the activation of ion uptake and extrusion mechanisms in osmoregulatory tissues. We compared plasma osmolality, plasma prolactin (PRL), pituitary PRL mRNA, and mRNA of branchial ion pumps, transporters, channels, and PRL receptors in tilapia reared in FW, SW, brackish water (BW) and in tidally-changing salinity, which varied between FW (TF) and SW (TS) every 6h. Plasma PRL was higher in FW tilapia than in SW, BW, TF, and TS tilapia. Unlike tilapia reared in FW or SW, fish in salinities that varied tidally showed no correlation between plasma osmolality and PRL. In FW fish, gene expression of PRL receptor 1 (PRLR1), Na(+)/Cl(-) cotransporter (NCC), aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and two isoforms of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA α1a and NKA α1b) was higher than that of SW, BW or tidally-changing salinity fish. Gene expression of the Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC1a), and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) were higher in fish in SW, BW or a tidally-changing salinity than in FW fish. Immunocytochemistry revealed that ionocytes of fish in tidally-changing salinities resemble ionocytes of SW fish. This study indicated that tilapia reared in a tidally-changing salinity can compensate for large changes in external osmolality while maintaining osmoregulatory parameters within a narrow range closer to that observed in SW-acclimated fish.
The Choroid Plexus: Immunologic Injury and Disease

Excerpt During the last few years it has become apparent that immunologic mechanisms are involved in cell and tissue injury in a variety of human diseases. Two immunopathogenic processes have been ...
Multiscale medial description of gray-scale image structure

The computation of structural descriptions of objects in images can contribute to many image analysis tasks including measurement, registration, and object formation and identification. Edge-based structural descriptions fail to support the creation of coherent objects. Medial descriptions provide better support for object formation and measurement. We demonstrate an artificial visual system that uses outputs of Gaussian derivative filters to infer a multiscale medial axis (MMA) in 2-D grayscale images. Properties of the MMA are illustrated.
LACK OF BACITRACIN INHIBITION BY GROUP A BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI

Sixty-four cultures obtained from Costa Rican children with acute pharyngitis were evaluated for the presence of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) by the bacitracin inhibition test performed on primary plates. Of the thirty-three cultures showing beta-hemolytic, only two (9%) demonstrated bacitracin inhibition. The Directogen latex agglutination test was performed on mixed colonies from the 33 plates demonstrating beta-hemolysis. Of these, 12 (36%) were positive for GABHS, 19 were negative and 2 were uninterpretable. Of the 12 positives, 8 (24%) could be isolated and confirmed as Group A by the Phadebact Streptococcal Grouping Method. Four (12%) could not be isolated. These data suggest that there is a high rate of bacitracin resistance among GABHS in Costa Rica, and that the bacitracin disc inhibition test on primary plates should not be relied upon due to a lack of sensitivity inherent in the technique.
Symbiont nitrogenase, alder growth, and soil nitrate response to phosphorus addition in alder (Alnus incana ssp. rugosa) wetlands of the Adirondack Mountains, New York State, USA

Speckled alder (Alnus incana ssp. rugosa) is a characteristic species of scrub-shrub 1-type wetlands, the second most common wetland type in major watersheds of the Adirondack Mountains in New York State. Speckled alder is an actinorhizal nitrogen fixer that relies heavily on N 2 over soil N and fixes substantial amounts of nitrogen in wetlands, resulting in little vegetation processing of anthropogenic N between alder-shrub wetlands and streams. Phosphorus (P) is an element that limits nitrogen fixation and plant growth. However, studies testing this hypothesis in the field, especially for actinorhizal plants, are very few. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential limitation of N fixation and growth in speckled alder by P, and to determine interactions between P fertilization and nitrate levels in riparian alder stands in a region that receives elevated N in atmospheric deposition. P fertilization significantly increased specific nitrogenase activity during the seasonal peak in early August. Nitrate concentrations were greater in reference plots compared to treatment plots, and phosphate concentrations were lower in reference plots compared to treatment plots over a period of 6 weeks in the growing season. There was a significant twig and foliar biomass response to P fertilization in the second year after fertilization, but no significant change in individual biomass or relative numbers of different sized nodules. Response of nitrogen fixation to P appears limited to a brief but significant increase in specific activity of nitrogenase late in the growing season, but P stimulated growth of above ground tissues 1 year following fertilizer application, and decreased resin-captured nitrate beneath riparian speckled alder. These results suggest that growth of alder and growth or activity of soil microbes, rather than nitrogen fixation, is P limited in riparian wetlands dominated by speckled alder, and that P controls nitrate leaching in these near-stream systems. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Hair Ethyl Glucuronide is Highly Sensitive and Specific for Detecting Moderate-to-Heavy Drinking in Patients with Liver Disease

Aims: Hair ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a promising biomarker of moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption and may have utility in detecting and monitoring alcohol use in clinical populations where alcohol use is of particular importance. This study evaluated the relationship between hair EtG and drinking in patients with liver disease. Methods: The subjects (n = 200) were patients with liver disease who presented for care at a university medical center. Alcohol use during the 3 months preceding participation in the study was assessed, and a sample of hair was obtained for EtG testing. Classification of drinking status (any drinking or averaging at least 28 g per day) by hair EtG was evaluated, as well as the effects of liver disease severity and demographic and hair care factors. Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for detecting an average of 28 g or more per day during the prior 90 days was 0.93. The corresponding sensitivity and specificity of hair EtG ≥8 pg/mg for averaging at least 28 g of ethanol per day were 92 and 87%, respectively. Cirrhosis and gender may have a modest influence on the relationship between drinking and hair EtG. Conclusion: Hair EtG was highly accurate in differentiating subjects with liver disease averaging at least 28 g of ethanol per day from abstainers and lighter drinkers.
Chatter in the Strip Rolling Process, Part 1: Dynamic Model of Rolling

This paper presents the development of a new dynamic model of the rolling process which provides estimates of the variations in exit gage, strip speed and tension at entry and exit, rolling force and rolling torque in response to variations in roll separation as well as the rate of change of the roll spacing. This two-dimensional dynamic model employs the Tresca friction factor approach instead of Amontons-Coulomb friction law.
Soliton ratchets induced by excitation of internal modes.

Recently Flach et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 184101 (2002)] used a symmetry analysis to predict the appearance of directed energy current in homogeneously spatially extended systems coupled to a heat bath in the presence of an external ac field $E(t)$. Their symmetry analysis allowed them to make the right choice of $E(t)$ so as to obtain symmetry breaking which causes directed energy transport for systems with a nonzero topological charge. Their numerical simulations verified the existence of the directed energy current. They argued that the origin of their strong rectification in the underdamped limit is due to the excitation of internal modes and their interaction with the translational kink motion. The internal mode mechanism as a cause of current rectification was also proposed by Salerno and Zolotaryuk [Phys. Rev. E. 65, 056603 (2002)]. We use a rigorous collective variable for nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations to prove that the rectification of the current is due to the excitation of an internal mode $\ensuremath{\Gamma}(t)$, which describes the oscillation of the slope of the kink, and due to a dressing of the bare kink by the ac driver. The internal mode $\ensuremath{\Gamma}(t)$ is excited by its interaction with the center of mass of the kink, $X(t)$, which is accelerated by $E(t)$. The external field $E(t)$ also causes the kink to be dressed. We derive the expressions for the dressing and numerically solve the equations of motion for $\ensuremath{\Gamma}(t)$, $X(t)$, and the momentum $P(t)$, which enable us to obtain the explicit expressions for the directed energy current and the ac driven kink profile. We then show that the directed energy current vanishes unless the slope $\ensuremath{\Gamma}(t)$ is a dynamical variable and the kink is dressed by the ac driver.
Noninvasive three-dimensional cardiac activation imaging of ventricular arrhythmias in the rabbit heart

In the present study, a physical-model based three-dimensional (3-D) cardiac electrical imaging (3-DCEI) technique was evaluated with the aid of 3-D intra-cardiac mapping from 200 intramural sites during norepinephrine (NE) induced ventricular arrhythmias in the rabbit heart. Body surface potentials and intramural bipolar electrical recordings using plunge-needle electrodes were simultaneously measured in a closed-chest condition in a healthy rabbit. The non-invasively imaged activation sequence correlated well with invasively measured counterparts, with an averaged correlation coefficient of 0.70, and a relative error of 0.30. The sites of initial activation were well localized to be within ∼5mm from the initiation sites determined from intra-cardiac mapping. The present experimental results suggest that the 3-DCEI approach can reconstruct 3-D ventricular global activation sequence and localize the origin of activation during focal ventricular arrhythmias.
Alcohol Intake, Drinking Patterns, and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Large Prospective Cohort Study

Alcohol drinking has been extensively studied in relation to prostate cancer, yet findings on the direction of the association are equivocal. Previous studies have not examined drinking patterns. Thus, the authors prospectively evaluated the associations between these factors and risk of incident prostate cancer (n = 2,479) in a cohort study of 47,843 US men (1986-1998). The men completed a questionnaire at baseline that included information on consumption of specific types of alcohol and frequency of use. The authors estimated hazard ratios using Cox proportional hazards regression for average alcohol intake and number of days per week on which alcohol was consumed stratified by average weekly intake ( or = 105 g/week). Compared with nondrinking, the hazard ratio for consumption increased slightly from an average of 5.0-14.9 g/day (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94, 1.18) to 30.0-49.9 g/day (HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.33), but it was not increased at > or = 50 g/day (HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.77, 1.31) after adjustment for recent smoking and other factors. Compared with abstainers, risk was greatest among men who consumed an average of > or = 105 g/week but who drank on only 1-2 days per week (HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.38). These results suggest that moderate or greater alcohol consumption is not a strong contributor to prostate cancer risk, except possibly in men who consume large amounts infrequently.
EutR Is a Direct Regulator of Genes That Contribute to Metabolism and Virulence in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

ABSTRACT Ethanolamine (EA) metabolism is a trait associated with enteric pathogens, including enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC). EHEC causes severe bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. EHEC encodes the ethanolamine utilization ( eut ) operon that allows EHEC to metabolize EA and gain a competitive advantage when colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. The eut operon encodes the transcriptional regulator EutR. Genetic studies indicated that EutR expression is induced by EA and vitamin B 12 and that EutR promotes expression of the eut operon; however, biochemical evidence for these interactions has been lacking. We performed EA-binding assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) to elucidate a mechanism for EutR gene regulation. These studies confirmed EutR interaction with EA, as well as direct binding to the eutS promoter. EutR also contributes to expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) in an EA-dependent manner. We performed EMSAs to examine EutR activation of the LEE. The results demonstrated that EutR directly binds the regulatory region of the ler promoter. These results present the first mechanistic description of EutR gene regulation and reveal a novel role for EutR in EHEC pathogenesis.
Analytical Relationship between Anion Formation and Carrier-Trap Statistics in Chalcogenide Glass Films

An analytical mapping for electron trapping in chalcogenide glass (ChG)films is derived which equates anion formation (dissolution) reactions and carrier-trap statistics. Glass binaries composed of chalcogen atoms contain high densities of negative charge that result from chemical reactions involving free electrons. This process of anion formation and dissolution between an electron and a neutral species is shown to be equivalent to standard models for carrier statistics. The derived equivalence reduces chemical reaction equations into statistics calculations performed through conventional semiconductor device simulation. The proposed mapping is shown to be valid for both equilibrium and steady state photogeneration conditions. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any
Pediatric Vocal Fold Paralysis/Immobility

Abstract The pediatric otolaryngologist is frequently asked to see children with stridor and hoarseness. A very commonly seen cause of these problems is impaired vocal fold mobility. The use of the...
Motor vehicle driver injury severity study under various traffic control at highway-rail grade crossings in the United States

Abstract Introduction Based on the Federal Railway Administration (FRA) database, approximately 62% of the collisions at highway-rail crossings occurred at locations with active controls (gate and flashing lights), followed by passive controls (cross bucks and stop signs) with approximately 28% of accidents. Method The study applied an ordered probit model to explore the determinants of driver injury severity under various control measures at highway-rail grade crossing in the United States. Results The analysis found that schedule factor (peak hour), visibility, motor vehicle speed, train speed, driver’s age, area type, traffic volume and highway pavement impact driver injury severity at both active and passive highway-rail crossings. Practical Applications For both active and passive control highway-rail grade crossings, speed control for both trains and vehicles will significantly reduce driver injury severity. However, the level of influence by vehicle speed and train speed at passive control is higher compared with active control. Paving highways at highway-rail grade crossings will also help to reduce driver injury severity at highway-rail crossing accidents.
Haptic Devices as Objective Measures for Motor Skill

We have developed engaging virtual environments using haptic technology for the purpose of both understanding functional activity and restoring functionality to disabled individuals. To assess our virtual environments, we used 21 able-bodied subjects and examined their motor performance by comparing several metrics captured by the simulations to the completion time. We discovered that individuals were highly engaged during our simulation, and the motor performance across subjects improved with each repeated trial. We showed how to use motor performance metrics that can be captured by the device can accurately predict completion time. We also developed several metrics for estimating object interaction difficulty.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of dimolybdenum tetracarboxylates and a decanuclear osmium cluster

Abstract An improved method for the synthesis of dimolybdenum tetracarboxylates has been developed. The standard procedure for the preparation of these compounds involves extended reflux (up to 20 h) of a mixture of Mo(CO) 6 and the appropriate carboxylic acid, along with its anhydride, under an inert atmosphere. Using a microwave reactor and a closed vessel, Mo 2 (acetate) 4 , Mo 2 (propionate) 4 and Mo 2 (benzoate) 4 have been prepared in superior yields in less than 1 h. Furthermore, this new method does not require the use of the acid anhydride or the use of an inert gas. An improved method for the preparation of [N(PPh 3 ) 2 ] 2 [Os 10 C(CO) 24 ] directly from Os 3 (CO) 12 has also been developed. The published synthesis of this osmium cluster calls for the pyrolysis of Os 3 (CO) 11 (py) for 64 h. Microwave irradiation of a mixture of Os 3 (CO) 12 and diglyme in a closed vessel yields the desired product in just over 1 h.
Testicular seminoma presenting with duodenal perforation: a case report

Introduction Testicular neoplasms metastasizing to the retroperitoneum rarely involve the upper gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal tract metastases usually present with complications including intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and rarely ulceration of the bowel mucosa.
Incarceration and the Legitimate Labor Market: Examining Age-Graded Effects on Employment and Wages

Over the past 30 years, the U.S. inmate population has increased dramatically, and the penal system has acquired growing attention in accounts of recent trends in economic stratification. As the prison system has expanded, its population has aged; incarceration rates have risen sharpest among older age groups. A large body of research documents differences in criminal offending and incarceration over the life course, but little attention has been paid to how the effects of spending time in prison depend on the timing of incarceration in the life course. Using state administrative data that provide significant variance in the age of offenders, this article investigates how the timing of incarceration in the life course influences its effects on post-release employment and wages. We do not find consistent evidence that incarceration effects vary by age at admission. Instead, incarceration appears to have important consequences for employment and wage outcomes regardless of when individuals are admitted to prison. Even the most motivated offenders suffer sizeable and significant wage penalties and, over time, decreased likelihood of employment. These findings underscore the relevance of legal and institutional shifts associated with carceral expansion and the aging of the inmate population for life course theories of criminal desistance, accounts of labor market inequality, and prisoner reentry programs.
Developmental Changes in the Nicotinic Responses of Ciliary Ganglion Neurons

Blumenthal, Edward M., Richard D. Shoop, and Darwin K. Berg. Developmental changes in the nicotinic responses of ciliary ganglion neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 111–120, 1999. The accumulation of fu...
Some Economic Aspects of Agricultural Control

W 1,'fITHIN very broad limits, Americans are free to bid for goods and services and to allocate their capital as they please. The relative investment of capital in various lines is roughly determined by consumer preferences. Imputed returns are largely available for private disposition by the owners of resources. As an integral part of private capitalism, a social system which is still basically individualistic has arisen. Despite increasing intervention by government as buyer, seller, producer or financier, the American economy is still guided in the main by the separate efforts of consumers to maximize returns from their incomes and of producers to maximize returns from the use of their resources. At least two undesirable aspects of the farm income pattern appear to be closely related to this private capitalistic structure of the economy. At any rate, their solution has often been sought through attempts to restrict the expression of individual economic competition. Long-run Inequality. First, the farm sector of the economy has long been disadvantaged in money income. This disparity is attributable to inequalities in human productivity which arise out of inequalities in training and in employment opportunities and out of a variety of pressures which limit the mobility or impede the revaluation of capital. The productivity of capital equipment and land varies among racial, occupational, and geographic groups. The ratio of manpower to productive resources also varies. Any permanent lessening of occupational inequality of long-run income must increase the relative productivity of labor or the ratio of resources to people in the depressed sectors. However, efforts have long been made to enhance farm income by subsidies or supports and through production or marketing controls. Such devices can conceivably increase the relative share of the national dividend accruing to farmers. They do not, however, necessarily lead to an increased total dividend nor are they self liquidating nor even permanently operational. Non-commerical farmers are most seriously disadvantaged relative to other occupa-
Robust ambulance allocation using risk-based metrics

This paper focuses on robust location strategies for a fleet of ambulances in cities in order to maximize service levels under unexpected demand patterns. Our work is motivated by the fact that when small parts of networks incur emergencies according to a heavy-tailed distribution, the structure of the network under resource constraints results in the entire system behaving in a heavy-tailed manner. To address this, metrics other than average-case need to be used. We achieve robust location strategies by including risk metrics that account for tail behavior and not average performance alone. Because of the exponentially large solution space for locating K ambulances in N locations on the network, our approach is based on an efficient algorithm that allows for optimizing based on these risk metrics. We show that optimizing based on risk measures can account for spatiotemporal patterns and prevent the extent of delay cascades that are typically seen in heavy-tailed arrival distributions. From our computational results based on data from a large Asian city, we show that planning with some robustness metrics as targets leads to solutions that perform well in heavy-tailed demand scenarios.
Does size matter to the health care professional

Americans are very cautious of saying that differences matter and frequently advocate that differences, in fact, do not matter. In an effort to be nondiscriminatory, we are not supposed to think, let alone say, that race, sex, religion, and culture matter and, certainly, that size matters. We are supposed to accept differences and to love everything about ourselves. Thus, whether we are fat, short, flat chested; have thinning hair; have a receding hair line; or have bulges where we would rather not have them, we are supposed to be satisfied with ourselves, accept others as they are, and feel that everyone is equal. However, after only a brief exposure to television, travel magazines, or the Internet, we soon are faced with the truth that size is being used to sell and promote products and therefore must matter.
A Tentative Identification of the Nature of {113} Stacking Faults in Si – Model and Experiment

An atomic model with fully bonded interstitial atoms is proposed for the {113} stacking faults (SF). It is shown that the development of the {113} habit plane is a result of minimizing bond length changes. The fault may be represented by a ${1 \over {11}} $ partial dislocation and a ${3 \over {22}} $ partial will facilitate an unfaulting reaction to result in a ${1 \over {2}} $ edge dislocation. Lattice images were obtained for a {113} SF which showed that the model is essentially correct.
Evangelical Underdogs: Intrinsic Success, Organizational Solidarity, and Marginalized Identities as Religious Movement Resources

The evangelical crisis pregnancy center (CPC) movement demonstrates both low rates of success and robust support from evangelicals. I draw upon three theoretical frameworks—subcultural identity, or...
The Challenge of the Underdeveloped National Market

This study of American business reaction to the national markets of Asia, Africa, and Latin America reveals considerable insensitivity to these markets.The author shows the need for information abo...
Purpura: diagnostic possibilities.

When hemostatic defenses break down because of coagulation, platelet or blood vessel defects, purpura can ensue. Most commonly, thrombocytopenia causes purpura, but it can also result from too little platelet factor 3 activity, too many platelets, or nonadhesive platelets. In evaluating purpura, physicians sometimes must also consider congenital disorders, infectious disease, emboli, allergic purpura, metabolic states, and factitial purpura.
A retrospective look at anthranilic diamide insecticides: discovery and lead optimization to chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole

Anthranilic diamides are an important commercial synthetic class of insecticides (IRAC Group 28) that bind to the ryanodine receptor with selective potency against insect versus mammalian forms of the receptor. The first commercialized diamide, chlorantraniliprole, has exceptional activity against lepidopteran pests. The second anthranilamide product, cyantraniliprole, has excellent cross-spectrum activity against a range of insect orders, including both lepidopteran and hemipteran pests. Here, a retrospective look is presented on the discovery of the class, along with chemistry highlights of the lead evolution to both products. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evolution of a highly successful in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer program.

During the first 2 1 2 years of operation of the University of California at Los Angeles in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer program, 47 clinical pregnancies were achieved in 154 laparoscopies for oocyte aspiration (31%). Two of these pregnancies were achieved through transfer of cryopreserved embryos when ongoing pregnancy did not result from embryo transfer in the stimulated cycle. An increase in clinical implantation was noted with a reduction of transfer volume and proportion of air, with 34% of laparoscopies being followed by clinical pregnancy over the last 18months. No difference in the rate of clinical pregnancy was noted relative to uterine depth or position. The high rate of multiple implantation (47%) suggested a high level of embryo quality. The success rate was attributed to a strong ovarian, human menopausal gonadotropin stimulation, accurate timing of human chorionic gonadotropin, a high oocyte retrieval rate, meticulous laboratory technique, atraumatic, high-fundal transfer of embryos, and initiation of embryo cryopreservation.
Fragment and Totality: The Ghost Story and Early Victorian Realism

The early Victorian period, which is to say the middle decades of the nineteenth century, was a period in which many of the characteristic parameters, figures, tropes and tricks of the ghost story were codified. Sheridan Le Fanu’s ghost stories introduced many of these characteristics, and Dickens, especially through his editorship of All the Year Round, standardized them. The Christmas special edition, with its series of related stories by multiple authors, held together by a coherent narrative frame, became a conspicuous framework. Largely through Dickens’s efforts, the ghost story shifted to the center of the Victorian reading public’s attention.
Influence of Stem Length on the Femoral Fit of Cemented Hip Implants

Introduction The Exeter cemented polished tapered stem design was introduced into clinical practice in the early 19709s. [i] Design and cement visco-elastic properties define clinical results [ii]; a recent study by Carrington et al. reported the Exeter stem has 100% survivorship at 7 years. [iii] Exeter stems with offsets 37.5–56 mm have length 150 mm (shoulder to tip). Shorter stems, lengths 95–125 mm, exist in offsets 30–35.5 mm. The Australian National Joint Replacement Registry recently published that at 7 years the shorter stems are performing as well as longer stems on the registry [iv]. Clinical observation indicates in some cases of shorter, narrower femora that fully seating a 150 mm stem9s rasp in the canal can be difficult, which may affect procedural efficiency. This study investigates the comparative risk of rasp distal contact for the Exeter 150 mm stem or a 125 mm stem. Materials and Methods Rasps for 37.5, 44, 50 mm offset, No.1, 150 mm length stems (Exeter, Stryker Orthopaedics, Mahwah NJ) were compared with shortened length models using SOMA™ (Stryker Orthopaedics Modeling and Analytics technology). 637 patients9 CT scanned femora were filtered for appropriate offset and size by measuring femoral-head to femoral-axis distance and midsection cancellous bone width (AP view). These femora were analyzed for distal contact (rasp to cortices) for 150 mm and 125 mm models (Figure 1). The widths of the rasp9s distal tip and the cancellous bone boundary were compared to assess contact for each femur in the AP and ML views; the rasp was aligned along an ideal axis and flexed in order to pass through the femoral neck (ML view only). Results The sample size of appropriate patients totaled 238 femora. In the AP view, the rasp exhibited contact in 43 cases for a 150 mm stem but in 0 cases for a 125 mm stem; 95% of bones with contact were Champagne Fluted. In the ML view, rasp distal contact occurred in 52 femora for a 150 mm stem and in 1 femur for a 125 mm stem (Table 1). The difference was significant in both views with p Discussion This study shows that a shortened stem design9s rasp avoids distal contact. Shorter stem rasps resolved all cases where there was a risk of contact with a 150 mm rasp and reduced the likelihood of contact (one case compared to 52), AP and ML views respectively. These results indicate that shorter stems may address patients with champagne-fluted and/or excessively bowed femora, commonly found in the Asian population[v]. Contact avoidance may improve rasp seating height (AP view) and alignment with the femoral axis (ML view), thereby increasing procedural efficiency and producing an optimal cement mantle distally.[vi] The data shows that a total 29% of appropriate model patients would benefit from a shorter stem. Shorter cemented stems may effectively address the global population9s needs in THR.
Impact of individual clinical outcomes on trial participants' perspectives on enrollment in emergency research without consent

Background:Evidence suggests that patients are generally accepting of their enrollment in trials for emergency care conducted under exception from informed consent. It is unknown whether individuals with more severe initial injuries or worse clinical outcomes have different perspectives. Determining whether these differences exist may help to structure post-enrollment interactions.Methods:Primary clinical data from the Progesterone for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury trial were matched to interview data from the Patients’ Experiences in Emergency Research–Progesterone for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury study. Answers to three key questions from Patients’ Experiences in Emergency Research–Progesterone for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury study were analyzed in the context of enrolled patients’ initial injury severity (initial Glasgow Coma Scale and Injury Severity Score) and principal clinical outcomes (Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale and Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale relative to in...
High-energy, high-efficiency, and high-repetition-rate OPCPA at 1.7 μm

A 3 mJ, two-cycle (11.4 fs), 1 kHz, carrier-envelope phase (CEP)-stable laser at 1.7 μm is developed via a three-stage optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA) in BiB 3 O 6 . This is an ideal driver for generating isolated attosecond pulses in the soft x-ray region.
State legislation and the use of complementary and alternative medicine

There are increasing attempts at the federal and state levels to change regulations for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).
Papal paralysis: how the Vatican dealt with the AIDS crisis

In 2010, Pope Benedict XVI set off some shockwaves within the Catholic Church when he hinted that, under certain circumstances, the use of condoms could be morally permissible as a means of reducin...
The Politics of Foreign Direct Investment in Authoritarian Regimes

ABSTRACTWhile political scientists find that democracy reduces political risk, little scholarship analyzes how authoritarian regimes attract foreign direct investment (FDI). This article argues that while authoritarian countries are generally risky, this risk can be minimized when authoritarian regimes are constrained from both “above” and “below.” Signing international investment treaties are critical for authoritarian countries to signal a commitment to FDI-friendly policies. However, only authoritarian signatories that allow some degree of public deliberation in their policymaking are then constrained from deviating from the policies of the international investment treaties. Panel statistical regressions and a case analysis support the hypothesis.
Introducing Place Value.

The purpose of placevalue learning activities in the first grade is to associate sets grouped by tens and ones with two-digit numerals. The activities described in the following paragraphs for numerals 10 through 99 can be repeated in second grade for numerals 100 through 999. Then the concept of exchange can be introduced. Although the learning activities are described here as if the teacher and child were working one to one, you can easily adapt each activity for smallgroup instruction and learning centers. It is better to have each child in the group do a complete task present the questions and activities to him, praise his correct responses, and correct his errors with the suggested comments than to have the children in the group take turns answering the questions within the task. All the described activities were de-
Identifying Verb Arguments and their Syntactic Function in the Penn Treebank.

In this paper, we present a tool that allows one to automatically extract verb argument-structure from the Penn Treebank as well as from other corpora annotated with the Penn Treebank release 2 conventions. More specifically, we examine each possible sequence of tags, both functional and categorial and determine whether such a sequence indicates an obligatory argument, an optional argument or a modifier. We argue that this approach is more fine-grained and thus more satisfactory than the existing approaches which have aimed at determining argumenthood in the Penn Treebank. The goal of this work is to provide a set of sufficiently general and fine-grained rules as well as an implementation which will be reusable and freely available to the research community.
BLOCKING IN NONDERIVED ENVIRONMENTS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses blocking in non-derived environments. Previous treatments of non-derived environment blocking (NDEB) have not succeeded in reconciling empirical coverage with theoretical adequacy. The revised alternation condition (RAC) provides a descriptively fairly accurate circumscription of the phenomenon, except that formulating the constraint as a categorical prohibition of absolute neutralization is probably too strong. The RAC is, however, clearly unsatisfactory as a principle of grammar, because of the formal indefinability of the class of neutralization rules, the undesirability of having different principles for obligatory and optional rules, and the dubious status of the concept of derived environment. The strict cycle condition, on the other hand, is preferable on general theoretical grounds but simply fails to match the facts in many specific instances. The chapter presents a new interpretation that resolves this dilemma. It makes essential use of underspecification and of decomposition of structure-changing rules. Its main advantages are that it reduces the blocking effects to independent principles of grammar, predicts their restriction to structure-building rules and to non-vacuous rule applications, recaptures the empirical generalizations behind the original restriction of the alternation condition to obligatory neutralization rules, and correctly subsumes the free element condition of prosodic phonology.
Patient satisfaction and outcomes of static progressive stretch bracing: a 10-year prospective analysis.

Background: Multiple surgical and non-surgical modalities are available for patients suffering from shoulder elbow, forearm, wrist, knee and ankle stiffness. For most patients, bracing can provide optimal therapy to restore functional range of motion (ROM). Three commonly used bracing mechanisms include static progressive stretch (SPS), turnbuckle, and dynamic bracing. However, although, in general, these three brace types have been shown to have successful outcomes, there are a number of different manufacturers, and company specific designs might affect outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze 10 years of prospectively collected patient satisfaction and outcomes data from a single brace company. Specifically, we evaluated: (I) mobility, (II) pain, (III) stiffness, (IV) swelling, and (V) any adverse events of patients treated with an SPS brace. Methods: From 2007 to 2017, data from a total of 167,751 patients treated with a JAS Brace (Joint Active Systems Inc., Effingham, IL, USA) were prospectively collected through a cross-sectional survey addressing various outcomes such as pain, stiffness, swelling and mobility. More specifically, patients were asked “Are you having pain?”, “Do you have any stiffness?”, “Do you have any swelling?”, and “Do you feel your mobility has improved?” Patients who answered “yes” were then asked to categorize their response as either worse, same, or better (or improvement) for pain, stiffness, and swelling. For mobility, patients answered either “yes”, “no”, or “undecided”. This data was then graphed and a yearly trends analysis was performed. We also assessed the number of complaints as well as any device related adverse events. Results: In 2008, 59% of patients reported no pain, 45% no stiffness, and 79% no swelling after device use. Those numbers increased by 2013, to 70% of patients reporting no pain, 79% reporting no stiffness, and 84% reporting no swelling after brace use. A consistent positive trend was also seen for mobility, with at least 90% of patients reporting improved mobility after orthosis use. The number of complaints decreased from 38 in 2007 to 3 in 2017. No patients experienced any device related serious injuries. Conclusions: Overall, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate a brace designed to improve ROM also has significant effect on pain, stiffness, and swelling. These results are of particular importance, since no other study reports prospective data on thousands of patients showing that a bracing system substantially reduces pain and stiffness. These data indicate that not only or these SPS braces effective in improving functional ROM with high rate of success and no significant complications, but this bracing system has a significant effect on improving pain and stiffness. Based on the results from this study, patients suffering from shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, knee and/or ankle pathology can expect excellent clinical outcomes by using one of the above braces.
Are sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychosocial characteristics associated with sexual orientation group differences in mental health disparities? Results from a national population-based study.

Sexual minority mental health disparities are well documented. However, distinct sexual minority subgroups are often collapsed into a single “lesbian, gay, or bisexual” (LGB) analytic group. While limited research has shown sexual minority subgroup differences in mental health, little is known about the factors underlying these differences. This study examines whether sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychosocial characteristics are associated with sexual orientation subgroup differences in mental health. Using the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, Wave III, differences in various mental health measures, and sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychosocial characteristics were assessed across three sexual minority subgroups [lesbians/gay men, bisexuals, and heterosexuals reporting same-sex attractions or behaviors (“heterosexual-identified sexual minorities, HSM”)] and heterosexuals reporting only opposite-sex attractions and behaviors (“heterosexuals”). Sequential linear regressions evaluated the degrees to which different factors attenuated mental health (SF-12) disparities between heterosexuals and sexual minority subgroups. Analyses were sex-stratified. Several sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychosocial characteristic differences existed between sexual orientation groups. Further, all sexual minority subgroups had lower SF-12 scores than heterosexuals, except lesbian women. Sociodemographic factors attenuated the disparity for bisexual men. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, plus psychosocial factors attenuated the disparity for HSM men. However, sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors partially, but did not fully, attenuate the disparity for gay men, bisexual women, or HSM women. Different factors are associated with mental health disparities for sexual minority subgroups. To maximize health intervention efforts, additional research is needed to uncover the specific mechanisms contributing to health disparities across diverse sexual minority populations.