cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resolution of redundant semantic type assignments for organic chemicals in the UMLS

Objective: The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) integrates terms from different sources into concepts and supplements these with the assignment of one or more high-level semantic types (STs) from its Semantic Network (SN). For a composite organic chemical concept, multiple assignments of organic chemical STs often serve to enumerate the types of the composite's underlying chemical constituents. This practice sometimes leads to the introduction of a forbidden redundant ST assignment, where both an ST and one of its descendants are assigned to the same concept. A methodology for resolving redundant ST assignments for organic chemicals, better capturing the essence of such composite chemicals than the typical omission of the more general ST, is presented. Materials and methods: The typical SN resolution of a redundant ST assignment is to retain only the more specific ST assignment and omit the more general one. However, with organic chemicals, that is not always the correct strategy. A methodology for properly dealing with the redundancy based on the relative sizes of the chemical components is presented. It is more accurate to use the ST of the larger chemical component for capturing the category of the concept, even if that means using the more general ST. Results: A sample of 254 chemical concepts having redundant ST assignments in older UMLS releases was audited to analyze the accuracy of current ST assignments. For 81 (32%) of them, our chemical analysis-based approach yielded a different recommendation from the UMLS (2009AA). New UMLS usage notes capturing rules of this methodology are proffered. Conclusions: Redundant ST assignments have typically arisen for organic composite chemical concepts. A methodology for dealing with this kind of erroneous configuration, capturing the proper category for a composite chemical, is presented and demonstrated.
Not just skin deep: cosmetic and medical applications of injectable hyaluronan and fibrin

Hyaluronan (HA) and fibrin are well-suited injectable scaffold materials for medical, scientific, and cosmetic applications. Unlike synthetic polymers, the building blocks of these naturally derived substances are proteins or carbohydrates that are familiar to cells. Both HA and fibrin have had extensive use in clinical situations, either alone or in combination with other materials to tune the therapy to the application. The ease in which they can be administered in injectable form allows for maximum efficacy while minimising invasiveness. The excellent biocompatibility of these substances allows for their incorporation into a variety of applications. Hyaluronan is currently used extensively as a dermal filler in cosmetic applications, as an injectable joint lubricant, and as a potential drug delivery system. Fibrin has been used for years as a surgical sealant, but the properties that suit it to this use have also made it an attractive choice for regenerative medical therapies. Research into the incorpo...
Transcription of the rat glucagon gene by the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein CREB is modulated by adjacent CREB-associated proteins

Abstract The cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element (CRE) of the rat glucagon gene (Glu-CRE, 5'-TGACGTCA-3') mediates transcriptional responses to 8-bromo-cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA) in a glucagon-producing hamster islet cell line (InR1G9). By several different DNA-protein binding assays, we show that the transcription factor CREB binds to the CRE octamer and that additional nuclear proteins bind to sequences adjacent to the CRE. Mutation of the Glu-CRE octamer attenuates both the binding of CREB and cAMP-dependent PKA-stimulated transcriptional activity in transient transfection experiments but does not affect the binding of adjacent CREB-associated proteins. Progressive deletions and clustered point mutations of the sequences flanking the Glu-CRE identify sequences (5'-TCATT-3') located both 5' and 3' to the core CRE octamer that bind several proteins. Two proteins with molecular masses of 80 and 100 kDa bind to each of the 5' and 3' TCATT sites. Formation of additional protein-DNA complexes containing 45- and 20-kDa proteins depends upon the integrity of both TCATT sequences. Deletion or point mutation of the TCATT motif located on the 3' side of the CRE octamer results in enhanced transcriptional responses to PKA, suggesting that the CREB-associated proteins decrease the ability of CREB to mediate PKA-stimulated transcription. Results from these studies demonstrate that nucleotides flanking the core CRE octamer can influence the activity of the CRE by serving as binding sites for proteins that modulate the function of CREB and suggest a mechanism to explain why some consensus palindromic CREs are less responsive to cAMP stimulation than others.
SeMIA: Self-Similarity-Based IC Integrity Analysis

Counterfeit chips in the supply chain as well as hardware Trojan (HT) attacks pose serious threats to the semiconductor industry. If undetected before deployment, they can lead to serious consequences including system performance/reliability issues during field operation and potential revenue/reputation loss for a trusted manufacturer. Currently, no unified detection method is available that can simultaneously address these integrity violations in integrated circuits (ICs). In addition, most existing detection approaches require a set of golden chips as a reference, which significantly increases the test cost and complexity. Furthermore, in some scenarios, it may be extremely difficult to obtain golden chips. In this paper, we present a novel unified IC integrity analysis approach that can effectively detect both recycled counterfeit ICs (the most dominant form of counterfeiting) as well as Trojan attacks in ICs without the need of golden chips. The proposed approach, referred to as self-similarity-based microchip integrity analysis (SeMIA), exploits intrinsic structural self-similarity in a design (e.g., multiple cores, multiple functional units of the same type, different parts of an adder) to isolate recycled chips and HT attacks under large inter- and intra-die process variations. It compares dynamic current ( ${I} _{\text {DDT}}$ ) signatures between two adjacent similar circuit structures using an appropriate isolation metric to detect such attacks with high degree of confidence. SeMIA does not rely on any embedded structure for authentication, thus it comes at virtually zero hardware overhead and can be applied to chips already produced. Through extensive simulations, we show that for 15% inter- and 10% intra-die variations in threshold voltage for a 45 nm CMOS process, over 98% of recycled chips can be reliably identified. Finally, experimental measurements on field programmable gate array chips demonstrate effectiveness of SeMIA for protection against both attacks.
Does the Systemic Plasma Profile Inform the Liver Profile? Analysis Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model and Individual Compounds

The physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for liver transporter substrates has been established previously and used for predicting drug-drug interactions (DDI) and for clinical practice guidance. So far, nearly all the published PBPK models for liver transporter substrates have one or more hepatic clearance processes (i.e., active uptake, passive diffusion, metabolism, and biliary excretion) estimated by fitting observed systemic data. The estimated hepatic clearance processes are then used to predict liver concentrations and DDI involving either systemic or liver concentration. However, the accuracy and precision of such predictions are unclear. In this study, we try to address this question by using the PBPK model to generate simulated compounds for which we know both systemic and liver profiles. We then developed an approach to assess the accuracy and precision of predicted liver concentration. With hepatic clearance processes estimated using plasma data, model predictions of liver are typically accurate (i.e., true value is bounded by predicted maximum and minimum); however, only for a few compounds are predictions also precise. The results of the current study indicate that extra attention is required when using the current PBPK approach to predict liver concentration and DDI for transporter substrates dependent upon liver concentrations.
Spiders of the Arkansas Cotton Field

In this 6-year study of the species composition and density of spider populations, collections were made by net, plant examination, pitfall trap, Berlese funnel, suction trap, and, at night, by headlamp. Location of the spiders on the cotton plants and feeding habits were observed. Of the 143 species taken, 82 were hunting forms, 61 were web-builders; 83 species were collected from the herb-shrub zone, 33 from the ground stratum, and 27 from both. A seasonal succession of species was found, with some forms abundant early in the season, others later, and some even with two population peaks. One age population of approximately 3,374 spiders present per acre in the herb-shrub zone; the populations varied, however, as the season progressed and were quite different from field to field. Populations in the ground stratum were impossible to estimate properly. Both Latrodectes mactans (Fabr.) and Phidippus audax (Hentz) were taken feeding on the boll weevil, and several salticid species were observed feeding on the larvae of Heliothis spp. Apparent prey preferences were more frequent among hunting spiders than among sedentary species.
Fertility rates with delayed fibrin glue: vasovasostomy in rats.

Objective To determine if fibrin glued vasovasostomy had comparable fertility rates to sutured vasovasostomy. Design Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral vasectomy. Two weeks after vasectomy, 10 rats had a bilateral sutured vasal anastomosis consisting of four mucosal and four seromuscular sutures with 10-0 nylon. The second group of 10 rats underwent bilateral fibrin glue vasal anastomosis consisting of two transmural sutures with 10-0 nylon followed by application of fibrin glue. One month after vasectomy reversal, each male rat was mated with a female rat for a period of 2weeks. Setting Animal laboratory. Patients, Participants Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats. Interventions Bilateral vasectomies in 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two weeks after vasectomy, 10 rats had bilateral sutured vasal anastomosis, and 10 rats had bilateral glued vasal anastomosis. Main Outcome Measures Pregnancy after vasectomy reversal. Results Ten of 10 rats in the sutured group produced offspring for a fertility rate of 100%. Eight of 10 rats in the fibrin glue group produced offspring for a fertility rate of 80%. There was no statistically significant difference in the pregnancy rates between the two groups at the 95% confidence interval. Conclusion Fibrin glue-delayed vasectomy reversal produces comparable fertility rates compared with conventional sutured vasectomy reversal in the rat.
Effect of motion on speech recognition

Abstract The benefit of spatial separation for talkers in a multi-talker environment is well documented. However, few studies have examined the effect of talker motion on speech recognition. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of (1) motion of the target or distracters, (2) a priori information about the target and distracter spatial configurations, and (3) target and distracter location. In total, seventeen young adults with normal hearing were tested in a large anechoic chamber in two experiments. In Experiment 1, seven stimulus conditions were tested using the Coordinate Response Measure ( Bolia et al., 2000 ) speech corpus, in which subjects were required to report the key words in a target sentence presented simultaneously with two distracter sentences. As in previous studies, there was a significant improvement in key word identification for conditions in which the target and distracters were spatially separated as compared to the co-located conditions. In addition, 1) motion of either talker or distracter resulted in improved performance compared to stationary presentation (talker motion yielded significantly better performance than distracter motion) 2) a priori information regarding stimulus configuration was not beneficial, and 3) performance was significantly better with key words at 0° azimuth as compared to −60° (on the listener's left). Experiment 2 included two additional conditions designed to assess whether the benefit of motion observed in Experiment 1 was due to the motion itself or to the fact that the motion conditions introduced small spatial separations in the target and distracter key words. Results showed that small spatial separations (on the order of 5-8°) resulted in improved performance (relative to co-located key words) whether the sentences were moving or stationary. These results suggest that in the presence of distracting messages, motion of either target or distracters and/or small spatial separation of the key words may be beneficial for sound source segregation and thus for improved speech recognition.
Clusters: A Study of a Non-traditional Academic Library Organizational Model

Organizational structure and culture affect all aspects of a library, from the practical daily operations to the overall effectiveness of the library to meet its users' needs. Many academic libraries have explored different organizational structures to meet changes in user needs and the information environment as well as studied their organizational culture in an effort to diagnose deficiencies or strengths. This article explores one non-traditional organizational model at a small academic library. This model - the Cluster structure - is a modified version of the traditional team structure, but tries to address some of the pitfalls inherent in a team-based organization. The article covers a case study on the formation and evolution of the cluster structure, and then turns its attention to the effect the structure has had on organizational culture using the Competing Values Framework (CVF).
Bayesian Calibration of Inexact Computer Models

Bayesian calibration is used to study computer models in the presence of both a calibration parameter and model bias. The parameter in the predominant methodology is left undefined. This results in an issue, where the posterior of the parameter is suboptimally broad. There has been no generally accepted alternatives to date. This article proposes using Bayesian calibration, where the prior distribution on the bias is orthogonal to the gradient of the computer model. Problems associated with Bayesian calibration are shown to be mitigated through analytic results in addition to examples. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Spirituality and Contemporary Higher Education

AbstractThough religion played a central role in the founding of U.S. higher education, over the centuries, its influence was diluted by competing secular emphases. In recent decades, religion has seen a resurgence in academic and co-curricular attention on campuses. In addition, a spirituality not based on religion has gained increasing attention. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the phenomenon of spirituality in contemporary higher education. The author discusses the recent appearance of spiritualty on campus, relates what research says about the potential benefits of and challenges in addressing spirituality in higher education, and examines some of the ways in which it is being addressed on U.S. college campuses.
Vision-based range finder for automated guided vehicle navigation

Automated guided vehicle (AGV) plays an important role in modern factory automation. One basic guidance methodology, magnetic tape guidance has been widely utilized in most AGV systems for more than 20 years. However, in order to adopt the flexible production line changeover, free-ranging AGV is on-demand increasingly. In this study, a vision-based range finder, which includes a line-shaped laser transmitter and image sensor is designed and implemented for AGV navigation. The line-shaped laser transmitter transmits a line-shaped laser, and the image sensor senses the line-shaped laser to output a line-shaped laser image. The distance between object and range finder is estimated according the height position of laser line in line-shaped laser image. The experimental results show that the AGV integrated with the proposed vision-based range finder is able to navigate in a constructed hospital environment. The average location error is less than 1%.
COMPARISON OF SALMONELLA POLYVALENT H ANTISERA, DIRECT FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY, AND CULTURE PROCEDURES IN DETECTING SALMONELLAE FROM EXPERIMENTALLY CONTAMINATED GROUND BEEF UNDER FROZEN STORAGE

A direct fluorescent antibody (FA) test and a polyvalent H agglutination (poly H) test with separate gram-negative (GN) and tetrathionate (TT) broth enrichments were compared with culture methodology in detecting salmonellae from experimentally contaminated ground beef. The FA test had the most false-position reactions (28%, but concurrent culture results reduced these to 7%) and the lowest number of false-negative reactions (4%). The poly H test was more efficient when TT broth was used for selective enrichment. On the basis of fewer false-negative reactions and the greater number of false-positive reactions that were culturally confirmed to be salmonellae, the FA test would appear to be a more efficient screening test in detecting salmonellae from artificially contaminated ground beef held at frozen temperatures.
The Use of Pitot-Static Tubes and Hot-Film Anemometers in Dilute Polymer Solutions

The operation of Pitot-static tubes in dilute polyacrylamide-water solutions was verified experimentally by using an independent method to measure the velocity. Measurement of the heat transfer characteristics of cylindrical hot-film anemometer probes in these solutions revealed reduced heat transfer in addition to the following anomalous results. In certain velocity ranges, the Nusselt number was independent of velocity. At high velocities, a form of vortex shedding from the probe occurred, and the Nusselt number was proportional to the square-root of velocity. The dependence of the Nusselt number on the angle of incidence was, for the most concentrated solution, opposite to that for pure water. The above results indicate that these probes cannot be used to measure velocity in certain cases, and interpretation of turbulence measurements would seem to be open to question. Calibration of a conical hot-film probe revealed only slightly reduced heat transfer. Measurement of the one-dimensional velocity spectrum in a polymer solution indicated that the cylindrical probe gave a power-law dependence on the wave number at high wave numbers; whereas the data obtained with the conical probe was qualitatively similar to Newtonian spectral data.
Civil Liberties and Rights, Equality and the Quality of Democracy in Greece

AbstractThis article assesses the content quality of democracy in Greece. Theoretically, the quality of democracy is assessed in three different but interrelated dimensions: procedure, result, and content. Procedure is about the character and workings of the environment in which governance takes place; result refers to the overall quality of government performance and citizen satisfaction; and content involves the quality of the substance of governance, and it is gauged through two variables: freedom and equality. Freedom involves political, civil, and socioeconomic rights, including speech, property, and social protection. Equality is about prohibition of discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnicity, race, political orientation, or other extraneous conditions. Using various indices as well as more substantive information, the essay assesses the content dimension of the quality of democracy in post-1974 Greece. The study concludes that the country’s quality of democracy is fair, but is in need of impr...
Top-Contact Self-Aligned Printing for High-Performance Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Transistors with Sub-Micron Channel Length

Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes are ideal semiconductors for printed thin-film transistors due to their excellent electrical performance and intrinsic printability with solution-based deposition. However, limited by resolution and registration accuracy of current printing techniques, previously reported fully printed nanotube transistors had rather long channel lengths (>20 μm) and consequently low current-drive capabilities (<0.2 μA/μm). Here we report fully inkjet printed nanotube transistors with dramatically enhanced on-state current density of ∼4.5 μA/μm by downscaling the devices to a sub-micron channel length with top-contact self-aligned printing and employing high-capacitance ion gel as the gate dielectric. Also, the printed transistors exhibited a high on/off ratio of ∼105, low-voltage operation, and good mobility of ∼15.03 cm2 V–1s–1. These advantageous features of our printed transistors are very promising for future high-definition printed displays and sensing systems, low-power c...
Development of a Self-Rated Mixed Methods Skills Assessment: The National Institutes of Health Mixed Methods Research Training Program for the Health Sciences.

The Mixed Methods Research Training Program for the Health Sciences is supported by the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research under Grant R25MH104660-01.
Applications of Nonenzymatic Catalysts to the Alteration of Natural Products

The application of small molecules as catalysts for the diversification of natural product scaffolds is reviewed. Specifically, principles that relate to the selectivity challenges intrinsic to complex molecular scaffolds are summarized. The synthesis of analogues of natural products by this approach is then described as a quintessential “late-stage functionalization” exercise wherein natural products serve as the lead scaffolds. Given the historical application of enzymatic catalysts to the site-selective alteration of complex molecules, the focus of this Review is on the recent studies of nonenzymatic catalysts. Reactions involving hydroxyl group derivatization with a variety of electrophilic reagents are discussed. C–H bond functionalizations that lead to oxidations, aminations, and halogenations are also presented. Several examples of site-selective olefin functionalizations and C–C bond formations are also included. Numerous classes of natural products have been subjected to these studies of site-sel...
The mindful athlete: Secrets to pure performance, by George Mumford: Parallax Press, Berkley, CA, 2015, 256 pp., $16.99 (Kindle edition), ISBN: 978-1941529065

The Mindful Athlete: Secrets of Peak Performance provides simple and understandable explanations, examples, and metaphors of a variety of mindfulness skills and techniques. George Mumford, who hold...
Intraperitoneal nanotherapy for metastatic ovarian cancer based on siRNA-mediated suppression of DJ-1 protein combined with a low dose of cisplatin

Herein, we report an efficient combinatorial therapy for metastatic ovarian cancer based on siRNA-mediated suppression of DJ-1 protein combined with a low dose of cisplatin. DJ-1 protein modulates, either directly or indirectly, different oncogenic pathways that support and promote survival, growth, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. To evaluate the potential of this novel therapy, we have engineered a cancer-targeted nanoplatform and validated that DJ-1 siRNA delivered by this nanoplatform after intraperitoneal injection efficiently downregulates the DJ-1 protein in metastatic ovarian cancer tumors and ascites. In vivo experiments revealed that DJ-1 siRNA monotherapy outperformed cisplatin alone by inhibiting tumor growth and increasing survival of mice with metastatic ovarian cancer. Finally, three cycles of siRNA-mediated DJ-1 therapy in combination with a low dose of cisplatin completely eradicated ovarian cancer tumors from the mice, and there was no cancer recurrence detected for the duration of the study, which lasted 35 weeks.
Random Walks and Electric Networks. By Peter G. Doyle and J. Laurie Snell

(1987). Random Walks and Electric Networks. By Peter G. Doyle and J. Laurie Snell. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 94, No. 2, pp. 202-205.
Core body temperature during menopausal hot flushes

Objective To measure core body temperature by ingested radiotelemetry pill and rectal temperature during menopausal hot flushes under controlled laboratory conditions. Design Patients were recorded during sleep using both methods in a sound-proofed, temperature- and humidity-controlled laboratory room. Setting University medical center. Patients Eight postmenopausal women who were amenorrheic for ≥1 year and reported frequent hot flushes. Results Thirty-seven hot flushes were detected by criterion increases in sternal skin conductance level. Significant increases in telemetered but not rectal temperature occurred before 24 of the hot flushes. Conclusions Core body temperature elevations precede a majority of menopausal hot flushes and serve as one trigger of this heat-loss phenomenon.
Exact Penalty Methods and Lagrangian Methods

It is possible to construct the methods that require the solution of a single unconstrained problem. Such methods are called exact penalty methods. This chapter discusses a class of seemingly unrelated methods that attempt to solve the system of equations and inequalities constituting the necessary optimality conditions for the constrained optimization problem. These methods are similar to those used for solving the systems of nonlinear equations. These methods are termed as Lagrangian methods in the view of the prominent role played by the Lagrangian function and Lagrange multiplier iterations. A disadvantage of Lagrangian methods is that they require a good starting point to converge to an optimal solution, that is, they converge only locally. To enlarge their region of convergence, it is necessary to combine them with other methods that have satisfactory global convergence properties.
INFLUENCE OF ANTIPLATELET DRUGS ON PLATELET-SURFACE INTERACTIONS*

Platelet aggregates are important in the thromboembolic complications of prosthetic devices, and drugs that alter platelet function have shown promise in clinical trials. Results with these drugs have increased insight into the interaction of platelets with artificial materials, particularly when the clinical experience has been correlated with the results of in vitro models.
Evidence-Based Decisions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Cardiac Disease

This chapter is devoted to the spectrum of cardiac diseases seen in HIV-infected patients. The purpose of this chapter is to review the cardiovascular diseases associated with HIV infections and provide guidelines for the prevention and treatment of cardiac disease in HIV patients. Clinicians should be aware of the various cardiovascular manifestations of HIV infection, especially coronary artery disease, and should aggressively treat all risk factors in their patients with HIV infection. Patients with advanced HIV infection can have a variety of cardiovascular manifestations. The most common are: Pericarditis Coronary artery disease Myocardial disease: left ventricular dysfunction, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy Pulmonary hypertension Valvular disease AIDS-related malignancy Metabolic abnormalities associated with antiretroviral therapy Long QT syndrome Autonomic dysfunction Peripheral arterial disease
Synthesis and Structure Determination of 1,4-Dibenzylpiperazine-2,5-Dione

The title compound, C18H18N2O2, crystallizes in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group C2/c with half the mol­ecule as the asymmetric unit (mol­ecules are located on inversion centers). π–π interactions between the benzene rings are found, with a perpendicular distance of 3.657 (11) A between ring centroids.
Anti-MY9-blocked-ricin: an immunotoxin for selective targeting of acute myeloid leukemia cells.

The use of immunotoxins (IT) to selectively destroy acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells in vivo or in vitro is complicated by both the antigenic similarity of AML cells to normal progenitor cells and the difficulty of producing a sufficiently toxic conjugate. The monoclonal antibody (MoAb) anti-MY9 is potentially ideal for selective recognition of AML cells because it reacts with an antigen (CD33) found on clonogenic AML cells from greater than 80% of cases and does not react with normal pluripotent stem cells. In this study, we describe an immunotoxin that is selectively active against CD33+ AML cells: Anti- MY9-blocked-Ricin (Anti-MY9-bR), comprised of anti-MY9 conjugated to a modified whole ricin that has its nonspecific binding eliminated by chemical blockage of the galactose binding domains of the B-chain. A limiting dilution assay was used to measure elimination of HL-60 leukemic cells from a 20-fold excess of normal bone marrow cells. Depletion of CD33+ HL-60 cells was found to be dependent on the concentration of Anti-MY9-bR and on the duration of incubation with IT at 37 degrees C. More than 4 logs of these leukemic cells were specifically depleted following short exposure to high concentrations (10(-8) mol/L) of Anti-MY9-bR. Incubation with much lower concentrations of Anti-MY9-bR (10(-10) mol/L), as compatible with in vivo administration, resulted in 2 logs of depletion of HL-60 cells, but 48 to 72 hours of continuous exposure were required. Anti-MY9-bR was also shown to be toxic to primary AML cells, with depletion of greater than 2 logs of clonogenic cells following incubation with Anti- MY9-bR 10(-8) mol/L at 37 degrees C for 5 hours. Activity of Anti-MY9- bR could be blocked by unconjugated Anti-MY9 but not by galactose. As expected, Anti-MY9-bR was toxic to normal colony-forming unit granulocyte-monocyte (CFU-GM), which expresses CD33, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and also to burst-forming unit-erythroid and CFU-granulocyte, erythroid, monocyte, megakaryocyte, although to a lesser extent. When compared with anti-MY9 and complement (C′), Anti- MY9-bR could be used in conditions that provided more effective depletion of AML cells with substantially less depletion of normal CFU- GM. Therefore, Anti-MY9-bR may have clinical utility for in vitro purging of AML cells from autologous marrow when used at high IT concentrations for short incubation periods. Much lower concentrations of Anti-MY9-bR that can be maintained for longer periods may be useful for elimination of AML cells in vivo.
A Sampling of Introductory Public Administration Texts/The Craft of Public Administration, 8th ed. George Berkley and John Rouse/Public Administration in America, 6th ed. George J. Gordon and Michael E. Milakovich/Public Administration: Balance, Power and Accountability, 2nd ed. Jerome B. McKinney and Lawrence C. Howard/Introducing Public Administration, 2nd ed. Jay M. Shafritz and E. W. Russell/Managing the Public Sector, 5th ed. Grover Starling

(2000). A Sampling of Introductory Public Administration Texts/The Craft of Public Administration, 8th ed. George Berkley and John Rouse/Public Administration in America, 6th ed. George J. Gordon and Michael E. Milakovich/Public Administration: Balance, Power and Accountability, 2nd ed. Jerome B. McKinney and Lawrence C. Howard/Introducing Public Administration, 2nd ed. Jay M. Shafritz and E. W. Russell/Managing the Public Sector, 5th ed. Grover Starling. Journal of Public Affairs Education: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 45-53.
Longitudinal development of the airway microbiota in infants with cystic fibrosis

The pathogenesis of airway infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) is poorly understood. We performed a longitudinal study coupling clinical information with frequent sampling of the microbiota to identify changes in the airway microbiota in infancy that could underpin deterioration and potentially be targeted therapeutically. Thirty infants with CF diagnosed on newborn screening (NBS) were followed for up to two years. Two hundred and forty one throat swabs were collected as a surrogate for lower airway microbiota (median 35 days between study visits) in the largest longitudinal study of the CF oropharyngeal microbiota. Quantitative PCR and Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene were performed. Data analyses were conducted in QIIME and Phyloseq in R. Streptococcus spp. and Haemophilus spp. were the most common genera (55% and 12.5% of reads respectively) and were inversely related. Only beta (between sample) diversity changed with age (Bray Curtis r2 = 0.15, P = 0.03). Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were rarely detected. These results suggest that Streptococcus spp. and Haemophilus spp., may play an important role in early CF. Whether they are protective against infection with more typical CF micro-organisms, or pathogenic and thus meriting treatment needs to be determined.
Defend, O Lord, your Servant: Letters to a Bishop from 105 Young People at Confirmation*

This article will explore 105 letters to their bishop written by young persons around the age of 11 years as they prepared for Confirmation. All letters were received by the Bishop of Eastern Newfo...
Respiratory Physiology for the Anesthesiologist

Respiratory function is fundamental in the practice of anesthesia. Knowledge of basic physiologic principles of respiration assists in the proper implementation of daily actions of induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, delivery of mechanical ventilation, discontinuation of mechanical and
Correction to: Automatically identifying social isolation from clinical narratives for patients with prostate Cancer

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in one of the authors’ names.
Degenerate thermal isomerizations of Z-ethylidene-2-methylcyclobutane†

The stereochemical and mechanistic aspects of the degenerate thermal isomerizations available to deuterium-labeled Z-ethylidene-2-methylcyclobutanes remain incompletely defined. Relevant data and several conjectural readings of the data are reconsidered in light of current understandings of thermal stereomutations and [1,3] carbon sigmatropic shifts. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of Voice Quality Variation Using I-Vectors

Voice disorders affect a large portion of the population, in particular impacting heavy voice users such as teachers or call-center workers. Voice therapy—the recommended behavioral treatment for a variety of voice disorders—requires regular voice technique practice under the guidance of a voice therapist. Patients commonly have difficulty reproducing this technique without clinician feedback once they get home. Therefore, we developed a system for use in voice therapy to provide feedback to the patient about the quality of their voice practice. Based on i-vector analysis, the system effectively examines a speaker’s different vocal modes as if these represent different speakers (i.e. your good-voice-self vs your bad-voice-self). Six adults were recorded producing 5 different voice quality modes: normal, breathy, fry, twang and hyponasal. An i-vector-based algorithm was trained on 6 participants to classify these vocal modes with 97.7% accuracy. The system can be used to detect different voice quality modes in unscripted, connected speech, which has potential to automate analysis of home practice in voice therapy and to serve as a feedback tool to extend therapist judgment beyond the clinic walls.
Breast Health: Benign Breast Conditions

Benign breast conditions are heterogenous, with varying clinical presentations. These conditions commonly include nipple discharge, breast pain, palpable masses, common breast lesions, and high-risk breast lesions. Signs and symptoms of these conditions range from pain and abnormal physical examination findings to asymptomatic abnormalities detected on breast imaging. A combination of clinical examination, patient history, and diagnostic studies should be used to make a diagnosis. The primary challenges in addressing new breast symptoms are determination of a clear diagnosis and creation of a management plan, as well as evaluation of future risk of malignancy related to benign diagnoses. Risk assessment can prove difficult in patients of certain racial groups, given the differences in risk attributed to specific benign conditions. This also can prove challenging given the lack of racial diversity in early trials assessing risk in benign breast disease. Many benign breast conditions are diagnosed and managed in the family medicine setting, but some patients may require consultation with a breast subspecialist.
Physical activity moderates the association between parenting stress and quality of life in working mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Statement of problem Working mothers are a population experiencing heightened levels of parenting stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the associations between parenting stress, quality of life, and physical activity in a national sample of working mothers who endorsed having been forced to work from home full-time due to the COVID-19 pandemic and examine if physical activity moderates the association between parenting stress and quality of life in this sample of working mothers. Methods Participants in this cross-sectional study were 200 full-time working mothers from the United States (mean age = 33.50 years; SD = 6.25; 70.0% White). Participants were recruited from a Qualtrics research panel and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief Version, the Parental Stress Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. Results After controlling for socio-demographic variables (i.e., maternal marital status, annual income, maternal highest level of education), greater parenting stress was associated with poorer maternal quality of life across domains (standardized beta coefficients ranged from −0.26 to −0.47; p Conclusions Our findings suggest that moderate intensity physical activity may attenuate the negative impact of parenting stress on social relationships and satisfaction with one's environment in working mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Percutaneous Ablation of Intrathoracic Malignancy

Lung cancer remains the number one cancer killer in both women and men. The primary treatment of choice for local, early-stage disease is surgical resection; however, up to 25% of patients are medically inoperable or refuse surgery. Most patients who are inoperable or refuse surgery are referred for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) or percutaneous ablative therapies. Percutaneous techniques include radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, cryoablation, or irreversible electroporation. These modalities can be used with an intent to cure, as well as palliative intent in various clinical scenarios of lung cancer and other thoracic malignancies. Studies have exhibited comparable overall survival with ablative techniques in comparison to SBRT and sublobar resection with different side effect profile. The goal of this article is to review indications, techniques, post-ablation complications and image appearance, and clinical outcomes for image-guided percutaneous ablation.
A retrospective approach to evaluating potential adverse outcomes associated with delay of procedures for cardiovascular and cancer-related diagnoses in the context of COVID-19.

Abstract Objective During the COVID-19 pandemic, health systems postponed non-essential medical procedures to accommodate surge of critically-ill patients. The long-term consequences of delaying procedures in response to COVID-19 remains unknown. We developed a high-throughput approach to understand the impact of delaying procedures on patient health outcomes using electronic health record (EHR) data. Materials and Methods We used EHR data from Vanderbilt University Medical Center’s (VUMC) Research and Synthetic Derivatives. Elective procedures and non-urgent visits were suspended at VUMC between March 18, 2020 and April 24, 2020. Surgical procedure data from this period were compared to a similar timeframe in 2019. Potential adverse impact of delay in cardiovascular and cancer-related procedures was evaluated using EHR data collected from January 1, 1993 to March 17, 2020. For surgical procedure delay, outcomes included length of hospitalization (days), mortality during hospitalization, and readmission within six months. For screening procedure delay, outcomes included 5-year survival and cancer stage at diagnosis. Results We identified 416 surgical procedures that were negatively impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the same timeframe in 2019. Using retrospective data, we found 27 significant associations between procedure delay and adverse patient outcomes. Clinician review indicated that 88.9% of the significant associations were plausible and potentially clinically significant. Analytic pipelines for this study are available online. Conclusion Our approach enables health systems to identify medical procedures affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate the effect of delay, enabling them to communicate effectively with patients and prioritize rescheduling to minimize adverse patient outcomes.
Determination of Pain Phenotypes in Knee Osteoarthritis Using Latent Profile Analysis.

Objective To identify clinical phenotypes of knee osteoarthritis (OA) using measures from the following domains: 1) multimorbidity; 2) psychological distress; 3) pain sensitivity; and 4) knee impairment or pathology. Design Data were collected from 152 people with knee OA and from 31 pain-free individuals. In participants with knee OA, latent profile analysis (LPA) was applied to the following measures: normalized knee extensor strength, Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and local (knee) pressure pain threshold. Comparisons were performed between empirically derived phenotypes from the LPA and healthy older adults on these measures. Comparisons were also made between pheonotypes on pain intensity, functional measures, use of health care, and history of knee injury. Results LPA resulted in a four-group solution. Compared with all other groups, group 1 (9% of the study population) had higher FCI scores. Group 2 (63%) had elevated pain sensitivity and quadriceps weakness relative to group 4 and healthy older adults. Group 3 (11%) had higher PCS scores than all other groups. Group 4 (17%) had greater leg strength, except relative to healthy older adults, and reduced pain sensitivity relative to all groups. Groups 1 and 3 demonstrated higher pain and worse function than other groups, and group 4 had higher rates of knee injury. Conclusion Four phenotypes of knee OA were identified using psychological factors, comorbidity status, pain sensitivity, and leg strength. Follow-up analyses supported the replicability of this phenotype structure, but future research is needed to determine its usefulness in knee OA care.
Between online and offline markets: A structural estimation of consumer demand

Abstract While the literature on comparing the online and offline markets from the supply-side perspective is extensive, fewer researches have focused on the demand-side. Using a large-scale point-of-sales (POS) dataset on consumer packaged goods, we estimate a structural demand model and conducted counterfactuals of the price change or product stockouts. Our key findings are: 1) the own-price elasticity of demand is higher offline (i.e., –1.74 on average) than online (i.e., –0.87 on average). 2) The cross-price elasticity is also higher offline (i.e., 0.17 on average) than online (i.e., 0.04 on average). 3) When a product is out-of-stock, a larger portion of the loss of the market share is recovered more in the common products in the offline markets than that in the online markets. Specifically, 6.55 % of the loss of the market share goes to common products offline on average, while 6.05 % of the loss of the market share goes to the common product online on average. Our further analyses show that, when considering substitute products, the impact of price increases is surprising. The retailer may not be worse off by increasing prices because the gains in the revenue from the substitute products can make up more than the losses. The manufacturers may lose revenue by increasing prices or product stockouts. However, consumers are hurt more in the offline markets following the price increases of the common products because the offline market is more concentrated on the common products.
Global Equity Investing: An Efficient Frontier Approach

The goal of this paper is to test empirically whether emerging-market portfolios appear on the meanvariance efficient frontier, investigate whether particular markets provide better diversification benefits, and to ascertain if these relationships are time-invariant. Countries that are more economically independent from the U.S. (as measured by relatively low correlations of their stock markets to the U.S., or intuitively as being markets whose real and monetary shocks are seemingly independent of the U.S.) provide better diversification for U.S. investors. Though these relationships are time-dependent, Mexico and China appear to be the most important diversifiers. We also compare the results of a mean-variance framework versus a mean-VaR (value–at-risk framework) that may be more applicable when return distributions are non-normal, for the period May 1988 – May 2018, and find that there are no significant differences.
Fully Organic, X-ray Radioluminescent Crystalline Colloidal Arrays for Next-Generation Bioimaging

An organic, x-ray radioluminescent colloid is fabricated by copolymerizing an organic scintillating monomer within a polystyrene basis. The intensity of emitted light from the radioluminescent colloidal particles can be manipulated by photonic means.
The Integration of Primary Care and Behavioral Healthcare in Northern California Kaiser-Permanente

Integration of behavioral healthcare and primary care has a number of presumed benefits, including better communication between providers and systems, leading to improved patient care. There are studies showing medical cost offsets, although they tend to be in circumscribed research settings. Northern California Kaiser-Permanente has designed a new primary care system providing mental health clinicians on a primary care team. Those clinicians evaluate patients, create treatment plans, provide brief interventions, coordinate care with specialty behavioral healthcare, and consult with primary care physicians. Those physicians also have an increased role in the detection and treatment of behavioral health problems via guidelines developed with behavioral health. Structural changes within the overall system, including regional call centers and computerized clinical information systems, support the integration. Quality programs also support the ongoing improvement of the integration process. There are investment expenses in this type of re-design, but also expected cost savings. An infrastructure is now in place to measure both clinical outcomes, and cost effects of the new model.