cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ZipG: A Memory-efficient Graph Store for Interactive Queries

We present ZipG, a distributed memory-efficient graph store for serving interactive graph queries. ZipG achieves memory efficiency by storing the input graph data using a compressed representation. What differentiates ZipG from other graph stores is its ability to execute a wide range of graph queries directly on this compressed representation. ZipG can thus execute a larger fraction of queries in main memory, achieving query interactivity. ZipG exposes a minimal API that is functionally rich enough to implement published functionalities from several industrial graph stores. We demonstrate this by implementing and evaluating graph queries from Facebook TAO, LinkBench, Graph Search and several other workloads on top of ZipG. On a single server with 244GB memory, ZipG executes tens of thousands of queries from these workloads for raw graph data over half a TB; this leads to an order of magnitude (sometimes as much as 23×) higher throughput than Neo4j and Titan. We get similar gains in distributed settings compared to Titan.
Design and Implementation of a Fault Management System for Longitudinal Control of Automated Vehicles

Abstract The practical implementation of a completely automated highway system requires an ability to safely handle a malfunction at any time in any of the software or hardware in the system. In the case of automated cars operating as a platoon, a reliable fault handling system becomes absolutely critical due to the small longitudinal spacing between the cars. This paper develops a fault management system with strategies to handle faults in any of the sensors or actuators in the cars. A fault in any one sensor is handled by continuing automated operation under a degraded mode. In the case of multiple faults or actuator faults, the faulty car is either brought to a stop or its driver is alerted after the car has been isolated. The paper also presents experimental results from the public NAHSC demonstration of automated highways conducted in August 1997 at San Diego, California. The demonstration included an eight-car platoon operating continuously over several weeks with passenger rides being given to visitors. The fault management system was able to safely handle faults and continue automated operation when component malfunctions occurred several times during the demonstration.
Noninvasive Ventilatory Correction in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background and Purpose—Even though current guidelines suggest that noninvasive ventilatory correction (NIVC) could be considered for acute ischemic stroke patients with obstructive sleep apnea, ava...
A multivariate extension of mutual information for growing neural networks

Recordings of neural network activity in vitro are increasingly being used to assess the development of neural network activity and the effects of drugs, chemicals and disease states on neural network function. The high-content nature of the data derived from such recordings can be used to infer effects of compounds or disease states on a variety of important neural functions, including network synchrony. Historically, synchrony of networks in vitro has been assessed either by determination of correlation coefficients (e.g. Pearson's correlation), by statistics estimated from cross-correlation histograms between pairs of active electrodes, and/or by pairwise mutual information and related measures. The present study examines the application of Normalized Multiinformation (NMI) as a scalar measure of shared information content in a multivariate network that is robust with respect to changes in network size. Theoretical simulations are designed to investigate NMI as a measure of complexity and synchrony in a developing network relative to several alternative approaches. The NMI approach is applied to these simulations and also to data collected during exposure of in vitro neural networks to neuroactive compounds during the first 12 days in vitro, and compared to other common measures, including correlation coefficients and mean firing rates of neurons. NMI is shown to be more sensitive to developmental effects than first order synchronous and nonsynchronous measures of network complexity. Finally, NMI is a scalar measure of global (rather than pairwise) mutual information in a multivariate network, and hence relies on less assumptions for cross-network comparisons than historical approaches.
Survey of Library Services at Engineering News Record’s Top 500 Design Firms: Ten Years Later

In October 2004 a survey was mailed to the Engineering News Record’s Top 500 Design firms asking about their information resources and whether there was a degreed librarian on staff. The article re...
Comparative time-course of lipid and myofibrillar protein oxidation in different biphasic systems under hydroxyl radical stress.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the relative reaction rate of protein and lipid oxidation in different biphasic model systems (linoleic acid; liposome; emulsion) containing myofibrillar protein (MFP at 1, 8 and 20 mg/mL) under hydroxyl radical stress. Protein oxidation markers exhibited significant changes in 2 h: reduced tryptophan fluorescence intensity, carbonyl formation, and extensive polymerization of myosin. In contrast, no detectable changes ( P > .05) in lipid peroxide occurred within 2 h except for samples with 1 mg/mL MFP which showed an early TBARS formation. Of the three biphasic systems, the oxidative stability of lipids followed the order of emulsion > linoleic acid > liposome, indicating the steric role of proteins. In general, MFP was more susceptible to radicals than lipids, and a higher protein:lipid ratio was associated with a slower TBARS production and more rapid protein oxidation, suggesting a sacrificing role of MFP to protect lipids.
Should We Stay or Should We Go? Local and National Factionalism in the National Organization for Women

While the National Organization for Women (NOW) has endured over time, it has faced significant internal factionalism. In this article, I ask why some of these factions resulted in schisms, while other factions persisted in NOW over time. This is a critical question for understanding how organizational location and factional collective identities combine to produce different outcomes when internal conflict breaks out. My analysis of interview, archival, and secondary data indicates that organizational location influences factions’ independent collective identities, shaping what they want and their perceptions of opportunities to change their organization. Compared to national level factions, local factions also lack the ability to use NOW’s hierarchical structure to their advantage in their effort to stay. This sheds lights on the distinct patterns of factionalism and schism in formalized groups.
Near Field Optical and Exciton Imaging, Spectroscopy and Chemical Sensors

Subwavelength optical probes have been fabricated with micropipettes and nanofabricated optical fiber tips. A new near-field nanotechnology, photo-nanofabrication, has been developed, leading to a thousandfold miniaturization of immobilized Fiber Optical Chemical Sensors and to a billionfold decrease in necessary sample volume. Submicrometer pH sensors have been prepared by attaching a copolymer covalently to an activated nanofabricated fiber tip surface via near-field photo-polymerization. The sensors have demonstrated their excellent detection limit (zeptomoles) and fast response time (milliseconds). Applications of these subwavelength optical probes also include scanning tips, exciton probes and nanospectroscopy. Biological single cell analysis, supertip energy transfer, interfacial Kasha effect and near-field scanning spectroscopy illustrate our progress.
Tuning Enzyme/α-Zr(IV) Phosphate Nanoplate Interactions via Chemical Modification of Glucose Oxidase

Using glucose oxidase (GOx) and α-Zr(IV) phosphate nanoplates (α-ZrP) as a model system, a generally applicable approach to control enzyme–solid interactions via chemical modification of amino acid side chains of the enzyme is demonstrated. Net charge on GOx was systematically tuned by appending different amounts of polyamine to the protein surface to produce chemically modified GOx(n), where n is the net charge on the enzyme after the modification and ranged from −62 to +95 electrostatic units in the system. The binding of GOx(n) with α-ZrP nanosheets was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) as well as by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. Pristine GOx showed no affinity for the α-ZrP nanosheets, but GOx(n) where n ≥ −20 showed binding affinities exceeding (2.1 ± 0.6) × 106 M–1, resulting from the charge modification of the enzyme. A plot of GOx(n) charge vs Gibbs free energy of binding (ΔG) for n = +20 to n = +65 indicated an overall increase in favorable interaction between GOx(...
Sisters in crime revisited: bringing gender into criminology

During a time when academics are judged by lines on vitas and citation counts, Sisters in Crime Revisited: Bringing Gender into Criminology is a reminder that intellectual legacies cannot be quanti...
Service Learning and Community-Based Learning

The performing arts student can be found engaging in community-based and service learning via applied theatre, dance, or music lessons and projects for youth, and by providing performing arts experiences in local service agencies or hospitals. We must prepare them for ethical encounters and reciprocal mutual exchange with community partners. Students need to be self-reflexive and interrogate their own biases before entering the field, and coursework must allow the time and space for this necessary reflection. Michelle Hayford and Brandon Kliewer consider how a performance that invited veterans to campus connected public narrative and empathy to civic leadership practices. Trudi Wright explains how her students deliver oral presentations in a series of community engagement lectures at a local church with an active arts ministry.
Analyzing Complex Models Using Data and Statistics

Complex systems (e.g., volcanoes, debris flows, climate) commonly have many models advocated by different modelers and incorporating different modeling assumptions. Limited and sparse data on the modeled phenomena does not permit a clean discrimination among models for fitness of purpose, and, heuristic choices are usually made, especially for critical predictions of behavior that has not been experienced. We advocate here for characterizing models and the modeling assumptions they represent using a statistical approach over the full range of applicability of the models. Such a characterization may then be used to decide the appropriateness of a model for use, and, perhaps as needed weighted compositions of models for better predictive power. We use the example of dense granular representations of natural mass flows in volcanic debris avalanches, to illustrate our approach.
Paleobiological Perspectives on Mesonychia, Archaeoceti, and the Origin of Whales

Organisms living today are grouped together taxonomically because they are similar to each other and different from others. How similar organisms are within a group and how different the group is from other groups depends on the broader context of similarities and differences uniting and distinguishing groups. The rank to which a group is assigned depends in part on similarities and differences, but also on what we know about evolutionary history. Extant whales (order Cetacea) have long been known to be mammals because they share with other mammals such basic distinguishing characteristics as endothermy, lactation, large brains, and a high level of activity. Living cetaceans share, in addition, a suite of special characteristics related to life in water that distinguish them from land mammals: These include large body size, a reduced and simplified dentition, an audition-dominated sensory and communication system, a hydrodynamically streamlined body form with a muscular propulsive tail, and of course many ancillary anatomical, behavioral, and physiological differences.
Drug-induced muscle damage

In recent years, numerous reports in the clinical and basic science literature have suggested that systemic drug administration can cause damage to skeletal muscle. The extent of skeletal muscle damage can range from that which is minor and self-limiting following drug discontinuation, to muscle weakness which may or may not be ameliorated following drug discontinuation, to rhabdomyolysis which, if not treated, can lead to acute renal failure and even death. The mechanisms of drug-induced toxicity are numerous and can range from disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis, to depletion of cellular energy sources, to free radical mediated mechanisms. This chapter will examine specifically those drugs or substances of abuse which have been shown to cause toxicity to skeletal muscle.
Genomewide association study reveals transient loci underlying the genetic architecture of biomass accumulation under cold stress in Sorghum

ABSTRACT Sorghum bicolor is a promising cellulosic feedstock crop for bioenergy because of its potential for high biomass yields. However, in its early growth phases, sorghum is sensitive to cold stress, preventing early planting in temperate environments. Cold temperature adaptability is vital for the successful cultivation of both bioenergy and grain sorghum at higher latitudes and elevations, and for early season planting or to extend the growing season. Identification of genes and alleles that enhance biomass accumulation of sorghum grown under early cold stress would enable the development of improved bioenergy sorghum through breeding or genetic engineering. We conducted image-based phenotyping on 369 accessions from the sorghum Bioenergy Association Panel (BAP) in a controlled environment with early cold treatment. The BAP is a collection of densely genotyped and racially, geographically, and phenotypically diverse accessions. The plants were weighed, watered, and imaged daily to measure growth dynamics and water use efficiency (WUE). Daily, non-destructive imaging allowed for a temporal analysis of growth-related traits in response to cold stress. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genomic intervals and genes controlling response to early cold stress. GWAS identified transient quantitative trait loci (QTL) strongly associated with each growth-related trait, permitting an investigation into the genetic basis of cold stress response at different stages of development. The analysis identified a priori and novel candidate genes associated with growth-related traits and the temporal response to cold stress. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Genome-wide association study of bioenergy sorghum accessions phenotyped under early season cold stress revealed transient QTLs for highly heritable biomass and growth-related traits that appeared as the temperature increased and plants developed. Sorghum accessions clustered into multiple groups for each heritable trait with distinct growth profiles. GWAS identified candidate genes associated with growth traits and cold stress responses. The top-performing accessions with the highest growth-related trait values over time and temperature shifts will be useful for further genetic analysis and breeding or engineering efforts directed at biomass yield enhancements.
Poly (ether sulfone) membrane surface modification using norepinephrine to mitigate fouling

Abstract Here we report on the efficacy of poly(norepinephrine) (PNE) coatings to mitigate membrane fouling. We modified 30 kDa poly(ether sulfone) (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes using a facile dip-coating method. Norepinephrine (NE) is a dopamine (DA) analog, having an additional OH group on the ethyl chain. Like dopamine, it polymerizes in mildly oxidizing conditions, and creates robust coatings. PES membranes were modified with 2 g L−1 NE up to 24 h, and then characterized by contact angle measurement, AFM, FTIR, SEM, and XPS. The coating was confirmed by XPS, showing an increase in N1s and decrease in S2p signals. AFM results showed that the PNE coatings were quite smooth, and the contact angles of modified membranes decreased significantly compared to the as-received (AR) membrane, confirming that membrane wettability increased. The ultrapure water permeability of modified membranes increased relative to the AR membrane, and the modification enhanced anti-fouling properties against model foulants (BSA, SA, and SRNOM), and two treated municipal wastewaters. The modified membranes exhibited less energy consumption and lower fouling resistance as compared to the AR membrane. For both treated municipal wastewaters, optimum performance was exhibited with the 3-hr modification. The PNE coatings did not have a significant impact on foulant rejection. Both the two- and the three-mechanism fouling models were able to provide accurate descriptions of measured flux decline; however, the parameters of the three-mechanism model have greater physical significance because pore constriction is considered explicitly. The PNE layer was stable in 0.1 M HCl and 100 ppm NaOCl (3-day treatments) but was removed by 0.01 M NaOH.
Extending the Spectral Range of Double-Heterojunction Nanorods by Cation Exchange-Induced Alloying

Composition variation and formation of core/shell heterostructures have allowed the extension and applicability of size-tunable optical properties of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals. Anisotrop...
Machine-learning models, cost matrices, and conservation-based reduction of selected landscape classification errors

Use of statistical models developed with machine-learning algorithms is increasing in the ecological sciences, yet these disciplines have not capitalized on the ability to use cost matrices to selectively reduce classification errors that have highly detrimental consequences. Our aim was to promote such applications by demonstrating the process of using a cost matrix to decrease specific types of misclassification, explaining the importance of exploring the effectiveness of cost matrices for a given dataset, and encouraging use of cost matrices with machine-learning models in landscape-ecological and conservation contexts. Bird occurrence data, landscape and regional land-cover data, costs of false-positive and false-negative errors, and the C5.0 decision tree algorithm were used to train and test a binary classifier. Increasing the cost for false negatives tended to decrease the frequency of this error type while allowing for reasonable predictive performance for each class separately and both classes combined. Cost matrices are applicable to many different categorical response variables and spatial scales. We encourage landscape ecologists and planners to explore the effectiveness of cost matrices for their particular dataset and project goals, especially when conservation of biodiversity across broad spatial extents is at stake.
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: is life-long anticoagulation therapy required?

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is an unusual complication of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) occurring in about 1% of patients. If left untreated, mortality can be as high as 50%. Therapy of APS and its complication CAPS is hampered by the lack of validated prospective, controlled, intervention clinical trials, although there is consensus that treatment should include anticoagulation therapy. But there are issues that need to be addressed such as duration and intensity of therapy. The present report describes our experience in 7 patients with CAPS in whom anticoagulation was discontinued after 6 months of therapy. During an average follow-up of 5.5 years, only 2 patients exhibited one episode each of recurrent venous thrombosis, but none of the patients in whom anticoagulation was discontinued experienced recurrent CAPS.
The lymphoid chemokine CCL19 (ELC) promotes T cell proliferation in vitro and mediates T cell migration when expressed in a recombinant vaccinia virus: A strategy for local tumor vaccine delivery

657 Chemokines are small secreted proteins involved in regulating immune responses through their ability to attract and activate immune cells providing a powerful tool for manipulating the tumor microenvironment. CCL21 (SLC/6Ckine) and CCL19 (ELC/ MIP-3β) coordinate the attraction of mature dendritic cells (DC) and naive T cells in secondary lymphoid tissue. We have previously shown that intratumoral injection of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing CCL21 attracts T cells to the tumor site and initiates CD4 T cell mediated anti-tumor responses. We now report the expression of CCL19 by a recombinant vaccinia virus (rV-ELC) for the local delivery of high levels of CCL19 to established tumors. The rV-ELC vaccine is stable and expresses functional CCL19 as evidenced by migration of murine T lymphocytes in in vitro chemotaxis assays. Furthermore, CCL19 was able to potently co-stimulate T cell proliferation in conjunction with sub-optimal T cell receptor stimulation in vitro. We plan to explore this novel function of CCL19 by determining the expression of known cell surface T cell activation markers and exploring which signal transduction pathways are required for CCL19 mediated co-stimulation. The ability of CCL19 to attract and expand specific T cell populations, coupled with the high levels of expression by poxviral vectors, provides a mechanism for promoting T cell priming within the local tumor microenvironment. This approach has implications for the therapy of cancer and infectious disease.
Generalized Multi-Level Model for Dichotomous Outcome

Having reviewed logistic regression in Chap. 8, we now proceed to the generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM) to analyze binary data with multi-level data structures.
Validation of the attention-related driving errors scale in novice adolescent drivers.

Abstract Introduction Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a leading cause of death among adolescents. Identifying factors that contribute to adolescent MVCs is a pressing public health need. Exogenous (cell phones, passengers, music) and endogenous (stress, worry, mind-wandering) forms of driver inattention account for approximately 78% of all MVCs in the United States. Though both exogenous and endogenous distraction contribute to crash risk, prior work investigating adolescent crash risk has largely focused on exogenous distractors. The Attention-Related Driving Errors Scale (ARDES) is a promising measure assessing individual differences in endogenous driver inattention that has been validated in adult drivers. Its validation in an adolescent sample may prove useful in tailoring future interventions to decrease MVC risk in young drivers. Methods This study sought to validate the ARDES in novice adolescent drivers by investigating its underlying factor structure and its relations with self-reported measures of daily inattention, performance-based attention assessments, and a self-report measure of driving behavior. Results Replicating earlier work in adults, results suggested ARDES items can be classified according to their operational level of the driving. The ARDES had good internal reliability and construct validity, suggesting it is a valid self-report measure of the propensity for adolescents' attentional errors while driving. Discussion The ARDES provides a useful tool for researchers to identify adolescents at greater risk of attentional errors while driving. Future research should use the ARDES to better understand the role of driver inattention in adolescent crash risk.
Spin wave interference detection via inverse spin Hall effect

In this Letter, we present experimental data that demonstrate a spin wave interference detection using an inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE). Two coherent spin waves are excited in a yttrium-iron garnet waveguide by continuous microwave signals. The initial phase difference between the spin waves is controlled by the external phase shifter. The ISHE voltage is detected at a distance of 2 and 4 mm away from the spin wave generating antennas by an attached Pt layer. Experimental data show ISHE voltage oscillation as a function of the phase difference between the two interfering spin waves. This experiment demonstrates an intriguing possibility of using ISHE in a spin wave logic circuit converting a spin wave phase into an electric signal.
First-Line Health Care Providers' Reported Knowledge of and Referrals to Speech-Language Pathologists for Clients With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Purpose People with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may experience deficits in cognition or communication that go unnoticed by first-line health care providers (FHPs). Speech-language pathologis...
Inconsistent Depreciation Practice and Public Policymaking: Local Government Reform in New South Wales

Public policy based on numerical indicators – a form of ‘public management by numbers’ – has become commonplace across the world. Whereas a good deal is known about the deleterious effects of this type of policymaking – including ratcheting, output distortion and ‘gaming’ – unfortunately little attention has focused on the adverse local government policy consequences of inconsistent depreciation accruals by local authorities. This paper seeks to address this gap in the empirical literature on local government performance. After examining the use of accounting data by local government policymakers, the paper reviews available empirical evidence of inconsistent depreciation practice both in Australia and abroad. We then consider the recent New South Wales (NSW) Independent Local Government Review Panel's use of accounting ratios as supporting evidence for boundary change in local government as a case study of the adverse impact of inconsistent depreciation practice. The NSW experience clearly demonstrates the distortionary effects of empirical evidence resulting from significant variation in depreciation accruals by individual local councils. The paper concludes with an assessment of the options available to local government policymakers wishing to obtain more accurate accounting accrual data for policy formulation purposes.
Development of Blood Pressure Norms in Children

Assessment of blood pressure in children and adolescents, as a measure of health status, is now part of routine clinical practice. Prior to the 1970s blood pressure was not commonly measured in very young children, due to the difficulty in obtaining reliable measurements and the general belief that hypertension was a rare problem in children (1). Since measurement of blood pressure had not yet become routine, high blood pressure was detected only when significant clinical signs or symptoms were present. Due to the absence of any childhood blood pressure data on which to base an age appropriate definition of hypertension, adult criteria were the only available reference information. Based on our current knowledge on what is normal blood pressure in healthy children, we now know that the early descriptions of hypertension in the young represented only the most severe cases of childhood hypertension.
A new use for adult face masks.

We would like to comment on the article by Pape et al. (Pediatrics 58:473, October 1976) in which the strap used to secure the face mask in mask-applied ventilatory support was noted to result in severe head molding with tower skull deformity in premature infants weighing less than 1,500 gm. The authors found an association between use of the face masks and significant intracerebellar hemorrhages, while in an accompanying commentary (p. 621), Shuman and Oliver refuted this association.
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency detection by urinary methylmalonic acid quantitation

A study was made to assess the value of cobalamin deficiency detection through quantitation of urinary methylmalonic acid (MMA). Urinary MMA was measured in 1118 patients suffering from megaloblastic anemia, other anemias, elevated red cell mean corpuscular volume, or unexplained neurologic disorders. Patients without proven cobalamin deficiency had urinary MMA levels less than 20 micrograms/ml. All patients (n = 27) confirmed to have cobalamin deficiency showed MMA levels greater than 20 micrograms/ml. Data are presented showing the Schilling test results, the comparison of serum cobalamin to urinary MMA levels, and other basic hematologic data. MMA levels are a good indication of cobalamin distribution and function since they are directly related to a cobalamin-dependent metabolic pathway. With rapid, reliable quantitation by mass spectrometry, urinary MMA can now be a useful clinical test.
Reddening of narrow line regions

We make a critical comparison of a number of techniques for estimating narrow line region (NLR) reddenings and discuss their accuracy. We confirm that there is a preferred case B′ Hα/Hβ ratio of 3.1 for the NLR. All the reported scatter can be explained by known observational errors and contrary to some earlier claims, there is no evidence for intrinsic spread in the B′ Hα/Hβ ratio. This implies that the ionizing continua and NLR abundances in quasars are very similar.
School Mobility and Students' Academic and Behavioral Outcomes.

The study examined estimated effects of school mobility on students’ academic and behavioral outcomes. Based on data for 2,560 public schools from the School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS) 2007-2008, the findings indicate that schools serving a total student population of more than 50% minority students, high schools, and urban schools tend to have more school mobility than their counterparts. After controlling for crime prevention programs, violence, and school background characteristics, school mobility is negatively associated with principals’ perceived students’ aspiration and school achievement and positively associated with students’ insubordination. Policy implications for school leaders are offered.
FDG PET in the management of lung cancer

We describe a patient with newly diagnosed limy cancer. Staging was performed with CT and mediastinoscopy. FDG PET scan was performed and confirmed increased metabolic activity in the primary tumor as well as the hilar lymph node. Seven months after initial presentation, the patient was found to have two lytic lesions in the pelvis on plain radiograph. Hone scan was negative but PET demonstrated FOG uptake in one lesion. The possible utility of whole body FDG PET in detecting osseous metastasis is discussed. The state-of-the-art of staging lung cancer is also reviewed.
Graded index optical lens using inhomogeneous metamaterials

We numerically demonstrate a low loss optical lens (~1.55 mum) with inhomogeneous graded index metamaterials. Parametric optimization studies are presented. For a (64times64)lambda2 sample f=3.2 mm with T=0.76. This structure can be easily fabricated with standard semiconductor processing techniques.
Multivariable control of a forward swept wing aircraft

The impact of independent canard and flaperon control of the longitudinal axis of a generic forward swept wing aircraft is examined. The Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG)/Loop Transfer Recovery (LTR) method is used to design three compensators: two single-input-single-output (SISO) systems, one with angle of attack as output and canard as control, the other with pitch attitude as output and canard as control, and a two-input-two-output system with both canard and flaperon controlling both the pitch attitude and angle of attack. The performances of the three systems are compared showing the addition of flaperon control allows the aircraft to perform in the precision control modes with very little loss of command following accuracy.
Termination of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Escherichia coli by 2′,3′-Dideoxyadenosine

2′,3′-Dideoxyadenosine was previously shown to be lethal to Escherichia coli and to inhibit deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis irreversibly in this organism. It was also shown that triphosphate of this analogue terminates DNA chains in an in vitro system. Data presented here show that the nucleoside is relatively insensitive to E. coli adenosine deaminase and is converted intracellularly into the dideoxynucleotide, including the triphosphate. Thymine nucleotide pools were not reduced in inhibited bacteria, nor did preformed DNA break down. Some adenine was liberated from the dideoxyadenosine on incubation, and the latter was incorporated into ribonucleic acid. Nevertheless, about 4,000 molecules of the dideoxynucleoside were incorporated into DNA per cell. The dideoxynucleotide occurred in DNA chains in a terminal position, liberated selectively by venom phosphodiesterase. The possible nature of the lethal event is discussed.
Altered phosphorylation state of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase in a branched-chain acyltransferase deficient human fibroblast cell line.

The abundance and phosphorylation state of the polypeptide constitutents of the human branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex were examined in mitochondria from normal and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) fibroblasts. In normal fibroblast mitochondria two forms of the E1α subunit were observed: non-phosphorylated (E1α) and phosphorylated (E1α−P). About 40–50% of E1α was present as E1α−P. The ability to quantitate the two forms of E1α permitted examination of the association between decreased capacity to oxidize branched-chain 2-oxo acids and the phosphorylation state of E1α.
Convexity cuts for multiple choice problems

The purpose of this note is to show that the convexity (or intensection) cut ideas can be exploited to special advantage for integer programs with certain structures. In particular, we show how to obtain now cuts for ''multiple choice'' and other related ''combinatorial'' problems. Our approach can usefully be applied to problems involving logical alternatives without having to reformulate (and enlarge) such problems by the addition of 0-1 variables and associated linear constraints.
Raising Consumers: Children and the American Mass Market in the Early Twentieth Century – By Lisa Jacobson

A declension model dominates popular thinking about children. Numerous recent books argue that childhood has been commercialized to an unprecedented extent. Unscrupulous marketers have colonized ki...
Central Integration of Canal and Otolith Signals is Abnormal in Vestibular Migraine

Vestibular migraine (VM), a common cause of vestibular symptoms within the general population, is a disabling and poorly understood form of dizziness. We sought to examine the underlying pathophysiology of VM with three studies, which involved the central synthesis of canal and otolith cues, and present preliminary results from each of these studies: (1) VM patients appear to have reduced motion perception thresholds when canal and otolith signals are modulated in a co-planar manner during roll tilt; (2) percepts of roll tilt appear to develop more slowly in VM patients than in control groups during a centrifugation paradigm that presents conflicting, orthogonal canal and otolith cues; and (3) eye movement responses appear to be different in VM patients when studied with a post-rotational tilt paradigm, which also presents a canal–otolith conflict, as the shift of the eye’s rotational axis was larger in VM and the relationship between the axis shift and tilt suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex differed in VM patients relative to control groups. Based on these preliminary perceptual and eye movement results obtained with three different motion paradigms, we present a hypothesis that the integration of canal and otolith signals by the brain is abnormal in VM and that this abnormality could be cerebellar in origin. We provide potential mechanisms that could underlie these observations, and speculate that one of more of these mechanisms contributes to the vestibular symptoms and motion intolerance that are characteristic of the VM syndrome.
Localization of Primate Calls by Old World Monkeys

Monkeys (Macaca) were trained by operant conditioning techniques to report the minimum detectable change in location of a sound in space, and were tested with a series of recorded coo or clear call vocalizations. Acuity of localization varied from approximately 4 degrees to 15 degrees and was a function of the magnitude of the change in pitch (frequency modulation) of the different clear calls.
Peaks and Valleys: Predicting interests in leadership and managerial positions from personality profiles

This study investigates the relationship between personality and leadership and managerial interests at different levels of the vocational interest taxonomy. Personality scale scores from four different inventories were used to predict vocational interests of 574 adults. Influencing/enterprising interests, leadership and supervisory interests, and job-specific managerial interests (e.g., CEO, Media Executive, Human Resources Director) served as criterion measures. A multiple regression-based pattern recognition procedure recently devised by Davison and Davenport was applied to identify configurations of personality scores relating to these interest criteria. The personality profile pattern predictive of influencing and leadership interests was stable across different managerial domains. Results indicate that personality profile patterns drive the predictive power of personality scores, and that they explain a larger proportion of the variance in influencing and leadership interests compared with individuals' absolute trait levels.
Persistent anemia after implantation of the total artificial heart.

Abstract Background The total artificial heart (TAH) replaces the heart with 2 pneumatic pumps and 4 tilting disk mechanical valves. It was hypothesized that patients receiving TAH support have persistent hemolysis that resolves after heart transplantation (HT). Methods and Results Hematocrit (HCT) was compared in patients on TAH to left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support for bridge to HT. Data were compared with t tests. The TAH (n = 36; mean age 47 ± 13 years) and LVAD patients (n = 14; mean age 53 ± 12 years) were supported for a median of 83 (interquartile range [IQR] 43–115) and 106 days (IQR 84–134), respectively. Hematocrit was similar between the TAH and LVAD patients (34 ± 6% vs 37 ± 5%; P = .07) at baseline. After placement, TAH patients had lower HCT at 2 (20 ± 2% vs 24 ± 3%), 4 (22 ± 3% vs 26 ± 3%), 6 (22 ± 4% vs 30 ± 4%), and 8 weeks (23 ± 4% vs 33 ± 5%; P P = .42) and 3 months (35 ± 7% vs 35 ± 4%; P = .98) after removal of the devices for HT. TAH patients had undetectable haptoglobin in 96% of assessments, increased lactate dehydrogenase (1,128 ± 384 units/L), and detectable plasma free hemoglobin in 40% of measurements (21 ± 15 mg/dL). High sensitivity C-reactive protein (52 ± 50 mg/dL) was elevated, and reticulocyte production index was decreased (1.6 ± 0.6). Conclusions Patients implanted with a TAH have persistent anemia that resolves only after HT. The association of hemolysis, ineffective erythropoiesis, and inflammation with the TAH warrants further study.
Does a medical home mediate racial disparities in unmet healthcare needs among children with special healthcare needs

This study extends mediation analysis techniques to explore whether and to what extent differential access to a medical home explains the black/white disparity in unmet healthcare needs among children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN). Data were obtained from the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health, with analyses limited to non-Hispanic white and black CSHCN (n = 14,677). The counterfactual approach to mediation analysis was used to estimate odds ratios for the natural direct and indirect effects of race on unmet healthcare needs. Overall, 43.0 % of white CSHCN and 60.4 % of black CSHCN did not have a medical home. Additionally, 8.8 % of white CSHCN and 15.3 % of black CSHCN had unmet healthcare needs. The natural indirect effect indicates that the odds of unmet needs among black CSHCN are elevated by approximately 20 % as a result of their current level of access to the medical home rather than access at a level equal to white CSHCN (ORNIE = 1.2, 95 % CI = 1.1, 1.3). The natural direct effect indicates that even if black CSHCN had the same level of access to a medical home as white CSHCN, blacks would still have 60 % higher odds of unmet healthcare needs than whites (ORNDE = 1.6, 95 % CI = 1.1, 2.4). The racial disparity in unmet healthcare needs among CSHCN is only partially explained by disparities in having a medical home. Ensuring all CSHCN have equal access to a medical home may reduce the racial disparity in unmet needs, but will not completely eliminate it.
A very thin coating for capillary zone electrophoresis of proteins based on a tri(ethylene glycol)‐terminated alkyltrichlorosilane

We describe the use of a tri(ethylene glycol)-terminated alkyltrichlorosilane to create a very thin, protein-resistant "self-assembled monolayer" coating on the inner surface of a fused-silica capillary. The same compound has been demonstrated previously on flat silica substrates to resist adsorption of many proteins. As a covalently bound capillary coating, it displays good resistance to the adsorption of cationic proteins, providing clean separations of a mixture of lysozyme, cytochrome c, ribonuclease A, and myoglobin for more than 200 consecutive runs. Electroosmotic flow (EOF) was measured as a function of pH; the coated capillary retains significant cathodal EOF, with roughly 50% of the EOF of an uncoated capillary at neutral pH, making this coating promising for applications requiring some EOF. The EOF was reasonably stable, with a 2.9% relative standard deviation during a 24 h period consisting of 72 consecutive separations of cationic proteins. Efficiencies for cationic protein separations were moderate, in the range of 190,000-290,000 theoretical plates per meter. The coating procedure was simple, requiring only a standard cleaning procedure followed by a rinse with the silane reagent at room temperature. No buffer additives are required to maintain the stability of the coating, making it flexible for a range of applications, potentially including capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS).
Functional Outcomes After Surgery for Spinal Fractures: Return to Work and Activity

OBJECT OF STUDY The literature regarding surgical treatment's impact on patient function after spinal fracture is sparse. Some authors have speculated that operative injury--the dissection of paraspinous muscle tissue, damage to spinal motion segments, implantation of spinal devices--may impair functional recovery in spine trauma patients. Nonoperative care has produced satisfactory results in some hands, but results are difficult to reproduce, treatment is resource-intensive, and functional outcomes are poorly documented. This study reports return to work and functional recovery in a 5-year follow-up of severely injured patients treated with segmental spinal instrumentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy consecutive patients treated with Cotrel Dubousset instrumentation for unstable thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar spine fractures were followed-up. All had high-energy trauma and were admitted directly to a level 1 university trauma center; 38% were polytraumatized; and 56% had neurologic injuries. Indications for surgery included: (1) segmental instability; (2) incomplete or progressive neurologic injuries with residual spinal canal compromise; (3) concomitant injuries precluding cast treatment; and (4) polytrauma. Two patients died and six were lost to follow-up, leaving 62 (91%) for assessment at a mean 5-year follow-up (range 2-8 y). Clinical outcome has been reported. Functional recovery was assessed based on return to work, level of work, and level of daily activity. RESULTS Despite the severity of spinal and concomitant injuries, 70% of patients returned to full-time work and another 8% were considered capable: 54% to their previous level of employment without restrictions and 16% to full-time, but lighter, jobs. Twenty-two percent were working part-time or not at all, and 8% were unemployed despite unrestricted functional status. Work status correlated directly with neurologic impairment (P < 0.00005) and was not related to level of injury, hardware failure, extent of surgical dissection, or construct pattern. Of patients with limitations, 18% were limited by pain and 27% by neurologic injury. CONCLUSION Neurologic injury had a greater impact on functional outcome than any other variable. Patients limited by pain were more often impaired by residual radicular and neuropathic symptoms than by back pain. Impairment was not related to the extent of either the surgical incision or the instrumentation. Patients with persistent back pain generally had an identifiable and correctable mechanical problem-sagittal imbalance, pseudarthrosis, or persistent instability--as the underlying cause. Our series of trauma patients was predominantly young and male. Among this cohort, individual characteristics of occupation (often physical laborers and craftsmen) and judgment (criminal convictions and incarceration) may have restricted opportunities for re-employment in 40% of the entire study group.
Strain Rate and Orientation Dependencies of the Strength of Single Crystalline Copper under Compression

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to model the compression under uniaxial strain of copper single crystals of different orientations at various temperatures and strain rates. Uniaxial strain is used because of the close resemblance of the resulting stress state with the one behind a shock front, while allowing a control of parameters such as strain rate and temperature to better understand the behavior under complex dynamic shock conditions. Our simulations show that for most orientations, the yield strength of the sample is increased with increasing strain rate. This yield strength is also dependent on the orientation of the sample, but less dependent on temperature. We find three regimes for the atomistic behavior around the yield: homogeneous dislocation nucleation, appearance of disordered atoms followed by dislocation nucleation, and amorphization. Finally, we show that a criterion solely based on a critical resolved shear and normal stress is insufficient at these strain rates to determine slip on a system.
Nitrogen-plasma continuum emission associated with N - ( 3 P) and N - ( 1 D) ions

A possible contribution of negative atomic ions to the continuum radiation in nitrogen plasma is discussed. It is shown that both unstable ${\mathrm{N}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${(}^{3}$P) and metastable ${\mathrm{N}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${(}^{1}$D) ions may have a significant effect on the total production of the continuum radiation at electron temperatures below 12000 K. It is also suggested that the theoretical cross sections for the radiative attachments involving the negative ions are more reliable than the available experimental cross sections.