cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Promoting Self-Care and Daily Living Skills among Older Widows and Widowers: Evidence from the Pathfinders Demonstration Project

A B S T R A C T W hile most bereavement intervention programs for the recently widowed focus primarily on loss and g rief issues, few, if any, specifically address ways to engage in necessary self-care activities, to assume new responsibilities that once belonged to their deceased spouse, and to rem ain socially connected to the larger community. The Pathfinders demonstration project was designed to provide important health and wellness information in a supportive environ­ ment where the participants could develop self-care and daily living skills and learn how to access additional community resources to meet their specific needs. This article describes changes in self-care and daily living abilities reported by the Pathfinders participants and ways in which they used what they learned in the classes to achieve health and independence and to meet the daily challenges o f widowed life. Eight-four widows and widowers (age 50+) participated in one o f five 11-week class sequences. Statistically sig­ nificant, although incremental im provements over time were reported in active coping, health care participation, household management, home safety, and nutritional self-care skills. Almost all the participants reported applying
Maize and the Origin of Highland Chavín Civilization: An Isotopic Perspective

Scholars frequently posit maize as the staple food of Chavin civilization and some even argue that this crop provided the critical stimulus for its development. Stable carbon isotope analysis permits an evaluation of these hypotheses because maize, the only C4 cultigen consumed in pre-Hispanic Peru, leaves an unambiguous imprint on the bone chemistry of its consumers that allows the calculation of its relative importance in the diet. Analysis of osteological samples from Chavin de Huantar and Huaricoto indicates that although maize was eaten, C3 foods like potatoes and quinoa constituted the bulk of the dietary intake during the development and climax of highland Chavin civilization (ca. 850-200 B.C.). The authors briefly explore possible reasons for the secondary importance of maize in the Initial Period/Early Horizon subsistence systems of this region, a pattern already established by the late Preceramic period (ca. 2000 B.C.).
Gene network inference by fusing data from diverse distributions.

Motivation: Markov networks are undirected graphical models that are widely used to infer relations between genes from experimental data. Their state-of-the-art inference procedures assume the data arise from a Gaussian distribution. High-throughput omics data, such as that from next generation sequencing, often violates this assumption. Furthermore, when collected data arise from multiple related but otherwise nonidentical distributions, their underlying networks are likely to have common features. New principled statistical approaches are needed that can deal with different data distributions and jointly consider collections of datasets. Results: We present FuseNet, a Markov network formulation that infers networks from a collection of nonidentically distributed datasets. Our approach is computationally efficient and general: given any number of distributions from an exponential family, FuseNet represents model parameters through shared latent factors that define neighborhoods of network nodes. In a simulation study, we demonstrate good predictive performance of FuseNet in comparison to several popular graphical models. We show its effectiveness in an application to breast cancer RNA-sequencing and somatic mutation data, a novel application of graphical models. Fusion of datasets offers substantial gains relative to inference of separate networks for each dataset. Our results demonstrate that network inference methods for non-Gaussian data can help in accurate modeling of the data generated by emergent high-throughput technologies. Availability and implementation: Source code is at https://github.com/marinkaz/fusenet. Contact: is.jl-inu.irf@napuz.zalb Supplementary information: Supplementary information is available at Bioinformatics online.
Processing coordinated verb phrases: the relevance of lexical-semantic, conceptual, and contextual information towards establishing verbal parallelism

This dissertation examines the influence of lexical-semantic representations, conceptual similarity, and contextual fit on the processing of coordinated verb phrases. The study integrates information gleaned from current linguistic theory with current psycholinguistic approaches to examining the processing of coordinated verb phrases. It has been claimed that in coordinated phrases, one conjunct may influence the processing of a second conjunct if they are sufficiently similar. For example, The likelihood of adopting an intransitive analysis for the optionally transitive verb of a subordinated clause in sentences like Although the pirate ship sank the nearby British vessel did not send out lifeboats may be increased if the ambiguous verb (sank) is coordinated with a preceding, intransitively biased verb (halted and sank). Similarly, processing of the second conjunct may be facilitated when coordinated with a similar first conjunct. Such effects, and others in this vein have often been designated “parallelism effects.” However, notions of similarity underlying such effects have long been ill-defined. Many existing studies rely on relatively shallow features like syntactic category information or argument structure generalizations, such as transitive or intransitive, as a basis for structural comparison. But it may be that deeper levels of lexical-semantic representation and more varied, semantic or conceptual sources of information are also relevant to establishing similarity between conjuncts. In addition, little has been done to xi integrate parallelism effects to theories of the processing architecture underlying such effects, particularly for studies involving syntactic ambiguity resolution. Using two word-by-word reading and three eyetracking while reading experiments, I investigate what contribution detailed lexical-semantic representations, as well as conceptual and contextual information make towards establishing parallel coordination in the online processing of coordinated verb phrases. The five studies demonstrate that parallelism effects are indeed sensitive to deeper representational information, conceptual similarity, and contextual fit. Furthermore, by controlling for deeper representational information, it is demonstrated that expected facilitatory patterns arising from coordination of similar conjuncts may be disrupted. Implications for the architecture of the processing system are discussed, and it is argued that constraintbased/ competition models of processing best accommodate the pattern of results. (Less)
THE IMPETUS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW RISK MANAGEMENT TRAINING PROGRAM FOR YOUNG TEEN DRIVERS

In the U.S., 16 and 17 year-old drivers have horrendous motor vehicle crash rates. Young teen drivers are also vastly over-involved in fatal traffic crashes. In order to better understand the causes of this teen driver crash problem and then develop appropriate countermeasures, the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety commissioned the first comprehensive re-examination in more that 20 years of what novice drivers need to learn and do in order to be safe drivers. The resultant research report led to the creation of an innovative, computer based risk management training program for teen drivers.
Distributed biasing of differential RF circuits

A distributed balun is presented as an alternative to inductor-based biasing of active differential circuits. The new scheme has broad bandwidth with low loss and is suited to broad-band multifunctional RF and microwave circuits. Additionally, the distributed biasing circuit discriminates between differential and common-mode signals leading to high common-mode rejection. Measured gains, centered at 580 MHz, of a selected pseudodifferential amplifier using the new biasing circuit confirm the underlying theory.
Anthropology and bioethics.

The field of bioethics has been dominated by the tenets and assumptions of Western philosophical rationalistic thought. A principles and rights-based approach to discussions of moral dilemmas has sustained and reinforced a pervasive reductionism, utilitarianism, and ethnocentrism in the field. Recent explorations of casuistry and hermeneutics suggest a movement toward an expanded theoretical and conceptual framing of medical ethical problems. Increased attention to moral phenomenology and a recognition of the importance of social, cultural, and historical determinants that shape moral questioning should facilitate collaborative work between anthropologists and ethicists. In this article, I examine the philosophical orientation of U.S. bioethics and the relationship of the social sciences to the field of medical ethics. Deterrents to collaboration between anthropologists and bioethicists are explored. Finally, I review past and possible future contributions of anthropology to the field of bioethics and, more generally, to medical ethics.
PS1-9: Data Issues and Meta-content to Improve Analysis of Electronic Health Data

Background/Aims: KPCO continuously checks our electronic health data for unexpected values. These values may be errors or legitimate reflections of clinical procedures and data collection rules. Rigorous data analysis requires an understanding of these unexpected values as well as methods to address them. We do not yet have an organized way to document unexpected data values. Methods: We followed a multi-phase plan to develop a database that describes data issues from HMORN data partners. In Phase 1 (Requirements), we met with stakeholders at KPCO to determine needs. For Phase 2 (Design), we drafted a data collection survey and built an initial prototype of the database. In Phase 3 (Development), we improved upon multiple versions of the database and documented procedures to enter new data items, create reports, and review the accuracy of existing data items. When the database framework was sufficiently developed, members of the Analytic Team at KPCO entered issues based on their experience with HMORN studies. In Phase 4 (Testing), we evaluated our documentation and ran sample reports against the new data content. We also assessed the degree of overlap with the VDW Issue Tracker. During Phase 5 (Implementation), we presented the database to key stakeholders at KPCO and began discussions to build similar databases at other HMORN sites and/or enhance the Issue Tracker as a multi-site centralized database. Results: The Analytic Team at KPCO recorded a wide range of data issues occurring in projects from 2010-2013. Data items came from general VDW quality assessments as well as study-specific data checks. Database content included data errors as well as real phenomena attributable to clinical practice or data collection. Conclusions: Analysts can better anticipate problems and nuances in electronic health data with a database that describes the past data anomalies and methods for using the data.
White-Noise and Geometrical OpticsLimits of Wigner–Moyal Equation for Beam Waves in Turbulent Media II: Two-Frequency Formulation

We introduce two-frequency Wigner distribution in the setting of parabolic approximation to study the scaling limits of the wave propagation in a turbulent medium at two different frequencies. We show that the two-frequency Wigner distribution satisfies a closed-form equation (the two-frequency Wigner–Moyal equation). In the white-noise limit we show the convergence of weak solutions of the two-frequency Wigner–Moyal equation to a Markovian model and thus prove rigorously the Markovian approximation with power-spectral densities widely used in the physics literature. We also prove the convergence of the simultaneous geometrical optics limit whose mean field equation has a simple, universal form and is exactly solvable.
Changes in tomato paste during storage and the effects of heating on consistency of reconstituted tomato paste.

Bostwick consistencies of reconstituted tomato pastes were measured both immediately after paste production and after storage times of up to 9 months. Bostwick values measured after storage were more than twice those measured on the day of paste production. This increase in Bostwick developed over the first month of paste storage at room temperature and could be slowed down but not prevented if the paste was stored at 4C. Heating the reconstituted paste for 30 min at 90C or 15 min at 100C restored the original consistency. Serum viscosities also decreased during paste storage, but the change in serum viscosity was smaller than the changes in Bostwick. As with the Bostwick, heating the reconstituted juice restored the serum viscosity. For a reproducible evaluation of the consistency of stored tomato paste, it is essential that the reconstituted paste be heated to 90C or above.
Assessment of disease progression in Alzheimer's transgenic mice by PET imaging with F-18 quinoline

Michael O’Neill, Christian Czech, Ozmen Laurence, Jill Richardson, Gianluigi Forloni, Giovanni Frisoni, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Neuroimaging, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy, Brescia, Italy; Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Neuroimaging, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Ranica(BG), Italy; Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy; Eli Lilly, Lilly Research Centre, Surrey, United Kingdom; CNS Research, Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland; GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom; IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
A connected approach to the teaching of developmental psychology

In this article, I describe ways in which a model of instruction called connected teaching can be applied to undergraduatre courses in developmental psychology. The model contains features that wom...
THE INDETERMINACY OF GAME-EQUILIBRIUM GROWTH

This chapter discusses the indeterminacy of game-equilibrium growth. If each generation expects future generations to behave as it would behave in their situations, then there may result a kind of game-equilibrium growth path that is self-warranting: every generation acts in such a way as to validate earlier assumptions as to how it will act and, given these assumptions, no generation acting alone can increase its estimated overall utility despite the fact that cooperative action among the generations, were it enforceable, could produce an improvement in every generation's utility. The population is constant in size and is completely replaced each period. Every generation is born directly into the labor force and dies with its boots on. There is no overlap—no births intervene during a generation's tenure.
Pure Commercial or More Than Strategic? An Observation of China’s Establishment of Overseas Naval Bases

The escort operations in the Aden Gulf have greatly upgraded the PLAN’s international status and world images. However, battleships cannot operate without supplies from land. For the PLAN’s combat vessels, a lack of overseas naval bases is manifest limitation to a blue-water navy. The fact is that present oceanic actions for the PLAN rely mainly on commercial facilities at ports for logistic supplies. Beijing is evasive regarding the doubts expressed by the neighboring states. When an overseas base is established, a logical question for Beijing is how to deal with the political suspicion of the international society and how to mitigate the view of the “China threat.” However, Pakistan has transferred the management rights of Gwadar Port from Singapore to China in early 2013. The overseas strategic support points are under discussion in China. They dropped the suggestion that China may somehow establish military overseas bases. This paper is of the view that development of overseas naval bases is an important phase to Chinese blue-water navy coming into existence. This strategic intention will lay bare when the PLAN’s aircraft carrier battle group begins to deploy. The overseas naval bases or strategic support point, whatever the name, will cast the doubt over the balance of power in Asia.
D Cyclins in CD5+ B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders

We analyzed protein expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and cyclin D3 using high-resolution enzymatic amplification staining and flow cytometry in the neoplastic cells from 80 patients with CD5+ B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. The D cyclins were expressed differentially in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) with strong staining of cyclin D1 and D2 in MCL, strong staining of cyclin D1 but weak staining of cyclin D2 in 4 of 5 PLLs, and low-level staining for both cyclins in most CLLs. No correlation between cyclin D1 and D2 and growth rates or CD38 expression was observed. However, cyclin D1 levels were significantly higher in ZAP-70+ CLL cases, although no association between ZAP-70 and cyclin D2 was detected. The results indicate that flow cytometric analysis of D cyclins may help in classification of CD5+ B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
Film Audience Research, 1960–1980

(1980). Film Audience Research, 1960–1980. Journal of Popular Film and Television: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 53-60.
Tax Incentives and the Disappearing State Corporate Income Tax

Fisher writes that incentives have played a major role in the decline of state corporate income taxes. Incentives at the state level do not pay for themselves, Fisher writes; in fact, they are quite costly.
Confronting Our Fear: Legislating Beyond Battered Woman Syndrome and the Law of Self-Defense in Vermont

Author examines the application of the "battered woman syndrome" to the law of self-defense over the past twenty years of reform and analyzes remaining challenges in Vermont. The paper ultimately argues that states like Vermont should adopt "Justifiable Domestic Homicide" statutes instead of so-called "BWS" reforms. Such reforms would give greater recognition to the domestic context as a relevant measure of reasonable self-defense and improve access to justice for a broader range of battered woman defendants. An abridged version, detailing the model reform legislation, received 2nd place in the 2009 American Bar Association Commission on Domestic Violence Law Student Writing Competition.
Some Fundamental Aspects of Biological Effects of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF)

Environmental ELF fields in the spectrum below 100 Hz are an intrinsic aspect of the normal terrestrial environment. The entire gamut of terrestrial organisms from bacteria to man have evolved in this unceasing barrage of electromagnetic activity. Coupling of fields at these frequencies to tissues will be weak in comparison with radio or microwave fields having the same electric gradients in air, whether the tissues be in the near field of man-made devices, with direct capacitive coupling, or in the far field of propagating ELF disturbances, such as the Schumann resonances that encircle the earth as true Maxwellian radiation. Thus, the expected levels of induced components of environmental fields in the tissues of man exposed to a 10 kV/m power line field at 50 or 60 Hz would be in the range of 1.0 mV/cm. In assessing possible biological effects, the level of this induced gradient in extracellular fluid must be equated with the possibilities of direct modification of cell membrane potentials, where these membrane potentials are vastly greater, typically of the order of 105 V/cm. Since this clear disparity in gradients between the components of imposed fields and the membrane potential has been long known, it has been assumed that interactions were extremely unlikely.
Classification of polarimetric SAR imagery using unsupervised H/α and extended H/α schemes to detect anomalies on earthen levees

Fully polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (polSAR) data analysis has wide applications for terrain and ground cover classification. SAR technology, due to its high spatial resolution and soil penetration capability, is a good choice to identify problematic areas on earthen levees. In this paper, using the entropy (H), alpha angle (α), and eigenvalue parameters (λ), we implemented several unsupervised classification algorithms for the identification of anomalies on levees. The classification techniques applied here are: H/α classification and extended H/α (H/α/λ) classification. In this work, the effectiveness of the algorithms was demonstrated using quad-polarimetric L-band SAR imagery from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL's) Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR).
Extended survival after chemotherapy and conservative radiotherapy for HPV-16 positive stage IVB oropharyngeal carcinoma

Willemsen AECAB , van Herpen CML . mTOR inhibitor [1] related pulmonary toxicity; incidence even higher . Acta Oncol Epub 2013 Feb 14 . Iacovelli R , Palazzo A , Mezi S , Morano F , Naso G , Cortesi E . [2] Incidence and risk of pulmonary toxicity in patients treated with mTOR inhibitors for malignancy . A meta-analysis of published trials. Acta Oncol 2012 ; 51 : 873 – 9 . the RR was 10.5 (95% CI 2.9 – 37.8; p 0.001) and no heterogeneity was found (Q 0.1, p 0.99; I 2 0%) (Figure 1b). We performed a sensitivity analysis to test the effect of control on RR and we found greater RR in trials comparing mTORi with the placebo (RR: 51.6; 95% CI 7.2 – 369.1; p 0.001) compared to trials using active controls (RR: 30.4; 95% CI 5.9 – 155.2; p 0.001) for all grades of PT. However, considering the overlap of confi dence intervals these differences cannot be considered signifi cant. Similarly, differences were not found for high grade PT in placebo versus active controls (RR: 10.7 vs. 10.3, respectively). These data confi rmed our conclusion and those reported by Willemsen and van Herpen that patients treated with mTOR inhibitors have an increased risk Figure 1. Relative risk for all grades (a) or high grade (b) pulmonary toxicity in patients treated with mTOR inhibitors compared to controls.
Heteronuclear Multidimensional Protein NMR in a Teaching Laboratory

Heteronuclear multidimensional NMR techniques are commonly used to study protein structure, function, and dynamics, yet they are rarely taught at the undergraduate level. Here, we describe a senior undergraduate laboratory where students collect, process, and analyze heteronuclear multidimensional NMR experiments using an unstudied Ig domain (Ig2 of human obscurin) in order to sequence-specifically assign this domain. In this way, this project-oriented laboratory tries to simulate an authentic biomolecular NMR research experience. Through the semester, students gain a more thorough understanding of both the specific technical aspects of multidimensional NMR analysis and the process by which raw data are converted into sequence-specific secondary structural information.
Structure and magnetic properties of Al_2O_3/NiO coated Ni nanoparticles

Al2O3/NiO composite-coated Ni nanoparticles are prepared by arc-discharging a bulk Ni-Al (4%-5% Al, mass fraction) alloy. The HRTEM shows the nanoparticles form in a core-shell structure, with the size of the particles in range of 5-60 nm and the thickness of the shell 2-4 nm. The core consists of particles of Ni and few Ni-AI alloy, while the shell consists of Al2O3/NiO composites. The core-shell structure can prevent Ni nanoparticles from oxidation and agglomeration. A saturation magnetization of Ms = 29.6 Am2/kg and a coercive force of Hc = 4.13 kA/m are achieved for the nanoparticles. The loop shift in the hysteresis loop shows the existence of the exchange anisotropy at the ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic interfaces of the nanoparticles.
Insertions and Deletions (Indels)

Insertion–deletion mutations (indels) refer to insertion and/or deletion of nucleotides into genomic DNA and include events less than 1 kb in length. Indels are supremely important in clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS), as they are implicated as the driving mechanism underlying many constitutional and oncologic diseases. Additionally, indels are a common mechanism of kinase activation in cancer—a feature exploited clinically by targeted therapy with kinase inhibitors. The sequencing techniques and bioinformatics tools used for NGS analysis both influence the sensitivity and specificity of indel detection. Multiple factors inherent to indels as a mutation class also complicate their detection, including indel size, sequence context, and variant annotation. This chapter provides an overview of the mechanisms that generate indels and the impact these mechanisms have on detection. The functional effects of indels are also discussed, with clinically relevant examples. Tools for predicting the functional consequences of novel indels are covered, as are their limitations in clinical interpretation. Technical factors of NGS assay design and specimen selection that impact indel detection are discussed, as are the general bioinformatics approaches to identifying indels in NGS data, including the benefits and limitations of different algorithms. Problems with developing consensus annotations for identified indels and their impact on evidence-based interpretation of identified indel variants, a major issue in clinical NGS indel testing, are reviewed. Finally, the lack of a gold-standard for indel detection and validation, and barriers to development of reference indel materials are covered.
Optimization of plutonium and minor actinide transmutation in an AP1000 fuel assembly via a genetic search algorithm

Abstract The average nuclear power plant produces twenty metric tons of used nuclear fuel per year, which contains approximately 95 wt% uranium, 1 wt% plutonium, and 4 wt% fission products and transuranic elements. Fast reactors are the preferred option for the transmutation of plutonium and minor actinides; however, an optimistic deployment time of at least 20 years indicates a need for a near-term solution. Previous simulation work demonstrated the potential to transmute transuranic elements in a modified light water reactor fuel pin. This study optimizes a quarter-assembly containing target fuels coated with spectral shift absorbers for the transmutation of plutonium and minor actinides in light water reactors. The spectral shift absorber coating on the target fuel pin tunes the neutron energy spectrum experienced by the target fuel. A coupled model developed using the NEWT module from SCALE 6.1 and a genetic algorithm module from the DAKOTA optimization toolbox provided performance data for the burnup of the target fuel pins in the present study. The optimization with the coupled NEWT/DAKOTA model proceeded in three stages. The first stage optimized a single-target fuel pin per quarter-assembly adjacent to the central instrumentation channel. The second stage evaluated a variety of quarter-assemblies with multiple target fuel pins from the first stage and the third stage re-optimized the pins in the optimal second stage quarter-assembly. An 8 wt% PuZrO2MgO inert matrix fuel pin with a 1.44 mm radius and a 0.06 mm Lu2O3 coating in a five target fuel pin per quarter-assembly configuration represents the optimal combination for the transmutation of plutonium and minor actinides in the LWR environment considered in this study.
Perioperative outcomes of induction therapy followed by esophagectomy versus esophagectomy alone for treatment of esophageal cancer.

e15017 Background: Induction chemoradiation therapy (CRT) followed by esophagectomy has recently gained wider acceptance as the preferred treatment for locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer. Ho...
The matrix protein Tiggrin regulates plasmatocyte maturation in Drosophila larva

The lymph gland (LG) is a major source of hematopoiesis during Drosophila development. In this tissue, prohemocytes differentiate into multiple lineages, including macrophage-like plasmatocytes, which comprise the vast majority of mature hemocytes. Previous studies have uncovered genetic pathways that regulate prohemocyte maintenance and some cell fate choices between hemocyte lineages. However, less is known about how the plasmatocyte pool of the LG is established and matures. Here, we report that Tiggrin, a matrix protein expressed in the LG, is a specific regulator of plasmatocyte maturation. Tiggrin mutants exhibit precocious maturation of plasmatocytes, whereas Tiggrin overexpression blocks this process, resulting in a buildup of intermediate progenitors (IPs) expressing prohemocyte and hemocyte markers. These IPs likely represent a transitory state in prohemocyte to plasmatocyte differentiation. We also found that overexpression of Wee1 kinase, which slows G2/M progression, results in a phenotype similar to Tiggrin overexpression, whereas String/Cdc25 expression phenocopies Tiggrin mutants. Further analysis revealed that Wee1 inhibits plasmatocyte maturation through upregulation of Tiggrin transcription. Our results elucidate connections between the extracellular matrix and cell cycle regulators in the regulation of hematopoiesis.
SIMILAR EFFECTS OF INDOLEAMINE AND PHENYLETHYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS ON DORSAL AND MEDIAN RAPHE NEURONS

ABSTRACT With a new cytofluorimetric technique to measure serotonin (5-HT) at the cellular level, relying on measures of fluorescence fading to detect changes in 5-HT and distinguish them from changes in catecholamines (CA), we have demonstrated that both indoleamine and phenylethylamine hallucinogens selectively increase intracellular levels of 5-HT within both the dorsal (B7) and median (B8) raphe nuclei.
‘Lyin' Ted’, ‘Crooked Hillary’, and ‘Deceptive Donald’: Language of Lies in the 2016 US Presidential Debates

Summary Language in the high-stakes 2016 US presidential primary campaign was contentious, filled with name-calling, personal attacks, and insults. Language in debates served at least three political functions: for image making, to imagine potential realities currently not in practice, and to disavow facts. In past research, the reality monitoring (RM) framework has discriminated accurately between truthful and deceptive accounts (~70% classification). Truthful accounts show greater sensory, time and space, and affective information, with little evidence of cognitive operations. An RM algorithm was used with Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software to code candidates' language. RM scores were significantly higher in fact-checked truth statements than in lies, and debate language in the 2016 primaries was as deceptive as fact-checked lies. In a binary logistic regression model, one RM criterion, cognitive processes, predicted veracity using computerized RM, classifying 87% of fact-checked truth statements but only 28% of fact-checked lie statements (63% classification overall).Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deploying Context-Aware Health Technology at Home: Human-Centric Challenges

Publisher Summary The medical systems in many industrialized countries around the world face a problem of paying for the care of an aging population. Recent work has demonstrated that sensors placed in the home environment can be used to develop algorithms that infer context, such as activities of daily living. Context-aware applications can then be created that may help people stay healthy, active, and safe in their homes as they age. Although automatic detection of context from home sensors is an active research area, some critical aspects of the “human-centric” side of creating and deploying these home health systems related to sensor installation, algorithm training, and error recovery have been largely ignored by the research community. Using an example of a medication adherence system motivated by some pilot experiments in which there were subjects self-install sensors in a home, twelve questions were set out, that encouraged context-aware application developers (as well as machine learning researchers providing the context detection algorithms) to ask themselves as they go forward with their research. This chapter argues that these human-centric questions directly impact not only important aspects of human–computer interface design but also the appropriateness of the selection of specific context detection algorithms related to sensor installation, algorithm training, and error recovery have been largely ignored by the research community.
Choice-of-Law Clauses in U.S. Bond Indentures

Over the past few decades, the state and federal courts in New York have adopted a number of interpretive rules that they use exclusively to construe choice-of-law clauses. Several of these rules produce outcomes that are arguably inconsistent with the expectations of most contracting parties. Drawing upon a hand-collected dataset of 351 form bond indentures filed with the SEC, this Article seeks to determine whether the choice-of-law clauses in these indentures have been updated to account for these adverse interpretive decisions. In a surprising number of instances, it finds that these clauses have not been updated. The Article argues that this inattention likely stems from the fact that neither the issuers nor the underwriters nor the lawyers who advise them view the ancillary language in the choice-of-law clause — everything except the words “New York” — as particularly important. Since most new indentures are based on past templates, choice-of-law clauses in old agreements routinely slip into new agreements without discussion or alteration.The effect of this inattention is to expose the issuer to unnecessary legal risk. To address this risk, the article proposes “model” clause language for drafters to incorporate into future bond indentures. The use of this language will, in the author’s view, substantially reduce the risk that claims relating to an indenture will be governed by the law of a state other than New York.
Quantity superlatives in Germanic, or, ‘Life on the fault line between adjective and determiner'

This paper concerns the superlative forms of the words many, much, few, and little, and their equivalents in German, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Dalecarlian, Icelandic, and Faroese. It demon-strates that every possible relationship between definiteness marking and interpretation is attested. It also demonstrates that different kinds of agreement mismatches are found under relative and proportional readings. One consistent pattern is that under a relative interpretation, quantity superlatives with adverbial morphology show neuter singular agreement even if the target noun is plural. In contrast, under a proportional interpretation, quantity superlatives always agree in number. This evidence is taken to show that quantity superlatives are not structurally analogous to quality superlatives such as tallest on either a relative or a proportional reading; however, depending on their interpretation, quantity superlatives depart from a plain attributive structure in different ways. On relative readings, they can have a structure akin to that of pseudo-partitives (as in two liters of milk), while on proportional readings, they tend to have a quantificational structure, sometimes involving a true partitive (as in some of the children). Furthermore, I suggest that the agreement features of a quantity superlative depend on the domain from which the target is drawn (the Target-Domain Hypothesis).
Numerical Issues Affecting the Eigenproblem Solution of Transversely Vibrating Segmented Structures

The subject of this research is multi-segmented, telescoping, beam-like structures, which represent an important class of engineering systems with, in general, nonuniform geometric and physical parameters. The distributed parameter Euler-Bernoulli sectioning methodology applied to such structures produces a transcendental eigenvalue equation that requires a numerical root-funding algorithm. This study provides evidence that for continuous system upper modes, root finding algorithm is subject to numerical instability due to the finite precision associated with software and hardware used for the computations. The results obtained after extensive numerical computation and analysis of three-segment cantilever telescoping beams with two lap joints, yield new insights into the prediction of the numerical instability and the role computational issues may play in the solution of distributed parameter eigenproblems.
DYT6, Mixed Phenotype Primary Dystonia

DYT6 refers to primary generalized dystonia inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion due to mutations in the newly discovered DYT6 gene, THAP1. While initially described only in Amish-Mennonites, mutations in non-Amish-Mennonite families have been described as well (in press). Unlike DYT1 dystonia, where the GAG deletion is seen across different families, multiple different mutations in the three exon THAP1 gene are responsible for disease. DYT6 dystonia has a mixed age of onset, with the median onset in adolescence, but a range from childhood to middle age. The dystonia is also mixed in site and final distribution. It often involves the arm, and when it generalizes, gait is usually not disabling as in DYT1 dystonia. Speech involvement and cranial dystonia are characteristic features, but are not seen in all cases.
The quest for a Pan-African groove: saxophones and stories from the Pan-African Festival of Algiers (1969)

In a 2014 interview, African-American saxophonist Archie Shepp reflected on his star performance with Touareg musicians at the Pan-African Festival of Algiers of 1969. ‘The Touaregs are a bit diffe...
David Oliver: Will robotic automation solve social care?

Ara Darzi, surgeon and former health minister, has this year called for “full automation” of “repetitive tasks” in health and care services. In June the magazine National Health Executive quoted Darzi as saying that the NHS could free up £12.5bn worth of staff time by investing in a “far reaching programme of automation.”1 What further piqued my interest was the reported claim that a “further £6bn productivity gain” could be achieved in social care through automation. Where had Darzi’s quoted figures come from? The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR)—which describes itself as “the UK’s leading progressive think tank”—published media releases about its report Better Health and Care for All: A 10 point plan for the 2020 s, …
Etapas evolutivas de la micología médica nacional: un nuevo y amplio capítulo de la micología chilena

Se comenta la evolucion de la Micologia Medica nacional subdividida en tres etapas, relacionando su contenido cientifico en forma paralela con los aportes mas significativos de la Micologia Medica mundial. La primera etapa se denomina post-Grubiana (1892-1940), es iniciada por Fromel en el ano 1892, caracterizada por una epoca netamente clinica con estudios dirigidos principalmente hacia las Dermatomicosis y Actinomicosis. Predomina la marcada influencia de la escuela Europea. Culmina con los aportes de un gran cientifico como fue el profesor Hugo Vaccari, que establece con sus discipulos los cimientos de la Micologia contemporanea nacional. La segunda etapa denominada Renacentista {1940-1970), presenta un enfoque morfologico clinico neto donde ademas de las micosis superficiales el micologo medico inicia la busqueda de los agentes de las micosis profundas causadas por hongos oportunistas, en especial Asperguosis y Candidosis. Se describen los primeros casos de Criptococosis, Histoplasmosis, Esporotricosis y Micetoma eumicotico podal. Se emprende la busqueda de datos epidemiologicos mediante encuestas basadas en estudios de sensibilizacion a histoplasmina, paracoccidioidina y coccidioidina, que arrojaron resultados generalmente negativos. Destacan en esta epoca los nombres de Pozo, Honorato, Flores y Ferrada como impulsores de las corrientes micologicas influenciadas por la escuela americana, complementando a la tradicional escuela europea. La tercera etapa denominada Contemporanea (1970 ~), se aprecia una diversificacion y transformacion en el clinico que se pone en evidencia por su ampliacion en el campo micologico, orientandose principalmente hacia el campo de la morfologia, la inmunologia, la ecologia y la alergologia. El diagnostico inmunologico de las micosis se aplica como rutina en algunos centros hospitalarios y se pone enfasis en la terapia de algunas micosis sistemicas en especial Candidosis y Criptococosis. Se detectan .nuevos agentes oportunistas o patogenos tales como Scedosporium apiospermium, (Monosporium apiospermium), un nuevo caso de Esporotricosis y otros hongos en forma esporadica, indicando que nuestra patologia se enriquecera en la medida que se extienda el interes micologico de nuestros profesionales de la salud y se acerque el clinico hacia el micologo, en un afan de solucion conjunta de los problemas originados por las enfermedades fungicas.
Response to Dr Mion: ketamine for acute pain management.

We appreciate the thoughtful comments by Dr Mion[1][1] regarding the ketamine consensus guidelines for acute pain management,[2][2] and will respond to the three main points brought to our attention. First, the PODCAST[3][3] trial findings which Dr Mion referenced have indeed cast doubt on the
Calibration plan for the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) engineering test unit

The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission will launch no earlier than summer 2022. The primary payload is the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). OCI is a hyperspectral imaging radiometer that will measure top-of-atmosphere radiances from 340nm to 2260nm at approximately 1km spatial resolution. The spectral resolution will be 5nm from 340nm to 890nm to enable the production of innovative ocean color products on a global scale (OCI will provide global coverage every 2 days). There are 7 different multispectral bands in the shortwave infrared to support atmospheric correction for ocean color and aerosol and cloud studies. Ocean color applications require state of the art radiometric accuracy (approximately 0.5%, excluding the absolute calibration uncertainty). Considerable effort has been invested in the planning of the prelaunch calibration campaign and the on-orbit calibration capabilities. This paper describes the current plans for the prelaunch calibration and characterization campaign of the OCI Engineering Test Unit (ETU), which is scheduled to begin towards the end of 2019, and expected to conclude April 2020. The prelaunch calibration campaign will characterize all sensor characteristics that are expected to influence radiometric sensitivity: absolute calibration (i.e. radiometric gains), signal to noise ratio, nonlinearity, response versus scan angle, dynamic range, straylight, crosstalk, and sensitivities to polarization and temperature. In addition to these characterization tests (which will only be performed once for the ETU), two types of tests have been developed that monitor the evolution of several OCI radiometric characteristics: a Limited Performance Test (LPT, expected duration about 8 hours), and a Comprehensive Performance Test (CPT, expected duration about 2 days).
Architecture + Design as a Means for Constructing an Experiential & Democratic Learning Environment in the Social Studies Classroom

The purpose of this conceptual work is to explore ways in which K-12 classrooms can be used as a physical and abstract model for society in which students can practice becoming effective, participatory citizens. The authors framed this manuscript around ways in which the K-12 learning environment can be transformed into “a miniature community - an embryonic society” as envisioned by John Dewey (1916). More specifically, the authors seek to use this scholarship to address a gap in the literature between the field of architecture + design and the broad aims of education that often connect to principles of democracy and citizenship. Following a discussion on the intersection of architecture + design and the social studies, the authors present a lesson for how to effectively teach preservice social studies teachers about ways to both think about and manipulate their classroom for the benefit of their students as well as recommendations for the field going forward in this area of scholarship.
Longing for Arrival: Visual Representations of Cultural Mis/Encounters

Either planned or unexpected, the interruption of travel is an arrival of sorts that plays out as a cultural encounter constrained by the difference between the traveler’s experience and her expectations. This article refers to three visual representations of the (im)possibility of such cultural encounters, where the viewer gets access to the pervasive liminal space that prevents the actualization of the encounter and becomes the vehicle or performer of the gap. Sergei Loznitsa’s documentary film Austerlitz (2016) is an account of the phenomenon of heritage tourism observed at a Holocaust memorial site. Through framings of insistent exposure of the visible and audible, the film reveals the embodied dimension of a pervasive longing for an elusive cultural meaning. Austerlitz situates this mis-encounter within a liminal space continually adjusted by the distance between viewer and filmic subject. Karim Ainouz’s documentary film Central Airport THF (2018) looks at the experience of Syrian asylum seekers sheltered in the hangars of Berlin’ defunct Tempelhof Airport. The film contrasts the migrants’ daily lives inside the former airport’ regimented space with scenes of locals enjoying activities in the park built around the runways. The tension between the two social geographies prompts the viewer to acknowledge the in-between as an inescapable zone of cultural and political distance. Maja Nydal Eriksen’s traveling photography exhibition 100% FOREIGN? (Copenhagen City Hall 2017) assembles photographic portraits co-authored by its former refugees subjects, along empowering first person narratives of their stories of living as ‘foreigners’ in Denmark. However, through its setting, the exhibition fails to situate the viewer within a position that could destabilize her outsider gaze and trigger a sense of responsibility. While these texts employ, manipulate, and rely on a performative understanding of the idea of gaze, they are effective in so far as they destabilize the viewer from her position of detached observer, and bring her to acknowledge the responsibility of a belonging.
Chapter 318 – Kidney

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on cell-to-cell communication within the kidney and highlights signal transduction among different cells. The vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of renal microvessels respond to local paracrine factors in addition to circulating hormones and sympathetic nerve activity. Contraction of VSMCs is regulated by physical and chemical factors, with multiple signal transduction pathways coupling agonist-receptor interactions to [Ca2+]i followed by activation of the actin-myosin contractile machinery. Endothelial cells are in contact with blood elements, and subjected to hemodynamic forces such as hydrostatic pressure and shear stress. The lumen hydrostatic pressure tends to distend the arterioles, causing a contractile myogenic response, whereas the shear stress, depending on the flow velocity, causes release of vasodilator agents, including nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase (COX) products, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), and vasoconstrictor factors, including endothelin-1 (ET), cytochrome P450 (Cyt-P450) products, and COX2 derivatives. Microsomal heme-oxygenase (HO) catalyzes the metabolism of heme to form carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin, and free iron. Two isoforms, HO-1 and HO-2, are expressed in the kidney. Constitutively active HO-2 is ubiquitous, present in the renal vasculature and in almost all nephron segments. Under basal conditions, inducible HO-1 appears to be at low levels or absent from renal structures. Intrarenal bradykinin has vascular actions in the cortex and medulla mediated primarily, if not exclusively, by B2 receptors. The main action of bradykinin is vasodilatation, mediated by a predominance of B2 receptors on endothelial cells, which stimulate phospholipase C (PLC) production and increase [Ca2+]i to stimulate eNOS activity and release endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)/epoxy-eicosatrienoic acids (EET).