cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interference Structure in Ion-Atom Collisions

In low-energy ion-atom collisions, electronic excitation occurs dominantly via non-adiabatic transitions between quantum states of the quasimolecule (collision complex) formed momentarily during the collision. A growing list of cases have been found by several groups in which collision-induced optical emission of particular target or projectile spectral lines oscillates as a function of bombarding energy. These "Rosenthal oscillations" result from multiple excitation paths where there is long range mixing. In the light emitted from certain states of helium atoms excited in He+-He collisions, we have seen these oscillations emerge dramatically in the velocity-dependence of the polarization fraction of the light, even though they were not obvious in the total emission cross-section. In particular, from the sign of the polarization of light from the 3, D states, one can infer that rotational coupling in the excitation is nearly maximal, leading to strong collisional alignment. The interpretation of these oscillation patterns is discussed with particular reference to polarization effects. Possible applications to spectroscopy of collision complexes and to the analysis of the first few monolayers of solid surfaces will be described.
Effects of tissue type and promoter strength on transient GUS expression in sugarcane following particle bombardment

Effects of tissue type and promoter strength on transient GUS expression in the sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) cultivar NCo 310 were evaluated following microprojectile bombardment of leaf explants. GUS expression was histochemically or fluorometrically measured 48 h after delivery of the uidA gene. High levels of GUS expression were obtained in leaf segments isolated from young, expanding sugarcane leaves cultured for 1, 3, or 6 d prior to bombardment. The promoter derived from the maize ubiquitin 1 gene (Ubi-1) produced significantly more GUS foci and higher GUS activity levels compared to the recombinant Emu, rice actin 1 (Act1), and CaMV 35S promoters. Our transient expression system should facilitate efforts to identify promoters and elements which will regulate desired gene expression patterns in sugarcane and aid in development of an efficient stable transformation system.
Natural history, determinants, and clinical relevance of conduction abnormalities following orthotopic heart transplantation

To study the long-term evolution, determinants, and clinical relevance of the conduction abnormalities after orthotopic heart transplantation, 87 patients, followed for a mean of 105 +/- 72 weeks, were divided into 3 groups according to the characteristics of their electrocardiograms compared with their initial electrocardiogram recorded at study entry. The first group consisted of 24 patients whose initial electrocardiogram was normal, and subsequent electrocardiograms remained normal throughout the study. The second group included 27 patients who developed electrocardiographic evidence of progressive conduction system damage. The third group comprised 36 patients whose initial electrocardiogram was abnormal and subsequent electrocardiograms remained unchanged during follow-up. Although the hemodynamic and echocardiographic evaluation of right and left ventricular function were initially similar among the 3 groups, groups 2 and 3 demonstrated a significant deterioration of left ventricular ejection fraction (62 +/- 12% to 55 +/- 16% and 62 +/- 8% to 57 +/- 14%, respectively; p < 0.05) and cardiac index (2.7 +/- 0.6 to 2.3 +/- 0.5 and 3.0 +/- 0.9 to 2.5 +/- 0.9 L/min/m2, respectively; p < 0.05) while patients in group 1 maintained their normal baseline indices. Incidence and progression of coronary artery disease, as well as frequency of rejection episodes, were comparable among the groups. Mortality was higher in the 2 groups with evidence of conduction defects. Sudden death associated with complete heart block (2 patients) or ventricular arrhythmias (3 patients) was exclusively confined to patients with evidence of progressive electrocardiogram abnormalities. We conclude that, following orthotopic heart transplantation, stable or progressive conduction system damage on the electrocardiogram is associated with left ventricular dysfunction and increased mortality. Sudden death is not uncommon among patients demonstrating worsening cardiac conduction and, in some cases, is related to the development of potentially preventable complete heart block.
Cyclic voltammetric studies of pentacyano(phosphine)ferrate(II) complexes

Abstract Half-wave potentials for nine [Fe(CN) 5 L] 2−/3− couples are reported, where L = P(cyclohexyl) 3 (0.321 V), AsPh 3 (0.564 V), SbPh 3
Adherence to hormonal contraception among women veterans: differences by race/ethnicity and contraceptive supply

Objective The objective of the study was to assess the adherence to hormonal contraception (pill, patch, ring, or injectable) among women veterans and examine the relationships between race/ethnicity and the months of contraceptive supply dispensed with contraceptive adherence. Study Design We conducted a retrospective analysis of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) national databases to examine the adherence to hormonal contraception over 12 months among women aged 18-45 years who had hormonal contraceptive coverage during the first week of fiscal year 2008. We examined several adherence indicators including gaps between refills and months of contraceptive coverage. Descriptive statistics and multivariable models were used to examine the associations between race/ethnicity and contraceptive supply dispensed with adherence. Results Our cohort included 6946 women: 47% were white, 6% were Hispanic, 22% were black, and 25% were other race or had missing race information. Most women (83%) received a 3 month supply of contraception at each fill. More than 64% of women had at least 1 gap in coverage of 7 days or longer. Only 22% of women received a full 12 months of contraception without any gaps (perfect adherence). Compared with whites, Hispanics were significantly more likely to experience gaps (64% vs 70%; P = .02), and Hispanics and blacks received fewer months of contraceptive coverage (9.3 vs 8.9 and 9.0, P P P P Conclusion Adherence to hormonal contraception among women veterans is poor. Efforts to improve contraceptive adherence and lower risk of unintended pregnancy are needed; dispensing more months of supply for hormonal contraception may be a promising strategy.
New England Labor History Conference

"golden age" for working women, Ferrari emphasized the small number of independent female artisans in Southern towns and the precariousness of their economic existence. Even when listed in city directories as black smiths or shoemakers, Ferrari pointed out, most female artisans were merely managing their deceased husbands' slaves, who actually performed the work. The few women performing a trade did so largely in the clothing sector. While some female dressmakers enjoyed relative economic stabil ity, retained their shops through marriage, widowhood, or remarriage, and often had access to considerable capital, most craftswomen, Ferrari stressed, found themselves in highly unstable and short-lasting positions. Thus, the author concluded, to a woman a "trade" often meant an added burden and not, as in the case of their male counterparts, a source of pride, identity, and relative economic stability.
Activation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels and biphasic cytosolic calcium responses by angiotensin II in rat adrenal glomerulosa cells.

The steroidogenic actions of angiotensin II (All) and increased extracellular K+ concentrations ([K+]) in rat adrenal glomerulosa cells are selectively enhanced by the voltage- sensitive calcium channel agonist Bay K 8644 (BK 8644). The relationship between these effects of the dihydropyridine agonist and cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was investigated in rat and bovine glomerulosa cells. In the rat glomerulosa cells, All and increased [K+] elicited rapid elevations of [Ca2+]i with distinctive temporal characteristics. Whereas the [Ca2+]i response to [K+] declined to basal over 2-3 min, addition of 10 nM All caused a biphasic increase in [Ca2+]i, with a rapid transient rise followed by a lower plateau phase that remained above basal for several minutes. BK 8644 alone did not affect [Ca2+]j, but at low concentrations (30 nM) increased the magnitude and duration of the [Ca2+]i response elicited by progressive elevation of extracellular [K+] to 12 mM. In All-stimulated glomerulosa cells, 30 nM BK ...
Survey of current status and future trends in reinforced plastics composites

The production of reinforced plastics has constantly increased since the Second World War. With a forecast growth rate of 8 to 12 percent annually over the next decade, composites are one of the fastest growing sectors of the plastics industry. Advanced composites will show the largest expansion, due to a strong increase in demands in aerospace and military markets. Penetration of advanced composites into big-volume markets has not occurred, but it is believed that advances in both materials and machinery will accelerate the mass-production of these materials. High-volume composites will see a less rapid growth rate but demands for these materials will continue to increase. Land transportation will remain the largest and will be also the fastest growing market for high-volume composites. Current status and future trends in the uses of various reinforcing fibers and matrix resins are presented. Hurdles to the expansion of reinforced plastics are also discussed.
Paternal and maternal effects on fruit and seed characteristics in cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.)

Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the effect of maternal and paternal parents on fruit and seed characteristics in cherimoya. Using two commercially important cultivars in California as maternal parents (‘White’ and ‘Booth’) and three cultivars as paternal parents (‘White’, ‘Booth’ and ‘Chaffey’), we found that both maternal and paternal parent cultivars had significant effects on quantitative and qualitative fruit and seed characteristics. Maternal cultivar had a significant effect on mean seed weight, fruit set, surface morphology of carpels, and the percentage of carpels with protuberances. Pollen parent cultivar also produced significant differential effects on fruit and seed characteristics or xenia. Pollen parent cultivar had significant effects on fruit characters such as fruit length, fruit weight and percentage fruit set. Seed characters significantly affected by pollen parent included seed weight per fruit, seed number and mean seed weight. Other fruit characters such as fruit diameter, length diameter ratio, grams of fruit flesh per seed, and days to maturity, although not significant at the P
A Priori Estimates for Mixed Finite Element Methods for the Wave Equation

Abstract This paper treats mixed methods for second order hyperbolic equations. The convergence of a mixed method continuous-time scheme for the hyperbolic problem is reduced to a question of convergence of the associated elliptic problem. Stability conditions are also derived for a conditionally stable explicit scheme. Numerical experiments are presented that verify the theoretical rates of convergence and compare two of the discrete schemes discussed.
Ultrasonographic appearance of necrotizing gangrene: aid in early diagnosis

In 2 seriously ill patients with scrotal swelling of uncertain origin, scrotal and perineal ultrasonography demonstrated gas in the soft tissue before crepitus was detected on physical examination. Necrotizing infections of the scrotum and perineum have characteristic ultrasonographic features that can facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Zimbardo's “stanford prison experiment” and the relevance of social psychology for teaching business ethics

The prevailing pedagogical approach in business ethics generally underestimates or even ignores the powerful influences of situational factors on ethical analysis and decision-making. This is due largely to the predominance of philosophy-oriented teaching materials. Social psychology offers relevant concepts and experiments that can broaden pedagogy to help students understand more fully the influence of situational contexts and role expectations in ethical analysis. Zimbardo's “Stanford Prison Experiment” is used to illustrate the relevance of social psychology experiments for business ethics instruction.
Molecular trafficking across the nuclear pore complex

The nuclear pore complex is the gateway for protein and RNA transport between the cytoplasm and nucleus. Recent work has characterized signals and components involved in nuclear import of macromolecules and has described mechanisms for transport regulation. Advances in understanding the structure of the pore complex are starting to provide a framework for interpreting the biochemistry of nuclear import. Information on the export of RNA from the nucleus is only beginning to emerge.
Sound pressure transformations by the head and pinnae of the adult Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera).

Abstract There are three main cues to sound location: the interaural differences in time (ITD) and level (ILD) as well as the monaural spectral shape cues. These cues are generated by the spatial- and frequency-dependent filtering of propagating sound waves by the head and external ears. Although the chinchilla has been used for decades to study the anatomy, physiology, and psychophysics of audition, including binaural and spatial hearing, little is actually known about the sound pressure transformations by the head and pinnae and the resulting sound localization cues available to them. Here, we measured the directional transfer functions (DTFs), the directional components of the head-related transfer functions, for 9 adult chinchillas. The resulting localization cues were computed from the DTFs. In the frontal hemisphere, spectral notch cues were present for frequencies from ∼6–18 kHz. In general, the frequency corresponding to the notch increased with increases in source elevation as well as in azimuth towards the ipsilateral ear. The ILDs demonstrated a strong correlation with source azimuth and frequency. The maximum ILDs were 5 kHz. The maximum ITDs were dependent on frequency, yielding 236 μs at 4 kHz and 336 μs at 250 Hz. Removal of the pinnae eliminated the spectral notch cues, reduced the acoustic gain and the ILDs, altered the acoustic axis, and reduced the ITDs.
Body size estimation and other psychosocial risk factors for obesity onset among US adolescents: findings from a longitudinal population level study.

The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal effects of body size over- and underestimation and other psychosocial factors on the risk for onset of overweight (OW) or obesity (OB) 1 year later among US adolescents. Participants with non-missing height and weight were drawn from the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n=13 568). Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to assess longitudinal risk factors for OW and OB onset, controlling for baseline weight status, age, race/ethnicity, parent education and family structure. Analyses were stratified by sex. Compared with accurate body size perception, body size overestimation increased the relative risk (RR) of OW onset among women and men (RR=3.34, confidence interval (CI)=2.39–4.68; RR=6.01, CI=4.09–8.83, respectively, P<0.001) in fully adjusted models including body mass index z-scores. Body size underestimation decreased the RR of OW onset among women and men (RR= 0.08, CI=0.03–0.20; RR=0.13, CI=0.06–0.27, respectively) and OB onset (RR=0.05, CI=0.02–0.14; RR=0.19, CI=0.08–0.47, respectively, P<0.001 for all) in fully adjusted models. Dieting, extreme weight loss behaviors and skipping breakfast at Wave 1 increased the risk of OB onset by Wave 2. Contrary to a common assumption, body size underestimation did not increase, but in fact decreased, the RR for the onset of OW and of OB among adolescents using a prospective longitudinal design. However, body size overestimation predicted onset of OW 1 year later. Body size self-concept and other psychosocial factors have an important role in risk for OW and for OB among both males and females during adolescence.
Detection and Titration of Staphylococcus aureus Agglutinin in Serum.

Summary and conclusionsA technically simple agglutination test for detection and titration of an unidentified anti-staphylococcal factor, presumably antibody, in human and animal sera is described. By this test variable titers have been found to occur naturally in sera of animals and of man. Agglutinins are present in large amount in pooled human gamma globulin and in insignificant amounts in a single agammaglobulinemic serum. Titers of this factor can be increased by treatment of both animals and man with a staphylococcal vaccine. The suggestion is made that this factor is an antibody on the basis of a) its presence in antibody bearing fraction of blood b) its heat stability c) ability to adsorb it semiquantitatively with coagulase-positive staphylococci and d) ability to elevate titers in rabbits and man by use of staphylococcal vaccine as antigen. Preliminary observations do not enable us to identify the factor being measured by the agglutination test nor assess its clinical significance.
Islands of residual vision in hemianopic patients

Following damage to primary visual cortex, some patients our initial findings. The data reveal a patchy distribution of redemonstrate a limited ability to respond to stimuli they do not sidual visual abilities in the absence of acknowledged awareness. acknowledge seeing. This residual vision, which has been referred to as “blindsight,” has been attributed to secondary visual pathways. We previously reported an isolated island of blindsight in one patient and argued it was a likely consequence of cortical sparing in V1. We now report an extension of our initial findings. The data reveal a patchy distribution of residual visual abilities in the absence of acknowledged awareness. Variable patterns of cortical sparing appear to be the most parsimonious way to account for this outcome, suggesting that blindsight is generally mediated by the primary visual pathway.
A connective tissue membrane as a molecular sieve.

Abstract 1. 1. The urinary bladder of the toad, from which the mucosal cells had been removed, was mounted between two chambers and used for the study of the barrier properties of such a tissue with respect to various proteins and lipoproteins. 2. 2. The passage of [ 14 C]urea, [ 125 I]albumin, albumin labeled with attached 14 C-labeled fatty acid or [ 32 P]lysolecithin, γ-[ 125 I]globulin and low density lipoprotein labeled with [ 14 C]cholesterol and 3 H-labeled fatty acid was studied as a function of time, temperature and concentration. 3. 3. The intact bladder is impermeable to albumin. In the absence of mucosal cells, however, albumin passes through the membrane at a mean rate of 5 % of the initial amount, per 30 min. 4. 4. Transfer is linear with time and concentration and, is 2.8 times greater at 37° than at 6°. The rate for fatty acid or lysolecithin complexed to albumin is the same as for albumin alone, as is the passage of purified γ-globulin. Urea at equimolar concentration is transferred 4 times faster and low density lipoproteins about 10 times slower than albumin. 5. 5. Transferates appear to be determined by diffusion through pores of limited size. Thus, the speed with which fatty acids and lysolecithin, as opposed to other lipids, are metabolized by parenchymal cells may in part be due to differences in transferates of the various lipid-protein complexes through the tissue barriers.
Evaluation of Surface vs Bulk Contributions in Sum-Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy Using Reflection and Transmission Geometries†

An experiment was designed to measure sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectra in both reflection and transmission. The result from an octadecyltrichlorosilane monolayer on a substrate reveals that while the resonant spectra in the two geometries both originate from the surface monolayer, the bulk substrate has a significant contribution to the nonresonant background in the transmitted spectra. Study of a polyethylene film also shows that the bulk contribution to the SFG spectra is only significant for the transmission geometry, exhibiting a resonant mode not observable in the reflected spectra.
Phenothiazines and related compounds disrupt mitochondrial energy production by a calmodulin-independent reaction

Abstract Phenothiazines and related compounds bind to mitochondrial membranes in approximate proportion to their affinities for calmodulin. Penfluridol (16 μM), pimozide (20 μM), or trifluoperazine (66 μM) completely inhibit ADP-stimulated respiration in isolated rat liver mitochondria, but exert no effect on either uncoupler- or Ca2+-stimulated respiration. The inhibition of ADP-stimulated respiration results from inhibition of the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase. Inhibition of the ATPase does not involve interaction of phenothiazine with calmodulin. The addition of calmodulin with or without calcium to mitochondrial inner membrane preparations has no effect on ATPase activity. The addition of EGTA and the ionophore A23187 prior to the addition of phenothiazine does not prevent the phenothiazine-induced inhibition of the ATPase. Measurements of inner membrane calmodulin content by gel electrophoresis or cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activation are negative. Despite the absence of calmodulin in the inner membrane preparations, 12.5 nmol trifluoperazine bind per 100 μg of membrane protein with an association constant, K, of 6.5 · 104 M−1. We conclude that calmodulin-binding neuroleptic agents, when added to whole cells, have the potential to disrupt mitochondrial energy production by a reaction which apparently does not involve a phenothiazine-calmodulin interaction.
Maximizing the information return from ground penetrating radar

Ground penetrating radar data is not always easy to acquire, and sometimes the acquisition may be constrained by equipment availability, weather, legal or logistical constraints, safety or access considerations. Examples of these include archaeological or geotechnical sites about to be excavated, contaminated lands undergoing remediation, hazardous areas such as unexploded ordnance lands or active volcanoes, and difficult to visit locations such as Antarctica or the surface of Mars. These situations may result in only one chance at acquiring data. Thus, the data need to be acquired, processed and modeled with the aim of maximizing the information return for the time, cost and hazard risked. This process begins by properly setting up the survey with the expectation of the site conditions but allowing for flexibility and serendipity in the unknown. Not only are radar data acquired, but also calibration, orientation, location and other required parameters describing the equipment and survey are recorded. All of these parameters are used in the processing and modeling of the data. The final results will be not just a radar image as a pseudo-cross-section, but a corrected geometric cross-section, interpreted electrical and magnetic properties of the ground, location, orientation, size and shape of subsurface objects, and composition of the ground and objects as inferred density, porosity, fluid saturation, and other relevant material occurrence properties.
Statistical morphology of ENA emissions at Saturn

[1] The Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini spacecraft is providing the first energetic neutral particle (ENA) measurements in the magnetosphere of Saturn. Advantageous spacecraft orbits during the first 120 days of 2007 allowed ENA observations to be mapped to the equatorial plane of the planet and surveyed as a statistical ensemble in a Sun-synchronous coordinate system. When projected onto the equatorial plane, emissions from both energetic hydrogen atoms (20–50 keV) and energetic oxygen atoms (64–144 keV) form toroidal distributions nearly concentric with the planet. The hydrogen torus is continuous in local time, but the oxygen torus has a gap from dawn to noon. When fitted to circles, the H torus has a mean radius of 11.0 ± 0.5 RS, while the O torus has a mean radius of 7.9 ± 0.8 RS (1 RS = 60268 km). Both tori display peaks at just before midnight at local times of 23.6 h (H) and 21.8 h (O). These maxima seem to be regular features over the 120-day interval surveyed, suggesting the hot spot may be caused by injection of particles from Saturn's magnetotail, as would be the case during substorms. However, the persistence of the ENA emissions suggests they are continuously driven by processes internal to Saturn's magnetosphere. When mapped along magnetic field lines to Saturn's ionosphere, both H and O emissions appear equatorward of the aurora and are distinct from it.
A diatomic potential function based on observed regularities in spectroscopic data

Abstract A new, analytical diatomic potential function is proposed which is deduced from an empirical examination of regularities in the behavior of the Dunham potential coefficients. The potential is tested on I2 using numerical and perturbation solutions of the vibration-rotation wave equation. The validity of the potential function and the accuracy of various computational methods are compared using several different criteria.
The dynamic response of PEM fuel cells to changes in load

The dynamic response of the stirred tank reactor (STR) polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell has been explored over the temperature range of 35–105 ◦ C. When the fuel cell was operated in the autohumidification mode the fuel cell current “ignited’’ when the membrane water content was greater than a critical level of ∼1.6 H2O/SO3, and it extinguished when the initial membrane water content was below this critical level. Above 70 ◦ C, two stable “ignited’’ states were observed at intermediate load resistances; these steady states corresponded to different levels of membrane hydration. At low load resistances only a single ignited steady state was observed with high membrane hydration, and at high load resistances only a single ignited steady state was observed with intermediate membrane hydration. Hysteresis between the two ignited states was observed; the steady state selected depended on the initial conditions in the fuel cell. The time constant for the fuel cell current to reach steady state after a change in the load resistance was ∼ 10 3 –10 4 s. Below 70 ◦ C only one “ignited’’ state and the extinguished state were observed in the autohumidification fuel cell. After 3000 h of operation the STR PEM fuel cell current and effluent relative humidities oscillated autonomously between two membrane hydration states with a period of oscillation of ∼10,000 s. The oscillations showed abrupt transitions indicative of a capacitive switch. These complex dynamics of PEM fuel cell operation are associated with the membrane water uptake. It is hypothesized that water produced and swells the membrane, altering the interfacial membrane–electrode contact. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Embodied Experience: Representing Risk in Speech and Gesture

This article investigates the ways in which individuals assume two distinct viewpoints in both speech and gesture - both simultaneously and sequentially - when they represent the uncertain knowledge that characterizes risk. In the mimetic viewpoint, individuals represent events as characters in their own narrative or mimic the character viewpoint of an Other. In the analytic viewpoint, individuals move outside of embodied experience to analyze events from a distance. As part of a larger study investigating viewpoint in discourses of risk, this study suggests the important role of viewpoint in understanding individual accounts of risk. Together, speech and gesture provide a richer representation of risk than either speech or gesture alone. But viewpoints represented in gesture may be rendered invisible in written accident reports and investigations (Collins, 1990; Sauer, 1994). This study suggests that individual accounts of risk ultimately reflect highly local sensory experiences that are situated - liter...
A Criterion for Classifying Accidental Liquid Spills into Instantaneous and Continuous Types

Abstract One of the methods contemplated for reducing the potential spill hazards posed by large accidental spills of energy fluids such as Liquefied Natural Gas is to reduce the quantity of spill or prolong the duration of spill of a given volume. These are to be achieved by appropriate changes in the design of ships. To assess the potential hazards from spills of various sizes and spill rates using existing models, classification of spills into instantaneous and continuous types are essential. A time criterion is derived which differentiates the spills into the two classes. If the dimensionless duration of spill is less than 2 × 10−3 the spill is classified as instantaneous spill. It is seen that this cross-over time is essentially indpendent of LNG spill volumes in the range 1000–50,000 m3.
Interface relaxations in epitaxial NiAl intermetallics

Abstract Computer simulations using molecular statics and dynamics techniques, and employing the embedded atom method were utilized to study interfacial relaxations in NiAl intermetallics. The interface structure revealed anomolous atomic relaxations, which cannot be predicted from continuum elasticity. It was also observed that the coherency between NiAl and AlX (where X is a group V element) substrates substantially changes the strain perpendicular to the interface. These strains cannot be explained by linear elasticity. Surface relaxations were consistent with reported values.
A six-point map of the sex-chromosome ofNeurospora crassa

Several new genes differentiating the growth habit ofNeurospora crassa were discovered. One of these,clump, was distinguished from the others by the fact that it had no effect onnormal and improved the vigour of the mutantgap, when carried in the same nucleus. The standardnormal stock which had been propagated asexually for several years was found to be heterokaryotic as result of mutations. The following seriation of loci was established for the sex chromosome: (+),gap, spindle-fibre attachment,crisp, pale anddirty.
Team member selection decisions for virtual versus face-to-face teams

We compared the importance placed on task skills and four personal characteristics when selecting members of virtual and face-to-face teams. We expected that task skills would be most important in selection decisions for virtual teams due to the lack of physical proximity and visibility, whereas personal characteristics would be more important for face-to-face team selection. In a policy capturing study, 100 undergraduates' decision policies indicated that task skills had a greater impact on selection decisions for virtual teams. Gender also influenced selection decisions, with women choosing more female than male applicants for both types of teams. Applicants' race, physical attractiveness, and attitudinal similarity to participants did not influence selection decisions for either type of team; however, when assessed by self-report evaluations, these characteristics and gender, had a greater influence for face-to-face teams.
Movement of beta-irradiated epidermal basal cells to the spinous-granular layers in the absence of cell division.

Guinea-pig epidermis was irradiated with 3000 rad of beta rays 1 hr after two injections of [3H]thymidine 5 hr apart (labeled cells in S phase and G2 phase) or 18 hr after injection (labeled early G1 cells). In nonirradiated epidermis labeled basal cells divided within 24 hr with daughter cells remaining in the basal layer, and approximately 50% of the labeled cells moved into the spinal layer by the 3rd day. Cell division in nonirradiated epidermis diluted the number of silver grains/nucleus, and lightly labeled cells were found in the granular layer by day 7. Beta irradiation inhibited cell division but it did not slow the rate of transit (ca 8 days) of irradiated labeled cells from basal to granular layer, some of these remaining heavily labeled. Although cell division may play some role in upward movement of basal cells in normal epidermis detachment of a basal cell from the basement membrane and its transit to the granular layer is unimpaired in the absence of cell division. These findings suggest that some radioresistant metabolic function(s), not cell division, is responsible for upward movement of the basal cells.
cis-Annonacin and (2,4)-cis-and trans-isoannonacins: cytotoxic monotetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins from the seeds of Annona cherimolia.

cis-Annonacin (1) and the mixture of (2,4)-cis-andtrans-isoannonacins (2 and3), three known mono-tetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins, have been isolated from the seeds ofAnnona cherimolia by the use of the brine shrimp lethality test (BST) for bioactivity directed fractionation. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic and chemical methods.1 showed potent cytotoxicities in the brine shrimp lethality test (BST) and among six human solid tumor cell lines with notable selectivity for the pancreatic cell line (PaCa-2) at about 1,000 times the potency of adriamycin. The mixture of2 and3 is over 10,000 times cytotoxic as adriamycin in the pancreatic cell line (PaCa-2). All of the compounds are about 10 to 100 times as cytotoxic as adriamycin in the prostate cell line (PC-3).
The environment and chemical reaction engineering

Abstract Chemical reaction engineering is central to virtually all aspects of environmental protection. We focus here on three problems in atmospheric chemistry - stratospheric ozone depletion, global climate change, and control of zone levels by the use of alternate fuels in motor vehicles that involve significant elements of chemical reaction engineering.
Relaxation matrix analysis of two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectra

Abstract The large number of interproton distances extracted from two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectra has enabled determination of biomolecular structures in solution. The accuracy of those distances is increased substantially and the number of distances increased significantly by analysis of the experimental peak intensities using a complete relaxation matrix approach. More distances and more accurate distances both lead to a higher resolution structure. A complete relaxation matrix analysis also enables simulation of peak intensities for any postulated structure; comparison of these intensities with experimental intensities can provide a guide for structure refinement as well as a measure of the quality of the structure derived.
A series of isoreticular chiral metal-organic frameworks as a tunable platform for asymmetric catalysis.

A series of chiral metal–organic frameworks with channels of tunable size have been modified through post-synthetic functionalization to bear catalytic centres along their pore walls. The resulting materials catalyse a carbon–carbon-bond-forming reaction, and the enantioselectivity of the transformation can be altered by changing the size of the channels.
Stochastic wave radiation by the Gulf Stream: numerical experiments

Abstract The present work combines two ideas: (i) that transient Rossby waves are excited by meander growth and decay and radiate into the far field; (ii) that the stochastic nature of meander growth, lifetimes and decays is responsible for the observed high values of eddy variances. A simple barotropic model was used analytically through an asymptomatic theory and numerically to explore the fully nonlinear regime. Three questions are addressed. First, in the fully nonlinear limit can a Rossby wave radiation field be excited for which the predicted covariance distributions compare well with the observed ones? Second, can the divergence of the associated eddy vorticity fluxes induce a mean recirculation similar to the deep recirculation gyre observed north of the stream? Third, is the variable thickness of the deep layer due to the main thermocline depth change across the stream and the sloping bottom topography, crucial in driving the deep recirculation gyre? From the results obtained the following was concluded. Over a flat bottom, both theory and the numerical experiments predict a series of circulation cells produced by the nonlinear interactions between the forced and free wave response of the flow. Realistic eddy variances due to Rossby wave radiation into the far field are predicted. However, the induced mean recirculation is much too weak. A bowl-shaped topography that mimics the variable thickness of the deep layer across the stream front was then introduced. In this case, the mean cyclonic circulation follows the closed potential vorticity contours and compares well with that observed. However, this equivalent topography produces a very rapid energy decay away from the southern boundary by inhibiting wave radiation. The fact that one or the other of the two results were achieved, but not both simultaneously. is a clear indication of the limitations of the model used in which the meandering stream is idealized as a southern boundary forcing. A final, interesting result of these simulations is that topographic Rossby waves are preferentially forced in regions where the stream meanders over the sloping relief, corresponding to the regions upstream of the Grand Banks and downstream of Cape Hatteras.
Invasive radiology for pediatric trauma.

Interventional radiology has assumed an expanded role in the management of the pediatric trauma patient. Transcatheter endovascular embolization for the polytraumatized and bleeding patient has proven to be effective and potentially life saving. Nonvascular interventional techniques can be applied to the pediaric trauma patient with curative or temporizing effects. The minimally invasive nature and rapidity of these procedures allows their emergent use in both the unstable and stable pediatric trauma patient.
On the Long Time Behavior of Fluid Flows

Abstract This work is devoted to the study of the long time asymptotics of solutions of the Euler equations in a bounded 2-dimensional domain. Experiments and numerical simulations indicate the presence of an attracting set in the space of incompressible velocity fields. In this work this attractor is described, and its attracting property is established in an extended dynamics where the time is replaced by the ‘long time’ taking values in the Alexandroff line. The attracting property in the usual sense remains a conjecture.
A Holographic Surface Measurement of the Texas 4.9-m Antenna at 86 GHz

An instrument has been built which allows the electromagnetic measurement of the surface accuracy of a large millimeter-wavelength antenna. The University of Texas 4.9-m radio telescope has been measured with this technique at 86.1 GHz to an accuracy of 4 ?m at the surface. Our technique is an interferometric one which is fast, accurate, and able to measure the whole antenna surface at once. While the technique is illustrated by its use on a large antenna, it could be used in a near-field measurement of a smaller antenna. Several antenna surface maps are presented. A comparison of run-to-run repeatability was made. The technique itself was tested by deforming the antenna surface in a known way and subsequently detecting the deformation.
Sanctuary movement: A difference of opinion

The history of man is a record of human migration. Since human beings first appeared on earth they have been moving from place to place. As hunting-gathering societies became agrarian, the nomadic life required by the former abated somewhat, and boundaries between societies increased in importance. Although migration slowed, it never completely stopped. There have always been undesirable situations, such as wars, famine and persecution, which have served as a push to cause individuals and groups to leave their homeland. In addition, there have always been promises of something better elsewhere, such as peace, prosperity and freedom, which have served as a pull to lure them to foreign lands. This has not changed. Persons crossing international borders may be classified into four general categories: refugees, migrants, asylum seekers and safe-haven seekers. Refugees are aliens who are generally recognized as having fled their homeland because of persecution or civil strife. Migrants are aliens who are seeking to improve their lives economically or socially. As such, they are often unskilled laborers with little formal education. Their presence in a given country may be legal or undocumented. Asylum seekers are aliens whose refugee status has not been determined. Safe-haven seekers are a marginal category of aliens who are seeking a temporary safe-haven from civil strife or natural disasters. It is believed that the total number of individuals in these four categories exceeds thirty million worldwide (Ford Foundation 1983:5-6).
Behavior of slowly adapting stretch receptors in the extrathoracic trachea of the dog1

Abstract We have studied the response of 40 slowly adapting stretch receptors located in the extrathoracic trachea to maintained positive and negative pressures together with their behavior during the breathing cycle and inspiratory efforts against closed airways in anesthetized dogs. Like the other trachea! stretch receptors they are located in the smooth muscle of the posterior wall and are stimulated either by inflation or deflation. Most of these receptors are active at zero transmural pressure and increase their response with positive pressure; with negative pressure their resting discharge decreases at first (−5 to −10 cm H 2 O) and then increases, but it is generally lower than that at the corresponding positive pressure value. As predicted by their static response, the activity of these receptors decreases during inspiration and increases during expiration and therefore it is out of phase with the discharge of the other airway stretch receptors. Their activity is related to the corresponding transmural pressure and therefore to airflow and upper airway resistance. During inspiratory efforts against the closed airways their activity decreases, unlike that of the intrathoracic airway receptors, which retain essentially their FRC activity.
Slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of the C9H7 (indenyl) and C13H9 (fluorenyl) anions.

High-resolution photoelectron spectra are reported of the cryogenically cooled indenyl and fluorenyl anions, C9H7− and C13H9−, obtained with slow electron velocity-map imaging. The spectra show well-resolved transitions to the neutral ground states, giving electron affinities of 1.8019(6) eV for indenyl and 1.8751(3) eV for fluorenyl. Numerous vibrations are observed and assigned for the first time in the radical ground states, including several transitions that are allowed only through vibronic coupling. The fluorenyl spectra can be interpreted with a Franck-Condon simulation, but explaining the indenyl spectra requires careful consideration of vibronic coupling and photodetachment threshold effects. Comparison of high- and low-resolution spectra along with measurements of photoelectron angular distributions provide further insights into the interplay between vibronic coupling and the photodetachment dynamics. Transitions to the neutral first excited states are also seen, with term energies of 0.95(5) eV and 1.257(4) eV for indenyl and fluorenyl, respectively. Those peaks are much wider than the experimental resolution, suggesting that nearby conical intersections must be considered to fully understand the vibronic structure of the neutral radicals.
Developing and theoretically justifying innovative organizational practices in health information assurance

This paper justifies and explains current efforts in the Military Health System (MHS) to enhance information assurance in light of the sociological debate between “Normal Accident” (NAT) and “High Reliability” (HRT) theorists. NAT argues that complex systems such as enterprise health information systems display multiple, interdependent interactions among diverse parts that potentially manifest unfamiliar, unplanned, or unexpected sequences that operators may not perceive or immediately understand, especially during emergencies. If the system functions rapidly with few breaks in time, space or process development, the effects of single failures ramify before operators understand or gain control of the incident thus producing catastrophic accidents. HRT counters that organizations with strong leadership support, continuous training, redundant safety features and “cultures of high reliability” contain the effects of component failures even in complex, tightly coupled systems. Building highly integrated, enterprise-wide computerized health information management systems risks creating the conditions for catastrophic breaches of data security as argued by NAT. The data security regulations of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) implicitly depend on the premises of High Reliability Theorists. Limitations in HRT thus have implications for both safe program design and compliance efforts. MHS and other health care organizations should consider both NAT and HRT when designing and deploying enterprise-wide computerized health information systems.
Inhaled Nanoparticles and Occupational Health: A Review

In many fields, nanotechnology is leading to the development of purposely-engineered nanoparticles and devices demonstrating new, unique and non-scalable properties. However, concern has been expressed that these same properties may present unique challenges in terms of the potential health impact. Airborne particles associated with engineered nanoparticles are of particular concern, as they can readily enter the body through inhalation. Research into the potential occupational health risks associated with inhaling engineered nanoparticles is actively being conducted in the U.S. and globally. In this article, the potential occupational health effects of inhaled nanoparticles and methods for measuring exposure to nanoparticles are discussed. Critical research needs in this field are also briefly addressed.
A mathematical model of diamagnetic line broadening in lung tissue and similar heterogeneous systems: Calculations and measurements

Abstract In order to explain recently observed internal inhomogeneous broadening in lung tissue, we constructed and calculated diamagnetic field shifts for models consisting of a spherical shell of water and a hexagonally packed array of spherical air bubbles in water. For the spherical-shell model, the field equations were solved exactly for an arbitrary number of concentric shells. In contrast, in the hexagonal model, a Monte Carlo algorithm was used to pick points within the specimen at which the field was calculated to first order by adding together contributions from all the spheres. The linewidth calculated for the spherical-shell model agrees well with the results of our experimental measurements. Furthermore, the hexagonal model accurately predicts the observed linewidth in rat lung. These models can be used in correlating the NMR linewidth with the state of inflation or injury of the lung. They also may have application in a broad class of heterogeneous systems (e.g., slurries, bone).
The story behind the story: The use of storytelling in spiritual caregiving

Objectives: To briefly discuss the nature and function of stories that patients tell, and offer practical tips on how to listen and make sense of these stories. Data sources: Books and articles from disciplines in the humanities and health care professions. Conclusion: Stories are a medium for assessment and intervention in areas that essentially reflect an individual's spirituality. Implications for nursing practice: Encouraging storytelling is an intervention nurses can use to promote spiritual health. Suggestions for eliciting and analyzing stories are offered.