cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
100% clean and renewable wind, water, and sunlight (WWS) all-sector energy roadmaps for the 50 United States

This study presents roadmaps for each of the 50 United States to convert their all-purpose energy systems (for electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, and industry) to ones powered entirely by wind, water, and sunlight (WWS). The plans contemplate 80–85% of existing energy replaced by 2030 and 100% replaced by 2050. Conversion would reduce each state's end-use power demand by a mean of ∼39.3% with ∼82.4% of this due to the efficiency of electrification and the rest due to end-use energy efficiency improvements. Year 2050 end-use U.S. all-purpose load would be met with ∼30.9% onshore wind, ∼19.1% offshore wind, ∼30.7% utility-scale photovoltaics (PV), ∼7.2% rooftop PV, ∼7.3% concentrated solar power (CSP) with storage, ∼1.25% geothermal power, ∼0.37% wave power, ∼0.14% tidal power, and ∼3.01% hydroelectric power. Based on a parallel grid integration study, an additional 4.4% and 7.2% of power beyond that needed for annual loads would be supplied by CSP with storage and solar thermal for heat, respectively, for peaking and grid stability. Over all 50 states, converting would provide ∼3.9 million 40-year construction jobs and ∼2.0 million 40-year operation jobs for the energy facilities alone, the sum of which would outweigh the ∼3.9 million jobs lost in the conventional energy sector. Converting would also eliminate ∼62 000 (19 000–115 000) U.S. air pollution premature mortalities per year today and ∼46 000 (12 000–104 000) in 2050, avoiding ∼$600 ($85–$2400) bil. per year (2013 dollars) in 2050, equivalent to ∼3.6 (0.5–14.3) percent of the 2014 U.S. gross domestic product. Converting would further eliminate ∼$3.3 (1.9–7.1) tril. per year in 2050 global warming costs to the world due to U.S. emissions. These plans will result in each person in the U.S. in 2050 saving ∼$260 (190–320) per year in energy costs ($2013 dollars) and U.S. health and global climate costs per person decreasing by ∼$1500 (210–6000) per year and ∼$8300 (4700–17 600) per year, respectively. The new footprint over land required will be ∼0.42% of U.S. land. The spacing area between wind turbines, which can be used for multiple purposes, will be ∼1.6% of U.S. land. Thus, 100% conversions are technically and economically feasible with little downside. These roadmaps may therefore reduce social and political barriers to implementing clean-energy policies.
Highly thermostable fungal cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) engineered using predictive methods

Building on our previous efforts to generate thermostable chimeric fungal cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I, also known as Cel7A) cellulases by structure-guided recombination, we used FoldX and a 'consensus' sequence approach to identify individual mutations present in the five homologous parent CBH I enzymes which further stabilize the chimeras. Using the FoldX force field, we calculated the effect on ΔG(Folding) of each candidate mutation in a number of CBH I structures and chose those predicted to be stabilizing in multiple structures. With an alignment of 41 CBH I sequences, we also used amino acid frequencies at each candidate position to calculate predicted effects on ΔG(Folding). A combination of mutations chosen using these methods increased the T(50) of the most thermostable chimera by an additional 4.7°C, to yield a CBH I with T(50) of 72.1°C, which is 9.2°C higher than that of the most stable native CBH I, from Talaromyces emersonii. This increased stability resulted in a 10°C increase in the optimal temperature for activity, to 65°C, and a 50% increase in total sugar production from crystalline cellulose at the optimal temperature, compared with native T.emersonii CBH I.
Balance reactions and eye–hand coordination in idiopathic scoliosis

We undertook this study to determine if subclinical postural control mechanisms were abnormal in idiopathic scoliosis. Ninety-one female patients and fifty-seven age-matched female controls were examined. We used a force plate ataxiometer to quantitate postural sway in the standing position and recorded the displacement and acceleration of the center of pressure during static stance and under perturbation with eyes opened and closed. A joystick-controlled video system was used to measure reaction time and eye-hand motor coordination. The scoliosis group demonstrated significantly less sway during two of the eight standing balance conditions and on the remaining balance tests there was a similar trend, albeit nonsignificant. The reaction time for the scoliosis group was also significantly slower, but the accuracy was not significantly worse. We noted no statistical differences between progressive and nonprogressive or between braced and unbraced patients. The subgroup of patients whose curves progressed despite bracing had a tendency to demonstrate greater stability on all standing tests. They also exhibited faster reaction times and less error in eye-hand coordination than other patient groups. No correlation existed between severity of curve and test performance. We found no indication of deficient balance in idiopathic scoliosis, and the tests could not predict curve progression.
Processes of arroyo filling in northern New Mexico, USA

We documented arroyo evolution at the tree, trench, and arroyo scales along the lower Rio Puerco and Chaco Wash in northern New Mexico, USA. We excavated 29 buried living woody plants and used burial signatures in their annual rings to date stratigraphy in four trenches across the arroyos. Then, we reconstructed the history of arroyo evolution by combining trench data with arroyo-scale information from aerial imagery, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), longitudinal profiles, and repeat surveys of cross sections. Burial signatures in annual rings of salt cedar and willow dated sedimentary beds greater than 30 cm thick with annual precision. Along both arroyos, incision occurred until the 1930s in association with extreme high flows, and subsequent filling involved vegetation development, channel narrowing, increased sinuosity, and finally vertical aggradation. A strongly depositional sediment transport regime interacted with floodplain shrubs to produce a characteristic narrow, trapezoidal channel. The 55 km study reach along the Rio Puerco demonstrated upstream progression of arroyo widening and filling, but not of arroyo incision, channel narrowing, or floodplain vegetation development. We conclude that the occurrence of upstream progression within large basins like the Rio Puerco makes precise synchrony across basins impossible. Arroyo wall retreat is now mostly limited to locations where meanders impinge on the arroyo wall, forming hairpin bends, for which entry to and exit from the wall are stationary. Average annual sediment storage within the Rio Puerco study reach between 1955 and 2005 was 4.8 × 10 5 t/yr, 16% of the average annual suspended sediment yield, and 24% of the long-term bedrock denudation rate. At this rate, the arroyo would fill in 310 yr.
Accuracy and perspective in involuntary autobiographical memory

This study investigated accuracy (veridicality) and perspective (point of view) in everyday involuntary memories (i.e. spontaneous recollections of the past). Using the naturalistic diary method, subjects were asked to give confidence ratings on the accuracy of their involuntary memories as well as contact others who were present in them, having them also give confidence ratings. Memory perspective was assessed by asking subjects to indicate whether their memories had a field (original) or observer (the perspective of another) point of view. The results showed subjects assigning high confidence ratings to involuntary memories, which did not differ from the confidence ratings given by others, or from the confidence ratings that they had assigned to their voluntary memories. The perspective query showed that involuntary memories come with both field and observer perspectives, and that their relative proportions did not differ from those reported for their voluntary memories. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis with Subcutaneous Rapid-acting Insulin Reduce the Need for Intensive Care Unit Admission?

Abstract Background In the last 20 years, rapid-acting insulin analogs have emerged on the market, including aspart and lispro, which may be efficacious in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) when administered by non-intravenous (i.v.) routes. Clinical Question In patients with mild-to-moderate DKA without another reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, is the administration of a subcutaneous (s.c.) rapid-acting insulin analog a safe and effective alternative to a continuous infusion of i.v. regular insulin, and would such a strategy eliminate the need for ICU admission? Evidence Review Five randomized controlled trials were identified and critically appraised. Results The outcomes suggest that there is no difference in the duration of therapy required to resolve DKA with either strategy. Conclusion Current evidence supports DKA management with s.c. rapid-acting insulin analogs in a non-ICU setting in carefully selected patients.
High-risk localized prostate cancer: primary surgery and adjuvant therapy.

Abstract High risk localized prostate cancer includes patients with palpable disease outside the capsule (clinical stage T3) as well as those with apparently localized disease but with adverse prognostic factors such as Gleason 8–10 tumors or very extensive disease on biopsy. The goals of therapy for these patients are to achieve both long-term local control and to remain free of metastatic disease. The ideal treatment to achieve these goals is unknown. We present a review of the outcome of contemporary reported series of such patients treated with primary radical prostatectomy, with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies. Over 80% of the patients overall achieved a 5-year disease-specific survival, though well under 50% have undetectable prostate specific antigen at that time point. We also review what is known about the choice and timing of adjuvant therapies, and describe current cooperative group studies underway to answer some of these questions.
Neonatal health of infants born to mothers with asthma

Background Maternal asthma is associated with serious pregnancy complications, but newborn morbidity is understudied. Objective We wanted to determine whether infants of asthmatic mothers have more neonatal complications. Methods The Consortium on Safe Labor (2002-2008), a retrospective cohort, included 223,512 singleton deliveries at ≥ 23 weeks' gestation. Newborns of mothers with asthma (n = 17,044) were compared with newborns of women without asthma by using logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Electronic medical record data included gestational week at delivery, birth weight, resuscitation, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, NICU length of stay, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress syndrome, apnea, sepsis, anemia, transient tachypnea of the newborn, infective pneumonia, asphyxia, intracerebral hemorrhage, seizure, cardiomyopathy, periventricular or intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, aspiration, retinopathy of prematurity, and perinatal mortality. Results Preterm delivery was associated with maternal asthma for each week after 33 completed weeks of gestation and not earlier. Maternal asthma also increased the adjusted odds of small for gestational age (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.16), NICU admission (OR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.17), hyperbilirubinemia (OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04-1.14), respiratory distress syndrome (OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19), transient tachypnea of the newborn (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.19), and asphyxia (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.03-1.75). Findings persisted for term infants (≥ 37 weeks) who had additional increased odds of intracerebral hemorrhage (OR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.11-3.03) and anemia (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04-1.62). Conclusions Maternal asthma was associated with prematurity and small for gestational age. Adverse neonatal outcomes, including respiratory complications, hyperbilirubinemia, and NICU admission, were increased in association with maternal asthma even among term deliveries.
Late traumatic aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery

A 47-year-old female presents with a pulsatile left temporal mass, which has been slowly enlarging over the past 3 years. She sustained blunt head trauma 10 years prior from a motor vehicle collision with no subsequent reported injury. Her presenting symptoms include headache, constant audible pulsation, and paresthesias over the left temporal region. Magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography confirmed the presence of a 5.5 cm (length) 2.3 cm (diameter) proximal superficial temporal artery aneurysm (STA) with feeding branches from the middle temporal artery (A) and (B, Cover). The operative approach included a longitudinal incision directly overlying the aneurysm extending from the preauricular region to the temporal region. The proximal STA, which was nonaneurysmal, was dissected and ligated that rendered the aneurysm nonpulsatile (C). The aneurysm was exposed and dissected along its posterior aspect to avoid injury to the temporal branches of the facial nerve, which traverse anteriorly. The additional feeding branches were ligated, and the entire aneurysm was excised. The patient demonstrated no focal deficits on postoperative cranial nerve examination and remained stable in long-term follow-up. Aneurysms of the superficial temporal are rare and are usually degenerative because of blunt or penetrating trauma to the preauricular or temporal region. True aneurysms of the STA have also been described in isolated case reports. The anterior branch of the STA is most frequently affected. Symptoms may include headache, constant pulsatility, visual disturbances, dizziness, ear discomfort, and hemorrhage. Compression of the proximal superficial temporal artery in the preauricular region frequently diminishes pulsatility and flow. Treatment of choice is ligation of the STA and feeding branches with aneurysm excision. For aneurysms of the proximal STA, temporal branches of the facial nerve are present anteriorly and may cause facial hemiparesis if injured. Although not used in this patient, intraoperative facial nerve monitoring may help avoid iatrogenic injury.
Effects of experimental population extinction for the spatial population dynamics of the butterfly Parnassius smintheus

While many studies have examined factors potentially impacting the rate of local population extinction, few experimental studies have examined the consequences of extinction for spatial population dynamics. Here we report results from a largescale, long-term experiment examining the e ects of local population extinction for the dynamics of surrounding populations. From 2001 ‐ 2008 we removed all adult butterfl ies from two large, neighboring populations within a system of 17 subpopulations of the Rocky Mountain Apollo butterfl y, Parnassius smintheus . Surrounding populations were monitored using individual, mark‐recapture methods. We found that population removal decreased immigration to surrounding populations in proportion to their connectivity to the removed populations. Correspondingly, within-generation population abundance declined. Despite these e ects, we saw little consistent impact between generations.  e extinction rates of surrounding populations were una ected and local population growth was not consistently reduced by the lack of immigration.  e broader results show that immigration a ects local abundance within generations, but dynamics are mediated by density-dependence within populations and by broader density-independent factors acting between generations.  e loss of immigrants resulting from extinction has little impact on the persistence of local populations in this system.
The Two Cultures of Undergraduate Academic Engagement

Using data on upper-division students in the University of California system, we show that two distinct cultures of engagement exist on campus. The culture of engagement in the arts, humanities and social sciences focuses on interaction, participation, and interest in ideas. The culture of engagement in the natural sciences and engineering focuses on improvement of quantitative skills through collaborative study with an eye to rewards in the labor market. The two cultures of engagement are strongly associated with post-graduate degree plans. The findings raise questions about normative conceptions of good educational practices in so far as they are considered to be equally relevant to students in all higher education institutions and all major fields of study.
ACT NOW - Advanced Communications Technologies For New Opportunities In The Workplace

Summary form only given, as follows. ACT NOW is a project to promote the use of advanced communications technologies within the medical, educational, and business arenas. This project could be directed to rebuild the devastated area in Los Angeles after the 1992 civil unrest into a state of the art electronic city that can thrive in the information age.
Wildtype epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) is not required for daily locomotor or masking behavior in mice

Background Recent studies have implicated the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) within the subparaventricular zone as being a major mediator of locomotor and masking behaviors in mice. The results were based on small cohorts of mice homozygous for the hypomorphic Egfrwa2 allele on a mixed, genetically uncontrolled background, and on intraventricular infusion of exogenous EGFR ligands. Subsequenlty, a larger study using the same genetically mixed background failed to replicate the original findings. Since both previous approaches were susceptible to experimental artifacts related to an uncontrolled genetic background, we analyzed the locomotor behaviors in Egfrwa2 mutant mice on genetically defined, congenic backgrounds.
Community Social Context and Individualistic Attitudes Toward Marriage

I develop a theoretical framework explaining how community social context affects attitude formation via nonfamily institutions and related behaviors. Empirical tests of the framework use data from...
The octomorphic criterion for real parameter uncertainty: real-m bounds without circles and D,N -scales

Abstract In this paper we introduce new bounds for robust stability analysis with real parameter uncertainty. The approach is based on an absolute stability criterion that excludes the Nyquist plot from a paraboloidal region containing the point −1 + J0. Transformation of this criterion to the case of norm-bounded uncertainty leads to a stability criterion in terms of the octomorphic, or figure-eight shaped, region. The requirement that the Nyquist plot lie inside the octomorphic region thus yields a bound on the allowable real parameter uncertainty. This stability criterion is distinct from recent bounds for real-μ which involve frequency-dependent scales having a frequency-dependent, off-axis circle interpretation. Since the octomorphic region includes both upper and lower halves, it is able to encompass the entire Nyquist plot without using frequency-dependent scales.
Distinct Ca2+- and cAMP-dependent anion conductances in the apical membrane of polarized T84 cells

Monolayers of the human colonic epithelial cell line T84 exhibit electrogenic Cl− secretion in response to the Ca2+ agonist thapsigargin and to the cAMP agonist forskolin. To evaluate directly the ...
Notation and First-Order Logic

An elementary statement (or atomic statement) is a sentence with a subject and a verb (and sometimes an object) but no connectives (and, or, not, if-then, if-and-only-if). See Subsection 2.1.1 for a more rigorous definition. Elementary statements are joined together using connectives.
Structure of canine Bachmann's bundle related to propagation of excitation

Impulse propagation and histology were studied in adult and neonatal canine Bachmann's bundle. Both showed nonuniform electrical anisotropy: effective longitudinal conduction velocity (theta L) markedly exceeded effective transverse conduction velocity (theta T), and extracellular potential waveforms with transverse propagation were polyphasic. An age difference in theta L (0.80 m/s neonate, 1.31 m/s adult) was found; it could be largely accounted for by a difference in myocyte diameter (4.7 microns neonate, 17.1 microns adult). Close apposition of myocytes in the neonate and development of transverse tubules in the adult may have influenced theta L at each stage. Perimysial septa separated fascicles in both neonatal and adult bundles; however, endomysial septa between individual myocytes were completely developed only in adult bundles. Thus perimysial septa were much more responsible for nonuniform anisotropy and low theta T than endomysial septa. Fascicle diameter and length were greater in the adult, which may have affected transverse propagation. Specialized conduction system cells could not be identified.
"A Wide-Open City:" Prostitution in Progressive Era Lancaster

Between 1913 and 1915, the city of Lancaster experienced a searching inquiry into the prevalence of prostitution and organized vice. Though such case-studies were far from uncommon in the Progressive era, the Lancaster study was unusually thorough in nature, and was untypical in the extent to which the measures demanded by reformers actually were carried out. It is therefore likely that the surviving reports give a reasonably accurate portrait of vice conditions in a middle-sized Pennsylvania city in these years. The results are surprising: Lancaster, with a population of some fifty thousand, was providing employment for two hundred full-time prostitutes, whose activities were generating annual revenues of at least several hundred thousand dollars, perhaps a million or more. Vice establishments were attracting some four or five thousand customers weekly. Though this activity should be counted as one of the major economic activities in the urban economy, its illegal nature means that it features little in either social or economic histories of communities
Reduced Order Modeling Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Wavenet System Identification of a Free Shear Layer

For the design of successful closed loop control of complex flow fields, high performing control algorithms based on low dimensional models along with accurate flow state estimation methods are needed. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) provides a mean to reduce the order of the flow field data to a feasible dimensionality for wavelet basis network identification technique. Wavenet nonlinear autoregressive exogenous predictors (WNARX) identify and predict the time coefficients of a truncated POD model. Properly trained and formulated WNARX predictors show the capability of simulating off design flow scenarios within a parameter range, prove useful as reference signals, and are also capable of simulating closed loop dynamics for control design. These ROM methods are applied to a free shear layer behind a backward facing step serving as a model of optical turrets on air vehicles. Closed loop results show drastic reduction of the optical path difference (OPD), the performance measure for optical quality through a medium.
Fast-match: Fast and robust feature matching on large images

Today's cameras produce images that often exceed 10 megapixels. Yet computing and matching local features for images of this size can easily take 20 seconds or more using optimized matching algorithms. This is much too slow for interactive applications and much too expensive for large scale image operations. We introduce Fast-Match, an algorithm designed to match large images efficiently without compromising matching accuracy. It derives its speed from only computing features in those parts of the image that can be confidently matched. Fast-Match is an order of magnitude faster than the popular Ratio-Match, yet often doubles matching precision for difficult image pairs.
Law and Social Science: How Interdisciplinary Is Interdisciplinary Enough?

The movement toward greater team-based research reflects a larger movement among both universities and funding agencies—within the USA and globally—to promote interdisciplinarity. The goals of interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary research are defined. A discussion of the pros and cons of interdisciplinary work in general, followed by an application of these themes to research and training in law and social science, is presented. Interdisciplinarity, as a collaborative research enterprise and as a component of students’ training, is an important issue. Moreover, the difference between interdisciplinary teams and interdisciplinary persons must be considered. An analysis of leading law–psychology journals shows that relatively few publications come from disciplines other than psychology. Given the benefits of greater interdisciplinarity, this is a less than ideal situation. The chapter next considers the illustrative example of an interdisciplinary approach, as exemplified by the scholarship of Lawrence S. Wrightsman, Jr., in his research on judges’ decision making. More specifically, how religion influences judges’ decision making is assessed. The chapter concludes with recommendations for increasing interdisciplinary research and training opportunities in law and social science.
NUCLEAR HISTORY: Sakharov's H-bomb

(1990). NUCLEAR HISTORY: Sakharov's H-bomb. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 46, No. 8, pp. 8-9.
Trend Analysis of the Dietary Structural Changes in Six Cities(County) in Guangxi Province from 1989 to 2009

【Objective】To analyze the status of food consumption and the changing trends of dietary structure of urban and rural residents in Guangxi province.【Method】Using the 8 survey data from China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989 to 2009,we selected the 18—60 year old residents as objects of study. A 24h dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days was used to collect the food consumption per person per day.【Result】The grains and legumes intake showed an declining trend among 18—60 year old residents in Guangxi province from 1989 to 2009,especially the grains decereased from 483. 5 ± 116. 3g / d to 389. 0 ± 133. 0g / d,which decreased by 19. 5%. The vegetable intake changed little,remaining at 335. 8—348. 6g / d. Intake and consumption rates of fruits,milk,fish,eggs had increased year by year, but the intake were serious low. The poultry meat intake showed an increasing trend from 89. 2 ± 78. 7g / d to 159. 6 ± 87. 9g / d,which increased by 78. 9%. The edible oil and salt intake were high,reached 38. 8g / d and 7. 7g / d in 2009 respectively.【Conclusion】The dietary structure model had changed from the botanical dietary structure model to animal dietary structure model among Guangxi residents during the past 21 years.
On-line Dialysis-Ion Chromatographic Determination of Inorganic Anions in Vegetables

A method of on-line dialysis hyphenated with ion chromatography for the determination of inorganic anions in vegetables was reported in this paper.The vegetable sample was extracted and on-line treated with dialysis and the clean solution was then introduced for separation with the Metrosep A Supp 4-250 Anion Exchanger Column.A mixed solution of 1.8 mmol·L~(-1)Na_2CO_3 and 1.7 mmol·L~(-1)NaHCO_3 was used as mobile phase and conductivity detector was used in the determination.DL(3S/N)of the anions in this method were in the range of 1-18μg·L~(-1).The proposed method was used for determination of the anions F~-,Cl~-,Br~-,NO_2~-, NO_3~-,PO_4~(3-)and SO_4~(2-)in a vegetable sample with complex matrix,giving values of recovery of the anions over 78% and values of RSD's(n=6)in the range of 1.8% to 6.1%.
The Objective Education of Freshmen Students, the Instructor of Setting Sail

In the face of the new environment on campus,freshmen students lose themselves easily.It is that there is no direction in behavior;there is no ideal and goal in learning life;there is no standard of judging between right and wrong on the values.In this case,through thinking the problem of a freshmen student in a new major,we will discuss the objective education of the career planning in practice.
Posterior Mediastinal Calcification Due to Esophageal Leiomyoma

A review of the literature from 1964 has revealed a total of 75 proved and 3 possible cases of leiomyoma of the esophagus. Two of these showed calcification or partial calcification. An additional case of leiomyoma of the esophagus with calcification is reported.
Modeling of a multi-robot energy saving system to increase operating time of a firefighting robot

In this paper, we present the modeling of a multirobot energy saving system (MRESS) to increase operating time of a firefighting robot. MRESS is intended to enable a firefighting robot with sub-robots and a fire hose to effectively reach desired destinations while saving battery. To increase operating time by improving the traction efficiency of the firefighting robot, we designed a sub-robot and added it to the firefighting robot. The main goal of the sub-robot is drawing a fire hose in order to save energy consumption of the firefighting robot. For the efficient cooperation, MRESS operates robots with a fire hose by combining a vision-based fire hose tracking method, an endrunning navigation and a limit-cycle navigation applied to the edge of obstacles. The fusion of a limit-cycle navigation and a fire hose tracking method has remarkable advantages such as smooth path planning and fast computational data processing. Further, the endrunning navigation method can decrease the chance of a collision that would possibly twist the fire hoses. As a result, MRESS enables the robots and a fire hose to effectively navigate a smooth planned path with fast processing and to successfully reach the desired destination without twisting the fire hose and wasting energy.
Using HCI Experiments to Validate Intelligent Multimedia Cue Generation

This paper presents a case study of our experience conducting HCI experiments to inform multimedia cue generation. We analyze the interrelated HCI and NLG issues that a complete multimedia cue generator should address, and the limitations of current empirical approaches. We describe the two experiments we performed. Given their limited success, the cost-benefit of adopting this approach remains an open issue
Fetal Growth Restriction and Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk: Is It Time to Get With the Program?

> What’s done is done. > > —Lady Macbeth to Macbeth (Act 3, Scene 2) The theory of fetal programming, known alternatively as the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis, the fetal origins of adult disease concept, or simply the thrifty phenotype, posits that the maternal uterine environment to which a fetus is exposed can have substantial and long-lasting effects on the health of the individual, throughout childhood and beyond. Indeed, alterations in the maternal milieu comprising the early fetal environment have been implicated in the development of a wide variety of postnatal disturbances, ranging from neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders1,2 to the metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus3,4, to endocrinologic dysfunction5,6, and to lung cancer.7 See Article by Sarvari et al First reported by Barker et al,8,9 this thrifty phenotype states that a hostile maternal environment engenders a process of fetal change that is adaptive during the initial time of fetal stress but leads to a permanent programming that later proves maladaptive over the long term. Barker’s original assertion,8–10 based on the observations of low birth weight babies in England and Wales in the 1920s and 1930s, focused on the adverse cardiovascular outcomes experienced by these small fetuses, including long-term increased risk of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, and hypertension. To this day, however, specific mechanisms linking fetal growth restriction (FGR) with these poor long-term cardiovascular outcomes remain speculative, with a variety of …
Predicting the Benefit of Using CADe in Screening Mammography

The goal of computer-aided detection (CADe) in screening mammography is to help radiologist avoid missing breast cancer. Thus when designing a CADe system it is important to know how different methods and parameters would affect radiologists’ ability to use the system effectively. Short of conducting an observer study or a clinical trial, this is not possible. In this paper, we present preliminary results on a model that can predict how many additional cancers a radiologist would detect, if they used a CADe system. The model uses the results of radiologists’ reading of a set of screening mammograms without using CADe to predict the probability that a radiologist would miss a cancer when reading without CADe and the probability that the radiologist would recall the woman if CADe flagged the missed cancer. In our initial study, 8 radiologists read 300 screening mammograms containing 69 cancers with and without CADe. Our model predicted that on average a radiologist would detect 4.7 extra cancers while the actual number of extra cancers detected per radiologist was 3.6. Bootstrapping across readers, the 95% CI for the difference between the predicted and actual number of extra cancers was [-1.52, 3.30]. The overall ability of the model to discriminate between lesions detected as a result of CAD flag and other lesion examinations was moderately high, with c-index of 0.77 (95% CI of [0.6, 0.91]). We are currently conducting a study with larger number of radiologists and cases to obtain better estimates of the accuracy of our model.
Sensitivity Analysis of Ground-Water Models

One of the most difficult tasks in ground-water modeling is the estimation of aquifer parameters from field measurements of hydraulic head. This paper examines model sensitivity through the use of sensitivity analysis. For each model parameter one can define a sensitivity coefficient. These sensitivity coefficients depend on the choice of model, the spatial coordinates, the time variable, the number and type of model parameters, and the boundary conditions. For good sensitivity to the parameters, all sensitivity coefficients should be independent and as large as possible at the locations and times of interest. Methods for determining sensitivity coefficients are discussed and some typical examples showing certain important characteristics are presented. The sensitivity coefficients can be used to estimate variances and confidence intervals for the aquifer parameters. The model sensitivity can be increased for parameter estimation by applying some general principles from sensitivity analysis. Several examples of improved sensitivity are presented.
Altering nuclear magnetic resonance surface relaxation on nanoparticles by Adsorption of Fe(III)

Abstract Paramagnetic and magnetic nanoparticles may be used as contrast agents in porous media to improve NMR measurements. In rocks, magnetic and paramagnetic cations in pore fluid may interact with nanoparticles and affect the magnetic resonance properties of the nanoparticles, which in turn makes interpretation of NMR measurements difficult if this effect is not accounted for. In this work, two groups of zirconia nanoparticles: one with positive surface charge, the other with negative surface charge; and a group of silica nanoparticles coated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and negatively charged were mixed with Fe(III) solution for interaction and/or adsorption to occur. T1 values of fluid with different concentrations of Fe(III) ranging from 9 mg/L to 50 mg/L were obtained, and we confirmed a linear relationship between Fe concentration and T1 values at fixed pH conditions. The T1 values of zirconia and silica nanoparticle dispersions before and after mixing with various Fe(III) solutions were measured and compared. Adsorption of iron onto zirconia nanoparticles was confirmed based on measurements of aqueous Fe remaining in supernatants. The response of silica nanoparticles mixed with Fe solutions was also consistent with adsorption of Fe ions on the silica nanoparticle surfaces. Adsorbed iron increases zirconia nanoparticles’ surface relaxivity by more than 50 fold, and the relaxation rate of zirconia nanoparticles increased with the amount of adsorbed Fe(III).
An extremum-seeking control method driven by input–output correlation

Abstract This paper presents a new extremum-seeking controller (ESC) derived from a statistical interpretation of conventional ESC. The proposed ESC replaces the gradient feedback variable with a normalized correlation coefficient. The algorithm, as presented, can be fully configured with knowledge of only the open-loop response time of the system being optimized and the amplitude of the dither signal. Simulation tests show that the new algorithm has fast convergence times compared with other types of ESC algorithms. The paper also shows that the proposed method is not limited to a periodic dither signal and that it can also utilize a stochastic signal to similar efficacy. The purpose of the paper is to describe the new algorithm and present a practical implementation along with results from simulation tests.
Noteworthy Literature published in 2017 for Perioperative Echocardiography

In this inaugural review, we present noteworthy advances in perioperative echocardiography relevant to the cardiac anesthesiologist. These studies come from different clinical realms including advances in mitral valve imaging, perioperative echocardiographic evaluation, and critical care echocardiography. The importance of perioperative echocardiography continues to grow with cardiac anesthesiologists positioned in a critical role throughout the perioperative care continuum.
Characterization of laser propagation over a long path through atmospheric turbulence

An important consideration for the laser beam propagation through a long atmospheric path is the geometry of the optical path and random variations in the refractive index due to atmospheric turbulence. Here, we consider a plane wave propagation through a 10km medium to investigate the deep turbulence effects on the beam propagation using phase screen approach. The turbulence effects are modeled by non-Kolmogorov descriptions of energy cascade theory, known as beta-model. The beta-model incorporates space-filling concepts for the turbulent eddies in the inertial ranges using fractal descriptions for the eddies. Metrics based on intensity and phase variances and number of zero intensity values are analyzed for various levels of turbulence intensity (measured by Cn2) by choosing the value of power law exponent from a range of eligible values. It is observed that metrics based on intensity variance saturate but metrics based on phase variance show potential for characterizing stronger turbulence effects.
Molecular, physiological and behavioral responses of honey bee (Apis mellifera) drones to infection with microsporidian parasites.

Abstract Susceptibility to pathogens and parasites often varies between sexes due to differences in life history traits and selective pressures. Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are damaging intestinal pathogens of European honey bees (Apis mellifera). Nosema pathology has primarily been characterized in female workers where infection is energetically costly and accelerates worker behavioral maturation. Few studies, however, have examined infection costs in male honey bees (drones) to determine if Nosema similarly affects male energetic status and sexual maturation. We infected newly emerged adult drones with Nosema spores and conducted a series of molecular, physiological, and behavioral assays to characterize Nosema etiology in drones. We found that infected drones starved faster than controls and exhibited altered patterns of flight activity in the field, consistent with energetic distress or altered rates of sexual maturation. Moreover, expression of candidate genes with metabolic and/or hormonal functions, including members of the insulin signaling pathway, differed by infection status. Of note, while drone molecular responses generally tracked predictions based on worker studies, several aspects of infected drone flight behavior contrasted with previous observations of infected workers. While Nosema infection clearly imposed energetic costs in males, infection had no impact on drone sperm numbers and had only limited effects on antennal responsiveness to a major queen sex pheromone component (9-ODA). We compare Nosema pathology in drones with previous studies describing symptoms in workers and discuss ramifications for drone and colony fitness.
Sampling Techniques and Instrument Calibration in the Far-Infrared Region

Materials used as windows in the far-infrared region will be discussed, including plastics, salt crystals, and semiconductors. Next, solvents useful in the far infrared will be mentioned, and then sampling techniques. Finally, calibration of instruments will be discussed.
The Historical Evolution, Current Status, and Prospective Development of Pediatric Critical Care

This article describes the multiple historic origins of pediatric critical care medicine and the evolution of the subspecialty, from the late 1950s with the first units dedicated to the care of critically ill and injured infants and children, to the present status as a recognized medical subspecialty. Also discussed are current major issues and future challenges that flow from both this historic background and a commitment to critically ill children. Presented are specific considerations for physicians in this subspecialty to address as they plan for the future.
UNIT 4.7 P1 (Adenosine) Purinoceptor Assays

P1 purinoceptors, or adenosine receptors, comprise a group of cell-surface receptors that mediate the biological effects of adenosine and its analogs. Investigation of the role of purinoceptors may be important in the understanding of certain conditions (e.g., asthma and ischemia) and in the possible development of therapeutic interventions. Four types of P1 purinoceptors—i.e., A1, A2A, A2B, and A3—have been cloned from several species. These receptors are distinguished by pharmacological criteria using selective agonists and antagonists. This unit describes isolated tissue preparations for the pharmacological characterization of purinoceptors based on functional responsiveness. Guinea pig atrium is used as a model to investigate A1 receptors, the porcine coronary artery for A2A receptors, and the guinea pig aorta for A2B receptors. Support protocols describe the procedures used to isolate and prepare the various tissues for response measurements. A summary is provided on how to interpret tissue response to adenosine agonists and antagonists. P1 purinoceptors, or adenosine receptors, comprise a group of cell-surface receptors that mediate the biological effects of ad
Mapping hydrothermal alteration minerals using high-resolution AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral data in the Hutti-Maski gold deposit area, India

The present study exploits high-resolution hyperspectral imagery acquired by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) sensor from the Hutti-Maski gold deposit ...
Back to the Future: A Glance Over Wolf Social Behavior to Understand Dog–Human Relationship

This review focuses on wolf sociobiology to delineate the traits of cooperative baggage driven by natural selection (wolf-wolf cooperation) and better understand the changes obtained by artificial selection (dog-human cooperation). We selected some behaviors of the dog’s ancestors that provide the basis for the expression of a cooperative society, such as dominance relationships, leverage power, post-aggressive strategies, and playful dynamics between pack members. When possible, we tried to compare the data on wolves with those coming from the dog literature. Wolves can negotiate commodities when the interacting subjects occupy different ranking positions by bargaining social tolerance with helping and support. They are able to manage group disruption by engaging in sophisticated post-conflict maneuvers, thus restoring the relationship between the opponents and reducing the spreading of aggression in the group. Wolves engage in social play also as adults to manipulate social relationships. They are able to flexibly adjust their playful interactions to minimize the risk of escalation. Complex cognitive abilities and communicative skills are probably the main proximate causes for the evolution of inter-specific cooperation in wolves.
Improving Safety, Efficiency, and Productivity: Evaluation of Fall Protection Systems for Bridge Work Using Wearable Technology and Utility Analysis

AbstractThe construction industry is experiencing a number of challenges. For example, construction workplaces report poor safety performance, widespread inefficiencies, and stagnant productivity r...
Water-responsive materials for sustainable energy applications

Water-responsive (WR) materials that mechanically change their volume in response to changes in relative humidity or a water/humidity gradient can generate significantly higher energy actuation compared to natural muscles and conventional actuators. Recent proof-of-concept demonstrations have shown the great potential of using WR materials as high performance actuator components for various energy-related applications. For example, evaporation-driven engines which are enabled by spore based WR materials directly harvest energy from natural evaporation of water and convert it into mechanical work and electricity, highlighting the possibility of using this untapped energy source of evaporation as an additional option for clean and low-cost energy generation and storage. Despite the growing interest in these examples, research on WR materials and their applications is still in the early stage and faces multiple challenges. Namely, the fundamental mechanisms that engender a material's water-responsiveness are unclear. Additionally, current systems remain difficult to scale up, and the integration of WR materials into modern engineering systems is a critical design challenge. Here, we review the current developments in this emerging category of WR materials. We discuss up-to-date studies on both natural and synthetic WR materials, which include their processing, characterization methods, and scientific and technical challenges that can possibly be overcome in future research endeavours.
Bilingual student perspectives about language expertise in a gentrifying two-way immersion program

The two-way immersion dual language education program design includes the use of language labels to identify students as either the English speaker or the speaker of a language other than English. ...
Qualitative and Quantitative Problems in the Extrapolation of Risk to Humans from Animal Data

The task of this round table is to address qualitative and quantitative problems in the extrapolation of risk to humans from animal data. The emphasis is therefore on the extrapolation from animal studies to human risk as distinct from the extrapolation from human cells to human populations; but I believe that we will probably be able to discuss the whole area to some extent. The round table will be followed by some specific presentations and maybe we will have some time at the end for a general discussion. I would like to ask the participants to feel free to address questions to the speakers of the day on any problems that we did not have time to discuss after the individual presentations.
Polycentropus dinkinsorum (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae), a newly described caddisfly species from the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA

We describe here a new caddisfly species of the genus Polycentropus (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) based on males from numerous localities throughout the southern Appalachian Mountains of the United States. Polycentropus dinkinsorum is a member of the P. confusus Species Group and is readily separated from its congeners based on aspects of the male genitalia. A diagnosis and illustrations of male genitalia are provided. In addition, P. pentus Ross 1941 is reported for the first time from the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.