cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reflective Practices for Engaging in Trauma-Informed Culturally Competent Supervision

ABSTRACTRace, ethnicity, and culture are critical components that affect and shape the supervisory relationship, yet literature about ways to acknowledge and actively engage them from a trauma-informed approach has been limited. To enhance the discussion of this issue, this article first reviews leading theoretical aspects of supervision designed to train practitioners in the field of mental health, followed by a discussion of race, ethnicity, and culture in supervision and, finally, provides reflective practices for engaging in trauma-informed culturally competent supervision.
Predictors of readmission to acute care during inpatient rehabilitation for non-traumatic spinal cord injury

Objectives: To investigate the frequency of and reasons for readmissions to acute care (RTAC) during inpatient rehabilitation (IPR) after non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NT-SCI). To develop a pre...
Respirator fit test methods - Are faster protocols equivalent to OSHA?

In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires at least annual respirator fit testing for persons required to wear tight-fitting respirators in the workplace. OSHA also requires fit testing be administered using one of the protocols in mandatory Appendix A of the Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134) and has enforced these protocols since 1998.(1) It is the opinion of some that fit testing is a time consuming process and faster fit testing protocols could potentially save time and money for those in general industry, healthcare, and other settings. The goal of this commentary is to explain the differences between the current OSHA fit testing protocol and more recent faster-fit protocols.
Molecular motor translocation kinetics: Application of Monte Carlo computer simulations to determine microscopic kinetic parameters

Abstract Methods for studying the translocation of motor proteins along a filament (e.g., nucleic acid and polypeptide) typically monitor the total production of ADP, the arrival/departure of the motor protein at/from a particular location (often one end of the filament), or the dissociation of the motor protein from the filament. The associated kinetic time courses are often analyzed using a simple sequential uniform n-step mechanism to estimate the macroscopic kinetic parameters (e.g., translocation rate and processivity) and the microscopic kinetic parameters (e.g., kinetic step-size and the rate constant for the rate-limiting step). These sequential uniform n-step mechanisms assume repetition of uniform and irreversible rate-limiting steps of forward motion along the filament. In order to determine how the presence of non-uniform motion (e.g., backward motion, random pauses, or jumping) affects the estimates of parameters obtained from such analyses, we evaluated computer simulated translocation time courses containing non-uniform motion using a simple sequential uniform n-step model. By comparing the kinetic parameters estimated from the analysis of the data generated by these simulations with the input parameters of the simulations, we were able to determine which of the kinetic parameters were likely to be over/under estimated due to non-uniform motion of the motor protein.
Law as Fair, Law as Help: The Texture of Legitimacy in American Society

Although many have argued that law somehow contributes to popular acceptance of existing relations of domination by enhancing the legitimacy of those who rule, it has proved difficult in practice to identify exactly how this legitimation takes place (Beirne, 1982; Lachmann, 1986; Scheingold, 1974; Sumner, 1979; Thompson, 1982; Trubek, 1984; Tyler, 1986; Weber, 1978). Some have claimed that legitimacy is simply too hard to distinguish and measure and that the concept should be abandoned (Hyde, 1983), while others assert that it should be retained and defined more carefully (Friedrichs, 1986). Some claim that it can be measured (McEwen & Maiman, 1986; Tyler, 1986). This chapter is an effort to explore the texture of legitimacy for ordinary Americans living in three small urban areas, one of which is rich, one poor, and one in the middle. I argue that legitimacy for these people depends less on a vision of the law as just and fair than it does on an understanding of the law as pervasive, powerful, and, from time to time, effective.
Exogenous Cell Myelin Repair and Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis

The loss of myelin has serious functional consequences in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating disorders and may place demyelinated axons at risk of subsequent degeneration. Hence, remyelination has two major consequences: it will restore and speed impulse conduction (Smith et al. 1979) and it may protect axons against degeneration, thus acting as a form of neuroprotection (Irvine and Blakemore 2008; Kornek et al. 2000). The current available treatments of MS do not promote remyelination as far as is known; hence there is a critical need for such a restorative therapy. It is well known that in experimental demyelinating disease, the CNS has remarkable ability to be remyelinated by an endogenous response (Blakemore 1973; Franklin and Ffrench-Constant 2008; Ludwin 1978), and recently, it was clearly demonstrated that widespread endogenous remyelination can lead to restoration of function (Duncan et al. 2009). Likewise in MS, extensive remyelination occurs early in the disease (Kornek et al. 2000; Prineas and Connell 1979; Raine and Wu 1993) and can also be seen at later stages (Patani et al. 2007; Patrikios et al. 2006) although it is not clear how long the human CNS can sustain an endogenous response. However it is likely that the aging CNS remyelinates less efficiently (Goldschmidt et al. 2009; Shen et al. 2008; Shields et al. 1999). In later stages of the disease, endogenous remyelination will only occur if the remaining cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage, either progenitors or mature cells, in or very close to lesions, can be mobilized and differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes. As there are no proven strategies available that will promote such a response in the human CNS, the transplantation of cells into focal areas of demyelination or multiple sites using a more disseminated delivery approach may be important therapeutically.
Modulation of cancer chemotherapy

A common characteristic of most chemotherapeutic drugs is their low therapeutic ratio. Accordingly, supplementary agents which hold the promise of improving the ratio, by either reducing the toxicity of the chemotherapeutic drug towards normal tissue or increasing its toxicity towards neoplastic tissue, are the focus of considerable interest. Animal studies render it clear that, under appropriate circumstances, diethyldithiocarbamate (DSH) can protect normal tissues from the toxic effects of a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, DSH achieves this without compromising the tumoricidal effectiveness of the drugs in question. Additionally, such studies indicate that both DSH and disulfiram (DSSD) have the ability to increase the toxicity of some chemotherapeutic agents towards neoplastic tissue while either not affecting or reducing their toxicity towards normal tissue. Some of the advantages and benefits observed in animals have proved transferable to the clinical situation. The conditions under which other benefits of such therapy accrue have not been sufficiently clearly defined in animal studies and identifying these conditions clinically is proving difficult.
The Measurement of Blood Pressure

Arterial pressure is one of the most widely measured cardiovascular variables, but the ideal technique has yet to be developed. A number of methods have been described, all of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. Central to any consideration of these is an appreciation of the enormous variability of blood pressure: a single measurement of pressure made at a discrete point in time may have very little meaning. This is particularly relevant to behaviorally oriented studies, where the emphasis is commonly on the transient changes of pressure occurring in response to a behavioral challenge. Therefore, methods capable of taking multiple measurements over a relatively short space of time are desirable. Currently available methods are reviewed below.
A novel method to enhance CSL fraction, tensile properties and work hardening in complex concentrated alloys ― Lattice distortion effect

Abstract A framework has been developed to reduce the stacking fault energy of complex concentrated alloys (CCAs) or high entropy alloys based on increasing lattice distortion by choosing principal elements with large differences in moduli and atomic size. The framework and selection criteria have resulted in the inclusion of five CCA compositions for validation of the lattice distortion and three Fe-containing CCAs. Orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) was used to examine the fraction of special boundaries in all of the CCAs. Alloys with large lattice distortion contained high density of annealing twins. Both tensile properties and work hardening rate characteristics were evaluated. CCAs that were designed based on lattice distortion demonstrated improved ultimate tensile strength. Work hardening rate curves revealed the underlying variation in the tensile properties of various CCAs. For selected alloys, post-deformation OIM analysis of the lateral surface was carried out for establishing defect density variation.
Are ball pits located in physical therapy clinical settings a source of pathogenic microorganisms

Clinical, therapeutic ball pits commonly used by physical therapists to provide sensory stimulation to children were investigated for microbial colonization. Due to the permissive and hospitable environment provided by these ball pits, microorganisms can accumulate to levels that increase the ease of transmission toexposed individuals. Our study found considerable microbial colonization in ball pits located in clinical settings, including 8 opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and 1 opportunistic pathogenic yeast.
Suspension systems: Optimising the tyre contact patch

Negative camber provided by cornering forces allows to take out the best of the tyre. This approach has led engineers to investigate an innovative development for current suspension systems.
MP02-09 ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF PROCEDURE-SPECIFIC OPIOID PRESCRIBING RECOMMENDATIONS ON OPIOID STEWARDSHIP FOLLOWING PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE SURGERY

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:There is increasing concern regarding the volume of opioid medications prescribed postoperatively, and the rate of prescription opioid related adverse-events. However, d...
An evaluative framework for examining the use of land value capture to fund public transportation projects

The proposed study contributes to the land use policy literature by first reviewing the existing literature to identify a set of major success factors and challenges to the use of land value capture (LVC) to fund public transportation projects. Next, it reviews LVC tools used to fund the metro rail system in Delhi, India—Delhi Metro. Finally, it uses the success factors and challenges identified in the study to present a framework for evaluating whether, how, and how well LVC tools are being used to fund Delhi Metro. This paper finds that several intertwined factors, many related to land use planning and policy, limit the magnitude of LVC revenues. These factors include a lack of consistency between the plans of transit agencies and local governments, that has led to poor planning for transit-oriented development (TOD) inside and around station land; the inability of transit agencies to control land use and zoning for and around the station; and over-reliance on capturing value from new properties instead of from all properties that benefit from the metro system.
Transportation Preferences of Patients Discharged from the Emergency Department in the Era of Ridesharing Apps.

Author(s): Tomar, Amar; Ganesh, Siddhi; Richards, John R. | Abstract: Introduction: Patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) may encounter difficulty finding transportation home, increasing length of stay and ED crowding. We sought to determine the preferences of patients discharged from the ED with regard to their transportation home, and their awareness and past use of ridesharing services such as Lyft and Uber.Methods: We performed a prospective, survey-based study during a five-month period at a university-associated ED and Level I trauma center serving an urban area. Subjects were adult patients who were about to be discharged from the ED. We excluded patients requiring ambulance transport home.Results: Of 500 surveys distributed, 480 (96%) were completed. Average age was 47 ± 19 years, and 61% were female. There were 33,871 ED visits during the study period, and 67% were discharged home. The highest number of subjects arrived by ambulance (27%) followed by being dropped off (25%). Of the 408 (85%) subjects aware of ridesharing services, only eight (2%) came to the ED by this manner; however, 22 (5%) planned to use these services post-discharge. The survey also indicated that 377 (79%) owned smartphones, and 220 (46%) used ridesharing services. The most common plan to get home was with family/friend (35%), which was also the most preferred (29%). Regarding awareness and past use of ridesharing services, we were unable to detect any gender and/or racial differences from univariate analysis. However, we did detect age, education and income differences regarding awareness, but only age and education differences for past use. Logistic regression showed awareness and past use decreased with increasing patient age, but correlated positively with increasing education and income. Half the subjects felt their medical insurance should pay for their transportation, whereas roughly one-third felt ED staff should pay for it.Conclusion: Patients most commonly prefer to be driven home by a family member or friend after discharge from the ED. There is awareness of ridesharing services, but only 5% of patients planned to use these services post-discharge from the ED. Patients who are older, have limited income, and are less educated are less likely to be aware of or have previously used ridesharing services. ED staff may assist these patients by hailing ridesharing services for them at time of discharge.
Measuring landscape change, lot by lot: Greening activity in response to a vacant land reuse program

Abstract Urban vacancy is a persistent problem in many cities across the U.S. and globally. Vacant land greening helps improve neighborhood conditions and initiatives that transfer vacant lots to neighborhood residents can return benefits to where they are most needed. We examined one such initiative, the Chicago Large Lot Program, which allows property owners in high-vacancy areas to purchase 1–2 city-owned vacant lots on their block for $1 each. We developed a fine-scale landscape change analysis based on a visual assessment of aerial and street-level imagery. Our assessment, which included 20 different aspects of land/tree cover and condition/care, was applied to 424 lots purchased in two areas of the city one year before and after purchase. Among the significant changes we observed was an 8% increase of lots with gardens, and while there was a 16% reduction of lots with mature trees, it was accompanied by a similar increase in the proportion of mature trees in “good condition.” Also, nearly a third of the lots showed signs of appropriation for use and/or stewardship prior to purchase, a process known as “blotting.” We found that transfer of ownership to residents through the Large Lot Program was followed by improved condition and care regardless of prior blotting, but the non-blotted lots had bigger improvements in condition and care after purchase than the blotted lots. Changes associated with vacant land greening have both social and ecological implications, and we discuss our findings with respect to urban greening strategies and future research.
Repeat pulmonary vein isolation with or without FIRM-guided ablation for recurrent atrial fibrillation with pulmonary vein reconnection.

Introduction Focal impulse and rotor modulation (FIRM) ablation can be used to target nonpulmonary vein (PV) sources of atrial fibrillation (AF). No published studies have compared freedom from atrial fibrillation (FFAF) after pulmonary vein reisolation (PVRI) plus FIRM to PVRI alone in patients with reconnected PVs undergoing repeat ablation. Methods A 3:1 matched retrospective cohort study was performed on 21 patients with recurrent AF and PV reconnection who underwent PVRI plus FIRM-guided ablation and 63 patients with recurrent AF treated with PVRI alone at a single institution. All patients in the PVRI-alone cohort had cryoballoon PVRI at the time of repeat ablation without additional lesion sets for AF. Cases were matched based on the type of AF (paroxysmal vs nonparoxysmal), left atrial diameter (±4 mm), left ventricular ejection fraction (±10%), duration of AF (±18 months), and age (±5 years). The primary endpoint was FFAF after a 3-month blanking period. Results Out of 53 total FIRM cases performed at Northwestern Memorial Hospital between 2015 and 2017, 21 patients had PVRI plus FIRM for recurrent AF with PV reconnection. These patients had an average of 3.3 ± 2.1 rotors (60% left atrial) ablated. Over a median follow-up time of 24.7 months (interquartile range, 13-36 months), patients in the PVRI-alone cohort demonstrated a higher rate of FFAF (n = 35; 55.6%) than patients in the PVRI plus FIRM-guided ablation cohort (n = 7; 33.3%) (logrank P = .049). Conclusion In patients undergoing repeat ablation for AF with PV reconnection, PVRI plus FIRM did not increase FFAF compared to PVRI alone.
An integrative review of yoga and mindfulness-based approaches for children and adolescents with asthma

Abstract Problem Asthma affects almost 15% of children in the United States. Despite the availability of treatments and educational methods, children with asthma continue to report an impaired quality of life, including symptoms of anxiety and inability to participate in physical activity. As complementary health approaches are becoming more popular and show promise in the management of many chronic diseases, the purpose of this integrative review is to examine the state of the science regarding popular complementary health approaches- yoga and mindfulness- for children and adolescents with asthma. Eligibility criteria A comprehensive search of five databases for peer reviewed articles was performed to identify experimental and non-experimental studies. The search for each database was performed from the inception of each to January 2020 and limited to the English language. The search included terminology that addressed the concepts of “asthma”, “yoga” and “mindfulness”. Sample A total of eleven articles met the criteria for review from the years 1991 to 2019. Results Nine publications focused on the use of yoga in children and adolescents with asthma and two publications focused on mindfulness in adolescents with asthma. Conclusions Interventions involving either mindfulness or yoga may be effective in reducing stress and anxiety and improving quality of life and lung function in this population. Implications Mindfulness intervention studies in the pediatric and adolescent asthma population are warranted as are additional studies that include the use of yoga with skills in mindfulness in order to evaluate their physiological and psychological effects.
Implementation of an Elastomeric Mask Program as a Strategy to Eliminate Disposable N95 Mask Use and Resterilization: Results from a Large Academic Medical Center.

Background The COVD-19 global pandemic has placed a large demand on personal protective equipment for healthcare workers. N-95 respirators, required to perform aerosolizing procedures, are in short supply and have increased significantly in cost. The lack of a clear end to the pandemic requires hospitals to create a long-term, cost effective solution to the N95 shortage. We initially used previously described methods to reuse and resterilize N95 masks; however, we found they did not solve the issues related to just-in-time fit-testing and cost. Study design We initiated a program with the aim to reduce our dependence on N95 masks by initiating a phased program to acquire industrial style elastomeric P100 masks as a substitute for reuse and resterilization of disposable N95s. We created an allocation strategy based on availability of the masks, as well as an operational plan to fit test, educate, and disinfect the masks. Results Within 1 month, we were able to reduce the number of N95s needed by our network by 95%. We also found that the cost was, conservatively, 10 times less per month than purchasing disposable N95s, and the cost benefit increases the longer they are needed. Conclusions Establishment of an elastomeric mask program is feasible and less expensive than programs focused on reusing and disinfecting disposable N95 masks. A well thought out elastomeric distribution and disinfection program does not pose greater operational challenges than an N95 reuse and resterilization program. In addition, elastomeric masks can be stored for future surges and should be considered an essential part of all healthcare facilities' supply of personal protective equipment. Implementation of the program has eliminated our dependence on disposable N95s to maintain normal operations during the global pandemic.
Carotenoids and Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Abstract Carotenoids, specifically the xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin, are compounds typically found in fruits and dark leafy vegetables that are thought to provide a protective role in ocular health via their antioxidant properties as well as their ability to filter blue–violet light in the visible spectrum. The human macula contains a high content of these carotenoids that are concentrated by the action of specific binding proteins. These include StARD3, which binds lutein, and GSTP1, which binds zeaxanthin and its dietary metabolite meso-zeaxanthin. In the human macula, these three carotenoids are observed in an equal ratio. Studies on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) suggest the progression of diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataract may be delayed by increased dietary carotenoid consumption and/or supplementation. Thus, quantifying and monitoring MPOD is important in tracking ocular health; several noninvasive measurement techniques have been developed, including heterochromatic flicker photometry and resonance Raman spectroscopy.
Repair of Partial Atrioventricular Septal Defects in Adults: A Single Center Experience.

Limited data are available on long-term outcome after repair of partial atrioventricular septal defects (pAVSD) in adults. We sought to review our experience. Between January 1, 1957 and December 31, 2016, 179 adult patients [median age (IQR) 34 (18, 72) years] underwent primary repair of pAVSD. The most common associated defects were secundum atrial septal defect (n = 38) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) (n = 7). Left atrioventricular valve (LAVV) zone of apposition (ZOA) was complete in 47 patients and LAVV regurgitation (≥moderate) was present in 73 patients. Autologous pericardium (n = 79, 45%) and polytetrafluoroethylene felt (n = 56, 32%) were mainly used for pAVSD closure. Repair techniques for LAVV regurgitation included: ZOA suture closure (n = 142), suture annuloplasty (n = 10) and posterior band annuloplasty (n = 9). Six had LAVV replacement. There were 61 deaths over a median follow-up of 21 years (IQR 10, 38), with only 4 early deaths. In a limited subset of patients with 80 paired measurements (n = 40), median right ventricular systolic pressure declined from 43 mm Hg (IQR 35–51) to 33 mm Hg (IQR 30–44) postoperatively (P
Ultrasound-Guided Needle Localization Wires in Peripheral Nerve Injuries With Long Segmental Defects: Technical Case Report.

Background and importance In cases of severe nerve trauma with significant local soft tissue damage, identification and subsequent repair of nerve stumps can pose a technical challenge. Ultrasound (US) localization in peripheral nerve surgery has recently become popular. We present a case report illustrating the use of needle-wire localization systems to identify proximal and several distal branches of an injured femoral nerve with a large segmental defect in order to illustrate how such techniques can be used to make surgical repair more efficient, particularly with identifying the distal stump(s). Clinical presentation We illustrate a case of a 16-yr-old female involved in a traumatic accident that lead to a severe injury of the femoral nerve and artery. The patient presented with a 7.3-cm defect between the proximal and distal aspect of the femoral nerve and its branches, respectively. High-resolution US was used to identify the proximal, large femoral nerve, and 3 distal stumps. By enlisting our musculoskeletal radiology team, we were able to trace distal branches of the femoral nerve and see their target muscles. Three separate US flexible needles were used to locate small muscular branches of the femoral nerve and 1 to locate the proximal stump. Intraoperatively, the localization wires allowed for safe and efficient dissection of proximal and distal nerve stumps in a significantly scarred and edematous plane. Conclusion US-guided needle-wire localization has shown promise in identifying the distal stumps and minimizing tissue dissection. Preoperative US guidance significantly aided in nerve repair for this severe injury without increasing morbidity.
Savings, home ownership, and depression in low-income US adults

While the association between income and depression is well established, less explored is the relation between wealth and depression, particularly among low-income adults. We studied the relation between two types of assets—savings and home ownership—and probable depression to understand how access to different assets may shape depression among low-income US adults. Study sample We conducted a serial cross-sectional, observational study with 12,019 adults with low-income in the United States using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2007 to 2016. Measures We measured probable major depressive disorder (MDD) with impairment using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Low savings was defined as having $5000 or less in family savings. Statistical analysis We estimated adjusted and unadjusted prevalence, odds ratios, and predicted probability of probable MDD across asset groups. Of low-income US adults, 5.4% had probable MDD with impairment, 85.9% had low savings, and 54.9% rented their home. Persons with low savings had 2.34 (95% CI 1.44–3.79) times the odds of having probable MDD relative to those with high savings. Home owners had 2.14 (95% CI 1.20–3.86) and home renters had 3.65 (95% CI 1.45–9.20) times the odds of having probable MDD if they had low savings relative to high savings. Family savings and home ownership are associated with lower burden of depression among low-income adults in the US.
Situational awareness and public Wi-Fi users’ self-protective behaviors

Accessing public Wi-Fi networks can be as dangerous as it is convenient. People who access a public Wi-Fi network should engage in self-protective behaviors to keep their data safe from malicious actors on the same network as well as persons looking over their shoulder, literally and proverbially. Using two independent research designs, we examined under what circumstances were people more likely to access an unsecured Wi-Fi network and engage in risky behavior on these networks. Findings from the first study, based on survey data, reveal that people who are more situationally aware are less likely to access personal accounts on public Wi-Fi and more likely to cover their screen to prevent others from viewing personal information. Additionally, findings show that people with higher computer proficiencies are less likely to engage with public Wi-Fi. For the second study, our research team designed and deployed honeypot Wi-Fi networks. We found that people are more likely to access these unsecured, rogue networks in establishments with fewer on-duty employees and that do not offer legitimate public Wi-Fi. Additionally, the number of on-duty employees is associated with an increase in physical security behaviors, such as concealing a screen. We conclude by discussing how these findings can aid in reducing susceptibility to online victimization.
How Methods Instructors and Program Administrators Promote Teacher Education Program Coherence

Although a growing body of scholarship points to the importance of teacher education program coherence, few studies focus on the ways in which teacher education program directors, field placement c...
Brainwave-driven human-robot collaboration in construction

Abstract Due to the unstructured, fast-changing environment of construction sites, robots require human assistance to perform various tasks, especially those involving high dexterity and nuanced human judgment. However, in shared physical spaces, human-robot collaboration (HRC) can raise new safety concerns as workers' mental health can be adversely affected by poor communication between the two peers. To create a harmonized, safe HRC, this study proposes a worker-centered collaborative framework that enables robots to capture workers' brainwaves from wearable electroencephalograph, evaluate their task-related cognitive load, and adjust the robotic performance accordingly. The framework was examined by asking 14 subjects to execute a collaborative construction task with a terrestrial robot under various levels of cognitive loads. The results showed the robot could regulate its working pace with 81.91% accuracy. This level of communication can instill trust in HRC and facilitate future endeavors in safety design of collaborative robotics.
Value Chain Innovations to Foster Development

Despite the rapid economic development of countries like China and India, there are still many parts of the world where people live in poverty. The World Bank has used income to group countries. Sometimes, we refer to parts of the world with very low per-capita income as “developing world” or “developing economies.” Of course, such terms have been criticized as the focus was on categorization instead of the people (Khokhar and Serajuddin 2015). Shifting to people, the low-income economies are plagued with people living in poverty. The World Bank (Global Monitoring Report 2016) has reclassified global extreme poverty as those living on $1.90 or less a day. In 2015, 9.6% of the world’s population lived under such a definition of extreme poverty. So our focus should be on how to address the needs and also help improve the welfare of the people in these economies.
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and brain atrophy in children and adults: A quantitative study.

Abstract Purpose To determine whether brain atrophy was present in patients with anti-N-methyl- d -aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) using qualitative and quantitative analyses of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to explore clinical differences in patients with anti-NMDARE with or without brain atrophy. Methods A retrospective observational study encompassing the serologic, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain MRI data of 23 patients with anti-NMDARE was conducted. Median patient age was 14 years (interquartile range [IQR], 12 years). The cohort included 15 children ( Results Of 23 pediatric and adult patients, 11 patients had 14 brain MRIs that were quantitatively analyzed. Quantitative NeuroQuant volumetric analysis showed atrophy in 9 of 14 MRIs for 7 of 11 patients compared to age-controlled normative data. In these 9 MRIs, atrophy was present in the temporal lobes (n = 9), cerebral cortex (n = 3), and cerebellum (n = 3). Qualitative analysis of 59 MRIs (23 patients) revealed volume loss in 6 patients: 5 with global cerebral and temporal lobe volume loss and 1 with temporal lobe volume loss. No patient showed cerebellar volume loss on qualitative analysis. Mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was not significantly different for patients with or without quantitative volume loss (3.5 [5.2] vs 27.4 [23.4] days; p = 0.08). Conclusions In this cohort of patients with anti-NMDARE, quantitative volumetric analysis showed brain atrophy, particularly affecting the temporal lobes, in 64% (7/11) of the patients. Qualitative analysis showed brain atrophy in 26% (6/23). These findings highlight the increased sensitivity of quantitative methods for volume loss detection. Larger studies are needed.
“I’m Going to Love and Tolerate the Shit Out of You”: Hybrid Masculinities in the Brony Community:

Based on interviews with 30 men who are fans of My Little Pony and ethnographic observations at four My little Pony conventions, this article examines men’s engagement with feminized media as a for...
Resilience Criteria for Project Delivery Processes: An Exploratory Analysis for Highway Project Development

AbstractHighway project delivery is a disruption-prone process in which resilience is essential to project success, because different project stages experience disruptions and struggle to reach des...
Glass Transition(s) of Ionomers

Ionomers are predominantly nonpolar polymers that contain a small amount of bonded salt groups. Microphase separation of ion-rich microdomains occurs as a consequence of the thermodynamic incompatibility of the salt groups and the polymer matrix and associative interactions between salt groups. Associations of the salt groups usually increase the glass transition of the continuous matrix phase, presumably as a consequence of the inhibition of chain mobility that accompanies physical crosslinking. The central question raised in this paper is whether the dispersed ion-rich microphase exhibits a glass transition. Although no glass transition for the microphase is detected by calorimetry, a dynamic mechanical relaxation is commonly observed above the T{sub g} of the matrix phase. This transition has some of the attributes of a glass transition, but it is not clear what is the actual relaxation process that is measured. This paper discusses the effect of the ionic groups on the matrix glass transition, the origin of the high-temperature dynamic mechanical transition, and the effects of the addition of plasticizers on the T{sub g} of the matrix and the higher temperature mechanical relaxation.
Dynamic isoline extraction for visualization of streaming data

Queries over streaming data offer the potential to provide timely information for modern database applications, such as sensor networks and web services. Isoline-based visualization of streaming data has the potential to be of great use in such applications. Dynamic (real-time) isoline extraction from the streaming data is needed in order to fully harvest that potential, allowing the users to see in real time the patterns and trends – both spatial and temporal – inherent in such data. This is the goal of this paper. Our approach to isoline extraction is based on data terrains, triangulated irregular networks (TINs) where the coordinates of the vertices corresponds to locations of data sources, and the height corresponds to their readings. We dynamically maintain such a data terrain for the streaming data. Furthermore, we dynamically maintain an isoline (contour) map over this dynamic data network. The user has the option of continuously viewing either the current shaded triangulation of the data terrain, or the current isoline map, or an overlay of both. For large networks, we assume that complete recomputation of either the data terrain or the isoline map at every epoch is impractical. If n is the number of data sources in the network, time complexity per epoch should be O(logn) to achieve real-time performance. To achieve this time complexity, our algorithms are based on efficient dynamic data structures that are continuously updated rather than recomputed. Specifically, we use a doubly-balanced interval tree, a new data structure where both the tree and the edge sets of each node are balanced. As far as we know, no one has applied TINs for data terrain visualization before this work. Our dynamic isoline computation algorithm is also new. Experimental results confirm both the efficiency and the scalability of our approach.
Sub 300 nm wavelength III-Nitride tunnel-injected ultraviolet LEDs

We report on the first demonstration of tunnel-injection-based III-Nitride ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LEDs) with emission wavelength lower than 300 nm. The III-Nitride system could enable a new class of solid state ultraviolet sources that could surpass the efficiency and cost of traditional gas-based ultraviolet bulbs. However, III-Nitride based ultraviolet emitters have significantly lower efficiency (10–100x lower) than visible wavelength emitters, even though the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of AlGaN emitters is high. The main reason for the lower efficiency in these devices is the high acceptor activation energy, poor hole availability, and high p-contact resistance in p-type AlGaN. Interband tunnel junctions (TJ) can overcome these fundamental limitations by non-equilbrium injection of holes into the LED active region, offering an approach to increase both the electrical injection as well as light extraction efficiency. However, interband PN tunnel junctions become increasingly more resistive as the band gap is increased. We show here that polarization engineering can enable non-equilibrium hole injection into wide bandgap AlGaN with bandgap larger than 4.7 eV (Al composition > 50%), enabling UV LEDs at a wavelength of 295 nm, with a record low differential resistance of 1.6 × 10−3 Ωcm2 at a current density of 1 kA/cm2.
Spontaneous drainage of syringomyelia. Report of two cases.

✓ Two cases are reported of Arnold-Chiari type I malformation associated with syringomyelia, in which magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed spontaneous decompression of the syrinx. In one case axial MR imaging sections showed a communication between the syrinx and the spinal subarachnoid space, which supports the hypothesis that fissuring of the cord parenchyma is instrumental in the spontaneous resolution of syringomyelia. The MR imaging changes were not accompanied by variations in the patients' clinical course.
Imaging Metabolism with Light: Quantifying Local Fluorescence Lifetime Perturbation in Tissue-like Turbid Media

Fluorescence lifetime imaging creates a map of spatial differences in local lifetime. These lifetime differences can be correlated with local metabolic levels which makes this a valuable biomedical imaging modality. We examine the ability to localize a fluorescence signal from deeply embedded sites in highly scattering, turbid, tissue-like media. We show how a specific point-spread-like function may be used to quantify an isolated lifetime perturbation between two sites in tissue. This new minimally invasive method offers the opportunity to infer near-real-time estimates of metabolic activity.
EXCHANGE RATE SENSITIVITY OF AUSTRALIA'S TRADE FLOWS: EVIDENCE FROM INDUSTRY DATA*

In an effort to boost employment, a country could stimulate its exports and discourage its imports and thereby improve its trade balance. One policy that has received a great deal of attention in the literature is currency devaluation. By making exports cheaper and imports expensive, devaluation is said to improve the trade balance. The only condition required is that the sum of import and export demand price elasticities exceed unity (that condition, known as the Marshall-Lerner condition, is derived under the assumption of perfectly elastic supply of trade). Most previous studies that attempted to assess the Marshall-Lerner condition relied on price elasticities that were obtained by estimating aggregate import and export demand functions. These studies provided mixed conclusions as far as the effectiveness of devaluation or depreciation is concerned. Examples include Houthakker and Magee (1969), Khan (1974), Goldstein and Khan (1976, 1978), Wilson and Takacs (1979), Haynes and Stone (1983a, 1983b), Warner and Krienin (1983), Bahmani-Oskooee (1986, 1998), and Bahmani-Oskooee and Niroomand (1998). The mixed conclusion could be related to aggregation bias. When aggregate trade data are employed in import and export demand functions, significant price elasticity with one trading partner could be more than offset by an insignificant price elasticity with another trading partner, yielding an insignificant price elasticity. Because of aggregation bias, another body of the literature has emerged in recent years that concentrates on using trade data at the bilateral level. Examples in this latter group include Rose and Yellen (1989), Cushman (1987, 1990), Summary (1989), Marquez (1990), Haynes, Hutchison, and
A molecular link between the common phenotypes of type 1 glycogen storage disease and HNF1alpha-null mice

The clinical manifestations of type 1 glycogen storage disease (GSD-1) in patients deficient in the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) system (e.g. growth retardation, hepatomegaly, hyperlipidemia, and renal dysfunction) are shared by Hnf1alpha(-/-) mice deficient of a transcriptional activator, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha (HNF1alpha). However, the molecular mechanism is unknown. The G6Pase system, essential for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis, is comprised of glucose 6-phosphate transporter (G6PT) and G6Pase. G6PT translocates G6P from the cytoplasm to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum where it is metabolized by G6Pase to glucose and phosphate. Deficiencies in G6Pase and G6PT cause GSD-1a and GSD-1b, respectively. Hnf1alpha(-/-) mice also develop noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus caused by defective insulin secretion. In this study, we sought to determine whether there is a molecular link between HNF1alpha deficiency and function of the G6Pase system. Transactivation studies revealed that HNF1alpha is required for transcription of the G6PT gene. Hepatic G6PT mRNA levels and microsomal G6P transport activity are also markedly reduced in Hnf1alpha(-/-) mice as compared with Hnf1alpha(+/+) and Hnf1alpha(+/-) littermates. On the other hand, hepatic G6Pase mRNA expression and activity are up-regulated in Hnf1alpha(-/-) mice, consistent with observations that G6Pase expression is increased in diabetic animals. Taken together, the results strongly suggest that metabolic abnormalities in HNF1alpha-null mice are caused in part by G6PT deficiency and by perturbations of the G6Pase system.
Misplaced marketing Imagine the television commercial: “No stems, no seeds that you don’t need, Baja Gold’s a real smooth weed”

Discusses issues around marketing and the debate on legality of drugs. Notes that, while there has been a consideration of ways in which drug restrictions could be loosened, there is an underlying fear of the effects of marketing of such products. Looks also at issues surrounding the marketing of such legal products as cigarettes and alcohol, considering the popular “wisdom” that marketing activities cause people to act in a fashion contrary to their own self interets.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: definition and pathology.

Abstract Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a significant form of chronic liver disease in adults and children. The natural history of NASH ranges from indolent to end-stage liver disease. Current studies are focusing on identification of histologic and/or clinical markers of progression. NASH may be an underlying cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis, and the lesions of NASH may recur in allograft livers. An expanding array of clinical conditions and pathogenetic mechanisms have been identified, but many cases remain "idiopathic"; lack of significant alcohol use is, by definition, common to all cases. Neither clinical evaluation nor laboratory values can ensure either the diagnosis or the exclusion of NASH, and liver biopsy interpretation continues to be considered the "gold standard" for diagnosis. The lesions in NASH are similar but not identical to those of alcoholic steatohepatitis; exact, specific histologic criteria for the diagnosis are currently under discussion. The lesions most commonly accepted for NASH include steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning degeneration, mild diffuse lobular mixed acute and chronic inflammation, and perivenular, perisinusoidal collagen deposition. Zone 3 accentuation may be detected. Mallory's hyaline, vacuolated nuclei in periportal hepatocytes, lobular lipogranulomas, and PAS-diastase-resistant Kupffer cells are common. In biopsy specimens from children, portal inflammation may be more prominent than in adults. Progression of fibrosis may result in bridging septa and cirrhosis. The lesions of steatohepatitis may be noted concurrently with other forms of chronic liver disease. A histological "grading and staging" system has been developed to reflect the unique features of steatohepatitis, gradations of severity and fibrosis, and to promote uniform reporting of the histopathology.
The effective point of measurement of ionization chambers and the build-up anomaly in MV x-ray beams.

A precision experimental investigation of the effective point of measurement (EPOM) of ion chambers in megavoltage beams has been carried out. A one-dimensional scanning phantom system was developed with an overall accuracy in the positioning of a chamber of better than 0.15 mm. Depth-dose data were acquired for a 25 MV beam from an Elekta Precise linac (field sizes of 10 x 10 cm and 25 x 25 cm) for measurement depths in the range 0.6-6 cm. The results confirmed the Monte Carlo calculations of an earlier theoretical investigation by Kawrakow [Med. Phys. 33, 1829-1839 (2006)] that the standard shift for cylindrical chambers, recommended in dosimetry protocols of -0.6r (where r is the internal radius of the cavity), is incorrect. A wide range of ion chambers were investigated and it was found that errors of up to 1.4 mm could occur for certain chamber designs (although typical errors for common chambers were around 0.5 mm). A comparison between measurements and Monte Carlo simulations showed that once the correct EPOM is used, the details of the linac geometry are correct, and the parameters of the electron beam striking the bremsstrahlung target have been adequately determined, the EGSnrc Monte Carlo package is capable of reproducing the experimental data to 0.2 mm or better. The investigation also confirmed that for the highest accuracy depth-dose curves in megavoltage photon beams one should use a well-guarded parallel-plate ion chamber. Three chamber designs were tested here and found to be satisfactory-the Scanditronix-Wellhofer NACP-02, PTW Roos and Exradin All.
Deformation and transformation mechanisms of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2)

The deformation process and the accompanyingα→β phase transformation of poly(vinylidene fluoride), drawn at 82 to 90 and 130° C, has been characterized by electron microscopy and X-ray and electron diffraction. Micronecking occurs at both draw temperatures, fibrils and mosaic blocks being drawn off the edges of the micronecks. The degree of phase transformation, at the same elongation, is dependent on the draw temperature; at 130° C the majority of the sample remains in theα phase at the natural draw ratio. The phase transformation at both draw temperatures accompanies the transformation from lamellar (block) structure to fibril.
Liquid‐Liquid dispersion in turbulent couette flow

A dimensionless dispersion number was developed to characterize liquid-liquid dispersions created in turbulent Couette flow with respect to their subsequent coalescence in a settling zone. For a given solvent pair and continuous phase, the dispersion number is relatively constant over a wide range of operating and dimensional parameters. Because of this, the dispersion number can be used for the design and scale-up of liquid extraction equipment with discrete stages.