cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘Danger is in Words’: The Drama and Assassination of Christopher Marlowe

Cold war and hot war, disputed succession, defunct councillors and young aspirants, religious upheaval - these were the factors, all major political factors, surrounding the murder of Christopher Marlowe. The killing occurs in the very midst of multiple conspiracies discovered and/or manufactured by the Cecil and Essex factions in their struggle for court dominance. There is no documentary evidence linking Marlowe’s supposed intelligence activities with Walsingham, despite the fact that Marlowe was patronized by Thomas Walsingham, Francis’ cousin. The only two documents that seem to connect Marlowe with some kind of covert activity are both associated with Burghley: (1) the 1587 certificate authorizing Marlowe’s M. A. signed when Burghley, not Walsingham, is attending the PC; and (2) the 1591/2 letter indicating Marlowe’s arrest for counterfeiting and delivery to Burghley for interrogation, from which he apparently suffered no (immediate) repercussions.
The Effect of Dimethyl Fumarate on Cerebral Gray Matter Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis.

The objective of this pilot study was to compare cerebral gray matter (GM) atrophy over 1 year in patients starting dimethyl fumarate (DMF) for multiple sclerosis (MS) to that of patients on no disease-modifying treatment (noDMT). DMF is an established therapy for relapsing–remitting (RR) MS. We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients with RRMS at the start of DMF [age (mean ± SD) 46.1 ± 10.2 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score 1.1 ± 1.2, timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) 4.6 ± 0.8 s] and eight patients on noDMT (age 42.5 ± 6.6 years, EDSS 1.7 ± 1.1, T25FW 4.4 ± 0.6 s). Baseline and 1-year 3D T1-weighted 3T MRI was processed with automated pipelines (SIENA, FSL-FIRST) to assess percentage whole brain volume change (PBVC) and deep GM (DGM) atrophy. Group differences were assessed by analysis of covariance, with time between MRI scans as a covariate. Over 1 year, the DMF group showed a lower rate of whole brain atrophy than the noDMT group (PBVC: −0.37 ± 0.49% vs. −1.04 ± 0.67%, p = 0.005). The DMF group also had less change in putamen volume (−0.06 ± 0.22 vs. −0.32 ± 0.28 ml, p = 0.02). There were no significant on-study differences between groups in caudate, globus pallidus, thalamus, total DGM volume, T2 lesion volume, EDSS, or T25FW (all p > 0.20). These results suggest a treatment effect of DMF on GM atrophy appearing at 1 year after starting therapy. However, due to the retrospective study design and sample size, these findings should be considered preliminary, and require confirmation in future investigations. Biogen.
Clarity of mind: Structural equation modeling of associations between dispositional mindfulness, self-concept clarity and psychological well-being.

Abstract Clear self-concept beliefs are thought to be fundamental for well-being; and, mindfulness is believed to be intimately linked with beliefs about the self and well-being. Self-concept clarity suggests greater self-knowledge, which in turn may encourage more consistent involvement with fulfilling pursuits and relationships. Results from this study of 1089 undergraduate students indicate that self-concept clarity mediates the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and psychological well-being, with the mindful tendencies to act with awareness and remain non-judgmental identified as most closely linked with self-concept clarity and psychological well-being. Thus, dispositional mindfulness may encourage greater clarity with respect to beliefs about the self, which in turn may be associated with greater psychological well-being.
EBITDA Single-Period Income Capitalization for Business Valuation

This article begins with a discussion of EBITDA, or earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. The focus on the EBITDA of private companies is almost ubiquitous among business appraisers, business owners, and other market participants. The article then addresses the relationship between depreciation (and amortization) and EBIT, or earnings before interest and taxes, as one measure of relative capital intensity. This relationship, which is termed the EBITDA Depreciation Factor, is then used to convert debt-free pretax (i.e., EBIT) multiples into corresponding multiples of EBITDA. The article presents analysis that illustrates why, in valuation terms (i.e., expected risk, growth, and capital intensity), the so-called pervasive rules of thumb suggesting that many companies are worth 4.0× to 6.0× EBITDA, plus or minus, exhibit such stickiness. The article suggests a technique based on the adjusted capital asset pricing model whereby business appraisers and market participants can indepen...
Measuring Patient-Based Outcomes: Setting Realistic Expectations When Balancing Functional Outcomes with Cancer Control

There is an emerging shift in the management of localized prostate cancer (PCa) from whole-gland treatment to “partial gland ablation” strategies or “focal therapy.” The dynamics in the treatment landscape of PCa is attributed to the epidemiological changes in the disease, improved understanding of the cancer biology, technological advances in prostate imaging, and novel approaches such as targeted biopsies. As focal therapy is being gradually integrated into routine clinical use, it is highly essential to incorporate the application of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) into focal therapy practice. Routine use of PROMs can improve patient-physician communications, aid in better decision-making, and serve as a tool for outcome measurement, performance assessment, and benchmarking. Though most of the published literature on focal therapy for prostate cancer has used validated questionnaires to measure the functional outcomes, the reporting is heterogeneous and not standardized specifically for focal therapy. Well-organized multidisciplinary working group and qualitative research interviews will help in building treatment-specific PROM tools for validation and subsequent clinical application. Researchers should be encouraged to develop PROM instruments specific for focal therapy, and incorporation of such tools into clinical practice will allow robust comparative studies essential to physicians and patients.
Evaluating relationships among clinical working memory assessment and inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors in a community sample of children.

Abstract Objective This study examined relationships between inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors and working memory (WM) functioning, and the utility of WM in categorical diagnosis of ADHD versus considering ADHD symptoms on a continuum. Method The study included 50 male children (6–12 years). Inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors were measured by the Conners-3P parent report, and WM was assessed by the WISC-IV WM subtests and Working Memory Index (WMI). Results WISC-IV Arithmetic and Digit Span Backward were most consistently related to inattentive behaviors, and no WM measure was consistently related to ADHD hyperactive/impulsive behaviors. Arithmetic and Digit Span Backward also accounted for significant variance in inattentive behaviors and ADHD inattention symptoms, respectively. Neither the WMI nor the Arithmetic subtest correctly classified individuals diagnosed with ADHD. Conclusion Measurement of inattentive behaviors on a continuum best characterized relationships between symptoms of ADHD and WM functioning; WM functioning did not have utility in categorical understanding of ADHD.
The Place of Poetry in Gerontological Social Work Education

This essay focuses on poetry as a means to enhance the education and training of social workers and allied health care professionals working with the elderly. The poetry examined includes published popular poetry and poetry created by the elderly in community and residential programs. Finally, I discuss the poetry and narrative of four social workers as an integrative device for dealing with personal and professional issues relating to aging and identity.
Verbal Collision Avoidance Messages of Varying Perceived Urgency Reduce Crashes in High Risk Scenarios

Collision Avoidance Systems (CASs) are increasingly being installed in motor vehicles. Concurrently, verbal warnings are increasingly utilized in aviation, surface transportation, and medical environments. The current driving simulation investigation examined crash avoidance behaviors in high risk driving situations and crash rate reduction as a function of exposure to different types of verbal CAS messages. CAS messages varied in presentation level (PL) and signal word. Post-drive ratings of perceived urgency, alerting effectiveness, and annoyance were also examined. The type of CAS warning presented resulted in significant differences in appropriate crash avoidance behaviors and crash rates. In the current paradigm, the most effective CAS warnings were those of moderate PU, specifically the low PU signal word “notice” presented at high PL and the high PU signal word “danger” presented at low PL. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for CAS warning design and hazard matching applicability.
Predation and Parasitism of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Eggs in Minnesota.

The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), has spread across North America and is causing serious economic damages. Current management of this pest is based primarily on use of insecticides, which can disrupt integrated pest management programs. Alternatively, biological control is a more benign management tactic. This study provides the first examination of potential impact of parasitoids and predators of pentatomid eggs in Minnesota. Over 2 yr, 10,074 fresh and 9,870 frozen H. halys eggs were deployed in two forest and two soybean habitats in St. Paul, Minnesota from June to August. Our results demonstrate that rates of parasitism and predation were low, accounting for only 0.4 and 3.7%, respectively, across years, habitats, and egg states. In general, the parasitoid Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), had higher impacts on H. halys eggs in soybean, and generalist predators were more prevalent in forest habitats. Overall, predation was higher on fresh versus frozen eggs, and parasitism was not consistent across egg states. Although the rates of H. halys mortality due to natural enemies were low, results of our study may be conservative estimates of their true impact. Also, sentinel egg mass surveys should account for undeveloped parasitoids to better quantify H. halys egg mortality by native parasitoids. Alternative management tactics, such as the introduction of Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), could be considered to improve biological control of H. halys. Our findings serve as the foundation for future work on biological control of this pest and other pentatomids.
Polymer-bonded magnets: III. Effect of surface modification and particle size on the improved oxidation and corrosion resistance of magnetic rare earth fillers

Abstract We studied the effect of surface modification and particle size on the oxidation and corrosion behavior of neodymium–iron–boron (Nd–Fe–B) magnetic alloy powders by using thermal analysis to accelerate efforts to develop useful poly(phenylene sulfide) bonded Nd–Fe–B magnets. The results indicate that coating the Nd–Fe–B powders with a coupling agent provides the required oxidation and corrosion resistance for the targeted processing conditions. The coated rare earth powders are thermally and environmentally stable at elevated temperatures and in a 100% humid environment, where commercial rare earth alloy magnets are not usable. The coating treatment more significantly affects the small particle powders. A mechanism accounting for the improved thermal and environmental stability is presented and discussed. Magnetic measurements were performed to verify the thermal analysis results.
A Multimethod Assessment of Associations between Parental Attachment Style and School-aged Children’s Emotion

Self-reported romantic attachment style is a well-studied phenomenon within the romantic relationship literature, yet surprisingly little work examines its link with parenting- or child-related outcomes. Understanding the associations (or lack thereof) between adults’ self-reported attachment anxiety and avoidance with relevant outcomes in children is crucial in revealing the extent to which romantic attachment style has empirical ties with the canonical work of Bowlby and Ainsworth. With the current study, we explored whether parents’ self-reported romantic attachment style predicts a key outcome of attachment security—children's emotion reactivity and regulation. Within an ethnically diverse sample of school-aged children, we tested associations between parents’ self-reported attachment styles and children’s emotion reactivity and regulation, measured with subjective, behavioral, and physiological metrics at two time points. Results show that higher parental attachment anxiety, and to a lesser extent avoidance, predict multiple indices (behavioral, physiological, and subjective) of emotion reactivity and regulation in children. Children of parents reporting higher attachment anxiety self-reported greater positive and negative emotion, as well as greater use of emotion regulation strategies. These children also demonstrated lower physiological emotion regulation at follow-up. Children of parents higher in avoidance reported less negative emotion after a hypothetical stressor and less use of emotion regulation strategies, but more negative emotion following a failure task at follow-up. Findings add to the body of evidence suggesting that self-reported attachment anxiety and avoidance are associated with theoretically-relevant child variables in attachment research.
The Importance of Monitoring Inspired Oxygen Concentrations During Regional Anesthesia

The mass spectrometer detected interruption of fresh gas supply for supplemental oxygen administration during regional anesthesia. Conventional monitoring of inspired oxygen concentration would not have permitted recognition of the disconnection described.
Inflammation-associated pathologies in a case of prostate schistosomiasis: Implications for a causal role in prostate carcinogenesis.

Background Urogenital infection with Schistosoma haematobium is a risk factor for the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The pathophysiology is thought to be mediated in part by inflammation, cellular damage, and bladder regeneration induced by the parasitic infection. Herein, we report an unusual case of schistosomiasis of the prostate that was found concurrent with prostate adenocarcinoma in a radical prostatectomy specimen from a man in the United States. Methods The infecting Schistosoma species was characterized via histomorphology and acid-fast stain. The concurrent Gleason score 6 prostate cancer was assessed for ETS transcription factor ERG (ERG), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), p27, and p53 status using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cellular proliferation and the presence of intermediate cells in prostatic atrophy were assessed via immunostaining for Ki67 and CK903, respectively. Results Histomorphology and acid-fast stain of the infecting species were consistent with S. haematobium. We classified the Gleason score 6 prostate adenocarcinoma via IHC as ERG positive, PTEN intact, p27 intact, and without p53 nuclear accumulation. The prostatic epithelium immediately adjacent to the schistosomiasis-related granulomatous inflammation was atrophic and accompanied by increased cellular proliferation and the presence of intermediate cells. Upon literature review, we determined that prostate schistosomiasis is associated with a young age of prostate cancer diagnosis and highly aggressive prostate cancer. Conclusions This is a rare case of prostate schistosomiasis in the United States; however, prostate schistosomiasis occurs frequently in endemic areas. The patient had traveled to a Schistosoma-endemic region, which was the likely location of exposure to the parasite. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the association of proliferative inflammatory atrophy and intermediate cells with schistosomiasis of the prostate. We propose that prostate schistosomiasis may be considered as a risk factor for the development of prostate cancer in geographic regions where Schistosoma species are endemic.
School Culture and the Affective Learning Needs of Latino Long-term English Learners

The US Department of Education projects that by the year 2030 the total English Learner (EL) population in US schools will exceed 40 percent. Currently, by the time ELs make it to high school, after 7 or more years in English Language Development (ELD) programs, the majority (59 percent), are Long Term English Learners (LTEL). LTEL students represent a variety of ethnicities and language groups, but the focus of this qualitative study is LTEL students who identify as Latino LTEL. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe and explain recently graduated Latino LTEL’s perceptions of the impact of their school’s culture on their academic and affective acculturation. As schools look to improve the educational outcome of Latino EL, listening to voices of former LTEL as they share their high school experiences can provide insights into ways to support the affective learning needs, academic success, and acculturation of Latino EL. Through 10 in-depth interviews with former Latino LTEL and employing qualitative coding analysis, this research explored and analyzed recently graduated Latino EL’s perceptions of the impact of school culture on their academic acculturation. Even though schools have for many years attempted to address the needs of their linguistically diverse students, the results of this study indicate that the participants’ high schools did not do enough to support their academic and affective learning needs. This lack of support impacted participants’ self-perceptions of themselves as learners. To
Success rates of re-excision after positive margins for invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast

Rates of positive margins after surgical resection of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) are high (ranging from 18 to 60%), yet the efficacy of re-excision lumpReceptor subtypeectomy for clearing positive margins is unknown. Concerns about the diffuse nature of ILC may drive increased rates of completion mastectomy to treat positive margins, thus lowering breast conservation rates. We therefore determined the success rate of re-excision lumpectomy in women with ILC and positive margins after surgical resection. We identified 314 cases of stage I-III ILC treated with breast conserving surgery (BCS) at the University of California, San Francisco. Surgical procedures, pathology reports, and outcomes were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics and Cox-proportional hazards models. We evaluated outcomes before and after the year 2014, when new margin management consensus guidelines were published. Positive initial margins occurred in 118 (37.6%) cases. Of these, 62 (52.5%) underwent re-excision lumpectomy, which cleared the margin in 74.2%. On multivariate analysis, node negativity was significantly associated with successful re-excision (odds ratio [OR] 3.99, 95% CI 1.15–13.81, p = 0.029). After 2014, we saw fewer initial positive margins (42.7% versus 25.5%, p = 0.009), second surgeries (54.6% versus 20.2%, p < 0.001), and completion mastectomies (27.7% versus 4.5%, p < 0.001). In this large cohort of women with ILC, re-excision lumpectomy was highly successful at clearing positive margins. Additionally, positive margins and completion mastectomy rates significantly decreased over time. These findings highlight improvements in management of ILC, and suggest that completion mastectomy may not be required for those with positive margins after initial BCS.
Structure, mechanical properties, and modeling of cyclically compressed pulmonary emboli.

Abstract Pulmonary embolism occurs when blood flow to a part of the lungs is blocked by a venous thrombus that has traveled from the lower limbs. Little is known about the mechanical behavior of emboli under compressive forces from the surrounding musculature and blood pressure. We measured the stress-strain responses of human pulmonary emboli under cyclic compression, and showed that emboli exhibit a hysteretic stress-strain curve. The fibrin fibers and red blood cells (RBCs) are damaged during the compression process, causing irreversible changes in the structure of the emboli. We showed using electron and confocal microscopy that bundling of fibrin fibers occurs due to compression, and damage is accumulated as more cycles are applied. The stress-strain curves depend on embolus structure, such that variations in composition give quantitatively different responses. Emboli with a high fibrin component demonstrate higher normal stress compared to emboli that have a high RBC component. We compared the compression response of emboli to that of whole blood clots containing various volume fractions of RBCs, and found that RBCs rupture at a certain critical stress. We describe the hysteretic response characteristic of foams, using a model of phase transitions in which the compressed foam is segregated into coexisting rarefied and densified phases whose fractions change during compression. Our model takes account of the rupture of RBCs in the compressed emboli and stresses due to fluid flow through their small pores. Our results can help in classifying emboli as rich in fibrin or rich in red blood cells, and can help in understanding what responses to expect when stresses are applied to thrombi in vivo.
An update on current and potential genetic insights and diagnosis of Alport syndrome

This review presents an approach to early diagnosis and treatment of Alport syndrome, an important genetic cause of kidney failure, with the goal of delaying the need for dialysis and kidney transp...
Millimeter-Wave Complex Permittivity of Silica/Alumina-Filled Epoxy-Molding Compounds

Composite materials made of micron-sized oxide particle fillers in an epoxy resin matrix that can be molded into desired shapes are widely used for packaging radiofrequency and microwave-integrated circuits (ICs). To potentially employ these materials with millimeter-wave ICs (MMICs), quantitative knowledge of the composites’ dielectric properties across a broad millimeter-wave band is necessary. Here, we present non-destructive measurements of the complex relative permittivity, er = e′ + je″, on some possible MMIC packaging composites consisting of silica and/or alumina microsphere fillers dispersed in an epoxy matrix. Measurements using phase-sensitive transmission over the WR3 and WR5 frequency bands (140 to 325 GHz) show that e′ ranged from 3.6 for pure silica filler to 7.2 for pure alumina filler, with very little frequency dispersion. In all materials, the loss tangent tanδ = e″/e′ was between 0.01 and 0.02 in this frequency range. An analysis using the theory of two-component composites is used to extract the real permittivity of the epoxy resin. The results could be used to model performance of packaged MMICs and to design composites having a tailored value of e′.
Lateral femoral condyle insufficiency fractures: imaging findings, demographics, and analysis of outcomes

To describe imaging characteristics and demographics of lateral femoral condyle insufficiency fractures (LFCIFs) and identify characteristics associated with progression to epiphyseal collapse. A retrospective review of 105 consecutive patients with LFCIF was performed (mean age 58.1 years) after excluding post-traumatic and pathological fractures. Lesion size and location, presence of bone marrow edema–like signal, soft tissue edema, chondrosis grade, and meniscus pathology were documented. Demographics were recorded from the electronic patient record. Follow-up MRI and/or radiographs were evaluated for healing/stability or progression to epiphyseal collapse. Bone mineral density was assessed from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans and/or radiographs. Fifty-six female and 49 male subjects were included. Female subjects were older at presentation (60.5 versus 56.3 years, p = .02). A total of 61.7% of the subjects with available DEXA and/or radiographs had osteopenia/osteoporosis. The central weight-bearing (61%) and outer condyle (54.3%) were most involved. High-grade chondrosis was present in ≥ 1 compartment in 70.5% including 42% in the lateral compartment. A total of 67.6% had ≥ 1 meniscus tear with similar frequency of medial and lateral tears (47.6% versus 41%). Bone marrow edema–like signal was present in all cases; soft tissue edema was present in 83.8%. Fifty-three subjects had available follow-up MRI (n = 24) and/or radiographs (n = 29). Increased age, fracture dimensions, presence of medial meniscus tears, and high-grade patellofemoral chondrosis were associated with progression (p ≤ .05). LFCIFs are associated with meniscus tears, high-grade chondrosis, and osteopenia/osteoporosis with more global knee pathology present when compared with medial femoral condyle insufficiency fracture. Increased age, medial meniscus tears, fracture dimensions, and high-grade patellofemoral chondrosis were associated with progression.
Monolithic Schottky diode imaging arrays at 94 GHz

Monolithic GaAs Schottky diode imaging arrays have been demonstrated at 69 and 94 GHz. In the 94 GHz experiments, the diodes are fabricated by a self-aligning technique on semi-insulating GaAs and are isolated by a combination of a mesa-etch process and proton-bombardment. The series resistance is 20 ω and the estimated capacitance is 15–20 fF. The antennas are planar bow-ties, and power is coupled in through a quartz lens placed on the back of the GaAs substrate. The wafer is lapped to 90 μm thick to eliminate losses to substrate modes. The measured system responsivity is 330 V/W. The 69 GHz diodes are made by a non-self-aligned process, and a silicon substrate lens is used.
Machine learning frameworks for the inverse design of highly complicated multi-functional metasystems

To fully unlock the capacity of engineered optical media, metadevices and metasystems are exploited with progressively greater complexity, including those with arbitrarily complicated topology, spatially variant building blocks, and multi-layered configurations. The astronomical degrees of freedom associated with such structures have obstructed effective design of them based on the conventional wisdom. Here we present a series of machine learning frameworks, consolidating deep neural networks, evolutionary strategy, and advanced patter generation methods for the inverse design of meta-structures in response to on-demand optical properties, with extensive case studies for multiplexed wavefront control, holography, and optical computing.
246. Medical optimization after orthopedic spine and total joint arthroplasty decreases readmission

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Over the past decade, new health care reforms, due to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, have introduced all-cause hospital readmission as a determinate metric for quality of care. Concurrently, payers have started to implement bundled payment systems, in which hospitals will be accountable for the costs of readmissions for any reason, up to 90 days from discharge. Therefore, decreasing the readmission rate will allow for cost savings. PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to assess factors associated with 30-90 day readmission after spine and total joint replacement surgeries. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING We compiled a randomized list of 999 spine and total joint patients who underwent surgery at our institution between 2014-2015. From this, we compiled a database with information regarding the length of stay, number of consults, 30- and 90-day readmission, medical comorbidities, and patient demographics. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between the variables of interest. PATIENT SAMPLE We compiled a randomized list of 999 spine and total joint patients who underwent surgery at our institution between 2014-2015. OUTCOME MEASURES A database with information regarding the length of stay, number of consults, 30- and 90-day readmission, medical comorbidities, and patient demographics was compiled. Outcomes measures included 30- and 90-day readmission rates. METHODS A randomized study including 999 spine procedures and total joint arthroplasties were collected from 2014-2015. A retrospective chart review was then performed. RESULTS A 90-day readmission correlation coefficient of -0.13 was observed when compared to the number of consults obtained after surgery (P CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that those patients who are optimized medically for discharge, following spine or total joint surgery, have a significantly lower likelihood of readmission at 30 and 90 days. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that patients with longer lengths of stay necessary, for medical optimization, will lead to a lower likelihood of readmission. Based on the findings of the current study, the authors recommend, medically optimizing patients prior to discharge to decrease readmission and the associated penalties. This may require more consults and longer length of hospital stay. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibody Use for the Preventive Treatment of Refractory Headache Disorders in Adolescents.

Abstract Background Monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin gene–related peptide or its receptor have clinical trial evidence in adults with headache, but data are lacking in adolescents. The objective of this study was to describe the safety and efficacy of calcitonin gene–related peptide monoclonal antibody treatment in adolescents with chronic headache disorders. Methods We performed a retrospective multisite cohort study of patients less than 18 years of age who received a calcitonin gene–related peptide monoclonal antibody for headache prevention. Demographics, baseline headache characteristics, efficacy, and side effect data were collected. Results The study population comprised 112 adolescents who received at least one dose of a calcitonin gene–related peptide monoclonal antibody. Mean (S.D.; range) age at first dose was 15.9 years (1.4; 10.3 to 17.8). Ninety-four patients (83.9%) had chronic migraine, 12 (10.7%) had new daily persistent headache, and six (5.4%) had persistent post-traumatic headache. At baseline, the mean (S.D.) number of headache days per month was 26.9 (6.1) (n = 109) and headache was continuous in 75 of 111 (67.6%). At first follow-up visit there was a significant reduction in headache frequency compared with baseline (−2.0 days; 95% confidence interval, −0.8 to −3.2). Significant benefit was perceived by 29.5% of patients at first follow-up visit (n = 33/112) and 30.1% (n = 22/73) at second follow-up visit. A significant functional improvement was perceived by 31% of patients (n = 31/94) at the first follow-up visit and 22.4% (n = 15/67) at the second follow-up visit. The most common side effects were injection site reactions in 17.0% (n = 19) and constipation in 8.0% (n = 9). Five patients (4.5%) discontinued because of side effects. Conclusions Side effects with calcitonin gene–related peptide monoclonal antibody treatment in adolescents were similar to those reported in adult trials. Calcitonin gene–related peptide monoclonal antibody treatment appears to benefit a proportion of adolescents with chronic refractory headache disorders.
The effect of Capacitive and Resistive electric transfer on non-specific chronic low back pain.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Capacitive and Resistive electric transfer (CRet)-combined exercise therapy for participants with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLB...
Infectious Recidivism in Tunneled Dialysis Catheters Removed for Bloodstream Infection in the Intensive Care Unit.

Abstract Purpose To determine the rate of recurrent infection of ICU patients who underwent tunneled dialysis catheter (TDC) exchange or removal for bloodstream infection. Materials and Methods Forty seven patients, with a total of 61 TDCs removed for bloodstream infection while admitted in an ICU from 2017–2020, were identified. TDCs were exchanged over a wire or removed and replaced. Thirteen patients (21%) were managed with non-tunneled dialysis catheters (NTDCs) until delayed TDC replacement at ICU departure. Forty seven TDCs were removed for bacteremia (77%), 13 for fungemia (21%), and 1 for both (2%). Thirty TDCs (49%) were exchanged over-the-wire (ICU-exchanged TDCs), and 31 (51%) were removed. Of the patients who underwent TDC removal, 9 had a new TDC placed while still admitted in the ICU (ICU-replaced TDCs), and 7 underwent delayed TDC replacement at ICU departure. Data regarding infection, removal technique, catheter replacement, and patient outcomes were analyzed. Results There were 10 instances of recurrent bloodstream infection (infectious recidivism), occurring in 7 ICU-exchanged TDCs (7/30, 23%) and 3 ICU-replaced TDCs (3/9, 33%). Bloodstream infection complicated 22% of NTDCs used in patients undergoing delayed TDC replacement. No cases of TDC infectious recidivism were observed in patients who underwent delayed TDC replacement (0/7, 0%) after ICU departure. Conclusions High rates of infectious recidivism exist in the ICU, meriting further investigation into how to optimally manage these patients. In those in whom TDCs are removed, withholding TDC replacement until ICU departure may help to minimize the rate of recurrent infection.
Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common gastrointestinal disease in the United States. Nonsurgical management with acid-reducing medications is a common first-line therapy for most patients. Despite appropriate medical therapy, many patients continue to suffer from refractory GERD-related symptoms, experience complications, or desire to stop medical therapy due to cost or side effects. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is the most common intervention but is performed in a very small portion of patients who would otherwise qualify. Concerns about side effects and long-term efficacy of fundoplication play a major role in the underutilization of surgical therapy for GERD. Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) augmentation with a magnetic implantable device is a novel therapy that has recently been introduced as an alternative to fundoplication. Magnetic sphincter augmentation has so far been demonstrated to be a safe and effective procedure with certain advantages when compared to traditional antireflux surgery with a fundoplication.
Aprotic Alkali Metal–O2 Batteries: Role of Cathode Surface-Mediated Processes and Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis

Alkali metal–O2 batteries (i.e., Li/Na–O2) with high specific energies are promising alternatives to state-of-the-art metal-ion batteries. However, they are plagued by challenges arising from the u...
Author response to Cunha et al.

The need to identify biomarkers to predict immunotherapy response for rare cancers has been long overdue. We aimed to study this in our paper, ‘Radiomics analysis for predicting pembrolizumab response in patients with advanced rare cancers’. In this response to the Letter to the Editor by Cunha et al, we explain and discuss the reasons behind choosing LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) and XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) with LOOCV (Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation) as the feature selection and classifier method, respectively for our radiomics models. Also, we highlight what care was taken to avoid any overfitting on the models. Further, we checked for the multicollinearity of the features. Additionally, we performed 10-fold cross-validation instead of LOOCV to see the predictive performance of our radiomics models.
Autistic Adolescents' and Their Parents' Visions for the Future: How Aligned Are They?

Introduction: The expectations that individuals hold about the future can influence the decisions they make toward achieving their goals. Existing research suggests that parents of autistic adolesc...
The nature of the word : studies in honor of Paul Kiparsky

Paul Kiparsky's work in linguistics has been wide-ranging and fundamental. His contributions as a scholar and teacher have transformed virtually every subfield of contemporary linguistics, from generative phonology to poetic theory. This collection of essays on the word--the fundamental entity of language--by Kiparsky's colleagues, students, and teachers reflects the distinctive focus of his own attention and his influence in the field. As the editors of the volume observe, Kiparsky approaches words much as a botanist approaches plants, fascinated equally by their beauty, their structure, and their evolution. The essays in this volume reflect these multiple perspectives. The contributors discuss phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics bearing on the formal composition of the word; historical linguistic developments emphasizing the word's simultaneous idiosyncratic character and participation in a system; and metrical and poetic forms showing the significance of Kiparsky's ideas for literary theory. Collectively they develop the overarching idea that the nature of the word is not directly observable but nonetheless inferable. ContributorsStephen R. Anderson, Arto Anttila, Juliette Blevins, Geert Booij, Young-mee Yu Cho, Cleo Condoravdi, B. Elan Dresher, Andrew Garrett, Carlos Gussenhoven, Morris Halle, Kristin Hanson, Bruce Hayes, Larry M. Hyman, Sharon Inkelas, S. D. Joshi, Rene Kager, Ellen Kaisse, Aditi Lahiri, K. P. Mohanan, Tara Mohanan, Cemil Orhan Orgun, Christopher Pinon, William J. Poser, Douglas Pulleyblank, J. A. F. Roodbergen, Haj Ross, Patricia Shaw, Galen Sibanda, Donca Steriade, John Stonham, Stephen Wechsler, Dieter Wunderlich, Draga Zec Kristin Hanson is Associate Professor of English and Sharon Inkelas is Professor of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley.
Summarizing item-level properties

A typical educational test consists of a large number of multiple-choice items. In the construction and pretesting of a test form, particular attention is paid to every item of the form. Each item is screened for a number of possible faults, such as non-existence or non-uniqueness of the correct answer among the response options, use of words or expressions that may have a different connotation or may be more (or less) familiar to an ethnic category of examinees, may require non-elementary knowledge from a different subject area, and the like.
The effect of consumer perceptions of quality and sacrifice on hospital choice: a suburban vs. urban competitive scenario.

Abstract The primary objective of this research was to determine how a suburban hospital located near an urban center fares when local consumers are selecting a hospital. A significant portion of the 161 suburban respondents to the study's mail survey perceive the quality of care available at alternative urban hospitals to be higher than that available at their local suburban hospital on the vast majority of quality-related attributes. Most respondents, however, select their local hospital for both major and minor medical treatment. The greater value represented by suburban hospitals, due to their relative closeness to the consumer, represents a significant competitive advantage.
On the Teneurin track: a new synaptic organization molecule emerges

To achieve proper synaptic development and function, coordinated signals must pass between the pre- and postsynaptic membranes. Such transsynaptic signals can be comprised of receptors and secreted ligands, membrane associated receptors, and also pairs of synaptic cell adhesion molecules. A critical open question bridging neuroscience, developmental biology, and cell biology involves identifying those signals and elucidating how they function. Recent work in Drosophila and vertebrate systems has implicated a family of proteins, the Teneurins, as a new transsynaptic signal in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. The Teneurins have established roles in neuronal wiring, but studies now show their involvement in regulating synaptic connections between neurons and bridging the synaptic membrane and the cytoskeleton. This review will examine the Teneurins as synaptic cell adhesion molecules, explore how they regulate synaptic organization, and consider how some consequences of human Teneurin mutations may have synaptopathic origins.
Approach to the Bleeding Patient

This chapter aims to provide a simple diagnostic framework in which the physician can approach most patients with abnormal bleeding in a logical fashion to recognize the underlying cause. The diagnostic approach to bleeding disorders is based upon a full understanding of what the current screening assays for bleeding states measure.
A reconfigurable processor for forward error correction

In this paper, we introduced a reconfigurable processor optimized for implementation of Forward Error Correction (FEC) algorithms and provided the implementation results of the Viterbi and Turbo decoding algorithms. In this architecture, an array of processing elements is employed to perform the required operations in parallel. Each processing element encapsulates multiple functional units which are highly optimized for FEC algorithms. A data buffer coupled with high bandwidth interconnection network facilitates pumping the data to the array and collecting the results. A processing element controller orchestrates the operation and the data movement. Different FEC algorithms like Viterbi, Turbo, Reed-Solomon and LDPC are widely used in digital communication and could be implemented on this architecture. Unlike traditional approach to programmable FEC architectures, this architecture is instruction-level programmable which results the ultimate flexibility and programmability.
Initial results from a survey of two cohorts of religious nonprofits

Next to congregations, religious nonprofit organizations represent one of the most numerous categories of religious organizations in the United States. However, very few data exist that shed light on this sector. In this research note we introduce new data from a survey of two cohorts of religion-related public charities, also known as 501(c)(3)s or simply as religious nonprofits. We also present initial findings from these data. Specifically, we provide a descriptive profile of religious nonprofits’ founders and how these individuals compare to leaders and founders of other organizations, including congregations. We also provide a descriptive profile of these organizations’ activities, staffing, and structure. This note serves as the first step in what we hope will be an expanding literature on religious nonprofit organizations.
A partial power processing of battery/ultra-Capacitor hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles

A new hybrid energy storage system is proposed in this paper based on partial power processing concept. Unlike the conventional designs, the proposed HESS processes only a portion of the vehicle power through the interfacing DC/DC converter. The new concept reduces the converter losses, enables the full usage of stored energy in the storage units and provides stable DC bus voltage irrespective of the operating conditions. The interfacing converter is only active when there is a need to supply power from the ultra-capacitors (UC). The regenerative braking energy is captured by both the UC, and the battery via the bidirectional converter. The proposed topology is analyzed, simulation and experimental results are presented in the paper to confirm the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Barrier passage and protein dynamics in enzymatically catalyzed reactions

This review describes studies of particular enzymatically catalyzed reactions to investigate the possibility that catalysis is mediated by protein dynamics. That is, evolution has crafted the protein backbone of the enzyme to direct vibrations in such a fashion to speed reaction. The review presents the theoretical approach we have used to investigate this problem, but it is designed for the nonspecialist. The results show that in alcohol dehydrogenase, dynamic protein motion is in fact strongly coupled to chemical reaction in such a way as to promote catalysis. This result is in concert with both experimental data and interpretations for this and other enzyme systems studied in the laboratories of the two other investigators who have published reviews in this issue.
Sexual harassment and police discipline: Who's policing the police?

The occurrence of sexual harassment in policing is a national problem. Indicative of the significance of this problem are the increasing numbers of sexual harassment complaints filed by female officers against their male counterparts. Less apparent is whether the harassing officers are disciplined for these acts. This article sheds light on the subject by providing an analysis of the disciplinary measures taken by the Florida Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission against law enforcement officers found guilty of sexual harassment. This article describes the role and responsibilities of the Commission, the regulatory body charged with disciplining law enforcement officers in Florida. The article concludes that, despite evidence of the pervasiveness of sexual harassment in Florida law enforcement agencies, the numbers of sexual harassment cases in which the Commission accepts jurisdiction are minimal and the discipline imposed is often insubstantial.
Human placental circulation: A preliminary study of the use of silicone rubber injection of the fetal and maternal blood vessels

Abstract Silicone rubber was used to fill maternal and fetal blood vessels in 3 human placenta in situ. Comparison with radiographic microscopic and electron microscopic techniques is possible. The technique shows promise in elucidating maternal vessels at the margin of the placenta as well as the intervillous space and interconnections within the fetal placental vessels.
The Legal Implications of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

The object of this paper is to analyze: (1) the pertinent ethical arguments for and against Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD); (2) the international rules which apply to PGD; and (3)the differing legal approaches and policies towards PGD in selected European States. Finally it will consider the consequences of those differing approaches in Europe towards PGD for a couple’s right to procreative autonomy and will try to establish if the UK’s legal model is the one which best serves the different interests and rights at stake.
DIETARY VITAMIN C AND UTERINE CERVICAL DYSPLASIA

A case-control study of women with cervical abnormalities identified through Pap smears, was conducted in the Bronx, New York, to explore the relationship between nutritional intake and cervical dysplasia. Nutrient intake was estimated from computer analysis of three-day food records and 24-hour recall for 169 study participants (87 cases, 82 controls), including a subset of 49 pairs matched for age, race and parity. Mean vitamin C intake per day from three-day food record for controls was 107 mg, compared to 80 mg for cases (p less than 0.01). Analysis of matched pairs showed similar results; 29% of cases compared to 3% of controls in matched subset had vitamin C intake less than 50% of the recommended daily allowance, yielding a ten-fold increase in risk of cervical dysplasia as estimated by odds ratio (p less than 0.05). Younger age, greater frequency of sexual intercourse and younger age at first intercourse were associated with higher risk of cervical dysplasia. Multiple logistic analyses indicated that low vitamin C intake is an independent contributor to risk of severe cervical dysplasia when age and sexual activity variables are controlled. Approximately 35% of US women in their reproductive years have daily vitamin C intake below 30 mg, and 68% have vitamin C intake below 88 mg. If other studies confirm these findings, it may be important to explore a possible protective role of supplementary vitamin C for women at high risk of cervical cancer.