cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrical performance of polymer housed zinc oxide arresters under contaminated conditions

The electrical performance of polymer-housed zinc oxide distribution arresters has been investigated in a fog chamber. Two types of housing materials, copolymers of ethylene and propylene (commonly known as EPM rubber) and terpolymers of ethylene propylene and diene (commonly known as EPDM rubber), both containing alumina trihydrate (ATH) filler, have been examined. It has been demonstrated that, under relatively low (250 mu S/cm) and moderate (1000-2000 mu S/cm) fog conductivity, degradation in the form of tracking and erosion of the housing occurs. On some housings, degradation is dominant in the region of the mold line and is due to nonuniformity in filter dispersion. The electric field has been computed and a few electrode modifications to improve the surface electric field distribution are suggested. >
Radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine in unextracted human serum.

ABSTRACT L-3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) has been measured by a radioimnunoassay the special features of which permit determinations in unextracted serum. These include the use of tetrachlorthyronine which appears to inhibit the binding of To to thyroxine binding globulin but does not affect the binding of T3 to antibody and utilization of a T3-free serum prepared in vitro for the construction of a serum standard curve. Mean T3 levels were 60 ng % in hypothyroidism, 139 ng % in normal subjects and 587 ng % in hyperthyroidism.
A Theoretical Analysis of Intracavitary Blood Mass Influence on the Heart-Lead Relationship

As a result of theoretic advances made during the past 10 years, it is now feasible to record scalar and vector electrocardiograms in a manner which is independent of body shape and cardiac location. A similar independence of the body's electric inhomogeneities has not yet been achieved. On the contrary, the evidence presented here shows that inhomogeneity phases in the body, especially the intracavitary blood mass, exert a powerful influence on the heart-lead relationship. The particular effect of the intracavitary phase is to augment the manifest strength of normal components of myocardial doublets, and to reduce the manifest strength of tangential components. This augmentation-reduction effect is quantitatively predictable under conditions of simple idealization, and has been confirmed by experiments on electrocardiograpic models. The net effect of the intracavitary phase is probably to produce quasi-vectorial registration of the electromotive forces of the heart, at least during the normal depolarizat...
Electric field gradient modulation and nuclear magnetic relaxation in hexacyanocobaltate ion

Abstract The 59 Co, 15 N, and 13 C NMR relaxation rates are reported for potassium hexacyanocobaltate in aqueous solutions as a function of temperature and counter ion. The 59 Co relaxation rate is dominated by the nuclear electric quadrupole relaxation mechanism, but measurements of the 13 C and 15 N relaxation rates show that modulation of the electric field gradient at the cobalt nucleus is not coupled to rotation of the symmetrical complex ion. The field gradient change at the cobalt nucleus resulting from ion-pair formation with magnesium ion is on the order of or less than 30%. This observation supports the hypothesis that larger changes in the relaxation rate of the central ion are due to perturbations in the first-coordination sphere of the observed ion.
Nuclear and extranuclear estrogen binding sites in the rat forebrain and autonomic medullary areas.

Immunocytochemical studies have shown that nuclear and extranuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) are present in several extrahypothalamic brain regions. The goal of this study was to determine the subcellular location of functional ERs, particularly extranuclear ERs, by demonstrating 125I-estradiol binding in the rat forebrain and medullary sections prepared for light and electron microscopic autoradiography. Some sections were immunocytochemically labeled with the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), prior to the autoradiographic procedure. By light microscopy, dense accumulations of silver grains denoting 125I-estradiol binding were observed over cells in the ventromedial and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei, amygdala, and nucleus of the solitary tract. In sections labeled for TH, large accumulations of silver grains were admixed with TH-labeled processes in the medial nucleus of the amygdala and over TH-labeled perikarya in the medial and commissural nucleus of the solitary tract. Elect...
EMERGENCE OF STATE REGULATION IN V.L.B.W. PREMATURE INFANTS

Behavioral observations of state were made for 24 low birthweight healthy premature infants at 32 and 36 weeks gestational age. Each observation lasted for 2-4 hours between feedings and included on a 30-second interval basis an assignment of state (quiet sleep, active sleep, drowse and alert)and a coding of related behaviors. Heart rate and respiratory pattern were also monitored mechanically. After the 32-week observation, 12 of the infants (intervention group) were transferred from the open floor intermediate special care nursery which is busy, bright and noisy, to a small nursery room where day/night cycles are maintained, noise and activity levels are significantly reduced, and nursing care is on a more individualized basis. Twelve infants (control group) remained in the open floor nursery. Developmentally expected improvements in state behavior from 32 to 36 weeks (increase in overall quiet sleep, longer mean interval of REM during active sleep, and less startle/tremor behavior) were greater for the intervention babies compared to the control group. Additionally, we are looking at each subject's change over time for specific improvements in state behavior that comprise our group comparisons and the overall coordination of these specific state behaviors for each subject to arrive at an index of state regulation at each age. This approach to data analysis may more clearly identify individual responses to environmental support or injury.
The long goodbye: Dutch capitalism and antislavery in comparative perspective

‘If the world were to come to an end, I would go to Holland, where everything happens fifty years later.’ Pieter Emmer opens his discussion of Dutch abolition with this apocryphal aphorism (ascribed to Heinrich Heine). Of all the northern European imperial powers, the Dutch were the last to legislate colonial slave emancipation, thirty years after their British counterparts across the North Sea.1 They perfunctorily abolished slavery in 1863, after their Swedish, Danish, and French neighbors. Historians of slavery seem to have repeated the procrastination. They have been equally slow to view the Dutch case as a valuable opportunity for comparative analysis.
Expectation of Pain as a Source of Pre‐Competitive Anxiety in Athletes

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the expectation of pain and pre-competitive anxiety. Male and female collegiate athletes (N = 89) completed a set of surveys prior to competition, which measured pain expectations (Expectations of Pain Scale), competitive anxiety (Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2), and expectations of threat (Expectations of Threat Questionnaire). Correlational and regression analyses revealed that pain expectations were related to the experience of pre-competitive anxiety. Similar results were obtained across gender. Overall, the findings of the study support the proposition that the expectation of pain should be considered a viable addition to sources of competitive anxiety presently identified in the extant literature. Further research should be aimed at determining the effect of pain-related anxiety on performance.
Serotonin studies on mouse tissues.

SummaryTissues of mice bearing mastocytomas are rich in serotonin. A significant decrease in serotonin content occurred in kidneys, lungs, small intestine and liver of these mice following anaphylactic shock.
An Argument for Metaphysical Realism

This paper presents an argument for metaphysical realism, understood as the claim that the world has structure that would exist even if our cognitive activities never did. The argument is based on the existence of a structured world at a time when it was still possible that we would never evolve. But the interpretation of its premises introduces subtleties: whether, for example, these premises are to be understood as assertions about the world or about our evidence, internally or externally, via assertibility conditions or truth conditions – and what sorts of beings are included in the `we' upon whose cognitions the antirealist supposes the structure of the world to depend. I argue that antirealism can provide no defensible, fully articulated interpretation of the premises that either shows them not to be true or defeats the reasoning.
Permeation of hydrogen through palladium

Abstract Palladium membranes have been bombarded by beams of ∼ 10 eV atomic hydrogen with a peak flux and fluence of 4 × 10 16 cm −2 s −1 and 10 20 cm −2 , respectively. The time-dependent permeation resulting from these exposures has been measured as a function of membrane temperature. The results have been compared with the models of Livshitz et al. and Pick et al. Permeation through conditioned membranes has agreed with these models and with earlier measurements at lower fluxes and incident energies. Effects attributed to changing surface contamination have also been observed. Aspects of a conceptual design for reducing tritium inventory in ITER through the use of superpermeability are described.
Pion-nucleon scattering in the P33 channel in the linear sigma model

Abstract A consistent study of the NN interaction requires the investigation of the Δ resonance, as the Δ can affect the properties of the effective light σ meson originating from correlated two-pion exchange and vice versa . We study how the Δ appears as an effective degree of freedom in the linear σ model. Since the field-theoretic scattering amplitudes respect certain analytic properties, it is appropriate to use partial-wave dispersion relations for πN scattering, which produce non-linear integral equations that are solved by the N / D method. We choose an amplitude that guarantees the correct threshold behavior and that gives a P 33 resonance with a driving term from one-nucleon exchange. Then we investigate the effect of adding the one-sigma-exchange force. With either a very heavy or a light σ meson, we can find a P 33 resonance. For intermediate σ masses, we find a πN bound state. We confirm that the calculated resonance mass depends sensitively on the short-range πN attraction. Nevertheless, the existence of a P 33 resonance is compatible with the existence of an effective light σ meson in this model.
Some New Ferromagnetic Manganese Alloys

THE ferromagnetic beta phases in the systems copper–manganese–aluminium and copper–manganese–tin have been shown to have an ordered body-centred cubic structure, and the compositions of alloys showing maximum magnetizations correspond to atomic proportions1,2 Cu2MnAl and Cu2MnSn. Valentiner has recently reported that ferromagnetic alloys exist in the system copper–manganese–indium. The highest intensity of magnetization is shown by the composition Cu2MnIn, and the structure is analogous to that3 of Cu2MnAl and Cu2MnSn.
The FTA design paradigm for distributed systems

Abstract The Flip-Tick Architecture, or FTA for short, is a collection of organizing principles and generic functional units for building distributed systems which are based on cooperative and competitive teams of small or medium-grained agents called actors . We describe the design and operation principles of the architecture and present some ideas of how to build applications with an FTA structure. A typical application system comprises tens or hundreds of actors sharing one or several common data storages known as tagboards . There is no explicit point-to-point communication between actors. Instead, actors communicate by reading and posting tags with data on the tagboards using various mechanisms for synchronization. The distribution across several interconnected computers as well as the choice of actor granularity and synchronism are up to the application designers.
The lung permeability index: A feasible measurement of pulmonary capillary permeability

Summary Background We performed this study to determine the pulmonary capillary permeability (PCP) measuring radiolabeled human serum albumin leakage into the lung. The objective was to use PCP to differentiate between cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema etiologies. Methods We conducted this study in 10 patients admitted to the intensive care unit who had recently developed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and required hemodynamic monitoring. In these patients we determined the association among the lung permeability index, cardiac output, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, myocardial performance index, and the protein content of the bronchoalveolar lavage as expressed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) total protein and BAL-to-serum protein ratio. Twenty mCi of technetium-labeled albumin was injected and measure in the heart and the lung at 10 and 180 min post-injection. Lung and heart uptake ratios as well as the lung permeability index were calculated. Results We found a good correlation between the lung permeability index and both the myocardial performance index (cardiac output/pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) and the total protein content of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Conclusion The lung permeability index is a feasible, noninvasive estimation of the pulmonary capillary permeability.
Fertilization rates in superovulating cows after deposition of semen on the infundibulum, near the uterotubal junction or after insemination with high numbers of sperm.

Three experiments were conducted with 105 superovulating Holstein dairy cows in attempts to improve the fertilization rate. Cows were superovulated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and time of estrus was regulated with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). Semen was deposited on each infundibulum through a laparoscope inserted through the flank (Experiment 1) or near the uterotubal junctions through flexible tubing passed through the cervix and uterine horns (Experiment 2). In the third experiment, high numbers of sperm in fresh semen were deposited in the uterus. Cows were necropsied and ova were recovered and examined about 3.5 d after the beginning of estrus. Deposition of 0.5 ml of frozen-thawed semen on each infundibulum (Experiment 1) reduced both ovum recovery and fertilization. In ten cows inseminated on the infundibulum, ova representing 43% of ovulation points were recovered and 9% of these recovered ova were fertilized. In ten control cows, ova representing 80% of ovulation points were recovered and 62% of them were fertilized. In a 2 × 2 experiment with 36 superovulating cows (Experiment 2), 1 ml of diluted fresh or frozen semen was deposited either near the uterotubal junction or in the uterine body. The overall fertilization rate was 61%, with no significant effect of site of semen deposition or type of semen used. In Experiment 3, 2 or 3 ml of neat semen (average of 4.4 billion sperm) was deposited in the uterus of 12 cows; 183 of 197 intact ova (93%) were fertilized. In 56 control cows inseminated with 0.5 to 1.5 ml of frozen diluted semen (average of 70 million sperm), 502 of 947 intact ova were fertilized (53%, P<0.001). Insemination with high numbers of fresh sperm overcame problems of sperm loss or sperm transport and improved the fertilization rate.
Television photometry: The Mariner 9 experience

Television photometry is compared to conventional techniques. Reduced data from Mariner 9 cameras should, under optimum conditions, have been accurate to a few percent. However, a combination of unstable camera properties and various unfortunate circumstances produced serious nonlinearities and other systematic errors. The means of estimating these errors are described in detail; they lean heavily on the fortuitous presence of a few specks of dust on the faceplate of one vidicon. Crude corrections will probably improve the photometric quality for the two most-used filter positions of the A camera. It would be very difficult to improve the photometry further. In view of their low photometric accuracy and detective quantum efficiency vidicons do not seem likely to replace conventional photography, except for special applications.
Correction of cellular phenotypes of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria cells by RNA interference

The great majority of cases of the Hutchinson-Gilford progeroid syndrome (HGPS) (“Progeria of Childhood‘’) are caused by a single nucleotide mutation (1824 C->T) in the LMNA gene which encodes lamin A and C, nuclear intermediate filaments that are important components of the nuclear lamina. The resultant mutant protein (Δ50 lamin A) is thought to act in a dominant fashion. We exploited RNA interference technology to suppress Δ50 lamin A expression, with the long range goal of intervening in the pathogenesis of the coronary artery atherosclerosis that typically leads to the death of HGPS patients. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs were designed to target the mutated pre-spliced or mature LMNA mRNAs, and were expressed in HGPS fibroblasts carrying the 1824 C->T mutations using lentiviruses. One of the shRNAs targeted to the mutated mRNA reduced the expression levels of Δ50 lamin A to 26% or lower. The reduced expression was associated with amelioration of abnormal nuclear morphology, improvement of proliferative potential, and reduction in the numbers of senescent cells. These findings provide a rationale for potential gene therapy.
California Earthquakes: Why Only Shallow Focus?

Frictional sliding on sawcuts and faults in laboratory samples of granite and gabbro is markedly temperature-dependent. At pressures from 1 to 5 kilobars, stick-slip gave way to stable sliding as temperature was increased from 200 to 500 degrees Celsius. Increased temperature with depth could thus cause the abrupt disappearance of earthquakes noted at shallow depths in California.
Impurity effects in carbon fibres

Outgassing experiments have been performed on a variety of polyacrylonitrile- and rayon-based carbon yarns. Major residual impurities, as well as those introduced from surface treatments, have been identified. Sulphur has been shown to be a major impurity of rayon-based carbon fibres, with concentrations up to 3110 ppm by weight having been determined by neutron-activation analyses. Removal of this contaminant as a volatile material commences at approximately 1300° C. Interrelationships between sulphur removal and mechanical and crystallographic properties have been considered for one rayon-based carbon yarn. Decreases in both interlayer spacing and tensile strength are associated with sulphur evolution, whereas apparent crystallite size and Young's modulus are unaffected by the outgassing.
Pituitary Tumor-Transforming Gene: Physiology and Implications for Tumorigenesis

Pituitary tumor-transforming gene-1 (PTTG1) is overexpressed in a variety of endocrine-related tumors, especially pituitary, thyroid, breast, ovarian, and uterine tumors, as well as nonendocrine-related cancers involving the central nervous, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems. Forced PTTG1 expression induces cell transformation in vitro and tumor formation in nude mice. In some tumors, high PTTG1 levels correlate with invasiveness, and PTTG1 has been identified as a key signature gene associated with tumor metastasis. Increasing evidence supports a multifunctional role of PTTG1 in cell physiology and tumorigenesis. Physiological PTTG1 properties include securin activity, DNA damage/repair regulation and involvement in organ development and metabolism. Tumorigenic mechanisms for PTTG1 action involve cell transformation and aneuploidy, apoptosis, and tumorigenic microenvironment feedback. This paper reviews recent advances in our understanding of PTTG1 structure and regulation and addresses known mechanisms of PTTG1 action. Recent knowledge gained from PTTG1-null mouse models and transgenic animals and their potential application to subcellular therapeutic targeting PTTG1 are discussed.
Using the Internet to teach access to Asian history resources

Finding primary source information for history classes is a challenge, especially for small, non‐research libraries. The Internet, with its potentially unlimited resources, opens a new world to instructors and other information seekers, and makes formerly out‐of‐reach information accessible. Through the experience of teaching classes in history information research, the author discusses how librarians can help users to locate Internet resources which can be used to fill gaps of in‐house collections. The author argues that carefully planned effective instruction is necessary to assist students in navigating the Internet. Collaboration between faculty and librarians can enhance the teaching and learning of information research skills.
The senate agriculture committee produces a homeostat

Agricultural policy making between 1960 and 1973 is examined drawing on Herbert Simon's conception of procedural rationality. The basic structure of current agricultural policy evolved during the period studied. The paper suggests that policy and policy making interact narrowing the search for a law until it achieves a combination of provisions that is an equilibrium. The computational ‘routines’ used in calculating consequences of provisions of legislation are extracted from the text of committee hearings and analyzed as a system of inequalities. The paper also discusses what satisficing means in this policy making process.
Relaxation of metastable states in blue bronze K0.3MoO3

Metastable states, induced by thermal cycling and electric fields were investigated in blue bronze K0.3MoO3. We found a hysteresis in the temperature dependence of the low field resistance. The thermally induced metastable resistivity relaxes obeying a power low time dependence.
Nutritional and Metabolic Issues in Solid Organ Transplantation: Targets for Future Research

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality complicates the course of a significant proportion of renal transplant recipients and is increasingly prevalent among recipients of other solid organ transplants, such as heart or liver transplant patients. A posttransplant metabolic syndrome comprised of hypertension, dyslipidemia, increased fat mass/obesity, and glucose intolerance, combined with other metabolic side effects derived from glucocorticoid and calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppression, attenuates allograft and patient survival. After the early posttransplant years, infection and rejection are the major risks that recipients face, whereas metabolic and cardiovascular disease become the most serious long term risk factors impacting patient survival. While significant advances in immunosuppressive therapy have prolonged the allograft and patient survival in solid organ transplant recipients, little has been done in the way of controlled interventional trials utilizing nutritional, dietary, or biobehavioral modification, especially when combined with drug treatment to reduce the effects of the posttransplant metabolic syndrome. In addition to cardiovascular morbidity, metabolic bone disease, osteopenia, and impaired growth in children pose significant challenges in posttransplant management. In this review, the data from some of the known observational dietary trials in solid organ transplant recipients and prior evidence obtained from studies in chronic kidney disease and the general population is considered in formulating new targets for future research to deal with this ever-increasing population of high risk patients.
Social capital and the distribution of household income in the United States: 1980, 1990, and 2000

Abstract Social capital is a person or group's sympathy or sense of obligation for another person or group. The objects of sympathetic feelings have social capital. Those holding sympathetic feelings for others provide social capital. Because social capital providers internalize the consequences of their choices on the objects of their social capital, they trade with each other on different terms and at different levels than would occur in arm's length transactions, all other things equal. Furthermore, changes in the distribution of social capital alter the terms and level of trade which in turn alter the distribution of income. This paper demonstrates mathematically the connection between changes in social capital and income distributions and then tests empirically the influence of social capital on household income distributions in the 50 U.S. states for the census years 1980, 1990, and 2000. The mathematical and empirical findings of this paper support the proposition that social capital measured by social capital indicator variables have important influences on the distribution of household incomes.
Systemic and Neuropathologic Effects of E. coli Endotoxin in Neonatal Dogs

The acute systemic and neuropathologic effects of E. coli endotoxin were determined in neonatal dogs. Administration of sublethal (LD0), moderate (LD50), or lethal (LD100) doses of endotoxin produced significant arterial hypotension, metabolic (lactic) acidosis, and hypoglycemia. Neuropathologic changes consisted of widespread inflammation in both grey and white matter; however, necrotic lesions were found only in forebrain white matter.
Inhomogeneous Gaussian image models for estimation and restoration

Two inhomogeneous Gaussian-image models are presented for estimation and restoration. By incorporating the local statistics of an image, a homogeneous autoregressive (AR) random field can be extended to an inhomogeneous AR field. This inhomogeneous random field can provide a better description of the image than the homogeneous one. As a consequence of this improved modeling, a minimum-mean-square-error estimator (MMSE), based on the inhomogeneous Gaussian model, can produce good results in both subjective and objective criteria. Two image models are proposed for use in image estimation and restoration: a residual image model (original image minus the space-variant mean) and a normalized image model (residual image divided by space-variant standard variation). The novel aspect of these models is the use of an autoregressive dynamical model for residual and normalized images. Some aspects of parameter estimation are discussed and simulation results are presented. >
The activities of enzymes associated with anaerobic pathways, glycolysis and the Krebs cycle in spiders

Abstract 1. 1. The activities of eight enzymes that participate in or are closely linked to anaerobic glycolysis or the Krebs cycle were measured in 11 species of spiders representing diverse taxonomic groups (Table 1). 2. 2. The results indicate three anaerobic pathways may operate in spiders. The major pathway leads to the accumulation of D-lactate and one of the minor pathways to alanine and malate as postulated by Linzen & Gallowitz (1975). Another minor pathway ends with the accumulation of glycerol-3-phosphate and pyruvate (Fig. 1). 3. 3. There were no consistent correlations between the degree of development of certain pathways or enzyme activities and a spider's habits and respiratory exchange system. 4. 4. Lactate pathways are much more highly developed in the legs and cephalothorax than in the abdomen.
Precoder design for a single-relay non-orthogonal AF system based on mutual information

This paper investigates the precoder design for a non-orthogonal amplify-and-forward (NAF) half-duplex single-relay channel using mutual information (MI) as the main performance metric. Different from precoder design methods using pairwise error probability (PEP) analysis which are valid only at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), our precoder design can apply to any SNR region, which is of more interest from both information-theoretic and practical points of view. We develop a MI-based criterion for an arbitrary cooperative length of 2T , which corresponds to the case of using a 2T ×2T precoder. The design criterion is established in a closed-form, which can be helpful in finding an optimal precoder. Then by focusing on the 2×2 precoder design, we analytically show that a good precoder should have all entries that are equal in magnitude, which is different from the optimal precoders obtained thus far using the conventional PEP criterion. Simulation results indicate that the proposed class of precoder outperforms the existing precoders in terms of the mutual information performance.
Infectious diseases of refugees and immigrants: hookworm.

This series is based on the Infectious Diseases section of the web site Refugee Health ∼ Immigrant Health, available on the World Wide Web at http://www.baylor.edu/~Charles_Kemp/refugee_health.htm. The site was developed through a contract with the Texas Department of Health as part of an ongoing effort to improve the health of refugees and immigrants.
Fast reversed-phase liquid chromatography to reduce back exchange and increase throughput in H/D exchange monitored by FT-ICR mass spectrometry

In solution-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX), it is essential to minimize the back-exchange level of H for D after the exchange has been quenched, to accurately assign protein conformation and protein-protein or protein-ligand interactions. Reversed-phase HPLC is conducted at low pH and low temperature to desalt and separate proteolytic fragments. However, back exchange averages roughly 30% because of the long exposure to H(2)O in the mobile phase. In this report, we first show that there is no significant backbone amide hydrogen back exchange during quench and digestion; backbone exchange occurs primarily during subsequent liquid chromatography separation. We then show that a rapid reversed-phase separation reduces back exchange for HDX by at least 25%, resulting from the dramatically reduced retention time of the peptide fragments on the column. The influence of retention time on back exchange was also evaluated. The rapid separation coupled with high-resolution FT-ICR MS at 14.5 T provides high amino acid sequence coverage, high sample throughput, and high reproducibility and reliability.
Clarifying a Production Model

A feedback equation based on Sverdrup’s derivation of critical depth is rederived. The equation makes it possible to estimate the density of the standing crop that will maximize production in any given depth of mixing with respect to light. This gives insight into whether light, or other nutrients, grazing, etc. are limiting.
Role of photoinduced heating in transient photoconductivity in CMR materials

Abstract The temperature dependence of the photoconductivity of La1−xSrxMnO3 colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) films and single crystals has been studied using visible pulsed radiation. The responses in films and crystals have similar appearance but are in different time scales. Critical reduction of the relaxation rate was observed in vicinity of the transition temperature. The experimental results are explained with a simple thermodynamic model accounting for the latent heat of ferromagnetic transition as well as heat conduction and redistribution processes.
Feasibility of Energy Harvesting for Powering Wireless Sensors in Transportation Infrastructure Applications

In recent years, wireless sensors technologies are attracted many researchers in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil, mechanical and aerospace systems. Another potential application of wireless sensors is in the Vehicle-Infrastructure Integration (VII) which is an initiative by the U.S. Department of Transportation to improve road safety and reduce congestion, through as part of its Intelligent Transportation System program. However, fundamental issues remain unresolved before a broad application of the wireless SHM or VII sensor network concept is the question of sustainable power source for each independent sensor mounted on infrastructures. With a vast number of sensors nodes/networks in the infrastructure, connecting them to the grid power source is simply uneconomical in the era of wireless technology. The other option, which is providing power to each sensor from battery sources, has its own setbacks, as batteries can only provide power for a limited period, have to be replaced periodically (often difficult and costly), and their disposal creates environmental hazard. This study addresses the feasibility of energy harvesting from the ambient vibration of transportation infrastructures to power wireless sensors. Based on the vibration responses from simulation and field tests, vehicle induced vibrations on bridge and pavement were obtained and the theoretical power output from such vibration sources were computed. The expected results from this study will be demonstrated by avoiding complex wiring to the sensors by which the associated cost of wiring and batteries will be significantly reduced, and at the same time the technology can easily be deployed, meaning it is one step forward in improving the SHM and VII applications.
Sputter Deposition of Indium Nitride on The (111) Face of Elemental and Compound Semiconductors

The structure, morphology, and transport properties of thin films of InN grown on several cubic semiconductors has been studied as a function of substrate temperature. Films were deposited using rf-magnetron sputtering onto the (111) face of GaAs, Ge, Si and ZrO2. In general, the film structure is such that (00.1)InN parallels the (111) plane of the cubic substrate above some deposition temperature. The in-plane structural coherence duplicates the magnitude of the calculated lattice mismatch between InN and the substrate. Electrical transport properties for growth onto (111) ZrO2 were characterized by n-type carrier concentration and mobilities ranging up to 44 cm2 /Vsec. A morphology-induced decrease in electrical mobility is observed for deposition temperatures above 350°C, as shown by SEM.
Convergence and discriminant: assessing multiple traits using multiple methods

Multiple traits of language proficiency as well as test method effects were concurrently analyzed to investigate interrelations of construct validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity using multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrices. A total of 585 test takers' scores were derived from the field test of the Pearson Test of English Academic. An MTMM confirmatory factor analysis model was parameterized using 4 traits and 3 assessment methods. The 4 traits included listening, reading, speaking, and integrated skills, while the 3 methods included prescribed multiple-choice responses, constructed responses, and summarized responses. The trait factor loadings were systematically greater than those of methods, providing evidence that the indicators were strongly related to their latent constructs, after adjusting for the method effects. The results showed robust convergent validity, moderate discriminant validity, and insignificant method effects. Implications are discussed.
IntSim: A CAD tool for optimization of multilevel interconnect networks

Interconnect issues are becoming increasingly important for ULSI systems. IntSim, an interconnect CAD tool, has been developed to obtain pitches of different wiring levels and die size for circuit blocks or logic cores of microchips. It includes a methodology for co-optimization of signal, power and clock interconnects, and a newly derived stochastic wiring distribution that gives reduced error than prior work when compared to measured data. Results of IntSim are found to match well with actual data from an analyzed microprocessor. Several case studies are conducted to show this CAD tool's utility as a system level simulator: (i) Wire resistivity increases due to size effects are projected to increase die size of a 22 nm low power logic core by 30% and power by 7%. (ii) When compared to a 22 nm low power logic core with copper interconnects, a similar logic core with carbon nanotube interconnects could reduce power by 25% and die area by 27%, or increase frequency by 15% and reduce die area by 11%. (iii) A future 22 nm 8 GHz 96 M gate logic core's power, die size and optimal multilevel interconnect architecture are predicted. A version of IntSim with a graphical user interface is available for download from www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/gsigroup.
Birefringence and Order of Liquid Crystal Polymer Solutions

Birefringence measurements of nematic solutions of the poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole), PBT, using interference between the ordinary and extraordinary waves created when a plane polarized wave enters the crystal, are described. The measured birefringence is high, e.g., ne - no varies from 0.05 to 0.09 at 633 nm for polymer concentrations 4x10-2 ≺ c ≺ 10x10-2(g/cm3). These data are discussed with the implications they have on the order parameter in these solutions.
Comparison of Three Methods Used to Obtain a Neutral Plaster Foot Impression

The purpose of our study was to compare the forefoot-to-hindfoot angles obtained from three methods used to obtain a neutral plaster impression of the foot. The three methods were 1) supine nonweight-bearing (S), 2) prone nonweight-bearing (P), and 3) sitting semiweight-bearing (SW). We obtained foot casts from both feet of 11 female subjects for each of the three methods and used a manual goniometer to measure the forefoot-to-hindfoot angle for each pair of casts. The F ratios were significant for the variables left-right foot (p less than .0001) and impression method (p less than .001) using a within-subject two-factor analysis of variance. The impression methods S and P were found to be significantly different from SW, but not significantly different from each other, using a Tukey's post hoc comparison. The results indicate that the same forefoot-to-hindfoot alignment can be obtained using either the S or P method but not with the SW method.
Lifetime Measurements in Sn II

Lifetime measurements are reported for levels arising from the 5s25d and 5s24f configurations in Sn II. Measured decay curves were jointly analyzed using the Arbitrarily Normalized Decay Curve (ANDC) method to remove the effects of cascade repopulation from the determination of the lifetimes of the 5s25d 2D3/2 level. The branching ratio of the decay of this level to the ground term fine-structure levels 2P1/2 and 2P3/2 was carefully measured, and we have obtained an accurate value for the absorption oscillator strength of the resonance transition to this level at 1400.52 A. The results are discussed in the context of interpreting vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra observed with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope.
Reducing signal distortion due to transmission error via multiresolution digital modulations

Although the different bits in a pulse code modulation (PCM) word that represent the level of quantized analog samples require different degrees of error protection, this factor is rarely taken into account in traditional digital wireless communication system designs. Multiresolution modulation schemes that consist of nonuniformly spaced symbols allow for unequal error protection (UEP) of transmitted bits within a symbol according to their importance. In this article, we investigate the problem of matching asymmetrical phase shift keying (PSK) modulations with the multiresolution temporal waveform coding scheme to minimize the effect of transmission errors in 1-D and 2-D analog signals. We show that both the mean and the variance of signal distortion can be reduced considerably, especially when the channel condition deteriorates, by mapping the PCM bits to a suitable asymmetric PSK signal constellation such that the most significant bits have a lower probability of being in error than the least significant bits. This embedding gain can be translated into energy and/or spectral efficiency improvement over the baseline uniform PSK case for a specified distortion level.
On ferrite loop antenna measurements

A general discussion relating to the application of small loop antennas with air and ferrite cores is given. A general procedure for simplified testing of ferrite-loaded magnetic-type small antennas is outlined in which radio-frequency radiation performance is expressed in terms of quantities easily measured at audio frequencies. Only a single measurement is needed to characterize the elementary-dipole-type ferrite-loaded antenna. Finally, a number of measurement results are given which apply to the usual rod-type ferrite-loaded loop antenna: measurement parameters cover a broad range of core lengts and diameters. It is found that typical ferrite-loaded loops have little electrical advantage over air loops although the packaging advantage of ferrite loops may be significant.
Trigonometric solution from apparent dip

The apparent-dip problem may be solved easily, quickly, and accurately by elementary trigonometry.
Effect of mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and sediments on fluoranthene biodegradation patterns

The biodegradation of fluoranthene, alone and in mixtures with naphthalene and acenaphthene, was studied in systems with and without sediments. In sediment-free systems, fluoranthene was not degraded when present alone or in combination with acenaphthene but was degraded when combined with naphthalene. Naphthalene and acenaphthene degradation were not influenced by fluoranthene. In sediment-containing systems, fluoranthene degradation occurred only in the presence of naphthalene. After complete degradation of naphthalene, fluoranthene degradation stopped. Experiments using all three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in both sediment-free and -containing systems showed results similar to those obtained using pairs.
Factors Affecting Nitrogen Dissolution in Sodium Metaphosphate Glass

The preparation of sodium phosphate oxynitride (Na-P-O-N) glasses was investigated in dry ammonia, forming gas and 90% N2+ 10% CO atmospheres. Significant nitrogen dissolution, up to 13 wt% in a NaPO3 melt, occurred only in ammonia. The kinetics of nitrogen dissolution was studied as a function of remelting time (1 to 96 h) and temperature (660° to 760°C). Higher temperature accelerates nitrogen dissolution, but the temperature should not exceed 760°C. Great improvement in chemical durability occurs with nitrogen dissolution in a NaPO3 melt. Other property changes reported include softening temperature, thermal expansion coefficient, refractive index, microhardness, etc. A double chain structure model is proposed for the Na-P-O-N glass.
An integrated reasoning approach to moral decision-making

We present a computational model, MoralDM, which integrates several AI techniques in order to model recent psychological findings on moral decision-making. Current theories of moral decision-making extend beyond pure utilitarian models by relying on contextual factors that vary with culture. MoralDM uses a natural language system to produce formal representations from psychological stimuli, to reduce tailorability. The impacts of secular versus sacred values are modeled via qualitative reasoning, using an order of magnitude representation. MoralDM uses a combination of first-principles reasoning and analogical reasoning to determine consequences and utilities when making moral judgments. We describe how MoralDM works and show that it can model psychological results and improve its performance via accumulating examples.
Defining Religious Terrorism: A Causal and Anthological Profile

This research is geared toward theory building by alleviating some of the lacunae in three areas of study. First, it redefines what terrorism is by refocusing the definition away from politics and the mens rea of terror to its criminal actus reus. In this endeavor, it proposes a unifying definition that is viable for global assessment and under standing, while being conducive to international military and law enforcement cooperation. The definition is proposed to accommodate the international laws of reciprocity, community, and political framework, without compromising terrorism's criminal liabilities. Second, it defines what a religious terrorist is by using a convergence of psychometric measures from 356 suicide-bombers, taped self-immolations of 15 terrorists and 918 zealots, and triangulated anthologies. Among the outcomes of this mixed-method design is an empowering 32-trait profile of a religious terrorist that is ethno-religious specific and user friendly. Third, it introduces the concept of Intern...
Comparing monotic and diotic selective auditory attention abilities in children.

Purpose Some researchers have assessed ear-specific performance of auditory processing ability using speech recognition tasks with normative data based on diotic administration. The present study i...
Effect of Human Milk and its Components on Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Formation

Objective: This study investigated the effects of human breast milk and its components on the nutritional aspect of the caries process due to Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilm formation. Study design: Human breast milk was collected from 11 mothers during 3-9 months postpartum. To test for the effect on biofilm formation, a 16-hour culture of S. mutans was treated with dilutions of human breast milk and several major components of human breast milk, lactose, lactoferrin, IgA, and bovine casein in sterile 96-well flat bottom microtiter plates for 24 hours. The biofilms were fixed, washed, stained with crystal violet, and extracted. Absorbance was measured to evaluate biofilm growth mass. Results: Dilutions 1:10-1:2,560 of the human breast milk samples increased biofilm formation by 1.5-3.8 fold compared to the control. Lactoferrin decreased biofilm formation significantly in all dilutions (average milk concentration of 3 mg/ml). Lactose had no effect at average breast milk concentrations (60 mg/ml) except...
New Results on Double Charmonium Production in e+e- Annihilation at $\sqrt{s} \approx 10.6~{\rm GeV}$ with the Belle Detector

Extending a previous analysis1 the double charmonium production and has been investigated with a data set of 155 fb-1 with the Belle detector. Theoretical predictions for the cross section are one order of magnitude lower than the measured value and this discrepancy is still not understood. In a very recent update with a dataset of 285 fb-1 strong evidence for a new charmonium state at a mass of 3.940 GeV was found.
Spatial Modeling and Landscape Characterization of an African Pastoral Ecosystem: A Prototype Model and its Potential Use for Monitoring Drought

Rainfall variation is probably the single most important determinant of changes in ecological condition in sub-Saharan Africa. Ecological indicators for these regions must consider ecosystem responses to rainfall fluctuations that affect plant growth and thus the quantity and spatial distribution of food for livestock and human populations. Much of sub-Saharan Africa is climatically arid to semiarid. Livestock products are the principal source of food for a large number of subsistence pastoralists in these climatic zones and they are an important food source for non-pastoralists as well. The fraction of human nutrition derived from livestock is generally greater in more arid zones. Where rainfall tends to be unpredictable in space and in time, pastoralists tend to be increasingly nomadic.
Driving and dementia: dilemmas and decisions.

Dementia may compromise the competence and safety of an older driver. Persons with dementing diseases frequently experience disturbances in memory, language, orientation, visual spatial skills, and the ability to perform complex tasks. Safety cannot be increased by training or modifications to the vehicle, nor can those afflicted be expected to exercise sound judgment. Individuals may become lost on familiar streets, fail to follow directional signs, and drive at inappropriate speeds. This paper will provide an overview of state licensing provisions, physician responsibilities, and a clinical approach to address and manage the driver with dementia. Language: en