cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Independent or synergistic? Effects of varying size and using pictorial images in tobacco health warning labels.

Abstract Introduction Legal challenges have blocked the implementation of large, pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) in the U.S. In light of future legal questions the U.S. Food and Drug Administration may face in proposing alternative HWLs, we examined whether less restrictive HWL versions on the front of packs—smaller HWLs and/or text-only HWLs that do not include pictorial imagery—may be sufficient to promote cognitive and affective outcomes associated with smoking cessation. Methods We recruited low-income smokers in two separate experiments through field-based recruitment methods (Study 1, N = 497) or Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) (Study 2, N = 495). In both studies, we randomly assigned participants to a no-HWL control condition or one of four HWL conditions in a 2 (pictorial vs. text-only) × 2 (50% vs. 30% size) between-subjects design. Results Relative to text-only HWLs, pictorial HWLs increased negative affect but not risk belief acceptance, cognitive elaboration about smoking harms, or quit intentions. The 50% HWLs increased quit intentions relative to the control condition in both studies. The 50% HWLs also outperformed the 30% HWLs in promoting quit intentions in Study 2. Subsequent analyses revealed that this effect in Study 2 may have been driven by the 50% HWLs strengthening the relationship between risk-related thoughts and intentions, although there was no evidence for this pattern in Study 1. We found no evidence for interaction effects between the pictorial and size manipulations. Conclusions Our findings suggest that 50% HWLs, whether pictorial or text-only, can encourage low-income smokers to consider quitting under some conditions.
Thermal Conductivity of Thermal Interface Materials Evaluated By a Transient Plane Source Method

The thermal conductivity of thermal interface materials (TIMs) has been studied using a transient plane source (TPS) method. In thermoelectric generators designed for vehicle waste heat recovery, high thermal conductivity materials are needed for the cold-side interface between a polyamide flexible circuit and an aluminum plate heat exchanger. The conventional heat flow method described by ASTM D5470 is often used to determine thermal contact resistance of an interface with a thin layer of interface material. The apparent thermal conductivity values provided by materials manufacturers are used to calculate heat transfer through the interface. However, estimated parameters based on the thermal conductivity of a TIM often do not agree with the actual heat transfer through the interface. Thermal conductivity of a series of 10 commercial TIMs were evaluated by applying a small quantity to an embedded TPS sensor. The 2-mm radius sensor was able to operate under standard bulk material measurement mode and produced consistent thermal conductivity measurements of the interface materials. The TPS method is shown to be effective in ranking the available interface materials by thermal conductivity and to ensure that the material with consistent performance can be selected for the thermoelectric generator applications.
Analysis of Melanin Structure and Biochemical Composition in Conjunctival Melanocytic Lesions Using Pump-Probe Microscopy.

Purpose We analyze melanin structure and biochemical composition in conjunctival melanocytic lesions using pump-probe microscopy to assess the potential for this method to assist in melanoma diagnosis. Methods Pump-probe microscopy interrogates transient excited-state photodynamic properties of absorbing molecules, which yields highly specific molecular information with subcellular spatial resolution. This method is applied to analyze melanin in 39 unstained, thin biopsy specimens of melanocytic conjunctival lesions. Quantitative features of the biochemical composition and structure of melanin in histopathologic specimens are assessed using a geometric representation of principal component analysis (PCA) and principles of mathematical morphology. Diagnostic power is determined using a feature selection algorithm combined with cross validation. Results Conjunctival melanomas show higher biochemical heterogeneity and different overall biochemical composition than primary acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva (PAM) without severe atypia. The molecular signatures of PAMs with severe atypia more closely resemble melanomas than other types of PAMs. Pigment organization in the tissue becomes more disorganized as diagnosis of the lesions worsen, but nevi are more inconsistent biochemically and structurally than other lesions. Relatively high sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) is achieved for differentiating between various melanocytic lesions, particularly PAMs without severe atypia and melanomas (SE = 89%; SP = 87%). Conclusions Pump-probe microscopy is a powerful tool that can identify quantitative, phenotypic differences between various types of conjunctival melanocytic lesions. Translational Relevance This study further validates the use of pump-probe microscopy as a potential diagnostic aid for histopathologic evaluation of conjunctival melanocytic lesions.
Elucidating High School Biology Teachers’ Knowledge of Students’ Conceptions Regarding Natural Selection

The purpose of the current study was to explore and further elucidate secondary teachers’ knowledge of students’ conceptions (KOSC) on the topic of evolution by natural selection. Prior research has documented students’ natural selection conceptions, but allowing the opportunity for teachers to describe their own students’ conceptions can permit more novel dimensions of student conceptions to emerge, especially since teachers possess a specialized knowledge of their students. Using teacher interviews, student artifacts, and video-recorded classroom observations as data sources, the study employed a grounded theory approach to document the KOSC for natural selection from four biology teachers in a high-needs public high school in the southwestern United States. Results indicated the teachers identified student conceptions consistent with prior research, but also identified novel dimensions of KOSC including how students use their everyday experiences to think about natural selection. The teachers’ KOSC was then confirmed through classroom observations and student artifacts. The study’s findings provide an elaborated framing with which to better understand and leverage student conceptions—which are fundamental in reform-oriented instructional approaches.
Memories of math: Narrative predictors of math affect, math motivation, and future math plans

Abstract This mixed-methods study focuses on narratives that undergraduates tell about pivotal moments (i.e., turning points) in their prior history with math. A key objective was to examine whether these turning points would be associated with participants’ current math affect, math motivation, and future plans with math. Undergraduate participants (N = 210) completed quantitative measures assessing math anxiety, math self-expectancy, and math value, and also wrote narratives about a turning point with math and their future math plans. Thematic analysis revealed four themes in the math turning point narratives: (1) redemption, (2) contamination, (3) consistently positive, and (4) consistently negative. Quantitative analyses indicated that participants who wrote consistently positive narratives reported significantly lower math anxiety and higher math self-expectancy and math value relative to participants who wrote other types of narratives. Further, participants who wrote consistently negative turning point narratives were more likely to indicate that they would avoid math in the future. These results suggest that an individual’s memory of their early math experiences can color their math affect, math motivation, and plans for pursuing math in the future, even years after the experience has occurred. Implications for math education are discussed.
Page Kidney Complicating Kidney Biopsy after Stopping Apixaban: A Physician's Dilemma.

Page kidney was described by Page, following very elaborate experiments with animal kidneys in 1939, with persistent arterial hypertension from “cellophane perinephritis.” Subsequently, it was reported after trauma, from renal cysts and tumors, and from intrarenal hematoma complicating percutaneous kidney biopsy. We describe Page kidney associated with acute kidney injury 26 days after an uncomplicated ultrasound-guided right native kidney biopsy. Patient was on Apixaban, a non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) for atrial fibrillation which was withheld 3 days before the procedure. It was restarted 3 days after. The evidence-base supporting guidelines and recommendations for the peri-procedural management of the NOACs is inadequate, sparse, and often conflicted. More research is warranted.
The nursing of 15 patients after gynecological operation complication with incomplete ileus

Objective To explore the nursing of 15 patients after gynecological operation complication with incomplete ileus.Methods The clinical data of 15 case gynecological operation complication with incomplete ileus were analyzed retrospectively.Results All of 15 cases were successfully cured by conservative medication.Conclusions The effective nursing can promote the recovery of the patients after gynecological operation complication with incomplete ileus. Key words: Gynecological operation; Ileus; Nursing
U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges rankings: Which institutional metrics contribute to sustained stratification?

Universities compete to improve their ranking in the different ranking systems and expend resources toward this goal. Higher rankings attract elite students, research funds, government and public support, among other benefits. However, perhaps the most influential ranking system in U.S. contexts—the U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges rankings—has largely remained unchanged for decades, leading researchers to question how highly-ranked institutions remain atop the rankings. As a result, the focus of this study was to examine all institutions reporting complete statistics to U.S. News in 2018 (n = 228) and develop experimental algorithms to learn which ranking criteria most contribute to an institution’s overall ranking. Of the 28 major ranking metrics, most algorithms demonstrated that predicted graduation rate, six-year graduation rate, and peer assessment best predicted overall U.S. News ranking. However, predicted graduation rate and peer assessment are highly subjective and speculative in nature, possibly contributing to the sustained stratification of U.S. News rankings.
Reading Outcomes in Elementary School–Age Children With Hearing Loss Who Use Listening and Spoken Language: A Preliminary Report

Purpose This study examined reading outcomes and a comprehensive set of linguistic and cognitive factors considered to be associated with reading outcomes in children with hearing loss who use hear...
Cognitive control of action naming in adults who stutter.

Abstract Purpose Based on previous evidence that cognitive control of lexical selection in object (noun) naming operates differently in adults who stutter (AWS) versus typically-fluent adults (TFA), the aim was to investigate cognitive control of lexical selection in action (verb) naming in AWS. Method 12 AWS and 12 TFA named line drawings depicting actions using verbs. Half of the pictures had high-agreement action names and the other half low-agreement action names. Naming accuracy and reaction times (RT), and event-related potentials (ERPs) time-locked to picture onset, were compared between groups. Results Naming RTs were slower for low- versus high-agreement trials, and the magnitude of this effect was larger in AWS versus TFA. Delta-plot analysis of naming RTs revealed that individual differences in selective inhibition were associated with the agreement effect on naming RTs in AWS but not TFA. Action naming elicited frontal-central N2 activity in both agreement conditions in TFA but not AWS. Additionally, a later, posterior P3b component was affected by agreement in TFA only. In AWS, low-agreement action naming elicited frontal P3a activation. Conclusions Results suggest that cognitive control of action name selection was qualitatively different between groups. In TFA, cognitive control of lexical selection in action naming involved nonselective inhibition, as well as more efficient working memory updating on high- versus low-agreement trials. In AWS, cognitive control of low-agreement action naming involved increased focal attention. Individual differences in selective inhibition may have moderated cognitive control of action naming in AWS.
Configuration of boundary scan chain for optimal testing of clusters of non boundary scan devices

Testing of boards containing a mixture of boundary scan components and clusters of non-boundary scan devices is considered. If a tester cannot contact the non-scan circuitry, the inputs and outputs of onboard boundary scan devices may be used as virtual tester pins. In this case, the time for testing the clusters depends on how the boundary scan chips are connected into a longer scan chain. A technique for configuring a chain of boundary scan chips to minimize the test time for clusters is presented. >
It is a Movement, not a Moment: Utilizing Hope Theory to Situate Kinesiology in the Path for Social Justice: National Association for Kinesiology in Higher Education 55th Amy Morris Homans Commemorative Lecture 2021

Advancing the cause of equity throughout kinesiology is as much about the how as it is about what. Moving the needle toward more equitable policies, practices, and outcomes for minoritized individu...
Courtesy stigma and self-care practices among rural HIV/AIDS healthcare providers

Stigma by association, or “courtesy stigma,” is defined as public disapproval for associating with a perceived stigmatized group. Using an audience response system (ARS), rural HIV/AIDS healthcare ...
A Fast and Efficient Change-point Detection Framework based on Approximate $k$-Nearest Neighbor Graphs

Change-point analysis is thriving in this big data era to address problems arising in many fields where massive data sequences are collected to study complicated phenomena over time. It plays an important role in processing these data by segmenting a long sequence into homogeneous parts for follow-up studies. The task requires the method to be able to process large datasets quickly and deal with various types of changes for high-dimensional data. We propose a new approach making use of approximate $k$-nearest neighbor information from the observations, and derive an analytic formula to control the type I error. The time complexity of our proposed method is $O(dn\log n+nk^2)$ for an $n$-length sequence of $d$-dimensional data. The test statistic we consider incorporates a useful pattern for moderate- to high- dimensional data so that the proposed method could detect various types of changes in the sequence. The new approach is also asymptotic distribution-free, facilitating its usage for a broader community. We apply our method to an fMRI dataset and a Neuropixels dataset to illustrate its effectiveness.
Ground control points refresh for MODIS and VIIRS geolocation monitoring

The Control Point Matching(CPM) program and a set of over 1200 globally distributed ground control points (GCPs ) have been successfully used to develop more than 20 years of MODIS geolocation products. In this research, we refresh current GCP library with more than 2500 new GCPs using the latest Landsat 8 Collection 2 images. The refreshed GCPs are distributedfrom56 S to 80 N latitude, with more than 2000 shoreline and 500 inland GCP chips. The size of these GCPs are extended from 800*800 to 1400*1400 Landsat pixels and the CPM program correspondingly increases the searching distance from0.8 pixels to 2.5 pixels, which also extends the geolocation error measurement from+/-45 to the edge of scan at +/-55 degree in scan angle. This will allow the algorithm to catch geolocation errors that are larger than one MODIS pixel. The geolocation errors measured with the refreshed GCP library are comparable to the previous results, yet with 2-3 more times of matched GCPs. The daytime Aqua ascending orbits and Terra descending orbits enable us to identify a few GCP outliers which might be due to the quality of the original Landsat images. Most importantly, the refreshed GCP library will include images from both Landsat band 4 to match with VII RS I1, and Landsat band 6 to match with VIIRS I3. This will allow us to measure and correct on orbit band-to-band registration at both track and scan directions, which will help understanding and improving future JPSS mission’s prelaunch geometric performance.
Interactional Justice, Negotiator Outcome Satisfaction, and the Desire for Future Negotiations: The Mediating Roles of Counterfactual Generation and Trust

Why are outcomes experienced as more or less satisfying? Why do some negotiations end with one party desiring to deepen and to extend his or her relationship with the other party and to engage in further negotiation episodes while others end with one party desiring to cut short any relationship with the other party, to avoid him or her in future negotiating episodes, and to seek some other party with whom to negotiate in the future? This study invokes organizational justice theories to model negotiator outcome satisfaction and desire for future negotiation. Negotiator outcome satisfaction is expected to be a function of interactional justice perceptions, distributive justice perceptions, and upward counterfactuals. Interactional justice perceptions are predicted to elicit counterfactuals such that perceived unfair treatment elicits upward counterfactuals. The relationship between interactional justice perceptions and negotiator outcome satisfaction is expected to be mediated by upward counterfactuals. Desire to negotiate with a given party in the future is expected to be a function of outcome satisfaction and interactional justice perceptions. The relationship between interactional jusice perceptions and desire for future negotiations is predicted to be mediated by trust. All hypotheses are supported.
Our Town: A Heartland Lynching, A Haunted Town, and the Hidden History of White America

Review of: "Our Town: A Heartland Lynching, a Haunted Town, and the Hidden History of White America," by Cynthia Carr.
Development of a predictive collision avoidance for subjective adjacent risk estimation

In this paper, we have considered the development of predictive collision avoidance as an individual driver behavior modeling. First, our investigation focuses on developing a subjective collision risk estimation model. Through the game theoretic estimation of the counterpart's behaviors and the corresponding time-evolution of the unsafe collision areas, we compute an objective collision model. In turn, we design a human-like predictive perception model for the collision with an adjacent vehicle, based on the objective collision model and the driver's subjective level of safety assurance. Next, a driving controller is designed to optimally avoid the anticipated collision for the prediction time horizon using model predictive control, which is founded on the subjective collision estimate that varies for every individual who has different aggressiveness. Simulation results indicate that the subject vehicle can react to the surrounding vehicles even without immediate actions from the counterpart. This simulates a typical driver's reasoning in view of his/her disposition so that the driver's reaction in response to roadway traffic is appropriately considered.
Comparing the quality of multiple descriptions of multimedia documents

With the definition of the MPEG-7 standard, thanks to its inter-operability behaviors, it is now possible for applications to use content descriptions of a same document, coming from different sources. This implies that the overall information available at the application can be highly redundant and mechanisms for filtering the information are hence required. In this work, a general approach to descriptions integration is proposed. The idea is to manipulate information readily available from the considered descriptions to reach an accurate integration result, without having to reprocess the multimedia material. The proposed general framework has been applied at a real problem showing how segment decompositions can be integrated on the basis of dominant color descriptors series. This work introduces also the concept of reliability of descriptor extraction methods demonstrating how it can be effectively used through the proposed integration process.
Exposure to ozone shifts natural killer cells co-cultured with epithelial cells towards a type II phenotype

Nasal epithelial cells (NECs) are one of the first targets for air pollutants, such as ozone. Previous studies in our lab have demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are an important immune cell population in the nose. NK cells and NECs interact with each other via receptor-ligand interactions as well as soluble mediators. NK cells are an important source for type I cytokines, like IFN-γ, but also type II cytokines, like IL-4. Yet, whether and how exposure to air pollutants affects this interactions and changes NK cell phenotypes is not known. Differentiated NECs were exposed to ozone (O3; 0.4ppm, 4hrs). 2hrs after exposure peripheral blood NK cells were added to the apical side to establish co-cultures. At 24hrs post-exposure, both cell types were examined for changes in surface marker and intracellular cytokine expression by flow cytometry. Exposure to O3 significantly increased the expression of the NK cell ligands MICA/B and ULBP3 on NECs in co-cultures. NK cell surface markers NKG2D, NKp46 and CXCR3 were not affected by co-culture with O3-exposed NECs. Expression of CD16, a cytotoxicity marker, and Granzyme B, a marker of cytolytic NK cells, were enhanced in co-cultures with O3-exposed NECs. Intracellular IFN-γ was decreased and IL-4 was significantly increased in NK cells co-cultured with O3-exposed NECs. O3-induced changes in the microenvironment of NECs change NK cell phenotypes from a type I (high IFN-γ) to a type II (high IL-4) immunophenotype. These data indicate that exposure of NEC to O3 changes interactions with resident immune cells, such as NK cells, shifting the immune phenotype which likely affects the ability to fight invading pathogens.
Does the case study have a future in the psychiatric literature

Case studies (that is, case-based research) and their status in contemporary psychiatric literature are the main focus of this article. In essence, it evaluates the validity of such research to determine whether or not it will continue to be useful as a viable tool in light of the current emphasis on empirically validated research in the field of psychiatry. Various implications of the role of case studies are considered, including the ways in which the research might be designed to be more rigorous so that it can serve as the basis for drawing causal inferences in clinical cases. A discussion section highlights the future direction of case-based research in the professional literature and how it may be used to best advantage as a learning tool.
Waits To See An Emergency Department Physician: U.S. Trends And Predictors, 1997–2004

As emergency department (ED) patient volumes increase throughout the United States, are patients waiting longer to see an ED physician? We evaluated the change in wait time to see an ED physician from 1997 to 2004 for all adult ED patients, patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and patients whom triage personnel designated as needing “emergent” attention. Increases in wait times of 4.1 percent per year occurred for all patients but were especially pronounced for patients with AMI, for whom waits increased 11.2 percent per year. Blacks, Hispanics, women, and patients seen in urban EDs waited longer than other patients did.
Models of treatment effects when responses are heterogeneous

Heckman and Vytlacil (1) synthesize and extend a recent body of research in economics and statistics on the identification and estimation of treatment effects when the subjects have heterogeneous responses. This research has demonstrated the importance of distinguishing between several different types of treatment effects and the need to establish firmly the relationship between the different types. Heckman and Vytlacil (H&V) distinguish between four different types: average treatment effects (ATE), effects of the treatment on the treated (TT), local average treatment effects (LATE), and local instrumental variable (LIV) treatment effects. Each is conceptually different, and each has a different set of conditions for identification. The research discussed by H&V represents a genuine advance and clarification of concepts in models of treatment effects.
Combustion of a submerged gaseous oxidizer jet in a liquid metal

This investigation is concerned with the combustion of a gaseous oxidizer jet discharging through an injector submerged in a bath containing a molten metal fuel. Conditions were limited to high injector Reynolds numbers, which generates a turbulent two-phase forced jet as opposed to a stream of individual bubbles. Experiments were conducted using chlorine as the oxidizer with sodium as the fuel. The extent of the gaseous portion of the flow, which corresponds to the flame length in more conventional systems, was observed with x-rays for a range of bath operating conditions. Temperature measurements were made along the centerline of the jet, in the region downstream of the active combustion zone. The two-phase turbulent combustion process was analyzed in a manner similar to conventional diffusion flames. A variable density single-fluid model was used to represent the two-phase mixture, in conjunction with an entrainment assumption appropriate for systems with large density differences between the jet and the ambient fluid. The theory provided an expression which correlated the present combustion length results; earlier measurements of flame lengths for gaseous forced turbulent diffusion flames; and, earlier measurements of vapor penetration length in two-phase condensing jets (by analogy). A similar correlation was also obtained between the centerline enthalpy decrement of the present combustion process, and scalar quantities in more conventional turbulent jet systems. In regard to both combustion lengths and centerline quantities, the large density difference between the injected and ambient materials in the present system, results in a substantial extension of the range of data for these correlations. Consideration of the thermodynamics of the metal combustion process also indicates conditions of operation where the extent of the gaseous portion of the flow is controlled by the recondensation of combustion product vapors, rather than consumption of the oxidizer.
Androgens and agonistic behavior in mice: relevance to aggression and irrelevance to avoidance-of-attack.

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to clarify the role of the androgens in determining the form and intensity of agonistic responses. Although varying androgen levels affected aggressiveness, changes in the levels of these gonadal hormones did not affect the tendency to avoid attack. Thus, although some hormones affect both the aggression and avoidance components of agonistic responding, the androgens affect only the aggression component. The implications of these findings for an understanding of the relationship among agonistic responses were considered.
The Peasant World View: Italy and India

Non c'e niente da fare ("There is nothing that can be done") is an expression of futility that resounds through the villages of southern Italy as an expression of peasant disbelief in the efficacy of any concerted, rational action to improve his "world of misery." There is nothing that can be done is also applied to the Italian peasant himself by those who, having tried to help him, conclude that peasants are irrational, stupido, uncooperative, and ungrateful. Hundreds of young Italians active in the humanistic movements of men like Adriano Olivetti and Danilo Dolci have turned away from rural social reform in dillusionment and despair to enter teaching or business in the more "rational" north. The same theme permeates discussions with Indians who (inspired by Gandhi, Nehru, and Vinoba Bhave) have found only hostility, inertia, frustration, and dispair after working for years in Indian villages.
Physical activity levels of patients undergoing bariatric surgery in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery study

Background- Bariatric surgery candidates' physical activity (PA) level may contribute to the variability of weight loss and body composition changes following bariatric surgery. However there is little research describing the PA of patients undergoing bariatric surgery to inform PA recommendations in preparation for and following surgery. Objectives- Describe PA assessment in the LABS-2 study and report pre-surgery PA level. Examine relationships between objectively determined PA level and 1) BMI and 2) self-reported purposeful exercise. Setting- Six sites in the U.S. Methods- Participants wore an accelerometer and completed a PA diary. Standardized measures of height and weight were obtained. Results- Of 757 participants 20% were sedentary (<5000 steps/day) 34% low active (5000-7499 steps/day) 27% somewhat active (7500-9999 steps/day) 14% active (10000-12499 steps/day) and 6% were highly active (greater than or equal to 12500 steps/day). BMI was inversely related to mean steps/day and mean steps/minute during the most active 30 minutes each day. The most commonly reported activities were walking 44%; gardening 11%; playing with children 10%; and stretching 7%. Self-report of minutes of exercise accounted for 2% of the variance in objectively determined steps. Conclusion- Patients present for bariatric surgery with a wide range of PA levels with almost half categorized as somewhat active or active. BMI is inversely related to total amount and intensity of PA. Few patients report a regular pre-operative exercise regimen suggesting most PA is accumulated from activities of daily living. Patient report of daily minutes of walking or exercise may not be a reliable indication of their PA level. Originally published Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases Vol. 4 No. 6 Nov-Dec 2008
Quantifying stormflow components in a Pennsylvania watershed when 18O input and storm conditions vary

Abstract Four major storms occurring on a 7.4 km2 Pennsylvania watershed during May–June 1990 were used to examine methods for isotopically separating surface and subsurface stormflow components when the 18O variability in rainfall is known. Rainfalls and the resulting stormflows were incrementally sampled and analyzed for 18O, Si, Na, Cl, Mg, and NO3. Compared with conventionally used methods that input rainfall as a whole-storm value, analysis of the 18O data by peak rainfall periods rather than by total storm changed the separations the most. In contrast, substituting incremental for total-storm averaging of rainfall 18O input caused much less change. When the peak and incremental averaging approaches for 18O were combined into a single method, the 18O-based separations corresponded to the silica-based separations for all storms and Na-based separations for the largest storms. The peak-based methods estimate subsurface contributions to stormflow to be substantially larger than would be estimated by conventionally used total-storm methods.
Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Treatment of Heterotopic Ossification of the Hip After Prior Hip Arthroscopy

Background The incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) after hip arthroscopy reportedly ranges from less than 1.0% to 6.3%. Although open debridement has been described and a few series mention arthroscopic debridement, the techniques for arthroscopic excision of HO have not been described in detail. We describe the arthroscopic treatment of this complication.
Dose reduction using prior image constrained compressed sensing (DR-PICCS)

A technique for dose reduction using prior image constrained compressed sensing (DR-PICCS) in computed tomography (CT) is proposed in this work. In DR-PICCS, a standard FBP reconstructed image is forward projected to get a fully sampled projection data set. Meanwhile, it is low-pass filtered and used as the prior image in the PICCS reconstruction framework. Next, the prior image and the forward projection data are used together by the PICCS algorithm to obtain a low noise DR-PICCS reconstruction, which maintains the spatial resolution of the original FBP images. The spatial resolution of DR-PICCS was studied using a Catphan phantom by MTF measurement. The noise reduction factor, CT number change and noise texture were studied using human subject data consisting of 20 CT colonography exams performed under an IRB-approved protocol. In each human subject study, six ROIs (two soft tissue, two colonic air columns, and two subcutaneous fat) were selected for the CT number and noise measurements study. Skewness and kurtosis were used as figures of merit to indicate the noise texture. A Bland-Altman analysis was performed to study the accuracy of the CT number. The results showed that, compared with FBP reconstructions, the MTF curve shows very little change in DR-PICCS reconstructions, spatial resolution loss is less than 0.1 lp/cm, and the noise standard deviation can be reduced by a factor of 3 with DR-PICCS. The CT numbers in FBP and DR-PICCS reconstructions agree well, which indicates that DR-PICCS does not change CT numbers. The noise textures indicators measured from DR-PICCS images are in a similar range as FBP images.
FACTORS AFFECTING COACHING PREFERENCES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

240 Australian high school volleyball players reported significant differences by sex and playing standard on varying subscales of Chelladurai and Saleh's Leadership Scale for Sports. No significant differences were found for players' age on any subscale.
The Concurrent Validity of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test Relative to the Keymath Diagnostic Arithmetic Test among Adolescents.

To investigate the concurrent validity of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test and the KeyMath Diagnostic Arithmetic Test, both instruments were administered to 171 adolescents. Math scores on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test were correlated with all scores on the KeyMath Diagnostic Arithmetic Test. Partial correlation coefficients were computed according to age, sex, race, IQ, and total group. The presence of relatively high and positive partial correlations between the scores supported the concurrent validity of the instruments.
Parameters that Affect the Color of Denture Resins

The effect of specular reflection, background color and specimen thickness on the color of four commercial denture resins was studied by reflection spectrophotometry. Higher values of luminous reflectance and excitation purity were obtained with a white than with a black background, whereas dominant wavelength was lowered slightly.
The Human Genome

The Human Genome is a beautifully assembled and well-written publication, enriched with high-quality photographs and diagrams that will appeal to both students and professional scientists and educators. This seven-chapter book begins with an appropriate foreword by Nobel laureate James Watson, the codiscoverer of the structure of DNA. Watson concludes his remarks with, 'The human genome script that we are now finalizing will be regarded as the most important book ever to be read'. One wonders if even James Watson could have predicted the astounding rate at which the Human Genome Project has accelerated.
Desorption of large organic molecules induced by keV projectiles

In order to understand the emission of organic molecules in sputtering, classical molecular dynamics (MD) is used to model the 5 keV Ar atom bombardment of polystyrene oligomers adsorbed on Ag{1 1 1}. The analysis of the results shows that a significant fraction of the trajectories generates high action events in the sample. These events are characterized by the simultaneous motion of several hundreds of substrate atoms and, oftentimes, by high emission yields of substrate atoms, clusters and polystyrene molecules. Collision trees representing the energetic part of the cascades confirm that high sputtering yields of molecules occur when a large portion of the primary particle energy is quickly dissipated in the upper layers of the silver substrate. This class of events where high action occurs in the surface region might explain the ejection of organic species with a mass of several kilodaltons such as biomolecules and synthetic polymers. In the simulation, these events are capable of desorbing polystyrene molecules of ∼2 kDa.
Body and Abdominal Fat Weight Reduction upon Feed Withdrawal in Coturnix Quail

Coturnix quail are used for human consumption, and loss of live weight prior to slaughter must be minimized. Feed, but not water, was withdrawn from 49-day-old, male Coturnix quail for times (treatments) of 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. Number of quail per treatment ranged from 24 to 26. Body weight decreased as length of feed withdrawal increased, but the difference between treatments 12 and 24 was not significant (P greater than .05). The largest loss in abdominal fat weight (1.10 g) and percentage abdominal fat of body weight (.91%) was between Treatments 0 and 48. The lack of significance (P greater than .05) among Treatments 0, 12, and 24 indicates stability of abdominal fat during 24-hr feed withdrawal. These results indicate that body weight is affected more than abdominal fat weight by feed withdrawal in processing quail.
Overlooked Contribution to the Hall Effect in Ferromagnetic Metals

It is pointed out that in ferromagnetic metals a contribution to the Hall voltage arises when a nonzero spin current exists, which is generally the case in the presence of a charge current. This contribution is independent of any scattering effects and exists down to zero temperature. The sign of the resulting Hall coefficient may be either equal or opposite to the one of the ordinary Hall coefficient depending on the band filling. This effect seems to have been left out in previous analyses of the Hall effect in ferromagnetic metals.
Intradermal administration of fluorescent contrast agents for delivery to axillary lymph nodes

In this proof-of-concept study we seek to demonstrate the delivery of fluorescent contrast agent to the tumor-draining lymph node basin following intraparenchymal breast injections and intradermal arm injection of micrograms of indocyanine green in 20 breast cancer patients undergoing complete axillary lymph node dissection. Individual lymph nodes were assessed ex vivo for presence of fluorescent signal. In all, 88% of tumor-negative lymph nodes and 81% of tumor-positive lymph nodes were fluorescent. These results indicate that future studies utilizing targeted fluorescent contrast agents may demonstrate improved surgical and therapeutic intervention.
A new importance measure for risk-informed decision making

Abstract In this paper, we introduce a new importance measure, the differential importance measure (DIM), for probabilistic safety assessment (PSA). DIM responds to the need of the analyst/decision maker to get information about the importance of proposed changes that affect component properties and multiple basic events. DIM is directly applicable to both the basic events and the parameters of the PSA model. Unlike the Fussell–Vesely (FV), risk achievement worth (RAW), Birnbaum, and criticality importance measures, DIM is additive, i.e. the DIM of groups of basic events or parameters is the sum of the individual DIMs. We discuss the difference between DIM and other local sensitivity measures that are based on normalized partial derivatives. An example is used to demonstrate the evaluation of DIM at both the basic event and the parameter level. To compare the results obtained with DIM at the parameter level, an extension of the definitions of FV and RAW is necessary. We discuss possible extensions and compare the results of the three measures for a more realistic example.
Molecular motion and orientation distributions in melt-processed, fully aromatic liquid crystalline polyesters from 1H NMR

Fully-aromatic thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (LCP) containing 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (HNA) were studied with 1H NMR. A two- or three-parameter nematic director distribution in molten or nearly molten samples was obtained via rigorous simulation of wideline spectral lineshapes. This methodology was further employed to yield the chain director distribution in macroscopic sections derived from a frozen contraction flow. In addition, the dynamic conformation of polymer chains through the melting transition was monitored via lineshape analysis of samples having (bulk) isotropic director distributions. Extension of rigorous 1H NMR spectral deconvolution to recently developed solid-state NMR imaging sequences is discussed.
Recirculation-type Amplatz Clot Macerator: Determination of Particle Size and Distribution

Purpose A high-speed mechanical clot macerator was tested in vitro, and the distributions and sizes of residual particles produced by this device were determined. Materials and Methods Human thrombi aged for 4 days and 10 days were macerated using a recirculation-type Amplatz thrombectomy device with an 8-F, high-speed screw propeller. The device was activated for 15, 30, and 60 seconds. Two different methods of particle measurement were used to determine overall particle distribution and to determine the size and number of large particles. Results The recirculation device liquefied 99.2% of 4-day-old and 98.8% of 10-day-old thrombi, producing particles ranging in size from 13 to 1,000 μm; all particles were smaller than 1,000 μm. Particle size and distribution results were identical for the 30-second and 60-second activation times. Conclusion The recirculation-type thrombectomy device appears to perform well as a method of macerating human thrombi. Clinical trials need to be conducted to test the device further and to determine if it can be used safely on venous as well as arterial occlusions.
Selection of Dairy Cattle for Overall Excellence

Abstract Methods from plant breeding were adapted to develop economic weights for milk production, mastitis, milk fat test, live freshenings, herd life, body weight, and milking time from individual lifetime data on 111 cows. Standard partial regression coefficients of profit per year of herd life which varied from $409 to −$658 (mean $59) on these traits were .64, −.38, .31, .22, .10, .09, and .03. A prediction equation using derived economic weights ranked cows in substantial agreement with actual profit. All seven traits of the original index accounted for 68% of variation in profit, four economically significant traits, reduced index, 66%, and three traits with their heritabilities, final index, 56%. Substitution of mature equivalent for actual milk production reduced variation explained to 53, 50, and 43%. Original, reduced, and final indexes predicted profit more accurately than actual or mature equivalent milk production. The method enables practical field indexes and useful economic weights.
Approximate weinberg mixing

We present a model of the weak interactions in which a custodial symmetry that is not an invariance of the starting Lagrangian emerges in the effective low-energy sector of the theory. This symmetry maintains the relationMw=Mz cosθw to all orders in the Higgs self-couplings to any required degree of accuracy, while leaving the quark mass spectrum completely unconstrained. The model is a local left-right symmetric chiral flavor gauge theory of the electroweak interactions in which the symmetry is spontaneously broken by fundamental Higgs fields which transform the same way under the chiral group as fermion Dirac and Majorana masses.
Multi stage Monte Carlo optimization applied to a six hundred point travelling salesman problem

Abstract The approximation technique called multi state Monte Carlo optimization (MSMCO) is employed here to estimate the solution to a six hundred point travelling salesman problem of finding the shortest route to connect the points in a closed loop. The six hundred points chosen for this solution attempt are a composite of several well known 100-point problems (with proven exact optimals) taken from the literature. This affords some comparison of the performance of the MSMCO approach with other techniques as many algorithms have been tried in producing the true optimals to the separate 100-point subproblems. An effort to show the versatility of the MSMCO technique is made by also attempting to solve a non-linear system with 60 variables and 15 equations. Real valued variables are used in the problem although integer, complex or mixed variable values could be used as the application required.
Turbulence modeling for three-dimensional shear flows over curved rotating bodies

It is known that curvature and rotation affect a turbulence structure substantially, and a knowledge of these effects is essential for the improved prediction of flow over rotating bodies. A turbulence model which includes the effects of curvature as well as rotation has been developed. Different hypotheses are introduced to model the higher order unknowns in the Reynolds stress, the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate equations are discussed. A detailed analysis of the effect of the rotation on each component of the Reynolds stress tensor is presented for hypothetical cases such as the pure shear flow in a rotating frame. Calculations show that the effects of rotation on turbulent shear stresses are more pronounced in a centrifugal type of turbomachinery than an axial type.
Synchrotron Photoemission Studies of Surfaces and Overlayers

High-resolution core-level photoemission spectroscopy allows the distinction of atoms in different layers and in inequivalent sites by their binding energy shifts. By comparison with model structures and reference samples, the number of atoms in each distinct chemical configuration can be determined. The chemical shifts induced by adsorption can be correlated with the electronegativity difference between the substrate and the adsorbate atoms. These observations provide a quantitative description of the interaction and reaction between adsorbates and surfaces, and important information about the atomic structure and the electronic properties can be deduced. Results from several representative systems including the adsorption of In, Ag, and Sn on Si(100) will be discussed.