cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potential usefulness of combined thromboxane A2 and serotonin receptor blockade for preventing the conversion from chronic to acute coronary artery disease syndromes

Evidence suggests that unstable angina, non-Q-wave myocardial infarction and Q-wave myocardial infarcts represent a continuum, such that transient reduction in coronary blood flow associated with platelet aggregation and dynamic vasoconstriction at sites of coronary artery stenosis and endothelial injury lead to abrupt development of unstable angina. Factors potentially responsible for the conversion from chronic to acute coronary artery disease include endothelial injury at sites of stenosis. The endothelial injury may be the result of plaque fissuring or ulceration, hemodynamic factors (including systemic arterial hypertension or flow shear stress), infection, smoking, coronary arteriography or balloon angioplasty. Clinical and experimental animal studies suggest that interference with thromboxane and serotonin contributions to platelet aggregation and dynamic coronary artery constriction may prevent chronic coronary artery disease syndromes from converting to acute disease. To protect against this process may require both thromboxane and serotonin receptor antagonists or a combination of thromboxane synthesis inhibitor and receptor antagonist with a serotonin receptor antagonist. Further studies are needed to test this hypothesis.
Mathematical modeling for structural analysis and design

Abstract Structural design can be defined as an iterative optimization process involving use of empirical information resulting from operational experience, while at the same time relying on predicted behavior derived from theories which attempt to replace experience. This paper presents a brief review of some of the mathematical modeling and simulation techniques that appear to be useful in the structural design process, emphasizing the need for a carefully integrated approach to the treatment of sub-system problems. The ingredients of design by mathematical simulation may be listed as follows: 1. 1. Description of a tentative system configuration; 2. 2. Specification of the operating conditions (input); 3. 3. Choice of a parametrized structure for input-output relations; 4. 4. Choice of state variables and development of an algorithm for predicting the evolution of the system; 5. 5. Selection of a criterion function, in terms of state variables, by which performance can be judged; 6. 6. Iterative modification of the system to search for optimum performance. Taking these categories as a point of departure, an examination of some of the possibilities and problems attendant to development of a design methodology is made. Particular attention is given to the underlying inter-relations between categories, use of concepts of control theory and the merging of “design art” with design science”. As an illustrative example, the problem of system identification in the context of material characterization, and its direct relation to numerical solution algorithms of field problems in mathematical physics is discussed. The direct implication of this interconnection is the imperative of viewing “materials characterization” and “structural analysis” as interdependent processes in system design. The concept of control, although familiar in the operation of systems, is perhaps less well understood as a useful concept in the design process. Of fundamental importance are ideas emerging from combinatorial mathematics and dynamic programming, leading to a methodology for selecting a policy for iterative modification of the design to seek optimum performance. Similarly, yet in a different context, the idea of feedback control is useful in studying problems of discretization or zoning in numerical analysis as well as zoning for system identification. These, as well as other aspects of the treatment of design via modeling and simulation are developed and illustrated in the paper.
Aero-allergens in canine atopic dermatitis in southeastern Australia based on 1000 intradermal skin tests.

Objective To determine the most relevant aero-allergens involved in canine atopi dermatitis in southeastern Australia and provide information about these aero-allergens to the general practitioner. Procedure Dogs presented to the Animal Skin & Allergy Clinic with history and clinical signs of atopic dermatitis were injected intradermally with 38 different allergens and negative and positive control. Intradermal skin tests in 1000 dogs were retrospectively evaluated. Results One third of all patients reacted to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae. Allergens reacting in more than 15% of the patients were wheat (Triticum aestivum), sweet vernal (Anthoxanthum odoratum), English couch (Agropyron repens), yellow dock (Rumex crispus), Mexican tea (Chenopodium ambrosioides), plantain (Plantago lanceolata), melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia) and peppercorn (Schimus spp). Conclusion House dust mites are the most common allergens in canine atopic dermatitis in southeastern Australia and D farinae is involved most frequently. However, a number of grass, weed and tree pollens also are involved regularly.
Switch of transforming growth factor β function from tumor suppression to stimulation in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) knocked-down human colon carcinoma cells

Abstract TGFβ exerts a potent tumor-suppressive effect in the human colon carcinoma CBS and Moser cells. However, TGFβ can also function as a tumor promoter. The mechanisms underlying the tumor promoting effect of TGFβ are not understood. Both the CBS and Moser cells were found to express mutant (truncated) APC. Expression of this form of APC did not interfere with the tumor-suppressive function of TGFβ. However, when APC expression was knocked down in these cells, TGFβ function switched from that of tumor suppression to that of tumor promotion. TGFβ stimulated cellular invasion and anchorage-independent growth in APC knocked-down cells. Knocking down APC expression abrogated the ability of TGFβ to induce the expression of the tumor suppressor E-cadherin and the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21/Waf1. TGFβ now stimulated the constitutive TCF transcriptional activation activity associated with the β-catenin/Wnt pathway in the APC knocked-down cells. Thus, the level of APC expression determined the type of TGFβ function in these human colon carcinoma cells.
In vitro metabolism of styrene to styrene oxide in liver and lung of Cyp2E1 knockout mice.

Styrene is a widely used chemical. In mice it is both hepatotoxic and pneumotoxic, and this toxicity is thought to be associated with its metabolism to styrene oxide. In vitro studies by several investigators suggest that this bioactivation in mice is primarily due to CYP2E1 and CYP2F2. However, in vivo studies demonstrate that CYP2E1 knockout mice can metabolize styrene to a similar extent as the wild-type mice. The current studies compared the in vitro metabolism of styrene by hepatic and pulmonary microsomes from CYP2E1 knockout and wild-type mice. There was no difference in the hepatic microsomal metabolism of styrene to styrene oxide between the two strains. The metabolism of styrene was lower in the lungs of the knockout mice than in the wild-type. Chemical inhibitors were used to ascertain the contributions made by various cytochromes P-450: imipramine for CYP2C, f -methylbenzylaminobenzotriazole for CYP2B, f -naphthoflavone for CYP1A, 5-phenyl-1-pentyne for CYP2F2, and diethyldithiocar-bamate for ...
Role of FDG-PET/CT in detecting lymphomatous bone marrow involvement in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

To evaluate the role of FDG-PET/CT in detecting bone marrow (BM) involvement, pre-treatment bilateral bone marrow biopsies (BMBs) and FDG-PET/CT scans of 89 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with rituximab–CHOP were reviewed and analyzed. Fourteen patients (15.7%) had lymphomatous involvement based on BMB (BMB+), and 17 patients (19.1%) had the possibility of BM involvement on FDG-PET/CT (FDG-PET/CT+). Seventy-two patients (80.8%) had concordant results between BMB and FDG-PET/CT (seven patients were positive for both, and 65 patients were negative for both), but 17 patients (19.2%) had a discordant interpretation (seven patients were BMB+ and FDG-PET/CT−, and ten were BMB− and FDG-PET/CT+). Although BMB+ patients had an inferior 2-year EFS (37.0% vs. 79.8%, p < 0.001) and OS (36.3% vs. 81.0%, p < 0.001) compared to BMB− patients, no differences in EFS (62.6% vs. 72.7%, p = 0.185) and OS (59.4% vs. 78.0%, p = 0.146) were shown between FDG-PET/CT+ and FDG-PET/CT− patients. Whereas six of seven patients with diffuse hypermetabolism were BMB+, only one of ten patients with focal hypermetabolism was BMB+. The results suggest that FDG-PET/CT had a limited value to detect BM involvement in patients with DLBCL. Focal hypermetabolism of hematopoietic BM in FDG-PET/CT had no impact on survival.
Use of chemically modified enzymes in organic solvents for conversion of coal to nliquides

Abstract Reductive enzymes can be used to enhance the conversion of coal to liquids. This can be carried out in both aqueous and organic media, but, in the latter case, the enzymes must be chemically modified so that they are soluble and active in the organic environment. The most effective chemical modification of enzymes is achieved by using reagents such as activated polyethylene glycol or dinitrofluorobenzene that add hydrophobic groups. Use of such modified enzymes in organic solvents such as benzene or pyridine has resulted in the conversion of over 40% of bituminous coal.
Promoting Fitness: Behavior, Knowledge, and Confidence of Extension Home Economists

This study investigated the personal exercise behavior, exercise knowledge, and perceived confidence of extension home economists (EHEs) in promoting exer cise in their communities. One hundred ten of 124 EHEs in Virginia completed a mailed questionnaire. Results indicated that the EHEs were fairly active, obtaining an average physical activity score of 9.2 ± 3.3 out of a possible 13. Scores on exercise knowledge averaged 10.1 ± 2.2 out of a possible 13. The Kuder- Richardson reliability estimate (KR20) of the exercise knowledge scores was .72. Overall, the EHEs were confident in writing and talking about exercise, but sig nificantly less confident about organizing exercise classes and evaluating the outcome of exercise. No significant associations were observed between exer cise knowledge and professional confidence in undertaking activities at work to promote community fitness. In contrast, personal physical activity scores corre lated significantly with exercise knowledge and with professional confidence in writing and talking with clients about exercise. Nonetheless, no significant cor relations were observed between physical activity scores and professional confi dence in arranging a class to promote fitness or in evaluating the outcomes of exercise programs in the community. It is suggested that continuing education training for EHEs encourage them to maintain physically active lifestyles and pro vide them with the skills needed to network with community agencies to promote community fitness more effectively.
Altered cerebral dominance in an atopic population.

Handedness was assessed in 853 subjects, 424 from an allergy office practice and 429 from a health screening clinic, using a modified Oldfield Handedness Inventory. Subjects also responded to a survey ascertaining both personal and family histories of allergy-related problems and left-handedness. A significant left-handed shift in mean laterality quotient and an increased incidence of left-handedness was found in participants from the allergy office and in subjects who considered themselves to be affected by allergy, allergic rhinitis, and/or asthma. Controlling for nonatopic responders from the allergy office and possibly atopic responders from the health screening clinic, mean laterality quotients were 66.4 ± 51.6 vs 79.4 ± 42.1 (p < .001) and the incidence of left-handedness was 12.1% vs 6.8% (p < .05). Mean laterality quotient of 125 asthmatics was 65.1 ± 54.0, and 16 (12.8%) were left-handed. The mean percentage of left-handed children of 79 asthmatic parents was found to be increased: 16.7 ± 26.3% vs 10.3 ± 21.2% of children of 198 nonatopic parents (p < .02). This was attributable to left-handed children of asthmatic women, 18.6 ± 29.0% (p < .01), but not asthmatic men. Both autonomic neurologic dysfunction and disordered immunoregulation typify atopic disease. Our results can be interpreted to reflect this duality and lend support to Geshwind's hypothesis of a relationship between cerebral dominance and immunologic set resulting from common developmental influences.
The Earth will remain habitable for at least 1.5 billion years

At some point in the future, the gradual brightening of the Sun will force temperatures on Earth to soar, a runaway greenhouse effect transforming our world into something more like Venus. Before this can happen, though, another process known as a “moist greenhouse runaway” will cause the oceans to bleed off into space.
Waveguides for pulsed terahertz radiation

In this tutorial, we review basic ideas of waveguide physics, and discuss the state of the art in strategies for guiding broadband terahertz pulses. These include metallic, dielectric, and plasmonic waveguides.
An atom---molecule platform for quantum computing

We propose a combined atom---molecule system for quantum information processing in individual traps, such as provided by optical lattices. In this platform, different species of atoms--one atom carrying a qubit and the other enabling the interaction--are used to store and process quantum information via intermediate molecular states. We show how gates, initialization, and readout operations could be implemented using this approach. In particular, we describe in some detail the implementation of a two-qubit phase gate in which a pair of atoms is transferred into the ground rovibrational state of a polar molecule with a large dipole moment, thus allowing atoms transferred into molecules to interact via their dipole-dipole interaction. We also discuss how the reverse process could be used as a non-destructive readout tool of molecular qubit states. Finally, we generalize these ideas to use a decoherence-free subspace for qubit encoding to minimize the decoherence due to magnetic field fluctuations. In this case, qubits will be encoded into field-insensitive states of two identical atoms, while a third atom of a different species will be used to realize a phase gate.
Ceravital reconstruction of canal wall down mastoidectomy: long-term results.

Objective To describe long-term outcomes of external auditory canal wall reconstruction using bioactive glass ceramic (Ceravital) after canal wall down mastoidectomy. Design Retrospective review of a case series over a 21-year period, with a mean ± SD follow-up of 13.1 ± 6.7 years (range, 0.2-20.5 years). Setting Private otologic practice. Patients The study population comprised 20 consecutive patients aged 12 to 60 years, who had previously undergone canal wall down mastoidectomy. Intervention Reconstruction of the canal wall with bioactive glass ceramic. Main Outcome Measures Incidence, cause, and timing of reconstruction failure; need for additional surgery; change in hearing; frequency of outpatient visits; and incidence of surgical complications. Results Prosthetic walls have remained intact in 16 patients followed for more than 5 years. One had remained intact at 3 months after surgery, but the patient was lost to follow-up. Prosthesis removal was required in 3 patients (because of infection, displacement, and cholesteatoma in 1 patient each). The only perioperative complications were otorrhea in 4 patients and a 5-dB sensorineural hearing loss in 1 patient. Of the 16 intact patients with long-term follow-up, 4 required no further surgery, while 11 underwent an average of 2 subsequent middle ear procedures each (range, 1-3), including 4 planned reexplorations. The mean ± SD air bone gap improved 11 ± 16 dB as of the most recent audiogram (mean ± SD, 7.7 ± 5.8 years after operation). Conclusion Canal wall reconstruction using bioactive glass ceramic is a useful option for patients who desire freedom from the frequent mastoid bowl debridements and activity restrictions that may result from canal wall down mastoidectomy.
Theoretical approaches to the metal-insulator transition in 2D

Recent experiments on the two-dimensional electron gas in various semiconductor structures have revealed the existence of what appears to be a continuous low-temperature metal-insulator transition as the electron density is varied, although it was previously commonly accepted that all electronic states will be localized in a two-dimensional disordered medium. Theoretical proposals for the explanation of various aspects of the experiments will be reviewed and implications for the scaling theory of localization will be discussed.
Trauma and short-fuse weather warning perceptions

The purpose of this research was to assess the importance of psychological trauma in understanding reactions to short lead time weather warnings. The research consisted of two case studies, one in Denver, Colorado and the other in Austin, Texas. A total of 61 individuals with 9 or greater traumas were compared to 281 non-trauma exposed individuals. Results demonstrated significant differences on questions related to general beliefs about flash floods and warning perceptions as well as reported anticipated actions during a flash flood at home. Results suggest high trauma exposure may lead to more threat sensitivity and a higher probability of initiated action in a home-based flash flood.
Spatial patterns of agrazing intensity on a caribbean barrier reef: Herbivory and algal distribution

Abstract Strips of Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig were used in a field biioassay to assess the impact of herbivores in different habitats and at different depths on the barrier reef at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Common algal species from several habitats were then transplanted into areas with high grazing rates to evaluate: (1) the effect of herbivores on algal distribution; and (2), the extent of herbivore resistance characteristics of algal species from different habitats. Grazing rates were highest on shallow, structurally complex portions of the reef and lowest in areas that were deep, structurally simple or where turbulence interfered with feeding. Diurnal grazing by herbivorous fishes was responsible for virtually all of the plant material removed. Grazing by urchins was so low that it was unmeasurable during both day and night trials. When algal species from shallow habitats subject to low rates of grazing were moved to areas of greater herbivore activity, they were rapidly consumed by fishes. Algae from deep portions of the reef, where grazing was low, were not eaten when moved to areas with increased herbivory. These differences in the evolution of herbivore resistance are explainable as a result of growth rate differences and the relative amount, as opposed to absolute amount, of net growth that is consumed by herbivores in shallow versus deep habitats.
On the shape of a DNA molecule.

Due to the lack of direct X-ray evidence for base pairing being the only mechanism for the formation of double helix in a DNA crystal, an alternative explanation is suggested so that the observed DNA loop becomes essential.
Radiation and Dissipation of Internal Waves Generated by Geostrophic Motions Impinging on Small-Scale Topography: Application to the Southern Ocean

Abstract Recent estimates from observations and inverse models indicate that turbulent mixing associated with internal wave breaking is enhanced above rough topography in the Southern Ocean. In most regions of the ocean, abyssal mixing has been primarily associated with radiation and breaking of internal tides. In this study, it is shown that abyssal mixing in the Southern Ocean can be sustained by internal waves generated by geostrophic motions that dominate abyssal flows in this region. Theory and fully nonlinear numerical simulations are used to estimate the internal wave radiation and dissipation from lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP), CTD, and topography data from two regions in the Southern Ocean: Drake Passage and the southeast Pacific. The results show that radiation and dissipation of internal waves generated by geostrophic motions reproduce the magnitude and distribution of dissipation previously inferred from finescale measurements in the region, suggesting that it is one of the...
Social factors regulating security and fear in infant rhesus monkeys

Security and fear are emotional states frequently experienced by infant primates and either may be enhanced or reduced by the presence of the mother or another conspecific. These studies in rhesus monkeys examined the degree to which infants' levels of security and fear are regulated by a) the mere physical presence of the infant's mother or an unfamiliar adult male and b) the conspecific's social behavior. Infants' reactions during reunion with either their mother or an unfamiliar adult male were studied after a brief separation. In the first experiment, each infant underwent a brief maternal separation on three occasions, after which it was exposed to the following conditions: left alone for an additional period, reunited with its awake mother, and reunited with its anesthetized mother. Infants reunited with their awake mother were calm and appeared to be secure. In contrast, when reunited with their anesthetized mother they made physical contact with her but exhibited distress-related behaviors. The second experiment examined the importance of interaction in regulating fear in infants. Infants underwent brief maternal separation and then were united with an unfamiliar awake or anesthetized male. Initially, infants attempted to affiliate with the male, but in contrast to the mothers, the male discouraged physical contact and at times was aggressive. As a result, infants displayed more fear-related behaviors. When united with an anesthetized male, infants made physical contact with him and did not appear fearful. These results indicate that a prominent factor in regulating security and fear in infant rhesus monkeys is the character of their social interactions with adults and not simply the adult's physical presence. Depression 1:137–142 (1993). © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Activation and Evasion of Antiviral Innate Immunity by Hepatitis C Virus

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronically infects 130-170 million people worldwide and is a major public health burden. HCV is an RNA virus that infects hepatocytes within liver, and this infection is sensed as non-self by the intracellular innate immune response to program antiviral immunity to HCV. HCV encodes several strategies to evade this antiviral response, and this evasion of innate immunity plays a key role in determining viral persistence. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of how the intracellular innate immune system detects HCV infection, including how HCV pathogen-associated molecular patterns are generated during infection and where they are recognized as foreign by the innate immune system. Further, this review highlights the key innate immune evasion strategies used by HCV to establish persistent infection within the liver, as well as how host genotype influences the outcome of HCV infection. Understanding these HCV-host interactions is key in understanding how to target HCV during infection and for the design of more effective HCV therapies at the immunological level.
Support Structures for the Axiom of Choice

The notion of “support” was introduced by Mostowski in [4] in order to prove that a certain universe satisfied the ordering principle but not the axiom of choice. The notion was refined in [3] and in [1] it was shown to be satisfied in a certain Cohen model of full ZF set theory. This paper is an axiomatic study of universes whose undefined relations are ∈ and a “support structure”, T.In §2 the general theory is introduced and the universes of [4] and [1] are characterized. §3 examines a more complicated universe which will be used in [5] to show that in many cases a consistency in full ZF set theory may be proven directly by the methods of [4]. The embedding theorems of §4 are crucial to this application.
Brief Report: State of the Science Symposium on Aging and Developmental Disabilities1

The overall goal of the 2007 State of the Science Symposium on Aging with Developmental Disabilities: Charting Lifespan Trajectories and Supportive Environments for Healthy Community Living (held in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.) was to increase the understanding and definition of how to improve the health, psychosocial well-being, and community participation of older adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The symposium consisted of four main tracks (neurodevelopmental conditions; health care services, health promotion needs, and health literacy; family support and intergenerational caregiving; and environmental barriers and supports to community living). The symposium's participants recommended a greater focus on a research agenda that would serve to increase the knowledge on the lifespan trajectory for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and on identifying methods for developing and assessing effectiveness of practices and policies for individuals with developmental disabilities, their families, and their service providers.
Sensorimotor Coupling in Music and the Psychology of the Groove

The urge to move in response to music, combined with the positive affect associated with the coupling of sensory and motor processes while engaging with music (referred to as sensorimotor coupling )i n a seemingly effortless way, is commonly described as the feeling of being in the groove. Here, we systematically explore this compelling phenomenon in a population of young adults. We utilize multiple levels of analysis, comprising phenomenological, behavioral, and computational techniques. Specifically, we show (a) that the concept of the groove is widely appreciated and understood in terms of a pleasurable drive toward action, (b) that a broad range of musical excerpts can be appraised reliably for the degree of perceived groove, (c) that the degree of experienced groove is inversely related to experienced difficulty of bimanual sensorimotor coupling under tapping regimes with varying levels of expressive constraint, (d) that high-groove stimuli elicit spontaneous rhythmic movements, and (e) that quantifiable measures of the quality of sensorimotor coupling predict the degree of experienced groove. Our results complement traditional discourse regarding the groove, which has tended to take the psychological phenomenon for granted and has focused instead on the musical and especially the rhythmic qualities of particular genres of music that lead to the perception of groove. We conclude that groove can be treated as a psychological construct and model system that allows for experimental exploration of the relationship between sensorimotor coupling with music and emotion.
Direct-to-Consumer Cardiac Screening Tests: User Beware

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the US. Given the rising number of individuals affected with CVD and its significant treatment costs, prevention through recognition of risk factors and attenuation of modifiable behaviors is essential for improving outcomes and controlling the healthcare cost burden. Accordingly, public health initiatives have increasingly focused on prevention strategies through promotion of cardiovascular health. Therefore, it is not surprising that private companies are attempting to capitalize on consumer concerns about undetected CVD through diagnostic test services. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) cardiac screening tests provide cardiovascular risk estimates and frequently bypass medical professionals for interpretation and follow-up. Companies directly advertise to the public and offer services in corporate wellness programs and community-based health-screening events, or through their own facilities. A recent commentary in the Journal of the American Medical Association by Lovett and Liang highlights some ethical considerations and professional guidelines surrounding cardiovascular risk assessment in the context of DTC testing (1). The authors focus on carotid artery stenosis ultrasound, peripheral arterial disease ankle–brachial index, 1-time atrial fibrillation electrocardiogram (ECG), …
What Are Soft Biometrics and How Can They Be Used

Face characteristics can be used for gender identification and age estimation in a wide range of biometric applications. The emerging field of soft biometrics is exploring exciting new questions about biometric traits. Soft biometrics for automated gender identification and age estimation have potential applications in a multitude of areas.
Positional orthology: putting genomic evolutionary relationships into context.

Orthology is a powerful refinement of homology that allows us to describe more precisely the evolution of genomes and understand the function of the genes they contain. However, because orthology is not concerned with genomic position, it is limited in its ability to describe genes that are likely to have equivalent roles in different genomes. Because of this limitation, the concept of ‘positional orthology’ has emerged, which describes the relation between orthologous genes that retain their ancestral genomic positions. In this review, we formally define this concept, for which we introduce the shorter term ‘toporthology’, with respect to the evolutionary events experienced by a gene’s ancestors. Through a discussion of recent studies on the role of genomic context in gene evolution, we show that the distinction between orthology and toporthology is biologically significant. We then review a number of orthology prediction methods that take genomic context into account and thus that may be used to infer the important relation of toporthology.
A note on compressed sensing and the complexity of matrix multiplication

We consider the conjectured O(N^2^+^@e) time complexity of multiplying any two NxN matrices A and B. Our main result is a deterministic Compressed Sensing (CS) algorithm that both rapidly and accurately computes [email protected]?B provided that the resulting matrix product is sparse/compressible. As a consequence of our main result we increase the class of matrices A, for any given NxN matrix B, which allows the exact computation of [email protected]?B to be carried out using the conjectured O(N^2^+^@e) operations. Additionally, in the process of developing our matrix multiplication procedure, we present a modified version of Indyk's recently proposed extractor-based CS algorithm [P. Indyk, Explicit constructions for compressed sensing of sparse signals, in: SODA, 2008] which is resilient to noise.
Mapping QTL for drought stress-induced premature senescence and maturity in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.].

Cowpea is an important crop for subsistence farmers in arid regions of Africa, Asia, and South America. EVorts to develop cultivars with improved productivity under drought conditions are constrained by lack of molec- ular markers associated with drought tolerance. Here, we report the mapping of 12 quantitative trait loci (QTL) asso- ciated with seedling drought tolerance and maturity in a cowpea recombinant inbred (RIL) population. One hundred and twenty-seven F 8 RILs developed from a cross between IT93K503-1 and CB46 were screened with 62 EcoR1 and Mse1 primer combinations to generate 306 ampliWed fragment length polymorphisms for use in genetic linkage mapping. The same population was phenotyped for mainte- nance of stem greenness (stg) and recovery dry weight (rdw) after drought stress in six greenhouse experiments. In Weld experiments conducted over 3 years, visual ratings and dry weights were used to phenotype drought stress-induced premature senescence in the RIL population. Kruskall- Wallis and multiple-QTL model mapping analysis were used to identify QTL associated with drought response pheno- types. Observed QTL were highly reproducible between stg and rdw under greenhouse conditions. Field studies con- Wrmed all ten drought-response QTL observed under green- house conditions. Regions harboring drought-related QTL were observed on linkage groups 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10 accounting for between 4.7 and 24.2% of the phenotypic variance (R 2 ). Further, two QTL for maturity (R 2 =1 4.4- 28.9% and R 2 = 11.7-25.2%) mapped on linkage groups 7 and 8 separately from drought-related QTL. These results provide a platform for identiWcation of genetic determi- nants of seedling drought tolerance in cowpea.
Academic Advising and Career Services: A Collaborative Approach

This chapter describes how career services professionals and academic advising units can partner to serve college students. Observations are also provided regarding the role of advising and best practices to meet the growing need for a shared approach to the academic and career needs of students.
Perspective on HIV Infection and Aging: Emerging Research on the Horizon

A greater prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals aged >50 years is projected. This epidemiologic trend will continue to increase as a result not only of greater survival rates among HIV-infected patients who receive treatment, but also of delayed recognition of older individuals with occult HIV disease. Historically, it was thought that, despite viral responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among older individuals that approximate those of younger individuals, older persons infected with HIV could not mount as vigorous an immune response as do younger HIV-infected individuals. However, recent evidence suggests that older HIV-infected individuals may do just as well, because they may be more compliant with their antiretroviral regimens. Limited data are available on the safety and tolerability of HAART in this population. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic, neuropsychiatric, and cardiovascular morbidities could be exacerbated by use of antiretrovirals or by HIV infection itself. Additional research is needed to optimize the care of older HIV-infected patients.
On the order of accuracy of the immersed boundary method: Higher order convergence rates for sufficiently smooth problems

The immersed boundary method is both a mathematical formulation and a numerical scheme for problems involving the interaction of a viscous incompressible fluid and a (visco-)elastic structure. In [M.-C. Lai, Simulations of the flow past an array of circular cylinders as a test of the immersed boundary method, Ph.D. thesis, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 1998; M.-C. Lai, C.S. Peskin, An immersed boundary method with formal second-order accuracy and reduced numerical viscosity, J. Comput. Phys. 160 (2000) 705-719], Lai and Peskin introduced a formally second order accurate immersed boundary method, but the convergence properties of their algorithm have only been examined computationally for problems with nonsmooth solutions. Consequently, in practice only first order convergence rates have been observed. In the present work, we describe a new formally second order accurate immersed boundary method and demonstrate its performance for a prototypical fluid-structure interaction problem, involving an immersed viscoelastic shell of finite thickness, studied over a broad range of Reynolds numbers. We consider two sets of material properties for the viscoelastic structure, including a case where the material properties of the coupled system are discontinuous at the fluid-structure interface. For both sets of material properties, the true solutions appear to possess sufficient smoothness for the method to converge at a second order rate for fully resolved computations.
Can Losing Lead to Winning

Individuals, groups, and teams who are behind their opponents in competition tend to be more likely to lose. In contrast, we show that through increasing motivation, being slightly behind can actually increase success. Analysis of more than 18,000 professional basketball games illustrates that being slightly behind at halftime leads to a discontinuous increase in winning percentage. Teams behind by a point at halftime, for example, actually win more often than teams ahead by one, or approximately six percentage points more often than expected. This psychological effect is roughly half the size of the proverbial home-team advantage. Analysis of more than 45,000 collegiate basketball games finds consistent, though smaller, results. Experiments corroborate the field data and generalize their findings, providing direct causal evidence that being slightly behind increases effort and casting doubt on alternative explanations for the results. Taken together, these findings illustrate that losing can sometimes lead to winning. This paper was accepted by Peter Wakker, decision analysis.
West Germany: Federal Structure, Political Influence.

Although the system provides an elaborate structure for public representation, the dominant influence is political.
A MEMS-Based Micro Heat Engine With Integrated Thermal Switch

This work details the effect of top membrane compliance on the performance of a MEMS based micro-heat engine and integrated thermal switch at operating speeds of 20, 40, and 100Hz and heat inputs of up to 60mJ per cycle. The engine consists of two flexible membranes encapsulating a volume of saturated working fluid. A thermal switch is used to intermittently reject heat from the engine to a constant temperature cooling sink. Mechanical work output is measured based on the engine’s top membrane deflection and internal operating pressure. Three top membranes are considered; a 2micron thick silicon membrane, a 300nm thick silicon-nitride membrane, and a 3micron thick corrugated silicon membrane. The engine is shown to produce 1.0mW of mechanical power when operated at 100Hz.
InP/InGaAsP-Based Integrated 3-dB Trench Couplers for Ultra-Compact Coherent Receivers

We present the design, fabrication, and test results for ultra-compact 3-dB frustrated total internal reflection-based trench couplers in an InP/InGaAsP monolithic integration platform. The trench coupler is integrated with phase modulators and a balanced photodiode (BPD) pair to enable a 180° hybrid ultra-compact coherent receiver. Several trench splitter designs exhibit near 3-dB splitting with a loss of 3 dB. The BPD pair is used to characterize coherent mixing of two input optical signals into the trench splitter, and coherence efficiency of 75% is achieved.
Rotational stabilization of a rigid body using two torque actuators

The Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman theorem is used to derive a control law that globally asymptotically stabilizes Euler's equation to a prescribed state. It is shown that if all three components of the prescribed state are nonzero, then it is impossible to asymptotically stabilize Euler's equation to that state using only two torque inputs along two principal axes. If two components of the prescribed state are nonzero and one of the two components is in the uncontrolled principal axes, then a family of optimal nonlinear stabilizing feedback control laws is obtained. >
An FPGA-Based Novel Digital PWM Control Scheme for BLDC Motor Drives

Development of advanced motor drives has yielded increases in efficiency and reliability. Residential and commercial appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioning systems use conventional motor drive technology. The machines found in these applications are characterized by low efficiency and high maintenance. A brushless dc (BLDC) motor drive is characterized by higher efficiency, lower maintenance, and higher cost. In a market driven by profit margins, the appliance industry is reluctant to replace the conventional motor drives with the advanced motor drives (BLDC) due to their higher cost. Therefore, it is necessary to have a low-cost but effective BLDC motor controller. This paper lays the groundwork for the development of a new low-cost IC for control of BLDC motors. A simple novel digital pulsewidth-modulation control has been implemented for a trapezoidal BLDC motor drive system. Due to the simplistic nature of this control, it has the potential to be implemented in a low-cost application-specific integrated circuit. The novel controller is modeled and verified using simulations. Experimental verification is carried out using field-programmable gate arrays to validate the claims presented.
Psychiatric Diagnosis: a Study of Its Relationship To School Needs

Increased use of psychiatric diagnostic workups has occurred in determination of children's eligibility for special education or related services. Past research with small samples suggests little relationship to school functioning. The present study examined DSM III Axis I and Axis II diagnoses in 350 school children referred for psychiatric evaluation. Diagnostic categories were examined in terms of their relationship to age, sex, ethnicity, IQ, achievement, and special education placement. Findings suggested wide disparity, but certain DSM III diagnostic groups appeared to have identifiable education characteristics.
Milk fever and dietary cation-anion balance effects on concentration of vitamin D receptor in tissue of periparturient dairy cows.

Abstract Milk fever is the clinical disease associated with severe hypocalcemia in dairy cows. In this experiment, we tested the hypothesis that calcium homeostasis is a result of a decreased concentration of receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the tissues of cows that develop milk fever. Samples of colon mucosa were obtained for analysis of vitamin D receptor concentration in a longitudinal study of Jersey cows during the 2 wk before and after parturition. In the first study, 21 cows fed an alfalfa hay diet were biopsied every 3rd d from 2 wk before to 2 wk after calving. The concentration of vitamin D receptor in the colon during late gestation was three- to fourfold higher than the concentration of vitamin D receptor in the colon mucosa in nonpregnant cows (90 ± 8 vs. 26 ± 5 fmol/mg of protein). At parturition, colon concentration of vitamin D receptor decreased to 66 ± 7.5 fmol/mg of protein. During early lactation, concentrations of vitamin D receptor in the colon were similar to precalving concentrations. There was no significant difference of concentrations of vitamin D receptor in the colon prior to calving, at calving, or in early lactation between cows that did develop milk fever and those that did not. Results were similar in a second study, in which 7 cows were fed a high cation alfalfa diet, and 6 cows were fed the same diet with anionic salts added. Those data do not support the hypothesis that decreased concentrations of vitamin D receptor prior to calving is a causative factor of milk fever within the Jersey breed. However, a decline of concentrations of vitamin D receptor in tissue at calving may reduce the ability of all cows to respond to the calcium demands of lactation.
Relationships of distinct affective dimensions to performance on an emotional stroop task

Few studies have examined the nature of enhanced selective attention to threatening stimuli with regard to distinct affective dimensions in nonclinical samples. No study to date has explored the relationships of multiple anxiety-related dimensions to performance on an emotional Stroop task. An adult sample without history of spontaneous panic attacks (N = 138) participated in an emotional Stroop task, and performance was analyzed in light of several types of self-reported anxiety. Only anxiety sensitivity distinguished individuals who showed a pattern of interference to threat information from those who showed a pattern of facilitation. No anxiety type was associated with reaction time patterns to appetitive distractors. These results highlight the importance of deconstructing anxiety into separate dimensions such that unique relationships between anxiety types and cognitive processing can be examined.
On the degree of modular parametrizations over function fields

Let E be an elliptic curve over FqðTÞ with conductor NN: Let Y : X0ðNÞ-E be the modular parametrization by the Drinfeld modular curve of level N: Assuming that E is a strong Weil curve we prove upper and lower bounds on deg Y: These bounds are the analogs of well-known (partially conjectural) bounds in the case of rational numbers. r 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
HPASubC: A suite of tools for user subclassification of human protein atlas tissue images

Background: The human protein atlas (HPA) is a powerful proteomic tool for visualizing the distribution of protein expression across most human tissues and many common malignancies. The HPA includes immunohistochemically-stained images from tissue microarrays (TMAs) that cover 48 tissue types and 20 common malignancies. The TMA data are used to provide expression information at the tissue, cellular, and occasionally, subcellular level. The HPA also provides subcellular data from confocal immunofluorescence data on three cell lines. Despite the availability of localization data, many unique patterns of cellular and subcellular expression are not documented. Materials and Methods: To get at this more granular data, we have developed a suite of Python scripts, HPASubC, to aid in subcellular, and cell-type specific classification of HPA images. This method allows the user to download and optimize specific HPA TMA images for review. Then, using a playstation-style video game controller, a trained observer can rapidly step through 10's of 1000's of images to identify patterns of interest. Results: We have successfully used this method to identify 703 endothelial cell (EC) and/or smooth muscle cell (SMCs) specific proteins discovered within 49,200 heart TMA images. This list will assist us in subdividing cardiac gene or protein array data into expression by one of the predominant cell types of the myocardium: Myocytes, SMCs or ECs. Conclusions: The opportunity to further characterize unique staining patterns across a range of human tissues and malignancies will accelerate our understanding of disease processes and point to novel markers for tissue evaluation in surgical pathology.
A Study Of Curriculum Issues Related To Teaching Accounting Information Systems

This paper evaluates factors that educators believe contribute to an effective AIS course. Based on a survey of 100 faculty members, there is a lack of consensus about whether to include a computerized simulation in AIS, but respondents who do are less satisfied with the course than those who do not. Faculty members who are very satisfied with their AIS course consider coverage of internal controls and transaction cycles to be most important.