cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Immunoreactivity for the β 2 and β 3 Subunits of the GABA A Receptor in the Mammalian Spinal Cord

The localization of GABAA receptors in cat and rat spinal cord was analyzed using two monoclonal antibodies specific for an epitope shared by the beta 2 and beta 3 subunits of the receptor. beta 2/beta 3-subunit immunoreactivity was the most intense in inner lamina II, lamina III, and lamina X, and it was the least intense in lamina IX. In laminae I-III, generally, the staining had a rather diffuse appearance, but the surfaces of small cell bodies in these laminae were outlined clearly by discrete labeling, as were many cell bodies and dendrites in deeper laminae. Rhizotomy experiments and ultrastructural observations indicated that beta 2/beta 3-subunit immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn was largely localized in intrinsic neuropil elements rather than in the terminals of primary afferent fibers, even though labeling overlapped with the terminal fields of different types of primary afferents and was also detected on the membranes of dorsal root ganglion neurons. With few exceptions (most notably, a highly immunoreactive group of dorsolaterally located cells in the cat lumbar ventral horn), motoneurons expressed low levels of beta 2/beta 3-subunit immunoreactivity. Labeling of neuronal membranes was fairly continuous, but focal accumulations of beta 2/beta 3-subunit immunoreactivity were also detected using immunofluorescence. Focal "hot spots" correlated ultrastructurally with the presence of synaptic junctions. Dual-color immunofluorescence revealed that focal accumulations of beta 2/beta 3-subunit immunoreactivity were frequently apposed by glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-immunoreactive terminals. However, the density of continuous-membrane beta 2/beta 3 immunolabeling and GAD terminal density were not correlated in many individual neurons. The results suggest the existence of "classical" (synaptic) and "nonclassical" (paracrine) actions mediated via spinal cord GABAA receptors. The study also revealed the relative paucity of beta 2/beta 3-subunit immunoreactivity postsynaptic to certain GABAergic terminals, particularly those presynaptic to motoneurons or primary afferent terminals.
On Petersen's graph theorem

In this paper we prove the following: let G be a graph with e"G edges, which is (k - 1)-edge- connected, and with all valences >=k. Let 1==r, with no more than @?re"[email protected][email protected]? edges. The proof is based on a useful extension of Tutte's factor theorem [4,5], due to Lovasz [3]. For other extensions of Petersen's theorem, see [6,7,8].
Interactions of salts and denaturing agents with a polyacrylamide gel.

Abstract The relative elution volumes of urea, phenol and a series of salts, including guanidine hydrochloride and tetramethylguanidine hydrochloride, from polyacrylamide and dextran gel columns have been determined. The elution positions reflect an interaction with the primary amide groups of the gel and, except for salts containing di- or trianions, are correlated with the strength of the interaction of the same compounds with acetyltetraglycine ethyl ester. The results provide further support for the hypothesis that these compounds affect the physical state of proteins by interactions with amide groups, but they shed no light on the question of whether this interaction represents a specific site binding or a less direct activity coefficient effect.
Can (Should) Case Reports Be Written for Research Use

The case report plays an invaluable role in providing psychoanalytic data for research purposes. Although case reports are limited by multiple methodological difficulties, including the selection of particular cases, the editorial choices made in selecting and arranging data, the problems of confidentiality and disguise, and the overarching issue of theoretical orientation as an inescapable aspect of the construction of a case report, these unavoidable issues can serve as additional sources of data as long as they are made explicit in the case report itself. Moreover, the very awareness of the problematic nature of the case report is connected to historical developments in psychoanalysis that have led to the current focus on the process of analysis and a particular attention to the transference–countertransference relationship. Case reports are increasingly recognized as problematic because we are now asking different questions of them, questions that highlight their distance from objective facts. At the ...
Carbohydrate-enzyme conjugates for competitive EIA

Enzyme glycoconjugates prepared from oligosaccharides or polysaccharides are efficient and durable reagents for direct, competitive enzyme immunoassays based on solid phase antibody. This assay format facilitates simple measurement of association constants and relative inhibitory power of oligosaccharides, while also providing a sensitive quantitative assay of bacterial polysaccharide antigens. Enzyme-saccharide conjugates were prepared by established glycoconjugate methodologies, and protocols for their optimal use were established by investigating the effects of solid phase antibody concentration on the kinetic equilibrium of binding for different antigen-enzyme conjugate concentrations, in the presence and absence of inhibitor. Four discrete monoclonal antibody-carbohydrate antigen systems were studied and it is demonstrated for each, that the relative inhibitory power of oligosaccharides may be readily measured in a convenient assay format, and that association constants can be extrapolated from the same assay data.
Formation of lipid inclusions in normal human leukocytes.

Normal peripheral blood leukocytes left standing at room temperature develop large inclusions which increase in number and size with time of incubation. The formation and nature of these inclusions were investigated. At 0 hour the structures were present in only 1% of the cells, whereas at 48 hr, they were in virtually all neutrophils and monocytes. Ultrastructurally, the globules measured 0.5–1.5 mu in diameter and they were usually not membrane bound. Histochemical analysis indicated that they were lipid in nature. The inclusions were separated on a sucrose density gradient and their isolation was confirmed by electron microscopy. Thin-layer chromatography of the isolated globules suggested that they consisted predominantly of triglycerides. Since it is known that the cells synthesize triglycerides at rest, it was postulated that the structures may represent the storage form for free fatty acids which may be utilized for membrane synthesis during phagocytosis.
Characterization of cross modulation in multichannel amplifiers using a statistically based behavioral modeling technique

A statistically based modeling technique is developed for characterizing in-band and out-of-band intermodulation and cross-modulation distortions in multichannel amplifier environments. The model is based on a new multiple envelope memoryless behavioral model that captures the black-box characteristics of multichannel amplifiers. A power amplifier with a two code-division multiple-access channel signal is characterized experimentally and verifies the approach.
Acceleration of Myeloid Recovery from Cyclophosphamide-induced Leukopenia by Pretreatment with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin

Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin i.p. 8 days prior to the induction of leukopenia by cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg i.p.) significantly (p less than 0.002) increased peripheral granulocyte counts on each day during the recovery from leukopenia. The recovery of lymphocyte counts was unaffected by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment. Further experiments indicated that the accelerated granulocyte recovery was the result of an earlier initiation of the recovery process rather than of the release of stored granulocytes. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin may have clinical value as a stimulator of myelopoiesis in patients rendered leukopenic by antineoplastic chemotherapy.
Use of Coarse Woody Debris by the Plant Community of a Hawaiian Montane Cloud Forest1

Many species of woody plants in Hawaiian montane forests germinate on nurse logs or epiphytically, often developing aerial roots. This study investigated the role of fallen logs, wood fragments, and other forms of coarse woody debris (CWD; 35 cm diam.) in providing habitat for woody species in a forest with waterlogged soils. Oxidation-reduction potentials (Eh) of root mats and nurse logs (−70.1 to 278.6 mV) were higher than the underlying soil horizons (−203.6 to −128.1 mV). CWD volume varied between 135.9 and 427.9 m3/ha. Live basal area varied between 18.4 and 29.7 m2/ha and increased with total CWD volume. Seedling and sapling abundances on nurse logs were correlated with moss coverage and decomposition class. Moss coverage was the only significant predictor of seedling density on nurse logs, whereas moss coverage and log volume were important for predicting sapling density. The proportion of woody plants established on logs was higher than in a younger Hawaiian montane forest site with well-drained soils.
Lagrangian air mass tracking with smart balloons during ACE-2

A 3rd-generation smart balloon designed at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Air Resources Laboratory Field Research Division, in collaboration with the University of Hawaii, was released from ship-board during the recent Second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) to provide Lagrangian air-mass tracking data. ACE-2 is the 3rd in a series of field experiments designed to study the chemical, physical, and radiative properties and processes of atmospheric aerosols and their role in climate and is organized by the international global atmospheric chemistry (IGAC) program. The adjective smart in the title of this paper refers to the fact that the buoyancy of the balloon automatically adjusts through the act of pumping air into or releasing air from the ballast portion of the balloon when it travels vertically outside a barometric pressure range set prior to release. The smart balloon design provides GPS location, barometric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, and other data via a transponder to a C130 research aircraft flying in the vicinity of the balloon. The addition of 2-way communication allows interactive control of the balloon operating parameters by an observer. A total of 3 cloudy Lagrangian experiments were conducted during the ACE-2 field program which lasted from 16 June through 26 July 1997. This paper reviews the design and capability of the smart balloons and their performance during the ACE-2 Lagrangian experiments. Future development and applications of the technology are discussed. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00034.x
Automated data processing for a rapid 3D surface inspection system

For 3D dimensional inspection systems, point clouds measured on each viewpoint need to be processed for quality evaluation. Three steps are usually included in this process: filtering, registration, and error map generation. For quality control, small defects like dints and dents have to be kept in the point cloud. Therefore, a filtering algorithm is required to automatically remove outliers and keep dints/dents. Many filtering algorithm smooth the point cloud for better display, however, since the measured point cloud is used to represent the shape of the part, modification of any point's coordinates is not allowed because that will modify the error map. A point cloud filtering algorithm is developed using a link clustering algorithm to identify and remove outliers. Point cloud filtering is especially important in an iterative closest point (ICP)-based robot hand- eye calibration method because outliers will bring calibration errors into the calculated transformation matrix. With this technique, the cleaned point clouds can be directly transformed to a world frame for registration. This registration method has two advantages compared to feature-based registration methods: 1) the entire inspection process can be automatically executed, 2) avoid holes in point clouds caused by artificial markers. For error map generation, a point-to-plane distance is used in this paper which calculates the distance of a point to its closest triangle. The introduced automated inspection system had been implemented on a PUMA robot system. Experimental results are described in this paper.
Cancer's Impact on Social Roles

assisted with specific physical therapy programs focused on treatment side effects, and ran supportive group activities. Additionally, a strong component of the program involved re-engaging patients in society through such activities as volunteer work, role exchanges, and bike tours. It is quite fascinating to see the types of activities Xiaomei and colleagues chose for this rehabilitation activity, which have both similarities and differences with the activities typical of integrative oncology in North America and Europe. By its use of activities directed toward re-engaging with society, this study also emphasizes the need of cancer patients to feel that they are active, contributing, and worthwhile members of their families and larger communities. Xiaomei and colleagues see retrogression in social and family functioning as a major component of the decreased quality of life that cancer patients experience. In fact, they state that the extent of damage to social functions is even worse than the damage to the body or the mind. As I have told patients for many years, cancer involves a major alteration in one’s biography as well as an alteration in biology. Changes in social roles follow from cancer symptoms, treatment side effects, disfigurement, fatigue, problems with activities of daily living, worries about recurrence, and concerns with being a burden on loved ones. These changes in social roles and possibilities are a concern for patients around the globe. Nearly 40% of Danish cancer patients in a recent survey reported high levels of distress, primarily from worries about spouses, household duties, and financial problems, as well as lack of collaboration between health care and social services. 1 About a fifth of this group required assistance in emotional, legal, financial, and practical problems in the home. A study of a multiethnic group of breast cancer patients in the United States found that among all the different ethnic groups, concerns with burdening families, worry about children, changes in gender roles, and balancing obligations of self-sacrifice for the sake of family with the need for self-care as a cancer patient were very real issues that impacted health-related quality of life. 2
Fixed effects models with time invariant variables: a theoretical note

Abstract This paper demonstrates the equivalence between a consistent two-stage GLS estimator and the pooled OLS estimator of the coefficients on time invariant covariates in an unbalanced FE panel. In general the estimated standard errors differ between these two procedures.
GNAI2 and regulators of G protein signaling as a potential Noonan syndrome mechanism

Summary Noonan syndrome (NS OMIM 163950) is a relatively common autosomal dominant developmental disorder characterized by short stature, specific facial features, and congenital cardiac anomalies. Approximately 50–66% of cases have defined mutations in the K-ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway that lead to constitutive signaling, but a significant number remain unexplained. We hypothesize that enhanced signaling through Gα i2 (from the GNAI2 gene) may also produce a NS-like phenotype. This is based on a recently described mouse model in which RGS-mediated inhibition of Gα i2 is prevented by a knock-in mutation (G184S) that blocks RGS binding [Huang et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 2006;26:6870–9]. The mice have short body length, cardiac hypertrophy, a triangular face with wide-set eyes and ears, and hematologic alterations. There is a slight increase in ERK activation and a pronounced enhancement of PI3K/Akt phosphorylation in MEFs from these mice suggesting that abnormal increases in Gα i2 signaling could represent a novel upstream mechanism for NS. This suggests a novel set of candidate genes for NS (GNAI2 and RGS proteins) and if validated could have important implications for therapy as well.
Illness perceptions among adults at risk for diabetes.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine diabetes illness perceptions among a sample of at-risk adults according to specific characteristics that make them vulnerable to diabetes.MethodsAt-ri...
Simultaneous Pipelining in QPipe: Exploiting Work Sharing Opportunities Across Queries

Data warehousing and scientific database applications operate on massive datasets and are characterized by complex queries accessing large portions of the database. Concurrent queries often exhibit high data and computation overlap, e.g., they access the same relations on disk, compute similar aggregates, or share intermediate results. Unfortunately, run-time sharing in modern database engines is limited by the paradigm of invoking an independent set of operator instances per query, potentially missing sharing opportunities if the buffer pool evicts data early.
Efficient analytical determination of the SEU-induced pulse shape

Single event upsets (SEUs) have become problematic for both combinational and sequential circuits in the deep sub-micron era due to device scaling, lowered supply voltages and higher operating frequencies. To design radiation tolerant circuits efficiently, techniques are required to analyze the effects of a radiation particle strike on a circuit early in the design flow, and hence evaluate the circuit's resilience to SEU events. For an accurate estimation of the SEU tolerance of a circuit, it is important to consider the effects of electrical masking. This is typically done by performing circuit simulations, which are slow. In this paper, we present an analytical model for the determination of the shape of radiation-induced voltage glitches in combinational circuits. The output of our approach can be propagated to the primary outputs of the circuit using existing tools, thereby modeling the effects of electrical masking. This enables an accurate and quick evaluation of the SEU robustness of a circuit. Experimental results demonstrate that our model is very accurate, with a very low root mean square percentage error in the estimation of the shape of the voltage glitch of (4.5%) compared to SPICE. Our model gains its accuracy by using a non-linear model for the load current of the gate, and by considering the effect of τ β on the radiation induced voltage glitch. Our analytical model is very fast (275x faster than SPICE) and accurate, and can therefore be easily incorporated in a design flow to estimate the SEU tolerance of circuits early in the design process.
Preliminary comp arison of helical tomotherapy and mixed beams of unmodulated electrons and intensity modulated radiation therapy for treating superficial cancers of the parotid gland and nasal cavity

To investigate combining unmodulated electron beams with intensity-modulated radiation therapy to improve dose distributions for superficial head and neck cancers, and to compare mixed beam plans with helical tomotherapy. Mixed beam and helical tomotherapy dose plans were developed for two patients with parotid gland tumors and two patients with nasal cavity tumors. Mixed beam plans consisted of various weightings of a enface electron beam and IMRT, which was optimized after calculation of the electron dose to compensate for heterogeneity in the electron dose distribution within the target volume. Helical tomotherapy plans showed dose conformity and homogeneity in the target volume that was equal to or better than the mixed beam plans. Electron-only plans tended to show the lowest doses to normal tissues, but with markedly worse dose conformity and homogeneity than in the other plans. However, adding a 20% IMRT dose fraction (i.e., IMRT:electron weighting = 1:4) to the electron plan restored target conformity and homogeneity to values comparable to helical tomotherapy plans, while maintaining lower normal tissue dose. Mixed beam treatments offer some dosimetric advantages over IMRT or helical tomotherapy for target depths that do not exceed the useful range of the electron beam. Adding a small IMRT component (e.g., IMRT:electron weighting = 1:4) to electron beam plans markedly improved target dose homogeneity and conformity for the cases examined in this study.
c-Myb binds to a sequence in the proximal region of the RAG-2 promoter and is essential for promoter activity in T-lineage cells

The RAG-2 gene encodes a component of the V(D)J recombinase which is essential for the assembly of antigen receptor genes in B and T lymphocytes. Previously, we reported that the transcription factor BSAP (PAX-5) regulates the murine RAG-2 promoter in B-cell lines. A partially overlapping but distinct region of the proximal RAG-2 promoter was also identified as an important element for promoter activity in T cells; however, the responsible factor was unknown. In this report, we present data demonstrating that c-Myb binds to a Myb consensus site within the proximal promoter and is critical for its activity in T-lineage cells. We show that c-Myb can transactivate a RAG-2 promoter-reporter construct in cotransfection assays and that this transactivation depends on the proximal promoter Myb consensus site. By using a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) strategy, fractionation of chromatin with anti-c-Myb antibody specifically enriched endogenous RAG-2 promoter DNA sequences. DNase I genomic footprinting revealed that the c-Myb site is occupied in a tissue-specific fashion in vivo. Furthermore, an integrated RAG-2 promoter construct with mutations at the c-Myb site was not enriched in the ChIP assay, while a wild-type integrated promoter construct was enriched. Finally, this lack of binding of c-Myb to a chromosomally integrated mutant RAG-2 promoter construct in vivo was associated with a striking decrease in promoter activity. We conclude that c-Myb regulates the RAG-2 promoter in T cells by binding to this consensus c-Myb binding site.
Serum perfluorooctanoic acid and hepatic enzymes, lipoproteins, and cholesterol: a study of occupationally exposed men

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) produces marked hepatic effects, including hepatomegaly, focal hepatocyte necrosis, hypolipidemia, and alteration of hepatic lipid metabolism in a number of animal species. In rodents, PFOA is a peroxisome proliferator, an inducer of members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and other enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, and may not be a cancer promoter. Although PFOA is the major organofluorine compound found in humans, little information is available concerning human responses to PFOA exposure. This study of 115 occupationally exposed workers examined the cross-sectional associations between PFOA and hepatic enzymes, lipoproteins, and cholesterol. The findings indicate that there is no significant clinical hepatic toxicity at the PFOA levels observed in this study. PFOA may modulate the previously described hepatic responses to obesity and xenobiotics.
Preparation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes‐induced poly(p‐oxybenzoyl) crystals

Crystallization of oligomers was applied for the preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)/poly(p-oxybenzoyl) (POB) crystals using SWNTs as a nucleating agent. Polymerization conditions were investigated to induce the crystallization of POB oligomers through SWNTs. SWNTs/POB plate-like or lozenge-shaped crystals were successfully prepared by direct polymerization of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) in a mixed solvent of DMF/Py with TsCl in the presence of functionalized SWNTs. The size of the plate-like crystals were ∼200 nm to 3 μm. The crystals consisted of some layers, ∼3 nm thick plates. Model reactions showed that esterification reactions proceed between functionalized SWNTs and HBA monomers in the polymerization system. The obtained crystals exhibited unique morphology and high crystallinity, producing a novel SWNT/POB hybrid. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1265–1277, 2008
Activation of Sexual and Aggressive Behavior by Androgen Implanted into the Male Ring Dove Brain1

The site of action of androgen in the activation of sexual and aggressive behavior in castrate male ring doves was investigated by means of intracerebral implantation of testosterone propionate (TP). Pellet TP implants (large TP surface) area and 22, 25, and 27 gauge hypodermic tubing TP implants (surface area equal to cross sectional area of lumen) had a range of effectiveness that was inversely correlated with their surface areas. Bilateral 27 guage implants proved most effective in localization of activational sites. Most 27 gauge implants in the anterior hypothalamic-preoptic area activated sexual and aggressive behavior, but those in the preoptic area proper were particularly effective, w No distinction between the activation of copulatory, courtship, or aggressive behavior according to the location of the implants could be found. Thus these behaviors were considered to be controlled by a common neuroendocrine activational mechanism in this species. (Endocrinology 89: 1470, 1971)
Public Health Monitoring of Privilege and Deprivation With the Index of Concentration at the Extremes

Objectives. We evaluated use of the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) for public health monitoring.Methods. We used New York City data centered around 2010 to assess cross-sectional associations at the census tract and community district levels, for (1) diverse ICE measures plus the US poverty rate, with (2) infant mortality, premature mortality (before age 65 years), and diabetes mortality.Results. Point estimates for rate ratios were consistently greatest for the novel ICE that jointly measured extreme concentrations of income and race/ethnicity. For example, the census tract–level rate ratio for infant mortality comparing the bottom versus top quintile for an ICE contrasting low-income Black versus high-income White equaled 2.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.11, 4.09), but was 2.19 (95% CI = 1.59, 3.02) for low versus high income, 2.77 (95% CI = 2.02, 3.81) for Black versus White, and 1.56 (95% CI = 1.19, 2.04) for census tracts with greater than or equal to 30% versus less than 10% belo...
Transnational Exchange and the Genesis of Modern Postural Yoga

This chapter will explore the emergence of posture practice (āsana) as the primary facet of yoga in the modern, globalized world. Prior to the modern period, āsana was rarely treated as the principal aspect of a yoga sādhana. In the medieval systems of haṭhayoga, from which it is sometimes claimed that today’s popular forms derive, posture was subordinate to other practices, such as breathing (prāṇāyāma), purification (kriyā), concentration (dhāraṇā), and sound work (nāda). During the 1920s and 1930s, postural yoga began to be assimilated into the modern yoga project begun by Vivekananda. Perhaps most importantly, Shri Yogendra and Swami Kuvalayananda developed postural systems greatly informed by Western science and medicine, and by the international physical culture movement. Over time, āsana became modern, scientific, and legitimate in the eyes of the world, thanks to their efforts and to those of others, such as Tirumalai Krishnamacharya. Āsana also interacted and partially merged with Western traditions of therapeutic gymnastics, “spiritual” movement and dance, while shedding many of the esoteric aspects and bizarre practices of the original haṭhayoga.
Born from a flood: The Salton Sea and its story of survival

The Salton Sea is a terminal lake located in the deepest point of the topographically closed Salton Trough in southeastern California. It is currently the largest lake in area in the state. It was created by a flooding event along the Colorado River in 1905–1907, similar to the way historical floods over past centuries created ephemeral incarnations of ancient Lake Cahuilla in the same location. Its position at the center of today’s Imperial Valley, a hot and arid locale home to some of the most productive irrigated agricultural lands in the United States, has ensured its ongoing survival through a delicate balance between agricultural runoff, its principal form of input, and vast evaporation losses. Nevertheless, its parallel role as a recreational resource and important wildlife habitat, established over its first century of existence, is threatened by increasing salinity decreasing water quality, and reduced water allocations from the Colorado River that feeds the valley’s agriculture. The Salton Sea faces an increasingly uncertain future that will be influenced by reduced water imports from the Colorado River, demands for additional water sources to support farming and energy industries in the valley, and needs to stabilize the lake salinity, maintain recreational resources, and preserve what have become important ecosystems and wildlife habitats.
Development of the Black-Headed Budworm in the Laboratory

Two successive generations of Acleris variana (Fernald) were successfully reared in the laboratory on both western hemlock and Sitka spruce foliage. There was no difference in development time (egg to adult) between 1st generation bud worms reared at an average temperature of 66°F (range 58–71° and 2nd generation budworms reared at 71°F (range 69–72°. The average development time of budworms (egg to adult) was approximately equal when reared on hemlock and spruce. Female budworms had a longer life span (88 days) than males (77 days) when reared on either hemlock or spruce. This difference in life span was greatest in the adult stage.
Aquatic Hyphomycetes on Wood in an Estuary

Meyers, S. P., and E. S. Reynolds. 1959. Effects of wood and wood prodvcts on perithecial development by lignicolous marine Ascomycetes. Mycologia 51: 138-145. --, and J. Simms. 1967. Thalassiomycetes IX. Comparative studies of reproduction in marine Ascomycetes. Bull. Marine Sci. 17: 133-148. Poindexter, J. S. 1964. Biological properties and classification of the Caulobacter group. Bacteriol. Rev. 28: 231-295.
Accurate Propagation of Initial Uncertainty in the Two Body Problem

An accurate solution of the stochastic Liouville equation corresponding to the two body problem is presented using the method of characteristics. The divergence-free nature of the two-body dynamics is exploited to obtain the time varying state probability density function as a purely algebraic transformation of the initial state uncertainty. The method of characteristics is combined with a Markov chain Monte Carlo representation of the state uncertainty to effectively handle dimensionality issues. This leads to a compact particle representation of the state probability density that can be used directly to evaluate desired expectations.
Analytic Uncertainty and International Cooperation: Theory and Application to International Economic Policy Coordination

Recently, the problem of uncertainty has received intensified attention from international relations theorists. However, there are three gaps in the literature so far. First, the existing studies have concentrated on strategic uncertainty to the neglect of other kinds of uncertainty. Second, application has so far been limited to international security issues. Third, empirical corroboration has been limited. This article tries to fill these gaps. After distinguishing between strategic and analytic uncertainty, it demonstrates both formally and empirically that (1) analytic uncertainty can undermine international cooperation, and (2) signaling and learning could counter the adverse effects of analytic uncertainty.
Confirmation of the Rectifying Behavior in a Pentacoordinate [N2O2] Iron(III) Surfactant Using a “Eutectic GaIn | LB Monolayer | Au” Assembly

Examples of coordination compounds that act as molecular rectifiers are rare. Recently a pentacoordinate [N2O2] Fe(III) surfactant, namely [FeIII(LN2O2)Cl] (1), was studied as a Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) monolayer between two Au electrodes, “Au | LB1 | Au”. Rectification was observed, but only at low currents. In order to verify the current rectification of this species, a new setup is used, where an LB monolayer of 1 is placed between Au and a soft contact of gallium indium eutectic (EGaIn), as the “sandwich” “EGaIn/Ga2O3 | LB1 | Au”. When scanned from 0 to −1.5 V, 90% of the sandwiches remained stable, while scanning from 0 to + 1.5 V only 10% remained stable. For the scan range of ± 0.7 V, 90% of the sandwiches were stable on the first scan; about half of them could withstand repeated scans; the rectification ratios (RR) at 0.7 V ranged between 3 and 12. Pushing the bias range to ±1.0 V, the RR increased to between 50 and 150, but the sandwiches lasted for at most three full scans.
Development and evaluation of knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaire on clonorchiasis for residents

Objective To develop and evaluate a practical knowledge attitude practice(KAP) questionnaire on clonorchiasis for residents.MethodsIn consideration of the local epidemical history, the questionnaire was designed based on literature review and interviews with local residents in the epidemic area of clonorchiasis. Two rounds of expert evaluation were performed to delete and modify the items of questionnaire, and expert analysis of content validity index(CVI) was performed. In addition, questionnaire survey was performed in 60-100 local residents twice at an interval of two weeks to determine the test retest reliability(TRR).ResultsThe CVIs in the aspects of topic relevance, language clarity, and language simplicity were 0.918, 0.978, and 0.972, respectively. The overall TRR coefficient(r) was 0.823(P0.01), andrwas 0.740 in the knowledge part and 0.609 in the attitude part(P0.01).ConclusionThis questionnaire has good validity and reliability. It is suitable for the KAP survey of residents in the epidemic area of clonorchiasis and the evaluation of health education in the epidemic area.
Development and Application of Macroscopic Emission Model

The macroscopic traffic emission model is a useful tool in the wide-area emission assessment,which is typically used to calculate and develop the national or regional emission factors and inventories.China is still in the absence of its own emission model.Using models of other countries may result in substantial errors in the emission estimation.This study is to develop and program a macroscopic emission model for China based on the emission data collected in China,supplemented by some modeling data of other countries.On the basis of a comprehensive review of existing macroscopic emission models,this paper first develops the goals,structure,and modeling method of the macroscopic emission model in traffic environment for China.Then,it provides a detailed analysis on the data collection,data analysis,and calculation process for the key modules of such a model.Subsequently,it implements the model using Visual Basic language.Finally,it estimates the emissions for Beijing in 2008 with the developed model,which are also compared with results from the MOBILE emission model.
Augmentation enterocystoplasty: a critical review.

AbstractAn over-all success rate of 58.1 per cent has been achieved in 74 patients who have undergone augmentation cystoplasty. Indications for the operation included a contracted bladder secondary to interstitial cystitis in 30 patients, defunctionalized bladder in 12, neurogenic bladder in 11, radiation cystitis in 9, tuberculous cystitis in 7, chemical cystitis in 4 and pericystitis in 1. Male patients did as well as female patients. Specific indications for the operation did not seem to influence success rate, although augmentation cystoplasty used as part of a planned undiversion had a significantly lower success rate (45 per cent) than when cystoplasty was used with an intact urinary tract (66.7 per cent). The segment of bowel used did not seem to influence results. Patients who underwent associated bladder neck revision seemed to do better, while no benefit was noted in patients who had a supratrigonal excision of the diseased detrusor. Complications were eliminated in 82 per cent of the patients, ...
Cancer clinical trial enrollment of diverse and underserved patients within an urban safety net hospital.

BACKGROUND Enrollment rates onto cancer clinical trials are low and reflect a small subset of the population of which even fewer participants come from populations of racial or ethnic diversity or low socioeconomic status. There is a need to increase enrollment onto cancer clinical trials with a focus on recruitment of a diverse, underrepresented patient population. OBJECTIVE To use the electronic medical record (EMR) to understand the eligibility and enrollment rates for all available cancer trials in the ambulatory care setting at an urban safety net hospital to identify specific strategies for enhanced accrual onto cancer clinical trials of diverse and underserved patients. METHODS A clinical trial screening note was created for the EMR by the clinical trials office at an urban safety net hospital. 847 cancer clinical trial screening notes were extracted from the EMR between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2010. During that time, 99 cancer trials were registered for accrual, including clinical treatment, survey, data repository, imaging, and symptom management trials. Data on eligibility, enrollment status, and relationship to sociodemographic status were compared. LIMITATIONS This is a single-institution and retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that a formal process of tracking cancer clinical trial screens using an EMR can document baseline rates of institution-specific accrual patterns and identify targeted strategies for increasing cancer clinical trial enrollment among a vulnerable patient population. Offering nontreatment trials may be an important and strategic method of engaging this vulnerable population in clinical research.
New concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment of allergic asthma

This review delineates the currently accepted, multifaceted approach to the care of an asthmatic patient. Therapy is based on our improved understanding of the pathophysiology of this complex disease, in which IgE and mediators derived from many cells contribute to airway inflammation. The latest trends in therapy involve the institution of anti-inflammatory medications relatively early in disease. With the recent availability of a novel class of therapies, the leukotriene antagonists, and other therapies based on antagonism of adhesion molecules, cytokines, chemokines, or IgE itself, the future may provide additional alternatives for the physician treating patients with asthma.
Ladies, Gentlemen, and Servants: Virtue and the Domestic Ideal

Virtue is an amorphous quality, based as it is upon culturally assigned and constructed notions of conduct and morality; however, several definitions of virtue were in circulation in eighteenth-century England, most of which depended upon the individual’s class, sex, and religious belief, though other traits and characteristics could inform the type and level of virtue possessed. All definitions of virtue referenced, influenced, informed, and reinforced each other, yet all species of virtue, as articulated and understood in eighteenth-century England, were defined in relation to patrician virtue and Christian virtue. (When speaking of class, I employ it, as J. C. D. Clark does, to mean “rank, order, station, degree and calling.”1)
Unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantation using high-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide (BU-CY) for the preparative regimen.

This study reviews results of a radiation-free preparative regimen consisting of busulfan and cyclophosphamide in 65 unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. Thirty-eight patients had chronic myelogenous leukemia (17 patients chronic phase, 13 patients accelerated phase, eight patients blast phase), 19 patients had acute leukemia (second complete remission or relapse) and eight patients had myelodysplasia. The patients were transplanted at four different medical centers from July 1988 to November 1992. Ages ranged 4-48 years (median 32). Fifty-seven patients received busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg, and eight received busulfan at doses between 15 and 17 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide at doses 100-200 mg/kg as preparative regimens. All patients received cyclosporine for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis; in addition 46 patients received corticosteroid, 38 methotrexate, six anti-CD5 ricin A-immunotoxin, and four T cell-depleted bone marrow. Median follow-up of survivors was 53 months (range 15-68 months). Four year actuarial survival was 24 +/- 12%. Four-year survival based on disease was 29 +/- 27% for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase, 20 +/- 9% for chronic myelogenous leukemia in accelerated phase, 0% for chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast phase, 32 +/- 40% for acute leukemia, and 38 +/- 34% for myelodysplasia. Actuarial survival was 66 +/- 40% in patients age 40 years. Fifty patients (88%) engrafted. Graft failure occurred in eight patients. Acute graft-versus-host disease grade II-IV occurred in 36 (72%). Two patients relapsed after engraftment with the donor cells and died of leukemia within a month of relapse. The most common causes of death were graft-versus-host disease (37%), and transplant-related toxicity (59%); relapse (4%) was a rare cause of death. Busulfan/cyclophosphamide is an effective preparative regimen in unrelated bone marrow transplantation permitting adequate engraftment and a low relapse rate. Best results are observed in patients less than 20 years old.
Myths and Realities about Words and Literacy

Six myths about beginning and developing reading instruction are examined and debunked. The importance of teaching phonological awareness and decoding in beginning reading and of teaching syllable ...
PWE-061A Differentiating ibd and ibs using faecal calprotectin testing: an audit of optimal cut-off points

Introduction Faecal Calprotectin testing is a relatively new diagnostic test. It is recommended by NICE (2013) but noted that optimal cut off points require more evidence to enhance the clinical decisions being made. This study reports on the results received in a hospital laboratory during a nine month period, the patient’s following tests and diagnosis, and how this will inform and impact upon the current guidelines for practice. Method The Biochemistry department reported a total of 1113 orginal Calprotectin Tests performed between the period of nine months. This was sent in the form of a database. Each of these patients left in the database were assessed to see if they were referred to the Gastroenterology or Colorectal team in the hospital and then if they were, whether they went onto having a scope. If this did occur the result was documented. Results Conclusion Looking at the results we can see some very striking patterns indicating that a positive Faecal Calprotectin Stool Test is an effective demonstrator of likely IBD. The data can also be interpreted to show that all parties are aware of this fact and are responding accordingly. The key points are: Calprotectin tests are an effective demonstrator of likely IBD. Measuring levels allows avoidance of unnecessary diagnostic interventions making it cost effective. Highly raised Calprotectin results (1001–1800) can be justification for going straight to test, avoiding a unnecessary clinic appointments, as potentially 80%+ will have IBD. Unless symptoms are acute, in which case a stool MC and S should also be performed to rule out infectious causes. Reference ranges and guidance currently used needs rising as low calprotectin levels rarely lead to IBD diagnosis References . NICE, 2013. Faecal calprotectin tests for inflammatory disease of the bowel [online]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/dg11. [Accessed: 27/07/2016]. . Patient.info, 2014. Irritable bowel syndrome [online]. Available from: http://patient.info/pdf/2854.pdf . The IBS network, 2016. What is IBD? [online]. Available from: https://www.theibsnetwork.org/have-i-got-ibs/what-is-ibs/. [Accessed: 27/07/2016]. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
On the Relationship Between Microstructure of the Cortical Bone and its Overall Elastic Properties

The relationship between microstructure of the cortical bone and its effective elastic properties is discussed. We utilize results of Kachanov et al (1994) on materials with cracks/pores of diverse shapes. Bone's microstructure is modeled using available micrographs. The calculated anisotropic elastic constants for porous cortical bone are compared with available experimental data. For Young's moduli and shear moduli the agreement is good, whereas Poisson's ratios differ significantly. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed.
Algorithms & Protocols Towards Energy-Efficiency in Wireless Networks

A plethora of wireless technologies promise ubiquitous communication in the future. A major impediment to this vision is limited energy supply from batteries in these devices. Energy supply has far reaching implications on user experience as well as practicality of many envisaged applications. The energy consumed for radio communication in these devices is a major factor in the operating lifetimes of these devices. This calls for design of network protocols and algorithms that reduce energy consumption due to the wireless interface. In this dissertation we look at three emerging application scenarios of wireless networks and present our solutions to make radio communication energy-efficient in these scenarios. We first look at the scenario of VoIP calls over wireless LANs where we propose an algorithm to reduce energy wasted in the idle mode of the wireless interface. We show that, in spite of the interactive, real-time nature of voice, energy consumption during calls can be reduced by close to 80% in most instances. Next, we consider the scenario of tag anti-collision protocols for radio frequency identification (RFID) systems and propose three protocols that reduce energy consumption due to packet collisions. We demonstrate that all three protocols provide 40-70% energy savings both at the reader and tags (if they are active tags). Finally, we consider topology control algorithms for wireless mesh networks that derive transmit power levels that prove to be energy-efficient. We propose a non-uniform model of gain for nodes using switched-beam directional antennas and develop algorithms for this model introducing antenna orientation as a parameter in topology construction. Through our evaluations, we demonstrate that 20-40% power level reductions are possible by our approach.