cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitrate- and molybdenum-independent signal transduction mutations in narX that alter regulation of anaerobic respiratory genes in Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli can respire anaerobically by reducing nitrate, trimethylamine-N-oxide, dimethyl sulfoxide, or fumarate. When nitrate is present, expression of the genes for fumarate (frdABCD), trimethylamine-N-oxide, and dimethyl sulfoxide (dmsABC) is repressed while expression of the nitrate reductase (narGHJI) gene is induced. This regulation requires molybdate and is mediated by the narX and narL gene products, which together form a two-component regulatory system. We provide evidence that NarX is a nitrate and molybdenum sensor which activates NarL when nitrate is available to cells. Mutants generated by hydroxylamine mutagenesis were repressed for frdA-lacZ expression even when cells were grown in the absence of nitrate. The mutations responsible for three of these nitrate independence (NarX*) phenotypes were localized to narX and further characterized in vivo for their ability to repress frdA-lacZ expression. Two of the mutants (the narX64 and narX71 mutants) had a greatly reduced requirement for molybdenum to function but still responded to nitrate. In contrast, a third mutant (the narX32 mutant) required molybdenum but did not exhibit full repression of frdA-lacZ expression even when nitrate was present. These narX* alleles also caused the induction of nitrate reductase gene expression and the repression of a dmsA-lacZ fusion in the absence of nitrate. Each narX* mutation was determined to lie in an 11-amino-acid region of the NarX polypeptide that follows a proposed transmembrane domain. We suggest that the conformation of the narX* gene products is altered such that even in the absence of nitrate each of these gene products more closely resembles the wild-type NarX protein when nitrate is present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thyroid Hormone Regulation of N‐Methyl‐d‐Aspartic Acid Receptor Subunit mRNA Expression in Adult Brain

Thyroid hormone is an essential modulator of brain development, but little is known about its actions in the adult brain. Hypothyroidism is associated with gene expression changes in both central and peripheral nervous tissue. Functional consequences of adult-onset hypothyroidism include an inability to produce long-term potentiation in rat hippocampus and impaired learning and memory in both rats and man. Long-term potentiation is a form of learning that is dependent on functional N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-preferring ionotropic glutamate receptors. This work examines the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit mRNA following surgical thyroidectomy with or without thyroid hormone replacement. In situ hybridization histochemistry was used to determine the mRNA levels of the NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, NR2B, the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1, and the kainate receptor subunit KA2. Reducing circulating concentrations of thyroid hormone by surgical removal of the thyroid gland 2 weeks before sacrifice decreased the expression of NR1 mRNA exclusively in the hippocampus. Conversely, hyperthyroidism selectively reduced NR2B mRNA expression in the dorsal hippocampus. Altering thyroid hormone status had no effect on the expression of KA2 or GluR1 subunit mRNA. The regulation of expression of NR1 and NR2B mRNA by thyroid hormone is a novel mechanism for explaining the relationship between thyroid hormone and cognitive function.
Writing Social Justice in Women’s Epistolary Fictions: Sade Adeniran, Hope Keshubi, & Myriam Warner-Vieyra

This article examines how female writing narrators engage social issues. It looks at unjust inheritance laws in Going Solo (1997) by Ugandan author Hope Keshubi; child abuse in Imagine This (2007) by Nigerian-English author Sade Adeniran; and treatment of the mentally ill in Juletane (1987) by Guadaloupean-Senegalese author Myriam Warner-Vieyra. The female writing characters in these novels show diverse coping strategies in their writing, from surviving abuse in the safe space of imagination to trying to make peace with one’s enemy through writing; they use similes and metaphors to express and manage their pain. Intimacy established by the writing narrators’ literary techniques, such as similes, use of narratees, dreams and parables creates empathy and identification, elements essential for social justice.
Cultural Studies in Sociology

Cultural Studies as Critical Theory, by Ben Agger. Symbolic Interactionism and Cultural Studies, by Norman K. Denzin.
Some Developments in Aristotle's Conception of Magnanimity

The treatment of magnanimity in Aristotle's three ethical works gives us an opportunity to compare his different discussions, and his different treatments of common-sense views and various ideals of magnanimity. Comparison of the three Ethics suggests that the Nichomaechean Ethics provides the latest and best treatment of this virtue.
Predictors of colorectal cancer screening participation in the United States.

Abstract Objective Our aim was to identify predictors of colorectal cancer screening in the United States and subgroups with particularly low rates of screening. Methods The responses to a telephone-administered questionnaire of a nationally representative sample of 61,068 persons aged ≥50 yr were analyzed. Current screening was defined as either sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy in the preceding 5 years or fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) in the preceding year, or both. Results Overall, current colorectal cancer screening was reported by 43.4% (sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy by 22.8%, FOBT by 9.9%, and both by 10.7%). The lowest rates of screening were reported by the following subgroups: those aged 50–54 yr (31.2%), Hispanics (31.2%), Asian/Pacific Islanders (34.8%), those with education less than the ninth grade (34.4%), no health care coverage (20.4%), or coverage by Medicaid (29.2%), those who had no routine doctor’s visit in the last year (20.3%), and every-day smokers (32.1%). The most important modifiable predictors of current colorectal cancer screening were health care coverage (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.5–1.9) and a routine doctor’s visit in the last year (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 3.2–3.8). FOBT was more common in women than in men (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.6–2.0); sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy was more common in Hispanics (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1–1.7) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (OR = 2.4, 95% = CI 1.5–3.9) relative to whites, in persons without routine doctor’s visits in the preceding year (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 2.8–4), and in persons with poor self-reported health (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2–1.5). Conclusions Interventions should be developed to improve screening for the subgroups who reported the lowest screening rates. Such interventions may incorporate individual screening strategy preferences.
MR Angiography of the Abdomen and Pelvis

Magnetic resonance (MR) angiographic techniques optimize the visualization of the vasculature at MR imaging. MR angiography has several advantages over Doppler ultrsonography and computed tomographic angiography, with adaptable protocols to answer specific clinical questions. Novel noncontrast MR angiographic techniques now enable assessment of the abdominopelvic vasculature without administration of gadolinium-based contrast media. This article reviews MR angiographic techniques and discusses applications for arterial and venous evaluation in the abdomen and pelvis.
Mechanism for spurious structures in photoionization calculations in the independent-particle approximation.

A mechanism of unphysical structures in photoionization cross sections calculated in the independent-particle approximation (IPA) has been identified, in a study of the nature of near-threshold structures in the energy dependence of the krypton 3p photoionization, generated in the Hartree-Fock-Slater-Latter approximation
Do certain groups of children profit from early retention? A follow‐up study of kindergartners with attention problems

This study re-examines the issue of whether or not early retention results in positive long-term academic and behavioral outcomes for a subgroup of kindergarten children with attention problems. Participants in this investigation were 40 children (25 retained and 15 promoted) with high inattention, drawn from a sample of 62 children (32 retained and 30 promoted) who had taken part in an earlier study on the effects of early retention. The results of this investigation do not support the notion that pre-elementary school retention is a beneficial educational intervention for children with academic and/or behavior difficulties. At the end of second grade there were no consistent academic benefits for retained children with attention problems. Further, the high inattention scores that were accompanied by increased problems in other behavior domains, did not improve as a result of repeating the kindergarten curriculum. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hybrid Solar Cells From Silicon Nanocrystals and Conductive Polymers

Hybrid solar cells based on blends of a conjugated polymer, poly-3(hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) have been developed and characterized. The properties of composite Si NCs/P3HT films which were spun from 1, 2-dichlorobenzene were studied. Under A.M. 1.5 direct illumination conditions (100mW/cm2 ), devices made with 50wt% 3–5nm Si NCs showed 1.33% power conversion efficiency (PCE) and had a 30% incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency at 470 nm.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Analytic derivative couplings for spin-flip configuration interaction singles and spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory.

We revisit the calculation of analytic derivative couplings for configuration interaction singles (CIS), and derive and implement these couplings for its spin-flip variant for the first time. Our algorithm is closely related to the CIS analytic energy gradient algorithm and should be straightforward to implement in any quantum chemistry code that has CIS analytic energy gradients. The additional cost of evaluating the derivative couplings is small in comparison to the cost of evaluating the gradients for the two electronic states in question. Incorporation of an exchange-correlation term provides an ad hoc extension of this formalism to time-dependent density functional theory within the Tamm-Dancoff approximation, without the need to invoke quadratic response theory or evaluate third derivatives of the exchange-correlation functional. Application to several different conical intersections in ethylene demonstrates that minimum-energy crossing points along conical seams can be located at substantially redu...
Cripto/GRP78 modulation of the TGF-β pathway in development and oncogenesis

Cripto is a small, GPI-anchored signaling protein that regulates cellular survival, proliferation, differentiation and migration during normal developmental processes and tumorigenesis. Cripto functions as an obligatory co-receptor for the TGF-β ligands Nodal, GDF1 and GDF3 but attenuates signaling of others such as activin-A, activin-B and TGF-β1. Soluble, secreted forms of Cripto also activate Src, ras/raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways via a mechanism that remains largely obscure. This review describes the biological roles and signaling mechanisms of Cripto, highlighting our identification of the 78 kDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78) as a cell surface receptor/co-factor required for Cripto signaling via both TGF-β and Src/MAPK/PI3K pathways. We discuss emerging evidence indicating that Cripto/GRP78 signaling regulates normal somatic stem cells and their tumorigenic counterparts.
Arterial Blood Flow During Elevated Intrapulmonary and Intra-Abdominal Pressures

SummaryAnesthetized dogs were subjected to 3–21 mm Hg CPPB or AbPB. Carotid and femoral arterial blood flow and mean carotid pressure decreased inversely proportional to increasing CPPB while femoral pressure remained essentially unaltered. Thus vascular resistance was significantly elevated only in the femoral circulation. In general, since all levels of AbPB were without effect except for the slight depression in femoral flow, the data suggest that elevations in abdominal pressure which occur during CPPB do not play a significant role in the restoration of circulatory parameters.
A palpable, obstructing carcinoma of the colon incarcerated within a large ventral hernia

Uncovering the etiology of a bowel obstruction in a patient with a hernia represents a diagnostic dilemma. Although the hernia is often initially the presumptive cause of the bowel obstruction, obstructive carcinoma or another pathological process hidden by the hernia are important considerations. Here we describe a case of a man with an obstructing neoplasm of the colon within a large ventral hernia, whose constipation was initially attributed to incarceration of the hernia.
Organic contaminant behavior during rapid infiltration of secondary wastewater at the phoenix 23rd avenue project

Abstract Movement of trace organic pollutants during rapid infiltration of secondary wastewater for groundwater recharge was studied at the 23rd Avenue Rapid Infiltration Project in Phoenix, Arizona. Samples of the wastewater applied to the spreading basins and of renovated water taken from monitoring wells were characterized for priority pollutants and other specific organic compounds using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The concentrations of organic constituents were affected by volatilization, biodegradation and sorption processes. Nonhalogenated aliphatics and aromatic hydrocarbons exhibited concentration decreases of 50–99% during soil percolation. Halogenated organic compounds were generally removed to a lesser extent. Concentrations of trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and pentachloroanisole appeared to be significantly higher in the renovated water than in the basin water, reasons for this behavior remain unclear. Many organic contaminants were detected in the groundwater indicating such systems should be designed to localize contamination of the aquifer. Chlorination of the wastewater had no significant effect on concentrations and types of trace organic compounds.
The future of dementia: a case of hardening of the categories.

The concept of dementia, even the label itself, is changing. The Japanese have mounted a public health campaign to eliminate and replace the former term “chi ho,” which includes the pejorative connotations found in English and other Western languages. Even Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V is proposing to eliminate the word and replace it with Major Neurocognitive Syndrome. Along with many others, we have asked for a broader conception of progressive cognitive impairment. This conception, described in our recent dynamic polygon hypothesis, 1 incorporates a more complex view of the nature of dementia and regards dementia as a term which encompasses processes that require lifespan prevention and social and medical approaches. We are recognizing that most older people with dementia likely have a mixed pattern of pathologies, often involving degenerative and vascular effects that are difficult to differentiate. Finally, despite many efforts to differentiate clinically between normal and pathological brain and cognitive changes, no absolute separations have been found. This difficulty is illustrated by so-called Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (and all its subtypes and now early and late forms), a controversial term especially when applied outside of a research context, where the challenges of applying labels along a variety of continua of changes are particularly well exposed. Frustrations with clinical testing, particularly when it is used to detect early changes, are causing some worrisome trends such as attempts to use clinically unvalidated biomarkers to identify dementias such as Alzheimer disease (AD), which itself is increasingly being recognized as heterogeneous and being closely related to brain aging processes. So, what do the clinical studies reported in this issue contribute to these debates about the future of dementia?
Dodecylated Large Fullerenes: An Unusual Class of Solids

The large fullerenes that are formed during the synthesis of C60 by the arc discharge technique can be solubilized by reductive alkylation. The mass range of dodecylated large fullerenes determined by laser desorption ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry was found to be 650−3500 amu. The solubility of the dodecylated large fullerenes in chloroform is 15.7 g/L as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images show the expected nontubular, ring-shaped contrast resembling large fullerenes attached to dodecyl groups. The dodecylated large fullerenes have distinctly different behavior than regular organic molecules in dipolar dephasing, magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C MAS NMR) experiments. Thermal gravimetric analysis and 13C MAS NMR experiments indicate that there is 1 dodecyl group for every 23 sp2 fullerene carbon atoms, that the quaternary aliphatic carbons generated upon dodecylation give signals considerably more shielded than ...
Rhetoric of Reason, Rhetoric of Passion Sociolinguistic Aspects of Instrumental and Expressive Rhetorics

This article examines dilemmas of language use and interpretation, both in scholarly and vernacular speech settings, that render instrumental and normative attributions of motives problematic. These problems derive from the ambiguous status of utterances. Morally expressive and instrumental rhetorics, as used by folk actors, each may confer benefits, generate expressive solidarity, or indicate moral ends. Decision heuristics that fail to take this performative complexity into account compromise the methodological adequacy of scholarly depictions of motives and increase the risk of interpretive errors. Theorists of rational choice may discount spoken and written language as a reliable estimator of motives, thereby missing the underlying normative ideals which such rhetorics presuppose, deny, or obscure. Normative theorists may engage in the equally context-denying procedure of taking moral professions at face value, thereby missing the utilities and functions realized by normative talk. To the extent that ...
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Combining ZnO Nanotip Arrays and Nonliquid Gel Electrolytes

We present a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using a nanostructured ZnO photoelectrode and a gel electrolyte. The photoelectrode consists of well-aligned ZnO nanotips on a Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) transparent conducting film. The GZO film (400 nm, sheet resistance ~25 Ω/sq, transmittance over 85% in the visible wavelength) and ZnO nanotips (3.2 μm length) are sequentially grown on a glass substrate using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The ZnO photoelectrode is sensitized with dye N719 and impregnated with N-methyl pyrolidinone (NMP) gelled with poly(vinyl-difluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene) copolymer (PVDF-HFP). The cell exhibits an open-circuit voltage of 726 mV and a power conversion efficiency of 0.89% under one sun illumination. The aging testing shows that the cell using a gel electrolyte has better stability than its liquid electrolyte counterpart.
Methanol dehydrogenation in a slurry reactor: evaluation of copper chromite and iron/titanium catalysts

Abstract The dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde is a cornerstone in the concept of environmentally-benign synthesis through in situ generation of formaldehyde. This reaction was studied in a slurry reactor at temperatures between 598 and 673 K over four different catalysts: Raney copper, copper chromite, 3% Mn/copper chromite and iron/titanium (FeTi) alloy. The three copper-based catalysts were effective at promoting methanol dehydrogenation, and the differences in activity and selectivity between these catalysts were relatively small at 598 K, 2.75 MPa, 10/1 N2/methanol feed ratio, and 12,000 sL/kg-hr space velocity. At these conditions, methyl formate was the primary product with the copper catalysts, and the formaldehyde concentration was near chemical equilibrium with Raney copper and 3% Mn/copper chromite. The FeTi catalyst was ineffective on a weight basis, although its activity was comparable to the copper catalysts on a surface area basis. Deactivation of the copper chromite catalyst was relatively slow at 673 K, after an initial period of stabilization. The slurry liquid, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ), was dehydrogenated and alkylated to some extent during the reaction.
Supersymmetric quantum electrodynamics and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking

Abstract Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in supersymmetric quantum electrodynamics is studied by examining the self-consistent Schwinger-Dyson equations. The equations admit only the trivial solution indicating an absence of mass generation. This is consistent with a non-perturbative, non-renormalization theorem. We also address the case of an explicitly softly broken supersymmetry and find non-trivial solutions to the gap equation for sufficiently strong coupling.
Marriage Expectations Among African American Couples in Early Adulthood: A Dyadic Analysis.

Using Family and Community Health Study data consisting of 168 unmarried, primarily African American couples, the current study sought to understand the dyadic interplay among school, work, and partner-specific marriage expectations in early adulthood. Drawing on the economic prospects, adult transitions, and work – family literatures, the authors hypothesized and found ample support that expectations to marry a romantic partner were linked not only to one’s own school and work-related experiences but also to those of a partner. These associations held while controlling for relationship satisfaction, general views of marriage, and other covariates that have been posited to explain racial inequalities in relationship and marriage patterns. Furthermore, the authors found that actor covariates of marital expectations differed from partner covariates, a finding that highlights the advantages of dyadic analyses in helping researchers understand marriage as both a developmental and interpersonal process.
SEABIRD OBSERVATIONS BETWEEN DAKAR AND CAPE TOWN, DECEMBER 1973–JANUARY 1974

Summary Summerhayes, C. P. 1976. Seabird observations between Dakar and Cape Town, December 1973—January 1974. Ostrich 47:55-58. En route between Dakar and Cape Town, during the southern summer of 1973–1974, the greatest number of species and generally the largest numbers of seabirds were seen over the productive upwelled waters of the Benguela Current off Southern Africa. The numbers of seabirds seen at this time was less than during the winter months off southern Africa. These observations tend to confirm that the movements of migrant species are concentrated in the Benguela Current region within about 200 km of the coast, rather than over the open ocean.
Premarital contraception: Research reports and problems

Premarital contraception is almost sure to be a focus of increasing professional and popular interest, especially because of its relation to out-of-wedlock conceptions. Some inventory of published and ongoing research may be of value to those who contemplate research in this area. Compared to our knowledge of contraception within marriage, our knowledge of premarital and extramarital contraception is meager. This cannot be explained fully as the result of sensitivity over a topic having to do with premarital intercourse, for both out-of-wedlock birth and premarital intercourse itself have been much more extensively studied (Ehrmann, 1959; Freedman, 1965;
An explanation for the protective effect of the MHC class II I-E molecule in murine diabetes.

INSULIN-DEPENDENT diabetes mellitus is widely believed to be an autoimmune disease1. Recent onset diabetics show destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic β -cells associated with a lymphocytic infiltrate (insulitis) 2, with autoantibodies to β-cells being found even before the onset of symptoms3. Susceptibility to the disease is strongly influenced by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II polymorphism in both man4 and experimental animal models such as the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse5. As MHC class II molecules are usually associated with dominant immune responsiveness, it was surprising that introduction of a transgenic class II molecule, I–E, protected NOD mice from insulitis and diabetes6. This could be explained by a change either in the target tissue or in the T cells presumed to be involved in β-celI destruction. Recently, several studies have shown that I–E molecules are associated with ontogenetic deletion of T cells bearing antigen/MHC receptors encoded in part by certain T-cell receptor Vβ gene segments7–11. To determine the mechanism of the protective effect of I–E, we have produced cloned CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell lines from islets of recently diabetic NOD mice. These cloned lines are islet-specific and pathogenic in both I–E− and I–E+ mice. Both CD4+ and CD8+ cloned T cells bear receptors encoded by a Vβ5 gene segment, known to be deleted during development in I–E expressing mice10. Our data provide, therefore, an explanation for the puzzling effect of I–E on susceptibility to diabetes in NOD mice.
The ontogeny of the transepidermal potential difference in frog embryos

Abstract The potential difference across the epithelia of embryos and larvae of the frog, Xenopus laevis , has been measured using glass microelectrodes. Blastocoel stage embryos had small potentials of less than 10 mV (inside positive), a value that is within the range of tip potential error. This potential began to increase during neurulation, reaching a peak of about +60 mV by the time that spontaneous movement occurred. The potential then declined as the beginning of metamorphosis approached. A substantial fraction of the peak potential appears to be due to sodium uptake from the external medium, as is the case in the adult frog.
Scattering of suprathermal ions by partially ionized impurities

The pitch‐angle scattering rate of suprathermal ions has been used as a diagnostic to measure Zeff in tokamak plasmas. The interpretation of these measurements is made somewhat obscure, however, by the presence of partially ionized impurities. Beam ions can penetrate the electron clouds of impurity ions, and experience a scattering potential intermediate between the unshielded nuclear potential and the reduced field observed well outside the electron cloud. This problem is treated by using the Thomas–Fermi statistical model for the charge density of the electron cloud of the impurities and the impulse approximation for the angular deviation resulting from a collision. An analytic approximation to the exact Thomas–Fermi potential for an ion of arbitrary charge state is found, and is used to calculate the addition required to the classical Coulomb logarithm for 10%–90% ionized impurities and for incident energies in the range (10−2–103) keV×Zn4/3, where Zn is the nuclear charge of the impurity. The correcti...
Imaging of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A with the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS)

We present new images of the supernova remnant (SNR) Cas A observed in the 24 and 70 μm bands of the Spitzer Space Telescope (Spitzer). The IR emission correlates well with the Si X-ray and optical [S II] emission but poorly with either the synchrotron-dominated radio structure or the continuum X-ray emission. The IR is therefore dominated by thermal emission from dust within the SNR and associated with emission-line gas inside the reverse shock region, confirming earlier IRAS and Infrared Space Observatory results. Supplemented by new photometric measurements from archived Midcourse Space Experiment images, we suggest stochastic heating to model the overall mid- to far-IR spectral energy distribution. The 24 and 70 μm images also reveal a counterjet to the well-known northeast jet feature imaged previously at X-ray, optical, and radio wavelengths. This IR counterjet corresponds well with (optical) fast-moving knots confirming its outflow nature. The opposing jetlike features define a symmetry axis that bisects the SNR and suggest that the supernova explosion was axisymmetric. The IR images also show a region in which the SNR forward shock appears to be propagating into a ~650 M⊙ molecular cloud. The new images also show other details of the surrounding ISM structure, including two groups of knots extending ~6'-12' on either side of the SNR.
Reduction by central beta-funaltrexamine of food intake in rats under freely-feeding, deprivation and glucoprivic conditions.

Abstract The present study evaluated the central effects of s-funaltrexamine (B-FNA), a non-equilibrium antagonist of μ-opioid receptors and a reversible agonist of κ-opioid receptors upon food intake in rats under freely-feeding, deprivation and glucoprivic conditions. B-FNA elicited distinct short-term and long-term actions, consistent with binding studies demonstrating its reversible κ agonist actions and its irreversible μ receptor blockade. Whereas B-FNA (1–20 μg, i.c.v.) significantly stimulated free feeding for up to 6 h, B-FNA (10–20 μg) significantly inhibited (35–41%) free feeding at 24, 48 and 72 h after injection, a pattern temporally similar to its biochemical opioid effects. Pretreatment (24 h) with B-FNA (10–20 μg) significantly inhibited (33–49%) the increased intake following 24 h of food deprivation. Pretreatment (24 h) with B-FNA (10–20 μg) also significantly inhibited (75–100%) the increased glucoprivic intake induced by 2-deoxy- d -glucose. The short-term stimulation of food intake by central B-FNA was antagonized by the selective κ antagonist, nor-binaltorphamine, but was unaffected by pretreatment 24 h earlier with the μ antagonist, B-FNA. Significant reductions in striatal (89%) and hypothalamic (46%) μ-opioid binding occurred in rats pretreated (24 h) with B-FNA; the low levels of δ binding in these structures precluded interpretation of B-FNA effects. These data indicate the importance of the μ-opioid receptor in the modulation of different forms of feeding behavior, and underscores the ability of selective opioid antagonists to delineate precise functional roles for different opioid receptor subtypes.
Impact of information and communication technologies on logistics and freight transportation: Example of vendor-managed inventories

A framework to assess the impacts of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on supply-chain and logistics operations, including the movement of freight, is presented. The framework reflects transformation of the traditional supply chain into a virtually forged one and its link to the transportation sector. To illustrate and quantify cost savings that might result from information sharing among supply-chain participants, the example of a vendor-managed-inventory (VMI) strategy in a two-echelon distribution channel is considered. Models of operation with and without VMI are developed; the results of applying the two strategies to the same demand-stream characteristics allow assessment of the impact of ICT-enabled VMI logistics strategy. Reductions in total cost are achieved across all cases considered.
A leading order imaging series for prestack data acquired over a laterally invariant acoustic medium: Analysis for bandlimited input data

Summary We are using the inverse scattering series, a multidimensional direct inversion procedure, to derive an algorithm that can accurately depth image seismic data directly in terms of an inaccurate velocity. Previously, a subseries of the inverse series had been isolated (for a 1D normal incidence experiment in an acoustic medium) that moves re∞ectors towards their correct spatial location using the inadequate reference velocity. Here, this imaging series algorithm is formulated for an experiment in which a point source explodes in a three-dimensional constant density acoustic medium where the velocity varies only in depth, thereby conflning our current study to the positioning of re∞ectors vertically. The imaging series is a cascaded series in that every term is itself an inflnite series in the recorded data. The leading order imaging series consists of the portion of each term that is leading order in the data and is therefore an approximation to the full depth imaging potential of the inverse series. It has been found to converge for large contrasts between the actual and reference medium. The flrst term locates re∞ectors at the depths dictated by the reference velocity and the data’s travel times. The remaining terms use the data’s amplitudes and travel times to shift the re∞ectors closer to their correct location. Analytic and bandlimited numerical examples demonstrate that the leading order imaging series improves the predicted depths of the re∞ectors at precritical angles, acting to ∞atten the angle gathers. We use synthetic re∞ectivity data examples to show that, even when missing zero and low temporal frequency information, the leading order imaging series locates re∞ectors closer to their actual depths than a migration with the reference velocity. For higher contrasts, or when greater accuracy is desired, then higher order imaging terms are required.
Ultrastructural response of hepatocytes to thymectomy and pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile

Summary In young female rats, thymectomy causes RER alterations and a slight increase in SER. PCN augments SER in the hepatocytes of both intact and thymectomized rats. Thymectomy prolongs zoxazolamine paralysis and PCN treatment decreases the duration of zoxazolamine paralysis both in intact and operated rats.
Image power for size analysis in in-line Fraunhofer holography

The role of total power contained within the reconstructed image in size analysis has been described. Using an aperture-limited hologram and a circular-cross-section opaque object as an example, we show that very accurate size analysis is possible by this mode of analysis.
Variations in dietary-induced thermogenesis and body fatness with aerobic capacity

Resting metabolic rate (RMR), dietary thermogenesis (DIT), aerobic capacity ( $$\dot V$$ O2 max), and percent body fat were measured in a group of sixteen women and ten men. DIT was significantly positively correlated with aerobic capacity (r=0.658). Percent body fat was significantly negatively correlated with $$\dot V$$ O2 max (r=−0.727). RMR was independent of $$\dot V$$ O2 max, or body fatness, but women had a significantly higher average RMR than men. Three men and three women participated in an endurance training program which significantly increased $$\dot V$$ O2 max. DIT was increased in proportion to the increase in aerobic capacity (r s=0.924), RMR was unchanged, and body fat decreased in males but not females. The controversy surrounding “luxuskonsumption” may stem in part from not taking into account individual differences in aerobic capacity when measuring DIT.
On cornish-fisher expansions as a ratio of determinants without cumulants

A new method of approximating one quantile of a distribution function in terms of the corresponding quantile of another distribution function is introduced. The method utilizes the Cornish-Fisher expansion so as to eliminate the requirement for knowing the cumulants while at the same time retaining the desired simplicity as well as the property of not affecting the order of the error of the approximation.
Identification of the Benzyloxyphenyl Pharmacophore: A Structural Unit That Promotes Sodium Channel Slow Inactivation

Four compounds that contained the N-benzyl 2-amino-3-methoxypropionamide unit were evaluated for their ability to modulate Na(+) currents in catecholamine A differentiated CAD neuronal cells. The compounds differed by the absence or presence of either a terminal N-acetyl group or a (3-fluoro)benzyloxy moiety positioned at the 4'-benzylamide site. Analysis of whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology data showed that the incorporation of the (3-fluoro)benzyloxy unit, to give the (3-fluoro)benzyloxyphenyl pharmacophore, dramatically enhanced the magnitude of Na(+) channel slow inactivation. In addition, N-acetylation markedly increased the stereoselectivity for Na(+) channel slow inactivation. Furthermore, we observed that Na(+) channel frequency (use)-dependent block was maintained upon inclusion of this pharmacophore. Confirmation of the importance of the (3-fluoro)benzyloxyphenyl pharmacophore was shown by examining compounds where the N-benzyl 2-amino-3-methoxypropionamide unit was replaced by a N-benzyl 2-amino-3-methylpropionamide moiety, as well as examining a series of compounds that did not contain an amino acid group but retained the pharmacophore unit. Collectively, the data indicated that the (3-fluoro)benzyloxyphenyl unit is a novel pharmacophore for the modulation of Na(+) currents.
Evaluation of The Coca‐Cola Company Travel Health Kit

Background: The Coca-Cola travel health kit has been used for about one decade for international travelers and required evaluation to see if the items contained were appropriate for the employees. Methods: Two hundred thirty-four travelers were sampled and filled out a voluntary survey including questions about demographic information, travel history, and usage and value of the contents of the travel health kit. Results: One hundred eighty-one surveys were returned; 65% of the respondents were male, and the majority of travelers were between the ages of 36 and 45 years. The most useful items were analgesics and medications used for gastrointestinal problems. In general, the items identified as being the least useful were those requiring specialized use by a medical practitioner, such as needles and syringes. Suggestions of items to be added to the kit included vitamins, cough drops, sleep aids, and eye drops. A surprising result that Coca-Cola employees expressed the desire for brand name rather than generic items. Conclusions: Evaluation of the Coca-Cola Company travel health kit revealed it to be very useful to most corporate travelers. Suggestions that were made will be taken into consideration in designing a new kit, and consideration is being given to whether a basic travel health kit should be provided to which travelers can add other items depending on their personal needs.
Gene Copy-Number Variation in Haploid and Diploid Strains of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The increasing ability to sequence and compare multiple individual genomes within a species has highlighted the fact that copy-number variation (CNV) is a substantial and underappreciated source of genetic diversity. Chromosome-scale mutations occur at rates orders of magnitude higher than base substitutions, yet our understanding of the mechanisms leading to CNVs has been lagging. We examined CNV in a region of chromosome 5 (chr5) in haploid and diploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We optimized a CNV detection assay based on a reporter cassette containing the SFA1 and CUP1 genes that confer gene dosage-dependent tolerance to formaldehyde and copper, respectively. This optimized reporter allowed the selection of low-order gene amplification events, going from one copy to two copies in haploids and from two to three copies in diploids. In haploid strains, most events involved tandem segmental duplications mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination between flanking direct repeats, primarily Ty1 elements. In diploids, most events involved the formation of a recurrent nonreciprocal translocation between a chr5 Ty1 element and another Ty1 repeat on chr13. In addition to amplification events, a subset of clones displaying elevated resistance to formaldehyde had point mutations within the SFA1 coding sequence. These mutations were all dominant and are proposed to result in hyperactive forms of the formaldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme.
Physical properties of epoxy resin/titanium dioxide nanocomposites

A polymeric nanocomposite system (nanodielectric) was fabricated, and its mechanical properties were determined. The fabricated nanocomposite was composed of low concentrations of monodispersed titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and an epoxy resin specially designed for cryogenic applications. The monodispersed TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized in an aqueous solution of titanium chloride and polyethylene glycol and subsequently dispersed in a commercial-grade epoxy resin (Araldite® 5808). Nanocomposite thin sheets were prepared at several weight fractions of TiO2. The morphology of the composites, determined by transmission electron microscopy, showed that the nanoparticles aggregated to form particle clusters. The influence of thermal processing and the effect of filler dispersion on the structure–property relationships were identified by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis at a broad range of temperatures. The effect of the aggregates on the electrical insulation properties was determined by dielectric breakdown measurements. The optical properties of the nanocomposites and their potential use as filters in the ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) range were determined by UV–vis spectroscopy. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
A social psychological perspective on the continuum of housing for the elderly

Abstract This article provides some examples that demonstrate the importance of attending to the person-environment interaction when examining the continuum of housing for the elderly. Some good matches between the person and the environment are described in housing for the well-elderly, both age-segregated and community housing. Also described are some instances in which the environment appeared to have a particular effect on the person, namely in foster homes, where more frail elderly are found. Even in these homes the person can have an effect upon the microsystem. Findings are presented that demonstrate a discontinuity in our theories, that caution against generalizing from planned, age-segregated housing to community housing for those who are aging in place.
Left ventricular aneurysms associated with intraoperative venting of the cardiac apex in children

Left ventricular (LV) apical aneurysms were observed in 16 of 50 (32%) children (average age 8 years) consecutively catheterized after surgical repair of congenital heart disease. The LV apex was vented by a sump during cardiopulmonary bypass in each. The aneurysms varied in size, but were generally small. Average dimensions were 7.5 X 6.8 mm in the anteroposterior projection and 8.9 X 5.7 mm in the left anterior oblique projection. The LV apex wall was thinner in patients with aneurysms than in age- and lesion-matched controls. All of the LV aneurysm patients were asymptomatic during average follow-up of 4 years. Nevertheless, such aneurysms are anticipated to represent a potential source of cardiovascular complications and, when possible, alternate methods for venting the left ventricle are recommended.
How other academic disciplines approach teaching concerns and the consequences for sociology

Sociology is not the only academic discipline currently interested in teaching concerns. As teaching advocates consider future courses of action, knowledge of what other disciplines are doing provides possible departure points for sociology. This paper presents and discusses other disciplines' concerns and activities in teaching compared with sociology's activities and speculates about the implications of these various concerns and activities.
Three Books by Henry T. Trueba on Educational Anthropology

Raising Silent Voices: Educating the Linguistic Minorities for the 21st Century Henry T. Trueba. School and Society: Learning Content Through Culture Henry T. Trueba and Concha Delgado-Gaitan Success or Failure? Learning and the Language Minority Student Henry T. Trueba
Optimization of Torsion Bars with Rounded Polygonal Cross Section

AbstractRounding of the corners of a polygonal bar (or a polygonal tube conveying fluid) is unavoidable in practice. This paper studies the effect of rounding on the torsional rigidity by introducing a family of homotopy cross sections and an improved Ritz method. Rounding decreases both rigidity and cross-sectional area. For a given mass, there exists an optimal shape for maximized rigidity.
Seeking a Role for Grammar. A Review of Some Recent Studies

Studies of the impact of formal instruction consistently show that more instruction results in, at best, modest increases in consciously-learned competence, a conclusion that is consistent with the claims of the Monitor hypothesis.
The role of romantic/intimate relationships in the well-being of incarcerated females.

This study examined the role of romantic and/or intimate relationships on female offenders’ well-being and institutional behavior while incarcerated. Relationship satisfaction and social support were additional variables examined for association with well-being. Participants were 211 adult female inmates from a midwestern department of corrections. Results indicated increased anger, hostility, and number of disciplinary infractions for female inmates involved in romantic relationships as compared to those not involved in relationships. Findings also indicated increased anger and punishments for inmates in romantic relationships with females within the prison as compared to those in romantic relationships with males outside of the prison. Relationship satisfaction and social support did not significantly predict well-being or institutional behavior. Implications of the current findings are discussed.
Trace mineral contents and FeZn ratio in goat meat

Abstract The concentrations of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and Fe Zn ratio in liver, longissimus dorsi (LD), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles from Alpine and Nubian goat breeds were determined by an Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma emission spectroscopy to compare differences in concentrations of these elements among breeds, sexes, and tissues, and to investigate correlations among the parameters. Liver contained 2.4, 11.0, 41.5, and 1.3 times more Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn than the corresponding levels of LD and BF for the pooled data of the two breeds. Liver also had a twofold greater Fe Zn ratio than the two muscles. The levels of Fe, Mn, and Zn were not different between breeds regardless of sex, while that of Cu was significant (P
Temporal lobe epilepsy: effect of lobectomy on psychosocial functioning.

SUMMARY Seventeen patients who had received an anterior temporal lobectomy for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy were studied after an interval of from one to seven years since the time of operation. The evaluation focused on psychologic, psychopathologic, and psychosocial factors in addition to seizure relief and enduring surgical side effects. In terms of seizure relief, 14 patients had an excellent result. In terms of global improvement, considering all factors known, 9 to 10 of the patients were judged to have an overall worthwile result. About one-third of the patients had a good surgical result in terms of seizure relief but were not viewed as satisfactorily improved from a global point of view. This non-improvement in general functioning, in spite of seizure relief, was traced to three factors: cognitive impairment, pathologic psychologic responses to cognitive impairments, and emotional-characterologic factors chiefly characterized by defective personality development, depression, and/or paranoia. RESUME Dix sept malades, presentant une epilepsie temporale rebelle aux traitements, ont subi une lobectomie du lobe temporal anterieur. Ces malades ont eteetudies apres un intervalle de un a sept ans apres l'operation. L'etude a porte sur les facteurs psychologiques, psychopathologiques et psycho-sociaux, associes a la suppression des crises et aux effets durables secondaires a l'operation. En ce qui concerne la suppression des crises, quatorze malades eurent un excellent resultat. En terme d'amelioration globale, considerant tous les facteurs connus, on a estime que 9 a 10 des malades ont eu de tres valables resultats. Environ un tiers des malades ont eu leurs crises supprimees mais n'ont pas ete considered comme etant ameliores d'un point de vue global. Le fait qu'ils n'aient pas ete ameliores globalement, malgre la suppression des crises, etait dua trois sortes de facteurs: baisse de leurs facultes cognitives, reponses psychopathologiques a cette baisse de leurs facultes cognitives, et des facteurs emotivo-caractearologiques definis principalement par le developpement d'une personnalite anormale, depression et/ou paranoia.