cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asymmetry in High-Precision Global H i Profiles of Isolated Spiral Galaxies

New high signal-to-noise ratio 21 cm H I line profiles have been obtained for 104 galaxies with the Green Bank 43 m telescope. The primary sample is composed of isolated spirals with no known optical companions within a 1° radius and a median ratio of optical diameter to beamwidth of 0.17. An effort was made to ensure linearity of baseline fitting and precise flux density calibration to better than 5%. Two quantitative measures of asymmetry are applied to assess the occurrence of lopsidedness in the global H I profiles. In agreement with previous estimates, half the galaxies show significant H I profile asymmetries. The lopsidedness cannot be explained by pointing offsets but, rather, must result from noncircular motions, confusion with unidentified companions within the telescope beam, or true distortions in the H I distribution.
Effect of various doses of total body x-irradiation on total amount of deoxyribonuclease II in rat spleen.

SummaryThe increases in activity of spleen DNase II following a series of different doses of total-body x-irradiation 24 hours after treatment have been measured. These increases have been correlated with the change in spleen weights associated with the irradiation.
Metronidazole, ranitidine and clarithromycin combination for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection (modified Bazzoli's triple therapy)

SUMMARY Background: Multi-drug regimens are generally required to reliably cure Helicobarter pylori infection. Metronidazole, clarithromycin and omeprazole has proven to be an effective combination therapy with a cure rate of 90% or greater. Methods: We evaluated a 14-day combination regimen for H. pylori infection consisting of metronidazole 500 mg b.d., clarithromycin 250 mg b.d. and ranitidine 300 mg b.d. (MRC) instead of omeprazole. Ranitidine alone was continued for an additional 4 weeks. H. pylori status was determined by rapid urease testing. histopathology using the Genta stain, and by culture at entry and 4 weeks after completing antimicrobial therapy. Results: Twenty-seven patients with documented peptic ulcer disease and H. pylori infection were treated. Five had previously failed macrolide-based antimicrobial therapy: none had received metronidazole. All ulcers were healed at week 6 except one patient taking naproxen; his H. pylori infection was cured. Overall, H. pylori infection was cured in 78% (95% CI = 58–91%). In patients with clarithromycin-sensitive isolates, the cure rate was 20 of 23 (87%, 95% C.I. = 66–97%); only one of four patients (25%) with clarithromycin-resistant isolates was cured. In contrast, four of five patients with metronidazole-resistant isolates were cured (80%). In patients with isolates sensitive to both antibiotics, the cure rate was 16 of 18 (89% 95% C.I. = 65–99%). Mild side effects were reported by 27%, including diarrhoea and altered taste. Compliance averaged 98%. Conclusion: These results suggest that the combination of metronidazole, ranitidine and clarithromycin results in high cure rates in patients with clarithromycin-sensitive isolates. Omeprazole may not be required for Bazzoli's triple therapy; and large multicentre comparative trials are indicated.
Transdisciplinarity: A Review of Its Origins, Development, and Current Issues

Transdisciplinarity originated in a critique of the standard configuration of knowledge in disciplines in the curriculum, including moral and ethical concerns. Pronouncements about it were first voiced between the climax of government-supported science and higher education and the long retrenchment that began in the 1970s. Early work focused on questions of epistemology and the planning of future universities and educational programs. After a lull, transdisciplinarity re-emerged in the 1990s as an urgent issue relating to the solution of new, highly complex, global concerns, beginning with climate change and sustainability and extending into many areas concerning science, technology, social problems and policy, education, and the arts. Transdisciplinarity today is characterized by its focus on “wicked problems” that need creative solutions, its reliance on stakeholder involvement, and engaged, socially responsible science. In simultaneously studying multiple levels of, and angles on, reality, transdisciplinary work provides an intriguing potential to invigorate scholarly and scientific inquiry both in and outside the academy.
Structure-property relations of cyclic damage in a wrought magnesium alloy

Abstract The fatigue properties of an extruded Mg–3Al–0Mn magnesium alloy component were evaluated experimentally. Fully reversed, strain control fatigue tests were conducted on specimens extracted from regions with a varying grain size and texture. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to establish structure–property relations between microstructure and cyclic damage. Relations were drawn between microstructural features such as particle size, grain size, initial Taylor factor and the number of cycles to failure.
Using a Multicomponent Adapted Power Card Strategy to Decrease Latency During Interactivity Transitions for Three Children With Developmental Disabilities

An adapted Power Card strategy was examined to determine effectiveness in decreasing latency in responding to teacher cues to initiate interactivity transitions in the classroom among three students, aged 10 to 11 years, with developmental disabilities (i.e., one with autism and two with intellectual disability). The Power Card strategy, a form of visually cued instruction, included scripts in which the students’ “heroes” or preferred fictional characters demonstrated targeted interactivity transition behaviors. The strategy decreased response latency for all three students as documented within a single-case withdrawal (A-B-A-B-A-B) design replicated across the three participants. Instructional staff implemented the intervention and, at the end of the study, all remarked about the dramatic effectiveness of the adapted Power Card strategy, said they would use this strategy in the future, and noted that overall classroom functioning had improved. Implications for classroom practice and recommendations for f...
Predictors of Workplace Violence Among Female Sex Workers in Tijuana, Mexico:

For sex workers, differences in rates of exposure to workplace violence are likely influenced by a variety of risk factors, including where one works and under what circumstances. Economic stressors, such as housing insecurity, may also increase the likelihood of exposure. Bivariate analyses demonstrate statistically significant associations between workplace violence and selected predictor variables, including age, drug use, exchanging sex for goods, soliciting clients outdoors, and experiencing housing insecurity. Multivariate regression analysis shows that after controlling for each of these variables in one model, only soliciting clients outdoors and housing insecurity emerge as statistically significant predictors for workplace violence.
Motorcycle Detection and Tracking System with Occlusion Segmentation

This paper proposes a vision-based motorcycle monitoring system to detect and tracking motorcycles. The system proposes an occlusion detection and segmentation method. The method uses the visual length, visual width, and Pixel Ratio to detect the classes of the motorcycle occlusions and segment the motorcycle from each occlusive class. Because the motorcycle riders must put on their helmets, the helmet detection or search method is used to make sure whether the helmet/motorcycle exits or not. Experiments obtained by using complex road scenes are reported, which demonstrate the validity of the method in terms of robustness, accuracy, and time responses.
An Energy-Efficient Subthreshold Level Converter in 130-nm CMOS

This brief presents a fast energy-efficient level converter capable of converting an input signal from subthreshold voltages up to the nominal supply voltage. Measured results from a 130-nm test chip show robust conversion from 188 mV to 1.2 V with no intermediate supplies required. A combination of circuit methods makes the converter robust to the large variations in the current characteristics of subthreshold circuits. To support dynamic voltage scaling, the level converter can upconvert an input at any voltage within this range to 1.2 V.
A dynamical systems analysis of afferent control in a neuromechanical model of locomotion: II. Phase asymmetry

In this paper we analyze a closed loop neuromechanical model of locomotor rhythm generation. The model is composed of a spinal central pattern generator (CPG) and a single-joint limb, with CPG outputs projecting via motoneurons to muscles that control the limb and afferent signals from the muscles feeding back to the CPG. In a preceding companion paper (Spardy et al 2011 J. Neural Eng. 8 065003), we analyzed how the model generates oscillations in the presence or absence of feedback, identified curves in a phase plane associated with the limb that signify where feedback levels induce phase transitions within the CPG, and explained how increasing feedback strength restores oscillations in a model representation of spinal cord injury; from these steps, we derived insights about features of locomotor rhythms in several scenarios and made predictions about rhythm responses to various perturbations. In this paper, we exploit our analytical observations to construct a reduced model that retains important characteristics from the original system. We prove the existence of an oscillatory solution to the reduced model using a novel version of a Melnikov function, adapted for discontinuous systems, and also comment on the uniqueness and stability of this solution. Our analysis yields a deeper understanding of how the model must be tuned to generate oscillations and how the details of the limb dynamics shape overall model behavior. In particular, we explain how, due to the feedback signals in the model, changes in the strength of a tonic supra-spinal drive to the CPG yield asymmetric alterations in the durations of different locomotor phases, despite symmetry within the CPG itself.
Note-Controlling Inventories in an Acyclic Assembly System

This note presents a model of an acyclic assembly system that faces yield loss and uncertain demand. While there is no known production rule for managing acyclic systems, we develop a production rule whose operating characteristics could be measured analytically. Thus, the operating characteristics can be used as a benchmark for future comparison. To facilitate our analysis, we extend the model for a serial production system that produces a single product Tang 1990. This extension entails a modification of the production rule and the analysis of a decomposition scheme.
Frequency analysis of hazardous material transportation incidents as a function of distance from origin to incident location

Abstract According to the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT), more than 3.1 billion tons of hazardous materials (HazMat) are shipped within the United States annually. This averages to about 800,000 individual shipments of HazMat per day, of which 300,000 are shipments of petroleum/flammable–combustible liquids. This paper presents a temporal trend study (1995–2004) of 2145 HazMat incidents occurring through the transportation of flammable/combustible liquids. The study also correlates between HazMat incidents and distances between shipment origin and incident location. These distances attained through great circle calculations since the data compilation did not allow for the identification of specific routes taken in commodity transport. Findings of this study illustrate a bimodal distribution of frequency as a function of the logarithm of the Distance with first mode (less than 105 miles) mean of 24 [km] and second mode mean of 1061 [km]. Additionally, transport phase introduced no significance to the distribution of frequencies.
DDT, epigenetic harm, and transgenerational environmental justice.

Although the environmentally harmful effects of widespread dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) use became well-known following Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962), its human health effects have more recently become clearer. A ban on the use of DDT has been in place for over 30 years, but recently DDT has been used for malaria control in areas such as Africa. Recent work shows that DDT has transgenerational effects in progeny and generations never directly exposed to DDT. These effects have health implications for individuals who are not able to have any voice in the decision to use the pesticide. The transgenerational effects of DDT are considered in light of some widely accepted ethical principles. We argue that this reframes the decision to use DDT, requiring us to incorporate new considerations, and new kinds of decision making, into the deliberative process that determines its ongoing use. Ethical considerations for intergenerational environmental justice are presented that include concern and respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, and justice. Here, we offer a characterization of the kinds of ethical considerations that must be taken into account in any satisfactory decisions to use DDT.
Secondary nucleation of ice in sugar solutions and fruit juices

From thermal response measurements, ice nucleation rates in distilled water, sugar solutions, and fruit juices were determined for a stirred, batch-seeded crystallizer. High resolution thermometry permitted use of initial sub-coolings between 0.01° and 0.2°K. Nucleation increased with approximately the second power of subcooling. Applications to freeze concentration are considered.
Posttraumatic stress disorder caused by the misattribution of seizure-related experiential responses

Abstract Patients with temporal lobe seizures sometimes experience what John Hughlings Jackson described as “dreamy states” during seizure onset. These phenomena may be characterized by a re-experiencing of past events, feelings of familiarity (deja vu), and hallucinations. In previous reports, patients have been aware of the illusory nature of their experiences. Here, however, the case of a patient with a documented 37-year history of temporal lobe epilepsy who is not aware is described. Fifteen years ago, the patient saw visions of traumatic autobiographical events that he had never previously recalled. He believed them to be veridical memories from his childhood, although evidence from his family suggests that they were not. The patient's psychological reaction to the “recovery” of these traumatic “memories” was severe enough to qualify as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To our knowledge, this is the first report of PTSD caused by the misattribution of mental states that accompany a seizure.
Introduction to the Special Issue: eHealth in Pediatric Psychology

The interaction between psychology and technology has a rich history. Psychologists have always been resourceful in finding ways to utilize technology to enhance the provision of clinical care. However, the proliferation of computers and the Internet has vastly expanded the possibilities. The Internet, in particular, has ushered in the new field of eHealth within psychology. eHealth has been defined as the delivery of health services and information through the Internet and related technologies (Eysenbach, 2001). Given that families with children have a very high rate of computer (93%) and cell phone (95%) ownership (Kennedy, Smith, Wells, & Wellman, 2008), as well as the notable fact that 93% of youth (ages 12–17 years) and 94% of parents of these teens (87% of all parents) are online (Macgill, 2007), this has particular relevance to pediatric psychology. The Internet has become an important source of health care and medical information. Between 75% and 80% of Internet users have searched for health-related information online, making the act of looking for health information one of the most popular uses of the Internet (Fox, 2006, 2008). Parents, in particular, frequently use the Internet to search for information about their child’s condition (Whyte & Hunter, 2008), and are more likely to use the Internet, and to look for health and medical information online, than nonparents (Fox, 2005). In addition, parents whose children suffer from a chronic condition are more likely to search the Internet for health-related information than those who have healthy children or children with acute conditions (Tuffrey & Finlay, 2002).
CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY AND DISPOSAL FROM LARGE ENERGY SYSTEMS

▪ Abstract Increases in greenhouse gas emissions and concerns about potential global climate change are stimulating worldwide interest in the feasibility of capture, disposal, and utilization of CO2 from large energy systems. Technology to capture CO2 from power plant flue gas, while energy intensive and expensive, is commercially available. Capture from advanced combustion systems offers a further opportunity to significantly reduce cost and energy requirements of CO2 capture compared to that from today's pulverized coal power plants. No viable disposal options exist today for large quantities of captured CO2. Ocean disposal of CO2 and geological storage, especially in depleted oil and gas wells, are leading candidates. Although some niche utilization may occur, utilization seems unlikely to become a major sequestration option. Since CO2 capture and sequestration is a relatively expensive mitigation option, it can be regarded as an insurance policy. However, since CO2 mitigation options are few in number...
System-Level Performance and Characterization of Counter-Phase Optical Interference Cancellation

In this paper, we report on the performance of the second implementation of the optical counter-phase RF interference cancellation technique. Referred to as the opto-cancellation system, it has demonstrated narrowband-signal cancellation exceeding 80 dB. Also, broadband signals of 80-MHz bandwidth, whose center frequencies ranged from 1 GHz-20 GHz, were cancelled down to the system noise floor; where that cancellation was approximately uniform over the full bandwidth of each signal. It is not known that other interference cancellation systems can achieve such low cancellation depths, over such a wide frequency bandwidth, at the time of this writing. In addition to describing the system's performance in terms of experimental results, we also characterize the system's performance analytically. Although the sensitivity, gain, linearity, and noise figure of the current system implementation are known, the analysis presented here will be useful for future implementations of the optical counter-phase RF interference cancellation technique. The analysis will also aid in understanding the trade-offs and limitations of the current system implementation, as well as future implementations.
The People of the State Department and Foreign Service

Who handles American foreign relations? The question has been answered and discussed in terms of the Executive and the Congress in several recent books.' We shall attempt here to answer the question in terms of the people who occupy the higher, or policy-making, positions in the Department of State and Foreign Service. Biographical data is published for individuals in this group in the Biographic Register of the Department of State and its supplements. This type of "Who's Who" sketch is limited, of course, to the bare skeletons of men's lives and is worthless as a test of faith and gumption. One of the tragedies, indeed, in the public service since the loyalty program began in 1947 is the fact that loyalty and security risk cannot be proved by social analysis in a time when loyalty and safeness in matters of security are the great questions that overshadow other concerns in any consideration of public personnel. Of the main reasons for finding an employee a poor security risk-wrong political association, bad character, sexual deviation, excessive drinking, or talking too much -none can be measured by any objective standard. Guilt is a matter of degree, and the degree is a matter of opinion among security officers and others who are urged by their climate to be as suspicious as possible. Skeleton biographies can, nevertheless, answer some questions about the people who handle American foreign affairs. They can tell us the regions of birth, the ages of officials, the types of schools attended, the types of experience prior to government service, and the duration of experience in government.2 All such answers are relevant to an objective analysis of where we stand for personnel in at least the Department of State and the Foreign Service. We need
Data buffer performance for sequential Prolog architectures

Several local data buffers are proposed and measurements are presented for variations of the Warren Abstract Machine (WAM) architecture for Prolog. Choice point buffers, stack buffers, split-stack buffers, multiple register sets, copyback caches, and “smart” caches are examined. Statistics collected from four benchmark programs indicate that small conventional local memories perform quite well because of the WAM's high locality. The data memory performance results are equally valid for native code and reduced instruction set implementations of Prolog.
Esophageal Heating Is Not Limited to Left Atrial Ablation

A 36-year-old man with a history of cardiac arrest status post dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator underwent pulmonary vein (PV) isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). During the first procedure, esophageal temperature rises (≥38.5°C) were noted during posterior left atrial radiofrequency ablation (red dots; Figure 1A), but PV isolation was eventually achieved. However, the patient developed recurrent AF and underwent a redo procedure under general anesthesia. Two transseptal punctures were performed under fluoroscopy and intracardiac echo (AcuNav; Siemens, Mountain View, CA) guidance. A long 8-Fr (SL-1; St Jude Medical, St Paul, MN) and a deflectable sheath (Agilis; St Jude Medical) were advanced to the left atrium (LA). In both procedures, a multisensor esophageal temperature probe (Circa S-Cath; Circa Scientific, Park City, UT) was inserted into the esophagus to the level of the PVs and used to record the intraluminal esophageal temperature continuously. All 4 PVs were found …
Cyclization Phenomena in the Sol−Gel Polymerization of α,ω-Bis(triethoxysilyl)alkanes and Incorporation of the Cyclic Structures into Network Silsesquioxane Polymers

Intramolecular cyclizations during acid-catalyzed sol−gel polymerizations of α,ω-bis(triethoxysilyl)alkanes substantially lengthen gel times for monomers with ethylene (1), propylene (2), and butylene (3) bridging groups. These cyclization reactions were found, using mass spectrometry and 29Si NMR spectroscopy, to lead preferentially to monomeric and dimeric products based on six- and seven-membered disilsesquioxane rings. 1,2-Bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (1) reacts under acidic conditions to give a bicyclic dimer (5) that is composed of two annelated seven-membered rings. Under the same conditions, 1,3-bis(triethoxysilyl)propane (2), 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)butane (3), and Z-1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)but-2-ene (10) undergo an intramolecular condensation reaction to give the six- and seven-membered cyclic disilsesquioxanes 6, 7, and 11. Subsequently, these cyclic monomers slowly react to form the tricyclic dimers 8, 9, and 12. With NaOH as polymerization catalyst, these cyclic silsesquioxanes readily reacted to ...
The Response of a Partially Confined Detonation Facility to Blast Loading

It is estimated that more than 500,000 tons of obsolete and unwanted conventional weapons exist in the United States. The disposal of these unexploded ordnances, in an environmentally sound and cost-effective way, is of paramount importance. Open-air burning and open-air detonation (OB/OD) are two of the most widely used methods to dispose of these unwanted energetic materials. This paper describes our efforts to improve OB/OD operations through the design and testing of a new, large-scale, partially confined facility that minimizes the adverse affects of far-field noise and maximizes the afterburn of explosive by-products. Several designs were evaluated by a series of axisymmetric, time-dependent numerical simulations using FAST3D, a flux-corrected transport-based code optimized for parallel processing. The simulations are used to test various facility geometries and placements and sizes of charges to determine combinations that result in acceptable environmental impact. Comparisons of the pressure and structural analyses for 50 and 100 lb of spherically shaped RDX charges show that the 50-lb spherically shaped charge placed at a height of approximately 2.0 m resulted in an efficient detonation and maintained the structural integrity of the detonation facility.
Female Pattern Hair Loss

• Decrease in hair density in the central (vertex, mid and frontal) scalp, bitemporal and parietal regions in women.
Changes in flow-mediated brachial artery vasoactivity with lowering of desirable cholesterol levels in healthy middle-aged men

Abstract Current National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines consider desirable total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels to be
Vehicle dynamics and external disturbance estimation for future vehicle path prediction

This paper discusses the development of a Kalman filter to simultaneously estimate the lateral velocity of and the external disturbances acting on a vehicle for the purpose of future vehicle path prediction. Simulation results show that with the estimation, the future vehicle path prediction is significantly improved. The need for adaptation of the Kalman filter gain is also investigated. The results show that a fixed Kalman filter gain which is designed for typical highway driving is quite adequate. However, the adaptation of the Kalman filter gain is needed when the vehicle encounters a relatively tight curve.
Cortex commands the performance of skilled movement

Many of the movements that humans and other animals make every day are deceptively complex and only appear easy because of extensive practice. For example, picking up an object involves several steps that must be precisely controlled, including reaching towards the item and holding it using the right amount of pressure to not crush it or drop it. Part of the brain called the motor cortex is thought to be important for learning and controlling these skilled movements, but its exact role in these processes is not clear. A technique called optogenetics allows the roles of individual parts of the brain to be studied by rapidly altering their activity, whilst minimizing the likelihood that the brain will compensate for these changes. By genetically modifying animals to produce light-sensitive channel proteins in certain brain cells, the activity of particular regions of the brain can be controlled by shining light onto them. Guo et al. have now used optogenetics to control the motor cortex as the mice performed a task they had been trained to do – reaching for and picking up a food pellet. Suddenly shutting down the motor cortex at the start of a trial prevented the mice from starting the task, and shut down part way through the task caused the front limbs of the mice to freeze in midair. However, only the learned, skilled task was frozen by motor cortex shutdown; mice could still move their limbs normally if the motor cortex was instead shut down during routine movements. When the cortex was reactivated, the mice instantly resumed trying to pick up the food pellet. Unexpectedly, even during rest periods when there was no food pellet and the mice were just waiting for the experiment to begin, turning the motor cortex off and then back on again suddenly caused the mice to perform the complete grabbing motion. This implies that the cortical activity evoked at the end of inactivation acts to trigger the full movement sequence. This was particularly likely to occur if the animal had been deprived of food before the test or was particularly well trained, but did not depend on the position of the limb. Overall, Guo et al.’s work opens the question of how the instructions that describe the learned movement are encoded within the motor cortex and its downstream networks. Future studies could also investigate how learning a set of movements affects the structure of cortical neurons and their connections, thus suggesting how these memories are stored.
Animal Models for the Study of Erectile Function and Dysfunction

The mechanisms of penile erection have been investigated using animal models from the beginning of modern investigative physiology. In 1863, Eckhard reported that electrical stimulation of the nervi erigentes (pelvic nerves) induced penile erection in the anesthetized dog. This study identified that erection is a vasodilatory event. Over 125 years of animal experimentation passed before the vasodilatory neurotransmitter was identified as nitric oxide. Now, due largely to the use of animal models, the hemodynamics, molecular biology, and neurobiology of penile erection are understood in their broad outline. Recent animal research has concentrated on identifying the mechanisms of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a variety of pathophysiological states.
Applied statistical inference for system design and management

We review strategies for applying statistical inference to system design and management. In design, inferred models act as surrogates for expensive simulators and enable qualitatively new studies. In management, inferred models predict outcomes from allocation and scheduling decisions, and identify conditions that make performance stragglers more likely.
Nanocrystalline Advanced High Strength Steel Produced by Cold Rolling and Annealing

An advanced high strength steel of composition Fe-0.11C-2.46Si-11.5Mn-0.38Al-0.029N (wt pct) was produced with a yield strength of 790 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 1300 MPa, and a total elongation of 28 pct. Conventional processing of hot-band steel by cold rolling and annealing at 873 K (600 °C) was used to produce a nanocrystalline structure with an average grain diameter 112 ± 25 nm (68 pct confidence level). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to characterize the nanocrystalline steel, which consisted of γ-austenite, e-martensite, and α-ferrite.
Convulsive seizures in dieldrin exposed sheep during photic stimulation.

Dieldrin, a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, causes hypersensitivity and muscular fasciculations which may be followed by clonic-tonic conv~~lsive seizures. There are changes in the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) which occur prior to clinical toxicity. These changes consist of high amplitude (200 to 300 pv), slow wave (4 to 5 Hz) spindles of 1 to 3 sec. duration (Van Gelder, et al., 1968). As exposure continues, the slow wave activity occurs more frequently and is of greater duration. The signs of clinical toxicity described above are usually evident at this time. During convulsive seizures, the EEG consists of high-amplitude, fast waves with some spike-wave complexes similar to those seen in petit ma1 epileptic seizures. The EEG record gives an indication of the imminence of convulsive seizures. The presentation of a high intensity, variable-frequency light (Grass Model PS-2 Photo Stimulator) precipitated convulsive seizures in 3 exposed sheep prior to the occurrence of clinical toxicity. These same animals were unaffected by the photic stimulation prior to exposure. At approximately 11 to 14 Hz the animals began to convulse and continued convulsing as long as the photic stimulation was present. The convulsive seizure ended with the termination of the strobe. Unexposed control animals remained unaffected by this photic stimulation. It is not known whether the precipitation of convulsive seizures is unique to visual stimulation or is a more general response to massive sensory input. Further investigation with the use of repetitive auditory stimulation is underway. REFERENCE
An Analysis of Strip Spraying for the Cereal Leaf Beetle

Strip spraying, the technique of applying narrow bands of a moderately persistent pesticide to control active arthropods, is developed and evaluated for the use of malathion against cereal leaf beetle adults. Field and laboratory experiments quantified beetle movement, pesticide degradation on plants, accumulation and degradation of pesticide in the insects, and behavioral and mortality effects from the pesticide. The inclusion of these factors into a model allowed computer simulations of experiments involving a variety of strip configurations, insecticide concentrations and movement rates. A field validation experiment showed strip spraying to be very effective in reducing adult cereal leaf beetle densities and gave results reasonably close to the model predictions. Computer simulations show the most economical means of achieving various levels of mortality while reducing cost and insecticide actually applied.
ortho-C–H Activation of Thiobenzoic Acid: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Iridium Thiobenzoate Complexes

Cp*Ir(Me2SO)(OAc)2, 1, has been shown to activate an ortho-C–H-bond of thiobenzoic acid in methanol at 100 °C to form the novel iridium complex (Cp*Ir(S(O)CC6H4))2, 5. Unlike the similar reaction w...
The Application of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest on Aortic Aneurysm Susgery —30 cases

OBJECTIVE To discuss the better method of brain protection for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. METHODS We selected 30 patients which had disease on the aorta. When their nasopharyngeal temperature were decreased to 12~13℃ and the rectal temperature were decreased to 17~18℃, we stopped the circulation. When the circulation was recovery, we increased the temperature step by step. And when the nasopharyngeal temperature achieved to 37℃, the the rectal temperature achieved to 35℃, we end the CPB. 10 cases were antegrade perfused to axillary artery, and 1 case was retrograde perfused to superior vena cava. RESULTS The time of circulatory arrest: 8-86min(average47.6±25.8min).The rate of heart automatic recovery is 63%. None of patients dead for the operation ,but 7 patients had obvious complication. CONCLUSION The methods of brain protection for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest are various, and they all have advantages and disadvantages. So we need to study and research the better method.
Myocardial and systemic oxygenation during severe hypoxemia in ventilated lambs.

We studied the interrelationships among myocardial oxygenation, cardiac output, and systemic oxygenation during acute progressive hypoxemia in the paralyzed and mechanically ventilated lamb. Fractional inspired concentration of oxygen was reduced in five steps to a minimum of 0.05, decreasing arterial oxygen content (CaO2) from 10.9 +/- 2.4 to 2.8 +/- 0.5 ml/dl. Heart rate and stroke volume did not change at any step so that systemic oxygen transport decreased with CaO2. Systemic oxygen consumption fell at CaO2 less than 6 ml/dl. Left ventricular blood flow at maximal hypoxemia increased 277% (249 +/- 27 to 938 +/- 118 ml.min-1.100 g-1) so that left ventricular oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption were maintained. Evidence of anaerobic metabolism occurred when CaO2 was less than four (increase in arterial lactate and hypoxanthine), whereas at this level there was no evidence of inadequate myocardial oxygenation as determined by normal subepicardial: subendocardial blood flow and absence of net lactate production, although coronary sinus PO2 decreased. Although myocardial, cerebral, and adrenal blood flows increased, there was no redistribution of blood flow away from the viscera and skin.
Neuro-Ophthalmology of Arteriovenous Malformations

Intracranial arteriovenous malformations may result in a number of neuroophthalmologic signs and symptoms. In some patients, the neuroophthalmic findings are the presenting or only manifestations. A multidisciplinary team approach including neurologists, ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons, interventional radiologists, and radiation therapists is ideal.
Institute of Medicine Measures of Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health: A Feasibility Study

Introduction Social and behavioral factors are known to affect health but are not routinely assessed in medical practice. To date, no studies have assessed a parsimonious panel of measures of social and behavioral determinants of health (SBDs). This study evaluated the panel of SBD measures recommended by the Institute of Medicine and examined the effect of question order. Methods Adults, aged ≥18 years, were recruited using ResearchMatch.org for this randomized, parallel design study conducted in 2015 (data analyzed in 2015–2016). Three versions of the SBD measures, sharing the same items but in different orders of presentation (Versions 1–3), were developed. Randomized to six groups, participants completed each version at least 1 week apart (Weeks 1–3). Version order was counterbalanced across each administration and randomization was stratified by gender, race, and age. Main outcomes were effect of question order, completion time, and non-response rates. Results Of 781 participants, 624 (80%) completed the Week 1 questionnaire; median completion time for answering all SBD questions was 5 minutes, 583/624 participants answered all items, and no statistically significant differences associated with question order were observed when comparing responses across all versions. No significant differences in responses within assignment groups over time were found, with the exception of the stress measure for Group 5 ( p =0.036). Conclusion Question order did not significantly impact participant responses. Time to complete the questionnaire was brief, and non-response rate was low. Findings support the feasibility of using the Institute of Medicine–recommended questionnaire to capture SBDs.
Abstract 190: Echium and Borage Oil Are as Atheroprotective as Fish Oil in Mice

Background: Diets enriched in long chain (>18 carbon) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 in fish oil (FO), are atheroprotective. However, most dietary fats consist of 18 carbon PUFAs that are poorly converted to longer chain PUFAs by the rate limiting enzyme, delta-6 desaturase (D6D). Objective: We investigated whether botanical oils enriched in 18 carbon fatty acids beyond the D6D step in the n-6 (borage oil, BO, 18:3 n-6 enriched) and n-3 (Echium oil, EO,18:4 n-3 enriched) pathway of elongation-desaturation are as atheroprotective as FO and the extent to which these botanical oils would affect oxidized CE species in the aorta. Methods: Female low density lipoprotein knockout (LDLr-/-) mice were fed atherogenic diets containing 0.2% cholesterol and 10% calories as palm oil (PO) with an additional 10% of calories as PO, EO, FO, or BO for 16 weeks. Periodic blood samples were taken for lipid and lipoprotein measurements and aortas were harvested after 16 weeks to measure cholesterol content and oxidized CE species. Results: Compared to the PO group, mice fed BO, EO and FO had significantly lower plasma total and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. EO and FO groups also had lower plasma triglyceride concentrations compare to PO and BO fed mice. Compared to the PO group, mice fed BO and EO had significantly reduced aortic CE and free cholesterol, comparable to the FO group. Oxidized CE species were not detected in aortas of any diet group. Conclusion: Botanical oils enriched in 18 carbon n-6 or n-3 fatty acids beyond D6D in the elongation-desaturation pathway are as atheroprotective as FO in LDLr -/- mice. Furthermore, mouse aorta oxidized CE species were undetectable; suggesting this oxidized lipid species has a minimal role in mouse atherosclerosis progression.
Impact of Abbreviated Filgrastim Schedule on Survival and Hematopoietic Recovery after Irradiation in Four Mouse Strains with Different Radiosensitivity

Filgrastim (Neupogen®, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) is among the few countermeasures recommended for management of patients in the event of lethal total-body irradiation. Despite the plethora of studies using filgrastim as a radiation countermeasure, relatively little is known about the optimal dose schedule of filgrastim to mitigate radiation lethality. We evaluated the efficacy of filgrastim in improving 30-day survival of CD2F1 mice irradiated with a lethal dose (LD70/30) in the AFRRI cobalt-60 facility. We tested different schedules of 1, 3, 5, 10 or 16 once-daily injections of filgrastim initiated one day after irradiation. Time optimization studies with filgrastim treatment were also performed, beginning 6–48 h postirradiation. Maximum survival was observed with 3 daily doses of 0.17 mg/kg filgrastim. Survival efficacy of the 3-day treatment was compared against the conventional 16-day filgrastim treatment after irradiation in four mouse strains with varying radiation sensitivities: C3H/He...
Quadrilateral Mesh Boundary Classification and Editing

Polygonal meshes have become the industry standard for the representation of surfaces with highly complex geometry and arbitrary genus in computer graphics and geometry processing applications. We investigate how to extend a point-set algorithm that utilizes a quadtree subdivision to construct a quadrilateral mesh with both angle and aspect ratio bounds. The main goal is to adapt the algorithm to respect polygonal edges so that we will obtain a method to mesh polygonal regions (possibly with holes), with quadrilateral elements that have guaranteed worst-case minimum and maximum angles as well as aspect ratio (longest edge over shortest). Currently, there is no known algorithm that generates quadrilateral meshes with both angle and aspect ratio guarantees.
Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction

Abstract Social media use is prevalent in today's society and has contributed to problems with social media addiction. The goal of the study was to investigate whether extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style, and fear of missing out (FOMO) were predictors of social media use and addiction. Participants in the study ( N = 207) volunteered to complete a brief survey measuring levels of extraversion, neuroticism, attachment styles, and FOMO. In the final model of a hierarchical regression, younger age, neuroticism, and fear of missing out predicted social media use. Only fear of missing out predicted social media addiction. Attachment anxiety and avoidance predicted social media addiction, but this relationship was no longer significant after the addition of FOMO.
Trehalose induced conformational changes in the amyloid-β peptide

Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible and progressive brain disorder featured by the accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, which forms insoluble assemblies that builds up into plaques resulting in cognitive decline and memory loss. The formation of fibrillar amyloid deposits is accompanied by conformational changes of the soluble Aβ peptide into β-sheet structures. Strategies to prevent or reduce Aβ aggregation using small molecules such as trehalose have shown beneficial effects under in vitro cell- and in vivo mouse- models. However, the role of trehalose in reducing Aβ peptide aggregation is still not clear. In the present study, using circular dichroism- and fluorescence emission- spectroscopies, we demonstrated that in the presence of trehalose, Aβ peptide adopts more helical content and undergoes a disorder/order conformational transition. Based on our findings, we conclude that trehalose affects the conformation of Aβ peptide to form α-helical structure, which may inhibit the formation of β-sheets and thereby aggregation.
Abstract 5201: PSMA-targeted alpha radioimmunotherapy for prostate cancer with225Ac-J591

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is a radiosensitive disease. In addition to external beam and brachytherapy, systemic bone-seeking radioisotopes have been utilized clinically for many years, with radium-223 leading to overall survival benefits. However, the available beta and alpha emitting particles in the clinic target tumors / stroma in bone only. Biologically targeted radiopharmaceutical treatment has shown promising results in our earlier multiple clinical trials using beta-emitting anti-PSMA therapy with Leutetium-177 radiolabeled anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody (mAb) J591, with accurate targeting and tumor response, but treatment is limited by myelosuppression. Both beta and alpha-small molecule PSMA ligand directed therapy has been utilized anecdotally outside of the US, but has not been systemically studied. Based upon their biodistribution, targeting of salivary glands and potentially proximal renal tubules may pose longer term toxicity issues. mAb-based targeted alpha-particle delivery may be advantageous with less expected myelosuppression than seen with β-emitters. Experimental procedures: To optimize labeling of humanized DOTA-J591 mAb, actinium-225 (225Ac) nitrate was obtained from Oak Ridge National Laboratories and was dissolved in HCl solution and then mixed with trimethyl ammonium acetate and L-ascorbic acid. This preparation was incubated with DOTA-J591. The labeling efficiency (LE) was determined by ITLC-SG. If the LE is >60%, 225Ac-DOTA-J591 mAb was purified by gel filtration and sterilized by membrane filtration. In a pilot pre-clinical study, we studied the toxicity in non-tumor bearing BALB/c mice. Results: The radiochemical purity is >95% and the immunoreactivity was >80%. Twenty-five BALB/c mice received from 2.1 to 6.3 KBq of 225Ac-J591. Treatment was well tolerated, with all mice alive and healthy at Day 26. Conclusions: A stable alpha emitting-antibody complex has been produced with 225Ac-J591. Initial mouse safety experiments have been successful. A RIT dose escalation study of PSMA-targeted alpha emitter in a LNCaP xenograft model is underway. Citation Format: Jaspreet S. Batra, He Liu, Sae Kim, Vicente N. Navarro, Shankar Vallabhajosula, Scott T. Tagawa, Neil H. Bander. PSMA-targeted alpha radioimmunotherapy for prostate cancer with 225Ac-J591 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5201. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5201
Forum Editor’s Note: Advancing the Study of Political Communication

Political Communication wraps up our first year of Forum essays with two provocative contributions that draw synthetic conclusions from well-established literatures about the state of study in our ...