cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperparathyroidism after thyroid surgery and autotransplantation of histologically normal parathyroid glands.

Abstract Background: Parathyroid autotransplantation is a well-established method to prevent hypoparathyroidism during parathyroid and thyroid operations. The reported success rate of parathyroid autotransplantation ranges from 75% to 100%. Recurrent hyperparathyroidism may develop after parathyroid autotransplantation, especially after the transplantation of hyperplastic or adenomatous parathyroid tissue. Hyperparathyroidism recurs most frequently after subtotal parathyroidectomy or total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation, in patients with renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism, and in patients with familial primary hyperparathyroidism or MEN I or MEN II syndrome. We report three patients who experienced primary hyperparathyroidism after autotransplantation of normal parathyroid tissue during thyroid operations (two patients) or after a long period of hypoparathyroidism. Study Design: We reviewed our records from 1983 to May 1998 and identified three patients in whom hyperparathyroidism developed after thyroid operations. Results: One patient had a thyroidectomy with left modified radical neck dissection for papillary thyroid cancer, followed by radiodine ablative therapy. Two patients had thyroid operations for benign thyroid disease. One of these patients had a history of radiation exposure for acne, and in the other one secondary hyperparathyroidism arose 6 years after a thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism. Conclusions: Our study documents that hyperparathyroidism may develop after autotransplantation of histologically normal parathyroid tissue and after a period of hypoparathyroidism after thyroid operations. For this reason, it is important to mark the site of the parathyroid transplantation.
His bundle electrogram after intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot: Analysis of data in 59 patients☆

His bundle electrograms were recorded in 59 patients after intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot and were correlated with the postoperative electrocardiogram. Except for five patients with first degree atrioventricular block postoperatively all patients in Group A (those with either a normal electrocardiogram or solitary right bundle branch block) had a normal A-H interval (77.7 +/- 21.6 msec) (mean +/- standard deviation); all had a normal H-V interval (39.5 +/- 7.2 msec). Patients in Group B (bifascicular block) tended to have a normal A-H interval (97.2 +/- 26.2 msec) with a prolonged H-V interval (48.8 +/- 10.7 msec). Patients in Group C (trifascicular block) had prolongation of both the A-H (160.0 +/- 32.4 msec) and the H-V interval (58.8 +/- 10.6 msec) by comparison with control values. Patients in Group D (transient complete heart block) had a normal A-H interval (79.5 +/- 28.2 msec) but a prolonged H-V interval (57.8 +/- 16.4 msec), similar to that in Group C. A good hemodynamic result was associated with a normal H-V interval; a prolonged interval accompanied a poor result.
Knickpoint evolution on the Yarlung river: Evidence for late Cenozoic uplift of the southeastern Tibetan plateau margin

A salient geomorphic feature of the Yarlung River is its abundance of large knickpoints, which in many cases coincide with north–south trending rifts. Across one of these rifts, near the town of Jiacha, the Yarlung falls nearly 500 m from an elevation of ∼3500 m over 80 river kilometers, making this the second largest knickpoint on the river. We propose that the Jiacha knickpoint represents a wave of incision migrating upstream through the drainage network in response to a downstream base level fall, not a disturbance in the channel to due rift tectonics. Longitudinal profile slope-area and chi (χ) analysis of Yarlung River tributaries and those of several major rivers in southeastern Tibet indicate several knickpoints are present at ∼3500 m elevation, all resulting from a single regional-scale base level fall. Retreat rates calculated from celerity modeling indicate that the Jiacha knickpoint was located at the upstream edge of the Namche Barwa massif at ∼10 Ma, a history consistent with apatite 4He/3He thermochronometry data and thermokinematic modeling from that region. These data suggest the Yarlung River has flowed in its present course through this area since at least 10 Ma and imply that at least 500 m of incision occurred within this canyon over this time period. The spatial scale of these observations suggests that these knickpoints resulted from surface uplift of southeastern Tibet of 500 to 2500 m just prior to ∼10 Ma. Additionally, our mapped knickpoint locations indicate that reorganization of the drainage network just east of the Namche Barwa massif occurred prior to this time.
A practical implementation of wireless power transfer systems for socially interactive robots

Socially Interactive Robots (SIR) have many applications in rehabilitation, including psychological development of children with autism, children with complex neuro-developmental motor impairments, adults with dementia, etc. The animal-shaped or toy-shaped SIR should help engaging such individuals in physical and communication interaction, while any human presence during such sessions is typically counterproductive. A particularly critical moment is recharging or replacing of robot batteries, since that is typically done by adults, but also because it includes removing the animal-like cover and revealing the real nature of the object. Thus, there is a strong need for a total autonomy of SIRs, and it is wireless power transfer (WPT) that can make charging of such robots autonomous without human intervention. In this research, a complete WPT charging system is designed for recharging of an m3Pi robot, which includes primary power conversion units; transmitter and receiver compensation circuits, coils and magnetic couplers; as well as a regulated charging converter at the robot side. The best engineering practice is employed to design this WPT as a fully controlled and autonomous wireless recharging system for robots. It includes: optimized couplers and resonant circuits to provide maximum efficiency and satisfy safety standards while transferring a specified amount of power; a four-loop regulated system capable of controlling the primary dc voltage and coil current, as well as implementing regulated constant-current constant voltage (CCCV) battery charging algorithm; wireless communication modules for synchronization and coordination of the primary and secondary converters. In this paper, the most important analytical, simulation and experimental results are presented.
Cypripedium L. (The Lady’s-Slippers), Introduction

Pollination mechanics, floral attraction, and pollinator behavior are described for the non-rewarding genus Cypripedium. The flowers are of a type known as trap blossoms. To obtain their release, traped insects are forced to follow a prescribed sequence of behaviors that lead to pollination of the flower. Insects, usually bees, are attracted by deception based on a false promise of reward, ­mimicry, or an instinctual response to pheromone-like secretions. Reproductive isolation is critically related to the size of the entrance and especially the diameter of the anther exit hole and the space between the labellar floor and the stigma.
Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus habitat selection in a spatially complex forest: evidence for spatial constraints on patch selection

Drumming display sites of male Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus serve as activity centres and occur in a variety of forest types and age classes. We used a case-control study design and model selection to evaluate a set of predictions about habitat constraints placed upon Grouse given the habitat where their breeding season activity centres were located. We located 110 individual Grouse activity centres near Cloquet, Minnesota, between 2002 and 2005, and 40 activity centres at two other sites in northern Minnesota in 2005. Our most parsimonious model indicated that Ruffed Grouse used logs more than other potential drumming structures (e.g. stumps, dirt mounds or roots) and sites with a higher density of shrubs as compared with unused sites. Predicted values from this model correlated with observed values from independently sampled areas. Structures used by Grouse for their drumming display were characterized by a greater density of aspen stems than unused sites when in young aspen and mature pine, but not when in other forest types. The patterns of habitat selection that we observed supported predictions (1) that the differences in habitats at larger spatial scales (e.g. forest stands or breeding territories) may impose certain constraints on specific sites selected for their drumming display, and (2) that some of these constraints may vary by forest type.
Simulating winter wheat spike development and growth

McMaster, G.S., Morgan, J.A. and Wilhelm, W.W., 1992. Simulating winter wheat spike development and growth. Agric. For. Meteorol., 60: 193-220. Mechanistic crop simulation models can aid in integrating and directing research, and in improving farm management strategies. Information derived from recent research on spike development and growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was incorporated into a submodel, SPIKEGRO, and added to an existing model called SHOOTGRO. This manuscript discusses the SPIKEGRO submodel. SPIKEGRO emphasizes the reproductive functioning of the shoot apex. The complete developmental sequence of the shoot apex is outlined and quantified. All developmental events and growth stages are predicted, most using the phyllochron approach. Spikelet and floret primordium initiation, growth, and abortion; ovule fertilization and growth; and rachis and chaff growth are simulated on morphologicallyidentified culms. The phyllochron interval, rather than growing degree-days, is used throughout the model to increase flexibility in predicting yearly and within-stand variation in development. Up to six cohorts of plants are simulated simultaneously from time of emergence, using a daily time step. Initial inputs consist of general agronomic information such as planting date, density, and depth, site latitude, cultivar heightclass, soil water and N concentration, and soil characteristics (e.g. bulk density, organic carbon, parameters for a water-release curve). Cultivar differences, if known, can be incorporated by changing the input parameter file. Validation results and sensitivity analysis suggested six modifications that should improve model realism and predictions. Most of the modifications are easy corrections of simplified algorithms. SPIKEGRO integrates aboveground development and growth of individual plant components into one simulation. The model is useful in estimating development and growth throughout the growing season, and in predicting all stages of shoot apex development critical in scheduling cultural practices.
Relationship between core temperature, skin temperature, and heat flux during exercise in heat

This paper investigates the relationship between core temperature (T c), skin temperature (T s) and heat flux (HF) during exercise in hot conditions. Nine test volunteers, wearing an Army Combat Uniform and body armor, participated in three sessions at 25 °C/50 % relative humidity (RH); 35 °C/70 % RH; and 42 °C/20 % RH. Each session consisted of two 1-h treadmill walks at ~350 W and ~540 W intensity. T s and HF from six sites on the forehead, sternum, pectoralis, left rib cage, left scapula, and left thigh, and T c (i.e., core temperature pill used as a suppository) were measured. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to derive algorithms that estimate T c from T s and HF at each site. A simple model was developed to simulate influences of thermal conductivity and thickness of the local body tissues on the relationship between T c, T s, and HF. Coefficient of determination (R 2) ranged from 0.30 to 0.88, varying with locations and conditions. Good sites for T c measurement at surface were the sternum, and a combination of the sternum, scapula, and rib sites. The combination of T s and HF measured at the sternum explained ~75 % or more of variance in observed T c in hot environments. The forehead was found unsuitable for exercise in heat due to sweating and evaporative heat loss. The derived algorithms are likely applicable only for the same ensemble or ensembles with similar thermal and vapor resistances. Algorithms for T c measurement are location-specific and their accuracy is dependent, to a large degree, on sensor placement.
SYNTHESES OF DINUCLEAR RHENIUM COMPLEXES WITH DISULFIDO AND SULFIDO LIGANDS

New dinuclear cyclopentadienylrhenium derivatives with four bridging sulfur ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The disulfide ligands in [Cp‘Re(μ-S2)]2Cl2 have been found to react with dihydrogen, acetylene, and ethene under mild conditions.
Peripheral and central asymmetry in the swimmeret system of the hermit crab,Pagurus pollicarus

The consequences of the degeneration of all pleopods on the right side in the adult hermit crab were examined by comparing the motor and sensory components of the first root on both sides of the abdomen. In the third segment, the populations of sensory receptors remain relatively unaffected, with the number of units recorded extracellularly, their position and mode of activation, and their conduction velocities similar on the two sides. In contrast, only 2 or 3 somata in the ganglion are back-filled with cobalt via the right first root, compared to approximately 20 filled through the left root. While no remnant of the pleopod musculature remains on the right side, extracellular action potentials propagating centrifugally could be elicited in the right first root. The central cytoarchitecture of the first root neurons, as revealed by cobalt staining, was also studied in 3 other macruran species. The apparent phylogenetic variability revealed in comparing the swimmeret systems of the 4 related decapods is discussed in terms of different probabilistic strategies for crustacean neuromuscular ontogeny.
Combinatory Logic with Discriminators

In this paper, I present a modified and extended version of combinatory logic. Schonfinkel originated the study of combinatory logic (in [2]), but its development is primarily due to H. B. Curry. In the present paper, I will make use of both the symbolism (with some modification) and the results of Curry, as found in [1]. What is novel about my version of combinatory logic is a kind of combinators which I call discriminators . These combinators discriminate between different symbols, and yield values which are determined by the symbols which are their arguments. If the normal combinators investigated by Curry are considered as functions taking (combinations of) symbols as arguments and yielding symbols as values, these combinators can rearrange and cancel their arguments or introduce new symbols.
Excitatory Amino Acid Agonist‐Antagonist Interactions at 2‐Amino‐4‐Phosphonobutyric Acid‐Sensitive Quisqualate Receptors Coupled to Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis in Slices of Rat Hippocampus

Studies were carried out to define the relative affinities and intrinsic activities of excitatory amino acid agonists that activate receptor sites coupled to phosphoinositide hydrolysis in brain. Slices of rat hippocampus were prelabeled with myo-[3H]inositol, and agonist stimulation was indexed by measuring the accumulation of [3H]inositol monophosphate [( 3H]IP) in the presence of Li+. It was observed that ibotenic (IBO) and quisqualic (QUIS) acids both elicit highly significant, concentration-dependent stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Whereas maximal stimulation by IBO (10(-3) M) was four- to fivefold over basal values, the maximal effect of QUIS (10(-4) M) was less (about twofold). Based on the relative concentrations required for 50% maximal stimulation, QUIS was 20 times more potent than IBO. Stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis by either IBO or QUIS was additive to the effects of nonexcitatory amino acid agonists (carbachol and norepinephrine) in this tissue. However, the stimulatory effects of IBO plus QUIS were not additive. At greater than or equal to 10(-4) M, QUIS significantly inhibited phosphoinositide hydrolysis by a maximal stimulatory concentration of IBO (10(-3) M) to a level observed with QUIS alone. Other excitatory amino acid agonists, including kainate, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), had no stimulatory effects at concentrations as high as 10(-3) M. The D,L or L forms of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (AP4), but not D-AP4, significantly enhanced [3H]IP levels to approximately 135% of basal values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
VASCULAR FLORA OF GOLDEN AND SILVER FALLS STATE NATURAL AREA IN THE OREGON COAST RANGE, COOS COUNTY, OREGON

ABSTRACT A descriptive plant survey was conducted of Golden and Silver Falls State Natural Area in the Coast Range northeast of Coos Bay in Coos County, Oregon, during 1988, 1990, and 1997. The 63.6 ha natural area was established in 1936 to preserve an old-growth stand of Pseudotsuga menziesii surrounding the area of two scenic waterfalls. Vascular flora consisted of 241 specific and infraspecific taxa in 162 genera from 61 families, of which 70 taxa (29 %) were exotics. The five plant habitats were steep coniferous mountain slopes (Pseudotsuga menziesii-Tsuga heterophylla/Acer circinatum/Polystichum munitum association) and (Pseudotsuga menziesii-Tsuga heterophylla/Gaultheria shallon/Polystichum munitum association), sandstone cliff escarpments, lowland valley hardwoods (Acer macrophyllum-Umbellularia californica/Polystichum munitum association), ruderal, and riparian floodplain (Alnus rubra/Rubus spectabilis/Oxalis oregana association).
Role of iron in the tubulo-interstitial injury in nephrotoxic serum nephritis.

Role of iron in the tubulo-interstitial injury in nephrotoxic serum nephritis. We studied the possibility that tubule fluid iron could be involved in the pathogenesis of the tubulo-interstitial injury associated with primary glomerular disease. Tubule fluid iron is determined by the magnitude of the glomerular leak for transferrin and the iron saturation of transferrin. To minimize tubule fluid iron in an experimental model of glomerulonephritis, iron deficiency was induced in rats prior to the induction of nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Iron deficiency did not effect the development of glomerular disease as determined by proteinuria, but had a marked effect on preventing the development of tubulo-interstitial disease and renal functional deterioration. There was also a strong correlation between the amount of functional deterioration and extent of tubulo-interstitial disease and urinary iron excretion in both the control and iron deficient animals. It is proposed that injury results from iron being dissociated from transferrin at the more acid pH of the tubule fluid. Iron, a transition element, is able to catalyze the Haber-Weiss reaction with the formation of free hydroxyl radicals which causes renal tubule cell injury. This tubulo-interstitial injury is the major determinate of progressive renal functional deterioration in this experimental model of glomerulonephritis.
NMR of dissolved water in ultrathin and thick membranes of cellulose acetate

Wide-line proton magnetic resonance spectra of thick (100 μ) and ultrathin (0.25 μ) membranes of cellulose acetate have been obtained in the “bone-dry” state and in the wet state up to 2.5% water by weight. The NMR spectra were recorded with the membrane face aligned parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field direction. The first derivative spectra of wet thick membrane (above 0.4% water) show a sharp center peak and at least one broad outer peak, both in the parallel and perpendicular orientations. The spectra of wet ultrathin membrane, on the other hand, show a pseudodoublet in the perpendicular orientation and a broad singlet in the parallel orientation. The differences in the spectra of the thick and ultrathin membranes are discussed in terms of “free” and restricted water believed to arise from the differences in the structure of thick and ultrathin membranes.
An experiment on the threshold effect in the coherent wave instability

Results are reported from an experimental study of the threshold effect in the coherent wave instability in which a combination of simulated VLF noise 200 Hz wide, superimposed on a variable amplitude constant frequency test signal (about 3 kHz) is transmitted from Siple Station, Antarctica, and received at Lake Mistissini, Quebec. As the test signal is slowly ramped up in power a 'threshold' level at which growth and triggering of emissions begin (coherent wave instability) is reached. It is shown that sufficiently strong simulated noise supresses the coherent wave instability, which corresponds to increasing the threshold level. This experiment is repeated at progressively lower levels of the simulated noise, until the threshold level for growth and triggering on the test signal no longer changes. At this point the simulated noise power is estimated to equal typical background noise levels due to magnetospheric hiss in the interaction region. It is suggested that unducted magnetospheric hiss is responsible for the threshold effect.
Limits on the generalizability of the relationship between state anxiety and categorization: Moderation by feature salience

We investigated the impact of state anxiety on categorization using adapted stimuli from two conflicting previous lines of research. Based on the available literature, we hypothesized that the relationship between categorical width and anxiety would be stimuli-specific. A measure of categorical change was also included in which participants re-categorized stimuli on a repeated trial. State anxiety was quasi-experimentally varied by sampling students in various classroom situations (N = 160) and dental patients awaiting various dental procedures (N = 69). Our results ran counter to hypotheses but nonetheless suggested that the relationship between categorization and state anxiety can vary depending on the stimuli used. State anxiety was associated with more categorical change when using stimuli with salient categorical features, while it was
Apparent activation energy and stress exponent in materials with a high Peierls stress

Equations are derived for the apparent stress exponent and activation energy in materials whose deformation is controlled by double kink nucleation and propagation on dislocations. The apparent activation energy (determined from Arrhenius plots of creep rate against inverse temperature) can easily be 10–20% lower than the true activation energy, depending on the stress. The apparent stress exponent (determined from the strain rate dependence of the stress or the stress dependence of the creep rate) is shown to be strongly dependent on stress, and therefore on temperature, and can decrease from values greater than 10 at low temperatures to unity at high temperatures, even though a single mechanism is controlling. Reasonable agreement has been found between the experimental and theoretical values of the stress exponent for yielding in single crystals of sapphire, spinel, Ni 3Al and NiAl, except that the calculated high temperature values tend to be somewhat lower than the observed values. The analysis should apply to yielding in many ceramics and intermetallics in single crystal form (or large grain polycrystals) where the double kink mechanism is rate-controlling. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.
Newlywed Women's Marital Expectations: Lifelong Monogamy?

Over time, perceptions of marriage in the United States have shifted from a social obligation to a decision based on personal fulfillment. This shift has been most pronounced for women who no longer rely upon marriage for financial security. Marriages based on personal fulfillment are more fragile so when love declines and constraints do not exist, infidelity and divorce are considered viable options. This study investigated newlywed women's marital expectations along with their experiences of infidelity and expectations of divorce. Newlywed women (N = 197) married 2 years or less completed an online survey. As expected, these women primarily conceptualized marriage in terms of love and personal fulfillment. They reported a variety of extramarital thoughts and behaviors, and 74% indicated some expectation of divorce.
Impulsivity in Decision-Making: An Event-Related Potential Investigation.

Impulsive individuals make risky choices, motivated more by immediate reward than potential long-term negative consequences. We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to study the impact of reward and punishment sensitivity in impulsivity on risky decision-making in a two-card choice task in groups of 14 high and 14 low impulsive undergraduates formed by a median split on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale score. The high impulsives had a larger P3 and the low impulsives a smaller P3 to the cards when making a low-risk choice suggesting that the high-risk option was the default choice of the high impulsives and the low-risk choice the default for the low impulsives. The low, but not the high impulsives had a larger error-related negativity (ERN) following high-risk choice indicating that the low impulsives evaluated the risky choice as a poor decision. The results indicate that high impulsive individuals are biased towards immediate reward during option evaluation but are less sensitive to the negative consequences of their choices.
Lipid-lowering drugs

Although a change in life-style is often the method of first choice for lipid lowering, lipid-lowering drugs, in general, help to control elevated levels of different forms of lipids in patients with hyperlipidemia. While one group of drugs, statins, lowers cholesterol, the other group, fibrates, is known to take care of fatty acids and triglycerides. In addition, other drugs, such as ezetimibe, colesevelam, torcetrapib, avasimibe, implitapide, and niacin are also being considered to manage hyperlipidemia. As lipids are very critical for cardiovascular diseases, these drugs reduce fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular abnormalities in the general population. However, a number of recent studies indicate that apart from their lipid-lowering activities, statins and fibrates exhibit multiple functions to modulate intracellular signaling pathways, inhibit inflammation, suppress the production of reactive oxygen species, and modulate T cell activity. Therefore, nowadays, these drugs are being considered as possible therapeutics for several forms of human disorders including cancer, autoimmunity, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Here I discuss these applications in the light of newly discovered modes of action of these drugs.
Molecular Nanotube Aggregates of β- and γ-Cyclodextrins Linked by Diphenylhexatrienes

Linked by strings of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) molecules, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins (CDs) can form nanotube aggregates that contain as many as approximately 20 betaCDs (20 nanometers long) or approximately 20 to 35 gammaCDs (20 to 35 nanometers long). Nanotube formation was indicated in solution, by fluorescence anisotropy and light scattering results, and on graphite surfaces, by scanning tunneling microscopy. Tubes were not observed for the smaller alphaCDs. Molecular modeling shows that CD cavity size and the rodlike DPH structure are key factors in nanotube formation. Spectra generated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance indicate the inclusion of DPH in the interior of the CDs and formation of nanotubes in betaCDs and gammaCDs only. The photophysical properties of DPH are affected by its arrangement into a one-dimensional array within the CD nanotube, possibly because of exciton formation.
Second microlocal ellipticity and propagation of conormality for semilinear wave equations

We revisit three problems on the propagation of conormal singularities for semilinear wave equations: the evolution of two simply tangent waves, the interaction of three conormal waves, and the evolution of one wave with a cusp singularity. We use quasihomogeneous blow-ups to reduce the geometries to normal crossing and show that the lift of the operator by these blow-down maps is elliptic in some directions of the compressed cotangent bundle of the blown-up manifold. This leads to both a strengthening of the previously known results and to simplification of their proofs.
Wetting characteristics of epoxy resins modified by graphitic nanofibers with different functional groups

Resin wettability and flowability are critically important for manufacturing structural composites. Various nano-modified epoxy resins have shown great potential for improving composite performance. However, the effects of the nanofillers with different functional groups on wetting behaviors of epoxy resins have not been reported. In this work, wetting characteristics of epoxy resins modified by as-received graphitic nanofibers (GNFs), oxidized GNFs and reactive GNFs (re-GNFs) that we previously developed were studied. To quantitatively evaluate effects of the matrix modification on the wetting behavior, the measuring techniques of dynamic contact angle, Du Nouy ring, and droplet spreading rate tests were taken to characterize dynamic wetting behaviors of the nano-modified epoxy matrices. The study results showed that GNFs with different functional groups led to different effects on surface tension, advancing contact angle, spreading rate of epoxy resin. In particular, the re-GNF modified epoxy showed remarkably improved wettability that was observed from the special wetting phenomenon on a fabric surface. This nano-modified epoxy system will be significant for enabling energy efficient infusion processing for manufacturing high quality and high performance structural composite application.
Trauma and Humanitarian Translation in Liberia: The Tale of Open Mole

The focus of this paper is the intercultural process through which Open Mole and trauma-related mental illnesses are brought together in the postconflict mental health encounter. In this paper, I explore the historical dimension of this process by reviewing the history of Open Mole, and the ways in which it has been interpreted, acted on, and objectified by external observers over the last half-century. Moving into Liberia's recent war and postconflict period, I examine the process by which Open Mole is transformed from a culture-bound disorder into a local idiom of trauma, and how it has become a gateway diagnosis of PTSD-related mental illnesses, and consider how it is produced as an objectified experience of psychiatric disorder in clinical humanitarian contexts. By studying how Open Mole is transformed in the humanitarian encounter, I address the structure and teleology of the humanitarian encounter and challenge some of the foundational assumptions about cultural sensitivity and community-based mental health care in postconflict settings that are prevalent in scholarship and practice today.
Hexafluoroisopropoxy-containing polyesters

Abstract A series of new polyesters containing the hexafluoro-2-propoxy group was synthesized by solution polycondensation. The 4-(2-hydroxyhexafluoro-2-propyl)benzoyl chloride was synthesized by dichromate oxidation of commercial available 4-(2-hydroxyhexafluoro-2-propyl)toluene and subsequent reaction with SOCl2. The homopolyester of this acid chloride as well as several copolyesters of 1,3- and 1,4-bis(2-hydroxyhexafluoro-2-propyl)benzene were synthesized. These highly crystalline polyesters show limited solubility in common organic solvents but are all soluble in dimethylacetamide-LiCl. Inherent viscosities ranged from 0.12 to 0.85 dl g−1. All of the polyesters showed similar thermal stabilities, exhibited weight loss in a single step and decomposed completely with negligible quantity of residue.
Measurement of PCBs, DDE, and hexachlorobenzene in cord blood from infants born in towns adjacent to a PCB-contaminated waste site

There are limited data on the concentrations of common contaminants--polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (pp'-DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB)--in umbilical cord blood. Cord blood provides the primary direct measure of prenatal exposure to these contaminants, the key determinant of PCBs' neurodevelopmental toxicities. The objective of this study was to characterize cord blood levels of PCBs, pp'-DDE, and HCB among 751 infants who were born between 1993 and 1998 to mothers residing adjacent to a PCB-contaminated harbor in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and for whom the neurodevelopmental toxicities of these compounds are being studied. We refined standard analytic methods to optimize the sensitivity and precision of trace-level PCB, p,p'-DDE, and HCB measurements in blood. Using these methods, we measured the concentrations of 51 individual PCBs, their sum (sum(PCB)), p,p'-DDE, and HCB in cord serum. With correction for background contamination, the respective mean+/-SD cord serum concentrations of sum(PCB), p,p'-DDE, and HCB were 0.54+/-0.83, 0.48+/-0.94, and 0.03+/-0.04 ng/g serum. These concentrations were generally lower than those in most of the few published studies with congener-specific measures of PCBs in cord blood. However, for less-chlorinated PCB congeners (e.g., congeners 99 and 118), study samples had concentrations comparable to those in other populations, including groups at risk for high dietary PCB exposure. Of note, the contaminated harbor sediment has a relatively high proportion of less-chlorinated PCB congeners. Thus, although the sum(PCB) in study infants was not higher than concentrations in infants studied elsewhere, the relative predominance of less-chlorinated congeners was generally consistent with the characteristics of the contaminated site.
Functional effects and cross-reactivity of antibody to purified subunit b (uncF protein) of Escherichia coli proton-ATPase

Abstract Subunit b ( uncF protein) of the proton-ATPase (F 1 F 0 ) of Escherichia coli was purified from membranes of strain AN1460 ( unc + ). Antibody to purified subunit b was raised in rabbits. It reacted with F 1 -depleted membranes and blocked F 1 binding. Bound antibody had no effect on proton transport through F 0 . F 1 -Depleted membranes competed with purified subunit b for antibody in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. F 1 -Depleted membranes which had been pretreated with trypsin or preincubated with saturating amounts of soluble F 1 competed poorly with purified subunit b for antibody. The antibody to subunit b was used to further evaluate the trypsin-cleavage data previously reported [ D. S. Perlin, D. N. Cox, and A. E. Senior (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258 , 9793–9800]. The results indicated that trypsin proteolysis of F 1 -depleted membranes resulted in the transient appearance of three fragments of subunit b ( M r = 16,400, 15,700, and 15,500) that remained tightly bound to the membrane. A water-soluble fragment ( M r 14,800), previously thought to be derived from subunit b, was not detected by the antibody. The antibody to subunit b did not cross-react with any subunit of mitochondrial, chloroplast, or other bacterial proton-ATPase, or with the proton-ATPase of clathrin-coated vesicles, plant microsomal membranes, or Neurospora crassa plasma membranes.
Spatial Relationships and Social Organization in Adult Pikas: A Facultatively Monogamous Mammal

and Summary Adult spatial relationships and social organization in a marked population of alpine mammals, the pika (Ochotona princeps), were studied over a 3-year period in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Home range size, distances between centers of activity of dyads, and weighted overlaps of home ranges of dyads were used to define space use patterns. Disappearance and establishment of individuals reflected the temporal component of space use. Relative frequencies of foraging (haying and feeding), surveillance, and communication (short calling, long calling, cheek rubbing) behaviors were recorded. Social relationships among adults were defined by agonistic interactions (aggression) and affiliative behaviors (social tolerance, vocal duets, copulations). Males and females occupied individual home ranges of equal size on talus, their obligate habitat type. Adjacent home ranges were normally occupied by pikas of the opposite sex. Replacement of home ranges was always by a member of the same sex as the previous occupant. A high degree of affiliative behavior was expressed between spatially contiguous heterosexual dyads. Aggression was greater among intrasexual than heterosexual dyads, and spatial overlaps among intrasexual conspecifics were less than among heterosexual conspecifics. Ecological constraints, such as the distribution of food (primarily located in meadows adjacent to the talus) and the short summer reproductive season (placing a premium on early appropriately timed litter;;) have apparently led to a facultatively monogamous mating system. Males can neither monopolize essential resources sufficiently to attract several females, nor defend groups of females as social repulsion among females further increases their dispersion.
A note on the linear transformation method for systolic array design

The use of the linear transformation method to systolize the Warshall algorithm for computing the transitive closure of a graph on a mesh-connected array (without wraparound connections) is discussed. The technique is extended to design linear systolic arrays. The advantage of this approach is easy verification of correctness, as well as synthesis of a family of arrays with tradeoffs between I/O bandwidth, number of processing elements, and local storage. The technique can be further refined to cope with problems that entail nonconstant dependency vectors. >
Inducing multilingual text analysis tools via robust projection across aligned corpora

This paper describes a system and set of algorithms for automatically inducing stand-alone monolingual part-of-speech taggers, base noun-phrase bracketers, named-entity taggers and morphological analyzers for an arbitrary foreign language. Case studies include French, Chinese, Czech and Spanish.Existing text analysis tools for English are applied to bilingual text corpora and their output projected onto the second language via statistically derived word alignments. Simple direct annotation projection is quite noisy, however, even with optimal alignments. Thus this paper presents noise-robust tagger, bracketer and lemmatizer training procedures capable of accurate system bootstrapping from noisy and incomplete initial projections.Performance of the induced stand-alone part-of-speech tagger applied to French achieves 96% core part-of-speech (POS) tag accuracy, and the corresponding induced noun-phrase bracketer exceeds 91% F-measure. The induced morphological analyzer achieves over 99% lemmatization accuracy on the complete French verbal system.This achievement is particularly noteworthy in that it required absolutely no hand-annotated training data in the given language, and virtually no language-specific knowledge or resources beyond raw text. Performance also significantly exceeds that obtained by direct annotation projection.
First observations of coherent scatter from the mid‐latitude F‐region in the Caribbean

The Cornell University Portable Radar Interferometer (CUPRI) started a new series of measurements of the mid-latitude ionosphere from Puerto Rico in July 1997. On the first day of operation, coherent echoes were obtained from the F region. This was the first detection of such echoes in this longitude sector. This is surprising since the MU radar has seen similar eches over Japan and the presence of related phenomena in the Caribbean suggested they should have been seen in other VHF studies. A number of F-region events were subsequently observed. Some echoes were characterized with very narrow spectra and small mean Doppler shifts. Two events had echoes whose range changed rapidly with time, but only one of these had comparable Doppler velocities. Such differences suggest that we caught the events in different stages of development. In addition to presenting samples of the data, we outline the reasons why these structures were anticipated.
Attenuation of insulin resistance by chronic β2-adrenergic agonist treatment Possible muscle specific contributions

Abstract A possible mechanism by which chronic clenbuterol treatment causes multiple physiological changes in skeletal muscle that leads to reduced insulin resistance in the obese Zucker rat ( fa / fa ) was investigated. Animals were gavaged with clenbuterol (CB) (0.8 mg·kg −1 ·day −1 ), terbutaline (TB) (1.0 mg·kg −1 ·day −1 ), or control (CT) vehicle for six weeks. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin responses were markedly improved in CB rats and impaired in TB rats. CB treatment caused a 24–34% gain in muscle mass in all muscle fiber types, and increases in 3-O-methyglucose transport (2-fold) and GLUT4 concentration (57%) in fast twitch glycolytic (FG) muscle. Oxidative capacity was reduced in both FG (47%) and fast twitch oxidative (FO) muscle (30%), but not in slow twitch oxidative (SO) muscle. Null model analysis for receptor occlusion demonstrated that most functional β-adrenoceptors were lost in FO (82%) and FG (89%) fibers, but not in SO fibers. We propose that hypertrophy is the result of continuous direct activation of β-adrenoceptors while loss in oxidative capacity may be the result of receptor down regulation. Improvements in insulin resistance may have been due, in part, to both increases in lean body mass and specific adaptations in FG muscle.
The linear Q and the calculation of decaying spherical shocks in solids

The effect of the linear Q on the decay of a spherical shock wave in a solid, as calculated by Lagrangian finite difference techniques, is determined by a study of the partial differential equations approximated by the difference equations. It is shown that the computed solutions approach an asymptotic form determined by the linear Q terms, and the decay law imposed by the linear Q is given. Finally, it is suggested that the physics of the weak decaying shock problem indicate that the numerical linear Q needs to be replaced by terms modeling a true physical damping mechanism.
The δ and δ′ Subunits of the DNA Polymerase III Holoenzyme Are Essential for Initiation Complex Formation and Processive Elongation

Abstract δ and δ′ are required for assembly of the processivity factor β2 onto primed DNA in the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme-catalyzed reaction. We developed protocols for generating highly purified preparations of δ and δ′. In holoenzyme reconstitution assays, δ′ could not be replaced by δ, τ, or γ, even when either of the latter were present at a 10,000-fold molar excess. Likewise, δ could not be replaced by δ′, τ, or γ. Bacterial strains bearing chromosomal knockouts of either the holA(δ) or holB(δ′) genes were not viable, demonstrating that both δ and δ′ are essential. Western blots of isolated initiation complexes demonstrated the presence of both δ and δ′. However, in the absence of χψ and single-stranded DNA-binding protein, a stable initiation complex lacking δδ′ was isolated by gel filtration. Lack of δ-δ′ decreased the rate of elongation about 3-fold, and the extent of processive replication was significantly decreased. Adding back δ-δ′ but not χψ, δ, or δ′ alone restored the diminished activity, indicating that in addition to being key components required for the β loading activity of the DnaX complex, δδ′ is present in initiation complex and is required for processive elongation.
The complete testing program

The school testing program is discussed in terms that stress (1) its usefulness to the teacher in helping children learn and (2) its function in determining individual differences for guidance purposes. The author is coordinator of educational research at the University of Georgia. From 1956 to 1961, he directed a city‐wide testing program in Atlanta.
Pyruvic acid, a unique component of an exocellular bacterial polysaccharide.

PYRUVIC acid, a compound widely distributed in Nature as a metabolic intermediate, is a building unit for many compounds of biological origin. For example, in the biosynthesis of sialic acid—a carbohydrate associated with mucoproteins in animals—pyruvic acid is combined enzymatically with N-acetyl mannosamine by an aldol-type condensation1,2. Muramic acid—a carbohydrate constituent of bacterial cell walls—is thought to arise from a condensation of pyruvic acid, as phosphoenol pyruvate, with N-acetyl glucosamine3. Also, pyruvic acid has been isolated and identified as a component of a commercial red seaweed polysaccharide. Structural studies indicate the presence of one acid residue for each 51 hexose units4,5.
Genes induced in programmed cell death of neuronal PC12 cells and developing sympathetic neurons in vivo.

To identify primary response genes induced during early stages of neuronal programmed cell death (PCD), we screened by differential hybridization a subtracted cDNA library prepared from neuronal PC12 cells deprived of NGF for 6 hr in the presence of cycloheximide. Eight induced cDNA sequences were identified and designatedmessage up-regulated during death (mud)-1–8.To determine which cloned sequences might be involved in neuronal PCDin vivo,expression ofmudgenes was analyzed in developing rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) undergoing programmed cell death, using a combination of reverse Southern, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), andin situhybridization. Five sequences (mud-1, -3, -5/8, -6,and-7) are induced in SCG undergoing cell deathin vivo,and induction of at least three of these (mud-3, -6, and -7) occurs in neurons. Partial sequence analysis reveals thatmud-1corresponds toannexin VI; mud-3corresponds to ratPC3,mouseTIS21; mud-4appears to be the rat homolog of humanTAFII70; mud-5and-8are >85% identical members of the rodent gene family of B2-transcribed repeats; andmud-6appears to be the rat homolog of humanRing 3and Drosophilafemale sterile homeotic(fsh).Mud-2andmud-7encode novel sequences. These new candidate genes provide markers for early stages of neuronal PCD, are potentially involved in the cell death process, and serve to expand our view of cell death control in the developing nervous system.
LWIR polarimetry for enhanced facial recognition in thermal imagery

We present a series of long-wave-infrared (LWIR) polarimetric-based thermal images of facial profiles in which polarization-state information of the image forming radiance is retained and displayed. The resultant polarimetric images show enhanced facial features, additional texture, and details that are not present in the corresponding conventional thermal imagery. It has been generally thought that conventional thermal imagery (MidiR or LWIR) could not produce the detailed spatial information required for reliable human identification due to the so-called "ghosting" effect often seen in thermal imagery of human subjects. By using polarimetric information, we are able to extract subtle surface features of the human face, thus improving subject identification. The considered polarimetric image sets include the conventional thermal intensity image, S0 , the two Stokes images, S1 and S2, and a Stokes image product called the degree-of-linear-polarization (DoLP) image. Finally, Stokes imagery is combined with Fresnel relations to extract additional 3D surface information.
Heating at the Electron Cyclotron Frequency in the ISX-B Tokamak

Results are reported of electron-cyclotron-heating experiments in which 80 kW of microwave power from a 35-GHz gyrotron is injected into a tokamak with large single-pass absorption. For 10-ms microwave pulses, incident from the high-field side of the torus, the central electron temperature increases from 850 to 1250 eV, in agreement with empirical transport-code calculations. For the first time it is demonstrated that electron temperature in a tokamak scales linearly with electron-cyclotron-heating power.
Feasibility of a railgun energy recovery circuit

The author examines the feasibility of implementing energy recovery circuits for breech-fed, inductively driven railgun systems to improve overall efficiency during repetitive operation. Computer simulations are used to examine the effects of parameter variation and to determine limitations of the proposed system. Device limitations and availability are discussed. Design rules are formulated for the basic system. >