cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formulation of Lucas–Kanade Digital Image Correlation Algorithms for Non-contact Deformation Measurements: A Review

Digital image correlation (DIC) metrology has been increasingly used in a wide range of experimental mechanics research and applications. The DIC algorithm used so far is however limited mostly to the classic forward additive Lucas–Kanade type. In this paper, a survey is given about the formulation of other types of Lucas–Kanade DIC algorithms that have been appeared in computer vision, robotics, medical image analysis literature and so on. Concise notations consistent with the finite deformation kinematics analysis in continuum mechanics are used to describe all Lucas–Kanade DIC algorithms. An intermediate image is introduced as a frame of reference to clarify the so-called compositional algorithms in a two-frame DIC analysis. Explicit examples about the additive and compositional updating of deformation parameters are given for affine deformation mapping. Extensions of these algorithms to the so-called consistent or symmetric types are also presented. The equivalency of final numerical solutions using additive, compositional and inverse compositional algorithms is shown analytically for the case of affine deformation mapping. In particular, the inverse compositional algorithm for affine image subset deformation is highlighted for its superior computational efficiency. While computationally less efficient, consistent and symmetric algorithms may be more robust and less biased and their potentials in experimental mechanics applications remain to be explored. The unified formulation of these Lucas–Kanade DIC algorithms collected all together in this paper can serve as a useful guide for researchers in experimental mechanics to further evaluate the merits as well as limitations of these non-classic algorithms for image-based precision displacement measurement applications.
Effects of chronic ethanol exposure on oral self-administration of ethanol or saccharin by Wistar rats.

The study of alcohol abuse traditionally has placed great emphasis on the development of tolerance and dependence as key factors. However, animal models of ethanol self-administration in dependent rats have been difficult to establish, caused in part by ethanol's aversive taste cues and subsequent aversive effects (i.e., "hangover" malaise) that prevent substantial ethanol consumption. In this study, this problem was addressed in animals trained to self-administer ethanol (10% w/v) in a sweetened-solution fading procedure before induction of dependence and repeated exposure to withdrawal. Once stable rates of responding for ethanol were achieved, a palatable liquid diet containing 8.7% (v/v) ethanol was introduced as the sole source of calories and fluid for one group of rats [ethanol diet (ED) group]. A second group of rats received a control diet with sucrose isocalorically substituted for ethanol (CD group). After 14-17 days of liquid diet exposure, the rats were withdrawn once a week for 4 weeks and 8 hr into each withdrawal session were allowed to self-administer ethanol or water for 60 min. As compared with CD rats, ED rats showed significantly greater intake of ethanol, but not water. No significant differences were found when separate groups of ED/CD rats were allowed to self-administer an alternate reinforcer (0.0075% saccharin solution). Rats who consistently had blood alcohol levels (BALs) above 100 mg% at the time of withdrawal sustained high levels of ethanol self-administration throughout the four withdrawal sessions. In contrast, rats who had an average BAL at withdrawal below 100 mg% showed progressive decreases in ethanol self-administration during repeated withdrawal episodes. The results demonstrated that chronic exposure to ethanol and repeated periods of abstinence are accompanied by elevated rates of ethanol intake in certain animals, and the persistence of elevated self-administration behavior of individual rats is predicted by their BAL at the time of withdrawal.
Patterns of Intergenerational Exchange and Mental Health

Past research on intergenerational exchanges suggests that parents and adult children remain vitally involved in supportive exchanges in later life. What has not been examined is the long-term importance of patterns of intergenerational exchange for individual mental health and well-being. Using data drawn from the two waves of the National Survey of Families and Households on adults aged 50 and older (N = 2237, MAge = 62.3), we tested hypotheses derived from three theoretical explanations of the relationship between exchange patterns and psychological well-being. We found strong evidence for the importance of contingent exchanges between parents and adult children in promoting older adults' psychological well-being. Whereas receiving contingent exchange has positive consequences, noncontingent giving can have negative consequences around specific transitions in the lives of parents and children.
Fast multi-planar gradient echo MR imaging: impact of variation in pulse sequence parameters on image quality and artifacts

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to quantitatively evaluate the practical impact of alteration of key imaging parameters on image quality and artifacts in fast multi-planar gradient echo (GRE) pulse sequences. These include multi-planar GRASS (MPGR) and fast multi-planar spoiled GRASS (FMPSPGR). We developed a composite phantom with different T1 and T2 values comprising the range of common biological tissues, which was also subjected to periodic motion in order to evaluate motion effects. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a GE Signa 1.5-T system. Experimental variations in key parameters included excitation flip angle (FL), echo time (TE), repetition time (TR), and receive bandwidth (BW). Quantitative analysis consisted of signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and contrast (CN), image nonuniformity (NU), full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) (i.e., blurring or geometric distortion), and ghosting ratio (GR). We found that flip angle, TE, and TR play particularly critical roles in determining image signal, homogeneity, and ghosting artifact with these sequences. Optimum clinical application of these pulse sequences requires careful attention to these imaging parameters and to their complex interactions.
Design and microfabrication of a polymer-modified carbon sensor array for the measurement of neurotransmitter signals

A novel carbon sensor array has been microfabricated for the spatially distributed measurement of biological Nitric Oxide (NO). NO is intrinsically involved in a large number of brain injury states, like stroke, besides performing a bioregulatory role. The distributed measurement of biological NO signals is expected to be a very useful tool for researchers studying such phenomena. The array consists of microelectrode sites ordered as a 4/spl times/4 grid, and has been fabricated on a Si wafer using the photolithography of graphitic carbon. To provide selectivity to NO, in the presence of a large number of possible interfering ionic species, novel polymer coatings were used to modify the properties of the electrode array surface. First, a layer of the anion-blocking resin Nafion was spin-coated. The thickness-spin speed profile for Nafion was determined. The second layer consists of a combination of m-phenylenediamine and resorcinol which functions as a size filter. The resultant electrode array was selective and sensitive to NO at physiological levels, and was not responsive to analogous concentrations of dopamine, ascorbic acid and nitrite. Further, the sensors demonstrated very quick and short response times, making them suitable to measure fast, transient NO signals in the brain or vasculature.
Self-evaluation in advanced power searching and mapping with google MOOCs

While there is a large amount of work on creating autograded massive open online courses (MOOCs), some kinds of complex, qualitative exam questions are still beyond the current state of the art. For MOOCs that need to deal with these kinds of questions, it is not possible for a small course staff to grade students' qualitative work. To test the efficacy of self-evaluation as a method for complex-question evaluation, students in two Google MOOCs have submitted projects and evaluated their own work. For both courses, teaching assistants graded a random sample of papers and compared their grades with self-evaluated student grades. We found that many of the submitted projects were of very high quality, and that a large majority of self-evaluated projects were accurately evaluated, scoring within just a few points of the gold standard grading.
Institutional factors affecting biophysical outcomes in forest management

Although there is considerable interest in the impact of diverse policies affecting the biophysical outcomes in forests, gaining a substantial sample over time of forests under different institutional arrangements has been difficult. This article analyzes data from 46 forests located in six countries over time. In forests where policies have been adopted for conservation, active monitoring and sanctioning by locals is associated with positive forest conditions. Forests that allow user group harvesting, perhaps counterintuitively, are also shown to be associated with positive forest conditions. However, conditions in community-managed forests are not statistically different from government- or privately managed forests. This implies that local communities can play an important role in achieving positive forest conditions but that full management responsibilities need not be given to achieve these results. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Therapies for triple negative breast cancer.

Introduction: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease associated with a high risk of recurrence, and therapeutic options are currently limited to cytotoxic therapy. Germ-line mutations may occur in up to 20% of unselected patients with TNBC, which may serve as a biomarker identifying which patients may have tumors that are particularly sensitive to platinums and/or inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase. A substantial proportion of patients with TNBCs not associated with germ-line BRCA mutations may have tumors that are ‘BRCA-like’, rendering those individuals potential candidates for similar strategies.Areas covered: The purpose of this review is to highlight the current standard and experimental treatment strategies.Expert opinion: Recent research that has illuminated the molecular heterogeneity of the disease rationalizes its diverse biological behavior and differential response to chemotherapy. Modern technology platforms provide molecular signatures that can be mined for the...
Toward Better Defining the Field of Agribusiness Management

Despite the growth and interest in the agribusiness profession, what constitutes agribusiness management research continues to be a perennial debate. This study argues that the advancement of a field is predicated on defining a field’s set of fundamental questions or issues because resolution of such issues serves to elevate the field to a high level of research inquiry. In order to advance the domain of agribusiness management in agricultural economics, this study examines four questions of strategy and outlines the pertinent theories used in resolving such concerns. Theories which we feel can advance agribusiness management to be a distinct discipline include Coase’s (1937) treatment on the “nature of the firm,” Simon’s (1957, 1976) concept of bounded rationality, Penrose’s (1959) theory of the growth of the firm, and subsequently Barney’s (1986, 1991) Resource-Based View. The relevance and implications of this early work should serve as a guide to those seeking to explain an agribusiness firm’s existence, behavior, growth and heterogeneity.
Health, medicine, and ophthalmology: facing the facts and paying the piper LVI Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture.

Abstract PURPOSE: To describe the sources of tension within the health care system and methods for pursuing their solution. METHODS: Presentation of observations pertinent to patient, provider, and payer perspectives relevant to the cost, delivery, and quality of care and their impact on health. RESULTS: Societal forces, not just wealth, are major determinants of both health and the costs of health care. CONCLUSIONS: Tensions created by rising health care costs in the face of finite societal resources will increase in the years ahead. These can be resolved only by realizing new efficiencies in care, and prioritizing, through an explicit process, the care that is to be provided.
Genome-wide screen for modifiers of Na (+) /K (+) ATPase alleles identifies critical genetic loci

Mutations affecting the Na + / K + ATPase (a.k.a. the sodium-potassium pump) genes cause conditional locomotor phenotypes in flies and three distinct complex neurological diseases in humans. More than 50 mutations have been identified affecting the human ATP1A2 and ATP1A3 genes that are known to cause rapid-onset Dystonia Parkinsonism, familial hemiplegic migraine, alternating hemiplegia of childhood, and variants of familial hemiplegic migraine with neurological complications including seizures and various mood disorders. In flies, mutations affecting the ATPalpha gene have dramatic phenotypes including altered longevity, neural dysfunction, neurodegeneration, myodegeneration, and striking locomotor impairment. Locomotor defects can manifest as conditional bang-sensitive (BS) or temperature-sensitive (TS) paralysis: phenotypes well-suited for genetic screening. We performed a genome-wide deficiency screen using three distinct missense alleles of ATPalpha and conditional locomotor function assays to identify novel modifier loci. A secondary screen confirmed allele-specificity of the interactions and many of the interactions were mapped to single genes and subsequently validated. We successfully identified 64 modifier loci and used classical mutations and RNAi to confirm 50 single gene interactions. The genes identified include those with known function, several with unknown function or that were otherwise uncharacterized, and many loci with no described association with locomotor or Na+/K+ ATPase function. We used an unbiased genome-wide screen to find regions of the genome containing elements important for genetic modulation of ATPalpha dysfunction. We have identified many critical regions and narrowed several of these to single genes. These data demonstrate there are many loci capable of modifying ATPalpha dysfunction, which may provide the basis for modifying migraine, locomotor and seizure dysfunction in animals.
Assessing Low Redox Stability of Myoglobin Relative to Rapid Hemin Loss from Hemoglobin

Bovine myoglobin (Mb) auto-oxidized 11-fold faster at pH 5.7 compared to bovine hemoglobin (Hb). Replacement of Ser(F7) in bovine Mb with positively charged or large apolar residues decreased auto-oxidation rates (2- to 4-fold) in comparison with wild-type Mb (P < 0.05). However, the same substitutions increased hemin loss rate (15- to 28-fold), indicating that hydrogen bonding between Ser(F7) and the heme-7-propionate is critical for stabilizing protoporphyrin in the globin. The anchoring of Ser(F7) to the heme-7-propionate in the proximal pocket of Mb is suggested to expose the distal pocket to solvent molecules that accelerate auto-oxidation. The rate of hemin loss from metHb at pH 5.7 was 68-fold faster compared to metMb. The ability of Ser(F7) and His(FG3) in Mb to form stabilizing contacts with the heme-7-propionate maintains hemin within the globin whereas Leu(F7) and Leu(FG3) of Hb cannot form stabilizing contacts which results in low hemin affinity. MetHb promoted lipid oxidation more effectively in washed muscle at pH 5.7 compared to metMb (P < 0.05). The greater ability of bovine metHb to promote lipid oxidation is likely due to its enhanced rate of hemin dissociation compared to bovine metMb.
PTEN is required to maintain luminal epithelial homeostasis and integrity in the adult mammary gland

In the mammary gland, PTEN loss in luminal and basal epithelial cells results in differentiation defects and enhanced proliferation, leading to the formation of tumors with basal epithelial characteristics. In breast cancer, PTEN loss is associated with a hormone receptor-negative, basal-like subtype that is thought to originate in a luminal epithelial cell. Here, we show that luminal-specific PTEN loss results in distinct effects on epithelial homeostasis and mammary tumor formation. Luminal PTEN loss increased proliferation of hormone receptor-negative cells, thereby decreasing the percentage of hormone receptor-positive cells. Moreover, luminal PTEN loss led to misoriented cell divisions and mislocalization of cells to the intraluminal space of mammary ducts. Despite their elevated levels of activated AKT, Pten-null intraluminal cells showed increased levels of apoptosis. One year after Pten deletion, the ducts had cleared and no palpable mammary tumors were detected. These data establish PTEN as a critical regulator of luminal epithelial homeostasis and integrity in the adult mammary gland, and further show that luminal PTEN loss alone is not sufficient to promote the progression of mammary tumorigenesis.
Surface Characterization Using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in Liquid Environments

Liquid imaging provides intrinsic advantages for AFM experiments, particularly for conducting in situ studies of chemical or biochemical reactions. Using liquid media has benefits for improving resolution, since the amount of force applied between the tip and sample can be reduced. Surface changes caused by immersion in different liquids can be investigated, such as for studying electrochemical reactions with different parameters of solvent polarity, pH or ion concentration. Aqueous buffers enable studies of biochemical reactions that simulate physiological conditions, with time-lapse capture of image frames at different intervals. Studies of surface changes throughout the course of self-assembly reactions have been monitored with AFM in liquid media. By injecting new molecules into the sample cell, AFM-based nanofabrication can be accomplished by nanografting protocols. Liquid environments expand the capabilities for scanning probe studies to provide insight for dynamic processes at the molecular-level.
Fake News Views: How Satire News Plays a Role in Perceptions of Television News Credibility

This study examined the potential impact of satire news programs on perceptions of media credibility using second-level agenda-setting, showing that negative portrayals of television news on satire news shows makes salient certain negative attributes that affect viewer perceptions of credibility. A survey (n=650) found that Daily Show/Colbert Report viewers had less positive views about the credibility of television news programs. A content analysis (N=401) of four weeks of episodes of The Daily Show and The Colbert Report reflected the results of the survey, showing that television news programs, particularly those on cable, were more frequently portrayed negatively and made the target of jokes.
The debate is still open; benign or malignant: a case report of a multifocal epithelioid haemangioma of fibula

In this case, we report an epithelioid haemangioma (EH) of the fibula with ill-defined multifocal lesions and a resultant pathologic fracture. Based on radiographic appearance, these lesions were initially thought to represent a malignant process, such as primary malignant bone tumour, metastases or multiple myeloma. Osseous EHs are rare. Although they can present as multifocal lesions, the majority of bony EHs are solitary and arise in the diaphysis or metaphysis of long tubular bones, with a predilection for the lower extremity. Non-specific radiological findings, debatable cytological appearance and unpredictable clinical growth patterns commonly cause misdiagnosis of malignancy. To the best of our knowledge, a case of EH with multiple growing lesions of the fibula has not yet been reported in the literature.
Microneedle-mediated intradermal delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

OBJECTIVE Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the physiologically most active and abundant flavanol, accounting for 50-80% of green tea catechins. It is an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, chemopreventive and skin photoprotective agent. However, light sensitivity and low permeability of EGCG across the stratum corneum due to its high molecular weight as well as strong binding to the lipid bilayers in the skin make it difficult to be used as a key ingredient in cosmetic products. This study aimed to formulate a photostable hydrogel of EGCG with good rheological properties for dermal application and investigate the effect of skin microporation using maltose microneedles on its permeation through dermatomed porcine skin. METHODS Effect of l-glutathione on photodegradation of EGCG was investigated by exposing samples to ultraviolet irradiation for 1 h using a solar simulator. Hydrogels with varying concentrations of Carbopol 980 (0.5-2% w/v) as an gelling agent were prepared, and their rheological properties were evaluated using a rheometer. Skin microporation was confirmed by assessing the skin resistance, transepidermal water loss and calcein imaging of the microchannels created by the microneedles. Permeation of EGCG from aqueous solution as well as the rheologically optimized hydrogel through the dermatomed porcine skin (untreated and microneedle treated) was evaluated using static vertical Franz diffusion cells. RESULTS l-glutathione acting as a co-antioxidant and photostabilizer significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the degradation of EGCG from 21.53 ± 2.78% to 1.0 ± 0.68% after 1 h of ultraviolet irradiation. Rotational and oscillatory rheological tests indicated that the hydrogel containing 1.5% Carbopol 980 is acceptable for topical application in terms of flow behaviour, elasticity, spreadability, structural stability and thixotropy. Microneedle-treated skin showed significant enhancement (P < 0.05) in the delivery of EGCG to viable epidermis and dermis from the aqueous solution (38.67 ± 2.96 μg cm(-2) ) as well as hydrogel (24.60 ± 2.62 μg cm(-2) ) in comparison with the untreated skin (24.16 ± 2.11 and 15.62 ± 0.24 μg cm(-2) for aqueous solution and hydrogel, respectively). CONCLUSION Addition of glutathione in EGCG formulations significantly reduces its photodegradation. Skin microporation with maltose microneedles facilitates the penetration of EGCG across the stratum corneum into the deeper skin layers - viable epidermis and dermis.
Intuitive Design Selection using Visualized n-Dimensional Pareto Frontier

A visualization methodology is presented in which a Pareto Frontier can be visualized in an intuitive and straightforward manner for an n-dimensional performance space. An approach for preference incorporation is presented that enables a designer to quickly identify ‘good’ points and regions of the performance spaces for a multi-objective optimization application, regardless of space complexity, numbers of objectives, or numbers of Pareto points. Visualizing Pareto solutions for more than three objectives has long been a significant challenge to the multi-objective optimization community. The Hyper-space Diagonal Counting (HSDC) method described here enables the lossless visualization to be implemented to achieve a hyperspace Pareto frontier. In this paper, we demonstrate the incredible power of using the hyperspace Pareto frontier as a visualization tool for design concept selection in a multiobjective optimization environment.
State equations for maneuvering and control of flexible bodies in terms of quasi-momenta

This paper is concerned with the derivation of state equations suitable for the task of designing maneuvers of flexible bodies in space while controlling the elastic vibration. l h e equations are in t e r m of quasi-momenta, defined as momenta corresponding to quasi-coordinates, and are simpler in form than the equations in terms of quasi-coordinates. A perturbation approach permits design of a dual-level control, a high-authority control for the rigid-body maneuvering and a low-authority control for the suppression of the elastic vibration.
Response of Slope Erosion to Global Climate Change on the Loess Tableland

Climate change will have considerable impacts on soil erosion on the Loess Plateau and assessing the possible impacts may provide useful information for agriculture production.The objective of this study was to simulate the response of slope erosion (5° and 10°) on the loess tableland during 2010-2039 based on HadCM3 (Hadley Centre Coupled Model,version 3) and WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) model.GCMs predicted a 1.8% to 17.5% increase in annual precipitation,0.5 ℃ to 0.9 ℃ rises in maximum temperature,and 2.0 ℃ to 2.3 ℃ rise in minimum temperature for the region.Compared with the present climate,the runoff and soil loss of May and August to October will increase greatly.Percent increases,as averaged for each emissions scenario and slope,ranged from 51% to 117% for annual runoff and 31% to 170% for annual soil loss.Climate change will exacerbate soil and water loss in hillslopes on the Loess Plateau and some countermeasures are necessary to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change.
Study on the optimal multi-objective water supply operation ma th model and the decision arithmetic in the irrigation district

In this paper, the principle of the large-sc alesystem decomposition-coordination is applied to solve the problems of optimization water allocation system in the Qujing Irrigation District in Yunnan Provinceand the two-level hierarchical optimization model is established and solved bysimulation technique in combination with the optimization methods. The program diagrams of optimal decision arithmetic are posed. The problems of many water resources, multi-purpose, multi-user and water supply multi-probability are solved. The research results can provide scientific basis for the water dispatching operation in other irrigation districts.
Design and Practice of Electronic-ordering System for Dispatching and Operation in Guangdong Power Grid

Since the traditional telephone-ordering mode for dispatching is becoming increasingly deficient,a novel electronic-ordering system for dispatching and operation is introduced,which can integrate many functions together,such as dispatching order sending,maintenance sheet query,and log recording et al.And the corresponding security and reliability strategies are designed.At the early stage of promoting in Guangdong Power Grid,a double-track operating process and organizational management measures are implemented.
African-American Community Management

Abstract Corporate America is currently enjoying its greatest economic successes, far exceeding any periods in American history. Gainfully employed and traditional middle class institutions are benefiting handsomely from corporate success and an overall strong global economy. There is another America, however. It is disenfranchised and suffers from an interminable history and apathetic neglect by its well-to-do citizens and its government. This article proposes a progressive social paradigm that excites, educates, and promotes original African-American neighborhood initiatives through community self-management, using a comprehensive quality leadership approach. A Joint Center for Community Management is offered as a neighborhood-based, university partnered institution for creating perpetual learning platforms. The center integrates and builds an interdisciplinary and interprofessional knowledge foundation for citizen community self-management in actualizing progressive social change.
5-Aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide analogues are selective inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum microgametocyte exflagellation and potential malaria transmission blocking agents

Plasmodium falciparum calcium-dependent protein kinase 4 (PfCDPK4) is essential for the exflagellation of male gametocytes. Inhibition of PfCDPK4 is an effective way of blocking the transmission of malaria by mosquitoes. A series of 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide analogues are demonstrated to be potent inhibitors of PfCDPK4. The compounds are also able to block exflagellation of Plasmodium falciparum male gametocytes without observable toxicity to mammalian cells.
Functional remodeling of subtype-specific markers surrounding implanted neuroprostheses

We report novel changes in the local expression of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic markers surrounding microelectrode arrays implanted in the motor cortex of rats, where a progressive shift towa...
ADHD and dyslexia: The possible link via sluggish cognitive tempo

Researchers have identified a “multiple-deficit” model of the comorbidity between ADHD and dyslexia in which each disorder has multiple predictors—some specific and some shared.
Radical Breakthroughs in Natural Product and Cofactor Biosynthesis

The radical SAM (S-adenosyl-l-methionine) superfamily is one of the largest group of enzymes with >113000 annotated sequences [Landgraf, B. J., et al. (2016) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 85, 485–514]. Members of this superfamily catalyze the reductive cleavage of SAM using an oxygen sensitive 4Fe-4S cluster to transiently generate 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical that is subsequently used to initiate diverse free radical-mediated reactions. Because of the unique reactivity of free radicals, radical SAM enzymes frequently catalyze chemically challenging reactions critical for the biosynthesis of unique structures of cofactors and natural products. In this Perspective, I will discuss the impact of characterizing novel functions in radical SAM enzymes on our understanding of biosynthetic pathways and use two recent examples from my own group with a particular emphasis on two radical SAM enzymes that are responsible for carbon skeleton formation during the biosynthesis of a cofactor and natural products.
Governing for Creativity

The paper addresses the question of how, in a research-intensive university, choices should be made to determine strategies that are appropriate for ambitious and creative institutions committed to both teaching and research at a high level. The paper calls for accountable real leadership at the university level and at lower levels. It also calls for organizational flexibility and flexibility in the allocation of material and immaterial resources.
Communication and resilience: multilevel applications and insights – A Journal of Applied Communication Research forum

The concept of human resilience continues to gain popularity among practitioners and scholars. A Google Trends search using the term ‘resilience’ illustrates that the number of searches for the con...
Seeing results: Outcomes from offering breast cancer survivorship care for more than 10 years.

32Background: The University of Tennessee Medical Center (UTMCK), Knoxville Tennessee is the region’s sole academic medical center. Annually, 3000 new patients are seen within the Cancer Institute ...
Inside out: teaching empathy and social-emotional skills

Research suggests that children with better social-emotional skills have greater academic success; but most schools still do not have a set social-emotional learning (SEL) curriculum. 'Inside Out' is a three-part online tool for middle school classrooms that makes social-emotional learning accessible and supports teachers to track emotions and facilitate SEL activities. Students can evaluate how they experience and express emotion, understand others' emotional states and address these emotions through guided SEL activities in the classroom. Our initial demonstration received positive feedback, and we observed high engagement from children and teachers.
In Ramanujan’s Shadow

One variable θ-functions and θ-constants are powerful tools in the study of function theory, combinatorics and number theory. This is the main theme of this article and our recently published book [2]. We emphasize a unified approach to a diverse set of problems that include uniformizations of Riemann surfaces represented by subgroups of the modular group, applications to combinatorial number theory and the derivation of beautiful identities. In this expository note we provide a sample of the methods and results of my joint work with H.M Farkas. We outline some proofs and supply complete references to results not appearing in [2].
RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER IN CERAMIC OXIDE FUEL ELEMENTS.

(1970). Radiation Heat Transfer in Ceramic Oxide Fuel Elements. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 126-129.
Autoimmune Disease Induced in Rabbits by Administration of Mercuric Chloride: Evidence Suggesting a Role for Antigens of the Connective Tissue Matrix

There is evidence that autologous antigens may have a role in the pathogenesis of various types of nephritides spontaneously developing in animals and in man. Data available suggest the involvement of antigens of glomerular basement membrane (GBM), cell nuclei, thyroid, and, possibly, brush border of proximal tubules, and tumors (Wilson and Dixon, 1976). The mechanisms of autoimmunization, however, are not well understood.
Nasometric Comparison Between Spanish–English Bilingual and English Monolingual Children:

Objective:It is well established in the literature that English diagnostic tests should not be directly applied to speakers whose primary language is Spanish. Normative nasalance data across word a...
Opioid Prescribing Rates by Congressional Districts, United States, 2016

Objectives. To determine the extent to which opioid prescribing rates vary across US congressional districts.Methods. In an observational cross-sectional framework using secondary data, we construc...
Brewing Coffee Party Activism in Tea Party Territory: Faith and Politics in Rural America

AbstractHow do people remain politically active in hostile or seemingly hopeless contexts? We apply Jack Barbalet’s theory of “confidence” as a necessary precursor to “action” to understand how mem...
Poisson Multilevel Models with Small Samples.

Recent methodological studies have investigated the properties of multilevel models with small samples. Previous work has primarily focused on continuous outcomes and little attention has been paid...
Markerless high-frequency prospective motion correction for neuroanatomical MRI.

PURPOSE To integrate markerless head motion tracking with prospectively corrected neuroanatomical MRI sequences and to investigate high-frequency motion correction during imaging echo trains. METHODS A commercial 3D surface tracking system, which estimates head motion by registering point cloud reconstructions of the face, was used to adapt the imaging FOV based on head movement during MPRAGE and T2 SPACE (3D variable flip-angle turbo spin-echo) sequences. The FOV position and orientation were updated every 6 lines of k-space (< 50 ms) to enable "within-echo-train" prospective motion correction (PMC). Comparisons were made with scans using "before-echo-train" PMC, in which the FOV was updated only once per TR, before the start of each echo train (ET). Continuous-motion experiments with phantoms and in vivo were used to compare these high-frequency and low-frequency correction strategies. MPRAGE images were processed with FreeSurfer to compare estimates of brain structure volumes and cortical thickness in scans with different PMC. RESULTS The median absolute pose differences between markerless tracking and MR image registration were 0.07/0.26/0.15 mm for x/y/z translation and 0.06o/0.02o/0.12° for rotation about x/y/z. The PMC with markerless tracking substantially reduced motion artifacts. The continuous-motion experiments showed that within-ET PMC, which minimizes FOV encoding errors during ETs that last over 1 second, reduces artifacts compared with before-ET PMC. T2 SPACE was found to be more sensitive to motion during ETs than MPRAGE. FreeSurfer morphometry estimates from within-ET PMC MPRAGE images were the most accurate. CONCLUSION Markerless head tracking can be used for PMC, and high-frequency within-ET PMC can reduce sensitivity to motion during long imaging ETs.
Relations between Reactive and Proactive Aggression and Daily Emotions in Adolescents.

The current study examined whether individual differences in reactive and proactive aggression: 1) relate to level of daily emotion, including happiness, sadness, anger, and fear, 2) predict across-day variability in these emotions, and 3) moderate reactivity of these emotions to positive and negative events. Participants were a racially/ethnically diverse sample of 144 adolescents (80 girls, 64 boys; M age = 13.55 years; SD = 1.34). Adolescents self-reported on reactive and proactive aggression in a home visit prior to the collection of daily data. Using daily dairy procedures, adolescents then reported on their daily emotions and positive/negative events over 12 consecutive days. Higher reactive aggression was associated with greater levels of daily anger, more variability in anger across days, and heightened angry reactivity to negative events. Additionally, higher reactive aggression predicted lower levels of daily happiness but greater happy reactivity to positive events. Finally, higher reactive aggression was linked to increased variability in daily fear. In contrast, proactive aggression was largely unrelated to adolescents’ daily emotions, with the exception that higher proactive aggression predicted less variability in happiness across days. Results indicate that reactive aggression is characterized by significant emotionality at the daily level, and proactive aggression is characterized by lack of emotionality.
A Single Protein Disruption Site Results in Efficient Reassembly by Multiple Engineering Methods.

Abstract Disrupting a protein’s sequence by cleavage or insertion of a hinge domain forms the basis for protein engineering tools, including fragment complementation, circular permutation, and domain swapping. Despite the utility of these designs, their widespread implementation has been limited by the difficulty in choosing where to interrupt the protein sequence: the resulting fragments often aggregate or fail to reassemble. Here, we show that an optimal site exists within ribose binding protein (RBP) that, when disrupted, results in the most efficient formation of fragment-complemented and domain-swapped species. Cleaving RBP at this site also produces a highly stable, cooperatively folded circular permutant. This hot-spot site was identified by an experimental approach involving selection among competing folds. We find that efficiency in the case of RBP is determined by kinetic factors (survival of the first) rather than thermodynamics (survival of the fittest). Together with emerging computational tools, this limited data set defines a pathway for designing robust platforms for molecular switches and biosensors based on the aforementioned protein modifications.
Types of urbanization and economic growth

What is the relationship between urbanization and economic growth? Though many scholars have long documented the impact of urbanization on economic growth, others find no relationship has been esta...
Protective role of ErbB3 signaling in myeloid cells during adaptation to cardiac pressure overload.

Abstract Background Myeloid cells play an important role in a wide variety of cardiovascular disorders, including both ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1)/ErbB signaling has recently emerged as an important factor contributing to the control of inflammatory activation of myeloid cells after an ischemic injury. However, the role of ErbB signaling in myeloid cells in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy is not fully understood. This study investigated the role of ErbB3 receptors in the regulation of early adaptive response using a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods and results TAC surgery was performed in groups of age- and sex-matched myeloid cell-specific ErbB3-deficient mice (ErbB3MyeKO) and control animals (ErbB3MyeWT). The number of cardiac CD45 immune cells, CD11b myeloid cells, Ly6G neutrophils, and Ly6C monocytes was determined using flow cytometric analysis. Five days after TAC, survival was dramatically reduced in male but not female ErbB3MyeKO mice or control animals. The examination of lung weight to body weight ratio suggested that acute pulmonary edema was present in ErbB3MyeKO male mice after TAC. To determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the increased mortality in ErbB3MyeKO male mice, cardiac cell populations were examined at day 3 post-TAC using flow cytometry. Myeloid cells accumulated in control but not in ErbB3MyeKO male mouse hearts. This was accompanied by increased proliferation of Sca-1 positive non-immune cells (endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in control but not ErbB3MyeKO male mice. No significant differences in intramyocardial accumulation of myeloid cells or proliferation of Sca-1 cells were found between the groups of ErbB3MyeKO and ErbB3MyeWT female mice. An antibody-based protein array analysis revealed that IGF-1 expression was significantly downregulated only in ErbB3MyeKO mice hearts compared to control animals after TAC. Conclusion Our data demonstrate the crucial role of myeloid cell-specific ErbB3 signaling in the cardiac accumulation of myeloid cells, which contributes to the activation of cardiac endothelial cells and fibroblasts and development of an early adaptive response to cardiac pressure overload in male mice.
Pillar One Tax Games

The OECD’s Pillar One Blueprint proposes a new taxing right, Amount A, that would shift the pre-tax profits of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from Residence and Source jurisdictions to Market jurisdictions. The Amount A formula provides multiple opportunities for both MNEs and tax jurisdictions to engage in “tax games” that would increase the overall complexity of the international tax system. This article explores some of the possible tax games implicit in both the Amount A formula and the four-step process for identifying “tax-relieving” jurisdictions. Two numerical case studies provide examples of the possible Pillar One tax games, and highlight the resulting increase in tax complexity and tax uncertainty.
First-order velocity memory effect from compact binary coalescing sources

It has long been known that gravitational waves from compact binary coalescing sources are responsible for a first-order displacement memory effect experienced by a pair of freely falling test masses. This constant displacement is sourced from the nonvanishing final gravitational-wave strain present in the wave's after zone, often referred to as the nonlinear memory effect, and is of the same order of magnitude as the strain from the outgoing quadrupole radiation. Hence, this prediction of general relativity is verifiable experimentally by measurement of the final relative separation between test masses that comprise gravitational-wave detectors. In a separate context, independent calculations have demonstrated that exact, sandwich, plane-wave spacetimes exhibit a velocity memory effect; a nonzero relative velocity, gained by a pair of test masses in free fall, after the passage of a gravitational wave. In this paper, we find that in addition to the known constant displacement memory effect test masses experience, a velocity memory effect at leading order arises due to the nonlinear nature of gravitational waves from compact binary sources. We discuss the magnitude of the first-order velocity memory effect in the context of observing gravitational-wave radiation from super massive binary black hole mergers in LISA.
Kinetic Action and Radicalization: A Case Study of Pakistan

Drone strikes have been ongoing and there is a debate about their benefits. One major question is what is their role with respect to radicalization. This paper presents a data-driven approach to explore the relationship between drone strikes in Pakistan and subsequent responses, often in the form of terrorist attacks carried out by those in the communities targeted by these counterterrorism measures. Our analysis of news reports which discussed drone strikes and radicalization suggests that government-sanctioned drone strikes in Pakistan appear to drive terrorist events with a distributed lag that can be determined analytically. We then utilize these news reports to inform and calibrate an agent-based model which is grounded in radicalization and opinion dynamics theory. In doing so, we were able to simulate terrorist attacks that approximated the rate and magnitude observed in Pakistan from 2007 through 2018. We argue that this research effort advances the field of radicalization and lays the foundation for further work in the area of data-driven modeling and kinetic actions.
Nonobstructive coarctation

Roentgenographic studies, including plain chest roentgenography, thoracic aortography, and coronary angiography, were performed in seven adult patients with nonobstructive coarctation, a congenital deformity of the upper thoracic aorta. The chest roentgenographic findings were compared with those of ten patients with obstructive coarctation studied during the same period. A great similarity was found in the morphology and associated lesions of these two conditions, which supports the idea that nonobstructive and obstructive coarctation are stages of the same disease. Patients with nonobstructive coarctation had a more prominent aortic arch, and the indentation in the thoracic aorta was higher than in patients with obstructive coarctation. In addition, patients with non-obstructive coarctation had no rib notching on plain chest roentgenograms. Angiographic evaluation in patients with nonobstructive disease demonstrated the anatomic lesion, the absence of collateral circulation, and the commonly associated anomalies of the aortic valve.
Median Arcuate Ligament Release in Patients with POTS

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) has been described for over a century, yet the etiology and pathophysiology are not well understood. Interestingly, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) has been observed to be associated with MALS, with approximately 5% of POTS patients having the diagnosis of MALS also. Based on the most current literature available, this chapter will discuss the etiology, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic findings, therapeutic options, and anesthetic considerations for patients with POTS and MALS. The laparoscopic approach is now widely accepted as the standard for surgical treatment. The anesthetic management of these patients must include several unique considerations in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases.
MeshNet++: A Network with a Face

Polygon meshes are a popular representation in computer graphics. They efficiently provide delineations of complex 3D shapes. However, their irregular structure hinders mesh analysis efforts in deep learning frameworks; few neural networks exist to describe meshes. MeshNet is a pioneer in this direction. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network that is substantially deeper than its MeshNet predecessor. This increase in depth is achieved through our specialized convolution and pooling blocks that operate on mesh faces. Our network named MeshNet++ learns local structures at multiple scales and is also robust to shortcomings of mesh decimation. We evaluated it for the shape classification task on various data sets, and results significantly higher than state-of-the-art were observed. In particular, results demonstrated that even a small number of examples suffice for training MeshNet++. Our code is available at https://github.com/VimsLab/MeshNet2.