cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic beryllium disease: Diagnosis and management

Chronic beryllium disease is predominantly a pulmonary granulomatosis that was originally described in 1946. Symptoms usually include dyspnea and cough. Fever, anorexia, and weight loss are common. Skin lesions are the most common extrathoracic manifestation. Granulomatous hepatitis, hypercalcemia, and kidney stones can also occur. Radiographic and physiologic abnormalities are similar to those in sarcoidosis. While traditionally the pathologic changes included granulomas and cellular interstitial changes, the hallmark of the disease today is the well-formed granuloma. Immunologic studies have demonstrated a cell-mediated response to beryllium that is due to an accumulation of CD4+ T cells at the site of disease activity. Diagnosis depends on the demonstration of pathologic changes (i.e., granuloma) and evidence that the granuloma was caused by a hypersensitivity to beryllium (i.e., positive lung proliferative response to beryllium). Using these criteria, the diagnosis of chronic beryllium disease can now be made before the onset of clinical symptoms. Whether, with early diagnosis, the natural course of this condition will be the same as when it was traditionally diagnosed is not known. Currently, corticosteroids are used to treat patients with significant symptoms or evidence of progressive disease.
Affectionate Expressions as Face-Threatening Acts: Receiver Assessments

Although expressions of affection may be regarded as a form of support between relational partners, affectionate communication has the potential also to be threatening to senders’ and receivers’ face needs, especially in nonromantic relationships. On the premise that a given communicative act can support positive face needs while simultaneously threatening negative face needs, this study applied politeness theory to the task of predicting receivers’ responses to affectionate messages from adult platonic friends. Results indicated that direct, unequivocal affectionate messages were the most supportive of positive face and also the most threatening to negative face, while indirect, equivocal messages supported positive face and threatened negative face the least. A curvilinear relationship emerged between the directness of affectionate messages and receivers’ intentions to reciprocate them, with the most direct and most indirect messages being most likely to be reciprocated. The implications of these findin...
Ideology, Discourse, and Gender: How Gatekeepers Talk about Women School Superintendents

By examining how gatekeepers talk about women who work in the male-dominated occupation of the public school superintendence!, we show that gatekeepers' explanations and descriptions of women's actions and situations frequently embody the ideologies and discourses of individual achievement and gender neutrality. We argue that this contributes to the persistence of men's dominance of positions of power. We show that gatekeepers sometimes rethink taken-for-granted explanations of women's situations and thus that these powerful ideologies and discourses are not invulnerable to change.
Suprarenal mass and its differential diagnosis

Nine cases of suprarenal masses without endocrine abnormalities are presented: 2 adrenal pseudocysts, 2 adrenal myelolipomas, 2 neuroblastomas, 1 lymphoma metastatic to the adrenal glands, 1 teratoma, and 1 adrenal cortical carcinoma metastatic to the contralateral gland. The clinical and radiologic findings are discussed. Noninvasive and invasive procedures and their usefulness in diagnosing masses in the suprarenal area are reported. The importance of metastases to the adrenal glands in the differential diagnosis of suprarenal masses was investigated by reviewing the autopsies done from January through June, 1979, at The University of Texas System Cancer Center, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, Texas. Adrenal metastases were found in 26 per cent of the cases studied. Breast and lung carcinomas and lymphomas were the most commonly found neoplasia. The relative incidence of microscopic and macroscopic metastases in all patients with tumor is discussed.
Ecology of a Pleistocene Relict, the Western Big-Eared Rat (Plecotus townsendii), in the Southern Great Plains

In karst regions of western Oklahoma and Kansas, Plecotus townsendii is locally ubiquitous but low in density. Natality is low but reproductive effort and preweaning survival of young are comparatively high. Movement data show no consistent pattern of dispersal that would account for a low density. P. townsendii uses nursery roosts that are marginal or uninhabitable for locally sympatric cave-dwelling species. Reproductive success depends on the ability of individuals in small nursery colonies to maintain a high degree of thermal exchange during pregnancy and lactation. This is facilitated by the formation of dense clusters in which metabolic heat is shared directly by body contact. In our judgment, the selection of intrinsically warm nursery sites is essential for reproductive success. In early and late winter most P. townsendii are absent from caves; presumably they occupy alternate roosts and forage on warm evenings. These bats seem to require relatively cold temperatures to hibernate. In autumn and early winter some individuals hibernate singly near cave entrances where ambient temperatures are variable but cool cave rock stabilizes body temperatures. By midwinter, these sites reach subfreezing temperatures and many bats move deep into caves, where they may form clusters. Both sexes lose over half their body weight before spring. Owing to this large weight loss, susceptibility to predation in midwinter, and probable late winter foraging efforts, we suspect substantial winter mortality as the prevailing limiting factor. The relictual nature of populations in the southern plains is made comprehensible by the species' reproductive, dispersal, and hibernating performance. From this ecological performance we infer that P. townsendii occurred across the southern United States during the Wisconsin glaciation, when numerous trees grew on the southern plains and the climate was moist with short, cool summers and long, mild winters. The present isolated taxa use caves as refugia from intolerable post-Pleistocene winters. The small size of P. townsendii populations, rather severe ecological limitations, and high sensitivity to disturbance lead us to conclude that visitation of nurseries by humans could threaten the species' survival in the Great Plains.
Plausible Concepts Necessary and Sufficient for Interpretation of Ceramic Grain‐Boundary Phenomena: II, Solute Segregation, Grain‐Boundary Diffusion, and General Discussion*

Solute segregation and phase separation at and near grain boundaries are analyzed in terms of possible modes of compositional variation and applicable driving forces, several of which are of practical importance. The importance of compositional variations, including both equilibrium and transient phenomena, and a range of “grain-boundary widths” is discussed as related to grain-boundary diffusion and to the current status of grain-boundary concepts.
Stressors in Multiple Life-Domains and the Risk for Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors Among African Americans During Emerging Adulthood

Behavioral and mental health outcomes have been associated with experiencing high levels of stress. Yet, little is known about the link between the nature of stressors, their accumulation over time, and the risk for externalizing and internalizing outcomes. Compared to the general population, African Americans are exposed to a disproportionate number of stressors beginning earlier in life. Incorporating Agnew’s General Strain Theory into the study of stress, this study examined whether different kinds of stressors are equally salient in the risk for violent behaviors and depressive symptoms among African Americans transitioning into young adulthood. It further examined the effects of the accumulation of stressors in different life domains and their effect on risks. This study utilized data from an African American subsample of an ongoing longitudinal study that followed 604 adolescents (53 % females) from 9th grade into adulthood. Multilevel growth curve models were used to examine how changes in stressors across multiple life domains related to violent behaviors and depressive symptoms. We found that continued exposure to perceived daily stress and racial discrimination stress increased the risk for violent behaviors during young adulthood, and exhibited a nonlinear relationship between the accumulation of stressors and risk for violence. Moreover, we found that exposure to perceived daily stress, financial stress, neighborhood stress, and racial discrimination stress increased the risk of depressive symptoms and led to a linear relationship between the accumulation of stressors and risk for depressive symptoms. Findings suggest identifiable stressors that can persist over time to influence risks at young adulthood.
The search for crustal resources: MAGSAT and beyond

In the decade since global satellite magnetic field data have been available from MAGSAT, notable progress has been made in processing these data for purposes of mapping crustal anomalies. Several regional magnetic anomaly maps compiled using these new techniques (e.g. Kursk region, U.S.S.R.; central Africa; Kiruna, Sweden; and the U.S.A. midcontinent) provide insight into the nature and tectonic evolution of the crust that contribute to conceptual crustal models useful in regional resource exploration. A recent mail survey of geopotential-field specialists involved in resource exploration indicates interest in MAGSAT data and future satellite missions with improved resolution. It is apparent that magnetic anomalies derived from satellite observations can aid in the search for crustal resources.
Complication Rates for Percutaneous Lower Extremity Arterial Antegrade Access

Hypothesis The antegrade access (AA) for percutaneous arterial interventions is associated with a higher complication rate than is the retrograde access (RA). Design Retrospective case review. Setting A statewide consortium for peripheral vascular interventions consisting of 13 Michigan hospitals collecting data on their endovascular procedures. Patients Demographic and procedure data on all patients receiving a percutaneous peripheral arterial intervention were entered prospectively by a full-time clinical nurse specialist in each hospital site. Main Outcome Measures We evaluated vascular complications as a composite of retroperitoneal hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, hematoma requiring blood transfusion, arteriovenous fistula, acute thrombosis, or the need for surgical repair of the access site. Results In a 2-year period, we collected 6343 cases, of which 5918 had complete data regarding arterial access; of these, 745 (12.6%) were performed via an AA. There were fewer women and smokers ( P P P P P P Conclusion Endovascular procedures performed via an AA are more likely to result in perioperative complications and therefore should be used cautiously.
Current status of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acquired aplastic anemia

Bone marrow transplantation is an effective therapy for aplastic anemia. Infusion of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells after high-dose immune suppression restores normal hematopoiesis in most patients and long-term follow-up has confirmed the durability of donor hematopoiesis. However, success of this approach is limited by transplant-related complications, such as graft failure, graft-versus-host disease, and various organ toxicities. Long-term survival rates range from less than 40% to more than 90% in reported series. These rates have improved over the past 20 years due to significant reductions in graft-versus-host disease, interstitial pneumonitis, and early transplant-related mortality. Most long-term survivors have excellent performance status. Late effects such as cataracts, thyroid disorders, joint problems, and therapy-related cancers are observed, especially in patients who received radiation for pretransplant conditioning. Results are best in young patients transplanted with bone marrow from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling; early transplantation is appropriate in this group. For older patients or those without an HLA-identical related donor, transplants are better reserved for those who fail to respond to immunosuppressive therapy.
Lattice Thermal Conductivity

Consideration of the anharmonic properties of a linear chain suggests that the dimensionless quantity $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\gamma}T$ is in general a measure of the anharmonicity of a lattice ($\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is the thermal expansion coefficient and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ the Gr\"uneisen parameter). It is therefore proposed that the mean free path for lattice vibrations in an insulator should, in the classical temperature region, be approximately $\frac{{A}_{0}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\gamma}T}$, where ${A}_{0}$ is the lattice spacing. Reasonably good agreement with experiment is found.
Effect of long-term stress and temperature exposure on the fracture toughness of Ti-62222 alloy

Abstract Fracture toughness tests were conducted on a Ti-62222 (titanium alloy) sheet being considered for use in high temperature aircraft applications in the as received condition and after exposing the pre-cracked specimens to a sustained stress intensity, K, level between 55 and 60.5 MPa m for 200 h at 350°C. It was concluded that the fracture toughness does not degrade as a result of exposure to high temperature and the K levels in this material. The tensile strength in the exposed condition also remained the same as in the as received condition.
Atherosclerosis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Sharing a Common Pathogenic Pathway?

To the Editor: The paper by Urbich et al1 suggests that the CD40 pathway is involved in the vascular restenotic process. The immune-inflammatory reaction plays a critical role in atherosclerosis. In particular, the ligand for CD40 (CD40L) is involved in inflammation, thrombosis, and restenosis during progression of atherosclerosis, as discussed by Andre’ et al.2 Because of our interest in the role of …
CCR 20th Anniversary commentary: stayin' alive-antiapoptotic proteins and breast cancer.

The control of cell death involves a complex interaction of multiple proteins. In a study published in the January 1, 2000, issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Tanaka and colleagues demonstrated that one of the proapoptotic proteins, survivin , was frequently expressed in breast cancer. In the subsequent years, effectors of apoptosis have translated into important prognostic indicators and potential therapeutic targets. Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 665–6. ©2015 AACR . See related article by Tanaka et al., Clin Cancer Res 2000;6(1) January 2000;127–34
Deterministic inventory models incorporating marketing decisions

Abstract This paper investigates a finite replenishment inventory model in which the demand of an item is a deterministic function of price and advertising expenditures. The formulated models also incorporate learning effects and the possibility of defective items in the production process. A general solution methodology is developed to determine the optimal lot size, price mark-up, and advertising expenditure simultaneously. This method utilizes separable programming resulting in an effective computer technique to find the global optimal solution. Closed-form solutions are found for special cases.
Measurement of basilar membrane motion in the turtle with laser-feedback interferometry

In mammalian hearing, the frequency-dependent spatial pattern of movement in the basilar membrane (BM) forms the basis of frequency discrimination (tuning). This is not necessarily the case in lower vertebrates; the turtle, for example, has an electrical resonance mechanism in its auditory receptor cells that varies in best frequency from cell-to-cell along the underlying BM. But how much, if any, of the frequency separation by this reptile is done mechanically by its BM? In other animals, vibrational analyses were indirect in that they required the placement of nonphysiological objects on the BM (e.g., the radioactive source of the Mossbaurer technique or the mirror of traditional laser interferometry). Our attempt to find an alternative approach led to the rediscovery of laser-feedback interferometry (LFI), here applied for the first time to vibration analysis in a biological system. LFI is an ideal method to directly measure the nanometer motion (amplitude and phase) of diffuse scattering surfaces such as the BM because of its simple geometry, ease of alignment, and its ability to respond to surfaces with a broad range of reflectances (10-6 to 1). Preliminary LFI investigations of BM motion in the turtle reveal that its BM is broadly tuned and mainly reflects middle ear filter characteristics. No evidence for frequency-selective spatial BM mechanical tuning was found.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Assessment of growth and development during infancy and early childhood.

A prime function of the pediatrician is to monitor the developmental status of his or her patients. Sensitive monitoring demands a broad knowledge of developmental processes and issues and the ability to assess the data made available from the clinical examination accurately and efficiently. Areas of Developmental Assessment Developmental assessment is made in four broad areas during early childhood: physical or physiologic, neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and psychosocial. PHYSICAL OR PHYSIOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT This area comprises the changes in physical size, shape, and function that come with age. Many of these changes can be measured, such as height, weight, skinfold thickness, head circumference, body surface area, blood counts, enzyme activities, and hormone levels. These measurements can be compared with standard values that indicate the range of normal findings. NEURODEVELOPMENTAL MATURATION This area comprises changes in behavior that evolve with the passage of time, particularly those changes that depend primarily upon maturation. They include some reflex activities and many gross and fine motor skills, including visuomotor and other intersensory functions. These behaviors are assessed primarily by observation, often informally, but sometimes (when more critical appraisal is required) in a carefully structured setting. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Cognitive development and neurodevelopmental maturation are closely related, and it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between them in the infant and young child.
Why We Will Not Be Posthuman: Gadgets as a Technocultural Form

This essay examines the use of consumer electronics as an epistemology of human memory and experienced mental states in the 2003 film Paycheck , an adaptation of Philip K. Dick’s 1952 short story of the same name, as well as other popular media. Informed by my research in the history of the constitutive metaphors of cognitive science in the twentieth century, I conclude from cinematographic analysis that consumer electronics provide the metaphorical framework through which we often understand and represent human memory and cognition. Although brains are seen as similar to computers, the logic of the film insulates liberal human subjectivity from posthuman implications. By invoking electronic gadgets, the film not only produces Cartesian and consumerist separation between brain/hardware and mind/user, but it also begins a broader conversation about gadgets and American popular culture; gadgets are an enduring metaphorical configuration of humans and technology in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Further studies of qualitative changes in RNA transcription in brains of female rats given testosterone soon after birth.

Abstract 1. 1. RNA of forebrains of neonatally testosteronized female rats, female control rats and male rats was compared at the age of 47 days and 3 months by means of the DNA-RNA hybridization and by determination of the base ratios. 2. 2. The DNA-RNA hybridization showed no difference between the compared groups. 3. 3. Base ratio analysis revealed small but consistent differences between RNA from males vs normal females and testosteronized females vs normal females.
Reactivity of a 2‘-Thio Nucleotide Analog

The chemical reactivity of ribonucleotide analog 2‘-deoxy-2‘-thiouridine 3‘-(p-nitrophenyl phosphate) (1), in which the 2‘ hydroxyl is replaced with a 2‘-thiol group, has been characterized. The major reaction pathway for 1, as monitored by 31P NMR spectroscopy, is transphosphorylation to afford 2‘,3‘-cyclic phosphorothioate 3, followed by hydrolysis of 3 to produce 2‘-deoxy-2‘-thiouridine 2‘-phosphorothioate (4). Thus, the reaction pathway of 1 is similar to that of the hydrolysis of ribonucleotides, yet there are significant differences. The pH−rate profile for transphosphorylation of 1 was determined by monitoring the formation of p-nitrophenol or p-nitrophenolate by UV−visible spectroscopy. Analysis of the profile reveals the attacking nucleophile to be thiolate, and the pKa of the 2‘-thiol was determined to be 8.3 ± 0.1. At pH 7.4, the thiol-containing ribonucleotide analog 1 is hydrolyzed at an observed rate 27-fold slower than its 2‘-hydroxyl counterpart. These results indicate that the rate of thi...
Translational Effectiveness in Practice-Based Patient-Centered Outcomes Research

In concluding this book, which was focused on the examination of the research process and practical clinical application of the novel science of translational effectiveness, this present chapter emphasizes the need and necessity for patient-centered, effectiveness-focused, and evidence-based health care globally in the coming decades. The chapter briefly reiterates some of the most fundamental concepts elaborated throughout the chapters of the book. It stresses that the purpose of a comparative effectiveness review is to add to our knowledge about how to enhance (multiple) outcomes of a health-care intervention, and the effective processes of teaching and learning, and in general terms health literacy through dissemination. Research synthesis in practice-based research may as well generate a comparative definitional review, which seeks to uncover a consensus definition for a construct in health-care intervention that is presently not widely accepted. A research synthesis protocol may also be used to generate a “best-case” or “scoping” review, which serves to explore the bibliome. Best-case scoping systematic reviews are often a preliminary part of a definitional and of a comparative effectiveness review and serves to refine search strategies, protocols, methodologies, and inferences. The chapter reiterates and discusses the structure and pursuits of practice-based research networks, with emphasis on realistically deliverable practice-based research outcomes and practice-based research designs, such as the cluster clinical trial. Taken together, the elements in this book and specifically the issues discussed in this chapter yield a program of clinical practice-centered, patient-centered, effectiveness-focused, and evidence-based global research agenda for the next decades that stresses the involvement and empowerment of the patients and all stakeholders through increased health literacy and participation in health-care decisions.
Panel Description: Towards New Roles and System Architecture Supporting the Full Life Cycle of Smart Spaces

Summary form only given. A complete record of the panel discussion was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. The expert panelists will present their views and experiences covering questions including, 1. What are the new individual roles engaged in building and maintaining pervasive spaces, and how are they inter-related? What are the boundaries of responsibilities for each role? 2. Developing and deploying a pervasive space is a multi-disciplined process where knowledge from various domains intersects. How can individual roles efficiently contribute their expertise and smoothly integrate their work to create a pervasive space? 3. How does system design and architecture enable effective decoupling of these roles? 4. Who has the business incentives to invest in the standards, open source, and product implementations that support the new roles and system architectures needed to support the full life cycle of pervasive spaces?
A new testing method for EEPLA

A testing method for EEPLA's is presented. The method requires small amount of extra hardware and provides complete fault coverage. This method exploits the fact that each crosspoint can be reprogrammed in EEPLA. To our knowledge, this is the first algorithmic test method applicable to EEPLA's. In the proposed approach, all single and multiple crosspoint faults, stuck-at faults, and bridging faults are detectable. The test set is simple and is easy to derive. >
Product Evolution: A Reverse Engineering and Redesign Methodology

New products drive business. To remain compe- titive, industry is continually searching for new methods to evolve their products. To address this need, we introduce a new reverse engineering and redesign methodology. We start by formulating the customer needs, followed by reverse engineering, creating a functional model through teardowns. The functional model leads to specifications that match the customer needs. Depending upon required redesign scope, new features are possibly conceived, or not. Next, models of the specifications are developed and optimized. The new product form is then built and further optimized using designed experiments. An electric wok redesign provides an illustration. The methodology has had a positive impact on results by using a systematic approach, both within design education and industrial applications.
Functional MRI at 1.5 tesla: A comparison of the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal and electrophysiology

How well does the functional MRI (fMRI) signal reflect underlying electrophysiology? Despite the ubiquity of the technique, this question has yet to be adequately answered. Therefore, we have compared cortical maps generated based on the indirect blood oxygenation level-dependent signal of fMRI with maps from microelectrode recording techniques, which directly measure neural activity. Identical somatosensory stimuli were used in both sets of experiments in the same anesthetized macaque monkeys. Our results demonstrate that fMRI can be used to determine the topographic organization of cortical fields with 55% concordance to electrophysiological maps. The variance in the location of fMRI activation was greatest in the plane perpendicular to local vessels. An appreciation of the limitations of fMRI improves our ability to use it effectively to study cortical organization.
Cloning, sequence and overexpression of NADH peroxidase from Streptococcus faecalis 10C1. Structural relationship with the flavoprotein disulfide reductases.

Abstract DNA fragments encoding streptococcal NADH peroxidase (NPXase) have been amplified, cloned and sequenced from the genome of Streptococcus (Enterococcus) faecalis 10C1 (ATCC 11700). The NPXase gene ( npr ) comprises 1341 base-pairs and is preceded by a typical ribosome binding site. Upstream from the structural gene, putative −10 and −35 promoter regions have been identified, as has a possible factor-independent terminator that occurs in 3′-flanking sequences. The deduced relative molecular mass ( M r = 49,551), amino acid composition and isoelectric point of NPXase are in good agreement with previous values obtained with the purified enzyme. In addition, three sequenced peptides totaling approximately 20% of the protein were located in the npr gene product. From the sequencing data the deduced NPXase sequence shares low but significant homology with the flavoprotein disulfide reductase class of enzymes ranging from 21% for glutathione reductase (GRase) to 28% for thioredoxin reductase. Alignment of NPXase to Escherichia coli GRase allowed the identification of three previously reported fingerprints for the FAD, NADP + and central domains of GRase, in the peroxidase sequence. In addition, Cys42 of NPXase, which is present as an unusual stabilized cysteine-sulfenic acid in the oxidized enzyme, aligns favorably with the charge-transfer cysteine in E. coli GRase, and both residues closely follow FAD-binding folds found near their respective amino termini. Such sequence characteristics can also be seen in mercuric reductase, lipoamide dehydrogenase and trypanothione reductase, suggesting that all these enzymes may have originally diverged from a common ancestor. Sequences that are on average 50% identical with three previously reported peptides of the related streptococcal NADH oxidase were also identified in the NPXase primary structure, suggesting a strong similarity between these flavoenzymes. Using the E. coli phage T7 expression system the npr gene has now been overexpressed in an E. coli genetic background. The resultant overexpressing clone produced a recombinant NPXase that was catalytically active and immunoreactive to NPXase antisera.
Dominant negative mutants: tools for the study of protein function in vitro and in vivo

Powerful new approaches for the identification and sequencing of novel cDNAs have produced a backlog of proteins seeking functions. Traditional approaches for characterizing protein function (e.g., blocking monoclonal antibodies and heterologous expression) have significant limitations, especially in identifying the roles specific proteins play in vivo. An alternative approach is to engineer mutations in the protein of interest that abolish its function and that also inhibit the function of simultaneously expressed wild-type protein (dominant negative mutations). This approach has wide application to the study of a number of different kinds of proteins but tends to be most effective for proteins that need to assemble into multimers to be functional. Dominant negative mutants have already provided insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of a number of protein families, including hormone receptors, oncogenes, and growth factor receptors, and have been identified as the cause of at least a few autosomal dominant diseases. Expression of dominant negative mutants under the control of highly active lung cell-specific promoters holds great promise for the study of the roles specific proteins and protein families play in lung development, health, and disease.
Bolometric detectors for the High Frequency Instrument on Planck

The High Frequency Instrument (HFI) on Planck will obtain all-sky images of the cosmic microwave background and other astrophysical sources of emission with resolution of 9 arcmin at 100 GHz, 7 arcmin at 143 GHz and 5 arcmin at 217, 353, 545 and 857 GHz. The HFI focal plane will contain 48 silicon nitride, micromesh, bolometric detectors operating from a 100 mK heat sink. Four detectors in each of the 6 bands will detect the sum of the power in both linear polarizations. Additionally, four pairs of detectors will provide sensitivity to linear polarization of emission at 143, 217 and 353 GHz. We report on the development of these detectors, which are being produced at the JPL Micro Devices Laboratory, packaged at JPL Electronics Packaging, characterized at 100 mK before delivery to our HFI consortium partners at Cardiff University.
Personality Alterations in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type: A Three-Year Follow-up Study

Alterations in personality accompany the onset and progression of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Longitudinal investigations of these changes using systematic quantifiable documentation have been infrequent. In this 3-year follow-up study, we report longitudinal observations of changes in personality in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Four response patterns were observed: (1) change at onset with little change as the disease continued, (2) ongoing change as the disorder progressed, (3) no change, and (4) regression of previously more disturbed behaviors. Repeated characterizations of the premorbid personality profile as determined by this inventory were found to be reliable. (Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1989; 4:203-207).
Semi-blind time-varying channel estimation using superimposed training

Channel estimation for single-input multiple-output (SIMO) time-varying channels is considered using superimposed training. The time-varying channel is assumed to be described by a complex exponential basis expansion model (CE-BEM). A periodic (non-random) training sequence is arithmetically added (superimposed) at a low power to the information sequence at the transmitter before modulation and transmission. A two-step approach is adopted where, in the first step, we estimate the channel using only the first-order statistics of the data. Using the channel estimate from the first step, a Viterbi detector is used to estimate the information sequence. In the second step, a deterministic maximum likelihood (DML) approach is used to estimate the SIMO channel iteratively and the information sequences sequentially. An illustrative computer simulation example is presented where a frequency-selective channel is randomly generated with different Doppler spreads via Jakes' model.
Inferior mesenteric arteriovenous malformation: an unusual cause of ischemic colitis.

A 59-year-old male presented with a 1-month history of intermittent diarrhea, abdominal pain, and hematochezia. He had a right hemicolectomy for cecal cancer 5 years ago. His radiologic and endoscopic surveillance have been negative. He had no other medical comorbidities. On presentation, he was hemodynamically stable. Laboratory studies were only significant for anemia (hemoglobin 10.2 g/dL) without evidence of thrombocytopenia or bleeding disorders. Stool studies were negative for infectious agents. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography of his abdomen showed bowel wall thickening from the rectum to the descending colon (Fig. 1). Colonoscopy demonstrated erythema and friable mucosa in the same segments. Colon biopsies revealed mucosal edema and prominent capillaries, consistent with a congestive process. A mesenteric angiogram demonstrated an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) arising from the superior rectal artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery (Fig. 2). Following unsuccessful attempts at AVM embolization, the patient underwent a total proctocolectomy with end ileostomy. His recovery was uneventful with no recurrence of hematochezia. Figure 1 Contrast-enhanced CT scan showing marked thickening of the colonic wall (white arrows) Figure 2 Inferior mesenteric arteriogram showing vascular malformation arising from the superior rectal artery (black arrow) Inferior mesenteric AVMs are extremely rare with only 15 published cases in the English literature [1,2]. In a patient with prior abdominal surgery, AVM should be considered as a cause of ischemic colitis in the absence of other etiologies. AVMs can be classified as congenital or iatrogenic, secondary to abdominal trauma or colonic resection, as illustrated in our case [3]. Increased blood flow through an AVM can result in venous hypertension and decreased arterial flow, resulting in ischemia. In this case, the diagnosis of AVM was confirmed by mesenteric angiography. More recently, multidetector computed tomographic angiography has emerged as a safe, non-invasive, alternative vascular imaging for patients with mesenteric ischemia and AVM [2]. If treatment with embolization fails, colectomy may be necessary [1].
Variations on incremental interpretation

The strict competence hypothesis has sparked a small dialogue among several researchers attempting to understand its ramifications for human sentence processing and incremental interpretation in particular. In this paper, we review the dialogue, reconstructing the arguments in an attempt to make them more uniform and crisp, and provide our own analyses of certain of the issues that arise. We argue that strict competence, because it requires a synchronous computation mechanism, may actually lead to more complex, rather than simpler, models of incremental interpretation. Asynchronous computation, which is arguably both psychologically more plausible and conceptually more basic, allows for incremental interpretation to fall out naturally, without additional machinery for interpreting partial constituents. We show that this is true regardless of whether the presumed interpretation mechanism is top-down or bottom-up, contra previous conclusions in the literature, and propose a particular implementation of some of these ideas using a novel representation based on tree-adjoining grammars.
Progesterone modulation of gonadotropin secretion by dispersed rat pituitary cells in culture. IV. Follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis and release

Summary Estradiol-treated, rat pituitary cells were studied to examine the effects of progesterone (P) on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis and secretion. Progesterone was administered prior to or concurrent with 3 h secretory challenges with either gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the iontophore A23187, the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12,13-myristate (PMA), or no secretagogue. Medium FSH levels and cell FSH stores were quantified by radioimmunoassay and bioassay. Acute ( < 6 h) exposures to P increased medium levels of immunoreactive and bioactive FSH following GnRH challenge without influencing total (cell + medium) values whereas chronic (9-24 h) treatments increased both parameters. Chronic P elevated total FSH levels even when no secretagogue was present. Studies with antiprogestins, Sa-dihydroprogesterone and Sa-reductase inhibitors revealed that this direct action of P depended on progestin receptor occupation but not on 5c-u-reduction. These studies indicate that P selectively increases bioactive and immunoactive FSH levels, presumably by increasing FSH synthesis, and characterize the time course and cellular mechanisms of this response. To accommodate for P modulation of total FSH levels, FSH secretion was standardized as the percentage of cellular stores available for release. Progesterone modulation of GnRH-stimulated FSH secretion was multiphasic, i.e. increased at O-6 h, unchanged at 9 h and suppressed at 24 h. Acute and chronic exposures to P similarly modulated A23187-stimulated FSH release, whereas both P treatments increased PMA-stimulated FSH secretion. In these experiments P modulated luteinizing hormone secretion in parallel fashion, suggesting that common cellular mechanisms underlie peptidergic and steroidal regulation of the secretion of both gonadotropins.
SHORT COMMUNICATION On Flame Propagation Through Periodic Flow Fields

Abstract Flame propagation through a periodic system or time independent eddies is studied. It is shown that at sufficiently low amplitudes of the velocity spatial variation, the effective speed of a passive flame has a global dependence on the underlying flow. However, at high amplitudes, the effective flame speed is determined by the local features of the flow. Simultaneously, the shape of the flame undergoes a transition from a smooth configuration to a cusped one.
Berkeley Supernova Ia Program – V. Late-time spectra of Type Ia Supernovae

In this work we analyse late-time (t > 100 d) optical spectra of low-redshift (z 20 px^-1 and are older than 160 d past maximum brightness. The velocities of all three features are seen to be relatively constant with time, increasing only a few to ~20 km/s/d. The nebular velocity (v_neb, calculated by taking the average of the [Fe II] {\lambda}7155 and [Ni II] {\lambda}7378 velocities) is correlated with the near-maximum-brightness velocity gradient and early-time ejecta velocity. Nearly all high velocity gradient objects have redshifted nebular lines while most low velocity gradient objects have blueshifted nebular lines. No correlation is found between v_neb and {\Delta}m_15(B), and for a given light-curve shape there is a large range of observed nebular velocities. The data also indicate a correlation between observed (B-V)_max and v_neb.
Statistics-driven workload modeling for the Cloud

A recent trend for data-intensive computations is to use pay-as-you-go execution environments that scale transparently to the user. However, providers of such environments must tackle the challenge of configuring their system to provide maximal performance while minimizing the cost of resources used. In this paper, we use statistical models to predict resource requirements for Cloud computing applications. Such a prediction framework can guide system design and deployment decisions such as scale, scheduling, and capacity. In addition, we present initial design of a workload generator that can be used to evaluate alternative configurations without the overhead of reproducing a real workload. This paper focuses on statistical modeling and its application to data-intensive workloads.
Factors Influencing the Viscosity of Cream and Ice Cream

Summary An effort was made to discover whether or not the increase in viscosity of cream during aging could be attributed to an increase in the size of the clumps of fat globules. Samples of pasteurized and homogenized cream were collected and the viscosity taken every twenty-four hours, and at the same time a microscopic examination of the fat globules was made. In three of the trials the viscosity increased during aging, in two it decreased and in the remaining one it was lower at the end of twenty-four hours and forty-eight hours but was slightly higher after seventy-two hours than when fresh. The appearance of the clumps of fat globules seemed to bear a fairly definite relation to the viscosities, in that in those experiments where the viscosity increased, the size of the clusters apparently increased also, while in the trials where no increase was encountered the clumps showed no indication of becoming larger during the holding period. The influence of agitation on the viscosity and the size of the clumps of fat globules was studied by collecting samples of the aged cream, the same cream after the sugar, gelatine, and vanilla had been stirred in and of the mix after two, four, six, eight, and ten minutes agitation in the freezer. These samples were then examined under the microscope and viscosity determinations made. From the results obtained it is evident that agitation causes a marked reduction in the viscosity and that there is a corresponding reduction in the size of the cluster of fat globules.
Translating Effects of Inbreeding Depression on Component Vital Rates to Overall Population Growth in Endangered Bighorn Sheep

Evidence of inbreeding depression is commonly detected from the fitness traits of animals, yet its effects on population growth rates of endangered species are rarely assessed. We examined whether in- breeding depression was affecting Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae), a subspecies listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Our objectives were to characterize genetic variation in this subspecies; test whether inbreeding depression affects bighorn sheep vital rates (adult survival and female fecundity); evaluate whether inbreeding depression may limit subspecies recovery; and examine the potential for genetic management to increase population growth rates. Genetic variation in 4 populations of Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep was among the lowest reported for any wild bighorn sheep population, and our results suggest that inbreeding depression has reduced adult female fecundity. Despite this population sizes and growth rates predicted from matrix-based projection models demonstrated that inbreeding depres- sion would not substantially inhibit the recovery of Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep populations in the next approximately 8 bighorn sheep generations (48 years). Furthermore, simulations of genetic rescue within the subspecies did not suggest that such activities would appreciably increase population sizes or growth rates during the period we modeled (10 bighorn sheep generations, 60 years). Only simulations that augmented the Mono Basin population with genetic variation from other subspecies, which is not currently a management option, predicted significant increases in population size. Although we recommend that recovery activities should minimize future losses of genetic variation, genetic effects within these endangered populations—either negative (inbreeding depression) or positive (within subspecies genetic rescue)—appear unlikely to dramat- ically compromise or stimulate short-term conservation efforts. The distinction between detecting the effects of inbreeding depression on a component vital rate (e.g., fecundity) and the effects of inbreeding depression on population growth underscores the importance of quantifying inbreeding costs relative to population dynamics to effectively manage endangered populations.
miR Deregulation in CLL

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent human leukemia and it occurs in two forms, indolent and aggressive. Although clinical features and genetic abnormalities in CLL are well documented, molecular details underlying the disease are still under investigation.MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs involved in a variety of cellular processes and expressed in a tissue-specific manner. MicroRNAs have the ability to regulate gene expression. In physiological conditions, microRNAs act as gene expression controllers by targeting the mRNA or inhibiting its translation. Their deregulation can lead to an alteration of the expression level of many genes which can induce the development or promote the progression of tumors.In CLL, microRNAs can function as oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and/or can be used as markers for disease onset/progression. For example, in indolent CLL, 13q14 deletions targeting miR-15/16 initiate the disease, while in aggressive CLL miR-181 targets the critical TCL1 oncogene and can also be used as a progression marker.Here we discuss the foremost findings about the role of microRNAs in CLL pathogenesis, and how this knowledge can be used to identify new approaches to treat CLL.
Latency-Information Theory: A Novel Latency Theory Revealed as Time Dual of Information Theory

This paper outlines a space-time duality study started in 2003 and leading to a latency-information theory (LIT) that unifies information theory with a novel latency theory revealed as time-dual. While information theory guides the design of communication systems, latency theory does the same for recognition systems. A unified recognition-communication system is an intelligence system and LIT illuminates its design. LIT naturally arose from the author's desire to systematically address the design of a real-world intelligence system for DARPA's knowledge-aided sensor signal processing expert reasoning (KASSPER) program. This work has led to practical intelligence system solutions that yield outstanding target detections under severely taxing environments, while also exhibiting several orders of magnitude savings in prior-knowledge storage-space, processing-time, and implementation complexity over standard schemes. Moreover, it has led to the discovery of a mathematical-physical duality guiding life system designs.