cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Performance of CT-Guided Bone Biopsies in Patients with Suspected Osteomyelitis of the Appendicular and Axial Skeleton with a Focus on Clinical and Technical Factors Associated with Positive Microbiology Culture Results.

Abstract Purpose To assess diagnostic performance of CT-guided percutaneous needle bone biopsy (CTNBB) in patients with suspected osteomyelitis and analyze whether certain clinical or technical factors were associated with positive microbiology results. Materials and Methods All CTNBBs performed in a single center for suspected osteomyelitis of the appendicular and axial skeleton during 2003–2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Specific inclusion criteria were clinical and radiologic suspicion of osteomyelitis. Standard of reference was defined using outcome of surgical histopathology and microbiology culture and clinical and imaging follow-up. Technical and clinical data (needle size, comorbidities, clinical factors, laboratory values, blood cultures) were collected. Logistic regression was performed to assess associations between technical and clinical data and microbiology biopsy outcome. Results A total of 142 CTNBBs were included (46.5% female patients; age ± SD 46.10 y ± 22.8), 72 (50.7%) from the appendicular skeleton and 70 (49.3%) from the axial skeleton. CTNBB showed a sensitivity of 42.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.0%–53.6%) in isolating the causative pathogen. A higher rate of positive microbiology results was found in patients with intravenous drug use (odds ratio [OR] = 5.15; 95% CI, 1.2–21.0; P = .022) and elevated white blood cell count ≥ 10 × 109/L (OR = 3.9; 95% CI, 1.62–9.53; P = .002). Fever (≥ 38°C) was another clinical factor associated with positive microbiology results (OR = 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3–9.6; P = .011). Conclusions CTNBB had a low sensitivity of 42.5% for isolating the causative pathogen. Rate of positive microbiology samples was significantly higher in patients with IV drug use, elevated white blood cell count, and fever.
Dielectrophoresis of air

Dielectrophoresis describes neutral particles moving in non-uniform electric fields. We experimentally observe the dielectrophoresis of gas generated by macroscopic electrodes and show that this effect can be large enough to generate audible sound. The observed sound agrees with a multiscale model of dielectrophoresis of gas. The compositional dependence of this effect is shown through experiments on mixtures of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, as well as volatile molecules in air.
In situ synchrotron X-ray tomography of 304 stainless steels undergoing chlorine-induced stress corrosion cracking

Abstract To understand the mechanisms behind chlorine-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) in 304 stainless steel, synchrotron high energy x-rays were used to perform in-situ x-ray microtomography on a pre-cracked sample under load in a corrosive simulated marine environment. The tomography scans showed the crack morphology evolving into a branching crack around the surface of the sample. Finite element analysis and stress intensity analysis are conducted to explain the observed crack branching.
Modeling Schools’ Capacity for Lasting Change: A Causal Loop and Simulation-Based Approach

Improving the K-12 education system in the USA is one of the wicked problems of the twenty-first century. For all the discussion around STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), “Every Student Succeeds,” and other countless initiatives and interventions, it seems reasonable to ask—why are K-12 school systems still starved for lasting, meaningful change? While education researchers and evaluators have certainly brought rigor to understanding intervention impacts and outcomes on a student and teacher level, these studies often do not directly account for the social science-based context that surrounds interventions. In this paper, we present an approach for modeling school settings using causal loop diagrams and accompanying stochastic simulations to better understand schools’ capacity for intervention. We present initial evidence to support the claim that the modeling process and the resultant models can aid in the design of quality, school-compatible interventions by improving understanding of the ecosystems in which educational interventions operate. This work attempts to shine light on the relationship between a K-12 school environment and an intervention, paying respect to the fact that the two cannot be cleanly decoupled. We also present a framework that can be adopted by other intervention teams in the future to better understand the settings in which they are operating.
The Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1): An Ally of M. tuberculosis in Host Cells

The serine/threonine protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved member of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinase family. It is the key component of two distinct multi-subunit complexes called mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Besides mTOR, the catalytic subunit, the two complexes share two additional subunits: the mammalian lethal with Sec13 protein 8 (mLST8, also known as GβL), which stabilizes mTOR, and the DEP-domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (Deptor), which inhibits mTOR. Moreover, mTORC1 is characterized by the presence of the regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (Raptor, also known as RPTOR), which is involved in mTORC1 localization and substrate recruitment, and the proline-rich AKT substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40, also known as AKT1S1), an insulin-responsive mTORC1 inhibitor. mTORC2 contains mSIN1, Protor, and the rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (Rictor), a protein that may have analogous function to Raptor. Among the most recent reviews on the structure and function of the two complexes, the reader is referred to [1]. The primary functions of mTORC1 and mTORC2 are distinct: mTORC1 controls cell growth, while mTORC2 controls cell survival and proliferation [2]. Here, we focus on mTORC1, which has been studied in the context of tuberculosis pathogenesis.
Who Aren’t We Reaching? Young Sexual Minority Men’s Non-participation in an HIV-Prevention and Mental Health Clinical Trial

Despite many successful clinical trials to test HIV-prevention interventions for sexual minority men (SMM), not all SMM are reached by these trials. Identifying factors associated with non-participation in these trials could help to ensure the benefits of research extend to all SMM. Prospective participants in New York City and Miami were screened to determine eligibility for a baseline assessment for a mental health/HIV-prevention trial (N = 633 eligible on screen). Logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis identified predictors of non-participation in the baseline, among those who were screened as eligible and invited to participate. Individuals who reported unknown HIV status were more likely to be non-participators than those who reported being HIV-negative (OR = 2.39; 95% CI 1.41, 4.04). In New York City, Latinx SMM were more likely to be non-participators than non-Latinx white SMM (OR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.09, 2.98). A CART model pruned two predictors of non-participation: knowledge of HIV status and age, such that SMM with unknown HIV status and SMM ages 18–19 were less likely to participate. Young SMM who did not know their HIV status, and thus are more likely to acquire and transmit HIV, were less likely to participate. Additionally, younger SMM (18–19 years) and Latinx SMM in New York City were less likely to participate. The findings suggest the importance of tailored recruitment to ensure HIV-prevention/mental health trials reach all SMM.
3D Hexagonal Arrangement of DNA Tensegrity Triangles.

The tensegrity triangle motif utilizes Watson-Crick sticky end cohesion to self-assemble into a rhombohedral crystal lattice using complementary 5'-GA and 5'-TC sticky ends. Here, we report that using noncanonical 5'-AG and 5'-TC sticky ends in otherwise isomorphic tensegrity triangles results in crystal self-assembly in the P63 hexagonal space group as revealed by X-ray crystallography. In this structure, the DNA double helices bend at the crossover positions, a feature that was not observed in the original design. Instead of propagating linearly, the tilt between base pairs of each right-handed helix results in a left-handed superstructure along the screw axis, forming a microtubule-like structure composed of three double helices with an unbroken channel at the center. This hexagonal lattice has a cavity diameter of 11 nm and a unit cell volume of 886 000 A3-far larger than the rhombohedral counterpart (5 nm, 330 000 A3).
Severe hypertransaminasemia during mild SARS-CoV-2 infection: A pediatric case report and literature review

Introduction: Liver injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection has a multifactorial pathogenesis and it is frequent in pediatric cases. Case presentation: We report a case with severe hypertransaminasemia associated with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion: This highlights the potential need of hepatic function evaluation during acute illness and follow-up even in non-critically ill children with COVID-19.
The Value of Coordination in Sophisticated Cost Systems

We examine how the demand for inter-departmental coordination changes as the firm increases the sophistication of its accounting system. In our model, a production department performs cost reduction and manufactures the product, while a marketing department sets prices and sells the final output. We vary the level of sophistication (number of cost pools) and the amount of coordination between departments. We show that as the number of cost pools rises, the firm has greater benefits from coordinating departments via either (a) having marketing forecast (budget for) production's new costs, or (b) integrating the information systems and allowing marketing to directly observe production's new costs. We also show that increasing the number of cost pools increases the profit advantage of integration over budgeting, implying sophistication leads to a greater demand for inter-departmental coordination mechanisms such as cross-functional product teams and enterprise wide systems.
Assessing constitutive activity of extracellular calcium-sensing receptors in vitro and in bone.

Constitutive activity of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been studied in kindreds with the human disorder autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH) and in an animal model called the Nuf mouse. These families generally showed reduced parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and excessive renal calcium (Ca2+) excretion. Soft tissues calcifications in the kidney and basal ganglia are frequent (10–50% of ADH cases), and there is a single report of skeletal abnormalities in a family resulting in short stature and premature osteoarthritis. In the latter, a causative mechanism could not be determined. The phenotype of the Nuf mouse is one of ectopic calcifications and cataracts in addition to biochemical abnormalities (low serum Ca2+ and high serum phosphate concentrations). To better understand the role of CaSRs in the control of osteoblastic function, we generated a transgenic mouse model with constitutively active CaSRs in mature osteoblasts. An analysis of the skeletal phenotype of that mouse indicates that strong signaling by CaSRs in this cell lineage induces alterations in the bone homeostasis reflected in mild osteopenia in male and female mice during growth and in adulthood. These studies indicate that this approach can be readily adapted to assess CaSR actions in other cell systems.
Preparation of Single‐Cell RNA‐Seq Libraries for Next Generation Sequencing

For the past several decades, due to technical limitations, the field of transcriptomics has focused on population-level measurements that can mask significant differences between individual cells. With the advent of single-cell RNA-Seq, it is now possible to profile the responses of individual cells at unprecedented depth and thereby uncover, transcriptome-wide, the heterogeneity that exists within these populations. This unit describes a method that merges several important technologies to produce, in high-throughput, single-cell RNA-Seq libraries. Complementary DNA (cDNA) is made from full-length mRNA transcripts using a reverse transcriptase that has terminal transferase activity. This, when combined with a second "template-switch" primer, allows for cDNAs to be constructed that have two universal priming sequences. Following preamplification from these common sequences, Nextera XT is used to prepare a pool of 96 uniquely indexed samples ready for Illumina sequencing.
INTERLACE: An Interoperation and Linking Architecture for Computational Engines

To aid in building high-performance computational environments, INTERLACE offers a framework for linking reusable computational engines in a heterogeneous distributed system. The INTERLACE model provides clients with access to computational servers which interface with "wrapped" computational engines. An API is defined for establishing the server interconnection requirements including data organization and movement, and command invocation. This provides an abstraction layer above the server middleware upon which servers and clients may be constructed. The INTERLACE framework has been demonstrated by building a distributed computational environment with Mat-Lab engines.
Evidence for endonucleolytic cleavages in decay of lacZ and lacI mRNAs.

S1 nuclease mapping revealed lacZ mRNA molecules whose 59 and 39 ends were internal to the transcription start and consistent with cleavages at pyrimidine-adenosine bonds 20 to 50 nucleotides apart. With the net 59-to-39 direction known, lacZ mRNA is probably degraded by sequential cleavages of naked mRNA at vulnerable sites exposed by transit of the last translating ribosome. Images
U1 Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein and Splicing Inhibition by the Rous Sarcoma Virus Negative Regulator of Splicing Element

Retroviruses require both spliced and unspliced RNA for replication. Accumulation of unspliced Rous sarcoma virus RNA is facilitated in part by a negative cis element in the gag region, termed the negative regulator of splicing (NRS), which serves to repress splicing of viral RNA but can also block splicing of heterologous introns. The NRS binds components of the splicing machinery including SR proteins, U1 and U2, small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) of the major splicing pathway, and U11 snRNP of the minor pathway, yet splicing does not normally occur from the NRS. A mutation that abolishes U11 binding (RG11) also abrogates NRS splicing inhibition, indicating that U11 is functionally important for NRS activity and suggesting that the NRS is recognized as a minor-class 5′ splice site (5′ ss). We show here, using specific NRS mutations to disrupt U11 binding and coexpression of U11 snRNA genes harboring compensatory mutations, that the NRS U11 site is functional when paired with a minor-class 3′ ss from the human P120 gene. Surprisingly, the expectation that the same NRS mutants would be defective for splicing inhibition proved false; splicing inhibition was as good as, if not better than, that for the wild-type NRS. Comparison of these new mutations with RG11 indicated that the latter may disrupt binding of a factor(s) other than U11. Our data suggest that this factor is U1 snRNP and that a U1 binding site that overlaps the U11 site is also disrupted by RG11. Analysis of mutations which selectively disrupted U1 or U11 binding indicated that splicing inhibition by the NRS correlates most strongly with U1 snRNP. Additionally, we show that U1 binding is facilitated by SR proteins that bind to the 5′ half of the NRS, confirming an earlier proposal that this region is involved in recruiting snRNPs to the NRS. These data indicate a functional role for U1 in NRS-mediated splicing inhibition.
The optimal site for central venous measurement in newborn infants: A critical comparison of superior versus inferior caval pressures with increasing abdominal distention

Summary The importance of central venous pressure determinations in patient management has been widely recognized. Thus far, however, application of this technique to the field of neonatal surgery has been limited by the small size of the infant. A combined clinical and laboratory investigation of the feasibility of adapting this method to the newborn has been undertaken. A critical comparison of the response of the superior and inferior caval pressures to controlled elevations in intra-abdominal pressure clearly demonstrates the inaccuracy of the inferior caval pressure as a measure of effective central venous filling in the presence of abdominal distention. The importance of cannulating the superior cava in preference to the inferior cava has been demonstrated in both laboratory animals and children.
Method for accurate and efficient signaling analysis of nonlinear circuits

Conventional methods for signaling analysis are based on linear time invariant (LTI) assumptions. In this paper, we develop a method for efficient and accurate signaling analysis of nonlinear circuits. This method retains the nonlinear simulation as it is instead of linearizing the original nonlinear problem or adopting a simplified nonlinear model, thereby ensuring accuracy. Meanwhile, it does not suffer from the drawbacks of the brute-force nonlinear simulation in computational efficiency. Being a generic method for signaling analysis, the method is applicable to all kinds of nonlinearities as well as the LTI systems. Simulations of realistic industry nonlinear circuits have demonstrated the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
A pressure scanning Fabry-Perot magnetometer.

An oscillating magnetic analyzer (KDP crystal plus Glan-Thompson prism) is coupled to an echelle-interferometer spectrograph. The single slit magnetometer by pressure variations can be made to scan the entire profiles of the circularly and linearly polarized Zeeman components. Freon gas is used as the scanner gas with wavelength displacements of 0.02 A per 0.1 in. Hg pressure change at the NaD lines. The available scan range is 15 A in the visual spectral region.
Comb/serpentine/cross-bridge Test Structure For Fabrication Process Evaluation

The comb/serpentine/cross-bridge structure was developed to monitor and evaluate same layer shorts and step coverage problems (open and high-resistance wire over steps) for integrated circuit fabrication processes. The cross-bridge provides local measurements of wire sheet resistance and wirewidth. These local parametric measurements are used in the analysis of the serpentine wire, which identifies step coverage problems. The comb/serpentine/cross-bridge structure was fabricated with 3 microns CMOS/bulk p-well process and tested using a computer-controlled parametric test system.
Nature of flow and turbulence structure around an in-stream vertical plate in a shallow channel and the implications for sediment erosion

[1] Detailed knowledge of the dynamics of large-scale turbulence structures is needed to understand the geomorphodynamic processes around in-stream obstacles present in rivers. Detached Eddy Simulation is used to study the flow past a high-aspect-ratio rectangular cylinder (plate) mounted on a flat-bed relatively shallow channel at a channel Reynolds number of 2.4 × 105. Similar to other flows past surface-mounted bluff bodies, the large amplification of the turbulence inside the horseshoe vortex system is because the core of the main necklace vortex is subject to large-scale bimodal oscillations. The presence of a sharp edge at the flanks of the obstruction fixes the position of the flow separation at all depths and induces the formation and shedding of very strong wake rollers over the whole channel depth. Compared with the case of a circular cylinder where the intensity of the rollers decays significantly in the near-bed region because the incoming flow velocity is not sufficient to force the wake to transition from subcritical to supercritical regime, in the case of a high-aspect-ratio rectangular cylinder the passage of the rollers was found to induce high bed-shear stresses at large distances (6–8 D) behind the obstruction. Also, the nondimensional values of the pressure root-mean-square fluctuations at the bed were found to be about 1 order of magnitude higher than the ones predicted for circular cylinders. Overall, this shows that the shape of the in-stream obstruction can greatly modify the dynamics of the large-scale coherent structures, the nature of their interactions, and ultimately, their capability to entrain and transport sediment particles and the speed at which the scour process evolves during its initial stages.
Spatial distribution of pelagic fish larvae in the northern main basin of Lake Huron

Larval fish occurrence in inshore and offshore zones in the northern main basin of Lake Huron was assessed during 2007 as part of a larger ecological examination of Lake Huron foodwebs and habitats. Day and night collections using neuston and conical nets at inshore (1.5–15 m depths) and offshore (37 and 91 m depths) locations at De Tour and Hammond Bay to assess the abundance, phenology, and spatial distribution of pelagic ichthyoplankton during spring and early summer were made. In general, densities of larval fishes were higher at De Tour than Hammond Bay during daytime neuston net collections, with the exception of Longnose Sucker, which were only collected at Hammond Bay. Lake Whitefish, Burbot, and Rainbow Smelt dominated inshore catches in early spring with Cisco, Deepwater Sculpin, Emerald Shiner, Bloater, Slimy Sculpin, Ninespine Stickleback, and Yellow Perch larvae also collected. Nighttime nearshore and offshore sampling revealed that Rainbow Smelt and Burbot larvae were present in relatively h...
The Assimilation of Immigrants Who Arrived in the United States as Children

Although there has been much research on the effects of national origin, English speaking ability and educational attainment on the assimilation of immigrants, there has been little work on the effect of age of immigration on assimilation. This paper uses 1990 Census (IPUMS) data to assess the effects of age immigration on the relative earnings performance of 30-year-old immigrant men. Earnings regressions are run for three cohorts of immigrants defined by their age of arrival and a decomposition analysis is conducted to explain earnings gaps between each of the three immigrant cohorts and a sample of nonimmigrant men. We find that immigrants that arrive in the US before their tenth birthday have higher earnings and higher rates of return to education compared to immigrants who arrive at older age. Late arrivals, on the other hand, have a substantial earnings disadvantage relative to natives and seem to be more adversely effected by low levels of ethnic capital. We also found that a substantial income gap remained between older immigrants and natives even after estimating what their earnings would have been had they possessed the native human capital characteristics Age of arrival clearly matters and should be a consideration in designing immigration policy.
A keying method for a nested relational database management system

The authors discuss the keying methods that are proposed in the literature and introduce the external keying method which aims to restore the structure of tuples that is lost by unnesting a relation valued attribute in a nested relation. As opposed to the previous keying methods, it does not store the keying information within the relation instance which can be manipulated by relational algebra. Instead, the keying information is kept separately while it is generated, utilized, and manipulated. >
Serum microRNAs explain discordance of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: a prospective study

Objective In the setting where two individuals are genetically similar, epigenetic mechanisms could account for discordance in the presence or absence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study investigated if serum microRNAs (miRs) could explain discordance in NAFLD. Design This is a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study of 40 (n=80) twin-pairs residing in Southern California. All participants underwent a standardised research visit, liver MRI using proton-density fat fraction to quantify fat content and miR profiling of their serum. Results Among the 40 twin-pairs, there were 6 concordant for NAFLD, 28 were concordant for non-NAFLD and 6 were discordant for NAFLD. The prevalence of NAFLD was 22.5% (18/80). Within the six discordant twins, a panel of 10 miRs differentiated the twin with NAFLD from the one without. Two of these miRs, miR-331-3p and miR-30c, were also among the 21 miRs that were different between NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups (for miR-331-3p: 7.644±0.091 vs 8.057±0.071, respectively, p=0.004; for miR-30c: 10.013±0.126 vs 10.418±0.086, respectively, p=0.008). Both miRs were highly heritable (35.9% and 10.7%, respectively) and highly correlated with each other (R=0.90, p=2.2×10−16) suggesting involvement in a common mechanistic pathway. An interactome analysis of these two miRs showed seven common target genes. Conclusions Using a novel human twin-study design, we demonstrate that discordancy in liver fat content between the twins can be explained by miRs, and that they are heritable.
The effects of hot-boned fat type, preblending treatment and storage time on various physical, processing and sensory characteristics of nonspecific luncheon loaves.

Hot-boned and postrigor fat obtained from pork carcasses (with/without preblending treatment) was used in the production of nonspecific luncheon loaves. Processing and sensory characteristics of the luncheon loaves were evaluated. Loaves made from hot-boned fat were observed to produce higher values for percentage cook yield (P<0·05). Whereas, loaves made from cold-boned fat exhibited higher values for fat and moisture released (g and/or ml). Fat and moisture release increased significantly with time in storage for the cold-boned fat. Hunter-color values were not affected by fat type or preblending treatment. Length of storage affected the Hunter-color a∗ (redness) and b∗ (yellowness) values which decreased with time. Sensory evaluation indicated that all treatments were highly acceptable.
The use of a holographic interferometer to measure absorbed energy distributions in water from pulsed electron beams

Abstract An optical holographic interferometer was used to measure the energy deposition as a function of depth in water, as well as the total energy deposited in the water from various intensities of pulsed, monoenergetic electron beams. The energy of the electron beams varied from 1.00 MeV to 2.50 MeV in increments of 0.25 MeV. Data for 1.00, 1.75 and 2.50 MeV are presented. The interferometer and the analytical technique used to reduce the data are described. The measured results are compared to those predicted by ETRAN-15, a Monte Carlo radiation transport code. Reasonable agreement was found between the measured and the computed energy deposition in water as a function of depth of penetration of the electrons. Measured values for the total energy deposited agreed well with those predicted by ETRAN-15 and showed good correlation with the changes in the electron-flux densities. In view of the results of this study, there is no apparent reason why this technique could not be extended to measure the energy deposition of intense pulsed beams of other types of charged particles.
Lee Cyclogenesis. Part II: Numerical Studies

Abstract The effect of topography on the evolution of a disturbance in a baroclinically unstable mean flow is studied using a three-dimensional primitive equation model. A procedure is developed to compare control integrations with no topography with integrations that contain topography. It is found that lee cyclogenesis is caused primarily by the superposition of a growing baroclinic wave with a steady, orographically forced wave of the same scale. Some additional lee growth is found that may be orographically enhanced, or it may be related to certain small problems in the experimental set up. As the disturbances move over the ridge, they are deflected to the north on the upwind side Wore returning to their original latitudes on the lee side. The numerical results in this paper are in general agreement with the authors' previous analytic study.
Height-weight ratios among female athletes: Are collegiate athletics the precursors to an anorexic syndrome?

In a sample of 384 college females enrolled in intramural sports programs from 1977 through 1982, height-weight ratios revealed no evidence of anorexia nervosa inclinations in this group, contrary to what might be expected based on reports of a dramatic increase in anorexia among young women during the time period studied.
Jim Morrison, Friend and Colleague

Our long-time association with Jim Morrison and the work that came from it is the result of a series of fortunate coincidences. We are pleased to be able to share recollections here of our interactions with Jim and how his life and work have influenced us and the field of mass spectrometry.
Efficient Protein Loop Generation using Distance-Guided Sequential Monte Carlo Method

We have developed a new loop construction method through fast sampling with a knowledge-based energy function. Based on a new sequential Monte Carlo sampling strategy called Distance-guided Sequential Monte Carlo (DSMC), our method efficiently generates accurate loop conformations with low energy. The average CPU time cost for sampling 9 residue loops is 22 minutes, with the average smallest global RMSD of 0.7 A for a set of 40 proteins with a total of 40 loops. After refinement and evaluation using simple knowledge-based scoring function, the average RMSD for lowest energy conformations is 1.7A. Geometric method is incorporated in detecting surface confined feasible region, which accelerated the speed for energy calculation by 3 times. Our approach is especially effective in sampling long loops: The average smallest global RMSD for 12 residue loops is 1.7 A and the CPU time cost in average is only 30 minutes.
Very late relapse of acute myeloid leukemia.

Although the vast majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR) relapse within two years, a small proportion have late recurrences. The efficacy of salvage...
On the Construction of Learning Trajectories of Children: The Case of Commensurate Fractions

Learning trajectories are presented of 2 fifth-grade children, Jason and Laura, who participated in the teaching experiment, Children's Construction of the Rational Numbers of Arithmetic. 5 teaching episodes were held with the 2 children, October 15 and November 1, 8, 15, and 22. During the fourth grade, the 2 children demonstrated distinctly different partitioning schemes-the equi-partitioning scheme (Jason) and the simultaneous partitioning scheme (Laura). At the outset of the children's fifth grade, it was hypothesized that the differences in the 2 schemes would be manifest in the children's production of fractions commensurate with a given fraction. During the October 15 teaching episode, Jason independently produced how much 3/4 of 1/4 of a stick was of the whole stick as a novelty, and it was inferred that he engaged in recursive partitioning operations. An analogous inference could not be made for Laura. The primary difference in the 2 children during the teaching episodes was Laura's dependency on...
Preparation of (+)- and (-)-2,3-dibromo-1-propanols

The enantiomers of 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol were obtained by diazotization of the diastereomeric d-tartrate salts of 2,3-dibromopropylamine. The products of the reaction contained approximately 13% of the secondary alcohol 1,3-dibromo-2-propanol which was separated by either column chromatography on silica gel or preparative GLC to obtain the primary alcohols (+)-2,3-dibromo-1-propanol ((..cap alpha..)/sup 26/ /SUB D/ + 13.8/sup 0/) AND (-)-2,3-DIBROMO-1-PROPANOL ((..cap alpha..)/sup 24/ /SUB D/ -12.8/sup 0/). NMR and EI mass spectra of the primary and secondary dibromopropanols clearly distinguished the structural isomers from one another. The optical isomers will be used to examine possible stereoselective differences in mutagenic potency, since 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol is a mutagenic metabolite of the potent mutagen and carcinogen tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate.
Complexes of BrF3 with BF3, PF5 and AsF5

Abstract Fluorine resonance spectra of the complexes between BrF3 and BF3 or AsF5 are interpreted as indicating a non-linear BrF2+ attached by a fluorine bridge to the appropriate fluoroanion. Complexes with two equivalents of BF3, PF5 and AsF5 are also stable at low temperature.
Efficient sampling strategies for relational database operations

Abstract Recently, we have proposed an adaptive, random-sampling algorithm for general query size estimation in databases. In an earlier work we analyzed the asymptotic efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm; in this paper we investigate its practicality as applied to the relational database operations select, project, and join. We extend our previous analysis to provide significantly improved bounds on the amount of sampling necessary for a given level of accuracy. Also, we provide “sanity bounds” to deal with queries for which the underlying data are extremely skewed or the query result is very small. We investigate how the existence of indices can be used to generate more efficient sampling algorithms for the operations of project and join. Finally, we report on the performance of the estimation algorithm, both as implemented in “stand alone” C programs and as implemented in a host language on a commericial relational system.
Fluorescence optical tomography using independent component analysis to detect small targets in turbid media

A new approach for optical fluorescence tomographic imaging of targets in a turbid medium that uses the independent component analysis (ICA) from information theory is presented. Fluorescence signals from targets embedded in a turbid medium are measured on the boundary of the medium using a multi-source excitation and a multi-detector acquisition scheme. Differences between excitation and fluorescence wavelengths enable sensitive, minimal-background signal acquisition. ICA of the fluorescence signal on the medium boundary sorts out the embedded ob-jects, and their locations are obtained from Green’s function analysis based on any appropriate light propagation model. Fluorescence tomographic imaging experiments were carried out using Intralipid-10% suspension in water contained in a 50-mm thick rectangular transparent plastic cell as the turbid medium, and small glass spheres containing indocyanine green (ICG) solution as fluorescent targets. The near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence was excited using 785 nm light, and monitored over a narrow band around 830 nm. The transport mean free paths at 785 nm and 830 nm were 1.01 mm and 1.14 mm, respectively. The approach could image and determine the position of an ICG filled sphere of radius as small as 4 mm. It is applicable to small objects, different medium geometries, and amenable to near real time imaging applications.
Physical and catalytic properties of the isozymes of adenosine deaminase from human red blood cells.

Adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) has been purified from human erythrocytes using a simple chromatographic procedure. Purified enzyme was obtained from individuals who were homozygous for the principal isozyme (ADA 1) as well as from individuals who were heterogyzous for the major variant (ADA 2-1). Although ADA 1 and ADA 2-1 are electrophoretically distinguishable, they have many common physical and catalytic properties. No significant differences between the two isozymic forms were found in measurements of molecular weight, catalytic activity in the presence of various substrates and inhibitors, pH optimum, turnover number, and stability in conditions of both high and low pH. ADA 2-1 was, however, substantially less stable than ADA 1 with respect to thermal denaturation. These studies support the idea that adenosine deaminase activity in erythrocytes is lower in those individuals who possess the variant form of the enzyme.
Not all homeless women are alike: effects of motherhood and the presence of children.

Previous work suggests that the population of homeless women is a heterogenous group, and that motherhood and the presence or absence of children define subgroups that may be distinct. The current study is a systematic study of 300 homeless women (90% of whom were mothers) according to these suggested subgroupings. Mothers whose children were with them, compared to other women, were younger and often unemployed and welfare dependent. Mothers without their children had higher rates of nonsubstance Axis I disorders (48%) and alcoholism (33%), and 72% had a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis. Homeless mothers whose children are not with them represent a deviant subgroup with more personal (and fewer social) vulnerabilities to homelessness and may represent a target population for focus of psychiatric treatment efforts. Mothers with their children may benefit more from increased attention to social services.
Understanding & advancing collaborative scientific knowledge creation

My project is a field study of scientific practice in land change science (LCS). Through observations, interviews and documents, my research investigates the impact and role of the meta-study as a tool of scientific knowledge creation. Data from my study is being used to inform the design and refinement of collaborative cyber-infrastructure for case study researchers to share, compare and synthesize local and regional studies at global scales to be used in meta-analysis.
Damage Control Surgery

The triad of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy during initial operative and resuscitation efforts has been recognized as a significant cause of death in patients with traumatic injuries. A staged surgical approach with a brief initial laparotomy, subsequent intensive care unit resuscitation, and a planned reoperation is an emerging technique used in trauma surgery, with application to a variety of other surgical challenges. Successful damage control therapy requires a coordinated multidisciplinary team effort by a trauma team experienced in the process of damage control operations, intensive care unit priorities, and potential complications of this innovative surgical approach.
Personality variables, neurological and psychopathological symptoms in patients suffering from spasmodic torticollis

Abstract Thirty-two patients, suffering from idiopathic spasmodic torticollis (ST) since 9 ± 8 years, participated. In addition to a rating of the neurological symptoms (posture, reduced motility, rigidity, tremor, spasmodic movements, neck pain) and a psychiatric exploration, as well as two questionnaires on personality variables (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory [MMPI]) and coping styles (Millon Behavioral Health Inventory) were investigated. A control group of patients with Parkinson's disease also filled out both questionnaires. Three patients had another neurological and two another psychiatric disease. MMPI scores, in particular hypochondriasis, depression and hysteria, were highly elevated in approximately 50% of the patients and correlated with the severity of neurological symptoms (i.e., pain). Patients with Parkinson's disease had similar abnormal personality profiles. This resemblance between both patient groups indicates that psychiatric symptoms in ST are nonspecific and represent the consequence of a chronic disabling disease. Since among ST patients no distinct patterns of symptoms, psychiatric or psychological variables were found, no clinically relevant subgroup could be identified.
Advanced SOI CMOS transistor technology for high performance microprocessors

In this paper we present, an overview of partial depleted Silicon on Insulator (PD SOI) CMOS transistor technologies for high performance microprocessors. To achieve a “high performance per watt” figure of merit, transistor technology elements like PD SOI, strained Si, aggressive junction scaling, asymmetric devices need hand-in-hand development with multiple core- and power efficient designs. These techniques have been developed, applied and optimized for 65/45nm volume manufacturing at GLOBALFOUNDRIES in Dresden. To enable further transistor scaling to 32nm design rules, High K Metal Gate (HKMG) technology is key. Different HKMG integrations as well as future strained Si technologies like strained silicon directly bonded on SOI and embedded Si:C are discussed.
Programming languages as operating systems (or revenge of the son of the lisp machine)

The MrEd virtual machine serves both as the implementation platform for the DrScheme programming environment, and as the underlying Scheme engine for executing expressions and programs entered into DrScheme's read-eval-print loop. We describe the key elements of the MrEd virtual machine for building a programming environment, and we step through the implementation of a miniature version of DrScheme in MrEd. More generally, we show how MrEd defines a high-level operating system for graphical programs.
Association studies between type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and 27 genetic markers: Lack of association between type 1 diabetes and kidd blood group

One hundred and three unrelated patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes were typed for HLA, properdin factor B (BF), glyoxalase1 (GLO), Kidd blood group, and 24 other genetic markers. Observed distributions of marker phenotypes among these patients were compared with those expected according to population frequencies, in an attempt to detect associations between Type 1 diabetes and the markers. Strong associations between Type 1 diabetes and both HLA and properdin factor B were confirmed, as was a lack of association between Type 1 diabetes and glyoxalase (GLO). There was an apparent deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at the GLO locus, and statistically significant distortions in the distributions of pancreatic amylase (AMY2), galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT), and groupspecific component (GC) among Type 1 diabetes patients, but these results are not significant when corrected for performance of multiple tests. An increase in the Lewis-negative phenotype reported elsewhere was observed here but was not statistically significant. A distortion in the distribution of Kidd types reported elsewhere was not confirmed.
Evidence That Prolactin Mediates the Stimulatory Effects of Estrogen on Tuberoinfundibular Dopamine Neurons in Female Rats

The effects of ovariectomy and estrogen on prolactin secretion and/or the activity of tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons were examined by either concurrently measuring concentrations of prolac
Aromatic–Aromatic Interactions Enhance Interfiber Contacts for Enzymatic Formation of a Spontaneously Aligned Supramolecular Hydrogel

Anisotropy or alignment is a critical feature of functional soft materials in living organisms, but it remains a challenge for spontaneously generating anisotropic gel materials. Here we report a molecular design that increases intermolecular aromatic–aromatic interactions of hydrogelators during enzymatic hydrogelation for spontaneously forming an anisotropic hydrogel. This process, relying on both aromatic–aromatic interactions and enzyme catalysis, results in spontaneously aligned supramolecular nanofibers as the matrices of a monodomain hydrogel that exhibits significant birefringence. This work, as the first example of monodomain hydrogels formed via an enzymatic reaction, illustrates a new biomimetic approach for generating aligned anisotropic soft materials.
Antagonist molecules in the treatment of angina

Introduction: Management of chronic angina has evolved dramatically in the last few decades with several options for pharmacotherapy outlined in various evidence-based guidelines. Areas covered: There is a growing list of drugs that are currently being investigated for treatment of chronic angina. These also include several herbal medications, which are now being scientifically evaluated as potential alternative or even adjunctive therapy for angina. Gene- and cell-based therapies have opened yet another avenue for management of chronic refractory angina in ‘no-option' patients who are not candidates for either percutaneous or surgical revascularization and are on optimal medical therapy. An extensive review of literature using PUBMED, Cochrane database, clinical trial databases of the USA and European Union was done and summarized in this review. This review will attempt to discuss the traditional as well as novel therapeutic agents for angina. Expert opinion: Several pharmacological and non-pharmacologi...
A Resource Sharing System for Personal Computers in a LAN: Concepts, Design, and Experience

RM is an experimental prototype that supports the use of distributed services by personal computers in a LAN. Using a service request model, RM allows any PC on the LAN to offer and use services, which can be user-written or off-the-shelf applications. A user can start several activities that proceed concurrently and that use services offered by different machines. Program interfaces are provided for the development of distributed applications. Remote execution is supported within the service-request framework. The paper considers issues in resource sharing and discusses the choices that were made for RM. It provides an overview of RM concepts, design, and implementation, and reviews experience using the system.
Policing Egyptian Women - Sex, Law, and Medicine in Khedivial Egypt

This book is a contribution to the gender and legal history of modern Egypt. The theoretical framework is a Foucault-inspired microhistory in gender studies. Liat Kozma argues that formalised inter...
EXTRACELLULAR SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE MRNA EXPRESSIONS IN THE HUMAN LUNG BY IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION

The extracellular form of superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), SOD3, is contained in the human lung in relatively high amounts when compared to other organs. It has not been previously shown whether or not EC-SOD is synthesized and secreted by specific lung cells. We examined the expression of EC-SOD mRNA in human lung cells by in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled EC-SOD cRNA probe. Strong signals of EC-SOD synthesis were found in the epithelium of all airways. Secretory and basal cells, but not ciliated cells, were labeled for EC-SOD mRNA. Expression of EC-SOD mRNA was found in endothelial cells lining both arteries and veins. Many cells in the alveolar septum exhibited strong expression of EC-SOD mRNA. In addition, epithelial cells lining the outer wall of intrapulmonary airways and vessels were heavily labeled for EC-SOD mRNA. The lung parenchymal epithelial cells containing EC-SOD mRNA were identified as alveolar type II cells by colocalization with surfactant protein-A. Human alveolar macrophages were found to contain a substantial amount of EC-SOD mRNA expression. Alveolar type I epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells did not display detectable signals of EC-SOD mRNA. Smooth muscle cells in muscular arteries were not labeled by the EC-SOD mRNA probe. These results show that airway epithelial cells and alveolar type II cells are the major cell types that synthesize fibroblasts EC-SOD in the human lung. EC-SOD has been shown by immunocytochemistry to be associated with the extracellular matrix around airway epithelium and in the walls of intrapulmonary arterioles. The site of EC-SOD localization, therefore, is closely related to the site of its synthesis.
Generation of a Bessel–Gauss pulse from a moving disk source distribution

Assuming a moving disk source distribution, the Riemann method and Gegenbauer's addition theorem in a mixed coordinate-space–phase-space formulation have been used to derive a zeroth-order Bessel–Gauss pulse solution to the inhomogeneous wave equation. In the region where τ2≳ρeff2+z2, the total solution can be separated into a wave that attenuates quickly and a Bessel–Gauss pulse that exists only after a certain time and continues for long times. In the region where z2⩽τ2≲ρeff2+z2, only a short-time solution exists.