cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fear of acquaintance versus stranger rape as a "master status": towards refinement of the "shadow of sexual assault".

Using a sample of 1,010 women from a southeastern state university, we explore whether associations between fear of sexual assault and other crime-specific fears vary based on presumed victim-offender relationship. More specifically, we assess the extent to which fear of stranger- and acquaintance-perpetrated sexual assaults differ in the extent to which they are correlated with fear of other crime victimizations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that both fear of stranger-perpetrated sexual assault and fear of acquaintance-perpetrated sexual assault were positively associated with nearly all other crimespecific fears under examination. However, associations were particularly strong between fear of sexual assault by a stranger and fear of other stranger-perpetrated crimes. Findings have significant implications for how academic institutions should comprehensively address direct and indirect negative influences of violence against college women.
Asbestos fiber content of lungs with diffuse interstitial fibrosis: An analytical scanning electron microscopic analysis of 249 cases.

Abstract Context.—Asbestosis is one of many forms of diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Its histologic diagnosis rests on the pattern of fibrosis and the presence of asbestos bodies by light microscopy in lung biopsies. Objective.—To determine the asbestos fiber burden in patients with diffuse pulmonary fibrosis (DPF) who had a history of asbestos exposure, but whose biopsies did not meet established criteria for asbestosis, and compare it with the fiber burden in confirmed asbestosis cases. Design.—Fiber burden analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis of lung parenchyma from 86 patients with DPF and 163 patients with asbestosis. The correlation of the number of asbestos fibers found for a quantitative degree of fibrosis was analyzed. Results.—The fibrosis scores of the asbestosis cases correlated best with the number of uncoated commercial amphibole fibers. Seven DPF cases fell within the 95% interval of asbestos body count by light microscopy a...
The Impact of Diabetes on the CNS

The brain is not usually thought to be a target of chronic diabetes complications. Nonetheless, substantial evidence, summarized herein, suggests that diabetes causes brain damage. Clinical syndromes of diabetes-related brain abnormalities are discussed along with possible causes. Various physiological effects of diabetes are reviewed, and questions are raised about gaps in our knowledge. Appropriate directions for future research are suggested.
Developing Distributed Solar System Infrastructure via System-of-Systems Methodology

ion Phase Introduction SoS concepts are neither technology nor network operational concepts, but rather a union of the two. These concepts, with the generic constituent systems, must exhibit scalable behavior in response to shifts in demand, goals, disruptors, and drivers. An Abstraction example for the national space exploration program is where Congress empowers NASA to employ aerospace contractors and research institutions to execute the national Vision for Space Exploration while addressing the nations’ scientific, security, and economic interests. 11 The description of abstraction entities and their fielding in space exploration context is presented in Table 5. The interaction of these entities in SoS architectural models will be presented in the following section. Table 5. Understanding the abstraction entities and their mapping to the national space program Entities Descriptions Abstraction Entities Mapped to Space Exploration Stakeholders “players” of the SoS problems that populate the value network scientists, service providers, manufacturers, NASA, policy-makers Resources physical entities in networks, that are used by the stakeholders exploration and infrastructure assets distributed across the solar system Drivers circumstances that implicitly influence the stakeholder value network desire to explore, availability of resources to do so, and provide sustainable and versatile architectures Disruptors circumstances that alter the resource network, and change the drivers which alter the value network spacecraft malfunction or failures, unexpected discoveries, policy changes
Assessments of Feature Selection Techniques with Respect to Data Sampling for Highly Imbalanced Software Measurement Data

In the process of software defect prediction, a classification model is first built using software metrics and fault data gathered from a past software development project, then that model is applied to data in a similar project or a new release of the same project to predict new program modules as either fault-prone (fp) or not-fault-prone (nfp). The benefit of such a model is to facilitate the optimal use of limited financial and human resources for software testing and inspection. The predictive power of a classification model constructed from a given data set is affected by many factors. In this paper, we are more interested in two problems that often arise in software measurement data: high dimensionality and unequal example set size of the two types of modules (e.g., many more nfp modules than fp modules found in a data set). These directly result in learning time extension and a decline in predictive performance of classification models. We consider using data sampling followed by feature selection (FS) to deal with these problems. Six data sampling strategies (which are made up of three sampling techniques, each consisting of two post-sampling proportion ratios) and six commonly used feature ranking approaches are employed in this study. We evaluate the FS techniques by means of: (1) a general method, i.e., assessing the classification performance after the training data is modified, and (2) studying the stability of a FS method, specifically with the goal of understanding the effect of data sampling techniques on the stability of FS when using the sampled data. The experiments were performed on nine data sets from a real-world software project. The results demonstrate that the FS techniques that most enhance the models' classification performance do not also show the best stability, and vice versa. In addition, the classification performance is more affected by the sampling techniques themselves rather than by the post-sampling proportions, whereas this is opposite for the stability.
Arabidopsis thaliana: A Model for the Study of Root and Shoot Gravitropism.

Abstract For most plants, shoots grow upward and roots grow downward. These growth patterns illustrate the ability for plant organs to guide their growth at a specified angle from the gravity vector (gravitropism). They allow shoots to grow upward toward light, where they can photosynthesize, and roots to grow downward into the soil, where they can anchor the plant as well as take up water and mineral ions. Gravitropism involves several steps organized in a specific response pathway. These include the perception of a gravistimulus (reorientation within the gravity field), the transduction of this mechanical stimulus into a physiological signal, the transmission of this signal from the site of sensing to the site of response, and a curvature-response which allows the organ tip to resume growth at a predefined set angle from the gravity vector. The primary sites for gravity sensing are located in the cap for roots, and in the endodermis for shoots. The curvature response occurs in the elongation zones for e...
Safe Anesthesia for Radiotherapy in Pediatric Oncology: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Experience, 2004–2006

Purpose We sought to determine the incidence of anesthesia-related complications in children undergoing radiation therapy and the associated risk factors.
Longitudinal Field Studies Will Guide a Paradigm Shift in Dengue Prevention

The transition from prescribed to adapted dengue prevention will need to be guided by meaningful goals and accomplished with effective tools. Goals will be reached if enhanced vector control is framed by an improved understanding of vector ecology in pathogen transmission. Longitudinal field studies that capture entomologic, virologic, and epidemiologic information are the most effective was to assess fundamental assumptions and refine new techniques. The following are key tasks that need to be addressed to meet these objectives. Design operationally and epidemiologically effective ways to assess risk of DV transmission and set goals for disease prevention. Create an inexpensive and effective tool for monitoring adult Ae. aegypti population density. Develop a rapid, sensitive, specific, and inexpensive way to estimate serotype specific herd immunity that can be used to predict risk of epidemic DV transmission. Encourage the use of dengue vaccines as public health tools to artificially elevate immunity in an integrated disease prevention program with vector control. Evaluate more effective and operationally feasible means of reducing adult Ae. aegypti density reduction that can be readily adapted to situation specific circumstances. Promote field-based prospective longitudinal cohort research in disease endemic locations that assesses adaptive intervention strategies based on relationships among measures of entomologic and epidemiologic risk, dengue incidence, and severity of disease. Accomplishing these tasks will translate into the most important attributable benefit from vector control for dengue, reduction of disease burden and death.
The Superiority of an Ideal Consumption Tax Over an Ideal Income Tax

This paper considers the arguments regarding the choice between an ideal income tax and an ideal consumption tax, focusing on an argument made by Atkinson and Stiglitz regarding neutral taxation of commodities. The argument shows that a properly designed consumption tax is Pareto superior to an income tax: it is more efficient and at least as good at redistribution. The major exception to the Atkinson and Stiglitz result is if individuals with equal wages have different propensities to save. In that event, a consumption tax may no longer be Pareto superior to an income tax. A consumption tax will continue, however, to be more desirable than an income tax. It will be strictly more efficient than an income tax, and under reasonable assumptions, better at redistributing from those who are better off to those who are worse off. This result holds true even if one heavily weights the welfare of the poor.
Imatinib and Panax Ginseng: A Potential Interaction Resulting in Liver Toxicity

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of imatinib-induced hepatotoxicity after concurrent ginseng ingestion in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).CASE SUMMARY:A 26-year-old man with CML who had taken imatinib 400 mg daily for 7 years with no complications presented with right upper quadrant pain. Laboratory test results included alanine aminotransferase 1069 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 481 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 124 IU/L, total bilirubin 1.4 mg/dL, albumin 4.0 g/dL, and international normalized ratio 1.08. Liver biopsy showed acute lobular hepatitis favoring a drug-induced etiology, and a diagnosis of imatinib-induced hepatotoxicity was made. The patient's only lifestyle modification prior to the diagnosis of hepatotoxicity was daily ingestion of Panax ginseng via energy drinks for the past 3 months. Both imatinib and ginseng were discontinued, and the patient was treated with a short course of corticosteroids. Imatinib was later restarted at the same dose with no recurrent elevations in his li...
Lipopolysaccharide induces expression of fibronectin α5β1-integrin receptors in human monocytic cells in a protein kinase C-dependent fashion

LPS is an outer-membrane glycolipid component of gram-negative bacteria known for its fervent ability to activate monocytic cells and for its potent proinflammatory capabilities. In addition, LPS t...
A Hardware-Based Approach for Fault Detection in RTOS-Based Embedded Systems

This paper presents a new hardware-based approach able to monitor the execution flow of the Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) in order to detect faults changing the tasks' execution flow in embedded systems. Results obtained during experiments performed according to the IEC 61000-4-29 standard demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to provide higher fault coverage with respect to the fault detection mechanisms natively provided by the RTOS.
POU-domain transcription factors: pou-er-ful developmental regulators.

This paper reviews the characterization of a gene family that contains a novel DNA-binding motif ― the POU domain ― which appears to exert critical developmental actions, providing insights into the mechanisms by which distinct cellular phenotypes emerge during organogenesis. This review will also summarize the known POU-domain factors, the unique features of their interactions with cognate DNA-binding sites, and the recent evidence of their specific developmental and transcriptional functions
Television and attitudes toward mental health issues: Cultivation analysis and the third‐person effect

A television content analysis and survey of 419 community respondents supports the hypothesis that media stereotypes affect public attitudes toward mental health issues. A content analysis of network, prime-time television demonstrates that portrayals are violent, false, and negative. The mentally disordered are portrayed as 10 times more likely to be a violent criminal than nonmentally disordered television characters. A survey demonstrates that as television viewing increases so does the belief among viewers that locating mental health services in residential neighborhoods will endanger the residents. Viewers who watch television news are less likely to support living next to someone who is mentally ill. The survey also tests the third-person effect, and finds that viewers believe television portrayals of mental illness affect others more than themselves. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Myristoylated Alanine-Rich Protein Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) Regulates Small GTPase Rac1 and Cdc42 Activity and Is a Critical Mediator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration in Intimal Hyperplasia Formation

Background Transcription of the myristoylated alanine‐rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is upregulated in animal models of intimal hyperplasia. MARCKS knockdown inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration in vitro; however, the mechanism is as yet unknown. We sought to elucidate the mechanism of MARCKS‐mediated motility and determine whether MARCKS knockdown reduces intimal hyperplasia formation in vivo. Methods and Results MARCKS knockdown blocked platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐induced translocation of cortactin to the cell cortex, impaired both lamellipodia and filopodia formation, and attenuated motility of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). Activation of the small GTPases, Rac1 and Cdc42, was prevented by MARCKS knockdown. Phosphorylation of MARCKS resulted in a transient shift of MARCKS from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. MARCKS knockdown significantly decreased membrane‐associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) levels. Cotransfection with an intact, unphosphorylated MARCKS, which has a high binding affinity for PIP2, restored membrane‐associated PIP2 levels and was indispensable for activation of Rac1 and Cdc42 and, ultimately, VSMC migration. Overexpression of MARCKS in differentiated VSMCs increased membrane PIP2 abundance, Rac1 and Cdc42 activity, and cell motility. MARCKS protein was upregulated early in the development of intimal hyperplasia in the murine carotid ligation model. Decreased MARKCS expression, but not total knockdown, attenuated intimal hyperplasia formation. Conclusions MARCKS upregulation increases VSMC motility by activation of Rac1 and Cdc42. These effects are mediated by MARCKS sequestering PIP2 at the plasma membrane. This study delineates a novel mechanism for MARCKS‐mediated VSMC migration and supports the rational for MARCKS knockdown to prevent intimal hyperplasia.
Courts as Change Agents: Do We Want More — or Less?

Review of Emily Zackin, Looking for Rights in All the Wrong Places: Why State Constitutions Contain America's Positive Rights (2013). In claiming that Americans are looking for rights in all the wrong places, Professor Emily Zackin targets two flawed mindsets: (1) that the exclusive source of new individual rights is the federal Constitution, as opposed to the state constitutions; and (2) that constitutional rights in general are exclusively negative, just libertarian prohibitions on governmental action, not affirmative calls for the government to act. The first point returns to a once dominant, then forgotten, now reemerging, insight — that constitutional rights do not originate solely in the U.S. Constitution or come only from decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court. There are fifty-one constitutions and fifty-one high courts, and all of them protect a wide variety of individual rights. The second point, the central thesis of Zackin’s book and the useful insight offered in it, acknowledges that the American constitutional law tradition focuses on negative protections — structural and individual-rights limitations on government — but claims that this perspective does not describe that tradition in full. To get the full picture, she urges, one must account for a strain of positive constitutional rights dating from the nineteenth century and found in most state constitutions, rights that operate by compelling governments to act, not by prohibiting them from acting. To support the point, Zackin offers three examples of positive-rights traditions in the states’ constitutions: the right to a free and adequate public education, the rights to safe working conditions and fair pay, and the right to a clean environment. The book purports to tell what is, not what should be. But some will take Zackin’s description to suggest, if not to call for, a norm-changing view: that the American constitutional tradition ought to account for such positive rights and appreciate the possibility of more.
Experimental methods applied to the computation of integer sequences

We apply techniques of experimental mathematics to certain problems in number theory and combinatorics. The goal in each case is to understand certain integer sequences, where foremost we are interested in computing a sequence faster than by its definition. Often this means taking a sequence of integers that is defined recursively and rewriting it without recursion as much as possible. The benefits of doing this are twofold. From the view of computational complexity, one obtains an algorithm for computing the system that is faster than the original; from the mathematical view, one obtains new information about the structure of the system. Two particular topics are studied with the experimental method. The first is the recurrence an=an-1 +gcdn,an-1 , which is shown to generate primes in a certain sense. The second is the enumeration of binary trees avoiding a given pattern and extensions of this problem. In each of these problems, computing sequences quickly is intimately connected to understanding the structure of the objects and being able to prove theorems about them.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a case report

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is an uncommon syndrome. Its prevalence among patients with polycystic kidney disease is very rare, with no previously reported involvement of the right posterior descending coronary artery. We describe the case of a middle-aged Caucasian woman with polycystic kidney disease who presented with a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Cardiac catheterization revealed a dissection of her right posterior descending coronary artery. She was treated with dual antiplatelet therapy and had a favorable outcome. We report a rare and interesting case of spontaneous coronary artery dissection of the right posterior descending coronary artery in a patient with polycystic kidney disease. It is important to consider spontaneous coronary artery dissection in the differential diagnosis of patients with polycystic kidney disease who present with an acute coronary syndrome.
Learning goal-oriented hierarchical tasks from situated interactive instruction

Our research aims at building interactive robots and agents that can expand their knowledge by interacting with human users. In this paper, we focus on learning goal-oriented tasks from situated interactive instructions. Learning the structure of novel tasks and how to execute them is a challenging computational problem requiring the agent to acquire a variety of knowledge including goal definitions and hierarchical control information. We frame acquisition of novel tasks as an explanation-based learning (EBL) problem and propose an interactive learning variant of EBL for a robotic agent. We show that our approach can exploit information in situated instructions along with the domain knowledge to demonstrate fast generalization on several tasks. The knowledge acquired transfers across structurally similar tasks. Finally, we show that our approach seamlessly combines agent-driven exploration with instructions for mixed-initiative learning.
An Objective Assessment of Voice Production after Radiation Therapy for Stage I Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Glottis

Radiation therapy has been the primary treatment for early glottic carcinoma, especially when restoration of normal voice is essential; yet objective evidence of the status of vocal function after treatment is lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess vocal characteristics of patients with glottic carcinoma after they had undergone radiation therapy. Twenty males, who had previously been treated with external beam irradiation for T1N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma with no subsequent evidence of recurrence, volunteered for this study. Laryngovideostroboscopic, acoustic, aerodynamic, and perceptual measures of vocal function were used to determine the characteristics of voice production. Acoustic indices were compared to those of a normal group of 30 age-matched volunteers, and the other measures were compared to established values reported in the literature. On acoustic analysis, the study group was characterized by significantly worse voice production than their counterparts. A high degree of intersubject variability was noted that could not be accounted for in terms of variables in treatment and medical history. The aerodynamic, spectral, and video-stroboscopic findings correlated well; this indicated a poor vibratory source, characterized by diffuse stiffness. Further work is necessary in order to compare vocal function after endoscopic laser and conventional conservative excision.
Imaging in gangliogliomas: a review of 8 cases

With MRI, ganglioglioma may be confused with other intracranial tumors, or not identified. The purpose of this paper is to describe the imaging patterns found in eight cases of biopsy proven ganglioglioma and to help resolve confusion about the diagnosis.
Introduction: Dumb and Dumber Shakespeares: Academic Fantasy, the Electronic Archive, Loser Criticism, and Other Diminished Critical Capacities

At the end of 1996, a conservative Washington, D.C., think tank called the National Alumni Forum released a tabloidlike expose ominously entitled The Shakespeare File: What English Majors Are Really Studying, that received national coverage (see Magner 1997, Yardley 1996). Taking the dropping of Shakespeare as a requirement of English majors at Georgetown University as its point of departure, the File denounced what it maintained was a widespread displacement of Shakespeare courses at major colleges and universities by courses on popular culture and (mostly queer) sex. “Shakespeare Out, Pop Culture ‘In,’” ran the press release. The authors of the File insisted that intelligent life as we know it was to be found only in Shakespeare and other “great” authors: Concern about the “dumbing down” of America is widespread and well-justified. This country cannot expect a generation raised on gangster films and sex studies to maintain its leadership in the world, or even its unity as a nation. Shakespeare has shaped our language and our culture. His works provide a common frame of reference that helps us into a single community of discourse. (1996, 8)
Indications and anatomic landmarks for the application of lower extremity traction: a review

Fractures of the lower extremity, particularly of the femur and acetabulum, may be difficult to immobilize with splinting alone. These injuries may be best stabilized with the application of various types of skeletal traction. Often, traction is applied percutaneously in an emergent setting, making the knowledge of both superficial and deep anatomy crucial to successful placement. Review was performed via PubMed search as well as referencing the Orthopaedic literature. Relevant articles to the anatomy of the knee, ankle and calcaneus as they pertain to traction placement were referenced in compiling the optimal recommendations for traction placement. By palpating and marking superficial landmarks and observing specific anatomic relationships, safe application of traction pins can be performed while minimizing iatrogenic injury to vital anatomic structures, and avoiding intra-articular placement which could potentially lead to joint infection.
Hepatic histopathological modifications in post transplant recurrent chronic hepatitis c virus infection, and its association with oxidative damage and diabetes

Grace Guzman, MD is an Associate Professor of Pathology at the University of Illinois College of Medicine, Hospital and Health Sciences System where she teaches gastrointestinal and liver pathology and serves as a surgical pathologist. He focuses on the translational study of gastrointestinal and hepatocellular carcinoma by developing human tissue arrays and characterizing biomarkers. Hepatic histopathological modifications in post transplant recurrent chronic hepatitis c virus infection, and its association with oxidative damage and diabetes
Optimizing checkpoint data placement with guaranteed burst buffer endurance in large-scale hierarchical storage systems

Non-volatile devices, such as SSDs, will be an integral part of the deepening storage hierarchy on large-scale HPC systems. These devices can be on the compute nodes as part of a distributed burst buffer service or they can be external. Wherever they are located in the hierarchy, one critical design issue is the SSD endurance under the write-heavy workloads, such as the checkpoint I/O for scientific applications. For these environments, it is widely assumed that checkpoint operations can occur once every 60 min and for each checkpoint step as much as half of the system memory can be written out. Unfortunately, for large-scale HPC applications, the burst buffer SSDs can be worn out much more quickly given the extensive amount of data written at every checkpoint step. One possible solution is to control the amount of data written by reducing the checkpoint frequency. However, a direct effect caused by reduced checkpoint frequency is the increased vulnerability window of system failures and therefore potentially wasted computation time, especially for large-scale compute jobs.In this paper, we propose a new checkpoint placement optimization model which collaboratively utilizes both the burst buffer and the parallel file system to store the checkpoints, with design goals of maximizing computation efficiency while guaranteeing the SSD endurance requirements. Moreover, we present an adaptive algorithm which can dynamically adjust the checkpoint placement based on the systems dynamic runtime characteristics and continuously optimize the burst buffer utilization. The evaluation results show that by using our adaptive checkpoint placement algorithm we can guarantee the burst buffer endurance with at most 5% performance degradation per application and less than 3% for the entire system. A thorough analysis of both failure patterns and runtime characteristics of HPC systems.A new checkpoint placement model for optimizing large-scale hierarchical storage systems usage.A novel adaptive algorithm that can dynamically optimize the checkpoint placement.
Pseudarthrosis and techniques for fixation to the pelvis

Abstract For adult patients undergoing spinal deformity correction surgery, it is unclear if fusion should routinely end at L5 or S1. Adding to this controversy is the concern for the development of a pseudarthrosis at L5–S1 with attempted fusions caudal to long constructs, which remains a challenging problem. There are a number of different constructs that have been used to stabilize the lumbosacral junction. Pelvic fixation into the ilium, whether by iliac screws or alar–iliac screws, provides rigid lumbosacral fixation that generally results in the lowest pseudarthrosis rates with adult deformity constructs. The addition of L5–S1 interbody fusion, either TLIF or ALIF, should be considered requisite if the most distal fixation points are S1 or S2 screws. Newer techniques, such as transsacral axial interbody fusion, may offer an alternative to open L5–S1 interbody fusion, though data are limited to case series. Perhaps most important is for deformity surgeons to consider, in concert, spinal alignment parameters, host biology, and adequate surgical fixation in order to minimize the likelihood of lumbosacral pseudarthrosis.
Epigenetics and Health Disparities

African-Americans disproportionately suffer from leading causes of morbidity and mortality including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and preterm birth. Disparities can arise from multiple social and environmental exposures, but how the human body responds to these exposures to result in pathophysiologic states is incompletely understood. Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation, can be altered in response to exposures such as air pollution, psychosocial stress, and smoking. Each of these exposures has been linked to the above health states (CVD, cancer, and preterm birth) with striking racial disparities in exposure levels. DNA methylation patterns have also been shown to be associated with each of these health outcomes. Whether DNA methylation mediates exposure–disease relationships and can help explain racial disparities in health is not known. However, because many environmental and adverse social exposures disproportionately affect minorities, understanding the role that epigenetics plays in the human response to these exposures that often result in disease is critical to reducing disparities in morbidity and mortality.
Histological features and outcome of inverted type-A melanocytic nevi.

The presence of enlarged epithelioid/spindled nests located deep in the reticular dermis of a biphasic melanocytic neoplasm can mimic melanoma arising in a pre-existing nevus, causing over-interpretation of malignancy. We aimed to define the clinicopathologic significance of epithelioid/spindled nests in melanocytic nevi. Retrospectively using clinical and histologic information, we characterized 121 patients with a single lesion showing epithelioid/spindled melanocytes in the reticular dermis or subcutaneous fat, surrounded by melanophages, sometimes blending in with the adnexa. The majority of nevi occurred in women in the ages of 10 to 39 years, where the most frequent presentation was a changing mole. While 78% of the lesions displayed an anatomic (Clark's) level of IV-V, there was no ulceration, significant regression or inflammation. Up to 2 mitoses were found in only 12% of the cases, not correlating with the severity of cytological atypia. No recurrence or metastasis occurred during 45.5 months (mean) of clinical follow up in 26 patients. Notwithstanding the deep dermal extension, these findings suggest a benign histopathology and clinical outcome. Having compared the overlapping histopathology and clinical features between deep penetrating/clonal nevus and combined nevus, we posit that "inverted type-A nevus" might be considered a variant of the two.
Private Donations for Public Transit: The Equity Implications of Detroit’s Public–Private Streetcar:

Transportation agencies are increasingly seeking private sector funding, but resulting deals have implications beyond specific projects. We analyze the broader regional and equity impacts of privat...
Very Short Intermittent DDoS Attacks in an Unsaturated System

We present a new class of low-volume application layer DDoS attack–Very Short Intermittent DDoS (VSI-DDoS). Such attack sends intermittent bursts (tens of milliseconds duration) of legitimate HTTP requests to the target website with the goal of degrading the quality of service (QoS) of the system and damaging the long-term business of the service provider. VSI-DDoS attacks can be especially stealthy since they can significantly impair the target system performance while the average usage rate of all the system resources is at a moderate level, making it hard to pinpoint the root-cause of performance degradation. We develop a framework to effectively launch VSI-DDoS attacks, which includes three phases: the profiling phase in which appropriate HTTP requests are selected to launch the attack, the training phase in which a typical Service Level Agreement (e.g., \(95^{th}\) percentile response time <1 s) is used to train the attack parameters, and the attacking phase in which attacking scripts are generated and deployed to distributed bots to launch the actual attack. To evaluate such VSI-DDoS attacks, we conduct extensive experiments using a representative benchmark web application under realistic cloud scaling settings and equipped with some popular state-of-the-art IDS/IPS systems (e.g., Snort), and find that our attacks are able to effectively cause the long-tail latency problem of the benchmark website while escaping the radar of those DDoS defense tools.
Reading and Writing Life's Sacred Texts: A Memoir

What are the proper and useful identities and roles of religions in a pluralistic world? What curricula in religious education will best facilitate such religious identities and roles in today's an...
Development of a hydrogen cyanide inhalation exposure system and determination of the inhaled median lethal dose in the swine model.

Objective: Cyanide is a highly toxic chemical, and acute exposure depletes cells and tissue of oxygen, depressing the respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological systems and potentially leading to...
Leukotriene C 4 -binding Proteins

The physiologic and pharmacologic evidence for separate recognition units for LTC4 and its products, LTD4 and LTE4, was noted in 1980 and was subsequently validated by continuing studies which evolved additional evidence (1). Radioligand binding studies followed and seem to validate the presence of a subclass specific receptor for LTD4, while uncovering high affinity binding activity at the membrane and in subcellular fractions for LTC4 which is not necessarily representative of a subclass receptor that mediates trans-membrane activation of a contractile response (2,3).
Labor Education and ‘Oppositional Knowledge’

I am a labor educator; my classes are a combination of strategy, history, political economy, law and communication because they are about how workers can make a decent living, improve their working conditions, and ultimately, survive their jobs by exercising control over their work. In order to do this, the workers have to draw on knowledge that is learned under conditions of struggle and conflict, that is emotionally charged, and is collectively created and held by workforces, colleagues, networks, families, and friends.
Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina): A New Bioindicator to Detect Phytotoxic Levels of Ambient Ozone in the Eastern United States

In our air pollution studies at The Pennsylvania State University, we have successfully used Prunus serotina (Black Cherry), Asclepias syriaca (Common Milkweed), Apocynum androsaemifolium (Spreading Dogbane), and Ailanthus altissima (Tree-of-Heaven) as ozone-sensitive bioindicators to detect phytotoxic levels of ambient ozone. However, ambient ozone concentrations have decreased in our study area, and we are seeking a more sensitive bioindicator species. We observed significant levels of ambient ozone-induced leaf injury (stipple) on native Rhus typhina (Staghorn Sumac) within a field in a central Pennsylvania, suggesting that this species might serve as a new and highly sensitive ozone bioindicator. Therefore, we conducted a preliminary survey to determine the incidence and severity of ozone-induced stipple on Staghorn Sumac. In the same location, we concurrently evaluated the level of foliar stipple on the ozone-sensitive bioindicator species listed above. Staghorn Sumac developed significantly greater ozone-induced symptoms than the other bioindicators and has potential to serve as a bioindicator to detect phytotoxic levels of ambient ozone in the eastern US.
DIFFERENCES IN RADIOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS ON STANDING VERSUS SUPINE PELVIC RADIOGRAPHS

Background:Accurate pelvic radiographic measurements is of clear clinical importance, as these measurements can drive the indications for surgery, the surgical approach utilized, and/or the degree ...
Use of Composites in Analysis of Individual Time Series: Implications for Person-Specific Dynamic Parameters.

Psychology has seen an increase in the study of intra-individual processes through time series. Although timely and relevant, modeling variance from unique sources in time series may lead to model ...
Legacies of the Cold War in Malaysia: Anything but Communism

Malaya’s anti-communist Emergency of 1948–1960 demonstrated the lengths to which elites – first British colonial, then local – were prepared to go to combat communism’s advance domestically. But th...
Scaling Law Based D2D Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks in the Finite Blocklength Regime

Device-to-device (D2D) wireless ad hoc network architecture enables dynamic mobile userâ€™s self- organizing communications which can directly exchange information between their peers without a pre-determined network infrastructure. Finite blocklength coding (FBC) has also been proved as the fifth generation (5G) promising candidate technique to support the time sensitive multimedia wireless networks services, where mobile users transmit short packets to upper- bound the transmission delay of video/audio traffics. The scaling law technique models the maximum D2D channel capacity as a function of the density of mobile users. Recent research works have integrated D2D wireless ad hoc networks with FBC theory to further improve the performances of 5G wireless ad hoc networks. However, how to model and analyze the capacity of D2D wireless ad hoc networks under the finite blocklength regime has not been well understood neither thoroughly studied. To overcome these challenges, applying the scaling law technique, we derive the upper-bound of the coding rate of each D2D channel and the number of time slots needed to complete all D2D transmissions. Combining the D2D channelâ€™s coding rate with the number of time slots needed for all D2D transmissions, we derive the maximum aggregate throughput for wireless ad hoc networks with all mobile users using D2D communications while mitigating the interference. We also develop the model where each D2D channel follows the Nakagami-m distribution, under which we derive the average aggregate throughput and its upper- bound. Finally, we evaluate our derived results in the D2D wireless ad hoc networks over finite blocklength regime through numerical analyses.
Does muscle invasive bladder cancer following pelvic radiotherapy portend worse prognosis? A seer-based study.

Abstract Background Although emerging evidence demonstrates increased risk of secondary bladder cancer following pelvic radiotherapy, the aggressiveness of these tumors is not well-characterized. Materials and Methods A search of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 Database, identified 25,734 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer following definitive therapy for previous pelvic malignancy. Kaplan-Meier curve analyses were utilized to determine overall survival with significance set at p Results Of the 25,734 patients, 11,376 (44.2%) received radiation treatment for their first cancer. Overall survival of bladder cancer was found to be 80%, 69.5%, and 49.2% at 1,2 and 5 years, respectively. There was no significant survival difference between groups whose first cancer was treated with or without radiation (p=0.8). A survival advantage was seen for the bladder cancer patients not treated with radiation for cervical (p=0.004), uterine (p=0.0006), and vaginal cancers (p Conclusion Patients with prior history of female cancers treated without radiation demonstrated significant survival advantage in second primary bladder cancer. A small significant survival advantage was seen in bladder cancer patients previously treated for prostate cancer with radiation. This data suggests that second primary bladder cancer following pelvic radiotherapy has similar biologic aggressiveness to urothelial carcinoma developing without a history of radiotherapy. Microabstract The overall survival of 25,734 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer following definitive therapy for a previous pelvic malignancy was 49.2% at 5 years. There was no significant survival difference between groups whose first cancer was treated with or without radiation. Second primary bladder cancer following pelvic radiotherapy has similar biologic aggressiveness to urothelial carcinoma developing without a history of radiotherapy.
Examining investor reactions to appointments of Black top management executives and CEOs

Research summary The authors investigated investor reactions to the appointment of Black executives. The results indicate that investors respond: (1) more negatively to the announcement of Black CEO appointments than to White CEO appointments, (2) more negatively to the announcement of the Black top management team (TMT) appointments than to White TMT appointments, (3) more negatively to the announcement of Black CEO appointments than to Black TMT appointments, and (4) more negatively to the announcement of Black CEO appointments who are promoted from outside the firm than to the announcement of Black CEO appointments who are promoted from inside the firm. Moreover, the post‐hoc analysis revealed that investors react more negatively to the TMT appointment of Black executives than to the TMT appointment of Latino or Asian executives. Our results show the negative association between the appointment of Black executives and investors' reactions, and we hope it sparks future research examining causal factors and their potential solutions. Managerial summary Investors react more negatively to the announcement of Black CEO appointments than to White CEO appointments, and more negatively to the announcement of Black CEO appointments who are promoted from outside the firm than to the announcement of Black CEO appointments who are promoted from inside the firm. Moreover, investors react more negatively to TMT appointments of Black executives than to TMT appointments of White, Latino, or Asian executives.
Investigating the Relationship between Sociodemographic Factors and Bird Identification by Landowners Across a Rural-to-Urban Gradient

Social, cultural, and economic differences have been shown to influence ecological knowledge. Given the importance of ecological knowledge for appreciation and protection of nature, we sought to investigate the relationship between landowners' sociodemographic attributes and the number of birds listed by landowners on their property across a rural-to-urban gradient. We hypothesized that: (1) age and education would be positively related to the number of birds an individual listed, while gender would be unrelated to the number of birds an individual listed; (2) rural landowners would list a larger number of bird species due to their increased level of exposure to nature and place-based knowledge; and (3) the number of years spent living on a property would positively impact the number of birds an individual listed by increasing the amount of time possible to interact with nature. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a survey of ~1700 landowners (with 59% responding) across a rural-to-urban gradient in southeastern Michigan that asked questions pertaining to age, gender, education, property size, years lived on property, and bird identification. Age, education, and years on property were positively associated with the number of birds listed by landowner. However, sociodemographic factors interacted with the rural-to-urban gradient to determine how such factors influenced landowner listing ability. For example, females listed more birds than males on suburban routes, but not on urban or rural routes. Ultimately, sociodemographic factors were indicators of a person's ability to list bird species on their property.
Network Stability: The Role of Geography and Brokerage Structure Inequity

While the outcomes of brokerage have been extensively investigated, the issue of when and why brokerage structures persist or decay has attracted relatively little research interest. Taking the per...
Jammin' the Blues: Experiencing the "Good Life".

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics, attitudes, and perceptions of older musicians who participated regularly in a local blues jam. Six core dimensions of eudaimonic well-being and their conceptual foundations provided a framework for examining the ways, if any, that music-making might contribute to subjective well-being during the lifespan of an individual. The following research questions guided this investigation; (1) In what ways do culture, affordances, and engagement with music influence the lives of older adult blues/rock musicians who participate in a local blues jam? (2) What implications for subjective well-being with regard to lifelong music learning, if any, might be used to inform music education practices? Interviews and observations over a 2-month period provided data for understanding how lived experiences impacted personal well-being, and musical growth and development, over time. Findings indicated that collaborative, participatory endeavors can provide a social and psychological sense of satisfaction among older adults. Implications for music education include the cultivation of participatory, self-directed, informal music classrooms that include technology-based, popular music pedagogies, in order to encourage life-long music learning and participation.