cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of High Voltage Pulsed Electrical Stimulation on Microvascular Permeability to Plasma Proteins A Possible Mechanism in Minimizing Edema

The purpose of this study was to determine whether high voltage pulsed electrical stimulation reduces microvascular permeability to plasma proteins in a simulation of acute edema. Fourteen male golden hamsters were anesthetized and prepared for fluorescence microscopy of the cheek pouch. Intravenous fluorescein-labeled dextran (MW 150,000) served as a tracer of plasma proteins. Protein leaks from the microvessels were quantified every 5 minutes for a 25-minute baseline period and again after a 5-minute superfusion with 10−5-M histamine. High voltage stimulation (HVS) was applied simultaneously with the histamine to the vascular bed of the treatment animals in a dosage of 10, 30, or 50 V; the control animals received no electrical stimulation. Histamine increased microvessel leakiness in all groups, but the number of posthistamine microvessel leaks was significantly less in animals that received a 30- or 50-V dose of HVS than in the control animals or those that received a 10-V dose. The study results suggest that at intensities greater than a threshold dose, HVS reduces microvessel leakiness. Reduced microvessel leakiness may be one mechanism by which HVS retards edema formation.
Is China's Housing Market Heading Toward a US-Style Crash?

This article aims to determine whether China is heading toward a U.S.-style market crash in its housing market. Rather than attempting to maintain any suspense, I will disclose here that my conclusion is, 'Who knows?' China and the United States have dramatically different histories, cultures, governments, economies, and legal systems. Anyone who claims to have a definitive answer to this question is overly confident.My more modest goals in this article are to examine the available evidence and see which way it seems to point. The article begins by listing and describing several different ways in which the American housing market failed. It then evaluates the consequences of these failures for the U.S. housing market. Next, the article demonstrates some of the key respects in which the Chinese market differs from the market in the United States. This central portion of the article emphasizes just how difficult it is to make predictions about what might happen in one nation’s housing market based on the experiences of another nation that differs in so many significant ways. Finally, the article provides a description of some of the worrisome similarities between the Chinese and American housing markets. To the extent the previous analysis may have comforted the reader into believing that the Chinese market is unlikely to experience a downturn anytime soon, this last discussion will create some apprehension by highlighting some of the ways in which China might, in fact, be heading down the same path as the United States.
Pharmacokinetics modeling of PET imaging with a GLP-1R targeted radiotracer in Ossabaw mini-pigs for noninvasive assessment of pancreatic beta-cell mass

389 Objectives The ability to non-invasively quantify beta cell mass (BCM) in the pancreas is valuable in the evaluation of the progression and treatment response in patients with Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes. This study examined the pharmacokinetics of a radiolabeled glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) analog in PET imaging, to quantify the specific binding to GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in a mini-pig model. Methods Six male Ossabaw pigs (approximately 2-3 years old) were enrolled in a longitudinal study to monitor the progression of diabetes. All pigs underwent a 60 minute dynamic PET/CT scan of the abdomen on a Siemens 64-slice Biograph. Blood sampling was performed prior and throughout the PET acquisition. The PET uptake data was generated using CT-based ROIs for the connecting, duodenal, and splenic lobes of the pancreas. Pharmacokinetic modeling was performed using plasma input function and the kinetic analysis toolbox available on the Siemen’s Inveon Research Workplace 4.0 suite. The total distribution volume VT = (K1/k2)*(1+k3/k4) was estimated with reversible two-compartment model for each lobe of the pancreas. Results The total volume of distribution VT was significantly higher in the duodenal lobe compared to the splenic lobe (p Conclusions The islet density in the human pancreas has been reported to be about 2-fold higher in the splenic than the duodenal lobe. In this study, we showed through pharmacokinetics modeling that islet density in the duodenal lobe is higher than the splenic lobe in the porcine pancreas.
Parabiotic anemia-polycythemia.

ConclusionsHematocrit data from incompatible mice joined in parabiosis suggest that a primary and a secondary anemia-polycythemia may develop. The secondary anemia-polycythemia appears related to an immune response, while the primary does not. The two events may counterbalance or intensify each other, depending on the genetic backgrounds of the mice. Because of this multiplicity of factors, the anemia-polycythemia of parabiosis appears unsuitable as an assay of the host response to incompatible tissue.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network For Human Detection And Tracking In FLIR Videos

A Convolutional Neural Network is used to identify and track humans across video frames. The tracking process is further accentuated by the use of a Kalman filter designed to predict the location of humans in the subsequent video frame. This research is done as part of the SIERRA project at University of Cincinnati, the main objective of which is to provide better situational awareness to the fire-crew during wildland fire situations. This paper focuses on detecting and tracking humans from FLIR video which is a very important aspect of the SIERRA project. The results indicate that the CNN and Kalman filter based approach is very effective in achieving these objectives.
Preference for instrumental and non-instrumental information

Recent studies have indicated that humans seek information about unavoidable but uncertain outcomes. This response has been interpreted according to a preparatory-state hypothesis which maintains that the information prepares the S emotionally for the outcome. The current study seeks to ascertain whether information about an already known outcome will be sought. Half the Ss could request information about a to-be-delivered outcome; the other half could request information about an outcome which had already been delivered. Ss in the latter condition requested information more than in the former, and this unexpected effect raises some question as to the validity of the preparatory-state hypothesis.
Detection of Simulated Vocal Dysfunctions Using Complex sEMG Patterns

Symptoms of voice disorder may range from slight hoarseness to complete loss of voice; from modest vocal effort to uncomfortable neck pain. But even minor symptoms may still impact personal and especially professional lives. While early detection and diagnosis can ameliorate that effect, to date, we are still largely missing reliable and valid data to help us better screen for voice disorders. In our previous study, we started to address this gap in research by introducing an ambulatory voice monitoring system using surface electromyography (sEMG) and a robust algorithm (HiGUSSS) for pattern recognition of vocal gestures. Here, we expand on that work by further analyzing a larger set of simulated vocal dysfunctions. Our goal is to demonstrate that such a system has the potential to recognize and detect real vocal dysfunctions from multiple individuals with high accuracy under both intra and intersubject conditions. The proposed system relies on four sEMG channels to simultaneously process various patterns of sEMG activation in the search for maladaptive laryngeal activity that may lead to voice disorders. In the results presented here, our pattern recognition algorithm detected from two to ten different classes of sEMG patterns of muscle activation with an accuracy as high as 99%, depending on the subject and the testing conditions.
AN APPROACH TO THE CONDITIONS FOR CONDENSATE GAS POOL FORMATION IN TARIM BASIN

The conditions, in terms of hydrocarbon source, temperature, pressure, tectonic activities and sealing, for the formation of condensate gas pools in the Tarim basin are analyzed and discussed. It is concluded that the gas generating kerogens are of both the land derived humic type and the marine sapropelic type, withthe two types generating gas condensates at different thermal evolutional stages. The temperature and pressure ranges for the gas condensate accumulations in the basin are 70-130℃ and 35-60?MPa, respectively. The existence of favorable regional capping beds is an important factor for the enrichment of gas condensates, while later phase tectonic reworking is the major factor for the formation of secondary gas condensate pools.
The model legume genomes

The primary model legumes to date have been Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus. Both species are tractable both genetically and in the greenhouse, and for both, substantial sets of tools and resources for molecular genetic research have been assembled. As sequencing costs have declined, however, additional legume genomes have been sequenced, and the funding available to crops such as soybean has enabled these to be developed to the status of genetic models in their own right. This chapter, therefore, describes a broader set of model species in the legumes, and discusses similarities and differences between the genomes sequenced to date, as well as computational resources available for various legume species. Genome structural characteristics in, for example, Medicago truncatula and Glycine max, can have large impacts on the kinds of functional genomic research that may be carried out in these species. Both of these genomes have substantial redundancy for many gene families, but the nature of the redundancy is different in the two genomes-with the redundancy typically being in the form of local gene duplications in Medicago, and in whole-genome-duplication-derived duplications in Glycine. Similar considerations (about gene environments and genome structure) will likely need to be taken into account for any model or crop species.
T-Cell Depletion to Prevent Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Bone Marrow Transplantation

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major obstacle to successful bone marrow transplantation. Depletion of T lymphocytes from the donor marrow prior to transplantation substantially reduces the morbidity and mortality due to acute and chronic GVHD. Unfortunately, graft failure, usually due to rejection and leukemia relapse, are adversely affected by this approach. This article reviews current techniques for T-cell depletion and results of recent clinical trials directed to overcome major problem areas.
Future Therapeutic Use of Purines in Myocardial Protection

Purines play a significant physiologic role under normal conditions. However, during ischemic or hypoxic events, certain purines generated from ATP catabolism exhibit important cardioprotective effects while others have been implicated in ischemic and reperfusion injury. As has been articulated in this book, therapeutic use of purines for myocardial protection is quite promising and clinical trials are warranted. Adenosine, purine derived adenosine deaminase inhibitors and selective nucleoside transport blockers are good examples of promising purines in myocardial protection. Dilazep and Draflazine, non-purine nucleoside transport blockers, are purine interactive agents. They accumulate endogenous adenosine during ischemia by unknown mechanisms.
Improving the Fontan: Pre-surgical planning using four dimensional (4D) flow, bio-mechanical modeling and three dimensional (3D) printing

Abstract While early and intermediate results of Fontan palliation have greatly improved the survival and quality of life of patients with single ventricle physiology, late complications remain concerning, and leave room for further improvement. In addition to recent advances in surgical techniques and post-operative care, advances in Medical Imaging and related technologies can further improve pre-surgical planning and post-operative management of these complex patients. Novel technologies including advanced MRI, computer aided design, three-dimensional printing, Virtual Surgery and Computational Fluid Dynamics may provide better patient-specific surgical plans, and continue to improve long-term outcomes.
Marginal land and the global land rush: A spatial exploration of contested lands and state-directed development in contemporary Ethiopia

Abstract The ‘global land rush’ or ‘global land grabbing’ phenomena has prompted concerns over the potential of large-scale land acquisitions to displace rural populations and impact food security in lesser-developed countries. State actors often assert that lands being leased to investors are ‘marginal’, ‘wasteland’, ‘barren’, or ‘unused’ without explicitly stating the criteria that are used to classify those spaces. Using Ethiopia as a case study, this paper synthesizes semi-structured interviews and geospatial land-use data to unpack the federal government’s notion of ‘marginal land’ to investigate how land qualifies for deposition into a federal land bank set aside for future investment and the agro-ecological characteristics and human-environment interactions endemic to these areas. We find that government officials conceive land bank areas to be generally fertile but currently ‘unused’. In reality, we find land bank areas: (1) are used by pastoralists or rural people practicing land extensive forms of cultivation that are only loosely integrated into the Ethiopian state, (2) overlap with protected areas such as National Parks, and (3) are located in places that have surface water resources the government intends to use for large-scale development such as irrigation or hydropower projects. We argue that the intended land uses of banked lands serve not only to fulfill larger development objectives but also increase state-accessible product produced in these areas strengthening the link between ‘othering’ labels, development, and state-making in the context of the global land rush.
Improved Cycling Performance of a Si Nanoparticle Anode Utilizing Citric Acid as a Surface-Modifying Agent

Citric acid and its analogues have been investigated as surface-modifying agents for Si nanoparticle anodes using electrochemical cycling, attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A Si nanoparticle anode prepared with citric acid (CA) has better capacity retention than one containing 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BA), but both electrodes outperform Si-PVDF. The Si-CA anode has an initial specific capacity of 3530 mA h/g and a first cycle efficiency of 82%. Surprisingly, the Si-CA electrode maintains a high specific capacity of ∼2200 mA h/g after 250 cycles, corresponding to 64% capacity retention, which is similar to the Si prepared with long-chain poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). On the contrary, the silicon electrode prepared with PVDF has a fast capacity fade and retains only 980 mA h/g after 50 cycles. The IR and XPS data show that the Si-CA electrode has an SEI composed primarily of lithium citrate during the first 50 cycles, resulting from the electr...
Stable nocturnal spectral characteristics over a vineyard (Conference Presentation)

Vineyards are agricultural surfaces that present a unique structural perturbation to the mean wind flow. As part of the Grape Remote Sensing Atmospheric Profiling and Evapotranspiration Experiment (GRAPEX) a 10-m profile tower of three sonic anemometers at 2, 3.75 and 8 m above ground level in in a mature vineyard having was deployed to measure high frequency diurnal variations of 3-dimensional velocity components (u, v, w) and temperature (T) throughout the growing season. Previous work has been published involving eddy covariance measurements in vineyards but these mostly represented convective daytime unstable conditions. Significantly less has been published about turbulence in vineyards during stable nocturnal periods. Hence, in this study we focused on the nocturnal stable periods under clear skies and relatively light winds typical of the northern portion of California's Central Valley. Our objective was to characterize and evaluate turbulent exchange processes in the layer near the top of a vine canopy during nocturnal periods which are often characterized by weak and intermittent turbulence. Spectra, cospectra and coherence plots were evaluated for nocturnal periods. The spectra suggest there are periods of intermittent turbulence with features indicative of local and regional scale processes. Additionally the impact of the vine structure and spacing on slow meandering flows enhance the decomposition of organized turbulent eddies resulting in intricate mechanical turbulence generated by intermittent eddies that are rapidly decomposed as eddies interact with the vine structure and spacing. Preliminary results will be discussed that provide insight into turbulence characteristics at several heights above a canopy vineyard as affected by vine structure and spacing, wind speed, direction and stable conditions.
The Dog Days of Winter: Indigenous Dogs, Indian Hunters, and Wintertime Subsistence in the Northeast

Abstract Prior to European settlement, indigenous members of the species Canis lupus familiaris (Domestic Dog) was, aside from humans, the most common large predator in the North American northeast. Dogs served Indian communities throughout the year, but their value increased over the winter. Light enough to run over packed snow, Domestic Dogs chased down Alces alces (Moose) and Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer). They protected food stores from vermin, provided warmth at night, and acted as a meat source during times of dearth. Domestic Dogs facilitated the fur trade by sniffing out the frozen lodges of Castor canadensis (Beaver). Although they often hunted and scavenged autonomously, it was through their symbiotic partnership with humans that indigenous Dogs helped to define the Northeast's early modern ecology.
General variable neighborhood search algorithm to minimize makespan of the distributed no-wait flow shop scheduling problem

This paper addresses minimizing makespan of the distributed no-wait flow shop scheduling problem where there are several identical factories that work in parallel. There are jobs with series of operations that should be allocated to one of these factories and all operations of jobs should be performed in the allocated factories. After starting the first operation of the job, all other operations of the job should be processed without any interruption or delay. The goal is finding allocation and sequence of jobs on each factory such that the completion time of the last job processed in the system is minimized. For the addressed problem, several heuristics available in the literature developed to solve the classical no-wait flowshop scheduling problem have been extended to the addressed problem. Due to NP-hard nature of the addressed problem, a metaheuristic algorithm called General Variable Neighbourhood Search (GVNS) has been proposed which similar to Variable Neighbourhood Search (VNS) algorithm has shaking procedure and local search algorithm but the severity of the shaking procedure depending on the progress of incumbent solution changes. Also, time-saving strategies that allow focusing on promising movements in the search algorithm, as well as the shaking producer of the proposed GVNS algorithm, are incorporated. The performance of the heuristic algorithms and GVNS thorough comprehensive benchmark problems are presented.
Harnessing Supramolecular and Peptidic Self-Assembly for the Construction of Reinforced Polymeric Tissue Scaffolds.

The repair and regeneration of the body’s tissue using polymeric materials remains a main focus of biomaterials research. While hydrogels and elastomers have shown biocompatibility and high extensibility, they lack the required toughness to host proliferating cells. As the need for robust polymeric scaffolds grows, new technologies must emerge to meet the stringent physical and biological needs of proliferating cells. To this end, the utilization of self-assembling motifs allows for the construction of versatile networks in which cells can grow. In this review, we discuss emerging techniques that harness the assembling capabilities of synthetic supramolecular and natural peptide motifs to construct mechanically robust elastomers and hydrogel scaffolds. In particular, we focus on how the design and structure impact their mechanical properties and interaction with the cellular environment.
Hospital-Based End-of-Life Care and Costs for Older Patients With Malignant Brain Tumors

This study analyzes Medicare claims data associated with end-of-life hospitalization care and costs for elderly patients with a malignant brain tumor.
Using mathematical analyses activities to improve manipulative discrimination in early childhood teacher education

ABSTRACTThis article reports on the findings of manipulative analyses performed by preservice and in-service teachers in an early childhood teacher education program mathematics methods course. The activities are intended to model and promote mathematical analyses for better discrimination between mathematics manipulatives by early childhood teachers. Findings suggest that these activities elicit varied analyses by the teachers related to practical and pedagogical issues, but are initially lacking in mathematical considerations. Through modeling and practice, they do include mathematical considerations, possibly shifting their beliefs regarding manipulatives away from the common assumption that manipulatives will result in automatic learning. The depth of these analyses, though, suggests that greater focus is required in building a stronger content knowledge base.
A pilot study of cabergoline for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

The prolactin (PRL) receptor is over-expressed in breast cancer, and pre-clinical data indicate that it contributes to breast oncogenesis. Cabergoline is a potent dopamine receptor agonist of D2 receptors and has a direct inhibitory effect on pituitary PRL secretion. A phase II study of cabergoline in patients with metastatic breast cancer was conducted. The primary end point of the study was to determine the clinical benefit rate (CBR) at 2 months. Eligible patients had tumors of any receptor status with no limit of prior lines of therapy. Measurable and unmeasurable diseases were allowed. Cabergoline 1 mg orally, twice weekly (1 cycle = 4 weeks) was given until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. PRL receptor immunohistochemical staining was performed on available baseline tumor tissue; serial serum PRL levels were assessed. Twenty women were enrolled; 18 were evaluable for CBR. Tumor receptor status was distributed as follows: HR−any/HER2+ 2(10%), HR+/HER2− 18 (90%). The CBR was 33% (6/18), median progression free survival was 1.8 months, and median overall survival was 10.4 months. Two patients experienced disease control for over 12 months. Most common treatment-related adverse events were nausea (30%), fatigue (25%), and elevation in alkaline phosphatase (15%). Nine patients had baseline tissue for analysis; there was no association between baseline tumor PRL receptor expression and clinical benefit (p = 0.24). Change in serum PRL level and response were not correlated after 2 months of treatment (p = 0.64). Cabergoline was well tolerated, and while the ORR was low, a small subset of patients experienced extended disease control.
The Endocannabinoid System and Chronic Disease: Opportunity for Innovative Therapies

Abstract Knowledge of the endocannabinoid system is relatively new and lacks depth. Regardless of the lack of knowledge about how the endocannabinoid system works, why it may be activated or inhibited, or what effects it may have, recent evidence suggests that an understanding of the endocannabinoid system could be extremely important in preventing, managing, or even treating certain chronic conditions. An inadequate understanding of many neurological disorders leads to poor health outcomes for many individuals due to a lack of effective therapies for treating disorders that are complex and poorly understood. As more knowledge is gained about the endocannabinoid system, more therapies that treat symptoms and may even reverse some conditions are developed, but many uses of the endocannabinoid system are only theories at this time. The opportunities for viable therapeutic treatments that focus on the endocannabinoid system provide strong justification for increasing research of the endocannabinoid system.
Hitting the Spot: The Promise of Protein Microarrays

With the thrust of scientific endeavormoving from genomics to proteomics, the protein array provides a powerful means by which to examine hundreds to thousands of proteins in parallel. A result of the many genome projects has been the advance of automation and robotic procedures to manipulate biomolecules using a high-throughput, systematic approach. The promise of the protein microarray is the ability to interrogate a large number of proteins simultaneously in a high-density format for disease diagnosis, prognosis or efficacy of therapeutic regime as well as for biochemical analysis. Similar to aDNAmicroarray, each spot on a protein array can be identified based on its addressability on the planar surface.
Tracking senescence‐induced patterns in leaf litter leachate using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling and self‐organizing maps

In autumn, the dissolved organic matter (DOM) contribution of leaf litter leachate to streams in forested watersheds changes as trees undergo resorption, senescence, and leaf abscission. Despite its biogeochemical importance, little work has investigated how leaf litter leachate DOM changes throughout autumn and how any changes might differ inter- and intraspecifically. Since climate change is expected to cause vegetation migration, it is necessary to learn how changes in forest composition could affect DOM inputs via leaf litter leachate. We examined changes in leaf litter leachate fluorescent DOM (FDOM) from American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) leaves in Maryland, Rhode Island, Vermont, and North Carolina and from yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) leaves from Maryland. FDOM in leachate samples was characterized by excitation-emission matrices (EEMs). A six-component parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model was created to identify components that accounted for the majority of the variation in the dataset. Self-organizing maps (SOM) compared the PARAFAC component proportions of leachate samples. Phenophase and species exerted much stronger influence on the determination of a sample's SOM placement than geographic origin. As expected, FDOM from all trees transitioned from more protein-like components to more humic-like components with senescence. Percent greenness of sampled leaves and the proportion of tyrosine-like component 1 were found to be significantly different between the two genetic beech clusters, suggesting differences in photosynthesis and resorption. Our results highlight the need to account for inter- and intraspecific variations in leaf litter leachate FDOM throughout autumn when examining the influence of allochthonous inputs to streams.
Social work in the Department of Defense hospital: impact, role, and interventions.

ABSTRACTFor the social worker in the Department of Defense hospital numerous challenges are faced and met while serving the nation's wounded. As an integral part of the multidisciplinary medical team, social workers perform vital services and function in diverse roles. The survey research reported in this article details some of the roles and functions performed by social workers, noting the impact, challenges, and rewards they identified when considering their work. In addition, various intervention modalities that the social workers utilize on a regular basis were identified. One hundred forty-one social workers in over 26 treatment facilities were surveyed in settings across the United States. A large percentage of those surveyed work at least 50% of their time with OEF/OEF soldiers and their families.
Non-Newtonian Phenomena in Shear Flow

We present mathematical results that are needed to analyse novel phenomena occurring in dynamic shearing flows of highly elastic and viscous non-Newtonian fluids. The key property of solutions to the time-dependent, quasilinear partial differential equations that are used to model such flows is a non-monotonic relation between the steady shear stress and strain rate. The phenomena discussed may lead to material instabilities that could disrupt polymer processing.
Dealing with North Korea: The case of the agreed framework

The “Agreed Framework,” a deal that the United States and the DPRK cut in Geneva in October 1994 on the North Korean nuclear issue, now approaches the first of its check points to pass a test as to whether it really has a chance to survive. The United States is required to secure by April 21, 1995, a “supply contract” for the provision to North Korea of a light water reactor project as a quid pro quo for North Korea’s eventual dismantlement of its suspected nuclear weapons program over a period of ten or more years. With the reactor issue looming as but the tip of the iceberg that results from the many “ambiguities” and “omissions” of the Agreed Framework, the United States now enters a stage where it will have to brace for another wave of North Korea’s “diplomatic brinkmanship” featured again by threats of reneging on the Agreed Framework and involving the United States in a renewed military conflict on the Korean peninsula.
The Oxygenation of Blood in Artificial Membrane Devices

The use of an extracorporeal “heart-lung machine” system to replace heart and lung function in a surgical patient is anincreasingly common event in medicine today. The most widely-used gas exchange devices (artificial lungs) in the heart-lung systems are still of the type that contact the blood directly with the gas phase, even though it is well known that prolonged exposure of blood to this high-energy interface causes toxic degradation (8, 30, 37) resulting in an unusually high mortality rate for procedures longer than a few hours duration. Presumably the reason for the continued use of gas contact devices is that rapid surgical procedures have been developed and taking into account factors such as reliability, cost, and convenience, surgeons find the gas contact devices to be adequate. For the long term support of a patient, however, it is agreed that direct gas contact devices cannot be used (15, 25, 29, 37).
Baker, Abraham (Abe) B

American neurologist and neuropathologist Abraham (Abe) Bert Baker (1908–88) was instrumental in founding the American Academy of Neurology and served as a catalyst for the emergence of neurology as a strong independent medical discipline in the USA in the second half of the twentieth century. Baker recruited fellow neurologists Russell N. DeJong (1907–90), Francis M. Forster (1912–2006), and Adolph Sahs (1906–86) to collaborate in founding the Academy. Collectively they became known as ‘the Four Horsemen.’ Baker then served as the first president of the Academy from 1948 to 1951. During that time period Baker was also instrumental in garnering support for the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, which was founded in 1950 and later evolved into the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
A randomized controlled-feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indexes

Background The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend nutrient needs be met by increasing fruit, vegetable, and whole-grain intake with the use of low-fat or fat-free dairy products and by reducing sodium, solid fats, and added sugars. However, the DGA, as a dietary pattern, have not been tested in an intervention trial. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a DGA-based diet compared with a representative typical American diet (TAD) on glucose homeostasis and fasting lipids in individuals at risk of cardiometabolic disease. Design A randomized, double-blind, controlled 8-wk intervention was conducted in overweight and obese women selected according to indexes of insulin resistance or dyslipidemia. Women were randomly assigned to the DGA or TAD group (n = 28 DGA and 24 TAD). The TAD diet was based on average adult intake from the NHANES 2009-2010. The DGA and TAD diets had respective Healthy Eating Index scores of 98 and 62. All foods and beverages were provided during the intervention. Oral-glucose tolerance and fasting lipids were evaluated at 0, 2, and 8 wk of the intervention. Insulin resistance and sensitivity were estimated with the use of surrogates (e.g., homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). Results By design, volunteers maintained their weight during the intervention. Fasting insulin, glucose, triglycerides, oral-glucose tolerance, and indexes of insulin resistance were not affected by either of the diets. Systolic blood pressure decreased in the DGA group (∼-9 mm Hg; P < 0.05). Total and HDL cholesterol also decreased in both groups (P < 0.05). Exploratory analysis comparing volunteers entering the study with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia with those with only dyslipidemia did not show an effect of pre-existing conditions on glucose tolerance or fasting lipid outcomes. Conclusions The consumption of a DGA dietary pattern for 8 wk without weight loss reduced systolic blood pressure. There were no differences between the DGA and TAD diets in fasting insulin, glucose, indexes of insulin resistance, or fasting lipids. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02298725.
The physiological significance of the circadian dynamics of the HPA axis: Interplay between circadian rhythms, allostasis and stress resilience.

Abstract Circadian time-keeping mechanisms preserve homeostasis by synchronizing internal physiology with predictable variations in the environment and temporally organize the activation of physiological signaling mechanisms to promote survival and optimize the allocation of energetic resources. In this paper, we highlight the importance of the robust circadian dynamics of allostatic mediators, with a focus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, for the optimal regulation of host physiology and in enabling organisms to adequately respond and adapt to physiological stressors. We review studies showing how the chronic disruption of circadian rhythms can result in the accumulation of allostatic load, which impacts the appropriate functioning of physiological systems and diminishes the resilience of internal systems to adequately respond to subsequent stressors. A careful consideration of circadian rhythm dynamics leads to a more comprehensive characterization of individual variability in allostatic load and stress resilience. Finally, we suggest that the restoration of circadian rhythms after pathological disruption can enable the re-engagement of allostatic mechanisms and re-establish stress resilience.
Shape-Selective Optical Transformations of CdSe Nanoplatelets Driven by Halide Ion Ligand Exchange

Treatment of CdSe nanoplatelets with halide salts induces a bathochromic shift in the absorption resonances that does not occur in quasi-spherical quantum dots of the same composition. The optical ...
Determinants of the lung microbiome in intubated premature infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Background: Airway dysbiosis in premature infants may be associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Early oropharyngeal colostrum (OPC) administration alters the oral microbiome, which may i...
Skeletal impact of 17β-estradiol in T cell-deficient mice: age-dependent bone effects and osteosarcoma formation

Estrogen (E2)-dependent ER+ breast cancer, the most common breast cancer subtype, is also the most likely to metastasize to bone and form osteolytic lesions. However, ER+ breast cancer bone metastasis human xenograft models in nude mice are rarely studied due to complexities associated with distinguishing possible tumoral vs. bone microenvironmental effects of E2. To address this knowledge gap, we systematically examined bone effects of E2 in developing young (4-week-old) vs. skeletally mature (15-week-old) female Foxn1nu nude mice supplemented with commercial 60-day slow-release E2 pellets and doses commonly used for ER+ xenograft models. E2 pellets (0.05–0.72 mg) were implanted subcutaneously and longitudinal changes in hind limb bones (vs. age-matched controls) were determined over 6 weeks by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), microCT, radiographic imaging, and histology, concurrent with assessment of serum levels of E2 and bone turnover markers. All E2 doses tested induced significant and identical increases in bone density (BMD) and volume (BV/TV) in 4-week-old mice with high bone turnover, increasing bone mineral content (BMC) while suppressing increases in bone area (BA). E2 supplementation, which caused dose-dependent changes in circulating E2 that were not sustained, also led to more modest increases in BMD and BV/TV in skeletally mature 15-week-old mice. Notably, E2-supplementation induced osteolytic osteosarcomas in a subset of mice independent of age. These results demonstrate that bone effects of E2 supplementation should be accounted for when assessing ER+ human xenograft bone metastases models.
Association of Dietary Magnesium Intake with Fatal Coronary Heart Disease and Sudden Cardiac Death

Background: Postmenopausal women represent the highest population-based burden of cardiovascular disease, including sudden cardiac death (SCD). Our understanding of the etiology and risk factors co...
Pseudoaneurysm of the Superficial Temporal Artery After Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Device Placement: Case Report of a Rare Complication

Background and importance Pseudoaneurysms involving the superficial temporal artery (STA), either iatrogenic or caused by direct trauma, are rare. The STA is prone to injury due to its long course throughout the scalp. Injuries can cause cosmetic defects and/or skin breakdown leading to further complications. Clinical presentation We report a case of delayed iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm of the STA after placement of an intracranial pressure monitor in the setting of acute traumatic brain injury. The patient had a delayed development of a pulsatile mass over his right frontal region, with computed tomography angiography concerning for a pseudoaneurysm of the STA. This was managed with surgical resection with complete resolution of symptoms at follow-up. Conclusion We review the literature regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, and management of these lesions. While iatrogenic injuries to the STA have been previously reported, this is a curious case related to placement of an intracranial pressure monitor. We recommend direct surgical resection of the pseudoaneurysm for cosmetic effect and prevention of further wound breakdown.
Computational design and fabrication of highly customizable architectural space frames: Making a flat-cut Weaire-Phelan structure:

This paper documents a computational approach to the design, fabrication, and assembly of customizable space structures built entirely out of flat-cut interlocking elements without the need of node...
Covariation Between Brain Function (MEG) and Structure (DTI) Differentiates Adolescents with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder from Typically Developing Controls.

Abstract The behavioral, cognitive, and sensory difficulties experienced by individuals exposed to alcohol prenatally currently fail to provide early identification for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Attempting to advance this pursuit through a multivariate analysis, we collected magnetoencephalography (MEG) data during auditory, somatosensory, visual paradigms, DTI, and behavior in adolescents ages 12–21 years (FASD: N = 13; HC: N = 20). We assessed the relationship between brain function (MEG) and structure (fractional anisotropy (FA)) utilizing joint independent component analysis (jICA), and examined how this measure relates to behavior. We identified 5 components that reveal group differences in co-variation between MEG and FA. For example, component 5 (t = 3.162, p = 0.003, Hedges’ g = 1.13) contained MEG activity corresponding to all three sensory modalities, most robustly in occipital lobes, and DTI-derived cerebellar FA, underlying the role of the cerebellum in sensory processing. Further, in HCs component 5’s loading factor was positively correlated with verbal ability (r = 0.646, p = 0.002), indicating higher covariation was associated with better verbal performance. Interestingly, this relationship is lacking in FASD (r = 0.009, p = 0.979). Also, component 5 loading factor negatively correlated with impulsivity (r = −0.527, p = 0.002), indicating that stronger function-structure associations were associated with individuals with lower impulsivity. These findings suggest that multimodal integration of MEG and FA provides novel associations between structure and function that may help differentiate adolescents with FASD from HC.
Evaluation of Pragmatic Telehealth Physical Therapy Implementation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective The objective was to evaluate implementation of telehealth physical therapy in response to COVID-19 and identify implementation strategies to maintain and scale up telehealth physical therapy within a large urban academic medical center. Methods The Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework was used to evaluate telehealth physical therapy implementation. Patient-level data were extracted from electronic medical records between March 16, 2020, and May 16, 2020 (implementation phase). Reach was defined as the proportion of physical therapy sessions completed via telehealth. Effectiveness was assessed using a patient-reported satisfaction survey with a 5-point Likert scale. Adoption was defined as the proportion of physical therapists who used telehealth. Implementation was assessed through qualitative analysis of patient and clinician perspectives to identify emergent themes, retrospectively classify strategies used during the implementation phase, and prospectively identify evidence-based strategies to increase telehealth maintenance and scale-up. Maintenance of telehealth was defined as the proportion of patients who indicated they would attend another telehealth session. Results There were 4548 physical therapy sessions provided by 40 therapists from March 22, 2020, to May 16, 2020, of which 3883 (85%) were telehealth. Ninety-four percent of patients were satisfied. All physical therapists (100%) used telehealth technology at least once. Retrospectively classified and prospectively identified evidence-based strategies were organized into 5 qualitative themes that supported implementation: organizational factors (policies, preexisting partnerships), engaging external stakeholders (satisfaction survey), champions (clinician leaders), clinician education (dynamic, ongoing training), and process (promote adaptability, small tests of change). Ninety-two percent of patients reported they would attend another telehealth session. Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that implementation of telehealth physical therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic was feasible and acceptable in this setting. Impact These results can be used to guide future health policy, quality improvement, and implementation science initiatives to expand the use and study of telehealth for physical therapy.
Development of a PPG Sensor Array as a Wearable Device to Monitor Cardiovascular Metrics

Wearable devices with integrated sensors for tracking human vitals are widely used for a variety of applications, including exercise, wellness, and health monitoring. Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors use pulse oximetry to measure pulse rate, cardiac cycle, oxygen saturation, and blood flow by passing a beam of variable wavelength through the skin and measuring its reflection. A multichannel PPG wearable system was developed to include multiple nodes of pulse oximeters, each capable of using different wavelengths of light. The system used sensor fusion to perform feature extraction of relevant cardiovascular metrics across multiple pulse oximeters. The wearable system was applied to the plant of the foot for vascular assessment. Wearable PPG systems capable of sensor fusion show promise as continuous methods for the evaluation of wounds and diseases associated with abnormal blood flow.
Abstract 17161: Type and Intensity of Strategies to Reduce Readmissions Under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Were Not Associated With Improvements in Readmission Rates

Background: Little is known about what strategies are associated with improvements in hospital readmissions under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program. Objective: To determine whether the ty...
Near‐ultraviolet and blue spectral observations of sprites in the 320–460 nm region: N2 (2PG) emissions

[1] A near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectrograph (320–460 nm) was flown on the EXL98 aircraft sprite observation campaign during July 1998. In this wavelength range video rate (60 fields/sec) spectrographic observations found the NUV and blue emissions to be predominantly N2 (2PG). The negligible level of N2+ (1NG) present in the spectrum is confirmed by observations of a co-aligned, narrowly filtered 427.8 nm imager and is in agreement with previous ground-based filtered photometer observations. The synthetic spectral fit to the observations indicates a characteristic energy of ∼1.8 eV, in agreement with our other NUV observations.
Determining and Communicating Weather Risk in The New Drone Economy

Adverse weather disrupts routine manned aviation operations causing congestion, flight delays and economic losses. However worldwide air travel remains relatively safe and accidents are infrequent due to robust weather observation infrastructure, air traffic management services and regulatory oversight agencies that prioritize a culture of safety. While the introduction and adoption of Unmanned Aircraft Systems is unleashing a new generation of products and services across the world, many unique challenges remain in ensuring safe and efficient flights under unfavorable weather conditions, opening up new areas of research and development. This paper discusses some of these research topics and presents progress being made by the authors in developing end-to-end weather observation and avoidance systems.