cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theoretical investigation of the vibrational structure of the Ar–CO2 complex

Abstract We develop a new flexible-monomer two-body ab initio potential energy surface (PES) for the Ar − CO 2 complex. The accuracy of this new potential function is validated by its agreement in the vibrational spectrum of the complex. Vibrational self-consistent field theory (VSCF) and vibrational configuration interaction (VCI) theory were employed to solve the complete vibrational Hamiltonian, including both intermolecular and intramolecular degrees of freedom. We observe excellent agreement with theoretical and experimental results for the vibrational energy levels in the Terahertz region. In the intramolecular region, we confirm the slight splitting of the bending modes of the CO 2 monomer, where the in-plane bend is 0.83 cm−1 less energetic than the out-of-plane mode. We also explore the combination bands in the asymmetric stretching region of the CO 2 monomer that involve the intermolecular motions, and show that these results compare favorably to the fundamental intermolecular vibrational energy levels.
Hostage Negotiations in Lieu of Armed Assault

The failed attempt to rescue hostages during the 1972 Olympics in Munich Germany led to the unnecessary and terrible loss of lives of both hostages and captors. Ever since then, great efforts have been undertaken by law enforcement professionals and researchers to develop clear protocols to help insure the safety of all involved parties. Negotiations, one tactic among several, represents a non-violent alternative to armed assault that can be used to obtain the safe release of hostages and the capture of unharmed hostage takers. Drawing on my forty year career experience in California Corrections, this paper argues for the power of dialogue as an essential tool for the peaceful resolution of a crisis involving people, including hostage situations. Examining six notorious case studies of hostage situations from 1972 to the present, this work highlights a number of negotiation strategies. These six events exemplify both peaceful and tragic outcomes, making it clear that all too often the outcome corresponds directly to how effectively conflict-resolution and negotiation tactics are employed. Through analysis and critique of these case studies, this work makes evident that the attitude of the team leadership, as well as the amount of cooperation and coordination between the negotiation team and the assault team, proves critical to the peaceful resolution of a hostage situation and to the saving of lives.
Patterns of Bone Mineral Density Testing

OBJECTIVES: To identify potential obstacles to bone mineral density (BMD) testing, we performed a structured review of current osteoporosis screening guidelines, studies of BMD testing patterns, and interventions to increase BMD testing.
So Long the Journey: A Study of Women in the American West

Prior to the last few decades of the twentieth century, the story of Westward expansion in the United States had centered on the heroic endeavors of men. Women's activities were viewed as peripheral, and scholars largely ignored their contributions in rearing families, and establishing communities and businesses in rural outposts. This paper will examine a selection of the most influential literature on the subject in order to frame the topic within the larger study of that of the American West. It will argue that despite the assumption of non-traditional roles assumed by women while in the West, they generally always sought to uphold accepted contemporary notions of virtuous womanhood and femininity. These women should not be seen as the pre-cursors to an early feminist movement, but as mothers, wives, and daughters working to adapt to the harsh environment in which they found themselves.
A diffusion model for the control of a multipurpose reservoir system

This paper develops a methodology for optimizing operation of a multipurpose reservoir with a finite capacity V. The input of water into the reservoir is a Wiener process with positive drift. There are n purposes for which water is demanded. Water may be released from the reservoir at any rate, and the release rate can be increased or decreased instantaneously with zero cost. In addition to the reservoir, a supplementary source of water can supply an unlimited amount of water demanded during any period of time. There is a cost of Ci dollars per unit of demand supplied by the supplementary source to the ith purpose (i = 1, 2, …, n). At any time, the demand rate Ri associated with the ith purpose (i = 1, 2, …, n) must be supplied. A controller must continually decide the amount of water to be supplied by the reservoir for each purpose, while the remaining demand will be supplied through the supplementary source with the appropriate costs. We consider the problem of specifying an output policy which minimizes the long run average cost per unit time.
The Social Relations Model

Publisher Summary The Social Relations Model represents one method of studying two-person relationships. It attempts to separate the effects of persons and dyad. The Social Relations Model has three potential contributions to the study of dyads. First, it provides a purely methodological-statistical solution to the analysis of dyadic data. The Social Relations Model represents a new approach to the analysis of dyadic data structures. Second, the model can provide social psychology with better procedures to resolve the theoretical issues of the discipline. Third, the model is useful because it looks at social behavior as simultaneously operating at multiple levels. Very different principles operate at these different levels and only by simultaneously examining social behavior at different levels, the complexity and simplicity of social life can be fully appreciated.
Totem and taboo in the grocery store: quasi-religious foodways in North America

This article focuses on food proscriptions such as veganism and gluten-free eating, and prescriptions such as the Paleolithic diet, focusing on the North American context. These quasi-religious foodways serve as means for individuals to engage in discourses of community, personal and group identity, and boundary-marking. Through the daily practice of eating, those who follow quasi-religious foodways mark their identities, literally consuming who they are. These quasi-religious foodways therefore function to allow contemporary consumer-oriented individualistic Americans to engage in discourses of community, identity, and meaning in a highly vernacular manner, that of the marketplace. They also point to the manner in which identity and community have expanded well outside of religious categories.
Demonstration of Ribosomes in Mesosomes Associated with Bacillus subtilis Protoplasts

Abstract The physiological differences between Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) cells derived from a glucose-salts-yeast extract (GSY) medium and those of cells from tryptose broth permitted the identification of variables in protoplasting environments which noticeably affected the clarity of mesosomal ribosomes. They were the sucrose and magnesium ion concentrations and the type of buffer used. The environment suitable for conversion of GSY cells to the protoplast state was a 0.02 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-hydrochloride buffer, pH 7.2, containing 0.6 M sucrose and 0.03 M MgCl2. Branched mesosomal tubules and a unique organization of vesicles were detected in thin sections and in negative stains of the specimens. Ribosomes were demonstrable in the extruded structures associated with protoplasts that had been prepared according to four fixation schedules and embedded in either of two epoxy plastics. Adjustments in the fixation schedules improved the clarity of the large bodies of protoplast cytoplasm to a degree equivalent to that of their dangling appendages.
Nanofluids with encapsulated tin nanoparticles for advanced heat transfer and thermal energy storage

SUMMARY Novel high-temperature heat transfer fluids (HTFs) with incorporated phase change nanomaterials were synthesized and tested for heat transfer and thermal energy storage. The advanced thermal properties were achieved by preparing a nanofluid consisting of core/shell silica encapsulated tin (Sn/SiO2) nanoparticles dispersed in a synthetic HTF Therminol 66 (TH66) at loadings up to 5 vol%. Tin nanoparticles were synthesized by modified polyole reduction method followed by sol–gel silica encapsulation process. The measured increase in thermal conductivity of the nanofluid (~13% at 5 vol%) was in agreement with Maxwell's effective medium theory. Latent heat of phase change during melting of Sn core added ~11% increase to the volumetric thermal energy storage of the nanofluid when cycled in between 100°C and 270°C. The value could be further improved if thermal cycling is conducted in a narrower temperature range. The experimental results demonstrated dual functionality of the engineered nanofluids as desired for Concentrated Solar Power systems. Viscosity and stability of the nanofluids as well as thermal stability of core/shell nanomaterials) were investigated in a wide temperature range to obtain a perspective on any additional pumping power requirements for the nanofluid over the base fluid. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organization and evolution of naphthalene catabolic pathways: sequence of the DNA encoding 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate isomerase and trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate hydratase-aldolase from the NAH7 plasmid.

Abstract The sequence of a 2,437-bp DNA segment from the naphthalene upper catabolic pathway operon of plasmid NAH7 was determined. This segment contains three large open reading frames designated nahQ', nahE, and nahD. The first of these is the 3' end of an open reading frame that has no known function, the second (993 bp) encodes trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate hydratase-aldolase (deduced molecular weight, 36,640), and the third (609 bp) encodes 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate isomerase (deduced molecular weight, 23,031). This DNA has a high degree of sequence homology (greater than 91% for the first 2161 bp) with a DNA segment from the dox (dibenzothiophene oxidation) operon of Pseudomonas sp. strain C18, which encodes a pathway analogous to that encoded by NAH7. However, 84 bp downstream from nahD, the last gene in the nah operon, this homology ends. This 84-bp sequence at the downstream end of nah and dox homology has 76% homology to a sequence that occurs just upstream of the nah promoter in NAH7. These directly repeated 84-bp sequences thus encompass the upper-pathway nah operon and constitute the ends of a highly conserved region.
SIR-C flight hardware: design objectives, actual performance, and suggestions for future applications

The extremely successful flight of the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) on STS-59 and STS-68 missions in 1994 has provided a wealth of multiparameter data for evaluating the use of spaceborne imaging radars in Earth science and applications. At conception, in 1985, SIR-C was designed as the evolutionary step between the previous single parameter imaging radars and a multiparameter imaging radar to be flown in permanent Earth orbit. Within this scenario, SIR-C included multifrequency and full polarimetry with a system architecture amenable to graceful degradation over long time periods in space. Included in the design was electronic beam steering to provide not only diversity in viewing geometry but also to investigate beam scanning for wide area coverage at reduced resolution. This paper focuses on the flight hardware with emphasis on the driving design parameters, the system architecture, inflight performance, and some experiences relative to future applications.
Marine invasion history and vector analysis of California: a hotspot for western North America

Aim We examine the regional dominance of California as a beachhead for marine biological invasions in western North America and assess the relative contribution of different transfer mechanisms to invasions over time.
Continuous-time Monte Carlo and spatial ordering in driven lattice gases: Application to driven vortices in periodic superconducting networks

We consider the two-dimensional 2D classical lattice Coulomb gas as a model for magnetic field induced vortices in 2D superconducting networks. Two different dynamical rules are introduced to investigate driven diffusive steady states far from equilibrium as a function of temperature and driving force. The resulting steady states differ dramatically depending on which dynamical rule is used. We show that the commonly used driven diffusive Metropolis Monte Carlo dynamics contains unphysical intrinsic randomness that destroys the spatial ordering present in equilibrium the vortex lattice over most of the driven phase diagram. A continuous time Monte Carlo CTMC method is then developed, which results in spatially ordered driven states at low temperature in finite sized systems. We show that CTMC is the natural discretization of continuum Langevin dynamics, and argue that it gives the correct physical behavior when the discrete grid represents the minima of a periodic potential. We use detailed finite size scaling methods to analyze the spatial structure of the steady states. We find that finite size effects can be subtle and that very long simulation times can be needed to arrive at the correct steady state. For particles moving on a triangular grid, we find that the ordered moving state is a transversely pinned smectic that becomes unstable to an anisotropic liquid on sufficiently large length scales. For particles moving on a square grid, the moving state is a similar smectic at large drives, but we find evidence for a possible moving solid at lower drives. We find that the driven liquid on the square grid has long range hexatic order, and we explain this as a specifically nonequilibrium effect. We show that, in the liquid, fluctuations about the average center of mass motion are diffusive in both the transverse and longitudinal directions.
Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1990

Abstract The 1990 hurricane season is summarized, including accounts of individual storms. Fourteen tropical stormswere tracked of which eight became hurricanes. Only one storm, Marco, hit the United States.
Understanding the Anchoring Group Effect of Molecular Diodes on Rectification

This paper describes the anchoring group effect of molecular diodes on rectifying behavior. Two molecular diodes with different anchoring groups, which are based on diblock co-oligomeric structures, have been synthesized and characterized. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements revealed the correlation of rectifying effects in these molecular diodes with anchoring groups such as thiol and isocyanide. The combination of theoretical calculation and experimental results on these molecular diodes demonstrated that the rectifying effect could be affected by the nature of anchoring groups due to the bond dipoles at the interface and internal polarization inside the molecules.
The influence of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on pilocarpine-induced parotid secretions of the rat

Abstract The effects of Δ 9 -THC and its ethanol vehicle on pilocarpine-induced parotid gland secretions were investigated in rats. Single doses of Δ 9 -THC (1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) or 95% ethanol were administered i.v. prior to pilocarpine stimulation of saliva. Total flow, α-amylase and cation content of the induced saliva were determined at the end of the collection period; while heart rate and blood pressure were monitored throughout each experiment. The ethanol vehicle did not alter any of the parameters when compared to the pilocarpine controls. Δ 9 -THC produced a bradycardia and hypotension which was not dose related in spontaneously breathing rats. Furthermore Δ 9 -THC caused an increase in α-amylase concentration without a reduction in salivary flow. The results suggest that Δ 9 -THC exerts a profound influence on the protein composition of parotid secretion which is independent of its cardiovascular effects and its ethanol vehicle.
On the definition of feedback

The paper discusses the lack of a commonly accepted definition of the concept of feedback in management theory, dealing with communications networks and decision processes in living systems at the organization level. It proposes a general definition. It deals with living systems at the organization level, including the total system and all subsystems. Implications of the proposed definition to current conceptualizations of feedback processes in management are explored.
Identification of spectral landmarks on the single fiber action potential waveform for unit tracking

Highly selective indwelling neuroprosthetic interfaces are able to detect minute electrical signals from the nerve fibers in its vicinity as single fiber action potential (SFAP) waveforms. In the peripheral nervous system, each SFAP has a unique shape resulting from each fiber's unique microelectrical interaction between itself, it's mileau and the recording electrode. Two specific factors, the nerve fiber's position relative to electrode and its conduction velocity, greatly influence the SFAP shape. Thus, we hypothesize that these two factors embedded in the SFAP could be ultimately extracted and used as a means to non-destructively assess the health of each nerve-electrode couple in chronically implanted neural interfaces. Here, we present a method for estimation of these two factors through quantitative spectral analysis of the SFAP shape in intrafascicular recordings from the rabbit sciatic nerve.
Opportunities to improve the care of patients with kidney transplant failure.

Opportunities to improve the care of patients with kidney transplant failure . Background Patients initiating dialysis after a failed kidney transplant are a subgroup of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who have not been characterized. Exposure to immunosuppressive medications differentiates these patients from the general incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population. Methods Data from the Health Care Financing Administration 2728 form were used to determine the hematocrit, erythropoietin use, serum albumin and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) among 4643 patients with failed kidney transplants who initiated dialysis between April 1995 and December 1998. Results At dialysis initiation, the mean hematocrit, serum albumin and GFR were 27.5%, 3.3 g/dL, and 8.4 mL/min/1.73m 2 , respectively, and only 35% of patients had received erythropoietin. In a multivariate analysis, patients Conclusions Despite being known to specialty physicians, patients with failed kidney transplants initiate dialysis at levels of hematocrit, serum albumin, and GFR that may be suboptimal and similar to those in the general incident ESRD population. Socioeconomic factors remain important barriers to the provision of CKD care even among these patients with established specialty physician contact. Improved CKD care could improve the outcomes of this unique subgroup of CKD patients.
Redesigning Teacher Education Programs: How High Can We Fly?

This column brings to the attention of RT readers the hot topic of redesigning teacher education programs. Featured are interviews with professionals involved in a statewide redesign initiative in Tennessee, the Ready2Teach (R2T) program. The interviews highlight major changes in how teacher education programs are being transformed to prepare teachers to be ready to teach effectively on the first day they enter the classroom. Putting words into action, the Tennessee redesign initiative extends clinical experiences, utilizes problem-based learning, prepares preservice teachers to contribute to better utilize the databases that inform school programs, all with the promise of greatly enriching the literacy experiences and successes of the urban learner.
Dysplastic melanocytic nevi in histologic association with 234 primary cutaneous melanomas

Dysplastic melanocytic nevi (DMN) are irregularly pigmented lesions characterized by (1) atypical melanocytic hyperplasia in a lentiginous epidermal pattern (AMHL), (2) one or more dermal mesenchymal changes, and (3) frequently a dermal nevocellular nevus. In order to determine an association between DMN and cutaneous melanoma, the dominant histologic feature of DMN (namely, AMHL) was sought in histologic contiguity with 234 primary melanomas. Of these 234 cases, 9 were lentigo maligna melanomas. Of the remaining 225 cases, 49 (21.8%) were associated with AMHL in the same histologic section as (but beyond the most lateral margin of) intraepidermal and invasive melanoma. AMHL was directly associated with the presence of dermal nevocellular nevi in histologic contiguity with melanoma, and a greater number of histologic slides with melanoma available for review. AMHL was inversely associated with nodular melanoma. Most of the AMHL cases were not associated with familial melanoma, but the total number of familial cases was low. The histologic association between AMHL and melanoma in one fifth of cases in this series supports the hypothesis that at least some cutaneous melanomas may have an origin in DMN.
The political economy of trading states: Factor specificity, collective action problems and domestic political institutions

The fundamental problem that international trade poses for states is this. Trade typically offers cheaper goods, with more choice for consumers and the greatest economic output for society as a whole. But at the same time, it is also very disruptive to individuals’ lives, tying their incomes to the vagaries of international markets. In so doing, trade affects the distribution of wealth within the domestic economy, raising questions of who gets relatively more or less, and what they can do about it politically. Trade also has important effects, naturally, on aggregate domestic economic welfare and on the distributions of wealth and power among national societies. Anyone theorizing about “trading states” (states of trading societies) should consider the state’s problem of how to weigh the aggregate, external effects against the internal, distributional effects-and indeed against the costs or disturbances that those internal redistributions may bring.
Pressure Sintering of Si3N4 System for Near-Net Shape Forming

Yttria and alumina have been used with particular success, either singly or in combination, as densification aids for hot pressing and sintering of silicon nitride. To obtain desirable mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, it is necessary to minimize the addition of alumina as a densifying agent, however, very low amount of alumina additive reduces the possibility of sintering silicon nitride to high theoretical density. In this paper the authors have elucidated a sintering process which densifies silicon nitride to near theoretical density even with low amount of alumina doping.
Abundance and mortality of leaf miners on artificially shaded Emory oak

. 1 We measured solar radiation reaching ten Quercus emoryi Torr. trees and recorded densities of four leaf-mining insect species on these trees from June until September 1982. 2 The measurements showed that densities of two leaf miner species were negatively correlated with solar radiation. 3 In a field experiment, polypropylene shade fabric was suspended 1.3 m above four experimental trees to test for effects of reduced sunlight. 4 Leaves of experimentally-shaded trees were heavier and contained lower percentages of proteins and gallotannins than leaves of control, sun trees, while per cent foliar monomeric, polymeric, and total phenols, and water content did not differ between sun and shaded trees. 5 Two of four leaf miner species had greater densities on experimentally-shaded trees than sun trees. One of these two species experienced lower survivorship on sun trees owing to high levels of death from unknown causes on sun trees. 6 Two leaf miner species had greater densities on sun trees. One of these species had higher survivorship on shaded trees owing to high levels of parasitism on sun trees. 7 We conclude that even subtle differences in shading influences leaf miner density and mortality; however, the effects of shading vary from positive to negative among leaf miner species.
Analyzing bankruptcy in the restaurant industry: a multiple discriminant model.

Abstract This study estimated a multiple discriminant model for analyzing US restaurant firm bankruptcy. The model achieved a 92-percent accuracy rate in classifying the in-sample firms into bankrupt and non-bankrupt groups. The jackknife cross-validation accuracy rate was 89 percent. The ex-post classification of out-of-sample restaurants, mainly non-bankrupt firms, was 80 percent correct. The model suggests that restaurant firms with low earnings before interests and taxes and high total liabilities are more likely to be bankruptcy candidates. To reduce bankruptcy risk, restauranteurs should adopt a prudent growth strategy accompanied by less debt financing and tighter cost control.
A study of grain boundaries between molybdenum trioxide smoke particles

Abstract Pairs of dislocation-free molybdenum trioxide smoke crystals have been examined by transmission electron microscopy. Crystals joined on their b-faces tend to be either parallel or to have the c-axis of one perpendicular to the c-axis of the other. The preference for perpendicularity is evidence that the near-coincidence boundary that exists between perpendicular crystals has low energy. In addition to a preference for the perpendicular orientation there was a small but significant preference for the orientation obtained by rotating one member of a pair of perpendicular crystals about the normal to the contact plane until the (101) planes of one crystal are precisely parallel to the (101) planes of the other. The rotation (in radians) needed to do this is equal to the misfit between the a and c axes of MoO3.
Rural Areas in an Urban Economy

V HEN the Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act in 1965, it established a new agency, provided it with a new set of operating instructions, and told it to work on a relatively old problem. That problem, of course, is the record of relatively low incomes, high unemployment and underemployment, out-migration, poor health, and inadequate education that have been generally characteristic of Appalachia-symptoms also characteristic of rural America. The approach of the Appalachian program to these problems, therefore, has significance for all rural areas of the country and, in fact, for all areas. In the debates and discussions of recent years concerning "urban-rural balance," "rural renewal," and a national urban policy, one thread of agreement seems to exist-the intertwining of urban and rural problems. We simply cannot separate the solution of our urban and rural problems into separate compartments. The historic exodus from our rural areas has depleted their most valuable resource, their young people, who have too frequently been redundant and ill-equipped in their new urban environment. An approach to overcoming typically rural problems that holds even modest promise would be welcome in the effort to reduce problems of urban and rural areas to manageable proportions. Another thread of agreement in the discussion of urban-rural policy, though less overtly stated, is that there is no possibility for a program to stimulate a "return to the land." For better or worse, we are an urban and urbanizing nation and national policy must both recognize this fact and, simultaneously, avoid confusing the term "urban" with "metropolitan." The former does not necessarily mean the latter, and wise public policy must capitalize on what both can offer. There have been numerous attempted explanations of this urbanizing phenomenon. Some seek an explanation in a hierarchical structure of cities whose size and placement follow some regular pattern. Others seek it in agglomerative economies that confer pecuniary and non-pecuniary advantages. Still others seek it in an increasingly greater rate of invention and innovation as urban size increases. And there are those who seek the explanation in a higher degree of income elasticity of demand for services than for goods. Candor requires that we admit that a preference for one of these expla-
Aeroacoustic Characteristics of Model Jet Test Facility Flow Conditioners

An experimental investigation of flow conditioning devices used to suppress internal rig noise in high speed, high temperature experimental jet facilities is discussed. The aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of a number of devices including pressure loss and extraneous noise generation are measured. Both aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics are strongly dependent on the porosity of the flow conditioner and the closure ratio of the duct system. For unchoked flow conditioners, the pressure loss follows conventional incompressible flow models. However, for choked flow conditioners, a compressible flow model where the duct and flow conditioner system is modeled as a convergent-divergent nozzle can be used to estimate pressure loss. Choked flow conditioners generate significantly more noise than unchoked conditioners. In addition, flow conditioners with small hole diameters or sintered metal felt material generate less self-noise noise compared to flow conditioners with larger holes.
Managing Thermal Emergencies in Disk-Based Storage Systems

Thermal-aware design of disk-drives is important because high temperatures can cause reliability problems. Dynamic thermal management (DTM) techniques have been proposed to operate the disk at the average case temperature, rather than at the worst case by modulating the activities to avoid thermal emergencies caused by unexpected events, such as fan-breaks, increased inlet air temperature, etc. A delay-based approach to adjust the disk seek activities is one such DTM solution for disk-drives. Even if such a DTM approach could overcome thermal emergencies without stopping disk activity, it suffers from long delays when servicing the requests. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using a multispeed disk-drive (called dynamic rotations per minute (DRPM)), which dynamically modulates the rotational speed of the platter for implementing the DTM technique. Using a detailed performance and thermal simulator of a storage system, we evaluate two possible DTM policies—time-based and watermark-based—with a DRPM disk-drive and observe that dynamic RPM modulation is effective in avoiding thermal emergencies. However, we find that the time taken to transition between different rotational speeds of the disk is critical for the effectiveness of this DTM technique. DOI: 10.1115/1.2993152
Polyelectrolyte configuration in a disordered medium.

We consider the configuration of a linear polyion embedded in a disordered medium with quenched fluctuations in the density of ionic sites that comprise the disorder. Expressions for the disorder-averaged interactions among the polyion beads are derived. The problem of polyion structure in a quenched disordered medium is thus reduced to that of a self-interacting polymer with adjusted pair potentials among its units. This class of problems is solvable by existing theories for polymer and polyelectrolyte configuration. We analyze the problem using the Feynman-Bogoliubov variational method with a Gaussian reference Hamiltonian and compare the results of this approach with those of Monte Carlo simulations performed using the same disorder-averaged pair potentials. At all conditions, the charged disorder leads to a contraction of the polymer, the effect being strongly dependent on the quenching temperature and the concomitant permittivity of the disorder which effectively determine the magnitude of the potential fluctuations in the system. At high disorder strength, the scaling characteristic of a self-avoiding chain is retained for shorter polyions. For sufficiently long polymers, however, the size of the polymer coil becomes almost independent of the degree of polymerization N. The transition between the two regimes takes place at the degree of polymerization at which the characteristic distance among the beads, measured in terms of the radius of gyration ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{g}}$, reaches the distance ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathrm{min}}$ corresponding to the minimum of the effective disorder-averaged pair potential among the beads.
Methanol conversion to olefins over ZSM-5: II. Olefin distribution

The distribution of olefins from methanol conversion over ZSM-5 zeolite is examined. Thermodynamic equilibrium is approached at low conversion levels. With increasing conversion, olefin distribution is governed by kinetics, due to autocatalysis and competitive sorption of water. Ethylene is the initial olefin.
Face selectivity in the [2+2] photoannelation of chiral 3(2h)-furanones with alkenes

Abstract The photocycloadditions of a series of chiral 3(2H)-furanones with alkenes show facial selectivities which parallel the steric bulk of the furanone substituents. Selectivities approaching 50:1 are observed in some instances.
Gα13 Requires Palmitoylation for Plasma Membrane Localization, Rho-dependent Signaling, and Promotion of p115-RhoGEF Membrane Binding

Abstract Most heterotrimeric G protein α subunits are covalently modified by palmitate attached to one or more N-terminal cysteine residues. Although a wide variety of proteins undergo palmitoylation, the role of this fatty acid modification in G protein signaling is not well understood. Thus, we examined the role of palmitoylation of α13, a G protein α subunit that regulates many pathways involved in cell growth. Both N-terminal cysteines at positions 14 and 18 were required for palmitoylation. Mutant α13, in which both cysteines were changed to serines, failed to localize to plasma membranes in transfected cells and failed to activate Rho-dependent serum response factor-mediated transcription and actin stress fiber formation. However, nonpalmitoylated, cysteine to serine mutant α13retained the ability to co-immunoprecipitate with a direct effector, p115-RhoGEF. Finally, we report the novel observation that activated α13 induces a redistribution of p115-RhoGEF from the cytoplasm to plasma membranes, but non-palmitoylated mutants of α13 fail to cause p115-RhoGEF translocation. These findings identify palmitoylation of α13 as critical for its proper membrane localization and signaling and provide insight into the mechanism of activation of Rho-dependent signaling pathways by α13.
Simulation of heat transfer in high speed microflows

The dynamic flow behavior and heat transfer characteristics of high speed gas flows through two-dimensional microchannels are investigated by using direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. In order to study the effects of the Knudsen number (Kn) on fluid flow and heat transfer behaviors, flows in both slip flow regime and transition flow regime have been investigated. The collision process has been treated in a statistical way using the NTC (no-time-counter) scheme. The VHS (variable hard sphere) model was chosen to simulate the collision from the kinetic point of view. The different viscous effects produced from different Kn significantly influenced the development of the flow and also the development of the thermal boundary layers. The bulk flow has a high increase in temperature due to the wall friction and the deceleration of the supersonic flow as it enters the narrow channels, and this dominates the wall heat flux phenomenon. The effect of gas species on the flow properties was studied using helium and nitrogen. It has been found that the wall temperature jump, the wall heat flux, and the centerline temperature for helium are much higher compared to nitrogen. No significant effects of the variable wall temperature distribution were observed on the total amount of heat transferred between the bulk flow and the channel walls.
Effect of seizures during pregnancy on seizure susceptibility in offspring.

Summary: The risk of epilepsy is higher in the offspring of epileptic mothers than epileptic fathers. It has been hypothesized that seizures during pregnancy may alter subsequent seizure susceptibility in the offspring. To test this hypothesis, pregnant rats were fully kindled during the first, second, or third trimesters. In addition, another group of pregnant rats were kindled during the first trimester and then stimulated daily to induce generalized tonic-clonic seizures until delivery. The rate of kindling in the offspring of the four groups was then compared with sham-operated controls. No significant difference in rate of kindling was noted between the offspring of sham-operated controls and kindled mothers. This study fails to support the hypothesis that maternal seizures during pregnancy lead to increased seizure susceptibility in the offspring. RESUME Le risque d-epilepsie est plus eleve chez les enfants de mere epileptique que chez ceux de pere epileptique. On a emis l'hypothese que la survenue de crises pendant la grossesse pouvait modifier la predisposition aux crises des enfants. Pour verifier cette hypothese on a soumis a l'effet d'embrasement complet dans rates gravides pendant le premier, le deuxieme ou le troisieme trimestre. De plus, un autre groupe de rates gravides a subi l'embrasement pendant le premier trimestre et ensuite a recu des stimulations induisant des crises tonicocloniques generalisees tour les jours jusqu'a la delivrance. Le taux d'embrasement dans la descendance des 4 groupes a ete ensuite comparea des animaux de controle chez qui l'embrasement avait ete simulte. Aucune difference significative n'a ete notee dans le taux d'embrasement entre la descendance des controles et celle des meres stimulees. Cette etude ne confirme donc pas l'hypothese que les crises de la mere pendant la grossesse entrainent une plus grande predisposition aux crises chez les enfants. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das Epilepsierisiko ist fur Kinder epileptischer Mutter hoher als fur Kinder epileptischer Vater. Es ist vermutet worden, das Anfalle wahrend der Schwangerschaft die spatere Empfindlichkeit Anfallen gegenuber, beim Nachkommen verandert. Um diese Hypothese zu testen, wurden trachtige Ratten wahrend des ersten, zweiten und dritten Trimesters vollstandig gekindelt. Zusatzlich wurden andere Gruppen trachtiger Ratten wahrend des ersten Trimesters gekindelt und dann taglich bis zum Werfen stimuliert, um generalisierte, tonisch-klonische Krampfe zu erzeugen. Die Kindlingrate bei den Nachkommen der 4 Gruppen wurde dann mit pro-forma operierten Kontrollen verglichen. Es fand sich keine signifikante Differenz der Kindlingrate zwischen den Nachkommen der pro-forma operierten Kontrollen und der gekindelten Mutter. Diese Untersuchung vermag die Hypothese, das mutterliche Anfalle wahrend der Schwangerschaft zu einer erhohten Anfallsempfindlichkeit bei den Nachkommen fuhrt, nicht zu stutzen.
Stark Shift of Nuclear Spin Levels of Be 9 in Beryllium Oxide

Measurements of the angular variation of the quadrupole splitting in the NMR spectrum of $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$ in single-crystal BeO are reported and give $\frac{{e}^{2}\mathrm{qQ}}{h}=39.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ kHz. The dependence of the field-gradient parameter $q$ on an applied external electric field is investigated and interpreted using the phenomenological relation of the form $e{(\ensuremath{\Delta}q)}_{\mathrm{ij}}=\ensuremath{\Sigma}{R}_{\mathrm{ijk}}{E}_{k}+\ensuremath{\Sigma}\ensuremath{\Sigma}{T}_{\mathrm{ijlm}}{e}_{\mathrm{lm}}$, where the first term represents the constant-strain electric-field-induced change and the second term represents the piezoelectric contribution. The strain-induced part of $\ensuremath{\Delta}q$ is measured separately and found to be negligible compared with the part due directly to the electric field. We report an experimental value for ${R}_{\mathrm{zzz}}$ of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} (1.3 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.5) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{9}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Calculations of ${R}_{\mathrm{zzz}}$ on the basis of ionic and covalent models of the BeO structure give - 4.1 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{8}$ and - 8.2 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{8}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, respectively, for the ionic and covalent contributions and a total calculated ${R}_{\mathrm{zzz}}$ of - 1.2 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{9}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. It is thus unlikely that the ionic model can account for the observed Stark shift. A determination of the crystal $c$ axis was made using the pyroelectric effect and this, together with the Stark-shift data, indicates that the sign of the field gradient is positive.
Bifidus factor. Isolation of ethyl N-acetyl-B-d-glucosaminide from Aspergillus fermentations

Abstract Fermentation by Aspergillus terreus in a simple medium containing degraded chitin increased the microbiological activity of the culture fluid for the growth of L. bifidus var. pennsylvanicus. The active principle was isolated and identified as ethyl N-acetyl-β- d -glucosaminide.
Protein m and the activation of dicoumarol induced atypical prothrombin

Abstract Under carefully controlled conditions and with standard comparable amounts of purified Factor Xa + Factor V + Phospholipid and calcium ions, the yield of thrombin was incomplete and approximately the same from purified prothrombin, purified prethrombin 1, purified 2-Gla prothrombin, purified 5-Gla prothrombin, or purified 7-Gla prothrombin. By adding purified Protein M to the activation mixture, the yield of thrombin and the rate of formation was increased. The procoagulant effect of Protein M compensates for reduced γ-carboxyglutamic acid content of modified prothrombin. It enhances the activation of normal prothrombin.
Alternant and non-alternant möbius rings in Pariser—Parr—Pople theory

It is proved within the theory of Pariser. Parr, and Pople that the particle and hole states and energies of a non-alternant n-electron ring are exactly paired with their pseudo-parity mirrors in the equivalent single 1/2 twist Mobius n-electron system.
Performance assessment of a blind test using the University of Mississippi's acoustic/seismic laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) mine detection apparatus at Fort A. P. Hill

In March of 1999, a research team from the University of Mississippi brought its data acquisition system consisting of an acoustic/seismic laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) mine detection sensor, to Fort A P Hill in Virginia. The purpose was to collect data over a variety of miens and to participate in a blind test. IN the blind test, the mine detection apparatus was brought to several 1-m by 1-m areas included a mix of mines, blank spots., and clutter spots as determined from prior test. The data collected over each of these spots was visualized in real time, an a mine/no mine decision was made. The resultant probability of detection was 95 percent with a false-alarm rate (FAR) of 0.03 m-3. We present a description of the test and a detailed analysis of the data collected by the University of Mississippi in the mine lanes at AP Hill. With knowledge of the baseline, we compute target and clutter statistics, including signal-to-clutter ratios for various categories of mine types and mine depths. We examine detection trends as a function of frequency. Applying image-processing techniques to the data, features such as size and shape are extracted, and the resultant feature-level target and clutter histograms are used to improve performance. The expected performance with a without feature is compared to the demonstrated performance.
Hafnium–tungsten chronometry and the timing of terrestrial core formation

THE accretion of the Earth and Moon within the solar nebula is thought1–3 to have taken 50 to 100 million years. But the timing of formation of the Earth's core has been controversial, with some4,5 proposing that it took place within the first 15 Myr of Earth's accretion history and others6,7 proposing that it occurred after 50 Myr of accretion. Meteorite chronometry based on the 182Hf–182W system has the potential to resolve this debate, as segregation of a metal core from silicates should induce strong fractionation of hafnium from tungsten. Here we report tungsten isotope compositions for two iron meteorites, two carbonaceous chondrites, and a lunar mare basalt. We see clear 182W deficits in both iron meteorites, in agreement with previous results4,5. But the data for chondrites are inconsistent with the hypothesis of early core formation, suggesting that both this event and the formation of the Moon must have occurred at least 62 ± 10 Myr after the iron meteorites formed.
Excess carbon-14 abundances in uranium ores: Possible evidence for emission from uranium-series isotopes

Significant levels of 14C have been detected in uranium-bearing minerals using the tandem accelerator mass spectrometer at the University of Arizona. The amount of 14C detected in a given mineral is proportional to the concentration of uranium in that mineral. The average value of 14C atoms/uranium atom is (2.2±0.5)×10−15 (2σ). These data are consistent with the assumption of direct 14C emission from one or more nuclei in the 238U decay chain with a branching ratio of 1.0 to 2.0×10−9, relative to alpha decay. The uncertainty results from the possible production of 14C from 11B(α,p)14C.
Mass-Analyzed Threshold Ionization (MATI) Spectroscopy of Atoms and Molecules Using VUV Synchrotron Radiation

Mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation (Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) has been performed for Ar, N2, O2, N2O, H2O, C2H2, and C6H6. MATI allows for a better determination of ionization energies compared to those derived from photoionization efficiency curves traditionally used in synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry. The separation of the long-lived Rydberg state from the directly-formed prompt ion, essential for a meaningful MATI spectrum, has been accomplished by employing an arrangement of ion optics coupled to unique electric-field pulsing schemes. For Ar, a number of resolved bands below the ionization energy are observed, and these are ascribed to high-n,l Rydberg states prepared in the MATI scheme. The first vibrational stateresolved MATI spectra of N2 and O2 are reported and spectral characteristics are discussed in comparison with previously-reported threshold photoelectron spectroscopic studies. While MATI performed with synchrotron radiation is intrinsically less sensitive compared to laser based sources, this work demonstrates that MATI spectroscopy performed with widely tunable VUV radiation is a complementary technique for studying the ionization spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules.
A general explicit or semi-explicit algorithm for compressible and incompressible flows

A unified finite element algorithm is developed which is applicable to a wide range of problems of fluid mechanics without recourse to artificial, empirically determined factors. In its explicit form, the algorithm is similar to the Taylor-Galerkin scheme and is easily adopted to standard codes. The scheme proposed here possesses sufficient natural balancing diffusion and thus reduces and sometimes eliminates the need for special 'shock capturing' diffusion. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated using several examples ranging from incompressible through transonic regions to supersonic flows.
Direct second kind boundary integral formulation for Stokes flow problems

A direct boundary element method is formulated for the Stokes flow problem based on an integral equation representation for the components of traction. For problems in which the components of velocity are prescribed on the boundary of the domain, this new formulation results in a hypersingular Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. A method of regularization to evaluate the hypersingular integral is discussed. For certain problems involving flows about particles, the integral equation representation for the tractions is not unique because of the existence of rigid body eigenmodes. A method to constrain out these rigid body modes is also discussed. Several example problems are considered in which this new formulation is compared to more traditional boundary element formulations.