cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards augmenting cyber-physical-human collaborative cognition for human-automation interaction in complex manufacturing and operational environments

The importance of augmenting human-technology collaborative cognition has been envisioned as one of the fundamental ways to bolster human cognition through human-automation interaction in complex m...
Regulation of senescence traits by MAPKs

A phenotype of indefinite growth arrest acquired in response to sublethal damage, cellular senescence affects normal aging and age-related disease. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are capable of sensing changes in cellular conditions, and in turn elicit adaptive responses including cell senescence. MAPKs modulate the levels and function of many proteins, including proinflammatory factors and factors in the p21/p53 and p16/RB pathways, the main senescence-regulatory axes. Through these actions, MAPKs implement key traits of senescence—growth arrest, cell survival, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review, we summarize and discuss our current knowledge of the impact of MAPKs in senescence. In addition, given that eliminating or suppressing senescent cells can improve health span, we discuss the function and possible exploitation of MAPKs in the elimination (senolysis) or suppression (senostasis) of senescent cells.
Enabling Selective Tandem Reactions via Catalyst Architecture Engineering

Tandem catalysis capable of completing multistep reactions in a single pot or step is an effective strategy to develop cost-effective and environmentally benign chemical processes. A unique challenge in the selectivity control of tandem reactions is the coexistence of reactants, intermediates, and products from all constituent steps in the same reaction medium, causing side reactions. Thus, distinct catalyst design principles are needed. In this review, we introduce four design concepts for tandem catalysts, comprising engineering of the spatial distribution of catalytic sites, the molecular proximity of sites, the nature of sites, and the size of the pores in which sites reside. Current challenges and opportunities for future research in tandem catalysis are also discussed.
Colorectal surgery collaboratives: The Michigan experience

Abstract The Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative (MSQC) was one of the first large-scale regional collaborative quality improvement (CQI) organizations, bringing together surgeons and nurses from 70 Michigan hospitals with a goal of improving surgical outcomes. In this article, we describe the evolution of the MSQC, the science of collaborative quality improvement, and the colorectal surgery-focused projects that MSQC has implemented. Colorectal surgery initiatives have focused on (1) surgical site infection reduction, (2) improving quality of care for colorectal cancer, (3) enhanced recovery pathways, (4) technical skills coaching using video review, and (5) opioid use reduction.
A Test of Physical Efficiency: The Correlation between Results therefrom and Results from Tests of Mental Efficiency

(1924). A Test of Physical Efficiency: The Correlation between Results therefrom and Results from Tests of Mental Efficiency. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 501-505.
Pharmacokinetics and effects on arachidonic acid metabolism of low doses of cannabidiol following oral administration to horses.

The increasing availability of cannabidiol (CBD) and anecdotal reports of its anti-inflammatory effects has garnered it much interest in the equine industry. The objectives of the current study were to (1) describe the pharmacokinetics of oral CBD in exercising thoroughbreds, (2) characterize select behavioral and physiologic effects, and (3) evaluate effects on biomarkers of inflammation using an ex vivo model. This study was conducted in a randomized balanced 3-way crossover design with a two-week washout period between doses. Horses received a single oral dose (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg) of CBD suspended in sesame oil. Blood and urine samples were collected prior to and for 72 hr post drug administration. Additional blood samples collected at select time points were challenged ex vivo with calcium ionophore or lipopolysaccharide to induce eicosanoid production. Drug, metabolite, and eicosanoid concentrations were determined using LC-MS/MS. Cannabidiol was well tolerated with no significant behavioral, gastrointestinal, or cardiac abnormalities observed. CBD was readily absorbed, with parent drug detected in blood at all time points. The carboxylated and hydroxylated metabolites predominated in serum and urine, respectively. The terminal half-life for CBD was 10.7 ± 3.61, 10.6 ± 3.84 and 9.88 ± 3.53 for 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg. Although the effects were mixed, results of eicosanoid analysis suggest CBD affects COX-1, COX-2 and LOX at the doses studied here. Results of this study coupled with previous reports in other species, suggest further study of CBD in horses is warranted before its use as an anti-inflammatory can be recommended.
Repurposing Quinoline and Artemisinin Antimalarials as Therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2: Rationale and Implications

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected more than 116 million individuals globally and resulted in over 2.5 million deaths since the first report in December 2019. For most of this time, healthcare professionals have had few tools at their disposal. In December 2020, several vaccines that were shown to be highly effective have been granted emergency use authorization (EUA). Despite these remarkable breakthroughs, challenges include vaccine roll-out and implementation, in addition to deeply entrenched antivaccination viewpoints. While vaccines will prevent disease occurrence, infected individuals still need treatment options, and repurposing drugs circumvents the lengthy and costly process of drug development. SARS-CoV-2, like many other enveloped viruses, require the action of host proteases for entry. In addition, this novel virus employs a unique method of cell exit of deacidified lysosomes and exocytosis. Thus, inhibitors of lysosomes or other players in this pathway are good candidates to target SARS-CoV-2. Chemical compounds in the quinoline class are known to be lysomotropic and perturb pH levels. A large number of quinolines are FDA-approved for treatment of inflammatory diseases and antimalarials. Artemisinins are another class of drugs that have been demonstrated to be safe for use in humans and are widely utilized as antimalarials. In this Review, we discuss the use of antimalarial drugs in the class of quinolines and artemisinins, which have been shown to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo, and provide a rationale in employing quinolines as treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical settings.
Gastrointestinal defect closure using a novel through-the-scope helix tack and suture device compared to endoscopic clips in a survival porcine model (with video).

Background and aims Endoscopic resections are associated with bleeding and perforation and may be managed with through-the-scope (TTS) clips, over-the-scope clips and endoscopic suturing. The aim of this preclinical study was to compare technical success of closure using a novel TTS tissue helix tack and suture device (X-Tack) to TTS clips in a porcine model. Materials and methods Four subjects underwent 40 mucosal resections, diameter range 25–50 mm, in the stomach (n = 24) and colon (n = 16). Closures were randomized to X-Tack (n = 24) or clip (n = 16). Animals underwent weekly endoscopic follow-up for 4 weeks. Results Technical closure with X-Tack was successful in 24 of 24 (100 %) cases and with clips in 13 of 16 cases (81.3 %) (P = 0.0001). One colonic perforation occurred and was successfully managed using X-Tack. The rate of healing was not statistically different between the groups, and all sites healed at 4 weeks including the perforation and were confirmed by histology. Conclusions Compared to TTS clip, X-Tack is superior for effecting large mucosal defect closure, including durable sealing of full-thickness perforation. There was no difference in rate of healing between devices.
Frank knight, max weber, la economía de chicago y el institucionalismo

This essay shows the influence of Max Weber on Frank Knight’s interest in combining economic theory and comparative economic history. In the interwar period –when the teaching of economics had a pluralistic character–Knight opposed institutionalism and defended the scientific status of neoclassical theory, but his readings of Weber Knight led him to regard equilibrium and perfect competition as “ideal types,” constructs useful for theorizing but never observed in reality. They help to identify the central elements, but the study of how they change is not the object of theory. One must then turn to history, in which changes do not resemble equilibria. In the postwar period a new scientific standard appeared, which redefined the discipline and relegated Knight’s work to the non-scientific realm of “social philosophy”
Effects of the magnetic equilibrium on gyrokinetic simulations of tokamak microinstabilities

The general geometry of the experimental tokamak magnetic equilibrium is implemented in the global gyrokinetic simulation code GEM. Compared to the general geometry, the well used Miller parameterization of the magnetic equilibrium is a good approximation in the core region and up to the top of the pedestal. Linear simulations indicate that results with the two geometries agree for r/a ≤ 0.9. However, in the edge region, the instabilities are sensitive to the magnetic equilibrium in both the L-mode and the H-mode plasmas. A small variation of the plasma shaping parameters leads to large changes to the edge instability.
Restaurant social media usage in China: A study of industry practices and consumer preferences

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of social media by restaurants in China and the extent to which consumers are using it to obtain information about dining options. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire for consumers was developed and social media usage data were collected from restaurants; the results were compared to determine whether there is a difference between practices and preferences. Findings – Based on the results of this paper, restaurants may want to consider committing resources and efforts to improve their presence on Dianping, Baidu and Meituan, and to utilize WeChat. Also, they may want to send non-personalized updates, especially coupons, discounts and information about special events, through the above-mentioned channels two to three times a month. Additionally, restaurants may want to improve engagement with frequent users so that they will recommend to others. Finally, restaurants may want to evaluate and invest in online ordering and payment systems if ...
Reduced order discrete time modeling of ZVS transition dynamics in the dual active bridge converter

A concise, analytical method for incorporating the effects of zero voltage switching (ZVS) interval dynamics in small-signal discrete-time models of the dual-active bridge (DAB) converter is detailed. The method allows the influence of the resonant transition between tank inductor and switching device output capacitance to be examined. Importantly, the method does not require the inclusion of an additional state to account for these dynamics, which greatly simplifies the resulting models of converter behavior. The calculations are applicable to any alternate topology where ZVS transition behaviors contribute significantly to converter dynamics, as in many high frequency converters. The method is verified through experimental results on a 1 MHz DAB converter.
3-D Sound Propagation and Acoustic Inversions in Shallow Water Oceans

Abstract : Sound propagation in the areas of continental shelves is complicated due to many three-dimensional (3-D) oceanographic and marine geologic features, such as shelfbreak frontal systems, nonlinear internal gravity waves and topographic variability. The long-term goals of this project are targeted on understanding the 3-D sound propagation effects caused by these environmental factors, and also on applying the 3-D sound propagation physics to acoustic inversions. Due to the horizontal inhomogeneity in the water column caused by shelfbreak frontal systems, nonlinear internal gravity waves and other physical oceanographic processes, horizontal refraction of sound occurs and produces significant 3-D acoustic propagation conditions. One of the objectives of this project is to develop an efficient and accurate 3-D sound propagation model (both theoretical and numerical models) for applications related to low-frequency sonar systems. In addition to the 3-D sound propagation study, this project also has the investigation on the feasibility of two specific inversion techniques in the area of continental slopes: (a) source localization and (b) bottom geoacoustic inversions. This work requires a solid understanding on 3-D sound propagation, and it is closely connected to the first topic.
Short-term rheology of polycrystalline ice

Deformation characteristics of polycrystalline ice and their dependence on time, temperature, and stress have been analysed on the basis of a phenomenological relation which describes creep in terms of initial elastic, delayed elastic, and permanent strain. It is shown that the effective modulus of ice observed in the laboratory or in the field can be examined on the basis of this model. The model also provides a basis on which the observed flow law of ice can be examined conveniently. Some apparent inconsistencies in the results of earlier investigations of the mechanical property of ice appear of be reconciled by the model.
The Black Family: A Bibliography of Recent Works

the mid-1970s, literature on the black family was extensive and represented diverse points of view. It included pioneering works by Carter G. Woodson, W.E.B. DuBois and E. Franklin Frazier; contemporary studies by Andrew Billingsley, Robert Hill and Joyce Ladner; thought-provoking works by Robert Staples and Herbert Gutman; and the controversial Moynihan . Report. Sociologists, historians, anthropologists, psychologists, political scientists, educators, social workers, journalists and writers in other fields expounded on such issues as the matriarchy, the legacy of slavery, African cultural survivals, pathology and black family strengths. During the last year a surge of coverage in the popular media has contributed to the increase of publication on the black family. Recent concerns have focused on a variety of issues, including institutional racism, unemployment, economic problems of single-parent families, teenage pregnancy, male-female relationships, the roles of men in families, child development and negative portrayals in the press. This bibliography will focus on books published since 1976 on black families in the United States. Although the emphasis is on books, many articles, dissertations and government documents, too numerous to cite here, have addressed the subject. Journals frequently carrying articles on AfroAmerican families include Black Child Advocate, Black Enterprise, The Black Scholar, Black Sociologist, Crisis, Ebony (which featured the black family in its August 1986 issue), Essence, Fanon Center Journal, Journal of Black Studies, Journal of the National Medical Association, Lincoln Review, Phylon, Review of Black Political Economy, Urban League Review and Western Journal of Black Studies. In addition to these black-oriented journals, some of the general periodicals which have recently presented articles on the black family are such diverse publications as American Economic Review, Christian Science Monitor, Journal of American History, New Republic, Newsweek and Penthouse. Access to material in these journals and in other sources can be obtained by consulting the following indexes and abstracts: Dissertation Abstracts, Index to Black Newspapers, Index to Periodical Articles By and About Blacks, Magazine Index, Public Affairs Information Service, Readers9 Guide to Periodical Literature, Sage Race Relations Abstracts, Social Science Index and Social Work Abstracts.
Stable carbon isotope composition of fauna and organic matter collected in a Mississippi estuary

Animals collected in Juncus roemerianus and Spartina cynosuroides marshes in St. Louis Bay, Mississippi, were analysed for δ13C to determine their food sources. There were only minor differences in 13C/12C ratios for animals inhabiting marshes dominated by C2-pathway Juncus (δ13C = −26‰) compared to those found in marshes dominated by C4-pathway Spartina (δ13C = −12‰). This was especially evident for three bivalve species collected in the two areas, which showed a tissue δ13C of −27·1 to −27·5‰. Apparently a significant quantity of terrestrial plant material with a mean δ13C of −27‰ is introduced by river flow into the food web of these brackish marshes and provides a major energy source for these marsh invertebrates.
Performance of a two-stage methane digestor for alcohol stillage derived from sugarcane molasses

The production of biogas with 52% methane from anaerobic fermentation of the alcohol stillage derived from sugarcane molasses has been studied using a two-stage digestor. Gas productivity of 0.4 m3/KgCOD day with four days of hydraulic retention time was much better than the reported holding times between 10 to 15 days with a single digestor.
Accommodation Study for an Anemometer on a Martian Lander

Abstract Measuring the wind velocity and its turbulent fluctuations near the surface of Mars is an important component of the future exploration of Mars, not only to minimize risk in landing, but also to understand some of the most important fundamental processes that dominate Mars’ behavior today. Previous missions have included instrumentation to measure 2D mean winds, but a more sophisticated instrument has been designed that allows for fast, precise 3D measurements of the wind and its turbulent properties. These richer observations raise the question of how best to place such an instrument on a future Martian lander to minimize the flow distortions imposed by the lander, and how to correct for the perturbations that cannot be avoided. To carry out this research, computational fluid dynamic simulations in three dimensions were performed using Fluent, a commercially available software. The first step was to model the conditions at the surface of Mars and, more particularly, the quantities describing the...
Progress in thin film formation by laser assisted molecular beam deposition (LAMBD)

Abstract Laser assisted molecular beam deposition (LAMBD) is a pulsed laser ablation technique which utilizes a train of gas pulses to precisely control the chemistry and transport of species to be deposited on a substrate. The LAMBD technique has been used to grow films on a variety of substrates and to ablate a variety of target materials including: metals, metal oxides, metal halides, Si, C and SiC. In addition, a variety of more complex composite films such as Cu embedded polymers, YBa2Cu3O7−x and organic doped TiO2 and Al2O3 have also been produced. These films have been analyzed by Raman scattering, SEM, EDX, FTIR, ESCA, NMR, mass spectrometry and surface profile measurements to determine film structure and composition. Recent progress on source characterization by emission spectroscopy and a new source design will also be presented. These results demonstrate the potential of using LAMBD sources as a means of depositing a variety of high quality single and multiple component films.
Ligand-functionalized gold nanorods as theragnostic agents

Plasmon-resonant gold nanorods have been examined as multifunctional agents for imaging and photoactivated therapies. Au nanorods can be imaged with single-particle sensitivity by two-photon luminescence (TPL) when excited by pulsed NIR laser irradiation, and have been detected in vivo while passing through blood vessels at subpicomolar concentrations. TPL imaging can also be used to characterize the targeted delivery of ligand-functionalized nanorods to tumor cells. Nanorods were coated with oligoethyleneglycol (OEG) units using in situ dithiocarbamate formation, a novel and robust method of surface functionalization. Nanorods coated with OEG were shielded from nonspecific cell uptake, whereas those functionalized with folate-terminated OEG chains accumulated on the surface of tumor cells expressing their cognate receptor. Cells labeled with folate-conjugated nanorods can mediate photothermal effects when irradiated at NIR wavelengths, often resulting in a dramatic blebbing of the cell membrane, which was determined to be caused indirectly by the influx of extracellular Ca2+ following perforation of the cell membrane. With respect to preclinical testing, a protocol has been developed for the exhaustive removal of CTAB, a cytotoxic surfactant used in nanorod synthesis. Treatment with polystyrenesulfonate can yield “CTAB-free” nanorods with negligible toxicity.
AGU Panel meets on career topics

Graduate students and their career opportunities in ocean and earth sciences were the focus of the Education and Human Resources (E & HR) Committee meeting held at the 1982 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco. A standing committee of AGU, the E & HR committee is responsible for matters concerning education in earth, ocean, and planetary sciences from precollege through graduate programs, including career guidance, academic preparation, student recruitment, and manpower supply and demand. At the meeting a draft of the AGU-sponsored Careers in Oceanography booklet by committee chairman C. Hollister was thoroughly discussed and a new draft will emerge soon for final approval. The booklet is designed to complement the Careers in Geophysics booklet recently published by AGU; the booklets contain information about planning a career, job opportunities, educational requirements, and a synopsis of where the prospective student might apply.
Land Fragmentation and Spatial Control in the Nazareth Metropolitan Area

This study demonstrates the linkage between national policy and its spatial expression at the local level. The Palestinian-Israeli conflict is shown to have significance within local government jurisdiction areas, manifested here through the ethnic dichotomization within the Nazareth conurbation in northern Israel. Government policy, both at the national and local levels, is responsible for uneven development between the Jewish and Arab municipalities. Land fragmentation and patterns of spatial control function to constrain and stunt urban growth and development in Arab Nazareth and the neighboring Arab urbanized villages.
Forward masking of the auditory nerve neurophonic (ANN) and the frequency following response (FFR)

Abstract The forward masking behavior of two averaged neurophonic responses was examined in cats. The auditory nerve neurophonic (ANN) was recorded with bipolar electrodes placed on the auditory nerve as it exits the internal meatus. The frequency following response (FFR) was recorded using scalp electrodes placed at the vertex and below the stimulated ear. Masking functions (response amplitude vs masker level) for frequencies both above and below the probe frequency were recorded. From these masking functions, 30% iso-depression contours (forward masking tuning curves, FMTCs) were constructed. The time course of the recovery from forward masking was also examined. It was found that the forward masking behavior of these neurophonics have many similarities to the behavior of other responses recorded using psychophysical and physiological methods. However, forward masking of the ANN and FFR has a number of unusual features. First, the best masking frequency (BMF), which in most forward masking studies is equal to the probe frequency, can be off-set from the probe frequency by as much as an octave. Second, the masker level at BMF can be as much as 30 dB below the probe level. Third, the magnitude of both of these off-sets is a function of the probe level. Fourth, low level neurophonic response could be enhanced by some forward ‘maskers’. The features of neurophonic forward masking are discussed and a model of the neurophonics is suggested. This model is based on the spatial distribution of phase and amplitude in the phase-locked activity in the auditory nerve and it can qualitatively account for many of the properties of the neurophonics.
Viscosity of polystyrene near the glass transition

A quantitative explanation is given for the apparent viscosity increase with increasing capillary shear rate for polystyrene at temperatures approaching the glass transition, Tg. Possible shifts in Tg as a function of the parameters shear rate, frequency, and pressure are interrelated to viscosity changes. Experimentally, the Instron capillary rheometer and the Weissenberg rheogoniometer provided a means for uncoupling the variables for individual consideration. Calculated and experimental data for the apparent viscosity as a function of the given parameters are presented and discussed. The explanation of the apparent viscosity increase in capillary flow can be quantitatively explained through the pressure dependence of Tg. Brief mention is made of the pressure effects on the Bagley and Rabinowitsch corrections normally made in capillary measurements.
Black African immigrant community leaders' views on participation in genomics research and DNA biobanking

Abstract Background The emergence of DNA biobanks and the power they lend to genomics research promise substantial advances in disease prevention and treatment. Greater participation of racial/ethnic minority populations is necessary to assure a future of personalized medicine for all. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore perspectives on genomics research and DNA biobanking among black African immigrants, an often overlooked US subpopulation. Methods As part of a larger staged study using community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods, we conducted four focus groups with 27 leaders in the black African immigrant community, exploring perceptions about genomics, barriers, and facilitators to participation in DNA biobanks and ethical ways to engage communities. Findings/Discussion Prominent in their views on genomics research was the legacy of colonial mistreatment and exploitation by Western researchers in their home countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The central dilemma for participants was balancing responsibilities to protect their people from harm and to find solutions for African generations to come. They insisted that nothing short of a transformation of research practice would elicit the full and sustained participation of African immigrants in the genomics enterprise. Conclusion To better align practice and policy in the field of genomics research and DNA biobanking with values expressed by African immigrant leaders, it is recommended that the field adopt a CBPR model for research and a benefit-sharing model for policy.
Heterogeneities and surface effects in glow discharge deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon films

Abstract In this paper the evidence for the presence of compositional and structural inhomogeneities in the bulk and near the interfaces of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films prepared by glow discharge decomposition of silane is reviewed. The dependence of various microstructures on preparation conditions is discussed. The strong effect of oxide layers and surface treatments on the electrical transport properties is illustrated by showing that a reversal in sign of the Staebler-Wronski effect on the conductance of p-type films can be obtained if a surface oxide layer is present.
Low velocity impact of transversely isotropic beams and plates

Abstract The dynamic structural contact problems of a rigid, smooth cylindrical striker impacting an elastically supported transversely isotropic beam and plate are solved. The solutions are obtained as a superposition of a static layer solution derived through the use of integral transforms with an elementary beam or plate theory solution that incorporates the dynamic effects. The problems are formulated in such a manner as to require the solution of a Volterra integral equation for each time step. Numerical results are presented for fixed and simply supported beams and plates. Three materials are used to study the effects of anisotropy: magnesium, which is nearly isotropic; cadmium, which is moderately anisotropic; and graphite/epoxy, which is highly anisotropic.
Material analysis using combined elastic recoil detection and Rutherford/enhanced Rutherford backscattering spectrometry

Abstract Three complimentary ion beam techniques will be combined in the analysis of oxide and nitride based materials, in particular BN SiC and La0.85Sr0.15CoO3. These materials can be synthesized over composition ranges which vary the physical and electrical properties, and therefore an accurate measure of the composition profiles is critical for controlling these properties. Elastic recoil detection (ERD) revealed the composition of light elements from H to O, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) gave the composition of heavier elements (e.g., Si, Sr, Co and La). Enhanced Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (ERBS) complimented these techniques by utilizing enhanced cross sections, greater than Rutherford, to increase the signal-to-noise ratio for analysis of mid-range elements O, C, and N. ERD with 24 MeV Si ions gave profiles for H, B, and N in thin films, and 30 MeV Si was able to profile O in the top portion of heavier samples. Although 2.8 MeV He RBS worked well for heavier elements, ERBS utilized He ions at 3.5 MeV for N analysis and 8.7 MeV for O analysis, because at these energies the cross sections are 2 and 22 times Rutherford, respectively. Also, the depth of analysis was greater with ERBS because of the increased incident energy.
ARF promotes MDM2 degradation and stabilizes p53: ARF-INK4a locus deletion impairs both the Rb and p53 tumor suppression pathways.

Abstract The INK4a-ARF locus encodes two unrelated proteins that both function in tumor suppression. p16 INK4a binds to and inhibits the activity of CDK4 and CDK6, and ARF arrests the cell cycle in a p53-dependent manner. We show here that ARF binds to MDM2 and promotes the rapid degradation of MDM2. This interaction is mediated by the exon 1β–encoded N-terminal domain of ARF and a C-terminal region of MDM2. ARF-promoted MDM2 degradation is associated with MDM2 modification and concurrent p53 stabilization and accumulation. The functional consequence of ARF-regulated p53 levels via MDM2 proteolysis is evidenced by the ability of ectopically expressed ARF to restore a p53-imposed G1 cell cycle arrest that is otherwise abrogated by MDM2. Thus, deletion of the ARF-INK4a locus simultaneously impairs both the INK4a–cyclin D/CDK4-RB and the ARF-MDM2-p53 pathways.
A comparison of the solution behavior of Pt(II) complexes of N,N′- and N,N-ethylenediaminediacetate (edda and uedda)

Abstract Pt(II) complexes of N , N ′-ethylenediaminediacetate (edda) and N , N -ethylenediaminediacetate (uedda) have been prepared from K 2 PtCl 4 by stepwise addition of the nitrogen backbone donors at pH ∼ 2.9 (50–60 °C, 60 h) and further coordination of the deprotonated carboxylate donors at pH ≥ 4 (65–75 °C, 24 h). Coordination of the glycinato donors was shown by 1 H and 13 C NMR and IR methods. The symmetrical edda ligands form 38.3% ( R , R )/( S , S )-[Pt(edda)] isomers and 61.7% meso ( R , S )/( S , R )-[Pt(edda)] isomers. All four forms of [Pt(edda)] undergo aquation of one in-plane glycinato donor in 72 h as detected by the appearance of a 13-line 1 H NMR pattern which may be deconvoluted into four AB glycinato sets. These results are indicative of pendant or ion-paired glycinato donor for [Pt(edda) (H 2 O)] which is placed either on the same side, or the opposite side, of the PtN 2 O 2 plane and coordinated glycinato donor. 195 Pt NMR shows that H 2 O is actually replaced by Cl − , i.e.[Pt(edda)Cl] − . The unsymmetrical [Pt II (uedda) X] (X = H 2 O, Cl − , OH − ) complex exhibits no major change over long time intervals (≥ 10 days, pD ∼ 6). The presence of a minor species at 15% abundance may be a similarly structured species as for [Pt(edda)(H 2 O)] with a pendant glycinato functionality. The major complex in solution is shown by the 1 H NMR with [NaCl] and [NaClO 4 ]-dependence studies to be [Pt(uedda)(H 2 O)] at low [Cl − ] and [Pt(uedda)Cl] − at 1.0 M Cl − . 195 Pt NMR confirms the formulation of X = H 2 O at low [Cl − ]. 1 H and 13 C NMR evidence supports one axially associated and one in-plane coordinated glycinato donor each for the major [Pt(uedda)(H 2 O)] complex. The 13 C NMR shows only one type of glycinato donor with a chemical shift of 189.3 ppm for the major species, and two types for the 15% species (185.6 and 170.5 ppm). The major species of [Pt(uedda)(H 2 O)] has only one type of carboxylate stretch in the IR spectra (1661 cm −1 ; shoulder feature at 1639 cm −1 ) which compares favorably with the fully-coordinated pair of glycinato donors of [Pt(edda)] (1640 cm −1 ). It is proposed that the structures of [Pt(uedda)(H 2 O] and [Pt(uedda)Cl] − are pseudo-square pyramids which illustrates the capacity of Pt(II) to adopt five-coordinate, 18-electron complexes when a suitable chelate ligand offers a fifth associable donor. These species are similar to the five-coordinate intermediates of ligand substitution reactions of typical square-planar Pt(II) complexes.
Evaluating the gap between industry assessment of job readiness and graduation standards in higher education institutions: the case of fashion studies

National Center on Education and the Economy reports have highlighted the need for the USA to prepare its labour force to meet the requirements of the new knowledge base economy. This study examined the current method used by higher education institutions to evaluate students' readiness to graduate with a Bachelors degree in fashion studies and benchmarked it to industry's evaluation of job readiness of new graduates using a critical thinking assessment model. These findings revealed a significant gap when it comes to validating academic readiness with industry expectations. These results are in line with Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development reports calling for immediate action to align higher education's strategic goals to meet the new global and competitive challenges.
Can infants be "taught" to attend to a new physical variable in an event category? The case of height in covering events

As they observe or produce events, infants identify variables that help them predict outcomes in each category of events. How do infants identify a new variable? An explanation-based learning (EBL) account suggests three essential steps: (1) observing contrastive outcomes relevant to the variable; (2) discovering the conditions associated with these outcomes; and (3) generating an explanation for the condition-outcome regularity discovered. In Experiments 1-3, 9-month-old infants watched events designed to "teach" them the variable height in covering events. After watching these events, designed in accord with the EBL account, the infants detected a height violation in a covering event, three months earlier than they ordinarily would have. In Experiments 4-6, the "teaching" events were modified to remove one of the EBL steps, and the infants no longer detected the height violation. The present findings thus support the EBL account and help specify the processes by which infants acquire their physical knowledge.
Kinematic dynamo action with helical symmetry in an unbounded fluid conductor: Part 1. Formulation and survey of low order cases

Abstract Kinematic dynamo action in an unbounded homogeneous, fluid conductor is studied from an exact, analytical viewpoint, by exploiting the mathematical tractibility of “helical symmetry,” uncovered by Lortz [1968a). The principal motivation is to elucidate how helical dynamos operate, to clarify their energetics, to extend Lortz's work where possible and to place helical dynamos within the more general context of dynamo theory. Lortz's novel helical coordinate system is first motivated and derived rationally. The velocity and magnetic fields are then projected onto helical coordinates and represented in terms of helical defining scalar functions dependent on only two helical coordinates. The unsteady dynamo equations, in helical variables, are next derived, and their invariance properties deduced. Attention is then focused on the steady state. Low order finite Fourier expansions for the dependence on the primary helical coordinate are introduced. Three different possible low order dynamo classes are ...
Provenance of the Middle Ordovician Blount clastic wedge, Georgia and Tennessee

Convergent tectonism along the Appalachian continental margin in Middle Ordovician time resulted in cratonward-prograding clastic wedges. Detrital modes of 52 sandstones of the Blount clastic wedge in Georgia and Tennessee are dominated by monocrystalline quartz (68%), feldspar (10%, plagioclase >K-feldspar), and pelitic rock fragments (10%), with lesser amounts of polycrystalline quartz (6%), chert (2%), low-grade metamorphic rock fragments (2%), and quartzofeldspathic rock fragments (0.3%). The primary source rocks were sedimentary; subordinate contributions were from low-grade metamorphic and plagioclase-rich plutonic and/or gneissic rocks. The composition of sandstones from the Martinsburg clastic wedge, based on point-counting 18 samples from the collection of McBride, and from the Taconic clastic wedge, based on data of Hiscott, is similar to the Blount clastic wedge except that Martinsburg and Taconic sandstones have additional evidence of derivation from intermediate or mafic volcanic and deep-water sedimentary source rocks, which were lacking in the Blount source terrane. The differences in provenance among the clastic wedges may indicate along-strike variations in tectonic style, or variations in the distribution of rock types, or differences in the level of erosion within orogenic terranes of similar origin.
On some stocxastic tactical antisubmarine games

Abstract : In this paper some mathematical models are developed of tactical problems which arise in Antisubmarine Warfare. Specifically, the authors consider a game of pursuit between a hunter-killer force, player 1, and a possible submarine, player 2. The game consists of a sequence of moves and it terminates when player 2 is caught or evades player 1. When the players move they observe the actual tactical configuration of the forces (state) and each player chooses a tactical plan from a finite collection. This joint choice of tactical plans determines an immediate payoff and a transition probability distribution over the states. Hence an expected payoff function is defined. Formally this game is a Terminating Stochastic Game and Shapley demonstrated the existence of a value and optimal strategies (solution). An iterative technique is proposed to approximate the solution to within desired accuracy. Each iteration of the technique is obtained by solving a set of linear programs.
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, and acute paraparesis.

OBJECTIVE: The triad of acute spontaneous intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), hydrocephalus, and profound paraparesis in the absence of anterior cerebral artery vasospasm or ischemia has not been described previously. In this report, we present 6 patients presenting with this triad and provide a critical analysis of the clinical characteristics, radiographic workup, and long-term outcome for such patients. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Six (0.9%) of 695 patients with nontraumatic SAH managed at Barnes-Jewish Hospital between January 2003 and January 2008 presented with profound paraparesis or paraplegia. All were Hunt and Hess Grade III or higher, and all had extensive SAH and ventriculomegaly on initial head computed tomography. Five patients underwent extensive spinal imaging, but no abnormality was identified. INTERVENTION: Five patients underwent surgical aneurysm obliteration, whereas 1 patient had no underlying aneurysm identified on multiple angiograms. All of the patients required urgent ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus, and 5 patients went on to require permanent shunt placement. Five of the 6 patients had gradual resolution of their presenting paraparesis over the course of 3 to 6 months. CONCLUSION: The clinical triad of SAH, hydrocephalus, and profound paraparesis has not been reported previously. In contrast to previous reports, these patients had aneurysms at varying sites, without evidence of vasospasm or ischemia. Interestingly, all required acute cerebrospinal fluid diversion, 5 of 6 patients required permanent shunting, and almost all demonstrated gradual and often complete resolution of their presenting paraparesis. The etiology of this syndrome remains to be defined, but a combined deleterious effect of SAH and acute ventricular distention on cerebral function is suggested.
Facilitating co-design for extreme-scale systems through lightweight simulation

This work focuses on tools for investigating algorithm performance at extreme scale with millions of concurrent threads and for evaluating the impact of future architecture choices to facilitate the co-design of high-performance computing (HPC) architectures and applications. The approach focuses on lightweight simulation of extreme-scale HPC systems with the needed amount of accuracy. The prototype presented in this paper is able to provide this capability using a parallel discrete event simulation (PDES), such that a Message Passing Interface (MPI) application can be executed at extreme scale, and its performance properties can be evaluated. The results of an initial prototype are encouraging as a simple hello world MPI program could be scaled up to 1,048,576 virtual MPI processes on a four-node cluster, and the performance properties of two MPI programs could be evaluated at up to 16,384 virtual MPI processes on the same system.
Drug Treatments in Criminal Justice Settings

The available evidence suggests that drug treatment can lead to modest, but real, reductions in criminal offending for drug-using criminal offenders. Considering the scope of the problem of drug-related crime and the expense of dealing with these issues, even marginal improvements can lead to important aggregate savings in both economic and humanitarian terms. More randomized, controlled trials of drug treatment in criminal justice programs will lead to a more sophisticated understanding of what kind of treatment works best for this group.
Historical trauma and substance use among Native Hawaiian college students.

Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders represent one of the fastest growing racial categories in the US and more than half a million individuals in the country currently identify themselves as full or part Native Hawaiian.1 Native Hawaiians are indigenous to the Hawaiian islands. Commonly subsumed under a broad category of “Asian/Pacific Islanders,” Native Hawaiians are often overlooked in research as a separate ethnic entity and, as a result, have been severely understudied. This is problematic because Native Hawaiians are known to be at markedly higher risks for poor health outcomes and health behaviors, including substance use, compared to most “Asian” groups (eg, Chinese, Japanese, Korean).2 For example, Native Hawaiians in Hawaii are at highest risk for cancer mortality3 and Native Hawaiians of all age-groups tend to show higher prevalence of tobacco and other substance use, compared to other ethnic groups in the state.4-6 Currently, little is known about substance use risk factors that are unique to Native Hawaiians. Researchers have stressed the need to study the health behaviors and health outcomes of high-risk ethnic groups in relation to the groups’ unique socio-cultural contexts.7 Native Hawaiians have had a unique history, thereby elevating the importance of examining substance use in this population.
Molecular inclusion complexation of tolbutamide with permethyl-β-cyclodextrin

The formation of a stable inclusion complex between tolbutamide and permethyl-β cyclodextrin was systematically studied. It shows that permethyl-β-CD forms a 1 : 1 complex with tolbutamide. Its molecular structure was elucidated by physicochemical methods including IR and high field NMR analysis. The influence of pennethyl-β-cyclodextrin on the hypoglycemic effect of tolbutamide was evaluated by measuring the blood glucose level. The reduction in plasma glucose was significantly greater when the rabbits were treated with the complex than with tolbutamide alone. The enhancement of the bioavailability of tolbutamide by permethyl-β-cyclodextrin is likely attributed to the molecular inclusion effect.
POINTLIKE SETS, HYPERDECIDABILITY AND THE IDENTITY PROBLEM FOR FINITE SEMIGROUPS

In this paper, we give a relationship between the identity problem and the problem of deciding whether certain subsets of nilpotent semigroups are pointlike. We then use this to give an example of a pseudovariety which has a decidable membership problem, but for which one cannot decide pointlike sets. Then, by modifying the equations, we show that no graph is fundamentally hyperdecidable by constructing, for each graph, a labeling over a nilpotent semigroup for which we cannot decide inevitability with respect to the pseudovariety defined by these equations.
Some reflections on the two psychologies of love

The mainstream view of love is that it is a state that arises from people mutually reinforcing each other or providing benefits to each other Yet careful quantitative analyses of imaginative thought patterns of people in love or in a state of affiliative arousal reveal themes of dialogue, commitment, and harmony rather than of mutual benefits It is suggested that asking people about love leads them to give causal explanations for the state which psychologists have elaborated into the theory that love is a response to having one's needs met Imaginative experiences characteristic of the state of being in love on the other hand may be different because they are primarily right brain mediated and do not share in the causal, instrumental type of reasoning characteristic of left brain conscious thinking Such conceivably right brain mediated experiences in TATs are more closely associated than presumably left brain mediated self-reports are with such physiological measures as evoked scalp potentials, neurohormone concentrations, and immune functions A vew of love that takes both self-report (left brain) and fantasy (right brain) measures into account does a better job of predicting affiliative behavior than does a view that relies solely on one or the other of the two types of measures
File-based media workflows using ltfs tapes

While digital video cameras have existed for over two decades digital video cassettes are still the primary storage medium in professional video archives. One of the major inhibitors in the transition to file-based workflows and media archives is the lack of an affordable, portable and archive compatible storage medium for the vast amounts of content produced. We address this need by a) defining the Linear Tape File System (LTFS) tape format for storing files, file properties, hierarchical directories and extended attributes; b) building file system software that allows LTFS tapes to be used in the same way as portable storage devices and c) leveraging LTFS to create efficient file-based media workflows. In the exhibit we present LTFS on LTO-5 (Linear Tape Open, Gen 5) tapes. We demonstrate file-based workflows with storyboards, video proxies and partial video restore of MXF (Material Exchange Format) professional video content. LTFS on LTO-5 tape can be 20 times higher in capacity, 10 times faster and 40 times cheaper than digital video cassette media. Furthermore, it combines the benefits of tape-based and file-based workflows. The new tape format streamlines file-based production, from video capture and transport to long-term archive. The tape format and file system implementation are available as open source.