cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective neuronal glycoconjugate expression in sensory and autonomic ganglia : relation of lectin reactivity to peptide and enzyme markers

Several plant lectins were used to characterize the cell-surface carbohydrates expressed on sensory ganglion cells and their central terminals in the spinal cord dorsal horn. In the rat, galactose-terminal glycoconjugates on a large subpopulation of small neurons whose central axons project to the substantia gelatinosa were demonstrated with the α-D-galactose-specificGriffonia Simplicifolia I-B4 (GSA) lectin. This neuron subset was labelled by alternative D-galactose-, N-Acetylgalactosamine-, and βGal(1,3)NAcGal-binding lectins. Similar GSA lectin reactivity was also illustrated in selected peripheral autonomic, gustatory and visceral sensory and enteric neurons, and the accessory olfactory bulb. The sensory neuron-specific isoenzyme, fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP) co-localized with the GSA lectin, as did the monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2C5, which is directed against a lactoseries carbohydrate constituting a backbone structure of ABH human blood group antigens. In contrast, calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactivity (CGRP-IR), used as a representative marker of peptidergic neurons, exhibited limited co-localization with GSA. A polyclonal anti-rat red blood cell (RBC) antibody co-localized with GSA, suggesting that lectin-reactive carbohydrates on rat sensory neurons are related to rat RBC antigens. In the human spinal cord, thel-fucose-bindingUlex europaeus-I (UEA) lectin also labelled the substantia gelatinosa; in rabbit, a small sensory ganglion cell subset and the spinal cord substantia gelatinosa was co-labelled by both the GSA and UEA lectins.
Electronic structure and superconductivity of CaAlSi and SrAlSi

We report full-potential linear augmented plane-wave calculations for CaAlSi and SrAlSi in ordered structures and in the virtual-crystal approximation, at normal and elevated pressures. We also estimate the electron-phonon coupling using frozen-phonon calculations at the zone center, and the rigid muffin-tin approximation. We conclude that there is no simple way to explain the recently reported qualitative disparity in the superconducting properties of the two compounds. An assumption of an ultrasoft phonon mode, on the other hand, allows to reconcile the experimental findings with the theory in a reasonable way.
Validation of an enzyme immunoassay for human choriogonadotropin as a tumor marker test

We have evaluated a commercially available enzyme immunoassay for the determination of human choriogonadotropin (HCG) in human serum. The polyclonal antiserum to the β subunit of HCG was found to have less than 1.0% cross-reaction with lutropin (LH). The sensitivity of the assay was 1.0 mlU/ml, and the precision of the method, as measured by the coefficient of variation, was 3.8% at x = 12.8 mlu/ml and 5.4% at x = 66.3 mlu/ml. The upper limit of normal for the method, based on the 95th percentile, was as follows: men: <1.0 mlU/ml; premenopausal women: <1.7 mlU/ml; postmenopausal women: <3.9 mlU/ml. A method comparison study of 132 patient samples (radioimmunoassay vs enzyme immunoassay) gave a correlation coefficient of 0.959, with a slope of 0.963 and a y intercept of –0.683. A total of 422 enzyme immunoassays were performed on serial serum specimens collected from 42 patients with various clinical conditions associated with serum HCG abnormality. Excellent correlation was observed between the serial HCG pattern and the clinical course of the patients. The clinical correlations demonstrated the accuracy of the enzyme immunoassay for HCG and validate its use as a tumor marker test.
Embolization of a Sciatic Artery Aneurysm. An Alternative to Surgery: A Case Report:

An elderly woman was admitted with a 2-day history of pain, numbness and coolness of the left lower limb. The left foot on examination was cool and blue with no palpable pulse nor motor or sensory function. An arteriogram demon strated a dilated persistent sciatic artery. The superficial femoral artery was hypoplastic and there was poor visualization of the distal circulation. At surgery an occluded popliteal artery was found. Attempts to open the occluded artery were unsuccessful and a left fibulectomy and fasciotomy was performed and the patient started on intravenous heparin. The patient's condition deteriorated and on the 4th hospital day an above-knee amputation was undertaken. The patient made an uneventful recovery and was subsequently discharged. At follow-up a month later the aneurysm was still patent and strongly pulsatile. She was read mitted to the hospital and the aneurysm was successfully embolized.
Detection, Validation, and Application of Genotyping-by-Sequencing Based Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Upland Cotton

The presence of two closely related subgenomes in the allotetraploid Upland cotton, combined with a narrow genetic base of the cultivated varieties, has hindered the identification of poly morphic genetic markers and their use in improving this important crop. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) is a rapid way to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers; however, these SNPs may be specific to the sequenced cotton lines. Our objec tive was to obtain a large set of polymorphic SNPs with broad applicability to the cultivated cotton germplasm. We selected 11 diverse cultivars and their random-mated recombinant inbred progeny for SNP marker development via GBS. Two different GBS methodologies were used by Data2Bio (D2B) and the Institute for Genome Diversity (IGD) to identify 4441 and 1176 polymorphic SNPs with minor allele frequency of ³0.1, respec tively. We further filtered the SNPs and aligned their sequences to the diploid Gossypium raimondii reference genome. We were able to use homeologous SNPs to assign 1071 SNP loci to the At subgenome and 1223 to the Dt subgenome. These filtered SNPs were located in genic regions about twice as frequently as expected by chance. We tested 111 of the SNPs in 154 diverse Upland cotton lines, which confirmed the utility of the SNP mark ers developed in such approach. Not only were the SNPs identified in the 11 cultivars present in the 154 cotton lines, no two cultivars had identical SNP genotypes. We conclude that GBS can be easily used to discover SNPs in Upland cotton, which can be converted to functional genotypic assays for use in breeding and genetic studies.
Frequency stabilization of a continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser

Measurements of the spectral density of frequency fluctuations are reported for an actively stabilized cw Ti:sapphire laser. For a servo loop incorporating an intracavity translatable mirror and an external-cavity acousto-optic modulator, a linewidth of 1.0 kHz rms is obtained for the fluctuations of the laser frequency as recorded within the servo loop. The modulation index associated with the frequency deviations is considerably less than one over most of the Fourier spectrum, indicating operation in a domain of small phase noise for the fluctuations of the electric field.
Writing about the Perceived Benefits of Traumatic Events: Implications for Physical Health

Research by Pennebaker and his colleagues supports the healing power of writing about traumatic events. This study explored the importance of writing about the perceived benefits of traumatic events as a factor in this process. The study included 118 participants who were randomly assigned to write about one of four topics in a 2 (writing about perceived benefits vs. not writing about perceived benefits)×2 (writing about trauma vs. not writing about trauma) factorial design. Participants also completed questionnaire measures of subjective well-being and released health center information for the year. Participants who wrote only about trauma or perceived benefits showed significantly fewer health center visits for illness 3 months after writing. In addition, 5 months after writing, the trauma-only and perceived-benefits-only groups maintained a difference from the control group. These results suggest that writing about perceived benefits from traumatic events may provide a less upsetting but effective way...
SOME LOANABLE‐FUNDS CONCEPTS AND BANKING THEORY

RECENT EMPIRICAL STUDIES of the American capital market have spurred a revival of interest in banking theory.' The growth since 1900 of non-bank financial intermediaries relative to commercial banks has prompted J. G. Gurley and E. S. Shaw to question the continued usefulness of the neoclassical distinction between bank and non-bank financial institutions. In their well-known 1955 paper they argued:
Analyzing dynamic performance of power systems over parameter space using normal forms of vector fields. I. Identification of vulnerable regions

Summary form only given, as follows. This is the first part of a two-part paper discussing the dynamic performance of power systems over parameter space using the method of normal forms. A new normal form transformation is derived under the second order resonance condition. By using the resonance condition as a guide to indicate detrimental system dynamic performance, the authors propose a computationally efficient method to study the system under varying parameters. An approach to determine the resonance and near-resonance region in the parameter space is developed. For the resonance case, conclusions are drawn by simply examining the analytic solutions. For the near-resonance case, the machine states showing poor performance can be found by tracing the dominant nonlinear modal interaction and mode-machine interaction. The method is tested on the IEEE 50-generator system. The results reveal many interesting characteristics of the system related to resonance and near-resonance, which validates the effectiveness of the method as a useful analytical tool for system operation and design. Further work on quantifying the effect of the modal interactions on the machine states is presented in Part II.
Identification and characterization of unique tumoricidal genes in rat umbilical cord matrix stem cells.

Rat umbilical cord matrix stem cells (UCMSC) have been shown to exhibit a remarkable ability to control rat mammary adenocarcinoma (Mat B III) cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. To study the underlying mechanisms and genes involved in Mat B III growth attenuation, total RNA was extracted from the naive rat UCMSC alone and those cocultured with Mat B III in Transwell culture dishes. Gene expression profiles of naive rat UCMSC alone and those cocultured with Mat B III cells were investigated by microarray analysis using an Illumina RatRef-12 Expression BeadChip. The comparison of gene expression profiles between untreated and cocultured rat UCMSC identified five upregulated candidate genes (follistatin (FST), sulfatase1 (SULF-1), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), HtrA serine peptidase (HTRA1), and adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP)) and two downregulated candidate genes (transforming growth factor, beta-induced, 68 kDa (TGFβI) and podoplanin (PDPN)) based upon the following screeni...
Microarray identification of novel downstream targets of FoxD4L1/D5, a critical component of the neural ectodermal transcriptional network

FoxD4L1/D5 is a forkhead transcription factor that functions as both a transcriptional activator and repressor. FoxD4L1/D5 acts upstream of several other neural transcription factors to maintain neural fate, regulate neural plate patterning, and delay the expression of neural differentiation factors. To identify a more complete list of downstream genes that participate in these earliest steps of neural ectodermal development, we carried out a microarray analysis comparing gene expression in control animal cap ectodermal explants (ACs), which will form epidermis, to that in FoxD4L1/D5-expressing ACs. Forty-four genes were tested for validation by RT-PCR of ACs and/or in situ hybridization assays in embryos; 86% of those genes up-regulated and 100% of those genes down-regulated in the microarray were altered accordingly in one of these independent assays. Eleven of these 44 genes are of unknown function, and we provide herein their developmental expression patterns to begin to reveal their roles in ectodermal development. Developmental Dynamics 239:3467–3480, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Efficient security primitives derived from a secure aggregation algorithm

By functionally decomposing a specific algorithm (the hierarchical secure aggregation algorithm of Chan et al. [3] and Frikken et al. [7]), we uncover a useful general functionality which we use to generate various efficient network security primitives, including: a signature scheme ensuring authenticity, integrity and non-repudiation for arbitrary node-to-node communications; an efficient broadcast authentication algorithm not requiring time synchronization; a scheme for managing public keys in a sensor network without requiring any asymmetric cryptographic operations to verify the validity of public keys, and without requiring nodes to maintain node revocation lists. Each of these applications uses the same basic data aggregation primitive and thus have O(log n) congestion performance and require only that symmetric secret keys are shared between each node and the base station. We thus observe the fact that the optimizations developed in the application area of secure aggregation can feed back into creating more optimized versions of highly general, basic security functions.
Adaptive indirect effects: the fitness of burying beetles with and without their phoretic mites

Any behavior that equally affects a group of organisms cannot be selected by the evolutionary forces operating within that group. The evolution of such behaviors requires a population structure consisting of many groups that vary in their genetic and/or species composition. In this paper we present evidence for the evolution of behaviors with shared consequences in phoretic mites that utilizeNicrophorus beetles (Silphidae) for transport. Eighteen experiments, totalling over 1500 beetle broods, demonstrate that the mites (1) have no negative effects on the beetles at normal densities, (2) occasionally have short-term beneficial effects, (3) appear to have long-term beneficial effects that require a period of time to manifest themselves, and (4) themselves have negative effects at abnormal densities. A survey of other phoretic associations indicates a similar mix of commensalism and mutualism. We conclude that most phoretic associations have evolved to eliminate their own negative effects on the carrier, and also have evolved positive effects when the ecological situation permits.
Thermal and spectroscopic characterization of a triaryl phosphate hydraulic fluid

The thermal stability of a commercial triaryl phosphate hydraulic fluid has been assessed using thermogravimetry and pyrolysis. This material is a mixture of triaryl phosphates containing a predominance of triphenyl phosphate. It is volatile at higher temperatures. At temperatures below its boiling point, in the presence of air, it slowly decomposes to evolve phenolic fragments.
Global Health and Emergency Care: An Undergraduate Medical Education Consensus‐based Research Agenda

Global emergency medicine (EM) is a rapidly growing field within EM, as evidenced by the increasing number of trainees and clinicians pursuing additional experiences in global health and emergency care. In particular, many trainees now desire opportunities at the postgraduate level by way of global EM fellowship programs. Despite this growing popularity, little is known of the effects of postgraduate training in global health and emergency care on learners and patients in the United States and abroad. During the 2013 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference on global health and emergency care, a group of leading educators at the postgraduate medical education level convened to generate a research agenda of pressing questions to be answered in this area. The consensus-based research agenda is presented in this article. Resumen La medicina de urgencias y emergencias (MUE) global es un campo con un rapido crecimiento dentro de la medicina de urgencias y emergencias, como pone de manifiesto el aumento del numero de estudiantes y clinicos que buscan experiencias adicionales de atencion urgente y salud global. Particularmente, muchos residentes desean ahora oportunidades durante su formacion de postgrado a traves de los programas de postgrado en MUE global. A pesar de esta creciente popularidad, poco se sabe del impacto de la formacion de postgrado en salud global y atencion urgente en los residentes y los pacientes en Estados Unidos y en el extranjero. Durante la Conferencia Consenso de la Academic Emergency Medicine de 2013, un grupo de los principales profesores de medicina de postgrado se reunieron para generar un programa de investigacion con preguntas prioritarias para ser contestadas en esta area. Este programa de investigacion basado en el consenso se presenta en este articulo.
Learning from Others: Children's Construction of Concepts

Much of children's knowledge is derived not from their direct experiences with the environment but rather from the input of others. However, until recently, the focus in studies of concept development was primarily on children's knowledge, with relatively little attention paid to the nature of the input. The past 10 years have seen an important shift in focus. This article reviews this approach, by examining the nature of the input and the nature of the learner, to shed light on early conceptual learning. These findings argue against the simple notion that conceptual development is either supplied by the environment or innately specified, and instead demonstrate how the two work together. The implications for how children reconcile competing belief systems are also discussed.
A profile of patients with hyperparathyroidism undergoing lithium therapy for affective psychiatric disorders.

Background. Our objective was to evaluate whether lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism (LIHPT) is caused by single-gland versus multigland disease. Methods. Medical records of 7 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for LIHPT were reviewed. Results. The mean preoperative calcium was 11.1 � 0.7 mg/dL. Six of 7 patients were rendered eucalcemic with sur- gery. Of the 6 patients successfully treated with surgery, 4 had single-gland disease, 1 had double adenomas, and 1 had 4-gland hyperplasia. Intraoperative intact serum parathyroid hormone (iPTH) accurately predicted resolution of hyperpara- thyroidism in 6 of 7 patients. One patient then subsequently developed persistent hyperparathyroidism refractory to further surgery. Localization studies defined the extent of disease in 5 of 7 patients. Conclusion. LIHPT presents with a spectrum of disease ranging from single-gland to multigland disease. The utility of preoperative localization studies and intraoperative iPTH in this population is uncertain. Bilateral exploration may be best to achieve a resolution of LIHPT. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 33: 925-927, 2011
Classroom Activities to Illustrate Concepts of Darcy’s Law and Hydraulic Conductivity

A Darcy bottle is a water bottle that is filled with porous material and liquid, and that contains a drain assembly on the bottom of the bottle to allow liquid to drain. A collection of Darcy bottles with different cross-sectional area, different types and amounts of porous material, and different types and amounts of liquid are used in a series of classroom activities to illustrate Darcy’s law and basic concepts of hydraulic conductivity. Each activity can be completed in a few minutes, and can be conducted during a regular class period to supplement the lecture. Assessment results show that the Darcy bottle activities enhance student learning, particularly for less intuitive concepts.
Evaluating the effects of trophic complexity on a keystone predator by disassembling a partial intraguild predation food web

Summary 1. Many taxa can be found in food webs that differ in trophic complexity, but it is unclear how trophic complexity affects the performance of particular taxa. In pond food webs, larvae of the salamander Ambystoma opacum occupy the intermediate predator trophic position in a partial intraguild predation (IGP) food web and can function as keystone predators. Larval A. opacum are also found in simpler food webs lacking either top predators or shared prey. 2. We conducted an experiment where a partial IGP food web was simplified, and we measured the growth and survival of larval A. opacum in each set of food webs. Partial IGP food webs that had either a low abundance or high abundance of total prey were also simplified by independently removing top predators and ⁄ or shared prey. 3. Removing top predators always increased A. opacum survival, but removal of shared prey had no effect on A. opacum survival, regardless of total prey abundance. 4. Surprisingly, food web simplification had no effect on the growth of A. opacum when present in food webs with a low abundance of prey but had important effects on A. opacum growth in food webs with a high abundance of prey. Simplifying a partial IGP food web with a high abundance of prey reduced A. opacum growth when either top predators or shared prey were removed from the food web and the loss of top predators and shared prey influenced A. opacum growth in a nonadditive fashion. 5. The non-additive response in A. opacum growth appears to be the result of supplemental prey availability augmenting the beneficial effects of top predators. Top predators had a beneficial effect on A. opacum populations by reducing the abundance of A. opacum present and thereby reducing the intensity of intraspecific competition. 6. Our study indicates that the effects of food web simplification on the performance of A. opacum are complex and depend on both how a partial IGP food web is simplified and how abundant prey are in the food web. These findings are important because they demonstrate how trophic complexity can create variation in the performance of intermediate predators that play important roles in temporary pond food webs.
Brachial artery conductance during reactive hyperemia is increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective To examine changes in brachial artery conductance (BAC) during reactive hyperemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to controls.
Hwa Yol Jung and the Question of Comparative Philosophy: A Review of Hwa Yol Jung’s Transversal Rationality and Intercultural Texts

In an essay that is now a classic piece in understanding post-modern culture, JeanFrancois Lyotard wrote, ‘‘[e]clecticism is the degree zero of contemporary general culture: one listens to reggae, watches a western, eats McDonald’s food for lunch and local cuisine for dinner, wears Paris perfume in Tokyo and ‘retro’ clothes in Hong Kong’’ (Lyotard 1989: 76). The boundaries have become blurred in both positive and negative senses. Geographical borders have loosened through everincreasing mobility as cultural exchanges become more accessible and are rapidly flowing through electronic exchanges in the cyberspace arena. Almost a quarter century after Lyotard described the present era as the time of eclecticism, the world has become more global, and the demand for cross-, inter-, and multi-cultural knowledge has become stronger than ever. In this context, globalization, cosmopolitanism, and world-citizenship have become some of the expressions with which the present time is defined and distinguished. These concepts, however, have not been newly created in our time, but rather have existed in philosophical discourse for centuries. One recent predecessor of these concepts can be found in modernist universalism, which many of the post-modern thinkers, including Lyotard himself, have rigorously challenged. In what sense, then, can we claim that globalization, cosmopolitanism, and world-citizenship positively define the post-modern era, without recourse to modernist universalism, and without risking the totalitarian tendency with which modernity and modernism has been frequently related? Reading Hwa Yol Jung’s recent publication, Transversal Rationality and Intercultural Texts: Essays in Phenomenology and Comparative Philosophy (Ohio University Press, 2011), one finds that one of the major concerns of the book is
Location management framework for next generation wireless systems

Overlapping coverage areas of the systems in next generation networks cause high signaling overhead if the users are tracked in multiple systems independently. Selecting the system over which paging can be done is yet another problem. In this paper, we present a general next generation wireless network architecture and propose a location registration scheme that updates the location information only in the relevant subsystems. We also propose an efficient paging scheme that exploits the location information in multiple subsystems. User preferences, network availability, and connection history are considered while determining the subsystems to be used for location registration and paging.
Pneumothorax during dental care.

Pneumothorax is defined clinically as an “accumulation of air or gas between the parietal and visceral pleurae,”[1][1] and whereas it is often not a medical emergency, it can result in respiratory distress, tension pneumothorax, shock, circulatory collapse, and even death. Although there are
Particle-in-cell simulations of microdischarges with extremely small characteristic sizes

Summary form only given. Characterized by its small size (<;1 mm), a microdischarge has some unique features that do not exist in its large-scale counterpart. A very interesting feature of microdischarges is the significant impact of field emission when gap size is extremely small (usually <;10 μm). Because of the small size of a microdischarge, field emission can be ignited by applying a reasonable electric potential, and the current production can be quite sensitive to the field strength. This work considers the interaction between the microdischarge and field emission under various gas pressures, from low vacuum to atmospheric. One dimensional particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision simulations show a significant enhancement of the field emission current due to the existence of ions. Ions generated in the microgap move much slower than their electron counter parts such that a positive space charge accumulates, altering the electric field in the electrode gap. Because of the sensitivity of field emission to the electric field, as predicted by the Fowler-Nordheim equation, even a slight change in electric field caused by the ionic space charge can lead to a significant enhancement of field emission. Understanding this interplay between the microdischarge and field emission will lead to greater insight in the breakdown process in microscale electrode gaps as well as reveal how field emission fundamentally affects microdischarge properties.
Identification and characterization of a novel, evolutionarily conserved gene disrupted by the murine H beta 58 embryonic lethal transgene insertion.

The H beta 58 transgenic mouse line carries a recessive insertional mutation that results in developmental abnormalities beginning at day 7.5 p.c. and embryonic arrest at about day 9.5. In this paper, we describe the characterization of a novel gene encoded at the H beta 58 locus, whose disruption appears to be responsible for the mutant phenotype. The wild-type H beta 58 gene encodes a single 2.7 kb mRNA during embryonic and fetal development, and in many adult somatic tissues. In the mutant locus, this transcription unit is split by the transgene insertion, and one of its coding exons is deleted. Consistent with the physical disruption of the gene, the level of the H beta 58 mRNA in heterozygous mutant mouse tissues was half the normal level, indicating that the mutant allele fails to encode a stable mRNA. In situ hybridization studies revealed that expression of the wild-type H beta 58 gene begins in the oocyte, and continues throughout pre- and post-implantation embryogenesis, despite the fact that homozygous mutant embryos develop successfully through the egg cylinder stage (day 6.5 p.c.). In the early post-implantation embryo, expression of the normal H beta 58 gene is relatively low in the embryonic ectoderm, the tissue displaying the earliest phenotypic effects of the mutation, and highest in the visceral endoderm. We therefore propose that the effects of the mutation on the embryonic ectoderm may be exerted indirectly, via the visceral endoderm. Sequence analysis of H beta 58 cDNA clones revealed no homology between the 38 × 10(3) M(r) H beta 58 protein and other known proteins. However, the H beta 58 gene displayed extremely strong conservation between mammals and birds (greater than 96% amino acid identity), although it appeared less conserved in amphibians and invertebrates.
Undergraduate Appraisal Education in the United States

Valuation of real assets is a fundamental function of real estate professionals. As a result, real estate appraisal is, or should be, a common element in most undergraduate real estate programs. Appraisal courses, however, are taught by faculty who, as a result of variations in education and professional experience, deliver courses that differ in many substantive aspects. An analysis of syllabi collected from a national survey of real estate programs is used to determine where appraisal is being taught and what is being taught. The goal is the construction of benchmarks for appraisal education at the university level while providing a snapshot of course offerings and the place of appraisal within university curriculums.
Zamindars, inheritance law and the spread of the waqf in the United Provinces at the turn of the twentieth century

The second half of the nineteenth century witnessed the fragmentation and transfer of Muslim-owned estates in the United Provinces to Hindus of non-agrarian castes. This was followed by increasing ...
Serum antibody titers to Candida albicans utilizing an immunofluorescent technic.

The results of serologic tests for Candida albicans have often been inconsistent with the disease state. A high incidence of positive agglutination tests in healthy controls has been demonstrated in several studies, and titers of this type of antibody are not usually diagnostically meaningful. The detection of precipitins in Ouchterlony plates has been considered reliable evidence for systemic candidiasis because serum from healthy controls and patients with mucocutaneous candidiasis did not contain precipitating antibodies." However, Chew and Theus, using serum from human volunteers and Preer immunodiffusion tubes, demonstrated precipitins to Group A C. albicans mannan (a polysaccharide surface antigen) in healthy individuals as well as in patients with mucocutaneous candidiasis. Furthermore, precipitin bands were present in Ouchterlony plates if the serum tested had a relatively high Preer tube titer. These authors suggested that the presence of serum precipitins to C. albicans were probably not as specific for systemic candidiasis as had been previously supposed. In 195S, Vogel and Padula described a method for detecting serum antibodies to C. albicans with the use of fluorescein labeled antihuman globulin. Lehner subsequently studied a series of patients including healthy controls, carriers, and patients with oral candidiasis. Low titers were observed in the controls and carriers, but the majority of individuals with oral lesions exhibited higher levels of activity. Higher titers to C. albicans were also demonstrated in saliva from the latter group by use of immunofluorescent technic. The present study was undertaken to
Outdoor Activity and High Altitude Exposure During Pregnancy: A Survey of 459 Pregnancies

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether women engage in outdoor activities and high altitude travel during pregnancy; the health care advice received regarding high altitude during pregnancy; and the association between high altitude exposure and self-reported pregnancy complications. Methods An online survey of women with at least 1 pregnancy distributed on websites and e-mail lists targeting mothers and/or mountain activities. Outcome measures were outdoor activities during pregnancy, high altitude (>2440 m) exposure during pregnancy, and pregnancy and perinatal complications. Results Hiking, running, and swimming were the most common activities performed during pregnancy. Women traveled to high altitude in over half of the pregnancies (244/459), and most did not receive counseling regarding altitude (355, 77%), although a small proportion (14, 3%) were told not to go above 2440 m. Rates of miscarriage and most other complications were similar between pregnancies with and without travel above 2440 m. Pregnancies with high altitude exposure were more likely to have preterm labor (odds ratio [OR] 2.3; 95% CI 0.97−5.4; P = .05). Babies born to women who went to high altitude during pregnancy were more likely to need oxygen at birth (OR 2.34; 95% CI 1.04−5.26; P P = not significant). Conclusions Our results suggest pregnant women who are active in outdoor sports and travel to high altitude have a low rate of complications. Given the limitations of our data, further research is necessary on the risks associated with high altitude travel and physical activity and how these apply to the general population.
Advantages of Reputation Over Repeated Interaction

In this chapter, we will examine the results of a simulation model developed by the authors that includes explicit representation of reputation. The model, which will be examined at some length, was worked out to examine the effect of reputation on the efficiency of norm-abiding behaviour. Results of simulations using different scenarios, including mixed populations of norm-abiders and cheaters, will be discussed. A variant of this model meant to explore the reproductive benefit of the normative behaviour will be presented and discussed.
Energy Optimization of Cache Hierarchy in Multicore Real-Time Systems

Computation using single-core processors has hit the power wall on its way of performance improvement. Chip multiprocessor (CMP) architectures, which integrates multiple processing units on a single integrated circuit (IC), have been widely adopted by major vendors like Intel, AMD, IBM and ARM in both general-purpose computers (e.g., [48]) and embedded systems (e.g., [2, 83]). Multicore processors are able to run multiple threads in parallel at lower power dissipation per unit of performance. Despite the inherent advantages, energy conservation is still a primary concern in multicore system optimization. While power consumption is a key concern in designing any computing devices, energy efficiency is especially critical for embedded systems. Real-time systems that run applications with timing constraints require unique considerations. Due to the ever growing demands for parallel computing, real-time systems commonly employ multicore processors nowadays [140, 148].
Genomic Composition of Howell-Jolly Bodies.

Erythrocyte inclusion bodies that are now commonly referred to as Howell-Jolly Bodies (HJB) were originally discovered over 100 years ago by microscopy. These nuclear fragments are observed in the erythrocytes of patients lacking splenic function, but their precise genomic origins are vague. Here we report studies of the genetic content of HJB using a molecular cytogenetic method known as Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH). Peripheral blood samples from six splenectomized human donors were studied. All donors had undergone splenectomies prior to this study for diagnostic and therapeutic indications related to underlying neoplastic and autoimmune disease. Ultrasound testing was used to rule out the presence of accessory splenic tissue, and peripheral blood smears confirmed the presence of HJB. Nucleated cells were removed by density gradients and leukocyte filtration for use as patient-matched controls. DNA was isolated from the leukocytes and HJB-containing erythrocytes. The presence of high molecular weight HJB DNA was confirmed in each sample using gel electrophoresis. As expected, it was not possible to obtain sufficient quantities of DNA from the control erythrocytes of healthy individuals with normal splenic function. CGH was performed using equivalent amounts of reference genomic DNA co-hybridized with HJB DNA or matched donor leukocyte DNA. Agilent oligonucleotide CGH arrays were hybridized and scanned according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The control hybridizations (genomic DNA isolated from donor leukocytes) demonstrated standard patterns consistent with the donor’s karyotype. In contrast, the HJB hybridization signals demonstrated an unusual pattern of centromeric-to-telomeric enrichment on each chromatid of each chromosome. The HJB hybridization signals also increased as a function of distance from the centromere according to the chromatid size. The enhanced signal relative to centromeric distance varied considerably between chromosomes, but was remarkably consistent between donors. These data suggest Howell-Jolly Bodies contain a non-random distribution of centromere-depleted chromatin generated after DNA double-strand breakage during erythroid differentiation.
Practical applications of supramolecular chemistry

This year marks the 50th anniversary of Charles Pedersen's discovery of crown ethers, what is widely considered the birth of supramolecular chemistry. Since then, the field has progressed greatly, winning two Nobel Prizes and seeing the implementation of many practical applications. In commemoration, we are exploring the more recent advances of the field, which have made it past the realm of chemistry, into the real world. Though not a comprehensive review, the topics that we discuss here are supramolecular sensors, imaging for medical applications, metal extraction from ores and nuclear waste, as well as drug delivery.
Tailoring Auxetic and Contractile Graphene to Achieve Interface Structures with Fully Mechanically Controllable Thermal Transports

Graphene is considered as an ideal material candidate for next-generation electronic devices due to its high carrier mobility while the associated thermal management has become a critical barrier. Designing graphene whose thermal transport properties can be tuned through external fields is highly desired. Here, an auxetic graphene (AG) and a contractile graphene (CG) are created and a conceptual design of thermal controllable graphene heterostructures is demonstrated by tailoring them together. Using computational simulations, it is shown that the thermal conductivity of graphene heterostructures can be regulated by patterning AG and CG unit cells with different interface properties under a uniaxial tensile strain. Analyses of both mechanical deformation and vibrational spectra indicate that the thermal transport properties of graphene heterostructures are highly dependent on their mechanical stress distribution, and also rely on the interfaces that are parallel with the directions of mechanical loadings. Theoretical models that integrate the contributions of mechanical loading and patterned-interfaces are developed to quantitatively describe the thermal conductivity of graphene heterostructures. Good agreement of thermal conductivity between theoretical predictions and extensive simulations is obtained. These designs and findings are expected to pave a new route to seek interface-mediated stretchable thermal electronics with mechanically controllable performance.
Explicit Instruction: Historical and Contemporary Contexts

Over the past 20-plus years, the instructional approach referred to as “explicit instruction” has been increasingly mentioned as an instructional method in the learning disabilities literature. Explicit instruction is not a unitary intervention, but can be a combination of over a dozen teaching behaviors or components used to design and deliver instruction. This multicomponent aspect likely contributes to the variability of the descriptions and definitions of explicit instruction found in journals, books, and other published documents. Because explicit instruction has become a prominent and often discussed topic in special education, we attempt to define and describe the term more precisely in order to increase the clarity and consistency of its use in both research and practice. In addition, we expand our discussion to include a brief historical perspective of the evolution of explicit instruction from earlier programs and research efforts such as “Direct Instruction” and “direct instruction,” as well as providing a summary of its effectiveness, especially for students with learning disabilities.
LIFE THREATENING ARRHYTHMIA INDUCED BY A COMMON OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUG

Loperamide is an over-the-counter (OTC) anti-diarrhea drug that acts on peripherally located μ opioid receptors. It is being increasingly used as opioid substitute by drug abusers. Loperamide toxicity can lead to life threatening arrhythmias and death at times. A 38-year-old female with history of
The Role of China’s Sovereign Wealth Funds in President Xi Jinping’s Ambitious Belt and Road Initiative

Thomas and Chen show how China’s two large sovereign wealth funds (SWFs), the Chinese Investment Corporation (CIC), and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Investment Company (SAFEIC), provide vital financial and other support for President Xi Jinping’s US$1 trillion Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). CIC and SAFEIC provide direct investments, top personnel, and global financial expertise to BRI-related institutions such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the Silk Road Fund. CIC and SAFEIC also financially support BRI projects by directing the large Chinese commercial and policy banks that they own or control to make loans to BRI projects. In the process of supporting the BRI, the CIC, China’s largest SWF, has itself become much more of a “policy” SWF.
Numerical simulation of photon response in portal monitors

The adjoint technique has been applied to accurately and economically predict the response of a portal monitor to photon emissions below about 1.5 MeV, thus encompassing those sources generally of interest in nuclear safeguards applications. The adjoint source was defined as the product of the total attenuation coefficient and an experimentally determined efficiency factor, which accounts for the performance characteristics of the signal-processing system. The efficiency factor was determined from a combination of data obtained from a single NE-102 scintillator and results from corresponding three-dimensional forward MORSE calculations. A prototype walk-through portal was then fabricated with four identical NE-102 scintillators. Adjoint MORSE calculations were performed to obtain net count rates for various sources within this portal. These results were compared to experimental data and were found to agree to well within 10%. The photon response within the portal detection volume was then characterized by a series of MORSE calculations.
Transmissibility-based damage detection using angular velocity versus acceleration

This work presents a new damage-detection approach for structural systems that uses the transmissibility and coherence functions of the output angular velocity between two points on the structure, at locations where damage may occur, to generate a damage index as a metric of the changes in the dynamic integrity of the structure. The efficacy of the proposed damage index as compared to that based on the traditional transmissibility of acceleration was tested on straight beams. The experimental and numerical results showed that the new damage index outperformed that based on acceleration by multiple levels in terms of detecting and localizing damage. The experimental results also showed that the proposed damage index using gyroscopes was much less sensitive to the environmental acoustic noises under consideration (65–85 dB) when compared with the damage index based on the acceleration.
Validity of Foot-To-Foot Bioelectrical Impedance for Estimating Body Composition in NCAA Division I Male Athletes: A 3-Compartment Model Comparison.

Nickerson, BS, Snarr, RL, and Ryan, GA. Validity of foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance for estimating body composition in NCAA Division I male athletes: A 3-compartment model comparison. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3361-3366, 2019-The purpose of this study was to validate single-frequency foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis (FF-BIA) against a 3-compartment (3C) model in NCAA Division I male athletes. Thirty-three athletes (football = 19, baseball = 8, basketball = 3, and cheerleading = 3) had body fat percentages (BF%) and fat-free mass (FFM) estimated using a 3C model and FF-BIA. The criterion 3C model was derived from body mass, body volume (air displacement plethysmography), and total body water (bioimpedance spectroscopy). The mean BF% and FFM values for FF-BIA were not statistically significant when compared with the 3C model (p = 0.14 and 0.28, respectively). The standard error of estimate (2.79% and 2.64 kg), total error (2.95% and 2.64 kg), and 95% limits of agreement (±5.67% and ±5.15 kg) were considered acceptable for BF% and FFM, respectively. However, there was a significant trend in the regression line of the Bland-Altman plot, which indicated proportional bias for BF% (r = -0.50; p 0.05). Foot-to-foot BIA seems to be valid for estimating group and individual athlete's FFM. Similarly, FF-BIA can be used for estimating group BF%. However, proportional bias indicates that FF-BIA is not valid for individual estimates of BF%.
Comparison of implant related complications amongst patients with opioid use disorder and non-users following total knee arthroplasty

Comparison of implant related complications amongst patients with opioid use disorder and non-users following total knee arthroplasty
FIRING SYNCHRONY IN A NEURAL GROUP: PUTATIVE SENSORY CODE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the firing synchrony in a neural group. Stimulus related synchrony of detailed firing patterns among several neurons actually used as a code by the nervous system is not easily addressed. The chapter describes the effect of a sensory stimulus on the firing of a neuron by means of the PST histogram. This computation is viewed as cross correlation between the markers and the spike train, measures the averaged firing probability as a function of time relative to the instant that begins a stimulus delivery cycle. The stimulus does not have to be short or periodic for the measurement; the minimum inter-stimulus period should exceed the maximum time window of the PST histogram. When two or more neuronal spike trains are recorded in the stimulus, the relative similarities are observed in (1) response of the single neuron to two successive stimuli, and (2) the responses of two neurons to the same single neuron. These similarities are easily examined by using appropriate PST histograms.