cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementation of algorithms to discriminate between chemical/biological airbursts and high explosive airbursts

The Army is currently developing acoustic sensor systems that will provide extended range surveillance, detection, and identification for force protection and tactical security. A network of such sensors remotely deployed in conjunction with a central processing node (or gateway) will provide early warning and assessment of enemy threats, near real-time situational awareness to commanders, and may reduce potential hazards to the soldier. In contrast, the current detection of chemical/biological (CB) agents expelled into a battlefield environment is limited to the response of chemical sensors that must be located within close proximity to the CB agent. Since chemical sensors detect hazardous agents through contact, the sensor range to an airburst is the key-limiting factor in identifying a potential CB weapon attack. The associated sensor reporting latencies must be minimized to give sufficient preparation time to field commanders, who must assess if an attack is about to occur, has occurred, or if occurred, the type of agent that soldiers might be exposed to. The long-range propagation of acoustic blast waves from heavy artillery blasts, which are typical in a battlefield environment, introduces a feature for using acoustics and other sensor suite technologies for the early detection and identification of CB threats. Employing disparate sensor technologies implies that warning of a potential CB attack can be provided to the solider more rapidly and from a safer distance when compared to current conventional methods. Distinct characteristics arise within the different airburst signatures because High Explosive (HE) warheads emphasize concussive and shrapnel effects, while chemical/biological warheads are designed to disperse their contents over immense areas, therefore utilizing a slower burning, less intensive explosion to mix and distribute their contents. Highly reliable discrimination (100%) has been demonstrated at the Portable Area Warning Surveillance System (PAWSS) Limited Objective Experiment (LOE) conducted by Joint Project Manager for Nuclear Biological Contamination Avoidance (JPM NBC CA) and a matrixed team from Edgewood Chemical and Biological Center (ECBC) at ranges exceeding 3km. The details of the field-test experiment and real-time implementation/integration of the stand-alone acoustic sensor system are discussed herein.
The Dependent Personality and Interpersonal Problems

At the core of the dependent personality disorder lies an excessive reliance on other people for support, direction, and nurturance. However, because of their interpersonal style, many patients high in dependency have difficulties establishing and maintaining close interpersonal relationships. The present study examined interpersonal problems related to the dependent personality disorder. The relationships between dependency and interpersonal problems were examined in 43 adult psychiatric inpatients and 66 nonpatient adults. All subjects were assessed for social functioning in terms of social behaviors typically displayed, density of their social networks, and subjective feelings of loneliness. Using correlations and multiple regression analyses, results showed that dependency was closely related to social behavior and quality of social networks for both psychiatric inpatients and nonpatient controls. Pearson correlations showed the dependent personality style was related to negative and disruptive interpersonal behaviors. Also, measures of social functioning were related to feelings of loneliness and depression. Finally, interpersonal dependency was strongly related to both depressive symptoms and depressive attitudes, especially in the psychiatric inpatients. The present findings demonstrate the importance of interpersonal dependency as related to interpersonal problems.
Damage mode characterization of mechanically fastened composite joints using carbon nanotube networks

Abstract The practice of upgrading metal parts with composites in large structures has led to an increased use of composite joints, particularly mechanical fastenings, due to ease of assembly and replacement. A drawback of mechanical joints is that damage is difficult to detect visually. In this research, an embedded carbon nanotube network has been used to modify the conductivity of bolted composite joints. In situ electrical resistance measurements in conductive composites have potential to provide quantitative evidence of damage as well as insight into the type of damage which occurs during tensile loading. We demonstrate that the electrical resistance of a bolted composite joint is more sensitive to certain modes of damage (e.g., matrix cracking and delamination) than others (bearing and shear-out), due mostly to the varying amount of void space created, thus proving the potential of an embedded carbon nanotube network in the health monitoring of mechanically fastened cross-ply composites.
Physical and chemical interactions of energetic tritium with boron carbide

Abstract In order to investigate further the physical and chemical interactions of energetic hydrogen isotope species with ceramic materials, recoil tritium from the 3He(n, p)T reaction was allowed to react with boron carbide. The results demonstrate that if the boron carbide has been degassed and annealed at 1100°C prior to tritium bombardment, the tritium is rapidly released from the boron carbide as HT, CH3T, and HTO upon heating to 1000°C under vacuum. The retention of the tritium in the B4C matrix was found to be 56 and 19% upon heating at 600 and 1000°C, respectively. Samples which were exposed to H2O and H2 prior to tritium bombardment were heated at high temperatures after the irradiation. The results obtained indicate that upon H2O exposure 0.68 and 8.3% of the tritium are released in the form of HT and CH3T at 600 and 1000°C, respectively, whereas upon H2 exposure 2.4% of the tritium is relased at 1000°C. Treatment of degassed samples after tritium bombardment with H2O and H2 at temperatures to 1000°C results in the release of up to 19.7% of the tritium for H2O exposure and 33.8% upon H2 exposure.
Pediatric lipoblastoma in the head and neck: a systematic review of 48 reported cases.

Abstract Background Lipoblastoma is an exceedingly rare cause of pediatric head and neck masses. There have been 47 cases previously reported in the English literature. We present an additional case and review of the available literature on this rare neoplasm. Objective To review and assess the current published literature regarding the efficacy of preserving neurovascular structures in the surgical management of pediatric lipoblastoma. Methods Literature analysis of case reports was performed. MEDLINE was searched for the terms “neonatal lipoblastoma”, “lipoblastomatosis”, and “benign lipoblastoma”. Results in the English literature were mined for relevant clinical data when available. The citations of case reviews found were searched to find additional cases. Results Including our new case, a total of 48 cases of head and neck lipoblastoma have been reported in the English literature within 23 manuscripts. Four manuscripts presented cases series (Evidence Based Medicine Level 4) and 19 were case reports (Level 5). The median sample size was 1 (range 1–4). For those 14 articles ( N = 23 cases) reporting follow-up, the median follow-up duration was 22 months. Male to female ratio was 2.1:1 with an average age at presentation of 2.1 years (range: newborn to 12 years). Lesions ranged from 3 to 12 cm in longest diameter. Recurrence was seen in 27% of patients in which there was at least 1-year follow-up. The most common presenting symptoms were painless enlarging neck mass (53%, 17/32) and respiratory distress (12%, 4/32). An exact binomial sign test indicated that most authors recommend conservative complete excision with preservation of vital structures with 10 of 11 authors giving a stance supporting conservative surgical resection, p = .012. Conclusions Our findings suggest that although total excision is ideal and curative, subtotal resection may be a viable treatment alternative for lipoblastoma of the head and neck. This tumor presents a clinical challenge and should be considered in infants presenting with a cervical mass. It is difficult to differentiate from the much more common lymphangioma on clinical and radiological examination. Additionally, the potential for rapid growth and adhesion to neurovascular tissue makes surgical resection arduous. Nonetheless, recurrence rates for head and neck lipoblastomas are similar to those rates observed elsewhere in the body.
Mental stress and coronary artery disease : A multidisciplinary guide

Research suggests that acute and chronic stress are risk factors for the development and progression of coronary artery disease. Much of this work is multidisciplinary, using unfamiliar concepts deriving from disciplines other than cardiology and medicine. This article addresses and clarifies, for the cardiologist, some of the key concepts and issues in this area and provides an overview of evidence linking acute and chronic stress to cardiac pathology. Areas addressed include definitions and measurement of mental stress, methodological issues in stress research, and distinctions between stress and variables such as personality, emotion, and depression. Mental stress is a multifactorial process involving the environment, individual experiences and coping, and a set of neuroendocrine, autonomic, cardiovascular, and other systemic physiologic responses. There are difficulties identifying a single consensus physiologic stress measure because of individual differences in perceptions and physiologic response patterns. Nonetheless, important associations exist between mental stress and clinically relevant cardiovascular end points. As multidisciplinary research in this area continues, one major goal is the better integration of psychosocial knowledge and measures with cardiology research and practice.
Patient satisfaction with results of hysterectomy.

Abstract Objective: The objectives of this study were to measure patient satisfaction with the results of hysterectomy and to determine factors associated with dissatisfaction. Study Design: A total of 1299 women who underwent hysterectomy at 28 hospitals in Maryland were interviewed before and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the operation. Results: At 12 and 24 months after the hysterectomy 95.8% and 96.0%, respectively, reported that the hysterectomy had completely or mostly resolved the problems or symptoms they had before surgery; 93.3% and 93.7%, respectively, reported that the results were better than or about what they expected; 85.3% and 81.6%, respectively, reported that their health was better than before the hysterectomy; and 87.9% and 93.1%, respectively, reported being totally recovered. The factor most strongly and consistently associated with patient reports of negative outcomes was readmission because of a postdischarge complication. Conclusion: Postdischarge complication necessitating readmission plays an important role in patient dissatisfaction with the results of hysterectomy. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:1440-7.)
The Genre of William Dunbar's Tretis of the Tua Mariit Wemen and the Wedo

Rapport de ce poeme avec un sous-genre que l'A. appelle le "jugement", qui fit son apparition en France aux XIII et XIV s. Rapprochement etabli entre le T., Le Jugement des Cons et Les Trois Dames. Procedes formels communs a ces oeuvres.
Striatonigral degeneration, olivopontocerebellar atrophy and "atypical" Pick disease

A 75-year-old woman with parkinsonism plus was found at autopsy to have striatonigral degeneration (SND), olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions, mostly confined to the hippocampus and pontine nuclei. These inclusions were intensely argyrophilic, ubiquitinated and expressed variable immunoreactivity for neurofilament but not for tau-1 and Alz 50 proteins. Ultrastructurally, they were formed of skeins of intermediate filaments averaging 11 nm in diameter. They were considered to represent Pick bodies. There was no cortical atrophy, gliosis or sponginess. To our knowledge, SND and OPCA in association with Pick's disease has not been previously reported. In addition, intracytoplasmic oligodendroglial inclusions were present in the deeper layers of the cortex, especially the pericentral gyri, the striatum and the white matter of certain regions of the cerebral hemispheres, as well as in the cerebellum. These inclusions which have been previously reported in multisystem atrophy, had to be distinguished from cortical Lewy bodies, Pick bodies, and the nonspecific ubiquitinated bodies in the white matter of the aged brain, mainly by their topographical distribution and immunostaining properties.
Is urethral mobility really being assessed by the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) system?

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relationship between Q-tip measurement of urethral hypermobility and visual assessment of the urethrovesical junction as assessed by points Aa and Ba of the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) system. METHODS: A total of 274 patients with pelvic organ prolapse or urinary incontinence had preoperative Q-tip test straining angles and POP-Q staging measurements. By the Q-tip test, urethral hypermobility was defined as a straining angle of 30 degrees or greater relative to the horizontal. As defined in the POP-Q system, point Aa is located in the midline of the anterior vaginal wall 3 cm from the external urethral meatus and represents the urethrovesical junction. Point Ba represents the most dependent position of the anterior vaginal wall. The correlation between point Aa of the POP-Q system and the Q-tip test was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Similar assessments were made for point Ba. RESULTS: Mean age of the 274 subjects was 58.5 ± 11.8 years; mean parity was 3.1 ± 1.6. A total of 104 patients reported prior surgery for prolapse or incontinence. Mean Q-tip straining angle was 61 ± 20 degrees; 258 (94%) had urethral hypermobility. Values of point Aa ranged from −3 cm to +3 cm, with median 0 cm. The correlation coefficient between the Q-tip straining angle and point Aa was r = 0.47 (P < .001). Urethral hypermobility was observed in 95% of patients with stage II prolapse at point Aa and in 100% of patients with stages III and IV prolapse at point Aa. The correlation coefficient between the Q-tip straining angle and point Ba was r = 0.32 (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Although the correlation between the Q-tip straining angle and point Aa of the POP-Q was moderately strong, one value cannot be predicted from the other. The Q-tip test may be unnecessary in patients with stages II, III, and IV prolapse at point Aa as virtually all such patients demonstrate urethral hypermobility.
POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL MECHANISM(S) CONTROL HUMAN N- myc LEVELS IN NON-EXPRESSING CELL TYPES. • 397

Expression of the human N-myc oncogene is normally restricted to developing epithelial tissues and pre-B cells at a specific stage of differentiation. We have localized cis-acting sequences which appear responsible for silencing expression in cell types which do not contain detectable N-myc mRNA by Northern or RT-PCR analysis. We have determined that 5′ promoter sequences within 2 kb of the transcription initiation site allow reporter expression in human cell lines derived from a wide variety of tissues, regardless of endogenous N-myc mRNA expression. In contrast, inclusion of the contiguous 902 bp, containing the remainder of the untranslated first exon and extending into the first intron, restores a physiologic expression pattern, in that reporter constructs are active only in cells which express endogenous N-myc. Using transient transfection of reporters bearing progressive 3′ deletions of this larger construct, we localized an element responsible for complete silencing of N-myc expression in non-expressing cells to a 116 bp region within intron 1 (nt +598 to +714). This 116 bp, element alone, however, is not sufficient to silence transcription from a heterologous promoter, indicating that additional sequences play a role. A second site within the first exon (nt+151 to +174) also down-regulates expression, as reporter activity in non-expressing cells is diminished by 30-60% relative to that of the 5′ promoter alone. We have performed nuclear run-on analyses to determine the mechanism(s) of this tissue-specific expression. All N-myc non-expressing cell lines examined show active transcription across the gene, indicating that regulation of expression occurs by a post-transcriptional mechanism. This mechanism of post-transcriptional control adds another level of complexity to the regulation of the human N-myc oncogene. Identification and characterization of the trans-acting factor(s) involved in this process may reveal components which could be exploited in the development of improved therapeutic strategies for several malignancies which currently carry a poor prognosis.
Use of Facebook in the US heritage accommodations sector: an exploratory study

Social media is often considered a potential marketing channel for heritage tourism. However, there is limited research addressing how heritage tourism providers employ social media for their marketing communication. The goal of this exploratory study is, therefore, to examine the use of Facebook among heritage accommodations. A content analysis of 549 Facebook messages from 6 heritage hotels in the USA was conducted. Facebook posts were analyzed in terms the message content type, message media type, and the overall engagement of users and hotels. The descriptive results show that the most posted Facebook message topic is general hotel information, and the media type is text. In terms of engagement, most hotels put more focus on delivering their messages to their fans rather than engaging in conversations with them. The theoretical and practical contributions of this study are discussed.
Asymptotic properties of monotonic learning models

Abstract In a large class of path-independent models for two-choice learning, it is possible to derive a ratio scale that describes the relative effectiveness of the learning operators associated with the possible outcomes of a subject's choices. The scale values of the operators can be used to predict which outcome schedules will cause a subject to fixate on a single response, and which schedules will cause continued choices of both responses. In a less general class of models, the scale values also predict the asymptotic proportion of choices of each response when fixation does not occur. These scale values can be estimated experimentally, without assuming the functional form of the learning operators, using a procedure similar to the estimation of utility values from preference data.
ErratumYeast 15, 507-511 (1999). Heterologous URA3MX Cassettes for Gene Replacement inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. A. L. Goldstein, X. Pan and J. H. McCusker

JM7 CCTCATAAGCAGCAATCAATTCCATCTATACTTTAAAGCATAGGCCACTAGTGGATCTG JM8 CTTTTATTACATACAACTTTTTAAACTAATATACACATTTCAGCTGAAGCTTCGTACGC JM37 CCTCGACATCATCTGCCC PH7 CGCAAGTCCTGTTTCTATGC PH8 CTACGTTGCCTCCATCG PH14 GTATTGAGAAGGGCAACGG PH15 CCAGTACACCTTATCGGC PR59 TTCTCACATCACATCCGAACATAAACAACCATGACAGTCAACACTAAGACCTATAGTG PR60 AAACAACAATCTTTTTATTGTCAGTACTGATTATAATTGGCCAGTCTTTTTCAAATAAG PR78 CCTTGACAGTCTTGACGTGC PR79 CGCACTTAACTTCGCATCTG
Phase Transition in Surface-Aligned Nematic Films

Properties of the nematic-isotropic phase transition in surface-aligned nematic films are calculated using the Landau-de Gennes theory. It is shown that there is a critical thickness ${D}^{c}$ of the film below which the transition from the nematic phase to the isotropic phase becomes continuous. At the critical thickness the transition is second order and exhibits critical behavior. For $N\ensuremath{-}[e\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{methoxybenzylidine}]p\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{butylaniline}$, ${D}^{c}$ is calculated to be about 1000 \AA{}, and the critical temperature is 0.17 K above the bulk first-order transition temperature. Magnetic and dimensional effects are discussed.
Revenue equivalence in multi-object auctions

Abstract The theory of auctions suggests that, under certain conditions, seemingly different methods for auctioning a single object will result in the same expected price. This result extends quite easily to the case of more than one object.
Molecular transformation of Fusarium solani with an antibiotic resistance marker having no fungal DNA homology.

A vector was constructed for transformation of the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani. The promoter 35Sp, from cauliflower mosaic virus, was fused to the bacterial gene APH(3′)II, which confers resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotic G418. Two transformation procedures were developed: one using isolated fungal protoplasts, the other using germinated fungal spores. A transformation frequency of 3.3 G418-resistant colonies were obtained per microgram DNA. Of 14 colonies analyzed, 12 had vector sequences integrated into their high molecular weight DNA, and 2 were untransformed. Integration was sometimes accompanied by rearrangements of both the vector and flanking fungal DNAs. Primer-extension analysis of the mRNA from one transformant revealed two putative transcription initiation sites in the chimeric APH(3′)II gene. Both sites differed from the normal initiation site in plants. This vector will be useful in transformation systems in which integration by non-homologous recombination is desired.[/P ]
Toward a Puerto Rican popular nosology: nervios and ataque de nervios.

This paper is about naming illnesses—about who determines what categories are used and the implications of these determinations. The central concerns of medical/psychiatric anthropology have been to understand popular categories of and systems for classification of illness, to examine the relationship of illness categories to cultural understandings of the body, and to interpret the role of categories of illness in mediating between the personal and social spheres. At the same time, the paper also discusses the interplay of popular categories and psychiatric diagnoses. This paper examines the multiple experiences of nervios among Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico and New York City. Our contention is that nervios is more than a diffuse idiom of distress, and that there are different categories and experiences of nervios which provide insights into how distress is experienced and expressed by Puerto Ricans and point to different social sources of suffering. The data in this paper come from the responses to a series of open-ended questions which tapped into people's general conceptions of nervios and ataques de nervios. These questions were incorporated into follow-up interviews to an epidemiological study of the mental health of adults in Puerto Rico. The results suggest ways to incorporate these different categories of nervios into future research and clinical work with different Latino groups in the United States and in their home countries.
Electron spin resonance spectra of the radical anions of pyridine and related nitrogen heterocyclics

The E.S.R. spectra of the radical anions of pyridine, 4-picoline, 3,5-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridine N-oxide, 4-picoline N-oxide and 2,6-lutidine N-oxide have been observed in liquid ammonia. The data for pyridine, pyrazine and pyrimidine can be combined to evaluate Q N N = +27·3, Q CN N = -1·7 and Q H = -24·5 gauss independently of molecular orbital spin densities. Good agreement is found for the observed coupling constants for the N-heterocyclics and McLachlan's theory with methyl group coupling consistent with both Levy's hyperconjugation equations and with Q CH3 eff. = 25·7 gauss. The coupling constants for the N-oxides are in satisfactory agreement with an arbitrary set of molecular orbital parameters.
Concurrent Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Mycobacterial Infection of Macrophages In Vitro Does Not Reveal any Reciprocal Effect

To test whether in vitro infection of macrophages with either human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or mycobacteria would influence the replication of the other pathogen, macrophages were infected sequentially with the macrophage-tropic isolate HTLV-IIIBa-L/85 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv or Mycobacterium avium. The intracellular growth of mycobacteria was measured by colony counting and radiometric assay of macrophage lysates and the replication of HIV by the release of p24 antigen into the culture supernatants. Phagocytosis and intracellular growth of mycobacteria was similar in HIV-infected macrophages and controls. Conversely, mycobacteria did not affect the replication of HIV in macrophages. These experiments failed to demonstrate any direct intracellular interaction between HIV and mycobacteria in cultured macrophages that would explain the increased rate of mycobacterial diseases in patients infected with HIV or that would support the hypothesis that mycobacterial infection of macrophages per se can enhance HIV replication in these cells.
A Nutrient-Driven tRNA Modification Alters Translational Fidelity and Genome-wide Protein Coding across an Animal Genus

Natural selection favors efficient expression of encoded proteins, but the causes, mechanisms, and fitness consequences of evolved coding changes remain an area of aggressive inquiry. We report a large-scale reversal in the relative translational accuracy of codons across 12 fly species in the Drosophila/Sophophora genus. Because the reversal involves pairs of codons that are read by the same genomically encoded tRNAs, we hypothesize, and show by direct measurement, that a tRNA anticodon modification from guanosine to queuosine has coevolved with these genomic changes. Queuosine modification is present in most organisms but its function remains unclear. Modification levels vary across developmental stages in D. melanogaster, and, consistent with a causal effect, genes maximally expressed at each stage display selection for codons that are most accurate given stage-specific queuosine modification levels. In a kinetic model, the known increased affinity of queuosine-modified tRNA for ribosomes increases the accuracy of cognate codons while reducing the accuracy of near-cognate codons. Levels of queuosine modification in D. melanogaster reflect bioavailability of the precursor queuine, which eukaryotes scavenge from the tRNAs of bacteria and absorb in the gut. These results reveal a strikingly direct mechanism by which recoding of entire genomes results from changes in utilization of a nutrient.
Combinatorial life cycle assessment to inform process design of industrial production of algal biodiesel

The use of algae as a feedstock for biodiesel production is a rapidly growing industry, in the United States and globally. A life cycle assessment (LCA) is presented that compares various methods, either proposed or under development, for algal biodiesel to inform the most promising pathways for sustainable full-scale production. For this analysis, the system is divided into five distinct process steps: (1) microalgae cultivation, (2) harvesting and/or dewatering, (3) lipid extraction, (4) conversion (transesterification) into biodiesel, and (5) byproduct management. A number of technology options are considered for each process step and various technology combinations are assessed for their life cycle environmental impacts. The optimal option for each process step is selected yielding a best case scenario, comprised of a flat panel enclosed photobioreactor and direct transesterification of algal cells with supercritical methanol. For a functional unit of 10 GJ biodiesel, the best case production system y...
The noninterference of aluminum hydroxide gel with quinidine sulfate absorption: An approach to control quinidine-induced diarrhea

Quinidine has been used in the successful treatment of cardiac arrhythmias for over two decades. However, its toxicity, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and more serious problems of arrhythmias and sudden death has limited its usefulness in certain situations. Of particular note is the gastrointestinal intolerance that many patients experience. It is estimated that nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea occur in 30 per cent of patients ingesting quinidine, requiring discontinuation of therapy in as many as 10 per cent’-” These side effects are not related to dose or to blood levels. They are believed to be due to a direct stimulant action on the smooth muscle of the small intestine.’ We have encountered patients who have required quinidine for the successful control of their arrhythmias, but who could not tolerate the resulting gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly diarrhea. Concomitant administration of aluminum hydroxide gel with their quinidine dose resulted in reduction of diarrhea, with apparently continued control of their arrhythmias. Previous reports of interference with drug absorption by antacids prompted a study to determine the effects of aluminum hydroxide gel on quinidine absorption.”
Neurocognitive Problems in Children and Adolescents With Depression Using the CHC Theory and the WJ-III

Depression has been commonly associated with both subjective complaints and objectively measured problems in cognition. Most commonly discussed in relation to the adult population, growing evidence has supported the idea that children and adolescents experience cognitive problems in relation to depression. The purpose of this study was to further examine the negative influence of depression on the cognitive functioning of children and adolescents. Additionally, the present study evaluated the sensitivity of the Woodcock-Johnson III Test of Cognitive Abilities (WJ-III-COG) and, in turn, the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory in measuring cognitive problems related to depression in children and adolescents. Participants included 420 children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years old (M = 13.09, SD = 2.95) with a clinical diagnosis of depression. Comparisons were made against the normative mean. All participants completed 11 subtests of the WJ-III-COG including Visual-Auditory Learning, Spatial Relations, Sound Blending, Concept Formations, Visual Matching, Numbers Reversed, Auditory-Working Memory, Picture Recognition, Analysis Synthesis, Decision Speed, and Memory for Words. Children and adolescents with depression demonstrated significantly lower performance on subtests related to learning and memory (long-term retrieval), attentional capacity, working memory, reasoning, and processing speed. No problems were noted on subtests related to visual-spatial thinking and auditory processing. Findings suggested sensitivity of the WJ-III-COG and CHC theory in identifying cognitive problems associated with depression in children and adolescents.
Flame Emission Spectroscopy of Aqueous and Nonaqueous Solutions in the Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame

Abstract The relative emission intensities and detection limits for 183 lines and bands of 52 elements in the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame have been determined. Linearity of the emission intensity with concentration was investigated and detection limits of the elements in 80 percent acetone were also obtained and compared with those of aqueous solutions. Emission was observed for all the elements in acetone solution, and only selenium did not give a measureable emission in aqueous solution.
Pulsed laser deposition of thin superconducting films of Ho1Ba2Cu3O7 − x and Y1Ba2Cu3O7 − x

Thin films of Ho1Ba2Cu3O7 − x and Y1Ba2Cu3O7 − x were deposited on SrTiO3 and Al2O3, substrates by pulsed laser deposition of high-Tc bulk superconductor pellets in vacuum. Following annealing in O2 at 800–900 °C the films were superconducting with typical Tc (50%) = 89 K and transition widths of 10 K. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) were utilized to study the stoichiometry of the as-deposited films for laser energy, densities between 0.11 and 4.5 J cm−2. The films were deficient in holmium and yttrium for energy densities below 0.6 and 0.4 J cm −2, respectively. The films were stoichiometric for fluences above 0.6 J cm−2. In addition, preliminary time dependence and spectroscopic observations of the laser-produced plasma are presented. The results indicate an ablation mechanism that at high energy densities preserves stoichiometry. TEM and x-ray characterization of annealed, superconducting Ho1Ba2Cu3O7 − x films on (100) SrTiO3 showed mixed regions of epitaxially oriented 1:2:3 material with either the c axis or a axis oriented along the surface normal. The a-axis-oriented material grew preferentially in the films with b, c, twinning.
Genomics: The path to retinoblastoma

Genomic analyses of tumours of the childhood cancer retinoblastoma reveal a low mutation rate, challenging the view that genomic instability is crucial for its progression. The work also identifies a new therapeutic target. See Article p.329 Retinoblastoma is a rare and aggressive childhood cancer of the retina caused by loss of the RB1 gene. Whole-genome sequencing of four retinoblastomas now shows that the retinoblastoma genome is relatively stable, with a mutational rate among the lowest reported in human cancers and a remarkable lack of mutations in other tumour suppressor/oncogenic pathways. However, RB1 loss is associated with epigenetic deregulation of several cancer pathways. Significantly, the proto-oncogene SYK is upregulated in retinoblastoma and is required for tumour cell survival. A small-molecule inhibitor of SYK induced retinoblastoma tumour cell death in vitro and in vivo.
Seryl-phosphorylated HPr Regulates CcpA-Independent Carbon Catabolite Repression in Conjunction with PTS Permeases in Streptococcus mutans

Carbohydrate catabolite repression (CCR) in Streptococcus mutans can be independent of catabolite control protein A (CcpA) and requires specific components of phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar:phosphotransferase system (PTS) permeases. Here, the effects of various ptsH (HPr) and hprK (HPr kinase/phosphatase) mutations on growth and CCR were evaluated. An hprKV265F mutation, which enhanced Ser46 phosphorylation of HPr, inhibited growth on multiple PTS sugars. A ptsHS46A mutation reversed the effects of hprKV265F in most cases. A strain carrying a ptsHS46D mutation, which mimics HPr(Ser-P), presented with more severe growth defects than the hprKV265F mutant. The hprKV265F mutant enhanced CCR of the fruA and levD operons, a phenotype reversible by the ptsHS46A mutation. The effects of the hprKV265F mutation on fruA and levD expression were independent of CcpA, but dependent on ManL (IIAB(Man)) and, to a lesser extent, on FruI (IIABC(Fru)), in a carbohydrate-specific fashion. Expression of the Bacillus subtilis ptsG gene in the manL mutant did not restore CCR of the lev or fru operons. The hprKV265F mutation inhibited growth on cellobiose and lactose, but only the transcription of the cel operon was decreased. Thus, in S. mutans, serine-phosphorylated HPr functions in concert with particular PTS permeases to prioritize carbohydrate utilization by modulating sugar transport and transcription of catabolic operons.
Clearance of Mercury (Hg-197, Hg-203) Vapor Inhaled by Human Subjects

Five human subjects inhaled a mixture of stable and radioactive mercury vapor for periods of 14 to 24 minutes. The subjects retained an average of 74% of that inhaled. Evidence is submitted to show that the retention occurred almost entirely in the alveoli. For 3 days after exposure, the exhaled breath was passed at intervals through activated charcoal traps for sampling periods of 10 to 35 minutes. The data indicated that an average of 7% of the retained mercury was lost in the expired breath, with a half time of 18 hours. Examination of the subjects in a whole body counter yielded average half times for mercury clearance from different parts of the body as follows: lung, 1.7 days; head, 21 days; kidney region, 64 days; chest, 43 days; and whole body, 58 days.
Merrill C. Sosman Lecture. MR imaging of the wrist.

Imaging of the wrist should always begin with a plain film examination. Sonography and tenography are sometimes used to evaluate tendon abnormalities. Sonography is operator dependent; tenography, because of its invasive nature, is rarely used today. Arthrography, with single or triple injection techniques, with [1] or without [2] digital subtraction, has been the procedure of choice for detecting abnormalities of the interosseous ligaments and the triangular fibrocartilage (TFC). MR imaging is the only imaging technique that can directly depict the interosseous ligaments and the TFC. It is the imaging technique of choice for the early diagnosis of aseptic necrosis, for tumor staging, and for evaluating soft-tissue masses. MR imaging enables noninvasive global examination of the wrist that is extremely sensitive in detecting osseous and soft-tissue disease. Because technical advances will allow more rapid data acquisition, thinner slices, and higher resolution, I predict MR imaging will replace arthrograp...
A Twin Study of Personality and Temperament during Middle Childhood.

Abstract In a study of 105 same-sex twin pairs, ages 7 to 10 years, maternal ratings on 23 bipolar scales yielded six factors designated as compliant morality, applied cognitive, sociability, emotionality, tough-mindedness, and activity-distractibility. Analyses by twin pairs (68 identical, 37 fraternal) indicated that correlations for identical pairs were significantly higher than fraternal pairs on all but one factor: tough-mindedness. Profile analyses for the six factors indicated that the profiles of scores across the factors were more concordant for the identical twin pairs. Correlations obtained from the individual scales produced differences between the identical and fraternal twin pairs as well. Overall, the data suggested that several components and the total organization of those components of personality and temperament are genetically influenced.
Generalized radar clutter model

A commonly used density model for radar clutter is chi-square for power, or, equivalently, Rayleigh for amplitude. However, for many modern high resolution radar systems, this density underestimates the tails of the measured clutter density. Log normal and Weibull distributions have proved to be better suited for the clutter in these high resolution radars. Generalizing the chi-square density by replacing it with the noncentral chi-square density and allowing the mean power level (the noncentrality parameter) to vary, we can both suitably shape the clutter density to produce larger tails and model the fluctuation of the average clutter power, commonly referred to as speckle. The resulting form, although appearing cumbersome, readily allows for efficient and accurate computations of the probability of detection in clutter.
Strands of embryonic mesencephalic tissue show greater dopamine neuron survival and better behavioral improvement than cell suspensions after transplantation in parkinsonian rats

The success of embryonic neural transplants as a treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease has been limited by poor survival of transplanted dopamine neurons. To see if a new partially intact tissue preparation method improves survival, we have developed a technique for extruding embryonic tissue into strands. We expected this method to reduce cell damage and improve transplant survival as well as provide improved tissue delivery. We have compared transplants of tissue strands with mechanically dispersed suspensions of embryonic day 15 rat ventral mesencephalon. Tissue from ventral mesencephalon was transplanted into a single site in dopamine denervated striatum of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats. To evaluate the effects of striatal cografts and growth factors on dopamine cell survival, dispersed mesencephalic cells were cotransplanted with dispersed striatal cells. Another group had dispersed mesencephalic cells cotransplanted with striatal cells incubated in the cold for 2 h with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF, 100 ng/ml), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I, 1500 ng/ml), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, 150 ng/ml). Behavioral improvement was assessed monthly by changes in methamphetamine-induced rotational behavior. Animals were sacrificed after 3 months, and dopamine neurons were identified by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. Transplants of tissue strands produced better dopamine neuron survival and led to more robust behavioral restoration than did cell suspensions even when suspensions were supported with cografts of striatal cells or pretreatment with growth factors.
Measurement and Analysis of the Fermi Resonance Between ν5 and 2ν9 of Nitric Acid

Abstract New tunable diode laser measurements have been made on the ν 5 and 2 ν 9 infrared absorption bands of HNO 3 between 853 and 919 cm −1 . These two bands are observed to be about 17 cm −1 apart and are coupled by Fermi resonance which causes a considerable displacement of all the energy levels and transition frequencies. An effective resonance interaction of the type 〈 ν 5 , J , k + 2|2 ν 9 , J , k 〉 is particularly important for understanding the appearance of the spectrum. The Fermi resonance has been taken into account in a global fit of both bands that has allowed us to assign all of the strongest transitions. The Fermi interaction constant found is W f = 8.13 ± 0.14 cm −1 and the unperturbed band separation is 6.0 ± 0.4 cm −1 . Other higher-order interactions were also considered in the analysis, including a Δ K = ±2 Coriolis interaction. Over 1400 diode laser transitions were fitted with a rms deviation of 0.00099 cm −1 . Transition wavenumbers, assignments, and lower state energies are made available for the strong transitions of HNO 3 between 853 and 920 cm −1 .
Neuromuscular complications following electrical injury — incidence and special problems in rehabilitation

Among the 1206 burn patients admitted on a five-year period, 116 were as a result of high tension electrical injuries. These cases were analyzed for neuromuscular complications. The incidence of neurological complication was 44%, amputations 26% and significant muscle damage 24%. Many patients had combinations of neurological involvement and musculoskeletal involvement. The detection of the neurological complications is often difficult in these patients with multisystem trauma. It is our feeling that neurological lesions, especially spinal cord injury following electrical accidents, are more frequently encountered than is generally recognized. Sometimes clinical manifestations are transient and may go unnoticed. Rehabilitation of patients with electrical injuries are often complicated because of the combination of the disabilities. Awareness of some of the common complications and evaluation of these complications in the early stages will help initiation of the rehabilitation programme before any permanen...
High-speed polygon-scanner-based wavelength-swept laser source in the telescope-less configurations with application in optical coherence tomography

A compact high-speed tuning laser source is demonstrated in two different configurations using a polygonal mirror scanner without a telescope. It is shown that the filter configuration finesse increases by utilizing multiple reflections from the polygon facet(s) and grating illumination(s). Theoretically, the free spectral range (FSR), the instantaneous linewidth, and the finesse of each filter configuration are derived. For single grating illumination, the measured coherence length, FSR, and power were 2.8 mm, 184 nm, and 40 mW at the scanning frequency of 50 kHz, respectively. Coherence length, FSR, and power of the second laser configuration were 6.2 mm, 117 nm, and 35 mW, respectively. Finally, images of a human finger were acquired in vivo using two proposed swept-source configurations.
Beyond Creative Destruction and Entrepreneurial Discovery: A Radical Austrian Approach to Entrepreneurship

Although Schumpeter's theory on `creative destruction' and Kirzner's on `entrepreneurial discovery' dominate current entrepreneurship research in organization studies, one of the most fundamental debates in modern Austrian economics is that between Kirzner and Lachmann. Using Low and MacMillan's (1988) key specifications as a rubric, we introduce organizational entrepreneurship scholars to Lachmann's work, identify the direction in which his radical subjectivist approach would lead the field, and encourage exploring important questions from, and adopting methods consistent with, his provocative perspective. This unique disequilibrium perspective, which takes into account institutional contexts and multiple levels of analysis, offers new theoretical insight into how entrepreneurs create opportunities through expectations of an imagined future and exploit opportunities through continuous resource combination and recombination. Conceptualizing time as subjective and heterogeneous, it facilitates the examinat...
Critical Success Factors in Effective Project Implementation

The process of project implementation, involving the successful development and introduction of projects in the organization, presents an ongoing challenge for managers. The project implementation process is complex, usually requiring simultaneous attention to a wide variety of human, budgetary, and technical variables. As a result, the organizational project manager is faced with a difficult job characterized by role overload, frenetic activity, fragmentation, and superficiality. Often the typical project
Patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood populations in East and southern Africa

Genetic diversity and differentiation within and among nine G. morsitans morsitans populations from East and southern Africa was assessed by examining variation at seven microsatellite loci and a mitochondrial locus, cytochrome oxidase (COI). Mean COI diversity within populations was 0.63 ± 0.33 and 0.81 taken over all populations. Diversities averaged over microsatellite loci were high (mean number of alleles/locus ≥7.4; mean HE ≥ 65%) in all populations. Diversities averaged across populations were greater in East Africa (mean number of alleles = 22 ± 2.6; mean he = 0.773 ± 0.033) than in southern Africa (mean number of alleles = 18.7 ± 4.0; mean he = 0.713 ± 0.072). Differentiation among all populations was highly significant (RST = 0.25, FST = 0.132). Nei’s Gij statistics were 0.09 and 0.19 within regions for microsatellites and mitochondria, respectively; between regions, Gij was 0.14 for microsatellites and 0.23 for mitochondria. GST among populations was 0.23 for microsatellite loci and 0.40 for mitochondria. The F, G and R statistics indicate highly restricted gene flow among G. m. morsitans populations separated over geographic scales of 12–917 km.
High level synthesis for packet processing pipelines

Packet processing is an essential function of state-of-the-art network routers and switches. Implementing packet processors in pipelined architectures is a well-known, established technique, albeit different approaches have been proposed. The design of packet processing pipelines is a delicate trade-off between the desire for abstract specifications, short development time, and design maintainability on one hand and very aggressive performance requirements on the other. This thesis proposes a coherent design flow for packet processing pipelines. Like the design process itself, I start by introducing a novel domain-specific language that provides a high-level specification of the pipeline. Next, I address synthesizing this model and calculating its worst-case throughput. Finally, I address some specific circuit optimization issues. I claim, based on experimental results, that my proposed technique can dramatically improve the design process of these pipelines, while the resulting performance matches the expectations of hand-crafted design. The considered pipelines exhibit a pseudo-linear topology, which can be too restrictive in the general case. However, especially due to its high performance, such an architecture may be suitable for applications outside packet processing, in which case some of my proposed techniques could be easily adapted. Since I ran my experiments on FPGAs, this work has an inherent bias towards that technology; however, most results are technology-independent.