cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-1 is expressed during both early G1 and the G1/S transition in the prolactin-induced lymphocyte cell cycle.

PRL induces quiescent Nb2 rat T-lymphoma cells to undergo mitogenesis. Upon PRL stimulation, the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is induced as a novel T-cell activation gene in Nb2 cells. Surprisingly, IRF-1 is expressed twice during a single PRL-induced growth cycle: first during the early G1 phase, in an immediate transient peak from 15 min to 2 h, and second during the G1/S phase transition, in a broader peak beginning at 8 h. The unusual biphasic expression of IRF-1 mRNA is accompanied both times by de novo IRF-1 protein synthesis. However, the rate of IRF-1 protein turnover appears to be different in G1 and S phases. IRF-1 protein expressed in G1 exhibits a half-life of about 25 min, whereas in the S phase, the half-life is about 60 min. By washing out PRL at various times during G1, we found a direct correlation among the length of PRL exposure, the second peak of IRF-1 mRNA expression, and DNA synthesis. Our data suggest that PRL and one putative nuclear mediator, IRF-1,...
Increased Tissue Factor Expression Predicts Development of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy

Background— Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) limits the long-term success of cardiac transplantation. The incidence of CAV is increased in patients with elevated plasma levels of oxidized lipids or fibrin deposition within right heart biopsy (RHB) specimens. The present study investigated whether tissue factor (TF), the expression of which is regulated by oxidized lipids, is upregulated in patients with CAV. Methods and Results— A TF score was developed to quantify TF expression in RHB specimens from 63 consecutive patients undergoing routine annual posttransplantation RHB and coronary angiography. In patients >2 years (3.0±0.8 years) posttransplantation (n=35), a high TF score was observed with greater frequency (75% versus 26%, P<0.004) in patients with CAV than those without CAV. In patients <2 years (0.87±0.48 years) posttransplantation (n=28) without evidence of CAV, the TF score was determined and patients were followed up prospectively. A high TF score had a positive predictive value of 78.6% f...
Community pharmacists preventing hospital readmissions.

As it becomes more common to find evidence of pharmacists providing direct patient care services in the literature, the spectrum of such services is also growing. In this installment of Science Updates, two seemingly distinct roles for pharmacists are highlighted—hospital discharge counseling and targeted medication therapy management (MTM) services—with one providing very positive clinical outcomes and the other a realistic economic projection when implementing a new service.
Channel β2-4 subunits fail to substitute for β1 in sensitizing BK channels to lithocholate

Large conductance, calcium- and voltage-gated potassium (BK) channels regulate numerous physiological processes. While most basic functional characteristics of native BK channels are reproduced by BK alpha (slo1) subunit homotetramers, key biophysical and pharmacological properties are drastically modified by the presence of auxiliary beta subunits (encoded by KCNMB1-4). Numerous physiological steroids, including sex hormones, gluco- and mineralocorticoids, activate beta subunit-containing BK channels, yet these steroids appear to be sensed by different types of beta subunits, with some steroids being sensed by homomeric slo1 channels as well. We recently showed that beta1 sensitizes the BK channel to microM concentrations of lithocholate (LC). Following expression of rat cerebral artery myocyte slo1 subunits ("cbv1") with beta1, beta2, beta3 or beta4 in Xenopus laevis oocytes we now demonstrate that BK beta2, beta3 and beta4 subunits fail to substitute for beta1 in providing LC-sensitivity (150 microM) to the BK channel. These findings document for the first time a rather selective steroid activation of BK channels via a particular channel accessory subunit. In addition, LC routinely activated native BK channels in myocytes freshly isolated from rat cerebral artery smooth muscle, where BK beta1 is highly expressed, while failing to do so in skeletal (flexor digitorum brevis) muscle, where BK beta1 expression is negligible. This indicates that the native environment of the BK channel sustains the LC-sensitivity distinctly provided to the BK channel by beta1 subunits. Our study indicates that LC represents a unique tool to probe the presence of functional beta1-subunits and selectively activate BK channels in tissues that highly express KCNMB1.
Importance of tests for the complete Lorentz structure of the t → W + b vertex at hadron colliders

In a separate paper, the most general Lorentz-invariant decay-density matrix for $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{t}{W}^{+}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{b}{(l}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu})b,$ or for $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{t}{W}^{+}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{b}{(j}_{\overline{d}}{j}_{u})b,$ is expressed in terms of eight helicity parameters. The parameters can be used to test for a variety of sources of new physics in $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{t}{W}^{+}b$ decay. By stage-two spin-correlation techniques, percent level statistical uncertainties are typical for $W$-polarimetry measurements of these helicity parameters at the Fermilab Tevatron, and several mill level uncertainties are typical for $W$-polarimetry measurements at the CERN LHC. ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{b}$ polarimetry could be used to measure the relative phase of the ${b}_{L}$ and ${b}_{R}$ amplitudes.
Corticosterone response to ethanol in inbred strains of mice.

ETHANOL acts as a stressor in activating the pituitary adrenal axis1–3 and also induces narcosis in mammals. In mice there are strain differences in ethanol-induced narcosis, measured by sleeping time4,5. We have studied the relationship between genotype in inbred mouse strains and the action of ethanol as a stressor.
Palladium(II) acetate catalyzed aromatic substitution reaction

Relative rate measurements indicate that the palladation reaction, although nonselective, adheres to the selectivity relationship for electrophilic aromatic substitution. Kinetic isotope effects and the dependence of the rate on oxidant concentration implicate arylpalladium(II) and arylpalladium(IV) compounds as intermediates in the reactions leading to biaryls and aryl acetates.
Developmental Toxic Effect After Subcutaneous Injections of Methadone in Charles River CD-1 Mice

Four groups of Charles River CD-1 pregnant mouse dams were dosed subcutaneously daily with 5, 10, 20, and 28 mg/kg of methadone during day 6 to 15 of gestation. Prenatal and postnatal studies were conducted in the offspring and mouse dams. Caesarean sections were performed on some of the females from each group on day 19 of gestation and fetuses evaluated by routine teratologic methods. All females remaining were allowed to deliver, and several postnatal signs were recorded from the pups during the lactation period. Maternal mean body weight gains and food consumption were reduced. No apparent alteration in the food efficiency index was detected, thus maternal malnutrition may not have been a factor in producing adverse effects on offspring. The incidence of external and visceral malformations was neither dose-related nor significantly different from those of the controls. However, administration of methadone decreased ossification of the digits, sternum, and skull of the offspring. Adverse effects of methadone on reproduction were apparent at doses of 20 mg/kg/day and above, and characterized by an increase in resorptions and a decrease in the number of live fetuses per litter. Methadone was found not to be teratogenic to the CD-1 mice. However, adverse effects on intrauterine growth, fetal ossification, neonatal growth, development, and survival rate were seen among weaned pups.
Exploring pinch and spread gestures on mobile devices

Pinching and spreading gestures are prevalent in mobile applications today, but these gestures have not yet been studied extensively. We conducted an exploratory study of pinch and spread gestures with seated participants on a phone and a tablet device. We found device orientation did not have a significant effect on gesture performance, most pinch and spread tasks were completed in a single action, and they were executed in 0.9-1.2 seconds. We also report how participants chose to sit with the mobile device, variations in gesture execution method, and the effect of varying target width and gesture size. Our task execution times for different gesture distances and precision levels display a surprisingly good fit to a simple Fitts's Law model. We conclude with recommendations for future studies.
Weighted pseudo-almost periodic solutions to some differential equations

Abstract The paper considers some new classes of functions called weighted pseudo-almost periodic functions, which implement in a natural fashion the classical pseudo-almost periodic functions due to Zhang. Properties of these weighted pseudo-almost periodic functions are discussed, including a composition result for weighted pseudo-almost periodic functions. The results obtained are subsequently utilized to study the existence and uniqueness of a weighted pseudo-almost periodic solution to the heat equation with Dirichlet conditions.
The Conversion of 3′ UTRs into Coding Regions

A possible origin of novel coding sequences is the removal of stop codons, leading to the inclusion of 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) within genes. We classified changes in the position of stop codons in closely related Saccharomyces species and in a mouse/rat comparison as either additions to or subtractions from coding regions. In both cases, the position of stop codons is highly labile, with more subtractions than additions found. The subtraction bias may be balanced by the input of new coding regions through gene duplication. Saccharomyces shows less stop codon lability than rodents, probably due to greater selective constraint. A higher proportion of 3' UTR incorporation events preserve frame in Saccharomyces. This higher proportion is consistent with the action of the [PSI(+)] prion as an evolutionary capacitor to facilitate 3' UTR incorporation in yeast.
The Ties That Bind and Those That Don't: Toward Reconciling Group Threat and Contact Theories of Prejudice

Does interracial/interethnic propinquity breed hostility or harmony? Group threat and contact theories generally answer hostility and harmony, respectively. I propose that a historically and culturally rooted racial/ethnic hierarchy differentially shapes whites' present- day threat of, contact with, and ultimately, prejudice towards blacks, Hispanics and Asians. Because Hispanics and Asians have ascended in this hierarchy, they arouse less threat and have more comfortable interactions with whites. Results from multilevel models of 2000 General Social Survey and Census data indicate that the real presence of blacks - not Hispanics or Asians - living near whites heightens whites' prejudice. Moreover, whites who know Hispanics and Asians are less prejudiced towards them, but whites need to both know and feel close to blacks to experience reduced prejudice. Implications are discussed. If the problem of the 20 th
Atypical rearrangement involving 3′- IGH@ and a breakpoint at least 400 Kb upstream of an intact MYC in a CLL patient with an apparently balanced t(8;14)(q24.1;q32) and negative MYC expression

The t(8;14)(q24.1;q32), the cytogenetic hallmark of Burkitt’s lymphoma, is also found, but rarely, in cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Such translocation typically results in a MYC-IGH@ fusion subsequently deregulating and overexpressing MYC on der 14q32. In CLL, atypical rearrangements resulting in its gain or loss, within or outside of IGH@ or MYC locus, have been reported, but their clinical significance remains uncertain. Herein, we report a 67 year-old male with complex cytogenetic findings of apparently balanced t(8;14) and unreported complex rearrangements of IGH@ and MYC loci. His clinical, morphological and immunophenotypic features were consistent with the diagnosis of CLL. Interphase FISH studies revealed deletions of 11q22.3 and 13q14.3, and an extra copy of IGH@, indicative of rearrangement. Karyotype analysis showed an apparently balanced t(8;14)(q24.1;q32). Sequential GPG-metaphase FISH studies revealed abnormal signal patterns: rearrangement of IGH break apart probe with the 5’-IGH@ on derivative 8q24.1 and the 3’-IGH@ retained on der 14q; absence of MYC break apart-specific signal on der 8q; and, the presence of unsplit 5’-MYC-3’ break apart probe signals on der 14q. The breakpoint on 8q24.1 was found to be at least 400 Kb upstream of 5’ of MYC. In addition, FISH studies revealed two abnormal clones; one with 13q14.3 deletion, and the other, with concurrent 11q deletion and atypical rearrangements. Chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) detected a 7.1 Mb deletion on 11q22.3-q23.3 including ATM, a finding consistent with FISH results. While no significant copy number gain or loss observed on chromosomes 8, 12 and 13, a 455 Kb microdeletion of uncertain clinical significance was detected on 14q32.33. Immunohistochemistry showed co-expression of CD19, CD5, and CD23, positive ZAP-70 expression and absence of MYC expression. Overall findings reveal an apparently balanced t(8;14) and atypical complex rearrangements involving 3’-IGH@ and a breakpoint at least 400 Kb upstream of MYC, resulting in the relocation of the intact 5’-MYC-3’ from der 8q, and apposition to 3’-IGH@ at der 14q. This case report provides unique and additional cytogenetic data that may be of clinical significance in such a rare finding in CLL. It also highlights the utility of conventional and sequential metaphase FISH in understanding complex chromosome anomalies and their association with other clinical findings in patients with CLL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first CLL reported case with such an atypical rearrangement in a patient with a negative MYC expression.
GLAD: a mixed-membership model for heterogeneous tumor subtype classification

MOTIVATION Genomic analyses of many solid cancers have demonstrated extensive genetic heterogeneity between as well as within individual tumors. However, statistical methods for classifying tumors by subtype based on genomic biomarkers generally entail an all-or-none decision, which may be misleading for clinical samples containing a mixture of subtypes and/or normal cell contamination. RESULTS We have developed a mixed-membership classification model, called glad, that simultaneously learns a sparse biomarker signature for each subtype as well as a distribution over subtypes for each sample. We demonstrate the accuracy of this model on simulated data, in-vitro mixture experiments, and clinical samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We show that many TCGA samples are likely a mixture of multiple subtypes. AVAILABILITY A python module implementing our algorithm is available from http://genomics.wpi.edu/glad/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young patients with acute MI: does the Framingham Risk Score underestimate cardiovascular risk in this population?:

To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and estimates of global risk by Framingham Risk Score in young subjects with acute myocardial infarction (MI), we assessed metabolic parameters and global risk assessment in 165 consecutive subjects who presented with myocardial infarction prior to 45 years of age. Nearly 80% of subjects were overweight or obese and at least one cardiovascular risk factor was present in 96% of patients. MS with or without overt diabetes was present in nearly two thirds of subjects. Excluding subjects with diabetes, the mean 10-year Framingham Risk Score estimate in the total cohort was 9.3%, with only 17.1% of subjects having a 10-year risk greater than 20%. Only 28% of subjects with MS had a Framingham Risk Score greater than 20%. Although MS is present in nearly two thirds of young patients with premature myocardial infarction, the Framingham Risk Score appears to underestimate global cardiovascular risk in this population.
Estimating Future Aircraft Position Uncertainty due to Pilot Maneuvers

Operation of unmanned aircraft in the United States’ National Airspace System is currently severely restricted, primarily due to the need to ensure adequate separation between manned and unmanned aircraft (UA). A particular problem in any conict avoidance algorithm is estimating where conicting trac is likely to be in the future. While most air trac spends a large percentage of its time in straight and level ight, maneuvers are still quite common and must be considered. Incorporating uncertainty in tracking algorithms is well established, but current methods primarily only consider uncertainty related to sensor errors and modeling errors. They do not consider the uncertainty of pilot decisions regarding maneuvers. The objective of this research has been to quantify the level of uncertainty in aircraft position due to pilot maneuvers and develop methods for incorporating that information into tracking and conict avoidance algorithms.
A Multiphase, Modular, Bidirectional, Triple-Voltage DC–DC Converter for Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicle Power Systems

Electrical power systems in future hybrid and fuel cell vehicles may employ three voltage [14 V, 42 V, and high voltage (HV)] nets. These will be necessary to accommodate existing 14-V loads as well as efficiently handle new heavy loads at the 42-V net and a traction drive on the HV bus. A low-cost DC-DC converter was proposed for connecting the three voltage nets. It minimizes the number of switches and their associated gate driver components by using two half-bridges and a high-frequency transformer. Another salient feature is that the half bridge on the 42-V bus is also utilized to provide the 14-V bus by operating at duty ratios around an atypical value of 1/3. Moreover, it makes use of the parasitic capacitance of the switches and the transformer leakage inductance for soft switching. The use of half bridges makes the topology well suited for interleaved multiphase modular configurations as a means to increase the power level because the capacitor legs can be shared. This paper presents simulation and experimental results on an interleaved two-phase arrangement rated at 4.5 kW. Also discussed are the benefits of operating with an atypical duty ratio on the transformer and a preferred multiphase configuration to minimize capacitor ripple currents.
Electrophysiological Properties of Laryngeal Reflex Closure

Reflex responses were elicited in the recurrent laryngeal nerve by electrical stimulation of any sensory nerve trunk in the laryngo-pharyngeal region. Electrical stimulation of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve produced: (1) Reflex response in each laryngeal muscle including the posterior cricoarytenoid. (2) Abduction of the vocal cord after the adductors had been denervated. (3) Inhibition of activity in fibers of the motor nerve to the posterior cricoarytenoid which discharged during inspiration. (4) Consistent EMG responses in adductor muscles to stimulation of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve at frequencies over 10/sec. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle responded only to the first few stimuli at these frequencies and was then inhibited completely. (5) More intense response during expiration in the adductor muscles and during inspiration in the abductor muscle. The threshold, latent period and duration of the reflex response differed for each muscle and for each f...
An exploration of the potential impact of the designated driver campaign on bartenders’ willingness to over-serve

Much has been written about the impact of the presence of a designated driver on patrons' consumption, but heretofore, its impact on the behaviour of the server has been virtually ignored. The goal of this paper, then, was to explore the potential impact of the presence of a designated driver on alcoholic beverage servers' self-reported willingness to knowingly serve an already intoxicated customer. chi(2) analysis of survey data collected from 938 licensed servers, in the state of Indiana, USA, was performed. Approximately 43% of the bartenders surveyed reported that they either would be or might be willing to over-serve an already intoxicated customer. Of those who answered the follow-up question as to under what conditions they would be willing to over-serve, almost 80% reported that they would do so if the patron were accompanied by a designated driver. The statistical significance of the relationship between these two variables (.000) raises the question of whether the Designated Driver Campaign has the latent function of enabling some servers to neutralize their responsibility for over-serving by disregarding other types of intoxication-related harm.
RED-HEADED WOODPECKER NEST-SITE SELECTION AND REPRODUCTION IN MIXED PONDEROSA PINE AND ASPEN WOODLAND FOLLOWING FIRE

Abstract ABSTRACT Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpeserythrocephalus) populationsare declining at a continental scale, yet little isknown about their nest-site selection and reproductionwithin burned forests. We measured reproductiveparameters and nest-site characteristics at 17Red-headed Woodpecker nests and 17 random sitesbetween 2001 and 2004 in the Black Hills, SouthDakota. The average date the first egg was laid was 17June, and the average clutch size was 5.4 ±0.4. The daily nest survival rate averaged 0.98(overall nest success = 47%), and predation was the major cause ofnest failure. Red-headed Woodpecker nests occurredfarther from grassland edges in large diameter snagswithin severely burned quaking aspen(Populustremuloides) stands.High-severity fire within these aspen stands resultedin a combination of snag and understorycharacteristics that differed from the surroundingpine forest matrix. Interactions between cover typeand burn severity may have important ecologicalconsequences for Red-headed Wood...
Efficient npn operation in high voltage NMOSFET for ESD robustness

This paper presents a design technique to achieve parasitic npn turn-on in a high voltage drain extended nMOS (DEnMOS) transistor under ESD conditions. Using the gate-coupled design technique, the overlap between the n/sup -/ drain and the gate is designed for optimum gate potential transient corresponding to maximum substrate current generation under ESD, which can subsequently lead to forward biasing of the substrate-source junction. This approach resulted in more than 6 kV of ESD level for a 600/5 /spl mu/m DEnMOS device.
The absence of the transcription activator TFE3 impairs activation of B cells in vivo

TFE3 is a ubiquitously expressed member of the TFE3/mi family of basic helix loop helix zipper transcription factors. TFE3 binds to muE3 sites located in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) intronic enhancer, heavy-chain variable region promoters, the Ig kappa intronic enhancer, and regulatory sites in other genes. To understand the role of TFE3 in Ig expression and lymphoid development, we used embryonic stem (ES) cell-mediated gene targeting and RAG2-/- blastocyst complementation to generate mice which lack TFE3 in their B and T lymphocytes. TFE3- ES cells fully reconstitute the B- and T-cell compartments, giving rise to normal patterns of IgM+ B220+ B cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, TFE3- B cells show several defects consistent with poor B-cell activation. Serum IgM levels are reduced twofold and IgG and IgA isotypes are reduced three- to sixfold in the TFE3- chimeras even though in vitro, the TFE3- splenocytes secrete normal levels of all isotypes in response to lipopolysaccharide activation. Peripheral TFE3- B cells also show reduced surface expression of CD23 and CD24 (heat-stable antigen).
Directional Symmetry in the Spiral Aftereffect

The duration of the spiral aftereffect was measured after 1, 2, and 5 min. of adaptation for “inward” and “outward” rotation of the spiral. Duration of the aftereffect increased as adaptation time ...
The WD repeat protein, Mdv1p, functions as a molecular adaptor by interacting with Dnm1p and Fis1p during mitochondrial fission.

Yeast mitochondrial fission is a multistep process during which the dynamin-related GTPase, Dnm1p, assembles into punctate structures that associate with the outer mitochondrial membrane and mediate mitochondrial division. Steps in the Dnm1p-dependent process of fission are regulated by the actions of the WD repeat protein, Mdv1p, and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein, Fis1p. Our previous studies suggested a model where Mdv1p functions to regulate fission at a post-Dnm1p assembly step and Fis1p functions at two distinct steps, at an early point, to regulate Dnm1p assembly, and later, together with Mdv1p, to facilitate Dnm1p-dependent mitochondrial fission. To test this model, we have examined the physical and functional relationship between Mdv1p and Fis1p and present genetic, biochemical, and two-hybrid data indicating that a Fis1p–Mdv1p complex is required to regulate mitochondrial fission. To further define the role of Mdv1p in fission, we examined the structural features of Mdv1p required for its interactions with Dnm1p and Fis1p. Data from two-hybrid analyses and GFP-tagged domains of Mdv1p indicate that it contains two functionally distinct domains that enable it to function as a molecular adaptor to regulate sequential interactions between Dnm1p and Fis1p and catalyze a rate-limiting step in mitochondrial fission.
Ganglioneuroma of the adrenal gland and retroperitoneum: A case report

Context: Ganglioneuromas are benign tumors of the sympathetic nervous system that rarely arise in the adrenal gland. Majority of cases are detected incidentally since they are usually asymptomatic. Up to the current era of laparoscopic adrenal mass excision, this unusual entity has not been adequately reported in the surgical literature. Case Report: A 51 year old male with history of hypertension was found to have abdominal bruit during a regular physical examination. A 4 cm right adrenal mass with upper pole calcification and a 6 cm retro-pancreatic mass were subsequently found on a computed tomography scan. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was indeterminate. Preoperative endocrine evaluation showed mildly elevated vanillyl mandelic acid with normal 24-hour cathecolamine, metanephrine and cortisol levels. Histopathologic examination after an uneventful laparoscopic excision was consistent with ganglioneuroma. Conclusions: Ganglioneuroma occurs rarely in adrenal gland and preoperative diagnosis is difficult since symptoms are usually nonspecific. Due to widespread utilization of abdominal imaging, however, it should be included in differential diagnosis of adrenal or retroperitoneal mass. Histopathologic examination is currently the mainstay of diagnosis.
Accuracy and feasibility of dual fluoroscopy and model-based tracking to quantify in vivo hip kinematics during clinical exams

Chondrolabral damage in hips with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) may result from motion conflict due to abnormal bony morphology. Clinical range of motion and skin-marker motion analysis studies indicate that kinematics are altered in FAI hips, but assessments are limited due to subjective goniometer alignment, skin motion artifact, and imprecise estimations of the hip joint center. Computer simulations of collision between the femur and pelvis suggest that FAI reduces range of motion, but assume a fixed center of rotation and neglect bulk soft tissue restraints. Thus, hip impingement has not been accurately quantified in vivo.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Coaggregation and formation of a joint myocardial tissue by embryonic mammalian and avian heart eel Is

Intercellular adhesion and tissue reconstruction from homologous dissociated embryonic cells from two species were studied. Dissociated 12-day-old embryonic rat heart cells and 50-h-old embryonic chick heart cells were labeled with tritiated thymidine and allowed to aggregate in Erlenmeyer flasks during rotation culture on a gyratory water-bath shaker. The cultures were continued for 72 h. Cell aggregates were examined microscopically for evidence of contractility and subsequently processed at intervals between 1 and 72 h for transmission electron microscopic autoradiography. Rat and chick hearts used in this study appeared comparable in their stage of development and cellular composition. With the exception of mature blood cells and some fibroblastic non-muscle cells, all chick cardiac muscle cells were labeled with tritiated thymidine. As the cultures continued, aggregates increased in size by continuous accretion of cells and joining of small clusters. The cells within these mixed aggregates exhibited synchronous contractility from 1 h until the cultures were terminated. Most of the aggregation in both control and mixed aggregates was completed within 24 h. Control aggregates consisted of cells from a single species, either chick or rat. Approximately 18 % of labeled chick cardiac muscle cells established intercellular contacts and junctions with unlabeled rat cardiac muscle cells after 6 h of culture. This increased to 72 % after 72 h in culture. The junctions observed between chick and rat cardiac muscle cells were desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. Approximately 13 % of the cardiac muscle cells of one species either chick or rat were found scattered within clusters which contained .15 % of the cells from the other species after 72 h of culture. These scattered cells did not form junctions with monospecific cell groups. The implications of these intercellular adhesions between the same and different species are discussed, bearing two hypotheses in mind: (1) Moscona and collaborators, (2) Burdickand Steinberg. This study suggests that cellular as well as species identity plays an important role in the determination of intercellular adhesion among the embryonic cells from different species.
Motor responses to food of the ileum, proximal colon, and distal colon of healthy humans

Abstract Intraluminal pressures and motility indexes were recorded from ileum, ascending colon, rectosigmoid colon, and rectum of 6 healthy men. Three different test meals were eaten at 5-hour intervals. During fasting, migrating motor complexes were identified in the ileum. In ascending colon, irregular, isolated peaks of pressure were common; when bursts of continuous activity occurred, their predominant frequency was 6/min. Regular contractile activity occurred in distal colon at a frequency of 2.5-3.5/min, although 3 subjects also demonstrated rates of 7/min. There were both synchronous and independent contractions of the rectosigmoid and rectum, and no temporal relationship was obvious between motor activities of ascending and distal colons. When the preprandial hour contained no migrating motor complex, all meals increased the ileal motility index by 50%. The motility index of ascending and rectosigmoid colons were enhanced by solid meals, but not by meals containing amino acids. We conclude that motor patterns in the colon vary regionally, both fasting and after food. Results obtained at one site of the large intestine should not be extrapolated to others.
Complete elimination of longitudinal spatial hole burning in DFB lasers

Longitudinal spatial hole burning (LSHB) is known to cause a deterioration in the single-mode stability of distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers at high output powers,1 to produce a nonlinearity in the laser characteristics, and to cause adiabatic chirp, all highly detrimental to the achievement of narrow-linewidth operation or distortionless AM/FM modulation. Reduction of LSHB has been reported by using gratings with a longitudinally carving phase, which results in narrow-linewidth operation.2 This paper describes how a longitudinal tailoring of the coupling-coefficient magnitude is necessary for completely eliminating LSHB. A practical implementation will be introduced and analyzed.
Primitive Accumulation and Re-appropriation of the Information Commons

This paper suggests that LIS might benefit from critical political economy as a way of theorizing and responding to enclosures of information commons. The autonomist Marxist re-invigoration of ‘primitive accumulation’ offers a register for apprehending contemporary erosions of the commons. Autonomist Marxism also helps conceptualize resistance to enclosures. Cet article suggere que la bibliotheconomie et les sciences de l'information (BSI) tireraient avantage de l'economie politique critique comme moyen de theoriser le cloisonnement de l'information commune et d'y repondre. La revigoration marxiste autonomiste de « l'accumulation primitive » offre un registre permettant d'elucider l'erosion contemporaine du bien commun. Le marxisme autonomiste aide egalement a conceptualiser la resistance au cloisonnement.
A Mayer-Vietoris model for Donaldson-Floer theory

Andreas Floer [F] introduced a novel cohomology theory for a compact, oriented, 3-manifold with the homology groups of S 3. (A homology sphere.) Subsequently, Donaldson [Dl] (see [A], [B], [DFK]) discovered that Floer cohomology has an intimate relationship to his gauge theoretic 4-manifold invariants [D2], [DK], [FM]. More precisely, Donaldson originally defined integer-valued invariants for compact, oriented 4-manifolds. He then found that his invariants naturally generalize to invariants of 4-manifolds with homology sphere boundary with one large difference: The generalized invariant takes values in the Floer cohomology of the boundary 3-manifold.
Quasi-Stationary Distributions, Eigenmeasures, and Eigenfunctions of Markov Processes

Let Pt be a submarkov semigroup on a Lusin topological state space E with Borel field E. We call a positive sigma-finite measure m on E an eigenmeasure if mPt = e-ct m for some real number c. We call a positive E-measurable function f an eigenfunction if ptf = e-ctf for some real number c. In each case, we call c the eigenvalue of either the eigenmeasure or the eigenfunction. Eigenmeasures are also known by the name quasi-stationary distributions in the Markov chain literature: see [5], [17], [18].
Abstract 5646: Overcoming acquired resistance to cetuximab by dual targeting of HER family members using antibody based therapy.

The EGFR is recognized as a key mediator of proliferation and progression in many human tumors and strategies to inhibit EGFR signaling have emerged as highly promising cancer therapy approaches. However, many tumors do not show response to EGFR inhibition and some of the responders eventually manifest resistance to treatment. In an effort to examine mechanisms of acquired resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody we developed a series of cetuximab-resistant clones using the NSCLC line NCI-H226. During efforts to elucidate molecular pathways that are involved in acquired resistance to cetuximab we found that 1) EGFR ubiquitination and degradation is altered in cetuximab-resistant cells resulting in increased steady-state expression of the EGFR and 2) enhanced signaling from the EGFR to HER3 and the PI(3)K/Akt pathway indicating that activation of HER3 may lead to escape from cetuximab therapy. To investigate the role of HER3 in acquired resistance to cetuximab we used both RNAi and targeted approaches using the anit-HER3 antibody U3-1287/AMG888. siRNA directed against HER3 indicated that resistant cells had a strong dependency on HER3. Further, targeting HER3 using U3-1287/AMG888 showed a dose-dependent anti-proliferative response in resistant cells. In studies using siRNA against the EGFR and HER3 resulted in robust inhibition of cell proliferation than did silencing of either receptor alone in resistant cells. Comparable effects on cell proliferation were observed after combinatorial treatment of cells by the EGFR antibody cetuximab and the HER3 antibody U3-1287/AMG888. In addition, combined EGFR and HER3 inhibition by either siRNAs or antibodies decreased the phosphorylation of downstream signaling pathways AKT and MAPK. Annexin-V binding assays showed a significant increase in apoptosis in U3-1287/AMG888 plus cetuximab treated cells as compared to either agent alone. To determine if U3-1287/AMG888 could have therapeutic benefit as a combination treatment with cetuximab in vivo, mice harboring NCI-H226 xenografts will be treated with cetuximab for approximately 70-100 days until cetuximab-resistant tumors develop. At this time mice with resistant tumors will be divided into two groups that will be treated with both cetuximab and U3-1287/AMG888 or cetuximab alone. The work presented herein suggests that cells with acquired resistance to cetuximab maintain their dependence on EGFR and HER3 signaling via the AKT and MAPK pathways. Citation Format: Mari Iida, Toni M. Brand, Megan M. Starr, Neha Luthar, Matthew J. Wleklinski, Deric L. Wheeler. Overcoming acquired resistance to cetuximab by dual targeting of HER family members using antibody based therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5646. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5646
Factors affecting nest and site fidelity in Adirondack barn swallows (Hirundo rustica)

Etude menee de 1979 a 1983 pres du lac Cranberry, New York. L'insucces d'une premiere nidification avec un partenaire donne dans une localite donnee est une cause determinante de desertion et de dispersion
Treatment of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect in Children Weighing Less than 15 kg: Minimally Invasive Periventricular Device Occlusion versus Right Subaxillary Small Incision Surgical Repair.

Background To compare the treatment outcomes between minimally invasive periventricular device occlusion (MIPDO) and right subaxillary incision surgical repair (RSISR) on perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PmVSD) in children weighing less than 15 kg. Methods From January 2010 to January 2013, 538 infants (age Results All patients had effective treatment with no death or serious life-threatening complications. In group 1, 255 cases (96.23%) underwent successful periventricular device occlusion. The remaining 10 cases (3.77%) were successfully converted to conventional operation. Different arrhythmias arose in 30 cases (11.76%), trivial residual shunt (RS) in 18 cases (7.06%), and new trivial tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in 29 cases (11.37%). In group 2, all patients (100%) underwent successful surgical repair. Different arrhythmias occurred in 116 cases (43.77%), trivial RS in 16 cases (6.04%), new trivial TR in 11 cases (4.15%), and heart dysfunction in 17 patients (6.42%). All patients were followed for more than 12 months. The final treatment effects were similar in both groups, but group 1 was significantly superior to group 2 regarding operation time, volume of blood loss, length of intubation and ICU stay, hospitalizations, and costs (all p Conclusion Both RSISR and MIPDO are effective treatment methods for PmVSD. Though having some limitations, MIPDO not only minimized the surgical trauma to patients but also ensured safety to the maximum extent. However, patient selection is vital. For selected patients, especially those with moderate PmVSDs with obvious clinical symptoms and no valve regurgitation, it seems an ideal approach.
Management of the pregnant diabetic patient in a private general hospital; a 10 year study.

(1956). Management of the Pregnant Diabetic Patient in a Private General Hospital. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 248-253.
Communication—Electrochemical Power Generation from Culled Papaya Fruits

Low cost electric power generation using raw juice from culled papaya or fruit waste as feedstock was achieved in a sugar-air alkaline battery (SAAB) with about 37% coulombic efficiency at 0.7–0.8 mW cm−2 near peak power density. Such fruit waste, juice-based electrochemical energy could be poised as sustainable distributed energy resource for remote or underdeveloped regions that need cheap electricity without complicated infrastructure.
Improved quantum genetic algorithm with double chains and its application

Aiming at the problems that how to keep population diversity and improve optimization efficiency in double chains quantum genetic algorithm, this paper proposed three improvements. Firstly, by adding the constant factor to the trigonometric expressions of quantum bit probability amplitudes, performed the search in a number of trigonometric functions cycle at the same time, which enhanced the optimization efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Secondly, the mutation strategy applying the single bit quantum Hadamard gates enhanced the diversity of population. Thirdly, enhanced the adaptability of the proposed algorithm by redesigning the step function of rotation angle of quantum rotation gates, and this also avoided the oscillation effectively. Finally, with application of function extremum optimization with multi-variables, the simulation results show that the three improvements are efficient.
Taking Economic Rights Seriously

It is not news that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights added many new rights to the traditional lists of natural rights. Among the most controversial of these are such economic rights as the alleged human rights to social security, work, just and favorable remuneration, rest and leisure, and adequate standard of living and education proclaimed in articles 22 through 26. Such rights, if genuine, are a species of ethical claim-right; at the core of each of these human rights stands one or more ethical claims to economic goods or services such as an income after one retires, a job, or medical care.
Directional variation of spatial and temporal characteristics of limb movements made by monkeys in a two-dimensional work space

1. The directional variation of kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) characteristics of two-joint arm movements made to targets in a two-dimensional work space was studied in monkeys trained to make targeted arm movements under different behavioral conditions. 2. In each animal, kinematic measures of movement (movement amplitude, movement time, peak velocity, and trajectory curvature) and endpoint spatial position within the target zone varied as a function of the direction of the target from the starting position. Movements made toward the body into the ipsilateral hemispace generally had the smallest amplitude, lowest peak velocity, and longest movement time. 3. Although the directional variation in peak velocity could partially be accounted for by predicted anisotropies in the inertial load imposed by the arm, deviations from these predictions suggest that movement amplitude is controlled more rigorously by the CNS. Adjustments in movement time may be used to compensate for inertial anisotropies. 4. The spatial characteristics of movements (amplitude, trajectory curvature, or endpoint error) were influenced little by the visibility of the target during movement, the advanced knowledge of target location, or the presence or absence of an external trigger cue. However, temporal characteristics (movement time, peak velocity, and for some animals, reaction time) varied more as sensory cues were changed. 5. The time of initial EMG activity in muscles acting around the shoulder varied systematically as a function of target direction. A cosine model accounted for a large fraction of the variability in initial onset time, as determined in a trial-by-trial analysis. The amplitude of the EMG activity was more narrowly tuned, however. Muscles acting at the elbow showed less activity and more variable directional tuning. 6. We conclude that directional variations in the kinematic characteristics of movement, and thus, the dynamic force requirements of the task, must be taken into consideration as contributors to the apparent directional coding described for neuronal populations in different portions of the CNS.
Holography and hydrodynamics in small systems

Abstract Using holographic duality, we present results for the off-center collision of Gaussian wave packets in strongly coupled N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. The wave packets are thin along the collision axis and superficially at least resemble Lorentz contracted colliding protons. The collision results in the formation of a droplet of liquid of size R ∼ 1 / T eff where T eff is the effective temperature, which is the characteristic microscopic scale in strongly coupled plasma. These results demonstrate the applicability of hydrodynamics to microscopically small systems and bolster the notion that hydrodynamics can be applied to heavy-light ion collisions as well as proton-proton collisions.
GENDER DISPARITY IN PAKISTANI MEDIA ORGANIZATIONS IN THE DIGITAL AGE

This study analyses gender inequality and glass ceiling, which are the greatest hindrances that are keeping away the Pakistani women from reaching high positions in the media organizations. Working women in Pakistan face much difficulty in climbing the professional ladder and are regularly discriminated from the leadership positions. The study at hand, investigates the overarching circumstance of discriminatory limitation impact from Pakistani working women's viewpoint alongside limited career opportunities that are keeping them away from profession about which they are ambitious. The gender discrimination is accessed on five categories: Glass ceiling, Wage gap, opportunities, Competence, Social and cultural barriers. Survey questionnaire was given to 30 working female reporters, journalists and RJ’s. Findings offered insight about the prevalence of gender discrimination in media jobs targeted to females. Women can fantasize only however, might never achieve high stature positions in media organizations. It's certainly wrong to say that women are not competent enough and lack the skills and don't have the right capacities to be deserving of key posts in media Key words: Media organizations, gender disparity, Pakistani women, male chauvinism, women in media
Dietary protein source at breakfast influences subsequent learning and memory performance

The rapid growth and development of the brains of children and adolescents make them more reliant on regular intake of nutrients and more susceptible to impairments of cognitive performance if the ...
Are diabetes guidelines truly evidence based

The global epidemic of obesity and diabetes underscores the urgency to develop strategies to prevent cardiovascular (CV) disease in this vulnerable population. Clinical guidelines are intended to help the clinician manage these patients, but guidelines are often discordant among professional organizations and not always evidence based. Clinicians must rely upon the best available evidence, and therefore we critically reviewed the evidence behind the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2016 guidelines on the prevention of CV disease in diabetes. We believe the most robust evidence comes from randomized controlled trials specifically designed for diabetes with hard clinical endpoints such as mortality and CV events. Our analysis supports the ADA recommendations regarding a Mediterranean diet, glycemic control, and BP control, but we believe the evidence to support aspirin and statin therapy in diabetes is inconclusive. This discordance may be multi-factorial including the exclusion of some relevant studies and an over-reliance upon subgroup and meta-analysis. Given the lack of mortality benefit and inconsistent clinical benefits of aspirin and statins, it is essential that clinicians individualize treatment decisions while carefully weighing the risks and harms of any intervention.