cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teacher Characteristics Associated With Responsiveness and Exposure to Consultation and Online Professional Development Resources

Research Findings: This article is a natural follow-up to intent-to-treat findings indicating that the MyTeachingPartner Consultancy, inclusive of online video resources and Web-mediated consultation, improved the quality of pre-K teachers' interactions with children. This study takes a close look at implementation fidelity within the effective MTP Consultancy condition over both years of implementation, in order to learn more about the ingredients of professional development that may have contributed to the success of the intervention. Practice or Policy: Variation in teachers' responsiveness (e.g., ratings of Consultancy worth) and exposure to the intervention (e.g., number of consultation cycles completed) are examined, with particular interest in the identification of teacher factors that may serve as supports or barriers to successfully implementing consultation supports and online professional development resources.
A controlled study of processing of semantic and syntactic information in Alzheimer's disease

Several previous studies have suggested a possible dissociation in the ability of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) to utilize syntactic versus semantic information. This report describes a controlled experimental investigation of AD subjects' ability to process syntactic and semantic information. Thirteen mildly and moderately impaired AD patients were compared with 17 age- and education-matched elderly controls. Two tasks required subjects to identify and correct sentential errors; a third was a homophone spelling task. Results of the first task indicated that AD subjects were equivalent to controls in their ability to detect various types of sentential errors. When performing the second task, AD subjects were impaired in their ability to correct both types of errors, although there was a tendency for better performance with syntactically-based corrections. The third (homophone-spelling) task did not reveal a statistically significant differential sensitivity of AD subjects to syntactic versus semantic information. However, there was again a tendency for the former to be more easily processed. Results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms which may underlie variations in the language-related performance of AD subjects.
Long-term follow-up evaluation of endoscopic sclerotherapy for dilated gastrojejunostomy after gastric bypass.

Endoscopic sclerotherapy using sodium morrhuate has been used to treat patients with weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass whose presumed etiology is loss of restriction due to gastrojejunostomy dilation. Weight loss and stability have been demonstrated in several studies with short-term follow-up evaluation. This retrospective review evaluated all the patients who underwent sclerotherapy for a dilated gastrojejunostomy between 2007 and 2012. The study identified 48 patients with a mean follow-up period of 22 months (range 12–60 months). The mean age of these patients was 47.5 ± 10.5 years, and 92 % were women. The average weight loss from the primary procedure was 132.5 ± 54.82 lb, and the average weight regain from the lowest weight to the maximum weight before sclerotherapy was 46 ± 40.32 lb. The median number of sclerotherapy sessions was two (range 1–4). The pre-procedure mean gastrojejunostomy diameter was 20 ± 3.6 mm, and the mean volume of sodium morrhuate injected per session was 12.8 ± 3.7 ml. The average weight loss from sclerotherapy to the final documented weight was 3.17 ± 19.70 lb, which was not statistically significant. The following variables in the multivariate analysis were not associated with statistically significant weight loss: volume of sodium morrhuate, patient age, gastrojejunostomy diameter, number of sclerotherapy sessions, decrease in gastrojejunostomy diameter between the first and second sessions, and number of follow-up years. Weight stabilization or loss was achieved by 58 % of our cohort, with a mean weight loss of 15.9 ± 14.6 lb in this subgroup. The long-term follow-up evaluation of patients undergoing sclerotherapy of the gastrojejunostomy for weight regain after gastric bypass showed only a marginal weight loss, which was not statistically significant in our study population, although more than 50 % of the patients achieved weight loss or stabilization.
Supervisor Estimation of Abilities Required in Jobs.

Abstract The Minnesota Job Requirements Questionnaire (MJRQ) was developed and administered to supervisors of 11 selected jobs who rated the ability requirements of the job they supervised. The MJRQ represented each of nine GATB aptitudes by five items in a Likert-type format. MJRQ ratings were compared with expert ratings in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) and Occupational Ability Patterns (OAPs) derived from administration of the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB). Reliability of MJRQ ratings was shown by high Hoyt reliability coefficients. Comparison of mean ratings and variabilities of ratings by supervisors in a job showed construct validity for the MJRQ approach, as did intercorrelations of MJRQ ratings. OAPs derived from the MJRQ compared favorably with those derived from the GATB and DOT, showing promise for the parsimonious MJRQ approach to the development of OAPs.
Summary of an Oiled Bird Response

Abstract An oiled bird response involves 6 basic steps: recovery and transportation, processing and intake, stabilization, cleaning, prerelease conditioning, and release. Oiled birds are often emaciated and dehydrated when they are captured. These deficiencies and any problems associated with oil exposure must be addressed before birds can be washed to remove the oil from contaminated feathers. Restoring waterproofing is paramount to recovery. For this to occur, normal feather structure must be restored.
How the cell cycle impacts chromatin architecture and influences cell fate.

Since the earliest observations of cells undergoing mitosis, it has been clear that there is an intimate relationship between the cell cycle and nuclear chromatin architecture. The nuclear envelope and chromatin undergo robust assembly and disassembly during the cell cycle, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of histone biogenesis and chromatin modification is controlled in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Chromatin binding proteins and chromatin modifications in turn influence the expression of critical cell cycle regulators, the accessibility of origins for DNA replication, DNA repair, and cell fate. In this review we aim to provide an integrated discussion of how the cell cycle machinery impacts nuclear architecture and vice-versa. We highlight recent advances in understanding cell cycle-dependent histone biogenesis and histone modification deposition, how cell cycle regulators control histone modifier activities, the contribution of chromatin modifications to origin firing for DNA replication, and newly identified roles for nucleoporins in regulating cell cycle gene expression, gene expression memory and differentiation. We close with a discussion of how cell cycle status may impact chromatin to influence cell fate decisions, under normal contexts of differentiation as well as in instances of cell fate re-programming.
Trypanosoma lewisi: ultrastructural observations of surface antigen movement induced by antibody.

Abstract Cellular antigens of Trypanosoma lewisi have been located with ferritin-conjugated antibody (FCA) at the ultrastructural level. Incubation of live T. lewisi with antibodies from infected rats and ferritin-labeled rabbit anti-rat γ-globulin induced aggregation of surface antigens in the flagellar pockets, the desmosomal regions, and the flagellar membranes of parasites. Aggregation of surface antigens was not observed when the trypanosomes were incubated with γ-globulin and FCA at low temperatures (0–4 C). Sections of trypanosomes incubated at 37 C for 15 or 30 min after incubation at 0 C with FCA showed internalization of FCA in membrane-bound vesicles. Studying the movement and aggregation of these parasites' surface antigens may give information about the molecular dynamics of the plasma membrane and provide insights into the trypanosomes' antigenic modulation and the hosts' immunological responses.
Volcanogenic sediment and proximal versus distal provenance in abyssal plains

Abstract The volcanic fraction in piston cores is one of several indices useful for interpreting the importance of locally-derived material in abyssal plain sedimentation. A model based on compositional analyses of core samples from the southern Sohm Abyssal Plain illustrates that as access to land-derived sources diminishes, the proportion of terrigenous components is reduced while pelagic and volcanic fractions are enhanced. Thus, sediment accumulating in abyssal plains isolated from terrigenous sources would comprise significant amounts of pelagic (including wind-blown) and volcanic components. Even in an abyssal plain, such as the Sohm, which during the Quarternary has had direct access to abundant distally-derived terrigenous sources, locally supplied volcanic products account for a significant fraction of the total abyssal plain sediment fill.
On pooling data summaries in the absence of interactions “response-by-study”

The standard hypothesis testing procedure in meta-analysis (or multi-center clinical trials) in the absence of treatment-by-center interaction relies on approximating the null distribution of the standard test statistic by a standard normal distribution. For relatively small sample sizes, the standard procedure has been shown by various authors to have poor control of the type I error probability, leading to too many liberal decisions. In this article, two test procedures are proposed, which rely on thet—distribution as the reference distribution. A simulation study indicates that the proposed procedures attain significance levels closer to the nominal level compared with the standard procedure.
Optimal power flow in microgrids using event-triggered optimization

Microgrids usually have limited power generation capacity, and are networked together to meet the small area's load demand in a cooperative way. This paper considers using an event-triggered distributed optimization algorithm to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in microgrids. Under event-triggering, each subsystem broadcasts its state to its neighbors when a local error signal exceeds a state dependent threshold. We develop an event-triggered distributed optimization algorithm for the OPF problem and proves its convergence. Simulations are done for the CERTS microgrid model using MATLAB/SimPower. Preliminary simulation results show that our algorithm solves the OPF problem in a distributed way with relatively infrequent communication between neighboring subsystems. This greatly relaxes the requirement on a highly reliable communication system in existing OPF algorithms.
Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Compensation for Variations in Ambient Oxygen Concentration.

Due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes, research toward painless glucose sensing continues. Oxygen sensitive phosphors with glucose oxidase (GOx) can be used to determine glucose levels indirectly by monitoring oxygen consumption. This is an attractive combination because of its speed and specificity. Packaging these molecules together in “smart materials” for implantation will enable non-invasive glucose monitoring. As glucose levels increase, oxygen levels decrease; consequently, the luminescence intensity and lifetime of the phosphor increase. Although the response of the sensor is dependent on glucose concentration, the ambient oxygen concentration also plays a key role. This could lead to inaccurate glucose readings and increase the risk of hyper- or hypoglycemia. To mitigate this risk, the dependence of hydrogel glucose sensor response on oxygen levels was investigated and compensation methods explored. Sensors were calibrated at different oxygen concentrations using a single generic logistic equation, such that trends in oxygen-dependence were determined as varying parameters in the equation. Each parameter was found to be a function of oxygen concentration, such that the correct glucose calibration equation can be calculated if the oxygen level is known. Accuracy of compensation will be determined by developing an overall calibration, using both glucose and oxygen sensors in parallel, correcting for oxygen fluctuations in real time by intentionally varying oxygen, and calculating the error in actual and predicted glucose levels. While this method was developed for compensation of enzymatic glucose sensors, in principle it can also be implemented with other kinds of sensors utilizing oxidases.
Multi-objective optimization for the National Ignition facility's Gamma reaction History diagnostic

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is producing experimental results for the study of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF). The Gamma Reaction History (GRH) diagnostic at NIF can detect gamma rays to measure fusion burn parameters such as fusion burn width, bang time, neutron yield, and areal density of the compressed ablator for cryogenic deuterium-tritium (DT) implosions. Gamma-ray signals detected with this diagnostic are inherently distorted by hardware impulse response functions (IRFs) and gains, and are comprised of several components including gamma rays from laser-plasma interactions (LPI). One method for removing hardware distortions to approximate the gamma-ray reaction history is deconvolution. However, deconvolution of the distorted signal to obtain the gamma-ray reaction history and its associated parameters presents an ill-posed inverse problem and does not separate out the source components of the gamma-ray signal. A multi-dimensional parameter space model for the distorted gamma-ray signal has been developed in the literature. To complement a deconvolution, we develop a multi-objective optimization algorithm to determine the model parameters so that the error between the model and the collected gamma-ray data is minimized in the least-squares sense. The implementation of the optimization algorithm must be suffciently robust to be used in automated production software. To achieve this level of robustness, impulse response signals must be carefully processed and constraints on the parameter space based on theory and experimentation must be implemented to ensure proper convergence of the algorithm. In this paper, we focus on the optimization algorithm's theory and implementation.
Tension–compression asymmetry in severely deformed pure copper

Abstract In this work, we investigate the tension–compression asymmetry in the flow response of pure copper, severely deformed by a single pass of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE), and tested afterwards in tension and compression along three orthogonal directions. The tension and compression responses differ in flow stress, hardening rate and transient behavior. The asymmetry in tension and compression responses depends on the direction of straining. Predictions from a microstructurally based hardening law implemented in a viscoplastic self-consistent polycrystal model demonstrate that the tension–compression asymmetry and its anisotropy arise not only from crystallographic texture but also from the directional substructure induced by the severe pre-straining. Slip activity differs in each grain and in each axial test, depending on its crystallographic orientation, orientation relationship with the previously generated substructure and pre-strain history. Asymmetry occurs because tension and compression represent two different types of strain path changes. Consequently, macroscopic deformation is a reflection of the type of strain path change represented by the post-ECAE axial test.
it feels right. therefore, i feel present and enjoy: The effects of regulatory fit and the mediating roles of social presence and self-presence in avatar-based 3d virtual environments

This research examined the effects of regulatory fit on media users' enjoyment of interactions with a virtual interlocutor and feelings of social presence and self-presence in the 3D virtual environments (VEs) of Second Life. Results from a two (regulatory focus state: promotion vs. prevention) ii¾ two (regulatory strategy: eagerness means vs. vigilance means) between-subjects full-factorial experiment demonstrated that the regulatory fit between regulatory focus state and means for goal pursuit in computer-mediated communication (CMC) within 3D VEs increases users' enjoyment, feelings of presence, and postexperimental healthy eating intentions. A path analysis further revealed the mediating roles of social presence and self-presence. Theoretical and methodological contributions as well as practical implications are discussed.
Time-dependent unavailability of aging standby components based on nuclear plant data

Abstract The time-dependent unavailability of periodically tested and repaired aging components which have first failure densities satisfying the normal and the Weibull distributions with aging threshold are investigated using a generalized formula for surveillance testing and repair. The formalism is applied to the case of periodic, good-as-old surveillance testing with good-as-new repair. Actual aging data are used. The results show that aging can have significant impacts on the availability and reliability of a component and the system containing the component. More specifically: a) the time dependent unavailability of aging components can go through large swings with varying magnitude in time before stabilizing to the standard saw-tooth behavior of periodically tested components with constant failure rates, and b) approximating the unavailability by a constant failure rate can lead to large differences even when an average unavailability is calculated.
Growth of highly conducting epitaxial ZnO-Pt-ZnO heterostructure on α-Al2O3 (0 0 0 1)

Abstract Here we report the growth of epitaxial ZnO–Pt–ZnO trilayer structures on sapphire (0 0 0 1) substrate by using pulsed laser deposition technique. These structures were characterized using X-ray diffraction, conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, STEM (scanning Transmission Electron microscopy-Atomic number) Z-contrast, optical transmittance and electrical resistivity measurements. X-ray diffraction and TEM experiments revealed the epitaxial nature of these structures, the orientation relationship being: 〈1 1 1〉 pt ||〈0 0 0 1〉 ZnO ||〈0 0 0 1〉〈0 0 0 1〉 sapphire (out of plane) and 〈1 1 0〉 pt ||〈2 1¯ 1¯ 0〉 ZnO ||〈0 1 1¯ 0〉 sapphire (in Plane) for the trilayer structure. Electrical and optical measurements showed that these heterostructures exhibit quite good electrical conductivity and at the same time possess moderate optical transmittance.
“We are the Union”: Care Work, Unions, and Social Movements

This article explores the potential confluences between the labor movement and calls for a “care movement.” Scholars of care work focus on the paid and unpaid labor that provides for the health, ed...
Review of numerical procedures for computational surface thermochemistry

Models and equations for surface thermochemistry and near-surface thermophysics of aerodynamically heated thermal protection materials are reviewed, with particular emphasis on computational boundary conditions for surface mass and energy transfer. The surface energy and mass balances, coupled with an appropriate ablation or surface catalysis model, provide complete thermochemical boundary conditions for a true multidisciplinary solution of the fully coupled fluid-dynamics/solid mechanics problem. Practical approximate solutions can be obtained by using a detailed model with full thermophysics for either the solid or fluid phase and a semianalytic method for the other half of the problem. A significant increase in the state-of-the-art in aerothermal computational fluid dynamics is possible by uniting computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methodology with surface thermochemistry boundary conditions and the heat-balance-integral method.
Minor differences between nucleotide sequences of mild and severe strains of potato spindle tuber viroid

VIROIDS are the smallest replicating pathogenic agents known1. Composed entirely of RNA, they have genome sizes in the range of 330–380 nucleotides2, 10 times smaller than the smallest bacteriophage of Escherichia coli3. Although there is no evidence for the existence of a protective protein coat for viroids, they infect a wide variety of plants and in many produce severe disease symptoms1,4. The molecular mechanisms by which viroids replicate and interact with their hosts are not yet understood. In its most severe form, the disease5,6 caused by potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) causes general stunting of potato plant growth, deformity of the upper foliage, and production of disfigured potatoes5. Mild strains of PSTV which produce barely detectable symptoms have also been isolated7. Furthermore, plants infected by mild strains are somehow protected from developing symptoms following subsequent inoculation with severe strains8,9. This biological protection phenomenon has been called cross-protection7. As the only known component of viroids is RNA, mild and severe strains must differ in nucleotide sequence. The study described here aimed to determine the extent of this difference.
Computerized comprehensive data analysis of lung imaging database consortium (LIDC).

Purpose: Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) is the largest public CT image database of lung nodules. In this study, the authors present a comprehensive and the most updated analysis of this dynamically growing database under the help of a computerized tool, aiming to assist researchers to optimally use this database for lung cancer related investigations. Methods: The authors developed a computer scheme to automatically match the nodule outlines marked manually by radiologists on CT images. A large variety of characteristics regarding the annotated nodules in the database including volume, spiculation level, elongation, interobserver variability, as well as the intersection of delineated nodule voxels and overlapping ratio between the same nodules marked by different radiologists are automatically calculated and summarized. The scheme was applied to analyze all 157 examinations with complete annotation data currently available in LIDC dataset. Results: The scheme summarizes the statistical distributions of the abovementioned geometric and diagnosis features. Among the 391 nodules, (1) 365 (93.35%) have principal axis length ≤20 mm; (2) 120, 75, 76, and 120 were marked by one, two, three, and four radiologists, respectively; and (3) 122 (32.48%) have the maximum volume overlapping ratios ≥80% for the delineations of two radiologists, while 198 (50.64%) have the maximum volume overlapping ratios <60%. The results also showed that 72.89% of the nodules were assessed with malignancy score between 2 and 4, and only 7.93% of these nodules were considered as severely malignant (malignancy ≥4). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that LIDC contains examinations covering a diverse distribution of nodule characteristics and it can be a useful resource to assess the performance of the nodule detection and∕or segmentation schemes.
Mining a search engine's corpus: efficient yet unbiased sampling and aggregate estimation

Search engines over document corpora typically provide keyword-search interfaces. Examples include search engines over the web as well as those over enterprise and government websites. The corpus of such a search engine forms a rich source of information of analytical interest to third parties, but the only available access is by issuing search queries through its interface. To support data analytics over a search engine's corpus, one needs to address two main problems, the sampling of documents (for offline analytics) and the direct (online) estimation of aggregates, while issuing a small number of queries through the keyword-search interface.Existing work on sampling produces samples with unknown bias and may incur an extremely high query cost. Existing aggregate estimation technique suffers from a similar problem, as the estimation error and query cost can both be large for certain aggregates. We propose novel techniques which produce unbiased samples as well as unbiased aggregate estimates with small variances while incurring a query cost an order of magnitude smaller than the existing techniques. We present theoretical analysis and extensive experiments to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Truth and Beauty at the Nanoscale

ABSTRACT New forms of science sometimes raise issues about the relation between an object and an image of the object. What is a faithful reproduction? How do technical processes affect the image? Nanoscale images evoke these issues. To enhance our visual knowledge of nanoscale objects, the author revisits early cubist theory. This leads to suggestions in a neo-cubist spirit for making and seeing nanoscale images.
Gold‐coated tungsten tips for scanning tunneling microscopy

Electrochemically etched tungsten scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tips are dc sputter coated with 20 nm of gold (0.04 nm/s and 10 mTorr of argon). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of typical etched tips and gold‐coated etched tips are presented. The gold layer forms as a series of spherical sections having a mean height of 6.7 nm and mean width of 19.6 nm. STM images are reported for the uncoated W tips, and for gold‐coated graphite after coating the tip with gold. We also provide scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and STM images of the surface of a thin CuTCNQ film. The STM image taken with a gold‐coated W tip compares very well to the SEM image of the same sample. Gold coating provides a relatively inexpensive and easy way to produce chemically stable tips of well known electronic structure for use in ambient atmosphere STM studies of morphology (structures ≥10 nm) where atomic resolution is not required.
Chemistry and origin of minor and trace elements in vitrinite concentrates from a rank series from the eastern United States, England, and Australia

Abstract A rank series consisting of twelve vitrinite concentrates and companion whole-coal samples from mined coal beds in the eastern United States, England, and Australia were analyzed for C, H, N, O, ash, and 47 trace and minor elements by standard elemental, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and direct-current-arc spectrographic (DCAS) techniques. The reflectance of vitrinite, atomic H:C and O:C, and ash-free carbon data were used to determine ranks that range from high-volatile C bituminous coal to meta-anthracite. A van Krevelen (atomic H:C vs. O:C) diagram of the vitrinite concentrates shows a smooth curve having its lowest point at H:C = 0.18 and O:C = 0.01. This improves the van Krevelen diagram by the addition of our vitrinite concentrate from meta-anthracite from the Narragansett basin of New England. Boron content (400–450 ppm) in two Illinois basin vitrinite concentrates was about an order of magnitude higher than B contents in other concentrates analyzed. We attribute this to marine origin or hydrothermal activity. The alkaline-earth elements Ca, Mg and Ba (DCAS) have higher concentrations in our vitrinite concentrates from bituminous coals of the Appalachian basin, than they do in vitrinite concentrates from the marine-roofed bituminous coals of the Illinois basin; therefore, a nonmarine origin for these alkaline-earth elements is postulated for the Appalachian basin coals. An ion-exchange mechanism due to high concentrations of these elements as ions in diagenetic water, but probably not recent ground water, may be responsible for the relatively high values of these elements in Appalachian concentrates. Higher concentrations of Ni and Cr in one of the English vitrinite concentrates and of Zr in the Australian concentrate probably indicate organic association and detrital influence, respectively.
Cocaine and amphetamine preferentially stimulate glutamate release in the limbic system: studies on the involvement of dopamine.

The effects of cocaine and d-amphetamine on extracellular glutamate and aspartate levels in the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and striatum were studied by in vivo microdialysis in awake, freely moving rats. In the nucleus accumbens, glutamate levels were stimulated by cocaine (15–30 mg/kg, i.p.), GBR 12909 (15 mg/kg, i.p.), and d-amphetamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.), while aspartate levels were not affected. The increase in nucleus accumbens glutamate levels following cocaine (30 mg/kg) was calcium-dependent and was blocked by pretreatment with dopamine antagonists; haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.), SCH 23390 (0.02 mg/kg, i.p.), and raclopride (1 mg/kg, i.p.), as well as local 6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens. In the prefrontal cortex, glutamate levels were stimulated by both cocaine (15–30 mg/kg, i.p.) and d-amphetamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.), while aspartate levels were moderately stimulated by d-amphetamine only. The increase in prefrontal cortex glutamate levels following cocaine (30 mg/kg) was calcium-dependent and was blocked by pretreatment with SCH 23390 (0.02 mg/kg, i.p.), but not haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) or raclopride (1 mg/kg, i.p.). In the striatum, glutamate and aspartate levels were not affected by either cocaine (15–30 mg/kg, i.p.) or d-amphetamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.). These findings demonstrate that stimulants enhance glutamate release in limbic brain structures, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex, but not extrapyamidal brain structures, striatum. Furthermore, the increase in glutamate release in the nucleus accumbens may be mediated by dopamine. Synapse 27:95–105, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Radio frequency measurements and analysis codes

This paper describes a comprehensive set of computer codes for measuring, analyzing, and displaying field distributions in RF cavities. Development work began in 1984 for 8086-based computers. The codes now run on 486 and 386 PCs and include extensive on-line documentation. BEADPULL and QUADPULL collect frequency shifts as a metal or dielectric bead traverses a resonant cavity at constant speed. QUADPULL measures fields in all four quadrants of radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) cavities. Analysis codes apply the Slater perturbation theory to convert frequency shifts to fields. BEADPLOT plots the field distributions and calculates field integrals. DTLPLOT analyzes and plots BEADPULL measurements in drift-tube or coupled-cavity linacs. QUADPLOT does the same for QUADPULL data in RFQs. Supporting programs prepare design data for comparison with the measurements and compute averages of multiple measurements. COUPLING extends the accuracy of an impedance analyzer for Q and VSWR measurements. The code plots reflection coefficients on a Smith chart and analyzes the resonance circle to get /spl beta/. >
Turnover of radiocholate in the bile acid pool of the dog.

Abstract The turnover of radiocholate in the bile acid pool was estimated in healthy unanesthetized dogs prepared with gastric and duodenal cannulae according to the method of Thomas. The half-life of radiocholate in dogs with intact extrahepatic biliary systems averaged 3.0 days. In cholecystectomized dogs, the half-life of radiocholate was approximately 0.57 days. This difference in radiocholate turnover may have resulted from 1) sequestration of bile salts in gall bladder bile, or 2) from secretory products of the gall bladder mucosa which protected the bile salts from rapid intestinal degradation.
Analysis of the kar3 meiotic arrest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The motor protein Kar3p and its associated protein Cik1p are essential for passage through meiosis I. In the absence of either protein, meiotic cells arrest in prophase I. Experiments were performed to determine whether the arrest was caused by a structural inability to proceed through meiosis, or by a regulatory mechanism. The data demonstrate that the meiotic arrest is not structural; kar3 and cik1 mutants are able to form normal looking bipolar spindles and divide their DNA into two masses in spo11 mutant backgrounds. To identify the regulatory system necessary for the kar3/cik1 meiotic arrest, we tested whether the arrest could be bypassed by eliminating the pachytene checkpoint or the spindle checkpoint. The arrest is not solely dependent upon the pachytene checkpoint that monitors recombination and aspects of chromosome synapsis. Elimination of the spindle checkpoint failed to allow kar3 mutants to undergo meiosis I nuclear division, but phenotypes of the kar3/spindle checkpoint double mutants sugge...
Ascent performance and abort analysis for a Future Space Transportation System

The Future Space Transportation System (FSTS) study was conducted by the NASA Langley Research Center to identify the technology requirements for concepts that will replace the Space Shuttle in the post 2000 time frame. The configuration chosen for the study is a two-stage, fully reusable, vertical liftoff, and horizontal landing system with a 150,000 lb. payload capability. The two stages are burned in parallel with the booster providing all the propellant until staging, which results in a large lateral c.g. movement. Nominally, the booster stages at Mach 3 and glides back to the launch site. Because of the large lateral c.g. travel, a scheme to trim the vehicle until staging occurred was developed that used both gimballing and throttling of the engines. Preliminary booster aerodynamics were determined, and the booster glideback trajectory was analyzed with and without winds. Finally, a preliminary abort analysis was conducted for each stage.
Oxidation-reduction mechanisms in iron-bearing phyllosilicates

Abstract Reviewed in this article are the effects of structural Fe oxidation states on the physicochemical properties of smectite clay minerals. Reducing agents selected were dithionite (S 2 O 4 2− ), sulfide (S 2− ), thiosulfate (S 2 O 3 2− ), hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ), ascorbic acid (C 6 H 8 O 6 ), hydroquinone (C 6 H 6 O 2 ), and sodium oxalate (Na 2 C 2 H 2 O 4 ). Clay samples were prepared as aqueous suspensions of 2 O 4 2− > S 2− > C 6 H 8 O 6 > S 2 O 3 2− > C 6 H 6 O 2 ≈ C 2 H 2 O 4 . The heat of reaction of three of these reducing agents with the clay was measured, and decreased in the order S 2 O 4 2− > S 2 O 3 2− > S 2− . Compared to the order of reductive strength, the heats of reaction with S 2 O 3 2− and S 2− are reversed, suggesting that entropy changes are greater in the S 2− treatment. Electron spin resonance (ESR) revealed that free radicals may be responsible for the greatest levels of reductive potential, which provides an important attribute by which potential reducing agents can be screened. Measurements of rheological properties of oxidized and reduced clay suspensions indicated that structural Fe(II) increases the viscosity of clay suspensions as a result of greater attractive forces between clay particles. The type of bonding between particles has yet to be ascertained. Microbial reduction of the clay produces moderate to high levels of reduction and causes changes in physico-chemical properties similar to chemical reduction of the clay.
A novel approach for tumor sensitivity prediction and combination therapy design for targeted drugs

Drugs that target specific kinases are becoming common in cancer research. Cancer-related kinases are the paradigm of molecularly-targeted therapies, and a cornerstone of Personalized Cancer Therapy. Here, we present an approach to generate abstract circuit representations of cancer pathways from drug tumor sensitivity data of a cell line and utilize them to predict the sensitivities of a new drug given the kinase inhibitors of the drug and to design and measure the effectiveness of drug combination therapies.
Phase-Shift Radio Teletype

A method whereby teletype transmission is accomplished by phase-shift rather than frequency-shift keying a carrier signal is outlined. Reception methods involving coherent or synchronous detectors are presented. Results indicate that the synchronous system offers an ultimate gain of 12.5 db over FSK with 10.5 db advantage realizable in the practical case. The practical synchronous system also shows an advantage of about 2.5 db over the Predicted Wave Radio Teletype System described by Doelz and Heald.
Impact study on the interest rate futures market

Abstract Any announcement from the Federal Reserve has a huge impact on the interest rate markets. The press releases from the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) are major inputs to the market and the random intervention model is applied to interest rate futures transaction data to measure FOMC announcement impact. Missing prices during non-trading time periods are imputed iteratively during the estimation of model parameters. The study shows that the market trading on the announcement day is different from the market trading on a non-announcement for both the Eurodollar and T-Note futures market.
Solution thermodynamics at high temperature. 1. Pr-diglycolate stability constants from 23 to 95°C

Instrumentation has been developed to perform liquid-phase optical absorption spectroscopy at elevated temperature within the restricted enclosure of a high-level radioactivity glovebox. Absorbance measurements of the praseodymium-diglycolate complex allowed the determination of thermodynamic stability constants for two or three metal-ligand complexes at temperatures of 23, 50, 65, 80, and 95°C and an ionic strength of IM (NaClO4). Agreement of these results with prior literature values at 25 and 50°C is very good and demonstrates the validity of the present technique. Over the temperature range of 5 to 95°C, the variation of the free energy of complexation is adequately described by functions linear with temperature for all three complexes. Reaction enthalpies and entropies were calculated from the data via the van't Hoff equation.
Cultured postnatal rat medial septal neurons respond to acute ethanol treatment and nerve growth factor by changing intracellular calcium levels

Ethanol neurotoxicity results in the loss of neurons during the development of the nervous system. Nerve growth factor (NGF) can ameliorate the neurotoxic effects of ethanol (EtOH) in rat medial septal (MS) neurons. These experiments study the effects of EtOH and NGF on neuronal calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis in cultured postnatal day of birth (PO) rat MS neurons. Previously, we observed that EtOH and NGF modulate intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) in unstimulated and high potassium stimulated (30 mM KCI) cultured rat embryonic day 21 (E21) MS neurons (Webb et al., Brain Res 701:61-74, 1995). The purpose of the present study was to explore whether the effects of EtOH and NGF on Ca2+ homeostasis were altered by developmental stage. The hypotheses tested were the following: treatment with EtOH affects Ca2+ homeostasis in postnatal day of birth (PO) rat MS neurons by causing transient and persistent changes in [Ca2+]i; NGF modulates Ca2+ homeostasis in MS neurons by regulating [Ca2+]i; the action of NGF changes the response of MS neurons to EtOH, thus altering Ca2+ homeostasis; and that EtOH and or NGF effects on Ca2+ homeostasis are developmentally regulated. Our results indicated that behaviorally relevant levels of EtOH caused a rapid transient increase in basal [Ca2+]i, whereas there was no effect of NGF on basal [Ca2+]i. Ethanol and NGF interacted, resulting in the lowering of [Ca2+]i. During stimulation with high K+, EtOH inhibited the change in [Ca2+]i. NGF partially ameliorated this effect of higher levels of EtOH, allowing [Ca2+]i to increase. NGF and the lowest level of EtOH potentiated the high K+ stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i. Ethanol and NGF effects on [Ca2+]i were different in the PO neurons compared with our previously published observations in E21 neurons. Therefore, these data suggest that EtOH neurotoxicity and NGF protection involve mechanisms that regulate neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, and the magnitude of these effects depend on developmental stage.
An Emergency Department Approach to Drug Treatment of Hypertensive Urgency and Emergency

Patients who present with hypertensive urgency or emergency require immediate attention to assess the severity of illness. Guidelines from the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Eva...
An Empirical Decomposition of Near-Infrared Emission into Galactic and Extragalactic Components

We decompose the COBE/DIRBE observations of the near-IR sky brightness (minus zodiacal light) into Galactic stellar and interstellar medium (ISM) components and an extragalactic background. This empirical procedure allows us to estimate the 4.9 micron cosmic infrared background (CIB) as a function of the CIB intensity at shorter wavelengths. A weak indication of a rising CIB intensity at wavelengths greater than 3.5$ microns hints at interesting astrophysics in the CIB spectrum, or warns that the foreground zodiacal emission may be incompletely subtracted. Subtraction of only the stellar component from the zodiacal-light-subtracted all--sky map reveals the clearest 3.5 micron ISM emission map, which is found to be tightly correlated with the ISM emission at far-IR wavelengths.
Cell surface receptors for lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus on subpopulation of macrophages

We examined the binding and internalization of unlabeled and 125I-labeled, purified lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) by peritoneal macrophages cultured in vitro. Upon incubation of the cells at 4 degrees C with greater than 100 ID50/cell, the virus was surface-bound on a small subpopulation of macrophages (about 5% of the total cells) as determined by electron microscopy, fluorescent antibody staining, and autoradiography of cells incubated with 125I-labeled LDV. At 37 degrees C, LDV particles were seen in intracellular endocytic vesicles also in about 5% of the cells, and the proportion of cells with virus-containing vesicles correlated with the proportion of cells which became productively infected with LDV as assessed by determining LDV RNA synthesis in individual cells and by fluorescent antibody staining. Pretreatment of the resident peritoneal macrophages with trypsin inhibited the binding of 125I-labeled LDV and the productive infection of the cells with the virus. After removal of the trypsin and incubation in complete medium, permissiveness for LDV reappeared after an 8-12 h lag, whereas Fc and C3 receptors reappeared more rapidly after trypsin treatment. Populations of resident peritoneal macrophages, starch-elicited peritoneal macrophages, splenic macrophages, and bone marrow macrophages contained a similar proportion of cells that could be productively infected with LDV. Little, if any, LDV replication was detected in cultures of lung, liver and peripheral blood macrophages as well as in thioglycollate-elicited and BCG-activated macrophages. We conclude that the permissiveness for LDV of resident peritoneal macrophages correlates with the presence of a trypsin-sensitive receptor present on a subpopulation of these cells. The identity of the receptor has not been definitively established. Treatment of macrophages with neuraminidase or various sugars had no significant effect on LDV replication. Lysis of I-A-positive macrophages with a monoclonal antibody and complement reduced the number of macrophages which could be productively infected by 50%, which suggests that macrophages lacking surface Ia can be productively infected with LDV in vitro.
Anti-inflammatory and pharmacokinetic properties of sudoxicam N-(2-thiazolyl)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide

Abstract Sudoxicam has demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity in several laboratory animal models of inflammation, in the range 0·5–3 times that of indomethacin. The plasma half-life ranged between 8 hr (monkey), 13 hr (rat), 60 hr (dog) and 24–96 hr (man). Sudoxicam, combining the high potency of indomethacin with the extended plasma half-life of phenylbutazone, has been well tolerated by animals and man, and evaluation in human inflammatory diseases is proceeding.
Handling Non-Periodic Disturbances In Repetitive Control Systems With Applications To Robot Manipulators

Abstract Repetitive control is used in programmable mechanisrns to iteratively improve the tracking of periodic control signals. While a repetitive controller can effectively compensate for periodic disturbances, its ability to learn can cause non-periodic disturbances to degrade performance for many cycles while the controller “forgets” about the disturbance. For example, aone-time jolt to a disk drive can cause a repetitive controller to actually introduce a disturbance by attempting to reject the jolt in later cycles. This paper discusses two methods for reducing the effects of such onetime disturbances. The fast is an “adaptive error saturation” element that is used in conjunction with a new frequency-based repetitive controller design to suppress one-time disturbances with little effect on the learning rate. The second method reduces the disturbance sensitivity of the feedback loop with a “disturbance observer” that can be added to an existing linear feedback controller to directly identify and rejec...
Crystal chemistry of lithium in octahedrally coordinated structures. I. Synthesis of Ba8(Me6Li2)O24 (Me = Nb or Ta) and Ba10(W6Li4)O30. II. The tetragonal bronze phase in the system BaONb2O5Li2O

Abstract The preparation, single crystal growth, and crystallographic properties of a close-packed, eight-layer, hexagonal (a = 5.803 A, c = 19.076 A) modification having the stoichiometry Ba8Nb6Li2O24 and of a close-packed, ten-layer, hexagonal (a = 5.760 A, c = 23.742 A) phase with Ba10W6Li4O30 stoichiometry are discussed. The isostructural Ba8Ta6Li4O24 form of the eight-layer phase was also prepared (a = 5.802 A, c = 19.085 A). Proposed crystal structures involve the pairing of lithium and metal (Nb, Ta, or W) octahedra to yield face-sharing units. The relationship of this phenomenon to other known close-packed phases containing Li is demonstrated. An investigation of the Ba8Nb6Li2O24Ba10W6Li4O30 system is reported. A tetragonal bronze phase homogeneity region was delimited at 1200°C in the BaONb2O5Li2O system. A new orthorhombic phase (a = 10.197 A, b = 14.882 A, c = 7.942 A) was prepared with the stoichiometry Ba4Li2Nb10O30.
Multivariate test for forecast rationality under asymmetric loss functions: Recent evidence from MMS survey of inflation–output forecasts

Abstract We propose a multivariate test for forecast rationality under asymmetric loss functions and test jointly the rationality of inflation–output forecasts of the MMS survey for the US. Our results indicate that even though the rationality of the forecasts individually may be rejected under two popular univariate asymmetric loss functions, Linlin and Linex, there is evidence that rationality of the joint forecasts of inflation and output cannot be rejected. We find that allowing for multivariate asymmetric loss functions does improve the evidence for rationality.
Identification of ionic aggregates in PVDF-g-PSSA membrane by tapping mode AFM and HADDF STEM

Previous literature has shown that poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(styrene sulfonated acid) (PVDF-g-PSSA) exhibits a lower methanol permeability than commercial Nafion and so is better suited to use as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). A number of studies have suggested that the microstructures of ionic aggregates explain their lower methanol permeability, but few direct morphological observations have been reported. In this study, the use of a tapping mode atomic force microscope (AFM) and a high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has identified the phase separation of PVDF and sulfonated PS, and ionic sulfonic aggregates, 3–5 nm, in sulfonated PS regions. An experiment to elucidate the microstructural changes in the membrane with and without methanol immersion shows that PVDF-g-PSSA has ionic aggregates with a more stable microstructure than Nafion.
An identity test for iodinated derivatives of tyrosine and thyronine, particularly triiodothyronine and thyroxine.

The Kendall-Osterberg color reaction for thyroxine has been applied to other iodinated phenolic amino acids. It provides a ready means of identifying individual members of two families of compounds.