cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Letter by Goldstein Regarding Article, “Statins and Intracerebral Hemorrhage”

To the Editor: The Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial enrolled subjects with recent (within 1–6 months) transient ischemic attack or stroke, reporting more frequent brain hemorrhages among those randomly assigned to a statin (hazard ratio=1.66; 95% CI, 1.08–2.55).1 Hackam et al2 write that this finding has “led to some uncertainty regarding the balance of benefits and risks of statins, particularly in patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease.” Notwithstanding their exhaustive meta-analysis, the reason for this concern is not clear. The SPARCL trial, the only randomized trial designed to evaluate a statin in a cerebrovascular population, found a treatment-related reduction in all strokes (hazard ratio=0.84; 95% …
The Pathogenesis of Experimental Dysentery Intoxication. Production of the Lesions by Cerebral Circulation of the Toxin.

All analysis of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the visceral lesions produced by Shiga toxin in the dog has indicated that the structural changes are produced by a vascular mechanism which is under control of the sympathetic nervous system. Paralysis of the latter at the myoneural junction or in the ganglia by means of drugs served to prevent the tissue changes as well as the hyperglycemia and hemoconcentration characteristic of the sympathomimetic response. The observations indicated that the toxin acted via a mechanism located in the central nervous system. Further studies of the action of Shiga toxin by means of cerebral cross-circulation are reported here. In these the cerebral blood flow of one dog derived from the circulation of the trunk and limbs of another. Injection of the toxin into the femoral vein of this latter dog resulted in the appearance of visceral lesions, hemoconcentration, and hyperglycemia in the former whose brain only received blood containing the toxin. The resulting visceral changes were identical with those observed in the intact unanesthetized dog which had received the toxin directly. The observations indicate that, in dogs, Shiga toxin produces its characteristic visceral lesions via the central nervous system. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Dynamical Flow Properties of Single Crystals of Sapphire, I

The tensile deformation of sapphire was studied as a function of the temperature and of the strain rate. The ranges of the two variables were approximately 1200° to 1700°C and 10−3 to 10−1in. per in. per minute. The work showed the existence of a relatively sharp temperature transition between completely brittle fracture and massive plastic flow, the specific transition temperature being sensitively related to the strain rate. For the limits of the rate range used, the transition temperature increased from approximately 1270° to 1520°c. In going through a range of only a few degrees of temperature near the transition, it was possible to obtain either no plastic flow on the low-temperature side or a relatively large amount of the order of a 100% extension on the high-temperature side. The stress-strain relation for plastic flow was found to be characterized by a pronounced yield-point drop; i.e., the stress required to initiate macroscopic flow was approximately double that required for subsequent flow. The magnitudes of both the upper and lower yield stresses were temperature sensitive and both decreased approximately exponentially with increasing temperature for a given strain rate. An inverse dependency of a similar kind was found for the effect of strain rate under conditions of isothermal testing. On the other hand, the fracture stress before yielding was found to be essentially independent of both temperature and strain rate, lying in a scatter band of approximately 16,000 to 20,000 psi. As the testing temperature at a given strain rate was lowered, the plastic yield stress therefore rose sharply. The transition temperature between ductile and brittle behavior was interpreted to correspond to the temperature at which the upper yield stress equaled the fracture stress. Since the lower yield stress was only half the upper yield stress, extensive flow then became possible whenever the transition temperature for yielding was exceeded.
The Identification of User Centered Design Factors Required for Products Intended for Extreme Environments

It is imperative that the design requirement specifications of products and systems be based on the user, the environment, and the intended use of the product. Product design requirements become increasingly critical for extreme environments because the lack of proper product design may affect human performance, thus resulting in safety risks. This research discusses the identification of critical factors that can assist in measuring the degree to which a product adheres to user’s design needs. The user centered design methodology is based on physical design, industrial design, cognitive design and user experience design components to ensure that all aspect affecting the user is incorporated in the product design.
Larval Development of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) on a Meridic Diet

A meridic diet (Ceratitis capitata #1) containing corncob as a bulking agent was developed and found comparable to diets currently used for rearing the larvae of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The composition of C. capitata #1 diet (mg/50 g diet) is essential amino acids 636; arginine, 106.8; histidine, 45.6; isoleucine, 56.4; leucine, 108; lysine, 58.8; methionine, 27.6; phenylalanine, 70.8; threonine, 54; tryptophan, 28.8; valine, 79.2; non-essential amino acids 964.8; alanine, 78; aspartic acid, 112.8; cystine, 40.8; glutamic acid, 392.4; glycine, 90; proline, 124.8; serine, 78; tyrosine, 48; ribonucleic acid, 100; vitamins, 5.35; (thiamine [vitamin B1], 1.0; riboflavin [vitamin B2], 1.0; nicotinic acid, 1.0; pantothenic acid, 1.0; pyridoxine [vitamin B6], 1.0; biotin, 0.1; folic acid, 0.25); anti-microbials, 256 (methylparaben), 100; sodium benzoate, 100; p-amino benzoic acid, 1.0; streptomycin, 50; oxytetracycline, HCl 5; cholesterol, 40; inositol, 10; choline chloride, 20; minerals (McCollum and Davis Salt mixture No. 185), 100; citric acid (acidulant), 500; sucrose, 2000; corncob grit (screen size 30/80), 12,000; distilled water, 33,000 and pH 3.5. The omission of all 10 essential amino acids from the meridic diet mixture inhibited development past the first instar. Deletion of eight non-essential amino acids, 10 vitamins, sugar, or ribonucleic acid delayed larval growth. In addition, larvae reared on diet without non-essential amino acids, vitamins, sugar or cholesterol resulted in pupal weight loss. Pupal recovery and adult emergence were affected by the removal of 10 vitamins or cholesterol from the C. capitata #1 diet. Flight ability was decreased in the absence of 10 vitamins. No significant effects were shown in diet lacking salt mixture.
Pax3/7 genes reveal conservation and divergence in the arthropod segmentation hierarchy

Several features of Pax3/7 gene expression are shared among distantly related insects, including pair-rule, segment polarity, and neural patterns. Recent data from arachnids imply that roles in segmentation and neurogenesis are likely to be played by Pax3/7 genes in all arthropods. To further investigate Pax3/7 genes in non-insect arthropods, we isolated two monoclonal antibodies that recognize the products of Pax3/7 genes in a wide range of taxa, allowing us to quickly survey Pax3/7 expression in all four major arthropod groups. Epitope analysis reveals that these antibodies react to a small subset of Paired-class homeodomains, which includes the products of all known Pax3/7 genes. Using these antibodies, we find that Pax3/7 genes in crustaceans are expressed in an early broad and, in one case, dynamic domain followed by segmental stripes, while myriapods and chelicerates exhibit segmental stripes that form early in the posterior-most part of the germ band. This suggests that Pax3/7 genes acquired their role in segmentation deep within, or perhaps prior to, the arthropod lineage. However, we do not detect evidence of pair-rule patterning in either myriapods or chelicerates, suggesting that the early pair-rule expression pattern of Pax3/7 genes in insects may have been acquired within the crustacean-hexapod lineage.
Computation of strongly coupled multifield interaction in particle–fluid systems

The present work develops a flexible and robust solution strategy to resolve coupled systems comprised of large numbers of flowing particles embedded within a fluid. A model problem, consisting of particles which may undergo inelastic collisions in the presence of near-field forces, is considered. The particles are surrounded by a continuous interstitial fluid which is assumed to obey the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. Thermal effects are also considered. Such particle/fluid systems are strongly coupled, due to the mechanical forces and heat transfer induced by the fluid onto the particles and vice-versa. Because the coupling of the various particle and fluid fields can dramatically change over the course of a flow process, a primary focus of this work is the development of a recursive ‘‘staggering’’ solution scheme, whereby the time-steps are adaptively adjusted to control the error associated with the incomplete resolution of the coupled interaction between the various solid particulate and continuum fluid fields. A central feature of the approach is the ability to account for the presence of particles within the fluid in a straightforward manner that can be easily incorporated within any standard computational fluid mechanics code based on finite difference, finite element or finite volume type discretization. A three dimensional example is provided to illustrate the overall approach. � 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Basic Science in the Asian Countries

One of the notable features of our time has been the extent to which nations on the eastern rim of Asia, particularly Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Singapore have adopted the methods of what, for the purpose of this chapter, I shall term western science-based technology for the manufacture of commercial goods which now flood the world in a highly competitive manner. Some of this production is carried out with the close cooperation of Western countries but increasingly a great deal is independent. It is probable that others in the Asian region may soon join them. Actually the Japanese began absorbing Western technology a century ago shortly after it was compelled to open its doors to world trade by the Western nations. However, much of the focus of such use in Japan prior to 1945 was for matters important to achieve military strength.
Genomic analyses with biofilter 2.0: knowledge driven filtering, annotation, and model development

The ever-growing wealth of biological information available through multiple comprehensive database repositories can be leveraged for advanced analysis of data. We have now extensively revised and updated the multi-purpose software tool Biofilter that allows researchers to annotate and/or filter data as well as generate gene-gene interaction models based on existing biological knowledge. Biofilter now has the Library of Knowledge Integration (LOKI), for accessing and integrating existing comprehensive database information, including more flexibility for how ambiguity of gene identifiers are handled. We have also updated the way importance scores for interaction models are generated. In addition, Biofilter 2.0 now works with a range of types and formats of data, including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identifiers, rare variant identifiers, base pair positions, gene symbols, genetic regions, and copy number variant (CNV) location information. Biofilter provides a convenient single interface for accessing multiple publicly available human genetic data sources that have been compiled in the supporting database of LOKI. Information within LOKI includes genomic locations of SNPs and genes, as well as known relationships among genes and proteins such as interaction pairs, pathways and ontological categories. Via Biofilter 2.0 researchers can: • Annotate genomic location or region based data, such as results from association studies, or CNV analyses, with relevant biological knowledge for deeper interpretation • Filter genomic location or region based data on biological criteria, such as filtering a series SNPs to retain only SNPs present in specific genes within specific pathways of interest • Generate Predictive Models for gene-gene, SNP-SNP, or CNV-CNV interactions based on biological information, with priority for models to be tested based on biological relevance, thus narrowing the search space and reducing multiple hypothesis-testing. Biofilter is a software tool that provides a flexible way to use the ever-expanding expert biological knowledge that exists to direct filtering, annotation, and complex predictive model development for elucidating the etiology of complex phenotypic outcomes.
Developing Open Education Literacies with Practicing K-12 Teachers

This study seeks to understand how to use formal learning activities to effectively support the development of open education literacies among K-12 teachers. Considering pre- and post-surveys from K-12 teachers (n = 80) who participated in a three-day institute, this study considers whether participants entered institutes with false confidence or misconceptions related to open education, whether participant knowledge grew as a result of participation, whether takeaways matched expectations, whether time teaching (i.e., teacher veterancy) impacted participant data, and what specific evaluation items influenced participants’ overall evaluations of the institutes. Results indicated that 1) participants entered the institutes with misconceptions or false confidence in several areas (e.g., copyright, fair use), 2) the institute was effective for helping to improve participant knowledge in open education areas, 3) takeaways did not match expectations, 4) time teaching did not influence participant evaluations, expectations, or knowledge, and 5) three specific evaluation items significantly influenced overall evaluations of the institute: learning activities, instructor, and website / online resources. Researchers conclude that this type of approach is valuable for improving K-12 teacher open education literacies, that various misconceptions must be overcome to support large-scale development of open education literacies in K-12, and that open education advocates should recognize that all teachers, irrespective of time teaching, want to innovate, utilize open resources, and share in an open manner.
Difference gel electrophoresis. A single gel method for detecting changes in protein extracts

We describe a modification of two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that requires only a single gel to reproducibly detect differences between two protein samples. This was accomplished by fluorescently tagging the two samples with two different dyes, running them on the same 2-D gel, post-run fluorescence imaging of the gel into two images, and superimposing the images. The amine reactive dyes were designed to insure that proteins common to both samples have the same relative mobility regardless of the dye used to tag them. Thus, this technique, called difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE), circumvents the need to compare several 2-D gels. DIGE is reproducible, sensitive, and can detect an exogenous difference between two Drosophila embryo extracts at nanogram levels. Moreover, an inducible protein from E. coli was detected after 15 min of induction and identified using DIGE preparatively.
Depressive symptoms are associated with dietary intake but not physical activity among overweight and obese women from disadvantaged neighborhoods

Evidence suggests that depressive symptoms are associated with poorer dietary intake and inadequate physical activity; however, this association has not been examined in lower-income overweight and obese African American women. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the associations between depressive symptoms and diet and physical activity in 196 women (87% African American; age, 25-51 years). Higher depressive symptoms were hypothesized to predict poorer diet quality, greater emotional eating, lower physical activity levels, and greater sedentary time. Depressive symptoms were measured using the validated short form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Dietary intake and quality were assessed using three 24-hour dietary recalls. Emotional eating was evaluated using 4 items from the emotional eating subscale of the Eating Behavior Patterns Questionnaire. Physical activity and sedentary time were objectively measured using the ActiGraph accelerometer. Linear regression models tested the associations between depressive symptoms and each dietary and physical activity outcome variable. Symptoms of depression were positively associated with total daily caloric intake from saturated fat and total sugars, as well as emotional eating scores (P < .05). Although not statistically significant, depressive symptoms were positively associated with sweetened beverage consumption (P = .06) and added sugars (P = .07). Depressive symptoms were not associated with total fat, sodium, fruit and vegetables, fast food consumption, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index score, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, or sedentary time. Future studies should explore the mechanisms linking the identified associations between depressive symptoms and dietary intake, such as the role of emotional eating.
Query processing and optimization in Oracle Rdb

This paper contains an overview of the technology used in the query processing and optimization component of Oracle Rdb, a relational database management system originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation and now under development by Oracle Corporation. Oracle Rdb is a production system that supports the most demanding database applications, runs on multiple platforms and in a variety of environments.
Other Morphological and Cytological Variants of Melanoma

Desmoplastic melanomas (DM) and their closely related variants pose one of the most significant challenges to pathologists for correct diagnosis before such lesions reach an advanced and inoperable stage. Why are they so difficult to recognize? It is simply a question of unsuspecting clinicians and pathologists encountering a rare and unfamiliar lesion that, on the one hand, often has a deceptively bland appearance and, on the other, commonly lacks features typical of a conventional melanoma and of a melanocytic lesion itself. The clinical impression is often that of a banal nonmelanocytic lesion, in general more than half of DM and its variants are amelanotic, many lack or have an inconspicuous intraepidermal melanocytic component, and they often appear innocuous histologically, commonly suggesting a benign scarlike fibrous process. Initial diagnoses often rendered include a scar, fibromatosis, dermatofibroma, a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor, or blue nevus. As a result, they often escape detection until they are advanced and multiple recurrences or metastases have developed.
Low-cost and highly reliable optoelectronic devices for 10-Gb/s ethernet applications

With the drastic expansion of internet usage, the demand of 10Gbps transmission optoelectronic devices for local-area-network (LAN) and storage-area-network (SAN) are increasing. The key issues of these applications are to improve cost, manufacturability and reliability of optoelectronic devices in high speed transmission. The authors have demonstrated highly manufacturable and reliable optical front end and trasneiver module for 10Gbps Ethernet applications in this paper. TO-Can package is a way to reduce cost of 10Gbps optical assembly. However, the signal integrity of high speed transmitter optical sub-assembly (TOSA) and receiver optical sub-assembly (ROSA) are limited due to the mismatched characteristic impedance, parasitic inductance and spread capacitance of conventional TO-Can package. In this paper, high performance and high sensitivity of 10Gbps TOSA and ROSA with TO-Can package are discussed and demonstrated to overcome the critical issues mentioned, respectively. In order to improve the signal integrity and manufacturability of 10Gbps OSA in 10Gigabit Ethernet small form factor transceiver module assembly. The authors also integrate high speed flex board and OSA package to extend the signal path, and to minimize the effect of crosstalk in module. The high speed transceiver modules with TO-Can package embedded compliant with XFP multi-source agreement (MSA) are also demonstrated in this paper. The performance of temperature-stabilized transceiver module over awide case temperature range is tested. The optical eye diagram of 10Gbps transmitter developed in this study shows an excellent quality passing the 10Gbps Ethernet mask test between 0 degrees Centigrade and to 70 degrees Centigrade. Finally, the reliability tests regulated by Telcordia GR-468-CORE and MIL-STD-883 are also performed and certified to pave the ways of highly manufacturable and reliable XFP transceiver modules for 10Gbps Ethernet applications.
Properties of Streptococcus mutans grown in a synthetic medium: binding of glucosyltransferase and in vitro adherence, and binding of dextran/glucan and glycoprotein and agglutination.

The influence of culture media on various properties of Streptococcus mutans was investigated. Strains of S. mutans (serotypes c, d, f, and g) were grown in a complex medium (Todd-Hewitt broth [THB]) or a synthetic medium (SYN). The SYN cells, in contrast to THB cells, did not bind extracellular glucosyltransferase and did not produce in vitro adherence. Both types of cells possessed constitutive levels of glucosyltransferase. B13 cells grown in SYN plus invertase-treated glucose possessed the same level of constitutive enzyme as THB cells. In contrast to THB cells, the SYN cells of seven serotype strains did not agglutinate upon the addition of high-molecular-weight dextran/glucan. Significant quantities of lower-molecular-weight (2 × 104 or 7 × 104) dextran and B13 glucan were bound by SYN cells. SYN cells agglutinated weakly in anti-glucan serum (titers, 0 to 16), whereas THB cells possessed titers of 32 to 256. Evidence for the existence of a second binding site in agglutination which does not possess a glucan-like polymer has been obtained. B13 cells grown in invertase-treated THB agglutinated to the same degree as normal THB cells. The nature of this site is unknown. SYN cells possess the type-specific polysaccharide antigen. B13 cells did not bind from THB a glycoprotein which reacts with antisera to the A, B, or T blood group antigens or which allows agglutination upon the addition of dextran. The results demonstrate that S. mutans grown in a chemically defined medium possesse markedly different biochemical and biological activities than cells grown in a complex organic medium.
Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries of the Knee

Although most medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries do not require repair or reconstruction, there are some that do. These include some multiple ligament injuries, entrapment of the ligament in the joint, and some distal injuries. If the ligament is robust, it can be repaired primarily; however, if the ligament is significantly damaged, or in a chronic injury, a reconstruction can be carried out with a free soft tissue graft or with a semitendinosus graft that is left attached distally (modified Bosworth technique). This chapter details all of these options.
Why Don’t BOP Ventures Solve the Environmental Problems They Initially Set Out to Address?:

As Western firms have tried to create new businesses in low-income communities that solve social and environmental problems, they have learned that they need to be socially embedded in order to dev...
Action of Gonadotropic Hormones in Amenorrhea as Evaluated by Vaginal Smears.

SummaryThe desirability of a reclassification of the amenorrheas based, in part, on the vaginal smear picture has been suggested. Definite smear changes indicative of ovarian stimulation and resembling the normal cycle have been induced in amenorrhea by means of gonadotropic hormones. The vaginal smear should afford a simple and sensitive method for evaluating the effects of such hormones in the human subject.
Interactions of triethylenethio-phosphoramide, estrogen and gonadotropin on the ovary of hypophysectomized immature rat.

SummaryIn the hypophysectomized weanling rat triethylenethiophosphoramide (Thio-TEPA) produced quantitative destruction of granulosa cells and ova. Stimulation of the ovary by pituitary gonadotropin was antagonized by Thio-TEPA, resulting in blocking of luteinization and formation of cystic follicles. Diethylstilbestrol partially protected against destructive effects of Thio-TEPA on the ovary allowing luteinization to proceed. Under all circumstances Thio-TEPA caused a quantitative reduction in ovarian weight over a period of 5 days.
Polyovular follicles associated with human in vitro fertilization

Polyovular follicles were found in 61 (24%) of 251 laparoscopies performed for in vitro fertilization. Of 898 follicles that contained at least one oocyte, 76 (8%) were polyovular. When the oocytes from polyovular follicles were assessed by morphologic criteria, it was found that 46 of the follicles contained oocytes that were discordant in maturity. Thus, oocytes can develop at different rates even though they are exposed to the same follicular fluid. It is possible that the microenvironment provided by the cellular investments of oocytes may correlate more precisely with oocyte maturity.
Constructing Cholera: CNN iReport, the Haitian cholera epidemic, and the limits of citizen journalism

Ten months after a catastrophic earthquake struck Haiti, the country was forced to confront what has since become the worst cholera outbreak in modern history. Haiti’s reputation as the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere and cholera’s stigmatization as a disease of the poor contributed to a dominant narrative in Global North news media in which the outbreak was seen not only as tragic but also inevitable. The failings in traditional news media provided a valuable opportunity for citizen journalism to elevate marginalized voices and challenge dominant narratives. Our study examines whether citizen journalism lived up to this potential through a discourse analysis of CNN iReport coverage of the Haitian cholera epidemic. Our findings demonstrate that iReport coverage failed to close the participation gap between the Global North and Global South, reproduced familiar narratives of Americans as heroes and Haitians as victims, became home to rumors and misinformation, and reproduced tropes of Haitians an...
OPTIMAL DESIGNS FOR WEIGHTED POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION USING CANONICAL MOMENTS

This chapter discusses some D -optimal designs. These are the designs that minimize the determinant of the covariance matrix of the least squares estimates of the highest s parameters β r +1 ,…, β m , where r + s = m . These designs are obtained using canonical moments. The D-optimal design and the design for estimating the highest coefficient are the extremal cases where r = –1 and r = m – l respectively. The chapter presents an analog of the equivalence theorem for D -optimal designs using canonical moments.
Cardenio : Shakespeare’s Lost Race Play?

The History of Cardenio, Gary Taylor’s reconstructed/collaborative performance script, offers something new for the early modern canon, a romance whose central focus is a “mulatta” who marries the “white” son of a duke. For early modern race scholars, this text and future performances of it will provide new avenues for scholarship. Finally, we can theorize more fully about how race functions in the romance genre to balance out the tragedy-/Othello-obsessed focus of much of our research; the play, after all, ends with a double marriage instead of a murder-suicide. In addition, The History of Cardenio allows us to discuss the intersectionality of race, class, and gender in a much more comprehensive way, complementing and even challenging the Cleopatra-obsessed focus of much of our work on race and gender in the early modern period.
The learning design components of a global collaborative classroom between lebanon and mason

This poster presentation will display an overview of some of the key components of a Global Collaborative Classroom (GCC), including major learning design features such as the team teaching, course management, and collaborative strategies. Many of the examples of these key components are taken from courses previously awarded by the Office of Global Strategies. GCCs typically require six to eight weeks of highly interactive learning experiences in order to adequately immerse students so that they able to recognize intercultural differences, make local to global connections, and/or analyze complex global challenges. Therefore, the centerpiece of a GCC is often a highly collaborative project that involves intentional global learning outcomes, and a model for scaffolding global collaborative project work is presented. In addition to knowledge-based global outcomes, it is important to consider affective global outcomes that can be attained through multi-cultural learning activities that emphasize experiential, collaborative learning, and intercultural communication. Finally, in terms of assessment, some and information and examples of instruments related to global skills development will be provided. In summary, the poster will be organized to include sections that visually describe the following GCC components: 1. Course planning and technology integration documents 2. GCC learning design, learning strategies, and assignments 3. Global learning outcomes implementation 4. Global skills inventory integration 5. Four-phased, group project learning design
NetKAT — A Formal System for the Verification of Networks

This paper presents a survey of recent work in the development of NetKAT, a formal system for reasoning about packet switching networks, and its role in the emerging area of software-defined networking.
Empiricism, Information Management, and Environmental Humanities

We live in an era of too much information and too little caring. Following up on the work of Numbers and Nerves: Information, Emotion, and Meaning in a World of Data (2015), I will turn my attention in this paper to various “imaginaries” (trans-scalarity, vulnerability, and, in particular, singularity) as a way of suggesting how ecocriticism can overcome intrinsic human insensitivity to information about large, slow, distant phenomena. This paper will emphasize ecocriticism as a field deeply associated with information management and communication
Playing with and Creating Practice Spaces for Equitable Teaching: (Abstract Only)

Equity is a core component of many computer science teacher preparation programs. One promising approach is addressing unconscious bias in teachers related to the race, ethnicity or gender of students. These biases may impact teacher expectations and interactions with students in a variety of classroom scenarios. Early literature on interventions targeting unconscious bias suggests that asking individuals to suppress biases is counterproductive. Our work uses the affordances of interactive online practice spaces to instead focus on specific teaching decisions that may be impacted by unconscious bias. We developed practice spaces and embedded them within CS teacher preparation programs. Our early findings indicate that practice spaces produce rich learning opportunities and analysis yields insight into what biases or beliefs may be interfering with teachers enacting principles of equity like disrupting preparatory privilege. In this workshop, we'll use online practice spaces to examine how we approach different classroom situations related to equity, and practice how we respond. We'll try two different variations on these practice spaces, and create space for participants to try a variety of other iterations on their own. We'll close by inviting folks to share their own stories of important classroom moments that problematized how they approached equitable teaching, and prototype creating practice spaces from those experiences. Participants will leave with links to practice spaces, and related curriculum materials they can use in CS teacher preparation courses, in teacher-led PLC groups, online CS teacher groups, or with local CSTA chapters.
Deriving fuel-based emission factor thresholds to interpret heavy-duty vehicle roadside plume measurements.

Remote sensing devices have been used for decades to measure gaseous emissions from individual vehicles at the roadside. Systems have also been developed that entrain diluted exhaust and can also m...
Political Economy of Foreign Aid, Bilateral

Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked, mountainous nation of 5 million people bordering three other landlocked former Soviet states and the remote Chinese province of Xinjiang. With the fall of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan's production fell significantly, sending the economy back a generation to animal herding and cotton growing. Since the attacks of September 11, 2001, in the United States, however, there has been a new foreign-exchange earner, stemming from Russo-American competition over the use of an airfield – and the very allegiance of Kyrgyzstan itself. In preparation for its campaign in Afghanistan, the United States secured access to air fields in Kyrgyzstan and neighboring Uzbekistan with a mixture of foreign aid and infrastructure upgrading. However, in 2005, the United States was kicked out by the Uzbeks for criticizing a government-led massacre (Walsh, N., 2005. Uzbekistan kicks US out of military base. The Guardian. Aug 1), and the following year, a new Kyrgyz government argued that the base contracts had disproportionately benefited cronies of the old regime. They demanded a 100-fold increase in ‘rent’ from the base, to $200 million (Cooley, A., 2009. How the U.S. lost its Kyrgyzstan air base. The New York Times. Feb 10).
The Social Brain is a Complex Super-Network

The social brain is a complex super-network, but the contributing circuits, systems, and networks are not easily separable from the brain’s interconnected whole and may have multiple overlapping functions in cortical and subcortical regions. The term “social brain” is shorthand for the many specialized but shared cognitive–emotional–social brain systems that mediate social interaction. There is evidence that gonadal steroids, the nonapeptides oxytocin and vasopressin, dopamine, mirror neuron function, and metacognition are crucial for typical social interaction behavior. Many social impairments occur in autism, including impaired face recognition, impaired joint attention with others, impaired recognition of emotion, impaired mirror neuron system function, and impaired theory of mind. Despite claims that a unified brain dysfunction causes autism social impairment, heterogeneity in autism has demonstrated that it is implausible that all or even most individuals with autism share a discrete deficit in a particular social brain circuit.
Determination of CO Adsorption Sites on Gold Clusters Aun - (n = 21-25): A Size Region That Bridges the Pyramidal and Core-Shell Structures

We perform a joint photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study to investigate CO adsorption sites on midsized gold clusters, Aun– (n = 21–25), a special size region that bridges the highly symmetric pyramidal cluster Au20– (Li et al. Science 2003, 299, 864) and the prevailing core–shell clusters starting from Au26– (Schaefer et al. ACS Nano 2014, 8, 7413). Particular attention is placed on whether the CO binding can significantly change structures of the host clusters in view of the fact that the size-dependent structural change already occurs for bare gold clusters in this size range. A transition from hollow-tubular to fused-planar structures is identified for the AunCO– clusters even though the CO molecule mostly binds to an apex gold atom. The computed CO adsorption energy and HOMO–LUMO gap of the gold clusters suggest that among the five gold clusters the Au23– cluster exhibits the strongest CO binding and thereby could be a good catalytic model system.
Shadowing effects in simulated Alcator C-Mod gas puff imaging data

Abstract A synthetic gas puff imaging (GPI) diagnostic is applied to a gyrokinetic turbulence simulation of Alcator C-Mod with the objective of assessing the impact of turbulent plasma fluctuations on the GPI neutral density field. We find that these effects are significant for much of the run, resulting in qualitatively different light emission patterns relative to the idealized limit of a fixed neutral profile. Spatial and temporal variations in the local neutral density within the GPI gas cloud are shown to be comparable in magnitude to those in the plasma, which would affect the interpretation of plasma fluctuations made using GPI. Assessing the experimental implications of these results will require additional study using validated turbulence simulations. Our findings are compatible with previous theoretical investigations concluding that GPI may unreliably diagnose plasma turbulence more than one neutral mean free path away from the gas source. Although we used a comprehensive, time dependent simulation to arrive at these results, our analysis shows that a frozen-plasma treatment of the neutrals is adequate in this case. That is, we can assume that the neutral transport is too fast to be affected by temporal fluctuations in the turbulent plasma structures.
A User-Centric Approach to Wayfinding Signage

Column description. The Marketing column features essays about a variety of creative and innovative marketing strategies used to highlight collections or promote services in all types of libraries....
Rhodium Complexes of Carbaporphyrins, Carbachlorins, adj-Dicarbaporphyrins, and an adj-Dicarbachlorin.

The macrocyclic cavities in carbaporphyrins are well suited for the formation of metalated derivatives. A carbaporphyrin diester and a naphthocarbaporphyrin reacted with [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 to give good-t...
Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over superconducting La2$minus;xSrxCuO4$minus;$delta; systems between 373?523 K

Abstract The catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide on superconducting La 2− x Sr x CuO 4 − δ systems has been studied in the temperature range 373 to 573 K. These solid oxide solutions are found to show high catalytic activity for oxidation (carbon monoxide oxidation) which is comparable to that of a highly dispersed 0.5% Pt/alumina fume abatement catalyst. The kinetics of CO oxidation on these solid oxide solutions conforms to the same Langmuir-Hinshelwood model as that of the Pt/alumina catalyst. The catalytic activity which was studied as a function of Sr concentration ( x ) in these solid oxide solutions shows a “volcano” behavior with a maximum activity at x = 0.4. The variation of catalytic activity is compared and found to be concomitant with that of the variation of the electrical conductivity, lattice parameter, and oxygen vacancy concentration on the K 2 NiF 4 -type La 2− x Sr x CuO 4 − δ lattice and the thermodynamic activity of SrO.
Classical monocytes from older adults maintain capacity for metabolic compensation during glucose deprivation and lipopolysaccharide stimulation

Inflammaging is the chronic low-grade inflammation that occurs with age that contributes to the pathology of age-related diseases. Monocytes are innate immune cells that become dysregulated with age and which can contribute to inflammaging. Metabolism plays a key role in determining immune cell functions, with anti-inflammatory cells primarily relying on fatty acid oxidation and pro-inflammatory cells primarily relying on glycolysis. It was recently shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes can compensate for a lack of glucose by utilizing fatty acid oxidation. Given that mitochondrial function decreases with age, we hypothesized that classical monocytes taken from aged individuals would have an impaired ability to upregulate oxidative metabolism along with impaired effector functions. Aging did not impair LPS-induced oxygen consumption rate during glucose deprivation as measured on a Seahorse XFp system. Additionally, aged classical monocytes maintained inflammatory gene expression responses and phagocytic capacity during LPS stimulation in the absence of glucose. In conclusion, aged classical monocytes maintain effector and metabolic functions during glucose deprivation, at least in an ex vivo context.
Koopman Operator Method for Chance-Constrained Motion Primitive Planning

The use of motion primitives to plan trajectories has received significant attention in the robotics literature. This work considers the application of motion primitives to path planning and obstacle avoidance problems in which the system is subject to significant parametric and/or initial condition uncertainty. In problems involving parametric uncertainty, optimal path planning is achieved by minimizing the expected value of a cost function subject to probabilistic (chance) constraints on vehicle-obstacle collisions. The Koopman operator provides an efficient means to compute expected values for systems under parametric uncertainty. In the context of motion planning, these include both the expected cost function and chance constraints. This work describes a maneuver-based planning method that leverages the Koopman operator to minimize an expected cost while satisfying user-imposed risk tolerances. The developed method is illustrated in two separate examples using a Dubins car model subject to parametric uncertainty in its dynamics or environment. Prediction of constraint violation probability is compared with a Monte Carlo method to demonstrate the advantages of the Koopman-based calculation.
Diminished Cone Sensitivity in cpfl3 Mice Is Caused by Defective Transducin Signaling

Purpose Cone photoreceptor function loss 3 (Gnat2cpfl3/cpfl3 or cpfl3) is a mouse model commonly used as a functional cones null from a naturally occurring mutation in the α-subunit of cone transducin (Gnat2). We nevertheless detected robust cone-mediated light responses from cpfl3 animals, which we now explore. Methods Recordings were made from whole retina and from identified cones with whole-cell patch clamp in retinal slices. Relative levels of GNAT2 protein and numbers of cones in isolated retinas were compared between cpfl3, rod transducin knockout (Gnat1-/-), cpfl3/Gnat1-/- double mutants, and control C57Bl/6J age-matched mice at 4, 9, and 14 weeks of age. Results Cones from cpfl3 and cpfl3/Gnat1-/- mice 2 to 3 months of age displayed normal dark currents but greatly reduced sensitivity and amplification constants. Responses decayed more slowly than in control (C57Bl/6J) mice, indicating an altered mechanism of inactivation. At dim light intensities rod responses could be recorded from cpfl3 cones, indicating intact rod/cone gap junctions. The cpfl3 and cpfl3/Gnat1-/- mice express two-fold less GNAT2 protein compared with C57 at 4 weeks, and a four-fold decrease by 14 weeks. This is accompanied by a small decrease in the number of cones. Conclusions Cplf3 cones can respond to light with currents of normal amplitude and cannot be assumed to be a Gnat2 null. The decreased sensitivity and amplification rate of cones is not explained by a reduction in GNAT2 protein level, but instead by abnormal interactions of the mutant transducin with rhodopsin and the effector molecule, cGMP phosphodiesterase.
Suppression of H_2 Cooling in the Ultraviolet Background

The first luminous objects in the concordance cosmology form by molecular hydrogen cooling in dark matter dominated halos of masses ~10^6 M_sun. We use Eulerian adaptive mesh refinement simulations to demonstrate that in the presence of a large soft ultraviolet radiation background, molecular hydrogen is the dominant coolant. Even for very large radiation backgrounds, the halo masses that cool and collapse are up to two orders of magnitude smaller than the halos that cool via atomic hydrogen line cooling. The abundance of cooling halos and the cosmic mass fraction contained within them depends exponentially on this critical mass scale. Consequently, the majority of current models of cosmological reionization, chemical evolution, supermassive black hole formation, and galaxy formation underestimate the number of star forming progenitors of a given system by orders of magnitude. At the highest redshifts, this disagreement is largest. We also show that even in the absence of residual electrons, collisional ionization in central shocks create a sufficient amount of electrons to form molecular hydrogen and cool the gas in halos of virial temperatures far below the atomic cooling limit.
Albumin-Corrected Calcium and the Prevalence and Categories of Hypercalcemia in Hospitalized Patients With 1-Year Follow-Up of Undiagnosed Cases

Abstract Objective To assess the impact of using corrected calcium versus total calcium on hypercalcemia case detection in hospitalized patients. Methods Patients hospitalized from June 2012 to June 2017 with a corrected calcium level of ≥10.5 mg/dL were identified by medical record review. One-year follow-up data through June 2018 were acquired. Albumin-corrected calcium level was calculated: (4 − albumin concentration in g/dL) × 0.8 + total serum calcium in mg/dL. Results A group of 1067 patients had a corrected calcium level of ≥10.5 mg/dL. The prevalence of hypercalcemia was 0.73% with total calcium and 1.09% with corrected calcium, respectively, with a 49% relative increase. Most patients (62%) had mild hypercalcemia (10.5-11.9 mg/dL); 3.7% had severe hypercalcemia (>14 mg/dL). With corrected calcium, the most common categories of hypercalcemia were malignancy (35.4%), hypercalcemia that was not further evaluated (31.1%), and hyperparathyroidism (22.4%). All patients in the unidentified category had albumin levels Conclusion Using albumin-corrected calcium resulted in an ∼50% increase in the detection of hypercalcemia cases. Although hypercalcemia resolved in majority of the undiagnosed cases at 1 year, a number of these remained abnormal. Detecting hypercalcemic disorders by correcting for low albumin level can help identify conditions such as hyperparathyroidism. Adding auto-calculated albumin-corrected calcium to routine laboratory tests could be a cost-effective intervention to improve the detection of hypercalcemic disorders.
What does Wall Street tell us about Main Street

We use detailed establishment-level data to understand whether and how the composition of the US stock market differs from the composition of US firms as a whole. Although the locational composition of employment in public firms is similar to that of all US firms, we find certain industries significantly overrepresented. Further, the gap between the industrial composition of publicly-traded and all firms has grown over the last thirty years, and public firms display markedly different growth dynamics than private firms. Despite this, we show that stock returns within industries and geographies predict employment changes in those industries and geographies.
Classification of Mobile Healthcare App Research

This paper examines the state of the research in the field of Mobile Healthcare. Seven papers retrieved from ACM Digital Library and IEEE Xplore were classified into mainly four categories which are Direct patient care, Staff efficiency, Communication, and Data processing. Here, Communication includes two sub categories which are communication of collected health data and communication of information that means communication between healthcare provider and the patient. Based on this literature review, we conclude this a very fast changing field. It requires wide range of knowledge about data science, medical, and computer science. A successful implementation of mobile health care system can improve overall experience of healthcare system for both patients and healthcare providers. Moreover, there is a need for additional complex research in the areas like machine learning, data management, and cloud computing.