cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dissolution behavior of fluoroalcohol-substituted polystyrenes

(alpha) -Fluoroalcohols have been proposed as transparent, base-soluble functional groups for use in the design of new 157 nm photoresist polymers. The two most common and easily prepared fluoroisopropanol groups are bis-trifluoromethyl carbinols (hexafluoroalcohol) and methyl-trifluoromethyl carbinols (trifluoroalcohol). This paper describes studies designed to assess the suitability of both of these functionalities as acidic groups. Dissolution rate studies were carried out on polystyrene films that incorporate these groups. The dissolution rates of the sample polymers were compared to that of poly(hydroxystyrene) (PHOST) to provide a reference for the measurements. It was found that the trifluoroalcohol polymers do not exhibit any solubility in basic media, while the hexafluoroalcohol polymers dissolve rapidly relative to PHOST in 0.13N TMAH. Further, it was found that the two fluoroalcohol polymers can be blended to adjust the inherent dissolution rate of the resin and that the hexafluoroalcohol polymer is sensitive to incorporation of classical dissolution inhibitors. The study concludes that hexafluoroalcohol is a promising candidate for incorporation into the design of 157 nm photoresists.
Cysteine-rich domain isoforms of the neuregulin-1 gene are required for maintenance of peripheral synapses.

Abstract Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) signaling has been implicated in inductive interactions between pre- and postsynaptic partners during synaptogenesis. We used gene targeting to selectively disrupt cysteine-rich domain– (CRD-) containing NRG-1 isoforms. In CRD-NRG-1 −/− mice, peripheral projections defasciculated and displayed aberrant branching patterns within their targets. Motor nerve terminals were transiently associated with broad bands of postsynaptic ACh receptor (AChR) clusters. Initially, Schwann cell precursors accompanied peripheral projections, but later, Schwann cells were absent from axons in the periphery. Following initial stages of synapse formation, sensory and motor nerves withdrew and degenerated. Our data demonstrate the essential role of CRD-NRG-1-mediated signaling for coordinating nerve, target, and Schwann cell interactions in the normal maintenance of peripheral synapses, and ultimately in the survival of CRD-NRG-1-expressing neurons.
An 8π Electron Electrocyclization Leading to a 9,19-Methano-Bridged Analogue of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3

Lindlar semihydrogenation of a vitamin D type trienyne leads spontaneously to 9α,19-methano-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The intermediate tetraene resulting from the reduction undergoes a rapid, stereoselective 8π electron electrocyclization affording a novel steroid containing a linearly fused ABC (six-eight-six) 1,3,5-cyclooctatriene carbon framework.
Phenytoin toxicity secondary to an oxcarbazepine-phenytoin 2C19 interaction.

Background Polytherapy is common in the management of bipolar disorder, as are the side effects associated with this treatment strategy. Objective The authors review the literature on drug– drug interactions involving oxcarbazepine and identify specific mechanisms that may have clinical importance. Method The authors provide a case report of a patient who developed phenytoin toxicity associated with an oxcarbazepine–phenytoin interaction. Results Co-administration of phenytoin and oxcarbazepine resulted in toxic levels of phenytoin. Therefore, the patient's daily dosage of oxcarbazepine and phenytoin were reduced. Discussion Although oxcarbazepine is an inducer of the 3A4 isoenzyme, it acts as an inhibitor of the 2C19 isoenzyme, and it can raise levels of other agents, for example, phenytoin, that are also metabolized by this isoenzyme.
Metabolic transformations of acquired lucibufagins by firefly “femmes fatales”

Female Photuris fireflies sequester defensive steroidal pyrones (lucibufagins) from male fireflies of the genus Photinus. Lucibufagin analyses of Photuris females and Photinus ignitus males show that the lucibufagin mixtures of predator and prey differ in their composition. Analyses of whole body extracts showed that P. ignitus males contain a mixture of eight non-glycosylated lucibufagins, composed mostly of compounds with two oxygenated positions in the steroidal A-ring (C-3, C-5). After feeding on P. ignitus males, Photuris females contain six major lucibufagins. Three of these compounds are not present in the prey, including the novel lucibufagin glycoside 5β,11α-dihydroxy-12-oxo-3β-O-β-D-xylopyranosylbufalin, and two other lucibufagins with a trioxygenated A-ring (C-2, C-3, C-5). These results indicate that Photuris females transform the sequestered lucibufagins both by glycosylation and oxidation, which could affect the systemic transportability of these compounds due to an increase in their polarity.
Vocabulary and Health Care Information Technology: State of the Art

Controlled medical vocabularies are at the heart of almost all health care computing applications. This article reviews the vocabularies available today and some of the reasons why they have failed to meet the needs of application developers. Also described is some of the current work being done to address shortcomings in previous vocabulary content and structure. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Direction sensitivity of the filiform hair population of the cricket cereal system

Each cercus on the adult cricket Acheta domesticus bears 1000–2000 filiform hair mechanoreceptors. In order to determine the extent of “identifiability” of individual hair receptors, the structural characteristics of ten putative identified hairs were measured in 21–25 different animals. For these ten hairs, the sets of preferred directions and circumferential locations had standard deviations of 6.8° and 5.9°, respectively. There was no significant inter-animal covariance between a hair's preferred direction and its circumferential location. The preferred directions of 246 different identified hairs were then measured from 16 animals in order to characterize the distribution of preferred directions of hairs on a single typical cercus. These data were transformed from the frame of reference of the cercus into that of the cricket, generating an estimate of the representation of air-current stimulus direction provided by the entire ensemble of filiform hairs on both cerci. The distribution of hair directional sensitivities was continuous but extremely non-uniform, and more complex than previous studies had suggested.
A compact resistorless 1.5-V CMOS current reference with 16.5-ppm/°C temperature coefficient

In this paper a novel temperature compensated current reference with modified PMOS cascode architecture is presented. Using PMOS transistors and substituting the typical current source resistor with a diode connected NMOS transistor, better temperature compensation is achieved avoiding the use of large valued resistors. This architecture, designed in the IBM 0.18 µm CMOS 7RF SOI technology, achieves a 16.5 ppm/°C temperature coefficient over range of 20 °C to 130 °C together with reduced power consumption, 38.7 µW at 1.5 V, and silicon area, 130µm2.
Potato wart disease in Newfoundland: a review of current research studies1

Research includes studies on germination of resting spores, substances affecting infection, eradication, bioassay for Synchytrium endobioticum, and sub-surface vectoring of the fungus. The sequence of events in germination has been exposed and the mechanisms of germination are currently being studied. Chitin and in particular crabshell induce zero infection, and there is promise in using these materials as eradicants. Using the bioassay so far developed, it is possible to assay for 0.1 spore per g of soil. There is evidence that the fungus can migrate in soil through the agency of vector animals. Problems long posed by this disease now seem soluble.
Random sequencing of an induced Taxus cell cDNA library for identification of clones involved in Taxol biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of the anticancer drug Taxol involves 19 enzymatic steps from the universal diterpenoid progenitor geranylgeranyl diphosphate derived by the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate pathway for isoprenoid precursor supply. To gain further insight about Taxol biosynthesis relevant to the improved production of this drug and to draw inferences about the organization, regulation, and origins of this complex natural product pathway, random sequencing of a cDNA library derived from Taxus cuspidata cells (induced for taxoid biosynthesis with methyl jasmonate) was undertaken. This effort revealed surprisingly high abundances for transcripts of several of the 12 defined genes of Taxol biosynthesis, yielded cDNAs encoding two previously uncharacterized cytochrome P450 taxoid hydroxylases, and provided candidate genes for all but one of the remaining seven steps of this extended sequence of reactions.
A Multi-relational Decision Tree Learning Algorithm – Implementation and Experiments

We describe an efficient implementation (MRDTL-2) of the Multi-relational decision tree learning (MRDTL) algorithm [23] which in turn was based on a proposal by Knobbe et al. [19]. We describe some simple techniques for speeding up the calculation of sufficient statistics for decision trees and related hypothesis classes from multi-relational data. Because missing values are fairly common in many real-world applications of data mining, our implementation also includes some simple techniques for dealing with missing values. We describe results of experiments with several real-world data sets from the KDD Cup 2001 data mining competition and PKDD 2001 discovery challenge. Results of our experiments indicate that MRDTL is competitive with the state-of-the-art algorithms for learning classifiers from relational databases.
Asymptotic minimax theorems for the sample distribution function

Fix a family C of continuous distributions on the line. Sufficient and (different) necessary conditions on C are given in order that the sample distribution function be an optimal estimator in the asymptotic minimax sense. The abstract results are illustrated by a variety of concrete families C that have arisen in the literature; some of these illustrations settle known, but previously unsolved, problems. Methods involve systematic consideration of statistical experiments whose parameter lies in a Hilbert space, and the theory of abstract Wiener spaces.
Rescue percutaneous coronary intervention after failed fibrinolytic therapy: have expectations been met?

Background Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction has revolutionized modern cardiovascular care. Methods and Results Two strategies have been tested widely: fibrinolytic therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Fibrinolytic therapy has the advantage that it can be given in many medical care institutions that do not have immediate access to catheterization laboratories. Unfortunately, in a substantial number of patients, fibrinolytic therapy may not achieve optimal results, and a strategy of rescue or salvage PCI may be undertaken. There is a relative paucity of evidence-based outcomes on which to judge the merits of rescue PCI, although the volume is increasing. Conclusions At present, several recommendations can be offered: (1) implementation of a policy of rescue PCI requires clear guidelines of patient selection, training of personnel, logistics of patient movement, and outcomes assessment; and (2) there needs to be heightened awareness with a high index of suspicion about the potential failure of fibrinolytic therapy.
Constructing a Program Development Proposal for Community-Based Practice: A Valuable Learning Experience for Occupational Therapy Students

SUMMARYSkills required to develop and fund programs can advance an occupational therapist professionally, and innovative occupation-based programs are necessary for the future of occupational therapy. This paper describes a community-based learning experience embedded within the occupational therapy curriculum of the Medical College of Ohio. While developing the Program Development Proposal, each student practices needs assessment; marketing; goals- and objectives-setting; occupation-based programming; budgeting; staffing; program evaluation; and grantsmanship. Outcome surveys of graduates indicate that the experience was positive and provided graduates with a solid foundation for program development. The experience also enhanced partnerships with community-based sites.
Sternoclavicular Joint Infection: A Comparison of Two Surgical Approaches

Background This study compares conventional open debridement with the recently proposed flap closure technique for sternoclavicular joint infection. Methods This is a retrospective review of patients undergoing surgery for sternoclavicular joint infection during the last 7 years. Results Twenty patients underwent 35 operations for sternoclavicular joint infection from 2002 to 2009. The debridement and open wound procedure (10 of 20 patients, 50%) involved debridement of the clavicle, manubrium, and first rib and open wound care. The joint resection and flap closure procedure (10 of 20 patients, 50%) involved partial resection of the clavicle, manubrium, and first rib, with immediate (9 of 10) or early (1 of 10) wound closure with pectoralis major advancement flap. The two groups were comparable in comorbidities, duration of symptoms, radiologic findings, and microbiologic results. Despite an approach of planned reoperation for wound care, the open group had fewer mean procedures performed per patient (1.6 ± 0.7 versus 1.9 ± 1.6), owing to fewer unplanned procedures (0 versus 0.8 procedures/patient) than the flap group. The incidence of wound complications (hematoma, seroma) was lower in open patients (0 of 10 versus 5 of 10). The median length of hospitalization was shorter in the open group (5.5 versus 10.5 days), but all open patients (10 of 10; 100%) required prolonged wound care compared with 2 of 10 (20%) in the flap group. The only hospital mortality occurred in the flap group. Eventual wound healing was satisfactory in all survivors. Conclusions For sternoclavicular joint infection, a single-stage resection and muscle advancement flap leads to a higher incidence of complications. Debridement with open wound care provides satisfactory outcomes with minimal perioperative complications but requires prolonged wound care.
ESCORT: a decentralized and localized access control system for mobile wireless access to secured domains

In this work we design and implement ESCORT, a backward compatible, efficient, and secure access control system, to facilitate mobile wireless access to secured wireless LANs. In mobile environments, a mobile guest may frequently roam into foreign domains while demanding critical network services. ESCORT provides instant yet secure access to the mobile guest based on the concept of "escort", which refers to a special network object with four distinct properties: (1) The escort is already a trusted permanent or semi-permanent component of the secured wireless LAN; (2) The mobile guest and the escort have established transient but mutual trust; (3) Communication between the escort and its guests is localized. The escort forwards data packets between the mobile guest and the LAN; (4) The implementation of escort can be mobile and tamper-resistant, thus it can roam with the mobile guest without being compromised. Existing network concepts (e.g., router, gateway) and security concepts (e.g., existing access control models and authorities) do not possess at least one of the four essential properties.As a permanent component of wireless LAN, the communication channel between the escort and the LAN can be secured by effective countermeasures like 802.11i TKIP and AES-CCMP. Therefore, ESCORT addresses the challenge of providing efficient mobile privacy support between the escort and its mobile guests. Three aspects of mobile privacy, namely content privacy, identity privacy, and location privacy are covered in ESCORT design to maximize the protection offered to ESCORT's mobile guests. We use actual implementation to demonstrate that ESCORT design is feasible and efficient.
Pharmacokinetics and disposition of a localized lymphatic polymeric hyaluronan conjugate of cisplatin in rodents

Cisplatin (CDDP) is an effective anticancer agent for many solid tumors but has significant systemic toxicity limiting its use in many patients. We have designed a loco-regional delivery system to increase platinum levels in the lymphatics, where early metastasis is most likely to occur, while reducing systemic toxicities. CDDP was conjugated to a biocompatible polymer hyaluronan (HA), with a conjugation degree of approximately 20% (w/w). Conjugates were delivered via subcutaneous injection into the mammary fat pad of rats. Intravenous hyaluronan-cisplatin (HA-Pt) exhibited an increased plasma area under the curve (AUC) 2.7-fold compared to conventional CDDP but with a reduced peak plasma level (C(max)), and HA-Pt increased the ipsilateral lymph node AUC by 3.8-fold compared to CDDP. Urine creatinine was unchanged over 30 days following dosing of HA-Pt. This study demonstrates that intralymphatic drug delivery with polymer-conjugated platinum may provide greater tissue and systemic plasma concentrations of platinum than intravenous CDDP. In addition, localized particle delivery augmented distribution in the loco-regional tissue basin where tumor burden predominates, while renal toxicity compared to standard intravenous CDDP was significantly reduced.
Treatment Adherence in Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Collective Impact of Barriers to Adherence and Anxiety/Depressive Symptoms

Objective Knowledge of factors impacting adolescents’ ability to adhere to their inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) regimen is limited. The current study examines the collective impact of barriers to adherence and anxiety/depressive symptoms on adolescent adherence to the IBD regimen. Methods Adolescents (n ¼ 79) completed measures of barriers to adherence, adherence, and anxiety/depressive symptoms at one of two specialty pediatric IBD clinics. Results Most adolescents reported barriers to adherence and 1 in 8 reported borderline or clinically elevated levels of anxiety/depressive symptoms. Anxiety/depressive symptoms moderated the relationship between barriers to adherence and adherence. Post hoc probing revealed a significant, additive effect of higher anxiety/depressive symptoms in the barriers–adherence relationship, with adherence significantly lower among adolescents with higher barriers and higher anxiety/depressive symptoms. Conclusions In order to optimize adherence in adolescents, interventions should target not only barriers to adherence but also any anxiety/depressive symptoms that may negatively impact efforts to adhere to recommended treatment.
Follicular psoriasis: an under‐reported entity. A report of five cases

Follicular psoriasis is not rare in dermatological practice, although only a few cases have been reported. We describe five patients with follicular psoriasis, one man and four women. The patients ranged in age from 23 to 73 years. Lesions consisted of erythematous scaly follicular papules located on the trunk and extremities. Two patients had associated plaque-type psoriasis of the scalp. None had nail involvement at the time of diagnosis. Histological examination of several biopsy specimens revealed the changes of psoriasis in the follicular epithelium.
Self-Reconfiguration in Self-Healing Systems

This paper describes an approach to self-reconfiguration, which is part of a self-healing mechanism against anomalous objects, of a system prior to repairing anomalies of objects. The approach assumes that the software architecture of a system is structured into components and connectors between the components. A component is self-reconfigured differently in accordance with the object types, such as tasks (concurrent or active objects), connectors between tasks, and passive objects accessed by tasks in the component, while a connector between the components is self-reconfigured in response to the different object types constituting a connector. An asynchronous message queue connector between components is used to illustrate self-reconfiguration of a connector between components. The elevator system with multiple elevators is considered to apply the approach to self-reconfiguration
Design and high power processing of RFQ input power couplers

A RF power coupling system has been developed for future upgrade of input coupling of the RFQ in the SNS linac. The design employs two coaxial loop couplers for 402.5 MHz operation. Each loop is fed through a coaxial ceramic window that is connected to an output of a magic-T waveguide hybrid through a coaxial to waveguide transition. The coaxial loop couplers are designed, manufactured, and high power processed. Two couplers will be used in parallel to power the accelerating structure with up to total 800 kW peak power at 6% duty cycle. RF and mechanical properties of the couplers are discussed. Result of high power RF conditioning that is performed in the RF test facility of the SNS is presented.
Constructing tight fusion frames

Abstract Tight fusion frames are an emerging concept of frame theory with applications in distributed processing and communications. However, very little has been determined about the existence of such frames. We completely resolve the question of existence in the special case where the underlying space is finite-dimensional and the fusion frame's subspaces have equal dimension. That is, we precisely determine the conditions under which there exists a set of equal-rank orthogonal projection matrices whose sum is a scalar multiple of the identity matrix. The characterizing set of requirements is very mild, and as such, these frames often exist. Our methods are completely constructive, relying on a new, flexible and elementary method for constructing unit norm tight frames.
Comparison of a nearest neighbor and other approaches to the detection of space-time clustering

A new method based on nearest neighbor (NN) distances is proposed for testing whether space-time clustering exists in a series of occurrences of an event. Unlike the methods of Knox and Mantel, the NN procedure does not require specifying arbitrary constants for the calculations of the test statistic. Based on the results of a simulation experiment, the NN test procedure is recommended because of its control of the significance level and its power. If appropriate constants can be found for the other two methods, they would also do relatively well. The three methods are applied to a real data example from a public education program.
the role of an audio-visual attentional stimulus in influencing affective responses during graded cycling exercise

The purpose of this study was to: (a) identify a range of exercise intensity in which an attentional focus strategy is and is no longer effective as a cognitive manipulation and (b) investigate the effect of an attentional dissociative and attentional associative cognitive strategy on affective responses during graded cycle ergometer exercise. Thirty-four participants (17 men, 17 women), who met the criteria for involvement, underwent an initial familiarization trial and three subsequent experimental trials on separate days, approximately one week apart. During the familiarization trial, participants were given an explanation of the procedures of the study, completed required paperwork, and were familiarized with the laboratory environment, equipment, and psychometric measures. The experimental trials were counterbalanced, involved the same graded cycling exercise to volitional exhaustion protocol, and only differed in the attentional manipulation employed. An attentional association condition consisted of auditory amplification of participants’ breathing, through headphones, and graphically displaying heart rate data on a 42-inch monitor placed at eye level approximately 2 m in front of the cycle ergometer. An attentional dissociation condition consisted of participants watching and listening to a self-selected music digital video disc (DVD) through headphones and on the 42-inch monitor. In the sensory deprivation condition, participants wore both earplugs and sound-attenuating headphones and the 42-inch monitor remained blank. Affective valence, the main dependent variable, was measured using the Feeling Scale (FS; Hardy & Rejeski, 1989). The manipulation checks of perceived exertion and attentional focus were measured using the Rating of Perceived Exertion scale (RPE; Borg, 1998) and an attentional focus scale (AFS; Baden et al., 2004), respectively. Affective, exertional, and attentional focus responses were sampled at appropriate time points pre-, during, and post-exercise. The results of the study indicated similar physiological strain across experimental conditions as evident by non-significant differences in heart rate, oxygen consumption, and power output values. Moreover, the attentional focus manipulation vii
A High Data Rate Underwater Acoustic Telemetry System

A high data rate acoustic telemetry system capable of transmitting, on command, large quantities of stored data from ocean floor instrumentation to a surface receiving station in a relatively short period of time has been developed and successfully demonstrated. The system is capable of transmitting data at 2400 bits per second through 200 meters of water. Since initiation of development in 1977, the acoustic telemetry system has been successfully tested in a number of sea locations. The system is currently being used to recover data from a seafloor seismic package installed in the Santa Barbara Channel. This paper describes the system in detail, gives testing results, and explains its use in gathering seismic data. Possible future changes to allow the system to operate in water depths of over a kilometer are also presented.
Molecular and genetic considerations for long-term nutrition interventions

The potential for new functional foods and substantial modification of traditional foods presents unprecedented opportunities and new challenges to the public health community. The technical advances that enable these possibilities presumably present an efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable means of improving human health and preventing nutrition-related diseases. Directed manipulation of the food supply, however, presents risks that also must be considered and monitored carefully to avoid known adverse consequences associated with elevated nutrient intakes. Additionally, more research is necessary to understand the subtle effects and long-term consequences that result from elevated individual nutrient intakes on human health and disease risk through changes in gene expression and genome stability. Growing awareness that genetic variation influences both nutrient requirements and upper levels of safe intake require that the risks and benefits associated with manipulation of the food supply be considered at the individual and population levels. In the present report current approaches and limitations to the precise manipulation of the food supply are considered in light of recent efforts to prevent neural tube defects by increasing the population's dietary folic acid intake.
Mathematical Models of Location: A Review

Recent models of location are drawn together and compared as to structure, criteria, and constraints. Private sector models are distinguished as those in which the total cost of transport and facilities is isolated as the objective to be minimized. The solution techniques of six such models are presented. Public sector models are characterized by a criterion function involving a surrogate for social utility and by a constraint on investment in facilities or on the number of facilities. Five models with this format are described and compared. The two types of program, location in the private sector and location in the public sector, are seen to have the same conceptual foundation, but have formats which necessarily differ due to the inability to relate social utility to dollar value.
The scalloped dorsal metacarpophalangeal skin incision.

The use of the scalloped dorsal skin incision for best exposure of multiple metacarpophalangeal joints of the rheumatoid hand is recommended. It is superior to the regular transverse incision in that it prevents the formation of a contracture in the scar.
Reevaluation of the Humidity Requirements of the House Dust Mite Dermatophagoides Farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae)

Partially dehydrated female house dust mites, Dermatophagoides farinae , regained water from unsaturated ambient air at 0.55 av (55% rh) and 15 °C, 0.65 av (65% rh) and 25 or 30 °C, and 0.75 av (75% rh) and 35 °C. Mites continued to lose water at each of the above temperatures when av was reduced 0.10 av (10% rh). The critical av for the temperature range 15–35 °C ranges between 0.55 and 0.75 av and is proportional to temperature. All mites died in less than 24 h at 40 °C and 0.85 or 0.95 av.
Role of Predaceous Ants in Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) Management: Estimating Colony Size and Foraging Range of Formica neoclara (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) through a Mark-Recapture Technique

The foraging range of Formica neoclara (Emery) workers, determined through the use of a mark-release-recapture technique in which ants were marked with fast-drying enamel spray paint was ≈ 7.6m, with an estimated foraging area of 179 m2 per colony. Ants from a single nest foraged in as many as five trees. Ants from separate nests did not forage in the same trees, indicating that each colony had discrete foraging territories. Worker populations ranged from 500 to 24,500; ≈28% of the worker population were foragers. Worker population was positively related to nest size.
Turkish Soft Balancing Against the EU? An Analysis of the Prospects for Improved Transatlantic Security Relations

Turkey is increasingly criticized for obstructing communication and coordination between the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Using soft balancing theory and drawing on fieldwork and semistructured elite interviews conducted in Turkey, this article provides an in-depth analysis of Turkey’s foreign policy that leads to an impasse in NATO–EU coordination. It identifies three main reasons behind the Turkish foreign policy on the topic: (1) Turkey’s resentment for its exclusion from European security developments, (2) the uncertainties revolving around Turkey’s EU membership prospects and the subsequent lack of trust toward the EU, and (3) the unresolved Cyprus problem. This article concludes that the provision of a credible roadmap for Turkey’s EU membership and the resolution of the Cyprus conflict are central for breaking the NATO–EU security impasse, both of which seem unlikely in the short to medium run.
Biological Factors Influencing Responses of the Female Boll Weevil to the Male Sex Pheromone in Field and Large-Cage Tests

Results of studies of female Anthonomus grandis Boheman made to determine the influence of biological factors Oil its response to male sex pheromone indicated that: (1) laboratory-reared males were as attractive and females were as responsive as native weevils if they had access to cotton squares (flower buds) as food; (2) increased attraction of isolated males over grouped males was substantiated; (3) males in close proximity to females were no more attractive to females than isolated males; (4) the lack of response of recently mated females emphasized the need to capture females in traps before they mate with free, competing males; (5) sterilization of males with apholate or irradiation did not significantly decrease their attractiveness compared with untreated males: (6) females responded to males as many as 3 times and from distances of as much at 82 m; (7) the high percentage of females captured in traps baited with males in the absence of competing males, and the low percentage captured with males in traps in an infested plot containing large numbers of competing males suggest that the sex pheromone might have a major role in suppressing weevil populations in areas where populations are extremely low. for example, in the spring after an effective fall diapause-control program has substantially reduced the number of over wintering boll weevils.
Some physicochemical relations between thin films and solid surfaces

Abstract An interface-activated mechanism of displacement of thin oily films is described which appears to be related to the Marangoni effect (spreading pressure). This mechanism is due to surface motion created by local variations in the surface tension. The use of this technique as a tool in the study of the kinetics of desorption of thin films from solid surfaces and the effects of several variables were investigated and are discussed, with derivations of the appropriate thermodynamics. The reverse step, redeposition of oil (the removed thin film) onto the stainless steel (solid surface), was shown to be negligible under the existing experimental conditions. The transport of the removed oil over the water/air interface was eliminated as a contributing factor to the observed kinetics. The thin film removal mechanism would therefore appear to be a one-step process governed by the kinetic step of the dissolution of the oil at the oil/air/water bouandry line.
Electric Fields Control TiO2(e(-)) + I3(-) → Charge Recombination in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

The electric fields generated by excited-state electron injection into anatase TiO2 nanocrystallites are screened by cations present in the external electrolyte. With some assumptions, a newly discovered electroabsorption signature enables quantification of the electric field strength experienced by surface-anchored dye molecules. Here, it was found that the fields increased in the order Na+ < Li+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+, with magnitudes of 1.1 MV/cm for Na+ and 2.2 MV/cm for Ca2+, values that were insensitive to whether the anion was iodide or perchlorate. The magnitude of the field was directly related to average TiO2(e–) + I3– → charge recombination rate constants abstracted from time-resolved kinetic data. Extrapolation to zero field provided an estimate of recombination dynamics when diffusion alone controlled I3– mass transport, k = 300 s–1. The decreased rate constants measured after excited-state injection were attributed to migration of I3– away from the TiO2. Cation transference coefficients were tabulate...
Algebraic Characterization of Some Classical Combinatorial Problems

(1971). Algebraic Characterization of Some Classical Combinatorial Problems. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 78, No. 9, pp. 961-970.
Syphilis and HIV Infection Status Among Female Sex Workers in Jiangsu Province

Objective To study the characteristics of female sex workers and their HIV/AIDS knowledge,behavior,and the status of HIV/syphilis infection in Jiangsu province.Methods Questionnaire,HIV and syphilis tests were conducted in 10 926 FSW;Excel database was established and statistical analysis of data was performed with SPSS 15.0 software.Results Seven HIV infections(0.06%),1 179 ELISA positive detection(10.80%) and 581 TRUST positive detection(5.32%)for syphilis had been confirmed among 10 916 FSWs.Infection rate of syphilis and HCV had significant difference between low price FSWs and high price FSWs(P0.05).Conclusion High syphilis infection rate and low condom use among FSWs in Jiangsu Province would increase HIV spreading,monitoring and intervention for HIV among FSWs are very important for HIV control.
Comparison of dose-response relations of insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose for biliary and gastric acid secretion in dogs.

Mongrel dogs were prepared by cholecystectomy, ligation of the lesser pancreatic duct, insertion of a Thomas cannula into the duodenum opposite the opening of the common bile duct, and insertion of another Thomas cannula into the stomach. Hepatic bile was collected through the duodenal cannula. Graded doses of regular insulin, 0.03 to 2.0 units per kg, or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), 50 to 400 mg per kg, were given intravenously during intravenous infusion of sodium taurocholate. The lowest doses of insulin and 2-DG caused increased bile flow. The maximal bile flow was 4.5 ± 0.6 ml per 15 min after 1 unit of insulin per kg, while the maximal acid output was 9.0 ± 1.2 milliequivalents per 15 min after 0.5 unit of insulin per kg. For 2-DG, the maximal bile flow was 3.7 ± 0.4 ml per 15 min and the maximal acid output was 8.4 ± 1.6 milliequivalents per 15 min. There was no significant difference in the maximal biliary or gastric secretory responses when comparing insulin with 2-DG. Expressed as percentage of maximal response, submaximal doses of insulin caused greater increase in bile flow than in acid output. The choleretic dose–response lines for insulin and 2-DG were evaluated with the use of Michaelis–Menten kinetic constants.
NITROGEN POOLS AND FLUXES IN A GEORGIA SALT MARSH

ABSTRACT Preliminary data on standing stocks of nitrogen and on rates of nitrogen fixation and denitrification in Spartina alterniflora salt marshes on the Georgia coast have yielded a general concept of the nitrogen cycle in this system. The Georgia salt marsh is characterized by fine-textured clay soils, a tidal amplitude of two meters, and high rates of primary production throughout the year. Most combined nitrogen in the system is in the soils in forms not readily available to primary producers. The amounts of exchangeable ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite are small and change seasonally. The presence of nitrate and nitrite in the soil implies that nitrification occurs in the aerobic microzones around Spartina roots. The annual input to the marsh via nitrogen fixation and other quantified sources of nitrogen is as large as the seasonal accumulation of nitrogen by Spartina growth; the input is balanced by the loss of nitrogen via denitrification. The nitrogen input to the marsh is, however, smaller than the estimated nitrogen flux through the marsh plants. Thus, mineral regeneration must satisfy a large part of the nitrogen requirements of Spartina and benthic algae in the Georgia salt marsh.
Dietary Zinc Regulates Apoptosis through the Phosphorylated Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α/Activating Transcription Factor-4/C/EBP-Homologous Protein Pathway during Pharmacologically Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Livers of Mice.

Background: Several in vitro studies have shown that zinc deficiency could induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response. Objective: We aimed to determine whether consumption of a zinc-deficient diet (ZnD) triggers ER stress and to understand the impact of dietary zinc intake on ER stress–induced apoptosis using a mouse model. Methods: Young adult (8–16 wk of age) male mice of strain C57BL/6 were fed either a ZnD (<1 mg/kg diet), or a zinc-adequate diet (ZnA; 30 mg/kg diet). After 2 wk, liver, pancreas, and serum samples were collected and analyzed for indexes of ER stress. In another experiment, mice were fed either a ZnD, a ZnA, or a zinc-supplementation diet (ZnS; 180 mg/kg diet). After 2 wk, vehicle or tunicamycin (TM; 2 mg/kg body weight) was administered to mice to model ER stress. Liver and serum were analyzed for indexes of ER stress to evaluate the effects of zinc status. Results: Mice fed a ZnD did not activate the apoptotic and ER stress markers in the liver or pancreas. During the TM challenge, mice fed a ZnD showed greater C/EBP-homologous protein expression in the liver (3.8-fold, P < 0.01) than did ZnA-fed mice. TM-treated mice fed a ZnD also had greater terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling–positive cells in the liver (2.2-fold, P < 0.05), greater hepatic triglyceride accumulation (1.5-fold, P < 0.05), greater serum alanine aminotransferase activity (1.6-fold, P < 0.05), and greater protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B activity (1.5-fold, P < 0.05), respectively, than did those fed a ZnA. No significant differences were observed in these parameters between mice fed ZnAs and ZnSs. Conclusions: Consumption of a ZnD per se is not a critical factor for induction of ER stress in mice; however, once ER stress is triggered, adequate dietary zinc intake is required for suppressing apoptotic cell death and further insults in the liver of mice.
Atypical Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease With IgG1-κ Staining

INTRODUCTION A ntiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is an autoimmune disease that classically presents as a rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis, with or without pulmonary hemorrhage, and typically does not relapse. The anti-GBM autoantibodies, typically polyclonal IgG1 and IgG4, bind to the noncollagenous 1 domain of the alpha-3 chain of type IV collagen that is present on alveolar and glomerular basement membranes. Kidney biopsies in patients with anti-GBM disease reveal a crescentic and necrotizing glomerulonephritis on light microscopy with diffuse linear staining of the glomerular basement membrane for IgG on immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. Anti-GBM antibodies are detectable in the serum of w90% of patients using conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Atypical antiGBM disease is a rare entity defined by uncharacteristic histologic features on light microscopy and/or linear GBM staining for an antibody other than the typical polyclonal IgG on IF. Here we describe a case of relapsing, atypical IgG1-k anti-GBM glomerulonephritis.
Bayesian Traffic Light Parameter Tracking Based on Semi-Hidden Markov Models

The previous studies have shown that optimizing the driving velocity profiles and route selection based on the availability of the traffic lights' operation information in a traffic network can significantly reduce the individual and cumulative energy consumption of on-road vehicles for the urban driving. In this paper, we propose an accurate and precise stochastic online estimation method of the parameters of the traffic lights operating at a piecewise constant period. In this paper, we first model the traffic lights with a semi-hidden Markov model (SHMM) and then develop the period measurement model governed by a unique noise model specific to the indirect traffic light period measurements. The proposed method solves the estimation problem in two stages: in the first stage, we determine the sequence of the Markovian states maximizing the probability given the measurements and the SHMM parameters; then, in the second stage, we update the period and state duration estimates based on the Bayesian tracking given the corresponding latest measurements. The simulation and real vehicle data results prove that the proposed method can accurately estimate the switching times and the period of the piecewise fixed-period traffic lights.
Anchor Loss in Hemispherical Shell Resonators

Micromachined hemispherical shell resonators (HSRs) can be used in high accuracy vibratory gyroscopes. These resonators need to have very low energy loss to achieve very high quality factor. Energy might be lost through the anchor, fluid-structure interaction, thermoelastic dissipation, phonon-phonon and phonon-electron interactions, and the resonator surface. This paper investigates energy loss through the anchor of HSRs using a numerical approach. To numerically determine wave radiation from the anchor to the infinite substrate, a perfectly matched layer is used around a finite substrate. Anchor loss investigations in HSRs are classified into four categories. First, the effects of shell properties-material, geometry, and imperfections-are investigated. Second, the relationships between anchor loss and properties of the stem, such as material, geometry, and stemshell misalignments, are studied. Third, the effects of substrate characteristics-substrate material, attachment material between the stem and substrate, and attachment configuration of the substrate and stem-are investigated. Finally, the effects of external motions, such as shock and rotation, are analyzed. It is found that anchor loss in HSRs strongly depends on the shell, stem, and substrate properties. This study also shows that any imperfection in the shell or any misalignment between the shell and stem increases anchor loss by orders of magnitude.
The relationship of FDG uptake and its change over time with receptor state and type of the primary breast cancer

1628 Objectives: The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and its change over time (Dual Time Point Imaging) and the receptor state of the primary breast cancer. Methods: One hundred and twenty seven newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer underwent two sequential FDG-PET scans. The mean time interval between the injection of FDG and the first and second scans were 64 minutes (range: 46-112) and 104 minutes (range: 81-156), respectively. The degree of FDG uptake in the lesion was assessed visually and by calculating the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) at 2 time points. The percent change in SUVmax (Δ%SUVmax) between time point 1 (SUVmax1) and time point 2 (SUVmax2) was calculated. Lesions were divided into 4 groups; Estrogen receptor (ER), Progesteron receptor (PR) progesterone (+) and negative (–) based on immuno-histopathology. The SUVmax1, SUVmax2 and Δ% SUVmax (between SUVmax1 and SUVmax2) were compared between receptor positive and negative lesions for each receptor (Students t-Test). For visual evaluation, these 4 groups were further divided into 2 (invasive and noninvasive) and invasive lesions were later categorized into 2 according to tumor size (>1 cm and ≤1 cm). Results: The SUVmax1, SUVmax2 and Δ% SUVmax were higher in the ER– and PR– lesions (5.7±4.8, 6.4±5.1 and 11.7±11.8%; 4.8±4.4, 5.3±4.8 and 9.8±11.5%, respectively) than in those with positive lesions for these receptors (2.9±2.1, 3.1±2.4 and 5.0±12.9%; 3.0±2.2, 3.2±2.5 and 5.3±13.3%, respectively). These results were statistically significant for the entire data (p Conclusions: These data indicate that the degree of differentiation of the primary breast cancer cells correlate with the level of glycolysis and its rate over time. These findings further confirm the observations made by other techniques that tumors with positive hormone receptors are less active than those with positive receptors. Therefore, SUV measurements and its change over time may provide valuable information about the state of ER and PR of these lesions and may predict prognosis.
Long-term outcome of an intra-articular allograft technique for treatment of spontaneous cranial cruciate ligament rupture in the dog.

Objective To determine the 12-month outcome in dogs with spontaneous cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture after repair with an intra-articular decellularized allograft. Study Design Prospective pilot case series. Animals Ten client-owned dogs with unilateral CCL rupture. Methods An intra-articular, decellularized, deep digital flexor tendon allograft was secured in the stifle with a femoral cross pin and tibial spiked washers and screws. An interference screw was placed in the tibial tunnel. Dogs were evaluated with an owner questionnaire, radiographs, and force platform gait analysis before and 2, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Results Owners reported improvement in level of pain and mobility throughout the study, especially over the first 6 months. Peak vertical force and vertical impulse improved across all time points. Ground reaction force asymmetry index for peak vertical force and vertical impulse at 12 months showed 3 dogs within a normal index (<6%), 4 dogs as nonvisibly lame (6-20%), and 3 dogs as visibly lame (≥20%). For most dogs, osteoarthritis scoring did not change over the 12-month period and some femoral-tibial translation was detected on standing horizontal beam radiographs. Conclusion Intra-articular repair using a decellularized allograft can provide functional clinical outcomes in dogs with CCL disease. A better understanding of long-term engraftment after this procedure is needed.