cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formation and Metabolism of Testosterone in Testicular Tissue of Immature Rats

Testicular tissue from newborn, 20- and 90-day-old rats was incubated with radiolabeled testosterone or androstenedione. Tissue from newborn and adult rats actively metabolized androstenedione (75–80 % conversion), with testosterone being the major product. Testosterone, on the other hand, was poorly metabolized, only 10–20 % being converted to androstenedione. In incubates of testicular tissue from 20-day-old rats, both testosterone and androstenedione were converted primarily (70–80%) to 5α-reduced androgens. The addition of heparin almost completely blocked formation of 5α-reduced androgens from testosterone in incubates of testicular tissue from 20-day-old rats, indicating inhibition of testicular 5α-reductase by heparin. Incubation of androstenedione in a similar system resulted in accumulation of testosterone and only minor formation of 5α-reduced androgens, suggesting that the 5α-reduced androgens formed in incubates of testicular tissue in the absence of heparin are, most likely, products of testo...
Risperidone and divalproex differentially engage the fronto-striato-temporal circuitry in pediatric mania: a pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Objective The current study examined the impact of risperidone and divalproex on affective and working memory circuitry in patients with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). Method This was a six-week, double-blind, randomized trial of risperidone plus placebo versus divalproex plus placebo for patients with mania (n = 21; 13.6 ± 2.5 years of age). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) outcomes were measured using a block design, affective, N-back task with angry, happy, and neutral face stimuli at baseline and at 6-week follow-up. Matched healthy controls (HC; n=15, 14.5 ± 2.8 years) were also scanned twice. Results In post hoc analyses on the significant interaction in a 3×2×2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) that included patient groups and HC, the risperidone group showed greater activation after treatment in response to the angry face condition in the left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum relative to the divalproex group. The divalproex group showed greater activation relative to the risperidone group in the left inferior frontal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus. Over the treatment course, the risperidone group showed greater change in activation in the left ventral striatum than the divalproex group, and the divalproex group showed greater activation change in left inferior frontal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus than the risperidone group. Furthermore, each patient group showed increased activation relative to HC in fronto-striato-temporal regions over time. The happy face condition was potentially less emotionally challenging in this study and did not elicit notable findings. Conclusions When patients performed a working memory task under emotional duress inherent in the paradigm, divalproex enhanced activation in a fronto-temporal circuit whereas risperidone increased activation in the dopamine (D 2 ) receptor–rich ventral striatum. Clinical trial registration information—Risperidone and Divalproex Sodium With MRI Assessment in Pediatric Bipolar; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00176202.
Automatic storage optimization

Most studies of optimization techniques for higher level languages have focused on improving execution time of generated programs, often at the expense of increased storage. When storage optimization has been addressed, it is usually in conjunction with time optimization, such as in instruction-reducing code transformations. In the Bliss Compiler (WJWHG75), a storage-optimizing compiler, transformations that reduce register temporary storage are also performed, but automatic overlay of program variables is not addressed.The rising popularity of mini-computers and micro-processors suggests that the time has come to examine the problem of automatic storage optimization in its totality. Because lack of space has always been a problem in the small systems environment, the proliferation of small machines implies the growing importance of the problem. Although the decreasing cost of memory may mitigate this trend, a variant of Murphy's Law ensures that program size will always increase faster than the available storage. In other words, programmers always write programs that don't fit, and, as time goes on, more of them will be doing it.
Fear of Negative Evaluation, Social Anxiety and Response to Positive and Negative Online Social Cues

High social anxiety is associated with negative interpretations of social feedback, maladaptive attributions for success and failure, and excessive attention to internal and external threat cues. In the present study, 40 undergraduate participants with either high or low levels of social anxiety engaged in a series of social interactions with varying types of social feedback: negative, mixed-negative, mixed-positive, and positive. Given the increasing engagement in computer-mediated communication among individuals with high levels of social anxiety, these interactions took place via instant messaging software. Compared to participants with low social anxiety, participants with high social anxiety experienced more self-focused thoughts, negative thoughts, and state anxiety in response to increases in negative feedback. Participants with low social anxiety experienced fewer self-focused thoughts in response to increased negative feedback, resulting in a significant crossover interaction. Qualitative and quantitative differences regarding cognitive processes and computer-mediated communication among individuals with high and low social anxiety are discussed.
Activities to attract high school girls to computer science

We present several activities used in the two-week PipeLINK summer program for high school girls. These hands-on activities and interactive talks, presented mostly by female faculty, undergraduates, and graduate students, showed the girls the wide range of opportunities in the field of computer science
Exact k-q solution for a Bloch electron in a constant electric field.

In a series of recent papers, a new method for exactly solving the Schr\"odinger equation for a single electron in a crystal subjected to a constant, external, electric field (Wannier-Stark problem) has been presented. In the present report, the k-q representation of J. Zak [Phys. Rev. 168, 686 (1968)] is shown to give exactly these same results.
On the journey toward wholeness in leader theories

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a holistic intra‐individual perspective on leaders, which focuses on four components of the inner person of the leader; Being, Cognition, Spirituality, and Emotion, and on the observable components of Behavior and Relationships.Design/methodology/approach – Existing leadership literature is appraised within the context of the model. Previously‐proposed interrelationships among the components are enumerated. The paper suggests implications of the model regarding research content and methodology as well as leader development.Findings – The model implies that all components should be included in research and that interrelationships among components should be explored. Also implied is the use of methodological pluralism.Practical implications – Leaders should attend to all components in the model in their self‐development efforts.Originality/value – The paper takes an unusual approach to understanding leadership: an individual‐level holistic perspective.
Dissecting pattern unlock

Pattern unlock is one of the entry protection mechanisms in Android system for unlocking the screen. By connecting 4-9 dots in a 3ź×ź3 grid, the user can set up an unlock pattern which is equivalent to a password or a PIN. As an alternative to the traditional password/PIN, the visual pattern has gained its popularity because of the potential advantages in memorability and convenience of input. However, the limited pattern space and existing attacks such as shoulder surfing, or smudge attack make this mechanism weak in security. In this paper, we analyzed the characteristics of all valid patterns and proposed a way to quantitatively evaluate their strengths. We then designed two types of pattern strength meters as visual indicators of pattern strength. We conducted a user study that involved 81 participants. The results of the user study showed that the presence of visual indicator of pattern strength did encourage users to create visually complex patterns, thus increasing the security of pattern unlock.
Fermi Gas Model

Abstract A few comments about the application of the Fermi Gas Model to neutrino interactions with nuclei are made as part of a panel discussion.
4.5 A 2-phase resonant switched-capacitor converter delivering 4.3W at 0.6W/mm 2 with 85% efficiency

In this work, we present a 2-phase ReSC converter that operates with supply voltages from 3.6 to 6V, providing compatibility for a range of applications including Li-Ion battery supplies. Figure 4.5.2 shows the power train of the 2-phase ReSC converter. The architecture is similar to the 2:1 SC converters in [2-3], but uses inductance, LX, to resonate with the on-chip flying capacitor, CX. On-chip bypass capacitance, Cbp, is used to filter the output voltage and complete the resonant loop in the energy transfer process. The timing of key signals in converter operation is shown in Fig. 4.5.3. In normal operation at the fundamental resonant frequency, ωo=(LXCX)-1/2, resonant impedance ZX is configured in parallel with Vin-Vout in φ1; in φ2, ZX is configured in parallel with Vout. If there is a voltage difference between Vin-Vout and Vout-GND, voltage VX appears as a square wave at the resonant frequency. In φ1, a positive half wave current flows into ZX, drawing energy from Vin; in φ2, a negative half wave current flows out of ZX, supplying energy to the load. Similar to the SC topology, this process can be modeled as an effective resistance, REFF, the details of which are discussed in [6]. Operation at the fundamental mode provides the lowest achievable REFF, which is approximately RESR·π2/8 for the 2:1 configuration, near the minimum achievable REFF for a comparable SC converter.
Injection of newly synthesized elements into the protosolar cloud

The relatively high initial abundance of the shortlived radioisotope 26Al in calciumaluminiumrich refractory inclusions found in meteorites is inconsistent with forming the 26Al by irradiation in t...
A general model of liquid—solid chroamtography with mixed mobile phases involving concurrent adsorption and partition effects

Abstract Liquid—solid chromatography (LSC) with mixed mobile phases is discussed in terms of classical thermodynamics. It is shown that a rigorous consideration of solute and solvent competitive adsorption in systems with a non-ideal mobile (bulk) phase and a surface-influenced non-ideal stationary phase leads to a new general equation for the distribution coefficient of a solute involving concurrent adsorption and partition effects. For special sets of parameters this equation reduces to familiar limiting expressions describing either adsorption or partition effects. A detailed discussion is presented for LSC systems with binary phases, in which bulk and surface solutions are assumed to be regular ones.
Learning group-technology part families from solid models by parallel distributed processing

This paper presents a new approach to part classification in group technology. It advocates the introduction of a feature-based solid-modelling scheme for part representation which, in turn, helps in identifying features of interest. The extracted features of the part are then used to determine the part family to which the part belongs. A parallel distributed processing (PDP) model has been utilised in developing a learning module for the part-classification problem. The proposed model has been implemented in the Unix environment of a Sun work-station. The usefulness of the proposed model has been validated with an example of 16 parts in three part families.
Colonoscopy technique in consecutive patients referred for prior incomplete colonoscopy.

Background & Aims: Cecal intubation is one of the goals of colonoscopy. In some patients cecal intubation is unsuccessful. The aim of this study was to describe the approach used by a gastroenterologist with special interest in colonoscopy to perform colonoscopy in patients with a prior incomplete colonoscopy. Methods: The demographic features and colonoscopy methods and findings are described in 119 consecutive patients in whom a prior incomplete colonoscopy was performed by a gastroenterologist or surgeon. Results: Most patients could be characterized as to the cause of previous failure, based on medical records or an initial attempt to pass the colonoscope, as redundant colon (n = 54), difficult sigmoid colon (n = 33), or difficult to sedate (n = 8). Colonoscopy was successful to the cecum (n = 116) or an ileocolonic anastomosis (n = 1) in 117 of the 119 patients. Standard adult (n = 51) and pediatric colonoscopes (n = 35) and attention to careful technique were successful in 86 cases, although these included 7 cases in which the use of propofol sedation appeared to be the critical factor allowing success. Special equipment was needed in 31 cases: external straighteners (n = 9), upper endoscopes alone (n = 9), pediatric colonoscope after guidewire exchange (n = 8), and an enteroscope with (n = 4) or without (n = 1) an external straightener. Conclusions: Most patients with a prior incomplete colonoscopy can be colonoscoped successfully if an array of tools and techniques are used. The approach varies depending on characterization of the problem as redundant colon vs difficult sigmoid colon. The approach and techniques described here may be of value to others in cases of a difficult or challenging colonoscopy.
Ferromagnetic resonance and relaxation in single crystal metal films

We review the results of oblique-angle ferromagnetic resonance experiments in single-crystal metal films, and compare them with recent calculations for oblique-angle resonance based on isotropic metals and on anisotropic insulators with magnetoelastic interactions.
Acceptable legal standards for software

The author discusses the legal issues that are involved in software protection. She discusses legal actions open to users who get a system that does not perform as expected and have exhausted all remedies that do not involve litigation. She examines how the law treats software, covering liability limitations and court actions regarding fraud or misrepresentation as well as injury and damage caused by software. The author discusses the inadequacy of current laws and offers recommendations for remedying the situation. >
Non-vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, nonsomatostatin fundic inhibitory mechanism

Abstract In dogs provided with a gastric fistula (GF) of the main stomach and a Heidenhain pouch, excision of the fundic mucosa of the main stomach (fundusectomy) resulted in complete inhibition of GF acid secretion and a fourfold increase of HP acid response to a standard meal. In addition, both basal and postprandial hypergastrinemia followed fundusectomy. The possibility that removal of either vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) or somatostatin, inhibitors known to exist in the fundic mucosa, may explain this postfundusectomy hypersecretion of acid and gastrin was investigated by studying the effect of intravenous infusion of these peptides after fundic mucosal excision. VIP had no significant effect on either the acid or gastrin responses to meal. Somatostatin had insignificant effect on the acid response but significantly suppressed the gastrin response. The gastrin response with somatostatin infusion was, however, significantly higher than that of the prefundusectomy gastrin response. We conclude (a) fundusectomy removes a fundic inhibitory mechanism; and (b) neither VIP nor somatostatin is the mediator of this fundic inhibitory mechanism.
Regulatory modules controlling maize inflorescence architecture

Genetic control of branching is a primary determinant of yield, regulating seed number and harvesting ability, yet little is known about the molecular networks that shape grain-bearing inflorescences of cereal crops. Here, we used the maize (Zea mays) inflorescence to investigate gene networks that modulate determinacy, specifically the decision to allow branch growth. We characterized developmental transitions by associating spatiotemporal expression profiles with morphological changes resulting from genetic perturbations that disrupt steps in a pathway controlling branching. Developmental dynamics of genes targeted in vivo by the transcription factor RAMOSA1, a key regulator of determinacy, revealed potential mechanisms for repressing branches in distinct stem cell populations, including interactions with KNOTTED1, a master regulator of stem cell maintenance. Our results uncover discrete developmental modules that function in determining grass-specific morphology and provide a basis for targeted crop improvement and translation to other cereal crops with comparable inflorescence architectures.
RemA (YlzA) and RemB (YaaB) Regulate Extracellular Matrix Operon Expression and Biofilm Formation in Bacillus subtilis

Biofilms are multicellular aggregates stabilized by an extracellular matrix. In Bacillus subtilis, the biofilm matrix is composed of an extracellular polysaccharide and the secreted protein TasA. Expression of both of the matrix components is repressed by the DNA-binding master regulator, SinR. Here we identify two small protein regulators of the extracellular matrix: RemA (formerly YlzA) and RemB (formerly YaaB). Mutation of RemA or RemB impairs pellicle formation, complex colony architecture, and motility inhibition in a sinR mutant background. Both proteins are required for the activation of the matrix biosynthesis operons and appear to act in parallel to SinR and two other known biofilm regulators, AbrB and DegU.
Sequential Range Tests for Components of Variance

Abstract Sequential probability ratio tests for the components of variance in a random-effects model are studied. The test criteria are based on range estimates in place of the usual mean squares. The properties of the tests are examined and compared with those of the corresponding fixed-sample and sequential F-tests. Some numerical tables are provided to facilitate the application of the proposed sequential range test.
Blind jammer suppression system based on a modified despreader for multiple GPS signals

The Global Positioning System (GPS) was designed to provide location estimates for various civilian and military applications using at least four satellites. Since GPS signals have a low signal-to-noise ratio, they also have a low signal-to-jammer ratio, and thus the accuracy of these estimates is influenced by cochannel interference and intentional jammers. In this paper, we explore an extension of a recently proposed blind multicomponent jammer rejection system, which is based on a modified despreader, to extract multiple GPS signals. This extended system also operates blindly to null directional interference and capture all GPS signals of interest without requiring explicit knowledge of their angles-of-arrival. A representative computer simulation example is presented Io illustrate the performance of the multicomponent system for the suppression of different jammer types.
Effect of Skewness on the Distribution of Live Load Reaction at Piers of Skewed Continuous Bridges

This paper presents a study of the skewness effect on live load reactions at the piers of continuous bridges. Two prestressed concrete I-beam bridges and one steel I-girder bridge were selected for the study. To evaluate the skew effect, the skew angle of the bridges was varied from 0 to 60°. Live load reaction at support and shear at the beam ends of the selected bridges were determined using finite-element analysis. The comparison of the distribution factors of live load reactions and shear revealed that the distribution factor of reaction at piers was higher than that of shear at beam ends near the same support. The increase in the reaction distribution factor was more significant than that in the shear distribution factor in the interior beam line when the skew angle was greater than 30°. The LRFD shear equations and the Lever rule method could conservatively predict live load reaction distribution for piers in exterior beam lines but underestimate live load reaction distribution in interior beam lines. It is recommended that more research be performed for the distribution factor of live load reaction to quantify the responses.
Pressure events of the cardiac cycle in the dog: normal right and left heart.

Simultaneous pressure curves from the cardiac cavities, aorta and pulmonary artery of dogs were recorded by manometers of equal sensitivity. It was found that left ventricular pressure during ejection is practically identical with that of the aorta. In the majority of dogs atrial and ventricular end-diastolic pressures were equal. The temporal relations of events in the right and left heart were similar to those reported in man, but the duration of the cardiac cycle is too dependent on cycle length to permit comparison.
Involving Children and Adolescents in Medical Decision Making: Developmental and Clinical Considerations

Outlined the issues in informed consent, as well as goals for involving children and adolescents in decisions regarding their own medical treatment. This paper reviews the developmental and clinical considerations, and provides recommendations, for determining particular children's level of involvement. Finally, there are distinct roles for pediatric psychologists in this process, which are described. As medical treatment becomes increasingly sophisticated, there is an obligation for pediatric psychologists to appreciate the ethical and clinical issues in medical decision making for families.
A formally verified system for logic synthesis

The correctness of a logic synthesis system is implemented and proved. The algorithm is based on the weak division algorithm for Boolean simplification previously presented. The implementation is in the programming language ML; and the proof is in the Nuprl proof development system. This study begins with a proof of the algorithm previously presented and extends it to a level of detail sufficient for proving the implementation of the system. In the process of developing the proof many definitions presented in previous accounts of the algorithms were clarified, and several errors in the implementation were discovered. The result is that the designs generated by the implementation can be claimed to be correct by construction, since the correctness of the system was proven. >
Activist Religion, Empire, and the Emergence of Modern Long-Distance Advocacy Networks

Considering long-distance advocacy as a distinctive institution of European modernity, the article examines the genesis and history of networks engaged in political action on behalf of distant others. Ever since the beginnings of European expansion overseas in the sixteenth century, such networks have originated from a persistent pattern of radicalization of religious actors against rival networks within the context of empire. In the late eighteenth century, the very same processes led to the establishment of modern forms of long-distance advocacy, with the international movement against colonial slavery and the slave trade. Throughout, long-distance advocacy was initiated and carried out by distinctively reformist and activist religious organizations within Catholicism and Protestantism. These findings highlight the importance of religious organizations in the imperial context for the configuration of modern forms of political activism.
Analysis of trichroic infrared absorption in solids. III. Phase I poly(vinylidene fluride)

Trichroic infrared absorption has been measured for oriented phase I poly(vinylidene fluoride). In addition to intensity differences, frequency shifts in the plane transverse to the draw direction are apparent. Shifts up to 10 cm−1 in one-way drawn phase I are found for the CF2 stretching vibration (880 cm−1) between the direction normal to the film surface (thickness direction) and the remaining directions. Annealing the highly oriented films produces no major changes in the unique three-dimensional structure. A model based on crystal defect structures is proposed to explain the unusual frequency shift behavior in the phase I PVDF. Possible conformations and a mechanism of formation of the defects are discussed.
Ultrasonic Duplex Echo-Doppler Scanner

Ultrasonic B-mode displays are produced by a new diagnostic scanner that yields dynamic Doppler information from blood flow in addition to both static and dynamic echo information from stationary and more slowly moving tissues. The effect is produced by combining the flow imaging capability of a multigate pulse-Doppler flow detector with a fast rotational pulse-echo B-mode scanner. The duplex system was designed for performing ultrasonic echo-Doppler arteriography where the location and geometry of the interface between occlusive atherosclerotic tissue and blood is of prime concern. Initial results on normal arteries in vivo are illustrated. Spatial alignment of echo and Doppler images is obtained by using the same transducer and scanning mechanism for both. However, clinical trials on patients with verified occlusive arterial disease indicated a two-transducer system would be more desirable. It is concluded that superposition of images of both tissue and blood decreases the uncertainties inherent in the display of either image alone.
Unmyelinated axons in human ventral roots, a possible explanation for the failure of dorsal rhizotomy to relieve pain

Human ventral roots were examined in the light and electron microscopes. The noteworthy finding is that all roots contain large numbers of unmyelinated axons, and that they make up 27 per cent of the total population of ventral root axons. The function of these unmyelinated axons is not known, but for various reasons it is probable that a significant number are sensory. If so these axons might explain the failure of dorsal rhizotomy to relieve pain, and dorsal root gangionectomy, which would remove both dorsal and ventral root afferents, might be the procedure of choice for those patients where rhizotomy is contemplated.
LunAR Park: Augmented reality, retro-futurism & a ride to the moon

Museum spaces are ideal settings for interactive experiences that combine entertainment, education and innovative technologies. LunAR Park is an augmented reality application designed for a planetarium setting that utilizes existing lunar exhibits to immerse the visitor in an enhanced world of interactive lunar exploration referencing amusement park experiences. The application was originally presented as part of Moon Lust, an exhibition at the Adler Planetarium and Astronomical Museum in Chicago that explored global interests on lunar exploration and habitation through interactive technologies. The content of LunAR Park was inspired by pre-space age depictions of the lunar landscape at the original Luna Park in Coney Island, the advancement of lunar expeditions of the past century, and the romantic notions of future colonization of the moon. LunAR Park transforms four lunar themed exhibits into a virtual amusement park that brings the surface of the moon to life. The users interact with the augmented environment through iPads and navigate the virtual landscape by physically traversing the space around the four exhibits.
Design of enterprise Web servers in support of instant information retrievals

As the world is building "the Internet of things", the successful deployment of instant information retrievals Web servers will be essential for enterprises to provide satisfactions for customers. For instance, the precise and pertinent information of a product should be delivered promptly and securely. By taking advantage of radio frequency identification technology, information retrievals for a product labeled with a smart tag can be performed much more efficiently than ever before. This article presents a Web server design scheme to facilitate the information retrieving in a future product identification and tracking system, aiming at meeting the following competitive requirements: responsive, evolution-prone, and locally contextual. Bucket are used for identifying product states, while binary tree search algorithms are used to sort, store, and retrieve the precise and pertinent service for a request that carries a product identity.
Constrained output feedback control of a multivariable polymerization reactor

A multivariable nonlinear control strategy which accounts for unmeasured state variables and input constraints is developed for the free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in a continuous stirred tank reactor. Monomer concentration and reactor temperature are controlled using a technique which combines nonlinear input-output decoupling and linear model predictive control. Input constraints are handled explicitly by applying linear model predictive control to the constrained linear system obtained after feedback linearization and constraint transformation. Unmeasured initiator and solvent concentrations are accounted for by treating the live polymer concentration as an unknown parameter which is estimated online. The performance of the control strategy is compared to other nonlinear control techniques through closed-loop simulations.
Pulmonary Inflammation Induced by Subacute Ozone Is Augmented in Adiponectin-Deficient Mice: Role of IL-17A

Pulmonary responses to ozone, a common air pollutant, are augmented in obese individuals. Adiponectin, an adipose-derived hormone that declines in obesity, has regulatory effects on the immune system. To determine the role of adiponectin in the pulmonary inflammation induced by extended (48-72 h) low-dose (0.3 parts per million) exposure to ozone, adiponectin-deficient (Adipo(-/-)) and wild-type mice were exposed to ozone or to room air. In wild-type mice, ozone exposure increased total bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) adiponectin. Ozone-induced lung inflammation, including increases in BAL neutrophils, protein (an index of lung injury), IL-6, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, LPS-induced CXC chemokine, and G-CSF were augmented in Adipo(-/-) versus wild-type mice. Ozone also increased IL-17A mRNA expression to a greater extent in Adipo(-/-) versus wild-type mice. Moreover, compared with control Ab, anti-IL-17A Ab attenuated ozone-induced increases in BAL neutrophils and G-CSF in Adipo(-/-) but not in wild-type mice, suggesting that IL-17A, by promoting G-CSF release, contributed to augmented neutrophilia in Adipo(-/-) mice. Flow cytometric analysis of lung cells revealed that the number of CD45(+)/F4/80(+)/IL-17A(+) macrophages and γδ T cells expressing IL-17A increased after ozone exposure in wild-type mice and further increased in Adipo(-/-) mice. The IL-17(+) macrophages were CD11c(-) (interstitial macrophages), whereas CD11c(+) macrophages (alveolar macrophages) did not express IL-17A. Taken together, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that adiponectin protects against neutrophil recruitment induced by extended low-dose ozone exposure by inhibiting the induction and/or recruitment of IL-17A in interstitial macrophages and/or γδ T cells.
A case of bilateral human herpes virus 6 panuveitis with genomic viral DNA integration

We report a rare case of bilateral panuveitis from human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) with genomic viral DNA integration in an immunocompromised man. A 59-year-old man with history of multiple myeloma presented with altered mental status, bilateral eye redness, and blurry vision. Examination revealed bilateral diffuse keratic precipitates, 4+ anterior chamber cell, hypopyon, vitritis, and intraretinal hemorrhages. Intraocular fluid testing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive for HHV-6. The patient was successfully treated with intravitreal foscarnet and intravenous ganciclovir and foscarnet. Despite clinical improvement, his serum HHV-6 levels remained high, and it was concluded that he had HHV-6 chromosomal integration. HHV-6 should be considered in the differential for infectious uveitis in immunocompromised hosts who may otherwise have a negative work-up. HHV-6 DNA integration may lead to difficulties in disease diagnosis and determining disease resolution.
Reversibility of Clip Sterilization

The technique of laparoscopic sterilization employing a spring-loaded clip placed across the isthmic portion of the tube avoids electrocoagulation. A preliminary study to evaluate the success rate of end-to-end reanastomosis following tubal occlusion by a clip was conducted on 10 mature pigs. Upon failure of all 10 pigs to become pregnant for 3 months following clip placement the clips were removed and successful reanastomosis was performed on 8 pigs in which varying degrees of adhesions from clip application were found. 6 of the 8 animals became pregnant within 2 months of reanastomosis while 2 failed to become pregnant within 3 months. This yeilded a fertility rate of 75% as compared with and 80% fertility rate under normal conditions. Inspection by a low-power microscope revealed a well-established lumen and minimal scar tissue between the muscular portions of the tube. These animal studies suggest that end-to-end reanstomosis may be performed relatively simply with the greatest results if it is timed during the first half of the human menstrual cycle when tubular fluid flow is promoting maintenance of an open lumen.
Monitoring Neutrophil-Expressed Cell Surface Esophageal Cancer Related Gene-4 after Severe Burn Injury.

Abstract Background: We identified recently esophageal cancer related gene-4 (ECRG4) as a candidate cytokine that is expressed on the surface of quiescent polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and shed in response to ex vivo treatment with lipopolysaccharide. To investigate the potential biologic relevance of changes in cell surface ECRG4 in human samples, we performed a pilot study to examine a population of burn patients in whom blood could be analyzed prospectively. We hypothesized that cutaneous burn injury would alter cell surface expression of ECRG4 on PMNs. Methods: Patients admitted with more than 20% total burn surface area (TBSA) (n = 10) had blood collected at the time of admission and weekly thereafter. For comparison, blood was obtained from a control group of healthy human volunteers (n = 4). We used flow cytometry to measure changes in ECRG4+ PMNs from patients during recovery from injury. Esophageal cancer related gene-4 expression at each time point was compared with the patient's clinical ...
From a Unitary to a Unilateral Presidency

President Bush's administration has been accused of creating a unilateral presidency. He has disdained allies and refused to use Congress as a partner in fashioning national policy. Less remarked upon, President Bush's claims of broad powers have marginalized not only international entities and Congress, but other actors within the executive branch. More than any recent President, he has attempted to route all authority delegated by Congress to the executive branch through his Office. This essay assesses President Bush's conception of the unitary executive in the administrative sphere. Based on President Bush's signing statements and executive orders, it concludes - contrary to a leading account - that President Bush's view of the unitary executive in the administrative sphere is extreme even by comparison to that forwarded by his father, and Presidents Clinton and Reagan. In short, President Bush apparently has theorized that the President, as the officer at the apex of Article II, must be the principal decisionmaker for all authority vested by Congress in the executive branch, irrespective of Congress's choice of delegate. According to President Bush, the President under Article II retains the authority to supplant the discretion vested in officers inferior to him and exercise that authority directly. To that end, he has decried congressional efforts to delegate final authority to subordinate executive branch officials, lambasted congressional efforts to seek proposals for new legislation directly from subordinate officers in the executive branch, and deployed regulatory policy officers to oversee the administrative work of agency officials appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. President Bush's views are coherent, yet radical in expanding the unitary executive ideal beyond what had been asserted by his predecessors. To President Bush, Article II demands not merely a unitary but a unilateral presidency in that all authority delegated by Congress must be funneled through the President. The essay then explores the potential ramifications of such a sea change in the unitary executive vision. The Bush perspective would jeopardize so-termed independent agencies, undermining the independence critical to agency adjudication and to a lesser extent rulemaking. Moreover, the Bush theory would obviate the President's need to remove from office officials who failed to follow his policy for he could simply exercise the duties himself. Furthermore, it might permit the President carte blanche in reorganizing the executive branch and thereby blunt Congress's interest in creating offices and delegating particular tasks to officeholders. In sum, President Bush's view demeans the role of presidential appointees approved by the Senate and threatens to seal off much of the executive branch from dialogue with Congress.
Créolité Nineteenth Century Style: Lafcadio Hearn’s Vision

This essay proposes to examine the influence of nineteenth century journalist, writer, and traveler Lafcadio Hearn on Jean Bernabe’s, Raphael Confiant’s, and Patrick Chamoiseau’s manifesto Eloge de la Creolite. This comparison reveals that the characteristics of Creolite - a praise for the culturally and racially mixed, a defiance of the pure, and a suspicious racialism under the cover of an embracing of diversity - are already contained in Hearn’s Martinican writings. In short, the novelty of Creolite is unmasked as the repetition of a nineteenth century exotic fantasy. Additionally, and in relation to its first goal, the essay will situate the racial perception and construction at work in Hearn’s Martinican writings within its immediate contemporary context. Counter-current to dominant late nineteenth century constructions of race privileging “pure” categories, Hearn’s vision clearly opts for the racially mixed. I intend the word vision both as anticipation and as hallucination.
Occurrence of a Complementary Event in Probability-Learning

Multiple probability-learning us~~ally is of the type in which S predicts which one of several events may occur [cf. Gardner (1958) among many others]. In the present srudy, only one event was to be predicted but the "predictors" of this event each had different pre-assigned probabilities that the to-be-predicted event would occur. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate differences in probability-learning in this latter situation (a) where a to-be-predicted evenc either occurred or did not oca~r and (b) where an evenc complementary to the to-be-predicted evenc occurred whenever che latter did not. In a way this study represents an extension of the resulcs of Schipper (1956) in which S predicted whether or not a particular evenc E, would occur in a context of either 1, 3, or 5 alternative events. The hypothesis in this earlier study was that S would perceive a fixed relative frequency of E, as being larger and larger as the number of alternative events increased from 1 to 3 to 5. The present study was concerned with a change in the number of alternative events from 1 to 0 in addition to increasing the range of predictor probabilities. PROCEDURE
Overwintering and Spring Emergence of the Tobacco Flea Beetle

Field studies on hibernation of Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) in the tobacco field, and spring emergence as measured by the capture of beetles on potted Irish potato plants, were conducted during 1966-67. A substantial number of flea beetles emerged from soil samples collected in November, December, and March, but very few beetles emerged from samples collected in April. More flea beetles were taken on potted potato plants situatd 4.6 m from the wooded hibernation site than on potato plants 91.5 m from this site. Few tobacco flea beetles were collected on potato plants placed within the wooded hibernation area. Most of the beetles were captured on potato plants before May 10, and only a few were collected after May 20.
The hypothermia of hypoglycemia. Studies with 2-deoxy-D-glucose in normal human subjects and mice.

Abstract An inhibitor of glucose utilization, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) was employed to study the hypothermia of hypoglycemia. After 2-DG infusions, rectal temperatures in normal human subjects fell to nadir levels averaging 1.1°C below base-line values in two to 2.5 hours coincident with maximal increases of plasma growth hormone. Temperatures remained below basal values for six hours in the face of increases in plasma glucose and insulin, and urinary catecholamines. The findings indicate that the hypothermia is conditioned by intracellular glucopenia rather than the availability of circulating glucose or glucoregulatory hormones. To assess the role of central thermoregulatory mechanisms, 2-DG was injected into tail veins or cerebral ventricles of conscious mice. Although rectal temperatures fell with either route, hypothermic potencies were approximately fivefold greater with intracerebral administration. Thus, exclusion of glucose from central rather than peripheral sites plays the major part in the hyp...
Reducing the negative effects of media exposure on body image: Testing the effectiveness of subvertising and disclaimer labels.

Abstract Body image activists have proposed adding disclaimer labels to digitally altered media as a way to promote positive body image. Another approach advocated by activists is to alter advertisements through subvertising (adding social commentary to the image to undermine the message of the advertisement). We examined if body image could be enhanced by attaching Photoshop disclaimers or subvertising to thin-ideal media images of swimsuit models. In Study 1 (N = 1268), adult women exposed to disclaimers or subvertising did not report higher body state satisfaction or lower drive for thinness than women exposed to unaltered images. In Study 2 (N = 820), adult women who were exposed to disclaimers or subvertising did not report higher state body satisfaction or lower state social appearance comparisons than women exposed to unaltered images or to no images. These results raise questions about the effectiveness of disclaimers and subvertising for promoting body satisfaction.
Prevention and screening in the nursing home.

SUMMARY Demanding challenges face the primary care physician in the nursing home setting. Following patients we have known for years through their final decline, although emotionally difficult, can be rewarding as we realize that our presence makes an immense difference to them. We will care for a heterogeneous population composed of both a minority of rehabilitating healthy elderly who will return home and the majority, residents who will linger in a range of debilitated states, barely maintaining function. Our screening practices should be guided by our best estimate of life expectancy and quality of life remaining. The thoughtful provider encourages humane treatment in the face of economic pressures. Screening for adverse drug reactions, mental status change, or potential for falls may take as much time as more remunerative but less appropriate procedures such as sigmoidoscopies. Perhaps excellent long-term care will circumvent expensive and unnecessary hospital admissions.46–51 Practitioners may find they can investigate conditions such as incontinence more efficiently by collaborating with nursing staff to develop screening protocols. It is hoped that cost effectiveness and practice expediency will not be the sole measures of our efforts to care for our infirm elderly patients. Ultimately, the manner in which we care for the most vulnerable members of our society will define our humanity and the kind of society we are.
Authors' reply to Seemungal and Bolland and colleagues.

We agree with Seemungal that vertigo is a well known risk for falls—for example, odds ratio 1.81 2 3—and that benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) causes balance impairment and can lead to falls. While symptomatic patients are often seen initially in primary care, diagnostic studies, including the Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre, and particularly treatment …
Velocity Fluctuations in the Interaction of Homogeneous, Isotropic Turbulence and a Detonation Wave

The canonical problem of a shock wave interacting with homogeneous, isotropic turbulence (STI) has been well studied for over 40 years [1] and remains a topic of interest [2, 3]. One of the motivations for studying this canonical STI problem is that it captures key physics of the complex viscous-inviscid interaction that occur in other more realistic situations such as shock/boundary-layer interactions. A relatively less well-studied problem is the interaction with a detonation wave (DTI), with initial studies dating to almost as far back [4, 5].
Octavio Paz y Helena Garro a través de las palabras del poeta (1935, 1937, 1944, 1945

A partir del corpus epistolar que resguarda la Univer­sidad de Princeton, en Nueva Jersey, este articulo trata la rela­cion entre Octavio Paz y Elena Garro a traves del viaje epistolar de Paz con su futura esposa durante la segunda mitad de los treinta y la primera mitad de la decada siguiente, periodo que marca el noviazgo y matrimonio de la pareja asi como el curso de sus desavenencias. A traves del analisis de las cartas se descu­ bren los rasgos de personalidad de ambos protagonistas asi como sus ideas y parametros morales, culturales y esteticos.
Fostering Change: The Teacher's Role

The participation of middle school teachers in action research, team teaching, and curriculum develop ment is helping to change middle level edu cation. But what exactly is the role of the teacher in systemic change? The following documents and journal articles provide per spectives on, and examples of, teacher involvement in change. For more informa tion on teaching at the middle level, contact the ERIC Clearinghouse on Teaching and Teacher Education, American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE), One Dupont Circle, NW, Suite 610, Washington, DC 20036-1186; telephone 1 800-822-9229 (ericsp@inet.ed.gov).
Peace education: international perspectives

This is a book that, as its title promises, gives us information about peace education all over the world. Prospective readers should be aware of two important features of the book: first, it views...
Thermochemistry of Polybenzimidazole Foams

Abstract : Results are presented of a study of an automatic polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer. This study included an analysis of the low-boiling, high-boiling, and solid residue fractions resulting from the pyrolysis and nonflaming oxidative degradation of PBI polymer at temperatures up to 1000 deg C. Both pyrolysis and nonflaming combustion were carried out in a thermoanalyzer, and the effluent gases were trapped on a porous polymer adsorbent. The degradation process was quenched at several intermediate temperatures and the volatile products were analyzed using gas chromatagraphic-mass spectrometric techniques. The solid residues and the virgin polymer were characterized by elemental analysis, and the high-boiling fraction was investigated by chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. jg p3