cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of a Faith-Based Psychoeducational Approach to Forgiveness for Christians

A psychoeducation program that aimed to enhance Christian adults' forgiveness capability was developed, delivered, and evaluated. Eighty-one individuals participated in an 8-hr seminar over 2 days that presented forgiveness from a perspective of physical, spiritual, emotional, and relational wholeness. A mixed method approach utilized the Enright Forgiveness Inventory, the State-Trait Anger Index, an analog pain scale, and intensive interviews to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. Participants reported significant improvement in their ability to forgive, along with decreased anger and pain regarding a specific forgiveness issue. Implications for research and practice are given.
Preventing the Mistraining of Anomaly-Based IDSs through Ensemble Systems

The security of cloud networks is heavily contingent upon their ability to detect incoming attacks. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) monitors a network for precisely this purpose. IDSs fall into one of two categories: signature-based and anomaly-based IDSs. Whereas signature-based IDSs rely upon pre-programmed matching rules designed by security experts and are therefore limited to pre-existing attacks in their coverage, anomaly-based IDSs attempt to identify normal and abnormal traffic, generally using machine learning, and therefore hold the promise of being able to identify novel attacks. Anomaly-based IDSs can be divided into IDSs that are trained online and IDSs that are trained offline. While IDSs that are trained online allow greater flexibility, such IDSs could be trained by an adversary to allow specific attacks. This work-in-progress paper proposes a methodology for protecting against the mistraining of an IDS trained online. Two IDSs begin with identical rule sets, but one is allowed to adjust its data to include online data while the other remains static. Both systems can report anomalies, and if the online IDS attempts to let through too much that the offline IDS does not, the decision boundaries of the online IDS are adjusted as a safeguard against mistraining. An experiment for testing the approach is proposed.
A controlled comparison of brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) and digital pulse amplitude tonometry (PAT) in the assessment of endothelial function in systemic lupus erythematosus

The utility of flow mediated dilation (FMD) a measure of endothelial function is limited by operator dependence. Pulse amplitude tonometry (PAT) is a novel, less operator-dependent technique to assess endothelial function. This study compares PAT to FMD in SLE and controls. Thirty women with SLE and 31 controls were enrolled. Medications, cardiovascular disease and risk factors, SLE activity (SLAM-R) and damage (SLICC-DI) were recorded. FMD and PAT were performed simultaneously. Endothelium-independent function was assessed with nitroglycerin. Average age was 48.3 +/- 10.1 years, SLE duration 16.2 years, SLAM-R 8.3 and SLICC-DI 1.0. Framingham Risk Scores were < or =2% in most subjects. There were no differences between SLE cases and controls in FMD, PAT or response to nitroglycerin. This study found no association between FMD and PAT in SLE or controls. In the 17 SLE cases with a history of Raynaud's, correlation between FMD and PAT was 0.50 (P = 0.04). There was no difference in endothelial function assessed by FMD or PAT in SLE cases versus controls. FMD did not correlate with PAT except in SLE cases with a history of Raynaud's. Correlation between FMD and PAT may be stronger in populations with greater variation in endothelial function and more cardiovascular risk factors.
Risk Screening for Adverse Outcomes in Subacute Care

Purpose of this study was to identify variables near hospital admission that could identify patients at risk for placement, death, or readmission. The goals were to assess sensitivity and specificity of screening strategies in predicting adverse outcomes that deter or affect home health care. We evaluated whether generic screens might efficiently identify type of outcome. Criteria reported in the literature were used to predict outcomes for 1,332 admissions. Factors that discriminated type of outcome included comorbidity, mental status, living arrangement, transfer to special care, prior admission, iatrogenic trauma, and pending litigation. We conclude risk scores can accurately predict outcome of hospital treatment, which may be useful in targeting patients for intervention. Using billing data, although rather insensitive, was the most cost-effective strategy.
Burn injury exacerbates hemodynamic and metabolic responses in rats with polymicrobial sepsis

The most common and life-threatening complication of severe burn injury is infection, which often results in multiple organ failure (MOF). However, the mechanism of development of MOF after burn injury associated with infection is not fully understood. Our previous studies showed that when polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are depleted, burn injury-induced increase in microvascular permeability to albumin is markedly attenuated. Thus, we hypothesized that the combination of burn injury and polymicrobial infection exacerbates PMN activation, increases intestinal microvascular permeability to albumin, and alters hemodynamics and metabolism more than burn injury or infection alone. Sprague-Dawley rats (250-275 g) were divided into four groups. In the burn group, rats were subjected to a 30% TBSA burn injury. In the cecal-ligation puncture (CLP) group, CLP was performed using a 22-gauge needle with one puncture. In burn+CLP group, rats were subjected to CLP immediately after burn procedure. In sham group, rats were subjected to sham procedures. Transient polymicrobial bacteremia and persistent polymicrobial bacteremia were induced in the CLP group and burn+CLP group, respectively. Microvascular permeability, myeloperoxidase, and PMN production of elastase and reactive oxygen species increased in the burn group and CLP group and further increased in the burn+CLP group. Hemodunamic and metabolic alterations on day 1 and 3 after injury correlated with those alterations. Although there was only a low mortality in the burn group and CLP group, there was a high mortality in burn+CLP group (79%). The mechanism of MOF that leads to high mortality in burn injury complicated by infection may involve uncontrolled microvascular damage mediated by PMN activation.
Chemical derivatization of Athabasca oil sand asphaltene for analysis of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Athabasca oil sand asphaltene was methylated with different base catalyst/solvent combinations in order to find an optimum procedure for analysis of the number and types of hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups. High resolution carbon-13, fluorine-19, and silicon-29 NMR spectra were used to monitor the degree of methylation, trifluoroacetylation, trimethylsilylation, and aromaticity of asphaltene. Tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide as phase transfer base catalyst and tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane as solvent result in enhanced O-methylation of asphaltene. At least two types of acidic oxygen containing functionality have been detected, viz. hydroxyl and carboxyl (aliphatic and aryl). On average there are few, ≤4–8, hydroxyl containing groups (including COOH) per asphaltene molecule. 13C NMR lineshapes suggest a broad asymmetric distribution of acidic sites. The NMR and elemental analyses allow for oxygen containing functionalities to be included in an average molecular structure. A sludge phase collected from aqueous and hydrochloric acid extractions of asphaltene has also been analyzed. A correlation is observed between the degree of O-methylation and the dielectric permittivity of the solvent and the acidity of the substrate reaction site.
Use of liquid chromatography to measure chlorite production by Nitrobacter winogradskyi NRCC26538

A high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique, previously developed for nitrite (NO−2) and nitrate (NO−3) measurements [3], was used to measure chlorite (ClO−2) production by Nitrobacter winogradskyi. The determination of ClO−2 by HPLC involves monitoring the column effluent with a UV detector at 214 or 254 nm. Although the absorbance of ClO−2 at 214 nm was about 5 times greater than at 254 nm, interference from other compounds in the culture filtrates of N. winogradskyi contributed to an unstable detector signal. The detection limit at 254 nm for ClO−2 in deionized water was about 1 μM. The measurement of ClO−2 in N. winogradskyi culture filtrates was done with detection at 254 nm. The maximum concentration of ClO−2 produced by anaerobically incubated cell suspensions of N. winogradskyi was about 80 μM.
Simplified Inelastic Time Independent (SITI) Method for Predicting Creep

In an effort to address inelastic creep behavior for very high temperature (VHT) applications, a unified state variable material model was used in a time dependent finite element analysis to generate isochronous curves. The resulting isochronous curves were then used in an efficient time-independent plastic analysis to predict the creep behavior of components. This simplified inelastic time-independent (SITI) method can significantly reduce the geometric and load uncertainties, and the over-conservatism in predicting inelastic strain levels. SITI is an effective and computationally efficient approach for predicting inelastic strains of components operating at high and very high temperatures such as the case in the Next Generation Nuclear Plant. This work compares the SITI inelastic strains to those obtained using fully inelastic time-dependent elastic-plastic-creep analysis, and illustrates the effectiveness of the approach in obtaining creep strain predictions without elaborate full inelastic time-dependent simulation.© 2007 ASME
GENITOURINARY IMAGING IN CHILDREN

The most common pediatric indications for genitourinary (GU) imaging are urinary tract infection and hydronephrosis. Imaging for these two GU problems has changed in the last 30 years. This article will review the imaging strategy and outline which studies are usually used for specific indications at our hospital. In addition, several less common indications for GU imaging are discussed. Imaging examples from several GU abnormalities are provided including MR urography.
Clinical implications of a rising serum CA-125 within the normal range in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer: a preliminary investigation☆

Abstract Objective The goal of this study was to determine the clinical implications of a progressively rising serum CA-125 level in the normal ( Methods A multi-institutional investigation was undertaken to identify patients with CA-125-producing epithelial ovarian cancers who experienced progressively rising antigen levels in the normal ( Results Eleven patients with rising serum CA-125 levels in the normal range were identified. Original stage of disease was as follows: stage IIA, 1; stage IIIC, 10. Cell type was as follows: endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 4; serous adenocarcinoma, 6; clear cell carcinoma, 1. Of the 11 patients identified, all developed recurrent ovarian cancer. Tumor recurrence was documented either by new lesions appearing on imaging studies (6/11) or by histologic confirmation (5/11). The mean time from CR to recurrence was 21 months (median = 22, range=12–33). The mean time from the third early rising serum CA 125 value to clinical or radiographic confirmation of recurrence was 189 days (range = 84–518). All recurrences were intraabdominal with the exception of one axillary recurrence. Conclusion In patients with a history of ovarian cancer, three progressively rising serum CA-125 values in the normal range (
Genetic and physiological characterization of the Borrelia burgdorferi ORF BB0374-pfs-metK-luxS operon

The Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi, produces the LuxS enzyme both in vivo and in vitro; this enzyme catalyses the synthesis of homocysteine and 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD) from a by-product of methylation reactions. Unlike most bacteria, B. burgdorferi is unable to utilize homocysteine. However, DPD levels alter expression levels of a subset of B. burgdorferi proteins. The present studies demonstrate that a single B. burgdorferi operon encodes both of the enzymes responsible for synthesis of DPD, as well as the enzyme for production of the Lyme spirochaete’s only activated-methyl donor and a probable phosphohydrolase. Evidence was found for only a single transcriptional promoter, located 59 of the first gene, which uses the housekeeping s 70 subunit for RNA polymerase holoenzyme function. All four genes are co-expressed, and mRNA levels are growth-rate dependent, being produced during the exponential phase. Thus, high metabolic activity is accompanied by increased cellular levels of the only known borrelial methyl donor, enhanced detoxification of methylation by-products, and increased production of DPD. Therefore, production of DPD is directly correlated with cellular metabolism levels, and may thereby function as an extracellular and/or intracellular signal of bacterial health.
PTH and DA regulate Na-K ATPase through divergent pathways.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and dopamine (DA) inhibit Na-K ATPase activity and sodium-phosphate cotransport in proximal tubular cells. We previously showed that PTH and DA inhibit phosphate transport...
Power and confidence in professions: lessons for occupational therapy.

Background.Powerful professions have the capacity to obtain leadership positions, advocate successfully in the policy arena, and secure the resources necessary to achieve their professional goals. Within the occupational therapy profession, cultivating power and confidence among our practitioners is essential to realize our full capacity for meeting society's occupational needs.Purpose and Key Issues.Drawing from a historical analysis of the medical and nursing professions, this paper discusses the implications of power and disempowerment among health professions for their practitioners, clients, and public image. Theoretical perspectives on power from social psychology, politics, organizational management, and post-structuralism are introduced and their relevance to the profession of occupational therapy is examined.Implications.The paper concludes with recommendations for occupational therapy practitioners to analyze their individual sources of power and evaluate opportunities to develop confidence and ...
Reconfigurable Software Defined Payload architecture that reduces cost and risk for various missions

Harris has been delivering multi-processor based Software Defined Payloads (SDP) since 1998 resulting in a development path from RISC processor-based architectures to FPGA-based architectures. 12This paper presents implementations of Software Defined Radios (SDR) and payloads using this architecture. The modularity of this approach where size, weight, and power can be traded for increased performance is leading the way in responsive and flexible space payloads.
On the lack of good scientific reasons for the growing phylogeny/ classification gap

An increasing number of phylogenetic analyses is no longer translated into classifications. The resulting phylogeny ⁄ classification gap is undesirable because the precise transmission of phylogenetic insights depends on the frequent revision of Linnaean names. The move away from classifying has numerous correlates. These include: an expanded pool of researchers who are able to produce phylogenetic estimates, a mismatch between the properties of molecular phylogenies and the requirements for verbal Linnaean definitions, the emphasis of statistical representations over the creation and evaluation of scientific terms, and a partial disconnect between the processes of nomenclature and taxonomy. The ‘‘taxonomic concept’’ approach allows systematists to express their varying perspectives with a high precision and can therefore help reduce the aforementioned gap. The phylogeny ⁄ classification link must persist in order to ensure community-wide access to, and continued testing of, the products of systematic research. � The Willi Hennig Society 2005.
Networks and pathways in pigmentation, health, and disease

Extensive studies of the biology of the pigment-producing cell (melanocyte) have resulted in a wealth of knowledge regarding the genetics and developmental mechanisms governing skin and hair pigmentation. The ease of identification of altered pigment phenotypes, particularly in mouse coat color mutants, facilitated early use of the pigmentary system in mammalian genetics and development. In addition to the large collection of developmental genetics data, melanocytes are of interest because their malignancy results in melanoma, a highly aggressive and frequently fatal cancer that is increasing in Caucasian populations worldwide. The genetic programs regulating melanocyte development, function, and malignancy are highly complex and only partially understood. Current research in melanocyte development and pigmentation is revealing new genes important in these processes and additional functions for previously known individual components. A detailed understanding of all the components involved in melanocyte development and function, including interactions with neighboring cells and response to environmental stimuli, will be necessary to fully comprehend this complex system. The inherent characteristics of pigmentation biology as well as the resources available to researchers in the pigment cell community make melanocytes an ideal cell type for analysis using systems biology approaches. In this review, the study of melanocyte development and pigmentation is considered as a candidate for systems biology-based analyses.
QoS-Driven Power-Allocation Game over Fading Multiple-Access Channels

We integrate the effective capacity theory and gametheoretic approach to develop quality-of-service (QoS) driven power-allocation schemes in fading multiple-access channels (MAC). The effective capacity characterizes the capability of the wireless channels to support data transmission subject to the statistical delay QoS constraints, and the game-theoretic approach can efficiently handle the selfish behaviors of game users. In particular, each user allocates power in a selfish and noncooperative yet rational way, and its transmit power will be treated as the background noise to the other peer users. Under the above setup, we formulate the noncooperative power-allocation game, where each game user attempts to maximize its own effective capacity under the average power constraint. We focus on the two-user case and derive the Nash equilibrium and the corresponding power-allocation policy for this game. Furthermore, we show that as the delay QoS constraint becomes extremely loose, our power-allocation game reduces to the existing water-filling game. Also conducted are numerical and simulation analyses which compare the performance between our QoS-driven game based scheme and the water-filling game based scheme.
Heart rate and perceived exertion measures during exercise in people with parkinson's disease

This study determined the reliability of submaximal heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) at a given work rate (WR), peak HR, peak RPE, peak WR, and total exercise duration to graded semi-recumbent leg cycle exercise in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Ten subjects (one female, nine males) aged sixty to eighty- two (70.3 ± 8.1 years), with diagnosed PD stages of Hoehn and Yahr II to III partic ipated in the study. Each subject performed two maximal-effort tests separated by seven days using an incremental protocol on a semi-recumbent leg cycle ergometer. All tests were performed during the time of peak PD drug effectiveness. Repeated measures (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences ( p ≥ .05) between test and retest for peak WR, HR, and RPE, and total exercise duration. There were also no significant differences between test-retest RPE and HR values at four selected sub maximal WRs. Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed good to excellent reliabil ity for all variables stud...
SELF-DIFFUSION OF POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE) FRACTIONS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE CRYSTALLINE TEXTURE

Two somewhat separate issues have been delat with: the diffusion coefficients of various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) fractions at different temperatures; and morphological observations of spherulitic textures of a PEO mixture containing low- and high-molecular mass components at different supercooling and cooling rates. We found that simultaneous knowledge of diffusion coefficient of PEO fractions and crystal growth rate of the mixture leads to a better description of the crystal growth. As observed, the spherulitic texture of the PEO mixture comprises three texture levels: the spherulite as a whole; the crystalgrowth unit comprised of different number of lamellae in a stack; and the individual lamellar crystal. Under certain crystallization conditions, the thickness of the lamellar stack is on the same order of magnitude as the parameter δ proposed by Keith and Padden.
Lumbar MR Imaging and Reporting Epidemiology: Do Epidemiologic Data in Reports Affect Clinical Management?

Patients with low back pain or radiculopathy were significantly less likely to receive a prescription for narcotics if the patient's MR imaging report included a statement describing the prevalence of common findings in asymptomatic individuals.
LogSig: generating system events from raw textual logs

Modern computing systems generate large amounts of log data. System administrators or domain experts utilize the log data to understand and optimize system behaviors. Most system logs are raw textual and unstructured. One main fundamental challenge in automated log analysis is the generation of system events from raw textual logs. Log messages are relatively short text messages but may have a large vocabulary, which often result in poor performance when applying traditional text clustering techniques to the log data. Other related methods have various limitations and only work well for some particular system logs. In this paper, we propose a message signature based algorithm logSig to generate system events from textual log messages. By searching the most representative message signatures, logSig categorizes log messages into a set of event types. logSig can handle various types of log data, and is able to incorporate human's domain knowledge to achieve a high performance. We conduct experiments on five real system log data. Experiments show that logSig outperforms other alternative algorithms in terms of the overall performance.
Facilitating Authentic Becoming

A Model of Authentic Becoming that conceptualizes learning as a continuous and ongoing embodied and relational process, and uses social constructionism assumptions as well as Kolb’s experiential learning model as its point of departure, is presented. Through a focus on the subjective, embodied, and relational nature of organizational life, the assignment presented in this article provides a structure to facilitate students becoming more effective and authentic organizational members and self-authors. Learning outcomes also include the development of self-understanding, empathy, and the ability to engage in practical reflexivity and self-reflection. Students incorporate organizational behavior concepts and theories meaningfully into their writing and lives. Additional learning and the improvement of the classroom learning environment are facilitated through students verbally sharing their assignments in class with one another.
Bullialdus: Strengthening the case for lunar plutons

Although many craters expose materials of a composition different from that of the local surroundings, Bullialdus has excavated material representing three distinct stratigraphic zones that occur in the upper 6 km of crust, the top two of which are gabbroic and the deepest of which is noritic. This three-component stratigraphy at Bullialdus provides strong evidence that the lunar crust includes pockets of compositionally layered material reminiscent of mafic layered plutons. When combined with previous information on the compositional diversity at other large craters, these remote analyses obtained in a geologic context substantially strengthen the hypothesis suggested from lunar samples that plutons play an integral role in lunar crustal evolution.
When Is Violence Planned

We examine what types of violent offenses tend to be planned using self-report data from a nationally representative sample of state and federal inmates. We find mixed support for the idea that predatory offenses are more likely to be planned than dispute-related offenses. As expected, robbery offenders are much more likely to report that they planned their crime ahead of time than homicide and physical assault offenders. However, sexual assault offenders are no more likely to report planning than homicide offenders. We also find mixed support for the idea that domestic violence-the supposed crime of passion-is less likely to be planned than violent offenses involving strangers. Finally, we find substantial demographic variation depending on type of crime. Robberies involving offenders of lower socioeconomic status and homicides and assaults involving African American offenders and victims are less likely to involve planning.
Effect of shading on CIGS thin film photovoltaic modules

Power output of PV systems reduces when they are fully or partially shaded. Full shading can occur as a result of reduction in irradiance due to cloud cover while partial shading occurs due to nearby objects. The temporary loss of power due to full or partial shading of PV systems has been well investigated in the published literature. However, shading can induce failures in PV modules and cause permanent power loss or compromise the safety. This paper discusses shading-induced reliability issues in copper-indium-gallium-selenide thin film PV modules deployed at the Florida Solar Energy Center for over 12 years.
Revolutionary Pedagogy: Art, Culture, and Place-Based Education in an Era of Standardization

Arts experiences are beneficial, even integral, to the emotional, social, and cognitive development of young children. Public education’s current system of accountability and assessment, however, has led to the demise of arts programs across the country, particularly in poor rural and urban neighborhoods. At the same time, overdependence on mass-produced textbooks and standardized tests threatens to devalue the role of local and home culture in children’s lives. The ensuing depersonalization of education negatively impacts children’s creative self-expression, and disengages schools from their communities. This chapter examines current trends related to the arts and culture in the classroom, and suggests an alternative approach, designed to enhance learning, as well as student and teacher engagement with local art and culture, through interdisciplinary place-based education.
Reduced GABAergic inhibition and abnormal sensory symptoms in children with Tourette syndrome

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is characterized by the presence of chronic tics. Individuals with TS often report difficulty with ignoring (habituating to) tactile sensations, and some patients perceive that this contributes to a “premonitory urge” to tic. While common, the physiological basis of impaired tactile processing in TS, and indeed tics themselves, remain poorly understood. It has been well established that GABAergic processing plays an important role in shaping the neurophysiological response to tactile stimulation. Furthermore, there are multiple lines of evidence suggesting that a deficit in GABAergic transmission may contribute to symptoms found in TS. In this study, GABA-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was combined with a battery of vibrotactile tasks to investigate the role of GABA and atypical sensory processing in children with TS. Our results show reduced primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) GABA concentration in children with TS compared with healthy control subjects (HC), as well as patterns of impaired performance on tactile detection and adaptation tasks, consistent with altered GABAergic function. Moreover, in children with TS SM1 GABA concentration correlated with motor tic severity, linking the core feature of TS directly to in vivo brain neurochemistry. There was an absence of the typical correlation between GABA and frequency discrimination performance in TS as was seen in HC. These data show that reduced GABA concentration in TS may contribute to both motor tics and sensory impairments in children with TS. Understanding the mechanisms of altered sensory processing in TS may provide a foundation for novel interventions to alleviate these symptoms.
Unmasking a Role for Noninvasive Ventilation in Early Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Proposals to use a helmetlike interface for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) can be traced back to more than a century ago. Among the earliest descriptions, Brauer and Petersen,1 in 1904, developed a helmetlike positive pressure ventilation “cabinet” to be placed around the patient’s head, with an air-tight seal formed via a soft neck collar. This prescient invention garnered little attention at the time. Instead, negative pressure ventilation via the “iron lung” gained widespread use to treat respiratory failure from polio and was superseded by endotracheal intubation for invasive mechanical ventilation by the 1960s. Although the physics of various mechanical ventilation devices is similar (pressure difference between airway opening and alveolus drives airflow), the interface used can have important implications for features of mechanical support possible, access of health care personnel to the patient, and comfort of the patient that may influence efficacy.
Tracking quintuple layer oxidation on cleaved B i 2 S e 3 by optical second-harmonic anisotropy

We find that the major and minor intensity lobes of a measured rotational-anisotropy pattern of optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) from a cleaved $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}$ (111) surface can gradually change with time and eventually switch their relative amplitudes. This switching provides a means for tracking the progress of surface oxidation inside a quintuple layer of $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}$. At different stages of oxidation, we perform pump-probe SHG experiments to study charge dynamics at the oxide/$\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}$ interface and to detect spin polarization of photoexcited surface states in the $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}$ topological insulator.
Major Renal Lacerations with a Devitalized Fragment following Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Comparison between Nonoperative (Expectant) Versus Surgical Management

AbstractOf 43 patients who sustained blunt trauma resulting in a major renal laceration with a devitalized fragment 27 had coexisting intraperitoneal and renal injuries for which emergency celiotomy and repair of the nonurological trauma were done. Management of the renal injuries consisted of simultaneous renal exploration with 23% urological morbidity in 13 cases or expectant management with 85% urological morbidity in 14 cases. In this latter patient population infected urinomas and perinephric abscesses seeded from coexisting enteric or pancreatic injuries were the most common complication (57%). The remaining 16 of the 43 patients sustained renal lacerations without associated intraperitoneal injuries and all were managed expectantly with 38% urological morbidity. These findings suggest that renal exploration and surgical repair significantly improve the prognosis only in patients with simultaneous intraperitoneal and renal injuries (p < 0.01).
Complex Contracting: Introduction: the promise and perils of government contracting

THE COAST GUARD IN “DEEPWATER” In June of 2002, the US Coast Guard launched its Deepwater acquisition program, a projected $24 billion project to buy a system of boats and aircraft from Integrated Coast Guard Systems (ICGS), a joint venture between two big players in the defense industry, Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman. With much fanfare, the Coast Guard promoted the Deepwater program as a new paradigm for managing large government contracts. Instead of the rigid regulations and red tape that all too often killed contracts through a thousand small wounds, Deepwater would be a cooperative partnership between the Coast Guard and ICGS, backed by state-of-the-art management practices like performance incentives, integrated product teams, and earned value management. The contract gave ICGS broad responsibilities and discretion for achieving the objectives and desired outcomes, with the promise that better performance would be rewarded with financial bonuses and renewed contracts. Over the contract’s early years, ICGS delivered some new and upgraded assets – more powerful helicopters for sea rescue; faster ships and planes to hunt down drug traffickers; and the foundations for new information technology that would integrate all these assets into a seamless system. In May 2006, four years into the partnership, the Coast Guard rewarded ICGS for progress in meeting early objectives by renewing the Deepwater contract for an additional three-and-a-half years.
Structural flexibility at a major conserved antibody target on hepatitis C virus E2 antigen

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease, affecting over 2% of the world's population. The HCV envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 mediate viral entry, with E2 being the main target of neutralizing antibody responses. Structural investigations of E2 have produced templates for vaccine design, including the conserved CD81 receptor-binding site (CD81bs) that is a key target of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Unfortunately, immunization with recombinant E2 and E1E2 rarely elicits sufficient levels of bNAbs for protection. To understand the challenges for eliciting bNAb responses against the CD81bs, we investigated the E2 CD81bs by electron microscopy (EM), hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX), molecular dynamics (MD), and calorimetry. By EM, we observed that HCV1, a bNAb recognizing the N-terminal region of the CD81bs, bound a soluble E2 core construct from multiple angles of approach, suggesting components of the CD81bs are flexible. HDX of multiple E2 constructs consistently indicated the entire CD81bs was flexible relative to the rest of the E2 protein, which was further confirmed by MD simulations. However, E2 has a high melting temperature of 84.8 °C, which is more akin to proteins from thermophilic organisms. Thus, recombinant E2 is a highly stable protein overall, but with an exceptionally flexible CD81bs. Such flexibility may promote induction of nonneutralizing antibodies over bNAbs to E2 CD81bs, underscoring the necessity of rigidifying this antigenic region as a target for rational vaccine design.
Imaging and Outcomes for a New Entity: Low-Grade Sinonasal Sarcoma with Neural and Myogenic Features.

Objectives Low-grade sinonasal sarcoma with neural and myogenic features (LGSSNMF) is a new, rare tumor. Our goal is to describe the imaging characteristics and surgical outcomes of this unique skull base malignancy. Design Retrospective case series. Setting Academic medical center. Participants There were three patients who met inclusion criteria with a confirmed LGSSNMF. Main Outcome Measures Imaging and histopathological characteristics, treatments, survival and recurrence outcomes, complications, morbidity, and mortality. Results Patients presented with diplopia, facial discomfort, a supraorbital mass, and nasal obstruction. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography imaging in all cases showed an enhancing sinonasal mass with associated hyperostotic bone formation that involved the frontal sinus, invaded the lamina papyracea and anterior skull base, and had intracranial extension. One patient underwent a purely endoscopic surgical resection and the second underwent a craniofacial resection, while the last is pending treatment. All patients recovered well, without morbidity or long-term complications, and are currently without evidence of disease (mean follow-up of 2.1 years). One patient recurred after 17 months and underwent a repeat endoscopic skull base and dural resection. Conclusions The surgical outcomes and imaging of this unique, locally aggressive skull base tumor are characterized.
STRESS ANALYSIS OF CELLULOSIC-MANURE COMPOSITES

Ability to determine stresses in loaded, perforated cellulosic-manure composites from recorded temperature information was demonstrated. Being able to stress analyze such green materials addresses several societal issues. These include providing engineering members fabricated from materials that are suitable for developed and developing nations, relieving a troubling by-product of agricultural regions and reducing demands on our landfills. Most engineering applications of these materials necessitate knowing their structural integrity eg capability to evaluate stresses.
Impact of body mass index on the short-term outcomes of resected gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Abstract Background Potentially curative treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) involves resection with selective utilization of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A potential association between obesity and GIST has been postulated as GIST is among the most common incidental findings during gastric resection for bariatric procedures. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship and impact of obesity on the pathologic and short-term outcomes in patients with GIST. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients with resected GIST. The impact of obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, on pathologic results and short-term outcomes was evaluated. Results Sixty-one patients underwent resection with a median follow-up of 26 mo (1-129 mo). Disease involved the stomach (74%), small intestine (18%), or colon/rectum (5%). Median tumor size was 6 cm, and 13 patients (21%) underwent multivisceral resection. Median BMI for the cohort was 27.2 kg/m2, and 24 patients (39%) were classified as obese based on BMI. Nonobese patients were noted to have larger primary tumors (median: 7 cm versus 5 cm, P = 0.02) and undergo multivisceral resection more frequently (32.4% versus 4.2%, P Conclusions In this study, obese patients tended to have more favorable pathologic features. GISTs may represent another example of the “obesity paradox” in which obesity seemingly provides a protective effect. Larger studies are warranted to verify the impact of obesity on outcomes and to elucidate any underlying clinicopathologic/biologic factors.
Model based systems engineering to support failure mode avoidance for driver-assistance systems

The design and production of modern automotive systems requires addressing concerns of multiple stakeholders, ranging from regulatory to safety, supply chain and manufacturing. These concerns can sometimes make it challenging to maintain a consistent set of product specifications throughout the lifecycle. These challenges present opportunities for applying model-based methods, not only to formally capture the specifications, but also to help in minimizing inconsistencies and generating different work products that are essential to the completion of an automotive program. We present a case study where OMG SysML™ was used to support the development of a Driver-Assist Technology within Ford Motor Company. We followed the proposals of multi-abstraction and multi-view modeling to help make the process of producing the work products more effective and efficient. First, we aligned the modeling with the organizational structure by introducing multiple abstraction levels. This enabled a design team within the organization to infer what their specific constraints are, and how these constraints cascade to other levels/teams. This also enabled us to generate work products catered to each abstraction level. Second, we used multi-formalism modeling to formally capture both the structural and behavioral constraints, along with addressing concerns around failure mode avoidance and customer experience. Third, we performed meta-modeling to help incorporate the terminology and conventions from the automotive domain into our models. Our UML profile for failure model avoidance (FMA) also helps in generating the work products automatically from the model, such as FMEA P-diagrams, and interface specifications, which is very useful when working with suppliers. Overall, our approach improved traceability between work flows, and enhanced the effectiveness of design review discussions. On the other hand, the diagrams prevalent in system engineering are sometimes prone to misinterpretation and often to cluttering, which needs to be addressed to better the effectiveness of the approach.
Structural Response under Turbulent Flow Excitations

In this report three problems of random vibration are discussed. In each case the external excitation is a turbulent flow. The first two problems,an airplane flying into atmospheric turbulence and a panel-like structure exposed to boundary-layer pressure fluctuation, are treated as linear problems. It is shown that if Taylor’s hypothesis of a frozen turbulence field is valid then the calculation can be greatly simplified using a spectral analysis in the wave-number domain. However, if decay in the turbulence is appreciable a superposition scheme can still be used to retain as much computational advantage of the wave-number domain analysis as possible.
Re‐Examining Supply Chain Fit: An Assessment of Moderating Factors

Research has emphasized the importance of matching products' characteristics with their supply chain design (i.e., supply chain fit). Fisher (1997) introduced the notion of supply chain fit and indicated that before developing a supply chain firms must consider the nature of the demand for their products. I expand on the Fisher (1997) framework by offering a more comprehensive understanding of when it pays off for firms to deploy resources to achieve supply chain fit. I argue that it is simplistic to assume that perfect supply chain fit will always lead to improved financial performance because the benefits generated by perfect supply chain fit might be offset by the resources deployed to achieve that fit. In order to execute this research I use archival and survey data to evaluate the moderating effects of six dimensions of environmental uncertainty (e.g., munificence, market dynamism, technological dynamism, technical complexity, product diversity, and geographic dispersion) on the relationship between supply chain fit and financial performance.
Randomized Controlled Trial to Prevent Infant Overweight in a High-Risk Population

Abstract Objectives Infants are at risk of overweight. Infant overweight predisposes child, adolescent, and adult to obesity. We hypothesized that parent education, initiated prenatally and provided in the home, would reduce the incidence of infant overweight at age 12 months. Methods Pregnant obese Latina women were recruited at Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and randomized to intervention versus control. Intervention subjects received home visits by trained Spanish-fluent community health workers who provided counseling on infant growth, breastfeeding, nutrition, child development, sleep, physical activity, and safety. Promotoras did not visit the control subjects. A research assistant collected outcome data on all subjects. Results Compared to controls, parent education did not reduce infant overweight. Infant overweight developed rapidly and was present in 46% of infants by age 6 months. Infants overweight at 6 months were likely to be overweight at age 12 months (r = 0.60, P Conclusions The lack of success of the intervention may be explained in part by a high cesarean section rate in the intervention group, food and employment insecurity, and confounding by WIC breastfeeding promotion, which was available to all mothers. Breastfeeding was the most important mediator of infant overweight. The study supports efforts by WIC to vigorously promote breastfeeding.
Campylobacteriosis: An Emerging Infectious Foodborne Disease

Abstract Campylobacter is considered one of the leading causes of diarrheal illness in the USA and in international travelers. Even though a large number of cases of campylobacteriosis go undiagnosed or unreported, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) estimates that it is the second most common foodborne illness in the USA, affecting over 1.3 million individuals every year. Furthermore, Campylobacter makes up 8.4% of all diarrheal diseases and ranks fourth among identified pathogen that cause diarrhea worldwide. The genus Campylobacter comprises of microaerophilic, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacteria with corkscrew motility. To date, almost a dozen species of Campylobacter have been identified as human pathogenic; Campylobacter jejuni is recognized for causing over 90% of human infection. Epidemiologic surveys have indicated that Campylobacter is frequently found in raw chicken meat in retail stores in the USA. Recovering these emerging infectious bacteria from food is still a difficult task. Molecular typing has been effective in characterizing Campylobacter isolated from food, outbreak, sporadic cases, surveillance, and environmental samples. Currently, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly applied in epidemiologic investigations and transmission dynamics of bacteria causing foodborne diseases.
Population Differences in Fecundity Components in the Hermaphroditic Freshwater Snail Planorbella trivolvis

Fecundity in outcrossing species can be influenced by both maternal and paternal parents. To tease out these influences, we observed egg production in two populations of the hermaphroditic freshwater snail, Planorbella trivolvis (Say 1817). We carried out both intra- and inter-population matings between individuals from an inbred albino laboratory strain and individuals one generation removed from a natural population, and measured egg production for two 3-week periods - immediately after mating and 11 weeks later. In the female role, individuals from the albino laboratory population produced significantly more egg masses than the wild derived snails, regardless of whether they were mated to a partner of wild or laboratory origin, indicating that egg mass production is controlled by the maternal parent. Conversely, regardless of their own origin (laboratory or wild), snails mated to individuals from the wild derived population laid more eggs in each egg mass than those fertilized by sperm from the lab population. These results indicate that the number of egg masses a snail lays is determined at least in part by a maternal contribution, and that the number of eggs deposited in each mass may be influenced by the origin of the sperm donor. In addition, we confirmed a short-term trade-off between growth and reproduction as differences in egg production among mating types were mirrored by differences in body size. Further investigation into the nature of these differences will lead to better understanding of the reproductive biology of these hermaphrodite mollusks.
Introduction of Participants

The Fourth Conference on Origins of Life of the Interdisciplinary Communications Program, Smithsonian Institution, held at the Belmont Conference Center, Elkridge, Maryland, convened at eight twenty-five o’clock, Dr. Stanley Miller, Chairman of the Conference, presiding.