cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Should Organizations Be Forgiving or Unforgiving? A Two-Study Replication of How Forgiveness Climate in Hospitality Organizations Drives Employee Attitudes and Behaviors:

An organization’s forgiveness climate is pivotal in reducing negative and promoting positive consequences of errors, mistakes, or offenses in the workplace. This study examines the influence of a perceived forgiveness climate on learning behavior, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to leave. Using quantitative cross-sectional data collected from 128 hotel and lodging managers, Study 1 revealed that a perceived forgiveness climate was significantly positively related to learning behavior and job satisfaction. Furthermore, the results demonstrated the mediating effect of learning behavior between a perceived forgiveness climate and job satisfaction and intention to leave. Study 2 confirmed this finding using 187 hospitality management students who work as frontline employees in various hospitality organizations. A perceived forgiveness climate was again found to significantly influence learning behavior and intention to leave, as well as organizational commitment. The results also co...
PLEIOTROPIC EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL GENE LOCI ON MANDIBULAR MORPHOLOGY

The genotypic basis of morphological variation is largely unknown. In this study we examine patterns of pleiotropic effects on mandibular morphology at individual gene loci to determine whether the pleiotropic effects of individual genes are restricted to functionally and developmentally related traits. Mandibular measurements were obtained from 480 mice from the F2 generation of an intercross between the LG/J and SM/J mouse strains. DNA was also extracted from these animals, and 76 microsatellite loci covering the autosomes were scored. Interval mapping was used to detect chromosomal locations with significant effects on various mandibular measurements. Sets of traits mapping to a common chromosomal region were considered as being affected by a single quantitative trait locus (QTL) for mandibular morphology. Thirty-seven such chromosomal regions were identified spread throughout the autosomes. Gene effects were small to moderate with the allele derived from the LG/J strain typically leading to larger size. When dominance was present, the LG/J allele was typically dominant to the SM/J allele. Most loci affected restricted functional and developmental regions of the mandible. Of the 26 chromosomal regions affecting more than two traits, 50% affect the muscular processes of the ascending ramus, 27% affect the alveolar processes carrying the teeth, and 23% affect the whole mandible. Four additional locations affecting two traits had effects significantly associated with alveolar regions. Pleiotropic effects are typically restricted to morphologically integrated complexes.
Biotic and Abiotic Influences on Foraging of Heterotermes aureus (Snyder) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Vegetative patterns appear to influence foraging of Heterotermes aureus (Snyder). Termite attack on toilet-paper baits was greatest at sites having the most vegetative cover. However, continued foraging at an already occupied toilet-paper bait was unrelated to vegetative cover. A new statistical model was developed to analyze the effect of distance between food items on termite foraging behavior. In plots 6 by 6 m, the pattern of attack by termites was generally consistent with the null hypothesis that termites forage randomly with respect to distance between potential food sources. Seasonal variations in the numbers of foragers were consistent with previously reported data.
Bilateral Ductus Arteriosus With Isolated Right Pulmonary Artery: Long-term Results With Interposition Pulmonary Allograft

Bilateral patent ductus arteriosus and isolated right pulmonary artery (RPA) is a rare anomaly often interpreted as congenital absence of the RPA. Recognized early, continuity between the main pulm...
Preoperative Embolization of Extra-axial Hypervascular Tumors with Onyx.

OBJECTIVE Preoperative endovascular embolization of intracranial tumors is performed to mitigate anticipated intraoperative blood loss. Although the usage of a wide array of embolic agents, particularly polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), has been described for a variety of tumors, literature detailing the efficacy, safety and complication rates for the usage of Onyx is relatively sparse. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed our single institutional experience with pre-surgical Onyx embolization of extra-axial tumors to evaluate its efficacy and safety and highlight nuances of individualized cases. RESULTS Five patients underwent pre-surgical Onyx embolization of large or giant extra-axial tumors within 24 hours of surgical resection. Four patients harbored falcine or convexity meningiomas (grade I in 2 patients, grade II in 1 patient and grade III in one patient), and one patient had a grade II hemangiopericytoma. Embolization proceeded uneventfully in all cases and there were no complications. CONCLUSION This series augments the expanding literature confirming the safety and efficacy of Onyx in the preoperative embolization of extra-axial tumors, underscoring its advantage of being able to attain extensive devascularization via only one supplying pedicle.
Effect of Age and Gender on Head-up Tilt Test for Diagnosing the Patients With Suspected Vasovagal Syncope

Objective: To explore the effect of age and gender on head-up tilt test(HUTT) for diagnosing the patients with suspected vasovagal syncope(VVS).Methods: A total of 1223 patients who received HUTT in our hospital from 2008-08 to 2012-12 were studied. The patients were from 7 to 79 years of age and divided into 4 groups. Group 1, the patients ≤ 20 years of age, n=145, Group 2, the patients at(21-40) years, n=375, Group 3, the patients at(41-60) years, n=584 and Group 4, the patients 60 years, n=119. The HUTT comprised a 30 min basic phase and 20 min sublingual nitroglycerin provocation phase. According to ECG and blood pressure changes, the HUTT positive patients included vasodepressor type, cardio-inhibitory type and mixed type. Results: The overall positive rate of HUTT was 51%(624/1223) and the female was higher than male,(60.1% vs 39.9%), P=0.001. The positive rates in 4 age groups were at 68.3%, 49.1%, 48.6% and 47.9% respectively. In HUTT positive patients, there were 51.4%(321/624) patients with mixed type of VVS, 28.7%(179/624) with vasodepressor type of VVS and 19.9%(124/624) with cardio-inhibitory type of VVS. The positive HUTT reaction was influenced by the age as in male: x2=15.65, P=0.016 and in female: x2=18.84, P=0.004. For basic phase of HUTT, there were 74.8% of positive reactions started at 22.5(17.5-27.5) min of the test without age difference, P0.05; for sublingual nitroglycerinprovocation phase of HUTT, there were 81.9% positive reactions started at 7.5(5-10) min and the female was earlier than male(7.5 vs 10) min, P=0.004.Conclusion: There were age and gender differences for HUTT diagnosing the patients with VVS for their positive rate, type and starting time.
Learning policies in partially observable MDPs with abstract actions using value iteration

While the use of abstraction and its benefit in terms of transferring learned information to new tasks has been studied extensively and successfully in MDPs, it has not been studied in the context of Partially Observable MDPs. This paper addresses the problem of transferring skills from previous experiences in POMDP models using high-level actions (options). It shows that the optimal value function remains piecewise-linear and convex when policies are high-level actions, and shows how value iteration algorithms can be modified to support options. The results can be applied to all existing value Iteration algorithms. Experiments show how adding options can speed up the learning process.
What is clinical sexuality

A collage of eight overlapping themes for the definition of sexuality is presented prior to undertaking a historical overview of the rapid development of the field that began in 1970 as "sex therapy." The limitations of theory, behavioral science, and the art of medicine as they apply to helping people with their sexual concerns are highlighted.
Leadership and Sustainability

This chapter explores the inherent interconnectedness of sustainability and spirituality, and the role of leadership in honoring and maintaining this interconnectedness. We believe that unless people’s moral and spiritual qualities are nurtured and developed, the best of sustainability efforts will not work. Similarly, our political and economic thinking need to be attuned to spirituality rather than materialism—no economics is any good that does not make sense in terms of morality. After all, we are “Homo moralis” and not “Homo economicus.” We need to refuse to treat economics and politics as if people do not matter. We believe that the way to achieve harmonious living in all spheres is through ethics and spirituality at the personal level. The journey for world transformation starts at the individual level. The chapter contends that true ecological sustainability, in contrast to the cosmetic variety we see around us, depends upon our deeper understanding of fundamental spiritual values such as interconnectedness and oneness, nonviolence and compassion, contribution and selfless service.
Sheaf and Duality Methods for Analyzing Multi-Model Systems

There is an interplay between models, specified by variables and equations, and their connections to one another. This dichotomy should be reflected in the abstract as well. Without referring to the models directly – only that a model consists of spaces and maps between them – the most readily apparent feature of a multi-model system is its topology. We propose that this topology should be modeled first, and then the spaces and maps of the individual models be specified in accordance with the topology. Axiomatically, this construction leads to sheaves. Sheaf theory provides a toolbox for constructing predictive models described by systems of equations. Sheaves are mathematical objects that manage the combination of bits of local information into a consistent whole. The power of this approach is that complex models can be assembled from smaller, easier-to-construct models. The models discussed in this chapter span the study of continuous dynamical systems, partial differential equations, probabilistic graphical models, and discrete approximations of these models.
Opinion: India faces a long and winding path to green climate solutions

A little over a year ago, the global community proposed an ambitious new set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to protect the environment and enhance human well-being. Three months later, the United Nations Conference on Climate Change, CoP21 in Paris, announced equally ambitious new targets for action on climate change. Such bold commitments have been facilitated by development trends in several emerging economies. India, for one, has made truly astonishing gains: the World Bank reports that in over just seven years, from 2004 to 2011, the number of Indian citizens living in acute poverty fell from 426 million to 263 million, a reduction in the proportion of the population in poverty from 38% to <22% (povertydata.worldbank.org/poverty/country/IND; iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).
Estimation and Inference of Distributional Partial Effects: Theory and Application

ABSTRACTThis article considers nonparametric and semiparametric estimation and inference of the effects of a covariate, either discrete or continuous, on the conditional distribution of a response outcome. It also proposes various uniform tests following estimation. This type of analysis is useful in situations where the econometrician or policy-maker is interested in knowing the effect of a variable or policy on the whole distribution of the response outcome conditional on covariates and is not willing to make parametric functional form assumptions. Monte Carlo experiments show that the proposed estimators and tests are well-behaved in small samples. The empirical section studies the effect of minimum wage hikes on household labor earnings. It is found that the minimum wage has a heterogenous impact on household earnings in the U.S. and that small hikes in the minimum wage are more effective in improving the household earnings distribution.
Self-consistent spectral functions in the O ( N ) model from the functional renormalization group

We present the first self-consistent direct calculation of a spectral function in the framework of the functional renormalization group. The study is carried out in the relativistic $O(N)$ model, where the full momentum dependence of the propagators in the complex plane as well as momentum-dependent vertices are considered. The analysis is supplemented by a comparative study of the Euclidean momentum dependence and of the complex momentum dependence on the level of spectral functions. This work lays the groundwork for the computation of full spectral functions in more complex systems.
Grade II Extravasation Complicating Venous Angioplasty

Venous rupture with extravasation is the most common procedure related complication associted with venous angioplasty. This chapter discusses a case of grade II venous rupture and its management.
A Clinicopathologic Study of Head and Neck Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors

Head and neck high grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (HN-MPNSTs) are rare highly aggressive soft tissue sarcomas that show overlapping morphologic and immunophenotypic features with melanoma and other high grade sarcomas, resulting in diagnostic challenges, particularly in sporadic settings. Recent discoveries have implicated loss of function mutations in the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) components, including EED or SUZ12 genes, as one of the leading pathogenetic mechanisms in high grade MPNST. MPNSTs with PRC2 loss are associated with complete loss of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3), which emerged as a reliable immunohistochemical marker in the diagnosis of sporadic and radiation induced MPNST. As the diagnosis of MPNST in the HN is particularly challenging to distinguish from melanoma and other sarcoma types, we carried out a clinicopathologic analysis on HN-MPNST patients managed at our institution over a 20-year period (1997-2016), using the latest diagnostic criteria including H3K27me3 staining and other molecular investigations. The overall survival of HN-MPNST was compared with other HN soft tissue sarcomas. The diagnosis of HN-MPNST was confirmed in 13 patients (seven males and six females), with a mean age of 31 years; with 3 (23%) patients being of pediatric age. The most common site was the neck soft tissue (77%). Two-thirds of patients (n = 9) had stigmata of NF1, three had prior radiotherapy and only one developed a de novo MPNST. All except one tumor (86%) tested showed loss of H3K27me3 expression, including all non-NF1 patients. The 2 and 5-year DSS rates were 50 and 30%. The 2-year DFS rate was 21%. Adverse predictors on DSS included adult age (p = 0.011), prior-history of RT (p = 0.003) and recurrence (p = 0.003). Compared to other molecularly confirmed subsets of HN sarcomas (Ewing and Ewing-like sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and synovial sarcoma), HN-MPNST had the worst overall survival (p < 0.0001). We conclude that HN-MPNSTs are highly aggressive sarcomas associated with an unfavorable outcome and the utility of H3K27me3 IHC stains in the evaluation of MPNST is a reliable ancillary diagnostic adjunct.
The T2K Experiment

The T2K experiment itself is described in this chapter, including the beamline, detectors, and simulations used to predict the expected observables at the near and far detectors. A short introduction to neutrino interactions at T2K is also given, with information about the types of neutrino interaction observed at T2K and how they are used for the oscillation analysis.
Interpreting phonological memory performance in bilinguals

The central hypothesis in the Pierce, Genesee, Delcenserie, and Morgan article is that phonological memory is key to explaining the relationship between early language experience (more specifically, less and more optimal ends of the language-experience continuum) and language learning outcomes. One piece of evidence offered is that phonological memory skills are enhanced by bilingualism, with bilingualism representing enriched experience. Here, I propose that data from bilingual children may contradict Pierce et al.’s central hypothesis, rather than support it.
Preoperative evaluation of older cancer patients: Why some patients did not proceed with planned surgery.

38Background: Older cancer patients may need to make challenging treatment decisions at the time of preoperative evaluation. This study assesses the reasons and outcomes of older cancer patients wh...
Dolores Claiborne , Motherhood, and the Maternal Melodrama

This chapter examines how the conventions of the Gothic romance and the maternal melodrama in Dolores Claiborne foreground the systemic nature of women’s oppression and the abuser’s use of motherhood as a weapon, while ultimately offering female-female relationships and female violence as predictable solutions to abuse.
Cosmopolitanism, Class and Gender in The Shadow Lines

(2003). Cosmopolitanism, Class and Gender in The Shadow Lines. South Asian Review: Vol. 24, Globalization and Diaspora, pp. 95-115.
Adrenal Necrosis Due to Besnoitiosis: Golden Hamster

During late acute Besnoitia infection of hamsters necrotic foci of the adrenal cortex may be seen that are as small as 1mm or less; these are irregular light brown areas which sometimes become confluent and may be accompanied by focal hemorrhage. During chronic Besnoitia infection the areas of discoloration are larger and may exceed the size of the normal hamster adrenal gland. Liver and spleen may become adherent to the adrenal (Fig. 519).
Normal ranges for left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes from electrocardiographically gated 82Rb cardiac PET/CT using four different softwares

480 Objectives ECG-gating is increasingly utilized for 82Rb cardiac PET-CT, but normal ranges for global functional parameters have not been defined yet. We sought to establish normal values for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), end systolic volume (ESV), and end diastolic volume (EDV) using four different commercial softwares. Additionally, we compared two different approaches for definition of a normal individual. Methods Overall, 52 individuals who underwent gated myocardial perfusion PET/CT using 82Rb for clinical indications were included. Subgroup 1 consisted of 28 subjects with low pre-test probability for coronary artery disease (CAD) ( Results Mean LVEF, ESV and EDV at stress and rest were not different between subgroups 1 and 2 (p>0.05). However, there were significant differences for mean LVEF, ESV and EDV between softwares (Table 1). LVEF was comparable only for CardIQ and 4D-MSPECT (p 0.204 and 0.902 at stress and rest respectively), while ECTB yielded higher (p Conclusions The normal range of LVEF and volumes from gated 82Rb PET-CT varies significantly between softwares, and therefore cannot be used interchangeably. Definition of normal subjects by a low pre-test probability for CAD or a normal coronary CTA yields comparable results.
Computational geometric representation of x-ray diffraction (XRD) data

Analysis and classification of geologic data, such as classification of soil samples by mineral content, is an important area in modern geoscience research. Recent results from the field of computational geometry, namely the development of efficient high dimensional data structures, provide promising tools for this analysis. This project explores how 1300-dimensional data from x-ray diffraction patterns of soil samples could be parameterized and stored as points in high-dimensional space. Goals are threefold: to test the accuracy of the analysis based on samples of known composition, to explore ways of lowering the dimensionality to increase efficiency, and to provide a prototype that could be applied to numerous other problems in scientific classification.
Added value of exercise test findings beyond traditional risk factors for cardiovascular risk stratification.

BACKGROUND Functional aerobic capacity (FAC) determined by treadmill exercise testing (TMET) is associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease mortality independent of traditional CV risk factors and is a potentially underutilized tool. The purpose of this study was to determine added prognostic value of reduced FAC and other exercise test abnormalities beyond CV risk factors for predicting total and CV mortality. METHODS The TMET database was queried for Minnesota patients (≥30 years) without baseline CV disease from September 21, 1993, through December 20, 2010. Risk factors and exercise abnormalities including low FAC (<80% predicted), abnormal heart rate recovery (<13 bpm), and abnormal electrocardiogram (ST depression ≥1 mm regardless of baseline) were extracted. Mortality data were obtained through February 2016. Patients were divided into 9 groups by abnormality number (0, 1, or ≥2) and risk factors (0, 1, or ≥2). Cox regression was used to determine mortality risk according to exercise abnormalities/CV risk factors, adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS 19,551 patients met inclusion criteria; 1271 (6.5%) died over 12.4 ± 5.0 years' follow-up (405 [32%] CV deaths). Exercise abnormalities significantly modified risk for every number of CV risk factors. Hazard ratios (95% CI) for total mortality (0 vs ≥2 abnormalities) were 2.4 (1.9-2.9; P < .001) for 0 CV risk factors; 2.7 (2.2-3.3; P < .001), 1 risk factor; and 6.1 (4.8-7.7; P < .001), ≥2 risk factors. Similar results were noted for CV disease mortality. CONCLUSIONS Exercise test abnormalities strongly predict mortality beyond traditional CV risk factors. Our results indicate that TMET should be considered for CV risk assessment.
Minimum Coprime Labelings of Generalized Petersen and Prism Graphs

A coprime labeling of a graph of order $n$ is an assignment of distinct positive integer labels in which adjacent vertices have relatively prime labels. Restricting labels to only the set $1$ to $n$ results in a prime labeling. In this paper, we consider families of graphs in which a prime labeling cannot exist with the goal being to minimize the largest value of the labeling set, resulting in a minimum coprime labeling. In particular, prism graphs, generalized Petersen graphs with $k=2$, and stacked prism graphs are investigated for minimum coprime labelings.
Disposition and metabolism of N-butylbenzenesulfonamide in Sprague Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice and in vitro in hepatocytes from rats, mice, and humans

Abstract N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) is a plasticizer detected in the environment suggesting potential human exposure. These studies investigated the in vitro hepatic clearance and disposition of [14C]NBBS in rodents following a single gavage (2, 20 or 200 mg/kg) or intravenous (IV) administration (20 mg/kg). NBBS was cleared slower in hepatocytes from humans compared to rodents. [14C]NBBS was well-absorbed in male rats following gavage administration and excreted extensively in urine (70–76 %) and feces (11–15 %) 72 h following administration. Following a 20 mg/kg gavage dose in male rats, 25 % of the dose was excreted in bile by 24 h suggesting that observed fecal excretion was due to biliary excretion. The radioactivity was distributed to tissues with 14 % and 8 % of the administered dose remaining in tissues at 24 and 72 h, respectively. There was no apparent dose-dependent effect in disposition in male rats. Disposition patterns were similar in female rats (urine, 83 %; feces, 14 %) and male (urine, 69 %; feces, 11 %) and female (urine, 72 %; feces, 9 %) mice following gavage administration of 20 mg/kg. The disposition following IV administration was similar to that of gavage. Urinary radiochemical profiles were similar between doses, routes, species, and sexes. Among numerous metabolites identified, oxidative metabolites of NBBS predominated.
Tensile strength dependence of FFF fiber reinforced ABS on environmental conditioning

Evaluation of environmental durability is essential for the qualification of polymeric materials used in Fused Filament Fabrication and certification of the manufactured parts. Polymer chain motion...
Larger active site in an ancestral hydroxynitrile lyase increases catalytically promiscuous esterase activity.

Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNL's) belonging to the α/β-hydrolase-fold superfamily evolved from esterases approximately 100 million years ago. Reconstruction of an ancestral hydroxynitrile lyase in the α/β-hydrolase fold superfamily yielded a catalytically active hydroxynitrile lyase, HNL1. Several properties of HNL1 differ from the modern HNL from rubber tree (HbHNL). HNL1 favors larger substrates as compared to HbHNL, is two-fold more catalytically promiscuous for ester hydrolysis (p-nitrophenyl acetate) as compared to mandelonitrile cleavage, and resists irreversible heat inactivation to 35 °C higher than for HbHNL. We hypothesized that the x-ray crystal structure of HNL1 may reveal the molecular basis for the differences in these properties. The x-ray crystal structure solved to 1.96-A resolution shows the expected α/β-hydrolase fold, but a 60% larger active site as compared to HbHNL. This larger active site echoes its evolution from esterases since related esterase SABP2 from tobacco also has a 38% larger active site than HbHNL. The larger active site in HNL1 likely accounts for its ability to accept larger hydroxynitrile substrates. Site-directed mutagenesis of HbHNL to expand the active site increased its promiscuous esterase activity 50-fold, consistent with the larger active site in HNL1 being the primary cause of its promiscuous esterase activity. Urea-induced unfolding of HNL1 indicates that it unfolds less completely than HbHNL (m-value = 0.63 for HNL1 vs 0.93 kcal/mol·M for HbHNL), which may account for the ability of HNL1 to better resist irreversible inactivation upon heating. The structure of HNL1 shows changes in hydrogen bond networks that may stabilize regions of the folded structure.
Brain connectivity and socioeconomic status at birth and externalizing symptoms at age 2 years

Low childhood socioeconomic status (SES) predisposes individuals to altered trajectories of brain development and increased rates of mental illness. Brain connectivity at birth is associated with psychiatric outcomes. We sought to investigate whether SES at birth is associated with neonatal brain connectivity and if these differences account for socioeconomic disparities in infant symptoms at age 2 years that are predictive of psychopathology. Resting state functional MRI was performed on 75 full-term and 37 term-equivalent preterm newborns (n = 112). SES was characterized by insurance type, the Area Deprivation Index, and a composite score. Seed-based voxelwise linear regression related SES to whole-brain functional connectivity of five brain regions representing functional networks implicated in psychiatric illnesses and affected by socioeconomic disadvantage: striatum, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Lower SES was associated with differences in striatum and vlPFC connectivity. Striatum connectivity with frontopolar and medial PFC mediated the relationship between SES and behavioral inhibition at age 2 measured by the Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (n = 46). Striatum-frontopolar connectivity mediated the relationship between SES and externalizing symptoms. These results, convergent across three SES metrics, suggest that neurodevelopmental trajectories linking SES and mental illness may begin as early as birth.
Nonzero-Sum Stochastic Differential Reinsurance Games with Jump–Diffusion Processes

In this paper, a nonzero-sum stochastic differential reinsurance game is studied. A model including controls for the market share (advertising), investment, and reinsurance policies is considered. A jump–diffusion process is used to represent insurance claims. Necessary conditions that would lead to the Nash equilibrium can be found in the duopoly game we consider. Cases with and without controls on the reinsurance are discussed separately. Closed-form solutions for optimal strategies are derived by applying the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. Numerical examples are given to validate the correctness of our results.
Banking Crises and Short and Medium Term Output Losses in Emerging and Developing Countries: The Role of Structural and Policy Variables

Summary The aim of this paper is to assess the dynamic impact of banking crises on output for a panel of developing economies. Using an unbalanced panel of 159 countries from 1970 to 2006, the paper shows that banking crises produce significant output losses. Output losses are larger for relatively richer economies, characterized by a higher level of financial deepening and larger current account imbalances. Flexible exchange rates, fiscal and monetary policy, and liquidity support policies have been found to attenuate the effect of the crises.
Evaluating Platform Accountability: Terrorist Content on YouTube:

YouTube has traditionally been singled out as particularly influential in the spreading of ISIS content. However, the platform along with Facebook, Twitter, and Microsoft jointly created the Global...
"Somebody Like Me": Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Staff in Skilled Nursing Facilities.

Abstract Objective The vaccination of skilled nursing facility (SNF) staff is a critical component in the battle against COVID-19. Together, residents and staff constitute the single most vulnerable population in the pandemic. The health of these workers is completely entangled with the health of those they care for. Vaccination of SNF staff is key to increasing uptake of the vaccine, reducing health disparities, and reopening SNFs to visitors. Yet, as the vaccine rollout begins, some SNF staff are declining to be vaccinated. The purpose of this article is to describe reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy reported by staff of skilled nursing facilities and understand factors that could potentially reduce hesitancy. Design Five virtual focus groups were conducted with staff of SNFs as part of a larger project to improve vaccine uptake. Setting and Participants Focus groups with 58 staff members were conducted virtually using Zoom. Measures Focus groups sought to elicit concerns, perspectives, and experiences related to COVID-19 testing and vaccination. Results Our findings indicate that some SNF staff are hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Reasons for this hesitancy include beliefs that the vaccine has been developed too fast and without sufficient testing; personal fears about pre-existing medical conditions, and more general distrust of the government. Conclusions and Implications SNF staff indicate that seeing people like themselves receive the vaccination is more important than seeing public figures. We discuss the vaccination effort as a social enterprise and the need to develop long-term care provider-academic-community partnerships in response to COVID-19 and in expectation of future pandemics.
From Philology to English Studies: Language and Culture in the Nineteenth Century

Preface 1. Introduction: where is philology? 2. Philological awakening: William Jones and the architecture of learning 3. The Anglo-Saxon revolution: John Mitchell Kemble and the paradigm 4. The Philological Society of London: lexicography as national philology 5. The professor and the reader: vernaculars in the academy Epilogue: the closing of the phase of philology Bibliography.
Redoxal, an inhibitor of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, augments APOBEC3G antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1

APOBEC3G (A3G) is a cytidine deaminase that restricts HIV-1 replication by inducing G-to-A hypermutation in viral DNA; deamination-independent mechanisms are also implicated. HIV-1 Vif protein counteracts A3G by inducing its proteasomal degradation. Thus, the Vif-A3G axis is a potential therapeutic target. To identify compounds that inhibit Vif:A3G interaction, a 307,520 compound library was tested in a TR-FRET screen. Two identified compounds, redoxal and lomofungin, inhibited HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Lomofungin activity was linked to A3G, but not pursued further due to cytotoxicity. Redoxal displayed A3G-dependent restriction, inhibiting viral replication by stabilizing A3G protein levels and increasing A3G in virions. A3G-independent activity was also detected. Treatment with uridine or orotate, intermediates of pyrimidine synthesis, diminished redoxal-induced stabilization of A3G and antiviral activity. These results identify redoxal as an inhibitor of HIV-1 replication and suggest its ability to inhibit pyrimidine biosynthesis suppresses viral replication by augmenting A3G antiviral activity.
To IPO or Not To IPO: Risks, Uncertainty and the Decision to Go Public

We employ three views of agency theory in unison to investigate managerial risk-taking in uncertain markets. Using 124 firms that filed to go public toward the end of the technology boom (2000–2002), we explore the influence of CEO ownership on the decision to continue or withdraw an initial public offering (IPO) in deteriorating public equity markets. We find an inverse U-shaped relationship between CEOs' equity participation and the decision to proceed with a public offering: the probability of IPO cancellation in weak capital markets increases as CEOs hold too little or too much ownership. Our results also indicate that a firm's debt levels are positively linked with the IPO decision. CEO ownership and leverage intensity interact to influence the decision to take a firm public.
Action discovery for reinforcement learning

The design of reinforcement learning solutions to many problems artificially constrain the action set available to an agent, in order to limit the exploration/sample complexity. While exploring, if an agent can discover new actions that can break through the constraints of its basic/atomic action set, then the quality of the learned decision policy could improve. On the fipside, considering all possible non-atomic actions might explode the exploration complexity. We present a potential based solution to this dilemma, and empirically evaluate it in grid navigation tasks. In particular, we show that the sample complexity improves significantly when basic reinforcement learning is coupled with action discovery. Our approach relies on reducing the number of decision-points, which is particularly suited for multiagent coordination learning, since agents tend to learn more easily with fewer coordination problems (CPs). To demonstrate this we extend action discovery to multi-agent reinforcement learning. We show that Joint Action Learners (JALs) indeed learn coordination policies of higher quality with lower sample complexity when coupled with action discovery, in a multi-agent box-pushing task.
Self-testing software probe system for failure detection and diagnosis

A key problem in today's complex software systems is software failure detection and isolation given that most software failures are only partial, and if efficiently diagnosed, isolated and recovered, could avert a total outage. The probe detects failed software components in a running software system by requesting service, or a certain level of service, from a set of functions, modules and/or subsystems (target) and checking the response to the request. The objective is to localize the failure only up to the level of a target, while, achieving a high degree of efficiency and confidence in the process. Targets can be identified at different levels or layers in the software. The choice is based on the granularity of fault detection that is desired, taken in consideration with the level at which recovery is implemented. The implementation of the probe system is made self testing against any single failure in its operational components, using the idea of a null probe. The probe system has been designed, taking advantage of the latency characteristics of errors, to provide a low-overhead mechanism. The ideas are implementable in either a single or multiple computer system.
Enzyme therapy. II. Purified human alpha-galactosidase A. Stabilization to heat and protease degradation by complexing with antibody and by chemical modification.

Abstract Methods were investigated for the stabilization of human splenic α-galactosidase A (α- d -galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.22). Anti-α-galactosidase A antiserum was produced in a goat by repeated immunization with highly purified α-galactosidase A. When this antiserum was incubated at 37°C with α-galactosidase A in varying enzyme: antiserum ratios, a significant increase in the thermal (50 °C) stability and in the resistance to protease digestion of these mixtures was observed compared to appropriate controls. The enzyme was also treated with the bifunctional cross-linking reagent, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and the thermal stability and protease resistance of the cross-linked derivative were increased compared to the native enzyme treated with the monofunctional reagent, butyl isocyanate.
Cellular Localization of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase in Yeast

In cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown with glucose in standing cultures, the microsomal fraction had the highest specific activity for acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase and contained the greatest fraction of the total activity regardless of when the cells were harvested during growth. The addition of acetate did not affect the distribution of the enzyme, nor did subsequent aeration of such cells in phosphate buffer even in the presence of glucose, acetate, or succinate. In cells grown aerobically, however, the microsomal fraction had the highest specific activity and the greatest fraction of the total activity only until the cells reached the stationary phase. After this time, most of the activity was associated with the mitochondrial fraction. Finally, 3 or 4 days after inoculation, this fraction appeared to lose most of the enzyme to the microsomal and soluble fractions. Chloramphenicol, at concentrations that interfered with respiration but not with fermentation, prevented the association of acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase with the mitochondrial fraction in aerated cells, but it did not appreciably affect the large increases in enzyme activity observed during aerobic incubation. Cells grown with glucose under strict anaerobic conditions contained barely detectable amounts of acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase.
Eccrine Poroma: One Tumor, Many Faces: Abstracts

Pinkus initially described eccrine poroma as a benign neoplasm of the acrosyringium. The tumor, often consisting of broad anastamosing bands, arises from the epidermis and extends downward into the dermis. However, it may be completely intraepidermal (“hidroacanthoma simplex”), and, at times, appear to be completely dermal (“dermal duct tumor”). The characteristic tumor cell is squamoid, but smaller than the epidermal squamous cell. The cell has a cuboidal appearance with a uniform basophilic nucleus, and intercellular bridges. One can usually observe a sharp line of demarcation between the adjacent epidermis and the tumor cells. The histological sections presented are offered as evidence of the eclectic nature of eccrine poroma. The examples to be discussed include: the intraepidermal variant, the intraepidermal variant with “microcysts, the intraepidermal variant with “macrocysts” the epidermal/classic variant, the dermal variant, the pigmented variant, the irritated variant, the chondroid variant, the syringomatous variant and the focally malignant variant. Each example has the classic features of eccrine poroma and an outstanding individual characteristic. But, all are eccrine poromas. These specimens are from the Medical College of Virginia/Francis H. McMullan collection, representing fifty years of practice, teaching and service.
Parents' Perceptions of Food Availability: Implications for Childhood Obesity

Childhood obesity is an epidemic in the United States, with children experiencing chronic adult diseases and poor health outcomes. Focus groups were held with parents of children between 6–12 years of age in three different communities in Brooklyn and the Bronx, New York, to explore their attitudes and practices regarding food availability. Poor food quality and discrimination were the key themes affecting parents' food choices and perceptions of food availability in their neighborhoods. Social workers are in a position to decrease obesity prevalence by supporting childhood obesity policy legislation, designing interventions to increase parental awareness of childhood obesity and the importance of making healthy food choices, and working with parents to improve food quality and availability in their neighborhoods.
EB scheme hybrid spectral-finite element time domain method for super multiscale simulations

A hybrid discontinuous Galerkin spectral element and finite element time domain (DG-SE/FETD) method for the first-order Maxwell's equations is proposed in this study. It uses EB to replace the EH scheme in earlier research. The discontinuous Galerkin method is employed for domain decomposition. Non-conformal mesh allows not only an abrupt change of element size but also different element type across the interfaces between adjacent subdomains. Compared to EH scheme, the EB scheme has less DoFs, consequently, consumes less CPU time and memory. This new DG-SE/FETD method has been successfully applied to multiscale problems.
The electron forewake: Shadowing and drift-energization as flowing magnetized plasma encounters an obstacle

Flow of magnetized plasma past an obstacle creates a traditional wake, but also a forewake region arising from shadowing of electrons. The electron forewakes resulting from supersonic flows past insulating and floating-potential obstacles are explored with 2D electrostatic particle-in-cell simulations, using a physical ion to electron mass ratio. Drift-energization is discovered to give rise to modifications to the electron velocity-distribution, including a slope-reversal, providing a novel drive of forewake instability. The slope-reversal is present at certain locations in all the simulations, and appears to be quite robustly generated. Wings of enhanced electron density are observed in some of the simulations, also associated with drift-energization. In the simulations with a floating-potential obstacle, the specific potential structure behind that obstacle allows fast electrons to cross the wake, giving rise to a more traditional shadowing-driven two-stream instability. Fluctuations associated with such instability are observed in the simulations, but this instability-mechanism is expected to be more sensitive to the plasma parameters than that associated with the slope-reversal.
Charge Collection in Ga/Aa Test Structures

Evidence is presented for enhanced charge collection near the edges of large-area test structures on Rockwell's GaAs 256 bit memory devices when held at high bias. Simulation calculations show that such enhanced charge collection at the edges of critical structures could lead to greatly increased SEU rates in space.
Correlation between loss of turgor and accumulation of abscisic acid in detached leaves.

Mature leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (red kidney bean), Xanthium strumarium L. (cocklebur), and Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton) were used to study accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) during water stress. The water status of individual, detached leaves was monitored while the leaves slowly wilted, and samples were cut from the leaves as they lost water. The leaf sections were incubated at their respecitive water contents to allow ABA to build up or not. At least 8 h were required for a new steady-state level of ABA to be established. The samples from any one leaf covered a range of known water potentials (ψ), osmotic pressures (π), and turgor pressures (p). The π and p values were calculated from “pressure-volume curves”, using a pressure bomb to measure the water potentials. Decreasing water potential had little effect on ABA levels in leaves at high turgor. Sensitivity of the production of ABA to changes in ψ progressively increased as turgor approached zero. At p=1 bar, ABA content averaged 4 times the level found in fully turgid samples. Below p=1 bar, ABA content increased sharply to as much as 40 times the level found in unstressed samples. ABA levels rose steeply at different water potentials for different leaves, according to the ψ at which turgor became zero. These differences were caused by the different osmotic pressures of the leaves that were used; ψ must cqual -π for turgor to be zero. Leaves vary in π, not only among species, but also between plants of one and the same species depending on the growing conditions. A difference of 6 bars (calculated at ψ=0) was found between the osmotic pressures of leaves from two groups of G. hirsutum plants; one group had previously experienced periodic water stress, and the other group had never been stressed. When individual leaves were subsequently wilted, the leaves from stress-conditioned plants required a lower water potential in order to accumulate ABA than did leaves from previously unstressed plants. On the basis of these results we suggest that turgor is the critical parameter of plant water relations which controls ABA production in water-stressed leaves.
Applying Lean, Green, and Six-Sigma Framework to Improve Exterior Construction Process in Saudi Arabia

Abstract: Over the last decade, Saudi Arabia has experienced significant economic increases as evidenced by the 30% growth in its gross domestic product; furthermore, the construction industry has increased 10% in the same time period. 1,2 Due to this significant growth, the construction industry is encountering issues related to construction quality resulting in significant waste and associated environmental impacts. In this research, we applied our previously developed framework that integrates three different methods — Lean, Green, and Six-sigma – to a residential construction complex in Saudi Arabia. Our aim of this case study was to explore the application of the framework in practice to glean quantitative results and further validate the framework. In the case study, we used the developed framework to identify a significant issue related to quality and delays – final completion of 53 residential units was delayed because of failed exterior buildings surfaces. We then used the framework to define the causes behind the defects via a field investigation of the 53 units. Of the defect, construction execution was responsible for 43% of the defect, 31% untrained workers, 19% unfavorable construction weather condition, with 7% accounting for other issues. A procedure was developed in concert with the construction manager and overall developer reducing the amount of rework and waste causes revealed by the field examination and the framework. Although two steps were added to the original construction process to overcome waste causes, still save a lot of resources and reduces environmental impact. In summary, we found that the Lean, Green, Six-sigma framework increased productivity, quality, and reduced waste. Keywords: Saudi Arabia Construction Industry; Construction Processes Improvement; Value Stream Mapping; Life Cycle Assessment; Six-Sigma
Spermatozoan decapacitation factor (DF) in human seminal plasma.

Human seminal plasma contains decapacitation factor (DF) as measured by the ability to render rabbit sperm incapable of fertilizing rabbit ova. The presence of DF suggests that capacitation of sperm is required for fertilization in the human. Compared to several other species human seminal plasma has low DF potency. The DF activity sediments in the ultracentrifuge are similar to that of the rabbit.(Author)