cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uric acid in nucleic and amino acid synthesis in the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis

Abstract When uric acid-2-14C was injected into the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, it was metabolized to RNA, DNA, amino acid, and 14CO2 at the end of 2 hr. The free amino acids, lipoamino acids, and protein amino acids were all labelled with the free amino acids showing the highest specific activity. Incorporation in DNA was slight, but it was extensive in RNA; cytidylic acid showed the greatest amount of incorporation.
On kempisty's generalized continuity

We study an analogue of symmetric quasicontinuity in the case of a function defined on the Cartesian product of three spaces. Some results of S. Kempisty, N. F. G. Martin and the second named author are generalized.
The Limits of the Job Supply in U.S. Capitalism Subemployment Measures and Trends

This article raises the question of whether U.S. capitalism can provide an adequate supply of jobs for those willing and able to work. It adapts government employment indicators to estimate the extent of subemployment, a measure of the society's inability to provide a supply of adequate paid jobs its citizens, for the years from 1972 through 1999. The trend over these 28 years is for subemployment to range from 20 to 30 percent of the labor supply, tending to rise from the early 1970s through the early 1990s, and then, in the last seven years, to decline. We consider fi ve implications of these trends and draw some conclusions.
An accurate dynamic testing approach for analysing images produced by quick HIV kits

The quick HIV testing kits have become widely available to perform blood tests and obtain the HIV testing results in short period of time. However, any human errors in such tests will have a severe impact on the patients and the society. A specialised flexile HIV testing system has been developed to eliminate the human error and provide accurate testing results. However, the testing method used by this system to analyse the HIV kit's image, called static analysing kit's image method, has shown that such testing method is not very accurate. In this work, we have developed an accurate method called dynamic analysing kit's image that overcomes the problems associated with static analysing kit's image method.
Pool Boiling of FC-72: A Comparison of Two Thin Porous Coatings on Heat Transfer Enhancement

The present research is an experimental study of pool boiling behavior of surfaces coated with thin porous layers. The fluid employed is FC-72, a highly-wetting dielectric perfluorocarbon with zero ozone-depletion potential (ODP). This creates the potential for electronic cooling application. Different surfaces, including the super-smooth surface (SSS), the High Flux™ surface (HFS), and the new electrochemical deposition surface (EDS) were tested, and the test results were compared. Both subcooled and saturated fluid pools were studied. The boiling hysteresis phenomenon was studied for these surfaces under different boiling conditions, which include the fluid bulk temperature and the non-boiling immersion time. Results of the study showed that the porous-coated surface dramatically enhanced the nucleate boiling heat transfer performance. The boiling hysteresis phenomenon is more prominent on porous-coated surfaces than on smooth surfaces, and subcooling can deteriorate this phenomenon.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Relating mRNA and protein biomarker levels in a Dehalococcoides and Methanospirillum- containing community

To better understand the quantitative relationships between messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein biomarkers relevant to bioremediation, we quantified and compared respiration-associated gene products in an anaerobic syntrophic community. Respiration biomarkers for Dehalococcoides, an organohalide reducer, and Methanospirillum, a hydrogenotrophic methanogen, were quantified via qRT-PCR for mRNA and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of proteotypic peptides for protein. mRNA transcripts of the Dehalococcoides reductive dehalogenases PceA, TceA, and DMC1545, and hydrogenase HupL, as well as the Methanospirillum oxidoreductases MvrD and FrcA were shown to be similarly regulated with respect to their temporal responses to substrate addition. However, MvrD was two orders of magnitude lower in mRNA abundance. Per cell, Dehalococcoides protein biomarkers quantified were more abundant than Methanospirillum proteins. Comparing mRNA with protein abundance, poor correlations were observed between mRNA transcript levels and the net protein produced. For example, Dehalococcoides HupL and TceA transcripts were similarly abundant though TceA was far more abundant at the protein level (167 ± 121 vs. 1095 ± 337 proteins per cell, respectively). In Methanospirillum, MvrD maintained comparable per-cell protein abundance to FrcA (42 ± 14 vs. 60 ± 1 proteins per cell, respectively) despite the significantly lower transcript levels. Though no variability in protein decay rates was observed, the mRNA translation rate quantified for TceA was greater than the other Dehalococcoides targets monitored. These data suggest that there is considerable variation in the relationship between mRNA abundance and protein production both across transcripts within an organism and across organisms. This highlights the importance of empirically based studies for interpreting biomarker levels in environmentally relevant organisms.
Realistic animation of liquids

Abstract We present a comprehensive methodology for realistically animating liquid phenomena. Our approach unifies existing computer graphics techniques for simulating fluids and extends them by incorporating more complex behavior. It is based on the Navier–Stokes equations which couple momentum and mass conservation to completely describe fluid motion. Our starting point is an environment containing an arbitrary distribution of fluid, and submerged or semisubmerged obstacles. Velocity and pressure are defined everywhere within this environment and updated using a set of finite difference expressions. The resulting vector and scalar fields are used to drive a height field equation representing the liquid surface. The nature of the coupling between obstacles in the environment and free variables allows for the simulation of a wide range of effects that were not possible with previous computer graphics fluid models. Wave effects such as reflection, refraction, and diffraction, as well as rotational effects such as eddies, vorticity, and splashing are a natural consequence of solving the system. In addition, the Lagrange equations of motion are used to place buoyant dynamic objects into a scene and track the position of spray and foam during the animation process. Typical disadvantages to dynamic simulations such as poor scalability and lack of control are addressed by assuming that stationary obstacles align with grid cells during the finite difference discretization, and by appending terms to the Navier–Stokes equations to include forcing functions. Free surfaces in our system are represented as either a collection of massless particles in 2D, or a height field which is suitable for many of the water rendering algorithms presented by researchers in recent years.
Bessel function Jν( z) of complex order and its zeros

Methods are developed for the computation of the complex zeros of (½z)−νJν(z) when the index ν is an arbitrary complex number. These methods, which do not require an explicit knowledge of the Jv(z), are susceptible to rapid numerical evaluation on a computer. Beyond the interest in the zeros in their own right, these methods now make feasible the use of the infinite product representation of Jν(z) for the rapid computation of Bessel functions of complex order.
Clinically significant improvement in agoraphobia research.

Abstract Two methods of assessing clinically significant response were applied to data from 49 chronic and severe agoraphobic patients. Based on the Jacobson, Follette and Revenstorf (1984) criterion, 76% had ‘clinically significant change’ while only 49% met high endstate functioning criteria reporting mild to minimal symptomatology at posttreatment. Outcome research should utilize both methods since they address different though complimentary aspects of clinical significance.
Enuresis and nocturia in sickle cell disease

I~ National Center for Health Statistics, Seasonal Variation of Births United States 19331963, Series 21, No. 9, p. 24. 2. U. S. Department of Public Health, Education, and Welfare, United States Public Health Service National Office of Vital Statistic, Vital Statistics of the United States vol. 1, 1958-1963. 3. Feggetter, S.: A review of 1,018 cases of congenital pyloric stenosis treated by Ramstedt operations, J. Internat. Coll. Surgeons 30: 696, 1958. 4. Carter, C.: The incidence of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, Brit. M. Bull. 17: 251, 1961. 5. Longino, L., Hendren, W., and Owing, R.: Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, Am. J. Surg. 10l: 605, 1961. 6. Ravitch, M. M.: Story of pyloric stenosis, Surgery 48: t l t 7 , 1962. 7. Donovan, E., and Stanley-Brown, E.: Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 115: 403, 1962. 8. Singleton, A., and Fish, J.: Obstruction of the stomach and duodenum in infancy and childhood, Am. J. Surg. 106: 596, 1963. 9. tIanell, D.: Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, J. Abdom. Surg. 5: 51, 1963. 10. Beson, G., and Lloyd, J.: Infantile pyloric stenosis, Am. J. Surg. 107: 429, 1964. 11. Gharib, R.: The incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, J. PEDIAT. 65: 622, 1964.
Initial Clinical Experience With the Jarvik 2000 Implantable Axial-Flow Left Ventricular Assist System

In this issue of Circulation , Frazier et al1 report their initial clinical experience with the Jarvik 2000 implantable axial-flow left ventricular (LV) assist system. This report is gratifying to me for several reasons. First, I have been involved in the development of devices to replace or assist the failing heart since the 1960s.2 I am also proud that the initial clinical work with this device was spearheaded by my colleague, Bud Frazier, who has worked tirelessly in this field since he was a medical student. Most important, however, is that this work gives hope to the 1 million patients with NYHA class III or IV heart failure who either die or suffer significant morbidity from their disease every year.3 New medications have helped delay the inevitable for some patients; however, a cure for chronic heart failure remains elusive. As heart failure worsens, medications become ineffective in treating the low contractility and pulmonary venous stasis that result from the increased dilatation of the heart. For patients with serious heart failure, the only hope is to unload the ventricle and augment the failing heart’s inadequate blood delivery. The Jarvik 2000 can do just that. See p 2855 The Jarvik 2000 works differently than many other left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Most of the LVADs currently in use were created as a result of an initiative by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) to develop a totally implantable long-term heart assist system. In 19774 and 1980,5 requests for proposals (RFPs) ultimately …
Structure and Hardness of Martensite in Quenched Fe-C Steels

The exceptional high hardness of lath martensite in quenched Fe-C steels is explained by the Engel-Brewer valence electron theory for crystal structures. The theory predicts the transformation sequence FCC-HCP-BCC with FCC iron as Fe3v, HCP iron as Fe2v, BCC iron as Fe1v and carbon as C4v. Electronic compatibility requires transformation from FCC to HCP to form two separate components. Carbon-rich clusters of C4v with 8 Fe3v atoms are distributed uniformly in a carbon-free matrix of HCP Fe2v atoms. The carbon-iron clusters are viewed as particle-like, calculated as 0.63 nm in size, and is responsible for the high strength of martensite. The carbon-free region experiences shear deformation during FCC to HCP transformation leading to work hardened fine grains. Subsequent transformation to BCC iron maintains the same size carbon cluster with additional shearing deformation during HCP to BCC formation in the carbon-free region. Tempering studies of quenched martensite are shown to support the carbon-iron cluster model.
Complete amino acid sequence of a papain-solubilized human histocompatibility antigen, HLA-B7. 2. Sequence determination and search for homologies

The complete amino acid sequence of the papain-solubilized heavy chain of a human histocompatibility antigen (HLA-B7) has been elucidated. It consists of a polypeptide of 271 residues (31 333 daltons). A single glycan moiety is attached to an asparagine residue at position 86 by an N-glycosidic bond. Two intrachain disulfide bonds, arranged linearly, involve half-cystine residues at positions 101 and 164 and at positions 203 and 259. They form two loops of 62 and 55 residues, respectively, separated by 38 residues. Computer analysis of the sequence suggests the existence of internal homology between the amino-terminal portion (residues 1--90) and the region of the first disulfide loop (residues 91--180). There is a significant homology between the second disulfide loop region of the chain (residues 182-271) and immunoglobulin (Ig) constant domains and beta 2-microglobulin [Orr, H. T., Lancet, D., Robb, R. J., Lopez de Castro, J. A., & Strominger, J. L. (1979A) Nature (London) (in press)]. However, no such homology to Ig is apparent in the amino-terminal or in the first disulfide loop regions.
A Computer-Based Scanning System for Nuclear Medicine

A computer-based gamma-ray imaging system has been developed for use with rectilinear scanners. It has been designed as a stand-alone system for the small nuclear medicine clinic. Completely processed images are produced in a time short compared with scanning times. The process for correction of gamma-ray scattering in the patient and penetration of gamma rays through the collimator septa produces marked improvement in the images.
Lp and BMO Bounds of Weighted Hardy–Littlewood Averages

Abstract This paper characterizes those nonnegative functions ψ defined on [0, 1] for which the weighted Hardy–Littlewood average U ψ : f → ∫ 0 1 f ( t ·)ψ( t ) dt is bounded on either L p ( R n ), p ∈ [1, ∞], or BMO ( R n ). Meanwhile, the corresponding operator norms are worked out.
SEASAT altimeter determination of ocean current variability

An experiment conducted in the Kuroshio Current, east of Japan, has confirmed the ability of radar altimeters of precision on the order of 10 cm, such as that of the Seasat satellite, to measure the small oceanic height variations associated with geostrophic ocean currents. Changes in surface dynamic height were inferred from data gathered by air-expendable barithermographs, which had been dropped to coincide with the Seasat subtrack, for the periods between the flights of September 25 and October 5 and 13, 1978. The changes registered generally agreed to within + or - 10 cm of the height changes observed in the altimeter data.
A comparability study of 5 commercial KRAS tests

Activating mutations in the KRAS gene occur frequently in human tumors, including colorectal carcinomas; most mutations occur in codons 12 and 13. Mutations in KRAS have been associated with poor response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies. Therefore, an accurate and readily available analysis of KRAS mutational status is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate concordance between KRAS assays performed by 6 different laboratories. Forty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer tumor samples were obtained. Sample sections were submitted for KRAS mutation analysis to 5 independent commercial laboratories (Agencourt, Gentris, Genzyme, HistoGeneX, and Invitek) and to the Amgen DNA Sequencing Laboratory for direct polymerase chain reaction sequencing. The assay used by Invitek is no longer commercially available and has been replaced by an alternative technique. Results from the commercial services were compared with those from Amgen direct sequencing by κ statistics. KRAS mutations were observed in codon 12 and/or 13 in 20 of 40 (50%) samples in Amgen direct sequencing assays. Results from HistoGeneX (κ = 0.95), Genzyme (κ = 0.94), and Agencourt (κ = 0.94) were in almost perfect agreement with these results, and the results from Gentris were in substantial agreement with the results from Amgen (κ = 0.75). The Invitek allele-specific assay demonstrated slight agreement (κ = 0.13). This study provides data on the comparability of KRAS mutational analyses. The results suggest that most (but not all) commercial services provide analysis that is accurate and comparable with direct sequencing.
Comparative effects of 6-week nicotine treatment on blood pressure and components of the antioxidant system in male spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats☆

Hypertension, cigarette smoking, and nicotine augment the clinical significance of other risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases by mechanisms which are poorly understood. Since altered trace element metabolism and antioxidant status have also been implicated in these diseases, the present study investigated the interaction of nicotine treatment and hypertension on tissue trace element concentrations and select indices of antioxidant status. Spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with nicotine, via a time release tablet at an average rate of 75 micrograms/h for 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressure in nicotine-treated SHRs was significantly higher at weeks 3 and 6 of treatment than in the SHR-controls. Blood pressure in WKY rats was not affected by nicotine. Plasma and liver iron concentrations in the nicotine-treated SHR were higher than the SHR-controls and the WKY groups. Nicotine treatment did not affect plasma and liver zinc and copper concentrations or liver manganese (Mn) concentrations. Plasma ceruloplasmin activity was increased by nicotine treatment in the SHRs. Liver Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activities and glutathione concentrations, and liver and heart glutathione reductase activities, were higher in both groups of SHRs than in the WKY groups. Red cell SOD activity in the nicotine-treated SHR was lower than in the SHR-controls. In summary, blood pressure increased more rapidly in the nicotine-treated SHRs compared to the controls. The marked effects on antioxidant status observed were attributable more to hypertension than to the nicotine treatment.
Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase.

An oxidized form of ovine erythrocyte GSH peroxidase (Form C) that contains bound glutathione in equimolar ratio to the enzyme selenium is inactivated by cyanide. When Form C was treated with 1 or 10 mM KCN at pH 7.5, there was a rapid increase in ultraviolet absorption at 250 nm, S-cyanoglutathione was released, and the enzyme was reduced, as shown by inactivation with iodoacetate (1 mM, pH 7.5) and uptake of label from [14C]iodoacetate in equimolar ratio to enzyme selenium. These observations suggest that glutathione is bound to enzyme selenium by a selenenyl-sulfide linkage (E-Se-SG) which is cleaved by cyanide to release a selenol and S-cyanoglutathione; spontaneous oxidation of the selenol to a labile oxidized form of GSH peroxidase leads to irreversible inactivation.
Novel topological alternatives to the design of a harmonic-free, utility/DC interface

Circuit designs previously proposed for utility/DC power conditioning interfaces that draw a harmonic-free, unity power factor ac current have, for the most part, followed a certain topological approach. This paper discusses several alternative approaches that can greatly improve the interface's simplicity, performance, and cost. One suggestion involves the use of a dc current source instead of a voltage source. Another concerns the use of a tuned passive filter to remove the ripple from the dc system's waveforms. Results from an experimental 6 kW rectifier are included to demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of the approaches suggested.
Delayed therapy of experimental ischemia with competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists in rabbits.

N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists are effective in limiting ischemic damage to the brain and spinal cord if treatment is begun at time of ischemic injury. More clinically relevant delayed therapy has not been adequately investigated. We report the temporal profile of efficacy for two competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists in therapy of central nervous system ischemia.CGS-19755 (30 mg/kg) or LY233053 (100 mg/kg) was administered 5, 30, or 60 minutes after reversible spinal cord ischemia in rabbits, induced by temporary occlusion of the infrarenal aorta. Duration of occlusion for individual animals was varied to provide a range of ischemia for each experimental group. The P50 represents the duration (in minutes) associated with a 50% probability of resultant permanent paraplegia. Neuroprotection is demonstrated if a drug prolongs the P50.CGS-19755 significantly prolonged the P50 (t test, P = .003) when given 5 minutes after ischemia, but not if delayed by 30 or 60 minutes (P50: control, 24.1; 5 minutes...
Obesity does not increase complications after anatomic resection for non-small cell lung cancer.

Background The effect of obesity on complications after resection for lung cancer is unknown. We hypothesized that obesity is associated with increased complications after anatomic resections for non-small cell lung cancer. Methods A review of our prospective general thoracic database identified 499 consecutive anatomic resections for non-small cell lung cancer from November 2002 to May 2006. Body mass index (BMI) was used to group patients as nonobese (BMI > 18.5 to Results Seventy-five percent (372 of 499) were nonobese, and 25% (127 of 499) were obese. Preoperative variables were similar, except for a greater incidence of diabetes mellitus ( p p = 0.85). Thirty-day readmission rates ( p = 0.76) and length of stay ( p = 0.30) were similar. Obese patients had a higher incidence of acute renal failure ( p = 0.001). A complication occurred in 33% (124 of 372) of nonobese and 31% (39 of 127) of obese patients ( p = 0.59). Respiratory complications occurred in 22% (81 of 372) of nonobese and 14% (18 of 127) of obese patients ( p = 0.06). Significant predictors of any complication include performance status, diffusing capacity, and tumor stage. Significant predictors of respiratory complications include performance status, diffusing capacity, chronic renal insufficiency, prior thoracic surgery, and chest wall resection. Conclusions In contrast to our hypothesis, obesity does not increase the incidence of perioperative complications, mortality, or length of stay after anatomic resection for non-small cell lung cancer.
Characterization of the effectiveness of hexose transporters for transporting xylose during glucose and xylose co-fermentation by a recombinant Saccharomyces yeast

We have developed recombinant Saccharomyces yeasts that can effectively co-ferment glucose and xylose to ethanol. However, these yeasts still ferment glucose more efficiently than xylose. The transport of xylose could be one of the steps limiting the fermentation of xylose. In this study, we characterized the changes in the expression pattern of the hexose transporter and related genes during co-fermentation of glucose and xylose using one of our recombinant yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A(LNH-ST). The transcription of the hexose transporter and related genes was strongly influenced by the presence of glucose; HXT1, HXT2 and HXT3 were greatly activated by glucose and HXT5, HXT7 and AGT1 were significantly repressed by glucose. We also examined the effectiveness of individual transporters encoded by HXT1, HXT2, HXT4, HXT5, HXT7 and GAL2 genes for transporting xylose during co-fermentation of glucose and xylose in a Saccharomyces hxt degrees mutant (RE700A). We compared these hxt degrees derivatives to RE700A wild-type strain (S. cerevisiae MC996A) where all of them contained the same xylose metabolizing genes present in our xylose-fermenting yeasts such as 424A(LNH-ST). Our results showed that recombinant RE700A containing the cloned HXT7 or HXT5 were substantially more effective for fermenting xylose to ethanol. In addition, we found that the efficiency of transporters for intracellular accumulation of xylose was as follows: HXT7 > HXT5 > GAL2 > WT > HXT1 > HXT4 > > > RE700A. Furthermore, we provided evidence that the Saccharomyces galactose transporter system could be a highly effective xylose transporter. The information reported here should be of great importance for improving the Saccharomyces yeast transport of xylose.
Simulating interpolation search

Abstract Interpolation search is an efficient algorithm for searching ordered tables. When the entries are order statistics from a uniform distribution, interpolation search takes an average of lg lg n + O (1) accesses to locate a given value in the table, where n is the table size. By locate , we mean the following: if the value is in the table, its position in the table is found, or, if the value is not in the table, then two consecutive values straddling it are found. While interpolation search has been extensively analyzed, it has not been extensively simulated to determine, empirically, the distribution of the number of accesses required to locate a random value in a random table. A few simulation studies have been conducted for small values of n , by generating a sample of independent uniform random variables, sorting them, and performing the search. This is very expensive because sorting takes up a lot of time, especially for large tables. We use simple results in mathematical statistics to design an efficient algorithm for simulating an interpolation search that uses no more than the exact number of table entries that are actually compared with the searched value during any search. We also present our simulation results.
Temporal Memory of Interfood Interval Distributions with the Same Mean and Variance

Abstract The time of occurrence of reinforced lever responses of rats depends on the characteristics of the distribution of times from food to the next available food. Two groups of 10 rats were trained, in counterbalanced order, on two variable-interval schedules of reinforcement that were equated for the mean, standard deviation, and range of the intervals from food to the next available food, but which differed in shape. The differences in the shape of the interfood interval distributions resulted in differences in the distribution of interfood intervals, of postreinforcement pauses, the function relating response rate to time since food, and the power spectra of times of response. Quantitative timing models, such as scalar timing theory and a multiple-oscillator model, differ in their assumptions about the nature of the internal clock and the representation of time in memory. The multiple-oscillator model and scalar timing theory accounted for different features of the data.
Recent advances in the histopathology of gastritis

Summary Helicobacter pylori is now accepted as the cause of gastritis and the gastritis-associated diseases (duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and gastric carcinoma). Duodenal ulcer is typically associated with antral-predominant gastritis and little/no atrophy. Gastric ulcer and the intestinal type of gastric cancer are typically associated with extensive gastritis and widespread intestinal metaplasia. The gastritis pattern is determined by a person's acid secretory status, which is the major determinant of disease outcome(s). The natural history of H. pylori gastritis is for the inflammation to progress from the antrum into the adjacent corpus, resulting in an atrophic front of advancing injury, leading to a reduction in acid secretion, loss of parietal cells, and development of atrophy. The pattern, extent, and severity of atrophy with or without intestinal metaplasia are a far more important predictor of atrophy than the intestinal metaplasia subtype. The challenge remains to identify a reliable marker for malignancy potential.
United States Child Care Policy and Systems of Care: The Emerging Role of Quality Rating and Improvement Systems

The developmental and educational importance of high quality early care and education is well documented. The value of access to high quality care combined with the increasing demand for care has made access to high quality child care a central focus of U.S. public policy. State level licensure and national accreditation are the most prevalent strategies for promoting and assuring higher levels of care. More recently, Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS) have emerged as mechanisms for motivating child care professionals to provide higher quality care. QRIS systems are in their infancy, but are gaining popularity in several states. The future of these ratings systems will be determined by their predictive validity in improving observed levels of care, and ultimately in improved child outcomes. Strategically planned and rigorously designed research is needed to validate the use of these potentially effective rating systems.
Peak wind power statistics

Probability distribution functions, mean upcrossing rates and other descriptors are developed for the power than can be potentially extracted from the wind. Wind power is proportional to the cube of the wind velocity. The wind velocity is modeled as a stationary Gaussian process. The distribution of the extreme power is developed from mean upcrossing rates and the assumption that crossings of high thresholds follow a Poisson probability law. The results obtained are valid for any amount of the mean wind speed.
Cloud-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Truth Discovery in Crowd Sensing Systems

The recent proliferation of human-carried mobile devices has given rise to the crowd sensing systems. However, the sensory data provided by individual participants are usually not reliable. To identify truthful values from the crowd sensing data, the topic of truth discovery, whose goal is to estimate user quality and infer truths through quality-aware data aggregation, has drawn significant attention. Though able to improve aggregation accuracy, existing truth discovery approaches fail to take into consideration an important issue in their design, i.e., the protection of individual users' private information. In this paper, we propose a novel cloud-enabled privacy-preserving truth discovery (PPTD) framework for crowd sensing systems, which can achieve the protection of not only users' sensory data but also their reliability scores derived by the truth discovery approaches. The key idea of the proposed framework is to perform weighted aggregation on users' encrypted data using homomorphic cryptosystem. In order to deal with large-scale data, we also propose to parallelize PPTD with MapReduce framework. Through extensive experiments on not only synthetic data but also real world crowd sensing systems, we justify the guarantee of strong privacy and high accuracy of our proposed framework.
VVER-440 and VVER-1000 Reactor Dosimetry Benchmark —BUGLE-96 Versus ALPAN VII.0

Analytical results of the vodo-vodyanoi energetichesky reactor- (VVER-) 440 and VVER-1000 reactor dosimetry benchmarks developed from engineering mockups at the Nuclear Research Institute Rez LR-0 reactor are discussed. These benchmarks provide accurate determination of radiation field parameters in the vicinity and over the thickness of the reactor pressure vessel. Measurements are compared to calculated results with two sets of tools: TORT discrete ordinates code and BUGLE-96 cross-section library versus the newly Westinghouse-developed RAPTOR-M3G and ALPAN VII.0. The parallel code RAPTOR-M3G enables detailed neutron distributions in energy and space in reduced computational time. ALPAN VII.0 cross-section library is based on ENDF/B-VII.0 and is designed for reactor dosimetry applications. It uses a unique broad group structure to enhance resolution in thermal-neutron-energy range compared to other analogous libraries. The comparison of fast neutron (E > 0.5 MeV) results shows good agreement (within 10 %) between BUGLE-96 and ALPAN VII.0 libraries. Furthermore, the results compare well with analogous results of participants of the REDOS program (2005). Finally, the analytical results for fast neutrons agree within 15 % with the measurements, for most locations in all three mockups. In general, however, the analytical results underestimate the attenuation through the reactor pressure vessel thickness compared to the measurements.
‘Generate & test and rectify’ — A plan synthesis tactic for automatic process planning

Abstract This paper describes an automatic problem solving tactic — ‘generate & test and rectify’ (G&TR) that has been found useful for a variety of automatic process planning tasks. G&TR creates a plan in two phases. In the first, a plan is hypothesized and tested thereafter. ‘Test’ may result in either ‘succeed’, or ‘fail’ or ‘rectify’. A ‘rectify’ flag indicates that the plan is not acceptable, at this stage, but a relatively minor modification may render it so. A ‘rectify’ procedure modifies portions of the initial plan, preserving the principal features of that portion. Once a rectified plan is obtained, its subsequent testing and rectification proceed recursively. A G&TR application in the planning of a deep-drawing process outline is described. It substantiates significant aspects of G&TR: a knowledge base in which the rules are grouped along G&TR stages and commensurate search mechanisms, a test that is capable of issuing a ‘rectify’ diagnosis and a set of rules that extract main features of the plan, which would be preserved during rectification. Generic nature of G&TR is not theoretically provable but candidate domains and problems in which it may be useful are briefly outlined.
Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Through the Use of Functionalized Carbon-Nanotube-Reactive Polymer Composites

We report on a new principle yielding enhanced electromagnetic shielding, using as an example a composite comprised of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) integrated with a reactive ethylene terpolymer (RET). Such composites were synthesized through the chemical reaction of the functional groups on the CNT with the epoxy linkage of the RET polymer. The main advantages of these composites include good dispersion with low electrical percolation volume fractions (~0.1 volume%), yielding outstanding microwave shielding efficiency for electromagnetic interference applications. The shielding effectiveness was characterized for both single-walled and multiwalled CNT-based composites and was much enhanced in the former. The specific roles of absorption and reflection in determining the total shielding, as a function of the nanotube filling fraction, is also discussed.
Multi-class classification via subspace modeling

Aiming to build a satisfactory supervised classifier, this paper proposes a Multi-class Subspace Modeling (MSM) classification framework. The framework consists of three parts, namely Principal Component Classifier Training Array, Principal Component Classifier Testing Array, and Label Coordinator. The role of Principal Component Classifier Training Array is to get a set of optimized parameters and principal components from each subspace-based training classifier and pass them to the corresponding subspace-based testing classifier in Principal Component Classifier Testing Array. In each subspace-based training classifier, the instances are projected from the original space into the principal component (PC) subspace, where a PC selection method is developed and applied to construct the PC subspace. In Principal Component Classifier Testing Array, each subspace-based testing classifier will utilize the parameters and PCs from its corresponding subspace-based training classifier to determine whether to assign its class label to the instances. Since one instance may be assigned zero or more than one label by the Principal Component Classifier Testing Array, the Label Coordinator is designed to coordinate the final class label of an instance according to its Attaching Proportion (AP) values towards multiple classes. To evaluate the classification accuracy, 10 rounds of 3-fold cross-validation are conducted and many popular classification algorithms (like SVM, Decision Trees, Multi-layer Perceptron, Logistic, etc.) are served as comparative peers. Experimental results show that our proposed MSM classification framework outperforms those compared classifiers in 10 data sets, among which 8 of them hold a confidence level of significance higher than 99.5%. In addition, our framework shows its ability of handling imbalanced data set. Finally, a demo is built to display the accuracy and detailed information of the classification.
Optical anomalous dispersion of helium

On the basis of a semiclassical approach, the dynamic polarizability and the index of refraction of helium near 11S–21P resonance are calculated. The steady-state solution of the Schrodinger equation used is well behaved at resonance; hence the decay width, in the Weisskopf and Wigner theory, need not be introduced. The result agrees, in essence, with the results of the Weisskopf and Wigner theory if the irradiance is weak. For great irradiance, the results differ significantly over a broad range of frequencies.
Characterization of self-assembled monolayers of fullerene derivatives on gold surfaces: implications for device evaluations.

The widely employed approach to self-assembly of fullerene derivatives on gold can be complicated due to multilayer formations and head-to-tail assemblies resulting from the strong fullerene−fullerene and fullerene−gold interactions. These anomalies were not examined in detail in previous studies on fullerene self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) but were clearly detected in the present work using surface characterization techniques including ellipsometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This is the first time that SAMs prepared from fullerene derivatives of thiols/thiol esters/disulfides have been analyzed in detail, and the complications due to multilayer formations and head-to-tail assemblies were revealed. Specifically, we designed and synthesized several fullerene derivatives based on thiols, thiol acetates, and disulfides to address the characterization requirements, and these are described and delineated. These studies specifically address the need to properly charac...
Microbial corrosion as a manifestation of technogenesis in biofilms formed on surfaces of underground structures

It is established that the place of formation of an aggressive microbial aggregate is a ferrosphere, which is a soil zone with a thickness to 3 mm contacting directly with the surface of an underground structure. In essence, it is a biofilm in which the biogeochemical activity of corrosion-inducing bacteria manifests itself and the development of electrochemical processes is accelerated. It is shown that, in a biofilm, population changes in bacteria of certain physiological groups, namely, sulfate-reducing, denitrifying, and iron-reducing bacteria, occur. Original data of the formation of sulfate-reducing bacteria in a biofilm at the place of contact with the metal of a binary layer in the form pyrotine and pyrite are obtained. We investigate the architectonics of mono- and binary biofilms formed by destructor bacteria of protective coatings. Using the method of confocal laser scanning microscopy, it is established that, in the basal part of the binary biofilm, on the surface of a butyl-rubber layer of the coating, bacteria of the genus Arthrobacter, which accelerate its degradation, are located. An efficient method of protection of materials from microbial damages is the introduction of biocide, which coagulates proteins and oxidizes sulfhydryl groups in structures of proteins, into their composition, which leads to the death of cells of microorganisms.
Strategic information systems planning with box structures

Strategic information systems planning (SISP) is the process of aligning an organization's business strategy with effective computer based information systems to achieve critical business objectives. SISP is a top concern of major executives and considerable resources (time and money) are spent in SISP activities. Many SISP initiatives are not successful due to the difficulty of implementing the recommendations. A significant problem is the specification gap between the description of the recommended systems and the detail needed for actual system implementation. Existing SISP methods do not provide sufficiently rigorous representations to specify detailed system recommendations. Box structures are proposed as a solution to this problem and a SISP process with embedded box structure methods is presented. We have used this innovative process in two SISP projects with large organizations. Partial results from one of the projects are presented as a case study to illustrate the use of box structures and their benefits.
Association and Linkage of the Dopamine Transporter Gene and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: Heterogeneity owing to Diagnostic Subtype and Severity

Summary Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects ∼3%–5% of children in the United States. In the current psychiatric nomenclature, ADHD comprises three subtypes: inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined. In this study, we used four analytic strategies to examine the association and linkage of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) and ADHD. Our sample included 122 children referred to psychiatric clinics for behavioral and learning problems that included but were not limited to ADHD, as well as their parents and siblings. Within-family analyses of linkage disequilibrium, using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), confirmed the 480-bp allele as the high-risk allele. In between-family association analyses, levels of hyperactive-impulsive symptoms but not inattentive symptoms were related to the number of DAT1 high-risk alleles. Siblings discordant for the number of DAT1 high-risk alleles differed markedly in their levels of both hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive symptoms, such that the sibling with the higher number of high-risk alleles had much higher symptom levels. Within-family analyses of linkage disequilibrium, using the TDT, suggested association and linkage of ADHD with DAT1 and that this relation was especially strong with the combined but not the inattentive subtype. The relation of DAT1 to ADHD increased monotonically, from low to medium to high levels of symptom severity. Our results replicate and extend previous findings of the association between the DAT1 gene and childhood ADHD. This represents one of the first replicated relations of a candidate gene and a psychiatric disorder in children.
Bioinformatic feedback: performer bio-data as a driver for real-time composition

This paper describes a software system using bioinformatic data recorded from a performer in real-time as a probabilistic driver for the composition and subsequent real-time generation of traditionally notated musical scores. To facilitate the generation and presentation of musical scores to a performer, the system makes use of a custom LilyPond output parser, a set of Java classes running within Cycling '74's MAX environment for data analysis and score generation, and an Atmel AT-Mega16 micro-processor capable of converting analog bioinformatic sensor data into Open Sound Control (OSC) messages.
Electrodessication of a cervical heterotopic pregnancy

A cervical heterotopic assisted reproductive technology (ART) pregnancy was diagnosed sonographically. The cervical pregnancy was electrodesiccated with a Kleppinger device. The intrauterine pregnancy was carried to term.
Auditory map reorganization and pitch discrimination in adult rats chronically exposed to low-level ambient noise.

Behavioral adaption to a changing environment is critical for an animal’s survival. How well the brain can modify its functional properties based on experience essentially defines the limits of behavioral adaptation. In adult animals the extent to which experience shapes brain function has not been fully explored. Moreover, the perceptual consequences of experience-induced changes in the brains of adults remain unknown. Here we show that the tonotopic map in the primary auditory cortex of adult rats living with low-level ambient noise underwent a dramatic reorganization. Behaviorally, chronic noise-exposure impaired fine, but not coarse pitch discrimination. When tested in a noisy environment, the noise-exposed rats performed as well as in a quiet environment whereas the control rats performed poorly. This suggests that noise-exposed animals had adapted to living in a noisy environment. Behavioral pattern analyses revealed that stress or distraction engendered by the noisy background could not account for the poor performance of the control rats in a noisy environment. A reorganized auditory map may therefore have served as the neural substrate for the consistent performance of the noise-exposed rats in a noisy environment.
A Near Optimal Periodic Transmission Schedule in Bounded Degree Wireless Sensor Network

Co-operative computations in a network of sensor nodes rely on an established, interference free and repetitive communication between adjacent sensors. This paper analyzes a simple randomized and distributed protocol to establish a periodic communication schedule S where each sensor broadcasts once to communicate to all of its neighbors during each period of S. The result obtained holds for any bounded degree network. The existence of such a randomized protocol for a basic interference model is not new but it fails for a generalized interference model considered in this paper. In addition, for a network with n sensor nodes, our protocol reduces the number of random bits and the number of transmissions per sensor from Θ(log2n) to O(logn). These reductions conserve power which is a critical resource. Both protocols assume upper bound on the number of nodes n and the maximum number of neighbors \({\mathcal{B}}\). For a small multiplicative (i.e., a factor ω(1)) increase in the resources, our algorithm can operate without an upper bound on \({\mathcal{B}}\).
Automatic segmentation and band detection of protein images based on the standard deviation profile and its derivative

Gel electrophoresis has significantly influenced the progress achieved in genetic studies over the last decade. Image processing techniques that are commonly used to analyze gel electrophoresis images require mainly three steps: band detection, band matching, and quantification and comparison. Although several techniques have been proposed to fully automate all steps, errors in band detection and, hence, in quantification are still important issues to address. In order to detect bands, many techniques were used, including image segmentation. In this paper, we present two novel, fully-automated techniques based on the standard deviation and its derivative to perform segmentation and to detect protein bands. Results show that even for poor quality images with faint bands, segmentation and detection are highly accurate.