cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphological indices and otolith microstructure of Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus, as indicators of habitat quality along an estuarine pollution gradient

Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus, sampled from a transect along a pollution gradient show a trend of declining growth and physical condition. This trend is apparent in the mean size of 0-group croaker, in their recent growth rate measured by marginal otolith increment widths, in longer term growth rate as indicated by relative otolith weights, and in general physical condition as measured by an index of condition of the caudal fin. We suggest that these measures are indicators of stress associated with environmental conditions. Because croaker from different positions along the pollution gradient were distinguishable, it appears that they remain for extended periods within areas of degraded environmental quality.
Training in Geriatric Psychiatry

The objective of this study was to determine the extent and the barriers to expansion of geriatric psychiatry training in psychiatry training programs in the United States. We mailed a questionnaire to the training directors of all 216 psychiatry residency programs listed with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. We received and analyzed 127 responses. Seventy-nine percent of the respondents reported having at least one geriatric specialist on their faculty, and almost half of all reported psychiatry residents take a geriatric rotation. Rates in other medical specialties range from 71% of internal medicine departments to 13% of general surgery departments with any faculty geriatric specialists and from 62% in family practice residents to 3% of neurology residents who take a geriatric rotation. Reported factors inhibiting the introduction of geriatrics into psychiatry residency programs include limited time, insufficient numbers of trained faculty, and insufficient funds. More direct funding supporting the research of geriatric faculty may be needed to stimulate the development of geriatric training.
The significance of stepgrandparents.

Research on reconstituted families has ignored the stepgrandchild-stepgrandparent relationship. This relationship was examined through an exploratory study of the quantity of interaction, satisfaction with this interaction, stepgrandchildren's perception of the stepgrandparent role, the appropriate behaviors stepgrandchildren expect of stepgrandparents, and relationship strengths. The results indicated that 1) stepgrandchildren maintain contact with their stepgrandparent beyond high school; 2) currently, the majority of the respondents wanted more contact with their stepgrandparents; 3) almost half of the stepgrandchildren rated the relationship with their stepgrandparent as important; 4) they perceived the relationship as both a personal and a social role; 5) they expected few behaviors from their stepgrandparent; and 6) the relationship strengths were rated neither high nor low. Some factors which were important to the stepgrandchild-stepgrandparent relationship included: satisfaction with the parent's ...
Protein crystallization – is it rocket science?

Fueled by initial space shuttle results, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been supporting fundamental studies of macromolecular crystal growth since 1985. The majority of this research is directed at understanding the relationship between experimental variables and important crystal characteristics. The program has resulted in new methods and technology that will benefit the crystallography community's effort to meet the ever-increasing demand for protein structural information. Microgravity crystallization results indicate a potential impact on structural biology's more challenging problems, as soon as long-duration experiments can be performed on the International Space Station.
Control analysis of mitochondrial metabolism in intact hepatocytes: effect of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are produced by hepatic nonparenchymal cells after systemic injury and have been reported to inhibit ATP synthesis in hepatocytes, which may contribute to hepatic dysfunction in inflammatory states. To elucidate the mechanisms of action of IL-1beta and IL-6 on hepatocellular ATP synthesis, we measured the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of stable hepatocyte cultures, and analyzed the dynamic MMP response following the addition of mitochondrial inhibitors (antimycin A and oligomycin) with a model of mitochondrial metabolism. IL-1beta reduced mitochondrial OUR coupled to ATP synthesis via inhibition of phosphorylation reactions which dissipate the MMP, including ATP synthesis and consumption. Furthermore, the ATP synthesis rate in cytokine-free and IL-1beta-treated hepatocytes was controlled primarily by phosphorylation reactions, which corresponds to a state where the ATP synthesis rate closely follows the cellular energy demand. Thus, IL-1beta-mediated effects on electron transport and substrate oxidation reactions are not likely to significantly impact on ATP synthesis. IL-6 did not reduce mitochondrial OUR coupled to ATP synthesis, but shifted the control for ATP synthesis towards processes which generate the MMP, indicating that IL-6 induces a metabolic state where cellular functions are limited by the mitochondrial energy supply.
Substituent effects on the binding of phenols to cyclodextrins in aqueous solution

Equilibrium constants and standard enthalpies have been measures calorimetrically for the formation of complexes of {alpha}- and {beta}-cyclodextrins with substituted phenols in aqueous solutions at 298.15 K. The study includes variation of the size and shape of the phenol, the size and degree of methylation of the cyclodextrin, and the effects of pH and ionic strength. Substituent effects were measured for p-chloro-, p-bromo-, p-methyl-, p-hydroxy-, p-nitro- and m-nitrophenols. The effects of ionization were studied with m- and p-nitrophenolate ions. The effects of methyl substitutions of {beta}-cyclodextrin were investigated with nitrophenol and nitrophenolate ions complexing with heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl)-{beta}-cyclodextrin and heptakis (2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-{beta}-cyclodextrin. All of the effects studied show a substantial amount of entropic-enthalpic compensation, such that free energy effects are relatively small in comparison to enthalpic and/or entropic effects, but there was no simple relationship between the standard enthalpies and entropies of complex formation. However, a linear relationship was observed between the enthalpy and entropy for the transfer of substituted phenols from the complex with {alpha}-cyclodextrin to the complex with {beta}-cyclodextrin. This relationship was independent of pH and ionic strength. In general, complex formation of a substituted phenol with {alpha}-cyclodextrin is more exothermic than with {beta}-cyclodextrin, but the entropy of complex formationmore » is also more negative.« less
CERES — A model of forest stand biomass dynamics for predicting trace contaminant, nutrient, and water effects. II. Model application

Abstract In a previous paper (Dixon et al., 1978) the ecosystem model, CERES, was described. In this paper an application of CERES is presented to show the versatility of the model and its capability to simulate solute transport. Simulation results for 10 days in May illustrate the hourly patterns of photosynthesis, leaf sugar levels and translocation. A 1-year simulation shows seasonal dynamics of biomass fluxes in plants and litter. The third simulation shows the effects of a lead mine-smelter complex on an oak-hickory forest in southeastern Missouri. Results from a 6-year simulation with CERES coupled with other models in the Unified Transport Model illustrate toxic metal effects on litter decomposition and slight reduction of root growth with the parameters chosen. Heavy metal pollutants from the lead mine and smelter complex were introduced to the ecosystem as wetfall and dryfall. The DRYADS and DIFMAS models calculated the heavy metal uptake by the vegetation and accumulation in litter. During the 6-year period, the steady annual input of plant litter and the reduced decomposition rate resulted in an increase in litter mass of nearly 50%.
Résumé of Transonic-Compressor Research at NACA Lewis Laboratory

During the past decade, the Lewis Laboratory of the NACA was engaged in intensive research on the aerodynamics of high-performance axial-flow compressors. The focal point of this program, the development of the transonic compressor, is briefly reviewed, and the basic significance of the results is discussed. Following this, a resume of succeeding experimental single and multistage investigations and analytical studies is given to indicate the scope of the work and the major results achieved. An extensive bibliography covering the research effort during this time is included.
Microstructure Noise, Realized Variance, and Optimal Sampling

A recent and extensive literature has pioneered the summing of squared observed intra-daily returns, "realized variance", to estimate the daily integrated variance of financial asset prices, a traditional object of economic interest. We show that, in the presence of market microstructure noise, realized variance does not identify the daily integrated variance of the frictionless equilibrium price. However, we demonstrate that the noise-induced bias at very high sampling frequencies can be appropriately traded off with the variance reduction obtained by high-frequency sampling and derive a mean-squared-error (MSE) optimal sampling theory for the purpose of integrated variance estimation. We show how our theory naturally leads to an identification procedure, which allows us to recover the moments of the unobserved noise; this procedure may be useful in other applications. Finally, using the profits obtained by option traders on the basis of alternative variance forecasts as our economic metric, we find that explicit optimization of realized variance's finite sample MSE properties results in accurate forecasts and considerable economic gains. Copyright 2008, Wiley-Blackwell.
Characterization of reactions catalyzed by manganese peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Abstract Manganese peroxidase (MnP) is one of two extracellular peroxidases believed to be involved in lignin bio-degradation by the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium . The enzyme oxidizes Mn(II) to Mn(III), which accumulates in the presence of Mn(III) stabilizing ligands. The Mn(III) complex in turn can oxidize a variety of organic substrates. The stoichiometry of Mn(III) complex formed per hydrogen peroxide consumed approaches 2:1 as enzyme concentration increases at a fixed concentration of peroxide or as peroxide concentration decreases at a fixed enzyme concentration. Reduced stoichiometry below 2:1 is shown to be due to Mn(III) complex decomposition by hydrogen peroxide. Reaction of Mn(III) with peroxide is catalyzed by Cu(II), which explains an apparent inhibition of MnP by Cu(II). The net decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to form molecular oxygen also appears to be the only observable reaction in buffers that do not serve as Mn(III) stabilizing ligands. The nonproductive decomposition of both Mn(III) and peroxide is an important finding with implications for proposed in vitro uses of the enzyme and for its role in lignin degradation. Steady-state kinetics of Mn(III) tartrate and Mn(III) malate formation by the enzyme are also described in this paper, with results largely corroborating earlier findings by others. Based on a comparison of pH effects on the kinetics of enzymatic Mn(III) tartrate and Mn(III) malate formation, it appears that pH effects are not due to ionizations of the Mn(III) complexing ligand.
In Situ Time-Resolved Second-Harmonic Generation from Pt(111) Microfacetted Single-Crystal Platinum Microspheres

In situ time-resolved second-harmonic generation (SHG) signals have been obtained from well-defined Pt(111) facets of micrometer dimensions formed spontaneously on the surface of Pt single-crystal ...
Augmentation of natural convection heat transfer using binary gas coolants

Abstract An investigation has been conducted to ascertain the feasibility of augmenting natural convection heat transfer rates by using binary gas coolants. In this study, a helium-rich mixture which is seeded with a small amount of xenon yields higher heat transfer rates relative to those associated with pure helium. Experimental and analytical results imply that three mechanisms are in part and, to various degrees, responsible for the augmentation. Convective heat transfer rates are increased due to thermophysical property variation induced by seeding the helium with xenon. Prandtl effects limit augmentation while solutal buoyancy forces, which are established by thermal diffusion, are of minor importance.
Systematic study of the vibrational properties of poly(phenylene vinylene) and related oligomers.

Within a two-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger-like Hamiltonian, the electronic and vibrational properties of poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and its model oligomers are investigated systematically. The stable geometric and electronic configurations of this PPV series are determined within the Bogoliubov--de Gennes formalism, with good agreement with the observed variation of the electronic gap with chain length, and the observed spatial extent of the nonlinear excitations (polarons, bipolarons, etc.). The dynamics of lattice relaxation subsequent to electron dopoing is also analyzed, and suggests relatively weak [ital e]-ph coupling in this system. The two-dimensional vibrational spectra of the PPV series have been obtained in the random-phase and frozen-phonon approximations, and certain doping-induced localized modes are identified to be either ir or Raman active. The ir, Raman, and resonant Raman spectra of the pristine and charged PPV series are calculated and compared carefully with corresponding experiments, with overall good agreement.
Excitatory and inhibitory intensity tuning in auditory cortex: evidence for multiple inhibitory mechanisms.

The intensity tuning of excitatory and suppressive domain frequency response areas was investigated in 230 cat primary auditory cortical and 92 posterior auditory field neurons. Suppressive domains were explored using simultaneous 2-tone stimulation with one tone at the best excitatory frequency. The intensity tuning of excitatory and suppressive domains was negatively correlated, supporting the hypothesis that inhibitory sidebands are related to excitatory domain intensity tuning. To further test this hypothesis, we compared the slopes of the edges of suppressive bands to the intensity tuning of excitatory domains. Edges of suppressive bands next to excitatory domains had slopes significantly more slanted toward the excitatory area in neurons with intensity-tuned excitatory domains. This relationship was not observed for suppressive band edges not next to the excitatory domain (e.g., the lower edge of lower suppressive bands). This indicates that intensity tuning ultimately observed in the excitatory domain results from overlapping excitatory and inhibitory inputs. In combination with results using forward masking, our results suggest that there are separate early and late sources of inhibition contributing to cortical frequency response areas, and only the early-stage inhibition contributes to excitatory domain intensity tuning.
Numerical solution of stiff boundary valued problems in kinetics and diffusion

Abstract Two new numerical methods for the solution of stiff boundary valued ordinary differential equations are presented and compared. The specific problem solved is that of diffusion and reaction in a char pore, where eight species diffuse and react through ten free radical combustion reactions. A new variable mesh finite difference algorithm is presented, and it is shown how existing techniques for treating stiff initial value problems can be adapted for the boundary valued case. The numerical techniques presented have general application in problems involving diffusion and stiff chemical reactions, such as occur in combustion, gasification, and reactor design.
Exotic Eucalyptus plantations in the southeastern US: risk assessment, management and policy approaches

As eucalyptus cultivation increases in the southeastern United States to provide feedstock for pulpwood, landscape mulch and an emerging bioenergy market, there is concern regarding potential invasiveness. Recently, models to predict the likelihood of invasiveness have produced conflicting results. Our uncertainty about invasion risk and the relative values we hold for environmental and industry protection will influence which management options and policies are pursued. Here we synthesize the essential practices and barriers to potential eucalyptus spread relative to different stages of the invasion process. Additionally, we offer a discussion of social and economic implications of the possible policies and regulatory techniques for mitigating future problems, with an emphasis on the often-recommended precautionary approach. We highlight future research needs and emphasize a landscape level, collaborative adaptive management approach.
Modeling the Spatial Variation in U.S. Airfares Utilizing Geographically Weighted Regression

Modeling airline fares is quite challenging due to the constantly changing fare structure of the airlines in response to competitors, yield management principles, and a variety of political and economic changes, and has become more complex since deregulation. This paper attempts to add to the literature by providing a more in-depth look at fare structure using a multivariate approach. A total 6,200 routes between 80 primary U.S. airports are analyzed using linear and geographically weighted regression models. The results from the global models reinforce some of the expectations mentioned in the literature, while the local models provide an opportunity to analyze the spatial variation of influencing factors and predictability.
Mechanism of platelet-derived growth factor-dependent caveolin-1 phosphorylation: Relationship to sterol binding and the role of serine-80

In human vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibitors of protein kinase C activity reduced serine phosphorylation of caveolin-1 and increased sterol binding by this protein. This was measured after immunoprecipitation of caveolin-1 from cells labeled with tritiated cholesterol or the photoactivable cholesterol analogue FCBP [Fielding et al. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 4929−4937]. At the same time cellular sterol efflux was inhibited. Mutagenesis within a caveolin-1 central domain (residues 80−104) suggested a major role for serine-80 in mediating both of these effects. To perturb sterol binding, platelet-derived growth factor was added to the cells, leading to a transient loss of caveolin-1-associated sterol. Under these conditions, sterol efflux was stimulated, and caveolin-1 phosphorylation at tyrosine14, assayed with a selective antibody, was substantially increased above baseline levels. These changes were also blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C activity. Selective inhibitors of the platelet-derived gr...
Lipoprotein(a) and atherogenesis.

Lipoprotein(a) is a major inherited risk factor for atherosclerosis. Many of its activities depend on its plasminlike component, apolipoprotein(a). In vitro studies suggest that apolipoprotein(a) could enhance lipid deposition through binding to sites in the vessel wall, interfere with fibrinolysis, and modulate smooth muscle cell activity. Human and animal studies will be necessary to establish the physiologic importance of these mechanisms.
Efficacy of high-energy transurethral microwave thermotherapy in alleviating medically refractory urinary retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Abstract Objectives To determine the efficacy of high-energy transurethral microwave thermotherapy (HE-TUMT) in treating patients with medically refractory complete urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods Between April 2000 and July 2003, 39 patients in urinary retention due to BPH were treated with HE-TUMT. A Foley catheter was reinserted after HE-TUMT and removed at 3 weeks for a voiding trial. Patients unable to void were recatheterized, and voiding trials were repeated at 2-week intervals. Patients were evaluated according to history and physical examination, prostate-specific antigen level, prostate volume, cystourethroscopy, International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life score, peak uroflow, and postvoid residual. Success was defined as the ability to urinate after HE-TUMT without the need for further intervention. Results The mean (± SD) patient age was 72 ± 9.3 years. Mean follow-up period was 18 ± 10.2 months. Twenty patients (51%) were characterized as American Society of Anesthesiologists class III or higher. The mean prostate volume was 75.2 ± 57.6 cm 3 . The mean length of time that patients were dependent on indwelling Foley catheters before HE-TUMT was 9.6 ± 14.2 weeks. Thirty-two patients were able to void after HE-TUMT, for an overall success rate of 82%. Patients voiding successfully after HE-TUMT had a mean of 1.6 ± 0.8 voiding trials and required catheters after HE-TUMT for a mean period of 4.1 ± 2 weeks. Only 6 (15%) of the patients who were voiding were able to stop their medication for BPH. Conclusions We found an encouraging success rate with HE-TUMT in relieving urinary retention in patients with BPH, including those with large prostate volumes. It is an acceptable option for patients who are considered high risk for surgery. Several patients required multiple voiding trials before spontaneous urination, which suggests that improvements in bladder outlet obstruction might require a prolonged period after HE-TUMT. Finally, many patients might require continued use of medications after HE-TUMT.
The argument for god from organization studies

E very so often, truth carves a wrinkle in popular culture. Not long ago, such a wrinkle appeared as the 9th U.S. Circuit Court upheld a civil suit to bar the pledge of allegiance in public schools because it contains the phrase “one nation under God.” Ironically, the suit’s objection was not to the idea of pledging allegiance to a human institution but to the idea that the institution exists under God. According to the complaint, the pledge of allegiance injures those who choose to not believe in God. This flap reminds us that today’s postmodernism declares even the surest facts to be cultural franchises. Every group has its treasury of truth. And when one group figures that there is no God, fairness requires that God be a cultural figment rather than a fact to be decided. Today, God has become a cultured preemption, something that cannot be reckoned except as it appears in this or that culture. It is a measure of today’s timid cultural relativism that hardly anyone anymore speaks of God in public. To be sure, political candidates for president are careful to affect a religious posture; but they do so deliberately and without conviction. A truly God-fearing candidate would have to shade his or her belief from media scrutiny, no doubt under cover of high-sounding talk of separation of church and state. God is supposed to have no actual place in politics. More timid than the politicians are the many intellectuals who call university departments of humanities and social sciences home. Many of these hothouse flowers draw a bold line to distinguish their ideas about humanity from ideas about God. God, they suppose, is either a personal conviction of no social moment or, worse, a device used by powerful institutions to manipulate the masses (e.g., Wilson, 2002). In the postmodern era, there are only politics. In this essay, I hope to bring God to mind and in so doing turn the table on that contemporary relativism that puts statements for and against God on the same moral and factual footing. I hope to recall an old idea that we should never have lost—namely, that God exists and He matters. To do this, I look for God in a place that might impress even politicians and university professors—the business corporation. Where
Dehydration of membrane-coated foods by osmosis.

Preliminary studies have shown that pieces of fruit, meat, fish, and whole shellfish can be dehydrated osmotically. Fifty percent invert sucrose was used as a solute; edible semipermeable membranes maintained osmotic differential and reduced solute contamination of the product. The greatest weight loss was observed with component items of high molecular weight such as meats and fish. Some of the products when re-hydrated show a marked similarity to the fresh food. Calcium pectate membranes gave the best results.
Magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography in malignant external otitis

In malignant external otitis (MEO), determining the anatomic extent of disease and evaluating the physiologic response to therapy remain a problem. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently become available in limited clinical settings. Four patients with MEO were evaluated using MRI, computerized tomography (CT), technetium-99 (Tc-99) bone scanning, and gallium-67 citrate (Ga-67 citrate) scanning. MRI is superior to CT, Tc-99 bone scanning, and Ga-67 citrate scanning in evaluating the anatomic extent of soft tissue changes in MEO. MRI alone cannot be relied upon to determine the physiologic response to therapy. MRI can, however, serve as a valuable guide to the interpretation of Tc-99 bone and Ga-67 citrate scans, and in this respect, MRI is extremely useful in the treatment of MEO.
Postbuckling of multilayered composite plates subjected to combined axial and thermal loads

A study is made of the postbuckling response of composite plates subjected to combined axial and thermal loadings. The analysis is based on a first-order shear deformation, von Karman type of nonlinear plate theory. A mixed formulation is used with the fundamental unknowns consisting of the generalized displacements and the stress resultants of the plate. An efficient reduction method is used in conjunction with mixed finite element models for determining the stability boundary and the postbuckling response of the plate. Sensitivity derivatives are evaluated and used to study the sensitivity of the postbuckling response to variations in the different lamination and material parameters of the plate. For quasi-isotropic plates, numerical results are presented showing the effects of variations in the material characteristics and fiber orientation of individual layers on the postbuckling response of the plate.
The role of the verb in grammatical function assignment in English and Korean

One of the central questions in speech production is how speakers decide which entity to assign to which grammatical function. According to the lexical hypothesis (e.g., Bock & Levelt, 1994), verbs play a key role in this process (e.g., "send" and "receive" result in different entities being assigned to the subject position). In contrast, according to the structural hypothesis (e.g., Bock, Irwin, & Davidson, 2004), grammatical functions can be assigned based on a speaker's conceptual representation of an event, even before a particular verb is chosen. In order to examine the role of the verb in grammatical function assignment, we investigated whether English and Korean speakers exhibit semantic interference effects for verbs during a scene description task. We also analyzed speakers' eye movements during production. We found that English speakers exhibited verb interference effects and also fixated the action/verb region before the subject region. In contrast, Korean speakers did not show any verb interference effects and did not fixate the action/verb region before the subject region. Rather, in Korean, looks to the action/verb region sharply increased following looks to the object region. The findings provide evidence for the lexical hypothesis for English and are compatible with the structural hypothesis for Korean. We suggest that whether the verb is retrieved before speech onset depends on the role that the verb plays in grammatical function assignment or structural choice in a particular language.
The pressure broadening of NO2 in the millimeter and submillimeter wave spectral region

Pressure-broadening parameters for 19 transitions of the millimeter and submillimeter wave spectrum of NO2 have been obtained experimentally. Results for broadening by N2, O2, and He are presented and compared with earlier theoretical calculations of the N2 and O2 parameters. A discussion of the relation between theoretical calculations and experimental measurements is presented.
An approach for wave velocity measurement in solid cylindrical rods subjected to elastic impact

Abstract Certain cross-sectional resonances of a long, solid, cylindrical rod, excited by transverse, elastic impact loading, may be measured by an experimental technique. The values of these resonance frequencies can be predicted knowing the material characteristics of the rod, but it is of greater interest to inversely solve for the material characteristics of the tested material from the experimentally obtained frequency values. In the case of portland cement concrete testing specifically, the bulk shear wave velocity of the material is important to know but difficult to measure. In this paper, the governing resonance equation will be manipulated and inverted, ultimately resulting in an expression of bulk shear wave velocity in terms of the nth ordered resonance frequency, Poisson's ratio, and cross-sectional solid rod radius. The operation is not tractable when performed symbolically, however, because of the presence of Bessel functions; therefore, this novel inversion will be achieved through the approximation of Bessel functions within the resonance equation with 2nd order Taylor series, resulting in a quadratic equation in normalized resonance frequency Ω. The roots of the quadratic equation may then be solved explicitly, resulting in two symbolic expressions for Ω, one of which is selected as the appropriate approximation. Manipulation of the selected root expression results in the desired symbolic expression for bulk shear wave velocity. With numerical examples from the literature, it is demonstrated that use of the series provides good approximation of the roots of the original resonance equation across a significant span of coefficient values and allows for sufficient inverse calculation of bulk shear wave velocity based on experimental results. The symbolic form of the inverted expression for bulk shear wave velocity is given in the Appendix.
Effects of imperfections on the performance of OFDM-based UWB systems

The use of OFDM for UWB applications is a promising choice to simplify the receiver design and to maximize the bandwidth scalability, as well as to adapt to various spectrum allocations. However, most OFDM analyses assume idealized conditions when it comes to the waveform characteristics at the receiver. A cyclic prefix (CP) duration longer than the channel delay spread, and perfect time/frequency synchronization at the receiver makes the OFDM system appear as a set of N parallel orthogonal flat fading channels, where N is the number of subcarriers in the OFDM system. This work investigates how this subcarrier orthogonality is lost when we consider common imperfections such as a channel delay spread longer than the CP, and imperfect time/frequency synchronization at the receiver. We quantify the impact of these imperfections into the receiver bit error rate (BER) and we specialize the analysis to various UWB applications. From the analyses, we see graceful performance degradation with decreasing CP length and increasing residual frequency error. The performance degradation can be much more critical for timing synchronization errors.
Decreased FoxP3 gene expression in the nasal secretions from patients with allergic rhinitis.

Objective: To determine whether patients with allergic rhinitis have altered FoxP3 gene expression and/or mutations.Study Design and Methods: We collected nasal secretions from 14 volunteers (five ...
Avvakum's aorists

L'A. examine quelques correlations statistiques entre la distribution des temps verbaux et d'autres facteurs (sujet lexical, semantique lexicale des verbes) dans des textes narratifs russes. Il examine en particulier les formes de l'aoriste, du parfait et de l'imparfait
Cognitive complexity and marital interaction in newlyweds

Although newlyweds tend to be satisfied with their marriages, they nevertheless vary in their ability to resolve problems effectively. This study examined whether problem-solving effectiveness was associated with the complexity of spouses' thoughts about their problems. Newlyweds provided open-ended descriptions of marital problems and then engaged in interactions that were coded by independent observers. Results confirmed that the complexity of each spouse's descriptions accounted for unique variance in the quality of their discussions. Moreover, results supported a weak link effect, such that the thoughts of the least complex spouse accounted for additional variance, controlling for the main effects of each spouse. These results suggest that interventions to improve problem solving attend to both the structure and the content of partners' cognitions.
Transport phenomena in wedge flows: Perturbation solutions for small mass transfer rates

Abstract A perturbation method is used to obtain boundary-layer solutions for wedge flows with small mass transfer rates. Simple, explicit relations are obtained between the momentum, heat and mass transfer rates and the interfacial and free-stream conditions. Results are given for Prandtl and Schmidt numbers from zero to infinity, and for wedge geometries fromβ = 1·0 to β = −0·163.
Close replication attempts of the heat priming-hostile perception effect

Abstract DeWall and Bushman (2009; Experiment 2) reported a study in which participants were exposed to heat-related, cold-related, or neutral (i.e., non-temperature-related) primes prior to reading an ambiguously aggressive vignette. Participants exposed to the heat-related primes judged the vignette's protagonist as more hostile than participants in the cold-priming condition ( d = 0.67) or neutral-priming condition ( d = 0.63). This suggests that people mentally associate heat-related constructs with aggression-related constructs. To test the reliability of the effect and to estimate a more precise effect size, the current studies closely replicated DeWall and Bushman in two independent samples, each of which was more than two and a half times greater than the samples in the original study (total N = 688). These replication attempts failed to find any evidence that exposure to heat primes affected hostile perceptions relative to the cold primes ( d s d s d = 0.18, 95% CI[− 0.09, 0.44]. Thus, I conclude that priming individuals with heat-related constructs does not reliably affect hostile perceptions.
Large scale motions in a manipulated turbulent boundary layer

Abstract Experiments were performed to examine structural changes that exist in a turbulent boundary layer with measured 2–10% net drag reduction obtained using a tandem arranged parallel plate manipulator (hereafter abbreviated TAPPM) . Conditionally sampled and space-time correlation measurements support a picture of approximately equal reductions in the streamwise and normal components of the large scale fluctuations, both in the boundary layer and in the irrotational ambient flow in the valleys between the large scale motions (LSMs) at 20δo. However, by 51δo, both the LSMs and the response of the irrotational ambient flow relax to approximately their unmanipulated state. Simple modeling suggests that in the valleys of irrotational fluid the motion would reestablish itself in 5δ, and it is suggested that the presence of the TAPPMs wake in the outer region inhibits the reformation of these large scale wallward sweeps sustaining the lower values of the local skin friction, Cf. Because of the thick boundary layer in the present experiment, at 20δo the TAPPMs wake has not entered the wall region, in contrast to many other investigations. At streamwise locations just before the main body of the wake intersects the wall (56δo) , a rapid rise in Cf is observed. Afterwards, a small reduction in Cf (confirmed by three independent methods of measurements) is maintained resulting from the remaining defect in the wake, which lasts until the wake is fully mixed.
The Pulmonary Artery Catheter in Anesthesia Practice

Pressures in the right side of the heart and pulmonary capillary wedge can be obtained by cardiac catheterization without the aid of fluoroscopy. A No. 5 French double-lumen catheter with a balloon just proximal to the tip is inserted into the right atrium under pressure monitoring. The balloon is then inflated with 0.8 ml of air. The balloon is carried by blood flow through the right side of the heart into the smaller radicles of the pulmonary artery. In this position when the balloon is inflated wedge pressure is obtained. The average time for passage of the catheter from the right atrium to the pulmonary artery was 35 s in the first 100 passages. The frequency of premature beats was minimal, and no other arrhythmias occurred.
Original stakes and behavior in the prisoner’s dilemma game

A 5 by 2 by 2 design was used to investigate the effects in the PDG of giving an advantage to one of the players of an original stake of 0, 25, 50, 100, or 500 points under two levels of conflict intensity. The 216 Ss were assigned to like-sex dyads. The results showed that the 25 point OS Ss cooperated more and as dyads produced fewer DD outcomes than the other OS Ss. The high conflict condition produced more defections, more DD outcomes, fewer CC outcomes, and fewer CD outcomes than the low conflict condition. Finally, female dyads had more CC outcomes than males.
Respirable Low-Density Microparticles Formed In Situ from Aerosolized Brittle Matrices

Inhalation of low-density porous particles enables deep lung delivery with less dependence on device design and patient inspiration. The purpose of this study was to implement Thin Film Freezing (TFF) to investigate a novel approach to dry powder inhalation. Powders produced by TFF were evaluated for aerodynamic and geometric particle size by cascade impaction and laser light scattering, respectively. Density measurements were conducted according to USP methods and calculated using data from particle size measurements. Excipient inclusion and its effect on moisture sorption was measured by Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS). TFF-produced brittle matrix powders were sheared apart into respirable microparticles using a passive DPI device, producing fine particle fractions (FPF) up to 69% and mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) as low as 2.6 μm. Particles had a mean geometric diameter ranging from 25 μm to 50 μm and mass densities of approximately 0.01 g/cm3. Powders were susceptible to moisture-induced matrix collapse, capillary forces and electrostatic charging; although formulations containing mannitol or no sugar excipient proved to be more robust. Aerosolized brittle matrices produced by TFF may prove to be a useful platform for highly efficient pulmonary delivery of thermally labile, highly potent, and poorly soluble drugs.
Kekulé structures and algebraic or corrected structure count

Abstract A generalization of the method of Randic for determining the number of Kekule structures of benzenoid hydrocarbons is presented. This extension allows the algebraic or corrected structures count of many polycyclic polyenes possessing 4n rings to be determined.
Examinations of ice formation processes in Florida cumuli using ice nuclei measurements of anvil ice crystal particle residues

[1] A continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) was used to measure ice formation by cloud particle residuals during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment. These measurements were directed toward determining the relative contributions of homogeneous nucleation, heterogeneous nucleation, and secondary ice formation processes to the concentrations of ice crystals in anvil cirrus formed from convection. The CFDC sampled residual particles remaining after evaporation of cloud particles initially collected by a counterflow virtual impactor. This allowed, for the first time, determination of the ice nucleation ability of particles that included the presumed nuclei for cloud-ice formation. The approach proved successful for estimating concentrations of heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN) transported into anvil clouds, but experimental issues limited measurements of homogeneous freezing and, consequently, in determining the role of secondary ice formation. Results suggest agreement within a factor of 2–3 between CFDC heterogeneous IN concentrations and anvil ice crystal concentrations in the size range above 30 mm. IN concentrations also correlated with ice concentrations inferred from measurements by the FSSP (Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe). However, measured IN concentrations were nearly two orders of magnitude lower than FSSP concentrations. This difference may have resulted from homogeneous freezing, secondary ice formation, or other unidentified ice formation processes that were not fully captured by the CFDC. The data suggest that heterogeneous nucleation played a smaller role than homogeneous nucleation in determining anvil ice crystal concentrations, except during periods of strong desert dust ingestion by cumuli. Nevertheless, heterogeneous nucleation may provide the source for larger ice crystals present in anvil regions.
Planning an emergency department holding unit

Abstract A generalized computer simulation model of the queuing process in an emergency department holding unit has been developed to evaluate the effects of changes in demand and utilization policies upon the congestion level in the unit. Bed utilization percentages, census level and daily service level are the criteria used to measure congestion. The model is also used to determine when additional staff are needed and to investigate the extent to which economies of scale exist. The Springfield Hospital Medical Center holding unit is used to demonstrate how this model may be utilized.
Local anesthesia plus deep sedation for adult inguinal hernia repair in an ambulatory surgery center

Two hundred consecutive adult patients receiving Perfix mesh plugs and onlay mesh grafts for inguinal hernia repairs in an ambulatory surgery unit were studied between January 1996 and October 1997. Xylocaine and Marcaine were used for local anesthesia. Deep sedation was maintained with intravenous Propofol after induction with Versed and Fentanyl. Some patients received Brevital and most were given Toradol to prolong analgesia. Total operating room time averaged 45 minutes. Narcotic use for pain relief averaged 2 days, and the majority were driving their cars in 6 days. Local anesthesia plus intravenous deep sedation has excellent patient acceptance and enables rapid patient recovery from inguinal herniorrhaphy.
MONITORING LIPID OXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS BY HEADSPACE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF RANCIMAT TRAPPED VOLATILES

Two of the most frequently used techniques to follow oxidation patterns of fats are headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The HS-GC technique offers the advantages of rapidity and multiple sample analyses, whereas GC/MS offers the advantages of GC separation coupled with the ability of MS to identify volatile compounds separated via GC. No previous information exists in the literature on the use of the volatiles trapped in water contained in the measuring vessel of the Rancimat and HS-GC to monitor lipid oxidation, as was the objective of this study. Oxidative secondary breakdown products of fish oil model systems trapped in water contained within the measuring vessel of the Rancimat were subjected to HS-GC analyses for quantitation of individual volatiles. Results from this study showed that oxidation induction time and products of oxidation can be monitored by the combined use of the Rancimat and HS-GC, and that trapped volatiles are representative of typical by-products of lipid oxidation and of oil type being examined. Addition of phospholipids (PL) to salmon and menhaden oils significantly influenced the production of volatile compounds. The molecular weights of the volatiles identified ranged from 30 to 212 daltons. The reproducibility of the method (std. dev. ≈ 2.04) was good but can be greatly improved through the use of a capillary column. PL having antioxidant activity generated lower concentrations of total volatiles than those found to be prooxidants.
WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE BOLOMETER DESIGN

Multi-color narrow-band Salisbury Screen and Jaumann Absorbers combined with optimized thick Si3N4 support layers are designed for wavelength selectivity in 7~14µm wavelength band. The Jaumann Absorbers are adopted as a vertically ‘stacked’ pixel structure to save space and enhance resolution compared against ‘tiled’ structure (pixels lying in a common plane).
Negotiating Lesbian Family Identity via Symbols and Rituals

This study reports how lesbian families negotiate their family identities via symbols and rituals. Sixteen couple interviews were conducted with lesbian co-mothers (for a total of 32 participants) who had their children via donor insemination in the contexts of their current same-sex relationships. Interviews were analyzed using grounded theory. Framed by symbolic interactionism, this study reports how these families negotiated affirmation and disconfirmation of their identities when interacting with families of origin, social networks, sperm donors, and community institutions.
Modeling auditory cortical processing as an adaptive chirplet transform

Recent evidence suggests that (a) auditory cortical neurons are tuned to complex timevarying acoustic features, (b) auditory cortex consists of several "elds that decompose sounds in parallel, (c) the metric for such decomposition varies across species, and (d) auditory cortical representations can be rapidly modulated. Past computational models of auditory cortical processing cannot capture such representational complexity. This paper proposes a novel framework in which auditory signal processing is characterized as an adaptive transformation from a one-dimensional space into an n-dimensional auditory parameter space. This transformation can be modeled as a chirplet transform implemented via a self-organizing neural network. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Viral Persistence and Abnormalities of the Central Nervous System after Congenital Infection of Sheep with Border Disease Virus

Lambs congenitally infected with border disease (BD) virus and sheep exposed to BD virus as adults were studied for one year to determine the pathogenesis of congenital exposure compared with adult exposure to the virus. Persistent BD virus was isolated in tissue culture and detected by immunofluorescence of the peripheral white blood cells, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid of lambs with congenital BD up to one year of age. These animals had no detectable serum neutralizing antibody response to the virus for the same interval. BD virus antigen was also detected by immunofluorescence in many central nervous system tissues of these lambs with congenital BD. Dysmyelination and glial proliferation in the central nervous system and microencephaly were noted in the lambs with congenital BD, and these lesions appeared to remain the same over a 12-month period.
Foundations of the Ostrom workshop: institutional analysis, polycentricity, and self-governance of the commons

This paper highlights important lessons gained from the research program of Elinor Ostrom, and demonstrates the close connection between public choice and the work on collective management of the commons for which Lin was honored by the Nobel Prize committee. Although our primary focus is on Lin’s research on self-governance and the “commons,” an overarching goal is to capture the intellectual journey of participants in the Ostrom Workshop, who continue to be guided by the inspiring examples set by Lin and Vincent Ostrom.