cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dry particle coating for improving the flowability of cohesive powders

Several dry processing techniques are used to coat cohesive cornstarch powder with different size silica particles. For nanosized silica guest particles, FESEM images show that both the magnetic assisted impaction coater (MAIC) and the hybridizer (HB) produce particles that are significantly more uniformly coated than using either a V-shape blender or simple hand mixing. Image analysis confirms that MAIC and HB provide higher surface coverage for the amount of guest material (flow aid) used. The improvement in flowablity of coated cornstarch is determined from angle of repose measurements using a Hosokawa powder tester. These measurements show that nanosized silica provides the best flowability enhancement, whereas mono-dispersed 500-nm silica does not improve the flow properties of cornstarch at all. This observation agrees with a simple theoretical derivation based on the original Rumpf model, which shows that the flowability improvement is inversely proportional to the guest particle size for a given host particle size or size of surface asperities. Experimental results also indicate that surface-treated hydrophobic silica is more effective in improving the flowability of cornstarch particles than untreated hydrophilic silica. An increase in processing time using MAIC and the V-blender also improves the flowability of the cornstarch since the guest particles are more deagglomerated and better dispersed, the longer the processing time. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
On the simulation of Multiple Stuck-at Faults using Multiple Domain Concurrent and Comparative Simulation

This paper presents an advanced concurrent simulation technique for performing Multiple Stuck-at Fault Simulation based on Multiple Domain Concurrent and Comparative Simulation (MDCCS). It efficiently compresses multiple experiments in a single simulation and requires no pre-analysis of the circuit. In addition, MDCCS has a unique feature that allows experiments to interact with each other and spawn offspring experiments should new behaviors arise. MDCCS is based on discrete event concurrent simulation (CS) and gains efficiency by utilizing the similarity among experiments without resorting to parallel hardware. It provides a mechanism for managing the complexity of interactions such that the implementation of this methodology is both storage and CPU time efficient. The intention of this paper is to present the MDCCS framework and report on its effectiveness for digital logic fault simulation.
Hierarchical Linear Model: Thinking Outside the Traditional Repeated-Measures Analysis-of-Variance Box

Longitudinal designs are common in the field of athletic training. For example, in the Journal of Athletic Training from 2005 through 2010, authors of 52 of the 218 original research articles used longitudinal designs. In 50 of the 52 studies, a repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. A possible alternative to this approach is the hierarchical linear model, which has been readily accepted in other medical fields. In this short report, we demonstrate the use of the hierarchical linear model for analyzing data from a longitudinal study in athletic training. We discuss the relevant hypotheses, model assumptions, analysis procedures, and output from the HLM 7.0 software. We also examine the advantages and disadvantages of using the hierarchical linear model with repeated measures and repeated-measures analysis of variance for longitudinal data.
Coloration Characteristics of Mechanically Processed Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Fillets Held in Refrigerated Storage for Seven Days

Abstract A project was initiated to investigate coloration (L*, a*, b*; Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage 1976) characteristics of mechanically processed channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillets. Experienced personnel were evaluated in their efficacy of visual organization of fillets into four distinct yellowness (b*) coloration categories. There was a significant (P < 0.001) difference in yellowness only between the two extreme categories, suggesting the need for development of physical coloration standards. Coloration was measured at six sites per fillet ≤24 h post processing and after seven day refrigerated (4°–5°C) storage. There was a significant (P < 0.001) increase in overall lightness (L*) from 58.9 ± 5.2 to 60.1 ± 2.3. There was a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the overall mean yellowness (b*) value from 0.8 ± 3.2 to 1.9 ± 3.8. Most individual fillet sites exhibited a significant increase in yellowness.
Investigative Studies into the Recovery of DNA from Improvised Explosive Device Containers

Apprehending those who utilize improvised explosive devices (IEDs) is a national priority owing to their use both domestically and abroad. IEDs are often concealed in bags, boxes, or backpacks to prevent their detection. Given this, the goal of the research presented was to identify IED handlers through postblast DNA recovery from IED containers. Study participants were asked to use backpacks for 11 days, after which they served as containers for pipe bombs. Eleven postdeflagration backpack regions likely to be handled were swabbed and analyzed via mini-short tandem repeats (miniSTRs) and alleles were called blind. An experimental consensus method was examined in which profiles from all regions were considered, to help identify spurious drop-in/out. Results were correct for all loci, except one that remained ambiguous. The results show that recovering DNA from IED containers is a viable approach for aiding in the identification of those who may have been involved in an IED event. Language: en
Effect of food on nifedipine pharmacokinetics.

The effect of food on the bioavailability of nifedipine (Procardia), 10 mg capsules, was studied. Each of 15 male volunteers received a single oral 10 mg dose with 120 ml water under three conditions: fasting, after a low-fat (high-carbohydrate) meal, and after a high-fat meal. An open, three-way Latin-square design was employed with a 4-day washout period between administrations. Serial blood samples were collected just before the dose (0 hour) and from 0 to 8 hours after administration. Nifedipine assays were performed by GLC/electron capture detection. Diet did not appreciably alter the AUC from 0 to 8 hours, the AUC from 0 to infinity, or the elimination half-life. The time to peak (tmax) and peak concentrations (Cmax) were significantly altered by food. The mean Cmax values for fasting, low-fat, and high-fat meals were 78.9, 42.2, and 58.7 ng/ml, respectively. The mean tmax values for these three conditions were 0.97, 1.89, and 1.07 hours, respectively. The results indicate that food, in particular a low-fat (high-carbohydrate) meal, slows the rate but does not alter the extent of nifedipine absorption. Insofar as certain side effects (e.g., flushing and headache) may be related to the high peak plasma levels associated with rapid absorption, administration with meals might serve to reduce the incidence of such effects. Clinical trials would be necessary to confirm this possibility. For the majority of patients on routine maintenance therapeutic regimens, nifedipine capsules may be administered without regard to food intake.
Zero Temperature Phase Transitions in Gauge Theories

Quantum field theories can exist in different phases depending on the number of massless fermion flavors they have. The vacuum structure of such a theory can be changed by varying the flavor number across a critical value. In this lecture we discuss such structure changing phase transitions in three and four dimensional gauge field theories.
Gas in the Cavernous Sinus

PURPOSE To evaluate the significance of cavernous sinus gas identified on head CT scans. METHODS Head CT scans were viewed prospectively for a period of 3 years. The charts of patients who demonstrated cavernous sinus gas were reviewed. RESULTS Seventeen patients without head trauma and 10 patients with head trauma demonstrated gas in the cavernous sinus. None of the patients had symptoms or developed symptoms originating in the cavernous sinus. All of the patients without trauma had an intravenous line in place. Sphenoid fractures or basilar skull fractures were not a constant finding in trauma patients with cavernous sinus gas. CONCLUSIONS In patients without symptoms referable to the cavernous sinus, gas in the cavernous sinus does not appear to be a significant finding. The gas is most likely the result of venous air emboli from intravenous lines or penetrating trauma.
A Machine Learning Approach to Predicting Blood Glucose Levels for Diabetes Management

Patients with diabetes must continually monitor their blood glucose levels and adjust insulin doses, striving to keep blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible. Blood glucose levels that deviate from the normal range can lead to serious short-term and long-term complications. An automatic prediction model that warned people of imminent changes in their blood glucose levels would enable them to take preventive action. In this paper, we describe a solution that uses a generic physiological model of blood glucose dynamics to generate informative features for a Support Vector Regression model that is trained on patient specific data. The new model outperforms diabetes experts at predicting blood glucose levels and could be used to anticipate almost a quarter of hypoglycemic events 30 minutes in advance. Although the corresponding precision is currently just 42%, most false alarms are in near-hypoglycemic regions and therefore patients responding to these hypoglycemia alerts would not be harmed by intervention.
Wollstonecraft in Europe: A Revisionist Reception History, 1792-1904

It has often been repeated that Wollstonecraft was not read for a century after her death in 1797 due to the negative impact of her husband William Godwin’s 'Memoirs of the Author of a Vindication of the Rights of Woman' (1798) on her posthumous reputation. By providing the first full-scale reception history of Wollstonecraft in continental Europe in the long nineteenth century — drawing on rare book research, translations of understudied primary sources, and Wollstonecraft scholarship from the nineteenth century to the present — this article applies a revised Rezeptionsgeschichte approach to tracing her intellectual influence on the woman question and organized feminism in Europe. Although the 'Memoirs' and post-revolutionary politics everywhere dampened and even drove underground the reception of her persona and ideas in the first decades of the nineteenth century, Wollstonecraft’s reception in nineteenth-century continental Europe, like the United States, was more positive and sustained in comparison to the public backlash she faced as a 'fallen woman' in her homeland of Britain through the bulk of the Victorian era.
Optimal SEP Trajectories from Earth to Jupiter with Triple Flyby Capture

Triple-Satellite-aided-capture sequences use gravity-assists at three of Jupiter’s four massive Galilean moons to reduce the ΔV required to enter into Jupiter orbit. A triplesatellite-aided capture at Callisto, Ganymede, and Io is proposed to capture a SEP spacecraft into Jupiter orbit from an interplanetary Earth-Jupiter trajectory that employs low-thrust maneuvers. The principal advantage of this method is that it combines the ISP efficiency of ion propulsion with nearly impulsive but propellant-free gravity assists.
Planetary spacecraft - SEPS interface design

The interactions between a spacecraft which would rendezvous with the comet Tempel II, the stage, and the mission design are summarized along with solar electric propulsion system design issues. Attention is given to data communication, the spacecraft pointing control system, spacecraft power, plasma interactions, the release of a probe to study the comet Halley, and thruster usage. It was concluded that for a planetary mission design using a low-thrust stage, the control of the mission should reside in the payload spacecraft and that the power should be provided by the stage; the NASA standard 28 VDC bus is recommended.
The Clinical Neuropsychiatry of Stroke: Natural course of depression

Given the number of effective treatments that are available for poststroke depression (see Chapter 20), it is increasingly difficult to conduct studies on the natural course of this disorder. Several studies, however, were conducted prior to publication of the current treatment studies. In addition, most of these pretreatment studies examined the course of poststroke depression in the setting of “usual care.” Thus, in these studies, a minority of patients were treated with antidepressants by their primary care physician. Since effective treatment, however, must produce more rapid improvement of symptoms than would naturally occur over time, it is essential to study the natural course of poststroke depressive disorders. Our data on the natural course of depressive disorder is based on longitudinal studies in which patients received “usual care” and the vast majority were not given antidepressant treatment. We have studied the natural course of poststroke depression in two studies and several other groups have conducted similar investigations (Morris et al . 1990; House et al . 1991; Astrom et al . 1993a; Burvill et al . 1995; Pohjasvaara et al . 2001). Our first longitudinal study of acute stroke patients was reported in 1983 (Robinson et al . 1983). A consecutive series of 103 patients admitted to the hospital with acute stroke, and diagnosed for depression using diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM-III) criteria were prospectively studied over a 2-year period.
Composite fermi liquids in the lowest Landau level

A quantum vortex liquid theory for composite Fermi liquid (CFL) states in the lowest Landau level is proposed. Contrary to the traditional Halperin-Lee-Read approach, the composite fermions in this formulation are vortices carrying no physical charge. Furthermore, a Berry phase ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{B}$=-2$\ensuremath{\pi}\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\nu}$ is enclosed by the composite Fermi surface, where $\ensuremath{\nu}$ is the total filling fraction. This vortex liquid theory is closely related to Read's formulation of bosonic CFL at $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$ in the 1990's, and to Son's recent formulation of the half-filled Landau level in terms of Dirac composite fermions. Various consequences of this new picture are studied, including some nontrivial predictions for transport properties, and an emergent particle-hole symmetry for bosons at $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$.
Ecotypes and Genetic Diversity of Rice Genetic Resources from the Mediterranean Area

Genetic diversity and classification of indica and japonica for 109 accessions of rice from the Mediterranean area were studied by SSR markers and morphological traits.The results showed that 80.73% and 77.98% of the accessions were clustered into japonica group based on the two approaches,respectively,which means that most of the accessions of rice genetic resources from the Mediterranean area were japonica ecotype.37 ones were selected from 109 accessions to evaluate the compatibility with indica and japonica.75.68% of 37 accessions shown good compatibility to japonica.The Mediterranean rice had high genetic diversity with 3.84 average effective numbers of alleles(Ae)and 0.482 average Neis genetic diversity index(H).The level of genetic diversity of indica group was higher than japonica group with Neis genetic diversity index of 0.459 and 0.340,respectively.These results are useful for properly conserving and effectively using rice genetic resources from Mediterranean area.
Neuromuscular Physiology of the Longitudinal Muscle of the Earthworm, Lumbricus Terrestris : II. Patterns of Innervation

1. Patterns of innervation of the longitudinal muscle of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, were examined electrophysiologically. 2. The longitudinal musculature of a segment is innervated by relatively few axons, a fast and slow axon being present in segmental nerve I and in the double nerve, segmental nerve II-III. 3. Single-pulse stimulation of the fast axon produces large external muscle potentials and small twitch-like contractions, which with repetitive stimulation are antifacilitating. 4. Repetitive stimulation of the slow axon produces large, slowly developing and sustained mechanical responses, with electrical and mechanical responses showing summation and facilitation. 5. The amplitude and time course of slow mechanical responses are related to the frequency of stimulation. 6. Individual longitudinal muscle fibres are innervated by either the fast or slow axon in a segmental nerve, or by both fast and slow axons. 7. No evidence was found for peripheral inhibitory innervation of the longitudinal muscle.
Coordinating a heterogeneous robot swarm using Robot Utility-based Task Assignment (RUTA)

The goal of this work is the development of a task-oriented software application that facilitates the rapid deployment of multiple robotic agents. The task solutions are created at run-time and executed by the agents in a centralized or decentralized fashion. Tasks are divided into smaller sub-tasks which are then assigned to the optimal number of robots using Robot Utility Based Task Assignment (RUTA) algorithm. The system deploys these robots using its application program interfaces (API's) and uploads programs that are integrated with a small routine code. The embedded routine allows robots to configure solutions when decentralized approach is adopted.
Alcoholics Anonymous and other mutual help organizations: Impact of a 45-minute didactic for primary care and categorical internal medicine residents

ABSTRACTBackground: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are highly prevalent among primary care patients. One evidence-based, cost-effective referral option is ubiquitous mutual help organizations (MHOs) such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA), and SMART Recovery; however, little is known about how to effectively increase trainee knowledge and confidence with these referrals. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether a single 45-minute combined lecture and role play–based didactic for primary care residents could enhance knowledge, improve attitudes, and bolster confidence in referring patients with addictions to community MHOs. Methods: The authors developed a 45-minute lecture and role play addressing the evidence for MHOs, their respective background/content, and how to make effective referrals. Participants were administered a brief survey of their MHO-related knowledge, attitudes, and confidence before and after the session to evaluate the didactic impact. Results: Particip...
Slow Sux I: A Lengthy Wake-up Period After Electroconvulsive Therapy

This case discusses a drug–gene interaction between succinylcholine and a pseudocholinesterase variant, resulting in prolonged action of succinylcholine.
Potent Inhibition of hERG Channels by the Over-the-Counter Antidiarrheal Agent Loperamide

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro electrophysiological properties of loperamide. The authors’ hypothesis was that loperamide is a potent blocker of the current carried by the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel. Background Loperamide is a peripherally-acting μ-opioid agonist available worldwide as an over-the-counter treatment for diarrhea. Like most opioids, it is not currently known to be proarrhythmic. Recent cases of torsade de pointes in association with high-dose loperamide raise concern given its structural similarity to methadone, another synthetic opioid with an established arrhythmia risk. Methods Effects of loperamide on blockade of the hERG potassium channel ion current were assessed in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) stably expressing hERG to elucidate current amplitude and kinetics. The concentration required to produce 50% inhibition (IC50) of hERG current was assessed from the amplitude of tail currents and the impact on action potential duration was assessed in isolated swine ventricular cardiomyocytes. Results The 50% inhibitory concentration for loperamide inhibition of hERG ionic tail currents was approximately 40 nmol/l. In current-voltage measurements, loperamide reduced steady and tail currents and shifted the current activation to more negative potentials. Loperamide (10 nmol/l) also increased the action potential duration, assessed at 90% of repolarization, in ventricular myocytes by 16.4 ± 1.7% (n = 6, p Conclusions Loperamide is a potent hERG channel blocker. It significantly prolongs the action potential duration and suggests a causal association between loperamide and recent clinical cases of torsade de pointes.
Magnetic measurements of the upper critical field of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ single crystals

dc magnetization measurements in fields up to 5 T on single crystals of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ reveal a well defined onset of diamagnetism allowing a unique magnetic determination of the upper critical field and its anisotropy. The upper-critical-field slopes are -1.9 and -10.5 T/K corresponding to coherence lengths of 16 and 3 A\r{} for fields perpendicular and parallel to the CuO planes. At the magnetically determined nucleation temperatures no distinct features are found in resistive transition curves.
Under Pressure in Atlanta: School Accountability and Special Education Practices during the Cheating Scandal.

A 2011 report by the Georgia Bureau of Investigation (GBI) confirmed a widespread cheating scandal among teachers, principals, and administrators in the Atlanta Public School system (APS) from 2009...
Chaos in Semiconductor Microstructures

Some main experimental and theoretical aspects of chaos in semiconductor microstructures are reviewed in these lecture notes. The lecture, which is meant for non-specialists, evolves from a general introduction to basic concepts of semiconductor microstructures, through a presentation of various studies of chaos in these structures, to a more thorough discussion of the specific topic of how to probe quantum chaos with deformable semiconductor quantum dots. Only broad outlines and simplified arguments are used to explain the central ideas.
Split-bolus intravenous contrast material injection vs. single-bolus injection in patients following endovascular abdominal aortic repair (EVAR)

To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of a split-bolus contrast injection CTA (SB-CTA) compared to a single-bolus injection CTA (SI-CTA) protocol of post-EVAR patients. In this IRB-approved study, patients who underwent SB-CTA and SI-CTA after EVAR were evaluated. Attenuation and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of vessels and parenchymal organs were assessed. Subjective enhancement of vessels, quality of 3D reconstructions, and enhancement phase of parenchymal organs were assessed by two independent readers. Endoleak visibility and incidental findings were evaluated. Fifty-six patients with SB-CTA and SI-CTA at two different time points after EVAR were included in the study (112 imaging studies, mean age 75 ± 9 years). There was no difference in attenuation and CNR for aorta between SB-CTA and SI-CTA (310 ± 87 vs. 311 ± 80 HU, p = 0.88; 31.1 ± 12.6 vs. 29.0 ± 12.2, p = 0.20), although both were improved in the venous structures and parenchymal organs with SB-CTA (portal vein: 149 ± 33 vs. 88 ± 32 HU, 11.6 ± 5.6 vs. 4.3 ± 3.4; liver: 91 ± 19 vs. 68 ± 20 HU, 4.4 ± 2.8 vs. 2.1 ± 2.0; pancreas: 108 ± 27 vs. 82 ± 23 HU, 6.4 ± 3.1 vs. 3.6 ± 2.4; p < 0.0001). Subjectively, enhancement of veins, liver, spleen, bowel, and kidneys was improved (p < 0.001), while there was no difference for the aorta (p = 0.46) and 3D reconstructions (p = 0.58). None of the 18/56 (32.1%) endoleaks was missed with the SB-CTA. More incidental findings were detected with SB-CTA (158/56) compared to SI-CTA (135/56), p < 0.001. SB-CTA was able to adequately characterize 7/15 (47%) of the findings that needed further evaluation in SI-CTA. 4/15 (26%) incidental findings that were missed with SI-CTA but seen with SB-CTA required further evaluation. Split-bolus injection CTA in the follow-up of EVAR patients allows reliable visualization of endoleaks with improved subjective and objective image quality.
NON-SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS | Changes in the Extracellular Space as a Modulator of Excitability and Epileptogenicity

The excitability of a neuron is largely determined by the distribution of its ion channels, and that of a neuronal network by its organization of connections through chemical synapses and gap junctions. Not surprisingly, most research on basic mechanism in epilepsy focus on these neuron-related mechanisms. However, a much less considered modulator of neuronal excitability and synchronization is the extracellular space (ECS). Electric field interactions, changes in ion gradients, and diffusion of neuromodulating molecules are examples of ECS-dependent mechanisms that may also influence network excitability and synchronization. The size of the ECS itself changes dynamically in response to neuronal activity, perhaps acting as an activity-dependent feedback loop. That is to say, the ECS is not merely a static background in which the neurons and glia are situated; activity-related changes in its size can affect the rates and pathways through which extracellular currents, ions, and molecules redistribute to mediate their modulating effects. Several lines of evidence suggest that this nonsynaptic communication channel may be an important modulator of epileptogenicity.
Abstract 109: Association of Endothelial Dysfunction with Non-invasive Measures of Vascular Stiffness in Young-middle Aged Non-hypertensive Individuals

Arterial stiffness and enhanced wave reflections independently predict cardiovascular risk. Wave reflections augment central (aortic) pulse pressure (PP), an index of arterial stiffness, and systolic pressure. Increased wave reflections and PP have previously been associated with endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive and healthy middle-aged adults. The study objective was to determine whether endothelial dysfunction is associated with PP and other measures of vascular stiffness in young normotensive and prehypertensive subjects. We measured office, central, and 24-hour measurements in 102 (64 female, 38 male) non-hypertensive, non-diabetic participants. Endothelial function was assessed non-invasively using post-ischemic reactive hyperemia with strain-gauge plethysmography. The racially diverse subject pool was comprised of 60% Caucasians, 18% African Americans, and 24% Asians, with mean age 30, mean BMI 25.6, mean office SBP/DBP = 110 ± 13 mm Hg/70 ± 9 mm Hg. Endothelial function was highly associated with office (β= - 4.2 mm Hg, p In conclusion, endothelial dysfunction is significantly and consistently associated with arterial stiffness and increased wave reflections in young non-hypertensive adults. Identification of endothelial dysfunction in otherwise healthy young individuals may provide an opportunity to reduce vascular stiffness and associated cardiovascular risk.
The Idiom of Scripture, Leviticus 18:5, and Theology at a Time of Paradigm Shift:

Leviticus 18:5b (the one doing them shall live in them) offers a prism through which to view the idiom of Scripture—the distinctive dynamics and theology of the Bible. The verse pinpoints the inter...
Data science for urban equity: Making gentrification an accessible topic for data scientists, policymakers, and the community

The University of Washington eScience Institute runs an annual Data Science for Social Good (DSSG) program that selects four projects each year to train students from a wide range of disciplines while helping community members execute social good projects, often with an urban focus. We present observations and deliberations of one such project, the DSSG 2017 'Equitable Futures' project, which investigates the ongoing gentrification process and the increasingly inequitable access to opportunities in Seattle. Similar processes can be observed in many major cities. The project connects issues usually analyzed in the disciplines of the built environment, geography, sociology, economics, social work and city governments with data science methodologies and visualizations.
Very early aortic responses during atherosclerosis induction in rabbits: Measurement by duplex ultrasound: I. Non-invasive study of aortic hyperresponsiveness to serotonin

We report the use of a non-invasive ultrasound method to visualize and measure changes in serotonin reactivity of the abdominal aorta during the early stages of atherosclerosis development. Studies were performed at 0, 4, 8, and 14 weeks in New Zealand white rabbits fed a diet enriched with 0.5% cholesterol. Change in systolic vessel diameter at each examination was compared with changes in rabbits fed a control diet or rabbits on a diet enriched with cholesterol plus a concentrated marine lipid. After 4 weeks on the diets, the abdominal aortae of rabbits fed the cholesterol-rich diet displayed an enhanced vasoconstriction to serotonin (P < 0.01). The enhanced vasoconstriction was observed prior to visible morphologic changes, and progressed when restudied at succeeding examinations. Morphologic abnormalities became evident at 8 weeks in cholesterol-fed animals. Dietary supplementation with marine lipid, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, diminished the effect of the atherogenic diet on aortic vasoconstriction.
Structure and Properties of Alternating Block Polymers of Dimethylsiloxane and Bisphenol-A Carbonate

Evidence from several kinds of studies indicates that in many block polymers in the solid state a compositional fluctuation or so-called domain structure exists on the scale of 102 A ca.1–6 Many physical properties of these systems are well known to differfrom those of their random-copolymerized counterparts because of this structure. Block polymers of dimethylsiloxane and bisphenol-A carbonate have been synthesized by H. A. Vaughn7 which exhibit physical properties reminiscent of those of other block polymers composed of at least one rubbery block separating two glassy blocks.
Resection of an extensive thoracic arachnoid cyst via less-invasive targeted laminoplasties.

OBJECTIVE Spinal arachnoid cysts are a known cause of spinal cord compression. When symptomatic, treatment of choice entails laminectomies over the length of the cyst in order to achieve complete cyst removal and fenestration. METHODS A 60-year-old woman presented with a one-year history of progressive pain between the shoulder blades, exacerbated by sitting up or standing, and relieved by lying supine. MRI imaging revealed a T3-T7 dorsal intradural arachnoid cyst. Due to extant spinal deformity and medical comorbidity, the decision was made to proceed with selective laminoplasties at the superior and inferior limits of the cyst. RESULTS After the dura was opened to reveal the margins, the cyst was sharply fenestrated and drained. Irrigation was passed through the cyst to ensure open communication, and a lumbar drain catheter was passed from the inferior to superior margin. The catheter was removed before closure. Postoperatively, MRI of the thoracic spine revealed decompression of the spinal cord and the patient noticed improvement in her symptoms. At 7-month follow-up, the patient remained free of symptoms and MRI demonstrated near-complete resolution of the cyst. CONCLUSION Although open exposure and complete resection are considered the treatment of choice for spinal arachnoid cysts, cyst fenestration through selective bony windows at the margins of the cyst represents a viable, less invasive alternative approach to effective cyst decompression, and can be considered in patients in whom a full exposure would be prohibitive.
Calculations Relating to the Pressure Change in a Vented Tank Being Filled with Liquid Oxygen

A vented tank being filled with liquid oxygen (lox) may experience a negative pressure differential as well as a positive differential with respect to atmospheric pressure. If the tank walls have little compressive strength, then it is essential to avoid a flow condition which will create a negative pressure differential, Heat transfer to the lox may occur via the following processes: (1) Radiation transfer from the tank walls to lox droplets, (2) Conduction transfer to lox in contact with the tank floor and conduction transfer to lox which contacts the walls and top of the tank. (3) Convection transfer from the tank walls to the air in the tank and from air in the tank to accumulated lox at the bottom of the tank. (4) Transfer of heat to lox droplets from the air in the tank. In this case, the principal transfer of heat to droplets takes place via a conduction mechanism. A convective term associated with the droplet and air motion must also be included.
Data Generation for Model Validation

Beginning in early 1972 and continuing through December 1973, the US Army Combat Developments Experimentation Command conducted a series of field experiments on armor combat. The major objective of this series of experiments was to generate reliable field data to be used to validate some of the Army’s high resolution combat models, such as DYNTACS, CARMONETTE, and the Individual Unit Action model. The experiment also provided reliable input data for production runs of the models.
Lower-bound dislocation density mapping in microcoined tantalum using high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction

Abstract High-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) is used to map the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density in the cross-sections of annealed, rolled, and microcoined tantalum foils that are typical targets used in modern laser-induced compression materials science studies. The microcoined samples are characteristic of microforming, where the deformation length scale is on the order of the grain size (~50 μm). In particular, inhomogeneities in dislocation density maps across 0.1–1 mm regions of interest are compared with expectations from slip line field approximations. The average HR-EBSD GND dislocation density measurements in various annealed and cold worked tantalum samples are compared with corresponding dislocation density approximations from microhardness measurements. GND densities in the range 1013 − 1015 m−2 are typical.
Primitive neuroepithelial tumors with vermiform processes (filiform neuroepithelial tumors). Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study of 2 cases.

Summary Two unique, poorly-differentiated neuroepithelial tumors are described, one in a 35-year-old woman with an anterior mediastinal tumor and one in a 71-year-old woman with a left femoral mass. Immunocytochemical stains demonstrated Neuron specific enolase in both tumors and Chromogranin in one. Electron microscopy showed the cells of both neoplasms to contain abundant, thick, vermiform, organelle-free processes, previously described solely in large cell lymphomas. Rare dense-core granules were present, and very few processes were suggestive of neurites. These observations enlarge the spectrum of poorly differentiated neuroepithelial tumors.
Close to the edge: High productivity at plot peripheries and the inverse size-productivity relationship

Smaller farms and plots appear more productive per hectare than larger ones in most developing country data. Using unique plot-level panel data from Uganda, with agricultural plots matched over a decade using geospatial location, we estimate the size-productivity relationship using variation in plot size over time under plot fixed effects, as well as variation in plot size within a farm, under household-period fixed effects. Like many other authors, we find that the observed inverse relationship arises at the plot, not farm, level, and that observable plot characteristics such as soil quality cannot explain the relationship. However, the plot perimeter/area ratio explains most of the inverse plot size-productivity relationship, reflecting an edge effect widely acknowledged in the agronomy literature wherein productivity is highest around the periphery of plots. We present suggestive evidence consistent with behavioral and biophysical mechanisms underpinning the edge effect.
Dysregulation of the glutaredoxin/S-glutathionylation redox axis in lung diseases.

Glutathione is a major redox buffer, reaching millimolar concentrations within cells and high micromolar concentrations in airways. While glutathione has been traditionally known as an antioxidant ...
Nurse-delivered outpatient asthma education for children and caregivers: a pilot study to promote shared asthma management

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of nurse-delivered asthma education for caregiver/child dyads in a busy clinic setting, and measure the preliminary effectiveness of the intervention.Methods: ...
A Model for Integrating Social and Creative Dance Forms in a Dance Education Course

I have been teaching dance to physical education and dance education majors since 1994. This particular course has been taught in both a large state university in the Midwest and in a large metropo...
A functional hierarchy for choice in medial prefrontal cortex

Hierarchical approaches to functional neuroanatomy propose that choice-relevant brain regions have overlapping functions and can be organized into a series that progressively transforms information about options into choices. Here, we examined responses of neurons in four regions of the medial prefrontal cortex as macaques performed two-option risky choices. All four regions encoded economic variables in similar proportions and showed putative signatures of key choice-related computations. We found evidence for a hierarchical organization proceeding from areas 14[->]25[->]32[->]24. Specifically, we found that decodability of eight distinct task variables increased along that path, consistent with the idea that hierarchically later regions make these variables more separable. We also found longer intrinsic timescales in the same series, further supporting the idea of a hierarchy. Together these results highlight the importance of the medial wall in choice, endorse a specific hierarchical organization, and argue against a modular functional neuroanatomy of choice.
Ping-Pong Modes

Though more complicated modes of multipactor in a flat gap were discussed in the previous chapter, one of such modes has been studied in detail and named “ping-pong mode” in [2, 3]. In the ping-pong mode, the electron trajectory is divided into two parts during one half-period of the RF field. The first part of the trajectory occurs in the decelerating electric field, or at a negative starting phase, when the emitted electrons are returned to the emitting surface. Even though the impact energy is low, the returning electrons produce secondaries that follow the second part of the trajectory. The second part is mainly in the accelerating field, so that electrons propagate to the opposite electrode.
L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonists mitigate hearing loss and modify ribbon synapse morphology in the zebrafish model of Usher syndrome type 1

The mariner (myo7aa-/- ) mutant is a zebrafish model for Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1). To further characterize hair cell synaptic elements in myo7aa-/- mutants, we focused on the ribbon synapse and evaluated ultrastructure, number and distribution of immunolabeled ribbons, and postsynaptic densities. By transmission electron microscopy, we determined that myo7aa-/- zebrafish have fewer glutamatergic vesicles tethered to ribbon synapses, yet maintain a comparable ribbon area. In myo7aa-/- hair cells, immunolocalization of Ctbp2 showed fewer ribbon-containing cells in total and an altered distribution of Ctbp2 puncta compared to wild-type hair cells. myo7aa-/- mutants have fewer postsynaptic densities - as assessed by MAGUK immunolabeling - compared to wild-type zebrafish. We quantified the circular swimming behavior of myo7aa-/- mutant fish and measured a greater turning angle (absolute smooth orientation). It has previously been shown that L-type voltage-gated calcium channels are necessary for ribbon localization and occurrence of postsynaptic density; thus, we hypothesized and observed that L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonists change behavioral and synaptic phenotypes in myo7aa-/- mutants in a drug-specific manner. Our results indicate that treatment with L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonists alter hair cell synaptic elements and improve behavioral phenotypes of myo7aa-/- mutants. Our data support that L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonists induce morphological changes at the ribbon synapse - in both the number of tethered vesicles and regarding the distribution of Ctbp2 puncta - shift swimming behavior and improve acoustic startle response.
Spread of the Non-Native Neotropical Trap-Jaw Ant Odontomachus ruginodis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Florida

Trap-jaw ants, Odontomachus spp., are large, predaceous species with potent stings. The Neotropical trap-jaw ant, Odontomachus ruginodis, common throughout much of the West Indies, was first found in Florida in 1931. Whether O. ruginodis is native or exotic to Florida has remained uncertain. Here, I compiled published and unpublished records from 300 sites in Florida, including my own records from 112 sites, to examine the spread of O. ruginodis in Florida. Whereas the earliest Florida records of O. ruginodis were restricted to the southernmost part of the state, the known range has expanded progressively northward. This species is now known from 43 counties in Florida, as far north as Fernandina Beach (30.7°N), a few km from the Georgia border. This recent spread and its prevalence in human disturbed habitats, combined with an apparent lack of co-evolutionary history with a native predator of Odontomachus, support the supposition that O. ruginodis is not native to Florida. There appear to be no geographic or climatic barriers to prevent the spread of O. ruginodis into the panhandle area of Florida and further west along the Gulf Coast. As a result, more people may get an opportunity to experience the stings of O. ruginodis when they encounter them, for example, in urban and suburban gardens.
Digital Piracy, Teens, and the Source of Advice: An Experimental Study

The objective of our paper is to determine the effect of piracy advice from various sources on the behavior of the music consumer. Specifically, does it matter if the source of advice has a stake in the outcome of the piracy decision? Does it matter if the source of advice has a social tie with the advisee? Accordingly, we conduct a laboratory experiment using teenagers and their parents as subjects, increasing the realism of the context by sampling potential pirates and their parents. Treatments represent various sources of piracy advice (e.g., the teen's parent, a record label, or an external regulator). Subjects make decisions playing our new experimental game—The Piracy Game—extended from the volunteer's dilemma literature. Interestingly, subjects respond negatively to advice from record labels over time, purchasing fewer songs as compared to other sources such as the subject's parent. The existence of a social tie between the adviser and the subject assists in mitigating piracy, especially when a par...
Uncanny Precedent: The March on Rome

Trump supporters’ assault on the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, finds an intriguing precedent in Mussolini’s March on Rome in October 1922. This article explores the similarities and differences ...
Interpretable machine learning prediction of all-cause mortality

Abstract Explainable artificial intelligence provides an opportunity to improve prediction accuracy over standard linear models using “black box” machine learning (ML) models while still revealing insights into a complex outcome such as all-cause mortality. We propose the IMPACT (Interpretable Machine learning Prediction of All-Cause morTality) framework that implements and explains complex, non-linear ML models in epidemiological research, by combining a tree ensemble mortality prediction model and an explainability method. We use 133 variables from NHANES 1999–2014 datasets (number of samples: n = 47, 261) to predict all-cause mortality. To explain our model, we extract local (i.e., per-sample) explanations to verify well-studied mortality risk factors, and make new discoveries. We present major factors for predicting x-year mortality (x = 1, 3, 5) across different age groups and their individualized impact on mortality prediction. Moreover, we highlight interactions between risk factors associated with mortality prediction, which leads to findings that linear models do not reveal. We demonstrate that compared with traditional linear models, tree-based models have unique strengths such as: (1) improving prediction power, (2) making no distribution assumptions, (3) capturing non-linear relationships and important thresholds, (4) identifying feature interactions, and (5) detecting different non-linear relationships between models. Given the popularity of complex ML models in prognostic research, combining these models with explainability methods has implications for further applications of ML in medical fields. To our knowledge, this is the first study that combines complex ML models and state-of-the-art feature attributions to explain mortality prediction, which enables us to achieve higher prediction accuracy and gain new insights into the effect of risk factors on mortality.
Forward Modeling of the Coronal Response to Reconnection in an X-ray Bright Point

We use MDI magnetic field observations and the theory of reconnection through a separator to constrain a numerical simulation of an X-ray bright point observed in EUV by TRACE. A gasdynamic model is employed to describe the corona and transition region in the bright point loop. Nonlocal effects such as opacity and ambipolar diffusion are important to the transition region; these effects are approximated locally by modification of the radiative loss and thermal conduction. A straightforward comparison of measured light curves versus those generated by the simulation shows that the reconnection model is unable to account for the observations.