cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DOMA: Implications for Employee Benefit Plans

The U.S. Supreme Court recently held section 3 of DOMA to be unconstitutional in United States v. Windsor. However, in disposing of Hollingsworth v. Perry, the Court left section 2 of DOMA intact. Windsor has significant rippling effects because there are 1,138 instances of the use of the terms "marriage" and "spouse" in federal laws relying on DOMA section 3. Employee benefit plans will be affected significantly because there are benefits and rights extended to a participant's spouse and dependents under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code. This article highlights those changes and raises the outstanding issues.
Attraction of Japanese beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) to host plant volatiles in field trapping experiments

Attraction of Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, to 17 compounds typical of those released by undamaged and insect-damaged angiosperm leaves was compared in replicated field trials. Eight compounds attracted significantly more beetles than did an unbaited trap; however, the 2 most attractive single compounds, phenylacetonitrile and ( Z )-jasmone, were only ≍10% as effective as geraniol, a component of commercial lures. Progressive pairwise addition of less attractive volatiles to a blend of phenylacetonitrile and ( Z )-jasmone resulted in increasing beetle capture. The relative attractiveness of blends of conifer/eucalyptus, fruit-like, and floral odors, plus a complete mixture of these, also was tested. Although the floral, fruit-like, and complete mixtures captured more beetles than did the conifer/eucalyptus blend or phenylacetonitrile alone, our results suggest that this polyphagous insect is likely to be attracted to many naturally occurring plant volatiles, and that as the number of components in a volatile blend increases, so will its attractiveness. The complete mixture of volatile compounds also attracted more green June beetles, Cotinis nitida (L)., than did the fruit-like, floral, or conifer/eucalyptus blends.
Agricultural Marketing Control Programs in California

NEW MARKET control programs have been put into effect and changes in old programs have been made since the last report on this subject.1A number of acts under which programs may be instituted still remain on the statute books. Each act has certain limitations as to commodities and types of programs permitted in addition to other special features. In some cases a choice between the acts or a combined use of more than one act has been made. Control programs are in effect on California agricultural products under the federal Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 and under each of the following state marketing laws: California Agricultural Products Marketing Act of 1937, California Marketing Act of 1937, Agricultural Prorate Act, and Milk Stabilization Law. Some programs under the above acts are supplemented by special diversion programs under Section 32 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act.
ANTIQUITY’S HEROES IN THE COURT OF PHILIP AUGUSTUS

(1992). ANTIQUITY’S HEROES IN THE COURT OF PHILIP AUGUSTUS. Journal of the Australasian Universities Language and Literature Association: Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 77-97.
Analysis on the utilization of VCT services among MSM with different characteristics

Objective To analyze the utilization of AIDS voluntary counseling and testing services( VCT) among men having sex with men( MSM) with different characteristics in Wuhan,and provide advice for AIDS prevention and control.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among MSM receiving VCT services in Wuhan Xin Yuan working group to collect information on their demographics,behavior and utilization of VTC. Results A total of 5832 MSM were tested for HIV,the prevalence of HIV infection was 3. 91%. Of 3579 MSM cases receiving questionnaires,474 had HIV test in the past,accounted for 13. 62%,the rest( 3005 MSM,86. 38%) were detected with HIV infection for the first time. There age was from 18 to 35 years old,living in Wuhan,being university level and above,having a formal profession,cohabiting with male,or divorced,or widowed. Those whose sex-seeking information was mostly through internet contact,and with poorcondom use,were more likely to seek VCT services. Conclusion The coverage rate of VCT service among MSM in Wuhan was low,it was different in the utilization of VCT service among MSM with different characteristics. Comparing with general health institutions,non-governmental organizations had a unique advantage and played a more important role in improving VCT service.
Passing moments

Have you ever wondered what might have happened if you just had the guts to speak up and introduce yourself? Joe is a hard-working, everyday kind of guy just catching the train home from his construction job. Today seemed like any other day to him until Kate, a beautiful, upper-class woman, happened to sit down next to him. Through a twist of fate, these two characters from different social classes are thrown into a world of fantasy and hope where anything could be possible, if the opportunity is not ignored. Software: Maya 4.0, Shake 2.31.
Streptozotocin diabetes increases mRNA expression of ketogenic enzymes in the rat heart.

Abstract Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy develops in insulin-dependent diabetic patients who have no hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy or vascular disease. Diabetes increases cardiac fatty acid oxidation, but cardiac hypertrophy limits fatty acid oxidation. Here we examined effects of diabetes on gene expression in rat hearts. Methods We used oligonucleotide microarrays to examine effects of insulindependent diabetes in the rat heart. RTQ PCR confirmed results of microarrays. Specific antibodies were used to examine changes in the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2). Results A surprising result of diabetes was increased mRNA encoding all enzymes of the ketone body synthesis pathway. Increased mRNA expression for these enzymes was confirmed by RTQ PCR. The mRNA encoding HMGCS2, the rate-controlling enzyme, was 27 times greater in diabetic hearts. Total HMGCS2 protein increased 8-fold in diabetic hearts, but no difference was found in HMGCS2 protein in control vs. diabetic liver. Conclusions Insulin-dependent diabetes induced the enzymes of ketone body synthesis in the heart, including HMGCS2, as well as increasing enzymes of fatty acid oxidation. General significance The mammalian heart does not export ketone bodies to other tissues, but rather is a major consumer of ketone bodies. Induction of HMGCS2, which is normally expressed only in the fetal and newborn heart, may indicate an adaptation by the heart to combat “metabolic inflexibility” by shifting the flux of excess intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA derived from elevated fatty acid oxidation into ketone bodies, liberating free CoA to balance the acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio in favor of increased glucose oxidation through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
Modulators of Enterococcus faecalis cell envelope integrity and antimicrobial resistance influence stable colonization of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract

The Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis is both a colonizer of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and an agent of serious nosocomial infections. Although it is typically required for pathogenesis, GIT colonization by E. faecalis is poorly understood. E. faecalis tolerates high concentrations of GIT antimicrobials, like cholate and lysozyme, leading us to hypothesize that resistance to intestinal antimicrobials is essential for long-term GIT colonization. Analyses of E. faecalis mutants exhibiting defects in antimicrobial resistance revealed that IreK, a determinant of envelope integrity and antimicrobial resistance, is required for long-term GIT colonization. IreK is a member of the PASTA kinase protein family, bacterial transmembrane signaling proteins implicated in the regulation of cell wall homeostasis. Among several determinants of cholate and lysozyme resistance in E. faecalis, IreK was the only one found to be required for intestinal colonization, emphasizing the importance of this protein to enterococcal adaptation to the GIT. By studying ΔireK suppressor mutants that recovered the ability to colonize the GIT, we identified two conserved enterococcal proteins (OG1RF_11271 and OG1RF_11272) that function antagonistically to IreK and interfere with cell envelope integrity, antimicrobial resistance, and GIT colonization. Our data suggest that IreK, through its kinase activity, inhibits the actions of these proteins. IreK, OG1RF_11271, and OG1RF_11272 are found in all enterococci, suggesting that their effect on GIT colonization is universal across enterococci. Thus, we have defined conserved genes in the enterococcal core genome that influence GIT colonization through their effect on enterococcal envelope integrity and antimicrobial resistance.
The Nuremberg veil

Subject autonomy is widely considered the distinctive achievement of contemporary research ethics. Popular history claims that there were no attempts to protect subject autonomy or informed consent until the Nuremberg Doctors’ Trial brought the Nazi research abuses into infamy. This is however a false history. There were at least two research codes in Europe before the Nazis: the Prussian Decree of 1900 and the German Reichsrundschreiben of 1931. Ironically, these codes had stricter demands for subject autonomy and informed consent than contemporary research codes like the Belmont Report and the Nuremberg Code. Yet, the strict demands were overridden by the Nazi state once it faced the emergencies of war. This historical lesson reveals a fundamental flaw in political liberalism, which caused the pre-Nazi codes to fail. But during the Nuremberg Trial, Allied prosecutors were manipulated by the Nazi defence into forgetting about these pre-Nazi codes. Consequently, a frightening lesson from history was lost to modern ethicists. Modern research codes remain vulnerable to the same problem that caused pre-Nazi codes to fail. Thus, recovering this lost history is as important as ever.
BioGenetic and Host Implications

It has been of substantial interest to identify the inherent factors that individuals may possess which could render them more likely to suffer adverse effects resulting from a standard radiation therapy treatment for cancer. Case reports have been published suggesting that patients with certain diseases, including collagen vascular diseases, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease, are at greater risk for developing normal tissue toxicities following radiation therapy. However, retrospective studies have generally not found substantial increases in the susceptibility of these patients for the development of normal tissue toxicities following radiotherapy. The focus of many research studies has been to develop cell-based assays to identify radiosensitive patients, but the only approach that appears promising in this regard is the lymphocyte apoptosis assay. On the genomic level, expression studies have suggested that altered expression of certain genes may correlate with adverse radiation effects. A major focus of the effort to identify markers for potential radiosensitivity, is the identification of genetic alterations, primarily single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with the development of radiation-induced toxicities. A series of candidate gene SNP studies has been performed whose results are supportive of the role for genetic factors conferring an increased risk for the development of radiation injuries. The current emphasis in this area of research is to perform genome wide association studies involving simultaneous screening of a broad range of genes for each patient using high density microarrays to identify SNPs that have the strongest associations with adverse effects arising from radiotherapy. Identification of such genetic markers may be of clinical significance as it could lead to the development of a predictive assay that will permit identification of potential radiotherapy patients that are at greatest risk for the development of radiation injuries. In addition, the discovery of genes whose products alter the susceptibility of patients for the development of normal tissue toxicities may provide valuable information as to the molecular pathways through which these radiation effects arise.
Quantifying Pediatric Facial Palsy: : Using Digital Image Correlation to Objectively Characterize Pediatric Facial Symmetry.

Objective:This study introduces digital image correlation (DIC) as a novel technology to objectively quantify pediatric facial symmetry.Design:Descriptive cohort study of patients’ facial symmetry ...
Mobile Health (mHealth) Versus Clinic-Based Group Intervention for People With Serious Mental Illness: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective:mHealth approaches that use mobile phones to deliver interventions can help improve access to care for people with serious mental illness. The goal was to evaluate how mHealth performs ag...
Properties of red maple laminated veneer lumber impregnated with waterborne micronized and two soluble copper formulations

ABSTRACTCertain important quality parameters of red maple (Acer rubrum) laminated veneer lumber (LVL) impregnated with three waterborne formulations: copper azole (CA-B), micronized copper azole (M...
Applying four-component instructional design to develop a case presentation curriculum

Medical students must gain proficiency with the complex skill of case presentations, yet current approaches to instruction are fragmented and often informal, resulting in suboptimal transfer of this skill into clinical practice. Whole task approaches to learning have been proposed to teach complex skill development. The authors describe a longitudinal case presentation curriculum developed using a whole task approach known as four-component instructional design (4-C/ID). 4‑C/ID is based on cognitive psychology theory, and carefully attends to titrating a learner's cognitive load, aiming to always keep students in their zone of proximal development. A multi-institutional group of medical educators convened to develop expert consensus regarding case presentation instruction using the 4‑C/ID model. A curriculum consisting of 1) learning tasks, 2) supportive information, 3) just-in-time information, and 4) part-task practice was developed. Domains were identified that make the task of delivering a case presentation complex. A simplifying conditions approach was applied to each domain to develop sequential task class descriptions. Examples of the four components are given to facilitate understanding of the 4‑C/ID model, making it more accessible to medical educators. Applying 4‑C/ID to curriculum development for the complex skill of case presentation delivery may optimize instruction. The provision of the complete curricular outline may facilitate transfer and implementation of this case presentation curriculum, as well as foster the application of 4‑C/ID to other complex skill development in medical education.
Aspects of Gauge Theory

Let us summarize briefly some of the material on integrable systems, bidifferential calculi, bicomplexes, etc. in Chapter 10 and highlight the connections to gauge theory and the SW map. We expand also the references to the SW map and cite [22, 35, 36, 55, 68, 77, 78, 109, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 438, 448, 615]. In a certain sense the relation of BC to integrable systems developed in Chapter 10 seems overly contrived since one seems to essentially insert by hand the coefficients needed to produce an integrrable system. However, looking at Examples 1.6, 1.7, etc. we see that the combinations of f, f x ,f xx ,f xxx ,etc. needed for KdV and other equations do actually arise by reverse engineering from simple commutativity properties of dx, dt,dt etc.
Cooperation between Non-Profit Fee-Based Information Services and For-Profit Brokers.

This article gives a general overview of U.S. non-profit fee-based information services, with emphasis on Purdue University's Technical Information Service (TIS). Examples are given of how these services can benefit for-profit brokers, both by supplying documents on a non-profit basis for the brokers, and by referring clients to brokers for specialized information projects
Coarctation resection in children with Turner's syndrome: a note of caution.

Eight children were recognized to have Turner’s syndrome, among 353 patients over 1 year of age who had undergone surgical treatment for coarctation of the aorta. Of these eight children, three developed a significant perioperative hemorrhage from aortic rupture, resulting in one death and one instance of paraparesis related to a period of prolonged hypotension. In two of the other five patients with Turner’s syndrome, a decision was made to perform an angioplasty rather than a resection of the coarctation because of apparent friability of the aortic wall. In contrast, only one of the 345 patients without Turner’s syndrome died as a result of surgical treatment, and none developed spontaneous perioperative aortic rupture or neurologic deficit. This experience suggests that the operative risk for coarctation of the aorta in this subgroup of patients is considerably greater than that in patients without Turner’s syndrome (p
Effects of Resonance Voice Therapy on Hormone-Related Vocal Disorders in Professional Singers: A Pilot Study.

Background:Menstruation-related hormonal alteration can be detrimental to the professional singing voice of women. Resonance Voice Therapy (RVT) has been proven to improve vocal production. However...
ADAPT: algorithmic differentiation applied to floating-point precision tuning

HPC applications use floating point arithmetic operations extensively to solve computational problems. Mixed-precision computing seeks to use the lowest precision data type that is sufficient to achieve a desired accuracy, improving performance and reducing power consumption. Manually optimizing a program to use mixed precision is challenging as it not only requires extensive knowledge about the numerical behavior of the algorithm but also estimates of the rounding errors. In this work, we present ADAPT, a scalable approach for mixed-precision analysis on HPC workloads using algorithmic differentiation to provide accurate estimates about the final output error. ADAPT provides a floating-point precision sensitivity profile while incurring an overhead of only a constant multiple of the original computation irrespective of the number of variables analyzed. The sensitivity profile can be used to make algorithmic choices and to develop mixed-precision configurations of a program. We evaluate ADAPT on six benchmarks and a proxy application (LULESH) and show that we are able to achieve a speedup of 1.2× on the proxy application.
O-032 Initial implementation of dual-energy CT for post-procedure imaging after mechanical thrombectomy at a single institution

Background Post-procedure intracranial imaging is important to help guide blood pressure management, and the potential need for anti-platelet therapy in post-thrombectomy patients. However, discerning contrast staining from acute hemorrhage in post-thrombectomy patients can be difficult as both entities appear hyperdense on non-contrast head CT. Newer imaging modalities such as dual-energy (DE) head CT may provide a viable solution by separating blood from iodine during CT acquisition. We describe our initial experience of implementing DE head CT in post-thrombectomy patients at a single institution. Methods Post-thrombectomy patients who underwent post-surgical DECT head imaging were evaluated from October 2017-January 2018 (since implementation of DE imaging) at our institution. Two independent neuroradiologists blindly reviewed the post-thrombectomy DECT head for hemorrhage and the subsequent post-operative MRI, both of which were performed within 24 hours of intervention. When MRI could not be performed, a follow-up standard head CT was performed at 24 hours. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and kappa values for inter-observer variability were calculated. Data on age, gender, NIHSS, modified TICI score, number of thrombectomy attempts (aspiration, stent retriever, or both) and 90 day modified Rankin score (mRS) were collected, as well. Results Twenty-three patients were evaluated with post-thrombectomy DECT head imaging. Post-thrombectomy MRI was performed in 18/23 patients (78%). Mean age, presenting NIHSS score, percent TICI 2b or greater revascularization was 64, 14, and 91%, respectively. Mean number of thrombectomy attempts was 1.7. Ninety-day mRS was available in 17/23 patients (74%) and 59% of patients achieved mRS≤2 at 90 days. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of identifying hemorrhage on the DECT by neuroradiology reader A was: 57.1%, 89.0%, and 89.0%, respectively. In neuroradiology reader B they were: 58.0%, 73.0%, and 70.0%, respectively. The kappa value between readers was 0.7. Conclusion In our initial implementation of DECT imaging in post-thrombectomy patients, there is substantial inter-observer agreement between two neuroradiologists. While the patient cohort is small, the high PPV of DECT imaging can aid in the post-operative management of these patients. It can also help in the decision and timing to start anti-platelet therapy. Importantly, the high specificity of DECT indicates that this technique can serve as a useful discriminator between clinically-insignificant contrast staining and actual intracerebral hemorrhage. Disclosures J. Magarik: None. R. Chitale: None. M. Fusco: None. M. Froehler: None. J. Aulino: None. L. Davis: None.
Acoustic radiation force imaging using a single-shot spiral readout

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate rapid magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging (MR-ARFI) using a single shot spiral readout for focused ultrasound (FUS) guidance and for local tissue displacement measurements. A magnetic resonance guided FUS system was used to focus a 3 MHz ultrasound beam to a predetermined position. MR-ARFI was performed with a Bruker 7 T MRI using a modified single-shot spiral readout, with additional motion encoding gradients that convert local displacement into the phase image. Post processing was then used to analyze the resulting displacement and to evaluate the method's performance for the detection of tissue changes resulting from thermal ablation. The single-shot spiral readout acquires a single MR-ARFI image in one second, which is up to two orders of magnitude faster than conventional 2D spin-warp spin echo that acquires the k-space data line by line. The ARFI displacement in tissue mimicking phantoms was detected and localized with less than 5% geometric distortion. The ARFI displacement was also measured pre and post thermal ablation in an ex vivo chicken breast. For transmitted peak negative pressure of 8.6 MPa, the maximum displacement of the tissue that was ablated to 70 °C was 78% lower than the pre-ablated tissue. Since spiral readout is not prone to geometrical distortion, it is well-suited for FUS guidance, without generating undesired temperature elevation. Additionally, local displacement measurements of tissues can be performed rapidly during thermal ablation procedures and may help to assess the success of the treatment.
Human, Virtual Human, Bump! A Preliminary Study on Haptic Feedback

How does haptic feedback during a human-virtual human interaction affect emotional arousal in virtual reality? In this between-subjects study, we compare haptic feedback and no haptic feedback conditions in which a virtual human “bumps” into the participant in order to determine the influence of haptic feedback on emotional arousal, sense of presence, and embodiment in virtual reality, as well as compare self-report measures of emotional arousal to those objectively collected via event-related galvanic skin response (GSR) recordings. We plan to extend the current preliminary study by adding three more conditions as described in the future work section. Participants are students age 18–32 with at least moderate experience in virtual reality. Preliminary results indicate significant differences in presence and embodiment between haptic feedback and no haptic feedback groups. With our small sample size at the current time, GSR does not show significant differences between haptic and no haptic feedback conditions.
Genetic and genomic evolution of sexual reproduction: echoes from LECA to the fungal kingdom

Sexual reproduction is vastly diverse and yet highly conserved across the eukaryotic domain. This ubiquity suggests that the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) was sexual. It is hypothesized that several critical processes in sexual reproduction, including cell fusion and meiosis, were acquired during the evolution from the first eukaryotic common ancestor (FECA) to the sexual LECA. However, it is challenging to delineate the exact origin and evolution of sexual reproduction given that both FECA and LECA are extinct. Studies of diverse eukaryotes have helped to shed light on this sexual evolutionary trajectory, revealing that a primordial sexual ploidy cycle likely involved endoreplication followed by concerted chromosome loss and that cell-cell fusion, meiosis, and sex determination later arose to shape modern sexual reproduction. Despite the general conservation of sexual reproduction processes throughout eukaryotes, modern sexual cycles are immensely diverse and complex. This diversity and complexity has become readily apparent in the fungal kingdom with the recent rapid expansion of whole-genome sequencing. This abundance of data, the variety of genetic tools available to manipulate and characterize fungi, and the thorough characterization of many fungal sexual cycles make the fungal kingdom an excellent forum, in which to study the conservation and diversification of sexual reproduction.
Parental host species affects behavior and parasitism by the pentatomid egg parasitoid, Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

Abstract The samurai wasp, Trissolcus japonicus, is the primary natural enemy of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, in its native range of Asia. Laboratory tests have found that the wasp can parasitize numerous native pentatomid species in North America, yet many potentially influential factors involved with T. japonicus host acceptance and host suitability are understudied. In this study we evaluated the effects of host-related semiochemicals and parental host species on T. japonicus host foraging behavior and host parasitism. To address possible influences of parental host species, separate parasitoid lines were established using H. halys and native predatory pentatomid Podisus maculiventris eggs as hosts. Female T. japonicus from both host types were exposed to soybean (Glycine max) leaf surfaces contaminated by adult kairomones of either host species in behavioral assays. Females from each host type were also subject to no-choice tests in which they were exposed to either H. halys or P. maculiventris egg masses in large mesh cages. Each female used in the no-choice tests was weighed and their right hind tibiae were measured to identify possible phenotypic plasticity. Results from the behavioral assays suggest that T. japonicus exhibits some degree of host fidelity while searching for hosts. Females which emerged from P. maculiventris eggs resided for equal amounts of time on leaves contaminated with kairomones from either stink bug species. Differences in no-choice test performance were not found between the two host types, as parasitism rates and host suitability were determined to be dependent on exposed host species and not the parasitoid parental host species. T. japonicus which emerged from H. halys possessed longer right hind tibiae and weighed roughly twice as much as wasps which emerged from P. maculiventris.
Advancing Computational Advertising: Conceptualization of the Field and Future Directions

This editorial introduces the special section on Advances in Computational Advertising. We define computational advertising, as well as discuss the historical background and conceptualization of th...
A Fetal Movement Simulation System for Wearable Vibrational Sensors

This paper introduces a low-cost phantom system that simulates fetal movements (FMVs) for the first time. This vibration system can be used for testing wearable inertial sensors which detect FMVs from the abdominal wall. The system consists of a phantom abdomen, a linear stage with a stepper motor, a tactile transducer, and control circuits. The linear stage is used to generate mechanical vibrations which are transferred to the latex abdomen. A tactile transducer is implemented to add environmental noise to the system. The system is characterized and tested using a wireless sensor. The sensor recordings are analyzed using time-frequency analysis and the results are compared to real FMVs reported in the literature. Experiments are conducted to characterize the vibration range, frequency response, and noise generation of the system. It is shown that the system is effective in simulating the vibration of fetal movements, covering the full frequency and magnitude ranges of real FMV vibrations. The noise generation test shows that the system can effectively create scenarios with different signal-to-noise ratios for FMV detection. The system can facilitate the development of fetal movement monitoring systems and algorithms.
Experimental warming reduces gut prokaryotic diversity, survival and thermal tolerance of the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar)

Understanding the effects of environmental disturbances on the health and physiology of insects is crucial in predicting the impact of climate change on their distribution, abundance, and ecology. As microbial symbionts have been shown to play an integral role in a diversity of functions within the insect host, research examining how organisms adapt to environmental fluctuations should include their associated microbiota. Previous studies have shown that temperature affects the diversity of protists in termite gut, but less is known about the bacterial symbionts. In this study, subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar)) were exposed to three different temperature treatments characterized as low (15C), medium (27C), and high (35C). Results showed low temperature exposed termites had significantly lower CTmin and significantly higher SCP values compared to termites from medium or high temperature groups. This suggests that pre-exposure to cold allowed termites to stay active longer in decreasing temperatures but caused termites to freeze at higher temperatures. High temperature exposure had the most deleterious effects on termites with a significant reduction in termite survival as well as reduced ability to withstand cold stress. The microbial community of high temperature exposed termites showed a reduction in bacterial richness and decreased relative abundance of Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia, and methanogenic Euryarchaeota. Our results indicate a potential link between gut bacterial symbionts and termite9s physiological response to environmental changes and highlight the need to consider microbial symbionts in studies relating to insect thermosensitivity.
Treatment nonresponse in children receiving silver diamine fluoride for caries: A pilot study

Abstract Objectives: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a nonsurgical therapy for the arrest and prevention of dental caries with demonstrated clinical efficacy. Approximately 20% of children receiving SDF fail to respond to treatment. The objective of this study was to develop a predictive model of treatment nonresponse using machine learning. Methods: An observational pilot study (N=20) consisting of children with and without active decay and who did and did not respond to silver diamine fluoride provided salivary samples and plaque from infected and contralateral sites. 16S rRNA genes from samples were amplified and sequenced on an Illumina Miseq and analyzed using QIIME. The association between operational taxonomic units and treatment nonresponse was assessed using lasso regression and artificial neural networks. Results: Bivariate group comparisons of bacterial abundance indicate a number of genera were significantly different between nonresponders and those who responded to SDF therapy. No differences were found between nonresponders and caries-active subjects. Prevotella pallens and Veillonella denticariosi were retained in full lasso models and combined with clinical variables in a six-input multilayer perceptron. Discussion: The acidogenic and acid-tolerant nature of retained bacterial species may overcome the antimicrobial effects of SDF. Further research to validate the model in larger external samples is needed.
Sleep touches everything.

Citation:Robertson BD, Collen JC. Sleep touches everything. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(12):1997–1998.
First Investigation of the Clustering Environment of Damped Lyα Absorbers at z ≃ 4*

We report the first observations of the clustering environment of damped Lyman α absorption systems at z 4. Color selection and photometric redshifts were used to select 44 candidate Lyman-break galaxies brighter than IAB = 25.5 from deep BRI images of the 35 arcmin2 field containing the quasar BR 0951-04. Multislit spectroscopy of 35 candidate galaxies was performed and eight of these candidates have been confirmed as z > 3.5 Lyman-break galaxies. With only BRI photometry, the photometric redshifts are quite accurate for the spectroscopically confirmed galaxies but have a high rate of misclassification due to color degeneracies between Lyman-break galaxies and low-redshift ellipticals. Both of the z > 3.5 galaxies found within 15'' of the quasar line-of-sight appear to be causing absorption systems in the quasar spectrum. We use a battery of statistical tests to look for clustering in the redshift histogram of the z > 3.5 galaxies but do not find measurable clustering of these Lyman-break galaxies with the damped Lyα absorbers. With a larger sample of galaxies, our method should determine the cross-correlation between these objects, which probes the bias and hence the mass of the damped Lyα absorbers.
Simulating the Effects of Surface Energy Partitioning on Convective Organization: Case Study and Observations in the US Southern Great Plains

Author(s): Dai, Y; Williams, IN; Qiu, S | Abstract: Realistic cloud-resolving simulations were performed to study the effects of surface energy partitioning (surface sensible and latent heat fluxes) on the organization of isolated convection into larger mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) near the US Southern Great Plains. The role of cold pools in mediating surface-convection interactions was explored. Better organized MCSs tended to occur in the experiments with perturbed wetter soil (and more active vegetation), regardless of the effects of soil moisture on the diurnal timing of convective triggering. Wetter soil led to shallower boundary layers and more convective available potential energy than drier soil. The roles of cold pools on convection are lifecycle-stage dependent: A dry surface allows more numerous colliding cold pools, thereby aiding in convective triggering by reducing entrainment in the early stages, and providing gust-front uplift in later stages. However, horizontal propagation of the cold-pool density current can outrun the convective system, creating a slantwise updraft and thus weakening the gust front uplift in later stages. This effect calls into question previous cold pool parameterizations, in which the gust front uplift is mainly proportional to the negative buoyancy of cold air. Lastly, both the model and observation show an enhancement of surface latent heat flux during the passage of a gust front at night, suggesting that a positive feedback between the surface and convection helps MCSs to persist into the nighttime.
Near infrared diffusive light imaging with ultrasound localization

because there is no known robust stopping criterion to terminate iterative image reconstruction algorithms. No further iterations are needed with the a priori knowledge from co-registered ultrasound. Figure 1 shows an example of ultrasound assisted NIR image reconstruction.2 Figure 1(a) shows the contours of ultrasound image of two targets 1 cm in size. Figure 1(b) is the NIR image of the two targets. The target indicated by the white arrow in part (b) is displaced from its true location by about 1 cm and the reconstructed absorption coefficient is only 50% of the true value. With the ultrasound localization shown in part (a), the NIR image shown in Fig. 1(c) provides correction target locations and the reconstructed absorption coefficients are within 20% of the true values. By adding optical contrasts to ultrasonically detected lesions, the combined approach has great promise in improving breast cancer diagnosis.4 Optical contrasts will significantly improve diagnostic ultrasound in differentiating benign from malignant solid lesions.
Evaluating end-of-life chemotherapy for solid tumor and hematologic malignancy patients

Despite guidelines, chemotherapy near end-of-life (EOL) remains common, particularly in hematologic malignancy (HM). Determinants of EOL chemotherapy for hospitalized cancer patients are not well e...
Recurrent neural networks with long term temporal dependencies in machine tool wear diagnosis and prognosis

Data-driven approaches for machine tool wear diagnosis and prognosis are gaining attention in the past few years. The goal of our study is to advance the adaptability, flexibility, prediction performance, and prediction horizon for online monitoring and prediction. This paper proposes the use of a recent deep learning method, based on Gated Recurrent Neural Network architecture, including Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), which try to captures long-term dependencies than regular Recurrent Neural Network method for modeling sequential data, and also the mechanism to realize the online diagnosis and prognosis and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction with indirect measurement collected during the manufacturing process. Existing models are usually tool-specific and can hardly be generalized to other scenarios such as for different tools or operating environments. Different from current methods, the proposed model requires no prior knowledge about the system and thus can be generalized to different scenarios and machine tools. With inherent memory units, the proposed model can also capture long-term dependencies while learning from sequential data such as those collected by condition monitoring sensors, which means it can be accommodated to machine tools with varying life and increase the prediction performance. To prove the validity of the proposed approach, we conducted multiple experiments on a milling machine cutting tool and applied the model for online diagnosis and RUL prediction. Without loss of generality, we incorporate a system transition function and system observation function into the neural net and trained it with signal data from a minimally intrusive vibration sensor. The experiment results showed that our LSTM-based model achieved the best overall accuracy among other methods, with a minimal Mean Square Error (MSE) for tool wear prediction and RUL prediction respectively.
The role of CBFβ in AML1-ETO's activity

To the editor: AML1-ETO is the chimeric protein generated as a result of the t(8;21) in acute myeloid leukemia. Understanding which of the proteins that interact with AML1-ETO are essential for its activity is vital for developing targeted small-molecule AML1-ETO inhibitors. Two papers recently
Sex Effects on Mirror Overflow during Finger Tapping in Children with ADHD.

OBJECTIVES The presence of excessive mirror overflow in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is discussed in numerous published reports. These reports, however, include a limited age range in their samples. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of diagnosis and sex on mirror overflow and standard deviation (SD) of tap time in children with and without ADHD across a larger age range (5-12 years) of children. METHODS One-hundred and forty-eight children with ADHD and 112 age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) children completed a finger sequencing task. Mirror overflow, SD of tap time, and mean tap time were measured using finger twitch transducers. RESULTS Results reveal a significant diagnostic effect on mirror overflow such that boys and girls with ADHD demonstrate increased overflow compared to same-sex TD children. Boys with ADHD demonstrated more variable tap times compared to TD boys; no diagnostic effect was observed in the girls. CONCLUSIONS Boys with ADHD exhibit anomalous motor variability; girls with ADHD show similar levels of variability as TD girls. Boys and girls with ADHD exhibit similar levels of excessive mirror overflow. This lack of sex differences on mirror overflow is distinct from reports finding sex effects on overflow and could result from an examination of a broader age range than is included in prior reports. Adolescent data would provide a greater understanding of the trajectory of anomalous mirror overflow across development. Examination of functional and structural connectivity would expand the current understanding of the neurobiological foundation of motor overflow.
An Overview of Urban Agriculture Youth Programs in Major Cities of the U.S. and the Integration of STEM Curriculum and Activities

The purpose of this study was to learn the extent to which urban agriculture projects are incorporating youth STEM education by providing resources or programs to teach project-based learning related to STEM subject areas into their operations and typify them based on their programs. The top 35 most populated cities in the United States were searched for organizations with both urban agriculture and K-12 youth education components. The 40 organizations that met the criteria were then typified by the programs they have and evaluated for their incorporation of STEM education into their operations. Nineteen of the organizations were determined to have programs that had STEM curriculum integrated into their program; 16 organizations did not have specific STEM goals in their educational programs but did have STEM related activities; the minority of organizations (five) had neither STEM goals nor STEM related activities. Merging urban agriculture projects with STEM learning is a logical step because these organizations provide educational resources and empowerment that can help students succeed in school. Further research is needed to determine the educational outcomes of these programs, but their contribution to youth STEM education should be considered.
Working and Shirking: Equilibrium in Public Goods Games with Overlapping Generations of Players

In overlapping-generations models of public gods provision, in which the contribution decision is binary and lifetimes are finite, the set of symmetric subgame-perfect equilibria can be categorized into three types: seniority equilibria in which players contribute (effort) until a predetermined age and then shirk thereafter; dependency equilibria in which players initially shirk, then contribute for a set number of periods, then shirk for the remainder of their lives; and sabbatical equilibria in which players alternately contribute and shirk for periods of varying length before entering a final stage of shirking. In a world without discounting we establish conditions for equilibrium and demonstrate that for any dependency equilibrium there is a seniority equilibrium that Pareto-dominates it ex ante. We proceed to characterize generational preferences over alternative seniority equilibria. We explore the aggregation of these preferences by embedding the public goods provision game in a voting framework and solving for the majority-rule equilibria. In this way we can think of political processes as providing one natural framework for equilibrium selection in the original public-goods provision game.
Chapter 2 Cloning and analysis of Bcl-2 family genes

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the Bcl-2 family, describing characteristics used for the isolation of new members. The chapter provides an overview of how several Bcl-2 homologs are isolated, cloned, and characterized. The chapter discusses the functional assays used to test Bcl-2 function and regulation. The Bcl-2 family of proteins regulates cell death by either inducing or inhibiting apoptosis. The antiapoptotic subfamily includes Bcl-2, Bcl-X L , Bcl-w, Mcl-1, A1, NR-13, and CED-9. When over expressed, these proteins protect the cells from apoptotic stimuli, such as growth factor withdrawal, irradiation, DNA-damaging agents, and some death receptor signals. The Bax subfamily includes Bax, Bak, and Bok. The BH3-only subfamily includes Bik, Blk, Hrk, BimL, Bad, Bid, and EGL-1. Both the Bax and BH3- only subfamilies, induce apoptosis when over expressed. Moreover, the presence of conserved BH domains among Bcl-2 family members has allowed the identification and cloning of several Bcl-2 family members at the DNA level by low stringency DNA hybridization, PCR, and database searches. By understanding the differences in BH domains between Bcl-2 subfamilies, future searches for novel Bcl-2 family members can be directed toward a specific activity.
Performance of Stabilized Diesel Fuels Containing Alcohols and Water in Single and Multicylinder Direct Injection Engines

Single cylinder and multicylinder direct injection engines from the same engine family were used to evaluate the performance of stabilized diesel fuels containing methanol, ethanol, water, and chemical stabilizer. Engine speed and load conditions were selected to provide sufficient smoke and particulate emissions for accurate measurement. All fuels were operated at equal energy input rates for the engine being tested. The stabilized fuels containing alcohols had relatively minor effects on the HC, CO, and NOX emissions and engine brake efficiency for either the single or multicylinder engine. The water microemulsion fuel demonstrated a tendancy for increased HC and CO emissions, and minor changes in the NOX and brake efficiency for both engines. Both engines demonstrated reduced smoke and particulate emissions for the stabilized alcohol and water microemulsion fuels. These reductions ranged from only a few percent to over 50% and were accompanied by significant increases in the Soluble Organic Fraction of the particulate.
Pharmacy Entrepreneurial Orientation: Antecedents and Its Effect on the Provision of Innovative Pharmacy Services

The objective of this paper is to describe the construction and subsequent evaluation of a multi-dimensional measure of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of community pharmacies, to identify antecedents to the pharmacy's EO (PHARMEO), and to assess the relationship between levels of EO and the provision of new innovative services by the pharmacies. A mail survey of a random sample of 630 community pharmacies in United States was conducted. A response rate of 38% was achieved. Using the second order confirmatory factor analysis, an 18 item measure of EO was found to have six dimensions as predicted: proactiveness, innovativeness, risk taking, autonomy, competitive aggressiveness and work ethic. Four antecedents of EO were identified: environmental munificence, independent or small pharmacy chain, organicity of pharmacy structure, and the perceived adequacy of pharmacy resources. The proportion of high-EO pharmacies providing five of seven innovative pharmacy services was significantly higher than the provision of low-EO pharmacies providing the service. Those services are: specialized compounding, asthma care management, patient compliance monitoring, diabetes care management, and formal evaluation of patients' health risks. We provided evidence of reliability and validity of a measure of EO, identified four antecedents of pharmacy EO, and showed that EO is a useful indicator of whether a pharmacy will develop new pharmacy services. Pharmacy business managers and researchers are encouraged to consider EO as a key facilitator in developing new pharmacy services.