cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Liquid-Vapor Bubbly-Flow Systems in Reciprocating Motion

An analytical study is performed on the dynamics and hydrodynamic stability of liquid-vapor mixtures in the bubbly-flow range in reciprocating motion through a horizontal channel. The perturbation technique is applied on the one-dimensional conservation equations for laminar flow and on the thermodynamic equation of state. The Laplace transform is operated on the linearized equations from which a transfer function is derived, relating the flow rate change due to a change in pressure drop along the channel. The resulting characteristic equation is analyzed to determine the dynamic behavior of the two-phase flow in reciprocating motion and the conditions for neutral stability under which self-induced oscillations occur. The natural frequency of the physical system is derived, which can be used to predict the resonance that will occur in forced vibrations. Results can be applied to systems such as car suspensions (shock absorbers) in which oil is susceptible to cavitation, resulting in bubbly flow due to vibrations. Conditions under which resonance occurs in the two-phase system are determined. Resonance lead to severe oscillations and noise generation, as experienced in shock absorbers in car suspension
Homocysteine and reactive oxygen species in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atheroscleropathy: the pleiotropic effects of folate supplementation.

Homocysteine has emerged as a novel independent marker of risk for the development of cardiovascular disease over the past three decades. Additionally, there is a graded mortality risk associated with an elevated fasting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy). Metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are now considered to be a strong coronary heart disease (CHD) risk enhancer and a CHD risk equivalent respectively. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in patients with MS and T2DM would be expected to share a similar prevalence to the general population of five to seven percent and of even greater importance is: Declining glomerular filtration and overt diabetic nephropathy is a major determinant of tHcy elevation in MS and T2DM.
Optimal Methods for Shoulder Tendon Palpation: A Cadaver Study

Background and Purpose. Physical therapists often must either palpate tendons of the shoulder or, as part of treatment, apply forces to those tendons. Many methods have been suggested for minimizing the amount of soft tissue that overlies these tendons, but no data have been presented to justify the use of any approach. The purpose of this study was to evaluate methods described in the literature by use of cadaver models. Subjects. Twenty-four shoulders from 12 cadavers of individuals aged 55 to 92 years were dissected. Methods. Shoulders were placed in the positions described in the literature, and the positions in which the tendons were maximally exposed (ie, had the least overlying tissue) were noted. Results. Positions were found in which tendons were maximally exposed. Conclusion and Discussion. Positions described in the literature for optimizing the exposure of shoulder tendons are not always optimal, and palpation and treatment may be improved by using positions determined by research such as those suggested in this report.
Molecular dynamics simulation of cascade damage in gold

High-energy cascades have been simulated in gold using molecular dynamics with a modified embedded atom method potential. The results show that both vacancy and interstitial clusters form with high probability as a result of intracascade processes. The formation of clusters has been interpreted in terms of the high pressures generated in the core of the cascade during the early stages. We provide evidence that correlation between interstitial and vacancy clustering exists.
Humor ability reveals intelligence, predicts mating success, and is higher in males.

Abstract A good sense of humor is sexually attractive, perhaps because it reveals intelligence, creativity, and other ‘good genes’ or ‘good parent’ traits. If so, intelligence should predict humor production ability, which in turn should predict mating success. In this study, 400 university students (200 men and 200 women) completed measures of abstract reasoning (Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices), verbal intelligence (the vocabulary subtest of the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery), humor production ability (rated funniness of captions written for three cartoons), and mating success (from the Sexual Behaviors and Beliefs Questionnaire). Structural equation models showed that general and verbal intelligence both predict humor production ability, which in turn predicts mating success, such as lifetime number of sexual partners. Also, males showed higher average humor production ability. These results suggest that the human sense of humor evolved at least partly through sexual selection as an intelligence-indicator.
Roles of morphological awareness in the reading comprehension of Spanish-speaking language minority learners: Exploring partial mediation by vocabulary and reading fluency

This study investigated the direct and indirect roles of morphological awareness reading comprehension for Spanish-speaking language minority learners reading in English. Multivariate path analysis was used to investigate the unique contribution of derivational morphological awareness to reading comprehension as well as its indirect contributions via three hypothesized mediators for students in sixth, seventh, and eighth grade (N = 101). Results indicated a significant unique contribution of morphological awareness, controlling for phonemic decoding, listening comprehension, reading vocabulary, word reading fluency, and passage reading fluency. Results further indicated significant indirect contributions of morphological awareness via reading vocabulary and passage fluency, but not via word reading fluency. Findings suggest that morphological awareness may play multiple important roles in second-language reading comprehension.
Complexation of Organic Substances in Aqueous Solution by Hydroxyaromatic Acids and Their Salts: Relative Contributions of Several Factors to the Overall Effect

Apparent stability constants in water of approximately 100 molecular complexes formed between aromatic acids hydroxylated to varying degrees and their salts, on one hand, and four organic compounds, theophylline, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, and phenacetin, on the other, are reported. The data show that introduction of —OH into the first group, particularly ortho to a carboxylate grouping, produced marked enhancement in binding. The relative magnitude of the constants suggest that neither the squeezing out force nor hydrogen bonding is significantly responsible in most instances for the observed effects.
Inverse measure-based tail modeling approaches for structural reliability estimation

Sampling-based reliability estimation with expensive computer models may be computationally prohibitive. One way to alleviate the computational expense in high reliability designs is to extrapolate reliability estimates from observed levels to unobserved levels. Classical tail modeling approaches provide a class of models to enable this extrapolation using asymptotic theory by approximating the tail region of the cumulative distribution function (CDF). This paper proposes an alternate tail extrapolation based on inverse measure, which can complement classical tail modeling. The proposed approach applies a nonlinear transformation to the CDF of the inverse measure and approximates the transformed CDF by a quadratic polynomial. Accuracy and the computational efficiency are competing factors in selecting sample size. Yet, as our numerical studies reveal, the accuracy lost to the reduction of computational power is very small in the proposed method. The method is demonstrated on two engineering examples and on true statistical distributions.
Masturbatory-Orgasmic Extracephalic Pain

Two single men, one with compressive spondylitic cervical myelopathy and another with tethered cord and intraspinal lipoma, experienced severe paroxysmal ice pick-like pains, solely referred to the neck in the first and to the groin and genitalia in the second, that were precipitated by masturbation and masturbatory orgasms. Continuous, but less intense, background pain was reported by both patients over the same anatomic areas. Neither had intracranial lesions, epilepsy, or suffered from migraine. Recently, extratrigeminal ice pick status was reported in this journal. These two unusual cases represent examples of extracephalic ice pick-like pain triggered by sexual activity, in the absence of orgasmic cephalgia.
Effects of Pictographs and Quoting on Flaming in Electronic Mail.

Abstract This experimental study examined the effects of pictographs (typographic symbols typically used to express emotion) and quoting (responding to a message by including full or partial quotes from that message) on the perception of flaming (hostile verbal behavior) in electronic mail. It was hypothesized that (a) the presence of pictographs would reduce perceptions of flaming and (b) the use of quoting would increase perceptions of flaming. The results were generally supportive of the first hypothesis. A significant moderating effect on perceptions of flaming was observed in messages with pictographs, although that effect diminished as the intensity of hostility increased. Limited support was found for the second hypothesis; results suggest quoting may increase perceptions of flaming only when messages are overtly hostile. In addition to these findings, the study advances a clearer understanding of when a message becomes a flame, as the results suggest flaming is most clearly associated with the expression of antagonism.
Comparison of the Oxidative Burst Signaling Pathways of Plants and Human Neutrophils

In both the plant and animal kingdoms, host defense appears to occur in 3 stages: pathogen recognition, pathogen destruction, and the strengthening of physical barriers to retard spread of surviving pathogens/parasites [1,2]. Although the mechanisms of pathogen destruction appear quite diverse between the two kingdoms, these mechanisms still follow the same basic set of strategies. Thus, both kingdoms attempt to poison the pathogen [1,3], lyse the pathogen’s cell membranes [4,2], starve the pathogen by inducing their own infected cells to commit suicide [5,6], or oxidize the pathogen [7,8]. The latter killing strategy, i.e. the release of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the direct vicinity of the invading organism, has attracted recent attention among plant biochemists, both with regard to its possible functions and mechanisms of formation [9,10]. As we have engaged in our own investigation of this pathway, we have been struck by both the similarities and differences between the plant and animal oxidative bursts. In this publication we compare the pathways of the two kingdoms and point out where they are similar and where they are different.
Advances in Parallel Transistor-Level Circuit Simulation

Parallel transistor-level circuit simulation has the potential to significantly impact the need for reliably determining parasitic effects for modern feature sizes. Incorporating parallelism into a simulator at both coarse and fine-grained levels, through the use of message-passing and threading paradigms, is supported by the advent of inexpensive clusters, as well as multi-core technology. However, its effectiveness is reliant upon the development of efficient parallel algorithms for traditional “true SPICE” circuit simulation. In this paper, we will discuss recent advances in fully parallel transistor-level full-chip circuit simulation, concluding with scaling results from a newer strategy for the parallel preconditioned iterative solution of circuit matrices.
In Defense of the Current Treatment of Carried Interest

The Obama administration and several commentators have asserted that the current taxation of so-called ‘‘carried interest’’ at capital gains rates is wrong and unjustified. Their case for this change is based on their characterization of the distributions to the partners in question as payments for their services. If that characterization were correct, there would be a very strong case for ordinary income treatment. This letter to the editor explains that, to the contrary, that characterization is erroneous. When the nature of the transaction is examined, it is clear that capital gain treatment is entirely consistent with tax policy and is appropriate.
Content recommendation for attention management in unified social messaging

With the growing popularity of social networks and collaboration systems, people are increasingly working with or socially connected with each other. Unified messaging system provides a single interface for users to receive and process information from multiple sources. It is highly desirable to design attention management solution that can help users easily navigate and process dozens of unread messages from a unified message system. Moreover, with the proliferation of mobile devices people are now selectively consuming the most important messages on the go between different activities in their daily life. The information overload problem is especially acute for mobile users with small screen to display. In this paper, we present PAM, an intelligent end-to-end Personalized Attention Management solution that employs analytical techniques that can learn user interests and organize and prioritize incoming messages based on user interests. For a list of unread messages, PAM generates a concise attention report that allows users to quickly scan the important new messages from his important social connections as well as messages about his most important tasks that the user is involved with. Our solution can also be applied in other applications such as news filtering and alerts on mobile devices. Our evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of PAM.
Transnational practices and language maintenance: Spanish and Zapoteco in California

The theoretical framework of transnationalism has become more prominent within migration studies, examining how (im)migrants maintain connections with communities in their homeland (Sanchez, P. 2007a. “Cultural Authenticity and Transnational Latina Youth: Constructing a Meta-narrative Across Borders.” Linguistics and Education 18: 258–282). Children's identities are also affected by maintaining ties to their parents’ homeland through language. In California, a group of (im)migrants from Mexico, of Zapotec-speaking backgrounds, were among the families who wanted their children to maintain their Spanish language by enrolling in a dual immersion school. Although California has exhibited anti-immigrant rhetoric and legislated against bilingual education, some programs supporting heritage language maintenance continue to exist. This article presents interview data from 10 students who attended this school and their parents. Students maintained transnational and intergenerational ties to their families and comm...
10. The intonation of nominal parentheticals in Japanese

The issue that I take up in this paper is the cross-linguistic variation in the number of prosodic levels, focusing on the case of Japanese. Some previous work on Japanese intonation, including those on J-ToBI and XJToBI, has not posited an Intonational Phrase (IntP), a level above a Major Phrase and below an Utterance (Beckman and Pierrehumbert, 1986; Pierrehumbert and Beckman, 1988; Maekawa et al. , 2002; Venditti, 2005). However, it has been proposed that an IntP plays a role in many other languages for example, in Italian, an IntP defines a domain of spirantization (Nespor and Vogel, 1986: 205211); in English, an IntP is signaled by socalled ‘comma intonation’ with a distinct pause and boundary tones (Nespor and Vogel, 1986; Selkirk, 2005).
FEApps: Boosting students' enthusiasm for coding and app designing, with a deeper learning experience in engineering fundamentals

In this article, a model for a multi-goal course project is reported and discussed. Teams of students are asked to create attractive Matlab Apps for topics related to “Fundamentals of Engineering” (FE) exam (hence called “FEApps”). The main goals of this project, discussed in details in the article, are: (1) allowing students practice coding in a new innovative environment, (2) encouraging students to think as designers who create user-friendly and robust products or services and their user manuals, (3) giving students the chance to work in teams with more useful interactions among teams, (4) showing students the benefit of writing multiple drafts for their projects and getting many feedback before the final presentations, and (5) refreshing students’ knowledge about topics related to FE exam. The article provides some examples of “FEApps” created by the participating students. This course project guarantees the highest student retention rates based on the well-known “learning pyramid” and focuses on one of the relatively difficult mechanical engineering program outcomes, specified by the ABET, which is outcome i: “a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning.” The project assessment survey results proved that all project goals had been successfully met. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21723
Patient characteristics as a moderator of post-traumatic stress disorder treatment outcome: combining symptom burden and strengths.

Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) psychotherapy research has failed to identify patient characteristics that consistently predict differential outcome. Aims To identify patient characteristics associated with differential outcome via a statistically generated composite moderator among women with childhood abuse-related PTSD in a randomised controlled trial comparing exposure therapy, skills training and their combination. Method Six baseline patient characteristics were combined in a composite moderator of treatment effects for PTSD symptoms across the three treatment conditions through a 6-month follow-up. Results The optimal moderator was the combined burden of all symptoms and emotion regulation strength. Those with high moderator scores, reflecting high symptom load relative to emotion regulation, did least well in exposure, moderately well in skills and best in the combination. Conclusions A clinically meaningful moderator, which combines patient symptom burden and strengths, was identified. Assessment at follow-up may provide a more accurate indicator of variability in outcome than that obtained immediately post-treatment.
EFFECTS OF AGE, REARING AND MATING EXPERIENCES ON FREQUENCY DEPENDENT SEXUAL SELECTION IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA.

I think it will be admitted by naturalists, without my entering on details, that secondary sexual characteristics are highly variable . . . The cause of the original variability of these characters is not manifest; but we can see why they should not have been rendered as constant and uniform as others, for they are accumulated by sexual selection, which is less rigid in its action than ordinary selection, as it does not entail death, but only gives fewer offspring to the less favoured males (Darwin, 1859).
On an Inviscid Model for Incompressible Two-Phase Flows with Nonlocal Interaction

We consider a diffuse interface model which describes the motion of an ideal incompressible mixture of two immiscible fluids with nonlocal interaction in two-dimensional bounded domains. This model consists of the Euler equation coupled with a convective nonlocal Cahn-Hilliard equation. We establish the existence of globally defined weak solutions as well as well-posedness results for strong/classical solutions.
CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE UTERINE CERVIX.

No single form of treatment is optimal or definitive for all patients with carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. Cytologic studies by the Papanicolaou method are most valuable for detecting otherwise unsuspected disease and should be used to evaluate the effectiveness of any treatment. A plan of treatment is outlined which provides a graded approach to the disease. Treatment should be individualized according to the extent of the lesion, clinical response to treatment, presence or absence of other significant pelvic disease, and the state of the patient's over-all health.
LEARNING CONTROL OF AN INDUSTRIAL ROBOT MANIPULATOR

A learning control method for an robot manipulator is introduced.The acceleration error is used to correctthe motion of the industrial manipulator motors.A theoretical method which estimates the convergence con-dition of the learning control process based on the limit condition of a geometric series is proposed.The valid-ity of the proposed theory is proved through a computer simulation of PUMA-562 robot.
The Hero in “Gouvernance”: Family Romance in the Novels of Dorothy Dunnett

Working on my graduate degrees in the 1960s I came to recognize that the reign of “new” criticism, with its emphasis on irony, ambiguity, and the decoding of meaning, was almost over. The new expertise would be the “new” historicism, a muscular return to the vision of the interactive self-making of literature and time, speech and self, culture and nature, an approach that is still in the ascendant, having assimilated insights from, and generated insights to, linguistics and formalism, gender and queer studies, psychoanalytic and ethical criticism, post-colonialism and cultural studies.
Performance Analysis of Spark/GraphX on POWER8 Cluster

POWER 8, the latest RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) microprocessor of the IBM Power architecture family, was designed to significantly benefit emerging workloads, including Business Analytics, Cloud Computing and High Performance Computing. In this paper, we provide a thorough performance evaluation on a widely used large-scale graph processing framework, Spark/GraphX, on a POWER 8 cluster. Note that we use Spark and Java versions out of the box without any optimization. We examine the performance with several important graph kernels such as Breadth-First Search, Connected Components, and PageRank using both large real-world social graphs and synthetic graphs of billions of edges. We study the Spark/GraphX performance against some architectural aspects and perform the first Spark/GraphX scalability test with up to 16 POWER 8 nodes.
Weakly Coordinating yet Ion Paired: Anion Effects on an Internal Rearrangement

“Weakly coordinating anions” such as tetraarylborates are ubiquitous in applications of inorganic and organometallic chemistry, with great industrial importance. In this work, we probe the ion-pairing ability of these weakly coordinating anions using the highly sensitive chromium(VI) nitrido bis(diisopropylamido) system NCr(N-i-Pr2)2X, with one variable coordination site (X). This system is being used in the quantification of ligand donor ability to high-valent metal centers and has simply been called the ligand donor parameter (LDP). The donor ability of the variable ligand can be measured by solution-state rotational barrier studies via NMR spectroscopy. If the variable ligand is neutral, the chromium complex is cationic, {NCr(N-i-Pr2)2L}+, with its pendant anion. Despite the weakly coordinating nature of the counteranions employed, a significant amount of ion pairing has been noted in solution, the result of which is substantial enough to perturb the sensitive LDP measurement. These effects have been n...
Quantitative roundness analysis of coastal boulder deposits

Abstract The sedimentology of coastal boulder deposits (CBD) is little known. These deposits, and especially the largest clasts within them—which commonly weigh many 10s of tonnes—are of increasing interest because they attest to extreme energy wave events acting well above the high-tide mark (in some cases > 40 m above high water and > 100 m inland). Recent observations have made clear that storm waves (rather than tsunami) are important in both creating and activating these deposits; but beyond that we know little about their hydrodynamics, or the relative frequency of boulder movement, and how this might vary with topographic setting. Roundness is a first-order characteristic that preserves a record of deposit reworking. It can tell us whether clasts move around much after they have been created from bedrock, or whether they are emplaced into CBD with little or no subsequent transport. But because roundness has historically been difficult to measure, most roundness estimates in the literature are based on qualitative visual assessment, and are therefore of limited analytical value. Fully reproducible roundness measurements are possible, however, and in the case of boulders they can be acquired quite easily using the Kirkbride (2005) device in combination with a trigonometric formula presented here. CBD at locations in Ireland and Scotland provide a test case, demonstrating the utility of quantitative boulder roundness measurements. The 567 clasts we measured are generally angular, but a substantial proportion shows some degree of rounding. Most importantly, there are demonstrable, consistent patterns relating topography and roundness. There is a strong and unsurprising inverse correlation between clast roundness and deposit elevation. There is no first-order relationship between roundness and inland distance, but there is a power-law inverse relationship between rounding and steepness (ratio of elevation to distance inland). The greatest degree of rounding is found in CBD located at the back of gentle coastal platforms with gradual slopes. These relationships provide new insights into CBD sedimentology, which we hope will be probed and tested in future studies.
The role of global circumnavigating mode in the MJO initiation and propagation

A series of convection-permitting regional-model simulations are used to study the influences of intraseasonal forcings from the periphery of the tropical Indian Ocean on the October 2011 MJO event well observed during the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field campaign. These sensitivity experiments demonstrate the predominant role of a global circumnavigating mode in the initiation and propagation of this MJO event, although the regional framework would not completely rule out influences from the extratropics through the western boundary of the model domain. It is found that filtering out intraseasonal forcing leads to the absence of Kelvin waves, which may reduce moisture transport and weakened lower-level convergence at the leading edge of the westerlies, and further leads to diminishing MJO signatures in these sensitivity experiments. Meanwhile, for the same regional domain initiated two weeks before the onset of the MJO convection, there is little impact of whether or not the global MJO signals retained in the initial conditions. On the other hand, the removal of the global MJO signals from the lateral boundary conditions will not affect the propagation of the MJO after it has been initiated in the regional model domain.
Teaching health care in introductory economics

ABSTRACTHealth care is one of the economy's biggest industries, so it is natural that the health care industry should play some role in the teaching of introductory economics. There are many ways that health care can appear in such a context: in the teaching of microeconomics, as a macroeconomic issue, to learn about social welfare, and even to learn how to do statistical analysis. For the past decade, the author has been privileged to teach a class on health economics in the introductory economics course at Harvard. This article is a description of how he does that. His hope is that it will be helpful for other people teaching introductory economics as a whole, or just for those offering one class in health economics.
Pulsar TeV Halos Explain the Diffuse TeV Excess Observed by Milagro.

Milagro observations have found bright, diffuse TeV emission concentrated along the galactic plane of the Milky Way. The intensity and spectrum of this emission is difficult to explain with current models of hadronic $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray production, and has been named the ``TeV excess.'' We show that TeV emission from pulsars naturally explains this excess. Recent observations have detected ``TeV halos'' surrounding pulsars that are either nearby or particularly luminous. Extrapolating this emission to the full population of Milky Way pulsars indicates that the ensemble of ``subthreshold'' sources necessarily produces bright TeV emission diffusively along the Milky Way plane. Models indicate that the TeV halo $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray flux exceeds that from hadronic $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays above an energy of $\ensuremath{\sim}500\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. Moreover, the spectrum and intensity of TeV halo emission naturally matches the TeV excess. Finally, we show that upcoming HAWC observations will resolve a significant fraction of the TeV excess into individual TeV halos, conclusively confirming, or ruling out, this model.
Relative importance of fishing and natural mortality for spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) estimated from a tag-return model and corroborated with survey data

Abstract The spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) is one of the most economically important sportfish in the U.S. South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, including at its northern distributional extent in North Carolina and Virginia. The recent stock assessment for this region used an assumed fixed rate of natural mortality (M), obtained from a general life-history relationship based on weight. However, biased estimates of fishing mortality (F) could result if the life-history proxy failed to capture either the magnitude or temporal variation in M. Data from the first comprehensive tag-return study of spotted seatrout in this region were used in a Bayesian statistical modeling framework to estimate F and M. Both laboratory and field studies, including high-reward and double tagging, were conducted to obtain estimates of auxiliary parameters (i.e., tag-reporting rate, tag loss, and tagging mortality) necessary for the tag-return model. There was no measured mortality associated with tagging, but reporting rate and loss of internal anchor tags limited returns in this study. From 2008 to 2012, tag-return model estimates of bimonthly instantaneous mortality rates ranged from 0.003 to 0.067 2-mo−1 for F and from 0.002 to 2.850 2-mo−1 for M. Annual estimates of F were much lower than M for the three years studied, and annual M-estimates were higher than those used for spotted seatrout in this region’s recent stock assessment. Bimonthly estimates of total mortality rate (Z) from tag-return data were similar to bimonthly estimates of Z from an independent analysis of concurrent gill net survey data, which corroborates the variability and magnitude of mortality estimates determined from tagging. A strong seasonal influence (i.e., winter severity) on annual loss of spotted seatrout was observed, suggesting that future assessments and management measures for this stock would be improved by explicitly accounting for temporal variation in M in models of fishery population dynamics.
Codes, Correlations and Power Control in OFDM

Practical communications engineering is continually producing problems of interest to the coding theory community. A recent example is the power-control problem in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). We report recent work which gives a mathematical framework for generating solutions to this notorious problem that are suited to low-cost wireless applications. The key result is a connection between Golay complementary sequences and Reed-Muller codes. The former are almost ideal for OFDM transmissions because they have a very low peak-to-mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR), while the latter have efficient encoding and decoding algorithms and good error correction capability. This result is then generalised in two ways. Firstly we study polyphase Golay sequences, motivating the introduction of non-binary generalisations of the Reed-Muller codes. Secondly we consider Golay complementary sets, where the results can be presented most naturally in the language of graph theory. The practical impact is a flexible family of OFDM codes which combine low PMEPR with good error correction capability. However, the interaction between theory and practice is a two-way process: the application motivates further study of a fertile interplay between coding theory, graph theory and sequence design. We include a list of open problems which we hope will stimulate further research in this area.
Gas Generation Testing of Neptunium Oxide at Elevated Temperature

Elevated temperature gas generation tests have been conducted using neptunium dioxide produced on a laboratory scale using the HB-Line Phase II flowsheet. These tests were performed to determine what effect elevated temperatures would have on the neptunium dioxide in comparison to neptunium dioxide tested at ambient temperature. The headspace gas compositions following storage at elevated temperatures associated with normal conditions of transport (NCT) have been measured. These test results show an increase in hydrogen generation rate at elevated temperature and significant removal of oxygen from the headspace gas. The elevated temperature gas generation tests described in this report involved heating small test vessels containing neptunium dioxide and measuring the headspace gas pressure and composition at the end of the test period. Four samples were used in these tests to evaluate the impact of process variables on the gas generation rate. Two samples were calcined to 600 degrees Celsius and two were calcined to 650 degrees Celsius. Each test vessel contained approximately 9.5 g of neptunium dioxide. Following exposure to 75 per cent relative humidity (RH) for five days, these samples were loaded in air and then heated to between 105 and 115 degrees Celsius for about one month. At the conclusion of the test period, the headspace gas of each container was analyzed using a micro-gas chromatograph installed in the glovebox where the experiments were conducted. The pressure, volume, and composition data for the headspace gas samples were used to calculate average H2 generation rates.
The Flourishing of Religion and Violence: Power-Sharing & the Volatility of Inter-Religious Violence in Nigeria

Under what conditions does religious identity become the fault-line of communal violence? Why does violence break out in some ethno-religiously pluralistic communities and not others with similar characteristics? Examining the variation in Muslim-Christian violence in northern Nigeria since the 1980s, I suggest that a community’s vulnerability to inter-religious violence is a function of pre-existing local-level inter-ethnic power-sharing arrangements. While scholars and policy-makers have been disappointed by the ability of formal, national-level power-sharing arrangements to avert ethnic conflict, they have overlooked the capacity of local government power-sharing institutions, which directly affects group representation and access to resources, to ameliorate or entirely avoid conflict.
Technique and Equipment for Collection of Volatile Chemicals from Individual, Natural, or Artificial Sources

The major problem in the identification of semiochemicals has been the small amount of biologically active material in a large amount of chemically similar inactive material. Thus for identification purposes, there is a great need for a general technique and procedure that can easily yield pure, natural material on a submicrogram level. Rational application of these materials in insect control programs requires a knowledge of the rate at which the organism releases the material and then designing an artificial substrate which duplicates the composition of the natural system at a total rate of evaporation anticipated to achieve the desired effect, i.e., population density surveys or control by disruption of mating communication.
Abstract A64: Cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRP) links inflammation and breast cancer

RNA binding proteins (RBPs) post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by associating with the regulatory sequences in the untranslated regions of mRNAs. RBPs are often disrupted in cancer, but current knowledge of their role in regulating cancer-associated genes is largely based on in vitro studies. This study seeks to determine the in vivo role of cold-inducible RBP (CIRP), which is overexpressed in some human breast cancers. CIRP promotes cell proliferation and survival and inhibits apoptosis in vitro, as well as promotes inflammation in vivo, all hallmarks of cancer. We set out to test the hypothesis that CIRP promotes breast tumorigenesis in vivo by crossing a transgenic mouse overexpressing CIRP in the mammary epithelium with the PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. Effects on both early (7 weeks of age) and late (14 weeks) tumorigenesis were assessed. Unexpectedly, mammary glands from 7-week CIRP/PyMT mice had 50% fewer mammary intraepithelial neoplasias than those from PyMT mice. Consistent with this, histopathologic analysis showed decreased mitosis and increased apoptosis in CIRP/PyMT vs. PyMT mammary glands. Late-stage tumorigenesis was also inhibited. CIRP/PyMT mice had slower tumor growth kinetics, smaller tumors, decreased tumor burden, and decreased pulmonary metastasis compared to PyMT mice. To assess mechanism, mammary glands from 7- and 14-week mice were incubated in medium overnight followed by Luminex cytokine assays on the medium. Results showed a decrease in cytokines that promote inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Altogether, results suggest that in vivo, CIRP inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis to suppress early tumorigenesis, potentially via decreasing the protumorigenic inflammatory response. Citation Format: Daniel Albino Lujan, Nora Perrone-Bizzozero, Ellen J. Beswick, Donna F. Kusewitt, Rebecca S. Hartley. Cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRP) links inflammation and breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Breast Cancer Research; 2017 Oct 7-10; Hollywood, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2018;16(8_Suppl):Abstract nr A64.
Whats Your IT Risk Approach

The objective of a cybersecurity risk-management program is to provide an integrated view of IT risk across the entire organization and to ensure that risk issues are integrated into the strategic decision-making process to further the achievement of performance goals.
The Inclusion of the Nature of Science in Nine Recent International Science Education Standards Documents

Understanding the nature of science (NOS) has long been a desired outcome of science education, despite ongoing disagreements about the content, structure, and focus of NOS expectations. Addressing the concern that teachers likely focus only on student learning expectations appearing in standards documents, this study examines the current state of NOS in science education standards documents from nine diverse countries to determine the overt NOS learning expectations that appeared, NOS statements provided near those learning expectations, but not identified as learning outcomes (such as chart column headers or footnotes), and NOS statements found in ancillary text (e.g., introductory material or appendices). Findings indicate that NOS ideas rarely occur as expectations for student learning and are far more commonly found in ancillary material. Moreover, consensus was not apparent in the overt learning outcomes for students. Given the well-documented poor state of NOS instruction and the consistent lack of NOS appearing in published curriculum materials, the NOS standards appearing in nearly all documents analyzed are unlikely to provide sufficient conceptual or pedagogical support for NOS to be accurately interpreted or translated into meaningful experiences for students.
Perspektiven: Die Zukunft des Hochschulunterrichts

Das letzte Kapitel enthalt statt einer Zusammenfassung einige Uberlegungen zu den Perspektiven des Hochschulunterrichts in den nachsten beiden Jahrzehnten. Dazu beleuchte ich neuere Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre, die mir zukunftstrachtig erscheinen. Auserdem schildere ich aus meiner personlichen Sicht, welche Anderungen fur eine bessere Ausbildung der Studierenden erforderlich sind.
Forensic Twitter

One of the most interesting aspects of Web 2.0 technologies is how they have been adapted by users in ways not anticipated by the creators of the technology. We, as digital forensic practitioners, have to evolve our methods and approaches in response to both the technologies and their use. But that is “old hat” to us. After all, constant change and challenge are what attract most of us to this field.
The Effects of Tootling via ClassDojo on Student Behavior in Elementary Classrooms

Abstract The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of a tootling intervention, in which students report on peers' appropriate behavior, modified to incorporate ClassDojo technology, on...
Interaction of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Water: Implications for Catalytic Activity

Novel technological applications in catalysis and bactericidal formulation have emerged for zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles owing to their ability to generate reactive oxygen species by fostering H2...
A New MCNP Option: KCORR—The Use of the Correlated Sampling Method to Study Reactivity Effects Due to Changes of a Reactor Arrangement

The planned advanced neutron source (ANS) reactor has a compact core surrounded by a large pool of heavy water containing a complex arrangement of reflector experimental components. Mocking up the reactor system without the reflector components results in an azimuthally symmetric geometry for which the eigenvalue k{sub eff} can be calculated accurately with diffusion or discrete ordinates methods by using two-dimensional geometry. Here, a new option KCORR for calculating the eigenvalue k{sub eff} of fission reactor arrangements has been implemented in the MCNP Monte Carlo code. This option is based on a matrix method and has the additional feature of applying correlated sampling methods to investigate small reactivity effects that are very likely lost in the statistical uncertainties of two independent program runs with the old option KCODE. For verification of the new program option, calculations of the reactivity worths of the control rod and the safety rod of the FOEHN reactor and the reactivity effects of various components in the reflector pool of the FOEHN reactor were performed with both KCODE and KCORR and compared with measured data. The efficient of MCNP in calculating reactivity changes by using KCORR is improved not only by means of lower statistical uncertaintiesmore » but also by reducing of computing time.« less
Neurocognitive Functioning is Associated with Self-Reported and Performance-Based Treatment Management Abilities in People Living with HIV with Low Health Literacy.

Objective People living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk for poorer neurocognitive functioning and health literacy than uninfected persons, which are associated with worse medical outcomes. Aging research suggests that the effect of neurocognitive functioning on health outcomes may be more pronounced in those with low health literacy. We aimed to determine whether low health literacy might amplify the adverse effects of neurocognitive functioning on treatment management outcomes in 171 PLWH aged 40+. Method In this cross-sectional, observational study, participants completed a well-validated battery of neurocognitive, health literacy, and treatment management measures. A binary health literacy variable (low vs. adequate) was determined via established cut points on the well-validated health literacy tests. Treatment management outcomes included biomarkers of HIV (i.e., CD4 counts and viral load), self-management of HIV disease (i.e., self-reported medication adherence and self-efficacy for HIV disease management), and performance-based health-related decision-making. Results Forty-seven percent of the sample met the criteria for low health literacy. Multivariable regressions adjusting for clinicodemographic (e.g., race, socioeconomic status) covariates revealed significant interactions for self-efficacy for HIV disease management and health-related decision-making, such that neurocognitive functioning was associated with these outcomes among those with low, but not adequate health literacy. Conclusions Findings suggest that low health literacy may increase the vulnerability of PLWH to the adverse effects of neurocognitive impairment on health outcomes, or conversely that adequate health literacy may provide a buffer against the health risks associated neurocognitive impairment. Interventions targeting health literacy in PLWH may mitigate the effects of neurocognitive impairment on health outcomes.
Comparison of efficacy of pressure-controlled ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery

Objective To compare the efficacy of pressure-controlled ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children of both sexes,aged 12-36 months, weighing 9-15 kg, scheduled for laparoscopic surgery, were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 15 each): pressure-controlled ventilation group (group P) and volume-controlled ventilation group (group V) . Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2-4 mg/kg, vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 μg/kg. The children were tracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated. The maximum inspiratory pressure was adjusted to make the tidal volume (VT ) achieve 12 ml/kg in group P and the VT was set at 12 ml/kg in group V. PETCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. MAP, HR, PETCO2 , minute ventilation and peak airway pressure were recorded immediately after intubation (T0 ) , immediately before skin incision (T1 ) , 30 min of pneumoperitoneum (T2 ) and 15 min after the end of pneumoperitoneum (T3 ) . Arterial blood samples were taken at the same time points mentioned above for blood gas analysis. Dynamic lung compliance and physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio were calculated.Results Compared with group V, PaCO2 and PETCO2 were significantly decreased and dynamic lung compliance was significantly increased at T1,2 , and minute ventilation and peak airway pressure were significantly decreased at T0-3 in group P ( P 0.05) . Conclusion Compared with volume-controlled ventilation, pressure-controlled ventilation can better improve the ventilatory efficacy, is more beneficial to gas exchange and reduces the influence of pneumoperitoneum on respiratory function in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Key words: Respiration,artificial; Child; Laparoscopy
Safety of Foregoing Operation for Small Bowel Obstruction in the Virgin Abdomen: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Our objective was to assess the safety of foregoing surgery in patients without abdominopelvic surgery history presenting with small bowel obstruction (SBO). Classic dogma has counseled early surgical intervention for SBO in the virgin abdomen—patients without abdominopelvic surgery history—given their presumed higher risk of malignant or potentially catastrophic etiologies compared with those who had undergone previous abdominal operations. The term virgin abdomen was coined before widespread use of CT, which now elucidates many SBO etiologies. Despite recent efforts to re-evaluate clinical management standards, the prevalence of SBO etiologies in the virgin abdomen and the current management landscape (nonoperative vs operative) in these patients remain unclear. Our random-effects meta-analysis of 6 studies including 442 patients found the prevalence of malignant etiologies in patients without abdominopelvic surgery history presenting with SBO varied from 7.7% (95% CI 3.0 to 14.1) to 13.4% (95% CI 7.6 to 20.3) on sensitivity analysis. Most malignant etiologies were not suspected before surgery. De novo adhesions (54%) were the most common etiology. More than half of patients underwent a trial of nonoperative management, which often failed. Subgroups of patients likely have variable risk profiles for underlying malignant etiologies, yet no study had consistent follow-up data and we did not find convincing evidence that foregoing operative management altogether in this population can be generally recommended.