cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phaeohyphomycosis Due to Curvularia Lunata Involving Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue After an Explosion at a Chemical Plant

Cases of phaeohyphomycosis due to dematiaceous fungi have been reported in increasing numbers and diversity. The optimal roles of antifungal chemotherapy and surgical debridement in the management of these infections have not been determined. A case of acute cutaneous and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Curvularia lunata after an explosion at a chemical plant is reported, in which the organisms may have been inoculated into the tissues by the force of the blast. No organisms were found by histopathologic examination or culture of excisional biopsy specimens taken 10 days after initiation of therapy with intravenous amphotericin B; the antifungal therapy may have eradicated the infection.
Nucleolar Size Polymorphisms in Commercial Layer Chickens: Determination of Incidence, Inheritance, and Nucleolar Sizes

In the chicken, one chromosome pair encodes the ribosomal (r)RNA genes and two nucleoli are formed in interphase cells. The nucleolus is the site of rRNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. Nucleolar size polymorphisms have been detected in research strains of chickens and found to represent heterozygosity for rRNA gene copy number. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether nucleolar size polymorphisms exist in commercial chicken flocks and whether such polymorphisms are under genetic control. The occurrence of nucleolar size polymorphisms was studied in three lines of commercial layer chickens (designated A, B, and C). Nucleolar size polymorphisms were found in all three lines. However, the lines differed in the proportion of individuals exhibiting the polymorphic phenotype of two unequal-sized nucleoli (2P). The 2P phenotype, determined in successive years, was found in 10 to 14% of Line A birds, 18 to 23% of Line B birds, and 41 to 63% of Line C birds. The inheritance pattern of the nucleolar size polymorphism and nucleoli sizes were studied in Line C birds. The 2P phenotype was found to be inherited in Mendelian fashion. The large nucleolus was 1.7x and 1.6x that of the smaller nucleolus in 2P males and females, respectively, and was larger than the nucleoli of 2E birds (2E = nonpolymorphic phenotype of two equal-sized nucleoli). Total nucleolar size was greater in cells of 2P birds than in cells of 2E birds. These data suggest that the genetic basis for the large nucleolus in Line C 2P cells is a "larger than normal" rDNA cluster.
The camera as historian: amateur photographers and historical imagination, 1885–1918

, by Elizabeth Edwards, Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2012, 344 pp., 121 b/w illustrations, US$29.95 (trade paperback), ISBN 978-0-822-35104-7, US$99.95 (hardback), ISBN 978-0822-35090-3 Eliza...
Observational and Numerical Study of a Microburst Line-Producing Storm

Abstract An analysis is performed on a microburst line-producing cloud that occurred near Denver, Colorado on 13 July 1982. The cloud line developed in an environment conducive to the production of low-reflectivity microbursts. Doppler radar analysis revealed strong convergence above cloud base into the region of downdraft 3.5 to 4.5 km above ground. Aircraft measurements detected light rain with graupel aloft in microburst downdrafts. A two-dimensional cloud model simulation captured many of the observed features of the cloud line structure and wind fields. In particular, both the development of multiple microbursts and the convergence aloft were well simulated. The formation of graupel/hail was important to the precipitation process in the model. The loading of rain and graupel and the cooling effect of rain evaporation and graupel melting were all important in microburst production—the graupel in the formative stages of the downdraft, and the rain in the further intensification of the downdraft and enh...
State, society, and the elementary school in imperial Germany

(1991). State, society, and the elementary school in imperial Germany. History of European Ideas: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 473-475.
Rapid changes of prolactinoma volume after withdrawal and reinstitution of bromocriptine.

Medical therapy of prolactinomas with bromo-criptine has been demonstrated to reduce serum PRL levels to normal and also to reduce the size of such tumors. This size reduction may occur very rapidly. It is widely recognized that PRL levels rise again after withdrawal of bromocriptine therapy. We now describe the effects of drug withdrawal and reinstitution on tumor size in two young men harboring large prolactinomas. Bromocriptine had been extremely successful in lowering serum PRL levels by more than 80%, as well as reducing tumor size. After 12 months of therapy bromocriptine was withdrawn. Within 48 h PRL levels had started to rise, reaching 2580 ng/ml at 13 days off therapy and 1040 ng/ml at 4 weeks off therapy in patients 1 and 2, respectively. At 13 days bitemporal hemianopsia recurred in patient 1, and this was associated with radiographic demonstration of expansion in the pituitary mass from a partially empty pituitary fossa to a large 12-mm suprasellar extension. The second patient remained asymp...
Self-affirmation counters the effects of self-regulatory resource depletion on height perception

Abstract Perception of the layout of the environment may be influenced by factors other than the physical information provided to the retina, including self-regulatory and psychosocial resources. We tested whether depletion of self-regulatory resources affected estimates of the height of a balcony and whether a psychosocial resource could substitute for self-regulatory resources among individuals making such estimates. Undergraduates performed a self-regulation depletion task and a values-affirmation task or their control equivalents in a 2 × 2 design (N = 80) and viewed a balcony height from above. A rope was attached to the height to make action on the height possible. Those who expended self-regulatory resources overestimated the balcony height more than the control group (both groups overestimated relative to the true height). However, this effect was counteracted by the values-affirmation task. Depleted participants who affirmed core values did not overestimate the height as much, resulting in estimates similar to the non-depleted participants. These results were not mediated by perceived threat posed by the height, positive mood or more specific positive, other-directed feelings. Our results suggest that visual perception of a threatening environment can be affected by the resources available to the perceiver for performing action on the environment.
Doxorubicin as a molecular nanotheranostic agent: effect of doxorubicin encapsulation in micelles or nanoemulsions on the ultrasound-mediated intracellular delivery and nuclear trafficking

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs and is a popular research tool due to the inherent fluorescence of the DOX molecule. After DOX injection, fluorescence imaging of organs or cells can provide information on drug biodistribution. Therapeutic and imaging capabilities combined in a DOX molecule make it an excellent theranostic agent. However, DOX fluorescence depends on a number of factors that should be taken into consideration when interpreting results of DOX fluorescence measurements. Discussing these problems is the main thrust of the current paper. The sensitivity of DOX fluorescence intensity to DOX concentration, local microenvironment, and interaction with model cellular components is illustrated by fluorescence spectra of paired DOX/phospholipid, DOX/histone, DOX/DNA, and triple DOX/histone/DNA and DOX/phospholipid/DNA systems. DOX fluorescence is dramatically quenched upon intercalation into the DNA; DOX fluorescence is also self-quenched at high concentratio...
β-sulfopyruvate: chemical and enzymatic syntheses and enzymatic assay

beta-Sulfopyruvic acid (2-carboxy-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid) is prepared in greater than 90% yield by reaction of bromopyruvic acid with sodium sulfite. beta-[35S]Sulfopyruvate is prepared by transamination between [35S]cysteinesulfonate (cysteate) and alpha-ketoglutarate using mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase isolated from rat liver. Following either chemical or enzymatic synthesis, the crude reaction product is conveniently purified by chromatography on Dowex 1; beta-sulfopyruvate is isolated as the stable, water-soluble dilithium salt. beta-Sulfopyruvate is shown to be an alternative substrate of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase; in the presence of 0.25 mM NADH, beta-sulfopyruvate is reduced with an apparent Km of 6.3 mM and a Vmax equal to about 40% of that observed with oxaloacetate. This finding forms the basis of a convenient spectrophotometric assay of beta-sulfopyruvate.
Reality and complexity in asymptotic expansions for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, with application to the JWKB connection-formula problem

Asymptotic expansions occur widely in quantum physics. The Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory for hydrogen in an electrostatic field (the LoSurdo—Stark effect) is one example. The 1/R expansion for the hydrogen molecule ion H is a second. The quantum defect theory and the JWKB method are two more. It is not so widely known that the sum of such real asymptotic expansions may be complex, while the sum of complex asymptotic expansions may be real. The key to this nonintuitive behavior is Borel summation. By examining a simple example related to the exponential integral, the nature of this real-iscomplex, complex-is-real phenomenon is made simple. Then special application is made to derive and clarify the connection formulas (to all orders) in the JWKB method.
Differential equations and recursion relations for Laguerre functions on symmetric cones

We obtain the differential equation and recurrence relations satisfied by the Laguerre functions l m on an arbitrary symmetric cone Ω.
The direct synthesis of organoarsenic and organoantimony compounds

Abstract The convenient preparation of some methyl, ethyl, vinyl and phenyl halo-arsines and -stibines by the action of the corresponding hydrocarbon halides on elementary arsenic and bismuth is described. Suitable conditions vary with the halide employed: methyl bromide and chloride react satisfactorily at 350–375° in the presence of copper as catalyst, but vinyl bromide and chloride require a temperature at least 100° above this. Methyl iodide reacts at 280°, but the yields are poor. Silver is a superior catalyst for the reaction of bromobenzene with arsenic. Bismuth gave no isolable product with methyl chloride, but methyl bromide gave a low yield of methyldibromobismuthine.
Analytical Target Cascading in Automotive Vehicle Design

Target cascading in product development is a systematic effort to propagate the desired top-level system design targets to appropriate specifications for subsystems and components in a consistent and efficient manner. If analysis models are available to represent the consequences of the relevant design decisions, analytical target cascading can he formalized as a hierarchical multilevel optimization problem. The article demonstrates this complex modeling and solution process in the chassis design of a sport-utility vehicle. Ride quality and handling targets are cascaded down to systems and subsystems utilizing suspension, tire, and spring analysis models. Potential incompatibilities among targets and constraints Throughout the entire system can he uncovered and the trade-offs involved in achieving system targets under different design scenarios can he quantified.
A symmetric adaptive algorithm for speeding-up consensus

Performing distributed consensus in a network has been an important research problem for several years, and is directly applicable to sensor networks, autonomous vehicle formation, etc. While there exists a wide variety of algorithms that can be proven to asymptotically reach consensus, in applications involving time-varying parameters and tracking, it is often crucial to reach consensus “as quickly as possible”. In [?] it has been shown that, with global knowledge of the network topology, it is possible to optimize the convergence time in distributed averaging algorithms via solving a semi-definite program (SDP) to obtain the optimal averaging weights. Unfortunately, in most applications, nodes do not have knowledge of the full network topology and cannot implement the required SDP in a distributed fashion. In this paper, we present a symmetric adaptive weight algorithm for distributed consensus averaging on bi-directional noiseless networks. The algorithm uses an LMS (Least Mean Squares) approach to adaptively update the edge weights used to calculate each node's values. The derivation shows that global error can be minimized in a distributed fashion and that the resulting adaptive weights are symmetric—symmetry being critical for convergence to the true average. Simulations show that convergence time is nearly equal to that of a non-symmetric adaptive algorithm developed in [?], and significantly better than that of the non-adaptive Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Most importantly, our symmetric adaptive algorithm converges to the sample mean, whereas the method of [?] converges to an arbitrary value and results in significant error.
Characterization of cynomolgus and vervet monkey placental MHC class I expression: diversity of the nonhuman primate AG locus

Nonhuman primates are important animal models for the study of the maternal immune response to implantation within the decidua. The objective of this study was to define the placental expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules in the cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) and vervet (African green) (Chlorocebus aethiops) monkeys. Early pregnancy (d36-42) cynomolgus and vervet placentas were obtained by fetectomy and prepared for histological evaluation. A pan-MHC class I monoclonal antibody demonstrated MHC class I expression in both vervet and cynomolgus placental trophoblasts, with particularly high expression in the villous syncytium, as previously shown in the rhesus and baboon. Placental cytotrophoblasts were isolated by enzymatic dispersion and gradient centrifugation and cultured, and multicolor flow cytometry was used to phenotype cell populations. Culture of isolated villous cytotrophoblasts demonstrated that MHC class I expression was linked to syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. A monoclonal antibody against Mamu-AG, the nonclassical MHC class I homolog of HLA-G in the rhesus monkey, demonstrated intense immunostaining and cell surface expression in cynomolgus placental trophoblasts; however, staining with vervet placenta and cells was low and inconsistent. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to clone MHC class I molecules expressed in cynomolgus and vervet placentas. While Mafa-AG messenger RNA (mRNA) was readily detectable in cynomolgus placental RNA and was >99% identical at the amino acid level with Mamu-AG, 7/8 Chae-AG complementary DNAs had an unusual 16 amino acid repeat in the α1 domain, and all clones had an unexpected absence of the early stop codon at the 3′-end of the mRNA diagnostic for rhesus, cynomolgus, and baboon AG mRNAs, as well as HLA-G. We conclude that while the vervet monkey has retained the placental expression of a primate-specific nonclassical MHC class I locus, diversity is also revealed in this locus expressed at the maternal–fetal interface, thought to participate in placental regulation of the maternal immune response to embryo implantation and pregnancy.
Quality Management and Cooperative Values: Investigation of Multilevel Influences on Workgroup Performance

Unsuccessful quality initiatives often are attributed to an organizational culture that does not recognize the importance of the cooperative values that underlie “soft” quality management practices, like customer focus and empowerment. Yet, the literature remains unclear as to how quality management and cooperative values interrelate by failing to incorporate the multilevel influences on this relationship in organizations. This research analyzes a multilevel model based on sociotechnical systems and quality management theories. Secondary data are used to test an explanation of how organizational-level and workgroup-level quality management practices relate to cooperative cultural values and workgroup performance. A single-level model is also tested to demonstrate its inadequacies. Based upon the support for a multilevel model, managerial insights are provided that aid in deciding where resources should be allocated during a quality initiative.
Rituximab and biosimilars: Equivalence and reciprocity

Cancer is a debilitating disease affecting millions of people daily. Over the years, cancer treatment has advanced in leaps and bounds. Antibodies are important breakthrough therapeutic agents for cancer. These agents, proteins produced by B lymphocytes of the immune system in response to antigens, bind to receptors on cell surfaces so that the antigen-antibody complexes can be recognized and destroyed by phagocytes. While each B cell synthesizes only one kind of antibody, an entire population of different types of B cells and their respective antibodies are produced in response to various antigens to which the organism had been exposed. However, to be useful clinically, substantial amounts of a single antibody must be generated from a single ancestral B cell. These antibodies produced by a specific population of B cells are the monoclonal antibodies that have become the cornerstone of treatment for cancer and many immunologic illnesses. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the clinical development of biosimilars in clinical oncology, focusing on rituximab and like biosimilars.
The Kingslake Medal and Prize 1995

This PDF file contains the editorial “Editorial: The Kingslake Medal and Prize” for OE Vol. 35 Issue 08
Differential regulation of TRPM channels governs electrolyte homeostasis in the C. elegans intestine

The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are implicated in various cellular processes, including sensory signal transduction and electrolyte homeostasis. We show here that the GTL-1 and GON-2 TRPM channels regulate electrolyte homeostasis in the C. elegans intestine. GON-2 is responsible for a large outwardly rectifying current of intestinal cells, and its activity is tightly regulated by intracellular Mg2+ levels, while GTL-1 mainly contributes to appropriate Mg2+ responsiveness of the outwardly rectifying current. We also used nickel cytotoxicity to study the function of these channels. Both GON-2 and GTL-1 are necessary for intestinal uptake of nickel, but GTL-1 is continuously active while GON-2 is inactivated at higher Mg2+ levels. This type of differential regulation of intestinal electrolyte absorption ensures a constant supply of electrolytes through GTL-1, while occasional bursts of GON-2 activity allow rapid return to normal electrolyte concentrations following physiological perturbations.
Community knowledge in environmental health science: co-producing policy expertise

As lay publics demand a greater role in the environmental and health decision-making that impacts their lives, policy makers are being forced to find new ways of understanding and incorporating the expertise of professionals with the contextual intelligence that community residents possess. This paper highlights how co-producing science policy, where technical issues are not divorced from their social setting and a plurality of participants engage in everything from problem setting to decision-making, can contribute to more scientifically legitimate and publicly accountable decisions. Through a detailed case study utilizing participant observation, ethnographic field work, semi-structured interviews, and reviews of original documents, this paper highlights how residents in a low income, Latino immigrant neighborhood in New York City organized their knowledge to participate in and significantly alter a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency exposure assessment. This paper reveals both the contributions and limits of local knowledge in environmental health governance and how the co-production framework can contribute to more technically credible science and democratically accountable policy.
Relapsing encephalomyelitis following transfer of partial immunity to JHM virus

Mice infected with the JHM strain mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) develop a fatal encephalomyelitis with evidence of demyelination. It has previously been shown that the adoptive transfer of 5 x 10(7) nylon wool adherent (NWA) spleen cells from immunized donors to lethally infected recipients clears virus from the central nervous system (CNS) and prevents demyelination. Adoptive transfer of a smaller number (1 x 10(7] of NWA spleen cells from immunized donors also protects from death but does not significantly alter virus replication in the CNS during the acute phase of the infection. Moreover, these mice develop a transient non-fatal encephalomyelitis which occurs approximately 3 weeks post-infection. This delayed encephalomyelitis is associated with a mononuclear cell infiltration into the CNS but little or no evidence of virus replication or increased viral antigen. A virus-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response precedes this delayed onset of disease by 24 to 48 h. Resolution of disease correlates with a selective and permanent suppression of the JHMV-specific DTH reactivity. In addition, no virus-specific DTH is detected following adoptive transfer of viral-specific DTH effectors derived from immunized donors. In contrast, these mice respond to a heterologous antigen, KLH, suggesting that the resolution of the encephalitis is accompanied by a profound suppression in viral-specific DTH response.
Shadowing variability in an urban land mobile environment at 900 MHz

Field tests have been performed in a high density urban environment to evaluate two important aspects of shadowing variability in land mobile radio links. These factors are the magnitude of variability and the rate at which variations decorrelate with time and spatial movement. The former was found to be significantly influenced by the size of the field test area. 1/e decorrelation times of the order of 15 s and decorrelation distances on the order of 100 m appear common.
Impact of Fluconazole Administration on Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients

BACKGROUNDSerious infections caused by Candida spp. are an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. It is unclear which patients will benefit from therapy and at what point to institute treatment.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of administration of fluconazole therapy in critically ill trauma patients on mortality, length of hospital stay, incidence of deep-seated fungal infection, and positive fungal cultures from any site.METHODSWe conducted a retrospective, matched case—control study of 116 critically ill surgical trauma patients who did or did not receive fluconazole. Patients were followed until hospital discharge or death. A consecutive sample of 58 patients who received fluconazole was selected. A parallel group of patients was evaluated, from which 58 were matched with fluconazole-treated patients based on age (± 5 y), gender, and APACHE II score (± 3).RESULTSThe groups of patients were well matched, with the exception of central venous catheter placement...
Structural basis for the interaction of the adaptor protein grb14 with activated ras.

Grb14, a member of the Grb7-10-14 family of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins, is a tissue-specific negative regulator of insulin signaling. Grb7-10-14 contain several signaling modules, including a Ras-associating (RA) domain, a pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain, a family-specific BPS (between PH and SH2) region, and a C-terminal Src-homology-2 (SH2) domain. We showed previously that the RA and PH domains, along with the BPS region and SH2 domain, are necessary for downregulation of insulin signaling. Here, we report the crystal structure at 2.4-A resolution of the Grb14 RA and PH domains in complex with GTP-loaded H-Ras (G12V). The structure reveals that the Grb14 RA and PH domains form an integrated structural unit capable of binding simultaneously to small GTPases and phosphoinositide lipids. The overall mode of binding of the Grb14 RA domain to activated H-Ras is similar to that of the RA domains of RalGDS and Raf1 but with important distinctions. The integrated RA-PH structural unit in Grb7-10-14 is also found in a second adaptor family that includes Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) and lamellipodin, proteins involved in actin-cytoskeleton rearrangement. The structure of Grb14 RA-PH in complex with H-Ras represents the first detailed molecular characterization of tandem RA-PH domains bound to a small GTPase and provides insights into the molecular basis for specificity.
Iron acquisition: straight up and on the rocks?

New structural analysis finds a metal-oxo clusters bound to the iron trafficking protein Fbp. Does this point to a possible strategy for bacterial iron acquisition?
THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON THE LIKELIHOOD OF USING SOFT SOCIAL POWER STRATEGIES IN SCHOOL CONSULTATION

The social power typology developed originally by French and Raven in 1959 and revised by Raven in 1965 and 1992 was applied to study school consultation. Specifically, we investigated how the gender of school psychologist consultants and teacher consultees influence how likely consultants are to use soft power strategies, identified as those drawing on expert, referent, informational, legitimate dependency, and legitimate position power. A modified version of the Interpersonal Power Inventory was mailed to 1,000 Nationally Certified School Psychologists. Results obtained from 352 respondents indicated that, when consulting with female teachers: (a) male psychologists are more likely to use expert power than the other four soft strategies combined, and (b) female psychologists are less likely to use referent power than the other four soft strategies combined. Findings suggest that consultant gender plays an important role in determining influence strategies used by school consultants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence for a Renal Vascular Mechanism in Renin Release: New Observations with Graded Stimulation by Aortic Constriction

To examine the possibility of a renal intravascular receptor for renin secretion, bilateral ureteral ligation and a two-hour period of renal ischemia were used to produce a nonfiltering kidney model in dogs. In conscious animals with both innervated and denervated, nonfiltering kidneys, hemorrhage and suprarenal aortic constriction produced significant increases in plasma renin activity. To measure renin secretion directly, a unilateral, nonfiltering kidney was produced, and renal blood flow was determined with a square-wave electromagnetic flowmeter in anesthetized dogs. Renin secretion was significantly elevated after a 20 ml/kg hemorrhage in these animals. In another group of dogs, adrenalectomy was combined with renal denervation in the unilateral, nonfiltering kidney model. In these animals hemorrhage produced significant increases in renin secretion. After a recovery period three of these dogs were subjected to graded constriction of the suprarenal aorta. Slight decreases in blood pressure with and without decreases in renal blood flow produced increases in renin secretion. Since increased renin secretion occurred in the absence of sodium delivery to the macula densa, from denervated kidneys, and without the major portion of circulating catecholamines, it is suggested that an intrinsic receptor for renin release is present within the renal vascular tree.
Turnover of chromosomal proteins from rat liver.

Abstract There is a marked heterogeneity of turnover rates among rat liver chromosomal proteins. The relative rates of degradation of chromosomal proteins were studied by a double isotope technique in which a single injection of [ 14 C]leucine was administered 3 days prior to [ 3 H]leucine. As indicated by 3 H: 14 C ratios of chromosomal proteins separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels, there is a general correlation between relative degradation rates and molecular size of the protein. Similar results were obtained for total chromosomal proteins and for isolated acidic proteins. The relative degradation rates of chromosomal proteins in vivo correlates with their sensitivity to pronase in vitro if the proteins are first extracted from the chromatin complex. Within the intact chromosome structure, however, there is no relationship between in vivo and in vitro degradation rates. These findings suggest that the inherent sensitivity of chromosomal proteins to proteolytic digestion is one determinant of their in vivo degradation rates, and that chromosomal proteins may be degraded in vivo primarily in a dissociated form.
An MMPI analysis of similarities and differences in three classifications of eating disorders: Anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and morbid obesity

While considerable clinical literature exists on the personality characteristics of the different classifications of eating disorders, standardized psychometric measures have not often been utilized to compare the various disorders with each other. The present investigation employed the MMPI to study the similarities and differences of the mean profiles of 30 hospitalized anorexic patients, 30 hospitalized bulimic patients, 30 morbidly obese outpatients, and 30 subjects in a matched control group. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the overall profiles of the three experimental groups, but that all differed from the control group. Individual scale analysis demonstrated that the three experimental groups shared a core disturbance demonstrated by common elevations on scales 1 (HS), 2 (D), and 4 (PD). Differences on scales 6 (PA), 7 (PT), 8 (SC), and 0 (SI) were discussed in terms of the specific manifestations of the core disturbance symptomatology.
Factors affecting the relationship between the timing of psychiatric consultation and general hospital length of stay.

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting the timing of psychiatric consultations and length of stay in the current managed care era. It also assessed the relationships between the timing of consultations and demographic/clinical characteristics. Medical records of 541 consecutive psychiatric consultation patients at a university teaching hospital in 2001 were reviewed for demographic characteristics, lengths of stay, number of days from admission to consultation, specialty services requesting consultations, reasons for the referral given by the referring physicians, and all five axes of DSM-IV. Earlier consultations independently predicted shorter lengths of stay. Delayed consultations were seen more often in women; surgical patients; those seen with a request to assess depression; and those seen with a diagnosis of adjustment disorder, delirium, or no psychiatric disorder. Delay in psychiatric consultations continues to be associated with longer lengths of stay in the current managed care environment. It is now possible that early detection strategies for high-risk patients with behavioral health problems in the medical setting, such as use of the INTERMED, may lead to reduction in delayed psychiatric consultations and thus shorter lengths of stay. (Psychosomatics 2004; 45:470–476)
The effect of mersalyl on inositol trisphosphate receptor binding and ion channel function

A number of thiol-reactive agents induce repetitive Ca2+ spiking in cells by a mechanism thought to involve sensitization of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R). To further define the basis of this interaction, we have studied the effect of several thiol-reactive agents on [3H]IP3 binding, IP3-gated channel activity, and conformation of the IP3R in membranes from hepatocytes, cultured WB rat liver epithelial cells, and cerebellum microsomes. At 4°C, the organomercurial thiol-reactive agent mersalyl markedly stimulates (3-4-fold) [3H]IP3 binding to permeabilized hepatocytes. The closely related molecule, thimerosal, has only a small stimulatory effect under these conditions, and GSSG or N-ethylmaleimide are without effect. The stimulatory effect of mersalyl was associated with a decrease in Kd of the IP3R with no change in Bmax. Mersalyl was without effect on detergent-solubilized hepatocyte binding sites or on the [3H]IP3 binding activity of cerebellum microsomes. In contrast to thimerosal, which potentiates IP3-mediated Ca2+ release, mersalyl blocked IP3-gated Ca2+ channels. Mersalyl pretreatment of WB membranes altered the pattern of immunoreactive receptor fragments generated upon subsequent cleavage of the receptor with proteinase K. This effect was not reproduced by thimerosal and was also not observed in experiments on cerebellum microsomes. We conclude that the WB cell and brain IP3 receptors are differently regulated by modification of thiol groups. Reaction of the WB cell IP3 receptor with mersalyl alters its conformation and modifies the accessibility of sites on the protein that are cleaved by proteinase K. In the presence of mersalyl, the receptor has high affinity for IP3 but is inactive as a Ca2+ channel. This contrasts with the high affinity receptor/active Ca2+ channel induced by thimerosal, suggesting that even closely related thiol agents may interact at different thiol groups.
Efficacy and tolerability of a novel sublingual apomorphine preparation in patients with fluctuating Parkinson's disease.

We tested a novel preparation of sublingual apomorphine hydrochloride (APO) in 10 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease complicated by motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. After dose titration, patients underwent a blinded comparison of APO versus placebo, and an unblinded comparison of APO versus optimally dosed carbidopa/levodopa using timed tapping and walking paradigms. APO was significantly better than placebo in both measures: Tapping speed was 30.8% faster than with placebo (p < .0005), and ambulation speed was 45.2% faster than with placebo (p < .05). Ambulation speed with APO was also 15.9% faster than that with optimal doses of carbidopa/levodopa (p < .05). The latency to onset of clinical improvement with each APO dose was 10 to 40 minutes, and the duration of effect was 60 to 130 minutes. Adverse events included nausea, orthostatic hypotension, and disagreeable taste in the patient's mouth. Aside from the bitter taste, all other side effects resolved with continued use and did not limit dosing in any case. We feel that the good short-term efficacy and tolerability demonstrated in this study warrant further study of this new preparation, as there are several potential advantages of sublingual administration compared with traditional APO preparations.
The effects of separate presentations of the US on conditioned suppression

Four experiments examined the effects of separate presentations of shock on conditioned suppression of instrumental responding evoked by a CS previously paired with shock. Experiment 1 showed that conditioned suppression of responding resulting from noise-shock pairings increased as a function of time after the initial noise-shock pairings. However, it also showed that this time-dependent increase in conditioned suppression of responding could be attenuated by presentations of light-shock pairings immediately prior to the test of the noise CS. Experiment 2 showed that this attenuation effect can be produced by presentations of either light-shock pairings or shock alone. Experiment 3 showed that the magnitude of this attenuation effect was directly related to the temporal proximity of the light-shock pairings to the test of the noise CS. Experiment 4 showed that the magnitude of this attenuation effect was inversely related to the intensity of separate shock presentations.
Modulation of delayed afterdepolarisations by α1 adrenergic receptor subtypes

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the role of α1 adrenoceptor stimulation and selective receptor subtype blockade on delayed afterdepolarisations induced by high extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]O=8.1 mM) and by ouabain (2 × 10−7 M) in canine Purkinje fibres. Methods: Standard microelectrode techniques were used to record transmembrane action potentials from Purkinje fibres paced at cycle length=500 ms. The drive was interrupted for 5 s every minute to allow observation of delayed afterdepolarisations or any subsequent spontaneous rhythms. Results: The α1 adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine, 1 × 10−7 M, increased the amplitude of delayed afterdepolarisations induced by high [Ca] from 4.2(SEM 0.4) to 5.4(0.2) mV (p < 0.05), and by ouabain from 4.3(0.6) to 6.9(1.0) mV (p < 0.05). The selective α1 adrenoceptor subtype antagonist WB 4101, 1 × 10−7 M, blocked the effect of phenylephrine on delayed afterdepolarisations induced by ouabain+phenylephrine [DAD=4.6(0.6), p < 0.05] but decreased the amplitude of those induced by Ca+phenylephrine, to 2.0(0.3) mV (p < 0.05). In contrast, the selective α1b adrenoceptor antagonist chloroethylclonidine, 1 × 10−7 M, increased the amplitude of delayed afterdepolarisations induced by Ca and phenylephrine to 6.6(0.6) mV (p < 0.05) and by ouabain and phenylephrine to 12.6(2.0) mV (p < 0.05). Conclusions: α1 Adrenoceptor subtypes modulate the amplitude of delayed afterdepolarisations induced by ouabain and by high [Ca]. The chloroethylclonidine-blocked α1 adrenoceptor subtype decreases, and the WB 4101-blocked subtype potentiates, this arrhythmogenic mechanism. Cardiovascular Research 1993; 27 :839-844
Fusion of Visual and Thermal Signatures with Eyeglass Removal for Robust Face Recognition

This paper describes a fusion of visual and thermal infrared (IR) images for robust face recognition. Two types of fusion methods are discussed: data fusion and decision fusion. Data fusion produces an illumination-invariant face image by adaptively integrating registered visual and thermal face images. Decision fusion combines matching scores of individual face recognition modules. In the data fusion process, eyeglasses, which block thermal energy, are detected from thermal images and replaced with an eye template. Three fusion-based face recognition techniques are implemented and tested: Data fusion of visual and thermal images (Df), Decision fusion with highest matching score (Fh), and Decision fusion with average matching score (Fa). A commercial face recognition software FaceIt® is used as an individual recognition module. Comparison results show that fusion-based face recognition techniques outperformed individual visual and thermal face recognizers under illumination variations and facial expressions.
Estimating the Effect of Individual Time Preferences on the Use of Disease Screening

Economists have long been interested in evaluating the role that time preferences play in a wide range of economic decisions. In the health care arena, time preferences may be an especially important determinant of many decisions?particularly the use of preventative health care. One potential barrier to patient adoption of preventative screening regimens is that they impose current costs on consumers with the hope of lower costs in the future. Using data from a national survey, we jointly estimate latent discount rate and preventative service demand models using a limited information maximum likelihood estimator (iterated M-estimator). The results suggest that discount rates are generally inversely related to the likelihood of most screening tests.
Bayesian perspectives for epidemiological research: I. Foundations and basic methods

One misconception (of many) about Bayesian analyses is that prior distributions introduce assumptions that are more questionable than assumptions made by frequentist methods; yet the assumptions in priors can be more reasonable than the assumptions implicit in standard frequentist models. Another misconception is that Bayesian methods are computationally difficult and require special software. But perfectly adequate Bayesian analyses can be carried out with common software for frequentist analysis. Under a wide range of priors, the accuracy of these approximations is just as good as the frequentist accuracy of the software--and more than adequate for the inaccurate observational studies found in health and social sciences. An easy way to do Bayesian analyses is via inverse-variance (information) weighted averaging of the prior with the frequentist estimate. A more general method expresses the prior distributions in the form of prior data or 'data equivalents', which are then entered in the analysis as a new data stratum. That form reveals the strength of the prior judgements being introduced and may lead to tempering of those judgements. It is argued that a criterion for scientific acceptability of a prior distribution is that it be expressible as prior data, so that the strength of prior assumptions can be gauged by how much data they represent.
A dissecting popliteal cyst presenting as acute thrombophlebitis

A patient with psoriatic arthritis presented to the Geisinger Medical Center emergency department after the sudden onset of pain and swelling in his left calf. Initially, the patient was thought to have acute thrombophlebitis. Upon further examination, the diagnosis of a ruptured popliteal cyst was considered, and was confirmed with arthrography. This case illustrates an occurrence of a dissecting popliteal cyst simulating an acute deep vein thrombosis in a patient with an inflammatory process involving the knee.
Social cohesion in yellow-bellied marmots is established through age and kin structuring

Individual characteristics and choices can influence social structure in animal groups. Social behaviour is likely to change throughout an individual’s life, resulting in different social roles at different ages. Individuals may also choose to interact differently with others based on their age, sex or kinship. We used social network analysis to examine biological correlates of individual social variation in free-living groups of yellow-bellied marmots, Marmota flaviventris. To measure social variation, we chose network measures that reflect an individual’s tendency to initiate or receive both direct and indirect interactions. We asked how age, sex and kinship influenced patterns of affiliative (socially cohesive) and agonistic (socially competitive) interactions. Specifically, we predicted that individuals would vary in their tendency to initiate and receive interactions according to these characteristics, and that they would be more likely to interact affiliatively with more similar individuals and to interact agonistically with more dissimilar individuals. We found that patterns of direct and indirect interactions changed significantly with age, with younger animals being more involved in affiliative interactions and older animals initiating more agonistic ones. Furthermore, affiliative networks tended to be structured by age and kinship. Our results suggest that yearling yellow-bellied marmots are more important for maintaining social cohesion than has previously been recognized, and that marmot colonies are largely organized based on age group and kinship. 2010 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Characterization of phosphorylation sites in histone H1 in the amitotic macronucleus of Tetrahymena during different physiological states

Histone H1 is highly phosphorylated in transcriptionally active, amitotic macronuclei of Tetrahymena during vegetative growth. However, the level of H1 phosphorylation changes dramatically in response to different physiological conditions. H1 is hyperphosphorylated in response to heat shock and during prezygotic stages of conjugation. Conversely, H1 is largely dephosphorylated during prolonged starvation and during elimination of parental macronuclei during conjugation. Mapping of phosphorylation sites within H1 indicates that phosphorylation occurs at multiple sites in the amino-terminal portion of the molecule, predominantly at threonine residues. Two of these sites have been identified by compositional analyses and microsequencing of tryptic peptides. Interestingly, two major sites contain the sequence Thr-Pro-Val-Lys similar to that contained in the sites recognized by growth-associated histone kinase in other organisms. No new sites are detected during the hyperphosphorylation of H1 which occurs during heat shock or in early stages of conjugation, and no sites are preferentially dephosphorylated during starvation or later stages of conjugation. Therefore, changes in the overall level of H1 phosphorylation, as opposed to phosphorylation or dephosphorylation at particular sites, appear to be important in the regulation of chromatin structure under these physiological conditions. Further, since no cell division or DNA replication occurs under these conditions, changes in the level of H1 phosphorylation are best correlated to changes in gene expression during heat shock, starvation, and conjugation. We suggest that, at least in Tetrahymena, H1 hyperphosphorylation is used as a rapid and transient mechanism for the cessation of transcription under conditions of cellular stress.
A computerized system for assessing towed array sonar functionality and detecting faults

A computer-based system that processes hydrophone and beam noise data from a towed horizontal line array sonar has been developed. The system also produces various displays that can be used to help assess the functionality of the sonar and to identify faults that cause degraded performance. The system-and various statistics used for characterizing or quantifying a given aspect of the sonar's performance are discussed. The results are presented in visual formats to aid in rapid assessment and quantification of the sonar's performance. Examples obtained from the system during recent towed array ambient noise measurement exercises are given to illustrate its utility for real-time performance monitoring and its capability for providing clues to aid in fault localization. >
Pulmonary artery sarcoma. Clinical features

Study objectives To define characteristic clinical and radiographic presentations of patients found to have primary sarcoma of the pulmonary artery and differentiate this entity from acute and chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. To review pathologic characteristics of pulmonary artery sarcoma. Design A retrospective review of medical records at a large medical center and a review of the literature. Setting Tertiary care medical center. Patients Patients found to have pulmonary artery sarcoma based on surgical or autopsy findings. Interventions Review of medical records. Measurements and results Presenting symptoms of patients with pulmonary artery sarcoma are similar to those of patients with other pulmonary vascular disease, including progressive dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain. Symptoms not commonly associated with pulmonary vascular disease consist of progressive weight loss, anemia, and fever, which are symptoms commonly associated with malignancy. The diagnosis is often not suspected prior to surgery, which is often undertaken with an alternative diagnosis such as bronchogenic carcinoma or chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. Prolonged survival is rare; most patients survive only a few months. Survival longer than 3.5 years was not observed. Recent experience with MRI of the thorax and transesophageal echocardiography suggests that these diagnostic entities may be rewarding in separating the abnormalities seen on chest radiographs and angiography from thrombus in the pulmonary artery, mediastinal adenopathy, or primary bronchogenic carcinoma. Conclusions Although a rare entity, the key is to suspect the presence of pulmonary artery sarcoma in evaluation of patients with atypical presentations of pulmonary vascular disease especially if associated with symptoms such as weight loss, fever, or anemia.