cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Opioid Prescribing in the Pediatric Orthopaedic Trauma Population

The purpose of this article is to describe opioid prescribing patterns for children with orthopaedic injuries. A retrospective chart review was conducted on pediatric orthopaedic trauma patients (n = 124) who were discharged from the hospital or emergency department or had a clinic visit during a 1-month period. Patient demographics, prescription specifics, injury details, and fracture fixation information were collected. Results show that most children received opioids after injury (82.3%). While children undergoing operative fixation typically received opioids, only 39.5% with closed reduction did. Hydrocodone- acetaminophen accounted for 93% of prescriptions, but adolescents were more likely to receive other drugs. There was a significant trend of increasing daily dosage with increased age; 36.73% of adolescents received > 50 morphine milligram equivalents per day. Children with orthopaedic injuries are typically prescribed opioids; older children more commonly receive higher dosages. Further study is needed to define prescribing trends across facility and specialty types to aid in development of standardized prescribing guidelines. (Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances 27(4):269-273, 2018).
Combat trauma-related invasive fungal wound infections.

This review highlights research from the past 5 years on combat trauma-related invasive fungal wound infections (IFIs) with a focus on risk stratification to aid patient management, microbiology, and diagnostics. A revised classification scheme stratifies wounds into three risk groups: IFI, high suspicion of IFI, and low suspicion of IFI. This stratification is based on persistence of wound necrosis and laboratory fungal evidence, presence of signs/symptoms of deep soft-tissue infections, and the need for antifungals. Use of this classification could allow for prioritization of antifungal therapy. Further, IFIs delay wound healing, particularly when caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Lastly, molecular sequencing offers promising and complimentary results to the gold standard histopathology. Optimal management of combat-related IFIs depends on early tissue-based diagnosis with aggressive surgical debridement and concomitant dual antifungal therapy. Further research on clinical decision support tools and rapid diagnostics is needed.
Editorial: Is Every TME issue special?

I am pleased to present the third issue of volume 11, which brings the 11th year of The Mathematics Enthusiast to a culmination. This issue is (mis)labeled as a special issue on the topic "Is every TME issue special?" The reader is undoubtedly curious as to the purposeful mischief indulged in by the journal. About 15 months ago, I started receiving e-mails from various members from the mathematics education community, as to whether the journal now only publishes special issues in mathematics education? In addition I started receiving e-mails from members in the mathematics community asking whether the journal is no longer interested in receiving math-oriented manuscripts.These e-mails were provoked by the fact that the last four issues going back to vol.lO,nos.l and 2 (January 2013) were on special topics such as international perspectives on problem solving; a survey of NSF MSP projects; the 2010 BIRS workshop on Teachers as Stakeholders in MeR; and McK of Elementary School Teachers from a PMENA focus group. Notice that the last sentence is heavy on the use of acronyms borrowed from the mathematics education community barring "BIRS" which is well known to the mathematics community. This does suggest that the journal has focused heavily on mathematics education issues for the last two years. However this does not mean that this pattern will continue indefinitely. The current issue breaks the pattern despite the mischievous (mis)labeling in that the focus is back on topics in mathematics.The current issue also highlights the roots of the journal, namely in Montana- in that many of the articles have been authored by faculty and students in the mathematical sciences department of the University of Montana. The math pieces examine myriad and provocative issues such as the beauty of applied mathematics; integrating irregularly spaced (x,y) data; the historical and mathematical significance of the development of trigonometric "functions" in India and its connection to the progress of Calculus; the counterexamples that result from trying to generalize the Cantor-Schroder-Bernstein theorem; and the mis(use) of mathematical problems as a tool for anti-Semitism!. The mathematically astute reader will find the more math oriented pieces interesting and easy to read. There is also a sampling of mathematics education oriented papers in contributions that address conceptions/misconceptions in the idea of angles and proportionality, in addition to context based problems in the PISA examinations. …
A Position Paper on the Implementation of Learning Technology Tools: Uncovering Faculty Perceptions

Effective integration of learning technology tools in classrooms is a key component of 21st century higher education classrooms. The goal of the position paper is to provide a discussion from the results of the research study and to uncover the faculty members’ views and perceptions about implementing learning technology tools. Insights from this study revealed that it is a teaching technique and style of the faculty members in the use of these learning technology tools that determined the nature of their perception of success rather than the learning tools themselves.
The Corrective Justice Theory of Punishment

The American penal system is racist, degrading, and inefficient. Nonetheless, we cannot give up on punishment entirely, for social peace and cooperation depend on the deterrent threat of the criminal sanction. The question—central to determining the degree to which punishment is justified—is why society’s need for general deterrence is an offender’s problem. Why is it his responsibility to scare off would-be future offenders? His past offense does not magically render him accountable for the actions of total strangers. Existing theories of criminal justice are unable to answer this question. This Article fills the lacuna—justifying state punishment, but, more importantly, establishing its moral limits—with the help of tort law principles. It argues that deterrent punishment can be justified as a means of rectifying an offender’s contribution to “criminality”—not merely the perceived, but the objective threat of crime in society. Criminality chills the exercise of our rights, forces us to take expensive precautions, and exposes us to unreasonable risks of harm. By having increased the level of criminality in the past, an offender owes a duty of repair to society as a whole, a duty of “corrective justice” in the language of tort theorists. He can fulfill this duty by decreasing the threat of crime in the future. In this way, deterrent punishment does not merely sacrifice him to limit the problem of future crime, for which he has no personal responsibility. Rather, it forces him to fulfill his own duty of repair. This novel theory—the corrective justice theory of punishment—entails three sentencing principles. First, punishment must in fact deter crime and must be the most efficient means of doing so. Second, however efficient it may be, punishment must not harm an offender more than is required to repair his criminality contribution. Third, even if it is both efficient and reparative, punishment must not harm an offender to a degree that is entirely out of proportion to the harm prevented by doing so. The Article demonstrates how these three principles, in combination, demand a radical reduction in American sentencing scales. The Article thus concludes that the corrective justice view presents stable moral ground for the decarceral movement in America.
Maternal and larval niche construction interact to shape development, survival, and population divergence in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus

Through niche construction, organisms modify their environments in ways that can alter how selection acts on themselves and their offspring. However, the role of niche construction in shaping developmental and evolutionary trajectories, and its importance for population divergences and local adaptation, remains largely unclear. In this study, we manipulated both maternal and larval niche construction and measured the effects on fitness-relevant traits in two rapidly diverging populations of the bull-headed dung beetle, Onthophagus taurus. We find that both types of niche construction enhance adult size, peak larval mass, and pupal mass, which when compromised lead to a synergistic decrease in survival. Furthermore, for one measure, duration of larval development, we find that the two populations have diverged in their reliance on niche construction: larval niche construction appears to buffer against compromised maternal niche construction only in beetles from Western Australia, but not in beetles from the Eastern United States. We discuss our results in the context of rapid adaptation to novel conditions and the role of niche construction therein.
HANDS 2019 - A decade of neutron scattering education in structural biology at Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), in conjunction with North Carolina State University, and the Shull Wollan Center–a Joint Institute for Neutron Scattering, celebrated a decade of neutron scatt...
Topological Deep Learning.

This work introduces the Topological CNN (TCNN), which encompasses several topologically defined convolutional methods. Manifolds with important relationships to the natural image space are used to parameterize image filters which are used as convolutional weights in a TCNN. These manifolds also parameterize slices in layers of a TCNN across which the weights are localized. We show evidence that TCNNs learn faster, on less data, with fewer learned parameters, and with greater generalizability and interpretability than conventional CNNs. We introduce and explore TCNN layers for both image and video data. We propose extensions to 3D images and 3D video.
Physics-informed machine learning

Despite great progress in simulating multiphysics problems using the numerical discretization of partial differential equations (PDEs), one still cannot seamlessly incorporate noisy data into existing algorithms, mesh generation remains complex, and high-dimensional problems governed by parameterized PDEs cannot be tackled. Moreover, solving inverse problems with hidden physics is often prohibitively expensive and requires different formulations and elaborate computer codes. Machine learning has emerged as a promising alternative, but training deep neural networks requires big data, not always available for scientific problems. Instead, such networks can be trained from additional information obtained by enforcing the physical laws (for example, at random points in the continuous space-time domain). Such physics-informed learning integrates (noisy) data and mathematical models, and implements them through neural networks or other kernel-based regression networks. Moreover, it may be possible to design specialized network architectures that automatically satisfy some of the physical invariants for better accuracy, faster training and improved generalization. Here, we review some of the prevailing trends in embedding physics into machine learning, present some of the current capabilities and limitations and discuss diverse applications of physics-informed learning both for forward and inverse problems, including discovering hidden physics and tackling high-dimensional problems. The rapidly developing field of physics-informed learning integrates data and mathematical models seamlessly, enabling accurate inference of realistic and high-dimensional multiphysics problems. This Review discusses the methodology and provides diverse examples and an outlook for further developments.
A Novel Approach to Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Using Minimally Invasive Trigeminal Ablation (MITA) (P5.2-097)

Objective: We describe 3 multiple sclerosis patients who became pain free after a novel minimally invasive office procedure to treat trigeminal neuralgia. Background: The prevalence of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is 20-fold higher among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients than in the general population. MS patients with TN (MSTN) are reported to have atypical manifestations, longer episodes of pain and have less relief of pain with both pharmacological and surgical treatments. Conventional surgical methods have shown a high failure rate in MS patients. Design/Methods: We evaluated 3 MS patients with refractory unilateral TN, resistant to maximum medical treatment for MITA. None of our patients had neurovascular compression on neuroimaging. Two patients had tried a gamma knife procedure without significant pain relief. All 3 patients were evaluated and then underwent MITA. During the initial office visit, the symptomatic nerve is identified with a diagnostic trigeminal block into the peripheral nerve exit site. If patient experiences complete relief and no adverse symptoms with the nerve block, MITA is scheduled in the same-day-surgery suite. Intraoperatively, an incision is made along the buccal mucosa and the tissue is endoscopically dissected in a plane towards the symptomatic nerve. Once isolated, the epineurium is partially ablated circumferentially with thermocautery and the tissue surrounding the nerve is decompressed. Results: All 3 patients had significant improvement in their TN pain after MITA, allowing tapering of medical treatment and all of them were pain free at an average of six months follow up. Two patient had mild hypoesthesia over the ablated nerve territory, not interfering with daily function. Conclusions: MITA is a novel, safe, and effective technique for symptomatic control of trigeminal neuralgia in MSTN patients. The efficacy, low risk, and relative ease of the procedure makes it ideal for use in MS patients refractory to medical management. Disclosure: Dr. Tajali has nothing to disclose. Dr. Paskhover has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ward has nothing to disclose. Dr. Herschman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hillen has received research support from Roche/Genentech.
Archimedean lattices

Anarchimedean lattice is a complete algebraic latticeL with the property that for each compact elementc∈L, the meet of all the maximal elements in the interval [0,c] is 0.L ishyper-archimedean if it is archimedean and for eachx∈L, [x, 1] is archimedean. The structure of these lattices is analysed from the point of view of their meet-irreducible elements. If the lattices are also Brouwer, then the existence of complements for the compact elements characterizes a particular class of hyper-archimedean lattices.
Immune Escape: Role of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase in Tumor Tolerance

Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) degrades the essential amino acid tryptophan in mammals, catalyzing the initial, rate-limiting step in de novo biosynthesis of the metabolic cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Broad evidence implicates IDO and the tryptophan catabolic pathway in the generation of immune tolerance to foreign antigens in tissue microenvironments. In particular, recent findings have established that IDO is overexpressed in both tumor cells and antigen-presenting cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes where it promotes the establishment of peripheral immune tolerance to tumor antigens. In the normal physiologic state, IDO is important in creating an environment that limits damage to tissues due to an overactive immune system. However, by fostering immune suppression, IDO can facilitate the survival and growth of tumor cells expressing unique antigens that would otherwise be recognized normally as foreign. In preclinical studies, small-molecule inhibitors of IDO can reverse this mechanism of immune suppression, strongly leveraging the efficacy of classical cancer chemotherapeutic agents to trigger regression of tumors that are otherwise largely resistant to treatment. These results have spurred clinical translation of IDO inhibitors, the first of which entered Phase I human trials in late 2007. In this chapter, we survey work defining IDO as an important mediator of peripheral tolerance, review evidence of IDO dysregulation in cancer cells, and provide an overview of the development of IDO inhibitors as a new immunoregulatory modality to enter clinical trials for cancer treatment.
Methods for selecting auxotrophic and temperature-sensitive mutants in yeasts.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the methods for selecting auxotrophic and temperature-sensitive mutants in yeasts. Mutant selection is defined as those processes that enrich a culture for desired mutants by decreasing the number of viable nonmutant cells. Considerable pressure toward increasing the percentage of specific mutants can be exerted at each of the four basic steps in mutant isolation: (1) choice of parental strain, (2) mutagenesis, (3) enrichment of the culture for auxotrophic or temperature-sensitive ( ts ) mutants, and (4) identification of the desired mutants in the remaining cell population. Auxotrophic and ts mutations are usually recessive and therefore should be induced in a haploid strain. It is advisable to use a standard strain carrying at least one easily identified marker mutation. The chapter describes general enrichment procedures applicable to the selection of a wide variety of auxotrophic and ts mutants in yeasts. Although used primarily for Saccharomyces cerevisiae , these techniques appear to be usable with most species of yeast. Generalized procedures for selecting auxotrophs with nystatin and for selecting ts mutants by tritium suicide are given. These are followed by specific protocols used for S. cerevisiae.
Frailty Models in Survival Analysis

Introduction Goals and outline Examples Survival Analysis Basic concepts in survival analysis Censoring and truncation Parametric models Estimation of survival and hazard functions Regression models Identifiability problems Univariate Frailty Models The concept of univariate frailty Discrete frailty model Gamma frailty model Log-normal frailty model Inverse Gaussian frailty model Positive stable frailty model PVF frailty model Compound Poisson frailty model Quadratic hazard frailty model Levy-type frailty models Log-t frailty model Univariate frailty cure models Missing covariates in proportional hazard models Shared Frailty Models Marginal versus frailty model The concept of shared frailty Shared gamma frailty model Shared log-normal frailty model Shared positive stable frailty model Shared compound Poisson/PVF frailty model Shared frailty models more general Dependence measures Limitations of the shared frailty model Correlated Frailty Models The concept of correlated frailty Correlated gamma frailty model Correlated log-normal frailty model MCMC methods for the correlated log-normal frailty model Correlated compound Poisson frailty model Correlated quadratic hazard frailty model Other correlated frailty models Bivariate frailty cure models Comparison of different estimation strategies Dependent competing risks in frailty models Copula Models Shared gamma frailty copula Correlated gamma frailty copula General correlated frailty copula Cross-ratio function Different Aspects of Frailty Modeling Dependence and interaction between frailty and observed covariates Cox model with general Gaussian random effects Nested frailty models Recurrent event time data Tests for heterogeneity Log-rank test in frailty models Time-dependent frailty models Identifiability of frailty models Applications of frailty models Software for frailty models Appendix References Index
Label-free optical molecular imaging for clinical tissue diagnostics

Label-free nonlinear optical molecular imaging methods could enable the rapid, reliable, and non-invasive assessment of living tissue-engineered constructs, potentially addressing a critical regulatory requirement in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
A Unique Platform for Materials Design

By combining ionic liquids with block polymers, a virtually unlimited range of composite materials can be prepared.
Finding Maximum Cliques with Distributed Ants

In this paper we describe an ant system algorithm (ASMC) for the problem of finding the maximum clique in a given graph. In the algorithm each ant has only local knowledge of the graph. Working together the ants induce a candidate set of vertices from which a clique can be constructed. The algorithm was designed so that it can be easily implemented in a distributed system. One such implementation is also described in the paper. For 22 of the 30 graphs tested ASMC found the optimal solution. For the remaining graphs ASMC produced solutions that are within 16% of the optimal, with most being within 8% of the optimal. The performance of ASMC is comparable to existing algorithms.
Abstract T P235: Assessing the Impact of Rotorcrafts in a Model of Induced Cerebral Embolism (AIR-MICE)

Objective: Stroke is a time-dependent emergency that often requires emergent helicopter evacuation, a critical early setting for which little is known about the positive or deleterious effect of altitude change, noise, acceleration and vibration. While many of these factors could worsen ischemic injury, the low frequency vibrations might augment clot lysis and enhance rtPA treatment. The objective of this study is to measure the feasibility, safety and potential effect of helicopter transport during thrombolysis in an animal model. Methodology: Prospective, randomized, open intervention and blinded end-point pilot study that combines a controlled experimental model with a real life helicopter flight exposure. Subjects were adult C57BL/6 male mice that simultaneously underwent an embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO) in pairs. Each pair of mice were randomized to receive 10 mg/kg of rtPA at two hours after eMCAO either during a one hour local flight in a MI2 turbine helicopter, or to simultaneously receive the same rtPA infusion while waiting in an airport hangar. Mice were sacrificed at 24 h. Primary outcome measure was infarct volume. Secondary outcome was neurological scores. Results: Eighteen mice (9 pairs) were analyzed. Lower infarction volumes were seen in the helicopter assigned group in 6/9 pairs. The mean infarction volumes were 246.6 mm 3 (SD 154) for ground group and 213.6 mm 3 (SD 170) for the helicopter group. A paired t-test analysis showed lesser infarction volumes in the helicopter group (mean difference 33 mm 3 , p=0.33), a difference that was not influenced when adjusting for ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. The neurological scores were similar in the ground and helicopter groups (1.28 vs. 1.22, p=0.88). Conclusion: Randomized trials of the effect of helicopter transport in a mouse model of eMCAO are feasible, and desirable to test the effect of neuroprotective therapies in this unique setting. These results endorse the safety of aerial transport, which might be associated with lower infarction volumes. The potential synergist effect of vibration in the rotorcraft with reperfusion needs to be explored further.
Ionization layer at the edge of the accelerating plasma in a pulsed plasma thruster

Summary form only given. There are different characteristic sub-regions near the surface namely space-charge sheath, Knudsen layer, presheath and ionization layer, where transition to ionization equilibrium occurs. We describe the phenomena associated with a contact wall surface-plasma under conditions of strong plasma acceleration. Such a case is realized in pulsed plasma thrusters. There are two specific problems that we address in this work, namely plasma generation phenomena (ablation) and formation of the ionization layer. Considering ablation phenomena we couple the non-equilibrium, Knudsen layer, with the hydrodynamic layer, that provides solution for the ablation rate. The ablation rate is determined by the flow velocity at the edge of the Knudsen layer. Considering an electromagnetic pulsed plasma thruster we found that, depending on the current density in the hydrodynamic layer, this velocity varies from very small (compared to the sound speed) up to the sound speed with current density increase. It was shown how plasma acceleration under external forces affects the boundary condition at the edge of the Knudsen layer.
Giant pseudopolyposis in colitis with colonic intussusception

When an area of giant pseudopolyp formation resulted in intussusception in a patient with known ulcerative colitis, operative intervention was required. The double contrast barium enema and fiberoptic colonoscopy were valuable complimentary diagnostic techniques in the evaluation of such a patient.
MO‐FF‐A2‐02: Respiration Induced Heart Motion and Indications of Gated Delivery for Left‐Sided Breast Irradiation

Purpose: To study dosimetric gain of respiratory gating to account for heart motion during left‐sided breast irradiation and to determine indications for gating treatment during treatment planning.Methods and materials: The 4DCT data acquired with free breathing for 13 (out of 68) left‐sided breast cancer patients, who underwent whole breast irradiation with or without regional nodal irradiation, were analyzed retrospectively. Contours of the targets, lung and heart from the planning CT, selected to be the CT at 20% phase, were populated to 0‐ and 50%‐phase CT using deformable registration. The 3D dose distributions were reconstructed in these three phases (0, 20 and 50%). The heart dislocation between the breathing phases was measured in three selected transverse CT slices for the three phases by the changes of DLAD [the distance from left ascending aorta (LAD) to a fixed line drawn on each slice], and maximal heart depth (MDH, the distance of the forefront of the heart to the line). These distances were correlated with the changes of mean heart dose (MHD) and V25.2 for heart between the breathing phases. Results: Significant respiration induced heart displacement was seen, which resulted in substantial variations in dose delivered to the heart. In particular, the heart appeared to move towards to the chest wall during respiration, DLAD changed up to 9 mm, and MDH changed 10.4 mm, 11.0 mm and 10.7mm, respectively, on the three transverse CT slices from superior to inferior. The MHD and V25.2 varied up to 38% and 39%, respectively. These variations were reduced substantially with gating. Conclusion: The respiration induced heart displacement can result in significant variation in heart dose during left‐sided breast irradiation. A large variation in the distances: MDH and/or DLAD, can be used as an indicator to trigger respiratory management, such as gating prior to the treatment delivery.
Teichmüller geodesics and ends of hyperbolic 3-manifolds

THE THEORY of the structure and deformations of hyperbolic 3-manifolds depends in an essential way on a good understanding of the geometry of incompressible maps of surfaces into these manifolds. Consider, for example, a hyperbolic 3-manifold N homeomorphic to S x R where S is a closed surface of genus g > 1. Thurston and Bonahon showed how to fill the convex hull of N with “pleated surfaces” homotopic to the obvious map S -+ S x {0} (see Sections 2.3, 2.4) and these surfaces have induced metrics which determine points in the Teichmiiller space r(S) of conformal (or hyperbolic) structures on S. It has been conjectured that the locus of these points is related in an approximate way to a geodesic in F(S), and this is known to be true for a class of examples arising from hyperbolic structures on surface bundles over a circle (see [S]). This kind of information has implications concerning the geometry of N, which will be discussed more fully in a forthcoming paper ([25]). From a more differential-geometric point of view, one can consider, for any metric 0 on S, a mapf, : S -+ N of least “energy” (see Section 3) in the above homotopy class. This least energy is then some function 8(c), andf, is a harmonic map. One can then ask about the locus of points [o] in 3(S) where 8 is bounded above by a given constant, and its relationship to the above set of metrics induced from pleated surfaces. We give here a proof of the following result in this direction, where the crucial restrictive hypothesis we need to make is a positive lower bound on the injectivity radius inj,(x) for all x E N.
Variance Components of Semen Criteria from Bulls Ejaculated Frequently and Their Use in Experimental Design

Abstract Variance components for 16 characteristics of bull semen were computed from 1,536 ejaculates from 63 Holstein bulls ejaculated four times per week. Based on animal and error components of variance, number of bulls and ejaculates per bull required to detect treatment differences for two treatment experiments under specified conditions were calculated for continuous and reversal type experiments. In reversal design to have a 90% chance of detecting a mean treatment difference of 25% at 5% significance requires two ejaculates per bull per treatment collected from 3 to 22 bulls, depending on the semen characteristic. For continuous experiments in which each bull receives only one treatment, usually two to three times as many ejaculates (bulls × ejaculates) are needed for similar sensitivity. Optimum design may differ depending upon ages of bulls.
Description of Missouri School of Mines Magnetic Observatory

Last summer funds were appropriated by the Executive Committee of the Board of Curators for the erection and equipment of a small magnetic observatory at Rolla. The Observatory will consist of a set of three magnetic variometers which will give a continuous record of the variations in the horizontal intensity, the vertical intensity, and the declination of the Earth's magnetic field. These instruments will be housed in a variation-building which will be about 15 by 18 feet outside dimensions, well thermally insulated, and of completely non-magnetic construction. Also there will be an absolute building about eight by eight feet outside dimensions of non-magnetic construction and containing masonry piers on which instruments for measuring the absolute value of the strength and direction of the magnetic field may be set. The foundation- and pier-footings for the variation-building have been poured and the variometers have been purchased. It is planned to construct the absolute building immediately but funds are not now available for the absolute instruments.
Bound whispering gallery modes in circular arrays of dielectric spherical particles

Low-dimensional ordered arrays of dielectric particles can possess bound optical modes having an extremely high quality factor depending on the material used. If these arrays consist of metal particles, then they cannot have a high quality factor because their light absorption restricts performance. In this paper we address the following question: can bound modes be formed in dielectric systems where the absorption of light is negligible? Our investigation of circular arrays of spherical particles within the framework of the multisphere Mie scattering theory using the simplest dipolar-like approach shows that (1) high quality modes in an array of 10 or more particles can be attained at least for a refractive index n r > 2, so optical materials like TiO 2 or GaAs can be used; (2) the most bound modes have nearly transverse polarization perpendicular to the circular plane; (3) in a particularly interesting case of TiO 2 particles (rutile phase, n r = 2.7 ), the quality factor of the most bound mode increases almost by an order of magnitude with the addition of 10 extra particles, while for particles made of GaAs the quality factor increases by almost two orders of magnitude with the addition of ten extra particles. The consideration of higher multipole contributions has demonstrated that the error of the dipolar approach does not exceed one percent if the refractive index n r is greater than 2. Minimum acceptable disordering not affecting the quality factor is studied.
Trilaminar Skin Coverage Combined with Cultured Epithelial Autografts—A New Technique for Treating the Elderly Patient with Burn Injuries

Additional morbidity may be associated with standard split-thickness skin graft donor sites in elderly (65 years or older) patients with burn injuries. In an attempt to minimize the area of the donor sites and maximize autografts, we describe a new technique that uses trilaminar harvesting of skin grafts with dermolipectomy closure, and permanent coverage of the autograft layers achieved with cultured epithelial autografts in an elderly burn victim. An 80-year-old man was admitted with a 15% total body surface area burn to the bilateral lower extremities and buttocks. All meshed split-thickness skin grafts (12) applied showed excellent take, and it was reported that the cultured epithelial autograft take was approximately 90%. All dermolipectomy sites healed without infection. Our procedure proved to be a useful technique in the permanent closure of full- and partial-thickness burns in an elderly patient admitted to the burn unit.
Lipid Mediated Heterogeneity in Cisplatin Resistance in Cancer Cell Lines

Cisplatin is a classic chemotherapeutic agent used for treating several forms of cancer. However, cells develop resistance to the drug in some patients and the mechanism of resistance to cisplatin is currently unknown. We hypothesize that some aspects leading to resistance of cells to cisplatin have their origin in the mixing properties of plasma membrane lipids. These changes in the plasma membrane could augment or suppress cisplatin induced signaling events in a way that infers resistance to cisplatin. Here, we present experimental results linking the resistance of cisplatin to the effects that cisplatin has on the mixing properties of plasma membranes. We have accomplished this by measuring how cisplatin treatment alters miscibility critical temperatures in giant plasma membrane vesicles isolated from cancer cells with varying resistance to this drug. In addition, we have monitored cellular responses to cisplatin treatment in the presence of biochemical modulators of membrane physical properties. We conclude that membrane physical properties play a role in cancer cells developing resistance to this chemotherapeutic drug. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which membrane physical properties impact this process will enable in better understanding for developing therapies for battling cancer.
A study of risk reduction for some mitigation features for PWRs

Abstract The risk reduction attainable with mitigation features in a large-dry pressurized water nuclear reactor (PWR) is evaluated. The calculations are made in a probabilistic risk analysis framework, and they are based on Zion Probabilistic Safety Study (ZPSS). Some of the modifications made to this study are also taken into account. The mitigation designs considered consist of features for simultaneously controlling late containment overpressure, containment basemat penetration, and hydrogen burning. The individual mitigation features include: a passive containment heat removal system (PCHRS), a filtered-vented containment system (FVCS), a core ladle, and controlled hydrogen burning. Emphasis is placed on comparison of PCHRS and FVCS design options. The results include calculations of the sensitivity to several failure mode probabilities and to the probability of core meltdowns with containment bypass.
The Case Against Histograms

A homework assignment used to show students that histograms can be misleading is presented.
Schenker's Interpretive Practice

Schenker's Interpretive Practice is the first comprehensive study of this century's most influential music theorist, Heinrich Schenker. Since the 1960s, American theorists and musicologists have focused almost exclusively on analytical methods distilled from Schenker's writings. Breaking from that tradition, Robert Snarrenberg returns to Schenker's texts and to the humanist roots of his approach, situating Schenker's work in the broader context of his desire to portray the richness and particularity of musical experience. Snarrenberg concentrates on four aims that Schenker hoped to achieve: to present a theoretical account of musical effects encountered in European music of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, to represent the mindset shared among composers of that music, to convey the expressive interaction of musical effects in individual artwork, and to promote continued creative and re-creative participation in the musical tradition.Author recipient of the 1998 Young Scholar Award from the Society of Music Theory.
Where IR you? – Using “Open Access” to Extend the Reach and Richness of Faculty Research within a University

Purpose – This paper aims to clarify the relationship between researcher, digital librarian, and cataloger supporting collection building in institutional repository (IR). It also aims to propose modeling the collaborative process and outline why and how cooperative partnership is important throughout the IR content building process. The study seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge of IR collection building by including a faculty‐centered approach and level of data curation aspects than is normally found in IR content building literature.Design/methodology/approach – The paper opted for an experimental approach of IR collection building, including several interviews and one expert group discussion with faculty representing the department of anthropology. The data were complemented by digital collection description and accessibility in IR, online public access catalog (OPAC) and OCLC WorldCat.Findings – The paper provides empirical insights about how faculty contribution is brought about during IR co...
NOTES ON MISSOURI HALLOYSITE

A brief discussion of the properties of halloysite is presented, together with the results of tests made on the firing behavior of halloysite from Lawrence County, Mo. The high refractoriness, apparent colloidal nature, and excellent white color are the outstanding favorable qualities, while the extreme firing shrinkage appears to be the only unfavorable feature.
Effect of phase mismatch on the transverse dynamics of a phase-conjugate resonator at low Fresnel number

The dynamics of a resonator using an externally pumped photorefractive phase-conjugate mirror is studied experimentally as a function of the phase mismatch introduced by an angular tilt of the pump beam. At the lowest Fresnel number allowing transverse structures (F∼2.5), it is observed that spatially inhomogenous patterns are time dependent, periodic in this case, with a diverging period as phase matching is approached. The transverse beam pattern is analyzed using a singular value decomposition revealing two significant eigenmodes oscillating in phase quadrature.
Stark effects on the phosphorescent states of l-indanone, l-tetralone, and 2,4,5-Trimethylbenzaldehyde☆

Abstract The differences in dipole moments between the ground and the phosphorescent states of l-indanone, l-tetralone, and 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde using durene and hexamethylbenzene host crystals are determined from spectral line splittings in a static electric field and from intensity modulation in an alternating field. It is concluded that the magnitude of the vector difference in dipole moments characteristic of a 3 nπ * excited state for l-indanone is −2.2 ± 0.1 D and for l-tetralone is −1.8 ± 0.1 D while the difference characteristic of a 3 ππ * excited state for trimethylbenzaldehyde is ± 1.1 ±0.1 D.
Duality-based algorithms for total-variation-regularized image restoration

Image restoration models based on total variation (TV) have become popular since their introduction by Rudin, Osher, and Fatemi (ROF) in 1992. The dual formulation of this model has a quadratic objective with separable constraints, making projections onto the feasible set easy to compute. This paper proposes application of gradient projection (GP) algorithms to the dual formulation. We test variants of GP with different step length selection and line search strategies, including techniques based on the Barzilai-Borwein method. Global convergence can in some cases be proved by appealing to existing theory. We also propose a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) approach that takes account of the curvature of the boundary of the dual feasible set. Computational experiments show that the proposed approaches perform well in a wide range of applications and that some are significantly faster than previously proposed methods, particularly when only modest accuracy in the solution is required.
Connections between the basal I1 “growth” fault and 〈c+a〉 dislocations

Abstract Recently published experimental results have suggested a connection between the I1 basal stacking fault and the non-basal 1 3 〈 1 1 2 ¯ 3 〉 (i.e. 〈c + a〉) dislocation, particularly in Mg–Y and Mg–Y–Zn alloys. Deformed Mg–Y alloys contain more 〈c + a〉 dislocations and I1 faults than pure Mg, and the I1 fault energy has been shown to be significantly reduced by the addition of Y solute atoms using ab initio modeling. The TEM evidence of a possible connection between the two crystal defects is reanalyzed to reveal: (i) a non-planar dissociation of the pyramidal 〈c + a〉 edge dislocation into the basal plane, resulting in an I1 fault bounded by 1 6 〈 2 0 2 ¯ 3 〉 partial dislocations; and/or (ii) a new source mechanism involving nucleation of the pyramidal 〈c + a〉 dislocation from a pre-existing I1 fault. The former reaction is energetically favorable, but non-conservative. The latter is shown to be energetically conceivable for a wide range of fault geometries. The concepts hypothesized in this paper provide explanations for the frequent TEM observation of rectilinear, edge 〈c + a〉 dislocations in Mg alloys, as well as a possible explanation for the yield strength anomaly observed in Mg and Mg alloy single crystals. Implications for radiation damage in hexagonal close packed metals are also suggested.
“Hookups”: Characteristics and correlates of college students' spontaneous and anonymous sexual experiences

This study focused on a specific risky practice common among contemporary college students: the hookup. Hookups are defined as a sexual encounter which may or may not include sexual intercourse, usually occurring on only one occasion between two people who are strangers or brief acquaintances. The aim of this study was to determine the relative importance of a variety of social and psychological predictors in understanding differences among undergraduate students who had never hooked up, those who had hooked up without sexual intercourse, and those who had hooked up with sexual intercourse. Analyses revealed that, as predicted, social, individual, and relational psychological variables helped to explain the variance among college students' varied hookup experiences. By examining the full range of sexual involvement characteristic of the casual sexual phenomenon of hooking up within a multivariate model, we were able to achieve a more differentiated understanding of college students' casual sexual experime...
Aberrant Origin of the Superior Thyroid Artery

Variation in the origin of arteries is a fairly common occurrence. Some of these variations are considered inconsequential, whereas others can have serious implications for medical procedures. The authors present an unusual case demonstrating an anomalous branching of the superior thyroid artery from the distal common carotid artery.
Spectral quality equation relating collection parameters to material identification performance

A methodology capable of quantitatively assessing the quality of hyperspectral data has become increasingly desirable as hyperspectral remote sensing technology migrates into operational systems. The quality of spectral data depends on many factors including collection parameters charactering the sensor and the scene, and the desired spectral products. Therefore, there is a recognized urgent need to understand the phenomenology associated with the collection paramters and how they relate to the quality of the information extracted from the spectral data for different applications. If such relationships can be established, data collection requirements and tasking strategies can then be formulated for these applications. A spectal quality equation with an excellent least-squares fit was established for object/anomaly detection in an earlier work. This paper describes a spectral quality equation established for material identification. This spectral quality equation relates the collection parameters (i.e. spatial resolution, spectral resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and scene complexity) to the probability of correct identification (Pi) of materials at a given probability of false alarms (Pfa).
Guttae in the donor after Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty

Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) has become the surgical technique of choice for endothelial disorders, supplanting penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Although case reports have described the presence of guttae after PK, there have been no published reports of guttae occurring in the graft after DSAEK. Case report of DSAEK in an 82-year-old female with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy Routine follow-up demonstrated the presence of guttae in the graft as early as the first post-operative day, with stromal edema being observed by the second post-operative week. The patient has had a stable visual acuity and exam for 16 months since DSAEK, with moderate guttae and trace stromal edema. The initial procedure was unremarkable, although another bubble was placed on the first post-operative day because of a cleft between the host and graft. Guttae may occur in the donor cornea after DSAEK, as previously seen after PK. Potential causes include problems with tissue preparation and grading, tissue misidentification, or surgical manipulation. Methods of elucidating whether there is an underlying predisposition to guttae formation in certain grafts, continued vigilance to ensure the highest-quality donor tissue, and meticulous surgical technique will be necessary as the use of DSAEK continues to grow.
Global attractor of coupled difference equations and applications to Lotka-Volterra systems.

This paper is concerned with a coupled system of nonlinear difference equations which is a discrete approximation of a class of nonlinear differential systems with time delays. The aim of the paper is to show the existence and uniqueness of a positive solution and to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the positive solution. Sufficient conditions are given to ensure that a unique positive equilibrium solution exists and is a global attractor of the difference system. Applications are given to three basic types of Lotka-Volterra systems with time delays where some easily verifiable conditions on the reaction rate constants are obtained for ensuring the global attraction of a positive equilibrium solution.
Combining metamodels with rational function representations of discretization error for uncertainty quantification

Abstract Techniques for producing metamodels for the efficient Monte Carlo simulation of high consequence systems are presented. The bias of f.e.m mesh discretization errors is eliminated or minimized by extrapolation, using rational functions, rather than the power series representation of Richardson extrapolation. Examples, including estimation of the vibrational frequency of a one-dimensional bar, show that the rational function model gives more accurate estimates using fewer terms than Richardson extrapolation, an important consideration for computational reliability assessment of high-consequence systems, where small biases in solutions can significantly affect the accuracy of small-magnitude probability estimates. Rational function representation of discretization error enable the user to accurately extrapolate to the continuum from numerical experiments performed outside the asymptotic region of the usual power series, allowing use of coarser meshes in the numerical experiments, resulting in significant savings.