cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-blame, other blame, and desire for revenge: Factors in recovery from bereavement

Abstract Relationships among cause of death, attributional processes, and self-reported recovery from bereavement were examined in a sample of 200 mourners People who were grieving death from natural causes (illnesses) realized better recoveries than did those who were grieving deaths from unnatural causes (murders, suicides., or accidents). Self-blame, other blame, and dual blame (simultaneous self-blame and other blame) were more frequent when the death was from unnatural cause, with dual blame, and attributional complexity, being the most prevalent form of blame in they circumstances Self-blame was correlated with poorer recoveries, irrespective of the cause of death, while the connection between other blame and recovery was mediated by both the cause of death and the desire for revenge. In unnatural deaths, mourners who blamed others and thought about or sought revenge reported less adequate adjustment than did those who blamed others but did not consider revenge. Finding are reviewed in terms of lear...
Impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor underdosing on rehospitalization rates in congestive heart failure

Abstract In a retrospective, cohort design, clinical usage of digoxin, diuretic, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor was assessed in all patients readmitted over a 36-month period for congestive heart failure (CHF) diagnostic-related group (DRG) 127. ACE inhibitor dose-response analysis used the discharge dose of ACE inhibitor, converted to enalapril-equivalent doses and adjusted for renal function. Principal end points were time-to-readmission and 90-day readmission rate. Of 314 total patients, digoxin was used in 72%, diuretic in 86%, and 67% received an ACE inhibitor. Only 22% of those on an ACE inhibitor received currently recommended doses of enalapril ≥20 mg/day or equivalent, whereas 41% received enalapril ≤5 mg/day. Time-to-readmission was increased by an ACE inhibitor (p = 0.002) but not digoxin or diuretic. An ACE inhibitor was the principal covariate of 90-day readmission rate (p
When Did “Do No Harm” Become “Do Nothing”? Graduate Student Perspectives on the HTS Controversy

: Liam Frink is contributing editor of “Ethical Currents,” the AAA Committee on Ethics column in Anthropology News.
Evolution of human influenza A viruses over 50 years: rapid, uniform rate of change in NS gene

Variation in influenza A viruses was examined by comparison of nucleotide sequences of the NS gene (890 bases) of 15 human viruses isolated over 53 years (1933 to 1985). Changes in the genes accumulate with time, and an evolutionary tree based on the maximum parsimony method can be constructed. The evolutionary rate is approximately 2 X 10(-3) substitution per site per year in the NS genes, which is about 10(6) times the evolutionary rate of germline genes in mammals. This uniform and rapid rate of evolution in the NS gene is a good molecular clock and is compatible with the hypothesis that positive selection is operating on the hemagglutinin (or perhaps some other viral genes) to preserve random mutations in the NS gene.
An intriguing legacy of Einstein, Fermi, Jordan, and others: The possible invalidation of quark conjectures

The objective of this paper is to present an outline of a number of criticisms of the quark models of hadron structure which have been present in the community of basic research for some time. The hope is that quark supporters will consider these criticisms and present possible counterarguments for a scientifically effective resolution of the issues. In particular, it is submitted that the problem of whether quarks exist as physical particles necessarily calls for the prior theoretical and experimental resolution of the question of the validity or invalidity, for hadronic structure, of the relativity and quantum mechanical laws established for atomic structure. The current theoretical studies leading to the conclusion that they are invalid are considered, together with the experimental situation. We also recall the doubts by Einstein, Fermi, Jordan, and others on the final character of contemporary physical knowledge. Most of all, this paper is an appeal to young minds of all ages. The possible invalidity for the strong interactions of the physical laws of the electromagnetic interactions, rather than constituting a scientific drawback, represents instead an invaluable impetus toward the search for covering laws specifically conceived for hadronic structure and strong interactions in general, a program which has already been initiated by a number of researchers. In turn, this situation appears to have all the ingredients for a new scientific renaissance, perhaps comparable to that of the early part of this century.
Design of Potent, Orally Available Antagonists of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1. Structure−Activity Relationships of 2-Piperazin-1-yl-1H-benzimidazoles

The vanilloid receptor-1 (VR1 or TRPV1) is a membrane-bound, nonselective cation channel that is predominantly expressed by peripheral neurons sensing painful stimuli. TRPV1 antagonists produce antihyperalgesic effects in animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Herein, we describe the synthesis and the structure−activity relationships of a series of 2-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles as novel TRPV1 antagonists. Compound 46ad was among the most potent analogues in this series. This compound was orally bioavailable in rats and was efficacious in blocking capsaicin-induced flinch in rats in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 46ad also reversed thermal hyperalgesia in a model of inflammatory pain, which was induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).
Intergrown mica and montmorillonite in the Allende carbonaceous chondrite

High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations were made of a mixture of mica and montmorillonite from fine-grained calcium, aluminum inclusions (CAI) in the Allende C3(V) meteorite. A petrographic thin section having a diameter of 4 mm contained CAI fragments ranging from less than 1 to 50 microns. The observed textural and chemical characteristics placed the inclusion in the fine-grained alkali-rich spinel aggregate category of Warks' (1979) classifications of CAIs and as type 3 in Kornacki's classifications of fine grains in Allende. Chemical analyses were performed on the phyllosilicate grains observed in the TEM scan by means of an X ray observed, and the proximity to the matrix boundary suggests a metamorphism which included aqueous alteration at a relatively low temperature.
Prognostic implications of increased QRS duration in patients with moderate and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Survival analysis was performed on a cohort of 2,265 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction of </= 40% to investigate the effect of increased QRS duration on all-cause mortality. Presence of QRS prolongation independently predicted higher mortality in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. This finding may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications in this patient population.
Updating the Bogardus social distance studies: a new national survey

The last quarter of the 20th century witnessed a number of events and social transformations that have had great implications for religious and ethnic relations around the world. This study seeks to gauge the changes in sentiment towards various U.S. ethnic and religious groups by updating and replicating the Bogardus social distance scale. The Bogardus study, which was designed to measure the level of acceptance that Americans feel towards members of the most common ethnic groups in the United States, was conducted five times between 1920 and 1977 with very few changes in research design. Consistent with prior replications, the authors of this study collected a random sample of 2,916 college students and administered the social distance scale in the form of a questionnaire. The findings indicate that the mean level of social distance towards all ethnic groups, as well as the spread between the groups with the highest and lowest levels of social distance, decreased since 1977. Mean comparisons and ANOVA test also showed that gender, nation of origin, and race are all significant indicators of the level of social distance towards all groups.
The effect of first names on perceptions of female attractiveness

The effect of a female's first name on subsequent judgments of her attractiveness was investigated via a Latin square design. The results indicated that the impact of a desirable or undesirable first name on attractiveness is minimal—less than 1% of the explained variance. These results appear to be a consistent extension of earlier findings on the impact of first names.
Mailings timed to patients' appointments: a controlled trial of fecal occult blood test cards.

Abstract Background Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) programs cost-effectively reduce colon cancer mortality. To improve the rate of colon cancer screening with FOBT, we tested the effect of mailing FOBT cards timed to appointments on the rates of completion of FOBT. Design Controlled trial. Setting/participants A total of 119 patients with primary care appointments scheduled in May or June 2000 for an urban, public hospital clinic that serves predominantly low-income, African Americans with chronic diseases. The patients in the study were selected by linking a quality improvement registry, the appointment system database, and an FOBT database to generate a list of clinic patients who had not completed an FOBT in the preceding year. Intervention Subjects were assigned to either a system of mailing FOBT cards and reminders 2 weeks prior to a scheduled appointment or usual care. Main outcome measures The primary outcomes were the rate of screening at the index appointment and during the year beginning with the date of the index appointment. Results The rate of return of the FOBT cards during the year beginning with the index appointment was 40.7% for the intervention group compared to 5% for the usual care group (odds ratio [OR]=13.0, p p Conclusions Using computer databases to generate a list of patients due for FOBT and then mailing FOBT cards timed to a scheduled appointment significantly increased the rate of colon cancer screening. This may be an efficient approach to increasing colon cancer screening with FOBT.
Development in the theory and analysis of eddy current sensing of velocity in liquid metals

We have performed a theoretical study of the magnetic fields produced by a single turn ac coil encircling a moving conductive rod or tube of flowing liquid metal. A solution exact to first order in the velocity has been obtained as a closed-form integral. Radial variation of the velocity profile is included. The solution allows a calculation of the voltages induced in two secondary coils wired in opposition for application as a velocimeter. With secondary coils wired in series, the calculation provides the classical impedance vs. frequency curves which allow determination of sample conductivity and diameter. The solution has been used to optimize design for a sensor to be used for monitoring speed and tube bore diameter in a liquid metal atomizer system. An additional solution has been obtained for arbitrary magnitude of velocity, but for constant velocity profile.
Explaining insurance policy provisions via adverse selection

In this article, we show that common insurance policy provisions—namely, deductibles, coinsurance, and maximum limits—can arise as a result of adverse selection in a competitive insurance market. Research on adverse selection typically builds on the assumption that different risk types suffer the same size loss and differ only in their probability of loss. In this study, we allow the severity of the insurance loss to be random and, thus, generalize the results of Rothschild and Stiglitz [1976] and Wilson [1977]. We characterize the separating equilibrium contracts in a Rothschild-Stiglitz competitive market. By further assuming a Wilson competitive market, we show that an anticipatory equilibrium might be achieved by pooling, and we characterize the optimal pooling contract.
Physical Therapist Practice in the Acute Care Setting: A Qualitative Study

Background Physical therapist practice in the acute care setting is not thoroughly understood, and it has been argued that skilled care is not required. Objectives The objective of this study was to describe the role of physical therapists, the clinical reasoning processes used by physical therapists, and the context for providing physical therapy services in the acute care setting. Design A convenience sample of 18 physical therapists working in 3 academic medical centers in the United States was included in this qualitative study with grounded-theory methods. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted. Transcripts were coded, and a constant comparative process of analysis was used to determine common themes. A theoretical model was derived. Results Eight themes were identified: collection and analysis of medical information, application of specialized physical therapy knowledge, communication to gain information, communication to provide information, continual dynamic assessment, professional responsibility, complex environment, and decision making for patient care. Among the limitations of this study were that the sample and method limited the generalizability of the findings, the participants were not observed in their practices, and researchers' preconceived views may have influenced the interpretation and derivation of themes. Conclusions Physical therapists in the acute care setting used clinical reasoning that required the ability to integrate medical information with physical therapy knowledge. Clinical reasoning required continual dynamic assessment of patients in a crowded, complex, fast-paced environment and resulted in rapid decision making. Constant communication with many people was critical to the process. The major concerns for physical therapists in the acute care setting, like physical therapists in other settings, were patients' mobility and safety. The goals were an optimal plan of care and an appropriate discharge setting for each patient. The therapists' roles reflected professional core values applied in ways unique to the acute care setting.
Endoscopie anatomy and map of the equine bronchial tree

Summary To develop a bronchoscopic map of the equine respiratory tree, the major airways of the lungs of 6 healthy Thoroughbred horses were systematically explored with a flexible fibreoptic endoscope through a tracheostomy while the horses were sedated in stocks. With the carina as the reference point, measurements were made of distances to the branches of the major airways using markers on the shaft of the endoscope. All branches were explored until the narrowing of their diameters prevented further advancement of the endoscope. Positions of origins of branches from the parent bronchus were recorded in relation to a 12 h clock. Branching patterns of the right and left lungs were similar. Seventeen branches of the principal and caudal lobar bronchi of the left lung, and 18 branches of the principal and caudal lobar bronchi of the right lung were identified. Mean explorable distances from the carina to the ends of the right and left caudal lobar bronchi were 34.0 ± 3.5 (sd) and 34.5 ± 3.0 cm, respectively. Generally, smaller horses had shorter explorable bronchial lengths. Branching patterns of the parent bronchi were fairly consistent among horses, particularly the branches closest to the carina. After endoscopy and euthanasia, the lungs were removed, and dried with pressurised air flowing through them for 7–10 days. Attempts to explore the airways of the dried lungs endoscopically were relatively unsuccessful, because airways were much smaller in the dried lungs, and many of the branches were distorted when compared with their ante-mortem appearances. However, having a dried lung specimen as a reference during the bronchoscopic procedure was useful for maintaining orientation in the lungs. Radiographs were used to estimate the location of the origin and destination of each airway branch in relation to the nearest intercostal space. This makes the airway map useful when lesions identified radiographically are to be lavaged.
A Mycobacterial Extracytoplasmic Sigma Factor Involved in Survival following Heat Shock and Oxidative Stress

Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors are a heterogeneous group of alternative sigma factors that regulate gene expression in response to a variety of conditions, including stress. We previously characterized a mycobacterial ECF sigma factor, SigE, that contributes to survival following several distinct stresses. A gene encoding a closely related sigma factor, sigH, was cloned from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. A single copy of this gene is present in these and other fast- and slow-growing mycobacteria, including M. fortuitum and M. avium. While the M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis sigH genes encode highly similar proteins, there are multiple differences in adjacent genes. The single in vivo transcriptional start site identified in M. smegmatis and one of two identified in M. bovis BCG were found to have -35 promoter sequences that match the ECF-dependent -35 promoter consensus. Expression from these promoters was strongly induced by 50 degrees C heat shock. In comparison to the wild type, an M. smegmatis sigH mutant was found to be more susceptible to cumene hydroperoxide stress but to be similar in logarithmic growth, stationary-phase survival, and survival following several other stresses. Survival of an M. smegmatis sigH sigE double mutant was found to be markedly decreased following 53 degrees C heat shock and following exposure to cumene hydroperoxide. Expression of the second gene in the sigH operon is required for complementation of the sigH stress phenotypes. SigH is an alternative sigma factor that plays a role in the mycobacterial stress response.
Changes in Snowmelt Runoff Timing in Western North America under a `Business as Usual' Climate Change Scenario

Spring snowmelt is the most important contribution of many rivers in western North America. If climate changes, this contribution may change. A shift in the timing of springtime snowmelt towards earlier in the year already is observed during 1948-2000 in many western rivers. Streamflow timing changes for the 1995-2099 period are projected using regression relations be- tween observed streamflow-timing responses in each river, measured by the temporal centroid of streamflow (CT) each year, and local temperature (TI) and precipitation (PI) indices. Under 21st century warming trends predicted by the Parallel Climate Model (PCM) under business-as-usual greenhouse-gas emissions, streamflow timing trends across much of western North America suggest even earlier springtime snowmelt than observed to date. Projected CT changes are consistent with observed rates and directions of change during the past five decades, and are strongest in the Pacific Northwest, Sierra Nevada, and Rocky Mountains, where many rivers eventually run 30-40 days earlier. The modest PI changes projected by PCM yield minimal CT changes. The responses of CT to the simultaneous effects of projected TI and PI trends are dominated by the TI changes. Regression- based CT projections agree with those from physically-based simulations of rivers in the Pacific Northwest and Sierra Nevada.
Error resilient image transport in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we propose an "in-network" diversity combining scheme for image transport over wireless sensor networks. We consider a wireless sensor network with both wireless link impairments and node failures. We analyze two performance metrics of the proposed image transport scheme: energy consumption and received image quality distortion. Our analysis models key aspects of the network including forward error correction, path diversity, and the multi-hop nature of ad-hoc networks. The channel model used is a two-state Markov model describing errors on the bit level. We also use a two-state Markov model of node transitions between an "on" and "off" state. Reed--Solomon coding is used for forward error correction. Theoretical and simulation results show the robustness improvement. This work also helps in understanding the tradeoffs between image quality distortion and energy consumption as a function of various network parameters such as the number of hops between the source and the destination, the average channel error rate, and the average node failure rate.
Management of classroom behaviors: Perceived readiness of education interns

Education students at a large research university participated in internships during their final semesters as part of their respective programs of study as a capstone experience. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect data on the perceptions of interns' readiness and knowledge of evidence-based practices to manage classroom behaviors for students with exceptionalities in inclusive settings. Emergent themes include general feeling of readiness to manage classroom behaviors. However, a desire for earlier access to actual classroom experiences was also expressed, as was the desire for greater instruction in evidence-based practices to manage behaviors for students with exceptionalities.
Welcome to WTS 2010

Welcome to the ninth annual Wireless Telecommunications Symposium. We hope that WTS 2010: Global Wireless Communications: The Next Generation will be a stimulating and rewarding experience for you. Wireless communications is truly a global subject and an excellent one for an interdisciplinary, international wireless communications conference like WTS to explore. During the next three days WTS 2010 will explore the next generation of global wireless communications in depth - in the invited speakers' presentations; in the Next Generation Wireless Networks and the Future of Vehicular Communications panel discussions; in the Testing Wireless Infrastructure, Cellular TV Phone, Network Security Architecture, and Wireless Network Security tutorials; and in the eight tracks of the accepted paper program: Wireless Communications: Military Aspects and Satellite Applications; Wireless Algorithms, Methods, Simulations, and Software; Wireless Communications and Network Technologies; Wireless Network Security; Ad Hoc, Sensor, Mesh Networks, and RFID; Wireless Telecommunications Services, Business and Policy; Wireless Standards and Platforms; and Wireless Communications in Latin America.
Retinoblastoma: Saving Life with Vision

Retinoblastoma has gone from >95% mortality to >95% survival in the past 100 years. Once enucleation techniques were perfected, the majority of children survived, but without the eye (or vision in that eye). Over the past 100 years, progressively better techniques have been developed for salvaging vision without sacrificing patient survival. Presently, 99% of children treated at our center survive their cancer, >99% retain at least one eye, and >90% retain normal vision in at least one eye. The introduction of ophthalmic artery chemosurgery has been the most dramatic, non-radiation-based mode to maximally preserve vision.
Is meaningful work available to all people

In light of the impact of work on human flourishing, an intractable problem for political theorists concerns the distribution of meaningful work in a community of moral equals. This article reviews...
Learning How to Ask: Native Metacommunicative Competence and the Incompetence of Fieldworkers.

Every speech community boasts an array of devices for characterizing communicative events. These native metacommunicative repertoires are culturally patterned in terms of both use and acquisition. Interviews meet with varying degrees of success by virtue of their relative (in-)compatibility with the norms underlying such events. An analysis of the way in which Spanish speakers in rural New Mexico gain metacommunicative competence suggests that native metacommunicative routines provide a rich source of sociolinguistic and social/cultural data and that awareness of these repertoires can assist fieldworkers in using interviews more appropriately and effectively. (Interview techniques, metacommunication, acquisition of sociolinguistic competence, ethnopoetics, New Mexican Spanish)
Vinblastine (VLB), bleomycin (BLEO), cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) in disseminated extragonadal germ cell tumors. A Southwest Oncology Group Study.

Nineteen patients considered to have metastatic primary extragonadal germ cell cancer were entered on a Phase II chemotherapy study using as induction therapy a combination of vinblastine (VLB) 12 mg/m2 day 1, bleomycin (BLEO) 15 U/m2 I.V. or I.M. twice weekly, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) 15 mg/m2 days 1–5, with vinblastine and DDP repeated at 28-day intervals for four months. All complete or partial responders were then placed on a maintenance regimen of vinblastine 12 mg/m2 alternating monthly with actinomycin-D 1.5 mg/m2 day 29, and chlorambucil, 10 mg/m2 P.O. days 32–37. There were three complete remissions (CR's), six partial remissions (PR's), and two stable disease. The response rate (CR's + PR's) was 56%; however, the mean duration of response was only two months (range, 1–8 months). Drug toxicity was significant and there was one toxic death. Unlike patients with disseminated testicular cancer, patients with primary metastatic extragonadal germ cell carcinoma appear to do less well on this particular drug regimen. Further investigation using different drug regimens seems necessary.
Detecting and Preventing Forward Head Posture with Wireless Inertial Body Sensor Networks

Forward Head Posture (FHP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder correlated with neck pain that affects a large percentage of the population. Research has shown that providing feedback for posture auto-correction can help combat FHP and reduce the associated neck pain. However, existing methods for head posture detection are immobile, invasive, and/or inaccurate. This paper presents the use and video-based validation of wireless inertial body sensors for FHP detection. In addition, the effectiveness of bio-feedback is evaluated.
Corporate Governance and U.S. Capital Market Competitiveness

This essay was prepared for a forthcoming book on the impact of law on the U.S. economy. It focuses on the impact the corporate governance regulation has had on the global competitive position of U.S. capital markets.During the first half of the last decade, evidence accumulated that the U.S. capital markets were becoming less competitive relative to their major competitors. The evidence reviewed herein confirms that it was not corporate governance as such that was the problem, but rather corporate governance regulation. In particular, attention focused on such issues as the massive growth in corporate and securities litigation risk and the increasing complexity and cost of the U.S. regulatory scheme.Tentative efforts towards deregulation largely fell by the wayside in the wake of the financial crisis of 2007-2008. Instead, massive new regulations came into being, especially in the Dodd Frank Act. The competitive position of U.S. capital markets, however, continues to decline.This essay argues that litigation and regulatory reform remain essential if U.S. capital markets are to retain their leadership position. Unfortunately, the article concludes that federal corporate governance regulation follows a ratchet effect, in which the regulatory scheme becomes more complex with each financial crisis. If so, significant reform may be difficult to achieve.
Contact, Perspective Taking, and Anxiety as Predictors of Stereotype Endorsement, Explicit Attitudes, and Implicit Attitudes

We proposed a model of intergroup contact wherein contact promotes understanding of outgroup perspectives, perspective taking relates to reduced intergroup anxiety that in turn is associated with lessened stereotyping and more positive intergroup attitudes. Additionally, we examined if implicit attitudes followed this model or were directly impacted by contact. White undergraduates (n = 153) completed measures of contact, perspective taking, intergroup anxiety, stereotype endorsement, and implicit and explicit intergroup attitudes. Our model fi tted the data well but explained explicit attitudes and stereotyping better than implicit attitudes. Supporting an environmental association interpretation, contact was the only signifi cant predictor of implicit attitudes. Findings support a dual-process model wherein implicit and explicit attitudes represent separate constructs and support the value of contact in improving intergroup attitudes.
A Brief History of Advances in our Understanding of Sprays: The Coupled Roles of Measurements and Analyses

Over the last 50 years, our growing understanding of spray behavior has progressed significantly any time there were marked improvements in either measurement technology or analytical capabilities; an improvement in one invariably facilitated a significant step forward in the other. Past examples include the shift from intrusive (physical probe) to nonintrusive (laser-based) techniques for measuring drop sizes and spray patternation, the ability to measure both single drop sizes and velocities in the far field, imaging techniques for capturing dilute spray near field drop formation (sheet breakup, ligament formation primary atomization) and the aerodynamic fragmentation of individual drops in the far field (secondary breakup). Parallel advances in analysis included development of computational fluid dynamics for simulating the continuous phase surrounding drops, inclusion of Lagrangian sub-models to track individual drops, derivation of linear and non-linear analyses that described the transformation of sheets or ligaments into drops, and more recently the focus single drop deformation and breakup. Future progress in our understanding of sprays is expected to follow the same pattern. Advances in instruments (most recently the development ultra-high speed/femto-second laser based techniques that have been used to probe the optically dense spray region immediately downstream of the spray injector exit orifice) will provide insight to computational fluid dynamicists who will develop ever more sophisticated modelers for initial drop formation. And the cycle will repeat itself.
Risk of ventricular arrhythmias in hypertensive men with left ventricular hypertrophy

The echocardiographic predictors of ventricular arrhythmias are reported for the Hypertension Arrhythmia Reduction Trial. Men with mild hypertension were withdrawn from their diuretic therapy and repleted with 40 mEq/day of oral potassium and 20 mEq/day of oral magnesium for 1 month. M-mode echocardiography and 24-hour continuous ambulatory electrocardiography were performed on 123 men, mean age 62 years. Forty-eight men (39%) had echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy defined as an LV mass index greater than 134 g/m2 and this finding was not related to the presence of LV hypertrophy on electrocardiogram or to age. Men who had echocardiographic LV hypertrophy were more likely than men without echocardiographic LV hypertrophy to have greater than or equal to 30 ventricular premature complexes (VPCs)/hr (odds ratio = 2.7; 95% confidence interval = 0.9, 8.0), multiform extrasystoles (odds ratio = 1.7; confidence interval = 0.8, 3.7), episodes of ventricular tachycardia (odds ratio = 2.3; confidence interval = 0.7, 7.1) and the combination of frequent (greater than or equal to 30 VPCs/hr) or complex (ventricular couplets, multiform extrasystoles or episodes of ventricular tachycardia) ventricular arrhythmia (odds ratio = 1.7; confidence interval = 0.8, 3.5). Similar associations between echocardiographic LV hypertrophy and ventricular arrhythmias were observed on 24-hour tracings obtained on entry to the study (before electrolyte repletion) in the 96 men who were taking diuretics at this time. The combination of a frequent or complex arrhythmia was also more common in men aged 60 to 70 compared to men aged 35 to 59 (odds ratio = 3.4; confidence interval = 1.4, 8.2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
It is irrelevant, but it matters: Using confluence theory to predict the influence of beliefs on evaluations, attitudes, and intentions

The present research is based on the notion of confluence—that associated mental elements have a tendency to become more consistent with each other over time, even if some of them are logically irrelevant to the issue at hand. This idea was applied to a voting paradigm where participants were exposed to varying numbers of valenced beliefs about a candidate. Two experiments tested the idea that although valenced beliefs influence attributions and voting intentions, there is an additional process whereby evaluations of irrelevant beliefs also are influenced. Not surprisingly, as more positive or negative beliefs were presented, voting intentions became more positive or more negative, respectively. More dramatically, however, positive or negative evaluations of irrelevant beliefs became more extreme in the direction of the presented items as more of them were presented. An additional experiment tested alternative mechanisms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short-Run Prosocial Behavior in Response to Receiving Corrections and Affirmations in Three Therapeutic Communities

Therapeutic communities (TCs) have a strong record of maintaining high quality social climates in prison units. One possible reason for this is the system of mutual monitoring among TC residents, based on the assumption that peer affirmation of behavior in accord with TC norms, and peer correction of behavior contrary to TC norms, will lead to increased resident prosocial behavior. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that such peer monitoring can lead to cooperation, but there has been no quantitative test of this hypothesis in an actual TC. In this article we test this assumption by using the affirmations that residents of three different TCs send as a measure of prosocial behavior following the reception of peer affirmations and corrections. At all three facilities residents send more affirmations following the reception of both affirmations and corrections, with this relationship being stronger and longer lasting after receiving affirmations. No other variable consistently predicts the number of a...
Antischistosomal versus antiandrogenic properties of aryl hydantoin Ro 13-3978.

In the early 1980s, the antischistosomal aryl hydantoin Ro 13-3978 (AH01), a close structural analogue of the androgen receptor antagonist nilutamide, was discovered. Administration of 100 mg/kg oral doses of AH01 to mice infected with adult and juvenile Schistosoma mansoni produced 95% and 64% total worm burden reductions, confirming its high activity against adult worms, and showing that AH01 is also effective against juvenile infections. AH01 had no measureable interaction with the androgen receptor in a ligand competition assay, but it did block dihydrotestosterone-induced cell proliferation in an androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cell line. For AH01, nilutamide, and three closely related aryl hydantoin derivatives, there was no correlation between antischistosomal activity and androgen receptor interaction.
Onboard inverse physics from sensor Web

Onboard sensory data mining from multiple spacecraft platforms has been an increasingly important task in space missions. In this paper, a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based reconfigurable physical inversion prototype is developed for real-time retrieving of physical properties of the investigated area. The generalized inversion processor is able to fuse the data from multiplatform sensors, eliminate redundant algorithm development and provide a vehicle for autonomous onboard image analysis and physics-based data compressions. From our empirical study, we found that the FPGA system is faster than the Pentium-based PC by at least two to three orders of magnitude. The fixed point radial basis function algorithm demonstrates parallelism as the number of bases increase.
Delegating to Enemies

An axiom of institutional design is known as the ally principle: all else equal, voters, legislators or other principals will rationally delegate more authority to agents who share their preferences (“allies”). The ally principle is a conventional starting point for large literatures on principal-agent relationships in economics, political science, and law. In public law, theories of delegation – from legislatures to internal committees, from legislatures to agencies and the executive, or from higher courts to lower courts – universally assume the ally principle. Yet history and institutional practice reveal many cases in which the ally principle not only fails to hold, but actually gets things backwards. We identify an enemy principle: in certain cases principals rationally delegate, not to allies, but to enemies or potential enemies — agents who do not share the principal’s preferences or whose preferences are uncertain at the time of the delegation. Our aim is to describe these cases of delegating to enemies, to explain the mechanisms on which they rest, and to offer an account of the conditions under which principals do best by following the enemy principle and reversing the ally principle. Such an account is a necessary first step towards a fully general and comprehensive theory of delegation, one that includes both the ally principle and the enemy principle as special cases.
A clinically useful self-report measure of the DSM-5 mixed features specifier of major depressive disorder.

Abstract Background To acknowledge the clinical significance of manic features in depressed patients, DSM-5 included criteria for a mixed features specifier for major depressive disorder (MDD). In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project we modified our previously published depression scale to include a subscale assessing the DSM-5 mixed features specifier. Methods More than 1100 psychiatric outpatients with MDD or bipolar disorder completed the Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS) supplemented with questions for the DSM-5 mixed features specifier (CUDOS-M). To examine discriminant and convergent validity the patients were rated on clinician severity indices of depression, anxiety, agitation, and irritability. Discriminant and convergent validity was further examined in a subset of patients who completed other self-report symptom severity scales. Test–retest reliability was examined in a subset who completed the CUDOS-M twice. We compared CUDOS-M scores in patients with MDD, bipolar depression, and hypomania. Results The CUDOS-M subscale had high internal consistency and test–retest reliability, was more highly correlated with another self-report measure of mania than with measures of depression, anxiety, substance use problems, eating disorders, and anger, and was more highly correlated with clinician severity ratings of agitation and irritability than anxiety and depression. CUDOS-M scores were significantly higher in hypomanic patients than depressed patients, and patients with bipolar depression than patients with MDD. Limitations The study was cross-sectional, thus we did not examine whether the CUDOS-M detects emerging mixed symptoms when depressed patients are followed over time. Also, while we examined the correlation between the CUDOS-M and clinician ratings of agitation and irritability, we did not examine the association with a clinician measure of manic symptomatology such as the Young Mania Rating Scale Conclusions In the present study of a large sample of psychiatric outpatients, the CUDOS-M was a reliable and valid measure of the DSM-5 mixed features specifier for MDD.
On Dielectric Constants and Magnetic Susceptibilities in the new Quantum Mechanics Part I. A General Proof of the Langevin-Debye Formula

In contradistinction to the old quantum theory, the new quantum mechanics yields very generally the Langevin and Debye formulas $\ensuremath{\chi}=N\ensuremath{\alpha}+\frac{N{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}}{3kT}$ for the magnetic and dielectric susceptibilities respectively. It is believed that our proof is considerably more comprehensive than previous ones, for it assumes only that the atom or molecule has a "permanent" vector moment of constant magnitude $\ensuremath{\mu}$ whose precession frequencies are small compared to $\frac{\mathrm{kT}}{h}$. There is no limit to the allowable number of superposed precessions. There can, for instance, be simultaneous precessions due to internal spins of the electron and to "temperature rotation" of the nuclei. The presence of other simultaneous external fields in addition to the applied electric or magnetic field introduces no difficulty. Besides the effect due to the permanent moment, there is the term $N\ensuremath{\alpha}$ which arises from "high frequency" matrix elements associated with transitions from normal to excited states. This term is proved independent of the temperature. The susceptibility formula contains the factor $\frac{1}{3}$ in the temperature term as generally as in the classical theory because of the high spectroscopic stability characteristic of the new quantum mechanics. It is shown that the mean squares of the $x$, $y$, and $z$ components of a vector are equal in the new quantum dynamics just as in the classical theory, the only difference being that in the new quantum theory we take the average by summing over a discrete distribution of quantum-allowed orientations instead of by integrating over a uniform continuous distribution.
Fertilization and Cleavage of Rhesus Monkey Oocytes In Vitro

Fertilization in vitro of rhesus oocytes has been performed in order to provide a model for the study of primate embryonic development. Rhesus monkeys were superstimulated by daily injections of pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) for 12 days beginning Days 3-5 of menses. An injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was given 24 h after the last PMSG injection to induce oocyte maturation. Laparoscopic aspiration of 106 follicles approximately 30 h after hCG injection yielded 87 oocytes (82% recovery). Fifty-three of these oocytes (62%) were enclosed in loose (expanded) cumulus oophorus. Washed, ejaculated rhesus spermatozoa (20 X 106 /ml) were preincubated for 4-6 h in a modified Tyrode’s solution, then diluted (1/10) into 100-M1 culture drops containing oocytes, and caffeine and dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM each). In later experiments, these chemicals were added to the sperm suspensions during the last 1.5 h of preincubation, so that they became diluted 1/10 (final concentrations 0.1 mM each) in the fertilization drops. Sperm and oocytes were coincubated for 18-24 h, then oocytes were either fixed or transferred to fresh culture medium. In 9 experiments a total of 70 rhesus oocytes were inseminated in vitro. Total results for 5 experiments were 13/30 oocytes (43%) showing signs consistent with fertilization (sperm in vitellus and/or more than 1 pronucleus or early stages of cleavage). Four more experiments yielded confirmatory evidence of fertilization. When oocytes were inseminated with live sperm that had been preincubated with caffeine and dibutyryl cAMP, 23/29 oocytes (79%) cleaved at least once; 20 of these developed to the 8-cell stage or further. A further 11 oocytes, randomly selected from the pool of available eggs in the 4 experiments, were inseminated under identical conditions with killed sperm. None of these oocytes showed activation, cleavage or fragmentation during culture for 48-73 h. Activation of oocytes and cleavage resulted only from interaction with live sperm, indicating that fertilization was in progress or had been completed.
Are twitter users equal in predicting elections? a study of user groups in predicting 2012 U.S. republican presidential primaries

Existing studies on predicting election results are under the assumption that all the users should be treated equally. However, recent work [14] shows that social media users from different groups (e.g., "silent majority" vs. "vocal minority") have significant differences in the generated content and tweeting behavior. The effect of these differences on predicting election results has not been exploited yet. In this paper, we study the spectrum of Twitter users who participate in the on-line discussion of 2012 U.S. Republican Presidential Primaries, and examine the predictive power of different user groups (e.g., highly engaged users vs. lowly engaged users, right-leaning users vs. left-leaning users) against Super Tuesday primaries in 10 states. The insights gained in this study can shed light on improving the social media based prediction from the user sampling perspective and more.
The Top 20 Baby Names for 2014 in the US

Every year, the Office of Social Security provides a list of the top 20 baby names for a given year (http://www.ssa.gov/oact/babynames/). The 20 most frequently occurring baby names for children for 2014 by gender appear in Table 1. The US Office of Social Security also provides a list of the most frequent given names for babies by decade, by state, and in the US territories from 1880 to the present.
Do Molecular Gelators Cluster in Hansen Space

Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) aid in the a priori prediction of which low molecular weight molecules have the potential to act as low molecular weight organogelators (LMOGs) and can immobilize certain liquids. The hydrogen-bonding HSP parameter individually has some predictive capacity on whether a molecule will form a gel, solution, or precipitate in a known liquid; in the case of benzene, gelators with δh > 5 MPa0.5 form gels, while molecules with δh < 10 MPa0.5 gel ethanol. Small molecules, which gel or remain in a solution state tend to cluster in specific regions of Hansen space. Excellent confinement of solutions was observed within a solubility sphere of benzene, ethanol, and acetonitrile. On the basis of the LMOGs selected, both the magnitude and directionality of the vector in Hansen space are important in predicting the gelation capacity (i.e., a gelator tends to gel toluene Δδp < −4 MPa0.5 when combining the role of Δ2δd and Δδp and ignoring Δδh).