cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Apnea in Term and Late Preterm Neonates Born to Coronavirus Infected Mothers

We report three otherwise healthy neonates born to Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) positive mothers who developed apnea during birth admission but tested negative for COVID-19 We postulate that the apnea may be due to transplacental transmission of inflammatory cytokines We strongly advise against early discharge in babies born to mothers with active COVID-19 infection [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Neonatology Today is the property of Loma Linda Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Better Together: Improving Food Security and Nutrition by Linking Market and Food Systems

Market-based approaches to food security often increase agricultural productivity and income yet sometimes fail to enhance nutrition. When food security programming combines market and food systems with a specific focus on women and girls, economic and nutrition outcomes benefit. We identify distinctive and shared elements from market and food systems and highlight how they enhance nutrition outcomes when they are combined. We describe food security programming by CARE and World Vision in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, demonstrating nutrition gains in food-insecure households.
Dynamic analysis and optimal control of drag-based vibratory systems using averaging

This paper presents dynamic analysis and optimal control of vibratory systems with asymmetric drag and asymmetric added mass, moving in a resisting medium. The paper considers the general equation of motion of drag-based vibratory systems and discusses the effects of drag asymmetry, mass asymmetry, and input waveform on the response of the system. The paper also investigates the effects of drag law on the response of the vibratory systems in different flow regimes. Using averaging methods, the averaged dynamics of the general vibratory system is determined and used for the dynamic analysis. The averaged dynamics are also used for the optimal control of the system with symmetric drag and symmetric mass. The optimal control results using the averaged dynamics are compared with the existing results determined using the conventional optimal control theories. It is shown that, for high enough frequencies, in the presented optimal control method using averaging techniques and constrained optimization, simple algebraic equations are used and the results match those obtained using the conventional optimal control theories.
Criterion validity of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scales 2-5 parent report

Abstract Background Questionnaires are frequently utilized in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) assessment and research, but there is limited evidence regarding their psychometric properties. Only two studies have investigated the diagnostic utility of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale-2-5 parent report (ASRSp 2-5), and in both of these studies, the use of a gold-standard ASD measure in the diagnostic process is unclear. Method The current study investigated the criterion validity of the ASRSp-2-5 in a clinical sample of 238 children ( X ¯ age = 3.66; autism[AUT] n = 84; non-autism[NOT] n = 154). Children were diagnosed via a comprehensive assessment that included the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2. Results Analyses included t-tests/ANCOVAs, Logistic Regression (with and without covariates), and ROC analyses (with t-scores and predicted probabilities to account for covariates). The ASRSp 2-5 scores intended to be used for diagnosis (Total and DSM-5) were non-significant in all analyses. Higher scores in the NOT group were found for Unusual Behavior and Behavioral Rigidity. However, mean differences were non-significant with inclusion of control variables (IQ and age). Social, Peer Interaction, and Social-Emotional Reciprocity demonstrated the strongest findings. The ASD group had significantly higher scores on these scales, and findings held with covariates included (IQ for Social; age for Peer Interaction). However, odds ratios were small whether or not covariates were included, and AUCs were poor-fair (.69–.70). Sensitivity and specificity could not both be optimized at any cutpoint. Conclusions The findings were not as strong or as consistent as expected. Results suggest the ASRSp 2-5 is most useful in ruling out ASD in cases of low scores (
Abstract MP49: Single Cell Multiplex Immunophenotyping Using Mass Cytometry And CITE-Seq Reveals Decreases In Circulating PD-1+CD8+ Memory T Cells With Features Of Exhaustion In Human Hypertension

Emerging evidence from animal models has demonstrated the importance of multiple innate and adaptive immune cells in hypertension. We hypothesized that the abundance and phenotype of circulating im...
Text Categorization with Support Vector Machines. How to Represent Texts in Input Space

The choice of the kernel function is crucial to most applications of support vector machines. In this paper, however, we show that in the case of text classification, term-frequency transformations have a larger impact on the performance of SVM than the kernel itself. We discuss the role of importance-weights (e.g. document frequency and redundancy), which is not yet fully understood in the light of model complexity and calculation cost, and we show that time consuming lemmatization or stemming can be avoided even when classifying a highly inflectional language like German.
Incremental concept formation with composite objects

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses incremental concept formation involving composite objects in a system called LABYRINTH. Most research on incremental concept formation has focused on attribute-value representations. Fisher's (1987) COBWEB system integrated classification and learning, sorting each instance through its concept hierarchy and concurrently updating memory. It modified the concept's probability and the conditional probabilities for its attribute values; it then recurses to the children of that concept. LABYRINTH borrows from COBWEB the basic principle of probabilistic concepts organized in a disjoint hierarchy, but it extends the representation language for instances and concepts. A composite instance is as a set of components, which may themselves be composite objects. Like COBWEB, LABYRINTH represents concepts with an associated set of attributes and their values. However, the values associated with these attributes refer to other, more primitive nodes in the concept hierarchy, giving an interleaved memory structure. Thus, multilevel concepts are stored not as a single, monolithic structure, but as many concepts distributed through memory. Each composite concept is grounded in a composite concept whose attributes refer to primitive concepts, which are represented as was in COBWEB. LABYRINTH differs from most earlier approaches in that it is constantly revising the structure of these attributes. This results from the fact that the descriptions of composite concepts refer to other nodes in the concept hierarchy, which LABYRINTH itself defines. In effect, LABYRINTH is dynamically changing the representation used to describe composite concepts.
CODECS: a fixed mixed-level device and circuit simulator

Mixed-level device and circuit simulation allows the use of one- or two-dimensional numerical models for critical devices in a circuit configuration. CODECS is a mixed-level device and circuit simulator that has been developed to support a variety of numerical models and analyses capabilities. Effective coupling of device and circuit simulation capabilities is achieved by a proper choice of algorithms and architecture. Several examples illustrate the advantages of CODECS for simulating both MOS and bipolar circuits. >
Use of Streptomycin and Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate in the Isolation of Mutants Deficient in CAP Protein

A method is described for selective isolation of mutants deficient in CAP protein necessary for the expression of catabolite-sensitive operons in Escherichia coli.
Cold flow properties of biodiesel: a guide to getting an accurate analysis

Biodiesel has several advantages compared to conventional diesel fuel (petrodiesel). Nevertheless, biodiesel has poor cold flow properties that may restrict its use in moderate climates. It is essential that the cold flow properties of biodiesel and its blends with petrodiesel be measured as accurately as possible. This work provides an overview of the important cold flow properties and how they are analyzed. The utility of cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) in evaluating biodiesel at low temperatures is discussed. Advantages and limitations of the experimental methods are evaluated. Finally, the use of sub-ambient differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the study of low temperature phase behavior of biodiesel is examined.
Energy bands and bonding in La B 6 and Y B 6

Energy bands of the "covalent metal" La${\mathrm{B}}_{6}$ have been calculated by a discrete variational method in the Hartree-Fock-Slater model. We find that the basic topology of the bands and the predicted Fermi surface are rather insensitive to the atomic configuration assumed in constructing the potential. The proposed Fermi surface is consistent with the basic features of published experimental de Haas-van Alphen data; it is not consistent with the hypothesis of magnetic breakdown which has been invoked to explain the finer details. A study of selected valence-band and conduction-band wave functions supports the conclusion that La-B bonding is more important than La-La bonding in explaining the metallic behavior of La${\mathrm{B}}_{6}$. The total density of states and the interband joint density of states for several bands are calculated and the results are compared to x-ray and optical data. Preliminary calculations of the energy bands of Y${\mathrm{B}}_{6}$ are presented; the similarity of these bands to those of La${\mathrm{B}}_{6}$ indicates that the relatively high superconducting transition temperature of Y${\mathrm{B}}_{6}$ cannot be explained by simple density-of-states arguments.
FPGA based ECG analysis system

This paper describes an FPGA-based ECG analysis system. The design, which is implemented on a Xilinx Spartan 3e starter board® utilizes about 35% of the resources available on the board, thereby leaving plenty of room for incorporating additional functionality. Hardware in the loop simulation results indicate that the design, implemented using Xilinx System Generator®, efficiently detects peaks in QRS complexes with a difference of maximum 1 sample as compared to the software detection, after an initial set up time of 2 sec, for five selected records from the Physionet database. This solution can therefore prove to be effective in building relatively inexpensive ECG pre and co-processor to integrate into complex ECG systems.
Myxococcus xanthus Does Not Respond Chemotactically to Moderate Concentration Gradients

Using a number of approaches we were unable to demonstrate a chemotactic response of Myxococcus xanthus to a variety of defined and complex materials. These data in addition to a number of prima facie arguments considerably reduce the likelihood that M. xanthus possesses a mechanism for chemotactic behavior.
How to start quality cost efforts

It is suggested that to improve efforts with quality cost reporting, the most important thing is to concentrate on building a strong foundation up-front, prior to starting the program. In order to do this, it is necessary to consider the basic questions of why, where, when, and how to do quality cost reports, who should do the reports, and how to identify quality cost. A thorough analysis of these basics is presented. >
To Mark the Beginning: A Social History of College Student Affairs

College student personnel work was born during a period of reform in the United States; it was and remains today a unique American invention. To understand this peculiar phenomenon, it is helpful to consider the historical and cultural climate in which it was born and developed. This book describes student affairs as a child of this reform movement and illustrates how it has retained much of this early characteristic during its continued development. The early years of college student personnel occurred during the Progressive period, but it was not until 1937 that it would receive a clearly stated philosophy when a group of educators wrote The Student Personnel Point of View. This book traces the years that followed as the field struggled to achieve identity and legitimacy. It provides clear evidence of the continuation of an experimentalist philosophy in its development. Co-published with American College Personnel Association.
Objective Measurement of Fibrosis: Findings in Biopsies of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Diseases

Objective Measurement of Fibrosis: Findings in Biopsies of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Diseases
The Effects of Attributions and Feedback Goals on the Generation of Supervisory Feedback Message Strategies

This article investigates the formulation of supervisory feedback messages as a function of attributions regarding poor subordinate performance and feedback goals. Theory and research drawn from feedback and attribution literatures were used to develop the research question. Data to investigate the research question were drawn from nurse managers at general hospitals. The results indicate that the goal of supervisors is an important driving force in determining the type of feedback generated, whereas attributions for poor performance had relatively few effects on the generation of feedback messages. Overall, there was a strong dominance of work-oriented feedback messages and altruism-oriented feedback messages. The implications of the model for theory and practice are discussed.
A Comparison of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities and the WISC-R

In this issue the concurrent validity of the WISC-R and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities is examined, as is the predictive validity of the WISC to the WISC-R with learning disabled students. The instability of learning disabled students' self-concepts as measured by the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale is also described, and the reader is provided with strategies for evaluating instructional materials. — D.A.S.
General and Vascular Surgery Readmissions: A Systematic Review

Hospital readmissions following surgical procedures are disruptive for patients and their families and correlates with poor outcomes including reoperation or death. Whereas readmissions following hospitalization for acute medical conditions have been the subject of ongoing research and policy initiatives for many years, readmissions have received less attention in the surgical specialties. This is remarkable given the frequency of surgery in this country, the overall cost of surgical care, and the perceived association between surgical readmission and quality of care.(1–3) Moreover, the health care costs associated with readmissions are substantial. Unplanned readmissions have an economic impact estimated at $17.4 billion per year.(1) Although debatable, a significant portion of hospital readmissions may be preventable.(2,4) Consequently, in 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was passed which contained legislation mandating a national readmissions reduction program.(5) Shortly thereafter, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) developed and implemented policies to penalize readmission.(6) Specifically, these penalties reduce reimbursement to hospitals with higher-than-expected readmission rates. These penalties have been already implemented for three medical diagnoses: congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and pneumonia, and will be expanded to the surgical procedures including hip and knee arthroplasty beginning in 2015.(6) Comprehensive reviews have addressed global aspects of readmission or readmission of patients following medical hospitalization. However, there are no systematic reviews that address surgical readmissions. In a review of interventions aimed to reduce medical readmissions, Hansen et al concluded that no single intervention was consistently associated with a reduced risk, but did note that certain components (e.g. post discharge telephone call) were common to successful bundled interventions.(7) Kansagara et al performed a systematic review of risk prediction models for readmission and determined that current models perform poorly, concluding that efforts are needed to improve their performance, including measures of patient’s social support and detailed clinical data.(8) These analyses help underscore the need for research in surgical readmissions since: (1) there is no synthesis of the current literature describing surgical readmission, (2) medical readmissions are fundamentally different from surgical readmissions, and (3) there are no proven models for predicting or preventing surgical readmissions. In this review, recent studies of readmission within the surgical subspecialties of vascular, general, bariatric, and colorectal surgery are analyzed. Readmission rates and diagnoses as well as predictors of readmission are examined within these surgical fields to help create a foundation for future research that will ultimately improve the quality of surgical care.
Mixing Models for Large-Eddy Simulation of Nonpremixed Turbulent Combustion

The application of mixture fraction based models to large-eddy simulations (LES) of nonpremixed turbulent combustion requires information about mixing at length scales not resolved on the LES grid. For instance, the large-eddy laminar flamelet model (LELFM) takes the subgrid-scale variance and the filtered dissipation rate of the mixture fraction as inputs. Since chemical reaction rates in nonpremixed turbulence are largely governed by the mixing rate, accurate mixing models are required if mixture fraction methods are to be successfully used to predict species concentrations in large-eddy simulations. In this paper, several models for the SGS scalar variance and the filtered scalar dissipation rate are systematically evaluated a priori using benchmark data from a DNS in homogeneous, isotropic, isothermal turbulence. The mixing models are also evaluated a posteriori by applying them to actual LES data of the same flow
ANGIOGENESIS AND ANGIOGENIC GROWTH FACTORS IN WILMS TUMOR

Purpose: Angiogenesis, that is new blood vessel formation, is a prerequisite for growth and metastasis of solid tumors. This study was undertaken to quantify tumor capillaries, investigate immunohistochemical expression and measure serum concentrations of angiogenic growth factors in patients with Wilms tumor.Materials and Methods: The hospital records of 33 patients were reviewed and new slides were stained for the endothelial cell marker CD31. Capillaries were quantified in the most vascularized part of the tumor (hot spot) and in the whole slide. New slides were stained immunohistochemically for the angiogenic growth factors angiogenin, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor α, transforming growth factor β1–3, tumor necrosis factor α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and their immunoreactivity was quantified. Pretreatment serum samples from 14 patients and 56 healthy control children were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for angiogenin, basic...
Oxygen requirement for cupric ion induced hemolysis

Summary The Cu(II) induced lysis of rabbit erythrocytes occurs in two phases. First there is a lag period of 60 min where few cells lyse, followed by a period of rapid lysis where most of the remaining cells undergo hemolysis. Lysis is effectively inhibited if the incubation is conducted in nitrogen or if the erythrocytes are pre-saturated with carbon monoxide. These results suggest that oxygenated hemoglobin is necessary for lysis. It has been reported that copper binds to oxyhemoglobin and releases superoxide ion. This additional oxidative stress can initiate lipid peroxidation which leads to cell hemolysis.
AIR-FLUIDIZED TOASTING OF WHOLE KERNEL WHEAT-PROCESSING VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS

Processing variables affecting toasted wheat properties were studied. For maximum gelatinization of starch, substantial moisture, up to 60% of the weight of the dry wheat, must be infused into the whole kernel and equilibrated prior to the heat treatment. Moistening, tempering and toasting optima were established. Cold paste viscosities can be reduced by over-toasting, as well as under-toasting. Heating rates must maximize starch gelatinization before moisture is evaporated. Enzyme inactivation, which affects storage stability as well as viscosity values, was not complete in 20 set at 300°F (mass-avg kernel temp 275°F) but was complete in only 15 set at 400°F (tMA= 323°F). Toasting expands the kernel twofold or more and creates a porous endosperm structure which absorbs water readily. Several applications were tested, such as soup and sauce thickeners, breaders and cereals for domestic and foreign feeding programs.
Automatic postural responses in the cat: responses of distal hindlimb muscles to paired vertical perturbations of stance

The active components of the quadrupedal diagonal stance response to rapid removal of the support from beneath a single limb were studied in cats to further define the mechanisms that trigger and generate the response. We recorded EMG activity from lateral gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles in awake, behaving cats while they stood on an hydraulic posture platform. By dropping the support from beneath a single limb, we evoked the diagonal stance response, with its characteristic changes in vertical force and EMG patterns. As the animal responded to this drop, a second perturbation of posture was then presented at intervals of 10 to 100 ms following the first. This second perturbation, which consisted of dropping the support from beneath the two limbs that were loaded as a result of the initial limb drop, made the first response biomechanically inappropriate. The EMG responses observed in both muscles during paired perturbations were triggered by the somatosensory events related to the perturbations. Muscle responses that were appropriate for the first perturbation always occurred with amplitudes and latencies similar to control trials. This was true even when the second perturbation occurred 10–20 ms after the first, that is, when this perturbation either preceded or was coincident with the response to the initial limb drop. The EMG responses that were normally associated with the second perturbation were delayed and/or reduced in amplitude when the time interval between perturbations was short. As the inter-perturbation interval was lengthened beyond 60–100 ms, however, EMG responses to the second perturbation were unaffected by the occurrence of the first perturbation. When the hindlimb containing the recording electrodes was dropped as part of the second perturbation, a myotatic latency response was observed in tibialis anterior. The amplitude of this response to the second perturbation was greater than controls when this displacement was presented during the period between initiation of the first perturbation and execution of the response to it. When the second displacement was presented after execution of the first response began, the amplitude of the myotatic response was reduced below control levels. While the results do not preclude the possibility that these “automatic” postural responses are segmental or suprasegmental reflexes, they support the hypothesis that the active component of the response to drop of the support beneath a single limb is centrally programmed and that the appropriate response can be riggered very rapidly by the somatosensory information signalling the perturbation.
Production of Chitosan by fungi

Abstract Chitosan is a novel biopolymer with numerous industrial, food, and biomedical applications. Our studies examined the production of chitosan from mycelia of Absidia coerulea, Mucor rouxii, Gongronella butieri, Phvcomyces blakesleeanus and Absidia blakesleeana. In batch culture, strains were screened to determine the fastest growing and greatest chitosan‐yielding fungi. Optimum chitosan yields were observed for most cultures at 21°and 26°C in 1% yeast extract, 0.4% glucose, and 0.3% peptone. A. coerulea ATCC 14076 and NRRL 1315 were the best producers of chitosan of the strains examined. Chitosan yields of A. coerulea, M. rouxii, G. butieri, P. blakesleeanus and A. blakesleeana were 47–50, 29–32, 21–25, 6 and 7 mg/100 mL of medium, respectively. The degree of acetylation of chitosan ranged from 6 to 15%; the lowest was from strains of A. coerulea. Viscosity average molecular weights of fungal chitosans were equivalent, approximately 4.5 x 10s daltons. A. coerulea 14076 yielded the most chitosan, 51...
Emergency medical services telephone referral program: An alternative approach to nonurgent 911 calls

Objective. To examine the effects of transferring nonurgent 911 calls to a telephone consulting nurse. It was hypothesized that the telephone referral program would result in fewer basic life support (BLS) responses with no adverse patient outcome or decrease in patient satisfaction. Methods. A two-phased prospective study was conducted in an urban and rural setting with a population of 650,000. During phase I, a BLS unit was dispatched on all calls and a nurse intervention was simulated. During phase II, no BLS unit was dispatched for calls meeting study criteria. Callers were transferred to the nurse, and consulting nurse protocols were used to direct care. Data were collected from dispatch, BLS, nurse, and hospital records and patient self-assessment. Results. During phase I, 38 callers were transferred to the consulting nurse with no nurse intervention. During phase II, 133 cases were transferred to the nurse line. There were no adverse outcomes detected. The nurse recommended home care for 31%, physi...
Development of a 100 nmol mol- 1 propane-in-air SRM for automobile-exhaust testing for new low-emission requirements

New US federal low-level automobile emission requirements, for example zero-level-emission vehicle (ZLEV), for hydrocarbons and other species, have resulted in the need by manufacturers for new certified reference materials. The new emission requirement for hydrocarbons requires the use, by automobile manufacturing testing facilities, of a 100 nmol mol−1 propane in air gas standard. Emission-measurement instruments are required, by federal law, to be calibrated with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable reference materials. Because a NIST standard reference material (SRM) containing 100 nmol mol−1 propane was not available, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Automobile Industry/Government Emissions Research Consortium (AIGER) requested that NIST develop such an SRM. A cylinder lot of 30 gas mixtures containing 100 nmol mol−1 propane in air was prepared in 6-L aluminium gas cylinders by a specialty gas company and delivered to the Gas Metrology Group at NIST. Another mixture, contained in a 30-L aluminium cylinder and included in the lot, was used as a lot standard (LS). Using gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection all 30 samples were compared to the LS to obtain the average of six peak-area ratios to the LS for each sample with standard deviations of <0.31%. The average sample-to-LS ratio determinations resulted in a range of 0.9828 to 0.9888, a spread of 0.0060, which corresponds to a relative standard deviation of 0.15% of the average for all 30 samples. NIST developed its first set of five propane in air primary gravimetric standards covering a concentration range 91 to 103 nmol mol−1 with relative uncertainties of 0.15%. This new suite of propane gravimetric standards was used to analyze and assign a concentration value to the SRM LS. On the basis of these data each SRM sample was individually certified, furnishing the desired relative expanded uncertainty of ±0.5%. Because automobile companies use total hydrocarbons to make their measurements, it was also vital to assign a methane concentration to the SRM samples. Some of the SRM samples were analyzed and found to contain 1.2 nmol mol−1 methane. Twenty-five of the samples were certified and released as SRM 2765.
Difference in species specificity of TSH receptor antibodies in Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

TSH receptor antibodies have been detected in the sera of patients with Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Since non-human thyroid tissue fractions or cells are used in the majority of assays, the species specificity of TSH receptor antibodies in GD or HT could be important. The species specificity was evaluated by means of an immunoprecipitation assay (IPA) using Triton X-100 solubilized TSH receptors prepared from human, porcine and rat thyroid as well as guinea pig fat cells (GPFC). In each assay the majority (4 or 5) of the 6 patients with GD were IPA-positive. In contrast, 9 out of 11 patients (82%) with HT had a positive human and rat IPA, while only 3 out of 11 (27% p < 0.05) sera were positive in the porcine and GPFC assays. Conclusions: no species specificity of TSH receptor antibodies was detected for patients with GD; a selective species specificity for human and rat TSH receptors was found for HT sera. This suggests that TSH receptor antibodies in HT either recognize different determinants on the receptor than the antibodies in GD or are of lower affinity. Furthermore, the use of porcine thyroid tissue or GPFC may lead to an underestimation of the presence and level of TSH receptor antibodies in patients with HT.
Position CAD Data Integration for Improved Construction Control

Highway construction techniques have seen a limited number of changes since the 1950s. The primary changes have been in productivity improvements such as hydraulic controls, and drivetrain components have slowly evolved. A major change in highway construction techniques could occur if current equipment could provide data about position and orientation within the design environment. This paper presents some changes in the highway construction field that could occur with the integration of real-time positioning data and computer-aided design (CAD) data. Current research at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va., in the area of positioning-CAD integration is presented. The research uses frequency-hopping radio waves transmitted from points in space, and through phase-measurement techniques obtains position information. The current research has potential accuracy limits of ±\N500 mm. Given this accuracy, some potential applications are presented given the positioning-CAD integration.
Altered norepinephrine synthesis of splanchnic vessels in neurogenic hypertension.

Abstract Sino-aortic denervation (SAD) in the rabbit produced neurogenic hypertension which at first was characterized by induced cardiac output and later by increased peripheral vascular resistnace. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity and catecholamine concentration of proximal mesenteric artery were greater than those of distal mesenteric ‘vessels’ in normal rabbits. 1 hr after SAD, NE synthesis, the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase assayed in vitro, was increased in proximal mesenteric artery and decreased in distal mesenteric ‘vessels’ . 11 and 30 days after SAD, NE synthesis in vivo and the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase assayed in vitro was increased in distal mesenteric ‘vessels’ and decreased in proximal mesenteric artery. Sympatho-adrenal regulation of increased splanchnic vascular resistance is concluded to be an important factor in the initiation and maintenance of neurogenic hypertension in the rabbit.
Mass hierarchy resolution in reactor anti-neutrino experiments: Parameter degeneracies and detector energy response

Determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy using a reactor neutrino experiment at ∼60 km is analyzed. Such a measurement is challenging due to the finite detector resolution, the absolute energy scale calibration, and the degeneracies caused by current experimental uncertainty of |Δm_(32)^2|. The standard χ^2 method is compared with a proposed Fourier transformation method. In addition, we show that for such a measurement to succeed, one must understand the nonlinearity of the detector energy scale at the level of a few tenths of percent.
Multi-level lattice Boltzmann model on square lattice for compressible flows

Abstract A compressible lattice Boltzmann model is established on a square lattice. The model allows large variations in the mean velocity by introducing a large particle-velocity set. To maintain tractability, the support set of the equilibrium distribution is chosen to include only four directions and three particle-velocity levels in which the third level is introduced to improve the stability of the model. This simple structure of the equilibrium distribution makes the model efficient for the simulation of flows over a wide range of Mach numbers and gives it the capability of capturing shock jumps. Unlike the standard lattice Boltzmann model, the formulation eliminated the fourth-order velocity tensors, which were the source of concerns over the homogeneity of square lattices. A modified collision invariant eliminates the second-order discretization error of the fluctuation velocity in the macroscopic conservation equation from which the Navier–Stokes equation and energy equation are recovered. The model is suitable for both viscous and inviscid compressible flows with or without shocks. Two-dimensional shock-wave propagations and boundary layer flows were successfully simulated. The model can be easily extended to three-dimensional cubic lattices.
Peristance of bacteria in the presence of viable, nonencysting, bacterivorous ciliates

Laboratory studies of the interactions between a bacterial population and a population of bacterivorous ciliates consistently show that the bacteria are able to persist in the presence of viable ciliates. Reproduction of the bacteria, presumably at the expense of substrates produced by death and lysis of the ciliates and/or by their metabolic activity, has been suggested to be a factor involved in the observed bacterial persistence. Rates and extents of growth ofEscherichia coli in broths of mixed cultures of this bacterium and the ciliateTetrahymena pyriformis were determined in order to provide some data necessary to assess the importance of the suggested factor. In addition, an attempt was made to suppress bacterial growth on produced substrates so that feeding of the ciliates could be studied free of this complication. However, the procedure tested—addition of the antibiotic chloramphenicol (CM) at a concentration of 150μg/ml—led to other complications that made it impossible to obtain the desired information about feeding.
Association genetics of oleoresin flow in loblolly pine: discovering genes and predicting phenotype for improved resistance to bark beetles and bioenergy potential

Summary Rapidly enhancing oleoresin production in conifer stems through genomic selection and genetic engineering may increase resistance to bark beetles and terpenoid yield for liquid biofuels. We integrated association genetic and genomic prediction analyses of oleoresin flow (g 24 h−1) using 4854 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in expressed genes within a pedigreed population of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) that was clonally replicated at three sites in the southeastern United States. Additive genetic variation in oleoresin flow (h2 ≈ 0.12–0.30) was strongly correlated between years in which precipitation varied (ra ≈ 0.95), while the genetic correlation between sites declined from 0.8 to 0.37 with increasing differences in soil and climate among sites. A total of 231 SNPs were significantly associated with oleoresin flow, of which 81% were specific to individual sites. SNPs in sequences similar to ethylene signaling proteins, ABC transporters, and diterpenoid hydroxylases were associated with oleoresin flow across sites. Despite this complex genetic architecture, we developed a genomic prediction model to accelerate breeding for enhanced oleoresin flow that is robust to environmental variation. Results imply that breeding could increase oleoresin flow 1.5- to 2.4-fold in one generation.
Application of a community needs assessment survey to decategorization of child welfare services

Decategorization is a process of restructuring funding sources and services to encourage interagency collaboration, out-of-home placement prevention, and innovative programming driven by needs of families as opposed to bureaucratic contingencies. In this study a community needs assessment survey was used as one of the first steps in decategorization program planning. The survey assessed the most serious problems, the priorities for tax dollar support, and the service needs in a county beginning decategorization of child welfare services. Methods, results, and implications are discussed and compared to other types of data available about needs of the residents of the county as a model for other communities that may be undertaking decategorization projects or other large-scale planning efforts.
Radiative Correction to K(l3) Decay

We study the radiative corrections to ${K}_{l3}$ decay, assuming that the strong interactions introduce a natural cutoff for the electromagnetic interactions of the hadrons. We take the strong interactions into account by the electromagnetic form factors of the hadrons, for which we assume the vector-meson-dominance model. The radiative corrections are found to be large for some energy configurations, but the correction to the ${K}_{e3}$ decay rate is about -2%. This is larger than the -0.45% value previously estimated by Ginsberg. The correction to the ${K}_{\ensuremath{\mu}3}$ decay rate is about -0.4%, and the correction to the polarization of the muon is about -1%.
The importance of sulfur and iron in the retina as determined by paramagnetic resonance studies.

Eine neue Theorie uber Photorezeption wird vorgeschlagen. Mittels EPR-Untersuchungen wird gezeigt, dass die in der Retina vorkommenden Elemente Schwefel und Eisen eine wichtige Rolle im Photorezeptionsprozess spielen. Fur die Nervenerregung scheinen Ladungsleitungen und nicht intermolekulare Energieleitungen verantwortlich zu sein.
Observer-based body-frame hovering control over a tumbling asteroid

Abstract Observer-based hovering control over a tumbling asteroid in the body-fixed frame is studied. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to process range measurements from a small collection of ground stations, yielding estimates of the spacecraft state vector and the gravitational parameters of the asteroid assuming a second degree and order gravity field model. The estimated states are used in the optimal feedback control algorithm which consists of two alternatives: time-varying LQR or the Lyapunov–Floquet transformation (LFT) and time-invariant LQR. The closed-loop response of the system and the control effort required are investigated and compared for both control strategies.
Possible dosage effect of maternally expressed genes on visual recognition memory in Prader-Willi syndrome

Seventeen patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (7 with paternal deletion of chromosome 15q11-q13 and 10 with maternal uniparental disomy [UPD]), and 9 controls performed a computerized visual recognition task. A series of color digital photographs were presented; most were presented twice, but the remainder appeared only once. Photographs presented twice were separated in their presentation by either 0, 10, 30, 50 or 100 intervening photographs. Subjects indicated whether each photograph had been presented previously. This procedure was implemented twice, once using photographs of foods, and once using photographs of nonfood objects. As the number of intervening photographs between the first and second presentation increased, subjects were less likely to remember having seen the photograph before. Performance by UPD subjects was less affected by increasing the number of intervening photographs relative to the other two groups, suggesting they had superior visual recognition memory. This raises the possibility of a beneficial effect of having two copies maternally expressed genes on chromosome 15. UBE3A is suggested as a possible candidate for this effect.
Ionic liquids as novel solvents for ionic polymer transducers

The use of ionic liquids as solvents for ionic polymer (specifically, Nafion) transducers is demonstrated. Ionic liquids are attractive for this application because of their high inherent stability. Ionic liquids are salts that exist as liquids at room temperature and have no measureable vapor pressure. Therefore, the use of ionic liquids as solvents for ionic polymer transducers can eliminate the traditional problem of water evaporation in these devices. Another benefit of the use of ionic liquids in this way is the reduction or elimination of the characteristic back-relaxation common in water-solvated ionic polymer actuators. The results demonstrate that the viscosity of the ionic liquid and the degree to which the ionic liquid swells the membrane are the important physical parameters to consider. Five ionic liquids were studied, based on substituted pyrrolidinium, phosphonium, or imidazolium cations and fluoroanions. Of these five ionic liquids, transduction is demonstrated in three of them and the best results are obtained with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ionic liquid. This substance has an electrochemical stability window of 4.1 V, a melting point of -10 °C, and a viscosity of 35-45 cP [19]. Results demonstrate that platinum-plated Nafion transducers solvated with this ionic liquid exhibit sensing and actuation responses and that these transducers are stable in air. Endurance testing of this sample reveals a decrease in the free strain of only 25 % after 250,000 actuation cycles in air.
Architecture and Assembly of Chemoreceptor Arrays as seen by Electron Cryotomography

Most motile bacteria as well as many archaea sense and respond to their environment through arrays of chemoreceptors. While X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy and other high-resolution structural methods have produced atomic models of components and sub-complexes of these arrays, we have used electron cryotomography to visualize their basic architecture in their native state within intact cells and reconstituted in vitro systems to ∼2 nm resolution, revealing principles of array structure and assembly.
ASARM peptides: PHEX-dependent and -independent regulation of serum phosphate.

Increased acidic serine aspartate-rich MEPE-associated motif (ASARM) peptides cause mineralization defects in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets mice (HYP) and “directly” inhibit renal phosphate upt...
Eigenvalues of the Orr-Sommerfeld equation in an unbounded domain

On montre que dans l'espace (L 2 (0,00)) 4 l'equation generalisee d'Orr-Sommerfeld n'a qu'un nombre fini de valeurs propres lorsque l'ecoulement moyen tend exponentiellement vers une constante
Meteorological conditions and anomalies during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America

[1] Meteorological conditions are described during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America (INTEX-NA) that was conducted over the United States during July and August 2004. Relatively zonal flow dominated the contiguous United States during the first 2 weeks of the mission, while a series of large amplitude troughs traversed the eastern half of the country during the final 4 weeks. These troughs were accompanied by cold fronts reaching the Gulf of Mexico, an uncommon occurrence during August. Frontal passages over the northeast were somewhat above average, but the short time interval between passages precluded the formation of stagnant high-pressure centers containing abundant pollution. Atmospheric chemistry during INTEX-NA was heavily influenced by record-breaking fires over Alaska and western Canada. Persistent high pressure over Alaska provided ideal conditions for the wildfires and for transporting their burning by-products southeastward toward the INTEX domain where they were sampled frequently by INTEX aircraft. Forward trajectories and satellite imagery showed that the plumes later were carried to parts of Europe, Africa, and even the Arctic. Deep convection and lightning were important factors during INTEX-NA. Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning data show that horizontal patterns and numbers of lightning flashes during INTEX-NA are similar to those of 2003 and 2005. Statistics derived from 10 day backward trajectories indicate that the DC-8 often sampled lightning influenced air.
Total positivity in Schubert varieties

We extend the results of [2] on totally positive matrices to totally positive elements in arbitrary semisimple groups.
Vaccines make good immune theater : Immunization as described in a three-act play

The immune response evolved to provide protection against infectious diseases. Optimal development of a protective immune response by a vaccine should mimic the steps and processes elicited during the establishment of natural immunity. Microbial infection triggers innate responses to the infection, which progresses through a series of stages consistent with the development of the action in a drama. The action is mediated by defined cellular characters whose costumes are described in CD#s with a molecular text consisting of cytokines, chemokines, antibodies, and other proteins. The main characters for initiating this drama are the dendritic cell (DC) and the T cell. Optimal activation of the DC by infection or immunization promotes the development of a more effective immune response. Newer approaches mimic or manipulate the stageplay that Mother Nature developed to promote proper DC presentation of antigen to T cells to initiate immune protection from microbial infection. This review will provide an overview of the immune response and introduce some basic and new concepts of vaccine development.
The effect of organic matter and oxygen on the degradation of bacterial membrane lipids in marine sediments

Abstract The biodegradation of purified radiolabelled membrane lipids from a methanogenic bacterium and a pseudomonad were investigated in mangrove, beach and high marsh marine sediments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The effect of organic matter on the amount and rate of degradation was also examined by supplementing beach sediments with humic acids. In aerobic sediments, CO2 was the major product of lipid degradation while under anaerobic conditions both CO2 and CH4 were major end products and the overall rates were reduced (up to 40%) relative to aerobic conditions. Total bacterial numbers increased during all incubations with the largest increases occurring in anaerobic sediments supplemented with humic acids. No lipid degradation occurred in aerobic or anaerobic sediments treated with formaldehyde or autoclaving. In low organic beach sediments, the ester-linked phospholipid of the pseudomonad was degraded much more rapidly than the diphytanyl glycerol diether of the methanogen with 69% of the phospholipid degraded in 96 hours versus only 4% of the methanogen lipid. Lipid degradation in both aerobic and anaerobic sediments was highly correlated to organic matter content with increasing amounts of organic matter inhibiting degradation. Long incubations (75 days) of the diphytanyl glycerol ether resulted in 51% degraded to CO2 in low (0.5%) organic mangrove sediments while only 9% was mineralized in high (10.8%) organic marsh sediments. Physicochemical sorption of membrane lipids to the organic matrix is proposed as a mechanism which protects membrane lipids from microbial attack and degradation.