cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Four new species of Haplostoma (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Ascidicolidae) living in compound ascidians from Madagascar

Abstract Four new species of the genus Haplostoma (Haplostomatinae) are described on the basis of females living in compound ascidians from Madagascar. These copepods and ascidian hosts are as follows: 1) Haplostoma bispinosum, in Polyclinum ?macrophyllum Michaelsen; 2) H. elongatum, in P. diaphanum von Drasche; 3) H. madagascarensis, in P. ?insulsum Sluiter; and 4) H. junctum, in Eudistoma sp. In these copepods, the armature on the antenna and legs 1–4 exopods consists of bifurcate spines, representing the main primary diagnostic features of subgroup 2 of the genus. The four new species are distinguished from the three known species of subgroup 2 primarily by the armature formulas for legs 1–4 exopods and by the characters of the caudal rami. Haplostoma junctum, new species, is the only species of the genus whose caudal rami are medially fused. The diagnosis of subgroup 2 is revised on the basis of a comparative study of seven species (three previously known, four new).
Self-Organizing Control Logic for Oversaturated Arterials

Decentralized, actuated traffic signal control has many advantages, but it lacks mechanisms for coordinating with other signals along an arterial. When an intersection along an arterial is near or at oversaturation, coordination can play an important role in preserving and utilizing capacity by preventing spillback and starvation. Rules that can be added to a base of decentralized, clock-free actuated control are proposed for managing queues during periods of oversaturation. These rules are part of a larger framework for developing logic that will make arterial traffic signals self-organizing rather than organized around a common signal cycle. Features of the proposed logic include green truncation in case of intersection spillback, early green and double realization for left-turn phases prone to pocket spillback resulting from a limited turn-bay length, and dynamic coordination for groups of signals spaced too close together to hold a normal cycle's queue. With dynamic coordination, green waves are sched...
Contribution of Psychosis and Depression to Behavioral Disturbances in Geropsychiatric Inpatients With Dementia

BACKGROUND: Specific behavioral disturbances in dementia may be associated with underlying disorders such as the presence of psychosis and depression. The objective of this study was to examine the association of depression and psychosis with behavioral disturbances in geropsychiatric inpatients with dementia. METHODS: All admissions between October 1993 and May 1995 were reviewed to identify those patients admitted to the Houston Veterans Affairs Geropsychiatry Unit with a diagnosis of dementia; 208 patients were included in the study. Hierarchical regression models were constructed to explore the contribution of depressive and psychotic symptoms, and depression and psychosis diagnoses to Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) scores. RESULTS: Both depression and psychotic symptoms were significantly and positively correlated with behavioral disturbances. Psychotic symptoms were associated with aggressive behavioral symptoms, and depressive symptoms were associated with constant requests for help, complaining, and negativism. Dementia severity accounted for significant variance in CMAI scores and was positively associated with behavioral disturbance; though disorder symptoms accounted for more behavioral disturbance variance than did depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Both depressive and psychotic symptoms were associated with overall behavioral disturbances in patients with dementia. Psychotic symptoms and depressive symptoms were associated with different types of behavioral disturbances. Our findings support the contention that underlying depression or psychosis may partially account for different behavioral disturbances and that not all behavioral disturbances should be globally labeled "agitation." Future studies should address symptom-specific treatment of behaviorally disturbed patients. Language: en
Arbeitsstellungen und Arbeitsrollen in der Leitung von Unternehmung und Betrieb

Wir haben gesehen, das menschliche Faktoren das Funktionieren der formellen Organisation der Unternehmensleitung beeinflussen und das es zu unvorhergesehenen Spaltungen innerhalb der Leitungsorganisation kommt. Weit davon entfernt, ein gut integrierter Organismus zu sein, neigt der Industriebetrieb dazu, in eine Anzahl von Teilen oder Gruppierungen quasi-unabhangiger Natur zu zerfallen. Der Prozes, durch den eine grosere Organisation in kleinere Teile aufgeteilt wird, bezeichnen wir als Spaltung. Die Krafte, welche die Spaltung begunstigen, entstehen aus der Art der Organisation und aus den Motiven ihrer Trager; das gilt auch von den integrierenden Kraften. Wie in jeder anderen menschlichen Organisation besteht im Industriebetrieb ein Gleichgewicht der Krafte, das zur gleichen Zeit Arbeitsgruppen vereinigt und trennt. Die Prozesse der Integration und der Spaltung sind weder „gut“ noch „schlecht“. Es sind vielmehr naturliche Ablaufe, die zur Erreichung eines bestimmten Zieles verwendet werden konnen. Es ist Aufgabe der Verwaltung, diese Prozesse zu erkennen und im Gleichgewicht zu halten.
Architectural analysis and instruction-set optimization for design of network protocol processors

TCP/IP protocol processing latency has been an important issue in high-speed networks. In this paper, we present an architectural study of TCP/IP protocol. We port the TCP/IP protocol stack from the 4.4 FreeBSD to the SimpleScalar simulation environment. The architectural characteristics, such as instruction level parallelism and cache behavior, are studied through simulation. We also compare the characteristics of TCP/IP protocol to that of SPECint benchmark programs. It turns out that the former is quite different from the latter due to the unique processing structure. Furthermore, in order to improve the effectiveness of instruction cache, frequent instruction pairs are analyzed, and corresponding architectural optimizations are made to the instruction set architecture. The performance is evaluated in the simulator. We find that a 23% improvement can be achieved by taking advantage of the optimization. The instruction set optimizations proposed in this paper will be helpful for the design of new programmable protocol processors in future.
High-efficiency solution processable polymer photovoltaic cells by self-organization of polymer blends

Converting solar energy into electricity provides a much-needed solution to the energy crisis the world is facing today. Polymer solar cells have shown potential to harness solar energy in a cost-effective way. Significant efforts are underway to improve their efficiency to the level of practical applications. Here, we report highly efficient polymer solar cells based on a bulk heterojunction of polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) and methanofullerene. Controlling the active layer growth rate results in an increased hole mobility and balanced charge transport. Together with increased absorption in the active layer, this results in much-improved device performance, particularly in external quantum efficiency. The power-conversion efficiency of 4.4% achieved here is the highest published so far for polymer-based solar cells. The solution process involved ensures that the fabrication cost remains low and the processing is simple. The high efficiency achieved in this work brings these devices one step closer to commercialization.
Alignment issues of the SLC linac accelerating structure

The accelerating structure of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) is required to be aligned to 100-200 mu m RMS. Alignment at such a level will reduce transverse wakefield effects sufficiently so that only a small emittance enlargement of the beam is expected during acceleration to 50 GeV with up to 7*10/sup 10/ particles per bunch. The authors describe many aspects of the alignment including global alignment, local alignment, construction of the accelerating cavities, active controls of the structure alignment, external constraints, temperature and airflow effects, and alignment stability. >
Projects in Introductory Statistics Courses

Abstract Introductory statistics courses should incorporate unstructured projects where students themselves generate the problems they choose to study, gather their own data, analyze the information using suitable computer software, and communicate their findings in a report. This article describes my experience with projects in the context of a large lecture course where projects are carried out in groups. Special problems that arise with group projects are discussed. Several successful student projects are described.
Intrinsic feature pose measurement for awake animal SPECT imaging

New developments have been made in optical motion tracking for awake animal imaging that measures 3D position and orientation (pose) for a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging system. Ongoing SPECT imaging research has been directed towards head motion measurement for brain studies in awake, unrestrained mice. In contrast to previous results using external markers, this work extracts and tracks intrinsic features from multiple camera images and computes relative pose from the tracked features over time. Motion tracking thus far has been limited to measuring extrinsic features such as retro-reflective markers applied to the mouse's head. While this approach has been proven to be accurate, the additional animal handling required to attach the markers is undesirable. A significant improvement in the procedure is achieved by measuring the pose of the head without extrinsic markers using only the external surface appearance. This approach is currently being developed with initial results presented here. The intrinsic features measurement extracts discrete, sparse natural features from 2D images such as eyes, nose, mouth and other visible structures. Stereo correspondence between features for a camera pair is determined for calculation of 3D positions. These features are also tracked over time to provide continuity for surface model fitting. Experimental results from live images are presented.
EVALUATION OF THE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF FLUORINE DURING THE ELECTROPOLISHING OF NIOBIUM

Future accelerators, such as the envisioned international linear collider (ILC), require unprecedented cavity performance, which is strongly influenced by interior surface nano-smoothness. Electropolishing (EP) is the technique of choice being developed for high–field SRF cavities. Previous study has shown that the mechanism Nb electropolishing proceeds by formation and dissolution of a compact salt film under fluorine diffusion-limited mass transport control. We pursue an improved understanding of the microscopic conditions required for optimum surface finishing. The viscosity of the standard electrolyte has been measured using a commercial viscometer, and the diffusion coefficient of fluorine was measured at a variety of temperatures from 0oC to 50oC using an Nb rotating disk electrode. In addition, data indicate that electrode kinetics is becoming competitive with the mass transfer current limitation and increases dramatically with temperature. These findings are expected to guide the optimization of EP process parameters for achieving controlled, reproducible and uniform nano-smooth surface finishing for SRF cavities.
Cryogenic Probe Station for Use in Automated Microwave and Noise Figure Measurements

A cryogenic measurement system capable of performing on-wafer RF testing of semiconductor devices and circuits has been developed. This ?CryoProbe Station? can wafer probe devices and circuits at cryogenic temperatures, thus eliminating the need for wire bonds. The system operates under vacuum created by a sorption pump. It uses an open cycle cooling system that can be cooled with either liquid nitrogen or liquid helium. Presently, it can reach temperatures, as low as 80K and 37K for each of the coolants, respectively. The temperature can be raised using a heater and it is stabilized to within 0.2K by use of a temperature controller. The CryoProbe Station features a 1 by 2 inch stage that can hold large circuits and calibration standards simultaneously. The system is used with a Hewlett Packard 8510C Automatic Network Analyzer (ANA) to obtain S-parameter data over the frequency range 0.045-26.5 GHz. S-parameter data on HEMT (high electron mobility transistors) devices has been obtained with this station. With the use of DEEMBED software from NIST, detailed transmission line studies have been performed. Although the CryoProbe Station is designed for frequencies up to 26.5 GHz, useful transmission line data has been obtained for frequencies as high as 40 GHz. The CryoProbe station has also been used with the ATN noise figure measurement system to perform automatic, temperature dependent noise figure measurements.
Reduction of postprocedure microemboli following retrospective quality assessment and practice improvement measures for carotid angioplasty and stenting.

Objective We have previously demonstrated a 70% incidence of microemboli on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) following carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS). The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of microemboli in two distinct time periods when procedural modifications were implemented into a CAS program. Methods Following a retrospective quality review of our CAS cohort (n = 27) from November 2004 through April 2006 (period 1), we enrolled patients (n = 20) from May 2006 through February 2008 (period 2) undergoing CAS into a prospective cohort that included obtaining pre- and postprocedure DW-MRI exams. Procedural modifications during period 2 included the preferential use of closed-cell systems (60% vs 0% in period 1), early heparinization at the initiation of arterial access, and elimination of an arch angiogram. The hospital records of these 47 patients were reviewed; symptoms, comorbidities, lesion characteristics, periprocedural information, and postoperative outcomes were collected. The incidence and location of acute, postprocedural microemboli were determined using DW-MRIs. Results Twenty (74%) CAS patients from period 1 and seven (35%) patients from period 2 demonstrated acute microemboli on postprocedural DW-MRI ( P = .02). The mean number of microemboli in period 1 was 4.1 ± 5.3 vs 1.5 ± 2.7 during period 2 ( P = .04). Two of the 27 patients (7.4%) during period 1 experienced temporary neurologic changes that resolved within 36 hours. None of the patients during period 2 exhibited any neurologic changes. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and presenting symptoms were similar between the two groups except for smoking prevalence, female presence, and obesity (BMI > 30). Period 2 patients when compared with period 1 had more technically challenging anatomy with more calcified lesions (68% vs 27%), longer lesions (15.9 mm vs 8.2 mm), and higher incidence of ulceration (55% vs 27%) (all P Conclusion Despite successful performance of 47 consecutive CAS procedures without permanent neurologic sequelae, significant reductions in periprocedural embolic events as identified via DW-MRI lesions may be achieved through implementation of quality improvement measures identified through continuous outcome analysis. The long-term neurologic benefits associated with reduced subclinical neurologic events remains to be determined.
Differential Estimates of Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys Volans) Population Structure Based on Capture Method

It is commonly assumed that population estimates derived from trapping small mammals are accurate and unbiased or that estimates derived from different capture methods are comparable. We captured southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) using two methods to study their effect on red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) reproductive success. Southern flying squirrels were captured at and removed from 30 red-cockaded woodpecker cluster sites during March to July 1994 and 1995 using Sherman traps placed in a grid encompassing a red-cockaded woodpecker nest tree and by hand from red-cockaded woodpecker cavities. Totals of 195 (1994) and 190 (1995) red-cockaded woodpecker cavities were examined at least three times each year. Trappability of southern flying squirrels in Sherman traps was significantly greater in 1995 (1.18%; 22,384 trap nights) than in 1994 (0.42%; 20,384 trap nights), and capture rate of southern flying squirrels in cavities was significantly greater in 1994 (22.7%; 502 cavity inspections) than in 1995 (10.8%; 555 cavity inspections). However, more southern flying squirrels were captured per cavity inspection than per Sherman trap night in both years. Male southern flying squirrels were more likely to be captured from cavities than in Sherman traps in 1994, but not in 1995. Both male and female juveniles were more likely to be captured in cavities than in traps in both years. In 1994 males in reproductive condition were more likely to be captured in cavities than in traps and in 1995 we captured significantly more reproductive females in cavities than in traps. Our data suggest that population estimates based solely on one trapping method may not represent true population size or structure of southern flying squirrels.
Transporting Equipment for Grand Coulee Third Plant

Unusual problems encountered and solutions considered for transporting extremely heavy equipment for the Grand Coulee Third Power Plant are described. The power plant, ultimately to be the world's largest, is a major feature of the Bureau of Reclamation's Columbia Basin Project. Also mentioned is permanent handling equipment to lift and convey the 2000-ton rotors for the 600,000-kw generators, the 500-ton turbine runners, and other unusually large and heavy equipment components within the power plant. Railways can, by special routing and in special multiaxle cars, carry loads to 300 tons, provided clearance requirements can be met. Ovesrsize components will be transported on special trucks or by a combination of barges and special land equipment. An investigation was conducted by the Bureau to determine the adequacy of the bridge spanning the existing spillway to carry loads to 350 tons.
Synthesis of Strongly Scattering Structures

A nonlinear filtering technique for inverse scattering is applied to the structure synthesis problem. The method is used with data from known structures to modify their scattering characteristics.
Whorf, Benjamin Lee (1897–1941)

Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897–1941) advanced a theory of linguistic relativity in which he maintained that one's language substantially affected one's worldview. His ‘principle of linguistic relativity,’ as he referred to it, has often been identified as the Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis because Edward Sapir (1884–1939) inspired Whorf's development of the concept. In addition to his version of linguistic relativity, Whorf introduced the allophone that enhanced the study of phonology and he formulated covert grammatical categories, which explained the role of grammar in modeling reality. In his initiatives, Whorf drew upon his studies of the Hopi and Maya languages and cultures; asserted a close interrelationship among language, culture, and thought; integrated wisdom and esoteric traditions; challenged core tenets of Western science; and incorporated interdisciplinary research into linguistics. In critiquing many traditional linguistic and scientific assumptions of his era, Whorf's writings foreshadowed much current research in cultural studies, cognitive psychology, anthropological linguistics, and consciousness studies.
Are chromosomal instabilities induced by exposure of cultured normal human cells to low- or high-LET radiation?

Abstract Dugan, L. C. and Bedford, J. S. Are Chromosomal Instabilities Induced by Exposure of Cultured Normal Human Cells to Low- or High-LET Radiation? Radiat. Res. 159, 301–311 (2003). Radiation-induced genomic instability has been proposed as a very early, if not an initiating, step in radiation carcinogenesis. Numerous studies have established the occurrence of radiation-induced chromosomal instability in various cells of both human and rodent origin. In many of these studies, however, the cells were not “normal” initially, and in many cases they involved tumor-derived cell lines. The phenomenon clearly would be of even greater interest if it were shown to occur generally in cells that are normal at the outset, rather than cells that may have been “selected” because of a pre-existing susceptibility to induced instability. As a test of the generality of the phenomenon, we studied low-passage normal diploid human fibroblasts (AG1521A) to determine whether they are susceptible to the induction of chromos...
Schneiden und sonstige Vorgänge

Es sollen im folgenden die verschiedenen Anordnungen zum Schneiden des Eisens beschrieben werden. In der Werkstatt ist man bestrebt, das Schneiden der Stucke moglichst einzuschranken, da auser dem Schneiden noch der Transport zur Schere als Arbeitsvorgang hinzukommt.
Christian Asceticism and the Early School of Alexandria

This paper offers three considerations: a) the Jewish ascetical tradition in the life of Jesus and the primitive Gospel tradition; b) the Alexandrian system offered by Clement and Origen, which through developing monasticism did so much to set the tone of ascetical doctrine throughout the ancient Christian world; and c) what relation, if any, survived between Jesus and his great Alexandrian disciples in this matter, after the lapse of a century and a half. It is thus a study in continuity and discontinuity.
Intergenerational Action on a Global Scale Conference: A Recap

The Intergenerational Action on a Global Scale conference, held July 22–24, 2015, in Honolulu, Hawaii, attracted over 200 attendees from Hawaii, the mainland United States, and other nations in Asi...
Effects of smoking on pulmonary function and urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites among male adults in Guangzhou

Objective To investigate the effects of smoking on pulmonary function and urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon( PAH) metabolites among male adults in Guangzhou.Methods A systematic sampling method was employed to select male adults in Huangpu District and Zengcheng during July 2012. All subjects were aged 45 years and over,lived in the location more than half year,and interviewed with the questionnaire. Ten OH-PAHs in urine and pulmonary functions were tested.Covariance and multiple linear regression analyses were employed to test relationships between smoking,pulmonary functions and OH-PAH concentrations. Results A total of 142 male adults were recruited whose average age was( 61. 30 ± 9. 73) years. Ninety four of them were smokers( 66. 20%). The covariance analyses revealed that the FEV1/FVC( F = 6. 84),FEF25- 75( F =5.52) and MVV( F =4.54) were lower in smokers than those in none-smokers( P 0. 05 for all). Smokers had higher concentrations of urinary 1-OHNa( F = 10. 21),2-OHNa( F = 8. 74) and 2-+ 3-OHFlu( F = 4. 11) than none-smokers( P 0.05 or P 0.01). Furthermore,2-OHPhe( β =- 6.34),3-OHPhe( β =- 6.39),4-OHPhe( β =-5.44),and 1-OHP( β =- 5.03) had negative relationships with PEF( P 0.05 for all);2-OHNa had negative relationship with FEF25- 75( β =- 5.91,P 0.05); 1-OHNa( β =- 2.85) and2-OHNa( β =- 3. 11) had significantly negative relationships with MVV( P 0. 05 for all). Conclusion Smoking could reduce pulmonary functions of male adults in Guangzhou and increase their internal exposure to PAHs. The internal increase in PAHs was related to the declined pulmonary functions.
The Experience of Creating Community An Intrinsic Case Study of Four Midwestern Public School Choral Teachers

The purpose of this intrinsic case study was to explore four midwestern choral teachers’ experiences of creating and sustaining community within their public school choirs. Research questions included (1) how choral teachers describe their experiences of creating choral communities, (2) how the teacher–student relationship is experienced, and (3) what challenges get in the way of sustaining choral communities. Writings by Edith and Victor Turner, Martin Buber, and Nel Noddings were used as a theoretical lens. Participants were selected purposively and represented heterogeneous choral programs, different school sizes, and diverse population densities. Participants included one 8th-year middle school male choral teacher, two female high school choral teachers who had taught for more than 18 years each, and one male middle and high school choral teacher who had taught for 12 years. Cases were bounded by interviews, written and observational data, and artifacts. The data collection included 20 observations, 1...
Role of vagotomy in duodenal ulcer

Vagotomy is a dynamic, evolving therapeutic tool rather than the “simple” operation it is sometimes assumed to be. Postoperative ulcer recurrence remains a problem, and the development of a foolproof peroperative test for completeness of vagotomy will be welcome.
Targeting Intrinsic and Extrinsic Vulnerabilities for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder, clinically characterized by osteolytic lesions, immunodeficiency, and renal disease. Over the past decade, MM therapy is significantly improved by the introduction of novel therapeutics such as immunomodulatory agents (thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide), proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib), monoclonal antibodies (daratumumab and elotuzumab), histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (Panobinostat). The clinical success of these agents has clearly identified vulnerabilities intrinsic to the MM cell, as well as targets that emanate from the tumor microenvironment. Despite these significant improvements, MM remains incurable due to the development of drug resistance. This perspective will discuss more recent strategies which take advantage of multiple targets within the proteome recycling pathway, chromatin remodeling, and disruption of nuclear export. In addition, we will review the development of strategies designed to block opportunistic survival signaling that occurs between the MM cell and the tumor microenvironment including strategies for inhibiting myeloma-induced immune suppression. It has become clear that MM tumors continue to evolve on therapy leading to drug resistance. It will be important to understand the emerging drug resistant mechanisms and additional vulnerabilities that occur due to the development of clinical resistance. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 15-25, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human papillomavirus infection and neoplasia. Speculations for the future.

HPV DNA sequences are probably detected most easily by in situ hybridization tests in formalin-fixed tissues. Viral nonstructural (early) and structural (late) antigens should be detected in tissue sections when the appropriate reagents are developed. These antigens may be useful for therapy of existing HPV disease or prevention of disease by prophylactic vaccine. Host susceptibility and immune response to HPV infection have yet to be clearly defined.
Imaging of localized silver plasmon dynamics with sub-fs time and nano-meter spatial resolution

Images of local plasmons on a silver grating excited by 400-nm, 10-fs pulses are obtained with 50-as time and 50-nm spatial resolution. The technique is based on interferometric time-resolved two-photon photoemission and photoelectron emission microscopy.
A New Right-Wing Consensus? Attacks on SNAP and the Preservation of the Program

After the 2002 Farm Bill, conservative policy reform ideas such as block granting the food stamp and SNAP program continued to emerge as did new ideas including, most prominently, that of drug testing recipients. However, the 2014 Farm Bill contained only minor changes and SNAP enrollment expanded greatly in response to the Great Recession that began in December 2007. This chapter chronicles conservative policy ideas for reforming the SNAP program, including attempts to remove the program from the Farm Bill. Despite obstacles and opposition, the place of SNAP in the Farm Bill has so far allowed the program to continue without major changes.
SEPARABLE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Most of the laws of nature are stated in the form of differential equations. Perhaps the reason for this is that the most readily discernible facts of physical phenomena are most easily represented by a differential equation. A differential law of nature is usually guessed at by an investigator on the basis of preliminary observations. The confirmation of the guess comes from the agreement between observed data and the non-differential or integrated law. This chapter presents different approaches of solving differential equations and integrating both sides. It also presents certain applications of these equations to geometry.
A Method and Model for De-and Reconstructing Player-Game Interaction: The Case of the Arabic Simulation-Management Game Baalty

The potential of player-game interaction to facilitate L2 learning in stand-alone digital games has been established in many empirical investigations e.g. Miller & Hegelheimer, 2006; Hitosugi, Schmidt, & Hayashi, 2014; Sundqvist & Sylven, 2012; however, the fine-grained dynamics that comprise it are still largely underexplored. A potential reason for this gap is that, to date, there is a lack of refined methodologies for conceptualizing and analyzing the various processes that occur during gameplay between a learner-player and the game. The present study proposes an ecology-sensitive, multidimensional approach to de-and re-constructing player-game interaction dynamics through analysis of thick detail-rich play data from a variety of sources and levels: cognitive, virtual, and sociocultural. Using a model of player-game interaction detailing how activities interrelate and/or interact across different levels, it reconstructs player-game interaction as a holistic activity. To this end, it utilizes a variety of qualitative data sources that offer empirical information about different facets and dimensions of player-game interaction, including thinkaloud protocol, gaming journals, walkthroughs, and debriefing interviews. To illustrate the approach, this paper will apply it to interpretation of player-game interactions of one learner of Arabic as a foreign language in the Egyptian Arabic simulation-management game Baalty PPIC-Work, 2004. Findings include the observation that the L2 learner-player played their game in her L2 by decoding in-game discourses and using in-game semiotic resources. The paper will include discussion of theoretical background, research implications, and potential applications of this approach.
Comparison of leak pressures for single-layer simple continuous suture pattern for cystotomy closure using barbed and monofilament suture material in an ex vivo canine model.

Objective To compare leak pressures following simple continuous closure of cystotomy with barbed suture to an analogous monofilament suture, in an ex vivo canine model. Study design Ex vivo, simple randomized study. Animals or sample population Urinary bladders harvested from canine cadavers (n = 21). Methods Urinary bladders were harvested from cadavers immediately following euthanasia. A 3-cm cystotomy was made on ventral midline of the urinary bladder. Urinary bladders were randomly assigned a suture for closure. A digital pressure transducer was inserted through 1 ureter, and the other ligated, while colored isotonic saline was infused into the urinary bladder via a Foley catheter inserted in the urethra. The initial leak pressure was defined as the pressure at which the colored saline solution first leaked from the cystotomy, and the maximum leak pressure was recorded when the pressure reached a plateau or catastrophic failure occurred. A Welch's 2-sample t test was used to compare leak pressure between the barbed and non-barbed closures, with significance set at P < .05. Results There was no significant difference in the initial or maximum leak pressure between the barbed and non-barbed closures. Conclusions This study showed no difference in initial or maximum leak pressure between cystotomy closures with barbed or non-barbed suture under ex vivo conditions. This indicates barbed suture may be appropriate for cystotomy closure but in vivo studies are needed to support this finding.
Teaching Language and Culture with a Virtual Reality Game

Many people want to learn a language but find it difficult to stay engaged. Ideally, we would have language learning tools that can make language learning more enjoyable by simulating immersion in a foreign language environment. Therefore, we adapted Crystallize, a 3D video game for learning Japanese, so that it can be played in virtual reality with the Oculus Rift. Specifically, we explored whether we could leverage virtual reality technology to teach embodied cultural interaction, such as bowing in Japanese greetings. To evaluate the impact of our virtual reality game designs, we conducted a formative user study with 68 participants. We present results showing that the virtual reality design trained players how and when to bow, and that it increased participants' sense of involvement in Japanese culture. Our results suggest that virtual reality technology provides an opportunity to leverage culturally-relevant physical interaction, which can enhance the design of language learning technology and virtual reality games.
Virtual inclusion via telepresence robots in the classroom. (Extended Abstract)

The recent development of telepresence robots provides the opportunity for virtual inclusion to students who are not able to attend school due to medical conditions. Every year, large numbers of K-12 students are not able to attend class due to illness. Extended absence from the classroom has negative and overlapping educational, social, and medical consequences as students may fall behind in instruction, feel isolated from their peers, and experience difficulties in their recovery due to loneliness and depression. The recent development of telepresence robots provides a possible means for addressing this situation. Preliminary results from a local case study on the use of these robots in a public school system indicate that virtual inclusion may provide significant improvements in the educational, social, and healthcare experiences of this vulnerable population.
Engaging the Community to Promote Health

From the beginning of Oregon’s health system transformation journey, the goal was achieving health for all Oregonians. It is now generally accepted that, to achieve health, the health care system must engage with the community to address the social determinants of health. Oregon’s reformed health care delivery system was intentionally designed to promote cross-sectoral community engagement and partnership. Specifically, the entities that form Oregon’s Medicaid delivery system, Coordinated Care Organizations (CCOs), are required to connect with the community through Community Advisory Councils (CACs); have increased latitude to pay for community-based supports through the provision of health-related services; and are financially incentivized to engage with the community through outcome metrics. If all health care delivery systems in the United States modeled their design on these three components of Oregon’s model, the Triple Aim, and the achievement of health for all, it would be less of a vision and more of a reality.
MR Imaging for Prostate Cancer Screening and Active Surveillance

The current prostate cancer management paradigm has been criticized in recent years for contributing to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of the disease. Active surveillance is an avenue by which to reduce overtreatment, but patient selection and monitoring remain a challenge. The use of prostate MR imaging has been growing in recent years and has been incorporated into prostate cancer screening and patient selection and monitoring for active surveillance. This review article discusses the current evidence for the use of MR imaging in each of those settings.
Wideband Antenna Systems for Millimeter-Wave Amplitude-Only Direction Finding

Two-antenna systems for wideband amplitude-only direction finding (AODF) are demonstrated. Tapered slot antennas (TSAs) are integrated into two flush-mounted configurations to achieve desired performance over 18–45 GHz range. The first system is made of two TSA elements embedded inside an absorptive cavity. Fed by a 90° hybrid, this phased-array topology supports two squinted beams required for AODF. The second system is made of two identical TSA elements physically squinted off boresight to produce required beams without beamforming. This allows each TSA element to be embedded in a separate nonabsorptive and shaped cavity for much improved AODF including widened field of view, higher gain, better dynamic range, and eliminated sidelobes. The system implications for the use of the proposed antenna front ends in terms of bearing errors to amplitude imbalances and receiver noise are also discussed. The construction of both antenna systems is disclosed, and experimental results closely resembling and therefore verifying theory are obtained.
A machine learning approach to identifying different types of uncertainty

Abstract We implement natural language processing techniques to extract uncertainty measures from Federal Reserve Beige Books between 1970 and 2018. Business and economic related uncertainty is associated with future weakness in output, higher unemployment, and elevated term premia. On the other hand, political and government uncertainty, while high during recent times, has no statistically significant impact on the economy.
ADMISSIBILITY THEORY AND THE GLOBAL BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS OF FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the admissibility theory and the global behavior of solutions of functional equation. In a broad class of problems which occur naturally in the study of differential equations, functional differential equations and nonlinear processes with hereditary features, one is generally led to consider, by a standard line of reasoning, the global properties of solutions of a functional integral equation of the form where h is a type of functional transformation which is defined on some space of functions.
Friction Mechanisms and Modeling on the Macroscale

The desire to understand friction on a fundamental level arises because friction exists so widely in common experience and because controlling friction can improve the quality and safety of our lives, enable the advance of mechanical technology, and create jobs in industries like transportation, manufacturing, oil drilling, and power generation. The earliest philosophical explorations of friction originated from macroscopic observations, but as physical sciences and engineering matured, explanations began to center on events happening on much smaller size scales. Now, machines themselves are approaching the sizes of the conceptual building blocks of frictional behavior. This chapter reviews explanations of ‘macroscopic’ frictional phenomena that are based on mm- to μm-scaled objects and events. Finer-scale phenomena are described elsewhere in this book.
Stress and Brain Morphology

Stress alters many psychological and behavioral processes. In humans, neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that long-term exposure to stress can lead to structural changes in brain areas, which are important in cognitive and emotional functions. Animal studies have extended these observations to the cellular level, showing that neurons within discrete regions of the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala demonstrate significant morphological plasticity in response to chronic stress. Though stress-induced changes in brain and behavior are largely reversible, some effects may be permanent. Given the clear role of stress in psychological and behavioral dysfunctions, a greater understanding of the effects of stress on the brain is essential.
Simplified antibiotic regimens for neonatal sepsis--AFRINEST.

The AFRINEST report (May 2, p 1767) about simplifi ed antibiotic regimens for the treatment of neonates with serious bacterial infections is a commendable effort towards seeking a simple and cheap regimen for disease management in resource-limited settings. However, extrapolation of these results without contemporary aetiological data warrants caution for several reasons. First, while the regional spread of participant enrolment for this study is impressive, reports of multidrugresistant serious bacterial infections within these regions calls to question the appropriateness of the antimicrobial agents used in this study. Some aetiological data for a subset of these babies would have been informative. Second, the inclusion criteria in the study focused primarily on respiratory distress, and half of the babies were afebrile. Most of the children probably had self-limiting viral respiratory tract infections, which would have been responsive to just general supportive care. Third, the mortality reported from the cohort in each study group is impressively low. The intensity of surveillance, with about ten home visits during the first 2 months of life, probably contributed to the low mortality. This level of surveillance will be impossible to implement routinely. Fourth, the primary focus on serious bacterial infections in the newborn period, as with this approach, still missed the 196 babies that could not be reached by community health workers and died soon after delivery. Future studies will need to take a broad approach to determine the aetiological agents that are associated with stillbirths and early neonatal deaths to better inform appropriate and implementable preventive strategies, whether by vaccination or select antimicrobial drugs. SD is a principal or sub investigator of several studies with Cubist Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Optimer Pharmaceuticals, and the Medicines Company. SKO receives research grants from GlaxoSmithKline and Pfi zer.
Therapeutic citizens and clients: diverging healthcare practices in Malawi's prenatal clinics.

This article examines how HIV policies and the funding priorities of global institutions affect practices in prenatal clinics and the quality of healthcare women receive. Data consist of observations at health centres in Lilongwe, Malawi and interviews with providers (N = 37). I argue that neoliberal ideology, which structures the global health field, produces a fragmented healthcare system on the ground. Findings show two kinds of healthcare practices within the same clinic: donor-funded NGOs took on HIV services while government providers focused on prenatal care. NGO practices were defined by surveillance, where providers targeted pregnant HIV-positive women and intensively monitored their adherence to drug treatment. In contrast, state-led practices were defined by rationing. Government providers worked with all pregnant women, but with staff and resource shortages, they limited time and services for each patient in order to serve everyone. This paper builds on concepts of therapeutic citizenship and clientship by exploring how global health priorities produce different conditions, practices and outcomes of NGO and state-led care.
Repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of three computational methods to approximate the functional flexion-extension axis of the tibiofemoral joint using 3D bone models of the femur.

AbstractBackground: Closely approximating the functional flexion-extension (FE) axis of the tibiofemoral joint in 3D models of the femur is important when computing joint motions which are physiolo...
Multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms and association with 1-year mortality, readmission, and length of stay in Veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders.

Retrospective cohort study. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of multidrug resistant gram-negative organisms (MDRGNOs) on outcomes in those with SCI/D. VA SCI System of Care, Department of Veterans Affairs, United States. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as being non-susceptible to ≥1 antibiotic in ≥3 antibiotic classes. Multivariable cluster-adjusted regression models were fit to assess the association of MDRGNOs with 1-year mortality, 30-day readmission, and postculture length of stay (LOS) stratified by case setting patients. Only the first culture per patient during the study period was included. A total of 8,681 individuals with SCI/D had a culture with gram-negative bacteria during the study period, of which 33.0% had a MDRGNO. Overall, 954 (10.9%) died within 1 year of culture date. Poisson regression showed that MDR was associated with 1-year mortality among outpatients (IRR: 1.28, 95% CI, 1.06–1.54) and long-term care patients (OR: 2.06, 95% CI, 1.28–3.31). MDR significantly impacted postculture LOS in inpatients, as evidenced by a 10% longer LOS in MDR vs. non-MDR (IRR: 1.10, 95% CI, 1.02–1.19). MDR was not associated with increased 30-day readmission. MDRGNOs are prevalent in SCI/D and MDR may result in poor outcomes. Further attention to prevention of infections, antibiotic stewardship, and management are warranted in this population.
Short non-coding RNA sequencing of glioblastoma extracellular vesicles.

Like all nucleated cells, glioblastoma (GBM) cells shed small membrane-encapsulated particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs can transfer oncogenic components and promote tumor growth by transferring short non-coding RNAs, altering target cell gene expression. Furthermore, GBM-derived EVs can be detected in blood and have potential to serve as liquid biopsies. EVs were harvested from culture supernatants from human GBM cell lines, purified via sequential centrifugation, and quantified by nanoparticle tracking. RNA was isolated and short non-coding RNA was sequenced. Data was analyzed via the OASIS-2.0 platform using HG38. MirTarBase and MirDB interrogated validated/predicted miRNA-gene interactions respectively. Many short non-coding RNA’s were identified within GBM EV’s. In keeping with earlier reports utilizing GBM EV micro-RNA (miRNA) arrays, these included abundant micro-RNA’s including miR-21. However, RNA sequencing revealed a total of 712 non-coding RNA sequences most of which have not been associated with GBM EV’s previously. These included many RNA species (piRNA, snoRNA, snRNA, rRNA and yRNAs) in addition to miRNA’s. miR-21-5p, let-7b-5p, miR-3182, miR-4448, let-7i-5p constituted highest overall expression. Top genes targeted by non-coding RNA’s were highly conserved and specific for cell cycle, PI3K/Akt signaling, p53 and Glioma curated KEGG pathways. Next generation short non-coding RNA sequencing on GBM EV’s validates findings from earlier studies using miRNA arrays but also demonstrates expression of many additional non-coding RNA sequences and classes previously unassociated with GBM. This may yield important insights into pathophysiology, point to new therapeutic targets, and help develop new biomarkers for disease burden and treatment response.
Anterior Versus Posterior Decompression for Degenerative Thoracic Spine Diseases: A Comparison of Complications:

Study Design:Retrospective database.Objectives:Although posterior decompression is the most common approach for surgical treatment of degenerative thoracic spine disease, anterior approach is gaini...
Abstract 13426: The Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide Improves Cardiovascular Risk Protein Biomarkers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction: The dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide dose-dependently reduced HbA1c and body weight in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a Phase 2 trial. Hypothesis: In th...
Reply to Skousen and Aiuvalasit: On the Primacy of Archaeological Data

Skousen and Aiuvalasit critique our article on the post-Mississippian occupation of the Horseshoe Lake watershed (White et al. 2020) along two lines: (1) that our findings are not supported due to a lack of archaeological evidence, and (2) that we do not consider alternative hypotheses in explaining the lake's fecal stanol record. We first respond to the matter of fecal stanol deposition in Horseshoe Lake and then address the larger issue, the primacy of archaeological data in interpreting the past.