cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1 Facilitates Diabetic Wound Healing through Modulating microRNAs.

Diabetic skin ulcers represent a challenging clinical problem with mechanisms not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism for the primary unfolded protein response (UPR) transducer inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) in diabetic wound healing. Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells (BMPCs) were isolated from adult male type 2 diabetic and their littermate control mice. In diabetic BMPCs, IRE1α protein expression and phosphorylation were repressed. The impaired diabetic BMPC angiogenic function was rescued by adenovirus-mediated expression of IRE1α but not by the RNase-inactive IRE1α or the activated X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), the canonical IRE1α target. In fact, IRE1α RNase processes a subset of microRNAs (miRs), including miR-466 and miR-200 families, through which IRE1α plays an important role in maintaining BMPC function under the diabetic condition. IRE1α attenuated maturation of miR-466 and miR-200 family members at precursor miR levels through the regulated IRE1α-dependent decay (RIDD) independent of XBP1. IRE1α deficiency in diabetes resulted in a burst of functional miRs from miR-466 and miR-200 families, which directly target and repress the mRNA encoding the angiogenic factor angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1), leading to decreased ANGPT1 expression and disrupted angiogenesis. Importantly, cell therapies using IRE1α-expressing BMPCs or direct IRE1α gene transfer significantly accelerated cutaneous wound healing in diabetic mice through facilitating angiogenesis. In conclusion, our studies revealed a novel mechanistic basis for rescuing angiogenesis and tissue repair in diabetic wound treatments.
Abstract 38: Bayesian Meta-analysis of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Compared to Optimal Medical Therapy in Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease or Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background: The role of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in acute coronary syndromes is well established, but more controversial in stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD). We investigated the outcomes of Myocardial Infarction (MI) / death and all-cause mortality among published trials that compared PCI with optimal medical therapy (OMT). Methods: We retrieved all published papers that compared PCI with OMT in patients with SIHD or post-MI. Three clinician-researchers independently reviewed and abstracted a total of 110 articles meeting our inclusion criteria. 17 randomized controlled trials (RCT) published between 2000 and 2012 were analyzed by Bayesian random effects meta-analysis. Results: 21,256 patients were analyzed: 11,502 had PCI and 9,754 OMT. There was no difference between PCI and OMT for the combined outcome of MI/death across all trials (RR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.72-1.33, p = 0.98), although there was a trend for benefit with PCI all-cause mortality (RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.64-1.05, p = 0.48)....
Semi‐linear mode regression

Summary In this paper, I estimate the slope coefficient parameter β of the regression model Y=X′β+φ(V)+e, where the error term e satisfies Mode(e|X,V)=0 almost surely and ϕ is an unknown function. It is possible to achieve n−2/7-consistency for estimating β when ϕ is known up to a finite-dimensional parameter. I present a consistent and asymptotically normal estimator for β, which does not require prescribing a functional form for ϕ, let alone a parametrization. Furthermore, the rate of convergence in probability is equal to at least n−2/7, and approaches n−1/2 if a certain density is sufficiently differentiable around the origin. This method allows both heteroscedasticity and skewness of the distribution of e|X,V. Moreover, under suitable conditions, the proposed estimator exhibits an oracle property, namely the rate of convergence is identical to that when ϕ is known. A Monte Carlo study is conducted, and reveals the benefits of this estimator with fat-tailed and/or skewed data. Moreover, I apply the proposed estimator to measure the effect of primogeniture on economic achievement.
Formation of new vasa vasorum in vasculitis. Production of angiogenic cytokines by multinucleated giant cells.

Inflammation of the arterial wall in giant cell arteritis induces a series of structural changes, including the formation of new vasa vasorum. To study the regulation of neoangiogenesis in giant cell arteritis, temporal arteries were examined for the extent and localization of microvessel generation and for the production of angiogenic factors. In normal arteries, vasa vasorum were restricted to the adventitia, but in inflamed arteries, capillaries emerged in the media and the intima. These capillaries displayed a distinct topography with a circumferential arrangement in the external one-third of the intima. Neovascularization was closely correlated with the formation of lumen-obstructing intima, the fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina, and the presence of multinucleated giant cells. Comparison of tissue cytokine transcription in temporal arteries of giant cell arteritis patients with and without up-regulated neoangiogenesis identified interferon-γ and vascular endothelial growth factor but not fibroblast growth factor-2 as mediators associated with vasa vasorum proliferation. Giant cells and CD68-positive macrophages at the media-intima junction were found to be the major cellular sources of vascular endothelial growth factor. These data demonstrate that formation of new vasa vasorum in vasculitis is regulated by inflammatory cells and not by arterial wall cells, raising the possibility that it represents a primary disease mechanism and not a secondary hypoxia-induced event. Increased neovascularization in interferon-γ-rich arteries suggests that the formation of new vasa vasorum is determined by the nature of the immune response in the arterial wall, possibly resulting from the generation and functional activity of multinucleated giant cells.
Determining Functional Form and Lag Structure

The techniques of parameter estimation and model testing set forth in chapter 3 can be used only when the market response model is fully specified. In a number of cases, however, full model specification is not possible without some preliminary data searches, in particular the search for a functional form and the specification of lag structures. In chapter 2, we referred to such cases as level 1 prior knowledge. In other words, we start from a situation where the causal ordering of a model is known but not its functional form or lag structure.
A Game of Advertising Strategy

Abstract Many-player differential games on the infinite time interval may exhibit a wide variety of Nash equilibrium solutions. This phenomenon is illustrated in a particular example (of interest for its own sake) concerning advertising policy.
A novel role for osteopontin in macrophage-mediated amyloid-β clearance in Alzheimer’s models

Osteopontin (OPN), a matricellular immunomodulatory cytokine highly expressed by myelomonocytic cells, is known to regulate immune cell migration, communication, and response to brain injury. Enhanced cerebral recruitment of monocytes achieved through glatiramer acetate (GA) immunization or peripheral blood enrichment with bone marrow (BM)-derived CD115+ monocytes (MoBM) curbs amyloid β-protein (Aβ) neuropathology and preserves cognitive function in murine models of Alzheimer's disease (ADtg mice). To elucidate the beneficial mechanisms of these immunomodulatory approaches in AD, we focused on the potential role of OPN in macrophage-mediated Aβ clearance. Here, we found extensive OPN upregulation along with reduction of vascular and parenchymal Aβ burden in cortices and hippocampi of GA-immunized ADtg mice. Treatment combining GA with blood-grafted MoBM further increased OPN levels surrounding residual Aβ plaques. In brains from AD patients and ADtg mice, OPN was also elevated and predominantly expressed by infiltrating GFP+- or Iba1+-CD45high monocyte-derived macrophages engulfing Aβ plaques. Following GA immunization, we detected a significant increase in a subpopulation of inflammatory blood monocytes (CD115+CD11b+Ly6Chigh) expressing OPN, and subsequently, an elevated population of OPN-expressing CD11b+Ly6C+CD45high monocyte/macrophages in the brains of these ADtg mice. Correlogram analyses indicate a strong linear correlation between cerebral OPN levels and macrophage infiltration, as well as a tight inverse relation between OPN and Aβ-plaque burden. In vitro studies corroborate in vivo findings by showing that GA directly upregulates OPN expression in BM-derived macrophages (MФBM). Further, OPN promotes a phenotypic shift that is highly phagocytic (increased uptake of Aβ fibrils and surface scavenger receptors) and anti-inflammatory (altered cell morphology, reduced iNOS, and elevated IL-10 and Aβ-degrading enzyme MMP-9). Inhibition of OPN expression in MФBM, either by siRNA, knockout (KOOPN), or minocycline, impairs uptake of Aβ fibrils and hinders GA's neuroprotective effects on macrophage immunological profile. Addition of human recombinant OPN reverses the impaired Aβ phagocytosis in KOOPN-MФBM. This study demonstrates that OPN has an essential role in modulating macrophage immunological profile and their ability to resist pathogenic forms of Aβ.
Lateral Patellofemoral Ligament: An Anatomic Study

Background:Medial instability of the patellofemoral joint is a rare but known phenomenon that may result from an incompetent lateral patellofemoral ligament (LPFL). Surgical reconstruction of the LPFL has been described. However, anatomic details of the ligament have not been the subject of scrutiny.Purpose:To describe the anatomic origin and insertion of the LPFL.Study Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Methods:Ten fresh-frozen, unpaired human cadaveric knees (mean age, 57 years) were dissected to identify the LPFL. The dissection was carried out by elevating the iliotibial band to expose the deep capsular layer of the knee joint, followed by a medial parapatellar approach to the knee. Then the quadriceps and patellar tendons were sectioned, and the LPFL was isolated by visualization and palpation. The LPFL was dissected to reveal its origin and insertion; these were measured with respect to the lateral epicondyle and the superior-inferior axis of the lateral patella, respectively.Results:On average, th...
A Paradox of Secessionism: The Political Economy of Slave Enforcement and the Union

Drawing upon insights from public choice political economy and an examination of historical records, this paper posits an explanation for the causes of secession by the original seven members of the Confederacy in 1860–1861. Secession is examined as a Hirschman exit, intended primarily to shore up and secure the waning federal subsidies and enforcement expenditures that had been afforded to plantation slavery in previous decades. Fears over the impending decline of these subsidies and protections explain the decision to withdraw from the Union, even though slavery itself was, legally, “much more secure in the Union than out of it,” to quote Confederate Vice President Alexander H. Stephens. The premises of secession are most evident in southern declarations complaining of the non-enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act, the instigation of slave insurrections, and the decline of southern political clout. These emphases suggest the perceived threat to slavery was more readily realized in its legal enforcement than in the oft-emphasized territorial question.
Risk Terrain Modeling and Socio-Economic Stratification: Identifying Risky Places for Violent Crime Victimization in Bogotá, Colombia

This research focused on the effect of the built environment on Bogota’s violent crime by using the Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) technique. The current study used 17 ecological variables, including micro-level data on the spatial distribution of socio-economic strata, and the location of an array of businesses and other features of the landscape. As suggested by the results of this study, the spatial distribution of violent crime in Bogota is highly correlated with the allocation of socio-economic strata throughout its geography. A statistically valid RTM analysis identified the micro-level risk factors associated with three types of violent crime incidents, namely homicide, assault, and theft incidents. These results suggest that future violent crime incidents are more likely to occur at a reduced number of high-risk micro-places. Moreover, while homicide and assault incidents were more likely to cluster within the poorest areas of the city, theft incidents presented a higher risk of victimization near the city center, where economic activity and suitable targets concentrate. This study offers a unique account regarding the effect of socio-economic segregation on violent crime victimization across Bogota’s geography and within different socio-economic strata classifications.
Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging in Robotic Partial Nephrectomy

The surgical robot often serves as a platform for new technology. One such technology currently in its early infancy is near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF). When utilized along with specialized fluorescent contrast agents, NIRF imaging offers unique anatomic and functional information not otherwise available. In this chapter we will review the concept of NIRF imaging as it applies to robotic renal surgery. We will also examine the early outcomes of its use as well as explore its potential future applications.
Teaching strategies for presenting ethical dilemmas

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on Ethical issues in primary and secondary schooling. To discuss usefully problems of world food supply children have to know that all food derives from plants, that certain conditions are necessary for plant growth and that these conditions do not exist everywhere in the world. Modern science educators, knowledgeable about learning styles, have come to be critical of this approach. Nevertheless, we should acknowledge that it is sometimes appropriate. Science still has an organized body of knowledge at its roots, as well as a mechanism for obtaining new knowledge. Television often has programming that provides useful information and perspectives on food-ethical issues. The conduct of debates can be a powerful educational strategy for science teachers to use in exploring ethical issues. The teacher of language can help students develop the logical structure of arguments and hone oral presentation skills. The teacher of social studies can provide a global perspective on economic, political, and cultural issues.
Evaluation of IR Applications with Constrained Real Estate

Traditional IR applications assume that there is always enough space "real estate" available to display as many results as the system returns. Consequently, traditional evaluation metrics were typically designed to take a length cutoff k of the result list as a parameter. For example, one computes DCG@k, Prec@k, etc., based on the top-k results in the ranking list. However, there are important modern ranking applications where the result real estate is constrained to a small fixed space, such as the search verticals aggregated in the Web search results and the recommendation systems. For such applications, the following tradeoff arises: given a fixed amount of real estate, shall we show a small number of results with rich captions and details, or a larger number of results with less informative captions? In other words, there is a tradeoff between the length of the result list i.e., quantity and the informativeness of the results i.e., quality. This tradeoff has important implications for evaluation metrics, since it leads the length cutoff k hard to be determined a priori. In order to tackle this problem, we propose two desirable formal constraints to capture the heuristics of regulating the quantity-quality tradeoff, inspired by the axiomatic approach to IR. We then present a general method to normalize the well-known Discounted Cumulative Gain DCG metric for balancing the quantity-quality tradeoff, yielding a new metric, that we call Length-adjusted Discounted Cumulative Gain LDCG. LDCG is shown to be able to automatically balance the length and the informativeness of a ranking list without requiring an explicit parameter k, while still preserving the good properties of DCG.
Transient Acoustic Scattering in Dispersive Soft Tissue

A number of equations that have been used recently to describe pulse propagation and scattering in soft tissue can be solved numerically using a recently developed spectral approach. An example of transient scattering is presented for a simple system consisting of a two-dimensional curved line radiator and a circular absorbing region with frequency dependent attenuation.
Implicit Bias Illustrated by Attending-to-Attending Bias and Attending-to-Patient Bias

Respect for colleagues is essential to professionalism and the delivery of excellent patient care. Stereotypes of persons who are incarcerated can serve as barriers to quality health care.
Narrating the intersection: body, time, space and transition in one queer life

This article examines the situated language practices of Susana, a trans woman originally from Mexico who has lived in the US Southwest for over two decades, during a 90-minute, in-depth sociolinguistic interview. The aim of this analysis is to examine the interconnectedness of coming out, migration, physical transformation (hormones, gender confirmation surgery), and ageing, with a particular focus on the indexing of time, space and transition. Methodologically, the qualitative analysis relies the concept of 'thicker intersectionalities' and employs a sociolinguistic approach to narrative analysis. Specifically, the analysis seeks to address how the concepts of the body, time, space, and transition are brought along into the narrative or brought about in the narrative, how these concepts are made relevant to a range of contexts (story-world, interview setting, beyond), how this works to make intersectionality visible, and how this visible intersectionality undermines dominant understandings of trans bodies, transition, and migration.
Stratified risk of high-grade cervical disease using onclarity HPV extended genotyping in women, ≥25 years of age, with NILM cytology.

Abstract Objectives Increasing evidence suggests that extended human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping (beyond 16/18) is effective for risk stratification in women with normal cytology. This report provides extended genotyping results, using the BD Onclarity HPV Assay, for individual genotypes HPV16, 18, 31, 45, 51, and 52 and three pooled genotype results for HPV33/58, 35/39/68, and 56/59/66. Methods 27,037 women with normal cytology, ≥25 years, were enrolled into the Onclarity HPV trial during routine screening. Women positive for any HPV genotype were referred to colposcopy/biopsy. Hierarchical-ranked prevalence and risk values, associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2 or worse (≥CIN2) or ≥CIN3, were calculated based on extended genotyping results. Results HPV 16 and 31 carried the highest risk for ≥CIN2 (11.6% and 12.1%, respectively) and ≥CIN3 (8.1% and 7.5%, respectively); these genotypes were the most prevalent in both ≥CIN2 (29.6% and 19.3%, respectively) and ≥CIN3 (43.7% and 22.5%, respectively). Of the other 12 genotypes, HPV 18, 33/58, and 52 comprised an intermediate risk band (≥CIN2 risk range: 4.9–6.8%; ≥CIN3 risk range: 3.9–5.0%). Genotypes 45, 51, 35/39/68, and 56/59/66 constituted the lowest risk band for both disease grades (≥CIN2 value risk range: 1.7–3.0%; ≥CIN3 value risk range: 1.2–3.6%). Conclusions Extended genotyping stratifies risk for ≥CIN2/3 in the ≥25 year-old, normal cytology population. While baseline HPV 16/31 values exceeded the risk threshold for colposcopy referral, the management of women with normal cytology who were positive for the intermediate- or lower-risk genotypes may evolve based on refined risk estimates as well as clinical factors.
Trends in the Orthopaedic Surgery Fellowship Match 2013 to 2017

Introduction This study describes trends in the postgraduate orthopaedic surgery fellowship match from 2013 to 2017. Methods We determined the numbers of applicants and positions in Adult Reconstruction/Oncology, Foot and Ankle, Pediatrics, Shoulder and Elbow, Spine, Sports Medicine, and Trauma. We also defined the odds of matching in each subspecialty. We determined the applicant's odds of matching in their first or second choice by year and specialty. We also determined the number of applications made by applicants in each subspecialty. Data were obtained from the San Francisco Match. Results In 2017, Adult Reconstruction/Oncology was the most selective, with a 68% match rate in 2017, whereas Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery had a 93% chance of matching. The odds of matching in one's first (14% to 41%) or second (8% to 16%) choice was low in the study period. The average range of applications made by applicants varied from 18 to 28 applications, depending on year and specialty. Sports applicants made significantly more mean number of applications than all specialties (range +5 to 9.8 applications; P < 7.59 × 10-7 to 0.011). Discussion The numbers of positions and odds of matching in postgraduate orthopaedic surgery fellowships are variable by year and subspecialty. Applicants need to consider their entire match list carefully due to low odds of matching in their first or second choice. These trends are valuable to applicants and training programs when selecting the numbers of applications and interviews for a successful match.
Verilog-A modeling of filamentary-based complementary resistance switching devices

This paper presents a compact model implemented in Verilog-A for complementary resistive switching (CRS) devices based on nickel oxide (NiO). Device characterization enabled the creation and enhancement of the model for the complementary resistive switching RRAM including temperature dependence which is implemented in Verilog- A and could be used in circuit simulators for design of RRAM memory circuits.
Carbonophosphates: A New Family of Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries Identified Computationally.

A new class of materials which can intercalate lithium reversibly is discovered by a novel high-throughput ab initio computational approach.
Picometer scale vibrometry in the human middle ear using a surgical microscope based optical coherence tomography and vibrometry system

We have developed a highly phase stable optical coherence tomography and vibrometry system that attaches directly to the accessory area of a surgical microscope common to both the otology clinic and operating room. Careful attention to minimizing sources of phase noise has enabled a system capable of measuring vibrations of the middle ear with a sensitivity of < 5 pm in an awake human patient. The system is shown to be capable of collecting a wide range of information on the morphology and function of the ear in live subjects, including frequency tuning curves below the hearing threshold, maps of tympanic membrane vibrational modes and thickness, and measures of distortion products due to the nonlinearities in the cochlear amplifier.
Network Data

Many economic activities are embedded in networks: sets of agents and the (often) rivalrous relationships connecting them to one another. Input sourcing by firms, interbank lending, scientific research, and job search are four examples, among many, of networked economic activities. Motivated by the premise that networks' structures are consequential, this chapter describes econometric methods for analyzing them. I emphasize (i) dyadic regression analysis incorporating unobserved agent-specific heterogeneity and supporting causal inference, (ii) techniques for estimating, and conducting inference on, summary network parameters (e.g., the degree distribution or transitivity index); and (iii) empirical models of strategic network formation admitting interdependencies in preferences. Current research challenges and open questions are also discussed.
A Fashion Trend Forecasting Course as a Gateway to Career Discovery

The purpose of this study was to explore a new undergraduate course that has been conceptualized to foster student trend forecasting skills and abilities to adapt those skills to various fashion industry roles. This could enable students to both (a) understand the broader application of trend forecasting in the fashion industry and (b) reflect on their personal interest in various industry roles as a part of career discovery. The Revised Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning was utilized in the development of this course. It was intended that students would transition from understanding, applying, evaluating, and creating trend forecasts. First, in general contexts and then in the context of specific industry careers. It was also intended that such exploration would allow students to have a stronger understanding of how trend forecasting is utilized within the fashion industry and assist students in their personal career discovery process.
An Efficient RSU Authentication Scheme based on Merkle Hash Tree for VANETs

Due to the dynamic nature of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), entities in VANETs are needed to be authenticated prior to any communication between them takes place. In this paper, we present an efficient scheme for vehicles to authenticate Road Side Units (RSUs). We exploit Merkle Hash Tree (MHT) to reduce computation and communication overheads for authenticating RSUs. A detailed security analysis is carried out to demonstrate its effectiveness against message modification attack, replay attack, and message injection attack. Finally, our analysis shows that the proposed authentication scheme performs better than the ECDSA+ECDH aggregation scheme with respect to computation and communication overheads.
Associations between insomnia and reward learning in clinical depression

Background Depression and insomnia commonly co-occur. Yet, little is known about the mechanisms through which insomnia influences depression. Recent research and theory highlight reward system dysfunction as a potential mediator of the relationship between insomnia and depression. This study is the first to examine the impact of insomnia on reward learning, a key component of reward system functioning, in clinical depression. Methods The sample consisted of 72 veterans with unipolar depression who endorsed sleep disturbance symptoms. Participants completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, self-report measures of insomnia, depression, and reward processing, and a previously validated signal detection task (Pizzagalli et al., 2005, Biological Psychiatry, 57(4), 319-327). Trial-by-trial response bias (RB) estimates calculated for each of the 200 task trials were examined using linear mixed-model analyses to investigate change in reward learning. Results Findings demonstrated diminished rate and magnitude of reward learning in the Insomnia group relative to the Hypersomnia/Mixed Symptom group across the task. Within the Insomnia group, participants with more severe insomnia evidenced the lowest rates of reward learning, with increased RB across the task with decreasing insomnia severity. Conclusions Among individuals with depression, insomnia is associated with decreased ability to learn associations between neutral stimuli and rewarding outcomes and/or modify behavior in response to differential receipt of reward. This attenuated reward learning may contribute to clinically meaningful decreases in motivation and increased withdrawal in this comorbid group. Results extend existing theory by highlighting impairments in reward learning specifically as a potential mediator of the association between insomnia and depression.
A slime mold’s remembrance of things past

The paper “Encoding memory in tube diameter hierarchy of living flow network” by Kramar and Alim (1) may be an example of the unbridgeable gulf between physics and biology; I am not sure, but it may be. Kramar and Alim study how the giant unicellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum develops an associative memory by adjusting wall stiffness and removal of the tubing network to encode the location of a nutrient source. The paper is primarily a “how” and “what” physics-based model of how the mold remembers where nutrients are, and somewhat skirts the “why” question, as physicists are apt to do. Let me explain. In physics, the “why” question is forbidden; the “how” and “what” questions are perfectly OK. For physicists, things are what they are; they don’t exist for a reason. Things are different in biology: While the “how” and “what” questions are the primary ones as in physics, the “why” question is tolerted by evolutionary biologists. The tolerance comes from an understanding of evolution and how it has shaped biology. Billions of years ago, amazingly, the first self-reproducing ur-cell appeared, with the remarkable ability to reproduce itself based on an internal set of instructions, presumably some form of double-stranded DNA, or some other stable polymer, and able to store a long chain of information. Importantly, this chain of instructions can be mutated, and progeny can be produced with different instructions, and hence different phenotypes, from the parent. Darwin’s natural selection and subtle mathematics dictated that this ur-cell would then evolve into the millions of different species we see … [↵][1]1Email: austin{at}princeton.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Actuarial Soundness, the Meaning of ‘Commensurate,’ and A ‘Sniff Test’

In 2015, the Third Circuit Court of Appeals issued its decision in Zahner v. Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services. The decision represents a favorable ruling for elder law attorneys and their clients and suggests approaches that may achieve clients’ Medicaid planning goals. This case note reviews the Zahner decision and its impact on annuities in the context of Medicaid eligibility.
Realtime Simulation-in-the-Loop Control for Agile Ground Vehicles

In this paper we present a system for real-time control of agile ground vehicles operating in rough 3D terrain replete with bumps, berms, loop-the-loops, skidding, banked-turns and large jumps. The proposed approach fuses local-planning and feedback trajectory-tracking in a unified, simulation-based framework that operates in real-time. Experimentally we find that fast physical simulation-in-the-loop enables impressive control over difficult 3D terrain. The success of the proposed method can be attributed to the fact that it takes advantage of the full expressiveness of the inherently non-linear, terrain-dependent, highly dynamic systems involved. Performance is experimentally validated in a motion capture lab on a high-speed non-holonomic vehicle navigating a 3D map provided by an offline perception system.
Rapporteur’s Statement

Evaluation of the effects of climate change on human settlements show rather disparate consequences. Among the possibilities are the following: Permafrost degradation in high northern latitudes. The prospect of increased epidemics of infectious diseases and other adverse effects on human health. Decreases in energy for space heating in winter (offset to some extent by increased energy use in summer for space cooling). The refugee problem that would result in Pacific island countries because of the inundation of low-lying islands due to sea-level rise.
Fining and Fining Agents

Fining is the addition of a reactive or adsorptive substance to remove or reduce the concentration of one or more undesirable constituents. Fining agents are added to juices, wines, and sparkling wine cuvees for the purposes of enhancing clarity, color, aroma, flavor, and/or stability modification. Fining agents can be grouped according to their general nature.
Augmented Reality as a Navigation Tool to Employment Opportunities for Postsecondary Education Students with Intellectual Disabilities and Autism.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of location-based augmented reality navigation compared to Google Maps and paper maps as navigation aids for students with disabilities. The participants in this single subject study were three college students with intellectual disability and one college student with autism spectrum disorder. The study measured their ability to independently make navigation decisions in order to travel to unknown business locations in a city. All students attended a postsecondary education college-based program. Results indicated that students traveled more successfully using augmented reality compared to Google Maps and a paper map. Conclusions are discussed in the context of reducing barriers related to employment. (Keywords: augmented reality, intellectual disabilities, mobile devices, navigation, postsecondary education, transition)
The impact of institutional constraints on the Limarí River Valley water market

[1] Institutional constraints on water and water rights trades are usually implemented to reduce the potential costs of free trade in water rights, but these constrains are themselves not without cost. Using data on permanent water rights and annual spot water transactions in the Limari River Valley of northern Chile, we test for trade barrier-induced price differences in the constrained permanent water rights market versus the unconstrained spot water market and then estimate the welfare losses generated as a result of these restrictions. We find that trade barriers in the permanent water rights market cause prices to diverge across adjacent irrigation districts for homogenous water rights despite the fact that prices equalize across irrigation districts in the unconstrained spot water market. The resulting estimates of welfare losses from these barriers in the permanent water rights market are found to be significant.
Full-Text Aggregation: An Examination Metadata Accuracy And the Implications For Resource Sharing

Abstract This study compared two lists of full-text content available in Academic Search Elite. EBSCO provided the lists to the University College of the Fraser Valley. In this study, focus was placed on the accuracy of the claims of full-text content, because the staff and library users at University College of the Fraser Valley (UCFV, British Columbia) depend on this database as part of the libraries' journal collection. Interlibrary loan staff routinely used a printed list of Academic Search Elite to check whether the journal was available at UCFV in electronic form; therefore, an accurate supplemental list or lists of the library's electronic journals was essential for cost-conscious interlibrary loan staff. The results of the study were that there were inaccuracies in the coverage of fifty-seven percent of the journals sampled. Serials Review 2003; 29:11–15.
The Moose's Children: A Memoir of Betrayal, Death and Survival by David M. Mokotoff

In The Moose's Children: A Memoir of Betrayal, Death and Survival, the reader is taken on a turbulent ride that vividly depicts the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse on not only an indivi...
The role of stress in opiate and psychostimulant addiction: evidence from animal models

Abstract Exposure to high levels of life stress is associated with opiate and psychostimulant use in humans, but a causal role has not been established and the mechanisms involved in this putative association are not known. Processes involved in drug addiction can be studied under controlled experimental conditions in laboratory animals, using the intravenous drug self-administration, conditioned place preference and reinstatement procedures. The intravenous drug self-administration and conditioned place preference procedures are regarded as suitable animal models of drug reinforcement, and the reinstatement procedure is an animal model of drug relapse. Our review of the findings from rat studies using these animal models indicates that while stressors are important modulators of opiate- and psychostimulant-reinforced behavior, the effects of stressors on behavior in the above models is stressor-specific, and to some degree also procedure-specific and drug-specific. We also review data from studies on the neuronal mechanisms involved in the effects of different stressors on opiate and psychostimulant self-administration, conditioned place preference and reinstatement. Finally, we briefly discuss the implications of the data reviewed for future research and for the treatment of drug addiction.
Spectral characteristics and correction of long-term eddy-covariance measurements over two mixed hardwood forests in non-flat terrain

We present turbulence spectra and cospectra derived from long-term eddy-covariancemeasurements (nearly 40,000 hourly data over three to four years) and the transferfunctions of closed-path infrared gas analyzers over two mixed hardwood forests inthe mid-western U.S.A. The measurement heights ranged from 1.3 to 2.1 times themean tree height, and peak vegetation area index (VAI) was 3.5 to 4.7; the topographyat both sites deviates from ideal flat terrain. The analysis follows the approach ofKaimal et al. (Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 98, 563–589, 1972) whose results were based upon 15 hours of measurements atthree heights in the Kansas experiment over flatter and smoother terrain. Both thespectral and cospectral constants and stability functions for normalizing and collapsingspectra and cospectra in the inertial subrange were found to be different from those ofKaimal et al. In unstable conditions, we found that an appropriate stabilityfunction for the non-dimensional dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy is of the form Φe(ζ) = (1 - b-ζ)-1/4 - c-ζ, where ζ representsthe non-dimensional stability parameter. In stable conditions, a non-linear functionGxy(ζ) = 1 + bxyζc xy (cxy < 1) was found to benecessary to collapse cospectra in the inertial subrange. The empirical cospectralmodels of Kaimal et al. were modified to fit the somewhat more (neutraland unstable) or less (stable) sharply peaked scalar cospectra observed over forestsusing the appropriate cospectral constants and non-linear stability functions. Theempirical coefficients in the stability functions and in the cospectral models varywith measurement height and seasonal changes in VAI. The seasonal differencesare generally larger at the Morgan Monroe State Forest site (greater peak VAI) andcloser to the canopy. The characteristics of transfer functions of the closed-path infrared gas analysersthrough long-tubes for CO2 and water vapour fluxes were studied empirically. This was done by fitting the ratio between normalized cospectra of CO2 or watervapour fluxes and those of sensible heat to the transfer function of a first-order sensor.The characteristic time constant for CO2 is much smaller than that for water vapour. The time constant for water vapour increases greatly with aging tubes. Three methods were used to estimate the flux attenuations and corrections; from June through August, the attenuations of CO2 fluxes are about 3–4% during the daytime and 6–10% at night on average. For the daytime latent heat flux (QE), the attenuations are foundto vary from less than 10% for newer tubes to over 20% for aged tubes. Correctionsto QE led to increases in the ratio (QH + QE)/(Q* - QG) by about 0.05 to0.19 (QH is sensible heat flux, Q* is net radiation and QG is soil heat flux),and thus are expected to have an important impact on the assessment of energy balanceclosure.
The Fertility of American Women Since 1920

The subject of my dissertation is the fertility of American women since 1920. A quick review of the movements in the birth rate will show why this has been such a baffling phenomenon to economists. The prosperity of the twenties was accompanied by a birth rate which fell with unprecedented rapidity. The Great Depression saw an end to the precipitous decline, and the birth rate remained at a low level until the end of the decade. After World War II, the birth rate rose to a relatively high plateau and remained there through the mid-fifties. This period of the "baby boom" was followed in the sixties by a "baby bust" which saw the birth rate plunge to its lowest level in United States history. A capsule box score shows two periods (the Great Depression and the "baby boom") in which variations in the birth rate appear to be easily explicable in narrowly economic terms, and two periods (the twenties and the sixties) in which they do not. Richard Easterlin' has tried to break this tie by suggesting a set of hypotheses which would unify these periods into one economically meaningful framework. Easterlin and other authors who have attempted to specify models of economic-demographic interaction have proceeded at high levels of aggregation forced upon them by grave data availability problems. In order to study fertility at a more disaggregrated level, I have compiled birth probability cross-sections for native white women in each year from 1920 through 1940, and for all white women in every year from 1947 through 1965. Each cross-section refers to women of a particular age classified by the number of children already borne. These data suggest that Easterlin's emphasis on using economic factors specific to women in their early childbearing years to explain movements in the birth rate may be misleading because the birth probabilities of women in all childbearing ages change in a (roughly) proportional manner over time. A dummy variable regression technique is used to partition birth probability matrices specific for birth order into three multiplicative components. One refers to the age of the women, another to their birth cohorts, and the third to the year in which the birth occurs. For example, the probability that a 20-year-old woman who has had no children has a child in 1950 is expressed as the product of a factor common to all 20-year-old women, a factor common to all first births in 1950, and a factor representing the cohort of women born in 1930. Using birth probabilities specific for the number of children already born allows us to consider separately factors which affect the timing of births and those which alter desired family size. Variations in birth
Gut-brain communications: not the same at all ages.

The body weight thing is obviously hard to get right. Whereas many Westerners battle obesity in the younger years, later life is often vexed with anorexia of aging, a condition in which the elderly lose massive amounts of weight (1). Whereas anorexia has remained a difficult problem to treat, there are many thyroid hormone-, serotonin-, and adrenergic-based drugs that can induce tremendous losses in body weight. Unfortunately, those drugs when used for weight loss have unacceptable rates of morbidity and mortality.
Protein Folding at the Membrane Interface: The Structure of Nogo-66

Compelling evidence indicates that repair of damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is inhibited by the presence of protein factors within myelin that prevent axonal regrowth. Myelin growth inhibits and their common receptor have been identified as targets in the treatment of damage to the CNS.We have recently determined the NMR structure of one of the myelin growth inhibitors, the neurite outgrowth inhibitor (Nogo). We studied the structure of this protein alone and in the presence of dodecylphosphocholine micelles to mimic the natural cell membrane environment. Using several paramagnetic probes, we have defined portions of the growth inhibitor that are accessible to solvent (and consequently the Nogo receptor). Mutagenesis probed through phage-display confirms that the positions predicted to be extra-cellular are sensitive to receptor binding. Using computational docking methods and the mutagenesis results, we calculated the optimal protein-protein interface between our structure of Nogo and the Nogo receptor. The structure of Nogo and the predicted Nogo/receptor inhibitory complex structure will be presented.Funding was provided by: NIH 1R01GM078528-01 andCal Roman Reed Res Fund RR03-072, +114, +155
Global Measurements of Sea Surface Temperature, Wind Speed and Atmospheric Water Content from Satellite Microwave Radiometry

The Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) was launched on the Seasat and Nimbus 7 satellites in 1978. The SMMR has the ability to measure sea surface temperature and wind speed with the aid of microwaves. In addition, the instrument was designed to measure water vapor and cloud liquid water with better spatial resolution than previous microwave radiometers, and to make sea-ice measurements with higher precision. A description is presented of the results of global analyses of sea surface temperature, wind speed, water vapor, and cloud liquid water, taking into account data provided by the SMMR on the Seasat satellite. It is found that the SMMR data show good self-consistency, and can usefully measure global distributions of sea surface temperatures, surface winds, water vapor, and cloud liquid water.
Reassessment of Storm and Flood Probabilities in South-Central Texas

The June-July 2002 flood in south-central Texas was unique and catastrophic because of the volume of precipitation and runoff that occurred over periods between 2 and 10 days. For individual stations, the greatest 1-, 2-, 4-, and 7-day precipitation totals were 274, 409, 621, and 820 mm, respectively. An area of 10,800 km2 had greater than 510 mm during this event. Flood discharges, while impressive, did not set peak records. The flood volume generated was two or more times that for which many flood-control facilities were designed to detain. The resultant spills damaged 48,000 homes and closed more than 130 roads. When the precipitation records of this event are compared to published depth-duration-frequency values, it shows that the prescribed values increasingly underestimated the storm potential for periods beyond 1 day so that the 4-, 5-, 7-, and 10-day totals were more than twice the published values for the "100-year" event. This event demonstrates the need to consider precipitation amounts for per...
Purely-long-range krypton molecules in singly and doubly excited binding potentials

Diatomic potentials for krypton are computed and also probed experimentally. For a probe-laser wavelength near 811 nm, several strong dipole-dipole interactions produce purely-long-range potential wells in the singly excited manifold of (s+p) potentials and in the doubly excited manifold of (p+p) and (s+d) potentials. Evidence of resonant photoassociation into bound states of these potential wells is observed in the emission of ions and ultraviolet photons from a magneto-optically trapped krypton cloud.
Engineering periplasmic ligand binding proteins as glucose nanosensors

Diabetes affects over 100 million people worldwide. Better methods for monitoring blood glucose levels are needed for improving disease management. Several labs have previously made glucose nanosensors by modifying members of the periplasmic ligand binding protein superfamily. This minireview summarizes recent developments in constructing new versions of these proteins that are responsive within the physiological range of blood glucose levels, employ new reporter groups, and/or are more robust. These experiments are important steps in the development of novel proteins that have the characteristics needed for an implantable glucose nanosensor for diabetes management: specificity for glucose, rapid response, sensitivity within the physiological range of glucose concentrations, reproducibility, and robustness. Keywords: biosensor; glucose; diabetes; nanosensor; periplasmic ligand binding protein; protein design (Published: 19 January 2011) Citation: Nano Reviews 2011, 2 : 5743 - DOI: 10.3402/nano.v2i0.5743