cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subcellular Localization of Zinc and Calcium in Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Tissues

Two bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars differing in growth responses to zinc were examined for differences in uptake and subcellular localization of (65)Zn during a 15-day growth period. The zinc-sensitive cultivar Sanilac showed initially a much higher rate of absorption, which declined after 24 hours. The zinc-tolerant cultivar Saginaw showed a slow but steady rate of absorption for 10 days. In roots as well as in stem callus tissues of both cultivars, three-fourths of the absorbed (65)Zn was localized in the "cytoplasmic" supernatant fractions (containing ribosomes and vacuolar sap). Very little (less than 7%) (65)Zn was localized in the cell wall fraction. There was a much greater proportion of the absorbed (65)Zn localized in root mitochondria and nuclei of the zinc-sensitive Sanilac than in the zinc-tolerant Saginaw. Stem callus tissues, however, did not show such cultivar differences in zinc accumulation at the sub-cellular level.Calcium-45 distribution in the cultivar Redkote showed preferential affinity for cell walls both in roots and stem cellus tissue. The percentage of absorbed (45)Ca associated with cell wall fractions of roots gradually increased with a corresponding decline in the percentage of radioactivity associated with the cytoplasmic fraction. At 15 days, 57% of the total (45)Ca in the roots was localized in the cell walls. A similar, albeit less pronounced, preferential (45)Ca sorption on cell walls occurred for the callus tissue. Calcium-45 also accumulated at later stages in the nuclear fraction, but there was no mitochondrial accumulation.
Peptide activation of a simple neural circuit

Pupae of the tobacco hornworm moth display a characteristic reflex response to tactile stimulation of sensory hairs located in the gin-trap. The reflex is not functional in the prepupa, but is activated abruptly as the animal enters the pupal stage by the direct action of an identified peptide hormone. The neuronal pathway between the sensory and motor neurons involved in the reflex is not direct, and the site of hormone action was localized to the connection between an interganglionic interneuron, and the motorneurons.
Where are the pseudogenes in bacterial genomes

Most bacterial genomes have very few pseudogenes; notable exceptions include the genomes of the intracellular parasites Rickettsia prowazekii and Mycobacterium leprae. As DNA can be introduced into microbial genomes in many ways, the compact nature of these genomes suggests that the rate of DNA influx is balanced by the rate of DNA deletion. We propose that the influx of dangerous genetic elements such as transposons and bacteriophages selects for the maintenance of relatively high deletion rates in most bacteria; the sheltered lifestyle of intracellular parasites removes this threat, leading to reduced deletion rates and larger pseudogene loads.
Dispersive magnetometry with a quantum limited SQUID parametric amplifier

There is currently fundamental and technological interest in measuring and manipulating nanoscale magnets, particularly in the quantum coherent regime. To observe the dynamics of such systems one requires a magnetometer with not only exceptional sensitivity but also high gain, wide bandwidth, and low backaction. We demonstrate a dispersive magnetometer consisting of a two-junction superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) in parallel with an integrated, lumped-element capacitor. Input flux signals are encoded as a phase modulation of the microwave drive tone applied to the magnetometer, resulting in a single quadrature voltage signal. For strong drive power, the nonlinearity of the resonator results in quantum limited, phase sensitive parametric amplification of this signal, which improves flux sensitivity at the expense of bandwidth. Depending on the drive parameters, the device performance ranges from an effective flux noise of 0.29 $\ensuremath{\mu}{\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}$Hz${}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$ and 20 MHz of signal bandwidth to a noise of 0.14 $\ensuremath{\mu}{\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}$Hz${}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$ and a bandwidth of 0.6 MHz. These results are in excellent agreement with our theoretical model.
Severe thrombocytopenic purpura as a complication of cat scratch disease

A 6-year-old previously healthy girl presented with a 2-day history of extensive bruising and petechiae. She had an intermittent high-grade fever (101 F) over the previous 2 weeks but had been afebrile since the onset of hemorrhagic symptoms. She had no other constitutional symptoms. Her medical history was noncontributory. She had a positive history of cat contact and her only medication was acetaminophen for fever. She lived with her parents and 2 sisters, none of whom were ill. Physical examination revealed a playful cooperative child with extensive bruising and petechiae over arms, legs, trunk, and face. There were no mucous membrane bleeding and no retinal hemorrhages. Her left submandibular and anterior cervical nodes were mildly enlarged and nontender. She had good oral hygiene, her tympanic membranes were normal, and there was no evidence of scalp infection. She did not have pallor or hepatosplenomegaly. The remainder of the examination was essentially normal.
Perturbation Response Scanning Method for Identifying Allosteric Transitions and Utilizing in Flexible Docking

We have recently developed coarse-grained method; perturbation response scanning (PRS) that couples elastic network models with linear response theory (LRT). It computes the response of the protein structure (i.e. displacement vector) upon exerting directed random forces on selected residues. The method has proven successful in reproducing residue displacements for a set of 25 proteins that display a variety of conformational motions upon ligand binding[1]. Using PRS we analyzed two PDZ domain proteins (PSD95 PDZ3 domain and hPTP1E PDZ2 domain) whose allosteric behavior play a key role in signaling. By PRS, we first identified the residues that give the highest response upon perturbing the binding sites. Strikingly, we observe that the residues that give the highest response agree with experimentally determined residues involved in allosteric pathways. Second, we constructed the allosteric pathways by clustering the residues giving same type of response upon perturbation of the binding sites. Interestingly our analysis provided molecular understanding of experimentally observed hidden allostery of PSD95. We have shown that removing the distal alpha helix from the binding site alters the allosteric pathway and decreases the binding affinity. Overall, these results indicate that (i) PRS is successful in capturing the conformational changes upon binding[1], (ii) it can identify key residues that mediate long-range communication in PDZ domain proteins[2], (iii) we can construct the allosteric pathways and show how the allosteric pathway changes upon minor alteration in the fold with PRS[2]. Utilizing these exceptional features of PRS, we have recently developed a flexible docking scheme which predicts the peptide-protein interactions,1. Atilgan C, Gerek ZN, Ozkan SB, Atilgan, AR, Biophys J 99, 933-943 (2010).2. Gerek ZN and Ozkan SB, submitted to PLoS Comp Biol, (2010).
Evidence for ascending noradrenergic mediation of hypothalamic hyperphagia.

Abstract Rats sustaining unilateral ablation of the ventral ascending noradrenergic bundle, in combination with a contralateral parasagittal knife cut rostrolateral to the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), became obese. Ablation of the ventral noradrenergic (NA) bundle was effective at both mammillary and midbrain levels. The weight gains produced by this asymmetrical technique were comparable to those obtained following bilateral parasagittal knife cuts. Rats with unilateral mammillary lesions that spared the ventral NA bundle or unilateral midbrain lesions which only partially destroyed the ventral NA bundle, in combination with the contralateral parasagittal knife cut, did not become obese. The neural substrate damaged in the production of hypothalamic hyperphagia thus appears to be that part of the ascending ventral NA bundle which projects medially through the effective parasagittal knife cut locus rostrolateral to the VMN.
A neurophysiologic approach to dance/movement therapy: Theory and practice

The theory and practice of dance/movement therapy is explored from a neurophysiologic perspective. Some of the theoretical constructs which undergird the use of dance/movement therapy with pathological conditions of neurogenic origin are examined. A conceptual framework is drawn from the ontogenetic models of Ayres and Kephart. Their sensory-perceptual approaches are presented and provide the underpinnings of the short term movement intervention described in this paper. Case studies of four deaf-blind multiply-handicapped teen-age girls are presented including their neurogenic dysfunction and associated problems. Examples of specific therapeutic techniques based on sensory-perceptual integration are cited concluding with some generally effective treatment strategies. A problematic concern is the issue of meeting the singular and complex needs of severely handicapped individuals while maintaining the integrity of a functional group process.
Rotational modeling of Hyperion

Saturn’s moon, Hyperion, is subject to strongly-varying solid body torques from its primary and lacks a stable spin state resonant with its orbital frequency. In fact, its rotation is chaotic, with a Lyapunov timescale on the order of 100 days. In 2005, Cassini made three close passes of Hyperion at intervals of 40 and 67 days, when the moon was imaged extensively and the spin state could be measured. Curiously, the spin axis was observed at the same location within the body, within errors, during all three fly-bys—~ 30° from the long axis of the moon and rotating between 4.2 and 4.5 times faster than the synchronous rate. Our dynamical modeling predicts that the rotation axis should be precessing within the body, with a period of ~ 16 days. If the spin axis retains its orientation during all three fly-bys, then this puts a strong constraint on the in-body precessional period, and thus the moments of inertia. However, the location of the principal axes in our model are derived from the shape model of Hyperion, assuming a uniform composition. This may not be a valid assumption, as Hyperion has significant void space, as shown by its density of 544± 50 kg m−3 (Thomas et al. in Nature 448:50, 2007). This paper will examine both a rotation model with principal axes fixed by the shape model, and one with offsets from the shape model. We favor the latter interpretation, which produces a best-fit with principal axes offset of ~ 30° from the shape model, placing the A axis at the spin axis in 2005, but returns a lower reduced χ2 than the best-fit fixed-axes model.
The effect of depreciation method choice on asset selling prices

Abstract In this study, we examine whether an accounting choice that firms make for external financial reporting purposes influences the selling prices that managers seek to obtain when they dispose of used capital assets. From a normative perspective, managers should obtain the highest possible selling prices for used capital assets regardless of the firm’s depreciation method choice. However, theory predicts that depreciation method-induced differences in accounting book values will cause managers to systematically deviate from this normative prescription. Using multiple contexts, methodologies, and participant groups, we consistently find that managers sell used capital assets that have been depreciated using accelerated depreciation for lower prices than identical used capital assets that have been depreciated using straight-line depreciation. This effect even endures in the presence of fair value information about the asset being sold. We also provide theory-consistent evidence that depreciation method-induced differences in accounting book values influence managers’ asset selling price decisions because of the mental accounting process that they employ. Our study has economic efficiency implications for an array of situations in which depreciable assets are commonly sold.
The Influence of Grazing by two Acartia Species on Olisthodiscus luteus CARTER

. The grazing of Acartia hudsonica and Acartia tonsa was observed on cultures of Olisthodiscus luteus and Dunaliella tertiotecta presented alone and in combination. Feeding on D. lertiolecla by both Acartia species increased directly with concentration but was always lower at equivalent food concentrations when O. luteus was present. In mixed phytoplankton cultures, A. hudsonica fed on both species at low O. luteus concentration, only on D, lertiolecla at intermediate levels and stopped feeding at highest O. luteus concentrations. A. tonsa showed a variable but similar result. These studies indicate the possible role of these dominant herbivores on the dynamics of O. luteus populations.
Measuring the Functional Components of Social Support

In the last several years, we have been interested in the role social supports play in protecting people from the pathogenic effects of stress. By social supports, we scan the resources that are provided by other persons (cf. Cohen & Syme, 1985). Although others have investigated and in some cases found evidence for a “buffering” hypothesis—that social support protects persons from the pathogenic effects of stress but is relatively unimportant for unexposed individuals, there are difficulties in interpreting this literature. First, there are almost as many measures of social suppport as there are studies. Hence it is difficult to compare studies and to determine why support operates as a stress buffer in some cases, but not in others. Second, in the vast majority of work, support measures are used without regard to their psychometric properties or their appropriateness for the question under study. For example, studies using measures assessing the structure of social networks (e.g, how many friends do you have?) are seldom distinguished from those addressing the functions that networks might serve (e.g., do you have someone you can talk to about personal problems?). In fact, in many cases, structural and functional items are thrown together into single support indices resulting in scores that have little conceptual meaning.
Prostaglandin A1 induces the synthesis of a new protein in cultured AGMK cells.

Administration of exogenous prostaglandin A1 to African Green Monkey Kidney cells in culture induced the synthesis of a new protein (PG-protein) of approximate molecular weight of 74,000 dalton. This induction was completely blocked by the presence of actinomycin D in the culture medium. Synthesis of the PG-protein started as soon as 2 hours after PGA 1 treatment in both uninfected or Sendai-infected cells, and continued for the duration of the treatment. Neither cell replication nor cell metabolism, measured as total RNA and protein synthesis, were altered by PGA 1 at the dose that induced the PG-protein. The same concentration of PGA1 has been previously reported to inhibit Sendai virus replication and prevent the establishment of a persistent infection in these cells.
Dethiophosphorylation of thiophosphorylase a by a multifunctional phosphoprotein phosphatase of Mr=35,000.

Abstract It is generally believed that proteins thiophosphorylated by adenosine 5′-0-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATPγS) are resistant to phosphoprotein phosphatases. We have found that a general phosphoprotein phosphatase of Mr=35,000 purified from bovine heart, rabbit muscle or liver, can efficiently catalyze the dethiophosphorylation of [ 35 S ]thiophosphorylated phosphorylase ([ 35 S ]thiophosphorylase a ) . The rate of the dethiophosphorylation reaction in the presence of lmM Mn 2+ was about one-third as that of dephosphorylation of [ 32 P ]phosphorylase a . The dethiophosphorylation reaction was almost completely inhibited by EDTA and was stimulated several fold by Mn 2+ . On the other hand, the dephosphorylation of [ 32 P ]phosphorylase a was not significantly affected by these reagents. The present findings indicate that thiophosphorylated proteins in general may not be resistant to phosphoprotein phosphatases.
On the origin of species by means of assortative mating

Assortative mating may split a population even in the absence of natural selection. Here, we study when this happens if mating depends on one or two quantitative traits. Not surprisingly, the modes of assortative mating that can cause sympatric speciation without selection are rather strict. However, some of them may occur in nature. Slow elimination of intermediate individuals caused by the gradual tightening of assortative mating, which evolves owing to relatively weak disruptive selection, provides the alternative scenario for sympatric speciation, in addition to fast elimination of intermediate individuals as a result of the direct action of strong disruptive selection under an invariant mode of assortative mating. Even when assortative mating alone cannot split an initially coherent population, it may be able to prevent the merging of species after their secondary contact.
Dynamic Balanced Configuration of Multi-resources in Virtualized Clusters

Dynamic resource configuration is crucial to the provisioning of service level agreements (SLAs) in cloud computing. Most of today's autonomic resource configuration approaches are designed to scale a single type of resource. A few works are able to partition multiple resources, but mainly to meet the requirement of throughput. Unlike throughput, however, response time behaves nonlinearly with respect to resources. Therefore, these approaches are hardly applicable to dynamic sharing of multi-resources for the provisioning of response time guarantee. Moreover, the optimization of resource efficiency and utilization has great significance to IaaS providers. We show theoretically and experimentally that resource optimization lies in balanced configuration of resources. In this paper, we propose a framework, BConf, for dynamic balanced configuration of multi-resources for the provisioning of response time guarantee in virtualized clusters. BConf employs an integrated MPC (model predictive control) and adaptive PI (proportional integral) control approach (IMAP). MPC is applied to actively balance multiple resources using a novel resource metric. For the performance prediction, a gray-box model is built on generic OS and hardware metrics in addition to resource actuators and performance. We find out that resource penalty is an effective metric to measure the imbalanced degree of a configuration. Using this metric and the model, BConf tunes resources in a balanced way by minimizing the resource penalty while satisfying the response time target. Adaptive PI is used to coordinate with MPC by narrowing the optimization space to a promising region. Within BConf framework, resources are coordinated during contention. Experimental results with mixed TPC-W and TPC-C benchmarks show that BConf reduces resource usages by about 50% and 30% for TPC-W and TPC-C respectively, improves stability by more than 35.6%, and has a much shorter settling time, in comparison with a representative partition approach. The advantages of BConf in resource coordination are also demonstrated.
Secondary Fluorescence Quenching Rate Constants of Eu3+ in D2O by ETOH, CH3COOD and OH-Groups (H2O)

Abstract It has been shown recently that the fluorescence efficiency of Eu3+ in organic solvents is reduced to a different extent by the solvent molecules located in the primary and in the secondary solvation spheres of the ion(1,2). The primary solvation sphere was associated with the nonradiative quenching processes of the rare-earth ion, kh, whereas molecules located in the secondary solvation sphere were associated with a secondary fluorescence quenching effect i.e. ksolv sec or KQ sec. The structure of the primary solvation sphere was found to exert a marked effect upon the fluorescence efficiency and lifetimes of Sm3+ in POCl3: SnCl4 (3). Furthermore, a pronounced effect, due to both the primary and the secondary solvation sphere, was observed upon the intensity and the splitting of absorption and emission bands of Eu3+ associated with electric-quadrupole transitions(4).
Kinetic-Energy Distribution of D(2p) Atoms from Analysis of the D Lyman-Alpha Line Profile

The kinetic-energy distribution of D(2p) atoms resulting from electron-impact dissociation of D2 has been measured. A high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer was employed for the first measurement of the D Lyman-alpha (D L(alpha)) emission line profiles at 20- and 100-eV excitation energies. Analysis of the deconvoluted line profile of D L(alpha) at 100 eV reveals the existence of a narrow line central peak of 29+/-2 mA full width at half maximum and a broad pedestal wing structure about 190 mA wide. The wings of the line can be used to determine the fast atom distribution. The wings of D L(alpha) arise from dissociative excitation of a series of doubly excited states that cross the Franck-Condon region between 23 and 40 eV. The fast atom distribution at 100-eV electron impact energy spans the energy range from 1 to 10 eV with a peak value near 6 eV. Slow D(2p) atoms characterized by a distribution function with peak energy near 100 meV produce the central peak profile, which is nearly independent of the impact energy. The deconvoluted line profiles of the central peak at 20 eV for dissociative excitation of D2 and H2 are fitted with an analytical function for use in calibration of space flight instrumentation equipped with a D/H absorption cell. The kinetic-energy and line profile results are compared to similar measurements for H2. The absolute cross sections for the line center (slow atoms) and wings (fast atoms) and total emission line profile were measured from threshold to 400 eV. Analytical model coefficients are given for the energy dependence of the measured slow atom cross section.
Interleukin-1β System (Ligand, Receptor Type I, Receptor Accessory Protein and Receptor Antagonist), TNF-α, TGF-β1 and Neuropeptide Y mRNAs in Specific Brain Regions During Bacterial LPS-Induced Anorexia

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin induces neurological manifestations including anorexia. It is proposed that LPS-induced cytokine production is involved in the generation of neurological manifestations and in neuroinflammatory/immunological responses during gram-negative infections. For example, LPS-induced effects can be blocked or ameliorated by the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Here, sensitive and specific RNase protection assays were used to investigate the effects of the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of LPS on mRNA levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) system components, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. The same brain region sample was analyzed with all of the antisense probes. The data show simultaneous local induction of multiple cytokine components messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) within specific brain regions in anorectic rats responding to i.c.v. administered LPS (500 ng/rat). Interleukin-1beta and IL-1Ra had a similar mRNA induction profile (hypothalamus > cerebellum > hippocampus). Interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) mRNA also increased in all three brain regions examined, and the soluble form of IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1R AcP II) mRNA was induced in the hypothalamus. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA levels increased in the hypothalamus > hippocampus > cerebellum. Levels of membrane bound IL-1R AcP, TGF-beta1, and NPY mRNAs did not change significantly in any brain region. The results suggest that: (1) endogenous up-regulation of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in the hypothalamus contribute to LPS-induced anorexia; and (2) the ratio IL-1Ra/IL-1beta, and IL-1beta TNF-alpha interactions may have implications for gram-negative infections associated with high levels of LPS in the brain-cerebrospinal fluid.
Some fluorinated sulfur and nitrogen compounds—synthesis, structure and rearrangements

Abstract Syntheses and structural studies of fluorinated compounds which contain nitrogen and/or sulfur as well as other Group V and VI elements continue to tweak the imagination of the fluorine chemist. For example, the substitution of a trifluoromethyl group or a chlorine atom for a fluorine atom of SF 6 or a trifluoromethyl group and a chlorine atom for two fluorine atoms of SF 6 modifies the chemical behavior of the resulting compounds significantly. Additionally, polyazacycloalkanes provide excellent substrates for the preparation of families of new heterocycles and their acid derivatives.
The US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS‐R): design and field procedures

The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) is a survey of the prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in the US that was carried out between February 2001 and April 2003. Interviews were administered face-to-face in the homes of respondents, who were selected from a nationally representative multi-stage clustered area probability sample of households. A total of 9,282 interviews were completed in the main survey and an additional 554 short non-response interviews were completed with initial non-respondents. This paper describes the main features of the NCS-R design and field procedures, including information on fieldwork organization and procedures, sample design, weighting and considerations in the use of design-based versus model-based estimation. Empirical information is presented on non-response bias, design effect, and the trade-off between bias and efficiency in minimizing total mean-squared error of estimates by trimming weights. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Effects of some homologues of 4-chloroamphetamine on brain serotonin metabolism.

Three homologues of 4-chloroamphetamine, with longer or shorter side chains, had different effects on rat brain serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels than did 4-chloroamphetamine itself. Shortening the side chain greatly diminished the activity of 4-chloroamphetamine on 5-hydroxyindole metabolism; 4-chloro-α-methylbenzylamine had little effect on 5-HT or 5-HIAA levels in vivo or on 5-HT uptake into synaptosomes or oxidation by monoamine oxidase in vitro. Lengthening the side chain abolished depletion of brain 5-HT by 4-chloroamphetamine but not the ability to affect 5-HT uptake and metabolism. 4-Chloro-α-methyl-phenylpropylamine increased 5-HT levels and decreased 5-HIAA levels in vivo and was as potent as 4-chloroamphetamine in vitro in blocking 5-HT uptake and 5-HT oxidation. 4-Chloro-α-methyl-phenylbutylamine did not change 5-HT levels but reduced 5-HIAA levels in vivo; it inhibited 5-HT uptake in vitro and apparently did so in vivo as well. Both of the longer homologues antagonized the depletion of brain 5-HT by 4-chloroamphetamine. a further indication that they block uptake by 5-HT neurones in vivo. These results indicate that the depleting action of 4-chloroamphetamine on brain 5-HT is lost by altering the side chain but that other actions of 4-chloroamphetamine on brain 5-HT metabolism are retained in the longer side-chain homologues.
Local evaporative heat transfer coefficient in turbulent free-falling liquid films

Abstract Evaporative heating of a free-falling turbulent liquid film has been investigated experimentally and numerically. The film exhibited a long thermal development length persisting up to more than one half of the 781 mm long heated test section. The increased length of the development region is attributed to the formation of a boundary layer at the film interface. This boundary layer was predicted numerically and observed in temperature measurements within the film. The heat transfer coefficients are averaged over the lower section of the tube and correlated as a function of the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. Numerical predictions are made for the development region and for fully developed heat transfer coefficients using three different eddy diffusivity models. Comparison with experimental data reveals that two of these models are fairly successful in predicting the extent of the thermal development region and the time-averaged evaporative heat transfer coefficient; yet the data indicate the need for development of a new model which accurately accounts for local and spatial wave-induced variations of film thickness.
Stimulated calcium entry and constitutive RhoA kinase activity cause stretch-induced detrusor contraction.

Urinary bladder wall muscle (i.e., detrusor smooth muscle; DSM) contracts in response to a quick-stretch, but this response is neither fully characterized, nor completely understood at the subcellular level. Strips of rabbit DSM were quick-stretched (5 ms) and held isometric for 10 s to measure the resulting peak quick-stretch contractile response (PQSR). The ability of selective Ca2+ channel blockers and kinase inhibitors to alter the PQSR was measured, and the phosphorylation levels of myosin light chain (MLC) and myosin phosphatase targeting regulatory subunit (MYPT1) were recorded. DSM responded to a quick-stretch with a biphasic response consisting of an initial contraction peaking at 0.24 ± 0.02-fold the maximum KCl-induced contraction (Fo) by 1.48 ± 0.17 s (PQSR) before falling to a weaker tonic (10 s) level (0.12 ± 0.03-fold Fo). The PQSR was dependent on the rate and degree of muscle stretch, displayed a refractory period, and was converted to a sustained response in the presence of muscarinic receptor stimulation. The PQSR was inhibited by nifedipine, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), 100 μM gadolinium and Y-27632, but not by atropine, 10 μM gadolinium, LOE-908, cyclopiazonic acid, or GF-109203X. Y-27632 and nifedipine abolished the increase in MLC phosphorylation induced by a quick-stretch. Y-27632, but not nifedipine, inhibited basal MYPT1 phosphorylation, and a quick-stretch failed to increase phosphorylation of this rhoA kinase (ROCK) substrate above the basal level. These data support the hypothesis that constitutive ROCK activity is required for a quick-stretch to activate Ca2+ entry and cause a myogenic contraction of DSM.
Rapidly Frozen Polypeptide Samples for Characterization of High-Definition Dynamics by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

A method is described for defining anisotropic local dynamics in polypeptides by solid-state NMR. To avoid conformational heterogeneity introduced by large hexagonal ice crystals in low temperature hydrated samples, a fast-freezing technique is used for sample preparation. For a demonstration of this approach, the backbone librational motions of the gramicidin A channel conformation are studied in hydrated DMPC bilayers. The static 15N chemical shift tensor is characterized at 123 K for the Ala3 site. The temperature dependence of this tensor yields a determination of the librational amplitude and anisotropy of the motionally sampled space. This amplitude represents the sum of nanosecond and picosecond time-frame motions, both of which have a significant amplitude.
Distribution, abundance and persistence of species of Orasema (Hym: Eucharitidae) parasitic on fire ants in South America

Parasitoid wasps of the genus Orasema Cameron have been considered as potential candidates for biological control of imported fire ants in the United States. Surveys were conducted for their occurrence in fire ant colonies across southern South America. In Argentina, 443 ant colonies were excavated at 57 sites and 11 positive sites were revisited to monitor the field persistence. In Paraguay, Bolivia and Uruguay, 288 colonies were examined in the field in 16 sites. Orasema simplex Heraty was the most abundant species, and found in 63.7% of the total parasitized colonies (n = 72). Orasema xanthopus (Cameron) and Orasema salebrosa Heraty were found at four sites in Argentina. In Bolivia, Orasema pireta Heraty was found at one site and parasitizing an unidentified Solenopsis species. Two new host species for Orasema were discovered, Solenopsis quinquecuspis Forel and Solenopsis macdonaghi Santschi. In addition, Orasema aenea Gahan was found parasitizing fire ants for the first time. The parasitoids persisted at 36.4% of the positive sites, most of them in rural habitats.
Multi-layer graph analytics for social networks

Modern social networks frequently encompass multiple distinct types of connectivity information; for instance, explicitly acknowledged friend relationships might complement behavioral measures that link users according to their actions or interests. One way to represent these networks is as multi-layer graphs, where each layer contains a unique set of edges over the same underlying vertices (users). Edges in different layers typically have related but distinct semantics; depending on the application, multiple layers might be used to reduce noise through averaging, perform multifaceted analyses, or a combination of the two. However, it is not obvious how to extend standard graph analysis techniques to the multi-layer setting in a flexible way. In this paper we develop latent variable models and methods for mining multi-layer networks for connectivity patterns based on noisy data.
On an inequality of Levinson of the Phragmèn-Lindelöf type

In this paper a new proof, based on Džrbasjan's characterization of Hp-spaces in a half-plane, of an integral inequality of Levinson of the Phragmen-Lindelof type is presented.
Metabolic fate of [14C]endrin in bluegill fish

Abstract Bluegill absorbed 85% of 1 ppb of endrin from water within 48 hr under static exposure conditions. The absorbed radiocarbon was eliminated linearly with a half-life of about 4 weeks. Analyses of eliminated radioactivity revealed only conjugated metabolites. 12-anti-Hydroxyendrin and 12-syn-hydroxyendrin were tentatively identified by cochromatography using thin-layer chromatography/autoradiography and gas chromatography. These metabolites were also present as conjugates in the fish organs. Seventy-three percent of the absorbed radioactivity recovered from fish extracts was in the form of unchanged endrin.
A comparative study of c‐shaped, e‐shaped, and u‐slotted patch antennas

A class of popular linearly polarized slotted antennas are compared with respect to their RF mechanism, radiation mechanism, impedance matching, and cross polarization characteristics for wireless communication frequency band 1.9–2.4 GHz.It is found that C-shaped and double C-shaped patch antennas, even though miniaturized, suffer from narrow bandwidth and high cross polarization level, due to its orientation of slot. U-slotted and E-shaped patch antennas show high bandwidth with minor penalty in size and cross polarization level. In order to understand the effect of slot on the radiation in these antennas, a novel strategy of looking at the near-field of these antennas has been presented. These near-field plots are analyzed to explain certain far-field radiation characteristics in these antennas such as- cross-pol level. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1746–1757, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26894
Universal phase transition in community detectability under a stochastic block model.

We prove the existence of an asymptotic phase-transition threshold on community detectability for the spectral modularity method [M. E. J. Newman, Phys. Rev. E 74, 036104 (2006) and Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 103, 8577 (2006)] under a stochastic block model. The phase transition on community detectability occurs as the intercommunity edge connection probability $p$ grows. This phase transition separates a subcritical regime of small $p$, where modularity-based community detection successfully identifies the communities, from a supercritical regime of large $p$ where successful community detection is impossible. We show that, as the community sizes become large, the asymptotic phase-transition threshold ${p}^{*}$ is equal to $\sqrt{{p}_{1}{p}_{2}}$, where ${p}_{i}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}(i=1,2)$ is the within-community edge connection probability. Thus the phase-transition threshold is universal in the sense that it does not depend on the ratio of community sizes. The universal phase-transition phenomenon is validated by simulations for moderately sized communities. Using the derived expression for the phase-transition threshold, we propose an empirical method for estimating this threshold from real-world data.
Lifestyle intervention and coronary heart disease risk factor changes over 18 months in postmenopausal women: the Women On the Move through Activity and Nutrition (WOMAN study) clinical trial.

Objectives: In this paper, we present the results of changes in risk factors by use of hormone therapy (HT) at 18 months in the Women On the Move through Activity And Nutrition (WOMAN) randomized t...
Greater filamin C, GSK3α, and GSK3β serine phosphorylation in insulin-stimulated isolated skeletal muscles of calorie restricted 24 month-old rats

Abstract Moderate calorie restriction (CR) can improve insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake in muscles from 24 month-old rats, but the specific Akt substrates linking CR-effects on Akt to glucose uptake and other cellular processes are uncertain. We probed CR's influence on site-specific phosphorylation of five Akt substrates (AS160Ser588, TBC1D1Thr596, FLNcSer2213, GSK3αSer21, and GSK3βSer9) in predominantly fast-twitch (epitrochlearis) and predominantly slow-twitch (soleus) muscles. We observed no CR-effect on phosphorylation of AS160Ser588 or TBC1D1Thr596, but there was a CR-induced increase in insulin-stimulated FLNcSer2213, GSK3αSer21, and GSK3βSer9 phosphorylation for both muscles. These results indicate that CR does not uniformly affect insulin-mediated phosphorylation of Akt substrates in fast- or slow-twitch muscles from 24 month-old rats.
Ralph Miliband: Socialist for a skeptical age

(1995). Ralph Miliband: Socialist for a skeptical age. Socialism and Democracy: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 165-177.
Comparing conservative coalescing criteria

Graph-coloring register allocators can eliminate copy instructions from a program by coalescing the interference graph nodes corresponding to the source and destination. Briggs showed that by limiting coalescing to those situations that he dubbed “conservative,” it could be prevented from causing spilling, that is, a situation where the allocator fails to assign a register to each live range. George and Appel adopted Briggs's conservativeness criterion in general, but provided an alternative criterion (the George test) to use in those cases where one of the nodes has been “precolored,” that is, preassigned a specific register. They motivated this alternative criterion by efficiency considerations, and provided no indication of the relative power of the two criteria. Thus it remained an open question whether the efficiency had been bought at the expense of reduced coalescing. Their implementation also used a limited version of the Briggs test, in place of the original, full version, without any comment on the impact of this substitution. In this article, we also present an analogously limited version of the George test.Thus we are now confronted with four different criteria for conservative coalescing: the full and limited Briggs tests and the full and limited George tests. We present a number of theorems characterizing the relative power of these different criteria, and a number of theorems characterizing the form of safety that each achieves. For example, we show that for coalescing with precolored nodes, the full George criterion is strictly more powerful than the full Briggs criterion, while offering an equally strong safety guarantee. Thus no coalesces are lost through George and Appel's introduction of the George test, and some can be gained without sacrificing safety.We also show that George and Appel's limited version of the Briggs test is probably undesirable. Although a slightly stronger safety result applies to it than to the full Briggs test, this comes at the expense of eliminating all coalesces that can reduce spilling.
Glyoxalase I activity in human prostate cancer : A potential marker and importance in chemotherapy

AbstractPurpose: To provide information on the activity of Gly-I in prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: We performed qualitative Gly-I assay on prostate tissues.Results: Gly-I activity between prostate cancer and noncancerous specimens differed substantially and significantly, although such activity also varied somewhat among cancer specimens.Conclusions: Gly-I activity is indeed higher in cancerous than in noncancerous specimens, suggesting that it may play a role in prostate cancer homeostasis and survival.
Residential segregation in university housing: The mathematics of preferences ☆

Abstract Preferences for the racial neighborhood composition differ significantly between blacks and whites. Since [Schelling, Thomas. C. 1969. Models of Segregation. Memorandum RM-6014-RC. The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA], it has been clear that these preference differences alone, even if mild, can lead to complete separation of racial groups. Recently published work by [Fossett, Mark. 2006. Ethnic preferences, social distance dynamics, and residential segregation: theoretical explorations using simulation analysis. Journal of Mathematical Sociology 30, 185–274] adds even greater certainty to the proposition. We explore this process empirically through a case study of a university housing system that recently experienced an increase in the residential separation between black and white students. Unlike residential segregation in the larger community, separation on the college campus does not have deep roots in institutionalized mechanisms of discrimination. In fact, residence assignment procedures are completely “color-blind.” Thus a college campus is an (almost) ideal place to study the role of preferences in residential segregation. We use data on the ranks continuing students give to residence halls in response to their housing applications and we relate the ranks different types of student give to halls of different racial composition. Not surprisingly, we find that percent black is associated with a higher, more preferred, rank for black students, but, surprisingly, we find such an integrationist preference is common among white students as well. However, the effect is much stronger for black than for white students and this difference has important consequences for the residential separation process.
Effect of cyanide on respiratory control of electron transporting particles.

Abstract Addition of cyanide to electron transporting particles (ETP) respiring in presence of NADH selectively inhibited uncoupled respiration. The respiratory control index as measured with p-trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone increased from 2 to 10 after addition of cyanide. These results suggest that there are two populations of respiratory chains in electron transporting particles--coupled and uncoupled, and that the lower coupling in electron transporting particles as compared to mitochondria reflects the presence of a proportion of uncoupled chains.
Observations On the Genus Abasia (Copepoda) With the Description of a New Species

[Cet article contient la description d'une nouvelle espece d'Abasia, A. platyrostris, et une nouvelle description d'A. pseudorostris Wilson. Considerant que la definition du genre donnee par Wilson n'est pas tout a fait correcte, l'auteur donne ici une nouvelle diagnose., Cet article contient la description d'une nouvelle espece d'Abasia, A. platyrostris, et une nouvelle description d'A. pseudorostris Wilson. Considerant que la definition du genre donnee par Wilson n'est pas tout a fait correcte, l'auteur donne ici une nouvelle diagnose.]
Imaging of Mohs Micrographic Surgery Sections Using Full‐Field Optical Coherence Tomography: A Pilot Study

Background Full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) is a new noninvasive imaging technique that can see down to the cellular level without tissue preparation or contrast agents. Objective To use FF-OCT to image Mohs micrographic surgery specimens and verify the ability of a dermatopathologist to identify or exclude malignancy. Materials and Methods Two Mohs surgeons supplied 18 Mohs sections from 11 patients. Each section was scanned using the FF-OCT, and a dermatopathologist blinded to the diagnosis examined the images for malignancy. The FF-OCT images were then compared with the intraoperative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained frozen sections for concordance. Results All 9 FF-OCT images interpreted as negative for malignancy were in agreement with the H&E frozen sections. Six of the remaining FF-OCT images were correctly interpreted as positive for malignancy, and three were deferred because malignancy could not be confirmed or excluded. Conclusion Malignancy in Mohs sections can correctly be identified or excluded using FF-OCT. Although not ready for clinical use in its current state, FF-OCT has the potential to be incorporated into the Mohs workflow in the future.
Student nurse perception of doctoral graduate programs

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the perception of nursing students, enrolled in either a DNP or PhD program, of the roles and responsibilities of nurses with terminal degrees. Using the items identified by position statements from the AACN, a study-specific Likert-response survey was developed. Data sources: Data were collected from 199 students, presently enrolled in either a DNP or PhD program. Survey Monkey® was used to collect these data. Study consent was implied upon submission of the survey responses. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the roles/responsibilities of each degree. Finding / Results: Discriminating the role/responsibility of the DNP and PhD-prepared nurse, with respect to research or clinical focus, was clear. Leadership, mentoring, and dissemination of knowledge activities were perceived to be a responsibility of the nurse educated with either degree. Policy activities, utilizing theory for research and/or practice, data analyses, and mentoring activities were not identified as critical to either role. Implications: These data identify course content which should be included in each educational program. These results also describe areas in which additional focus is needed to clarify the roles/responsibilities of the DNP and PhD-prepared nurse.
Inhibition of Protein Kinase Cβ Reverses Increased Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability During Hyperglycemic Stroke and Prevents Edema Formation In Vivo

Background and Purpose— We investigated the effect of circulating factors and protein kinase Cβ on blood–brain barrier permeability and edema during hyperglycemic stroke. Methods— Male Wistar rats that were hyperglycemic by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) for 5 to 6 days underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 hours with 2 hours of reperfusion. Blood–brain barrier permeability was measured in middle cerebral arteries that were ischemic (MCAO) or nonischemic (CTL) and perfused with plasma (20% in buffer) from MCAO or CTL animals. A separate set of MCAO vessels was perfused with the protein kinase Cβ inhibitor CGP53353 (0.5 μmol/L) and permeability measured. Lastly, hyperglycemic rats were treated intravenously with CGP53353 (10 or 100 μg/kg or vehicle 15 minutes before reperfusion and edema formation measured by wet:dry weights (n=6/group). Results— MCAO vessels had increased permeability compared with controls regardless of the plasma perfusate. Permeability (water flux, μm3×108) of CTL vessel/CTL plasma (n=8), CTL vessel/MCAO plasma (n=7), MCAO vessel/CTL plasma (n=6), and MCAO vessel/MCAO plasma (n=6) was 0.98±0.11, 1.13±0.07, 1.36±0.02, and 1.34±0.06; P <0.01). Inhibition of protein kinase Cβ in MCAO vessels (n=6) reversed the increase in permeability (0.92±0.1; P <0.01). In vivo, hyperglycemia increased edema versus normoglycemia after MCAO (water content=78.84%±0.11% versus 81.38%±0.21%; P <0.01). Inhibition of protein kinase Cβ with 10 or 100 μg/kg CGP53353 during reperfusion prevented the increased edema in hyperglycemic animals (water content=79.54%±0.56% and 79.99%±0.43%; P <0.01 versus vehicle). Conclusions— These results suggest that the pronounced vasogenic edema that occurs during hyperglycemic stroke is mediated in large part by activation of protein kinase Cβ.