cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Ca-activated ATPase in the mitotic apparatus of the sea urchin egg (isolated by a new method).

Steps in a new procedure for isolating the mitotic apparatus from sea urchin eggs (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) are: (1) Cultivation of the eggs in sea water in which Na is replaced by Li, under which conditions the MA is stabilized in vivo and does not break down at the end of mitosis; (2) storage of the eggs containing the MA in 30% ethanol at −10 °C, preserving isolability and ATPase activity for several months; (3) isolation of the MA in the presence of ethanol and Triton X-100 at +10 °C by selective dispersal of the cytoplasm; (4) purification by washing in 30% ethanol, 0.1% Triton at low temperature. Because of the stabilization of the MA in the Li-sea water, the yield is large. A Ca-activated ATPase, described in detail by Petzelt [22], is concentrated in the MA at specific activities 2–3 times those measured in the cytoplasm. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that the subunits of microtubule protein are major components of the MA prepared by the present method.
Solar Nebula Heterogeneity in p-Process Samarium and Neodymium Isotopes

Bulk carbonaceous chondrites display a deficit of approximately 100 parts per million (ppm) in 144Sm with respect to other meteorites and terrestrial standards, leading to a decrease in their 142Nd/144Nd ratios by approximately 11 ppm. The data require that samarium and neodymium isotopes produced by the p process associated with photodisintegration reactions in supernovae were heterogeneously distributed in the solar nebula. Other samarium and neodymium isotopes produced by rapid neutron capture (r process) in supernovae and by slow neutron capture (s process) in red giants were homogeneously distributed. The supernovae sources supplying the p- and r-process nuclides to the solar nebula were thus disconnected or only weakly connected.
ARCHETYPES, ATHLETES, AND ADVERTISING: A JUNGIAN APPROACH TO PROMOTION

The increased attention being directed toward nonquantitative (so‐called relativistic) research designs within marketing has encouraged marketing's use of methods that were developed in the “softer” social sciences. Representative of such trends is Sidney Levy's use of mental‐structuralist mythological theory within the context of consumer behavior. This paper demonstrates how another school of mythology (Jungian analysis) can be used to deal with consumer behavior and the way consumers respond to certain advertisements. Although serious methodological problems exist in Jungian analysis, techniques that explore the impact of universal innate human thought upon consumer behavior can be useful. As a specific example, the “archetype” of the athlete and its relation to consumer behavior and product promotion will be discussed.
Ethnic Identity Entrepreneurs: Their Role in Transracial and Intercountry Adoptions

Three attributes characterize ethnic identity entrepreneurs. First, ethnic identity entrepreneurs appeal to an essentialized image of identity in which ethnicity ‘trumps' all other bases of affiliation and authenticity. Second, ethnic identity entrepreneurs invoke this essentialized identity and group membership to justify a claim to, or, monopolization of, scarce resources and entitlements by way of a process of social closure. Third, the activities of ethnic identity entrepreneurs which are often initially motivated by the desire to open up options and to facilitate choice among members, induce conformity and functions as a mechanism of social control. In this paper I emphasize a particular subset of ethnic identity entrepreneurs, namely, those who represent subordinate/minority groups and who work in bureaucracies -whether governmental or community based- and who have acquired a very extensive power by virtue of their office and their professional expertise, which enables them to construct and enforce ...
Clinical and Molecular Predictors of Recurrence in Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background Patients with stage I lung cancer undergoing a complete resection have a 25% risk of recurrence. Factors predictive for recurrence are critically needed. In the present study, we prospectively examined clinical and molecular factors that may predict a poor outcome. Methods Patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer undergoing surgical resection were enrolled into an institutional registry. Clinical demographics and outcomes data were prospectively collected. Patients who received neoadjuvant therapy or patients who died within 30 days of surgery were excluded from this analysis. Molecular factors involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and angiogenesis were analyzed. The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival. Results One hundred and two patients were enrolled between March 2006 and April 2009. There were 25 (25%) documented recurrences. In univariate analysis, male sex, increased tumor standard uptake value, tumor size, final pathology stage, arterial invasion, percent nuclear phosphorylated AKT, vascular endothelial growth factor score, negative cyclin D1 protein expression, and percent nuclear cyclin D1 expression were predictive of decreased recurrence-free survival. All factors with a p value of 0.1 or less were included in multivariate analysis. Male sex, final pathology stage, vascular endothelial growth factor score, and percent nuclear cyclin D1 expression were significant independent predictors for poor prognosis. Conclusions Four clinical and molecular factors were associated with prognosis in a prospective study of stage I non-small cell lung cancer.
Sulfite Hypersensitivity. A Critical Review

Sulfiting agents (sulfur dioxide and the sodium and potassium salts of bisulfite, sulfite, and metabisulfite) are widely used as preservatives in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals. Within the past 5 years, there have been numerous reports of adverse reactions to sulfiting agents. This review presents a comprehensive compilation and discussion of reports describing reactions to ingested, inhaled, and parenterally administered sulfite. Sulfite hypersensitivity is usually, but not exclusively, found within the chronic asthmatic population. Although there is some disagreement on its prevalence, a number of studies have indicated that 5 to 10% of all chronic asthmatics are sulfite hypersensitive. This review also describes respiratory sulfur dioxide sensitivity which essentially all asthmatics experience. Possible mechanisms of sulfite hypersensitivity and sulfur dioxide sensitivity are discussed in detail. Sulfite metabolism and the role of sulfite oxidase in the detoxification of exogenous sulfite are reviewed in relationship to the etiology of sulfite hypersensitivity.
Satellite-based detection of global urban heat-island temperature influence

[1] This study utilizes a satellite-based methodology to assess the urban heat-island influence during warm season months for over 4400 stations included in the Global Historical Climatology Network of climate stations. The methodology includes local and regional satellite retrievals of an indicator of the presence green photosynthetically active vegetation at and around the stations. The difference in local and regional samples of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to estimate differences in mean air temperature. Stations classified as urban averaged 0.90°C (N. Hemisphere) and 0.92°C (S. Hemisphere) warmer than the surrounding environment on the basis of the NDVI-derived temperature estimates. Additionally, stations classified as rural averaged 0.19°C (N. Hemisphere) and 0.16°C (S. Hemisphere) warmer than the surrounding environment. The NDVI-derived temperature estimates were found to be in reasonable agreement with temperature differences observed between climate stations. The results suggest that satellite-derived data sets can be used to estimate the urban heat-island temperature influence on a global basis and that a more detailed analysis of rural stations and their surrounding environment may be necessary to assure that temperature trends derived from assumed rural environments are not influenced by changes in land use/land cover.
Things Your Most Satisfied Patients Won’t Tell You

In a competitive market, patient satisfaction is critical. The author surveyed patients and discusses several nontechnical factors that influence patient satisfaction.
Correlation matrix renormalization approximation for total-energy calculations of correlated electron systems

We generalized the commonly used Gutzwiller approximation for calculating the electronic structure and total energy of strongly correlated electron systems. In our method, the evaluation of one-body and two-body density matrix elements of the Hamiltonian is simplified using a renormalization approximation to achieve better scaling of the computational effort as a function of system size. To achieve a clear presentation of the concept and methodology, we describe the detailed formalism for a finite hydrogen system with minimal basis set. We applied the correlation matrix renormalization approximation approach to a H${}_{2}$ dimer and H${}_{8}$ cubic fragment with minimal basis sets, as well as a H${}_{2}$ molecule with a large basis set. The results compare favorably with sophisticated quantum chemical calculations. We believe our approach can serve as an alternative way to build up the exchange-correlation energy functional for an improved density functional theory description of systems with strong electron correlations.
Platelet-activating factor is a general membrane perturbant.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is, at physiological (nanomolar) concentrations, a potent mediator of inflamation and coagulation. At pharmacological (micromolar) concentrations, PAF induces a variety of effects in diverse tissues. Here we show that PAF at micromolar concentrations is a membrane perturbant. Micromolar PAF alters the properties of channels formed by gramicidin, and at concentrations ⩾ 4 μM disrupts the barrier properties of the host lipid bilayer. PAF thus can act as a detergent and non-specifically alter the behavior of membranes and membrane proteins. This may provide an explanation for some of the effects of PAF seen at high concentrations in vitro.
The toughening behaviours of Cr3C2 particulate-reinforced Al2O3 composites

Enhancement of the fracture toughness of Al2O3 was achieved by the additions of 10–40 vol% Cr3C2 particulates through a hot-pressing process. The dependence of Cr3C2 particle size (0.5, 1.5 and 7.5 μm) on the toughening effect was investigated. The maximum fracture toughness of composites could be improved to 5.9, 7.6 and 8.0 MPa m1/2 for fine, medium and coarse Cr3C2 particle reinforced composites, respectively. Both the quantitative analysis of toughening contributions and experimental observations are extensively discussed in terms of Cr3C2 particle size, microcracks, as well as thermal residual stress between Al2O3 and Cr3C2.
High sensitivity RF energy harvesting from AM broadcasting stations for civilian infrastructure degradation monitoring

In this paper, a high sensitivity RF energy harvester is presented with a potential application in powering wireless sensors for monitoring the degradation of civilian infrastructures. The harvester captures the ambient energy transmitted from the AM broadcasting stations and provides dc power to a sensor. The harvester discussed here can operate at input power levels as small as-39 dBm and generate a dc output voltage of ~2.5 V. Efficiency of the system is measured to be over 60% under the specified input condition.
An efficient algorithm for hidden surface removal, II

We give an efficient, randomized hidden surface removal algorithm for scenes containing intersecting faces. Randomization is assumed only in the algorithm and not in the input. The algorithm is quasi-output sensitive in the following sense. Project all boundary edges as well as the edges formed by the intersections of scene faces onto the view plane. This gives rise to several junctions in the view plane, visible as well as invisible. Let us define the degree deg(q) of a junction q as the number of scene faces that give rise to q. Define l(q), the obstruction level of q, to be the number of faces in the scene that obscure q with respect to the view point. Thus l(q)=0 iff q is visible. Then the expected time spent by the algorithm on a junction q is inversely proportional to (1 + l(q))^d^e^g^(^q^)^-^1. Thus the work done on a junction decreases very fast as its obstruction level w.r.t. the view point increases.
Use of nutritional supplements to increase the efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

Objective Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication does not appear to be effective in ill, malnourished anorexia nervosa (AN) patients. However, it may be effective in preventing relapse after weight restoration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether nutritional supplements could potentiate the effects of fluoxetine in underweight AN subjects. Method Twenty-six subjects with AN participated in a trial of fluoxetine. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled manner, subjects received either nutritional supplements or a nutritional placebo. The nutritional supplement included tryptophan (the precursor of serotonin), vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids believed to influence serotonin pathway function. Results There was no significant difference in weight gain between subjects treated with fluoxetine plus nutritional supplements versus fluoxetine plus a nutritional placebo. Moreover, there were no significant differences between groups on mean changes in anxiety or obsessive and compulsive symptoms. Discussion The results of this study suggest that supplement strategies are not a substitute for adequate nutrition and are ineffective in increasing the efficacy of fluoxetine in underweight AN subjects. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 10–15, 2004.
Improved electroabsorption properties in 1.3 μm MQW waveguide modulators by a modified doping profile

In 1.3 μm electroabsorption (EA) waveguide modulators used for microwave photonic links, we have used a modified doping profile to provide a better confinement of the depletion region in the p-i-n structure under reverse bias, without causing serious free carrier absorption. Theoretical simulation of the electric field distribution and experimental result on surface-normal photocurrent measurement, as well as waveguide measurement, are shown in this paper. An improvement of 29% of the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) is obtained, and in the waveguide measurement, 15% improvement of the transmission-voltage slope efficiency is achieved.
Acute pancreatitis: Nonsurgical management

The care of patients with severe acute pancreatitis is complex. Although numerous medical therapies have been proposed, few interventions have been shown to be of benefit in patients with severe disease. This review summarizes the nonoperative management of patients with acute pancreatitis, including therapies shown to be of little value, the role of antibiotics in patients with acute pancreatitis, the importance of monitoring and supportive care, and the rationale of endoscopic and surgical intervention.
Internal Mammary Retractor

A new retractor for dissection of internal mammary arteries is described. We have found that the instrument can easily be applied to the chest wall and gives excellent exposure for dissection of the graft from origin to bifurcation.
Further activation of FLT3 mutants by FLT3 ligand.

Somatic mutations of FLT3 involving internal tandem duplication (ITD) of the juxtamembrane domain or point mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) appear to activate FLT3 in a FLT3 ligand (FL)-independent manner. To determine whether or not FLT3 mutants respond to FL for their activation, a FL-deficient (FL−/−) murine embryo fibroblast (MEF) cell line was established. Expression of FLT3/ITD and FLT3/TKD mutations in FL−/− MEF cells resulted in low levels of constitutive phosphorylation of FLT3. However, a more than fourfold increase of FLT3 autophosphorylation was induced by exogenous FL. Rescue of endogenous FL expression in FL−/− MEF cells expressing FLT3 mutants led to more than a threefold increase of FLT3 phosphorylation. FL addition led to further activation of the FLT3 receptors and enhanced survival and/or decreased apoptosis in leukemia-derived cell lines and primary leukemic cells expressing FLT3 mutations. Functional studies revealed that exogenous FL promoted the colony-forming and recloning abilities of FLT3 mutant transduced primary bone marrow cells derived from FL−/− mice. Endogenous FL contributes in vivo to functional signaling through FLT3 as noted by the decreased survival of FL+/+ITD+/+ mice compared with FL−/−ITD+/+ mice. These data suggest that FL leads to further activation of FLT3 mutants and is especially important in light of recent findings of elevated FL levels in acute myeloid leukemia patients in response to chemotherapy.
Electrochemical regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

Abstract Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) has been characterized electrochemically by solid electrode voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis. Photometric and enzymatic assay showed that enzymatically active nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) could be regenerated electrolytically from its reduced form without the use of so-called electron mediators. Complete regeneration of enzymatically active NAD can be expected in pyrophosphate buffers and phosphate buffers during the electrolysis. Advantages of electrochemical regeneration of coenzymes are discussed, especially with regard to immobilization of enzymes.
Predicting the identity and fate of plant invaders: emergent and emerging approaches.

Abstract Prediction of the potential for plant species to invade new ranges has long attracted the attention of ecologists motivated by both fundamental and practical considerations. Consequently, a conceptually diverse array of correlative and experimental approaches have been developed to predict the identity and fate of future invaders. The most straightforward approach has long involved simply compiling lists of species known to be aggressive either in their native range or a new range. Although these lists can be encyclopedic, they often fail to include species that have yet to become aggressive anywhere. As a result, much effort has been devoted instead to searching for commonality in the ecological traits of invading species as a predictive tool. Success in using such distillations is hampered by the emphasis on the traits of ruderals, despite the ability of non-ruderals to become naturalized, and the frequent inability to decipher which traits contribute to a species' naturalization from those that are merely coincidental with naturalization. The intuitively-appealing approach of identifying a region's future invaders among species that are aggressive in regions with a similar climate (‘climatic-matching’) fails to account for the often quite different biotic restrictions among regions with similar climates. A fourth correlative tool, predictions of an alien species' future distribution and prominence based on its initial rate of spread, is handicapped by our lack of comprehensive knowledge on the areal patterns and temporal course that invasions may follow. In contrast to these correlative tools, prediction has also been sought by determining the constraints of the physical environment on alien species in controlled-growth facilities and glasshouses. Although such facilities certainly provide instructive results, potential interactions between and among factors, especially biotic factors, are difficult to simulate. Three other experimental approaches offer a higher rate of prediction: simultaneous field comparisons between congeners (e.g. one naturalized, one native), and following the fate of a species deliberately sown in a natural community beyond its current range, with or without environmental manipulation. Evaluation of the efficacy of these last three approaches awaits their wider application. Although the experimental approaches hold greater promise, none is a panacea. Prediction will be the highest when several approaches are combined simultaneously (e.g. manipulating the environment for congeners in the field).
Understanding Resolvin Signaling Pathways to Improve Oral Health

The discovery of resolvins has been a major breakthrough for understanding the processes involved in resolution of inflammation. Resolvins belong to a family of novel lipid mediators that possess dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution actions. Specifically, they protect healthy tissue during immune-inflammatory responses to infection or injury, thereby aiding inflammation resolution and promoting tissue healing. One of the major concerns in modern medicine is the management and treatment of oral diseases, as they are related to systemic outcomes impacting the quality of life of many patients. This review summarizes known signaling pathways utilized by resolvins to regulate inflammatory responses associated with the oral cavity.
Seasonal UV disinfection of treated urban effluent. 1. Bacteriological findings

Abstract Wastewater treated to the secondary level may not be disinfected before discharge—if the receiving waterway is not a source of drinking water‐during periods cold enough to limit recreational use. Samples were collected from a wastewater treatment plant and its receiving waterway during periods when ultraviolet disinfection of the effluent was and was not being done. Levels of Escherichia coli, fecal coliforms, and enterococci were reduced by 2 to 3 log units (99 to 99.9%) in treatment, and by more than another log unit (total 99.99% or more) with disinfection. At a sampling site ca. 30 km downstream from the outfall, levels of E. coli and fecal coliforms, but not of enterococci, were significantly higher when the ultraviolet was off. Incidence of Salmonella spp. along the waterway was not firmly related to disinfection. Probable public health effects of not disinfecting during the cold months were not clearly predictable.
Signal processing in digital and floating-gate analog circuits; design trade-offs

Recent advances in programmable analog circuits have made it possible to consider analog signal processing as an alternative to some digital signal processing. We discuss the use of analog floating-gate devices for signal processing applications. We also discuss the motivation for doing more signal processing in analog circuits before the analog-to-digital conversion. Finally, we present an overview of the trade-offs in implementing functions in analog VLSI vs. digital VLSI; including power consumption, linearity, SNR, and dynamic range in analog and digital circuits for signal processing hardware.
The maximum set of permissible behaviors for FSM networks

This paper is concerned with the problem of optimizing systems of interacting sequential circuit components. Specifically, we consider how one can find the set of sequential behaviors that can be implemented at a component while preserving the behavior of the total system. This paper proposes a method for computing and representing the complete set of permissible behaviors. We show that the complete set can be computed and represented by a single non-deterministic finite state machine, called the E-machine. The transition relation of the E-machine is obtained by a fixed point computation. The procedure has been implemented and initial experimental results are given.
SYSTEM AND VARIABILITY IN INTERLANGUAGE SYNTAX

Inherent in the interlanguage hypothesis is the assumption that the language of second language acquirers is systematic. This article reviews the notions of system and variability as applied to interlanguages, especially in the area of syntax. The article summarizes the findings of Huebner (1983a) with respect to variability over time in the forms used to mark referential status of discourse participants, using Bickerton's (1981) proposed universal features for referentiality. It then examines, from the same perspective, new data from the same informant collected approximately 20 months after the end of the initial study. Finally, the new corpus is examined in light of Givon's (1982) Quantity Universal. Three measures are applied to those data to determine topic continuity: degree of referential distance, degree of topic persistence, and degree of importance in discourse. Data from the original study reveal the nonlinear nature of linguistic change in an interlanguage. Both the original and the new data support claims made about the primacy of the specific referent/nonspecific referent distinction (Bickerton 1981). The study also suggests that degree of topic continuity can explain residual data.
Relation of stratospheric-tropospheric mass exchange mechanisms to surface radioactivity peaks

The atmospheric origin of the debris which produced a sudden increase of surface radioactivity is studied. Because all the radioactivity measurements show the mean debris ages to be greater than one hundred days for the entire sequence, the air is inferred to have been of recent stratospheric origin in view of an assumed mean tropospheric debris residence time of one month.
Influence of Fiber Lay‐Up Sequence on Mechanical Properties of SiC(f)/SiC Composites

Mechanical properties of Nicalon-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites with two different fiber lay-up sequences (0{degree}/40{degree}/60{degree} and 0{degree}/45{degree}) were evaluated at various temperatures ranging from ambient to 1300{degree}C. Composites with 0{degree}/40{degree}/60{degree} fiber lay-up sequence showed a higher average first matrix cracking stress than that of 0{degree}/45{degree} composites. The measured room-temperature ultimate strength of the 0{degree}/40{degree}/60{degree} composites was 300 MPa compared to 180 MPa for the 0{degree}/45{degree} composites. These measured ultimate strengths were correlated to the predictions made with an analytical model and to in-situ fiber strength characteristics. The large difference in room-temperature ultimate strengths between the two sets of composites is attributed to the relative contributions of the off-axis fibers to the load-bearing capacity of each composite. Up to 1200{degree}C, ultimate strength and work-of-fracture in each set of composites increased, but then declined above 1300{degree}C. The decreases were correlated to in-situ Nicalon fiber strength and fiber/matrix interface degradation.
SÁDI - Statistical Analysis for Data Type Identification

A key task in digital forensic analysis is the location of relevant information within the computer system. Identification of the relevancy of data is often dependent upon the identification of the type of data being examined. Typical file type identification is based upon file extension or magic keys. These typical techniques fail in many typical forensic analysis scenarios such as needing to deal with embedded data, such as with Microsoft Word files, or file fragments. The SADI (Statistical Analysis Data Identification) technique applies statistical analysis of the byte values of the data in such a way that the accuracy of the technique does not rely on the potentially misleading metadata information but rather the values of the data itself. The development of SADI provides the capability to identify what digitally stored data actually represents and will also allow for the selective extraction of portions of the data for additional investigation; i.e., in the case of embedded data. Thus, our research provides a more effective type identification technique that does not fail on file fragments, embedded data types, or with obfuscated data.
Thermal conductivity and contact conductance of BSCCO-2212 material

Thermal conductivity of bulk high temperature superconducting materials is a very important property in the current lead applications because it determines the heat load of the lead at the low temperature end. The thermal conductivity of BSCCO-2212 superconducting material has been measured between 10 and 130 K. Our results compare favorably with other published results. The thermal contact conductance between a joint of BSCCO-2212 and copper has also been measured. Our results indicate that although this kind of joint provides a relatively poor thermal interface, the electrical resistance is small. This joint is still a good choice for making a easy joint which requires both thermal and electrical interfacing. >
The Marriage of Couple and Relationship Education to the Practice of Marriage and Family Therapy: A Primer for Integrated Training

There is a high degree of overlap in the goals and strategies of couple and relationship education (CRE) and the practice of marriage and family therapy (MFT). Given these similarities, there is great potential benefit for the integration of MRE into the formal training of future MFTs. In this article, the authors focus on how CRE can complement both training in, and the practice of, MFT. In addition to highlighting both the similarities and differences between the disciplines, we explore potential benefits of this type of integration for both therapist and clients. We conclude by outlining a two-phase developmentally appropriate approach for integrating healthy relationship curricula into COAMFTE training programs. In phase one, MFT students get direct experience learning about, observing, and then directly facilitating CRE programs. In phase two, student therapists integrate CRE skills directly into their clinical practice of individual, couple, and family therapy.
Regenerative responses to liver injury

The recent three decades emphasized research on liver regeneration, which focused on signals leading hepatocytes into proliferation and liver into regeneration. Mitogenic growth factors (ligands of EGFR and HGF) were identified as direct mitogens for both hepatocyte cultures as well as whole animals in vivo. Multiple other signals (including norepinephrine, IL6, TNF, bile acids, etc.) also initiate signaling pathways that streamline and optimize signaling pathways inside hepatocytes so that hepatocytes enter into cell cycle and proceed with DNA synthesis. Hepatocytes in the cell cycle generate paracrine signals to other hepatic cell types, producing GM-CSF (affecting Kupffer cells), VEGF-A and Angiopoietins 1 and 2 (affecting endothelial cells that themselves also produce HGF), TGFα and FGF1 (affecting a variety of cell types including hepatocytes themselves). Non-parenchymal cells in the liver also produce an array of mitogenic signaling molecules, including HGF (from stellate cells and endothelial cells), IL6 and TNF (from Kupffer cells). TGFβ1, considered as being produced primarily by stellate cells, does not appear to exert mito-inhibitory effects on regenerating hepatocytes, primarily due to down-regulation of TGFβ receptors during regeneration. Functions served by TGFβ during regeneration are more probably related to control of synthesis of hepatic biomatrix, which is substantially downgraded and remodeled during the early stages of regeneration and is resynthesized towards the end of the process [1]. Much less attention has been paid to the pathways leading to cessation of regeneration. It is remarkable that at the end of regeneration, liver returns to 100% of the original mass, suggesting the presence of a “hepatostat” correlating liver size to body size and function. Crucial to understanding this system is the understanding of the signaling pathways leading to proper termination of liver regeneration, as it is this phase of the process that guarantees return to the original size. Many studies with a variety of epithelial cell types have shown elimination of growth suppressing signals in neoplastic development. Cancer tissues proceed with continual proliferation, due to elimination of internal checkpoints and cell cycle control systems. In this study, we concentrated on several systems apparently associated with termination of liver regeneration and demonstrated that such systems are either non-functional or eliminated in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Conversely, by applying detailed genomic analysis, we also found specific genes deleted in the majority or in many hepatocellular carcinomas whose function, not apparent at first, appears to relate with growth suppressor signals associated with termination or negative control of liver regeneration. Such signals related to the present study are as follows:
Development of ultrahigh vacuum technology for particle accelerators and magnetic fusion devices

The development of ultrahigh vacuum technology for high‐energy particle accelerators and magnetic fusion devices provided essential contributions to the progress in these two scientific endeavors over the last four decades. Storage rings were first proposed as an efficient means of producing intense high‐energy particle beams by G. K. O’Neill in 1956. The milestone demonstrations of the importance of this invention came with the operation of the ISR device at CERN in 1971, a 2 km long vacuum vessel which operated at 10−12 Torr and the SPEAR electron‐positron collider at Stanford in 1972. These achievements required development of new materials, materials processing techniques, vacuum components, and vacuum instrumentation. UHV development continues through the present design efforts for the 27 km LHC ring at CERN, and numerous high intensity synchrotron light sources worldwide. A similar progression in UHV development preceded the operation of the present generation of large tokamaks built to demonstrate the scientific feasibility of magnetic fusion energy: The JET device in Europe (U.K.), the JT‐60 in Japan, and TFTR at Princeton. Development efforts in UHV compatible first‐wall materials, efficient vessel conditioning procedures, and high capacity pumps are essential for the operation of these devices and continue to be active areas of research for the next generation of fusion demonstration devices.
Managing Diversity in Liberal Arts College Libraries

Although fostering diversity has been identified as a priority in librarianship, the evidence suggests that the majority of the programs related to diversity in academic libraries have been implemented in large, research university libraries. In this study of the liberal arts college libraries in the United States, data were gathered with regard to programs related to diversity awareness, staffing, information services, and library collections. Although the level of diversity-related activities in liberal arts college libraries has not been overwhelming, the evidence suggests that activities and programs related to diversity have been undertaken in some instances. In addition, the support of college administrators appears to be particularly important in encouraging these activities.
Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with E-7-tetradecene, 2-methyl-1-tridecene and the C7–C14 1-alkenes at 295 ± 1 K

Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with the C7–C14 1-alkenes and with E-7-tetradecene and 2-methyl-1-tridecene have been measured at 295 ± 1 K and atmospheric pressure of air using a relative rate technique. The rate constants obtained (in units of 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1) were: 1-heptene, 3.86 ± 0.12; 1-octene, 4.14 ± 0.08; 1-nonene, 4.32 ± 0.05; 1-decene, 4.61 ± 0.14; 1-undecene, 4.79 ± 0.11; 1-dodecene, 5.03 ± 0.13; 1-tridecene, 5.09 ± 0.17; 1-tetradecene, 4.96 ± 0.28; E-7-tetradecene, 7.47 ± 0.53; and 2-methyl-1-tridecene, 8.69 ± 0.27, where the indicated errors are two least-squares standard deviations and do not include the uncertainty associated with the rate constant for the reference compound α-pinene. While our rate constants for 1-octene and 1-nonene agree with those at 298 K recently measured using an absolute rate method, our rate constants for 1-decene and 1-undecene are lower by factors of 1.5 and 2.6, respectively. Combined with previous rate constants from this laboratory for the C4–C7 1-alkenes, our data show that the rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals with 1-alkenes increase linearly with increasing carbon number, with the increase per additional CH2 group being a factor of ∼1.4–1.5 higher than that observed in the n-alkane series. The rate constants measured for E-7-tetradecene and 2-methyl-1-tridecene suggest that the increase in rate constant per additional CH2 group ranges from being similar to that in the n-alkanes series to being a factor of ∼2 higher.
Homogenization-lnduced Clustering of Fat Globules in Cream and Model Systems

Abstract Fat globule clustering in cream and model systems was studied. A theory attributing globule binding to sharing of surface-active molecules or particles was proposed and tested. The dependence of cluster integrity on the integrity of the shared surface-active agent was demonstrated. A formula was derived for theoretical calculation of fractional surfactant coverage of globules at the homogenization valve exit. Theorizing that scarcity of shareable surfactant relative to new interface would favor clustering, predictions were made about the clustering response to variables affecting the ratio of interfacial-area coverage to new interface. Experiments on model systems of paraffin oil, homogenized in solutions of polyvinylalcohol or glutaraldehyde-fixed isolated casein micelles, confirmed the theoretical predictions.
Building Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships with a Somali Refugee Community

Background The U.S. has become home to growing numbers of immigrants and refugees from countries where the traditional practice of female genital cutting (FGC) is prevalent. These women under-utilize reproductive health care, and challenge healthcare providers in providing culturally appropriate care. Purpose This study examined Somali immigrant women's experiences with the U.S. healthcare system, exploring how attitudes, perceptions, and cultural values, such as FGC, influence their use of reproductive health care. Methods A mixed-method community-based participatory research (CBPR) collaboration with a Somali refugee community was conducted from 2005 to 2008 incorporating surveys, semi-structured focus groups, and individual interviews. Providers caring for this community were also interviewed to gain their perspectives and experiences. Results The process of establishing a partnership with a Somali community is described wherein the challenges, successes, and lessons learned in the process of conducting CBPR are examined. Challenges obtaining informed consent, language barriers, and reliance on FGC self-report were surmounted through mobilization of community social networks, trust-building, and the use of a video-elicitation device. The community partnership collaborated around shared goals of voicing unique healthcare concerns of the community to inform the development of interventional programs to improve culturally-competent care. Conclusions Community-based participatory research using mixed-methods is critical to facilitating trust-building and engaging community members as active participants in every phase of the research process, enabling the rigorous and ethical conduct of research with refugee communities.
Contact hole etch model

Summary form only given. A linear relation between the center depth and inverse diameter of a contact hole has been derived approximately. This relation was found experimentally for contact holes etched in silicon dioxide and several models for it were computed. The new feature here is the application of Langmuir kinetics with synergistic etching of neutrals and the ions. The neutrals are modeled for molecular flow in a pipe with a sticking coefficient equal to one. This is supported by a recent finding that the etching (nondepositive) neutrals are not adsorbed appreciably on top of the same neutrals on the passivated walls of contact holes etched in silicon dioxide. The ions are modeled simply by a vertical beam since the directed ion energy fluxes at the center of the contact hole fall off slowly with depth. Etch rates for the neutrals and ions are computed from data.
Imaging of postpartum coronary artery's spontaneous dissection treated with stents implantation

A 34-year-old female presented with chest pain 7 days after a caesarean section complicated with severe bleeding and hypertension. Her ECG showed ST-T elevation consistent with an anterior myocardial infarction and elevated Troponin I. Angiography revealed a spontaneous dissection (SD) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), which was treated conservatively in a peripheral hospital. We have not received her angiogram for data confirmation. Over the ensuing 10 days, she progressively developed ischaemic …
Improved tests of relations for baryon isomultiplet splittings

The least well-known octet baryon mass is $M_{\Xi^0} = 1314.9 \pm 0.6$ MeV. The prospect of an improved measurement of its mass by the KTeV experimental program at Fermilab, and opportunities for improvements in charged and excited hyperon and $\Delta$ mass measurements, makes it timely to re-examine descriptions of isospin splittings in baryons containing light quarks. It is possible by examining such relations as the Coleman-Glashow relation $M_n - M_p + M_{\Xi^-} - M_{\Xi^0} = M_{\Sigma^-} - M_{\Sigma^+}$ to distinguish between those models making use of one- or two-body effects involving quarks and those involving genuine three-body effects. A hierarchy based on an expansion in $1/N_c$, where $N_c$ is the number of quark colors, is useful in this respect. The present status of other quark-model mass relations involving $\Lambda - \Sigma^0$ mixing and the baryon decuplet is also noted, and the degree to which one can determine parameters such as quark mass differences and individual electromagnetic contributions to splittings is discussed.
Auxotonic contractions in cardiac muscle segments

The dynamics of segment shortening have been measured in the central regions of isolated papillary muscles during muscle isometric and after-loaded isotonic contractions. Segment lengths are inferred from muscle cross-sectional area using an assumption that the segments remain isovolumic. Area is assessed with a magnetic induction technique. Infused microspheres have been used as visual markers to corroborate the segment length measurement. The results confirm the existence of major segmental shortening during muscle isometric conditions. However, the time course of shortening is not the same as that of force development. Rather, the segments remain shortened until after force has fallen significantly from its peak value. This behavior appears in the force-segment length plane as counterclockwise loops. The relationship of peak force to segment length has been determined and found to depend on the mechanical conditions under which the muscle is equilibrated. These results demonstrate the utility of the new technique and indicate central segment behavior that is substantially different from that observed for the whole muscle.
Effect of Weight on Stability of Masonry Walls

This paper presents a buckling analysis of a masonry or unreinforced concrete wall that possesses no tensile strength. The wall is pinned eccentrically at both ends, and subjected to a compressive line load at the top and the weight as distributed along the height. The governing differential equation is nonlinear and includes terms called spatial delays which require the prediction of the displacement at points different from the point at which the solution is currently sought. The method of solution is finite difference with a polynomial prediction for the delay terms. Interaction curves are presented which illustrate the critical buckling load as a function of the weight. Previously obtained results are presented for comparison wherever appropriate.
Effects of Chronic 60Co (Gamma) Radiation, Dose Rate, Temperature, and Cohabitation on Population Performance of Flour Beetles

This investigation concerned the population dynamics and the possible control of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal and T. castaneum (Herbst) subjected to chronic irradiation. At 3 dose levels of 60Co gamma radiation (24, 49, and 170 R per day) 5 replicate populations of single species (20 pairs in each) and of mixed species (10 pairs of each species) were established in 5 g of food in lucite test tubes. Larvae, pupae, and adults were counted monthly and along with eggs were transferred to new food. Culture conditions were 25 and 32°C in 70–75% relative humidity. In general, at 25°C the single-species reproductive performance, measured as the number of larvae and adults, was impaired by exposure to radiation. Poorest performance appeared at 170 R per day; whereas, 24 and 49 R per day resulted in reduced, but comparable productivity. Larvae were more radiation-sensitive than adults. Numbers of adults reached zero more slowly than larvae at 170 R per day, indicating no adult replacement. Results were accentuated at 32°C. Responses to radiation of mixed- and single-species populations were comparable at 25°C. There was greater survival of larvae and adults in mixed-species populations at 32°C than at 25°C. Data from this experiment showed that 170 R per day dose rate was sufficient to stop larval development; but 49 R per day was not enough to eliminate flour beetle populations. The radiation effects on population performance were attributed to induced genetic aberrations rather than to physiological impairment. The feasibility of implanting radiation sources in a grain storage facility to control insects is discussed.
Polynomial Identities for Matrices

(1975). Polynomial Identities for Matrices. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 82, No. 4, pp. 364-368.
Atomic Layer Deposition of the Quaternary Chalcogenide Cu2ZnSnS4

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a layer-by-layer synthesis method capable of depositing conformal thin films with thickness and compositional control on subnanometer length scales. While many materials have been synthesized by ALD, the technologically important metal sulfides are underexplored, and homogeneous quaternary metal sulfides are absent from the literature. We report an ALD process to synthesize Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), a potentially low cost semiconductor being explored for photovoltaic applications. Two strategies are reported: one in which a trilayer stack of binary metal sulfides (i.e., Cu2S, SnS2 and ZnS) is deposited and mixed by thermal annealing, as well as a supercycle strategy that is similar to the conventional ALD procedure for forming nanolaminates. Both routes rely on the facile solid state diffusion of chalcogenides for mixing. For this ALD route to the CZTS system, the challenges are nucleation, ion-exchange between the film and the volatile chemical precursors, and phase-stability of ...
An oral platelet-activating factor antagonist, Ro-24-4736, protects the rat kidney from ischemic injury

The role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in ischemic acute renal failure was evaluated by administering an oral PAF antagonist (Ro-24-4736) to rats prior to or after interruption of blood flow ...
(The Waters) Between Africa and America: Revelations in Process, Theatrical-Jazz, and Sharon Bridgforth’s River See

Africa and its diaspora in the Americas are separated by a considerably large body of water. But the repertoires of embodied knowledge which traverse what Paul Gilroy has famously called the “Black Atlantic” are traceable, related, mutually constituted. Sharon Bridgforth’s River See provides a productive lens through which to view women’s collective creation in the African diaspora, given this complicated genealogical inheritance. With a mission to make blues stories jazz through the practice of improvisational performance, River See is firmly situated in the Theatrical-Jazz aesthetic whose pioneers are primarily African American women. As this chapter argues, Bridgforth’s work, in dialogue with the ancestral forms she ushers into her contemporary performance (Yoruba ritual, Ring Shout, etc.), challenges the normative tale of collective creation as erupting exclusively, or even primarily, in Euro-American contexts.