cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reseña del cortometraje documental: "Semillas de Guamúchil" (2016)

El censo de la Comision Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indigenas (CDI) afirma que, en 2006, de un total de 214,275 personas encarceladas, 8,767 eran indigenas. De ellos, 8,767 eran hombres y solo 383 mujeres. Este ultimo numero podria parecer bajo, pero no es casualidad. De acuerdo con Aida Hernandez, esta cifra revelaria que muchas mujeres no se reconocen como indigenas debido al racismo y discriminacion a los que se enfrentan (2016:203). Por otra parte, segun datos de la Secretaria de Seguridad Publica, en 2009, del total de mujeres encarceladas en Mexico, 60% se encontraba por delitos contra la salud, es decir, delitos que tienen que ver con narcotrafico (Rodriguez, 2014). Desde que inicio la llamada “Guerra contra el narcotrafico” en 2006, durante el sexenio del expresidente de Mexico Felipe Calderon, las politicas de seguridad nacional incluyeron no solo la militarizacion del pais, sino la criminalizacion de mujeres indigenas, quienes parecieran ser los chivos expiatorios de esta guerra de baja intensidad que hasta la fecha continua. Muchas de las mujeres indigenas encarceladas por este delito eran solo transportistas de droga o, en el caso de que efectivamente fueran vendedoras, las cantidades eran minimas. Otras muchas mujeres encarceladas son inocentes y estan en prision injustamente. Las mujeres encarceladas en Mexico se enfrentan no solo a un sistema de justicia racista sino tambien sexista, en el que los cuerpos son controlados y criminalizados a partir del color de piel y la clase. Es decir, existe una racializacion de los cuerpos que son encarcelados y controlados. Un paisaje y una institucion que marca y encarcela cuerpos especificos, cuerpos que son leidos como desechables. El documental Semillas de guamuchil retrata las voces, historias y rostros de cinco mujeres que estuvieron encarceladas en el Centro de Readaptacion Social (CERESO) de Atlacholoaya, Morelos, por distintos delitos y ahora viven en libertad. En este documental, Martha Elena Bermudez, Marisol “Aguila del mar”, Leo Zavaleta, Alejandra Reynosa y Rosa Salazar, nos comparten sus vivencias en prision, asi como tambien la continuacion de su vida en el presente fuera de la carcel
Unusual electrical conductivity driven by localized stoichiometry modification at vertical epitaxial interfaces

Precise control of lattice mismatch accommodation and interfacial cation diffusion is critical to modulate correlated functionalities in epitaxial heterostructures, particularly when the interface composition is positioned near a compositional phase transition boundary. Here we select La1−xSrxMnO3 (LSMO) as a prototype phase transition oxide and establish vertical epitaxial interfaces with NiO for exploring the strong interplay between strain accommodation, stoichiometry modification, and localized electron transport across the interface. It is found that localized stoichiometry modification overcomes the dead layer problem plaguing LSMO and leads to strongly directional conductivity, as manifested by a more than three orders of magnitude difference between out-of-plane and in-plane conductivity. Comprehensive atomic scale structural characterization and transport measurements reveal that this emerging behavior is created by a compositional change produced by preferential cation diffusion that pushes the LSMO phase transition from insulating into metallic within an ultrathin interface region. This study explores the nature of unusual electrical conductivity at vertical epitaxial interfaces and highlights the beneficial role of controllable cation diffusion that enables emerging functionalities for a broad range of potential applications such as memristors, spintronic devices, and novel nanoelectronic devices using strongly correlated materials.
Mobility-Aware Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Load Models With Geographical Price Variations

We study the traffic patterns as well as the charging patterns of a population of cost-minimizing EV owners traveling and charging within a transportation network equipped with fast charging stations (FCSs). Specifically, we study how the charging network operator (CNO) can influence where EV users charge in order to optimize the utilization of FCSs. These charging decisions of private EV owners affect aggregate congestion at stations (i.e., waiting time) as well as the aggregate EV charging load across the network. In this work, we capture the resulting equilibrium wait times and electricity load through a so-called traffic and charge assignment problem (TCAP) in an FCS network. Our formulation allows us to: 1) study the expected station wait times as well as the probability distribution of aggregate charging load of EVs in an FCS network in a mobility-aware fashion (an aspect unique to our work) while accounting for heterogeneities in users’ travel patterns, energy demands, and geographically variant electricity prices; 2) analytically characterize the special threshold-based structure that determines how EV owners choose where to charge their vehicle at equilibrium, in response to the FCS’s charging price structure, users’ energy demands, and users’ mobility patterns; and 3) provide a convex optimization problem formulation to identify the network’s unique equilibrium. Furthermore, we illustrate how to induce a socially optimal charging behavior by deriving the socially optimal plug-in fees and electricity prices at the charging stations.
Doubly slice odd pretzel knots

We prove that an odd pretzel knot is doubly slice if it has $2n+1$ twist parameters consisting of $n+1$ copies of $a$ and $n$ copies of $-a$ for some odd integer $a$. Combined with the work of Issa and McCoy, it follows that these are the only doubly slice odd pretzel knots.
Cometary Astropause of Mira Revealed in the Far-Infrared

Evolved mass-losing stars such as Mira enrich the interstellar medium (ISM) significantly by their dust-rich molecular wind. When these stars move fast enough relative to the ISM, the interaction between the wind and ISM generates the structure known as the astropause (a stellar analog of the heliopause), which is a cometary stellar wind cavity bounded by the contact discontinuity surface between the wind and ISM. Far-infrared observations of Mira spatially resolve the structure of its astropause for the first time, distinguishing the contact surface between Mira's wind and the ISM and the termination shock due to Mira's wind colliding with the ISM. The physical size of the astropause and the estimated speed of the termination shock suggest the age of the astropause to be about 40,000 yr, confirming a theoretical prediction of the shock re-establishment time after Mira has entered the Local Bubble.
Low-energy observables and general gauge mediation in the MSSM and NMSSM

We study constraints on the general gauge mediation (GGM) parameter space arising from low-energy observables in the MSSM and NMSSM. Specifically, we look at the dependence of the spectra and observables on the correlation function ratios in the hidden sector where supersymmetry is presumably broken. Since these ratios are not a priori constrained by theory, current results from the muon anomalous magnetic moment and flavor physics can potentially provide valuable intuition about allowed possibilities. It is found that the muon anomalous magnetic moment and flavor-physics observables place significant constraints on the GGM parameter space with distinct dependences on the hidden sector correlation function ratios. The particle spectra arising in GGM, with the possibility of different correlation function ratios, is contrasted with common intuition from regular gauge mediation (RGM)schemes(where the ratios are always fixed). Comments are made on precision gauge coupling unification, topography of the NLSP space, correlations of the muon anomalous magnetic moment with other observables, and approximate scaling relations in sparticle masses with respect to the high-scale correlation function ratios.
Cubical rigidification, the cobar construction and the based loop space

We prove the following generalization of a classical result of Adams: for any pointed path-connected topological space ( X , b ) , that is not necessarily simply connected, the cobar construction of the differential graded (dg) coalgebra of normalized singular chains in X with vertices at b is weakly equivalent as a differential graded associative algebra (dga) to the singular chains on the Moore based loop space of X at b . We deduce this statement from several more general categorical results of independent interest. We construct a functor ℭ □ c from simplicial sets to categories enriched over cubical sets with connections, which, after triangulation of their mapping spaces, coincides with Lurie’s rigidification functor ℭ from simplicial sets to simplicial categories. Taking normalized chains of the mapping spaces of ℭ □ c yields a functor Λ from simplicial sets to dg categories which is the left adjoint to the dg nerve functor. For any simplicial set S with S 0 = { x } , Λ ( S ) ( x , x ) is a dga isomorphic to Ω Q Δ ( S ) , the cobar construction on the dg coalgebra Q Δ ( S ) of normalized chains on S . We use these facts to show that Q Δ sends categorical equivalences between simplicial sets to maps of connected dg coalgebras which induce quasi-isomorphisms of dgas under the cobar functor, which is strictly stronger than saying the resulting dg coalgebras are quasi-isomorphic.
Weak Z -structures for some classes of groups

Motivated by the usefulness of boundaries in the study of ‐hyperbolic and CAT(0) groups, Bestvina introduced a general axiomatic approach to group boundaries, with a goal of extending the theory and application of boundaries to larger classes of groups. The key definition is that of a “Z ‐structure” on a group G . These Z ‐ structures, along with several variations, have been studied and existence results have been obtained for a variety of new classes of groups. Still, relatively little is known about the general question of which groups admit any of the various Z ‐structures; aside from the (easy) fact that any such G must have type F, ie, G must admit a finite K.G;1/. In fact, Bestvina has asked whether every type F group admits a Z ‐structure or at least a “weak” Z ‐structure. In this paper we prove some general existence theorems for weak Z ‐structures. The main results are as follows. Theorem A If G is an extension of a nontrivial type F group by a nontrivial type F group, then G admits a weak Z ‐structure. Theorem B If G admits a finite K.G;1/ complex K such that the G ‐action on z K
Preparation of an exciton condensate of photons on a 53-qubit quantum computer

The authors prepare highly entangled quantum states on a 53-qubit IBM quantum computer, which are viewed as ground-state exciton condensates composed of photon particles and holes.
On closed graphs, II

A graph is closed when its vertices have a labeling by [n] with a certain property first discovered in the study of binomial edge ideals. In this article, we explore various aspects of closed graphs, including the number of closed labelings and clustering coefficients.
ALFVÉN-WAVE TURBULENCE AND PERPENDICULAR ION TEMPERATURES IN CORONAL HOLES

Low-frequency Alfven-wave turbulence causes ion trajectories to become chaotic, or stochastic, when the turbulence amplitude is sufficiently large. Stochastic orbits enable ions to absorb energy from the turbulence, increasing the perpendicular ion temperature T ⊥i even when the fluctuation frequencies are too small for a cyclotron resonance to occur. In this paper, an analytic expression for the stochastic heating rate is used in conjunction with an observationally constrained turbulence model to obtain an analytic formula for T ⊥i as a function of heliocentric distance r, ion mass, and ion charge in coronal holes at 2 R ☉ r 15 R ☉. The resulting temperature profiles provide a good fit to observations of protons and O+5 ions at 2 R ☉ r 3 R ☉ from the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS). Stochastic heating also offers a natural explanation for several detailed features of the UVCS observations, including the preferential and anisotropic heating of minor ions, the rapid radial increase in the O+5 temperature between 1.6 R ☉ and 1.9 R ☉, and the abrupt flattening of the O+5 temperature profile as r increases above 1.9 R ☉.
Morpheus: A Deep Learning Framework For Pixel-Level Analysis of Astronomical Image Data

We present Morpheus, a new model for generating pixel-level morphological classifications of astronomical sources. Morpheus leverages advances in deep learning to perform source detection, source segmentation, and morphological classification pixel-by-pixel via a semantic segmentation algorithm adopted from the field of computer vision. By utilizing morphological information about the flux of real astronomical sources during object detection, Morpheus shows resiliency to false-positive identifications of sources. We evaluate Morpheus by performing source detection, source segmentation, morphological classification on the Hubble Space Telescope data in the five CANDELS fields with a focus on the GOODS South field, and demonstrate a high completeness in recovering known GOODS South 3D-HST sources with H < 26 AB. We release the code publicly, provide online demonstrations, and present an interactive visualization of the Morpheus results in GOODS South.
N = 1 supercurrents of eleven-dimensional supergravity

Eleven-dimensional supergravity can be formulated in superspaces locally of the form X × Y where X is 4D N = 1 conformal superspace and Y is an arbitrary 7-manifold admitting a G2-structure. The eleven-dimensional 3-form and the stable 3-form on Y define the lowest component of a gauge superfield on X × Y that is chiral as a superfield on X. This chiral field is part of a tensor hierarchy giving rise to a superspace Chern-Simons action and its real field strength defines a lifting of the Hitchin functional on Y to the G2 superspace X × Y . These terms are those of lowest order in a superspace Noether expansion in seven N = 1 conformal gravitino superfields Ψ. In this paper, we compute the O(Ψ) action to all orders in the remaining fields. The eleven-dimensional origin of the resulting non-linear structures is parameterized by the choice of a complex spinor on Y encoding the off-shell 4D N = 1 subalgebra of the eleven-dimensional super-Poincare algebra.
Interpolating Hodge–Tate and de Rham periods

We study the interpolation of Hodge–Tate and de Rham periods over rigid analytic families of Galois representations. Given a Galois representation on a coherent locally free sheaf over a reduced rigid space and a bounded range of weights, we obtain a stratification of this space by locally closed subvarieties where the Hodge–Tate and bounded de Rham periods (within this range) as well as 1-cocycles form locally free sheaves. We also prove strong vanishing results for higher cohomology. Together, these results give a simultaneous generalization of results of Sen, Kisin, and Berger–Colmez. The main result has been applied by Varma in her proof of geometricity of Harris–Lan–Taylor–Thorne Galois representations as well as in several works of Ding.
Guided matter wave inertial sensing in a miniature physics package

We describe an ultra-compact ( ∼ 10 cm3 physics package) inertial sensor based on atomic matter waves that are guided within an optical lattice during almost the entire interferometer cycle. We demonstrate a large momentum transfer of up to 8 ℏ k photon momentum with a combination of Bragg pulses and Bloch oscillations with scalability to larger numbers of photons. Between momentum transfer steps, we maintain the atoms in a co-moving optical lattice waveguide so that the atoms are in free space only during the Bragg pulses. Our guided matter wave approach paves the way for atomic inertial sensing in dynamic environments in which untrapped atoms would otherwise quickly collide with the walls of a miniature chamber.
Calibration of free-space and fiber-coupled single-photon detectors.

We present our measurements of the detection efficiency of free-space and fiber-coupled single-photon detectors at wavelengths near 851 nm and 1533.6 nm. We investigate the spatial uniformity of one free-space-coupled silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) and present a comparison between fusion-spliced and connectorized fiber-coupled single-photon detectors. We find that our expanded relative uncertainty for a single measurement of the detection efficiency is as low as 0.7 % for fiber-coupled measurements at 1533.6 nm and as high as 1.8 % for our free-space characterization at 851.8 nm.
Revised uncertainties in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) explores the first few minutes of nuclei formation during the Big Bang. We present updated 2σ for the abundances of the four primary light nuclides — D, 3He, 4He, and 7Li — in BBN. A modified standard BBN code was used in a Monte Carlo analysis of the nucleosynthesis uncertainties as a function of the baryon-to-photon ratio. Reaction rates were updated to those of NACRE, REACLIB, and R-Matrix calculations. The results were then used to derive a new constraint on the effective number of neutrinos.
Possible Detection of Baryonic Fluctuations in the Large-Scale Structure Power Spectrum

We present a joint analysis of the power spectra of density fluctuations from three independent cosmological redshift surveys: the IRAS Point Source redshift catalog (PSCz) galaxy survey, the Automated Plate Measuring Machine (APM) galaxy cluster catalog, and the Abell/ACO cluster survey. Over the range 0.03 h Mpc-1 ≤ k ≤ 0.15 h Mpc-1, the amplitudes of these three power spectra are related through a simple linear-biasing model with b = 1.5 and b = 3.6 for Abell/ACO versus APM and Abell/ACO versus PSCz, respectively. Furthermore, the shape of these power spectra are remarkably similar despite the fact that they are comprised of significantly different objects (individual galaxies through to rich clusters). Individually, each of these surveys shows visible evidence for "valleys" in their power spectra—i.e., departures from a smooth featureless spectrum—at similar wavenumbers. We use a newly developed statistical technique called the false discovery rate to show that these valleys are statistically significant. One favored cosmological explanation for such features in the power spectrum is the presence of a nonnegligible baryon fraction (Ωb) in the universe, which causes acoustic oscillations in the transfer function of adiabatic inflationary models. We have performed a maximum likelihood marginalization over four important cosmological parameters of this model (Ωm, Ωb, ns, and H0). We use a prior on H0 = 69 ± 15 and find Ωmh2 = 0.12, Ωbh2 = 0.029, and ns = 1.08 (2 σ confidence limits), which are fully consistent with the favored values of these cosmological parameters from the recent cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. This agreement strongly suggests that we have detected baryonic oscillations in the power spectrum of matter at a level expected from a cold dark matter model normalized to fit these CMB measurements.
SPOON-FEEDING GIANT STARS TO SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES: EPISODIC MASS TRANSFER FROM EVOLVING STARS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE QUIESCENT ACTIVITY OF GALACTIC NUCLEI

Stars may be tidally disrupted if, in a single orbit, they are scattered too close to a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Tidal disruption events are thought to power luminous but short-lived accretion episodes that can light up otherwise quiescent SMBHs in transient flares. Here we explore a more gradual process of tidal stripping where stars approach the tidal disruption radius by stellar evolution while in an eccentric orbit. After the onset of mass transfer, these stars episodically transfer mass to the SMBH every pericenter passage, giving rise to low-level flares that repeat on the orbital timescale. Giant stars, in particular, will exhibit a runaway response to mass loss and "spoon-feed" material to the black hole for tens to hundreds of orbital periods. In contrast to full tidal disruption events, the duty cycle of this feeding mode is of order unity for black holes M bh 107 M ☉. This mode of quasi-steady SMBH feeding is competitive with indirect SMBH feeding through stellar winds, and spoon-fed giant stars may play a role in determining the quiescent luminosity of local SMBHs.
Synthesis of Parallel Synchronous Software

In typical embedded applications, the precise execution time of the program does not matter and it is sufficient to meet a real-time deadline. However, modern applications in information security have become much more time-sensitive due to the risk of timing side-channel leakage. The timing of such programs needs to be data-independent and precise. We describe a parallel synchronous software model, which executes as $N$ parallel threads on a processor with word-length $N$ . Each thread is a single-bit synchronous machine with precise, contention-free timing, while each of the $N$ threads still executes as an independent machine. The resulting software supports fine-grained parallel execution. In contrast to earlier work to obtain precise and repeatable timing in software, our solution does not require modifications to the processor architecture nor specialized instruction scheduling techniques. In addition, all threads run in parallel and without contention, which eliminates the problem of thread scheduling. We use hardware (HDL) semantics to describe a thread as a single-bit synchronous machine. Using logic synthesis and code generation, we derive a parallel synchronous implementation of this design. We illustrate the synchronous parallel programming model with practical examples from cryptography and other applications with precise timing requirements.
Relativistic plasma physics in supercritical fields

Since the invention of chirped pulse amplification, which was recognized by a Nobel Prize in physics in 2018, there has been a continuing increase in available laser intensity. Combined with advances in our understanding of the kinetics of relativistic plasma, studies of laser–plasma interactions are entering a new regime where the physics of relativistic plasmas is strongly affected by strong-field quantum electrodynamics (QED) processes, including hard photon emission and electron–positron (e−–e+) pair production. This coupling of quantum emission processes and relativistic collective particle dynamics can result in dramatically new plasma physics phenomena, such as the generation of dense e−–e+ pair plasma from near vacuum, complete laser energy absorption by QED processes, or the stopping of an ultra-relativistic electron beam, which could penetrate a cm of lead, by a hair's breadth of laser light. In addition to being of fundamental interest, it is crucial to study this new regime to understand the next generation of ultra-high intensity laser-matter experiments and their resulting applications, such as high energy ion, electron, positron, and photon sources for fundamental physics studies, medical radiotherapy, and next generation radiography for homeland security and industry.
Practical Attacks Against Graph-based Clustering

Graph modeling allows numerous security problems to be tackled in a general way, however, little work has been done to understand their ability to withstand adversarial attacks. We design and evaluate two novel graph attacks against a state-of-the-art network-level, graph-based detection system. Our work highlights areas in adversarial machine learning that have not yet been addressed, specifically: graph-based clustering techniques, and a global feature space where realistic attackers without perfect knowledge must be accounted for (by the defenders) in order to be practical. Even though less informed attackers can evade graph clustering with low cost, we show that some practical defenses are possible.
ON THE FROHMAN KANIA-BARTOSZYNSKA IDEAL

The Frohman Kania-Bartoszynska ideal is an invariant associated to a 3-manifold with boundary and a prime p� 5. We give some estimates of this ideal. We also calculate this invariant for some 3-manifolds constructed by doing surgery on a knot in the complement of another knot. Frohman and Kania-Bartoszynska actually made this definition using the SU(2) theory in place of the SO(3) theory used here. If we replace Ip in the above definition with I2p (in the sense of (MR)) and replace Z(�p) with Z(�8p), then we obtain the ideal invariant of (FK) exactly. They gave some interesting examples of punctured 3-manifolds that could not embed in other 3-manifolds, even though this is not ruled out by homology or homotopy type. We remark that results for punctured 3-manifolds follow immediately from the fact that quantum invariants of closed 3-manifolds are multiplicative under connect sum and do not require the structure of a TQFT. They were able to show that the ideal invariant, associated to a certain Turaev-Viro invariant, was non-trivial for the union of two solid tori glued together by identifying neighborhoods of (2,1) curves on their boundary. This is a 3-manifold with boundary a torus and first homology Z ⊕ Z2. We also recover this estimate in Remark 16.
Actuation of thin nematic elastomer sheets with controlled heterogeneity

Nematic elastomers and glasses deform spontaneously when subjected to temperature changes. This property can be exploited in the design of heterogeneously patterned thin sheets that deform into a non-trivial shape when heated or cooled. In this paper, we start from a variational formulation for the entropic elastic energy of liquid crystal elastomers and we derive an effective two-dimensional metric constraint, which links the deformation and the heterogeneous director field. Our main results show that satisfying the metric constraint is both necessary and sufficient for the deformation to be an approximate minimizer of the energy. We include several examples which show that the class of deformations satisfying the metric constraint is quite rich.
Four-dimensional wall-crossing via three-dimensional field theory

We give a physical explanation of the Kontsevich-Soibelman wall-crossing formula for the BPS spectrum in Seiberg-Witten theories. In the process we give an exact description of the BPS instanton corrections to the hyperkahler metric of the moduli space of the theory on \({\mathbb R^3 \times S^1}\). The wall-crossing formula reduces to the statement that this metric is continuous. Our construction of the metric uses a four-dimensional analogue of the two-dimensional tt* equations.
Transverse Momentum Spectra at Threshold for Groomed Heavy Quark Jets

We present the transverse momentum spectrum for a heavy hadron at threshold in a groomed jet initiated by a heavy quark. The cross section is doubly differential in the energy fraction of an identified heavy hadron in the jet and its transverse momentum measured with respect to the groomed (recoil free) jet axis. The grooming is implemented using a soft-drop grooming algorithm and helps us in mitigating the effects of Non-Global logarithms and pile up. For the particular case of a B meson, we identify two distinct regimes of the transverse momentum spectrum and develop an EFT within the formalisms of Soft Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) and Heavy Quark Effective Theory (HQET) for each of these regions. We show how each region can be matched smoothly into the other to provide a prediction for the perturbative transverse momentum spectrum. The EFT also predicts the scaling behavior of the leading non-perturbative power corrections and implements a simple shape function to account for hadronization. We work in the threshold region where the heavy hadron carries most of the energy of the jet since in this regime, we have a very good discriminating power between heavy quark and gluon initiated jets. We observe that the shape of the spectrum is independent of the energy of the jet over a large range of transverse momentum. We propose that this spectrum can be used as a probe of evolution for heavy quark TMD fragmentation function. At the same time, it can be treated as a jet substructure observable for probing Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP).
Neurobiologically Inspired Control of Engineered Flapping Flight

This paper presents a new control approach and a dynamic model for engineered flapping flight with many interacting degrees of freedom. This paper explores the applications of neurobiologically inspired control systems in the form of central pattern generators to control flapping-flight dynamics. A rigorous mathematical and control theoretic framework to design complex three-dimensional wing motions is presented based on phase synchronization of nonlinear oscillators. In particular, we show that flapping-flying dynamics without a tail or traditional aerodynamic control surfaces can be effectively controlled by a reduced set of central pattern generator parameters that generate phase-synchronized or symmetry-breaking oscillatory motions of two main wings. Furthermore, by using Hopf bifurcation, we show that tailless aircraft alternating between flapping and gliding can be effectively stabilized by smooth wing motions driven by the central pattern generator network. Results of numerical simulation with a full six-degree-of-freedom flight dynamic model validate the effectiveness of the proposed neurobiologically inspired control approach.
Quantifying the power of multiple event interpretations

A number of methods have been proposed recently which exploit multiple highly-correlated interpretations of events, or of jets within an event. For example, Qjets reclusters a jet multiple times and telescoping jets uses multiple cone sizes. Previous work has employed these methods in pseudo-experimental analyses and found that, with a simplified statistical treatment, they give sizable improvements over traditional methods. In this paper, the improvement gain from multiple event interpretations is explored with methods much closer to those used in real experiments. To this end, we derive and study a generalized extended maximum likelihood procedure, and find that using multiple jet radii can provide substantial benefit over a single radius in fitting procedures. Another major concern we address is that multiple event interpretations might be exploiting similar information to that already present in the standard kinematic variables. We perform multivariate analyses (boosted decision trees) on a set of standard kinematic variables, a single observable computed with several different cone sizes, and both sets combined. We find that using multiple radii is still helpful even on top of standard kinematic variables (providing a 12% improvement at low p T and 20% at high p T ). These results suggest that including multiple event interpretations in a realistic search for Higgs to $$ b\overline{b} $$ would give additional sensitivity over traditional approaches.
Drive-Net: Convolutional Network for Driver Distraction Detection

To help prevent motor vehicle accidents, there has been significant interest in finding an automated method to recognize signs of driver distraction, such as talking to passengers, fixing hair and makeup, eating and drinking, and using a mobile phone. In this paper, we present an automated supervised learning method called Drive-Net for driver distraction detection. Drive-Net uses a combination of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a random decision forest for classifying images of a driver. We compare the performance of our proposed Drive-Net to two other popular machine-learning approaches: a recurrent neural network (RNN), and a multi-layer perceptron (MLP). We test the methods on a publicly available database of images acquired under a controlled environment containing about 22425 images manually annotated by an expert. Results show that Drive-Net achieves a detection accuracy of 95%, which is 2% more than the best results obtained on the same database using other methods.
Adversarial Semantic Collisions

We study \emph{semantic collisions}: texts that are semantically unrelated but judged as similar by NLP models. We develop gradient-based approaches for generating semantic collisions and demonstrate that state-of-the-art models for many tasks which rely on analyzing the meaning and similarity of texts\textemdash including paraphrase identification, document retrieval, response suggestion, and extractive summarization\textemdash are vulnerable to semantic collisions. For example, given a target query, inserting a crafted collision into an irrelevant document can shift its retrieval rank from 1000 to top 3. We show how to generate semantic collisions that evade perplexity-based filtering and discuss other potential mitigations. Our code is available at \url{https://github.com/csong27/collision-bert}.
SPECTRA OF RADIATION EMITTED FROM OPEN-ENDED AND CLOSED CARBON NANOTUBES EXPOSED TO MICROWAVE FIELDS

We performed experiments in which both open-ended and closed carbon nanotubes were exposed to 2.46 GHz microwaves over the course of several irradiation and cooling cycles at a pressure of ~ 10-6 torr. The spectra of the radiation emitted from the nanotubes indicate that the intensity of the emitted radiation with wavelengths of 650–1000 nm increased during the irradiation cycles. However, the intensity of the radiation emitted from untreated nanotubes increased substantially more than the intensity of the radiation emitted from nanotubes that had been chemically treated in order to open nanotube ends. As open-ended nanotubes have a lower work function than closed nanotubes, and as nanotube ends are known to open as they are heated, our results suggest that the mechanism responsible for the emission of infrared, visible and ultraviolet radiation from carbon nanotubes exposed to microwaves is field emission-induced luminescence.
Finding Gravitational Lenses with X-Rays

Distant galaxies produce ~1, 0.1, and 0.01 gravitationally lensed X-ray sources per square degree with soft X-ray fluxes exceeding 10-15, 10-14, and 10-13 ergs s-1 cm-2, respectively. These sources will be detected serendipitously with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory at a rate of one to three lenses per year of high-resolution imaging. The low detection rate is due to the small area over which the High Resolution Camera and AXAF CCD Imaging Spectrometer instruments have the smaller than 15 FWHM resolution necessary to find gravitational lenses produced by galaxies. Deep images of rich clusters at intermediate redshifts should yield one wide separation (Δθ 50) multiply imaged background X-ray source for every ~10, 30, and 300 clusters imaged to the same flux limits.
Counting Fixed Points, Two-Cycles, and Collisions of the Discrete Exponential Function Using P-Adic Methods

Brizolis asked for which primes p greater than 3 there exists a pair (g,h) such that h is a fixed point of the discrete exponential map with base g, or equivalently h is a fixed point of the discrete logarithm with base g. Various authors have contributed to the understanding of this problem. In this paper, we use p-adic methods, primarily Hensel’s lemma and p-adic interpolation, to count fixed points, two-cycles, collisions, and solutions to related equations modulo powers of a prime p.
Rescuing the Born Rule for Quantum Cosmology

Page has recently argued that the Born rule does not suffice for computing all probabilities in quantum cosmology. He further asserts that the Born rule's failure gives rise to the cosmological measure problem. Here I contend that Page's result stems from his use of an overly restrictive definition of the Born rule. In particular, I demonstrate that all of the probabilities he wishes to compute follow from the Born rule when generalized measurements are permitted. I also register two comments on Page's theoretical setting, relating respectively to Hilbert space dimensionality and permutation symmetry. These considerations lead me to conclude that the claimed insufficiency of the Born rule is by no means specific to the cosmological context.
HADRONIC INTERACTIONS, PRECOCIOUS UNIFICATION, AND COSMIC RAY SHOWERS AT AUGER ENERGIES

At Auger energies only model predictions enable us to extract primary cosmic ray features. The simulation of the shower evolution depends sensitively on the first few interactions, necessarily related to the quality of our understanding of high energy hadronic collisions. Distortions of the standard "soft semi-hard" scenario include novel large compact dimensions and a string or quantum gravity scale not far above the electroweak scale. Naively, the additional degrees of freedom yield unification of all forces in the TeV range. In this letter we study the influence of such precocious unification during atmospheric cascade developments by analyzing the most relevant observables in-proton induced showers.
Kummer theory of abelian varieties and reductions of Mordell{Weil groups

Let A be an abelian variety over a number field F with End(A/F) commutative. Let S be a subgroup of A(F) and let x be a point of A(F). Suppose that for almost all places v of F the reduction of x modulo v lies in the reduction of S modulo v. In this paper we prove that x must then lie in S + A(F)_tors. This provides a partial answer to a generalization (due to W. Gajda) of the support problem of Erdos.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE OPTICAL SUBSTRUCTURE OF GALAXY CLUSTERS HOSTING RADIO SOURCES

Using radio sources from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm survey, and optical counterparts in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we have identified a large number of galaxy clusters. The radio sources within these clusters are driven by active galactic nuclei, and our cluster samples include clusters with bent, and straight, double-lobed radio sources. We also included a single-radio-component comparison sample. We examine these galaxy clusters for evidence of optical substructure, testing the possibility that bent double-lobed radio sources are formed as a result of large-scale cluster mergers. We use a suite of substructure analysis tools to determine the location and extent of substructure visible in the optical distribution of cluster galaxies, and compare the rates of substructure in clusters with different types of radio sources. We found no preference for significant substructure in clusters hosting bent double-lobed radio sources compared to those with other types of radio sources.
Exploiting data representation for fault tolerance

Abstract Incorrect computer hardware behavior may corrupt intermediate computations in numerical algorithms, possibly resulting in incorrect answers. Prior work models misbehaving hardware by randomly flipping bits in memory. We start by accepting this premise, and present an analytic model for the error introduced by a bit flip in an IEEE 754 floating-point number. We then relate this finding to the linear algebra concepts of normalization and matrix equilibration. In particular, we present a case study illustrating that normalizing both vector inputs of a dot product minimizes the probability of a single bit flip causing a large error in the dot product's result. Furthermore, the absolute error is either less than one or very large, which allows detection of large errors. Then, we apply this to the GMRES iterative solver. We count all possible errors that can be introduced through faults in arithmetic in the computationally intensive orthogonalization phase of GMRES, and show that when the matrix is equilibrated, the absolute error is bounded above by one.
First Results from the Disk Eclipse Search with KELT (DESK) Survey

Using time-series photometry from the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) exoplanet survey, we are looking for eclipses of stars by their protoplanetary disks, specifically in young stellar associations. To date, we have discovered two previously unknown, large dimming events around the young stars RW Aurigae and V409 Tau. We attribute the dimming of RW Aurigae to an occultation by its tidally disrupted disk, with the disruption perhaps resulting from a recent flyby of its binary companion. Even with the dynamical environment of RW Aurigae, the distorted disk material remains very compact and presumably capable of forming planets. This system also shows that strong binary interactions with disks can also influence planet and core composition by stirring up and mixing materials during planet formation. We interpret the dimming of V409 Tau to be due to a feature, possibly a warp or perturbation, lying at least 10 AU from the host star in its nearly edge-on circumstellar disk.
Machine learning for faster and smarter fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful technique in biomedical research that uses the fluorophore decay rate to provide additional contrast in fluorescence microscopy. However, at present, the calculation, analysis, and interpretation of FLIM is a complex, slow, and computationally expensive process. Machine learning (ML) techniques are well suited to extract and interpret measurements from multi-dimensional FLIM data sets with substantial improvement in speed over conventional methods. In this topical review, we first discuss the basics of FILM and ML. Second, we provide a summary of lifetime extraction strategies using ML and its applications in classifying and segmenting FILM images with higher accuracy compared to conventional methods. Finally, we discuss two potential directions to improve FLIM with ML with proof of concept demonstrations.
Cosmic Rays in the Milky Way and Beyond.

Abstract Cosmic rays (CRs) are the probes of the deep space. They allow us to study particle acceleration, chemical composition of the interstellar medium, and global properties of our Galaxy. However, until recently studies of CRs were similar to astronomical observations with blurred lenses that capture only the integral brightness of all stars in the field of view. Thanks to the recent technological developments, our “lenses” are now capable of capturing sharp images and making precise measurements of all CR species. We have a full range of unique instrumentation for direct measurements of CRs in space and for multi-wavelength observations of their emissions and more missions are coming. The unveiling picture is astonishing. This paper gives a short overview of very exciting developments in astrophysics of CRs in the Milky Way and in other star-forming galaxies.
Adaptive Probabilistic Vehicle Trajectory Prediction Through Physically Feasible Bayesian Recurrent Neural Network

Probabilistic vehicle trajectory prediction is essential for robust safety of autonomous driving. Current methods for long-term trajectory prediction cannot guarantee the physical feasibility of predicted distribution. Moreover, their models cannot adapt to the driving policy of the predicted target human driver. In this work, we propose to overcome these two shortcomings by a Bayesian recurrent neural network model consisting of Bayesian-neural-network-based policy model and known physical model of the scenario. Bayesian neural network can ensemble complicated output distribution, enabling rich family of trajectory distribution. The embedded physical model ensures feasibility of the distribution. Moreover, the adopted gradient-based training method allows direct optimization for better performance in long prediction horizon. Furthermore, a particle-filter-based parameter adaptation algorithm is designed to adapt the policy Bayesian neural network to the predicted target online. Effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified with a toy example with multi-modal stochastic feedback gain and naturalistic car following data.
A change of rings result for Matlis reflexivity

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring and E the minimal injective cogenerator of the category of R-modules. An R-module M is (Matlis) reflexive if the natural evaluation map M−→HomR(HomR(M,E), E) is an isomorphism. We prove that if S is a multiplicatively closed subset of R and M is a reflexive R-module, then M is a reflexive RS-module. The converse holds when S is the complement of the union of finitely many nonminimal primes of R, but fails in general.
Latent Bandits Revisited

A latent bandit problem is one in which the learning agent knows the arm reward distributions conditioned on an unknown discrete latent state. The primary goal of the agent is to identify the latent state, after which it can act optimally. This setting is a natural midpoint between online and offline learning---complex models can be learned offline with the agent identifying latent state online---of practical relevance in, say, recommender systems. In this work, we propose general algorithms for this setting, based on both upper confidence bounds (UCBs) and Thompson sampling. Our methods are contextual and aware of model uncertainty and misspecification. We provide a unified theoretical analysis of our algorithms, which have lower regret than classic bandit policies when the number of latent states is smaller than actions. A comprehensive empirical study showcases the advantages of our approach.
Radiative association of atomic and ionic carbon

We present calculated cross sections and rate coefficients for the formation of the dicarbon cation (C$_2^+$) by the radiative association process in collisions of a C$(^3P)$ atom and a C$^+(^2P^o)$ ion. Molecular structure calculations for a number of low-lying doublet and quartet states of C$_2^+$ are used to obtain the potential energy surfaces and transition dipole moments coupling the states of interest, substantially increasing the available molecular data for C$_2^+$. Using a quantum-mechanical method, we explore a number of allowed transitions and determine those contributing to the radiative association process. The calculations extend the available data for this process down to the temperature of 100 K, where the rate coefficient is found to be about $2\times 10^{-18}$ cm$^3$/s. We provide analytical fits suitable for incorporation into astrochemical reaction databases.
Quantifying the non-equilibrium activity of an active colloid.

Active matter systems exhibit rich emergent behavior due to constant injection and dissipation of energy at the level of individual agents. Since these systems are far from equilibrium, their dynamics and energetics cannot be understood using the framework of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Recent developments in stochastic thermodynamics extend classical concepts of work, heat, and energy dissipation to fluctuating non-equilibrium systems. We use recent advances in experiment and theory to study the non-thermal dissipation of individual light-activated self-propelled colloidal particles. We focus on characterizing the transition from thermal to non-thermal fluctuations and show that energy dissipation rates on the order of ∼kBT s−1 are measurable from finite time series data.
An algorithm for enumerating difference sets

The DifSets package for GAP implements an algorithm for enumerating all difference sets in a group up to equivalence and provides access to a library of results. The algorithm functions by finding difference sums, which are potential images of difference sets in quotient groups of the original group, and searching their preimages. In this way, the search space can be dramatically decreased, and searches of groups of relatively large order (such as order 64 or order 96) can be completed.
Spectral gaps of frustration-free spin systems with boundary

In quantum many-body systems, the existence of a spectral gap above the ground state has far-reaching consequences. In this paper, we discuss “finite-size” criteria for having a spectral gap in frustration-free spin systems and their applications. We extend a criterion that was originally developed for periodic systems by Knabe and Gosset-Mozgunov to systems with a boundary. Our finite-size criterion says that if the spectral gaps at linear system size n exceed an explicit threshold of order n−3/2, then the whole system is gapped. The criterion takes into account both “bulk gaps” and “edge gaps” of the finite system in a precise way. The n−3/2 scaling is robust: it holds in 1D and 2D systems on arbitrary lattices and with arbitrary finite-range interactions. One application of our results is to give a rigorous foundation to the folklore that 2D frustration-free models cannot host chiral edge modes (whose finite-size spectral gap would scale like n−1).