cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LMO7-null mice exhibit phenotypes consistent with emery-dreifuss muscular dystrophy

Introduction: Mutations in the inner nuclear envelope protein emerin cause Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), which is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle wasting, cardiac conduction defects, and tendon contractures. We previously showed that emerin binds directly to the transcription regulator Lmo7 and attenuates its activity to regulate the proper temporal expression of important myogenic differentiation genes. Methods: The skeletal muscle and cardiac phenotypes were analyzed in a newly generated Lmo7-null mouse using histological analysis, echocardiography, and various neuromuscular tests to determine if Lmo7 was important for skeletal muscle and cardiac function. Results: Lmo7-null mice had growth retardation, decreased fiber size, and impaired skeletal muscle and cardiac function. Lmo7-null mice also had lower levels of phosphorylated retinoblastoma (Rb), extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which is consistent with altered Rb and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that loss of Lmo7 in mice causes myopathic phenotypes similar to those seen in other EDMD mouse models. Muscle Nerve 51: 222–228, 2015
Seeking God in the Old Testament

EVENTS in the last three decades have reversed the trend among biblical scholars and theologians, who after emancipation from narrow traditionalism were headed toward an optimistic humanism. The so-called Platonic equation of knowledge with righteousness was discredited and it was pointed out that man, if left to himself, would not choose the good, the true, and the beautiful. The social gospeler was held up to scorn by the newly enlightened theologian and the cynical press called him a do-gooder or a bleeding heart. The liberal in politics has been discredited by the tough-minded realist and the liberal in theology has been brushed aside by a younger generation. In some influential circles to brand a teacher in the field of religion as a liberal is to classify him as a fossil remnant of an outmoded futility. So the emphasis has shifted from man to God. It is God who acts, we are told, and man, who is the creature of God, can do nothing but hope for the best when he is confronted. The happy liberals of a past generation, who defined religion as man's search for God, are put into the discard and we learn that no amount of searching will do any good unless God chooses the individual. And the proponents of this doctrine of election are not confined to those in the tradition of Augustine and Calvin, but can be found in chairs and pulpits of denominations which a generation or two ago were Arminian. With my distinctly Calvinistic upbringing and affiliation I have no trouble with the doctrine of election or predestination. But when I am told that salvation is entirely an act of God and that man's efforts toward justice and decency and righteousness are of no avail and that his good works are useless, I am not quite convinced. Moreover, when I am told that this is biblical theology, I wonder what is meant by biblical theology, which I believe has not yet been defined to the satisfaction of all who
Characteristics of dermal invasion in experimental cutaneous candidiasis of leucopenic mice

The course of experimental cutaneous Candida albicans infections produced in mice made leucopenic by the administration of cyclophosphamide was compared to that in untreated animals. In the latter, neutrophils characteristically infiltrated the area of infection and the organisms were virtually always confined to the epidermis. However, even thought many fewer foci of infection were associated with neutrophils in the cyclophosphamide-treated animals, a majority of these foci were also unable to penetrate past the epidermis. although Candida yeast proliferated relatively poorly when cultured in homogenates of skin lacking the epidermis, Candida pseudohyphae could invade into the dermis if inoculated skin was isolated form normal animals and cultured in vitro or if the epidermis was removed by gentle scraping prior to inoculation with Candida yeast onto the remaining skin of leucopenic animals. Therefore, in the absence of neutrophil contact and killing of Candida pseudohyphae in the epidermis, other cutaneous defense mechanisms appear to be capable of preventing invasion of a majority organisms into the dermis. These findings may help to explain why deep Candida infections are rare in patients who have extensive superficial candidiasis.
Molecular weight distribution of hydrolysis products during the biodegradation of model macromolecules in suspended and biofilm cultures. II. Dextran and dextrin

Abstract To improve wastewater treatment models, it is important to consider that wastewater is composed of a variety of complex molecules, many molecules having large molecular weights. Previous experiments have shown that hydrolytic enzymes are cell-associated and that hydrolytic fragments accumulate in bulk solution during the degradation of a model polysaccharide (dextran) in pure culture. These results indicate that incompletely hydrolyzed macromolecules are released into solution prior to their complete degradation. The authors wanted to determine whether the release of incompletely degraded molecules was specific to dextran degradation by pure cultures or whether it could be generalized to mixed culture systems and the degradation of other polysaccharides. To accomplish this, both pure and mixed (wastewater) cultures were used to examine the degradation of dextran and another macromolecular polysaccharide, dextrin, in batch suspended culture, continuous suspended culture and fixed-film reactor systems. Membrane ultrafiltration was used to monitor the molecular weight distribution of polysaccharides in solution during degradation. In all reactor configurations, and for all substrates and inocula investigated, small-molecular-weight (
Mining attribute association in query predicates for access path generation

This paper presents a framework to mine query predicates from query patterns in order to produce candidate attributes from query predicates for index generation and access path selection. Query predicates are query conditions or constraints involving tables to be accessed and values of attributes or columns to be retrieved in the format of the tuples or objects. Access path and its auxiliary data structures determine how data tuples and objects to be retrieved efficiently, in turn, the performance of data query processing. This framework mines set of query patterns, analyzes the association of attributes, and provides heuristics for access path generation and selection.
Effective action approach to calculation of spin potentials in heavy quarkonium

We formally derive the spin-orbit and spin-spin potentials in heavy quarkonium from a general effective action. We then specialize to the perturbative effective action for short distances and obtain agreement with the lowest-order Bethe-Salpeter results, including the contact spin-spin interaction which arises in an unusual way in our paper. For large distances, the leading log model is used. Though it is not possible to solve this analytically, some interesting qualitative features are pointed out.
What's that in your pocket?

What took the computer out of a big room and put it in our pocket? And where will the computer go next? That is not the only product we now have in our pocket that used to be in a big room. This talk discusses big room to pocket experiences and low power technology advancements that helped enable these advancements. It also discusses the implications from these advancements and products on the future.
On the Stability and Recyclability of Supported Metal–Ligand Complex Catalysts: Myths, Misconceptions and Critical Research Needs

Research on heterogenized metal complex catalysts has been carried out for 40 years. Despite thousands of published catalysts, there are only two significant commercial processes that utilize supported metal complex catalysts. Most academic papers are simply “demonstration of concept” studies reporting myriad ways to support various metal complex catalysts. Too few papers focus on rigorous studies of reaction kinetics, catalyst recycle, catalyst stability and deactivation pathways. Here, preliminary stability and deactivation studies of supported enantioselective Co-salen epoxide ring-opening catalysts and enantioselective Ru-salen olefin cyclopropanation catalysts are summarized. Insights with regard to catalyst deactivation suggest methodologies for catalyst stabilization, allowing for more effective catalyst recycle and enhanced catalyst turnover. Further examples where supported metal complex catalysts are applied in commercial processes will require the field to shift focus from “demonstration of concept” studies to more detailed investigations of catalyst stability and recyclability.
A scheme for functional tolerancing: A product family in 3D CAD system

Article history: Received 1 August 2011 Available online 10 August 2011 To meet the need for product variety, many companies are shifting from a massproduction mode to mass customization, which demands quick response to the needs of individual customers with high quality and low costs. The multifunctional nature of mechanical components necessitates that a designer redesign them each time when a component’s function changes. The functional Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T) specification, also called functional tolerancing, must be updated for each component. Currently, this is done by humans, and thus can be very time-consuming and error-prone. Functional tolerancing is one of the main obstacles to practical mechanical product family modeling. In this paper, a graph-based functional tolerancing scheme in 3D CAD is proposed. In the scheme, a product is generated by applying production rules to the graph of the base product, following customers’ or manufacturing engineers’ requirements. Functional tolerancing of each component of a product in the family is formulated as a non-linear constrained optimization (or cost minimization) process. Certain critical aspects of the scheme have been implemented in SolidWorks, by using its Application Programming Interface (API) and C++. LEDA and MATLAB have been used to solve the graph and optimization problems. © 2012 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved
The Role of Spectral Correlation in Design and Performance Analysis of Synchronizers

The popular class of synchronizers that consist of a quadratic nonlinearity followed by a phase-lock loop is investigated, and it is shown that the optimum design of the quadratic transformation is characterized in terms of a spectral correlation function for the signal to be synchronized to. It is also shown that the SNR performance of this quadratic transformation, and the mean-square phase jitter of the phaselock loop are both characterized in terms of spectral correlation functions. The conditions under which the optimum quadratic transformations, for symbol synchronization of BPSK, QPSK, SQPSK, and MSK, and for carrier synchronization of BPSK, reduce to the well-known matched-filter-squarer are identified. In addition, the well-known zeromean-square-phase-jitter condition is generalized from PAM to all synchronizable signals, and is characterized in terms of the spectral correlation function. The low-SNR maximum-likelihood synchronizer for all quadratically synchronizable signals is characterized in terms of a multiplicity of maximum-SNR quadratic spectral-line generators. A closed form implementation in terms of a matched filter, squarer, and symbol-rate-synchronized averager is obtained for BPSK and QPSK signals.
Longitudinal variation of tides in the MLT region: 1. Tides driven by tropospheric net radiative heating

[1] This study demonstrates that the diurnal cycle of net radiative heating in the troposphere accounts for considerable longitudinal variability of diurnal and semidiurnal tidal fields in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) (∼80–120 km), whereas previously it was thought that latent heating associated with deep tropical convection is the predominant driver of this variability. The heating rates used for this study are derived from radiative flux products by NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), and the model employed to estimate the corresponding MLT tides is the Global-Scale Wave Model (GSWM). The radiative flux products by NASA GISS utilize improved International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) cloud climatology and ancillary data sets and were validated by Earth radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) radiative flux (0.2–200.0 microns) measurements at the top of the atmosphere and the Earth surface. Typical magnitudes of tidal temperature longitude variations at, e.g., 95 km or 110 km are 20 ± 5 K for the diurnal tide and 6 ± 2 K for the semidiurnal tide. The computed tides and their longitude variability are of comparable amplitude to those derived from TIMED SABER temperature measurements. Part 2 of this study provides new estimates of tidal forcing by latent heating and assesses the total MLT tidal response to these combined heat sources in comparison to tidal climatologies derived from TIMED SABER measurements.
Global Magnetoelectric Measurement System (GMMS)

Advancement in internet, automation and data communication has led to massive growth in global knowledge-base over the past few decades. It has opened the possibility of developing global research laboratories where experiments and measurement systems can be shared in real time. The global magnetoelectric measurement system (GMMS) developed in this paper allows remote measurement of magnetoelectric properties of single phase and composite samples with ultra-high sensitivity, reducing the operation time from 2–3 hours to approximately 15 minutes. A secure website was developed to (i) create the internet-based control of the measurement system, (ii) compile, email and download the experimental results and (iii) video conferencing between the users. The magnetoelectric measurement system includes an electromagnetic coil to generate DC magnetic field up to 1.5 T, a Helmholtz coil, function generator, high power supply, and a translational stage with a 2 DOF gripper which allows measurements from L-T to T-T mode.
Serotonergic involvement in pharmacological action of the anxiolytic-sedatives thalidomide and supidimide.

The anxiolytic-sedative drugs thalidomide and supidimide inhibited spontaneous motor activity in rats. Both compounds inhibited the serotonin (5-HT) behavioural syndrome induced by tranylcypromine (TCP) plus L-tryptophan (TRP) or clorgyline plus the selective 5-HT uptake blocker, LM 5008 (4-[2-(3-indoyl)ethyl]piperidine) and delayed the behavioural effects of p-chloro-amphetamine, a releaser of 5-HT. The behavioural syndrome induced by the 5-HT agonist, 5-methoxy-N,N′-dimethylryptamine (5-MeODMT) was unaffected by supidimide pretreatment. Thus supidimide does not possess 5-HT receptor antagonistic properties. This was further substantiated by the unaltered 5-HT-induced platelet aggregation in the presence of supidimide (10−7-10−4 M). A decrease of 5-HT release into the synaptic cleft will lead to a diminished behavioural response to drugs tha t act presynaptically. Supidimide induced a greater increase in accumulation of brain 5-HT in TCP (5 mg/kg) plus TRP (100 mg/kg)-treated animals as compared to that in the corresponding controls. These data indicate that the behavioural and pharmacological actions of supidimide may be related to its inhibition of 5-HT release.
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-12 in samples of men and women.

This study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-12 (INQ-12; Van Orden, Witte, Gordon, Bender, & Joiner, 2008a), designed to test Joiner’s interpersonalpsychological theory of suicide. Study participants included 785 U.S. undergraduates (58.6% female; 77.2% White; ages 18–25). Confirmatory bifactor analyses discerned a general factor for overall distress, while also supporting separate subfactors for perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. The scale’s factor structure did not vary by gender, and internal consistency reliability was strong among the male and female samples. Correlational analyses supported the scale’s content validity. Overall, the analyses preliminarily support continued use of the INQ-12. & 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:609–623, 2011.
Low-cost flexible RFID tag for on-metal applications

This paper documents the design of a low-cost RFID tag that is operable among metallic surfaces. The tag uses a loop type antenna that is small, flexible, and vialess. In addition, the design only requires low-cost, easy-to-obtain materials. The tag has been successfully tested on metal at 915MHz. Thus, the tag can be used in non-ideal settings or as surface mounts on metallic objects. Simulation and experimental results are also discussed in the paper. I. INTRODUCTION
Metal toxicity and iron deficiency effects on enzymes in Neurospora.

Abstract 1. 1.A study using Neurospora crassa was made of the effects of Fe deficiency and toxicities of Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, Co, and Ni on the enzymes: cytochrome oxidase, catalase, peroxidase, and succinic dehy-drogenase; those of iron deficiency and cobalt toxicity on nitrate reductase, “glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase,” isocitric dehydrogenase, DPNase, and alkaline phosphatase. 2. 2. A striking similarity was noted between iron deficiency and cobalt toxicity, not only on the activity of the iron enzymes but also on the activity of other enzymes not known to involve iron directly. It is suggested that iron deficiency and cobalt toxicity produce similar effects on the over-all metabolism of this organism. 3. 3.Some form of direct competition between iron and cobalt may be responsible for some of these effects, and possible implications are discussed.
An Electron Microscopic Study on the Process of Acid Demineralization of Cortical Bone

Demineralization has been shown to foster osteoinductive properties of cortical bone grafts, yet little is known about the process of demineralization and how to control it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of cortical bone demineralization by using scanning electron microscopy to evaluate how hydrochloric acid demineralizes cortical bone. Results showed that in the demineralization of diaphyseal cortical bone specimens using hydrochloric acid, a uniformly thick circumferential band of demineralized bone matrix surrounds an inner undecalcified bone core as the process of demineralization occurs. The interface between the demineralized and mineralized section of the bone specimens was extremely sharp. This interface between demineralized and undemineralized bone was noted to advance as a reaction front with increasing demineralization which resulted in continuous shrinkage of the inner cortical bone core. This study suggests that cortical bone demineralization can be best described using an advancing reaction front theory, and this explanation can be used for implementation of the concept of controlled demineralization.
2H NMR Line Shapes and Spin−Lattice Relaxation in Ba(ClO3)2·2H2O

Solid-state deuterium NMR measurements were used to characterize the flipping motion of the water molecule in barium chlorate monohydrate, Ba(ClO3)2·2H2O. In particular, temperature-dependent quadrupole echo line shapes, their τ dependence and spectral intensities, and the anisotropy of the spin−lattice relaxation observed in inversion recovery experiments permit measurement of the 2-fold flipping rates. These were studied as a function of temperature and yield an activation energy Ea = 30 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor A0 = 1.5 × 1014, which are typical for molecular motion constrained by hydrogen bonds of moderate strength. A discussion of experimental considerations is also presented.
Almost total conversion of pancreas to liver in the adult rat: A reliable model to study transdifferentiation

Study of transdifferentiation provides an excellent opportunity to investigate various factors and mechanisms involved in repression of activated genes and derepression of inactivated genes. Here we describe a highly reproducible in vivo model, in which hepatocytes are induced in the pancreas of adult rats that were maintained on copper-deficient diet containing a relatively non-toxic copper-chelating agent, triethylenetetramine tetrahydrochloride (0.6% w/w) for 7-9 weeks and then returned to normal rat chow. This dietary manipulation resulted in almost complete loss of pancreatic acinar cells at the end of copper-depletion regimen, and in the development of multiple foci of hepatocytes during recovery phase. In some animals, liver cells occupied more than 60% of pancreatic volume within 6-8 weeks of recovery. Northern blot analysis of total RNA obtained from the pancreas of these rats revealed the expression of albumin mRNA. Albumin was demonstrated in these pancreatic hepatocytes by immunofluorescence. The advantages of this model over the previously described models are: a) low mortality (10%), b) depletion of acinar cells, and c) development of multiple foci of hepatocytes in 100% of rats.
Intracellular Ca2+ Handling and Vulnerability to Ventricular Fibrillation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Abstract Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with ventricular hypertrophy show an increased vulnerability for the development of potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation (VF). The mechanisms of this increased vulnerability are not fully understood but may be related to abnormal intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) handling under stress conditions. We therefore investigated whether [Ca 2+ ] i handling is abnormal in hypertrophied hearts of SHR without heart failure during stimulation stress, and if so whether abnormal [Ca 2+ ] i handling is a determinant of the increased vulnerability to VF in SHR. [Ca 2+ ] i was measured by indo-1 surface fluorescence in perfused hearts of 8- to 10-month-old control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and age-matched SHR. The state of [Ca 2+ ] i handling was analyzed during three different forms of stimulation stress: rapid pacing, the long rest period after cessation of rapid pacing, and preprogrammed ventricular stimulation that was simultaneously used for the determination of VF threshold. The pulse number VF threshold was used as an index to determine vulnerability to VF and to analyze the relationship of [Ca 2+ ] i handling to vulnerability. Although VF thresholds were lower in SHR than in WKY, we found that both demonstrated similar [Ca 2+ ] i handling during stimulation stress. The extent and rate of [Ca 2+ ] i accumulation during rapid pacing and those of the [Ca 2+ ] i decline after cessation of pacing were similar in SHR and WKY. In addition, the relationship between [Ca 2+ ] i and VF threshold was unaltered in SHR. Thus, we conclude that [Ca 2+ ] i handling is normal in hypertrophied hearts of SHR without heart failure during stimulation stress and that it is not a determinant of the increased vulnerability to VF in SHR.
Geometric and radiation effects on steady and unsteady strained laminar flames

A detailed numerical investigation was conducted on the effects of the domain size and radiation on thedynamics of opposed jet, strained, laminar premixed, and diffusion flames. The simulation was performed by solving the conservation equations along the stagnation streamline of the counterflow and by using detailed description of the chemistry, molecular transport, and nonluminous thermal radiation at the optically thin limit. Results indicate that the hydrodynamic extinction strain rate increases with the nozzle separation distance because of the reduction of the values of the strain rate distribution within the main reaction zone. The predictions of extinction strain rates in the present study agree well with available experimental data on premixed flames, after using nozzle separation distances equal to the experimental ones. Furthermore, the inclusion of the Soret effect was found to increase the predicted strain rates for near stoichiometric flames. The effect of radiation was assessed for both steady and unsteady flames. The unsteadiness was introduced through sinusoidal variation of the nozzle exit velocities around some mean values. The results indicate that the effect of the radiation on the flame response and extinction becomes important only for near-limit premixed flames and weakly strained diffusion flames, which are characterized by large thicknesses. An asymmetry was also identified in the response of unsteady diffusion flames for which the trough value of the strain rate is near-zero, while the peak value causes substantial straining. The results were explained based on the competition between the mechanisms of reactant leakage and radiative loss as the strain rate is reduced.
The role of control activity levels in the reported strain differences to the behavioral effects of drugs in mice.

Abstract The effect of d -amphetamine (3–100 μmoles/kg), scopolamine (0.3–100 μmoles/kg) and morphine (3–100 μmoles/kg) were studied on the spontaneous motor activity (SMA) of four strains of mice: CF-1, DBA/2, C57BL/6 and CD-1. All three drugs increased the SMA of the CF-1, C57BL/6, and CD-1 strains at low to moderate doses and decreased SMA at higher doses. In the DBA/2 strain, d -amphetamine and scopolamine increased SMA at low doses and decreased SMA at high doses; only decreases in SMA were observed with morphine. When the drug effect was expressed relative to control levels of SMA, large apparent strain differences were shown to exist for all three drugs. In general, these strain differences were shown to exist for all three drugs. However, the majority of these strain differences could be attributed to the large differences which existed in the control level of SMA among the four strains. One important exception to this statement was shown to exist. The DBA strain responded differently (only decreases in SMA were observed) to morphine than did the other three strains. This decrease was not related to the control SMA level and could not be antagonized by naloxone (3 μmoles/kg, IP).
In Similarity Judgments Hunter-Gatherers Prefer Shapes over Spatial Relations in Contrast to Literate Groups:

Reverse strategies are used in judgments of similarity by hunter-gatherers who prefer using shapes (attributes) in patterns, and literates who prefer judging relations among shapes. The Kohs Block Design Test was given to healthy hunter-gatherers, 19 stone-age, preliterate, Amazonian Auca Indians and 130 semi-literate Dani and Asmat of inland Indonesian Western New Guinea. Further, 196 literate Indonesian city dwellers served as controls. The Auca and the Dani and Asmat groups preferentially constructed 20 specific, "nonrandom" modifications similar to the Kohs Block Design Test and preserved the salient component shapes but neglected relations among them. Hunter-gatherers' survival depends on prompt assessment of the salient shapes of prey and attackers. By contrast, literacy skills require painstaking assessment of subtle intrapattern spatial relations among shapes.
Formation and crystal structures of a monomer–dimer pair of mono(cyclopentadienyl)calcium complexes, [C5(t-Bu)3H2]2CaI(THF)2 and {[C5(t-Bu)3H2]2CaI(THF)}2

Abstract The mono(cyclopentadienyl)calcium iodide complex [{(Cp3T)CaI(THF)x}n] (Cp3T=[C5(t-Bu)3H2]−) is generated from the 1:1 reaction of K[Cp3T] and CaI2 in THF. No redistribution into [(Cp3T)2Ca] and CaI2(THF)n is observed in THF solution. The mono(ring) compound crystallizes from THF as a monomer with a distorted piano stool geometry; the coordination environment around the calcium consists of a pentahapto [Cp3T]− ligand, an iodide, and two THF molecules. It is the first structurally authenticated monomeric mono(ring) halide complex of a heavy alkaline-earth metal. From a toluene–THF mixture, the mono(ring) complex crystallizes as an iodide-bridged dimer, with a pentahapto [Cp3T]− ligand and one terminal THF on each metal atom. The CaI and CaI′ distances are nearly equal at 3.087(2) and 3.101(2) A.
Satellite bacteriophage P4: characterization of mutants in two essential genes.

Abstract P4 is a helper-dependent bacteriophage which can use the late gene products of temperate phage P2 to encapsulate P4 DNA ( Six, 1963 ; Six and Lindqvist, 1970 ; Gibbs, 1972 ; Six and Klug, 1973 ). P4 phage heads (d = 450 A) contain only one-third the volume of P2 phage heads (d = 620 A; Inman et al., 1971) , and heads of the P4 size are not detected during a normal P2 infection (D. Walker, personal communication). Thus P4 directs the formation of 450 A phage heads. P4 causes P2 prophage late genes to be expressed in the presence of immunity ( Six and Klug, 1973 ), and without excision or replication of the prophage genome ( Six and Lindqvist, 1971 ). In the absence of a helper, P4 DNA can replicate ( Lindqvist and Six, 1971 ). We have isolated and characterized mutants in two essential P4 genes. P4 gene A mutants are unable to synthesize P4 DNA, but they retain the ability to transactivate 2 P2 prophage genes under nonpermissive conditions. Thus the A gene product may participate directly in the process of P4 DNA replication. P2-lysogenic, nonpermissive cells infected with P4 gene A mutants synthesize empty phage heads, 80% of which are intermediate in size between P4 heads and P2 heads. Heads of this intermediate size are also formed in small quantity during a normal P2 infection. The inability of P4 gene A mutants to synthesize P4-size heads may be due to a lack of replicating DNA or to lack of a size-directing protein. P4 gene B is defined by one temperature-sensitive mutation which is partially dominant to P4 wild type at 42 °. At the nonpermissive temperature this mutant can synthesize P4 DNA and cause a P2 prophage to be transcribed, but cannot cause the formation of head-like particles. Unlike P4 wild type, this mutant kills nonlysogenic cells at 42 °, and greatly depresses the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein.
In vivo function of an interleukin 2 receptor beta chain (IL-2Rbeta)/IL-4Ralpha cytokine receptor chimera potentiates allergic airway disease.

Strength of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, coreceptors, costimulation, antigen-presenting cell type, and cytokines all play crucial roles in determining the efficiency with which type 2 T lymphocytes (Th2, Tc2) develop from uncommitted precursors. To investigate in vivo regulatory mechanisms that control the population of type 2 T cells and disease susceptibility, we have created lines of transgenic mice in which expression of a chimeric cytokine receptor (the mouse interleukin 2 receptor β chain [IL-2Rβ] extracellular domain fused to the cytoplasmic tail of IL-4Rα) is targeted to the T lymphoid lineage using the proximal lck promoter. This chimera transduced IL-4–specific signals in response to IL-2 binding and dramatically enhanced type 2 responses (IL-4, IL-5, and immunoglobulin E production) upon in vitro TCR stimulation or in vivo antigen challenge. Thus, type 2 effector function was augmented by IL-4 signals transduced through a chimeric receptor expressed in a T cell–specific manner. This influence was sufficient for establishment of antigen-induced allergic airway hyperresponsiveness on a disease-resistant background (C57BL/6).
A comparative study of US manufacturing firms at various stages of just-in-time implementation

This study explores whether there are differences among the companies at various stages of just-in-time (JIT) implementation based on factors which were considered relevant in the literature. The factors are categorized as internal and external. Internal factors relate to questions involving product, equipment and process, work-force and top management commitment. External factors deal with supplier and customer issues. Responding firms were categorized into five groups based on their status of JIT implementation, ranging from totally non-JIT to partial and full implementation. The findings of this study suggest that some of the issues such as supplier proximity and the lead-time of the supplier, which have been traditionally considered to be important, are not major impediments to JIT implementation. However, there are some issues such as top management commitment which may facilitate or inhibit the move toward JIT implementation.
Medicine in motion.

When C. Everett Koop exclaimed that exercise is the "most potent modifier of health" in medicine today ((1)), he was merely echoing what most of us have known for the past 25 years. Exercise is not only recreation and work, it is also therapy, prevention, and treatment. Primary care physicians inherently practice "sports medicine" with each patient they treat because they know the inherent health benefits of physical activity. As a result, society now has a greater consciousness about sports medicine and the benefits of exercise than ever before.
Caffeine modification of kindled amygdaloid seizures.

Abstract Rats were kindled during exposure to caffeine (50 mg/kg) or saline given IP twenty minutes before daily electrical stimulation of the amygdala until 3 kindled amygdaloid seizures (KAS) occured. They were then stimulated for 3 days without drug pretreatment followed by 5 additional days with drug pretreatment. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the number of daily stimulations or in the total seconds of cumulative afterdischarge (AD) needed to reach the first KAS. During kindling, the daily average AD tended to be longer in the caffeine treated group. This difference became significant (>200% saline) when the KAS was reached. When KAS animals were stimulated without caffeine pretreatment, the average AD returned to control lengths. When put back on caffeine pretreatment, the average AD was again increased. Caffeine (6–50 mg/kg, IP) was also evaluated in previously kindled rats using suprathreshold (400 μAMP) and threshold (20 μA increments) seizures. Caffeine had no consistent effect on threshold values. However, 12–50 mg/kg of caffeine increased seizure severity and AD durations after threshold stimulation. With suprathreshold stimulation, the length of the AD was significantly increased only after the highest dose of caffeine. It would appear that caffeine lengthens induced afterdischarges both during the acquisition phase of kindling and in the fully kindled subject. Caffeine does not appear to lower seizure thresholds or increase the rate of aquisition of the KAS in the doses tested in this model. It is postulated that caffeine may modify the KAS through an inhibition of the mechanisms which terminate the elicited AD.
Private demands for public capital: evidence from school bond referenda

Abstract This paper develops a framework for estimating demand for school infrastructure investment that is financed through local bond referenda. Our framework takes explicit account of the irregular and discrete nature of local capital investment and the objective functions of local school boards. Our empirical model consists of a three-equation system composed of a proposed spending equation, a vote equation, and a selection equation. Estimated income and price elasticities of demand for school infrastructure are similar to those found in studies of current school spending. We also find that school boards act like risk-averse, budget-maximizing agenda-setters.
An Improved Fixing Solution for Methylene Blue Preparations

(1934). An Improved Fixing Solution for Methylene Blue Preparations. Stain Technology: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 89-90.
Phased retirement policies

Phased retirement policies are more or less attractive financially and more or less accommodating of individual differences. They are also implemented in varying ways, variations that especially affect departments and academic programs.
Surgical Management of Cervical Carcinoma

Surgical management for cervical carcinoma uses a wide variety of procedures for all stages of disease, ranging from the most conservative excisional biopsy to aggressive extirpative surgery with sophisticated reconstruction. Innovative surgical procedures have given fertility-sparing treatment options to women of reproductive age, and refinement and use of minimally invasive surgical approaches have minimized operative morbidity without sacrificing outcomes. Conservative staging procedures are being evaluated to improve survival in locally advanced disease. There have been many breakthroughs in the treatment of cervical carcinoma over recent years, which have improved not only survival but also the quality of ensuing life for women afflicted by this disease.
The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and PAD risk factors among different ethnic groups in the US Population

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 data set was utilized to examine and compare trends and differences in PAD-related risk factor variables among 5 different ethnic/racial groups. The sample included individuals 40 years and older with PAD and of the ethnic/racial groups: Mexican American, Other Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, and Other/Multiracial. Two demographic variables (age and gender) and 4 PAD-risk factors (hypertension [HTN], systolic blood pressure [SBP], and diastolic blood pressure [DBP]), dyslipidemia, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] and low-density lipoprotein [LDL], diabetes, and cigarette smoking) were examined for each group. The study design conducted was descriptive using the NHANES 2003-2004 secondary data set. Raw data were weighted. Descriptive statistics were measured, Chi-squares were compared, and Phi-coefficients were measured for association using SAS version 9.1 and SUDAAN 10.0. The group with the highest prevalence of PAD are females 40–50 years of age, and the ethnic group with PAD who have the highest risk for PAD-related risk factors are Non-Hispanic Black. Through Chi-square significant differences ( P = 0.00001–0.03874) between specific ethnic groups for all four PAD-related risk factors (i.e., HTN, dyslipidemia, diabetes and cigarette smoking). All of the associations between the prevalence of HTN, dyslipidemia, diabetes, or cigarette smoking and ethnicity were statistically significant ( P =
Long-acting reversible contraception for adolescents.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Teen pregnancy continues to plague the United States. This review will discuss long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method use in teens comprising intrauterine devices and subdermal implants. RECENT FINDINGS: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists along with the American Academy of Pediatrics the Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization have recognized the potential impact of LARC (comprising intrauterine contraception and subdermal implants) to reduce unintended pregnancies. They have affirmed the safety of such devices and no effects on long-term fertility have been identified. Teen users of these methods have been shown to have high continuation and satisfaction rates. On the contrary oral contraceptive pills the patch and the contraceptive vaginal ring have significantly higher contraceptive failure rates and these rates are magnified in young women. SUMMARY: LARC methods should be considered first-line options for teens seeking contraception.
Pharmacokinetics of the Antiviral Agent 3-Deazaneplanocin A

The pharmacokinetics of 3-deazaneplanocin A (c3Nep), a competitive inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase and novel antiviral agent, was investigated in female BALB/c mice. Animals were given a single intravenous dose of [3H]-c3Nep (0.1 mg/kg; 10 microCi), and blood and selected tissues were collected at various intervals thereafter for up to 72 h. The plasma concentration versus time data for c3Nep was best approximated by a two-compartment open model with first order elimination. The elimination half-life was 12.8 min, the area-under curve (AUC) was 3.38 micrograms.min.ml-1. The distribution of c3Nep into tissues was not extensive. Following 30, 120 min, and 24 h after dosing, the kidneys and the liver contained the highest amount of drug, but this amount did not exceed 1 microgram/g tissue. At these time periods, the majority of activity in the tissues represented labeled derivatives of c3Nep indicating that this compound was converted to stable metabolites. The presence of labeled conversion products in the blood confirmed that this drug is metabolized in vivo. The fact that c3Nep bound to plasma proteins in vitro may explain this drug's limited tissue distribution. The half-life and tissue distribution of c3Nep were different from those of carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine, a related adenosine nucleoside antiviral drug and AdoHcy hydrolase inhibitor.
Some results on the addition of fuzzy intervals

Abstract A simple new method of computing T -sum of fuzzy intervals having the same results as the sum of fuzzy intervals based on the weakest t-norm T W is introduced. This work extends that of Mesiar [Fuzzy Sets and Systems 91 (1997) 231–237] and Markova [Fuzzy Sets and Systems 91 (1997) 253–258].
Influence of radiative damping on the optical-frequency susceptibility

Motivated by recent discussions concerning the manner in which damping appears in the electric polarizability, we show that (a) there is a dependence of the nonresonant contribution on the damping and that (b) the damping enters according to the ``opposite sign prescription.'' We also discuss the related question of how the damping rates in the polarizability are related to energy-level decay rates.
Intergovernmental influences on the implementation of coastal zone management in the United States: Public shoreline access in the Southeast

Abstract This article is about factors that influence local government implementation of state coastal policies with specific application to public shoreline access. Although the national government delegates authority for coastal zone management to state governments, local jurisdictions are ultimately responsible for public shoreline access program implementation. Local budgets provide the funds and staff that impact public access development in addition to daily maintenance of public access sites. However, since local governments are creatures of the state, local implementation naturally involves a reciprocal relationship with state governments. Local governments get grants and technical support from state governments while the states get successful state policy implementation at the local level. Previous shoreline public access evaluations only reviewed how well each state agency met federal objectives. Such evaluations gave little attention to local government programs, despite acknowledging that local governments are the “primary implementers of state coastal policies and programs” through the use of land use powers and infrastructure improvements. Understanding of local government's relationship with state agencies is an essential ingredient for the formulation of public shoreline access programs and to gain insight into national coastal policy success and failure. Forty-five local public shoreline access programs were examined in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Florida. Although no single indicator explained local compliance with state public beach access policy; selected economic, political and demographic variables were statistically associated with compliance. Public officials and others interested in shoreline access need to be aware of how such capacities can influence policy implementation.
Metabolic requirements for deactivation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes.

Abstract We have studied the rate of deactivation of the insulin-stimulated glucose transport system following the removal of insulin. Under all conditions, dissociation of insulin from its receptor proceeded much more rapidly than deactivation of the glucose transport system, indicating that deactivation was not simply a passive process reflecting a decline in receptor occupancy. The results demonstrate that deactivation of the glucose transport system is dependent upon ongoing cellular metabolism, and that this process occurs in a normal manner when a variety of substrates (glucose, fructose, or pyruvate) are available to the cells. When no substrate was present, then transport remained at or near the fully stimulated level. In an attempt to localize which metabolic sequence is involved in mediating glucose transport deactivation, studies were performed in the presence of a variety of substrates, inhibitors, and combinations of the two. NaF and citrate had marked effects to inhibit the normal rate of deactivation in the presence of glucose, whereas DNP had no effect on the rate of deactivation in the presence of added glucose. Pyruvate is a substrate which enters the glycolytic pathway distal to the site of action of NaF or citrate in the glycolytic pathway, and in the presence of pyruvate, the inhibiting effects of NaF and citrate on the rate of deactivation were abolished. These results demonstrate that deactivation of the insulin-stimulated glucose transport system is an active process dependent upon some aspect of cellular glucose metabolism. It is likely that the important metabolic step is distal to the point at which pyruvate enters the glycolytic pathway and possibly proximal to the step at which DNP inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
An All-Sky Photometer

DURING the period of the International Quiet Sun Year, better opportunities may be found for the examination of airglow in the middle latitudes at a time when little or no auroral contamination is expected. With the view of measuring the intensities of the night airglow radiations emitted from the whole dome of the sky, a simple photoelectric type of photometer has been designed and built, in the Upper Atmosphere Research Section of the National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada.
Microfluidic Cell Arrays to Mimic 3D Tissue Microenvironment

We developed a functional high throughput 3D microfluidic living cell array (MLC) for anti-cancer drug screening and mechanism discovery. Contemporary drug screening methods suffer from low sample throughput and lack of abilities of mimicking the 3D microenvironment of mammalian tissues. The poor performance of anti-cancer drugs limits the efficacy at controlling the complex disease system like cancer. Systematic studies of apoptotic signaling pathways can be prominent approaches for searching active and effective treatments with less drug resistance. Hence, innovative bio-devices are needed to represent tumor microenvironment to understand the molecular signatures of apoptosis for testing new anticancer therapies targeting apoptosis. Our novel 3D MLC design is the prototype of a high-throughput drug screening platform targeting apoptotic signaling pathways.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Embedded hinge lines for plate elements

Abstract A methodology for embedding hinge lines in plate elements based on a curvature interpolation is developed. The embedding is triggered by the loss of weak ellipticity of the moment-curvature tensor. Results are presented for cantilever beams and uniformly loaded clamped plates.
Anomalous specific heat of glasses: Its temperature dependence

Abstract The anomalous low-temperature specific heat of disordered solids, previously attributed to low frequency localized vibrations of single atoms trapped in a cavity, is shown to be linear in the temperature, in agreement with recent observations, provided the distribution of size of cavities is of inverse-cube nature.
Quasi-Projective Modules Over Prime Hereditary Noetherian V-rings are Projective or Injective

Let Q be the field of rational numbers. As a module over the ring Z of integers, Q is Z-projective, but QZ is not a projective module. Contrary to this situation, we show that over a prime right noetherian right hereditary right V-ring R, a right module P is projective if and only if P is R-projective. As a consequence of this we obtain the result stated in the title. Furthermore, we apply this to affirmatively answer a question that was left open in a recent work of Holston, Lopez-Permouth and Orhan Ertag (2012) [9] by showing that over a right noetherian prime right SI-ring, quasi-projective right modules are projective or semisimple.