cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Case for Digital Beamforming at mmWave

Due to the heavy reliance of millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless systems on directional links, beamforming (BF) with high-dimensional arrays is essential for cellular systems in these frequencies. Thus, performing the array processing in a power-efficient manner is a fundamental challenge. Analog and hybrid BF require few analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters (ADCs and DACs), but can only communicate in a small number of directions at a time, limiting directional search, spatial multiplexing, and control signaling. Digital BF enables flexible spatial processing but must be operated at a low quantization resolution to stay within reasonable power levels. This decrease in quantizer resolution distorts the received as well as the transmitted signal. To assess the effect of coarse quantization at the receiver, this paper presents a system level analytic framework based on a simple additive quantization noise model (AQNM). The analysis verified through extensive simulations reveals that at moderate resolutions (3–4 bits per ADC), there is negligible loss in downlink cellular capacity from quantization. In essence, the low resolution ADCs limit the high SNR, where cellular systems typically do not operate. For the transmitter, it is shown that DACs with 4 or more bits of resolution can support high order modulations, and do not violate the adjacent carrier leakage limit set by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) standards for cellular operations. In fact, our findings suggest that low resolution digital BF architectures can be a power-efficient alternative to analog or hybrid BF for both transmitters and receivers at millimeter-wave.
CORRELATED BEHAVIOR IN LIMIT ORDER CANCELLATIONS, COMOVEMENT IN ASSET RETURNS, AND COMMONALITY IN LIQUIDITY

We examine whether there is common behavior in limit order cancellation activity, that is, commonality in cancellation activity, on U.S. exchanges. We then examine whether this commonality in cancellation activity is associated with increased levels of return comovement and commonality in liquidity. We document strong evidence of limit order traders exhibiting exchange, industry, marketwide, and stock‐level commonality with regard to cancellation activity, which is consistent with limit order traders exhibiting correlated trading behavior. We also find that this correlated behavior in cancellation activity is associated with increased levels of return comovement and commonality in liquidity.
Las botánicas como “farmacias invisibles”: Religiones afrocaribeñas y su rol en la población latina de la ciudad de Nueva York

This article explores the world of botanicas, or invisible pharmacies, in New York City, where practitioners of Afro-Caribbean religions, especially Santeria, play a dual role as religious leaders and spiritual advisers. Botanicas cater to a Latin American population, often immigrant and undocumented, that comes to them looking for effective solutions to a plethora of problems (from bodily disorders to workplace abuse and family conflicts). Counselors understand the individual symptoms as a disruption of the patient’s social and spiritual world, often triggered by a “curse” and negative energies in the environment. The most frequent therapeutic responses combine consultations, herbal infusions, spiritual baths, and prayers (through herbal drinks, spiritual cleansing, and invocations). The article highlights the role of botanicas’ therapeutic services, which offer fast, practical, and economically accessible solutions to a vulnerable population. Resumen Este articulo explora el mundo de las botanicas —consideradas como farmacias invisibles— en la Ciudad de Nueva York en donde practicantes de las religiones afrocaribenas, especialmente Santeria, ejercen un doble rol como lideres religiosos y consejeros espirituales. Las botanicas atienden a una poblacion latinoamericana, a menudo migrante e indocumentada, que llega a ellas buscando soluciones efectivas a una pletora de problemas (ej., desde trastornos organicos hasta maltrato laboral y conflictos familiares). Los consejeros entienden los sintomas individuales como una disrupcion con el mundo social y espiritual, a menudo provocado por “maleficios” y energias negativas circundantes. Las respuestas terapeuticas mas frecuentes combinan la consulta con el uso de plantas en infusiones, banos espirituales y oraciones (resumidos en la triada: beber, limpiar y orar). El tema pone en evidencia el rol de los servicios terapeuticos que ofrecen las botanicas por cuanto proveen de respuestas rapidas, practicas y economicamente accesibles a una poblacion vulnerable.
Vitamin D Toxicity

Fortification of food products with vitamin D was central to the eradication of rickets in the early parts of the 20th century in the United States. In the subsequent almost 100 years since, accumulating evidence has linked vitamin D deficiency to a variety of outcomes, and this has paralleled greater public interest and awareness of the health benefits of vitamin D. Supplements containing vitamin D are now widely available in both industrialized and developing countries, and many are in the form of unregulated formulations sold to the public with little guidance for safe administration. Together, this has contributed to a transition whereby a dramatic global increase in cases of vitamin D toxicity has been reported. Clinicians are now faced with the challenge of managing this condition that can present on a spectrum from asymptomatic to acute life-threatening complications. This article considers contemporary data on vitamin D toxicity, and diagnostic and management strategies relevant to clinical practice.
Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Mechanically Alloyed Ni-TiC Composites Processed via Spark Plasma Sintering.

Titanium carbide (TiC) reinforced nickel (Ni) matrix composites were processed via mechanical alloying (MA) followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. Mechanical alloying has gained special attention as a powerful non-equilibrium process for fabricating amorphous and nanocrystalline materials, whereas spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a unique technique for processing dense and near net shape bulk alloys with homogenous microstructure. TiC reinforcement varied from 5 to 50 wt.% into nickel matrix to investigate its effect on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ni-TiC composites. All Ni-TiC composites powder was mechanically alloyed using planetary high energy ball mill with 400 rpm and ball to powder ratio (BPR) 15:1 for 24 h. Bulk Ni-TiC composites were then sintered via SPS process at 50 MPa pressure and 900–1200 °C temperature. All Ni-TiC composites exhibited higher microhardness and compressive strength than pure nickel due to the presence of homogeneously distributed TiC particles within the nickel matrix, matrix grain refinement, and excellent interfacial bonding between nickel and TiC reinforcement. There is an increase in Ni-TiC composites microhardness with an increase in TiC reinforcement from 5 to 50 wt.%, and it reaches the maximum value of 900 HV for Ni-50TiC composites.
Substitution–Permutation Networks

This chapter continues our exploration of symmetric ciphers. Symmetric ciphers are such a substantial part of modern cryptographic implementations, that having two chapters devoted to the topic is necessary. In this chapter, we focus extensively on AES because it is such a prominent algorithm. However, we explore a variety of other algorithms that have a similar structure. Coupled with Chap. 6, this should provide the reader with a solid working knowledge of symmetric ciphers. The algorithms explored in this chapter are an important part of symmetric cryptography. AES may be the most widely used symmetric algorithm, and thus warrants significant attention.
Sieving RNA 3D Structures with SHAPE and Evaluating Mechanisms Driving Sequence-Dependent Reactivity Bias.

Selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) chemical probing provides local RNA flexibility information at single-nucleotide resolution. In general, SHAPE is thought of as a secondary structure (2D) technology, but we find evidence that robust tertiary structure (3D) information is contained in SHAPE data. Here, we report a new model that achieves a higher correlation between SHAPE data and native RNA 3D structures than the previous 3D structure-SHAPE relationship model. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the new model improves our ability to discern between SHAPE-compatible and -incompatible structures on model decoys. After identifying sequence-dependent bias in SHAPE experiments, we propose a mechanism driving sequence-dependent bias in SHAPE experiments, using replica-exchange umbrella sampling simulations to confirm that the SHAPE sequence bias is largely explained by the stability of the unreacted SHAPE reagent in the binding pocket. Taken together, this work represents multiple practical advances in our mechanistic and predictive understanding of SHAPE technology.
Interprovincial Trade Barrier for Intermediate Goods and Firm Innovation: Evidence from China

I examine the impact of interprovincial trade barrier for intermediate goods on firm innovation in the manufacturing sector in China over the 2003-2013 period. In particular, I construct a theoretical framework for innovation decisions of multiproduct manufacturing firms with price rigidity and contend that a decrease in interprovincial trade barrier for intermediate goods would increase firm-level R&D intensities in the short term due to price rigidity, but such effect would fade in the long term. I also make use of a structural gravity model to quantify interprovincial trade barrier for intermediate goods for each Chinese province in each year between 1998 and 2017. Then, taking advantage of a series of reduced-form regressions, I show that a decrease in interprovincial trade barrier for intermediate goods could indeed encourage firm innovation. Numerically, firm-level R&D expenditures would increase by approximately 28% in response to a one standard deviation decrease in interprovincial trade barrier for intermediate goods. I correct for endogeneity using a dummy indicating whether a provincial number one leader is locally or non-locally promoted. My findings are robust to this correction. Finally, I explore the heterogeneity and find that the magnitude of the effect exerted by a decrease in interprovincial trade barrier for intermediate goods increases in ex ante firm-level R&D effort and decreases in the level of market competition in the province.
Making Markets and Constructing Crises: A Review of Ho’s Liquidated

This book review is a beginning academic researcher’s interpretation of the robust methods and rich data Ho presents in her study of investment banking culture and the market in Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street (2009). A unique contribution of the text is Ho’s combining of ethnographic methods in order to practice polymorphous engagement in her study. A weakness of the text is Ho’s lacking autoethnographic analysis of her experience as an Asian American woman on Wall Street. The book will be helpful for a scholarly audience interested in studying rigorous ethnographic methodologies and exploring the culture of Wall Street. Key Words: Ethnography, Polymorphous Engagement, Prefieldwork, Wall Street. In her dissertation-turned-book, Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street (2009), anthropologist Karen Ho describes the culture of Wall Street from an insider’s perspective. After being recruited from Princeton and employed at the prestigious global investment firm Banker’s Trust (BT), Ho developed a unique sense of what being a part of Wall Street meant. She left Wall Street after just a year, when she was laid off, to pursue her graduate studies in anthropology and continue the ethnographic research she began as a financial analyst at BT. Through in-depth interviews with all levels of Wall Street employees, from entry-level analysts to senior managing directors and from frontoffice players to back-office support staff, Ho explores the omnipresent practice of downsizing and constant corporate liquidation experienced – and perpetuated – by these individuals and their Wall Street colleagues. She launched her personal experience into a full ethnographic research study in attempt to answer the question, “How do Wall Street investment bankers negotiate the relationship between massive downsizing, shareholder value, and the production of market crisis?” (Ho, 2009, p. 4). More generally, she asks, “How do investment bankers actively make markets – that is, produce the dominant sensibilities of the stock market and Wall Street financial norms through their daily cultural practices?” (Ho, 2009, p. 4). In seven robust chapters and over one hundred detailed and transcribed interviews, Ho interrogates the culture of Wall Street and debunks the market as an elusive concept. Her rigorous qualitative research methods and sheer volume of data convincingly demonstrate a market that mimics the personalities, egos, and practices of the Wall Street investment bankers themselves, and her analysis makes the case for how these individuals have created a financial environment that shapes the way corporate America operates, the way the global economy functions, and even the way individuals live. Ho (2009) introduces her text by justifying her choice to study Wall Street ethnographically and sets the stage for her data presentation and analysis throughout the book. Rejecting the “widespread conception of capitalist globalization as an abstract metanarrative and homogenizing force too unwieldy for ethnographic translation” (Ho,
Study of Resonances of the Σ-π System

The investigation of K/sup -/-p interaction at 1.15 Bev/c: in the LRL 15- in. hydrogen bubble chamber was made in order to study events in which a SIGMA is observed. The total cross sections for the interactions are given with only statistical errors indicated. (P.C.H.)
Molecular radiobiology of human cell lines

A comparison was made of the intrinsic sensitivities to P32 decay of bacteriophage and bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with that of the more complex, diploid (or hyperdiploid) mammalian cells. The experiments throw new light on the nature of the P32-DNA inactivation process and also confirm earlier notions on the mechanism of the radiosensitization of DNA halogenation. Compared with bacteria or phages, human cells were found to be highly resistant to this type of inactivation, with cell death ensuing after 4000 P32 to S32 transmutation events within the DNA complement of the cell (efficiency of killing, alpha = 2.4 x 10-4). Incorporation of thymidine analogs, 5- chloro -, 5-bromo-, and 5-iododeoxyuridine (CUdR, BUdR, and IUdR), into the cell DNA increases the sensitivity to P/sup 32/decay inactivation by a factor of 2.1 (CUdR and BUdR) to 3.3 (IUdR) under the experimental conditions employed (60% thymidine replaced by the analogs). Studies on the mechanism of the phenomenon revealed that enhancement of the cell's sensitivity to the lethal effects of P32 decay requires that the halogen atoms be incorporated into the strand opposite to that bearing the P32 atoms. In other words, unifilar halogen labeling of the same DNA strand as that bearing themore » P32 atoms, while the other strand remains unlabeled (achieved by placing the cells in P32- and BUdR-containing medium for only one round of DNA replication), does not alter the rate of cells inactivation observed with unifilar P32 labeling alone. These data indicate that scissions through both strands of the DNA molecule constitute the lethal events, and that the halogen, by its electrostatic interaction with the proximate P atom labilizes the phosphate-ester bond, and thus enhances the probability of the double chain scission event. The low killing efficiency of DNA-incorporated P32 for mammalian cells indicates either that the double scission occurs oniy rarely in the vulnerable regions of the DNA complement, i.e., those regions indispensable for cell growth under tissue culture conditions or that some very effective mechanism exists for repair of a constant fraction of the molecular lesions or for annulment of their lethal consequences by other means.« less
An Uncertainty Principle for Social Science Experiments

We provide a model of the experimental process in the social sciences by adapting the symbolism developed for modeling experiments in atomic physics. Meaningful measurements are represented by operators that obey a non-commutative algebra. Thus, the order in which the experimenter attempts to extract information about two distinct attributes matters. In addition, responses to questions about an attribute depend on whether the experimenter has previously attempted to extract information about another attribute. The act of measurement forces the subject to reveal one value of the attribute, which is an eigenvalue of the operator associated with the measurement. Prior to this, one can only talk about the probability that the measurement will lead to any particular value. An uncertainty principle imposes a fundamental limit on the observer's ability to extract detailed information about two distinct attributes within a short period of time.
Ultrastructure of the Nonciliated Bronchiolar Epithelial (Clara) Cell of Mammalian Lung: I. A Comparison of Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Rat, Hamster, and Mouse

Two morphologic characteristics have been used to define the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cell: (1) abundance of agranular endoplasmic reticulum (AER) and (2) numerous membrane-bound ovoid granules. To quantitatively and qualitatively assess the ultrastructural homogeneity of this lung cell type among laboratory mammals used in lung research, we examined tissue from adult male rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, hamsters and mice. Following fixation by airway infusion at constant pressure (30 cm H2O), lungs were processed by a selective embedding technique and bronchioles of known anatomic location were examined by electron microscopy. Nonciliated bronchiolar epithelium of all five species contained ovoid granules and abundant AER. Granules were most abundant in the rat (11.1 ± 8.8 per cell) and least in the hamster (4.4 ± 5.2 per cell). Granules were largest in hamster (0.72 ± 0.25 μm) versus 0.44 μm or less in the other species. Granules were of uniform electron density except in the guinea pig. AER was f...
Appropriation and Alienation at the Gastronomic Stage: The Marxist Dialectic of Humanism in Alberto Moravia's La Ciociara

Abstract La ciociara's juxtaposition of urban and country lifestyles, brought to the fore by the wartime food crisis, exposes a central theme in Moravia's narrative: private property in its alienating and constructive functions for the development of human agency in its creative and moral potentiality. I examine the Marxist underpinnings of Moravia's humanism and its representation through the most immediate form of private property, which is food. I argue that the gastronomic lifestyles of various social classes described in La ciociara illustrate the Marxist dialectic of property's use and exchange value. In the course of this dialectic the human agent moves from immediate to more mediated objects of appropriation, to their negation as fetishes of identity, and eventually to the qualitative reaffirmation of their use value, thus prompting the petty bourgeois protagonist to find the more profound roots of her humanity.
Conic blocking sets in Desarguesian projective planes

Define a conic blocking set to be a set of lines in a Desarguesian projective plane such that all conics meet these lines. Conic blocking sets can be used in determining if a collection of planes in projective three-space forms a flock of a quadratic cone. We discuss trivial conic blocking sets and conic blocking sets in planes of small order. We provide a construction for conic blocking sets in planes of non-prime order, and we make additional comments about the structure of these conic blocking sets in certain planes of even order.
Commentary: Ethics in Historical Perspective

The following comments were received in response to the commentary by Alexander M. Ervin, "The Ethics of Taking the Job in the First Place" (PA 15[2]:2,30-31). —P.J.H.
The effect of initiating oral contraceptive use on voice: a case study.

Summary Objective To examine the effects of initiating oral contraceptive (OC) use on spectrally based acoustic measures. Study Design Case history. Methods A 23-year-old female volunteered to participate in the study. Voice recordings were obtained during eight consecutive menstrual cycles: two cycles before the onset of OC use and six cycles after the initiation of OC use. Recordings consisted of three trials of the sustained vowel /ae/ and were obtained during the follicular phase (preovulation, days 9–11) and luteal phase (premenstruation, days 20–22) of each cycle. Measurements obtained included the following: (1) H1−H2, the ratio of the amplitude of the first harmonic to the amplitude of the second harmonic, which correlates to closed quotient duration; (2) H1−A1, the ratio of the amplitude of the first harmonic to the amplitude of the first formant, which correlates to glottal width; and (3) H1−A3, the ratio of the first harmonic to the amplitude of the third formant, which correlates to the abruptness of vocal fold closure. In addition, acoustic measures of voice perturbation, jitter, shimmer, and noise-to-harmonic ratio were measured. Results The participant exhibited changes in glottal characteristics in conjunction with initiation of OC use. Both the H1−H2 and H1−A1 differences changed with OC use relative to menstrual cycle phase. These two measures have been correlated with the glottal measures of closed quotient and glottal width, respectively. However, there was no significant change in the H1−A3 difference, indicating no effect of OC use on the speed of vocal fold closure. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that the onset of OC use can result in vocal changes as noted by different patterns of glottal adjustment across menstrual cycle phases.
EVALUATING CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS

Summary.--One of the most frequent criticisms leveled against using nonparametric statistics is their alleged Imk of power or sensitivity compared to their parametric counterparts. Empirical studies of the power of nonparametric procedures versus their parametric partners have shown that their lack of power, in many situations, is a myth. Where there is evidence that distributions depart appreciably from normality and the variances are not homogeneous, the probability is enhanced that the power advantage can be found in the nonparametric procedures.
Self-assembly and oligomerization of alkyne-terminated molecules on metal and oxide surfaces.

We report the self-assembly and subsequent oligomerization of organic molecules based on terthiophenes bearing a terminal alkyne moiety. Molecules with thioacetate and phosphonic acid functional groups were synthesized, enabling molecular self-assembly on metal (Au and Pd) and metal oxide [Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , and indium tin oxide (ITO)] surfaces, respectively. The molecules were assembled from solution and then oligomerized using either 2,5-norbornadiene-rhodium(I) chloride dimer or UV light. UV-vis and infrared absorption spectroscopies and electrochemical techniques show that the molecules assemble to form dense monolayers on the substrate surfaces and oligomerize under the action of a catalyst or UV light.
Protein kinase C is regulated in vivo by three functionally distinct phosphorylations

Abstract Background: Protein kinase Cs are a family of enzymes that transduce the plethora of signals promoting lipid hydrolysis. Here, we show that protein kinase C must first be processed by three distinct phosphorylations before it is competent to respond to second messengers. Results We have identified the positions and functions of the in vivo phosphorylation sites of protein kinase C by mass spectrometry and peptide sequencing of native and phosphatase-treated kinase from the detergent-soluble fraction of cells. Specifically, the threonine at position 500 (T500) on the activation loop, and T641 and S660 on the carboxyl terminus of protein kinase C β II are phosphorylated in vivo . T500 and S660 are selectively dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatase 2A to yield an enzyme that is still capable of lipid-dependent activation, whereas all three residues are dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 1 to yield an inactive enzyme. Biochemical analysis reveals that protein kinase C autophosphorylates on S660, that autophosphorylation on S660 follows T641 autophosphorylation, that autophosphorylation on S660 is accompanied by the release of protein kinase C into the cytosol, and that T500 is not an autophosphorylation site. Conclusion Structural and biochemical analyses of native and phosphatase-treated protein kinase C indicate that protein kinase C is processed by three phosphorylations. Firstly, trans-phosphorylation on the activation loop (T500) renders it catalytically competent to autophosphorylate. Secondly, a subsequent autophosphorylation on the carboxyl terminus (T641) maintains catalytic competence. Thirdly, a second autophosphorylation on the carboxyl terminus (S660) regulates the enzyme's subcellular localization. The conservation of each of these residues (or an acidic residue) in conventional, novel and atypical protein kinase Cs underscores the essential role for each in regulating the protein kinase C family.
Survivable Networks for the 21st Century TACs

Communication networks to support the 21st Century Tactical C3I centers for the Air Force Tactical Air Control System will be required to be survivable against the expected physical, electronic, and environmental threats on the future battlefield. New distributed architectures, technologies, mixed media transmission solutions, and local area networks are expected to play a dominant role to achieving the survivability needed. This paper discusses concepts, approaches, and possible solutions to realizing this survivability needed in future tactical C3I networking centers. It is based upon an eighteen month study being conducted for the Air Force (RADC) to define a highly survivable Multi-Media Local Area Network (MMLAN).
Pericerebellar fluid collections in infancy, sequelae of birth injury? A retrospective CT study.

Retrospective analysis of axial CT scans from 600 consecutive pediatric patients revealed 37 patients (6%) with abnormal low density pericerebellar spaces. Fourteen of these 37 patients (38%) were diagnosed as cerebellar atrophy, whereas 23 of the 37 patients (62%) were diagnosed as mass-like pericerebellar fluid collections. Detailed analysis of the morphology of these spaces suggests that the CT criteria proposed in this paper distinguish between (a) those low attenuation pericerebellar spaces that represent cisternal dilatation caused by cerebellar atrophy (Group I — Atrophy) and (b) those low attenuation pericerebellar spaces that represent low density mass-like collections of fluid which distort a relatively normal cerebellum (Group II — Collections). Analysis of the medical records of the patients in Group II — Collections reveal a high incidence of prematurity, developmental delay, difficult birth and head trauma, possibly indicating that such collections represent sequelae of birth.
Evaluation of image collection requirements for 3D reconstruction using phototourism techniques on sparse overhead data

Phototourism is a burgeoning field that uses collections of ground-based photographs to construct a three-dimensional model of a tourist site, using computer vision techniques. These techniques capitalize on the extensive overlap generated by the various visitor-acquired images from which a three-dimensional point cloud can be generated. From there, a facetized version of the structure can be created. Remotely sensed data tends to focus on nadir or near nadir imagery while trying to minimize overlap in order to achieve the greatest ground coverage possible during a data collection. A workflow is being developed at Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing (DIRS) Group at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) that utilizes these phototourism techniques, which typically use dense coverage of a small object or region, and applies them to remotely sensed imagery, which involves sparse data coverage of a large area. In addition to this, RIT has planned and executed a high-overlap image collection, using the RIT WASP system, to study the requirements needed for such three-dimensional reconstruction efforts. While the collection was extensive, the intention was to find the minimum number of images and frame overlap needed to generate quality point clouds. This paper will discuss the image data collection effort and what it means to generate and evaluate a quality point cloud for reconstruction purposes.
Abstract 1854: Metabolic cross talk between omental derived adipose stromal cells from lean and obese patients with ovarian cancer cells.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Advanced-stage ovarian cancers have been shown to be metastatic in peritoneal cavity. Ovarian cancer metastasis is diagnosed primarily in omentum which is a soft fatty pad that extends from stomach and covers the bowel. The location of excess adipose tissue appears to be an important factor which influences the effect of obesity on cancer incidence. For example, increased total body obesity is associated with relative risk of 1.14 of developing ovarian cancer. However, a waist to hip circumference ratio of >0.85 is associated with a much higher 8-fold increased risk of developing ovarian cancer. Individuals with greater waist to hip ratio generally have more visceral adipose including omental adipose. The tumor promoting effects of regional adipose may be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of a population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in adipose tissue. Adipose stem cells or adipose derived stromal cells (ASCs) are a multi-potent population of mesenchymal stem cells, which support cancer progression in many models. These cells are uniquely tumor tropic, migrating into tumor stroma from regional sources where they support formation of tumor stroma elements and promote tumor progression. Here, we use metabolic foot-printing approach to dissect the metabolic networks regulated by ASCs and ACs, as well as their role in imparting drug resistance to tumors by deregulating metabolic pathways in ovarian cancer cells. Importantly, we found that O-ASCs from obese patients differentially induce metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and that cancer cells induce reciprocal metabolic alterations and phenotypic changes in O-ASCs from lean patients. Citation Format: Bahar Salimian Rizi, Alexandra Nowicka, Ann H. Klopp, Deepak Nagrath. Metabolic cross talk between omental derived adipose stromal cells from lean and obese patients with ovarian cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1854. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1854
Relaxing the reciprocal error needed to achieve a fixed quotient error bound

High-performance arithmetic algorithms are often based on functional iteration and these algorithms do not directly produce a remainder. Without the remainder, rounding often requires additional computation or increased quotient precision. Often multiplicative divide algorithms compute the quotient as the product of the dividend and the reciprocal of the divisor, Q =a x (1/b). Typical rounding techniques require that the quotient error be less than a maximum bound such as 1/2 unit in the last place (ulp). When using normalized floating point numbers the quotient error may be approximately twice as large as the reciprocal error since a max ≃ 2 and Eq ≃ 2 x E r . If the rounding algorithm requires |E q | < 1/2 ulp, then the reciprocal error bound must be |E r | < 1/4 ulp. This work proposes a quantitative method to relax the reciprocal error bound for normalized floating point numbers to achieve a fixed quotient error bound. The proposed error bound of E r < 1/(2 x b) guarantees the quotient error, Eq < 1/2 ulp and the reciprocal error is in the range of 1/4 to 1/2 ulp. Using the relaxed error bound, the reciprocal error may be greater in the region where it is hardest to compute without increasing the quotient error bound.
Measurement of Creativity: Review and Critique

Presently available criteria of creativity are reviewed and classified into ten categories: tests of divergent thinking, attitude and interest inventories, personality inventories, biographical inventories, teacher nominations, peer nominations, supervisor ratings, judgments of products, eminence and self-reported creative activities and achievements. These techniques for measuring creativity are then criticized in terms of their reliability, discriminant validity, dimensionality and convergent validity. It is concluded that an inventory of self-reported creative activities and accomplishments is the most defensible technique for selecting creative individuals.
Availability of Soybean Hull Iron Fed to Humans in a Mixed, Western Meal

Century soybeans were grown in a greenhouse and labeled by stem injection of iron-59. The intrinsically labled soybean hulls were incorporated into bread rolls and fed in mixed meals containing beef to six free-living female volunteers. Iron-59 retention, measured by whole body counting of these volunteers, was compared with retention from similar meals containing extrinsically labeled soybean hulls or bakery grade ferrous sulfate. Iron-59 retention averaged 23% from meals containing the intrinsically labeled soybean hulls, 18% from meals containing extrinsically labeled soybean hulls, and 22% from meals containing bakery grade ferrous sulfate. There were no statistically significant differences in retention among the various iron sources, indicating that soybean hulls were an excellent source of iron for bread enrichment.
An Unidentified Patristic Quotation in Jerome’s Commentary on Galatians(3.6.11)

In his Commentary on Galatians (3.6.11) Jerome quotes and criticizes an interpretation of Galatians 6:11 which reads the verse as showing that Paul was unable to write Greek. This article rejects the attribution of the quotation to Chrysostom and suggests instead that it is taken from Eusebius of Emesa. Jerome is known to have used Eusebius' Commentary on Galatians elsewhere in his own and criticizes Eusebius in similar words to the commentary in his Quaestiones hebraicae in Genesim. It is further suggested that Eusebius' own experience of bilingualism may have shaped his perception of Paul's difficulty, and that his interpretation may have influenced Chrysostom's strictures on Paul's inability to write Greek clearly.
Green HgCl(B2Σ+→X2Σ+) laser

Lasing action on the v=0→v′=22 transition of the B2Σ+→X2Σ+ band of HgCl has been observed. Electron beam excitation of Ar/Xe/Hg/CCl4 or CCl3Br mixtures produced oscillation at 557.62 and 558.35 (±0.15) nm. The mercury‐halide family appears promising as an efficient source of line‐tunable stimulated emission in the blue‐green region of the spectrum.
Citing the Sun: Marc Jacobs, Olafur Eliasson, and the Fashion Show

AbstractNumerous visual allusions to and citations of the global art world proliferate in the objects and events of luxury fashion of the recent past. By analyzing the reappearance of Olafur Eliasson's 2003 installation The Weather Project as the setting for Marc Jacobs’ Fall 2013 collection show, this article examines the formal sympathies between large-scale installation art and the luxury fashion show. Such intersections of fashion and art alter the disciplinary boundaries and reshape the status of both fields. Repeatedly utilizing the sun as a visual metaphor, Eliasson and Jacobs encourage a notion of authorship that seeks not only to design significant objects but also to control the space and event of perception itself.
Neural mechanisms underlying balance improvement with short term Tai Chi training

Background and aims: Though previous research has shown that Tai Chi reduces falls risk in older adults, no studies have examined underlying neural mechanisms responsible for balance improvement. We aimed to determine the efficacy of Tai Chi training in improving neuromuscular response characteristics underlying balance control in balance-impaired older adults. Methods: Twenty-two balance-impaired older adults were randomly divided into Tai Chi (TC) or control groups. Nineteen subjects (age 68–92, BERG 44 or less) completed the study. TC training included repetitive exercises using TC motor and biomechanical strategies, techniques, and postural elements. Control training included axial mobility exercises, balance/awareness education and stress reduction. Groups trained 1.5 hours/day, 5 days/week for 3 weeks. After post-testing the control group received TC training. Subjects walked across a force plate triggered to move forward 15 cm at 40 cm/sec at heel strike. Tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (GA) responses during balance recovery were measured with electromyograms (EMGs). Four clinical measures of balance were also recorded. Results: TC subjects, but not controls, significantly reduced both TA response time from 148.92±45.11 ms to 98.67±17.22 ms (p≤0.004) and occurrence of co-contraction of antagonist muscles (p≤0.003) of the perturbed leg. Clinical balance measures also significantly improved after TC. Conclusions: TC enhanced neuromuscular responses controlling the ankle pint of the perturbed leg. Fast, accurate neuromuscular activation is crucial for efficacious response to slips or trips.
Additive Compensatory Effects of Cardiac Troponin I and Cardiac Troponin T N-Terminal Truncations on the Disease Phenotypes of a Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutation (E180G) of α-Tropomyosin

A naturally occurring proteolytic N-terminal truncation of cardiac troponin I (cTnI-ND) has been shown to compensate for functional abnormalities caused by cardiomyopathic mutations. A proteolytic N-terminal truncation of cardiac TnT (cTnT-ND) elongates ventricular ejection time to compensate for cardiac output against high pressure load. To investigate the mechanisms for these troponin modifications to modulate the function of cardiac muscle thin filament, we produced transgenic mouse lines co-expressing cTnI-ND and/or cTnT-ND with a family hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation of cardiac α-tropomyosin (TM-E180G). The over expression of TM-E180G resulted in ∼90% replacement of endogenous α-tropomyosin in the cardiac muscle with normal total stoichiometry. Functional studies in ex vivo working hearts of 2-month-old TM-E180G mice showed lower diastolic velocity and higher left ventricular diastolic pressure, indicating higher Ca2+ sensitivity. β-MHC expression together with myocardial fibrosis was found in the left ventricle of 28-day and 2-month-old TM-E180G mice with early failing phenotypes (lower stroke volume and lower systolic velocity). In double and triple transgenic mouse hearts, expression of cTnI-ND and/or cTnT-ND decreased the occurrence of β-MHC in TM-E180G mouse hearts. Functional studies showed cTnI-ND+cTnT-ND did not override the contractile phenotype of TM E180G mutation but had beneficial effects on improving stroke volume and reducing fibrosis, with additive effects in the triple transgenic hearts. While TM-E180G mice usually die between 4 and 5 months of age, cardiac function of TM-E180G+cTnI-ND+cTnT-ND triple transgenic mice remained apparently normal at 10-11 months of age as shown by the compensated heart function and cardiac efficiency with minimal β-MHC occurrence. These results demonstrated compensatory effects of posttranslational modifications of troponin on the functional abnormality of tropomyosin for potential applications in the treatment of heart failure.
Analysis of major classes of plant lipids by high-performance liquid chromatography with flame ionization detection.

Abstract Although HPLC has been successfully used to separate most types of biomolecules, the lack of a quantitative detection technique has prevented the application of this powerful separation tool for the direct analysis of classes of plant lipids. The commercial availability of a reliable flame ionization detector (FID) has now opened up this field. We have developed a ternary gradient system (isooctane-isopropanol-water) which will separate all of the common classes of nonpolar lipids, galactolipids and phospholipids present in most plant tissues. The lower limits of detection utilizing this system are ca 1 μg of each lipid component per injection. Standards of 23 common plant lipids could be resolved with this new technique. The HPLC-FID system was used to provide a quantitative analysis of the lipid classes in potato leaves, potato tubers, corn roots, tobacco leaves and spinach leaves.
Acid-base account effectiveness for determination of mine waste potential acidity

Abstract The oxidation of sulfide minerals in mine waste is a widespread source of resource degradation, often resulting in the generation of acidic water and mobilization of heavy metals. The quantity of acid forming minerals present in mine waste, dominantly as pyrite (FeS2) is routinely determined by acid-base account (ABA) analytical methods. The acid-base account method specifies the use of extraction techniques to determine the total quantity of acid forming sulfur compounds in a sample relative to the neutralizing potential. However, when common sulfide and sulfate minerals were subjected to ABA extraction methods, the ABA method failed to distinguish accurately the acid forming from nonacid forming minerals, resulting in errors in the determination of potential acidity. These analytical errors are subsequently reflected in inaccurate liming of acid producing waste materials resulting in either excessive cost when potential acidity is overestimated, or potential reclamation failure when potential acidity is underestimated.
Identifying and Assessing Managerial Value Orientations: A Cross-Generational Replication Study of Key Organizational Decision-Makers’ Values

This research investigates managerial value orientations (MVO) using the Rokeach Value Survey to assess the importance managers assign to various values. While prior work and select organizational theory posit that MVO will not change over time, the data are analyzed to determine if the MVO of mid- to upper-level managers, the key decision-makers in most organizations, has remained generally the same or has changed from one generation to another. The results show that the MVO of managers from 1990 is significantly different than the MVO of managers today. The greatest difference lies in the MVO area of competence versus moral values, with more managers emphasizing a moral value orientation than previously. Therefore, the data indicate there is a noticeable shift in MVO over the past 20+ years (late 1980s to early 2010s). The implications of the results reported are discussed, along with suggestions for future managerial values research.
A SURVEY OF DARK MATTER DIRECT DETECTION SEARCHES AND TECHNIQUES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY

It is now well established and accepted that roughly 25% of the total mass-energy density of the Universe is in the form of non-relativistic particles. That these particles, referred to as Dark Matter, have remained a mystery has served as motivation for the design and implementation of increasingly ingenious and far reaching experiments in an attempt to identify and understand them. This paper will review various ongoing Dark Matter searches with focus on the variety of techniques and implementation used to both detect the rare Dark Matter interactions as well as reject the vast number of background events.
A Novel Membrane-associated Glycovariant of BEHAB/Brevican Is Up-regulated during Rat Brain Development and in a Rat Model of Invasive Glioma

BEHAB (brain-enriched hyaluronan-binding protein)/brevican is the most abundant chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the extracellular matrix of the adult rat brain. BEHAB/brevican expression is up-regulated coincident with glial cell proliferation and/or motility, including during early central nervous system development and in invasive glioma. An understanding of the molecular interactions that mediate BEHAB/brevican function is still in its infancy because of the existence of several BEHAB/brevican isoforms, each of which may mediate different functions. Here, we describe a novel BEHAB/brevican isoform, B/b130, and demonstrate that it is neither the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked splice variant of BEHAB/brevican nor a cleavage product of the full-length protein (B/b150). B/b130 is an underglycosylated isoform of BEHAB/brevican, lacking glycosaminoglycan chains as well as most of the sugars that invest B/b150. B/b130 localizes exclusively to the particulate fraction of rat brain and associates with the cell membrane by a previously undescribed calcium-independent mechanism. In addition, B/b130 is the major isoform of BEHAB/brevican that is up-regulated in a rat model of invasive glioma and may therefore contribute to the invasive ability of glioma cells. Further understanding of BEHAB/brevican isoforms will advance our knowledge of the function of this ECM component and may help identify new potential therapeutic targets for primary brain tumors.
Diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome

A case of Eagle's syndrome is presented. Although the incidence of styloid process elongation in the population is fairly common, only a small percentage of these patients exhibit symptoms associated with Eagle's syndrome. It is important for the dental practitioner to be aware of this anomaly and to understand its anatomic basis.
Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases in human lymphocytes

The function of lymphocytes, like platelets, has been shown to be inhibited by agents which increase intracellular cyclic AMP. Two high-affinity cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs), the cyclic GMP-inhibited cAMP phosphodiesterase, PDE3, and the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4, are known to regulate cAMP concentration in haemopoietic cells by degrading cAMP to AMP. We characterized the relative contribution of the two PDEs to total lymphocyte PDE activity. We then determined which of the different gene products, PDE3A, typical of myocardium and platelets, or PDE3B, typical of adipocytes, were present in lymphocytes. The PDE3-specific inhibitor, milrinone, and the PDE4 inhibitor, rolipram, suppressed hydrolysis by 70% and 30% respectively, which indicated that both PDE4 and PDE3 were present, and that PDE3 was predominant. RT-PCR yields the expected size fragment for the primer pair PDE3B and not for PDE3A. The DNA sequence obtained had >95% identity with PDE3B. PDE3B appears to be the major cAMP PDE in lymphocytes. In contrast to human platelets, human lymphocytes appear to contain the PDE3B subtype. Since PDE3B in adipocytes is subject to hormonal regulation, lymphocytes may be similarly modulated. Understanding the role of cAMP regulation and the involvement of cAMP in lymphocyte function may have important implications in drug development.
Differential Item Functioning Detection Across Two Methods of Defining Group Comparisons: Pairwise and Composite Group Comparisons

This study compares two methods of defining groups for the detection of differential item functioning (DIF): (a) pairwise comparisons and (b) composite group comparisons. We aim to emphasize and empirically support the notion that the choice of pairwise versus composite group definitions in DIF is a reflection of how one defines fairness in DIF studies. In this study, a simulation was conducted based on data from a 60-item ACT Mathematics test (ACT; Hanson & Beguin). The unsigned area measure method (Raju) was used as the DIF detection method. An application to operational data was also completed in the study, as well as a comparison of observed Type I error rates and false discovery rates across the two methods of defining groups. Results indicate that the amount of flagged DIF or interpretations about DIF in all conditions were not the same across the two methods, and there may be some benefits to using composite group approaches. The results are discussed in connection to differing definitions of fairness. Recommendations for practice are made.