cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
No as a discourse marker

Abstract The English discourse marker yeah is widely recognized to hold several functions, doing the work not only of agreement and acknowledgment, but also topic management and speaker shift. In contrast, little attention has been paid to no, intuitively its opposite in meaning. Through detailed study of turn-initial tokens of no extracted from corpora of recorded conversations, I propose three senses of no as a discourse marker, on the basis of their pragmatic, semantic, and turn-sequential characteristics. These senses do the work of (i) topic shift, (ii) misunderstanding management, and (iii) turn-taking conflict resolution. While they share key semantic and pragmatic features with other DM and non-DM senses of no, especially negation and indexicality, they are distinguished from each other and other senses by their position within the utterance and larger discourse. I point out the significance of the existence of these senses for examination of complex discourse markers, and for the representation of ongoing discourse.
Economic Essentials of Online Publishing with Associated Trends and Patterns

This article takes a look at the common types of revenues and expenses prevalent in the online publishing world, and examines the economic trends and contrasts of upstart entities vs. larger, more established organizations. Through the use of examples and case studies, we surface information that is useful in managing for economic value.
Data collection and analysis to improve the quality and effectiveness of recycling education programs

Abstract Although recycling participation rates and the success of recycling programs is determined by a multitude of social, economic and political factors, community participation is paramount in determining if recycling programs will accomplish their objectives. Research has tended to focus on the scientific aspects of waste reduction and management, but new concerns are about cost effectiveness factors. A considerable amount of money has been spent on recycling education/information programs with little or no measurement of the effects or results of these expenditures. This article reports the results of a survey of Florida's 67 counties to determine whether advertising media choices for recycling education/information programs were related to recycling rates. A mathematical model was developed which indicated correlations as well as predictability. Florida's recycling information/education effort is still new and does not yet provide a sufficient historical record of trends. This research provided some trend information through regression analysis techniques, but more importantly, suggests a framework for future analysis. It also revealed the deficiencies in current county and state data collection methods. Some of the lessons learned will permit a more accurate charting of the long-term results of dollar expenditures on media advertising for each county.
Solidification in immiscible alloys

Abstract Low-gravity processing of immiscible alloys is usually associated with an attempt to prevent sedimentation of the higher density liquid phase in order to form a dispersed microstructure. However, there are many factors in addition to gravity level which can influence the structures produced. These factors include crucible wetting by one of the immiscible phases during low-gravity processing, which often leads to complete separation of the immiscible phases. Attempts at containerless, low-gravity processing indicate that alloy wetting behavior may have a dramatic influence on the ability to form a dispersed microstructure. For directional solidification, alloy composition, thermal gradient, solidification rate, miscibility gap height, and convective stability all have a significant influence on the final structures obtained. This paper discusses the conditions necessary for the production of desired microstructures in each of these processing techniques.
Evaluation of the global implementation of the UNIDO-UNEP National Cleaner Production Centres (NCPC) Programme

Since 1994 UNIDO and UNEP cooperate in a Programme to establish National Cleaner Production Centres (NCPCs) in developing and transition countries. An evaluation was conducted in 2007 when the Programme covered 37 countries. The programme evaluation was based on three information sources: a review of Programme strategy and management; self-evaluation by NCPC directors; and independent reviews of 18 NCPCs. It was found that NCPCs had been successful in putting Cleaner Production (CP) on the agenda of business and government, training of professional staff, implementation of low and intermediate technology options in assisted companies and policy change in some countries. An overall assessment was made on six assessment criteria: relevance; effectiveness; efficiency; sustainability; capacity development; and ownership. Limitations in articulation and implementation of the Programme strategy, the complexity of inter-agency cooperation and diversity among Programme countries globally, had a somewhat negative impact on the programme assessment, which was regardless on average satisfactory. It was concluded that the Programme had great potential, as relevance of CP was rising, due to worsening industrial pollution, resource scarcity, globalisation and resulting market pressure. The challenge remained to adapt to the changing interests and diversifying demands from governments and private sector globally.
Efficient finite element modelling of reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with fibre reinforced polymers

This paper presents a new simple and efficient two-dimensional frame finite element (FE) able to accurately estimate the load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams flexurally strengthened with externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) strips and plates. The proposed FE, denoted as FRP-FB-beam, considers distributed plasticity with layer-discretization of the cross-sections in the context of a force-based (FB) formulation. The FRP-FB-beam element is able to model collapse due to concrete crushing, reinforcing steel yielding, FRP rupture and FRP debonding. The FRP-FB-beam is used to predict the load-carrying capacity and the applied load-midspan deflection response of RC beams subjected to three- and four-point bending loading. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements are compared based on numerous tests available in the literature and published by different authors. The numerically simulated responses agree remarkably well with the corresponding experimental results. The major features of this frame FE are its simplicity, computational efficiency and weak requirements in terms of FE mesh refinement. These useful features are obtained together with accuracy in the response simulation comparable to more complex, advanced and computationally expensive FEs. Thus, the FRP-FB-beam is suitable for efficient and accurate modelling and analysis of flexural strengthening of RC frame structures with externally bonded FRP sheets/plates and for practical use in design-oriented parametric studies.
The large-scale integration of high-performance silicon nanowire field effect transistors

In this work we present a CMOS-compatible self-aligning process for the large-scale-integration of high-performance nanowire field effect transistors with well-saturated drain currents, steep subthreshold slopes at low drain voltage and a large on/off current ratio (>10(7)). The subthreshold swing is as small as 45 mV/dec, which is substantially beyond the thermodynamic limit (60 mV/dec) of conventional planar MOSFETs. These excellent device characteristics are achieved by using a clean integration process and a device structure that allows effective gate-channel-source coupling to tune the source/drain Schottky barriers at the nanoscale.
A genetic study of unilateral incompatibility between diploid (1EBN) Mexican species Solanum pinnatisectum and S. cardiophyllum subsp. cardiophyllum

Many angiosperms have developed mechanisms to prevent self pollination and inbreeding. The most widespread system of self incompatibility is gametophytic, in which pollen tube growth is inhibited in the style by the action of a single locus (S-locus). Similar inhibition of pollen tube growth can also be observed in interspecific crosses, where successful pollinations occur in only one direction, termed unilateral incompatibility. We observed unilateral incompatibility in crosses between Solanum pinnatisectum and S. cardiophyllum, and viable interspecific hybrid seed was generated only when S. pinnatisectum was the pistillate parent. Segregations in the backcross to S. cardiophyllum revealed two independently segregating putative loci controlling interspecific crossability. Both putative loci were inherited independently of the S-locus. Segregation ratios in the backcross to the S. pinnatisectum parent did not agree with those observed in the backcross to the S. cardiophyllum parent. These reciprocal backcross families revealed that unilateral incompatibility is not conditioned by a single locus, and is inherited independently of the S-locus. Segregation disparity between the two backcross families may be due to distorted transfer of specific alleles or the presence of different mechanisms controlling pistil and pollen recognition systems in the two species.
International Trade and Poverty Alleviation

Empirical studies suggest that trade reform has a positive effect on employment and income for the poor; however, there are winners and losers. If the transitional costs of trade liberalization fall disproportionately on the poor, trade reform can be designed to mitigate these effects. This includes making reforms as broad based as possible, sequencing and phasing them to allow for adjustment, and implementing social safety nets and other reforms that facilitate adjustment to the new trade policy. In assessing these findings, it should be borne in mind that the links between trade reform and poverty are complex, making systematic empirical investigations difficult.
Exploring the Ownership and Persistent Value of Facebook Content

In this paper, we present the results of a study examining 244 participants' attitudes about the value, ownership, and control of social network data. We use Facebook-based scenarios to elicit reactions to hypothetical statements about saving social network content that belongs to others, reusing, repurposing, and monetizing social network data, and removing social network content that is not specifically one's own. Participants also report on their own practices in each of these areas. Findings not only address issues related to ownership, but also explore the use of social networks as documentary records, and the discrepancies between participants' perceptions of how they would like their social network content to be used, and how it is actually used.
Midterm Surgical Outcomes of Noncomplicated Active Native Multivalve Endocarditis: Single-Center Experience

Background Surgical treatment for endocarditis is still challenging and only a handful of studies have analyzed surgical outcomes in patients with active multivalvular endocarditis. Methods From June 1996 to October 2007, 152 patients underwent surgery for active native valve endocarditis; 117 patients with single-valve endocarditis and 35 patients with multivalvular endocarditis. Preoperative and postoperative data were retrospectively reviewed to determine risk factors for early and late mortality. Results One-year and 5-year survival were 78.6% ± 3.8% and 54.8% ± 5.3% in the single-valve group, and 74.3% ± 7.4% and 64.8% ± 8.3% in the multivalve group, respectively (log-rank 0.64). The rates of valve replacement were significantly higher in the single-valve group than in the multivalve group in all sites except the pulmonary valve. Freedom from reoperation was 90.0% ± 3.6% in the single-valve group and 79.5% ± 8.5% in the multivalve group in 5 years (log-rank 0.30). No recurrence of endocarditis was noted in the multivalve group, while 4 patients (3.4%) had recurrence in the single-valve group during the follow-up period ( p = 0.57). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups. Multivariate analysis of the multivalve group identified postoperative renal failure as a predictor of late mortality with no predictors identified for early mortality, reoperation, and recurrence. Statistical analysis of the overall cohorts showed multivalve endocarditis was not an independent predictor of early and late mortality. Conclusions Surgical treatment for active, native, and noncomplicated multivalve endocarditis was associated with respectable early and late morbidity and mortality comparable with single-valve endocarditis, and was not an independent predictor of early and late mortality.
Treatment of a fatal transplantable erythroleukemia by procedures that lower endogenous erythropoietin

The in vitro growth of primary erythroleukemia cells has been examined in the presence and absence of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO). Although these leukemic cells had previously been considered to be hormone-independent, addition of EPO was found to be essential for maximum growth in culture. Erythroid colonies that grew in the presence of EPO were leukemogenic when returned to mice. Influence of EPO on the in vivo growth of leukemic cells was indicated by our findings that (1) administration of the hormone caused a more severe leukemia and rapid death, and (2) transfusion of red blood cells, which lowers endogenous EPO, led to decreased spleen size and increased survival of leukemic mice. We suggest from our results that hormone-associated therapy might be efficacious in the treatment of this and, perhaps, other leukemias.
Descriptions of the Prezoeae of Cancer Magister Dana and Cancer Productus Randall and the Larval Stages of Cancer Antennarius Stimpson (Decapoda, Brachyura) 1)

[Die Ausbreitung von Cancer magister Dana, C. productus Randall und C. antennarius Stimpson vollzieht sich primar in Form freischwimmender Prazoeae. Diese durchlaufen eine nur kurze pelagische Phase. Die Prazoeae werden beschrieben. Die Larven von C. antennarius wurden im Laboratorium gezuchtet; dabei stellte sich heraus, dass 5 Zoea-Stadien und 1 Megalopa-Stadium nach dem Prazoea-Stadium durchlaufen werden. Die Zoea-Stadien und das Megalopa-Stadium werden beschrieben und mit den Stadien von C. magister (cf. Poole, 1966) und C. productus (cf. Trask, 1970) verglichen., Die Ausbreitung von Cancer magister Dana, C. productus Randall und C. antennarius Stimpson vollzieht sich primar in Form freischwimmender Prazoeae. Diese durchlaufen eine nur kurze pelagische Phase. Die Prazoeae werden beschrieben. Die Larven von C. antennarius wurden im Laboratorium gezuchtet; dabei stellte sich heraus, dass 5 Zoea-Stadien und 1 Megalopa-Stadium nach dem Prazoea-Stadium durchlaufen werden. Die Zoea-Stadien und das Megalopa-Stadium werden beschrieben und mit den Stadien von C. magister (cf. Poole, 1966) und C. productus (cf. Trask, 1970) verglichen.]
PLATINUM, FUEL CELLS, AND FUTURE US ROAD TRANSPORT

Abstract The rate at which fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) might displace the conventional fleet is examined under constraints imposed by the limited availability of platinum. It concludes that a transition period as short as 31 years is not feasible. Under the most favorable circumstances, a complete transition of the US fleet to this new technology would require about 66 years and 10,800 net tonnes of platinum. Platinum demand for the US auto industry alone would amount to 48% of world production during much of that transition period. The effect of that demand on the price of platinum would add to the problem of reducing vehicle cost to a competitive range. If US platinum consumption were to remain at its current level of 16% of annual world production, fleet conversion would require 146 years. These results imply that, without alternative catalysts, fuel cells alone cannot adequately address the issues facing the current system of road transport.
An integrated system for estimating crop quality based on remotely sensed imagery and GIS data

A method for estimating grain quality of winter wheat using Landsat Thematic Mapper data and GIS data is presented, and it gave the development and application of the Geographical Information Application system for estimating wheat grain quality. The system, supported by COMGIS, JModel-Base Management System and other advanced Spatial Information Technologies, can deal with the fusion analysis of remotely sensed data, GIS data and other multisources data, flexible management of models and knowledge
Primary and metastatic liver cancer

Objectives To review liver physiology, the disease process, diagnostic tests, and current treatment options for primary and metastatic liver cancer. Data sources Research studies, review articles, and textbooks relating to liver cancer. Conclusions Surgical resection offers the best available treatment modality, but only a small percentage of patients are eligible. However, combined treatment of radiation therapy and chemotherapy (systemic and intra-arterial), as well as chemoembolization, cryosurgery, and transplantation, offers hope of palliation, conversion of unresectable to resectable disease, and prolonged survival. Implications for nursing practice Understanding and knowledge of the disease process and treatment modalities for primary and metastatic liver cancer will assist the oncology nurse in educating patients and families during their diagnostic and treatment phases.
Iliac artery stenosis masquerading as diuretic resistant congestive heart failure

Iliac artery stenosis is a rare cause of renal dysfunction in renal allograft recipients. Its presence can mimic renovascular hypertension and yet alter the very radiologic tests used to diagnose renal artery stenosis. We investigate a case of iliac artery stenosis that presented with diuretic resistant fluid overload, hypertension and limb claudication that exposed the pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of this condition. Successful stent placement, 8 months after transplant, resulted in return of the serum creatinine below the post-transplant nadir.
Expression profiling of heat stress effects on mice fed ergot alkaloids.

Fescue toxicosis affects wild and domestic animals consuming ergot alkaloids contained in tall fescue forage infected with the endophytic fungus, Neotyphodium coenophialum. When animals are consuming infected fescue (E+) forage during periods of elevated ambient temperatures (summer), a range of phenotypic disorders collectively called summer slump is observed. It is characterized by hyperthermia, with an accompanying decrease in feed intake, growth, milk yield, and reproductive fitness. Laboratory mice also exhibit symptoms of fescue toxicosis at thermoneutral (TN) temperature, as indicated by reduced growth rate and reproductive fitness. Our goal was to characterize the differences in gene expression in liver of mice exposed to summer-type heat stress (HS) and E+ when compared to mice fed E+ at TN temperature. Mice were fed E+ diet under HS (34 ± 1C; n = 13; E+HS) or TN conditions (24 ± 1C; n = 14; E+TN) for a period of 2 weeks between 47 and 60 days of age. Genes differentially expressed between E+HS versus E+TN were identified using DNA microarrays. Forty-one genes were differentially expressed between treatment groups. Expressions of eight genes were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Genes coding for phase I detoxification enzymes were upregulated in E+HS mouse liver. This detoxification pathway is known to produce reactive oxidative species. We observed an upregulation of genes involved in the protection against reactive oxidative species. Key genes involved in de novo lipogenesis and lipid transport were also upregulated. Finally, genes involved in DNA damage control and unfolded protein responses were downregulated.
A Time Series of Agulhas Undercurrent Transport

Abstract A 550-day record of Agulhas Undercurrent transport between March 2003 and August 2004 is constructed from five deep moorings placed on the continental shelf off South Africa at nominally 32°S. The vertical and lateral scales of the undercurrent are estimated to be 2000 m and 40 km, respectively, using the average of seven direct velocity sections, predominantly taken in austral autumn over a 10-yr period from 1995 to 2005. Peak speeds in the undercurrent are some of the greatest ever seen at depth: over 90 cm s−1 at 1400 m. The undercurrent has a transport of 4.2 ± 5.2 Sv (1 Sv = 1 × 106 m3 s−1), in close agreement with a previous estimate from a single current meter record during 1995 of 4.2 ± 2.9 Sv. Records below 1800 m, within the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) layer of the undercurrent, show a higher level of coherence and less variance than those at intermediate depths. On average, 2.3 ± 3.0 Sv of NADW is carried northeastward within the undercurrent, an amount similar to that estimated p...
Position control of a PMSM using conditional integrators

We study the application of the "conditional integrator" technique to position control of a permanent magnet stepper motor. This is a recent approach to the output regulation of minimum-phase nonlinear systems, that results in better transient performance over conventional integral control. Global regulation results are provided for state-feedback control and semi-global results under output-feedback. Simulation results show that good tracking performance is achieved, in spite of partial knowledge of the machine parameters.
Pseudotumor of the pericardium.

A 2-year-old girl presented with signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade preceded by upper respiratory tract infection. A two-dimensional echocardiogram was suggestive of an intrapericardiac tumor. Exploration of the pericardium revealed a large amount of dense amber-colored ``coagulated material.'' Microscopic examination of the material and the pericardium was diagnostic of acute pericarditis. Based on this experience we propose the term pseudotumor of the pericardium for this form of coagulated pus. We also propose that this term should be added to the differential diagnosis of intrapericardiac tumor.
Demand-specific alteration of medial prefrontal cortex response during an inhibition task in recovered anorexic women.

Objective: It is well known that individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) are inhibited and over-controlled. This study investigated a prefrontal-cingulate network that is involved in inhibitory control. To avoid the confounds of malnutrition, 12 recovered (RAN) subjects were compared to 12 matched control women (CW) using a validated inhibition task (i.e., a stop signal task) during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Consistent with the a priori hypothesis, RAN subjects showed altered task-related activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a critical node of the inhibitory control network. Specifically, whereas RAN and CW showed similar mPFC acitivity during trials when inhibitory demand was low (i.e., easy trials), RAN relative to CW showed significantly less mPFC activation as inhibition trials became more difficult (i.e., hard trials), suggesting a demand-specific modulation of inhibitory control circuitry in RAN. Discussion: These findings support a neural basis for altered impulse control symptoms in AN V C 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Punishing Dangerousness: Cloaking Preventive Detention as Criminal Justice

This paper argues that the criminal justice system is increasingly shifting its focus away from desert - moral blameworthiness - as its principle for distributing criminal liability and punishment, and toward incapacitation of dangerous persons. Despite the shift, however, the system has continued to advertise itself as being one of doing justice. There are good reasons why the system should want to cloak what is essentially preventive detention as deserved punishment. The paper argues, however, that such cloaking is bad both for the system's ability to do justice and for its ability to provide community protection. The present mixed criminal justice system is sufficiently flawed, it argues, that both community and detainees would be better off with a separate civil system that openly provides preventive detention, leaving the criminal justice system to be guided by an offender's desert, not dangerousness.
Excessive Nitric Oxide Function and Blood Pressure Regulation in Patients With Autonomic Failure

Approximately 50% of patients with autonomic failure (AF) suffer from supine hypertension, even those with very low plasma norepinephrine and renin. Because NO is arguably the most potent metabolic modulator of blood pressure, we hypothesized that impaired NO function contributes to supine hypertension in AF. However, we found that AF patients (n=14) were more sensitive to the pressor effects of the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine, suggesting increased NO function rather than deficiency; a lower dose of N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine was needed to produce a similar increase in blood pressure in AF patients, as in healthy control subjects in whom AF was induced with the ganglionic blocker trimethaphan (171+/-37 mg versus 512+/-81 mg, respectively; P=0.001). Furthermore, potentiation of the actions of endogenous NO with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor sildenafil (25 mg PO) decreased nighttime supine systolic blood pressure from 182+/-11 to 138+/-4 mm Hg in 8 AF patients with supine hypertension (P=0.012 compared with placebo). Finally, AF patients tolerated a greater degree of upright tilt during infusion of N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (56+/-6 degrees versus 41+/-4 degrees with placebo; n=7; P=0.014), an improvement in orthostatic tolerance similar to that obtained with equipressor doses of phenylephrine. In conclusion, AF patients do not have NO deficiency contributing to supine hypertension. Instead, they have increased NO function contributing to their orthostatic hypotension. Potentiation of NO could be used in the treatment of supine hypertension, and its inhibition offers a novel approach to improve orthostatic hypotension.
GuideShoes: navigation based on musical patterns

One of the most ubiquitous tasks we have to perform is the need to find our way to unknown destinations. We are left alone to deal with maps, ask people for directions, and understand their instructions. How can we avoid this frustrating and time-consuming process? How can we help all the people who can't or won't use printed or spoken instructions (little kids, the visually-impaired, or users occupied with other urgent tasks)?This paper describes GuideShoes, a wearable system that uses aesthetic forms of expression for direct information delivery. This is a first tool to utilize music as an information medium and musical patterns as a means for navigation in an open space, such as a street. GuideShoes provides musical navigational cues in the background, thus reducing the problem of cognitive information overload.The system consists of a pair of shoes, equipped with a GPS, wireless modem, MIDI synthesizer, CPU, and a base station that acts as the central unit for data processing.
Electrical Conductivity of A12O3: Fe + Y

High-temperature dc electrical conductivity and emf of oxygen concentration cells with A12O3 as the electrolyte were studied. The defect structure of α-Al2O3 doped with Fe and Y was investigated to test an explanation proposed for the favorable effect of Y addition to super alloys (Fe, Cr, Ni, Al) which leads to well-adherent and nonconvoluted A12O3 oxide scales. Results indicate that Y is a singly ionizable donor in Al2O3 and Y additions are effective in compensating Fe acceptors in A12O3 at iron concentrations up to the solubility limit of Y. At higher acceptor concentrations leading to a decrease in [V“‘Al] and an increase in [Al…i], incorporation of Y leads to a small increase in the concentration of V’”Al. This suggests that the mechanism proposed for the prevention of oxide scale spallation based on the Y donor action to suppress the bulk diffusion of aluminum interstitials created by the Fe acceptors cannot explain the effect. Energy level positions of Fe and Y in A12O3 are estimated, and values for electron and hole mobility at 1500°C are derived.
Mexican American Adolescent Couples Communicating About Conflict: An Integrated Developmental and Cultural Perspective

Using observational methods on a small sample of committed Mexican American couples (N=10, ages 15-17, M length of relationship = 26.5 months), we describe and categorize developmental and cultural communication patterns concerning the negotiation of conflict issues. Videotaped dyadic interactions were transcribed and qualitatively coded using iterative confirmatory and exploratory approaches. Quantitative indicators confirmed the categorization of couples into discourse styles, as well as elucidated the contexts and extent of overlap of developmental and cultural themes. Nine of ten couples had a serious discussion of relational conflict issues, lasting a majority of the time allotted (14 minutes). Five couples’ conversations were consumed by blaming/criticizing, interrupted by small stretches of one-sided taking of responsibility, suggestions, or voiced intentions for new behaviors to resolve the conflict. The remaining four couples enhanced their understanding of the relationship through mutual and res...
A daily diary study: Working to change the relationship and relational uncertainty in understanding positive relationship quality

We collected daily diary data from 165 couples (N = 330) in romantic relationships to examine how working to change the relationship and relational uncertainty influence positive relationship quality (i.e., closeness, satisfaction, and commitment). We used concepts from the investment model and literature on relationship maintenance and relational uncertainty. As hypothesized, we found a positive association between working to change the relationship and relationship quality. Further, this association was stronger on days in which individuals reported lower relational uncertainty, but significantly weaker on days in which individuals reported higher relational uncertainty. We discuss what it means for individuals to report more positive relationship quality when they make more relational investments and feel more certain about their relationship.
Energy Security in Europe (B): The Southern Corridor

Nabucco natural gas pipeline, initiated by a group of European energy companies, was intended to connect the broad gas-rich region of the Middle East and Central Asia to Europe for the first time, which would diversify supply sources. At the same time, an Italian-Russian consortium announced South Stream natural gas pipeline, which would diversify transport routes for the delivery of Russian gas to Europe. To win support, backers of Nabucco and South Stream insisted that their projects were aimed at fulfilling goals of the energy policy of the EU (reduction of use of fossil fuels to combat climate change and guaranteed physical availability and affordability of imported fossil fuels). But, as the case demonstrates, both projects progressed slowly, encountering many technological and commercial challenges, which, however, were eclipsed by the extreme politicization of Nabucco and South Stream: pipelines became a factor in domestic politics of several European nations and figured prominently in relations between the EU, EU states, Russia, Turkey, former Soviet republics in Caucasus and Central Asia, and the United States. Although they would comprise only a small part in the overall architecture of Europe's energy security, the case of Nabucco and South Stream reveals the limits of the ambitious energy policy of the EU.Learning Objective: To analyze the political, economic, and managerial implications of the natural gas trade between Russia and Europe; to explore alternate pipeline routes for the delivery of Russian natural gas.
Serial Observations on Patterns of Growth, Myelin Formation, Maintenance and Degeneration in Cultures of New-Born Rat and Kitten Cerebellum

New-born rat and kitten cerebellum may be maintained for prolonged periods (over 5 months) in the Maximow assembly if explanted on to a coverslip previously coated with a thin gel of reconstituted rat tail collagen and fed a glucose-enriched "natural" medium. After a 2 week period of adjustment and early outgrowth, most cultures exhibit myelin formation. Axons located within the surrounding neuroglial sheet of the explant area myelinate. The sheaths are first evident as long, unsegmented, smooth, parallel, refractile lines. Simultaneously, neuronal nuclei tend to assume central positions and powdery granules of Nissl substance and lipoid materials begin to accumulate within the cytoplasm. During prolonged maintenance, axons may increase in width and the myelin may thicken. Some exhibit transient irregularities and swellings. Degeneration of some axons occurs manifested either by (a) progressive swellings and distortions of the myelin sheath and thinning of intervening portions of the axons which finally yield, leaving the swellings as myelin bodies, or by (b) small aneurysm-like distortions of myelin sheaths on thinning axons which become dull, irregular, and thread-like filaments beaded by the former herniations. The observations are compared with previous studies of in vitro and in vivo myelin formation with particular reference to neuronal-neuroglial relationships.
The role of p58IPK in protecting the stressed endoplasmic reticulum.

The preemptive quality control (pQC) pathway protects cells from acute endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by attenuating translocation of nascent proteins despite their targeting to translocons at the ER membrane. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that the DnaJ protein p58IPK plays an essential role in this process via HSP70 recruitment to the cytosolic face of translocons for extraction of translocationally attenuated nascent chains. Our analyses revealed that the heightened stress sensitivity of p58−/− cells was not due to an impairment of the pQC pathway or elevated ER substrate burden during acute stress. Instead, the lesion was in the protein processing capacity of the ER lumen, where p58IPK was found to normally reside in association with BiP. ER lumenal p58IPK could be coimmunoprecipitated with a newly synthesized secretory protein in vitro and stimulated protein maturation upon overexpression in cells. These results identify a previously unanticipated location for p58IPK in the ER lumen where its putative function as a cochaperone explains the stress-sensitivity phenotype of knockout cells and mice.
Targeted elimination of prostate cancer by genetically directed human T lymphocytes.

The genetic transfer of antigen receptors is a powerful approach to rapidly generate tumor-specific T lymphocytes. Unlike the physiologic T-cell receptor, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) encompass immunoglobulin variable regions or receptor ligands as their antigen recognition moiety, thus permitting T cells to recognize tumor antigens in the absence of human leukocyte antigen expression. CARs encompassing the CD3ζ chain as their activating domain induce T-cell proliferation in vitro, but limited survival. The requirements for genetically targeted T cells to function in vivo are less well understood. We have, therefore, established animal models to assess the therapeutic efficacy of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes targeted to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an antigen expressed in prostate cancer cells and the neovasculature of various solid tumors. In vivo specificity and antitumor activity were assessed in mice bearing established prostate adenocarcinomas, using serum prostate-secreted antigen, magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and bioluminescence imaging to investigate the response to therapy. In three tumor models, orthotopic, s.c., and pulmonary, we show that PSMA-targeted T cells effectively eliminate prostate cancer. Tumor eradication was directly proportional to the in vivo effector-to-tumor cell ratio. Serial imaging further reveals that the T cells must survive for at least 1 week to induce durable remissions. The eradication of xenogeneic tumors in a murine environment shows that the adoptively transferred T cells do not absolutely require in vivo costimulation to function. These results thus provide a strong rationale for undertaking phase I clinical studies to assess PSMA-targeted T cells in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
The effects of performance feedback on the safety of client lifting and transfer

Individual written and verbal performance feedback was examined to determine its influence on the safety with which physically disabled clients were transferred. Two client-transfer techniques were task analyzed and six direct service providers' on-the-job performance was measured weekly. A multiple baseline across settings and subjects was used to evaluate effects of the feedback. Consumer satisfaction and the costs of the procedures were also assessed. Results showed that feedback was consistently followed by improvements in safe performance. These improvements tended to maintain as feedback was faded. Participants favorably rated the feedback procedure and consistently recommended its use with other staff.
On Basil, Moses, and the model bishop : The Cappadocian legacy of leadership

Les Peres cappadociens ont laisse un heritage appreciable dans l'art de gouverner un diocese : il y a la les elements constitutifs d'une figure archetypale d'eveque. Basile de Cesaree a joue un role important dans les origines de l'episcopat a dominante monastique en Asie Mineure. Gregoire de Nysse et Gregoire de Nazianze lui ont fait echo sur le plan de l'ascese. L'A. examine la doctrine des trois Peres en les passant en revue l'un apres l'autre pour restituer le modele ideal du leadership episcopal
External radiative quantum efficiency of 96% from a GaAs/GaInP heterostructure

GaAs/GaInP double heterostructures are index matched with ZnSe hemispheres to increase the coupling of photoluminescence out of the device. We measure external quantum efficiencies as large as 96% at room temperature using a bolometric calibration technique. When the carriers are optically injected near the bandgap energy, the luminescence is blueshifted by up to 1.4 kT. In this case, external efficiencies exceeding 97.5% would yield optical refrigeration in the solid state.
Getting and keeping children engaged with a constructionist design tool for craft and math

Manipulatives of various kinds are used in elementary schools as part of the mathematics curriculum. They are recognized for their affordances for helping children understand abstract ideas by connecting them to concrete objects, but not all research about the use of manipulatives has been positive. It is sometimes difficult for children to make connections between what they are doing and the ideas the manipulatives embody. Constructionist research suggests that taking a design approach to learning that involves the learner in constructing not only ideas but also public artifacts facilitates learning particularly well (Papert, 1991). Further, it suggests that one should design a learning environment that will allow learners to leverage personal and epistemological connections rather than scripting everything that should happen (Resnick et al., 1996). Additionally, previous research suggests that integrating math with craft and design helps learners engage with math in a personally meaningful manner (e.g., Eisenberg & Eisenberg 1997, 1998; Shaffer, 1997; Elliott & Bruckman, 2002). Manipulatives such as pattern tiles and quilt builder tiles are used for design in the classroom, but there is often little to no support for the analysis of designed patterns or other kinds of learning. On the other hand, computerized versions of manipulatives that provide feedback about fractions (or other math concepts) do not offer affordances for design. My goal has been to integrate the best of what computational manipulatives can offer with a design approach to help learners engage with math in a meaningful way. In this dissertation, I describe the use of a manipulative that combines affordances for design and also links and maintains connections between representations. This gave learners opportunities to see and make connections between symbolic and concrete representations while engaged in designing personally meaningful artifacts. I describe methods that made this constructionist educational experience accessible to a wide range of learners, including aspects of the socio-technical system that seemed to play greater or lesser roles at various times throughout the study. I emphasize roles of the DigiQuilt manipulative and highlight how this software builds on previous work, yet represents a new kind of manipulative---one that simultaneously supports design and connecting targeted math concepts with concrete artifacts.
Hydroxylated Dimeric Naphthoquinones Increase the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species, Induce Apoptosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells and Are Not Substrates of the Multidrug Resistance Proteins ABCB1 and ABCG2

Selective targeting of the oxidative state, which is a tightly balanced fundamental cellular property, is an attractive strategy for developing novel anti-leukemic chemotherapeutics with potential applications in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a molecularly heterogeneous disease. Dimeric naphthoquinones (BiQs) with the ability to undergo redox cycling and to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells are a novel class of compounds with unique characteristics that make them excellent candidates to be tested against AML cells. We evaluated the effect of two BiQ analogues and one monomeric naphthoquinone in AML cell lines and primary cells from patients. All compounds possess one halogen and one hydroxyl group on the quinone cores. Dimeric, but not monomeric, naphthoquinones demonstrated significant anti-AML activity in the cell lines and primary cells from patients with favorable therapeutic index compared to normal hematopoietic cells. BiQ-1 effectively inhibited clonogenicity and induced apoptosis as measured by Western blotting and Annexin V staining and mitochondrial membrane depolarization by flow cytometry. BiQ-1 significantly enhances intracellular ROS levels in AML cells and upregulates expression of key anti-oxidant protein, Nrf2. Notably, systemic exposure to BiQ-1 was well tolerated in mice. In conclusion, we propose that BiQ-induced therapeutic augmentation of ROS in AML cells with dysregulation of antioxidants kill leukemic cells while normal cells remain relatively intact. Further studies are warranted to better understand this class of potential chemotherapeutics.
License Creep

How can we limit the amount of data distribution for both security and privacy? Let's encourage organizations to push for a common privacy policy in licenses. Better privacy terms might gain adherents and become important enough for marketing that most vendors adopt them.
Absorbing performances of Jerusalem Cross frequency selective surface

The effects of the design parameters,such as unit shape,unit size,the thickness of dielectric layer on radar absorbing properties of the traditional Jerusalem Cross unit frequency selective surface(FSS) absorber were studied by experiments.The results indicate that the resonant frequencies and peak values of reflection loss can be optimized to accomplish the requirements of the designers by using proper design parameters of FSS.
The Effect of the Tax System on the Impact of Government Debt

Just as the ultimate impact of changes in taxes with a macroeconomic impact, such as the corporate income tax, cannot be determined without considering the concomitant changes in fiscal and monetary policies that could be expected, so the impact of changes in national debt resulting from deficits cannot be determined withoret looking into the tax structure that is likely to be involved in ultimately paying off the debt. Indeed fairly drastic differences in the impact of government debt will result from what may appear to be minor changes in the tax structure.
An approximation algorithm for future wind scenarios

In power system operations, the success of stochastic optimization methods in helping to cope with increasing penetration of wind and solar power, rests on the effective construction of scenario trees that efficiently and accurately approximate the true probability space of the renewable power stochastic processes. In this work, by analyzing the statistical properties of wind turbines' power outputs which are recorded in Washington state (WA) for years 2012–2014, we identify the existing gaps in traditional modeling approaches and propose a possible solutions. The key idea we propose is to view scenario tree generation as a compression scheme of the wind power trajectories, sidestepping completely the model selection approach. We argue that to retain key features of the high order statistics, one can directly quantize realizations over the optimization horizon. We propose two approaches: one based on directly using scenarios in the time domain and an alternative one based on performing the quantization in the finite subspace of Morlet-wavelets. We compare the accuracy of the scenario trees with the prevalent approach based on an ARMA model selection step and show that the direct construction outperforms this approach when the complexity of the scenario tree is fixed.
Congenital Midline Defect in Pituitary Dwarfs

MRI evaluations of pituitary volume, and clinical and endocrine findings in 101 pituitary dwarfs with congenital idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (CIGHD) are reported from the Departments of Neuroradiology and Pediatrics, Scientific Institute H San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Evaluation of sauerkraut-like products from direct-acidification of cabbage

Direct acidification of cabbage using acetic, citric, glucono-delta-lactone, or lactic acid was evaluated as a means of producing sauerkraut-like products. Direct acidification with citric acid gave the most acceptable product for incorporation into sauerkraut-containing foods, but none of the acids gave freshly-prepared products with sauerkraut-like flavor and odor. Sensory evaluations with laboratory panels showed that citric acid-acidified cabbage and naturally fermented sauerkraut were comparable when cooked with frankfurters or incorporated into a three-bean salad. Crisp texture and absence of strong odors were attributes of directly acidified cabbage that would be desirable for some applications of these products.
Spectral Scaling Analysis of RR Lyrae Stars in OGLE-IV Galactic Bulge Fields

Recent studies of variable stars have uncovered characteristic nonlinear features in flux of these stars and indicate the presence of quasiperiodicity. A common technique to study quasiperiodic systems is spectral scaling analysis which relies on the fact that different dynamical behaviors can be identified on the basis of distribution of peaks in the periodogram. Here we apply the spectral scaling technique to the OGLE-IV photometry of the RR Lyrae stars in the Galactic bulge. We find that spectra of the fundamental mode (RRab) and first overtone RR Lyrae stars (RRc) scales differently and thus the spectral scaling can be used to distinguish between different RR Lyrae sub classes. Furthermore, goodness of fit for RRc stars with multiple modes is better than other stars. The scaling exponent for stars observed in high cadence is close to the values reported using Kepler photometry. This analysis can help us to reclassify the stars based on their dynamical characteristics.