cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biotransformation studies on 1-chloro-2, 3-propanediol dinitrate

Metabolic studies on the coronary vasodilator, 1-chloro-2, 3-propanediol dinitrate (CPD), show that two metabolites can be isolated from the urine of dogs receiving the compound orally. The data suggest that the biotransformation of CPD commences with the splitting of the nitrate ester forming a free hydroxyl group which is then conjugated with glucuronic acid. The probable metabolites are 1-chloropropyl-3-glucuronide-2-nitrate and 1-chloropropyl-2-glucuronide-3-nitrate. Upon treatment with β-glucuronidase, these metabolites correspond to the products from the partial hydrolysis of CPD, which could only be the mono nitrate esters.
Binding characteristics of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and laminin-1, and correlative neurite outgrowth behaviors in a standard tissue culture choice assay.

Neuronal growth cones are capable of sophisticated discrimination of environmental cues, on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix, to accomplish navigation during development (generation) and following nervous system injury (regeneration). Choices made by growth cones are commonly examined using tissue culture paradigms in which molecules of interest are purified and substratum-bound. From observations of growth cone behaviors using these paradigms, assertions are made about choices neuronal growth cones may make in vivo. However, in many cases, the binding, interactions, and conformations of these molecules have not been determined. In the present study, we investigated the binding characteristics of two commonly studied outgrowth regulatory molecules: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), which are typically inhibitory to neurite outgrowth during development and following nervous system injury, and laminin, which is typically outgrowth promoting for many neuronal types. Using a novel combination of radiolabeling and quantitative fluorescence, we determined the precise concentrations of CSPGs and laminin-1 that were bound separately and together in a variety of choice assays. For identically prepared cultures, we correlated neurite outgrowth behaviors with binding characteristics. The data support our working hypothesis that neuronal growth cones are guided by the ratio of outgrowth-promoting to outgrowth-inhibiting influences in their environment, i.e., they summate local molecular cues. The response of growth cones to these molecular combinations is most likely mediated by integrins and subsequent activation of signal transduction cascades in growth cones. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 51: 285–301, 2002
Information architectures to improve lifecycle value, including lessons from integrated logistics support

This paper extends current thinking on information architectures for management of built assets by a) considering the information required to support wider goal of value for money as opposed to cost minimisation; b) the use of through-life information early in the design stage to undertake design iterations to improve value for money; c) considering the Integrated Logistics Support approach in undertaking the relevant support-cost analyses; d) the extension of the information architecture concepts from the project level, to programmes and portfolios. (6 pages)
Yellow baboon labor and parturition at the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya.

An observation of the birth of a feral yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus) is reported. Over an approximate 45-min period, the late stages of labor, parturition, cleaning of the infant, and consumption of the placenta were observed. The labor and parturition occurred in the late afternoon/early evening hours, and within 5 m of the observer. A review of the literature on feral births suggests that selection may have favored both the timing and the location of births. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A universal Aronszajn line

The purpose of this note is to define an Aronszajn line $\eta_C$ and prove that under the assumption of $\PFA$ it is universal for the class of Aronszajn lines. Moreover $\eta_C$ can be easily described in terms of a fixed Countryman type $C$: it is the direct limit of the finite lexicographic products of the form $C \times (-C) \times \ldots \times (\pm C)$.
Correcting for non-compliance in randomized trials using structural nested mean models

In a randomized trial designed to study the effect of a treatment of interest on the evolution of the mean of a time-dependent outcome variable, subjects are assigned to a treatment regime, or, equivalently, a treatment protocol. Unfortunately, subjects often fail to comply with their assigned regime. From a public health point of view, the causal parameter of interest will often be a function of the treatment differences that would have been observed hadcontrary to fact, all subjects remained on protocol. This paper considers the identification and estimation of these treatment differences based on a new class of structural models, the multivariate structural nested mean models, when reliable estimates of each subject's actual treatment are available. Estimates of “actual treatment” might, for example, be obtained by measuring the amount of “active drug” in the subject's blood or urine at each follow-up visit or by pill counting techniques. In addition, we discuss a natural extension of our methods to ob...
Hereditary and Acquired Thrombophilic Disorders

death in the United States. Approximately 2 million individuals die each year from an arterial or venous thrombosis or the consequences thereof (1). Approximately 80% to 90% of all causes of thrombosis can now be defined with respect to cause. Of these, more than 50% of all patients harbor a congenital or acquired blood coagulation protein or platelet defect that caused the thrombotic event. It is obviously of major importance to define those individuals harboring such a defect, as this allows: 1) appropriate antithrombotic therapy to decrease risks of recurrence, 2) determination of the time the patient should remain on therapy for secondary prevention, and 3) testing of family members in those harboring a blood coagulation protein or platelet defect that is hereditary (approximately 50% of all coagulation and platelet defects mentioned previously). Aside from mortality, significant additional morbidity occurs from both arterial or venous thrombotic events, including, but not limited to, paralysis (non-fatal thrombotic stroke), cardiac disability (repeated coronary events), loss of vision (retinal vascular thrombosis) and fetal wastage syndrome (placental vascular thrombosis), stasis ulcers, and other manifestations of post-phlebitic syndrome (recurrent deep venous thrombosis [DVT]), etc. A diagnosis of thrombosis is similar to and as generic as a diagnosis of “anemia”; one must, in all instances, as in anemia, ask: What is the etiology of the thrombosis? As in anemia, the specific and appropriate therapy is highly dependent on defining the etiology. The prevalence and mortality of thrombo-occlusive disease versus malignancy in North America is depicted in Table 1 (1). The thrombophilias, in approximate descending probability are depicted in Table 2 (1). This review is limited to hereditary and acquired changes in circulating blood associated with thrombotic and thromboembolic disease (the “Thrombophilias”).
A Second Whale Shark, Rhineodon typus , at the Galapagos Islands

IN 1927, I recorded in Science the presence of the whale shark in the Galapagos Archipelago. This fish was seen on June 9, 1925, by Prof. W. K. Gregory and Mr. John Tee-Van of Dr. William Beebe's Arcturus Expedition. It was not captured but was seen under the stern of the ship and within 2–3 ft. of the surface. It soon sank, but not until it had been definitely recognised as a whale shark.
Design considerations for a neutron generator-based total-body irradiator

The prompt- and delayed-gamma neutron activation techniques have been used for the non-invasive measurement of human body composition. In recent years, neutron irradiators have used only transuranic isotopic sources (238PuBe, 241AmBe, 252Cf). However, in today’s security-minded environment, the use of alternate neutron sources may provide some advantages. We have examined several designs for an irradiator that would use a high-output, miniature D-T neutron generator (MF Physics). The use of this type of neutron source will lessen the storage, security, and transport issues associated with continuous-output isotopic neutron sources. To determine the scientific impact of this decision, we have performed Monte Carlo simulations (MCNP-4B2; Los Alamos National Laboratory) to aid in the design of the irradiator system, evaluating shielding materials, collimation, and source-to-subject distance, for the measurement of total body nitrogen (TBN). Based on internal flux distributions within the simulated body region of a subject, several design options were identified. The final design will be selected based on the optimization of precision, dose, and exposure time.
Finding starting points for Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis of genetic data from large and complex pedigrees.

Genetic data from founder populations are advantageous for studies of complex traits that are often plagued by the problem of genetic heterogeneity. However, the desire to analyze large and complex pedigrees that often arise from such populations, coupled with the need to handle many linked and highly polymorphic loci simultaneously, poses challenges to current standard approaches. A viable alternative to solving such problems is via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedures, where a Markov chain, defined on the state space of a latent variable (e.g., genotypic configuration or inheritance vector), is constructed. However, finding starting points for the Markov chains is a difficult problem when the pedigree is not single-locus peelable; methods proposed in the literature have not yielded completely satisfactory solutions. We propose a generalization of the heated Gibbs sampler with relaxed penetrances (HGRP) of Lin et al., ([1993] IMA J. Math. Appl. Med. Biol. 10:1-17) to search for starting points. HGRP guarantees that a starting point will be found if there is no error in the data, but the chain usually needs to be run for a long time if the pedigree is extremely large and complex. By introducing a forcing step, the current algorithm substantially reduces the state space, and hence effectively speeds up the process of finding a starting point. Our algorithm also has a built-in preprocessing procedure for Mendelian error detection. The algorithm has been applied to both simulated and real data on two large and complex Hutterite pedigrees under many settings, and good results are obtained. The algorithm has been implemented in a user-friendly package called START.
Ran/TC4: A Small Nuclear GTP-binding Protein That Regulates DNA Synthesis

Ran/TC4, first identified as a well-conserved gene distantly related to H-RAS, encodes a protein which has recently been shown in yeast and mammalian systems to interact with RCC1, a protein whose function is required for the normal coupling of the completion of DNA synthesis and the initiation of mitosis. Here, we present data indicating that the nuclear localization of Ran/TC4 requires the presence of RCC1. Transient expression of a Ran/TC4 protein with mutations expected to perturb GTP hydrolysis disrupts host cell DNA synthesis. These results suggest that Ran/TC4 and RCC1 are components of a GTPase switch that monitors the progress of DNA synthesis and couples the completion of DNA synthesis to the onset of mitosis.
A new BEM formulation for tow‐ and three‐dimensional elastoplasticity using particular integras

New two- and three-dimensional BEM formulations are developed for elastoplastic stress analysis. These new procedures differ from previous work in that volume integration is not required to incorporate the nonlinear effects in the analysis. Instead, initial stress rates are introduced in the BEM system via particular integrals. The present formulation is implemented in a general-purpose multi-region system, and examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and versatility of the method.
Empiric Therapy for Bacterial Infections: The Historical Perspective

The term empiric is defined, and its implications in the treatment of infectious diseases and the selection of /-lactam antibiotics are discussed. Some changes in the choice of empiric therapy during the last half-century are brought out by a discussion of therapy for selected infections. For some infections the changes (if any) have been only minor; for others, however, the changes have resulted in a progressive decline in mortality, a shortening of the course of the disease, and the reduction or elimination of complications. Among the diseases discussed are seborrheic dermatitis, malaria, syphilis, typhoid fever, pneumonia, bacterial endocarditis, and bacterial meningitis.
The ITC distributed file system: principles and design

This paper presents the design and rationale of a distributed file system for a network of more than 5000 personal computer workstations. While scale has been the dominant design influence, careful attention has also been paid to the goals of location transparency, user mobility and compatibility with existing operating system interfaces. Security is an important design consideration, and the mechanisms for it do not assume that the workstations or the network are secure. Caching of entire files at workstations is a key element in this design. A prototype of this system has been built and is in use by a user community of about 400 individuals. A refined implementation that will scale more gracefully and provide better performance is close to completion.
Landscape dynamics of Amazonian deforestation between 1986 and 2007 in southeastern Peru: policy drivers and road implications

Public policies can lead to deforestation and forest fragmentation depending on the particular land uses policies seek to promote. In turn, sequences of distinct policy incentives can generate nonlinear trajectories in deforestation and habitat fragmentation. This article takes up the case of Peru, where successive presidential administrations have promoted very different land uses. I focus on Madre de Dios, a frontier region in the southeastern Peruvian Amazon, to evaluate deforestation and fragmentation from 1986 to 2007, which covers several distinct policy periods. I draw on classified Landsat TM, ETM+, and Aster images in 5-year intervals from 1986 to 2001 and bi-annual images from 2001 to 2007 to observe trajectories in forest, crops and pasture, and regrowth. The analysis permits observation of nonlinearities in changes in the land cover classes, as well as fragmentation metrics related to size, density, connectivity, and configuration of the land cover classes over time. Distinct policies show dif...
Role of topiramate for the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Objective. To review the possible role of topiramate for the treatment of neuropathic pain and, specifically, the pain of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Data Sources. Clinical studies and abstracts were identified by using PubMed (January 1966–October 2003), Ovid (January 1966–December 2003), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (January 1970–December 2003) and by reviewing bibliographies of published studies. Key search terms included pain, peripheral neuropathy, diabetes, and topiramate. English-language studies were identified, as were pertinent references from these articles. Data Synthesis. Published data are limited on the successful use of topiramate in the treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes, and only three prospective studies evaluated the effectiveness of topiramate in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In addition, the use of topiramate to treat diabetic neuropathic pain syndromes successfully may be limited by patients' inability to tolerate the adverse effects associated with the agent. Conclusions. Topiramate has been used successfully in relieving the pain of various neuropathies, including painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Randomized controlled trials that specifically focus on the use of topiramate in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy are needed to confirm the initial findings in case reports, abstracts, and small clinical trials that have focused on treating numerous neuropathic pain syndromes, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Preliminary development of a lymphedema symptom assessment scale for patients with head and neck cancer

Purpose Currently, no instruments are available to assess symptoms secondary to lymphedema in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). The study aim was to develop and conduct preliminary tests of such an instrument.
Mechanism and treatment of shock associated with acute pancreatitis.

Summary The mechanism of circulatory shock complicating acute pancreatitis is a critical reduction in plasma volume. Serial hemodynamic and metabolic studies were performed on five patients in shock associated with acute pancreatitis. The mean arterial blood pressure and cardiac output were reduced and peripheral arterial resistance was increased. Mean circulation time was markedly prolonged, reflecting decreased velocity of blood flow. Coma, oliguria, hyperamylasemia, and metabolic acidosis were consistent features. Since the state of shock associated with pancreatitis is due to a volume deficit with marked arterial vasoconstriction, volume replacement alone with avoidance of vasoconstricting agents is indicated. Prompt plasma volume replacement favors reversal of the hemodynamic and metabolic deficits of this type of shock. Hypotension and coma, the two notable clinical features, were reversed after the infusion of large volumes of colloid and crystalloid solutions.
Evaluation of network models use in industrial construction

Network models with both time and cost dimensions have not been used extensively on industrial construction projects. Analysis of 33 companies participating in the study revealed that network model requirements were incompatible with information currently generated by the organization. Moreover, the organizational structure of a company was a strong determinant as to the level of model sophistication adopted. For example, companies with decentralized estimating and scheduling used bar charts and simple time-based models. Incompatibility of model inputs requirements and available data was not a problem since the source and use of such information was at the same point in the structure.
Inhibition of muscle growth in foetal sheep

Eighteen foetal sheep were used to study the relationship between suboptimal growth and linear size of skeletal units, dry weights of representative muscles and muscle histology. Foetuses with suboptimal growth caused by inadequate maternal nutrition and competition with other foetuses showed a decrease in skeletomuscular growth although allometric growth was not affected. A slight correlation (r =0·14, P < 0·005) existed between dry weight of the longissimus dorsi and mean minimum myofibre diameter. On morphological evidence, myofibre hyperplasia was thought to be complete by approximately 80 days gestation in all foetuses. Increases in the number of myofibres crossing mid-length transverse sections of the sartorius occurred after this time but were thought to be due to intrafascicularly terminating myofibres growing in length. Suboptimal muscle growth of foetuses in the latter third of gestation was thought to be associated with an inhibition of growth in length of intrafascicularly terminating myofibres.
Dynamic Stability in Elders: Momentum Control in Locomotor ADL

BACKGROUND Momentum must be controlled in stable locomotor activities, including sit-to-stand and gait. The relationship of momentum control and balance maintenance in elders or in a balance-impaired population has not been studied. Although decreased locomotor speed has long been reported among elders, the literature is lacunar concerning the mechanical mechanisms underlying this slowing. The purpose of this study was to describe the whole body and upper body linear and angular momentum for healthy elders during sit-to-stand and gait and compare them to a group of balance-impaired elders who have bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH). METHODS Ten elders with BVH were matched to 10 healthy elders aged 67-90. Linear and angular momentum were calculated for sit-to-stand and for free speed and paced gait. Means and 95% confidence intervals were used to compare groups. RESULTS Elders with BVH used significantly less linear and angular momentum to rise from a chair than healthy elders and showed excessive lateral momentum during gait, despite walking at a slower velocity. CONCLUSIONS Healthy elders limit momentum generation by decreasing gait velocity, apparently because they lack sufficient strength or balance control to safely dissipate the momentum that a faster, less controlled gait engenders. Elders with BVH further limit momentum in locomotor activities to decrease their risk of falling, but are apparently unable to control lateral momentum during gait. Excessive lateral momentum in gait among balance-impaired elders leads to loss of balance, a frequent occurrence in this patient population.
Redescription of the genus Diopsosoma Malloch (Diptera, Periscelididae)

Diopsosoma Malloch, 1932 and its only included species, D. primum Malloch, 1932 are redescribed. While the genus is remarkable and easily recognized by its laterally elongate head that is produced into eyestalks, it is otherwise virtually unknown. To bring attention to this extraordinary fly we redescribe it within the context of brief descriptions of the family Periscelididae and subfamily Periscelidinae. We also provide an annotated key to the described genera of Periscelididae and a photographic montage of the holotype, which is perhaps the only preserved specimen of this genus and species.
Some Thoughts about Resilience versus Positive Development, Main Effects versus Interactions, and the Value of Resilience.

Interaction effects are the defining feature of resilience and resilience research and are responsible for the unique contributions of this field of study to our understanding of human development. The methodological and statistical challenges posed by interaction effects do not, by themselves, undermine the value of resilience as a construct.
Small fluctuations in the recovery of fusaria across consecutive sampling intervals with unmanned aircraft 100 m above ground level

The aerobiology of fungi in the genus Fusarium is poorly understood. Recent work has highlighted the role of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) in the movement of fusaria in the lower atmosphere. Here, we extend this work by examining the relationship between the length of atmospheric sampling intervals with autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the recovery of fusaria. UAVs were equipped with an array of eight microbe-sampling devices with four “inner” sampling arms and four “outer” sampling arms. Each set of arms was used to collect consecutive aerobiological samples during 10 min sampling periods at 100 m above ground level at the Kentland Farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. Fifty-one flights (102 consecutive sampling intervals) were conducted in 2010 and 2011. A correlation analysis showed that the counts of fusaria did not vary between the inner and outer sampling arms from consecutive sampling period of 10 min (r = 0.93, P < 0.001), and the frequency of colony counts had similar distributions for samples from the inner and outer sampling arms. An analysis of the temporal variation in the collections of Fusarium showed that the similarity between collections decreased over time. This work supports the idea that atmospheric populations of fusaria are well mixed, and large changes in the recovery of fusaria in the lower atmosphere may be attributed to large-scale phenomena (e.g., LCSs) operating across varying temporal and spatial scales. This work may contribute to effective control measures for diseases causes by fusaria in the future.
Erratum to: Systems without a graphical causal representation

The authors were unaware that points in their article appeared in “Caveats for Causal Reasoningwith EquilibriumModels,” byDenverDash andMarekDruzdzel, published in S. Benferhat and P. Besnard (Eds.): European Conferences on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty 2001, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 2143, pp. 192–203. The authors were unaware of this essay and would like to apologize to the authors for failing to cite their excellent work.
κ Opioid Receptor Interacts with Na+/H+-exchanger Regulatory Factor-1/Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin-binding Phosphoprotein-50 (NHERF-1/EBP50) to Stimulate Na+/H+ Exchange Independent of Gi/Go Proteins

We previously showed that Na+/H+-exchanger regulatory factor-1/Ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein-50 (NHERF-1/EBP50) co-immunoprecipitated with the human κ opioid receptor (hKOR) and that its overexpression blocked the κ agonist U50,488H-induced hKOR down-regulation by enhancing recycling. Here, we show that glutathione S-transferase (GST)-hKOR C-tail interacted with purified NHERF-1/EBP50, whereas GST or GST-C-tails of μ or δ opioid receptors did not. GST-hKOR C-tail, but not GST, bound HA-NHERF-1/EBP50 transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells and endogenous NHERF-1/EBP50 in opossum kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (OK cells). The PDZ domain I, but not II, of NHERF-1/EBP50 was involved in the interaction. Association of NHERF-1/EBP50 with hKOR C-tail enhanced oligomerization of NHERF-1/EBP50. NHERF-1/EBP50 was previously shown to regulate Na+/H+-exchanger 3 (NHE3) activities in OK cells. We found stimulation of OK cells with U50,488H significantly enhanced Na+/H+ exchange, which was blocked by naloxone but not by pertussis toxin pretreatment, indicating it is mediated by KORs but independent of Gi/Go proteins. In OKH cells, a subclone of OK cells expressing a much lower level of NHERF-1/EBP50, U50,488H had no effect on Na+/H+ exchange, although it enhanced p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation via Gi/Go proteins similar to that in OK cells. Stable transfection of NHERF-1/EBP50 into OKH cells restored the stimulatory effect of U50,488H upon Na+/H+ exchange. Thus, NHERF-1/EBP50 binds directly to KOR, and this association plays an important role in accelerating Na+/H+ exchange. We hypothesize that binding of the KOR to NHERF-1/EBP50 facilitates oligomerization of NHERF-1/EBP50, leading to stimulation of NHE3. This study provides the first direct evidence that a G protein-coupled receptor through association with NHERF-1/EBP-50 stimulates NHE3.
Diesel fuel from vegetable oils: Status and opportunities

Abstract The technical and economic aspects of using vegetable oils as alternative sources for diesel fuels have been studied extensively during the past two decades. Although much of the recent research and development on the production and use of diesel fuel substitutes has been carried out in developed countries, the need for such substitutes and the potential for their production is much greater in developing countries. This report will review some of the results obtained from using vegetable oils and their derivatives as fuel in compression ignition engines and examine opportunities for their broader production and use. It will include some historic background, as well as current and potential yields of candidate crops, the technology and economics of vegetable oil conversion to diesel fuel, the performance of various oils, the potential inherent in diesel fuel coproduction, environmental considerations, and other research opportunities. Vegetable oils will not entirely displace petroleum as a source of diesel fuel. There are, however, technical, economic, and environmental considerations that can lead to their wider use in this application.
Vapor Deposition Processing

Vapor phase deposition of materials is an area of long standing history and increasing diversity with significant practical importance to a wide variety of areas ranging from structural and automotive applications to optics and microelectronics. In this paper, we present one perspective view of this vast field beginning with an overview of the conventional deposition processes followed by some of the more novel techniques that have come to fore recently. We highlight the salient aspects of these techniques, and the key process parameters that can be controlled to achieve desired film properties. Examples of applications of these processes in industry are pointed out where possible. We conclude by describing some interesting process combinations that allow the deposition and synthesis of scientifically interesting and/or technologically useful materials with desired physical and chemical properties by synergistically combining the features of individual deposition processes.
Endogenous Sleep-Promoting Substances

Sleep regulatory substances (SRSs) are endogenous molecules linking sleep regulation to changes in physiology including brain activity. Several such substances are extensively characterized; in this article the example of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is used. TNF induces sleep and if TNF is inhibited, spontaneous sleep is inhibited. Its brain levels vary with sleep propensity in health and pathology. TNF influences sleep within a broader network of molecules including adenosine, nitric oxide, and prostaglandins. Knowledge of TNF sleep mechanisms led to the hypothesis that extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released as a consequence of neuro- and glio-transmission promotes the processing and release of TNF and other SRSs, which in turn change receptor populations and thereby change network sensitivity to neurotransmitters and modulators and thus the network state. This mechanism is consistent with the idea that sleep is an integral part of activity-driven changes in the brain's microcircuitry; sleep mechanisms cannot be separated from microcircuitry connectivity mechanisms. Thus, extracellular ATP is used to track prior brain activity by inducing SRSs which are also involved in brain plasticity.
Predictive value of left ventricular ejection fraction in stem cell transplantation.

We evaluated predictive value of left ventricular ejection fraction at rest (REF) and its increment with exercise (ΔEF) on autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation mortality. In a 7 year period, a total of 163 patients evaluated for stem cell transplantation were studied. All were followed for at least 3 months after the transplant. REF was discriminatory for peritransplant mortality only in younger (<43 years) patients (n = 66), particularly those who underwent autologous transplantation (n = 30). Resting ejection fraction was not a discriminator for early death in any other subgroup. Cardiac reserve (ΔEF) was significantly lower in patients (n = 35), who died early. The finding was most prominent in younger patients who underwent autologous transplantation (n = 26). Combination of decreased REF and low ΔEF (n = 18) was associated with high peritransplant mortality (56%), after both autologous and allogeneic transplantation. A low REF with an appropriate ΔEF (n = 43) was associated with a 19% peritransplant mortality and no deaths in the autologous group. These observations indicate that resting ejection fraction is of only limited value for pretransplant evaluation. However, measurement of cardiac reserve during exercise can provide important prognostic information before stem cell transplantation.
Resilience analysis and allocation for complex systems using bayesian network

The concept of resilience has been explored in diverse disciplines. However, there are only a few which focus on how to quantitatively measure engineering resilience and allocate resilience in engineering system design. This paper is dedicated to exploring the gap between quantitative and qualitative assessments of engineering resilience in the domain of designing complex engineered systems, thus optimally allocating resilience into subsystems and components level in industrial applications. A conceptual framework is first proposed for modeling engineering resilience, and then Bayesian Network is employed as a quantitative tool for the assessment and analysis of engineering resilience for complex systems. One industrial-based case study, a supply chain system, is employed to demonstrate the proposed approach. The proposed resilience quantification and allocation approach using Bayesian Networks would empower system designers to have a better grasp of the weakness and strength of their own systems against system disruptions induced by adverse failure events.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Clinical characteristics predictive of response to pembrolizumab in advanced melanoma.

9031 Background: Anti-PD-1 therapy has shown significant clinical activity in advanced melanoma and in other cancers. Factors predictive of response remain vaguely defined. We report on clinical ch...
Pink Bollworm: Seasonal Oviposition, Egg Predation, and Square and Boll Infestations in Relation to Cotton Plant Development

Native pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), female moths oviposited principally on vegetative cotton plant parts until mid-July, on vegetative cotton plant parts and bolls until mid-August, and principally on cotton bolls thereafter. Eggs on bolls were placed on the inside surface of bracts or under the calyx. Squares were not attractive oviposition sites. More eggs were laid on bolls ca. 3.2 cm in diameter than were laid on bolls ca. 1.8 cm in diameter. Predation of eggs placed on cotton terminals was highest early in the season and decreased thereafter.
The oxidation state of nanophase Fe particles in lunar soil: Implications for space weathering

We report measurements of the oxidation state of Fe nanoparticles within lunar soils that experienced varied degrees of space weathering. We measured >100 particles from immature, submature, and mature lunar samples using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) coupled to an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope. The EELS measurements show that the nanoparticles are composed of a mixture of Fe0, Fe2+, and Fe3+ oxidation states, and exhibit a trend of increasing oxidation state with higher maturity. We hypothesize that the oxidation is driven by the diffusion of O atoms to the surface of the Fe nanoparticles from the oxygen-rich matrix that surrounds them. The oxidation state of Fe in the nanoparticles has an effect on modeled reflectance properties of lunar soil. These results are relevant to remote sensing data for the Moon and to the remote determination of relative soil maturities for various regions of the lunar surface.
Ovarian cancer screening. The search for cost-effective methods.

PreviewThe search goes on for an effective screening test for ovarian cancer. This deadly disease has eluded attempts at early detection with the currently available methods. Dr Williams examines the research regarding various screening methods and suggests areas of promise for future study.
Understanding Sexually Abusive Clergy as a Unique Offender Subgroup: Risk-based Comparisons Across the Course of Offending

ABSTRACTThe current study compares offending trends of sexually abusive clergy (n = 1,428) to general sex offenders (n = 2,842) on risk measure items coded across the course of offending. Results suggest significant differences on most risk-relevant variables. Clergy were particularly more likely to have male victims, V = .62, 95% CI [.58, .65], and less likely to be married, V = .59, 95% CI [.56, .63], or use force, V = .76, 95% CI [.73, .79]. The magnitude of differences remained when matched on offense factors (e.g., male child acquaintance victims). Findings suggest sexually abusive clergy are a unique subgroup differing from general sex offenders on factors associated with recidivism.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum as a Model for Treatment of Bone Marrow Failure in Fanconi Anemia and Aplastic Anemia.

Abstract We have previously shown that the primary cell cycle defect in the inherited, cancer-prone, bone marrow failure associated disease, Fanconi anemia (FA), is not in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, as had been thought for many years, but rather in the S phase. FA cells challenged with the DNA cross-linking agent, psoralen coupled with long wavelength, ultraviolet (UVA) radiation (PUVA), fail to slow their progression through the S phase of the subsequent cell cycle, as do normal cells. FA cells are extremely sensitive to the cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of DNA cross-linkers, such as PUVA, so much so that the diagnosis of FA is based on an assay, the “DEB test”, in which cells are examined for clastogenic and cytotoxic effects of diepoxybutane (DEB), a DNA cross-linking agent. More recently, we have shown that artificially slowing the cell cycle of FA cells exposed to PUVA by subsequent treatment with agents which slow their progression through S phase leads to markedly increased viability and reduced chromosome breakage in vitro. We now show that similar results can be obtained in vivo in patients with another DNA repair deficiency disease, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a recessively inherited disorder associated with defective repair of sunlight induced adducts in the DNA of sun-exposed tissues followed by development of numerous mutations causing large numbers of cancers in these same tissues. We treated two patients with XP, a light complected black male and a white female, both 14 years of age, in sun-exposed areas with 5-fluorouracil, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, daily for three months. In contrast to normal patients, who only show clinical results if an inflammatory response is invoked, marked improvement in the clinical appearance of the skin was seen with no inflammation observed. This effect was confirmed histologically by examining epidermis adjacent to excised lesions in sun-exposed areas and further verified by computerized image analysis. Treatment with agents that slow progression through S phase, such as hydroxyurea, may similarly improve clinical outcomes in patients with FA or others who are developing bone marrow failure.
Enhanced Hypsochromic Shifts, Quantum Yield, and π-π Interactions in a meso,β-Heteroaryl-Fused BODIPY.

We report the synthesis and investigation of an unprecedented 8-heteroaryl-fused BODIPY 4. This compound exhibits enhanced π–π stacking in the solid state, unusually large blue-shifts in the absorbance and emission spectra, and higher fluorescence quantum yield than its unfused precursor; DFT calculations suggest a small energy gap for 4 and strong electronic communication between the 8-OPh and the BODIPY core.
Deconstructing the Alabama Disclaimer with Students: A Powerful Lesson in Evolution, Politics, and Persuasion

The present chapter deconstructs the disclaimers—warning the reader about evolution—pasted into the front covers of science textbooks in Alabama. By now one might think that the disclaimer rhetoric should fall on deaf ears. However, such depictions have worked their way into the national psyche and that the misconceptions contained within them are commonly held by university biology majors. We deconstruct the rhetoric in such a way that presents the exercise as a useful pedagogical tool for changing attitudes about evolution, increasing knowledge about the nature of science, and enhancing understanding the anti-evolutionist “movements” singular by dropping the final ‘s’. We close by summarizing the present state of affairs in Alabama regarding disclaimers and issuing a call to action.
The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D): Measurement equivalence across gender groups in Hispanic college students.

Abstract Background This study examined among Hispanic college students the factor structure and gender measurement invariance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. The CES-D's original 20 item four-factor model was compared to a recently proposed 14 item, three-factor model. Methods Participants included 858 Hispanic undergraduates at an ethnically diverse, major research, urban, public university in the Southwest United States (U.S.). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) and structural equation modeling were used to examine the factor structure, gender invariance, and construct validity of the CES-D scores. Results Multigroup CFAs provided support for full configural and metric invariance and partial scalar invariance for the three-factor model across gender groups. Two of the 14 items (#3 and #18) demonstrated different thresholds; women scored higher than men in both items. The pattern of latent correlations of the three depression factors to four stress variables (college academic, social, financial and discrimination stress) demonstrated configural, metric and scalar invariance across gender groups. Limitations About two thirds of the participants were women and most were of Mexican descent and had been born in the U.S. Therefore, findings may not generalize to more gender balanced samples and students from other Latin American countries or immigration generational status. Conclusions Partial scalar invariance in two items may not have a strong impact in the calculation of the overall depression score. Given evidence for functional invariance, results provide support for the use of the14-item, three-factor CES-D scale to assess depression symptoms among Hispanic college students.
INCIDENCE OF ADVERSE EVENTS IN ADULTS UNDERGOING PROCEDURAL SEDATION IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: A REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT Objetivos Se trato de una revision sistematica y metanalisis para evaluar la incidencia de eventos adversos en adultos sometidos a sedacion para procedimientos en el servicio de urgencias (SU). Metodos Se realizaron busquedas en ocho bases de datos electronicas, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, CINAHL, CENTRAL, la Base de datos Cochrane de Revisiones Sistematicas, Web of Science y Scopus, desde enero de 2005 hasta 2015. Se incluyeron ensayos controlados randomizados y estudios observacionales de adultos sometidos a sedacion para apoyo en procedimientos en el SU que reportaron resultados clinicos seleccionados a priori y eventos adversos. El metaanalisis se realizo utilizando un modelo de efectos aleatorios y se informo como tasas de incidencia con Intervalos de confianza (IC) de 95%. Resultados Se encontraron 2046 articulos para revision. Cincuenta y cinco articulos fueron elegidos, incluyendo 9652 sedaciones para procedimientos. El evento adverso mas frecuente fue la hipoxia, con una incidencia de 40.2 por 1000 (IC 95% = 32.5 a 47.9), seguido de vomitos con 16.4 por 1000 sedaciones (IC del 95% = 9.7 a 23.0) e hipotension con 15.2 por 1000 sedaciones (IC del 95% = 10.7 a 19.7). Los eventos adversos severos que requirieron intervencion medica de urgencia fueron raros, con un caso de aspiracion en 2370 sedaciones (1.2 por 1000), un caso de laringoespasmo en 883 sedaciones (4.2 por 1000) y dos intubaciones en 3636 sedaciones (1.6 por 1000). La incidencia de agitacion y vomitos fue mayor con Ketamina (164.1 por 1000 y 170.0 por 1000, respectivamente). La apnea fue mas frecuente con midazolam (51.4 por 1000), y la hipoxia fue menos frecuente en pacientes que recibieron Ketamina/propofol en comparacion con otras combinaciones. El caso de laringospasmo ocurrio en un paciente que recibio Ketamina, y la aspiracion y las intubaciones ocurrieron en pacientes que recibieron propofol. Cuando el propofol y la Ketamina se combinan, las incidencias de agitacion, apnea, hipoxia, bradicardia, hipersensibilidad y vomitos fueron mas bajas comparadas con cada medicacion por separado. Conclusiones Los eventos adversos graves durante sedacion para procedimientos como el laringoespasmo, aspiracion e intubacion, son extremadamente raros. Se proporcionan estimaciones cuantitativas de riesgo para facilitar la toma de decisiones compartida, la comunicacion de los riesgos y el consentimiento informado.
An Orbital‐Overlap Complement to Atomic Partial Charge

Atomic partial charges are widely used to predict reactivity. Partial charge alone is often insufficient: the carbons of benzene and cyclobutadiene, or those of diamond, graphene, and C60, possess nearly identical partial charges and very different reactivities. Our atomic overlap distance complements computed partial charges by measuring the size of orbital lobes that best overlap with the wavefunction around an atom. Compact, chemically stable atoms tend to have overlap distances smaller than chemically soft, unstable atoms. We show here how combining atomic charges and overlap distances captures trends in aromaticity, nucleophilicity, allotrope stability, and substituent effects. Applications to recent experiments in organic chemistry (counterintuitive Lewis base stabilization of alkenyl anions in anionic cyclization) and nanomaterials chemistry (facile doping of the central atom in Au7 hexagons) illustrate this combination's predictive power.
CogNETive: insights and visualization for operations@scale

Operating a cloud-scale service is a huge challenge. There are millions of users worldwide and millions of requests per seconds. For example, Amazon's Simple Storage Service (S3) in 2013 contained two trillion objects and its logs contained 1.1 million log lines per second, which are approximately 10 PB of log records per year (see [1]). Cloud scale implies thousands of servers and network elements, and hundreds of services from multiple cross-regional data centers. Cloud service operation data is scattered over various types of semi-structured and unstructured logs (e.g., application, error, debug), telemetry and network data, as well as customer service records. It is therefore extremely difficult for the multiple owners and administrators in such systems, coming from different units of the organization, to follow the possible paths and system alternatives in order to detect problems, solve issues and understand the service operation.
G18(P) Establishing a pathway for medication reviews in the ketogenic diet service

Introduction Over the past few years, ketogenic services at tertiary centres have seen a significant increase in new patient referrals, which has a subsequent impact on requests to pharmacy for medication advice. Aims We designed and implemented several improvements to enhance the efficiency of our service delivery. New patients were assessed by the team to start ketogenic therapy, followed by a referral to pharmacy for medication review. Our main goal was to establish the effectiveness and importance of this clinical pharmacy provision. Methods Our retrospective analysis included every referral made for a medication review over a six month period since the new pathway was established. Data collected included the number of medicines reviewed and the time taken to complete each review. In addition to this, each medicine reviewed was assessed by two paediatric pharmacists experienced in neurology to identify interventions made. Results We completed 18 separate medication reviews over the six month period. The median time taken to complete each review was 30 min, with a mean of 5 medicines per patient. In total, there were 92 individual medicines reviewed. Anti-epileptic drugs were the most frequently reviewed medication at 62%. In 42.4% of medications reviewed, no interventions were made. However, in the remaining 57.6%, one or more interventions were made by the reviewing pharmacist. A total of 108 interventions were made. Advising on a change of formulation occurred the most frequently at 53.3%. Other interventions included advising on administration (33.7%), modifying dosages (16.3%), and recommending an alternative treatment (4.3%). Conclusions This study demonstrates that access to specialist pharmacy advice is a key component for a ketogenic therapy service. Our medication reviews frequently resulted in recommended changes, which could potentially increase the success of ketogenic diet. Commissioners should consider this resource as part of ketogenic therapy services.