cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Properties of diacylglycerol acyltransferase from spinach leaves

Diacylglycerol-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20) was partially purified and characterized from spinach leaves. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 8.0 and activity was stimulated 2-fold by the addition of 20 mM Mn2+ or Mg2+. Diolein and dipalmitin were examined assn-1,2-diacylglycerol substrates. Only diolein gave detectable triacylglycerol synthesis. In addition, the saturation kinetics of the enzyme with 16∶0-CoA, 18∶0-CoA and 18∶1-CoA were examined. The highest apparent, Km was observed with 18∶1-CoA, the lowest with 16∶0-CoA. Endogenous spinach leaf glycerolipids were extracted and analyzed. The leaves contained 70 nmol triacylglycerol (g fresh weight)−.
Correlates of Dietary Change Among Younger and Older Men

Abstract A model of the decision to change the self was adapted and applied to dietary change. Data were analyzed from personal interviews with 155 married men. Threat, efficacy, and commitment were investigated in relation to dietary change. Threat and feelings of efficacy did not directly affect change. Rather, dietary efficacy enhanced commitment which was associated with greater dietary change. The differential response of older men to food behavior may reflect the relaxation of some gendered roles in later life. Implications for practice are noted.
“Marketing Managers” in the Context of Global Supply Chains: Functional Versus Multiple IQ Competencies

Managerial scholars have suggested that “g” score (i.e., intelligence) tests are not enough to assess and select the appropriate candidates for some jobs. Other dimensions can play just as important a role in employee performance. Thus, the purpose of this article is to expand our view in terms of criteria that may be used as it relates to global supply chain managers. We present a nine-base typology to assist researchers and managers in assessing the true dynamics of global supply chain manager intelligence. The typology of intelligence includes the dimensions of cognitive, social, political, emotional, structural, intuition, experiential, creative, and network. We build our model by using intelligence dimensions from management, industrial organizational psychology, marketing and organizational behavior, and perspectives that include relational contracting norms, relationship marketing, networking, and communications. We propose that global supply chain managers need all nine bases to perform well in th...
Damage Mechanics of Carbon Nano Tubes Under Uniaxial Tension

A procedure is proposed for computing the stresses in an armchair Single-Walled Carbon NanoTube (SWCNT) under uniaxial tension. Computation is based on molecular dynamics simulations and the virial stress theorem. The proposed approach is compared with other methods used in the literature for calculating the stresses in CNTs. The loading is applied under two different boundary conditions and different strain rates and the results are compared. It is shown that the method commonly used in the literature for calculating the stresses in CNTs under estimates the ultimate strength by around 35%. It is shown that the value of the displacement increment used to apply the tensile strain is crucial.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
A framework to canonicalize manufacturing service capability models

We propose an OWL-based ontology design pattern based canonicalization framework.The framework streamlines the OWL-based semantic mediation process.It decomposes the mapping task.The resulting mapping statements are simple to comprehend and maintain.The canonicalization circumvents OWL limitation and increases reasoning performance. The capability to share precisely defined information models, which reveal a supplier's manufacturing service capability (MSC) with anyone who needs it, is key to the creation of more agile supply chains. Today, unfortunately, this capability does not exist. Why? Because most suppliers use proprietary information models to represent and share their MSC information! This limits both the semantic precision in the models, which is needed for interoperability, and the level of agility in the supply chains. The availability of a semantically precise and rich reference MSC ontology could address both of these limitations. Based on our prior research, the development of such an ontology will require a semantic mediation process between the proprietary MSC models and the reference MSC ontology. At the heart of every known, semantic-mediation process is a mapping between a proprietary MSC model and the reference MSC ontology. Such a mapping must deal with the structural and semantic conflicts between the two. In this paper, we propose a new approach, which we call canonicalization to address the structural conflicts. The semantic conflicts are addressed using logical mapping. The canonicalization pre-processes the structural representations of the proprietary models and then aligns them using ontology design patterns which are also used in the reference ontology. This simplifies both the mapping problems themselves and the resulting mapping statements considerably. In the paper, we also demonstrate our approach and its benefits in the context of a description-logic-based semantic mediation using the Ontology Web Language (OWL).
Model for integrated project management

Abstract Although there has been important research on construction management's life cycle, stakeholders, micro and macroenvironment, there has not been a model defined that can link the above. This while the need to integrate construction management's life cycle, stakeholders, micro and macroenvironment into both theory and practice is essential. The Model for integrated project management, described in this paper, consists of six stages. The purpose of this study is also to examine micro and macroenvironment impact on efficiency of project managers and project performance, based on the proposed Model. We conclude that the proposed Model offers a promising research toward improving construction management efficiency through giving construction managers method for enhancing a project's efficient micro and macroenvironment.
Temperature dependence of the electron diffusion coefficient in electrolyte-filled TiO2 nanoparticle films: Evidence against multiple trapping in exponential conduction-band tails

The temperature and photoexcitation density dependences of the electron transport dynamics in electrolyte-filled mesoporous ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ nanoparticle films were investigated by transient photocurrent measurements. The thermal activation energy of the diffusion coefficient of photogenerated electrons ranged from 0.19--0.27 eV, depending on the specific sample studied. The diffusion coefficient also depends strongly on the photoexcitation density; however, the activation energy has little, if any, dependence on the photoexcitation density. The light intensity dependence can be used to infer temperature-independent dispersion parameters in the range 0.3--0.5. These results are inconsistent with the widely used transport model that assumes multiple trapping of electrons in an exponential conduction-band tail. We can also exclude a model allowing for widening of a band tail with increased temperature. Our results suggest that structural, not energetic, disorder limits electron transport in mesoporous ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$. The analogy between this material and others in which charge transport is limited by structural disorder is discussed.
Diagnosis and characterization of insecticide‐insensitive acetylcholinesterase in three populations of the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci

A biochemical approach was used to characterize acetylcholinesterase (AChE) insecticide insensitivity in several sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci; SPW) populations. Discriminating doses of insecticide were established to differentiate between sensitive and insensitive SPW strains and to genotype individual whitefly. This technique was then used to examine the frequency of insensitive AChE alleles in several SPW populations and to isolate a line homozygous for insensitive AChE from a heterogenous B-type population. Inheritance of putative altered AChE genotypes was consistent with the proposed haplo-diploid status of B. tabaci. This biochemical diagnostic was also employed to determine the role of insensitive AChE in the observed resistance profiles of several laboratory populations subjected to different selection regimes. In keeping with previous studies on insecticide resistance in SPW, resistance does not appear to be uniquely associated with the B-type but rather with SPW populations found in crop systems.
An informal look at use of bakery department tongs and tissues.

A number of food supermarkets have bakery departments in which are stocked, for selection and sale, rolls, bagels, donuts, and danish. These commodties are generally put out in bulk on trays or in baskets which in turn are laced on display shelves in ~Uuminated clear ~lastic cabinets. Customers wishing to make a purchase open a cabinet door, remove what they want, and place it in either a cardboard box with a clear plastic window, or in a transparent plastic bag. These containers are stored conveniently by the cabinets, along with a supply of devices for closing the containers, for example, a plastic tie for the bags. Normally some type of implement is provided for customers' use in selecting and removing desired items from the trays and baskets and placing them in the containers-understandably, customer hands are generally not an "approved" health-related means for rummaging through unwrapped bakery stock, and then pickmg and extracting desired edbles. Among the implements provided-normally one type per store-are tongs and tissues. Signs, predominantly displayed, request the customers please to use the implernen ts. To gain some insight into customers' compliance in using tongs or tissues an informal inquiry was conducted at four large food supermarkets in the suburbs of a large city in the Northeast during the Fall of 1997. In two of these stores tongs were provided; in the other two, tissues. A total of 20 30-min, convenience observations were made at each of the four stores. Citing~ were conducted on weekday mornings between the hours of 7 a.m. and 10 a.m., with counts being made only if the tongs and tissues were in place and only when there was but one customer at the cabinets. The number of customers extracting bakery goods from the cabinets, both using and not
Dependence of mesenchymal cell responses on duration of exposure to bone morphogenetic protein-2 in vitro

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce osteoblastic responses in cultures of pluripotent mesenchymal cells. The effects of chronic treatment of these cells with BMPs and of withdrawal following exposure, however, have not been fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to obtain information about the duration of exposure to recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) required for expression and retention of osteoblastic characteristics with subsequent formation of a mineralized extracellular matrix in mesenchymal cell cultures. C3H10T1/2 cells and bone marrow stromal cells were cultured with 1 μg/ml rhBMP-2 for either 0, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days, with the remainder of the 4 week total culture period in the absence of rhBMP-2. Growth and expression of osteoblastic characteristics were examined at the end of each week. C3H10T1/2 cells responded to increasing duration of exposure to rhBMP-2 with increased cell growth. Additionally, the longer the cells were exposed to rhBMP-2, the more fully they expressed and sustained osteoblastic traits, i.e., they exhibited duration of exposure-dependent higher levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin and larger total amounts of mineral in the matrix. In comparison, exposure of bone marrow stromal cells to rhBMP-2 for at least 14 days restrained cell growth and prevented detachment. With respect to osteoblastic traits, stromal cells exposed to rhBMP-2 also exhibited a dependence on the duration of exposure, however, cultures treated for 14, 21, or 28 days exhibited similar levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and comparable amounts of calcium in the mineralizing matrix. J. Cell. Physiol. 173:93–101, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Marketing of Churches: An Empirical Study of Important Attributes

ABSTRACT This is an empirical study to identify the attributes or factors which determine worshippers' satisfaction in a church. The research instrument we used was a self administered questionnaire which was filled out by residents in Denton. The worshippers were asked to rate the importance as well as their satisfaction with the church they attend on four components of worship (i.e., church environment, pulpit ministry, music ministry, and congregational participation). The scales were tested for validity and reliability, and reduced to the necessary number of factors, using factor analysis. Regression on each of the components of worship was also done and analyzed. Further, an ANOVA procedure was done to find out if there are significant differences in the overall altitude and overall satisfaction based on the demographics of the congregation. It is hoped that the study will prove useful to churches so as to improve congregational worship.
Zero-temperature phase diagram of the one-dimensional t−J model

Abstract We study the t−J model in one dimension by combining a variational approach and an exact ground-state projection method. We find that the model exhibits Luttinger-liquid behavior for most of the phase diagram before the critical J t for phase separation. However, at small densities and high interaction strengths, a new Luther-Emery-liquid phase with a gap to spin excitations and enhanced superconducting correlations is found.
Cyclic voltammetric study of the electrochemical formation of platinum oxide in a Pt/yttria-stabilized zirconia cell

Abstract The electrochemical formation of platinum oxides in the O 2 (g), Pt/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) cell using high temperature cyclic voltammetry with a platinum paste electrode is reported. In air platinum oxides were formed on the electrode between 400 and 750°C with the maximum amount of oxide occuring near 600°C. The amount of oxide depends on the electrode potential and exposure time at the anodic-exposure potential, but tends to a saturated state determined by the temperature and potential. In the cyclic voltammograms of oxygen in air below 750°C, a distinct cathodic current peak is observed, and a smaller, poorly defined peak at more cathodic potentials is sometimes found. These current peaks are attributed to the reduction of two species of PtO x . Two poorly defined anodic waves are caused by the oxidation of platinum forming the two kinds of PtO x . The electrochemical platinum oxide formation and reduction reactions are irreversible. A mechanism for the electrochemical formation and reduction of platinum oxides is discussed.
Risk of radiation-induced malignancies from CT scanning in children who underwent shunt treatment before 6 years of age: a retrospective cohort study with a minimum 10-year follow-up

Object A number of mathematical models predict the risk of future cancer from the ionizing radiation exposure of CT scanning. The predictions are alarming. Some models predict 29,000 future cancers and 14,500 deaths in the US will be directly caused by 1 year's worth of CT scanning. However, there are very few clinical data to justify or refute these claims. Young children are theoretically highly susceptible to the damaging effects of radiation. In this study, the authors examined children who underwent CSF shunt placement before 6 years of age. The authors chose to study shunt-treated patients with the assumption that these patients would undergo future imaging, facilitating surveillance. They chose a study period of 1991–2001 to allow more than 10 years of follow-up data. Methods The authors studied 104 consecutive children who underwent CSF shunt placement prior to 6 years of age and who had at least 10 years of follow-up data. Sixty-two of these patients underwent shunt placement prior to 1 year of a...
A tale of two diatheses: Temperament, BIS, and BAS as risk factors for mood disorder

Abstract Objective Learning more about how biological traits, like temperament and sensitivity in the behavioral inhibition (BIS) and behavioral activation (BAS) systems, relate to mood pathology is consistent with the Research Domain Criteria initiative׳s goal of investigating mechanisms of risk. Method Korean young adults (n=128) and American young adults (n=630, of whom 23 has recent treatment for bipolar disorder, and 21for depression) completed self-report questionnaires, including the TEMPS-A, the BIS/BAS scales, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Hypomanic Checklist (HCL-32). Linear regression quantified relations between mood symptoms, sample characteristics, temperament, and BIS/BAS. Results Temperament styles explained 49% of the variance in BDI scores. BIS explained an additional 1% of the variance in BDI scores. BAS Fun and Reward (p Limitations Differences in sample size, the cross-sectional study design, and lack of collateral report or behavioral measures of constructs are limitations. Conclusions Affective temperament and BIS/BAS are complementary but distinct constructs. Affective temperament, particularly cyclothymic, may represent a stronger diathesis for mood pathology, and seems potent irrespective of culture or diagnosis. Assessing temperament may help overcome some challenges in diagnosing mood disorders.
Exact results for a finite-sized spherical model of ferromagnetism at the borderline dimensionality 4.

We report exact results on the zero-field susceptibility \ensuremath{\chi}(T;L), the correlation length \ensuremath{\xi}(T;L), and the ``singular'' part of the specific heat ${\mathrm{c}}^{(\mathrm{s})}$ (T;L) of a finite-sized spherical model of ferromagnetism subjected to periodic boundary conditions. We take the total dimensionality of the system d to be 4 and deal with the geometry ${\mathrm{L}}^{4\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{d}\ensuremath{'}}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\infty}}}^{\mathrm{d}\ensuremath{'}}$ (d\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{\leqslant}2). In the region of first-order phase transition (T${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$), our results are formally the same as in other cases with dg2. The ``core'' region (T\ensuremath{\simeq}${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$), however, is characterized by the appearance of factors involving lnL, which appear only when d=4. The relationship between these results and the corresponding ones following from the hyperscaling regime as d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4- or from the mean-field regime as d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4+ is explored, and a formulation in terms of the finite-size scaling theory is presented.
Cell free synthesis of ornithine transcarbamylase.

Abstract Synthesis of ornithine transcarbamylase activity by four different disrupted preparations of lysozyme protoplasts of Escherichia coli W cells was investigated. Whole protoplast contamination was found sufficient to account for all enzyme synthesis observed in water-lysed protoplasts. On the contrary, no contribution of whole protoplasts could be demonstrated for the ATP-dependent ornithine transcarbamylase synthesis observed in preparations disrupted in a Hughes press. Comparison of preparations disrupted by various methods indicated that the most active enzyme synthesis was found in protoplasts disrupted with a liquid-nitrogen-cooled Hughes press. With such preparations, both ATP and glucose were found to be absolutely essential for the appearance of any new ornithine transcarbamylase, but the high ATP concentration requirement could be replaced by an energy-generating system. Although Mg ++ was necessary for ornithine transcarbamylase synthesis, no additional stimulation activity was observed with added Mn ++ . L -amino acid increased ornithine transcarbamylase synthesis in most experiments; however, it was not possible to repress ornithine transcarbamylase formation by arginine in disrupted protoplasts. Evidence suggested of an additional requirement of uridine triphosphate, cytidine triphosphate, and guanosine triphosphate for ornithine transcarbamylase formation was obtained with crude disrupted protoplasts. This requirement was augmented in the fractionated ornithine transcarbamylase-forming system. The observations that polyvinylsulfate, which is a known RNase inhibitor, is a requirement for maximum ornithine transcarbamylase synthesis and added RNas inhibits the same process suggest a role of RNA in ornithine transcarbamylase synthesis. Preliminary fractionation of the disrupted preparation indicated that the ornithine transcarbamylase-forming system consists of a particulate fraction together with a soluble fraction that can be recovered by acid precipitation. The significance of these investigations is discussed.
Racial differences in violence and self-esteem among prison inmates

Recent scholarship in social psychology suggests that individuals with an elevated sense of self-esteem may respond aggressively or violently when this heightened egoism is threatened. The present study explores differences in self-esteem, aggression, and violent behavior among a sample of 644 male state prison inmates. The results indicated that Black inmates expressed higher levels of self-esteem than White inmates. Although Blacks and Whites did not differ on a psychological measure of aggressive personality, Black prisoners reported more violent behavior than Whites. Moreover, high self-esteem predicted violent behavior inside prison, but only for Whites. This finding suggests that the relationship between high self-esteem and violence may be race-specific.
Voltage-Regulated Power Supplies Design and Construction Considerations

Power supplies with low regulation have always been an important consideration in the electronic and allied fields. This naturally dictates the use of voltage-regulated power supplies of the types described previously by Hunt and Hickman and other investigators. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the problems involved and to develop an orderly procedure for designing and constructing these voltage regulated power supplies for specific applications. The correlation between design data and actual tests on a finished model will also be shown.
Public information as a deterrent to environmental infractions

Past studies of the impact of publicly announced violations of environmental laws on the market value of the offending firms have yielded equivocal results. A particularly troubling aspect of this research is whether the market imposes a reputation penalty for such violations. This article uses the event-study methodology to estimate the effect of announced environmental infractions on the market returns of the violators. Stockholders experienced significant negative abnormal returns in the event window. Cross-sectional analysis showed these cumulative losses to be a function of firm size, type of legal action and specific toxin. The reputation component of abnormal returns was influenced by these factors as well.
Base‐catalyzed hydroxymethylation of phenol by aqueous formaldehyde. Kinetics and mechanism

The effects of formaldehyde and hemiformal equilibria on the rates of the base-catalyzed and hydroxymethylations of phenol by aqueous formaldehyde have been treated quantitatively. A kinetic model treating all seven simultaneous, parallel, consecutive, and competing reactions, as well as the equilibria, has been shown to apply to a wide variety of the conditions and to data from other works. Concentration-induced solvent effects on the rates and on the ortho/para-substitution patters have been studied. The temperature dependence of the rate constants, both for dilute systems and systems composed primarily of phenol and aqueous formaldehyde, has been determined.
Velocity Measurements over a Pitching Airfoil

The results of instantaneous velocity measurements on the suction side of a two-dimensional NACA 0015 airfoil pitching at constant angular velocity about its quarter-chord spanwise axis are presented. The experiments were performed in an open-surface water channel at two Reynolds numbers (5 .4 £ 10 4 and 1.5 £ 10 5 ) using the techniqueofparticleimagevelocimetry forthemeasurementoftheinstantaneousvelocity ® eld.Thevelocity (andhence vorticity)data obtained in theseexperimentssupplement thesurfacepressuredata obtained inearlierexperiments on the same model under the same conditions. The data have been used to obtain quantitative information on the
Lack of selective killing by steroids in normal and malignant cells

Using a colony formation assay, the cytotoxic effects of steroids and an anti-steroid on an established human breast tumor line and two human diploid fibroblast strains were studied. Experiments involving 17 a-estradiol, 17 beta-estradiol, dexamethasone, cortisone, dihydrotestosterone, and the anti-estrogen Tamoxifen showed no killing at concentrations below 10(-7)M following a 24-hour exposure to these agents. A maximum of 80% killing was observed at 10(-5)M with dexamethasone in one fibroblast strain and at the same dose of 17 beta-estradiol in the breast tumor line. The extent of killing observed is insufficient to account for many of the clinical remissions observed with steroid therapy. The data also suggest that at therapeutic doses, there is no selective killing of malignant cells by these agents.
The accumulative effects of physical activity in hypertensive post-menopausal women.

Background Lifestyle modifications, such as physical activity, are recommended as first-line or adjunctive therapy for hypertension. However, controversy exists regarding the type, amount, and intensity of physical activity for optimal blood pressure lowering. Design and methods This study evaluated the blood pressure changes in 18 post-menopausal, sedentary, untreated hypertensive women randomized to an individualized 8-week programme of intermittent moderate-intensity physical activity versus no change in physical activity. The physical activity group was asked to select activities (such as walking) to engage in physical activity for 10 min, three times a day, 5 days per week at an intensity of 50-60% heart rate reserve. Results Independent T-tests were used to compare the difference in resting blood pressure between groups. After 8 weeks, resting blood pressure was 8/5 mmHg lower in the physical activity group (systolic blood pressure, P= 0.006 and diastolic blood pressure, P = 0.059). The between group differences remained significant after adjustment for age, baseline blood pressure and previous use of antihypertensive drug therapy. Conclusion These data show that hypertensive, post-menopausal women who engage in intermittent, moderate-intensity physical activity experience a reduction in blood pressure.
Perceived Norms, Outcome Expectancies, and Collegiate Drinking: Examining the Mediating Role of Drinking Motives

The authors examined the mediational role of drinking motives in explaining the associations among psychosocial antecedents and collegiate drinking. Results indicated that drinking motives partially mediated the relationships between outcome expectancies, perceived norms, alcohol use intensity, and alcohol-related negative consequences.
Unstructured Navier-Stokes High-Lift Computations on a Trapezoidal Wing

Solutions on a trapezoidal three-element high-lift wing obtained with an unstructured Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes code are presented. Requirements for grid renemen ts needed to model the pertinent o w physics at various points on the lift curve are identied. Improvements to the lift prediction due to grid renemen t are demonstrated. Lift, drag, pitching moment are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data through C Lmax : The eect of slat and ap brackets are shown, although more grid resolution is needed to correctly capture these eects.
Structural Organization of the Synaptic Exocytosis Core Complex

Abstract Syntaxin, vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP), and synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) form a ternary "core complex" central to the process of synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the proteins assemble in a coiled-coil structure, but the alignment of α helices in this coil and the overall conformation of the coil are unknown. We employ the technique of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to investigate the alignment between syntaxin and VAMP. With the acceptor probe coupled to the amino-terminal end of the VAMP coiled-coil domain, the donor probe fluorescence is quenched to a greater extent when it is on the amino-terminal end of the syntaxin H3 domain than when it is on the carboxy-terminal end. The data indicate that syntaxin and VAMP bind primarily in a parallel arrangement and suggest a coiled-coil structure that is bent rather than fully extended. We propose a model in which binding of SNAP receptor (SNARE) protein coiled-coil domains helps drive vesicle fusion.
The Madam as Teacher: The Training of House Prostitutes

Although the day of the elaborate and conspicuous high-class house of prostitution is gone, houses still operate throughout the United States in a variety of altered forms. The business may be run out of trailers and motels along major highways, luxury apartments in the center of a metropolis or run-down houses in smaller, industrialized cities. (Recent discussions of various aspects of house prostitution include: Gagnon and Simon, 1973:226-7; Hall, 1973: 115-95; Heyl, 1974; Jackson, 1969:185-92; Sheehy, 1974:185-204; Stewart, 1972; and Vogliotti, 1975:25-80.) Madams sometimes find themselves teaching young women how to become professional prostitutes. This paper focuses on one madam who trains novices to work at the house level. I compare the training to Bryan's (1965) account of the apprenticeship of call girls and relate the madam's role to the social organization of house prostitution. Bryan's study of thirty-three Los Angeles call girls is one of the earliest interactionist treatments of prostitution. His data focus on the process of entry into the occupation of call girl and permit an analysis of the structure and content of a woman's'apprenticeship.He concluded that the apprenticeship of call girls is mainly directed toward developing a clientele, rather than sexual skills (1965:288, 296-7). But while Bryan notes that pimps seldom train women directly, approximately half of his field evidence in fact derives from pimp-call girl apprenticeships. Thus, in Bryan's study (as well as in subsequent work on entry into prostitution as an occupation) there is a missing set of data on the more typical female trainer-trainee relationship and on the content and process of training at other levels of the business in nonmetropolitan settings. This paper attempts to fill this gap.
Inhibition and stimulation of trichloroethylene biodegradation in microaerophilic microcosms

The possibility of increasing the biotransformation rate of trichloroethylene (TCE) in ground water and subsurface environments by nutrient addition to microcosms was studied. Three sets of microcosms made of sediment and water were prepared under a nitrogen atmosphere to preserve microacrophilic conditions; each set contained one of the following nutrients: sulfate, methane or ethylene. A control set of microcosms without nutrients was also prepared. The addition of methane was found to increase the biotransformation rate of TCE, allowing the depletion of 99.6% of the TCE in 6 months of incubation, with a lag time of 3 months. In the control microcosms, with no added nutrient, 78% of the TCE was depleted in 6 months of incubation. However, in the microcosms to which sulfate or ethylene was added, the half-life of TCE was appreciably increased. This indicates that methane addition increased the ability of the indigenous microorganisms to biodegrade TCE under microaerophilic conditions, and that sulfate addition inhibited the organisms responsible for the biotransformation of TCE or their biodegrading ability. The effect of ethylene was ambiguous; bacterial growth did not occur in sediment-water cultures supplied with ethylene as the sole carbon source. Hence ethylene either inhibited growth of indigenous bacteria or was not a suitable carbon source. The microcosm experiments suggest that biotransformation resulted from the action of methylotrophs, coexisting in microhabitats with methanogens, which cometabolize the chlorinated ethenes with methane.
Instabilities of a horizontal shear flow with a free surface

The simple shear-flow model of Stern & Adam, in which a layer of uniform vorticity and depth overlies an infinitely deep fluid, is here extended by the addition of an upper fluid layer of uniform thickness and constant velocity. In this way many experimentally observed velocity profiles can be approximated. The normal mode instabilities of such a model can be found analytically, and their properties calculated through the solution of a quartic polynomial equation. The dispersion relation is here determined and illustrated in its dependence on the Froude number and on the ratio H 1 /H 2 , where H 1 and H 2 denote the mean depths of the surface layer and the base of the shear layer, respectively. It is found that two branches of instability which are distinct when H 1 /H 2 is moderate or small can become merged when H 1 /H 2 ≥ 0.4924. Also calculated are the fastest-growing modes, and their wavelengths. The results are applied to some examples of surface flows generated by towed bodies, and to steady spilling breakers
The ACQUIRE mechanism for efficient querying in sensor networks

We propose a novel and efficient mechanism for obtaining information in sensor networks which we refer to as ACQUIRE. In ACQUIRE an active query is forwarded through the network, and intermediate nodes use cached local information (within a look-ahead of d hops) in order to partially resolve the query. When the query is fully resolved, a completed response is sent directly back to the querying node. We take a mathematical modelling approach in this paper to calculate the energy costs associated with ACQUIRE. The models permit us to characterize analytically the impact of critical parameters, and compare the performance of ACQUIRE with respect to alternatives such as flooding-based querying (FBQ) and expanding ring search (ERS). We show that with optimal parameter settings, depending on the update frequency, ACQUIRE obtains order of magnitude reduction over FBQ and potentially over 60% reduction over ERS in consumed energy.
An heuristic approach for mapping landslide hazard by integrating fuzzy logic with analytic hierarchy process

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RF switches using phase change materials

Phase change materials are attractive candidates for use in ohmic switches as they can be thermally transitioned between amorphous and crystalline states, showing several orders of magnitude change in resistivity. Phase change switches are fast, small form factor, and can be readily integrated with MEMS and CMOS electronics. As such, they have a great potential for implementing next-generation high-speed reconfigurable RF modules. In this paper, we report on the RF properties of germanium tellurium, a PC material, and its use in RF switching applications. Intrinsic resistance and capacitance at the ON (crystalline) and OFF (amorphous) states of a directly heated switch are compared and characterized. Other properties such as phase transition conditions, insertion loss, return loss, and power handling capability of the switch are also measured and analyzed.
Petrology and Mineralogy of the Campus Andesite Pluton, El Paso, Texas

The Campus Andesite represents a small igneous pluton located in the Rio Grande valley and crops out on the campus of The University of Texas at El Paso. The igneous mass is post-Cretaceous in age, showing intrusive contacts with shale and marl of the Boquillas Formation and is surrounded by Quaternary lake or alluvial deposits (or both). Absolute age of the pluton, based on a K-Ar date, is 47.1 ± 2.3 m.y. Texturally, the intrusive is porphyritic with phenocrysts averaging 2 to 3 mm in length and set in an aphanitic groundmass. The phenocrysts, composed predominantly of plagioclase (andesine), comprise approximately 40 percent of the rock. The mineralogy of the andesite consists of phenocrysts of plagioclase, biotite, and hornblende with groundmass constituents of plagioclase, K-feldspar, and minor quartz and magnetite. Two chemical analyses of the Campus Andesite indicate a chemical composition intermediate between an andesite and a dacite. Mineralogically, the rock is classified as a porphyritic andesite.
The Effects of Small Intestinal Colonization by Fecal and Colonic Bacteria on Intestinal Function in Rats

The effects of colonie and fecal bacterial proliferation on jejunal function were studied in normal rats and in low-germ rats after intraperitoneal injections of mecamylamine HC1. Jejunal bacteriology, bile salts, ultrastructure, and transport capacity were assessed. Normal rats given mecamylamine for 3 days had increased anaerobic bacteria in the intestinal fluid, and had high concentrations of deconjugated bile salts in the intraluminal contents. Jejunal bacteria were lodged between microvilli without penetrating the cell cytoplasm. However, there was focal cellular damage, including fused microvilli, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and secondary lysosomes. In the mecamylamine treated normal rats intestinal glucose transport was reduced with an alteration compatible with non- competitive inhibition. The absorption rates of galactose, fructose, 3-0- methyl-D-glucose, tyrosine, Na, and K were also decreased. In contrast, low-germ mecamylamine-treated rats showed no evidence of either in creased anaerobic bacterial proliferation or deconjugation of bile salts, and had none of the fine structural alterations seen in regularly raised rats. Also, the transport of carbohydrates was unaltered. The findings suggest that non-invasive enteric proliferation of colonie and fecal bacterial anaerobes in rats may be associated with deconjugation of bile salts, ultrastructural alterations of the intestinal epithelial cells, and a diminished jejunal trans port capacity of carbohydrates and other solutes. J. Nutr. 108: 1913- 1923, 1978.
Novel illumination-normalization method based on region information

A region based illumination-normalization method which only uses gray level values in an image as information is proposed in this paper. The general purpose of illumination normalization is to reduce lighting effect when the testing images are captured in different environment and supplies useful and uniform data. We apply the algorithm in our face recognition system. The algorithm first divides the testing face images into two parts using homomorphic filtering method. One is the face feature, F 0 , and the other one is the illumination information, I 0 . Next, an illumination reference model is constructed from a set of normal face images. The illumination information of the testing face image is then adjusted according to the illumination reference model. The modified illumination information, I α , and original face feature, F 0 , are at last combined to make up the normalized face image. The face recognition result is improved after the algorithm is applied.
Pretransplant Risk Score for New-Onset Diabetes After Kidney Transplantation

OBJECTIVE New-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation (NODAT) has adverse clinical and economic implications. A risk score for NODAT could help identify research subjects for intervention studies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study using pretransplant clinical and laboratory measurements to construct a risk score for NODAT. NODAT was defined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥6.5%, fasting serum glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or prescribed therapy for diabetes within 1 year posttransplant. Three multivariate logistic regression models were constructed: 1 ) standard model, with both continuous and discrete variables; 2 ) dichotomous model, with continuous variables dichotomized at clinically relevant cut points; and 3 ) summary score defined as the sum of the points accrued using the terms from the dichotomous model. RESULTS A total of 316 subjects had seven pretransplant variables with P < 0.10 in univariate logistic regression analyses (age, planned corticosteroid therapy posttransplant, prescription for gout medicine, BMI, fasting glucose and triglycerides, and family history of type 2 diabetes) that were selected for multivariate models. Areas under receiver operating curves for all three models were similar (0.72, 0.71, and 0.70). A simple risk score calculated as the sum of points from the seven variables performed as well as the other two models in identifying risk of NODAT. CONCLUSIONS A risk score computed from seven simple pretransplant variables can identify risk of NODAT.
Private borrowing during the financial revolution: Hoare's Bank and its customers, 1702-24 1

The financial revolution improved the British government’s ability to borrow, and thus its ability to wage war. North andWeingast argued that it also permitted private parties to borrow more cheaply and widely. We test these inferences with evidence from a London bank. We confirm that private bank credit was cheap in the early eighteenth century, but we argue that it was not available widely. Importantly, the government reduced the usury rate in 1714, sharply reducing the circle of private clients that could be served profitably. I A generation ago, in a classic study, Dickson termed the momentous changes in British government finances after 1688 a financial revolution. The changes undertaken in Britain’s fiscal position enabled the government to borrow far more extensively and cheaply than before. The result was to encourage William III’s military adventures on the continent in the early part of the eighteenth century and much more extensive military operations at the end of it. North and Weingast argued more recently that the changes in British governmental finances had a profound and beneficial effect on business.They argued that the same institutional changes that helped the government—in the main, an improvement in property rights—also helped private individuals. This inference was offered as a partial explanation to the perennial question of why the industrial revolution took place in England. 2 We argue that there was a disjunction between the changes in government and private finances, between the macroeconomic and microeconomic changes taking place in eighteenth-century England. Private financial markets and credit intermediaries were operating well at this time, aggregating savings and allocating capital; yet the Hanoverian state’s intervention in private credit markets undermined the positive effects that could have flowed from this. Intermediaries operated within the constraints imposed on them by the government’s actions and policies. These constraints allowed enough room for the financial market to operate efficiently, but not enough scope for it to promote structural change and economic growth. 1
Secure Search of Private Documents in an Enterprise Content Management System

An enterprise content management system such as an electronic contract system manages a large number of secure documents for many organizations. The search of these private documents for different organizational users with role- based access control is a challenging task. In this paper, we present a novel content-based XML-annotated secure-index search mechanism that provides an effective search and retrieval of private documents with document-level security. The search mechanism includes a document analysis framework for text analysis and annotation, a search indexer to build and incorporate document access control information directly into a search index, an XML-based search engine, and a compound query generation technique to join user role and organization information into search query. Our experiments on a pilot electronic contract system demonstrate that, by incorporating document access information directly into the search index and combining user information in the search query, search and retrieval of private contract documents can be achieved very effectively and securely with high performance.
Effective Treatment of Symptomatic Lower Esophageal (Schatzki) Rings With Acid Suppression Therapy: Confirmed on Barium Esophagography.

OBJECTIVE. Symptomatic lower esophageal (Schatzki) rings are one of the most common causes of dysphagia and esophageal food impaction. Although these rings are often diagnosed fluoroscopically, patients are typically referred for dilation procedures performed by a gastroenterologist. Because these procedures are invasive and carry risks, including esophageal perforation, an alternative treatment option is needed. Although recent research has shown the effectiveness of acid suppression medications used in addition to dilation procedures, our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with acid suppression medication alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of nine patients who underwent barium esophagography at our institution to determine the ability to pass a 13-mm barium tablet and to identify a change in the lumen diameter of the lower esophageal rings after treatment with an oral proton pump inhibitor medication. RESULTS. The median ring diameter was 10 mm (ran...